cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
INTRAVITREOUS BEVACIZUMAB IN THE TREATMENT OF MACUAR EDEMA FROM BRANCH RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION AND HEMISPHERE RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION (AN AOS THESIS)

Purpose: To compare intravitreous bevacizumab to other current treatments of branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) and hemisphere retinal vein occlusion (HRVO) with consideration to visual outcome, cost, convenience, and risk of treatment. Methods: This is a retrospective chart review from a large referral retina practice. The data comprise 56 patients with BRVO and HRVO treated by intravitreous bevacizumab, with and without intravitreous triamcinolone acetonide. Initial visual acuities at the time of first bevacizumab injection, best acuities through the follow-up time, final acuity at last visit before review, initial macular thickness, and final macular thickness were measured. Changes in vision and thickness were calculated, as were the percentage of eyes improving, stabilizing, and worsening. Results: The data were compared to composite data derived from several current treatments of BRVO. The subgroup of 39 eyes that received only bevacizumab without triamcinolone acetonide had the most improvement in vision. The median change in visual acuity was 1.5 lines (P = .012) over a mean follow-up of 8.8 months. Twenty-three eyes (59%) improved visually, with 20 eyes (51%) improving 2 or more lines. These results are similar to those for eyes that received argon grid laser and chorioretinal anastomosis, but are worse than in eyes that received arteriovenous adventitial sheathotomy, macular decompression surgery, and intravitreous triamcinolone acetonide. Conclusions: Visual benefit from intravitreous bevacizumab compares well against laser treatments for BRVO and HRVO but not as well opposed to surgical techniques and intravitreous triamcinolone acetonide. Intravitreous bevacizumab injection has a risk, cost, and convenience profile that is favorable.
Overall State of Pediatric Readiness in U.S. Improved Over the Past 10 Years, but Gaps Remain.

Overall pediatric readiness has improved over the last 10 years, but many U.S. EDs lack equipment and pediatric specific training for healthcare providers. OVER THE LAST two decades, U.S. researchers have focused on improving pediatric readiness for children in emergency care settings. Last month researchers from the National Pediatric Readiness Project updated a 2006 report assessing the pediatric readiness of U.S. emergency departments (ED) (Gausche-Hill et al., 2015). The study is important because it provides the most up-to-date and comprehensive evaluation of pediatric readiness of U.S. EDs. The current report found that overall pediatric readiness had improved over the last 10 years, but that many U.S. EDs continue to lack pediatric equipment and pediatric-specific training for healthcare workers. To assess pediatric readiness the researchers used a weighted 55 question Web-based survey based on the guidelines for care of children in EDs issued by the American Academy of Pediatrics, American College of Emergency Physicians, and the Emergency Nurses Association (2009). Previous reports had showed relatively poor, uneven compliance with the guidelines. The investigators assessed pediatric readiness, including physician/nurse training, quality of improvement activities, patient safety initiatives, policies and procedures, availability of equipment and disaster planning. Of the 4,137 assessments completed (83% response rate) in 2013, there was a median score of 69 on the 100-point weighted pediatric readiness score (WPRS) scale, an increase from a median of 55 in 2003. The researchers found a correlation between the WPRS scores and the annual volume of pediatric patients. Hospitals with less than 1,800 pediatric patients a year had a
Mucinous Adenocarcinoma Arising from Perianal Fistulae in Crohn’s Disease: A Rare Case Report and Review of the Literature

Perianal fistula is a common manifestation of Crohn's disease. Adenocarcinoma arising from perianal fistulae in patients with Crohn’s disease is rare. There are only 65 cases in English literature with anorectal adenocarcinoma arising from a perianal fistula in patients with Crohn's disease reported from January 1946 until September 2009. We present a case of 44 year old male diagnosed with Crohn’s disease in 2012. Patient presented with worsening perirectal fistulas and posterior anal mass in 2014. Biopsy of posterior anal mass and right lateral anal margin, revealed mucinous adenocarcinoma. Given the findings of a perianal adenocarcinoma and extensive perianal Crohn’s disease, the patient underwent neoadjuvant treatment, followed by abdominoperineal resection. Tumor size was 4.0 cm, estimated, as a discreet mass was not seen. This moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma was arising from the lining of the perianal fistulae tracts. The malignant cells and mucinous pools were diffusely involving the anal canal and part of the perianal fibroadipose tissue. The tumor demonstrated irregularly shaped tubules lined by cells with basally located, uniform, and hyperchromatic nuclei with abundant mucinous cytoplasm. The positive staining with CK20 and CDX2 in the tumor cells by immunohistochemistry suggests that tumor originated from colonic epithelium lining the fistula tracts. This case is unusual because of the very short duration between the first time diagnosis of Crohn's disease and development of adenocarcinoma in the perianal fistula tracts.
Government Spending and the Survival of Democrats and Dictators.

How do government spending and leader survival affect one another when leaders are motivated by survival and policy concerns? A formal model developed to address this question indicates variation across regime type in winning coalitions' spending preferences and the cost of leader replacement results in democrats and dictators best securing their survival with different spending distributions and varying in their responsiveness to their constituents' preferences. Consistent with the formal model's implications, I find that, on average, the spending distribution that maximizes a dictator's chances of survival includes more military spending than the distribution that best secures a democrat's tenure, dictators allocate more of their resources to military spending than democrats, and greater variance in spending patterns exists in dictatorships than in democracies. These results contribute to our understanding of how institutions and actors' preferences interact to shape policy outcomes and have implications for a wide range of political behaviors.
Communication scheduling

The high arithmetic rates of media processing applications require architectures with tens to hundreds of functional units, multiple register files, and explicit interconnect between functional units and register files. Communication scheduling enables scheduling to these emerging architectures, including those that use shared buses and register file ports. Scheduling to these shared interconnect architectures is difficult because it requires simultaneously allocating functional units to operations and buses and register file ports to the communications between operations. Prior VLIW scheduling algorithms are limited to clustered register file architectures with no shared buses or register file ports. Communication scheduling extends the range of target architectures by making each communication explicit and decomposing it into three components: a write stub, zero or more copy operations, and a read stub. Communication scheduling allows media processing kernels to achieve 98% of the performance of a central register file architecture on a distributed register file architecture with only 9% of the area, 6% of the power consumption, and 37% of the access delay, and 120% of the performance of a clustered register file architecture on a distributed register file architecture with 56% of the area and 50% of the power consumption.
Workers' control in the era of World War I

The struggle of workers under capitalism to control their own productive activities has been a perennial one,' but during World War I and the immediate postwar period this struggle took on new forms, at least for certain sectors of the European working classes. For the first time the efforts of skilled workers to control their own jobs were transformed into mass struggles to wrest control of the production process as a whole from the capitalist class and to lodge it in organs democratically constituted by the workers themselves. Those skilled workers who had previously been in the forefront of job control struggles began to develop organizational forms that promised to transcend the boundaries of craft and to include the mass of less skilled workers in the general project of democratic management. For the first time truly mass struggles were waged to give concrete institutional expression to the socialist project of expropriating the means of production and transforming the relations of production.
Representations of piecewise smooth signals on graphs

We study representations of piecewise-smooth signals on graphs. We first define classes for smooth, piecewise-constant, and piecewise-smooth graph signals, followed by a series of multiresolution local sets to analyze those signals by implementing a multiresolution analysis on graphs. Based on these local sets, we propose local-set-based piecewise-constant and piecewise-smooth dictionaries as graph signal representations that, in spirit, resemble the classical Haar wavelet basis and are naturally localized in both graph vertex and graph Fourier domains. Moreover, they promote sparsity when representing piecewise-smooth graph signals. In the experiments, we show that local-set-based dictionaries outperform graph Fourier domain based representations when approximating both simulated and real-world graph signals.
Invasive squamous cell carcinoma within verrucous carcinoma

A case of invasive squamous cell carcinoma within a verrucous carcinoma is presented in order to illustrate the potential problem of underdiagnosis of these lesions. The epidemiology, natural history and histopathology of verrucous carcinoma, and features which distinguish it from invasive squamous cell carcinoma, are reviewed. Unless rigorous attention is paid to histologic detail, a focus of invasive squamous cell carcinoma may escape detection and radiation-induced anaplastic transformation may later be suspected.
Non-contact method for directing electrotaxis

We present a method to induce electric fields and drive electrotaxis (galvanotaxis) without the need for electrodes to be in contact with the media containing the cell cultures. We report experimental results using a modification of the transmembrane assay, demonstrating the hindrance of migration of breast cancer cells (SCP2) when an induced a.c. electric field is present in the appropriate direction (i.e. in the direction of migration). Of significance is that migration of these cells is hindered at electric field strengths many orders of magnitude (5 to 6) below those previously reported for d.c. electrotaxis and even in the presence of a chemokine (SDF-1α) or a growth factor (EGF). Induced a.c. electric fields applied in the direction of migration are also shown to hinder motility of non-transformed human mammary epithelial cells (MCF10A) in the presence of the growth factor EGF. In addition, we also show how our method can be applied to other cell migration assays (scratch assay) and by changing the coil design and holder, that it is also compatible with commercially available multi-well culture plates.
Theory, Science, and Practice for Advancing Capacity Evaluation in Older Adults

Fellow Clinical Gerontologists, welcome to issue 1 of 2017.With this issue we celebrate two milestones—first, our special issue on capacity assessment and second, our 40th volume year. Clinical Ger...
Hyperexcitability of Neurons and Astrocytes in Epileptic Human Cortex

Glutamate elicits an excitatory physiological response from most neurons and glia throughout the vertebrate CNS (Shank and Aprison, 1988). With the development of selective agonists and antagonists, five classes of excitatory amino acid receptors (EAA) have been defined. Three of these receptors have been described by their depolarizing actions (NMDA, Kainate [KA], Quisqualate [QUIS/AMPA]). AMPA has recently been shown to be a more selective agonist for the receptor-ion channel complex (Monaghan et al, 1989). A fourth, the AP4 receptor, appears to represent an inhibitory autoreceptor (Watkins et al, 1990). The fifth receptor (metabotropic), which is activated by trans-ACPD and modifies inositol phosphate metabolism (Palmer et al, 1989), appears to have a role in intracellular calcium regulation (Miller et al., 1992). The distribution of these multiple subtypes of glutamate receptors varies among cell types. The array of glutamate receptors that are found on neurons includes the NMDA receptor which is apparently lacking from the glial composite.
Capillary leak syndrome: etiologies, pathophysiology, and management

In various human diseases, an increase in capillary permeability to proteins leads to the loss of protein-rich fluid from the intravascular to the interstitial space. Although sepsis is the disease most commonly associated with this phenomenon, many other diseases can lead to a "sepsis-like" syndrome with manifestations of diffuse pitting edema, exudative serous cavity effusions, noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, hypotension, and, in some cases, hypovolemic shock with multiple-organ failure. The term capillary leak syndrome has been used to describe this constellation of disease manifestations associated with an increased capillary permeability to proteins. Diseases other than sepsis that can result in capillary leak syndrome include the idiopathic systemic capillary leak syndrome or Clarkson's disease, engraftment syndrome, differentiation syndrome, the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, viral hemorrhagic fevers, autoimmune diseases, snakebite envenomation, and ricin poisoning. Drugs including some interleukins, some monoclonal antibodies, and gemcitabine can also cause capillary leak syndrome. Acute kidney injury is commonly seen in all of these diseases. In addition to hypotension, cytokines are likely to be important in the pathophysiology of acute kidney injury in capillary leak syndrome. Fluid management is a critical part of the treatment of capillary leak syndrome; hypovolemia and hypotension can cause organ injury, whereas capillary leakage of administered fluid can worsen organ edema leading to progressive organ injury. The purpose of this article is to discuss the diseases other than sepsis that produce capillary leak and review their collective pathophysiology and treatment.
Natural History of Patients With Perilesional Edema Around Taenia solium Calcified Granulomas

Background The transient development of perilesional edema (PE) around ≥1 calcification (defined as 1 episode) occurs in about 50% of the patients with recurrent seizures in calcified neurocysticercosis (NCC). We determined the long-term clinical and radiological course of persons undergoing PE episodes. Methods Twenty-one persons with NCC who experienced ≥1 PE episode were followed for a median of 10.6 years (range, 0.4-29.2 years). Clinical evaluations and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed at the time of suggestive symptoms and during routine follow-up. Results PE episodes were documented 78 times, involving 50 of 729 calcifications. Episodes reoccurred in all but 3 persons. The pattern, rate, and number of episodes were variable, commonly chronic, and not significantly associated with time from treatment, number of calcifications, or sex. Seizure was the most common symptom, but almost 30% of episodes were asymptomatic and detected by MRI during routine follow-up. Persons with delayed recurrent episodes were significantly older (age, 42.3 vs 28.8 years; P = .045). Seizures continued to occur in 37.5%, and 2 persons had a severe disabling clinical course. Conclusions The number and timing of PE episodes in individuals with calcified NCC are variable and commonly chronic, sometimes recurring over decades. A minority of patients developed significant disability.
Metformin improves in vivo and in vitro B cell function in individuals with obesity and Type-2 Diabetes

Metformin (MET), the first-line medication for Type-2 Diabetes (T2D), has been shown to reduce chronic inflammation indirectly through reduction of hyperglycemia, or directly acting as anti-inflammatory drug. The effects of MET on B lymphocytes is uncharacterized. In the present study, we measured in vivo and in vitro influenza vaccine responses in 2 groups of T2D patients: recently diagnosed but not taking anti-diabetic drugs, and patients taking MET. Results show that B cell function and vaccine responses, hampered by obesity and T2D, are recovered by MET. Moreover, MET used in vitro to stimulate B cells from recently diagnosed T2D patients is also able to reduce B cell-intrinsic inflammation and increase antibody responses, similar to what we have seen in B cells from patients taking MET, who show increased responses to the influenza vaccine in vivo. These results are the first to show an effect of MET on B cells.
The Impact of Defensive Programming on I/O Cybersecurity Attacks

This paper presents principles of Defensive Programming and examines the growing concern that these principles are not effectively incorporated into Computer Science and related computing degree programs' curricula. To support this concern, Defensive Programming principles are applied to a case study - Cross-site Scripting cybersecurity attacks. This paper concludes that Defensive Programming plays an important role in preventing these attacks and should thus be more aggressively integrated into CS courses such as Programming, Algorithms, Databases, Computer Architecture and Organization, and Computer Networks.
A distributed design of ℋ 2 suboptimal distributed controllers for networked systems

This paper considers the problem of finding a distributed ℋ 2 suboptimal controller of a networked system in a distributed fashion, where both the plant and the controller units are interconnected systems interacting over a bidirectional causal network. A distributed design of ℋ 2 suboptimal distributed control problem is provided using distributed linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). ℋ 2 suboptimal distributed controllers can be found if there exists a feasible solution to these LMIs. These distributed LMIs consist of local and shared variables, and these shared variables are common only with their neighbors. The main contribution of this paper is that while the provided ℋ 2 suboptimal control problem can be solved in a distributed way using distributed LMIs, after solving these LMIs, each node can construct its own full-order sub-controller unit, which is implementable over the given network.
Coronary Artery Disease in CKD: Traditional and Nontraditional Risk Factors, Diagnosis and Management

The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing worldwide and is considered an independent risk factor for the development of coronary artery disease (CAD). Overall, patients with CKD are at significantly higher risk of developing of CAD than those in the general population without CKD. According to the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study and Valsartan in Acute Myocardial Infarction Trial (VALIANT) trial, there is a strong correlation between the estimated GFR (eGFR) and the rate of cardiovascular mortality in patients with eGFR of ≤ 80 cc/min/1.73 m2, and increased event rates even with early CKD. CKD patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) may present differently to patients without CKD. Patients with severe renal dysfunction were more likely to have heart failure upon presentation. The type of ACS presentation also differed between CKD patients when compared to the general population. Acute plaque rupture with transmural ischemia and ST segment elevation MI are less likely in patients with renal impairment. The reduction of circulating LDL with statin therapy in patients with CKD not requiring dialysis has showns a significant reduction in cardiovascular events however according to the 2013 Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines, statin therapy should not be routinely initiated in dialysis patients. Revascularization decisions for dialysis patients should be always individualized. CABG should be attempted in dialysis patients if internal mammary grafting is feasible and PCI may be an alternative therapeutic modality if calculated perioperative mortality and morbidity are high or if IMG cannot be performed.
Enabling Diverse Software Stacks on Supercomputers Using High Performance Virtual Clusters

While large-scale simulations have been the hallmark of the High Performance Computing (HPC) community for decades, Large Scale Data Analytics (LSDA) workloads are gaining attention within the scientific community not only as a processing component to large HPC simulations, but also as standalone scientific tools for knowledge discovery. With the path towards Exascale, new HPC runtime systems are also emerging in a way that differs from classical distributed computing models. However, system software for such capabilities on the latest extreme-scale DOE supercomputing needs to be enhanced to more appropriately support these types of emerging software ecosystems.In this paper, we propose the use of Virtual Clusters on advanced supercomputing resources to enable systems to support not only HPC workloads, but also emerging big data stacks. Specifically, we have deployed the KVM hypervisor within Cray's Compute Node Linux on a XC-series supercomputer testbed. We also use libvirt and QEMU to manage and provision VMs directly on compute nodes, leveraging Ethernet-over-Aries network emulation. To our knowledge, this is the first known use of KVM on a true MPP supercomputer. We investigate the overhead our solution using HPC benchmarks, both evaluating single-node performance as well as weak scaling of a 32-node virtual cluster. Overall, we find single node performance of our solution using KVM on a Cray is very efficient with near-native performance. However overhead increases by up to 20% as virtual cluster size increases, due to limitations of the Ethernet-over-Aries bridged network. Furthermore, we deploy Apache Spark with large data analysis workloads in a Virtual Cluster, effectively demonstrating how diverse software ecosystems can be supported by High Performance Virtual Clusters.
FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA: PREVALENCE AND RISK OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN OLMSTED COUNTY, MINNESOTA

Little is known about epidemiology of Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) in the community. We investigated the prevalence of FH in the population-based setting of Olmsted County, MN, and assessed risk of myocardial infarction (MI) in FH patients compared to the general population of Olmsted County
The Virial Theorem, Its Generalizations and Applications

ABSTRACT This is a set of notes on the following topics: (1) the derivation of the hypervirial relations; (2) the classical virial theorem; (3) e qui partition of energy; (4) the equation of state of gases and liquids; (5) the average electronic potential and kinetic energy; (6) the Schottky relations and the distortion of molecules at high pressures. The following set of notes was prepared because it seems to the author that greater use can be made of the virial theorem and its generalizations. This report is made preliminary to applying the classical hypervirial relations to a variety of problems.
Failure Analysis of Pinch Weld Electrodes

Savannah River Site uses brazed copper/tungsten electrodes for a specialized weld referred to as a pinch weld. An alternative method to produce the pinch weld electrodes was sought to improve quality and to reduce the manufacturing steps. Backcasting of pinch weld electrodes was selected as such a process. During preliminary testing, deformation of the electrodes was observed. A failure analysis assessment was conducted and the strength of the electrodes was found to be significantly less than required to enable welding of the tubes. This assessment includes compression testing metallographic analysis. The pinch weld electrodes fabricated by backcasting do not meet the requirements with respect to strength. In addition, a minimum strength requirement for conventionally prepared electrodes is recommended.
Availability Analysis of Alternative Fuels for Compression Ignition Engine Combustion

Modeling of engine heat release from in-cylinder pressure is a common practice for characterizing engine combustion. Fuel property variation induces changes in engine performance, which can be categorized through heat release modeling. One under-utilized form includes an availability analysis that links changes in fuel properties to the amount of availability extracted as work or lost through inefficiencies. Here, a diagnostic heat release model is used to catalogue both the 1st and 2nd Law behavior of numerous alternative fuels. Conventional engine combustion using diesel, biodiesel, renewable jet fuel, and waste-plastic derived diesel are studied, alongside dual-fuel operation of compressed natural gas (with diesel) and synthesis gas (with biodiesel), allowing for the exploration of combustion with respect to changing fuel properties. In particular, more ideal fuel mixing is generally reflected directly in the 2nd Law efficiency. However, high viscosities largely result in a later availability addition that is not extracted as work. While this availability would be wasted at exhaust blowdown, deliberately increasing later temperatures may be useful if paired with exhaust heat recovery systems. Overall, the 2nd Law model presents these tradeoffs more clearly than a traditional 1st Law analysis; thus, its further use may be warranted in concert with advanced engine combustion modes.
Validation of Enterococcus faecium as a surrogate for Salmonella under different processing conditions for peanuts and pecans.

Abstract Food Safety and Modernization Act (FSMA) Preventive Control rules require nut processors validate thermal processes to ensure a desirable log reduction of Salmonella is achieved. Due to the complex nature of nut and nut products, processes and equipment, it is difficult to use one validation study for all and may requires individual equipment be validated at the plant level. In plant validation studies, pathogens such as Salmonella cannot be used due to the risk of contamination, thus the suitability of a non-pathogenic organism, Enterococcus faecium as a surrogate for Salmonella was evaluated for peanut and pecan thermal processing. Stagnant and forced dry air heating conditions, (120 °C (20, 30, 40 min), 130 °C (10, 20, 30 min), 140 °C (10, 20, 30 min)) were evaluated for unblanched peanut kernels. Oil heating conditions (116 °C, 121 °C, and 127 °C for 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 min) were evaluated for pecan kernels. Inshell pecans are conditioned in hot or cold water to facilitate the shelling process. Water heating conditions (75 °C (20, 40, 80, 120 s), 80 °C (20, 40, 80, 120 s), 85 °C (20, 40, 80, 120 s), 90 °C (20, 40, 60, 80 s), and 95 °C (20, 40, 60, 80 s)) were evaluated for inshell pecans. Under conditions, except forced air treatment, E. faecium reductions (Log N/N0) were either not significantly different (P > 0.05) or significantly lower than Salmonella (P
Finite-size scaling at a topological transition: Bilinear-biquadratic spin-1 chain

We consider a finite-size scaling function across a topological phase transition in one-dimensional models. For models of noninteracting fermions it was shown to be universal for all topological symmetry classes and markedly asymmetric between trivial and topological sides of the transition [T. Gulden, M. Janas, Y. Wang, and A. Kamenev, Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 026402 (2016)]. Here we verify its universality for the topological transition between dimerized and Haldane phases in bilinear-biquadratic spin-1 chain. To this end we perform high-accuracy variational matrix product state simulations. We show that the scaling function, expressed in terms of $L/\ensuremath{\xi}$, where $L$ is the chain length and $\ensuremath{\xi}$ is the correlation length, coincides with that of three species of noninteracting massive Majorana fermions. The latter is known to be a proper description of the conformal critical theory with central charge $c=3/2$. We have shown that it still holds away from the conformal point, including the finite-size corrections. We have also observed peculiar differences between even- and odd-size chains, which may be fully accounted for by residual interactions of the edge states.
Tourette Syndrome: Animal Models

Animal models that may advance Tourette syndrome (TS) drug discovery are discussed, and explicate mechanisms of TS therapies ranging from habit reversal to deep brain stimulation. Other models reveal how candidate TS genes impact neural function, and how aberrant neuronal development or immune function might contribute to some forms of TS.
Stand Up, Show Respect: Athlete Activism, Nationalistic Attitudes, and Emotional Response

The number of athlete social protests has risen over the past several years, but no protest has touched a collective national nerve as kneeling for the national anthem has. Using the theoretical framework of social identity theory, this study examined how nationalistic attitudes affect participants’ perceptions of athletes who engage in a form of activism. A 2 × 3 between-subjects factorial design was used for a manipulated newspaper article focusing on the issue of a college quarterback kneeling for the national anthem. Results found no significant effects with respect to implicit and explicit racial cues. Data did support the notion that individuals who displayed higher levels of nationalism would respond with more negative emotions to the athlete activism. On a theoretical level, this study lends support to the ideas of social identity theory and social identity threat management. Broader social and practical implications are also discussed.
Microvascular clamp technique as a reversible simulation of parathyroid gland excision

Abstract Introduction This study demonstrates the effectiveness of a microvascular clamp to simulate parathyroid adenoma excision with respect to intraoperative parathyroid hormone (ioPTH) changes in vivo. Methods Cases in which microvascular clamps were employed intraoperatively in conjunction with intraoperative parathyroid hormone(ioPTH) assays were reviewed. ioPTH values were recorded throughout these procedures to assess the efficacy and reversibility of tissue ischemia using microvascular clamps. Results Application of a microvascular clamp across the vascular pedicle of a parathyroid adenoma resulted in a significant ioPTH drop in 95% of cases (N = 20). Removal of the clamp resulted in complete or partial rebound of ioPTH in 90% of cases (N = 20). Conclusion The use of a microvascular clamp to temporarily occlude a parathyroid gland’s vascular pedicle is an effective simulation of gland excision with respect to ioPTH changes. Rebound of ioPTH levels after clamp removal demonstrates that this technique is generally reversible. Level of evidence 2b, Retrospective cohort study.
Framing #MeToo: Assessing the Power and Unintended Consequences of a Social Media Movement to Address Sexual Assault

This chapter applies framing to the #MeToo movement to better understand the ways in which the #MeToo frame creates meanings and influences certain perspectives and actions regarding the issue of sexual assault. A “frame” is a “central organizing idea” that provides meaning to and generally guides how issues are understood. As people are increasingly living online and using mobile devices, social media has become a predominant way for people to express themselves, interact with others, and learn what is going on in the world. In the Fall of 2017 millions of social media users affixed the phrase #MeToo to their experiences of being sexually assaulted and harassed. The collection of responses spurred a cultural movement that has illuminated the universality of sexual assault and harassment. The #MeToo movement has encouraged victims to break their silence about the abuse they have suffered. Social media empowers individuals by giving them a voice. It provides a forum where people can disclose their sexual assault, connect with allies, and secure resources. Unintended consequences of the #MeToo movement are discussed with regard to their impact on politics, identity, policy, and gender relations Social media is discussed in terms of its potential advantages and risks as a justice-seeking tool.
Insurgent Vigilantism and Drug War in Mexico

The proliferation of armed, anti-crime self-defence groups (autodefensas) in Mexico since 2013 has sparked renewed scholarly interest in vigilantism and the politics of collective violence more gen...
O25 Bodacious Broccoli: Assessing Preschool-Aged Children's Liking and Acceptance of Broccoli in Different Cooking Forms

Background Current literature suggests early childhood is a crucial time for establishing healthy eating habits. These behaviors often extend into adulthood. Most children in US eat below recommended amounts of fruits/vegetables. Current nutrition education interventions may not be effective in reaching target intake. Objective To measure if altering cooking form for broccoli affects children's liking, desire to consume again, and interest in making again. Broccoli was chosen because it has been reported to be America's favorite vegetable, is affordable, and available throughout the year. Study Design, Setting, Participants A 3 × 2 design with cooking form (raw with dip, pizza, soup), presented in 3 culinary tasting lessons, with binary rating (thumbs up or thumbs down) for 3 assessment questions. Raw broccoli was used as a control. A convenience sample of 4-year-old preschoolers from a variety of race and ethnic backgrounds (n = 17, 35% M). Measurable Outcome/Analysis Dichotomous rating measures for acceptance, likelihood to eat again, and desire to make recipe at home were examined for the 3 cooking forms of broccoli and control. Frequencies examined percentage of preschoolers that accepted, were likely to eat again, and desired to make at home for 3 broccoli cooking forms and control. T-tests were performed to test for significant difference between each of the 3 cooking forms and the control. Results For the 3 main outcome measures: acceptance (77%), likelihood to eat again (82%), desire to make at home (100%), the largest percentage of preschoolers chose broccoli pizza. There was a significant difference in outcome measures for all cooking forms compared to the control (P Conclusion Offering broccoli on pizza is a method to increase acceptance of broccoli, likelihood to eat it again, and desire to make at home. The results of this study adds to the body of research on how to encourage children to eat more broccoli, to meet recommended amounts of vegetables, by offering it in other forms than raw. Funding Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.
Treatment-resistant depression: An overview for psychiatric advanced practice nurses.

Purpose Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) can require complex management. The purpose of this paper is to provide an update on the hypothesized neurobiology of depression, and to describe treatment options for patients impacted by TRD. Conclusions Recent neurobiological findings support the use of augmenting pharmacological agents, neuromodulation techniques, and esketamine as effective in achieving remission for those with TRD. Practice implications First-line interventions for depression can be safely managed by primary care providers. Psychiatric advanced practice nurses must be well versed and capable of treating more complicated cases, including TRD, that may require second- or third-line approaches.
A sexual dimorphism in the spatial vision of band-winged grasshoppers

Visual acuity (VA) --- a measurement of the fineness or coarseness of vision --- correlates with the size of an animal, with larger species often possessing sharper vision. However, it is unknown whether the same relationship between visual acuity and size holds within a species when individuals differ consistently and substantially in size, such as through a sexual size dimorphism. Here we examine the visual acuity of three species of sexually dimorphic band-winged grasshoppers, in which females are the larger sex (Arphia pseudonietana, Dissosteira carolina, and Spharagemon equale; total n = 98). Using a radius of curvature estimation method, we find that females have ~21% finer vision in the most acute region and axis of the eye than do males. Further explorations of the eyes of the species showing the greatest size dimorphism (D. carolina) suggest that this VA dimorphism is driven by females having larger eyes with more ommatidia. In contrast to many flying insects where males have finer vision to acquire mates, our study is one of the first to demonstrate a female-biased sexual dimorphism in acuity. Given the number of species in which females are larger than males, our results suggest that differences in VA between the sexes may be more common than currently appreciated.
Incidence and Treatment Efficacy of Trigger Finger in the Breast Cancer Population on Aromatase Inhibitors.

BackgroundTrigger finger is a common hand complaint of the general population. Limited literature exists implicating a low-estrogen state in patients on aromatase inhibitor (AI) therapy for breast ...
What does the patient with back pain want? A comparison of patient preferences and physician assumptions.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUD CONTEXT Low back pain can be difficult to diagnose, leaving patients frustrated and confused after medical visits. PURPOSE To evaluate the importance of reasons for seeking care in patients with back pain, and to compare this to physicians’ assumptions about these patients’ reasons. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING Prospective survey study carried out at two Academic Spine Centers. PATIENT SAMPLE A sum of 419 patients with back pain upon initial presentation to a spine clinic, and 198 physicians; all volunteered to complete a survey. OUTCOME MEASURES Variance in mean values between patient and physician responders with significance determined by non-overlapping 95% confidence intervals. METHODS Patients were asked to “rate each of the following with regard to their importance to you” (answering between 0 “not important” to 4 “extremely important”): improvement in level of pain, improvement in ability to perform daily tasks, explanation of what is causing your problem, thorough physical examination, diagnostic testing, medication, physical therapy, surgery. Physicians were asked to rate each of these “with regard to their importance to your patients.” RESULTS Patients indicated the following items were the most important (mean values): explanation of what is causing your problem (3.27), improvement in level of pain (3.48) and improvement in ability to perform daily tasks (3.31). Patients attributed the least importance and lowest scores to: surgery (1.07) and medication (1.89). Comparing the mean values to each item by patient and physician responders revealed statistically significant differences in certain items. Specifically, physicians underestimated the importance of an explanation of what is causing the problem (2.78±0.119 vs. 3.28±0.098, 95% CI) and overvalued diagnostic tests (2.64±0.120 vs. 2.30±0.147, 95% CI), medications (2.38±0.118 vs. 1.89± 0.143, 95% CI) and surgery (1.60±0.126 vs. 1.07±0.140, 95% CI). CONCLUSION Patients did not place as much importance on diagnostic tests, medications and surgery as the physicians assumed. Physicians understand that back pain patients want improvement in both pain and function, but they underestimate the importance of an explanation for the pain.
The General Intellect and the Struggle over the Knowledge Economy

The left sees struggles over the knowledge economy as battles for what Marx called the “general intellect.” After clarifying that capital has always expropriated knowledge, the chapter shows the role of the general intellect in the transformation from Fordism to post-Fordism, as socialist and anti-colonial struggles claimed a stake in the general intellect and capital worked back to repress and enclose the movements. It also, however, absorbed the demands of the movements in perverted form. It then shows how post-Fordism depends on the general intellect and how left theorists of the general intellect end up reinforcing the knowledge economy’s demand for more and more knowledge, despite the incalculability of knowledge.
Dynein acts to cluster glutamate receptors and traffic the PIP5 kinase, Skittles, to regulate postsynaptic membrane organization at the neuromuscular junction

Cytoplasmic dynein is essential in motoneurons for retrograde cargo transport that sustains neuronal connectivity. Little, however, is known about dynein9s function on the postsynaptic side of the circuit. Here we report distinct postsynaptic roles for dynein at neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). Intriguingly, we show that dynein punctae accumulate postsynaptically at glutamatergic synaptic terminals. Moreover, Skittles, a phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase that produces PI(4,5)P2 to organize the spectrin cytoskeleton, also localizes specifically to glutamatergic synaptic terminals. Depletion of postsynaptic dynein disrupts the accumulation of Skittles, PI(4,5)P2 phospholipid, and organization of the spectrin cytoskeleton at the postsynaptic membrane. Coincidental with dynein depletion, we observe an increase in the clusters size of ionotropic glutamate receptor (iGluR), and an increase in the amplitude and frequency of mEJPs. However, PI(4,5)P2 levels do not affect iGluR clustering and dynein does not affect the protein levels of iGluR subunits at the NMJ, suggesting a separate, transport independent function for dynein in iGluR cluster organization. As dynein punctae closely associate with iGluR clusters, we propose that dynein physically tethers iGluR clusters at the postsynaptic membrane to ensure proper synaptic transmission.
The Fourth Wall of Professional Learning and Cultures of Collaboration

Recent innovations in professional development are rife with a wide array of efforts focused on teacher collaboration. In this essay, we address some of the unexamined assumptions about the nature ...
Gender Imperialism in Academia

“Sisterhood” white sister told me all women are one united in de face of chau’vism. (paa’don my engilis) -- Uwechia, 28/7/90 Language and conceptual ideas can be dramatic sites of violence imperial activities in which the humanity of others’ are violated.
Considerations for Pulse Wave Analysis: Side Selection and Peripheral Arterial Blood Pressure Calibration

BACKGROUND: As independent predictors of future cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, central arterial blood pressure and wave reflection characteristics derived non-invasively have been increasi...
Etiology of Blindness: An Overview of and Selected Resources for Librarians

Focusing on one area of medical concern, blindness, this article serves as a guide for print and electronic resources emphasizing the causes, signs, symptoms, treatment, prognosis, and prevention of specific eye diseases and disorders. Following a bibliography format, the selected resources include: (1) medical dictionaries, (2) medical and consumer health print resources, (3) medical journals, (4) brochures, (5) professional organizations, and (6) Web sites. This paper concludes with the abbreviated definitions of the predominant eye diseases leading to visual impairment and blindness.
Na(+)-dependent, concentrative nucleoside transport in rat macrophages. Specificity for natural nucleosides and nucleoside analogs, including dideoxynucleosides, and comparison of nucleoside transport in rat, mouse and human macrophages.

Abstract The effects of natural nucleosides and various analogs thereof on Na + -dependent, concentrative transport of formycin B by cultured rat macrophages were investigated. Concentrative transport is the sole nucleoside transport system of these cells. The results indicated that uridine, 5′-fluorouridine, all natural purine nucleosides, 2-chloroadenosine and 5′-deoxyadenosine are efficient substrates for the transporter. None of nine other pyrimidine nucleosides was transported. 3′-Deoxy-adenosine, 2′,3′-dideoxyadenosine, 8-azidoadenosine, tubercidin, 5′-methylthioadenosine 6-mercaptopurine riboside and adenosine arabinoside were either poor substrates or not transported significantly. The substrate activity of some of the natural nucleosides and the lack of substrate activity of 3′-deoxyadenosine, 2′,3′-dideoxyadenosine, 8-azidoadenosin and 2′,3′-dideoxycytidine were confirmed by direct uptake measurements. No significant concentrative nucleoside transport was detected in cultured human monocytes/macrophages, whereas mouse macrophages possessed both concentrative and equilibrate nucleoside transporters.
Metaproteomics: Extracting and Mining Proteome Information to Characterize Metabolic Activities in Microbial Communities

Contemporary microbial ecology studies usually employ one or more "omics" approaches to investigate the structure and function of microbial communities. Among these, metaproteomics aims to characterize the metabolic activities of the microbial membership, providing a direct link between the genetic potential and functional metabolism. The successful deployment of metaproteomics research depends on the integration of high-quality experimental and bioinformatic techniques for uncovering the metabolic activities of a microbial community in a way that is complementary to other "meta-omic" approaches. The essential, quality-defining informatics steps in metaproteomics investigations are: (1) construction of the metagenome, (2) functional annotation of predicted protein-coding genes, (3) protein database searching, (4) protein inference, and (5) extraction of metabolic information. In this article, we provide an overview of current bioinformatic approaches and software implementations in metaproteome studies in order to highlight the key considerations needed for successful implementation of this powerful community-biology tool.
Configuring a large LAN for TCP/IP, Appletalk, and IPX

This paper discusses a particular network configuration plan used at New Mexico State University which enables us to effectively manage IP, Appletalk, and IPX. The network addressing scheme is based on an IP configuration of the network. From this configuration we derive Appletalk and IPX configurations. In this manner, we configure the network only once, and benefit from this configuration each time that we implement another network protocol. This configuration has helped us manage a network supporting 5000 hosts in 100 buildings at five geographically distinct locations. We believe that our network addressing scheme is simple and, hence, easy to administer. As we demonstrate in this paper, our scheme is easily applicable to other protocols and, therefore, can be a benefit to network managers.
The Development and Challenges of China’s Futures Markets

The futures market in China started in the early 1990s as the economic reform deepened. After two decades of development, there are now four futures exchanges: Shanghai Futures Exchange, Dalian Commodity Exchange, Zhengzhou Commodity Exchange, and China Financial Futures Exchange. Product innovations and regulatory changes largely contribute to the rapid expansion of the market. Several futures contracts are now among the most active contracts in the world market. With development of its futures market and efforts to open up the market to investors overseas, China’s pricing power in the global commodity market has improved over time.