cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nutrition: What Hospitality Students Think and Know

The purpose of this research was to determine the nutrition knowledge level of students in four-year hospitality programs in Texas, their attitudes toward nutrition in general (general attitudes), and their attitudes toward the role of nutrition in commercial foodservice (restaurant attitudes). Correlations between knowledge and attitudes and differences based on gender, age, college classification, and completion of a college nutrition course were also examined. Hospitality manage ment majors in baccalaureate programs at three Texas universities completed 454 usable questionnaires. Although nutrition knowledge was not extensive, general and restaurant nutrition attitudes were positive. Knowledge was influenced by all factors except gender. General attitudes were influenced by gender, age, and college classification. Only gender influenced restaurant attitudes. Knowledge was posi tively correlated with favorable attitudes. Hospitality students should be taught courses on nutrition knowledge throughout the...
Application of UV and NIR Bands for the Advanced IOP Retrieval Algorithms in Coastal Waters

Improvement of algorithms for the retrieval of inherent optical properties (IOPs) as well as concentrations of chlorophyll (CHL) and minerals from the recorded reflectance spectra remains an important issue in the analysis of water quality in coastal zones. It is expected that the retrievals could be improved if both UV and NIR channels are added to the existing VIS bands. This paper examines the performance of over constrained linear matrix inversion with statistical selection algorithm when additional information from UV and NIR channels is added to the retrievals for both synthetic and field data.
Tax Increment Financing in Chicago, IL, Building Neoliberal Exclusion One School at a Time

This is a non-final version of an article published in final form in Knessl, C. and Yao, H. A note on the transition from diffusion with the flow to diffusion against the flow, for first passage times in singularly perturbed drift-diffusion models. Asymptotic Analysis. 2015. 91(3-4): 205-231. DOI: 10.3233/ASY-141259. © The Author(s) 2013. sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/0896920513492806
Use of Fungal Laccases to Facilitate Biodethatching: A New Approach

Accumulation of excessive organic matter as thatch restricts permeability of putting greens and is one of the most difficult problems in turfgrass management. A greenhouse experiment using potted bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) determined the efficacy of a ligninolytic enzyme, laccase, in reducing organic matter accumulation in the thatch-mat layer. Laccase was added biweekly at 0, 0.206, 2.06, and 20.6 units of activity/cm 2 with and without guaiacol (2-methoxyphenol), a mediator of laccase, and sampling was performed after two and nine months. Parameters investigated included thickness of the organic layer, thatch layer and mat layer, organic matter content, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and lignin content. Organic matter and thatch layer increased between the two sampling dates in all treatments. Laccase was shown to be effective in slowing the rate of accumulation of organic matter and thatch layer. After two months, application of 20.6 units/cm 2 of laccase reduced organic layer thickness by 8.7% and extractive-free total lignin content by 8.4% when compared with non-treated control. After nine months, laccase application rates of 2.06 units/cm 2 reduced organic matter and thatch layer thickness by 15.6% and 45.0%, respectively, below levels observed in the non-treated control. Applications using 0.206 units/cm 2 of laccase were ineffective. Laccase applications had no influence on turf quality. These positive responses suggest laccase treatments could be a non-disruptive option for thatch and/or mat control in bentgrass.
The role of insulin in the vascular contributions to age-related dementia

In addition to its well-known role in energy metabolism in the body, insulin is a vasoactive hormone that regulates peripheral and cerebral blood flow and neuronal function. Vascular and metabolic dysfunctions are emerging risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and age-related dementias, and recent evidence suggests that the two pathways are constitutive and interrelated. As a result, an emphasis on correcting metabolic disorders is emerging as an important strategy in the treatment and prevention of age-related cognitive impairment and AD. We review the evidence regarding the unique and interactive effects of vascular and metabolic disorders in pathological brain aging, with special consideration of the role of insulin dysregulation in promoting AD pathologic processes and vascular brain injury. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Vascular Contributions to Cognitive Impairment and Dementia edited by M. Paul Murphy, Roderick A. Corriveau and Donna M. Wilcock.
Evolution of Nine Microsatellite Loci in the Fungus Fusarium oxysporum

The evolution of nine microsatellites and one minisatellite was investigated in the fungus Fusarium oxysporum and sister taxa Fusarium redolens and Fusarium verticillioides. Compared to other organisms, fungi have been reported to contain fewer and less polymorphic microsatellites. Mutational patterns over evolutionary time were studied for these ten loci by mapping changes in core repeat numbers onto a phylogeny based on the sequence of the conserved translation elongation factor 1-α gene. The patterns of microsatellite formation, expansion, and interruption by base substitutions were followed across the phylogeny, showing that these loci are evolving in a manner similar to that of microsatellites in other eukaryotes. Most mutations could be fit to a stepwise mutation model, but a few appear to have involved multiple repeat units. No evidence of gene conversion was seen at the minisatellite locus, which may also be mutating by replication slippage. Some homoplastic numbers of repeat units were observed for these loci, and polymorphisms in the regions flanking the microsatellites may provide better genetic markers for population genetics studies of these species.
Abstract #LB-247: Walnut consumption decreases mammary gland tumor incidence, multiplicity and growth in the C(3)1Tag transgenic mouse

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 18-22, 2009; Denver, CO Many scientists now think that diet can alter our risk for developing cancer. Much work is ongoing to identify dietary changes that might reduce risk for cancer. We have reported that consumption of walnuts could reduce breast cancer growth. Walnuts contain multiple ingredients that, individually, have been shown to slow cancer growth including omega 3 fatty acids, antioxidants and phytosterols. We wanted to determine whether regular walnut consumption might also reduce the risk for developing cancer. The walnut content of the diet (18% w/w walnut) was equivalent to a human consumption of 2 servings (2 ounces) per day. Homozygous, male C(3)1 TAg mice were bred with female SV129 mice that were consuming either the control AIN-76 diet or the walnut containing diet. At weaning, the female hemizygous pups were placed on the same diet as the mother. We found that consumption of walnut significantly reduced: tumor incidence (fraction of mice with at least one tumor), the number of glands with tumor and tumor size. Gas chromatography showed that the walnut diet increased the alpha-linolenic acid (omega 3 fatty acid) and decreased the arachidonic acid (omega 6 fatty acid) content of the mammary gland. Gene expression analyses indicated that consumption of the walnut diet altered expression of multiple genes that would be expected to slow proliferation, increase apoptosis and speed differentiation of the mammary epithelial cells. A comparison with another study that had the same omega 3 content as in the walnut diet indicates that the omega 3 content alone could not account for the extent of tumor suppression due to the walnut diet, thus the other components of the walnut also contributed to tumor suppression. The results of this study indicate that walnut consumption could contribute to a healthy diet to reduce risk for breast cancer. Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr LB-247.
Acta Academica, Supplementum 2 (multilingualism and the media)

Acta Academica, Supplementum 2 (multilingualism and the media), edited by Theodorus du Plessis and Pol Cuvelier, Bloemfontein, SA, UV-SASOL Biblioteek, 2007, 210 pp., €18.15+S&H, ISSN 0587-2405 Thi...
The Colorado-retinopathy of prematurity model (CO-ROP): postnatal weight gain screening algorithm.

Purpose To describe a novel retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening model incorporating birth weight, gestational age, and postnatal weight gain that maintains sensitivity but improves specificity in detecting all grades of ROP compared to current 2013 screening guidelines. Methods The medical records of 499 neonates from a single tertiary referral center who met the 2013 screening guidelines for ROP were retrospectively reviewed. Weekly weights were analyzed using standard logistic regression to determine the age at which the weekly net weight gain best predicted the development of ROP, which was designated as the postnatal weight gain criterion. The 2013 birth weight and gestational age criteria were included in an "and" fashion to form the CO-ROP model. Sensitivities and specificities in detecting high grade (type 1 and 2) and all grades of ROP were calculated. Results The CO-ROP model screens infants with a gestational age at birth of ≤30 weeks and birth weight of ≤1500 g and net weight gain of ≤650 g between birth and 1 month of age. In our cohort, CO-ROP had a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI, 92.1%-100.0%) for high-grade (type 1 and 2) ROP and 96.4% (95% CI, 92.3%-98.7%) for all grades of ROP. It would reduce the number of infants screened by 23.7% compared to 2013 guidelines. Calibrating the model to detect only high-grade ROP would result in a 45.9% reduction in the total number of infants screened. Conclusions CO-ROP is a simple model that maintains a statistically similar sensitivity in detecting all grades of ROP while significantly reducing the total number of required ROP screenings compared to 2013 guidelines. The study had a small sample size but shows promise for future research and clinical efforts.
Food insecurity in veteran households: findings from nationally representative data.

Objective The present study is the first to use nationally representative data to compare rates of food insecurity among households with veterans of the US Armed Forces and non-veteran households. Design We used data from the 2005–2013 waves of the Current Population Survey – Food Security Supplement to identify rates of food insecurity and very low food security in veteran and non-veteran households. We estimated the odds and probability of food insecurity in veteran and non-veteran households in uncontrolled and controlled models. We replicated these results after separating veteran households by their most recent period of service. We weighted models to create nationally representative estimates. Setting Nationally representative data from the 2005–2013 waves of the Current Population Survey – Food Security Supplement. Subjects US households (n 388 680). Results Uncontrolled models found much lower rates of food insecurity (8·4 %) and very low food security (3·3 %) among veteran households than in non-veteran households (14·4 % and 5·4 %, respectively), with particularly low rates among households with older veterans. After adjustment, average rates of food insecurity and very low food security were not significantly different for veteran households. However, the probability of food insecurity was significantly higher among some recent veterans and significantly lower for those who served during the Vietnam War. Conclusions Although adjusting eliminated many differences between veteran and non-veteran households, veterans who served from 1975 and onwards may be at higher risk for food insecurity and should be the recipients of targeted outreach to improve nutritional outcomes.
FEMALE FECUNDITY IN A HYBRID ZONE BETWEEN TWO CHROMOSOME RACES OF THE SCELOPORUS GRAMMICUS COMPLEX (SAURIA, PHRYNOSOMATIDAE).

Individuals of the F5 and FM2 cytotypes of the Sceloporus grammicus complex form a narrow zone of parapatric hybridization near Tulancingo, Hidalgo, Mexico. Reproductive parameters were examined among chromosomally parental and hybrid females to assess the degree to which reduced clutch size is correlated with the level of chromosomal heterozygosity. Although clutch size in the two parental groups was highly correlated with female body size, this was not the case for females with intermediate karyotypes. These females displayed increased levels of infertility manifested as smaller clutches and as inviable embryos. F1 females produced the smallest average clutches and suffered the most precipitous fecundity loss (up to 75%). The number of heterozygous marker chromosomes and heterozygosity at chromosome 2 had significant effects on the number of viable embryos. Analysis of embryo karyotypes revealed the production of triploid offspring and an excess number of embryos heterozygous at chromosome 1. Differences in viability, among females heterozygous for the same number of chromosomes, suggest that genetic background of the female and/or sire may be an important factor in determining reproductive success.
A Journey in Standard Development: The Core Manufacturing Simulation Data (CMSD) Information Model

This report documents a journey "from research to an approved standard" of a NIST-led standard development activity. That standard, Core Manufacturing Simulation Data (CMSD) information model, provides neutral structures for the efficient exchange of manufacturing data in a simulation environment. The model was standardized under the auspices of the international Simulation Interoperability Standards Organization (SISO). NIST started the research in 2001 and initiated the standardization effort in 2004. The CMSD standard was published in two SISO Products. In the first Product, the information model was defined in the Unified Modeling Language (UML) and published in 2010 as SISO-STD-008-2010. In the second Product, the information model was defined in Extensible Markup Language (XML) and published in 2013 as SISO-STD-008-01-2012. Both SISO-STD-008-2010 and SISO-STD-008-01-2012 are intended to be used together.
Long‐term persistence, density dependence and effects of climate change on rosyside dace (Cyprinidae)

SUMMARY 1. We used long-term population data for rosyside dace (Clinostomus funduloides), a numerically dominant member of a stochastically organised fish assemblage, to evaluate the relative importance of density-dependent and density-independent processes to population persistence. 2. We also evaluated the potential impacts of global climate change (GCC) on this species and predicted how directional environmental changes will affect dace. 3. We sampled two 30 m permanent sites in spring and autumn in the Coweeta catchment for rosyside dace density using three-pass electrofishing between 1984 and 1995, and a single 100 m site from 1991 to 2003. 4. Habitat availability and flow variation data for this 20-year period demonstrated that two droughts (1985–1988 and 1999–2002) produced smaller wetted areas, lower mean, maximum and minimum flows, fewer high flow events and greater amounts of depositional substrata in the sites. 5. Droughts produced significant increases in abundance, and significant decreases in standard length and mass of rosyside dace. Increases in abundance were mainly due to increased survival/ immigration of young-of-the-year (YOY). 6. Model selection analysis using multiple single and multivariable models indicated that density dependence in various forms possessed substantial explanatory power with respect to long-term variation in the per-capita rate of increase (r) in all sites and seasons. Density-dependent effects on r were stronger in autumn than spring, whereas negative density-independent models (flow variation) had the greatest explanatory power in spring. 7. Results for growth data were similar to those for rosyside dace density and confirm density dependence likely through intraspecific competition for food or foraging sites leading to reduced growth at higher densities. 8. These data support the hypothesis that species may persist in stochastic animal assemblages via strong intraspecific density dependence. Greater flow variability or increased high flows produced by GCC may destabilise this population leading to reduced compensation and possibly eventual extinction.
Screening of blood donors for hepatitis-associated antigen and antibody.

A total of 10,470 donors was tested for hepatitisassociated antigen (HAA) and HAA antibody by immunoelectroosmophoresis and agar gel immunodiffusion technics. Of the donors studied, 73 were found to be positive for HAA and 65 for anti-HAA, 39 of whom were not among the HAA-positive. It appears that a significant additional number of potential carriers can be detected by testing for HAA antibody. Testing for both HAA and anti-HAA can be performed easily, with only a slight increase in time, effort, and cost.
The Use of Perinatal 6-Hydroxydopamine to Produce a Rodent Model of Lesch–Nyhan Disease

Lesch-Nyhan disease is a neurologically, metabolically, and behaviorally devastating condition that has eluded complete characterization and adequate treatment. While it is known that the disease is intimately associated with dysfunction of the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1 (HPRT1) gene that codes for an enzyme of purine metabolism (hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase) and is associated with neurological, behavioral, as well as metabolic dysfunction, the mechanisms of the neurobehavioral manifestations are as yet unclear. However, discoveries over the past few decades not only have created useful novel animal models (e.g., the HPRT-deficient mouse and the serendipitously discovered perinatal 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA lesion model), but also have expanded into epigenetic, genomic, and proteomic approaches to better understand the mechanisms underlying this disease. The perinatal 6-OHDA model, in addition to modeling self-injury and dopamine depletion in the clinical condition, also underscores the profound importance of development in the differential course of maladaptive progression in the face of a common/single neurotoxic insult at different ages. Recent developments from clinical and basic science efforts attest to the fact that while the disease would seem to have a simple single gene defect at its core, the manifestations of this defect are profound and unexpectedly diverse. Future efforts employing the 6-OHDA model and others in the context of the novel technologies of genome editing, chemo- and opto-genetics, epigenetics, and further studies on the mechanisms of stress-induced maladaptations in brain all hold promise in taking our understanding of this disease to the next level.
Tips for Making a Presentation

The successful presenter is not only an effective transmitter of knowledge, but also an impressive communicator. These tips can help you be that person.
Oklahoma Appellate Courts and Secondary Authority

This study explores the use of secondary authority by the Oklahoma Supreme Court, Oklahoma Court of Civil Appeals, and Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals. Opinions from the years 1976, 1996, and 2016 were examined and analyzed for their use of secondary authority. Citations to treatises, law reviews, Restatements, non-law dictionaries, and other non-legal secondary sources are analyzed in-depth. The study considers the impact of computer assisted legal research on the courts’ citation practices. The study includes suggestions for Oklahoma appellate practitioners based on the citation patterns of the courts over the past four decades. This study is currently in process. A pre-publication copy will be made available in the future.
Dimensionality reduction-based fusion approaches for imaging and non-imaging biomedical data: concepts, workflow, and use-cases

With a wide array of multi-modal, multi-protocol, and multi-scale biomedical data being routinely acquired for disease characterization, there is a pressing need for quantitative tools to combine these varied channels of information. The goal of these integrated predictors is to combine these varied sources of information, while improving on the predictive ability of any individual modality. A number of application-specific data fusion methods have been previously proposed in the literature which have attempted to reconcile the differences in dimensionalities and length scales across different modalities. Our objective in this paper was to help identify metholodological choices that need to be made in order to build a data fusion technique, as it is not always clear which strategy is optimal for a particular problem. As a comprehensive review of all possible data fusion methods was outside the scope of this paper, we have focused on fusion approaches that employ dimensionality reduction (DR). In this work, we quantitatively evaluate 4 non-overlapping existing instantiations of DR-based data fusion, within 3 different biomedical applications comprising over 100 studies. These instantiations utilized different knowledge representation and knowledge fusion methods, allowing us to examine the interplay of these modules in the context of data fusion. The use cases considered in this work involve the integration of (a) radiomics features from T2w MRI with peak area features from MR spectroscopy for identification of prostate cancer in vivo, (b) histomorphometric features (quantitative features extracted from histopathology) with protein mass spectrometry features for predicting 5 year biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer patients, and (c) volumetric measurements on T1w MRI with protein expression features to discriminate between patients with and without Alzheimers’ Disease. Our preliminary results in these specific use cases indicated that the use of kernel representations in conjunction with DR-based fusion may be most effective, as a weighted multi-kernel-based DR approach resulted in the highest area under the ROC curve of over 0.8. By contrast non-optimized DR-based representation and fusion methods yielded the worst predictive performance across all 3 applications. Our results suggest that when the individual modalities demonstrate relatively poor discriminability, many of the data fusion methods may not yield accurate, discriminatory representations either. In summary, to outperform the predictive ability of individual modalities, methodological choices for data fusion must explicitly account for the sparsity of and noise in the feature space.
Anisotropic Electron Tail Generation during Tearing Mode Magnetic Reconnection.

The first experimental evidence of anisotropic electron energization during magnetic reconnection that favors a direction perpendicular to the guide magnetic field in a toroidal, magnetically confined plasma is reported in this Letter. Magnetic reconnection plays an important role in particle heating, energization, and transport in space and laboratory plasmas. In toroidal devices like the Madison Symmetric Torus, discrete magnetic reconnection events release large amounts of energy from the equilibrium magnetic field. Fast x-ray measurements imply a non-Maxwellian, anisotropic energetic electron tail is formed at the time of reconnection. The tail is well described by a power-law energy dependence. The expected bremsstrahlung from an electron distribution with an anisotropic energetic tail (${v}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}g{v}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}$) spatially localized in the core region is consistent with x-ray emission measurements. A turbulent process related to tearing fluctuations is the most likely cause for the energetic electron tail formation.
Building a mentoring network.

Abstract Background Mentoring has long been regarded as one of the key components of research training and faculty development. Purpose The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Nurse Faculty Scholars program purposely facilitated scholars’ development of a mentoring network by providing each individual with three mentors: a school-of-nursing mentor (primary), a university-based non-nurse research mentor (research), and a nationally-recognized nurse leader at another university (national). Method The Mentorship Effectiveness Scale was used to assess the effectiveness of each type of mentor in the first five completed cohorts. Discussion The ratings of mentorship effectiveness for all three kinds of mentors were generally high. Scholars valued most their mentors’ support and advocacy; the biggest weakness in dealing with all mentors was accessibility. Conclusion Even when one mentor proved a poor match, another mentor turned out to be an advocate and helpful, thus reaffirming the benefits of a mentoring network as opposed to only a single mentoring relationship. One lesson learned is the importance of preparing mentors for their role via written materials, in-person or phone orientations, and discussions at the annual meeting.
Estrutura populacional da carapeba (Diapterus rhombeus) em um sistema estuarino do sudeste do Brasil

Santos estuary suffers anthropic influence through various activities, including fisheries. Caitipa mojarra (Diapterus rhombeus) is among the exploited resources of the region and, despite its importance, it still has not been well studied. The main goal of this study was to analyze the population structure of this species regarding gonadal development, age and growth. For the analysis of gonadal development, samplings were carried out between November 2008 and August 2011, gathering in total 6,639 individuals. The age and growth parameters were analyzed from a data base of the species, which contained information from samplings from October 2007 to September 2011. Most of the specimens caught (71.93%) was considered juvenile and only 0.68% were spawning. From gonadal maturity, sexual proportion and length classes of the individuals, it could be seen that this species does not spawn within Santos estuary. The growth parameters estimates were L∞ of 262.5 mm, k = 0.24/year and longevity of 12.48 years.
Towards practical program repair with on-demand candidate generation

Effective program repair techniques, which modify faulty programs to fix them with respect to given test suites, can substantially reduce the cost of manual debugging. A common repair approach is to iteratively first generate candidate programs with possible bug fixes and then validate them against the given tests until a candidate that passes all the tests is found. While this approach is conceptually simple, due to the potentially high number of candidates that need to first be generated and then be compiled and tested, existing repair techniques that embody this approach have relatively low effectiveness, especially for faults at a fine granularity. To tackle this limitation, we introduce a novel repair technique, SketchFix, which generates candidate fixes on demand (as needed) during the test execution. Instead of iteratively re-compiling and re-executing each actual candidate program, SketchFix translates faulty programs to sketches, i.e., partial programs with "holes", and compiles each sketch once which may represent thousands of concrete candidates. With the insight that the space of candidates can be reduced substantially by utilizing the runtime behaviors of the tests, SketchFix lazily initializes the candidates of the sketches while validating them against the test execution. We experimentally evaluate SketchFix on the Defects4J benchmark and the experimental results show that SketchFix works particularly well in repairing bugs with expression manipulation at the AST node-level granularity compared to other program repair techniques. Specifically, SketchFix correctly fixes 19 out of 357 defects in 23 minutes on average using the default setting. In addition, SketchFix finds the first repair with 1.6% of re-compilations (#compiled sketches/#candidates) and 3.0% of re-executions out of all repair candidates.
Rapid Detection of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Using Quantum Dot-Based Optical Aptasensor

This paper reports an optical “TURN OFF” aptasensor, which is comprised of a deoxyribonucleic acid aptamer attached to a quantum dot on the $5^{\prime }$ terminus and gold nanoparticle on the $3^{\prime }$ terminus. The photoluminescence intensity is observed to decrease upon progressive addition of the target protein tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- $\alpha $ ) to the sensor. For PBS-based TNF- $\alpha $ samples, the beacon exhibited 19%–20% quenching at around 22 nM concentration. The photoluminescence intensity and the quenching efficiency showed a linear decrease and a linear increase, respectively, between 0 to 22.3 nM TNF- $\alpha $ . The detection limit of the sensor was found to be 97.2 pM. Specificity test results determined that the sensor has higher selectivity toward TNF- $\alpha $ than other control proteins such as C—reactive protein, albumin, and transferrin. The beacon successfully detected different concentrations of TNF- $\alpha $ in human serum-based samples exhibiting around 10% quenching efficiency at 12.5 nM of the protein.
Seeking safety: An evidence-based model for substance abuse and trauma/PTSD.

Publisher Summary Seeking Safety is designed to continually attend to both PTSD and substance use disorders (SUD). Both are treated at the same time by the same clinician. This integrated model contrasts with a sequential model in which the client is treated for one disorder and then the other. The multiple needs, impulsivity, and intense affect of PTSD/SUD clients can lead to derailed sessions if the clinician does not create clear structure. Each topic in Seeking Safety is independent of the others and can be conducted as a single session or over multiple sessions, depending on the client's length of stay and needs. There are no particular coping skills or topics that clients must master, but rather they are offered a wide variety to choose from. The treatment is flexible to allow clients' most important concerns to be kept primary, to allow adaptation to a variety of settings, to respect clinicians' judgments, and to encourage clinicians to remain inspired and interested in the work. These concerns are believed paramount for a population such as this, where the risks of client drop out and clinician burnout are high. The suggestions for selecting a Seeking Safety clinician are also described.
Developing Program Evaluation: An Ongoing Process

(1975). Developing Program Evaluation: An Ongoing Process. Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Western College Reading Association: Vol. 8, Proceedings of the Eight Annual Conference of the WCRA. College Learning Skills Today and Tomorrowland, pp. 203-206.
Polynomial Time Algorithms for Obtaining Permutation Distributions

Polynomial time algorithms are presented for finding the permutation distribution of any statistic which is a linear combination of some function of either the original observations or the ranks. The algorithms require polynomial time as opposed to complete enumeration algorithms which require exponential time. This savings is effected by first calculating and then inverting the characteristic function of the statistic.
Phase I study of trametinib and neoadjuvant chemoradiation (CRT) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancers (LARC) that harbor KRAS, BRAF, or NRAS mutations.

e14126Background: KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF mutations constitutively activate and dysregulate the MAPK pathway in colorectal cancer. Pre-clinical data suggest that MEK 1/2 inhibition radiosensitizes RAS...
NAMPT expression in stage I/II pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

e15735Background: NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), a vital cofactor in redox reactions and a substrate for many enzymes, plays a critical role in cellular metabolism. NAMPT (nicotinamide ph...
Medical Versus Surgical Treatment of Pediatric Acute Mastoiditis: A Systematic Review.

Objective There is no standard of care for treatment of pediatric acute mastoiditis (PAM). We systematically reviewed the English literature to evaluate the efficacy of PAM treatment options. Methods PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to January 2016, along with manual bibliography searches, for studies describing surgical or medical therapy. Two independent evaluators reviewed each abstract and article. Results We identified 310 articles, and 55 met inclusion criteria. Thirty-three evaluated surgical options and included 2,930 patients (mean age = 2.8 years) including those with myringotomy ± tube placement (n = 920); 140 needed additional surgery, drainage of subperisoteal abscess (SPA) (n = 142) ± myringotomy or tube placement, 29 patients needed additional surgery and mastoidectomy ± myringotomy or tube placement (n = 612), with 611 reporting resolution. Using a random effects model, the estimated success probability with 95% confidence intervals (CI) are myringotomy ± tube placement 94% (95% CI: 84.5%-97.8%), and drainage of subperiosteal abscess with concurrent myringotomy ± tube placement was 86.5% (95% CI: 66.4%-95.4%). Using a random effects model, mastoidectomy success was 99.7% (95% CI: 77.5%-100%). Nineteen studies evaluated medical therapy (n = 990 patients). The average cure rate was 71.7% (median = 70%; range, 26.3%-100%), and estimated success was 72.9% (95% CI: 60.5%-82.5%) by meta-analysis. Conclusions Myringotomy with or without tube placement and mastoidectomy have the highest cure rates for PAM. With SPA, incision and drainage with myringotomy with or without tube can be considered. Medical treatment cured nearly 72% of children. Ultimately, management should be based on surgeons' experience and judgment, patient characteristics, and severity of disease. Laryngoscope, 129:754-760, 2019.
Obstacles to quantum annealing in a planar embedding of XORSAT

We introduce a planar embedding of the $k$-regular $k$-XORSAT problem, in which solutions are encoded in the ground state of a classical statistical mechanics model of reversible logic gates arranged on a square grid and acting on bits that represent the Boolean variables of the problem. The special feature of this embedding is that the resulting model lacks a finite-temperature phase transition, thus bypassing the first-order thermodynamic transition known to occur in the random graph representation of XORSAT. In spite of this attractive feature, the thermal relaxation into the ground state displays remarkably slow glassy behavior. The question addressed in this paper is whether this planar embedding can afford an efficient path to solution of $k$-regular $k$-XORSAT via quantum adiabatic annealing. We first show that our model bypasses an avoided level crossing and consequent exponentially small gap in the limit of small transverse fields. We then present quantum Monte Carlo results for our embedding of the $k$-regular $k$-XORSAT that strongly support a picture in which second-order and first-order transitions develop at a finite transverse field for $k=2$ and $k=3$, respectively. This translates into power-law and exponential dependences in the scaling of energy gaps with system size, corresponding to times-to-solution which are, respectively, polynomial and exponential in the number of variables. We conclude that neither classical nor quantum annealing can efficiently solve our reformulation of XORSAT, even though the original problem can be solved in polynomial time by Gaussian elimination.
Global Economy, Citizenship Pluralism, Transmigrant Mobility, and the Sojourn-Immigrant Vietnamese Americans

Drawing on empirical analysis, this essay examines the migrant experience of a new Vietnamese transmigrant community whose migratory impetuses are prompted by better educational and professional co...
Imaging findings in pediatric single‐sided deafness and asymmetric hearing loss

Objective To examine the imaging findings on computer tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in pediatric single-sided deafness (SSD) and asymmetric hearing loss (ASH). Methods The medical records of 189 pediatric patients with SSD and ASH were retrospectively reviewed, and imaging findings were compared. SSD was defined as unilateral profound hearing loss and contralateral normal hearing ear. In the ASH group, ASHw was defined as the worse hearing ear with profound hearing loss, while ASHb was defined as the better hearing ear with mild-moderate hearing loss. Results There were 170 patients with SSD and 19 patients with ASH. In the SSD group, 83 patients (48.8%) had imaging findings associated with hearing loss. In the ASH group, such imaging findings were found in six (31.6%) of the ASHw and in five (26.3%) of the ASHb ears. The most common finding in the SSD group was cochlear nerve deficiency (50.6%), followed by cochlear dysplasia (39.8%) and enlarged vestibular aqueduct (26.5%). In the ASH groups, cochlear dysplasia was seen in three (50%) of ASHw ears and in two (40%) of the ASHb ears, and enlarged vestibular aqueduct was seen in three (50%) of ASHw ears and in two (40%) of the ASHb ears. Conclusion Imaging studies identified the etiology in half of the cases of SSD and in one-third of ASH patients. Our findings strongly support the use of imaging studies in the evaluation of pediatric SSD and ASH. Level of evidence 4 Laryngoscope, 130:1007-1010, 2020.
Reproductive and maternal performance of rotational three-breed, and Inter Se crossbred cows in Florida

Reproductive, calf growth, and cow weight data were collected during a 16-yr period in southern Florida. Data included 1,767 calves at weaning from purebred, F1, backcross, F2, and three-breed crossbred cows of the Angus (A), Brahman (B), and Charolais (C) breeds. The purebred cows primarily produced purebred calves, the F1 and F2 Cows produced inter se crossbred calves, and the backcross cows produced 3/8:5/8 calves. The 1/2 C:1/4 A:1/4 B three-breed crossbred cows were mated to A series, whereas three-breed crossbred dams with breed compositions of 1/2 B:1/4 A:1/4 C, and 1/2 A:1/4 B:1/4 C were mated to C and B sires, respectively. For analysis of additive breed and heterosis effects, pregnancy rate and cow weight were considered to be traits of the dam alone. The A additive breed effect increased (P < .05) pregnancy rate but reduced (P < .001) cow weight. The effects of AB, AC, and BC heterozygosity all increased pregnancy rate, but the advantage was greater for the crosses that involved B. Both AB and BC heterozygosity increased (P < .001) cow weight, whereas AC did not. The additive direct effect of B and C increased birth weight (BWT) and weaning weight (WWT). The additive maternal effect of B reduced BWT. The direct effect of AB heterozygosity increased BWT and WWT, and that of BC increased only WWT (P < .001). A comparable pattern was observed for maternal heterosis on weight traits. A much smaller effect of AC maternal heterosis on WWT was found. Pregnancy rates of F1, backcross, and three-breed dams were similar.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Healthcare provider perceptions of disparities in perioperative care

Abstract Introduction Many strategies to alleviate racial/ethnic disparities in surgical care target healthcare providers. Yet limited data exists about the perception of disparities among the range of clinical staff who work in perioperative settings. Such information could help initiate conversations about disparities in perioperative care and, if necessary, implement interventions to alleviate them. Our aim was to evaluate the association between sociodemographic characteristics, clinical position (physicians and non-physicians) and perception of perioperative disparities at a large tertiary care center. Methods We surveyed perioperative staff at the institution using an anonymous online survey. Primary outcome was respondents' perception of disparities in perioperative care at the institution due to patients' insurance status/type, ability to speak English, education, and racial/ethnic minority status. The association between clinical position (physician vs. non-physician) and perception of disparities was assessed in bivariate and then multivariable analysis, adjusting for respondents' race, sex, age, and years at the institution. Secondary outcomes included perception of disparities in perioperative care in the United States due to patients’ insurance status/type, ability to speak English, education, and racial/ethnic minority status. Results 217 completed questions that could be analyzed. Among these responders, 101 were physicians (46.5%), 165 (76.0%) were white, and 144 (66.4.%) were female. Bivariate and multivariate analysis revealed that physicians had higher perception of disparities in perioperative care at the institution based on patients’ ability to speak English, education, and racial/ethnic minority status. Physicians also had higher perceptions of disparities in perioperative care in the United States than non-physicians. Conclusions Physicians reported higher perceptions of disparities in perioperative care than non-physicians, potentially explained by differences in training or contact with patients. Such findings serve as a first step at examining and discussing disparities in perioperative care and warrant further study.
Missed Targets, Reaction Times and Arousal are Related to Trait Anxiety and Attention to Pain During an Experimental Vigilance Task with a Painful Target.

Subjects detected moderately painful target stimuli in a train of mildly painful nontarget stimuli, which resulted in vigilance performance metrics, including missed targets, reaction times, and ps...
Management of humeral impending or pathological fractures with intramedullary nailing: reaming versus non reaming technique—a retrospective comparative study

To compare reamed intramedullary nailing (RIM) versus un-reamed intramedullary nailing (URIM) for the treatment of impending and pathological fractures of the humeral shaft in terms of 24-h postoperative pain, blood transfusion requirements, surgical time, surgical complications, medical complications, length of stay and consolidation rates. A retrospective comparative study between January 2013 and December 2018 was conducted. Student’s t test, Mann–Whitney U and Chi-square tests were used to detect differences within the two study groups. Multiple linear regression was done to adjust for possible confounders. A total of 53 patients (33 RIM vs. 20 URIM) underwent humeral nailing. Fifteen (28%) were impending fractures (7 RIM vs. 8 URIM). Multiple myeloma (49%) and metastatic carcinoma (39.6%) were the most common etiologies. Pain score (5.13 ± 0.68 RIM vs. 6.78 ± 0.62 URIM; p = 0.082) and total dose of opioids (33.125 ± 27.6 RIM vs. 33.3 ± 22.28 URIM; p = 0.462) showed similar results. Blood transfusion was more prevalent within RIM group (34.48% RIM vs. 20% URIM; p = 0.044) with a clinical tendency of higher blood loss (207.86 ± 150.83RIM vs. 127.00 ± 179.98 URIM; p = 0.092). There was a consolidation rate of 71.05% (27/38) with no statistical difference (73.08% (19/26) RIM vs. 66.67% (8/12) URIM; p = 0.685). Our study suggests possible benefit of URIM in terms of less blood transfusions with no difference in consolidation rates. Even though without significance, a tendency to less blood loss, less events of systemic complication and lower length of stay was observed with URIM. Despite its limitations, this study can be used to design future prospective ventures that quantify patient-reported outcomes and provide more clear evidence.
The Limits of the Commune: A Review of The Mystery of the Kibbutz

Ran Abramitzky's book, The Mystery of the Kibbutz: Egalitarian Principles in a Capitalist World, tries to answer the questions of why the communal kibbutz worked so well in Israel's formative years and what limits its current success in modern Israel. Initial ideological commitment and the special circumstances of Israel's founding led to unusual success when combined with well-thought-out rules on behavior and entry. Over time, the commitment to socialistic income sharing has not worked so well, given modern technology and global commerce. The author links up these ideas to the broader issue of organizational structure but misses out on some opportunities to test the ideas further.
SARS-CoV2 induced pulmonary embolism and complications from anticoagulation

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has rapidly spread around the world. As new complications associated with the virus become more apparent, concerns in the medical community continue to grow. One of the more commonly encountered and more troubling complications in critically ill patients has been hypercoagulable state and subsequent thrombotic events. Within the spectrum of observed thrombotic events, pulmonary embolism seems to prevail. These trends are concerning and reinforce current recommendations on anticoagulation in critically ill with the virus. To illustrate the variety of possible presentations of pulmonary emboli in COVID-19 population, two cases of patients in their sixties are described, one without any predisposing risk factors and one with history of asthma and obesity. These patients developed pulmonary emboli at different points during their hospital course, were treated differently, and had different outcomes. Important observations are made that may shed some light on possible etiology of pulmonary emboli. One of the patients presented still developed pulmonary embolism despite being on full dose anticoagulation. Literature review suggests that pulmonary clot burden in COVID-19 patients could be due to pulmonary thrombus rather than pulmonary embolism and is triggered by profuse vascular damage and severe inflammatory response. Literature review also proposes changes to the diagnostic work up in COVID-19 patients, such as earlier screening for pulmonary embolism in critically ill. In addition, rare and severe complications of current anticoagulation therapy is illustrated and discussed through one of the cases presented.
Pesticide Exposure: The Case of Open-field and Greenhouse Workers

A study was conducted among greenhouse and open field pesticide workers at the Batinah Coast of Oman in 2008 - 2009 to compare their level of pesticide exposure. A total of 74 greenhouse and 79 open field pesticide workers using pesticide mixtures consisting mostly of organophosphates were interviewed. Eighteen self-reported toxicity symptoms were recorded, with 9 and 3 of them being more prevalent among the greenhouse and open field workers, respectively. Although toxicity symptoms were generally higher among the greenhouse workers, it was observed that many of them indulged in smoking and gum chewing during pesticide application and these habits may have contributed to increased exposure. Most of the workers complained of discomfort when using protective devices, therefore it is recommended that protective materials adapted to the climate and socio-economic conditions of the pesticide workers be developed, and that they be encouraged to use them through appropriate educational efforts and incentives.
Relationship between pre-training wellness scores and internal and external training loads in a Division I women's lacrosse team.

This study examined the relationship between pre-training wellness scores and internal and external training load outputs during the preparation phase of a Division I women’s collegiate lacrosse te...