cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interaction between dislocations and NiFe2O4 precipitates in a NiO matrix

Dislocations have been introduced into NiO containing particles of NiFe2O4 by room temperature deformation. The interaction of the dislocations with the particles has been examined using weak-beam imaging in the TEM. The dislocations have a a2〈011〉 Burgers vectors and {011} glide planes. By heating a TEM sample which contained spinel particles surrounded by dislocation loops, the effect of dislocations on the particle morphology could be studied. An individual dislocation loop can cause a cusp in the precipitate which can act as a “noose” around the particle causing it to shrink. Dislocations can act as preferential sites for spinel nucleation as was observed for different nucleation rates. For slow nucleation rates, nucleation only occurred at the dislocations while nucleation also occurred elsewhere for a larger nucleation rate. Spinel precipitates can grow at dislocation to form a stacking fault in the precipitate—perfect dislocations in NiO are only partial dislocations in the spinel. The position of the stacking fault indicates the location of the original nuclei.
Alteration of the Tetrahymena Genome During Nuclear Differentiation

Synopsis. The DNA of the macro- and the micronucleus of Tetrahymena thermophila has been compared by various biochemical methods. It became evident from their thermal denaturation temperatures and buoyant densities that the 2 DNAs were very similar in overall composition. Small differences were detected when the sequence complexities of these DNAs were compared by DNA renaturation studies. The studies suggested that ˜ 10% of the micronuclear genome was lost or underrepresented in the macronucleus. Comparison of individual gene levels revealed further differences. By using the technic of gene cloning a micronuclear sequence was isolated which hybridized only with micronuclear, but not with macronuclear DNA. These results indicated the occurrence of elimination or underreplication of this sequence in the macronucleus. Gene amplification was also shown to occur. In the micronucleus only a single copy of rDNA was found integrated into the chromosome. During macro-nuclear development, amplification was observed to occur, and the amount of rDNA to increase, until there were ˜ 200 copies per haploid genome in the mature macronucleus. all of them extrachromosomal and palindromic. The 3rd case of alteration involved a simple repeated sequence, (CCCCAA)n, present in the termini of rDNA and also in many other locations of the genome. Restriction endonuclease digestion studies revealed drastic differences in the organization of the repeats between macro-and micronucleus. These differences may be interpreted as the results of chromosome fragmentation which occurs at every cluster of the repeats during macronuclear development. The relationship between this event and gene amplification and elimination is discussed.
Perspectives on the theory and practice of belief functions

Abstract The theory of belief functions is a generalization of the Bayesian theory of subjective probability judgement. The author's 1976 book, A Mathematical Theory of Evidence, is still a standard reference for this theory, but it is concerned primarily with mathematical foundations. Since 1976, considerable work has been done on interpretation and implementation of the theory. This article reviews this work, as well as newer work on mathematical foundations. It also considers the place of belief functions within the broader topic of probability and the place of probability within the larger set of formalisms used by artificial intelligence.
Expression of p53 in adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder and bile ducts

Point mutation of the p53 tumor suppressor gene appears to be an important event in tumor development and progression, and overexpression of the p53 gene product has been widely studied in a variety of neoplasms. Some point mutations of the p53 gene lead to an increase in half-life in the gene product, which accumulates in the nucleus and can be detected by immunohistochemical means. We studied overexpression of p53 protein in specimens from 12 patients with adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder, two gallbladders with epithelial dysplasia without carcinoma, eight carcinomas of the common bile duct, 13 hilar cholangiocarcinomas, and six peripheral cholangiocarcinomas. The monoclonal antibody Ab-2 (Oncogene Science) was used in conjunction with citrate microwave antigen retrieval. Nuclear staining was scored as positive (graded 1 to 3, depending on number of positive nuclei) or negative. Overexpression of p53 protein was present in 7/12 (58%) gallbladder carcinomas, and was seen more often in moderately or poorly differentiated tumors. Intramucosal carcinoma adjacent to invasive carcinoma was positive in three cases, although fewer cells stained than in the carcinoma. Two cases of low-grade dysplasia not associated with carcinoma were negative. Expression of p53 was not an independent prognostic factor when survival was related to grade and stage of tumor. Three of eight (38%) common bile duct carcinomas and 5/13 (38%) hilar cholangiocarcinomas were positive for p53. Slightly fewer (2/6, 33%) peripheral cholangiocarcinomas were positive. No difference in survival relative to p53 expression was demonstrated.
Circulating basophils in normal subjects and in subjects with hay fever

The relationship of hay fever symptoms and changes in the number of circulating basophils was studied in 12 subjects clinically sensitive only to ragweed and in 10 nonatopic subjects before, during, and after the ragweed season. Total white blood counts, absolute basophil counts, and symptom scores were recorded twice weekly from mid-June through October, 1974, and compared with the ragweed pollen count. The results indicated that the absolute and relative number of basophils were significantly elevated (p less than 0.001) in the hay fever group when symptoms occurred. As the symptom score of the allergic group increased during the ragweed season, the number of basophils also increased, only to decrease to control values when symptoms subsided. The basophil counts of the atopic group were significantly higher than those of the nonatopic group during the control periods. The nonatopic group also showed a significant elevation of basophils during the ragweed season, but to a much lesser extent than the atopic group. It is concluded that: (1) subjects with symptomatic hay fever have a significantly elevated absolute and relative basophil count which correlates with the exacerbation and remission of symptoms; (2) nonatopic subjects also have a small but significant elevation of basophils during the ragweed season; and (3) the elevation of basophils in the atopic group during symptoms is significantly greater than in the nonatopic group during the ragweed season.
Crystalline superlattices from single-sized quantum dots

Despite the recent progress toward the synthesis of monodisperse semiconducting nanocrystals, it remains a challenge to prepare quantum dot structures with a precise number of atoms. Here, we report synthesis, crystal structure, and optical properties of a family of cadmium sulfide nanocrystal superlattices assembled through single-sized semiconducting clusters. Clusters of various sizes have been made. The largest cluster determined from single-crystal analysis has a total of 138 metal−chalcogen sites. It is the largest known single-sized II−VI quantum dot and is also the first one with more than 100 metal−chalcogen sites. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and optical absorption studies indicate the presence of even larger single-sized quantum dots (>200 metal−chalcogen sites). These clusters consist of cubic zinc blende-type core and hexagonal wurtzite-type corners and can exist in up to five isomeric forms that differ only in the position of the hexagonal−cubic interface.
Neuroleptic dose reduction in older psychotic patients

Abstract We conducted a non-randomized, rater-blind study to safely determine the lowest effective neuroleptic dosage in older psychotic patients and to evaluate the clinical, neuropyschological, and psychosocial effects of neuroleptic dosage reduction. Twenty-seven carefully selected patients with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders over the age of 45 had their dosage tapered by 25% each month to determine their lowest effective dosage. These patients were compared with patients similar in age, gender, and education who were currently off neuroleptics (n=19) or maintained on neuroleptics (n=22). All groups were followed for 11 months. Over the follow-up period, 29% of patients in the taper group, 8% of neuroleptic-free patients, and 0% of patients in the maintenance group experienced some increase in psychopathology, although there was no significant change in mean PANSS score in the group, and no patient required hospitalization. Patients in the taper group were maintained on approximately 60% of their original neuroleptic dosage after restabilization. Extrapyramidal symptoms continued to improve over the time in the taper group. Neuropsychological testing did not change significantly over time except for those in the taper group who experienced a decrease in memory-retention on the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test and a significant improvement in digit vigilance and Stroop Interference Index. Carefully selected middle-aged and elderly psychotic patients can have their neuroleptic medications reduced without a significant change in psychopathology. Extrapyramidal symptoms may continue to improve gradually over time. The impact on cognition functioning needs further investigation.
Constructing a stochastic critical path network given the slacks: Representation

Abstract To carry out an information-processing task, a subject must execute a number of mental processes which are organized somehow. Critical path networks are organizational structures often studied in the theory of scheduling. Two processes in a critical path network are either executed sequentially, one after the other, or concurrently. An important quantity in such networks is slack. If a process x is executed before a process y , the longest time by which x can be prolonged without delaying the start of y is called the slack from x to y . This paper shows how to calculate slacks from response times and use them to test the hypothesis that the mental processes required for a task are in a critical path network. The paper shows how to construct such a network if one exists, and how to test whether slacks calculated from data are valid for a critical path network. The slack values can be used to find upper and lower bounds on the durations of the mental processes. The results are illustrated with simulations for networks with stochastic process durations.
A pinhole-plate ultrasonic atomizer

Abstract A new pinhole-plate ultrasonic atomizer has been proposed and developed. A pinhole-plate having one or more pinholes is joined to a cavity filled with liquid and is vibrated by a circular ring piezoelectric element bonded onto it. The vibrating plate generates ultrasonic waves only in the vicinity of the pinholes to jet and atomize the liquid from them. The atomizer is very simple and compact, and extremely low in power consumption.
Hormonal control of apolysis in barnacle mantle tissue epidermis, in vitro

Ecdysterone (5–20 μg/ml) stimulated apolysis in inner mantle tissue explants of the barnacle, Balanus amphitrite, maintained under in vitro conditions. Apolysis was noticeable after 12 to 15 hours while complete apolysis was reached by 24 hours. Enlargement of the epidermal cells was also observed in ecdysterone-stimulated tissues. Ecdysone (10–20 μg/ml) was equally as effective as ecdysterone in stimulating apolysis. In some tissues, which had been cultured with 20 μg/ml ecdysterone for 24 hours, new cuticle formation had occurred following apolysis. The initiation of apolysis by ecdysterone was dependent on RNA and protein synthesis, as indicated by the inhibition of ecdysterone-promoted apolysis by actinomycin D and cycloheximide. Aqueous extracts of shrimp eyestalks (MIH) (10 es eq/ml), either as a crude extract, or as a low molecular weight fraction from a Sephadex G-25 column, were active in repressing the apolysis-stimulating action of ecdysterone. The MIH activity could be overridden by increased levels of ecdysterone. Protease treatment of the MIH from crude and partially purified fractions abolished the inhibitory activity. Molt-inhibiting hormone did not bind 3H-ecdysterone. The results demonstrate that the early premolt integumental activities are under the control of ecdysterone and molt-inhibiting hormone.
Cell-Cycle Phase and Proliferation State-Dependent Radiation and Chemotherapeutic Agent Toxicity In Vivo.

I t is now well accepted that the cycle phase and proliferation state of a cell may significantly affect response to radiation and cytotoxic drugs. The experimental basis for this belief comes primarily from in vitro studies using synchronized cells and/or exponential or plateau-phase cell cultures. Indeed, using a variety of synchronization techniques, extensive studies have been carried out to determine the cycle phase dependence of the killing action of radiation and a wide variety of anticancer drugs. E,2 Most of these investigations have described the age response function of a particular cell line treated with a given agent. Typically in such studies, cell subsets, synchronized at the various phases of the cell cycle, are treated with a fixed dose of the cytotoxic agent and cell survival as a function of cell cycle phase is determined (Fig 1). For radiation, most, although not all, cell lines have shown greatest radiation sensitivity in the M and late G2 phases and maximum resistance in the S phase. 35 In contrast, cell age response patterns for chemotherapeutic agents vary considerably, although most do show differential efficacy in some parts of the cell cycle. 1,2,6 To evaluate the impact of proliferation state on anticancer therapies, many investigators have compared the treatment efficacy of the test agent in log or plateau phase cell cultures. These growth phases are chosen to mimic in vitro the nutrient deprivation that can occur in tumors and cause the formation of subpopulations with distinct proliferation states. 7 The cell populations include a cycling or proliferative subpopulation (P cells), a noncycling or quiescent subpopulation (Q cells), and a nonproliferating sub-
The logistics of life cycle cost

Abstract Program Support has always been a multifaceted discipline and therefore has exhibi—a sensitivity to both the range and depth of available program planning data upon which to project downstream logistic consequences. This paper addresses the key aspects of Life Cycle Cost (LCC) methodology synthesis and highlights the ease of program application and integration on such programs as the Canadian New Fighter Aircraft (NFA) concept. Also discussed in the paper is the interrelationship between hardware design, ILS resource requirements and program cost impacts of prime support postures as well as alternate support plan concepts. The illustrations used are drawn from actual Aircraft Program and Ground Based Electronic System applications and, in summary, the paper highlights the effective ness of this new technology and points out its front end applicability to new programs.
Latest Oligocene through early middle Miocene diatom biostratigraphy of the eastern tropical Pacific

Abstract Study of DSDP Sites 71, 77, and 495 has allowed the development of a refined diatom biostratigraphy for the latest Oligocene through early middle Miocene of the eastern tropical Pacific which is well correlated to the low-latitude zonations for planktonic foraminifers, coccoliths, and radiolarians. Six zones and 7 subzones are proposed, and correlation with high-latitude diatoms zonations for the North Pacific, the Norwegian Sea, and the Southern Ocean is suggested by the discovery of selected diatoms in these tropical sediments which were previously thought to be restricted to high latitudes. Six new species and one new variety of diatoms which are stratigraphically useful are proposed: Actinocyclus hajosiae , n. sp., A. radionovae , n. sp., Coscinodiscus blysmos , n. sp., C. praenodulifer , n. sp., Craspedodiscus rydei , n. sp., Thalassiosira bukryi , n. sp., and Coscinodiscus lewisianus var. robustus n. var.
Screening for left ventricular systolic dysfunction among patients with risk factors for heart failure.

Abstract Background The prevalence of left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) among individuals at risk for heart failure (HF) and the feasibility of screening have not been clearly defined. This study determined the prevalence of LVSD with the use of a limited screening echocardiogram among patients with risk factors for HF but no prior HF. Methods General medicine patients ≥60 years of age with hypertension, diabetes, coronary artery disease, or previous myocardial infarction (MI) but no history of HF or reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were eligible. Medical history and symptoms of breathlessness were determined by interview and chart review; consenting patients underwent electrocardiography and echocardiography. The outcome was LVEF ≤45%, based on visual estimation from the echocardiogram. Results Of the 482 patients who completed the study, only 1 patient could not have the LVEF visually estimated. A total of 7.9% of patients had LVEF ≤45%. The prevalence was 15.4% among those with a prior MI and 6.7% among those without prior MI. In multivariate analysis, prior MI (adjusted odds ratio, 2.75; 95% CI, 1.14 to 6.64) and probable or definite left ventricular hypertrophy by electrocardiography (adjusted odds ratio, 3.57; 95% CI, 1.22 to 10.48) were the strongest predictors of LVEF ≤45%. Conclusions Screening for LVSD among high-risk patients is feasible and has substantial yield, even among patients without prior MI. In light of the low cost of screening and the available therapies to prevent progression of LVSD to overt HF, controlled clinical trials of screening high-risk subgroups appear to be justified.
Left ventricular diastolic filling abnormalities in left anterior descending disease

Reduced left ventricular diastolic filling (DF) has been noted in coronary disease (CD) patients with normal left ventricular systolic function (NLVF). However, previous studies have included patients with regional wall disease, hypertension, or left ventricular hypertrophy. In the absence of these factors, only a subgroup of patients who had greater than 75% luminal obstruction of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) demonstrated DF abnormalities. Using 60 frames/sec biplane contrast ventriculography, we evaluated the left ventricular filling curve and its derivative in 21 patients with normal coronary arteries and NLVF (group 1), 17 CD patients with NLVF and no LAD disease (group 2), and 18 patients with LAD disease and NLVF (group 3). The peak filling rate (PFR) as end diastolic volumes/sec (EDV/S) was reduced in group 3 patients (group 3: 3.00 +/- 0.51 EDV/S vs group 1: 3.59 +/- 0.84 EDV/S, p less than .05; and group 2: 3.61 +/- 0.91 EDV/S, p less than .05). There was marked overlap in the PFR's between the normal and LAD group. DF may be normal in CD patients with NLVF in the absence of LAD disease. LAD patients have abnormal DF, but these abnormalities lack predictive valve.
EVOLUTIONARY DIVERGENCE IN DIRECTIONS OF HIGH PHENOTYPIC VARIANCE IN THE OSTRACODE GENUS POSEIDONAMICUS

Trait variation and covariation are understood to influence the response of populations to natural selection on generational time scales, but their role, if any, in shaping long-term macroevolutionary divergence is still unclear. The present study uses the rich fossil record of the ostracode genus Poseidonamicus to reconstruct in great detail the evolutionary history of a set of landmark-based morphometric characters. This reconstruction included two kinds of evolutionary inferences: ancestor–descendant transitions among populations repeatedly sampled at the same location and divergence between lineages measured as independent contrasts on a phylogeny. This reconstructed history was then used to test if evolutionary changes were concentrated in directions (traits or combinations of traits) with high phenotypic variance. Two different statistics of association between evolution and variation tested the null hypothesis that evolutionary changes occur in random directions with respect to trait variability. The first of these measured the similarity between the directions of evolutionary change and the axis of maximum variance, and the second measured the degree to which evolutionary changes were concentrated in directions of high phenotypic variation. Randomization tests indicated that both kinds of evolutionary inferences (ancestor–descendant and phylogenetic contrasts) occurred preferentially in directions of high phenotypic variance (and close to the axis of maximal variation), suggesting that within-population variation can structure long-term divergence. This effect decayed after a few million years, but at least for one metric, never disappeared completely. These results are consistent with Schluter's genetic constraints model in which evolutionary trajectories on adaptive landscapes are deflected by variation within and covariation among traits.
Heavy Ion Fusion (Report on the International Symposium, Washington, D.C., 27?29 May 1986).

The International Symposium on Heavy Ion Fusion held 27–29 May 1986 in Washington, D.C., was the third in a series of symposia previously held in Darmstadt (1982) and Tokyo (1984). These symposia continued the strong tradition of international co-operation fostered at a preceding series of workshops on heavy ion fusion held in the USA (Berkeley, 1976 and 1979; Brookhaven National Laboratory, 1977; and Argonne National Laboratory, 1978).
A Computationally Efficient Muscle Model

Modern biomechanical models often include many degrees of freedom, complex joint geometry, and hundreds of muscles [1]. Such complex models may provide realistic representations of musculoskeletal dynamics, but they require a great deal of time to simulate. The state equations of the muscles are frequently the stiffest numerical element in a biomechanical model and determine the simulation time. Here we introduce a muscle model that generates similar forces as a conventional muscle model, but requires fewer explicit integration steps.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Vitrectomy for the Diagnosis and Management of Uveitis of Unknown Cause

Purpose To determine the diagnostic yield of tests commonly used for vitreous fluid analysis in eyes with suspected intraocular infection or malignancy. Design Noncomparative interventional case series. Participants Forty-four consecutive patients (45 eyes) treated from 1998 through 2006 with posterior segment inflammation who underwent pars plana vitrectomy for diagnostic purposes. Intervention Vitreous specimens obtained via pars plana vitrectomy were analyzed by microbiologic culture, cytologic analysis, and flow cytometry. Main Outcome Measures Diagnostic yield and sensitivity of each test performed on vitreous specimens and visual outcomes of eyes that underwent diagnostic vitrectomy (DVx). Results Preoperative diagnoses were infection in 15 eyes and malignancy in 30 eyes. Overall, vitreous analysis identified a specific cause in 9 (20%) of 45 eyes. The overall sensitivity of DVx was 63.6%. The sensitivities of individual tests were: culture, 50%; cytologic analysis, 66.7%; and flow cytometry, 83.3%. The yields of diagnostic tests were: culture, 5.7%; cytologic analysis, 14.3%; and flow cytometry, 20.6%. Final diagnoses were infection in 6 eyes, malignancy in 9 eyes, and idiopathic in 30 eyes. Mean visual acuity improved significantly in the first 6 months after DVx. Visual acuity improved in 60% of eyes, with 37.8% of eyes improving by 3 lines or more. Conclusions Analysis of vitreous fluid by widely available tests is useful in identifying intraocular infection or malignancy. Most patients experienced a substantial improvement in vision.
“Meandering” Effects on the Diffusion of Continuous Dye Plumes in Coastal Currents

Abstract Experimental data on the diffusion of fluorescent dye plumes were obtained in the nearshore zone of the Great Lakes. The transport and diffusion of continuous dye plumes may be studied either in a frame of reference moving with the centre of gravity of the plume or in a frame of reference fixed to the stationary source. Conventionally, the former is referred to as “relative” diffusion and the latter as “absolute” diffisuion. The inter-link between the two concepts is explained by the random movements of the centre of gravity of the diffusing dye plume usually referred to as the “meandering”. In the past, experimental data from continuous dye plumes in coastal currents have been used to study “relative” diffusion, neglecting the random movements of the centre of gravity. In reality, however, “meandering” appears to be a more efficient agency than “relative” diffusion from the practical point of view of dispersing effluents over larger volume of the water body. In the present analysis, particular attention is given to delineate the two component physical processes of “relative” diffusion and “meandering” diffusion, by extended sampling of the dye plume to cover time scales of both the processes. Calculated horizontal eddy diffusivity K y in “absolute” diffusion is greater by a factor of 2 as compared to “relative” diffusion. Very high peak/mean concentration ratios observed as the centre of the plume are a direct result of “meandering” due to large scale turbulent eddies.
Truthful auction for cooperative communications

On one hand, cooperative communication has been gaining more and more popularity since it has great potential to increase the capacity of wireless networks. On the other hand, the applications of cooperative communication technology are rarely seen in reality, even in some scenarios where the demands for bandwidth-hungry applications have pushed the system designers to develop innovative network solutions. A main obstacle lying between the potential capability of channel capacity improvement and the wide adoption of cooperative communication is the lack of incentives for the participating wireless nodes to serve as relay nodes. Hence, in this paper, we design TASC, an auction scheme for the cooperative communications, where wireless node can trade relay services. TASC makes an important contribution of maintaining truthfulness while fulfilling other design objectives. We show analytically that TASC is truthful and has polynomial time complexity. Extensive experiments show that TASC can achieve multiple economic properties without significant performance degradation compared with pure relay assignment algorithms.
High-resolution solution structure of the 18 kDa substrate-binding domain of the mammalian chaperone protein Hsc70.

The three-dimensional structure for the substrate-binding domain of the mammalian chaperone protein Hsc70 of the 70 kDa heat shock class (HSP70) is presented. This domain includes residues 383-540 (18 kDa) and is necessary for the binding of the chaperone with substrate proteins and peptides. The high-resolution NMR solution structure is based on 4150 experimental distance constraints leading to an average root-mean-square precision of 0.38 A for the backbone atoms and 0.76 A for all atoms in the beta-sandwich sub-domain. The protein is observed to bind residue Leu539 in its hydrophobic substrate-binding groove by intramolecular interaction. The position of a helical latch differs dramatically from what is observed in the crystal and solution structures of the homologous prokaryotic chaperone DnaK. In the Hsc70 structure, the helix lies in a hydrophobic groove and is anchored by a buried salt-bridge. Residues involved in this salt-bridge appear to be important for the allosteric functioning of the protein. A mechanism for interdomain allosteric modulation of substrate-binding is proposed. It involves large-scale movements of the helical domain, redefining the location of the hinge area that enables such motions.
Family Environment and Personality Adjustment In Gifted Program Children

While many studies have investigated family characteristics that distinguish children with gifted-level abili- ties from other children, less attention has been given to family characteristics that are associated with personality adjustment within the gifted- level poupulation. This study addresses the question of which aspects of the family environmentare are significantly correlated with healthy personality adjustment among a group of children already identified as gifted. Each of the 10 scales contained in the widely used Family Environment Scales (Moos & Moos, 1981) was correlated with personality adjustment scores of 83 children, ages 7 to 11, who were attending either a public or private school gifted program. Personality adjustment was assessed by parent, child, and teacher report measures. Findings suggest that mutually supportive and open family relationships are more important to the child's self- esteem and overall adjustment that are specific family activities or value orientations.
Transient neonatal tricuspid regurgitation: Possible relation with premature closure of the ductus arteriosus

Normal fetal circulation requires patency of the ductus arteriosus. Prenatal ductal closure causes profound circulatory changes, such as massive tricuspid regurgitation. After delivery, the clinical picture of these severely distressed cyanotic newborns usually improves rapidly as the circulation is no longer dependent on ductal patency after onset of respiration. This case report deals with a newborn infant with severe tricuspid regurgitation and a large atrial right to left shunt who was treated with prostaglandin E, infusion at 12 hours of age and in whom cardiac angiography revealed no evidence of either patent or functionally closed ductus arteriosus and no anatomic cardiac abnormalities at 30 hours of age. On the basis of physiologic and morphologic observations in this infant, the possible role of premature ductal narrowing or closure in the pathogenesis of transient neonatal tricuspid regurgitation is discussed. It is recommended that documentation of ductal presence or absence should become part of the diagnostic evaluation of newborns with transient tricuspid regurgitation.
Rutabaga by any other name: extracting biological names

As the pace of biological research accelerates, biologists are becoming increasingly reliant on computers to manage the information explosion. Biologists communicate their research findings by relying on precise biological terms; these terms then provide indices into the literature and across the growing number of biological databases. This article examines emerging techniques to access biological resources through extraction of entity names and relations among them. Information extraction has been an active area of research in natural language processing and there are promising results for information extraction applied to news stories, e.g., balanced precision and recall in the 93-95% range for identifying person, organization and location names. But these results do not seem to transfer directly to biological names, where results remain in the 75-80% range. Multiple factors may be involved, including absence of shared training and test sets for rigorous measures of progress, lack of annotated training data specific to biological tasks, pervasive ambiguity of terms, frequent introduction of new terms, and a mismatch between evaluation tasks as defined for news and real biological problems. We present evidence from a simple lexical matching exercise that illustrates some specific problems encountered when identifying biological names. We conclude by outlining a research agenda to raise performance of named entity tagging to a level where it can be used to perform tasks of biological importance.
Characterization of the odd graphs Ok by parameters

In this note, we settle a problem of N. Biggs [4, p.80] by showing that for each k, no distance regular graph non-isomorphic to the odd graph O"k can have the same parameters as O"k. A related characterization of certain graphs associated with the Johnson scheme J(2k+1, k) is also given.
Relationships between decisional balance and stage of adopting mammography and Pap testing among Chinese American women

Abstract Background : The Transtheoretical Model has not been applied to explain cancer screening behavior among a large sample of Chinese Americans. This study examines the stage of adopting mammography and Pap testing in relation to women's decisional balance of cancer screening. Methods : We surveyed a sample of 507 Chinese American women aged 50 and older in the DC area in 2003 and 2004. We categorized women into six screening stages (pre-contemplation, contemplation, action, relapse, risk of relapse, and maintenance) based on the frequency and regularity of past screening behaviors and future intentions. We measured women's attitudes toward mammography and Pap testing by 22 pro and con statements. Decisional balance was calculated by the mean difference between pro and con scores. Multinomial regression analyses were used to examine the associations between decisional balance and stage of adoption, controlling for sociodemographics, English fluency, and physician and family recommendations. Results : Maintenance was the largest group among six stages (45% for mammography; 44% for Pap testing). Women in the maintenance group had the highest decisional balance scores, indicating more positive attitudes toward screening. Decisional balance was significantly related to stages of adopting mammograms and Pap testing after adjusting for other covariates. Conclusions : This study demonstrated that Chinese American women's cancer screening behavior was associated with decisional balance, as described in the Transtheoretical Model. Cancer screening messages should be tailored to the needs of women in different stages of adopting mammography and Pap testing.
SV40 DNA sequences as an example of the structure of genes functioning in animal cell nuclei.

Recent studies of the structure of messenger RNA have demonstrated the existence of untranslated sequences of the 3′ and 5′ end of the messages. In addition analysis of transcription in vitro has indicated that the nucleotide sequence U6 purine may be part of a transcription termination signal in prokaryotes. Recently it has been possible to determine the sequence of extensive portions of the DNA of SV40 virus. This article reviews the analogies between certain of these sequences and sequences available from prokaryotic messengers and DNAs. Unusual structures, including blocks of AT-rich and GC-rich segment sections and symmetric regions in the DNA near the origin of DNA replication, have been demonstrated and the distribution of stretches of 6 or more deoxyadenylic acids in the DNA of SV40 is consistent with some rho for these sequences in animal cells, either as terminators of transcription or as sites where degradation of transcripts is initiated or sites related to the selective rejection or degradation of transcripts.
Parallel electron streaming in the high‐latitude E region and its effect on the incoherent scatter spectrum

[1] This article investigates the combined electron heating and streaming effects of low-frequency parallel electric fields on the incoherent scatter measurements of the high-latitude E region. The electric fields distort the electron distribution function, inducing changes on the amplitude and frequency of the ion-acoustic line in the measured incoherent scatter spectrum. If one assumes Maxwellian electrons, the measurements of electron and ion temperatures and electron density are subject to significant percentage errors during geomagnetically active conditions.
Positron annihilation induced Auger and gamma spectroscopies of surfaces

Abstract The annihilation of positrons with core electrons results in an element specific signature in the spectra of Auger-electron and annihilation gamma rays. Because a large fraction of positrons implanted at low energies become trapped just outside the surface, annihilation induced Auger and Gamma signals probe the surfaces of solids with single atomic layer depth resolution. Recent applications of positron annihilation-induced Auger electron spectroscopy (PAES) and Auger–gamma coincidence spectroscopy (AGCS) and future applications of Auger–gamma and gamma–gamma coincidence spectroscopy are discussed.
The parkinsonism-inducing drug 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium triggers intracellular dopamine oxidation. A novel mechanism of toxicity.

Uptake of the Parkinsonism-inducing toxin, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), into dopaminergic terminals is thought to block Complex I activity leading to ATP loss and overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The present study indicates that MPP+-induced ROS formation is not mitochondrial in origin but results from intracellular dopamine (DA) oxidation. Although a mean lethal dose of MPP+ led to ROS production in identified dopaminergic neurons, toxic doses of the Complex I inhibitor rotenone did not. Concurrent with ROS formation, MPP+ redistributed vesicular DA to the cytoplasm prior to its extrusion from the cell by reverse transport via the DA transporter. MPP+-induced DA redistribution was also associated with cell death. Depleting cells of newly synthesized and/or stored DA significantly attenuated both superoxide production and cell death, whereas enhancing intracellular DA content exacerbated dopaminergic sensitivity to MPP+. Lastly, depleting cells of DA in the presence of succinate completely abolished MPP+-induced cell death. Thus, MPP+neurotoxicity is a multi-component process involving both mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS generated by vesicular DA displacement. These results suggest that in the presence of a Complex I defect, misregulation of DA storage could lead to the loss of nigrostriatal neurons in Parkinson's disease.
Tolerance of Three Species of Larval Cliironomidae to Physicochemical Stress Factors Occurring in Stabilization Lagoons

Larvae of Glyptotendipes barbipes (Staeger), Anatopynia dyari (Coquillett), and Chironomus riparius Meigen are the 3 most tolerant species occurring in stabilization lagoons. Quantitative estimates of 4th-instar larval tolerances to 3 simulated physicochemical stress factors naturally occurring in the microenvironment of the midges were obtained, to explain their relative abundance in lagoons. The order of tolerance to synthetic sewage was G. barbipes > C. riparius. The results for A. dyari were inconclusive. Results obtained from exposure to 0°C, and exposure to anaerobiosis showed the following order of tolerance in both experiments: G. barbipes > A. dyari > C. riparius.
A functional, active transport system for methotrexate in freshly isolated hepatocytes.

Abstract Methotrexate transport was studied in isolated rat liver cells. The process was found to be saturable with a K t of 2.3 × 10 −3 M and Vmax of 282 nmol/g wet wt. min. The system showed a requirement for sodium ions and it was sensitive to ouabain. Metabolic inhibitors, e.g., 2,4-dinitrophenol, anaerobic conditions, and deprivation of glucose, suppressed the uptake rate. Folic acid, but not folinic acid, was slightly inhibitory. It is suggested that methotrexate is transported in isolated hepatocytes by an active, sodium dependent process.
Power handling capability of High-Q evanescent-mode RF MEMS resonators with flexible diaphragm

In this paper, we present theoretical and experimental investigations into the power handling capability of high-Q evanescent-mode RF MEMS tunable resonators based on electrostatically-actuated thin diaphragm tuner. The “self-biasing” of the diaphragm tuner from RF signal has been found to cause non-linear effects such as resonant frequency drift, frequency response distortion and instability. A non-linear circuit model has been proposed to predict such non-linearities and provide design guidelines for high power applications. Large signal measurement on a high-Q evanescent-mode resonator with no DC biasing shows good agreement with theoretical predictions.
Evaluation of Polyester and Metallized-Polyethylene Films for Chemical Protective Clothing Applications:

The permeation resistance of thin polyester films and metallized, low- density polyethylene (LDPE) films was evaluated to assess then feasibility for use in chemical protective clothing application...
Thomas J. Sweeney: A Visionary Leader and Advocate for the Counseling Profession

The contributions of Thomas J. Sweeney to the counseling profession through professional leadership and advocacy, scholarship, teaching, and the development of Chi Sigma Iota are chronicled through a personal interview and comments from professional colleagues. Readers are provided with a sense of the depth and breadth of his more than 50 years of dedicated service.
Gender differences in occupational stress among correctional officers

Stress that relates to the work environment has received increasing attention. However, research on gender differences and work-related stress is limited. Previous research has shown that female correctional officers tend to experience higher levels of stress than do their male counterparts. However, this research found that female and male correctional officers experience similar levels of stress as measured both objectively and subjectively. Ulis result should not be surprising given the existing working conditions in most prisons today.
Cyclotron Resonance in Gallium

Azbel'-Kaner cyclotron resonance has been studied at 36 and 9 Gc/sec at 1.2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K in the three principal symmetry planes of gallium with the microwave currents both parallel and perpendicular to the applied magnetic field. The resonance signals were characterized by extreme complexity and high resolution (long relaxation times). Mass values are determined as a function of orientation of the magnetic field in the sample surfaces. No interpretation of the mass branches on a model Fermi surface is attempted, but some correlations with previous de Haas-van Alphen data are presented.
Models of Social Mobility.

Properties of measures and models of social mobility are analyzed in relation to the conceptualization of mobility. Two main objectives of mobility research are identified. One is the study of determinants of occupational achievement, the other is the study of mobility as a characteristic of social systems. It is shown that the realization of both objectives is hindered by a failure of commonly used models and measures of mobility to separate out the various individual and structural factors responsible for mobility.
Beyond text querying and ranking list: how people are searching through faceted catalogs in two library environments

This paper reports the result of a transaction log analysis on two faceted library catalogs (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC) Library catalog and Phoenix Public Library (PPL) catalog). The goal is to investigate people's searching behavior with the faceted catalogs in an academic library and a public library. Two large data sets (with 504,142 logs for 40 days, and 1,010,239 logs for 60 days respectively) are analyzed. Descriptive statistics are reported and cluster analysis is conducted. It is found that people do incorporate facets when they are searching through a faceted catalog for either the academic or the public library. The facet usage for the PPL catalog is higher than that of its UNC counterpart probably due to its support of facet browsing in addition to facet refining, and that they have facets that describe the content better. For the UNC data, many popular facets are the "administrative" (or circulative) metadata rather than the "real content" metadata, whereas for the PPL data, frequently used facets are the browsing titles appearing as search tabs on the search page, such as books and movies. Finally, cluster analysis reveals common search groups across the two library environments. A better understanding of people's searching behavior can help system developers to develop more responsive systems to cater to different behaviors and different patrons. Particularly, an insight into how people are using facets will guide library technical staff to make facets more effective in helping people find what they want.
Track assignment considering crosstalk-induced performance degradation

Track assignment is a critical step between global routing and detailed routing in modern VLSI chip designs. Crosstalk, which is largely decided by wire adjacency, has significant impact on interconnect delay and circuit performance. Therefore, the amount of crosstalk should be restrained in order to satisfy timing constraints. In this work, a novel track assignment algorithm is proposed to reduce crosstalk-induced performance degradation. The problem is formulated as a Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) and solved by a graph-based heuristic. Experimental results on the ISPD2011 benchmark circuits show that the violations on crosstalk bounds can be reduced by up to 99.56% compared to the conventional non-constraint-based heuristics.
On the quadratic estimation of covariance matrices in multivariate linear models

Abstract This paper investigates the estimation of covariance matrices in multivariate mixed models. Some sufficient conditions are derived for a multivariate quadratic form and a linear combination of multivariate quadratic forms to be the BQUE (quadratic unbiased and severally minimum varianced) estimators of its expectations.
A fast wavelet-based algorithm for signal recovery from partial Fourier domain information

Signal reconstruction from the measurements of its Fourier transform magnitude remains an important and difficult problem that occurs in different areas in signal processing. Among all the approaches developed to solve this problem, the iterative transform algorithms are currently the most efficient. However, these algorithms suffer from major drawbacks such as stagnation, slow convergence, and high computational cost that limit their practical application. In this brief, we introduce a wavelet adaptation of the general iterative algorithm where the problem is decomposed into different resolution levels and the image is reconstructed following a coarse-to-fine strategy. We show that the proposed approach can significantly improve the performance of the existing algorithms while dramatically reducing their computational complexity.
The infrared identification of short-chain branches in polyolefins

A series of polymers have been prepared that contain ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl, and n-hexyl branches. We have determined the rocking vibrations of the branches and have shown that branches in solid polymers have their rocking vibrations at frequencies comparable with those shown by liquid hydrocarbons. The ethyl branches in seven different polymers have infrared absorption bands in the 785–760 cm. −1 (12.74–13.18 μ) region. The terminal n-propyl group absorbs at 740 cm.−1 (13.51 μ) and the n-propyl branch at 735 cm.−1 (13.61 μ). The n-butyl, n-pentyl, and n-hexyl branches in polymers have their infrared absorption at 724 cm.−1 (13.81 μ), 723 cm.−1 (13.83 μ) and 722 cm.−1 (13.85 μ), respectively. The above data have been used to identify ethyl, n-propyl, and n-butyl branches in polymers produced by the cationic polymerization of propylene and l-butene.
Optical fiber acoustic sensor utilizing mode-mode interference.

A method for detecting sound using a single step-index multimode fiber is presented. The detected signal results from differences in acoustically induced phase shifts between two different waveguide modes propagating in the fiber. The relative sensitivity of this technique compared with a two-path interferometer was experimentally determined and agreed with that calculated using the fiber parameters. Because the sensitivity of this approach is proportional to the difference in propagation constants for modes in the fiber, it is approximately 10−3 less sensitive than the single-mode interferometer arrangement.