cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Madymo Study of Pelvic and Lower Extremity Injury in Frontal Crashes

Recent studies suggest that there is increased risk to the pelvis and lower extremities for unbelted, front seat occupants when airbags deploy in frontal collisions. Among belted drivers, women and small adults are more likely to experience fractures of the knee-thigh-hip complex and lower leg. The occupant kinematics and impact mechanics for varying sized drivers under belted and unbelted conditions, with a deploying airbag, have not been well-investigated. The present study used occupant kinematic computer software (MADYMO) to investigate injury likelihood for the pelvis, femur and lower leg in simulations of FMVSS 208 test conditions (30 mph, rigid barrier, frontal crash) for a mid-size sedan with airbag deployment. The pelvic force criterion (PFC), femur force criterion (FFC), and Tibia index (TI) were calculated as injury predictors for 50th percentile male and 5th percentile female drivers, belted and unbelted, with variations in instrument panel angle and stiffness as well as hip abduction. The results indicated, most notably, that the unbelted 5th percentile female submarined beneath the airbag and experienced TI values that exceeded the current tolerance in nearly every unbelted simulation. Injury scores for the left leg were generally higher for both dummies, due to leg entrapment and the intruding floor pan. Hip abduction of 20 degrees led to excessive hip forces in the 50th percentile male. Seatbelts were effective at reducing injury measures in both dummies, most notably the TI score of the 5th percentile female.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Averaging an Alternating Series

(1978). Averaging an Alternating Series. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 51, No. 4, pp. 235-237.
On the Performance of SR and FR Protocols for OSTBC-Based AF-MIMO Relay System With Channel and Noise Correlations

This paper proposes a selection relaying (SR) protocol for a cooperative multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) relay system that consists of a direct link between a source and a destination. The system has only receive-side channel state information (CSI) and spatially correlated MIMO channels, and the receiver nodes observe spatially correlated noise. The transmit nodes employ orthogonal space–time block codes (OSTBCs), whereas the receiver nodes employ optimum minimum mean square error (MMSE) detection. The SR protocol, which transmits via the relay only when the direct link between the source and destination is in outage, is compared with the fixed relaying (FR) protocol, which always uses the relay. By deriving novel asymptotic expressions of the outage probabilities, it is analytically shown that both protocols provide the same diversity gain. However, the coding gain (CG) of the SR protocol can be much better than that of the FR protocol. In particular, when all MIMO links have the same effective rank, irrespective of its value, the SR protocol provides better CG than the FR scheme if the target information rate is greater than $\ln_2(\mbox{3})$ bits per channel use. Simulation results support theoretical analysis and show that the SR scheme can significantly outperform the FR method, which may justify the increased complexity due to the one-bit feedback requirement in the SR protocol.
Development Purposes,Orientations and Prospects of Microgrid in China

Proceeding from the background of energy use and power system construction in China,the development purposes of the microgrid are expounded in view of six aspects,namely,the distributed power access,regenerative energy utilization,rural electrification,user demands for power quality,power system disaster fighting capability as well as the relationship with the smart grid.This paper holds that the compatibility,flexibility,customization,economy,and autonomy should be taken as the development orientations of the microgrid and points out that in the strategic frame of building a strong smart grid,the microgrid has broad prospects for technological development and application in China.
Effects of Propolis Soft Capsual on Reducing Blood Lipid of Rats

In order to study effects on of propolis soft capsule on reducing blood lipid of rats,the rats were administered by oral with propolis soft capsule at the doses of 0.2,0.4,1.2 g/kg bw for 30 days respectively. Compared with the control group,the dose of 1.2 g/kg bw can significantly decrease the levels of TG and TC in serum of high fat diet rats(p0.05). Each dose has no remarkable effect on HDL-C level in serum of rats(p0.05). The results demonstrate propolis soft capsule's effects of reducing blood lipid.
Interspinous spacers for lumbar spinal stenosis: commentary on van den Akker-van Marle et al.

COMMENTARY ON: van den Akker-van Marle ME, Moojen WA, Arts MP, Vleggeert-Lankamp CLAM, Peul WC, for the Leiden-The Hague Spine Intervention Prognostic Study Group (SIPS). Interspinous process devices versus standard conventional surgical decompression for lumbar spinal stenosis: cost-utility analysis. Spine J 2016:16:702–10 ( in this issue ).
Seize the Day

This case discusses a pharmacokinetic reaction involving the decreased elimination of tranexamic acid, resulting in seizures. The patient had renal insufficiency due to coadministration of furosemide and ibuprofen.
Janus kinase inhibition suppresses PKC-induced cytokine release without affecting HIV-1 latency reversal ex vivo

Despite the durable viral suppression afforded by antiretroviral therapy, HIV-1 eradication will require strategies to target latently infected cells that persist in infected individuals. Protein kinase C (PKC) activation is a promising strategy to reactivate latent proviruses and allow for subsequent recognition and clearance of infected cells by the immune system. Ingenol derivatives are PKC agonists that induce latency reversal but also lead to T cell activation and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which would be undesirable in vivo. In this work, we sought to identify compounds that would suppress pro-inflammatory cytokine production in the context of PKC activation. We performed an in vitro screen to identify compounds that could dampen pro-inflammatory cytokine release associated with T cell activation, using IL-6 as a model cytokine. We then tested the ability of the most promising screening hit, the FDA-approved Janus Kinase (JAK) inhibitor ruxolitinib, to diminish release of multiple cytokines and its effect on latency reversal using cells from HIV-1-positive, aviremic participants. We demonstrate that co-administration of ruxolitinib with ingenol-3,20-dibenzoate significantly reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine release without impairing latency reversal ex vivo. The combination of ingenol compounds and JAK inhibition represents a novel strategy for HIV-1 eradication.
Chinese Students’ Knowledge and Attitudes of Environmentally and Socially Sustainable Apparel and Sustainable Apparel Purchase Intentions: An Abstract

With apparel production finding itself a leading cause of harm to the environment and rife with issues of labor exploitation, the call to action to influence purchase intentions of consumers is of increasing significance. Supplying a base of knowledge to consumers is crucial to enable them to understand the consequences that the apparel and textile (AT) industry has on the environment and workers. Literature is conflicting regarding the relationship between consumer knowledge and attitudes of AT sustainable issues and purchase intentions (Antil 1984; Henion 1972; Roubanis 2008; Schahn and Holzer 1990; Tanner and Kast 2003; Kozar and Hiller Connell 2013). However, although many studies have focused on the relationship among these variables, few have focused on consumers outside the USA and the UK. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to better understand the knowledge and purchasing intentions of Chinese consumers, a topic of importance given the growing wealth and economy of the marketplace in China.
High-Temperature Superconductivity in Boron-Doped Q-Carbon

We report high-temperature superconductivity in B-doped amorphous quenched carbon (Q-carbon). This phase is formed after nanosecond laser melting of B-doped amorphous carbon films in a super-undercooled state and followed by rapid quenching. Magnetic susceptibility measurements show the characteristics of type-II Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer superconductivity with a superconducting transition temperature (Tc) of 36.0 ± 0.5 K for 17.0 ± 1.0 atom % boron concentration. This value is significantly higher than the best experimentally reported Tc of 11 K for crystalline B-doped diamond. We argue that the quenching from metallic carbon liquid leads to a stronger electron–phonon coupling due to close packing of carbon atoms with higher density of states at the Fermi level. With these results, we propose that the non-equilibrium undercooling-assisted synthesis method can be used to fabricate highly doped materials that provide greatly enhanced superconducting properties.
Spontaneous socially-driven play as a transactive memory system for tacit knowledge creation

Collective tacit knowledge creation has been widely recognized as one of the most significant sources of competitive advantage of modern corporations. Yet, knowledge management and information technology research continues to be dominated by studies that overemphasize the centrality of explicit or tacit knowledge in the mind of individuals rather than the collective. To date, several questions remain unanswered regarding tacit knowledge creation at the collective level in organizations. In this article we seek to contribute to the literature by conceptualizing knowledge as a social practice, rather than an object, and assuming that knowledge transcends individualities. In particular, we argue that the phenomenon of organizational play represents a propitious venue for the generation of collective tacit knowledge in the workplace. Drawing upon knowledge management and information technology insights, we conceive the concept of ‘spontaneous socially-driven play’ as a transactive memory system where social p...
FlexSAR multistatic circular SAR collection

Bistatic SAR data has advantages and disadvantages compared to monostatic data. This papers examines a combined bistatic and monostatic SAR data collection. The airborne platform used a monostatic radar system with two transmit and two receive channels in a pulsed spotlight mode. Another receive-only system was placed on an elevated mountaintop. The mountaintop receive system had two receive channels. The airborne asset flew in a full circle around several targets, exercising a large range of bistatic geometries. Various SAR modes were collected, including single-channel, quad-channel, and along-track interferometry (ATI) data for monostatic and bistatic modalities. This paper focuses on the single-channel SAR collect and mitigating the clock drift induced by using an oven-controlled crystal oscillator (instead of atomic clocks).
Putting the Future at the Beginning

To close our discussion, we get to talk about the future of cosmological research, and this is where I get to finally give my honest opinion about several competing, albeit fantastical, modes of thought surrounding our universe and what it’s truly made of.
Inkjet-printed “4D” tunable spatial filters using on-demand foldable surfaces

A state-of-the-art fully Inkjet-printed tunable frequency selective surface on cellulose paper is presented, which uses a Miura origami structure for an on-demand linear variation in inter-element distance and the effective length of the resonant dipole elements, resulting in an observable shift in the operational frequency of the structure. The dipole elements are placed on the foldlines along with special “bridge-like” structures to realize first-of-its-kind truly flexible conductive traces over sharp bends. Simulation and measurement results show that the Miura-FSS can be tuned to a wide range of frequencies and features a large angle of incidence rejection.
CD4+ levels control the odds of induction of humoral immune responses to tracer doses of therapeutic antibodies

Rapidly increasing number of therapeutic antibodies are being repurposed to imaging probes for noninvasive diagnosis, as well as monitoring during treatment or disease recurrence. Though antibody-based imaging involves tracer doses (~3 log lower than therapeutic doses), and immune responses are severely reduced in patients with impaired immunity, formation of anti-tracer antibodies (ATA) has been observed hampering further diagnostic monitoring. Here, we explored the potential to develop humoral responses to intravenously administered tracer dose of a monoclonal antibody F(ab΄)2 fragment, and associated with host related immune measures in 49 rhesus macaques categorized into healthy (uninfected controls), SIV-progressors, SIV non-progressors, or total body irradiated (TBI). Antibody fragment administered in tracer amount (~100μg) induced immune responses with significantly lower odds in SIV-progressors or TBI macaques (P<0.005) as compared to healthy animals. Peripheral blood (PB) CD4+ cell counts, but not CD20+ cell levels, were associated with significantly higher risk of developing a humoral response (P<0.001). Doubling the PB CD4+ counts is associated with an odds ratio of developing an immune response of 1.73. Among SIV-infected animals, CD4+ cell count was a stronger predictor of immune response than plasma SIV-RNA levels. Both SIV-progressors and TBI macaques showed higher odds of responses with increasing CD4+ counts, however when compared to healthy or SIV non-progressors with similar CD4+ count, they were still functionally incompetent in generating a response (P<0.01). Moreover, presence of ATA in systemic circulation altered the in vivo biodistribution by increasing hepatic uptake and decreasing plasma radiotracer clearance, with minimal to no binding detected in targeted tissues.
Smoke-free homes among single-parent families: Differences associated with parental race/ethnicity and smoking behaviors.

Abstract We assessed differences in the rates of smoke-free homes among single-parent households with regard to parental race/ethnicity and smoking status. We identified two cohorts representative of the U.S. single-parent households with underage children (children under the age of 18) based on the Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey: 2010–11 ( n = 6474) and 2014–15 ( n = 6114). The interviews were conducted by phone and in-person. Statistical analysis was performed in 2017. The overall rate of smoke-free homes was 82% in 2010–11 and 86% in 2014–15. The rate of a smoke-free home was highest for Non-Hispanic (NH) Asian (94%) and Hispanic (92%) parents and lowest for NH Multiracial (77% in 2010–11 and 82% in 2014–15) in both survey periods. However, 2014–15 model-based comparisons relative to NH Whites indicated only one significant difference: the rate was lower for NH Blacks (OR = 0.46, 99% CI = 0.32:0.66). The smoke-free homes were least prevalent among daily smokers, followed by occasional smokers, followed by former smokers, and most prevalent among never smokers in each survey period. The 2010–11 and 2014–15 rates were 45% and 54% for daily, 64% and 72% for occasional, 89% and 91% for former, and 93% and 94% for never smokers. The gap in the rates of smoke-free homes for diverse parental racial/ethnic groups observed in 2010–11 decreased by 2014–15. While smoke-free homes became more prevalent in 2014–15, the rates remain drastically different among families with different parental smoking behaviors. Exposure to secondhand smoke at home remains common among single-parent households where the parent smokes.
Verse Visa: Dickens Adapts Poetry in The Old Curiosity Shop

Herbert F. Tucker, “Verse Visa: Dickens Adapts Poetry in The Old Curiosity Shop ” (pp. 433–451) In Charles Dickens’s The Old Curiosity Shop (1841), Dick Swiveller’s hilariously eclectic misquotation of popular verse coexists with Dickens’s own grave proclivity to fall into unlineated yet incantatory blank verse when orchestrating the death of Little Nell. These complementary prose effects freshly showcase the novelist’s joint commitments to humorous and pathetic renditions of the modern condition. They also underscore the coalescence of the novel as such, circa 1840, out of a miscellany of barely compatible ingredients, as the still-burgeoning genre sought to displace, whether by sidelining or by incorporation, poetry’s millennial prestige.
Less Midterm Damage and Oxidation Are Seen in Retrieved Highly Crosslinked Ultrahigh-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene Tibial Inserts than in Direct Compression Molded Polyethylene Inserts

Highly crosslinked ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene (XLPE) shows reduced wear in total hip arthroplasty compared to direct compression-molded polyethylene (compPE); however, minimal research evaluating polyethylene damage in XLPE tibial inserts in total knee arthroplasty exists. We evaluated damage and material properties in retrieved XLPE components at midterm (≥ 2.5 years) follow-up. We identified 19 XLPE tibial inserts with ≥ 30 months in vivo using our institutional review board–approved implant retrieval system; 19 compPE retrieved inserts were matched based on age at index surgery, body mass index, sex, and length of implantation. Articular surface damage was assessed using a subjective grading system. Swell ratio testing and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were used to measure crosslink density (XLPE) and oxidation (XLPE, compPE), respectively, at loaded and unloaded surface and subsurface regions. CompPE inserts had higher overall damage than XLPE inserts, specifically at the post of posterior-stabilized inserts. The XLPE inserts had lower crosslink density at the loaded surface (0.159 mol/dm3) than either unloaded region (0.183 mol/dm3). CompPE peak oxidation index (OI) was greater than XLPE peak OI in the loaded and unloaded surface regions (1.67 vs. 0.61 and 1.38 vs. 0.46, respectively). Surface damage and oxidation are reduced in XLPE inserts compared to compPE at midterm follow-up. Peak OI greater than 1.0 in the compPE group suggests that mechanical-property degradation had occurred, a likely cause for increased damage. Longer-term retrievals will determine whether these trends continue. Based on midterm results, XLPE shows an advantage over compression molded PE in total knee arthroplasty.
Principles of Cloud and Precipitation Formation

In this chapter we provide an overview of the basic physical processes responsible for the formation of clouds and precipitation. A number of important concepts are discussed, and terms defined, which will be used in later chapters. For more detail on these topics the reader is referred to textbooks by Pruppacher and Klett (1997), Rogers and Yau (1989), relevant chapters in Wallace and Hobbs (2006), Cotton and Anthes (1989), and Houze (1993) and review articles by Stewart (1985) and Cantrell and Heymsfield (2005).
The structure of writing processes as revealed by secondary task demands

This study investigates how working memory capacity may account for why better writers are able to coordinate mutliple subprocesses more easily than poor writers. Writing, while distracted by secondary task demands, offers one way to explore the importance of working memory to the structure inherent in the writing subprocesses. For the study, the author chose experiments based on the finding that good writers manage the simultaneous demands of writing subprocesses better than poor writers(Levy & Ransdell, 1995, pp. 767–779). Students composed essays while distracted by concurrent loads on working memory. The author found that when relatively minor demands were made on working memory, i.e., unattended and attended background speech, these variables caused a decrease in fluency, but had no effect on quality. Attended, but not unattended, speech reliably reduced average sentence length. A concurrent task of remembering six digits reduced fluency by nearly 50% also reliably decreased quality and sentence length. Resources which are relatively stable in the face of dual-task demands were allocated for the regulation of writing quality, sentence length, pause duration and location. The author found that better writers write longer sentences, pause for shorter durations and at clause boundaries more often than poorer writers. Competing tasks first disrupt the timing of writing and only impact quality when larger secondary task demands in working memory are required.
Nucleopore-Inspired Polymer Hydrogels for Selective Biomolecular Transport.

Biological systems routinely regulate biomolecular transport with remarkable specificity, low energy input, and simple mechanisms. Here, the biophysical mechanisms of nuclear transport inspire the development of gels for recognition and selective permeation (GRASP). GRASP presents a new paradigm for specific transport and selective permeability, in which binding interactions between a biomolecule and a hydrogel lead to faster penetration of the gel. A molecular transport theory identifies key principles for selective transport: entropic repulsion of noninteracting molecules and affinity-mediated diffusion of multireceptor biomolecules through a walking mechanism. The ability of interacting molecules to walk through hydrogels enables enhanced permeability in polymer networks. To realize this theoretical prediction in a novel material, GRASP is engineered from a poly(ethylene glycol) network (entropic barrier) containing antibody-binding oligopeptides (affinity domains). GRASP is synthesized using simultane...
Imaging findings in epithelioid hemangioendothelioma.

Abstract Purpose-objective Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) is a rare vascular malignancy with varying biologic behavior. The purpose of this study was to identify imaging findings most characteristic of EHE. Methods Retrospective review of clinical and imaging records in patients referred to our Vascular Anomalies Center over a 17 year period with biopsy proven EHE. Results We evaluated 29 patients (17 F) with median age of 16 years (range 2–76 y). The most common presenting symptoms were pain (n = 13) and palpable mass (n = 7). 22 (70%) had multifocal disease. Most common sites of involvement were lung (n = 25), liver (n = 16), bone (n = 12), soft tissue (n = 3) and lymph nodes (n = 1). Of patients with single site disease, 3 had lung, 3 liver, and 1 had bone lesions. In 18/25 with lung disease, there were multiple nodules of varying sizes and characteristics. In 14/16 with hepatic disease there were multiple nodules with predominantly peripheral distribution. Subcapsular retraction was seen in 10/16 and a “lollipop” sign (hepatic or portal vein tapering at the edge of a well-defined hypoenhancing lesion) identified in 5/16. Of 12 osseous lesions, 11 were lytic, 8 involved vertebrae and 9 involved the axial skeleton. Conclusion EHE has varied imaging findings. The most common sites are lungs, liver, and bone, with multi-organ involvement seen in most. Lung disease is most commonly characterized by multiple nodules. Hepatic lesions demonstrate the most distinctive findings, with peripheral distribution, lack of early enhancement, subcapsular retraction and “lollipop” sign. Osseous lesions are commonly lytic and more prevalent in the axial skeleton.
The Deluding and the Deluded

A deluder without the deluded is of limited historical interest. Revolutionaries usually enlist ‘useful idiots’—and what Peter Boettke calls the ‘gullible’ members of the History of Economics Society appear to be the vehicle through which ‘free’ market theocrats seek academic respectability. Hayek told James Buchanan—the ‘George Mason Nobel Laureate’—that propaganda (‘catchwords’) was required. Mises needed ‘Fascists’ to protect oligarchic ‘liberty,’ while Hayek needed Utopian ‘intellectuals’ (‘secondhand dealers in opinion’) who ‘have to play a very important role and are very effective.’ Richard Fink, the GMU co-author of the Hayek-Koch-Fink ‘knowledge’ production line, exclaimed: ‘I can’t figure out how they look at the data and not see the overwhelming benefits of the free market. I just don’t understand it.’ According to I Chose Liberty, most ‘free’ market ‘scholars’ entered their cult as adolescents via Ayn Rand and/or science fiction. But is cult membership conducive to the dispassionate evaluation of evidence? Alan Greenspan—who was mesmerised by his all-night encounters with Ayn Rand, his amphetamine-driven cult leader—was left with faith-driven regrets: ‘Those of us who have looked to the self-interest of lending institutions to protect shareholders’ equity, myself included, are in a state of shocked disbelief.’ ‘Do you feel that your ideology pushed you to make decisions that you wish you had not made?’ Greenspan replied: ‘Yes, I’ve found a flaw. I don’t know how significant or permanent it is. But I’ve been very distressed by that fact.’ Friedman’s willingness to acknowledge error is evidence that he should be located at the scientific end of the ‘knowledge’-to-faith spectrum. Austrian ‘gold’ comes from the Tobacco, Obesity and Fossil Fuel lobby, the Apartheid regime, Pinochet, the Shah of Iran, the Gaddafi family, the United Fruit Company, etc. Are Austrian ‘scholars’ motivated by anything other than the ‘financial considerations’ associated with ‘Staying’ Austrian?
Effect of Competitors’ eWOM in the Mobile Game Market

The competition among the products is common in the business environment. However, the impact of a product’s competitors in consumers’ electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) communications has received li...
The Impact of Vedolizumab on Pre-Existing Extraintestinal Manifestations of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Multicenter Study.

BACKGROUND There are limited data on how vedolizumab (VDZ) impacts extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of this study was to determine the clinical outcomes of EIMs after initiation of VDZ for patients with IBD. METHODS A multicenter retrospective study of patients with IBD who received at least 1 dose of VDZ between January 1, 2014 and August 1, 2019 was conducted. The primary outcome was the rate of worsening EIMs after VDZ. Secondary outcomes were factors associated with worsening EIMs and peripheral arthritis (PA) specifically after VDZ. RESULTS A total of 201 patients with IBD (72.6% with Crohn disease; median age 38.4 years (interquartile range, 29-52.4 years); 62.2% female) with EIMs before VDZ treatment were included. The most common type of EIM before VDZ was peripheral arthritis (PA) (68.2%). Worsening of EIMs after VDZ occurred in 34.8% of patients. There were no statistically significant differences between the worsened EIM (n = 70) and the stable EIM (n = 131) groups in term of age, IBD subtype, or previous and current medical therapy. We found that PA was significantly more common in the worsening EIM group (84.3% vs 59.6%; P < 0.01). Worsening of EIMs was associated with a higher rate of discontinuation of VDZ during study follow-up when compared with the stable EIM group (61.4% vs 44%; P = 0.02). Treatment using VDZ was discontinued specifically because of EIMs in 9.5% of patients. CONCLUSIONS Almost one-third of patients had worsening EIMs after VDZ, which resulted in VDZ discontinuation in approximately 10% of patients. Previous biologic use or concurrent immunosuppressant or corticosteroid therapy did not predict EIM course after VDZ.
Leveraging Uncertainty from Deep Learning for Trustworthy Materials Discovery Workflows

In this paper, we leverage predictive uncertainty of deep neural networks to answer challenging questions material scientists usually encounter in machine learning based materials applications workflows. First, we show that by leveraging predictive uncertainty, a user can determine the required training data set size necessary to achieve a certain classification accuracy. Next, we propose uncertainty guided decision referral to detect and refrain from making decisions on confusing samples. Finally, we show that predictive uncertainty can also be used to detect out-of-distribution test samples. We find that this scheme is accurate enough to detect a wide range of real-world shifts in data, e.g., changes in the image acquisition conditions or changes in the synthesis conditions. Using microstructure information from scanning electron microscope (SEM) images as an example use case, we show that leveraging uncertainty-aware deep learning can significantly improve the performance and dependability of classification models.
Using Multiobjective Optimization to Inform Green Infrastructure Decisions as Part of Robust Integrated Water Resources Management Plans

AbstractUncertainty in the impacts of climate change and development on freshwater resources pose significant challenges for water resources management. Integrated and adaptive approaches to water ...
Examining Interprofessional Collaboration across case managers, peer educators, and counselors in New York City.

Many individuals who are vulnerable to HIV infection and People Living with HIV (PLWH) experience fragmented prevention and care. Prevention and care service integration, pivotal for the HIV care c...
Stem cell quiescence requires PRC2/PRC1-mediated mitochondrial checkpoint

ABSTRACT Both normal and tumorous stem cells can arrest cell division, avoid apoptosis, and then regenerate lost daughter cells following acute genotoxic insult. This protective, reversible proliferative arrest, known as “quiescence,” is still poorly understood. Here, we show that mTOR-regulated mitophagy is required for radiation insult-induced quiescence in Drosophila germline stem cells (GSCs). In GSCs, depletion of mito-fission (Drp1) or mitophagy (Pink1 and Parkin) eliminates entry into quiescence, while depletion of mitochondrial biogenesis (PGC1α) or fusion (Mfn2) eliminates exit from quiescence. We also find that mitophagy-dependent quiescence is under epigenetic control; knockdown of Jarid2 (PRC2) or Pc or Sce (PRC1) stabilizes the mitochondria and locks GSCs out of quiescence, while knockdown of PRC2-specific demethylase, Utx, prevents re-accumulation of the mitochondria and locks GSCs in quiescence. These data suggest that mitochondrial number coordinates reversible quiescence. We further identify that the mechanism of quiescence in both GSCs and human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) relies on mitophagy to deplete the mitochondrial pool of CycE and limit cell cycle progression. This alternative method of G1/S regulation may present new opportunities for therapeutic purposes.
Endothelial Resolution of Inflammation is Delayed Following JAK-driven but not NFκB-dependent Activation

Blood endothelial cells actively regulate egress of leukocytes into peripheral tissues in response to inflammatory insult. The resolution of inflammation is critical for healing and return to homeostasis, but the timing and mechanisms involved in return to a non-inflamed state are not well-understood. We examined vascular endothelial activation comparing NF{kappa}B-driven TNF and JAK/STAT-mediated IFN{gamma}. Pro-adhesive gene expression, phenotype and secretome of human endothelial cells from 6 vascular beds were measured under chronic cytokine stimulation, and after short-term cytokine priming followed by withdrawal. The majority of inducible TNF effectors require continuous exposure for reinforcement of the altered phenotype. NF{kappa}B and target genes are quickly down-regulated in the absence of cytokine. In contrast, the consequences of even short exposure to IFN{gamma} are long-lasting and broad, with sustained elevation of adhesion molecules and chemokines up to 48hr later. JAK/STAT and interferon response factor expression are likewise durable, dependent on new transcription and autonomous of continuous IFN{gamma}. Finally, intact persistent STAT expression and JAK signaling in the endothelium is required to maintain a pro-adhesive phenotype after IFN{gamma} withdrawal, which could be prevented by the JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib. Our results reveal a sustained JAK-dependent perturbation of endothelial function after exposure to IFN{gamma}, but not after NF{kappa}B-driven inflammation.
Risk factors associated with concussions in a college student population

Abstract Purpose To determine risk factors associated with concussion among the general collegiate population using a unique data linkage methodology. Methods Student health medical, counseling, and disability access service data were linked with university enrollment data to provide a comprehensive, deidentified dataset of students who sought care at the student health center for concussion from 2016–2020. Using chi-squared tests and logistic regression, characteristics of students with and without concussion were evaluated. Results During the study period, 506 concussions from 474 students were identified (cumulative incidence rate of 51.7 per 10,000 students). Significant predictors of concussion included: younger age ( Conclusions Linking unique datasets provides a richer understanding of the characteristics and risk factors associated with student concussions than analysis of a single data source. This comprehensive dataset will enable future targeted interventions to prevent and treat college student concussions.
French and Kreyòl in multilingual Haiti: insights on the relationship between language attitudes, language policy, and literacy from Haitian Gonâviens

This targeted, qualitative study examines language attitudes, educational language policy, and literacy in an underrepresented segment of Haiti’s multilingual society. Drawing on decolonizing theor...
In vitro characterization of [3H]VAT in cells, animal and human brain tissues for vesicular acetylcholine transporter

Abstract Vesicular acetylcholine transporter plays a crucial role in the cholinergic system, and its alterations is implicated in several neurodegenerative disorders. We recently developed a PET imaging tracer [18F]VAT to target VAChT in vivo with high affinity and selectivity. Here we report in vitro characterization of [3H]VAT, a tritiated counterpart of [18F]VAT. Using human VAChT-rich cell membrane extracts, a saturated binding curve was obtained for [3H]VAT with Kd = 6.5 nM and Bmax = 22.89 pmol/mg protein. In the [3H]VAT competition-binding assay with a panel of CNS ligands, binding inhibition of [3H]VAT was observed using VAChT ligands, the Ki values ranged from 5.41 to 33.3 nM. No inhibition was detected using a panel of other CNS ligands. In vitro [3H]VAT autoradiography of rat brain sections showed strong signals in the striatum, moderate to high signals in vermis, thalamus, cortex, and hippocampus, and weak signals in cerebellum. Strong [3H]VAT ARG signals were also observed from striatal sections of normal nonhuman primates and human brains. Competitive ARG study with human striatal sections demonstrated strong ARG signals of [3H]VAT in caudate and putamen were blocked significantly by either VAChT ligand TZ659 or (−)-vesamicol, but not by the σ1 receptor ligand Yun-122. ARG study also indicated that signal in the striatal sections from PSP human brains was lower than normal human brains. These data provide solid evidence supporting [18F]VAT as a suitable PET radiotracer for quantitative assessment of VAChT levels in vivo.
Amicus Brief of Family and Child Welfare Law Professors on the Merits of United States v. Windsor

This amicus brief - filed on behalf of over 40 Family and Child Welfare Law Professors - seeks to provide the U.S. Supreme Court with a more complete and accurate understanding of the multiple purposes of marriage, and its relationship to procreation and parentage. The right to marry, the Professors explain, has never been conditioned on an ability or willingness to procreate. Amici also show that there is no legal basis for any assertion that federal law favors biological parentage over the decisions of many married couples - both opposite-sex and same-sex - to adopt children or conceive children through assisted reproduction. The brief also demonstrates that the purported justifications for DOMA lack any basis in federal law or policy and that DOMA undermines state and federal laws and policies regarding families and child welfare. As the brief explains: “DOMA does not change the legal status of any opposite-sex couples or their children, expand their federal protections, or offer any additional inducements to heterosexuals to engage in ‘responsible’ procreation or childrearing. DOMA’s sole effect is to harm married same-sex couples and their children.”
The influence of grain-boundary segregation of Y in Cr2O3 on the oxidation of Cr metal

The oxidation behavior at 900°C of pure Cr and Cr implanted with 2×1016 Y ions/cm2 was studied. The kinetics of oxidation were measured thermogravimetrically and manometrically. The mechanisms of oxide growth were studied using18O-tracer oxidation experiments, and the composition and microstructure of the oxide scales were characterized by TEM and STEM. Segregation of Y cations at Cr2O3 grain boundaries was found to be the critical factor governing changes in the oxidation behavior of Cr upon the addition of Y. In the absence of Y, pure Cr oxidized by the outward diffusion of cations via grain boundaries in the Cr2O3 scale. When Y was present at high concentration in the scale, as when Cr implanted with 2×1010 Y ions/cm2 was oxidized, anion diffusion predominated. It is concluded that strain-induced segregation of Y at grain boundaries in the oxide reduced the cation flux along the grain boundaries. The rate of oxidation was reduced because the grain-boundary diffusivity of cations became lower than the grain-boundary diffusivity of the anions, which then controlled the rate of oxidation. Changes in the relative rates of Cr3+ and O2− transport, as well as a solute-drag effect exerted by Y on the oxide grain boundaries, resulted in changes in the microstructure of the oxide.
Free radical copolymerization of electron-rich vinyl monomers with acrylonitrile complexed to zinc chloride

The spontaneous free radical copolymerizations of a series of electron-rich olefins with acrylonitrile (AN) complexed to zinc chloride (ZnCl2) have been investigated in solution. With styrene (St) and 2-vinylnaphthalene, an alternating copolymerization occurred without added initiator at 40°C. Using p-methylstyrene as the electron-rich olefin, no-initiator spontaneous alternating copolymerization was observed at 30°C. Copolymer formed in an amount equal to that of the ZnCl2 used. With p-methoxystyrene (pMeOSt) and with isobutyl vinyl ether (IBVE), the copolymerizations were conducted in the presence of ethyldiisopropylamine (EDIA) to inhibit cationic homopolymerization of these monomers. The copolymerization with pMeOSt proceeded to high yield, but the copolymers were rich in pMeOSt and the rates were slow presumably due to competitive complexation of ZnCl2 with the methoxy-substituent. Using IBVE only low yields of a random copolymer were obtained, and again competitive coordination with ZnCl2 appears responsible. The small molecules accompanying these spontaneous copolymerizations were shown by GC/MS to possess cyclobutane and Mayo adduct structures. The mechanism of these spontaneous copolymerizations cannot be decided on the basis of the small molecules formed, but the increases of copolymer molecular weight with time at constant yield speaks for a diradical mechanism.
Relationship of Glutaric Acid to the Homocitric Acid Pathway of Biosynthesis of Lysine in Yeast

Abstract Several approaches have been used to elucidate the relationship of glutaric acid to the pathway for the biosynthesis of lysine in yeast. A comparative study of several auxotrophic mutants reveals that α-ketoadipate and glutarate are accumulated only in certain mutants that fail to utilize α-aminoadipic acid, a precursor of lysine, for growth. Neither wild type culture nor mutants that are blocked at intermediary steps leading to α-ketoadipate formation accumulate α-ketoadipate or glutarate. A yeast cell-free preparation decarboxylates α-ketoadipate and the activity is not dependent on oxygen. The α-ketoadipate decarboxylation is similar to α-carboxylase activity of yeast. The product of such a decarboxylation yields a 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone derivative that shows similar chromatographic mobility to the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone of synthetic glutaric semialdehyde. Cell-free preparations from mutant 1y5, which accumulates glutarate and α-ketoadipate, do not show significantly higher decarboxylase activity than wild type yeast with α-ketoadipate as a substrate. Of the radioactivity incorporated into cell protein, the percentage going to lysine is not significantly different when 1,5-14C-glutarate or 2-14C-acetate is used as precursor. These precursors are much less selective for lysine (l10%) than 6-14C-dl-α-aminoadipic acid (g90%) in growing yeast culture. These results indicate that glutaric acid is not an obligatory intermediate of the homocitric acid pathway.
Pelleted and Nonpelleted Cottonseed Hulls for Lactating Dairy Cows

Abstract In two double switchback trials with 12 cows each, pelleted or nonpelleted cottonseed hulls were substituted for 10, 30, or 50% of the alfalfa hay cubes in a ration containing 50% alfalfa hay cubes and 50% high-energy concentrate. No differences due to diet were detected in total milk production, percents fat, protein, solids-not-fat, or fatty acids in milk. Digestibilities of protein, acid detergent fiber, and combustible energy but not fat were depressed progressively as cottonseed hulls increased in the diet.
Jovian, Solar, and other Possible Sources of Radiation Belt Particles

It is well known that electrons, protons, and heavier ions can be accelerated to high energies (≳1 MeV) throughout the solar system by a variety of mechanisms. We review several of the sources of energetic ions and electrons that can produce enhanced fluxes of particles near the Earth's orbit. Solar energetic particles and particles accelerated at interplanetary shock waves are considered. We also review the properties and potential terrestrial influence of Jovian electrons. Recent measurements from the SAMPEX spacecraft in low-Earth orbit are examined to look for extraterrestrial sources of electrons and ions. We find clear evidence of both solar and Jovian electrons at high latitudes and at high altitudes around the Earth, but the durably trapped outer zone electron population seems best and most completely explained by an internal acceleration mechanism.
Emerging potential of exosomes and noncoding microRNAs for the treatment of neurological injury/diseases

Recent discoveries of cellular generation of exosomes, small (∼ 30 - 100 nm) complex lipid membrane structures which encapsulate and transport proteins, RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs) have provided new insight in how cells within organisms communicate. These discoveries will likely have a major impact on the treatment of disease, with cancers and neurological diseases as evident targets. Exosomes provide a major medium of intercellular communications and thereby, there being a potential by altering communications and instructions for protein production, we can employ exosomes to treat diseases. We now have an opportunity to treat neurological disease by modifying intercellular communication networks. Recent work demonstrating that the therapeutic benefit provided by stem cells for the treatments of stroke and traumatic brain injury depend on their generation and release of exosomes provides a foundation for exosome-based therapy. Cell-free exosomes have also been recently employed to effectively treat stroke and brain trauma. The content of exosomes, particularly their miRNA cargo which can concurrently impact the post-transcriptional regulation of many genes, can be regulated. We are at the cusp of capitalizing on this important means of intercellular communications for the treatment of diseases, such as cancers and neurological diseases, among many others.
Can apparent resting state connectivity arise from systemic fluctuations

It is widely accepted that the fluctuations in resting state blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) functional MRI (fMRI) reflect baseline neuronal activation through neurovascular coupling; this data is used to infer functional connectivity in the human brain during rest. Consistent activation patterns, i.e., resting state networks (RSN) are seen across groups, conditions, and even species. In this study, we show that some of these patterns can also be generated from the dynamic, systemic, non-neuronal physiological low frequency oscillations (sLFOs) in the BOLD signal alone. We have previously used multimodal imaging to demonstrate the wide presence of the same sLFOs in the brain (BOLD) and periphery with different time delays. This study shows that these sLFOs from BOLD signals alone can give rise to stable spatial patterns, which can be detected during resting state analyses. We generated synthetic resting state data for 11 subjects based only on subject-specific, dynamic sLFO information obtained from resting state data using concurrent peripheral optical imaging or a novel recursive procedure. We compared the results obtained by performing a group independent component analysis (ICA) on this synthetic data (i.e., the result from simulation) to the results obtained from analysis of the real data. ICA detected most of the eight well-known RSNs, including visual, motor, and default mode networks (DMNs), in both the real and the synthetic data sets. These findings suggest that RSNs may reflect, to some extent, vascular anatomy associated with systemic fluctuations, rather than neuronal connectivity.
Polymerization kinetics of mono- and multifunctional monomers initiated by high-intensity laser pulses: dependence of rate on peak-pulse intensity and chemical structure

During the past few years we have conducted extensive analysis of the laser-initiated polymerization of acrylate type monomers which polymerize by a free-radical mechanism. In this paper we report on the dependence of the rate of polymerization of a variety of monofunctional and multifunctional monomers on the intensity of pulses produced from an excimer laser. In the case of multifunctional systems, the rates of certain monomers show an absence of dependence on the laser intensity over a selected range while others are highly dependent on the laser intensity over a broad range. It appears that the ability to exhibit rapid rates when high intensities are employed is influenced by the mechanism of the macrogelation process which occurs during the polymerization. Also, the photoinitiator type and concentration can play a major role in the dependence of the rate on the pulse light intensity.
Solution and bulk properties of branched polyvinyl acetates part II—Synthesis of some branched polyvinyl acetates

Abstract A series of comb-shaped branched polyvinyl acetates has been prepared by a graft polymerization technique. Branches of a specified average chain length have been grafted to a linear backbone polymer with a narrow molecular weight distribution. The branched polymers have a molecular weight distribution whose breadth is very close to the linear fraction used for the backbone chain. The number average molecular weight of the branches has been varied from 18 000 to 106 000. The molecular weight of the linear backbone polymers is of the order of one million.