cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Special Book Review Section on the Classics of Management

This article introduces a special book review section on management classics. The section reviews: “Scientific Management,” by Frederick W. Taylor, “The Writings of the Gilbreths,” edited by William R. Spriegel and Clark E. Myers, “Dynamic Administration: The Collected Works of Mary Parker Follett,” edited by Henry C. Metcalf and L. Urwick, “General and Industrial Management,” by Henri Fayol, “The Functions of the Executive,” by Chester I. Barnard, and “Management and the Worker,” by F.J. Roethlisberger and William J. Dickson.
The composition of the lunar highlands - Evidence from modal and normative plagioclase contents in anorthositic lithic fragments and glasses.

Abstract Modal analyses of 33 crystalline anorthositic fragments from Apollo 11 soil sample 10085,24 are reported. Their plagioclase contents range from ∼48 – 100 wt %, with a broad peak at about 80 wt %. These compositions contrast with those of anorthositic glass particles that are present in the soil at every landing site. The latter have a smaller range of compositions and average about 70 wt % normative plagioclase; they are chemically equivalent to anorthositic gabbros. The results of the Surveyor VII alpha-scattering experiment and the Apollo 15 X-ray fluorescence measurements indicate that the lunar highlands are more heterogenous than the anorthositic glass data indicate, and at least two regions have substantially higher Al/Si ratios (0.78 and 0.73) than the glass (0.66). These areas are thus more feldspar-rich than the glass fragments, and so are more similar to the region sampled by the Apollo 11 crystalline anorthosites. It is concluded that the fragments of crystalline anorthosites present a more realistic picture of the composition of the lunar highlands than do the glasses. Data on the relative abundances of crystalline particles and their chemically equivalent glasses in Apollo 12 and Apollo 14 soil show that glass particles are distributed over much wider areas of the Moon than are crystalline fragments. The anorthositic gabbro glass, therefore, may have been formed by a few impacts, possibly only one, that dispersed glass fragments over large areas of the lunar surface.
Make It or Break It—Women's Career Interruptions in the Age of Professional Migration: Analysis of German Female Migrants to the United States

This research focuses on women's career interruptions as a result of their husbands' professional assignment to a foreign country. Migration is viewed as having a long lasting impact on women's car...
A NON‐PARAMETRIC MEASURE OF POVERTY ELASTICITY

We estimate the growth elasticity of poverty (GEP) using recently developed non-parametric panel methods and the most up-to-date and extensive poverty data from the World Bank, which exceeds 500 observations in size and represents more than 96 percent of the developing world's population. Unlike previous studies which rely on parametric models, we employ a non-parametric approach which captures the non-linearity in the relationship between growth, inequality, and poverty. We find that the growth elasticity of poverty is higher for countries with fairly equal income distributions, and declines in nations with greater income disparities. Moreover, when controlling for differences in estimation technique, we find that the reported values of the GEP in the literature (based on the World Bank's now-defunct 1993-PPP based poverty data) are systematically larger in magnitude than estimates based on the latest 2005-PPP based data.
Maternal Screening and Treatment for Group B Streptococcus

Maternal group B streptococcus colonization can result in complications for both mother and fetus. There are two protocols for decreasing the risk of infection: antenatal cultures and intrapartum risk-factor screening. Compliance with guidelines improves with the active participation of nurses who monitor women at risk, notify clinicians when treatment is appropriate, and provide patient support and education.
Single-cell analysis reveals early manifestation of cancerous phenotype in pre-malignant esophageal cells.

Cellular heterogeneity plays a pivotal role in a variety of functional processes in vivo including carcinogenesis. However, our knowledge about cell-to-cell diversity and how differences in individual cells manifest in alterations at the population level remains very limited mainly due to the lack of appropriate tools enabling studies at the single-cell level. We present a study on changes in cellular heterogeneity in the context of pre-malignant progression in response to hypoxic stress. Utilizing pre-malignant progression of Barrett’s esophagus (BE) as a disease model system we studied molecular mechanisms underlying the progression from metaplastic to dysplastic (pre-cancerous) stage. We used newly developed methods enabling measurements of cell-to-cell differences in copy numbers of mitochondrial DNA, expression levels of a set of mitochondrial and nuclear genes involved in hypoxia response pathways, and mitochondrial membrane potential. In contrast to bulk cell studies reported earlier, our study shows significant differences between metaplastic and dysplastic BE cells in both average values and single-cell parameter distributions of mtDNA copy numbers, mitochondrial function, and mRNA expression levels of studied genes. Based on single-cell data analysis, we propose that mitochondria may be one of the key factors in pre-malignant progression in BE.
A Quantum Mechanical Approach to the Velocity of Dislocations in Ice

A quantum mechanical formulation is used to calculate the velocity of a kink on an otherwise straight dislocation line in ice. Treating the kink as a quasi-particle there exists the probability that it can tunnel through the potential barrier caused by unfavorable positions of the protons on the site just ahead of it. By unfavorable it is meant that the protons are arranged such that point defects occur if the kink proceeds. When an external stress is applied to the system there will be a net drift of the kink which advances the dislocation. The drift velocity thus calculated is in agreement with experimental evidence.
Equivalent circuit models of via interactions in electronics packaging

This paper presents the SPICE-type of equivalent circuit models for via interactions between conducting planes. These equivalent circuit models are derived from the radial transmission line theory. Transient simulation results from SPICE with our models are in excellent agreement with those from the inverse Fourier transformation of frequency domain solutions. These models can be used in various applications, such as the simulation of Delta-I noise in electronics packaging. >
Furthering the Environmental Turn

Paul Sutter’s essay offers a thoughtful and perceptive discussion of trends in the field of environmental history over the last two decades. Faced with the task of synthesizing a disparate literature, Sutter identifies two key theoretical developments: the conceptualization of landscapes and environments as hybrid rather than as either natural or social, and the move toward a more complex notion of agency. He then discusses in more detail four topical themes and key works. He offers a reading list—and an excellent one. However, when he turns to the larger questions—why and whither environmental history?—Sutter becomes ambivalent, even angst-ridden, calling for a moral reengagement and a “course correction.” He is concerned that with the turn toward the hybrid, environmental history may have lost its ambition and perhaps even its soul. In the 1990 Journal of American History round table on environmental history, Donald Worster had a clear answer to those same questions. Drawing on ecological science, the unorthodox Marxism of Karl Wittfogel, and the cultural ecology of Julian Steward and Marvin Harris, Worster argued that the nascent field’s greatest contribution lay in studying how people obtained their living from the land and its concomitant environmental effects. Worster called for a focus on the productive landscapes that had grounded various human communities, but he was also advocating a mode of practice that would ask big questions and apply similar techniques to different times and places. The implication was that one day scholars would synthesize the insights of environmental history and point out its lessons for how contemporary humans should inhabit the earth. Worster called for a narrowly focused scholarship with a grand social ambition; Sutter summarizes a field that is diverse but in his view too modest. At the end of the essay, he urges a return to the “grand narrative of environmental decline” and to the task of prescribing “normative” relationships between human beings and nature. While I share Sutter’s environmental angst and his desire for an ambitious environmental history, I disagree on the path the field should follow.
Development and Application of Cell-penetrating Peptides

Intracellular transduction of hydrophilic macromolecules has been problematic owing to the biochemical restriction imposed by lipid bilayer of the cytoplasmic membrane. Several technologies have been developed to improve the intracellular delivery of the large molecules for therapeutic purpose, including cell penetrating peptide. Cell penetrating peptides or cell permeable peptides (CPPs) were initially discovered based on the potency of certain full-length proteins or proteins to translocate across the plasma membrane. Currently, CPPs are broadly applied for intracellular delivery of biologically functional molecules in vivo and vitro, varying from small molecules, peptides, proteins, liposomes and nucleic acids. With introducing the history and characteristics of CPPs, this review will focus on the intracellular transduction mechanism and application of CPPs.
Recreational drugs and sexual behavior in the Chicago MACS/CCS cohort of homosexually active men

Since initial reports emerged of an association between recreational drug use and high-risk sexual behaviors in gay men, there has been interest in studying this relationship for its relevance to behavioral interventions. Reported here are the longitudinal patterns of alcohol and recreational drug use in the Chicago Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS)/Coping and Change Study (CCS) of gay men. A pattern of decreasing drug use over 6 years was observed that paralleled a decline in high-risk sexual behavior (i.e., unprotected anal intercourse). In contrast, alcohol consumption tended to be more stable over time, and to show no relationship to sexual behavior change. Men who combined volatile nitrite (popper) use with other recreational drugs were at highest risk both behaviorally and in terms of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) seroconversion throughout the study. Popper use also was associated independently with lapse from safer sexual behaviors (failure to use a condom during receptive anal sex). Use of other recreational substances showed no relationship to sexual behavior change patterns, and stopping popper use was unrelated to improvement in safer sexual behavior. When popper use and lapse from safer sex were reanalyzed, controlling for primary relationship status, popper use was associated with failure to use condoms during receptive anal sex among nonmonogamous men only. These findings suggest an association between popper use and high-risk sexual behavior among members of the Chicago MACS/CCS cohort that has relevance to HIV prevention intervention efforts.
Screening CT Angiography for Pediatric Blunt Cerebrovascular Injury with Emphasis on the Cervical “Seatbelt Sign”

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: There are no standard screening guidelines to evaluate blunt cerebrovascular injury in children. The purpose of this retrospective study was to understand the clinical and radiologic risk factors associated with pediatric blunt cerebrovascular injury on CTA of the neck with primary attention to the cervical “seatbelt sign.” MATERIALS AND METHODS: Radiology reports from 2002 to 2012 were queried for the examination “CTA neck.” The electronic medical record was reviewed for mechanism of injury, Glasgow Coma Scale score, and physical examination findings. Radiology reports from adjunct radiographic studies were reviewed. CTA neck examinations with reported blunt cerebrovascular injury were reviewed to confirm imaging findings. Patients with penetrating injury or those without a history of trauma were excluded. RESULTS: Four hundred sixty-three patients underwent CTA of the neck; 137 had blunt trauma. Forty-two of 85 patients involved in a motor vehicle collision had a cervical seatbelt sign; none had blunt cerebrovascular injury. Nine vessels (4 vertebral arteries, 4 ICAs, 1 common carotid artery) in 8 patients ultimately were diagnosed with various grades (I–IV) of blunt cerebrovascular injury, representing 5.8% (8/137) of the population screened for blunt neck trauma. The mean Glasgow Coma Scale score was significantly lower (P = .02) in the blunt cerebrovascular injury group versus the non-blunt cerebrovascular injury group. Although not statistically significant, patients with blunt cerebrovascular injury had a higher tendency to have additional traumatic injuries, primarily basilar skull fractures (P = .05) and intracranial hemorrhage (P = .13). CONCLUSIONS: A common indication for neck CTA, the cervical seatbelt sign, was not associated with blunt cerebrovascular injury. With the exception of Glasgow Coma Scale score, no single risk factor was statistically significant in predicting vascular injury in this series.
Quantum-mechanical theory of CD for infinite helical polymers

Quantum-mechanical equations are derived that are particularly well suited to actual computations of the CD for helical polymers. They make use of cyclic boundary conditions and helical symmetry, so that only two matrices with a size equal to the number of transitions considered need be diagonalized. The final equations are expressed directly in terms of monomer properties and helical parameters to invite the same input as earlier calculations, and are given as a rotational strength times a shape function for ease of comparison with the earlier work. The shape of the helix term is expressed as a derivative with respect to ω and depends on the distance between monomers along the helix axis. Other terms involving two electric transition dipoles depend on the distance from the helix axis to the transition center. These equations are directly comparable to the classical equations derived for cyclic boundary conditions and helical symmetry. We present an outline of the derivation and enough intermediate steps to clarify how the equations arise.
Research Notes. The Relationships Among Self-Supervision, Structure, and Technology in Professional Service Organizations

The article examines the relationships among self-supervision, structure and technology in professional service organizations. In self-supervision, the transfer of functions to employees that tradi...
Enriching Geropsychiatric Nursing in Advanced Practice Nursing Programs

The need for advanced practice nurses with knowledge and skills in geropsychiatric nursing is real and looming larger than ever. By 2030, the number of older adults with major psychiatric illnesses is predicted to reach 15 million. Preparing advanced practice nurses with mental health and geropsychiatric nursing expertise is essential. This paper describes three innovative curricular models for addressing geropsychiatric nursing in graduate advanced practice nursing programs. These models can be implemented with vision, planning, modest resources, and the cooperation of the faculty.
Electron propagator calculations on the ionization energies of CrH−, MnH− and FeH−

Abstract Electron propagator calculations with unrestricted Hartree-Fock reference states yield the ionization energies of the title anions. Spin contamination in the anionic reference state is small, enabling the use of second-and third-order self-energies in the Dyson equation. Feynman-Dyson amplitudes for these ionizations are essentially identical to canonical spin-orbitals. For most of the final states, these consist of an antibonding combination of an sp metal hybrid, polarized away from the hydrogen, and hydroegen s functions. In one case, the Feynman-Dyson amplitude consists of nonbonding d functions. Calculated ionization energies are within 0.5 eV of experiment.
Assessment of growth factor effects on post-thaw development of cryopreserved mouse morulae to the blastocyst stage

The objective of this study was to assess the influence of specific factors on post-thaw development of mouse cryopreserved morulae. Thawed morulae (n = 206) were randomly distributed between 10 treatment groups: medium alone control (CT), Vero (VR) cells, leukaemia inhibitory factor (1 ng/ml), interleukin-6 (1 ng/ml), transforming growth factor (TGF) alpha (2 ng/ml), epidermal growth factor (EGF) (4 ng/ml), platelet-derived growth factor (1 ng/ml), insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I (30 ng/ml), IGF-II (1 ng/ml) and TGFbeta (2 ng/ml). At 4, 8, 20, 30 and 48 h, a digitized image of each thawed embryo was captured and stored for later analysis. The following parameters were examined: blastocoel formation, blastocyst expansion, zona thickness and hatching. At termination of the experiment, cell number per embryo was determined by bisbenzimide staining. When contrasted to the medium alone control, co-culture consistently accelerated the development of frozen-thawed morulae to the hatched blastocyst stage, allowing embryos to recover rapidly from any damage sustained during the cryopreservation process. While no single growth factor/cytokine was able to completely mimic the results achieved with co-culture, all of the growth factors impacted positively on at least one of the morphological parameters studied. Cell proliferation was significantly stimulated by just 48 h exposure to growth factors, either through co-culture or by direct media supplementation. Co-culture again yielded the best results with a mean cell count of 217 +/- 76 cells per blastocyst as compared with 131 +/- 36 in control medium alone. Amongst the factors tested, IGF-I, IGF-II and EGF had the greatest impact, with mean cell counts of 172 +/- 50, 168 +/- 50 and 179 +/- 55 respectively. Whereas only 5% of CT embryos developed to blastocysts with > 200 cells, 51% of thawed embryos placed on co-culture monolayers and 25-32% of embryos cultured with IGF-I, IGF-II or EGF had > 200 cells. This study for the first time systematically describes the effect of culture regimen and growth factor additives on the post-thaw development of cryopreserved embryos.
Microwave spectroscopy of molecular ions

Abstract In this paper a brief overview of the research in microwave spectroscopy of molecular ions done at the University of Wisconsin will be given, with major emphasis on work done in the past year. Five molecular ions (CO + , HCO + , HNN + , HCS + , and HOC + ) have been studied in this work, and all of them have also been detected by radioastronomy. Molecular structures (r s for HCO + , HOC + , and HNN + and r e for HCO + ) have been determined and important dynamical information has been obtained from pressure broadened linewidths (Δν/P), Doppler shifts, and relative intensity data. In particular the Δν/P values have been shown to correspond to the Langevin cross-section, indicating the monopole-induced dipole interaction is the pertinent intermolecular force.
Toll-Like Receptor 4 Mediates Innate Immune Responses to Haemophilus influenzae Infection in Mouse Lung

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been implicated in the regulation of host responses to microbial Ags. This study characterizes the role of TLR4 in the innate immune response to intrapulmonary administration of Haemophilus influenzae in the mouse. Two different strains of mice efficiently cleared aerosolized H. influenzae concurrent with a brisk elaboration of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, macrophage-inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, and MIP-2 in bronchoalveolar lavage and a corresponding mobilization of intrapulmonary neutrophils. Congenic strains of mice deficient in TLR4 demonstrated a substantial delay in clearance of H. influenzae with diminished IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MIP-1α, and MIP-2 in bronchoalveolar lavage and a notable absence of intrapulmonary neutrophils. In TLR4-expressing animals, but not TLR4-deficient animals, TNF-α and MIP-1α expression was up-regulated in epithelial cells of the conducting airway in response to H. influenzae which was preceded by an apparent activation of the NF-κB pathway in these cells based on the findings of decreased overall IκB and an increase in its phosphorylated form. This study demonstrates a critical role of TLR4 in mediating an effective innate immune response to H. influenzae in the lung. This suggests that the airway epithelia might contribute to sensing of H. influenzae infection and signaling the innate immune response.
A Review of: “The Theory of Critical Distances: A New Perspective in Fracture Mechanics, David Taylor”

In this book, the author elegantly presents and elaborately discusses the theory of material behavior. This particular theory is capable of predicting a range of different types of failure caused b...
Effects of Rosemary Extracts on the Reduction of Heterocyclic Amines in Beef Patties

: The effects of rosmarinic acid and a rosemary antioxidant powder were evaluated on the reduction and mutagenicity of MeIQx, PhIP, and comutagens norharman and harman in beef patties fried at 375 °F for 5 min each side and 400 °F for 7.5 min each side. Both rosemary extracts were found to effectively decrease the formation and overall mutagenic activity of heterocyclic amines (HCAs) due to their antioxidative characteristics. At the lower temperature, rosmarinic acid was able to reduce MeIQx by up to 64% and PhIP by 48%, while rosemary powder reduced the formations of MeIQx up to 69% and PhIP up to 66%. The effects of the rosemary extracts were more dramatic when cooking temperature and time were increased, as rosmarinic acid was able to reduce MeIQx formation up to 70% and PhIP up to 64%; also, rosemary powder significantly reduced MeIQx up to 57% and PhIP up to 77%. The overall mutagenic activity was evaluated by the Ames Salmonella assay and both rosemary extracts were capable of reducing mutagenicity in beef patties at the higher cooking temperature of 400 °F. At 375 °F there was an insignificant trend of the rosemary extracts decreasing the number of Salmonella revertants. There was no significant inhibiting effect by any of the rosemary extracts on the formation of either norharman and harman as measured in this study.
Endurance running and the evolution of homo

Striding bipedalism is a key derived behaviour of hominids that possibly originated soon after the divergence of the chimpanzee and human lineages. Although bipedal gaits include walking and running, running is generally considered to have played no major role in human evolution because humans, like apes, are poor sprinters compared to most quadrupeds. Here we assess how well humans perform at sustained long-distance running, and review the physiological and anatomical bases of endurance running capabilities in humans and other mammals. Judged by several criteria, humans perform remarkably well at endurance running, thanks to a diverse array of features, many of which leave traces in the skeleton. The fossil evidence of these features suggests that endurance running is a derived capability of the genus Homo, originating about 2 million years ago, and may have been instrumental in the evolution of the human body form.
A Black Robe and Healing Words: Constants in a Changing World

This narrative article describes a bedside hospital hearing to compel surgery, notes the applicable legal standards, and considers the potential impact of the judge in this type of proceeding. The patient, whose back was badly burned, adamantly and vocally refused skin graft surgery. Her physicians believed she lacked decisional capacity; that belief was borne out during the hearing at which the judge did enter an order for surgery. The judge’s handling of the hearing was central to the patient’s expressed agreement with the decision and subsequent successful treatment.
Rates of return on capital across the world: are they converging?

This article estimates levels and identifies trends in the profitability of capital in a broad sample of developed, developing and post-communist transition economies making up over 80% of global output. The underlying distributional and efficiency determinants of profitability are considered in the Marxian analytical framework. For the period of 1995–2007 leading to the Great Recession, our estimates indicate a trend towards convergence of national profit rates largely driven by the convergence of profitability in developing and transition economies. During this period, the level of profit rates in all groups of countries experienced growth with the global capital-weighted rate of profit increasing by approximately 50%. The main contributor to this growth in all groups of countries was the increase in average productivity of capital, measured by output-capital ratio. In developed and transition economies, the increase in profit shares of national income and the decline in the relative price of capital goods also contributed to profitability growth. In the same period for developing countries, profit shares and relative prices were relatively stable.
E12@@@SOIL-SURFACE APPLIED SYSTEMIC INSECTICIDES FOR CONTROL OF SWEETPOTATO WHITEFLY IN BROCCOLI, 2011

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of several soil systemic insecticides applied as bed-top banded spray applications against sweetpotato whitefly. Broccoli ‘Emerald Crown’ was direct seeded into double row beds on 42 inch centers on 25 Aug, 2011. Plots were one bed wide by 35 ft long and bordered by one untreated bed. Stand establishment was achieved using overhead sprinkler irrigation, and irrigated with furrow irrigation thereafter. Four replications of each treatment were arranged in a RCB design. Product formulations and rates for each spray program are provided in the table. The soil insecticides were applied as a surface-band treatment using a single-row boom equipped with 1 flat fan nozzle (8004VS) oriented parallel with the seed line and calibrated to deliver 25 gallons of spray per acre at 40 psi. A 2-3 inch spray band was placed directly over each seed line immediately following planting. The insecticides were incorporated into the soil using sprinkler irrigation that is commonly employed for seed germination during stand establishment. Evaluations of SWF control was estimated by counting the number of total nymphs on two, 2-cm disk sections taken from 2 consecutive basal leaves collected from each of 5 plants per replicate at various days after plant emergence (DAPE). SWF nymph densities on each leaf disk were estimated under magnification in the laboratory. Because of heterogeneity of mean variances, data were log transform (mean+0.5) and subjected to ANOVA; means were separated using Fprotected LSD (P ≤ 0.05). Actual non-transformed means are presented in the table.
Front Matter to: Comparative Constitutional Law, South African Cases and Materials in a Global Context

Harvard Law Professor Cass Sunstein has said that South Africa has “the most admirable constitution in the history of the world.” This comparative constitutional law casebook is unique because it allows students and experts in U.S. constitutional law (or other nations) to compare their approach with modern South African constitutionalism. The transformative and progressive South African Constitution adopts the most successful parts of existing parliamentary constitutions, while honoring the nation’s African heritage. Further, it incorporates numerous international human rights such as socio-economic and environmental rights. The book’s South African focus guarantees readers will grasp the contingency and social context of a foreign constitutional court’s decisions, rather than primarily surveying cases from innumerable other nations. Yet the introductory chapter also provides background on South Africa, and then exposes readers to key theoretical questions about comparativism. Moreover, that chapter briefly describes seven other constitutional democracies where the courts play important but different roles than in South Africa. These nations provide further context for the strong judicial review exercised by the South African Constitutional Court. Indeed, excerpts from that Court’s decisions make up most of the core second chapter. The core chapter also contains questions about the reasoning of each South African case, as well as how that case compares to a single foreign case on the same topic. The book is suitable for law students, as well as other graduate and undergraduate students. In addition, the book is the first condensed version of South African constitutional case law published in the U.S. Thus, it functions as a research collection for experts, as well as a casebook.
Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia: Stress Syndromes?

In the past decade, research on anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia (BUL) has shown an unprecedented increase in both quality and quantity (Steiner, 1982). However, disappointingly little is known about their etiology. In fact, the basic question: Are eating disorders (EDO) qualitatively different from other states of malnutrition or not, is not yet answered and can most likely only be answered by prospective studies of a population at risk.
Portopulmonary hypertension: Diagnostic advances and caveats: Diagnosis of portopulmonary hypertension in candidates for liver transplantation: A prospective study

Portopulmonary hypertension represents a major risk factor for transplantation; therefore, preoperative detection is crucial. The aims of this study were to determine (1) whether Doppler echocardiography performed at evaluation is a reliable tool for detecting portopulmonary hypertension and (2) the incidence of acquired portopulmonary hypertension profile after evaluation. One hundred sixty-five patients had Doppler echocardiography and right heart catheterization at evaluation over a 9-year period. All patients had a prospective follow-up, and the results of catheterization at evaluation were compared with those obtained at the time of transplantation. Seventeen of 165 patients met the criteria for portopulmonary hypertension on Doppler echocardiography. Portopulmonary hypertension was confirmed by catheterization in 10 patients and ruled out in 7. There were no false negatives for echocardiography. Mean pulmonary artery pressure was significantly higher during the initial phase of transplantation than at evaluation (17.8 ± 4.3 versus 20.3 ± 5.5 mm Hg, respectively, P < .0001), and there was no significant correlation between values obtained at these 2 time points. Three patients showed to have acquired portopulmonary hypertension profile although waiting for a graft within time intervals ranging from 2.5 to 5 months. In conclusion, Doppler echocardiography is a highly sensitive tool for detecting portopulmonary hypertension. However, because this technique has a poor positive predictive value, right heart catheterization is recommended for confirming portopulmonary hypertension. In addition, the absence of portopulmonary hypertension at evaluation does not exclude the occasional occurrence of acquired portopulmonary hypertension profile after listing.
Histopathologic spectrum of hypersensitivity reactions associated with anti‐CD52 therapy (alemtuzumab)

Background Alemtuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against CD52, a cell surface antigen on B and T lymphocytes, and used to treat B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Skin rash is a common adverse reaction following treatment with alemtuzumab. However, the clinicopathologic features and immunologic basis for the reaction have not been previously reported. Methods Our hospital's electronic pathology database was searched for cases with documentation of ‘alemtuzumab’ or ‘anti-CD52’ in the clinical history provided by either the ordering physician or the pathologist. Clinical and histopathologic review of the cases was performed. Results Five patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) or chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) were treated with alemtuzumab, and developed pruritic, erythematous papules and plaques. Histopathology of the skin lesions revealed subacute spongiotic dermatitis with multifocal parakeratosis, endothelial activation and perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate. Eosinophils were not a prominent feature. Conclusions We describe the clinicopathologic features of a novel hypersensitivity reaction to alemtuzumb, and hypothesize it may be due to an immunologic response precipitated by the persistence of resident memory T-cells (TRM) in the skin. Our findings raise awareness for a novel reaction pattern and guide the histopathologic interpretation of lesions which may clinically mimic residual or recurrent cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders.
Aortic Valve Area Index: A Partial Answer to an Enigma.

> It is generally believed that, (aortic valve) organic disease being once established … is progressive … must end in death, either by rupture of the valves, organic disease of the remaining portion of the heart, or obstruction to the current of blood. … but … this disorganizing process may be occasionally of singular slowness, so that the patient may live for many years in the enjoyment of good, or at least tolerable health, or that the diseased action is really arrested and the lesion becomes stationary. Thus, did William Stokes categorize the uncertain natural history of aortic stenosis (AS) more than a century and half ago.1 Since his elegant description, AS has remained an enigmatic problem, particularly in the absence of symptoms. On one hand, the presence of typical symptoms and a peak transaortic velocity of >4 m/s and a valve area of 50 years ago.2 In the absence of symptoms, however, the relation between aortic valve area (AVA) and prognosis becomes much less certain; every cardiologist struggles with the question of when (if at all) to intervene upon such patients. Will their fate “end in death” as Stokes lamented or will they be among the fortunate who “live for many years… (as) the lesion becomes stationary.” See …
X-ray Structure and Enzymatic Activity Profile of a Core Papain-like Protease of MERS Coronavirus with utility for structure-based drug design

Ubiquitin-like domain 2 (Ubl2) is immediately adjacent to the N-terminus of the papain-like protease (PLpro) domain in coronavirus polyproteins, and it may play a critical role in protease regulation and stability as well as in viral infection. However, our recent cellular studies reveal that removing the Ubl2 domain from MERS PLpro has no effect on its ability to process the viral polyprotein or act as an interferon antagonist, which involves deubiquitinating and deISGylating cellular proteins. Here, we test the hypothesis that the Ubl2 domain is not required for the catalytic function of MERS PLpro in vitro. The X-ray structure of MERS PLpro-∆Ubl2 was determined to 1.9 A and compared to PLpro containing the N-terminal Ubl2 domain. While the structures were nearly identical, the PLpro-∆Ubl2 enzyme revealed the intact structure of the substrate-binding loop. Moreover, PLpro-∆Ubl2 catalysis against different substrates and a purported inhibitor revealed no differences in catalytic efficiency, substrate specificity, and inhibition. Further, no changes in thermal stability were observed between enzymes. We conclude that the catalytic core of MERS PLpro, i.e. without the Ubl2 domain, is sufficient for catalysis and stability in vitro with utility to evaluate potential inhibitors as a platform for structure-based drug design.
Citron Rho-Interacting Serine/Threonine kinase (CIT) Is a Novel Therapeutic Target in Multiple Myeloma Cells

Introduction: Citron rho-interacting serine/threonine kinase (CIT) is a serine/threonine kinase which is a key component of the midbody and is essential for cytokinesis. CIT localizes to the central spindle and midbody and functions to promote efficient cytokinesis. CIT knockdown may disrupt cytokinesis and therefore cell growth. CIT has been reported to be upregulated and important for growth of several cancers. However, the significance of CIT has not been investigated in the field of multiple myeloma (MM). We therefore dissected the role of CIT in MM growth in vitro and in vivo . Materials and methods: CIT gene expression in MM cells was compared to normal plasma cells using public-available gene expression profile (GEP) data set (GSE6477). Kaplan-Meier curve for MM patient survival between high and low CIT expressing patients were examined by using the GEP data set (GSE4581). Protein expression of CIT in MM cells was confirmed by proteomic analysis and immunohistochemistry. Knockdown of CIT was performed in MM cell lines MM1s and OPM2 using lentiviral shRNAs. CIT knockdown was confirmed by reduced CIT mRNA in comparison to a scrambled control. Differences in cell proliferation and cell cycle between CIT knockdown cells and scramble control were analyzed by using thymidine uptake and PI staining, respectively. Cytokinesis failure was analyzed by immunofluorescence using alpha-tubulin antibody and DAPI. shCIT OPM2 (n=7) and the scrambled control cells (n=8) were injected subcutaneously into SCID-Bg mice (5x10 6 cells/mouse) and were followed for tumor development and survival. Results: CIT expression was significantly higher in MM patients’ plasma cells compared to healthy donors in GEP (p=0.02), proteomic analysis and immunohistochemistry. Also CIT expression was higher in relapsed patients compared to newly diagnosed patients by GEP. MM patients with high CIT expression had significantly worse overall survival compared to low CIT expressing patients (p=0.04). CIT knockdown MM cell lines showed reduced cell proliferation and G2 cell cycle arrest by thymidine uptake and PI staining compared to the scrambled control. Significantly, large amount of multinucleated cells, which indicates cytokinesis failure, were observed in the CIT knockdown cells compared to scrambled control. Reduced tumor growth (p Conclusions: shRNA knockdown of CIT in MM cells induces G2 arrest leading to cytokinesis failure in vitro with reduced cell proliferation in vivo. Since MM cells have significantly higher expression of CIT compared to normal plasma cells, CIT represents a novel therapeutic target for MM. Studies are ongoing to develop drugs to target CIT for MM treatment. Disclosures Anderson: Celgene: Consultancy; Sanofi-Aventis: Consultancy; Onyx: Consultancy; Acetylon: Scientific Founder, Scientific Founder Other; Oncoprep: Scientific Founder Other; Gilead Sciences: Consultancy. Ghobrial: Onyx: Advisory board Other; BMS: Advisory board, Advisory board Other, Research Funding; Noxxon: Research Funding; Sanofi: Research Funding.
Transformation for target detection in hyperspectral imaging

Conventional algorithms for target detection in hyperspectral imaging usually require multivariate normal distributions for the background and target pixels. Significant deviation from the assumed distributions could lead to incorrect detection. It is possible to make the non-normal pixels into more normal-looking pixels by using a transformation on the pixels. A multivariate transformation based maximum likelihood is proposed in this paper to improve target detection in hyperspectral imaging. Experimental results show that the distribution of the transformed pixels become closer to a multivariate normal distribution and the performance of the detection algorithms improves after the transformation.
The thrombus to embolus transition and its contributing factors

Thromboembolic events are some of the major causes of death in the United States They must be carefully monitored in persons who are susceptible to thrombus formation due to hypercoagulability problems which may arise as a result of surgery or diseases such as sickle cell anemia thalassemia leukemia and diabetes Successful diagnosis and treatment of thrombosis pose a real challenge to the medical field and there exists an urgency to develop more sophisticated methods for countering this condition When thrombi detaches from the vessel wall patients are at great risk of stroke events and even death In an effort to gain a better understanding with regard to the thrombus to embolus transition we have performed simulations through CFD ACE computational engine in which we vary thrombus height shape location along the vessel wall blood pressure and blood viscosity Results of this simulation model suggest a higher likelihood for the thrombus to embolus transition as the thrombus height increases Results also show that a thrombus is more likely to become mobile in hypertensive patients but is less likely to become mobile in sickle cell diabetic and leukemic patients This we explain is due to higher blood viscosities in these patients which result in lowered wall shear stresses In addition we confirm the hypothesis that clot shape influences the occurrence of the thrombus to embolus transition as pressure on the clot is shown to be substantially greater in radially asymmetric thrombi Pressure profiles also suggest that prolonged exposure to high pressure as in hypertension increases the probability of initiation of the transition as the clot becomes fatigued and weakens resulting in the completion of the thrombus to embolus transition when the hemodynamic forces overcome the adhesive forces in the system Finally we propose a ldquo peel off rdquo type mechanism as an explanation of the process of transitioning from a thrombus to an embolus
Endoscopic Appearance After Foregut Surgery

Approximately one in six patients presenting for upper endoscopy has had some prior reconstruction of the luminal anatomy. A knowledge and understanding of how to recognize these anatomic variants, as well as to diagnose and manage the complications that can arise from these surgeries, is extremely helpful to the junior endoscopist. The most common reasons for these surgeries include operations for peptic ulcer disease, anti-reflux surgery, resections for malignancy, and bariatric (weight loss) procedures. In some of these situations, biliary or pancreatic access is required, and a good understanding of the anatomy will help determine whether attempt at ERCP in a patient with altered anatomy should be pursued. The common use of anti-secretory medications (H2 receptor blockers and proton pump inhibitors) has made surgery for ulcer a rare event these days, but the increasing use of bariatric surgery for weight loss has made encounters with postoperative anatomy more frequent than even 10 years ago. This chapter will cover the major endoscopic findings of postoperative anatomy, with illustrative diagrams and endoscopic and fluoroscopic images.
The Janus-face of European heritage: Revisiting the rhetoric of Europe-making in EU cultural politics:

Heritage sites and their stewards have been part of the project of European integration since the 1970s. Countless actions involving conservation, research and public outreach has been granted EU f...
Sense and Release: A Thiol-Responsive Flavonol-Based Photonically Driven Carbon Monoxide-Releasing Molecule That Operates via a Multiple-Input AND Logic Gate

Molecular structures capable of intracellular information processing that couple responses from biomarker signals to the release of drug molecules represent intelligent delivery systems. Herein we report a chemophotonically driven, sense-of-logic carbon monoxide-releasing molecule (SL-photoCORM). This extended flavonol motif operates via an AND logic gate by first sensing the cellular environment via detection of thiols and then releasing CO when triggered with visible light and O2. Overall, this approach couples the detection of a cellular redox biomarker with the ability to release a small-molecule gasotransmitter known to trigger pathways involved in pro- and anti-inflammatory effects in a dose-dependent manner. Significantly, the fluorescence properties of the flavonol-based SL-photoCORM produce a series of chemophotonic input responses via two photochromatic switches (blue-to-green and green-to-colorless), leading to trackability and spatiotemporal control of CO release. Examination of the O2 require...
N2O Formation Pathways over Zeolite-Supported Cu and Fe Catalysts in NH3-SCR

N2O is a common byproduct in the NH3-SCR reaction. We analyzed the N2O formation pathways in NH3-SCR over various catalysts (Cu-ZSM-5, Fe-ZSM-5, Cu-SAPO-34, Fe-SAPO-34, Cu-SSZ-13, and Fe-SSZ-13), aided by catalyst characterization using XRD, XPS, EDS mapping, and NH3-TPD. The results showed that the NH3 nonselective catalytic reduction was the major N2O formation pathway for most of the Cu catalysts. The N2O formation at lower temperatures (<300 °C) originated mainly from decomposition of NH4NO3. In addition, NH3 nonselective oxidation was another reaction that formed N2O especially at higher temperatures. The N2O resulting from the Eley–Rideal mechanism was also favored at higher temperatures. The decomposition of NO to N2O and O2 also led to N2O formation, although its contribution was minimal. The absence of N2O yield over most Fe catalysts could be attributed to active N2O decomposition and N2O-SCR reactions. Moreover, varying O2 and H2O concentrations in the feed exerted strong influence on both N2O ...
Eyes in the room trump eyes on the screen: effects of a responsive co-viewer on toddlers’ responses to and learning from video chat

Scaffolding may be important for children to overcome puzzling aspects of video chat. We examined whether live co-viewer behavior (responsive or unresponsive), video chat partner’s eye gaze (aligne...
Characteristics and Limitations of Conventional RFIDs

Although RFID technology has been proven to be sufficiently adequate for some applications, such as toll collection and anti-theft systems, there are numerous other applications that cannot benefit from this technology due to some of the limitations of the conventional RFID technologies. With the widespread interest and usage of RFIDs, the vulnerabilities of current RFID systems are becoming apparent. These limitations are directly related to the environment that the tags and readers ­communicate. This environment consists of both the wireless channel and the physical object that the tags are attached to. Various objects and systems in the wireless channel can cause a range of signal degradation such as attenuation, ­multipath fading, and interference to the RF signal carrying the tag information. Since the reliability of an RFID system is directly dependent on the robustness of the tag-reader RF link, the signaling scheme becomes a fundamental area of study for characterization and further performance improvement of such systems.
New Directions and Problems of Multivariate Total Positivity Motivated by Genetic Recombination Probabilities

Some new results and open problems on multivariate totally positive (reverse rule) kernels defined on hypercubes in Euclidean n-space are described. Motivations stem from genetic mapping processes and recombination interference phenomena.