cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Size characterization of core-corona spherical particles using model-free inverse Fourier transform method

Abstract A simple model-free inverse Fourier transform method using a modification function for extraction of the size of spherical nanoparticles from small-angle scattering data is tested with particle models and employed for characterization of strongly-segregated poly(1,2-butadiene-b-ethylene oxide) (PB-PEO) diblock copolymer micelles in water at 30 °C–90 °C. Analysis of small-angle scattering profiles of model particles suggests that the inverse Fourier transform slightly underestimates the size of core domains of spherical particles due to the truncation of experimental scattering profile in the high scattering vector domain. However, this method correctly extracts the size of nanoparticles, including a solvent-swollen corona domain that is difficult to be evaluated using a form-factor analysis. The size of PB-PEO micelles obtained using the inverse Fourier transform method is consistent with the electron microscopy characterization result. The size of PB-PEO micelles decreases with the increase of temperature due to the lower critical solution temperature of PEO in water.
Effects of narrow-band UVB combined with tacrolimus ointment in the treatment of vitiligo and its influence on IL-17 and IL-22 in peripheral blood

Objective To investigate the effect of narrow-band UVB combined with tacrolimus ointment in the treatment of vitiligo, and its influence on IL-17 and IL-22 in peripheral blood. Methods 100 patients with vitiligo were selected as study subjects, and they were divided into the control group and observation group according to the random number table method, 50 cases in each group. The control group was given 0.1% tacrolimus ointment, the observation group was treated with narrow-band UVB combined with 0.1% tacrolimus ointment. After 6 months of treatment, the clinical treatment effect of the two groups was observed. The levels of serum IL-17 and IL-22 were detected by ELISA, the differences between before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. Results The cure rate, effective rate of the observation group were 74.0%, 96.0%, respectively, which were significantly higher than 62.0%, 84.0% of the control group, the differences were statistically significant(χ2=3.125, 2.897, all P 0.05). After treatment, the levels of IL-17 and IL-22 in the two groups significantly decreased(t=3.454, 3.032, all P<0.05), which in the observation group were lower thanthose in the control group(t=3.867, 2.665, all P<0.05). Conclusion Narrow-spectrum UVB combined with tacrolimus ointment has good clinical effect on vitiligo, which can effectively improve the local immune response. Key words: Vitiligo; Ultraviolet therapy; Tacrolimus binding proteins
Using Supplemental Lighting to Control Flowering of Hops in Florida

Hops (Humulus lupulus L.) are an emerging crop in Florida. Florida’s craft beer industry has experienced significant growth over the last 10 years, with 285 breweries producing 42.6 million gallons of beer and generating an economic impact of $3.6 billion in 2018. To respond to their strong demand for locally grown hops, an interdisciplinary hops research team is currently studying optimum crop management practices at the UF/IFAS Gulf Coast Research and Education Center (UF/IFAS GCREC). In Florida, the major yield-limiting factor is premature flowering induced by inadequate day length. This new 4-page article, written by Shinsuke Agehara and published by the UF/IFAS Horticultural Sciences Department, provides guidelines for supplemental lighting to control flowering of hops in Florida.
Internalization of Student Cross-Cultural Skills

Global business and education involve crossing borders, and the truly important borders are the ones that signify changes in cultures. Such borders are often the same as political borders but can a...
An interprofessional training to improve advance care planning skills among medicine, nursing, and social work students.

Suboptimal training for healthcare students is a recognized barrier to successful completion of advance care planning (ACP) with patients and families. Our study sought to enhance ACP knowledge and communication skills for interprofessional healthcare students. During academic year 2017-2018, 46 students (19-medicine, 16-nursing, and 11-social work), received three training modules delivered by interprofessional faculty. Students subsequently observed a clinical ACP encounter attended by a patient and their family, a clinical social worker, and an internal medicine resident. Three surveys (pre-training T1, post-training T2, and post-clinical encounter T3) evaluated change in student knowledge, communication self-efficacy, ACP self-efficacy, and interprofessional teamwork (using SPICE-R). A randomized waitlist approach was used to test the effects of the clinical ACP training. Student attendance and engagement were high. Relative to baseline, all outcomes differed at all data collection intervals (p 0.05). ACP self-efficacy scores declined at T2 before improving at T3. Communication self-efficacy was lower at T2 but improved at T3. Teamwork improved with a medium-large effect (ES = 0.75) at T2 and a large effect (ES = 1.00) at T3. Participant knowledge of ACP improved overall (p < 0.001) as well as for each discipline (p < 0.05). Preliminary findings indicate the interprofessional training experience enhanced student communication skills, ACP knowledge, and appreciation for team-based care. T2 findings demonstrate decrease in communication and ACP self-efficacy, perhaps suggesting students initially underestimated ACP complexity and overestimated their ability to communicate about ACP. T3 findings further suggest that students ultimately benefited from the training experience with meaningful improvements on all key outcomes.
Women's exercise identity increases after a 16-week exercise RCT and is linked to behavior maintenance at follow-up.

Background Regular exercise is critical for disease prevention, but adherence to public health guidelines is poor. Exercise identity is purported to be associated with exercise behavior maintenance, but the extant literature is largely cross-sectional and of low/modest quality. Purpose To examine change in exercise identity after completion of a supervised exercise intervention, as well as associations between change in exercise identity and exercise maintenance at 6-months follow-up. Methods N = 276 insufficiently physically active women were randomized to a 16-week, supervised exercise training intervention with 4 conditions fully crossed on intensity (vigorous/moderate) and duration (long/short). Exercise identity was measured pre- and post-intervention and assessments of exercise motivation and behavior frequency were collected at 6-months post-intervention follow-up. Results On average, participants experienced a statistically significant change in exercise identity over the course of the intervention, t(128) = 7.94, p Conclusions Participants experienced increased self-identification with exercise after 16-weeks of training, but training volume did not influence the amount of identity change. As expected, greater change in exercise identity was associated with higher levels of exercise behavior at 6-months post-intervention follow-up (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT02032628).
Teach me about liberalism: Constructing social elites and the English divide in the Japanese TV drama, Massan

Abstract Engaging the fields of discourse analysis and language ideology, this paper examines the construction of elitism (Jaworski and Thurlow, 2009) among the characters in the Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai (NHK) morning drama Massan (September 2014—March 2015). The uneven allocation of English abilities along with other semiotic cues associated with class, gender, and age erases the privileged position that elite men occupy in Japanese society. In doing so, male characters with English abilities are discursively constructed as self-motivated individuals with exceptional qualities. By ignoring their inherited privileges, the drama indexes larger neoliberal discourses that hide the increasing social divide in Japanese society. Such discursive representations of English abilities is highly problematic given NHK’s position as Japan’s only public broadcasting organization.
First as Tragedy, Then as Television Series: Teaching the Presentation of History in A French Village: Teaching the Presentation of History in A French Village

Americans and Europeans increasingly look to the television drama series for their historical education, whether about Chernobyl or the struggle to pass the Equal Rights Amendment. We have long shown documentaries to students and fact-checked docudramas and dramatic films set in the past, but the television drama series offers new opportunities and challenges. The extended viewing time and the sustained involvement the audience has with a television drama series distinguishes it from documentaries, docudramas, and dramatic films. While there is an extensive literature on the presentation of history in film, much less scholarly analysis exists on the television drama series and how it communicates ideas about the past. The feuilleton quality of episodes and hiatus between them (unless binge-watched on a streaming service) leaves viewers to think through the narrative of the series itself as they wait for the next episode. Edgar Reitz’s Heimat: A Chronicle (1984) presented continuity and change in a twentieth-century German village over several generations, but Frederic Krivine and his team’s A French Village (2009-2017) has a different ambition: to permit viewers to interpret a particular historical event—the German occupation of France during World War II—in ways they had not before. Can a television series present the complexities of this history and the issues it raises? Can it convey these debates to a large audience? What impact does this form of presentation have on viewers’ understanding of the past? A diverse group of first-year students addresses these questions in a seminar I teach on A French Village. Students learn about the occupation of France during the Second World War, and they study postwar debates about its history and memory. However, the primary goal of the course is to develop students’ abilities to analyze the presentation of history outside of books or documentary films by examining a work in a genre that most of them engage with more often and perhaps more deeply, the television drama series. Students ask when imagination could (or could not) enable an audience to see what happened in the past in revealing new ways.
The Value of Bitcoin in the Year 2141 (and Beyond

The emergence of bitcoin poses an important question for monetary theorists: can bitcoin compete with or even replace existing fiat monies? To answer this question, one must be able to determine what gives intrinsically useless monies their value, what determines the coexistence of alternative monies, and under what conditions economic agents would prefer to hold one money relative to another. We attempt to answer these questions in light of the emergence of bitcoin. In particular, we outline a theoretical model in which an intrinsically useless money is essential.
Epidemiology and clinical manifestations of cardiac amyloidosis

Cardiac amyloidosis, once considered a rare disease, has garnered significant attention over the last few years due to three key reasons: first, increased recognition of this disease in conjunction with various common cardiac conditions such as heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and aortic stenosis; second, due to the advent of promising new therapies for light chain disease (AL), transthyretin (ATTR) cardiomyopathy, and amyloid neuropathy; finally, the advancements in cardiac imaging including echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and nuclear cardiac scintigraphy aid in non-biopsy diagnosis of ATTR cardiac amyloidosis. The hereditary forms of ATTR have further come into importance with the availability of genetic testing and increased prevalence of certain mutations in African Americans. Recognition of non-cardiac clues to this disease has gained importance and reiterates that high clinical suspicion, detailed patient history, and examination with appropriate use of imaging are vital to confirm the diagnosis.
Ceramics, Ceramic–Metal Systems

The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Fundamentals of Bonding 2.1. Wetting 2.2. Bonding and Adherence Mechanisms 2.3. Stresses in Ceramic - Metal Systems 3. Glass-to-Metal Joining 3.1. Glass-to-Metal Seals 3.2. Enamels 3.2.1. The Enameling Process 3.2.2. Theory of Adhesion 4. Ceramic-to-Metal Joining 4.1. Sintered Metal Powder Process (SMPP) 4.2. Metal Powder - Glass Frit Method 4.3. Active Metal Process 4.4. Gas - Metal Eutectic Process 4.5. Pressed Diffusion Joins 4.6. Vapor-Phase Metallizing 4.7. Liquid-Phase Metallizing 4.8. Electroforming 4.9. Graded Powder Process 4.10. Nonmetallic Fusion Process 5. Thin Films and Coatings 5.1. Uses 5.2. Deposition Techniques 5.2.1. Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) 5.2.2. Evaporation 5.2.3. Sputtering 5.2.4. Plasma Spraying 5.2.5. Sol - Gel Processing 5.2.6. Ion Implantation 6. Ceramic - Metal Composites 6.1. Cermets and Cemented Carbides 6.2. Metal Matrix Composites
HMG-CoA reductase guides migrating primordial germ cells

The enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase is best known for catalysing a rate-limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis, but it also participates in the production of a wide variety of other compounds1. Some clinical benefits attributed to inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase are now thought to be independent of any serum cholesterol-lowering effect2,3. Here we describe a new cholesterol-independent role for HMG-CoA reductase, in regulating a developmental process: primordial germ cell migration. We show that in Drosophila this enzyme is highly expressed in the somatic gonad and that it is necessary for primordial germ cells to migrate to this tissue. Misexpression of HMG-CoA reductase is sufficient to attract primordial germ cells to tissues other than the gonadal mesoderm. We conclude that the regulated expression of HMG-CoA reductase has a critical developmental function in providing spatial information to guide migrating primordial germ cells.
Molecular biology of KSHV in relation to AIDS-associated oncogenesis.

Discovered in 1994, Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) has been associated with four human malignancies including Kaposi’s sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma, a subset of multicentric Castleman’s disease, and KSHV inflammatory cytokine syndrome. These malignancies mostly occur in immunocompromised patients including patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and often cause significant mortality because of the lack of effective therapies. Significant progresses have been made to understand the molecular basis of KSHV infection and KSHV-induced oncogenesis in the last two decades. This chapter provides an update on the recent advancements focusing on the molecular events of KSHV primary infection, the mechanisms regulating KSHV life cycle, innate and adaptive immunity, mechanism of KSHV-induced tumorigenesis and inflammation, and metabolic reprogramming in KSHV infection and KSHV-transformed cells.
A surface-based approach for classification of 3D neuroanatomic structures

We present a new framework for 3D surface object classification that combines a powerful shape description method with suitable pattern classification techniques. Spherical harmonic parameterization and normalization techniques are used to describe a surface shape and derive a dual high dimensional landmark representation. A point distribution model is applied to reduce the dimensionality. Fisher's linear discriminants and support vector machines are used for classification. Several feature selection schemes are proposed for learning better classifiers. After showing the effectiveness of this framework using simulated shape data, we apply it to real hippocampal data in schizophrenia and perform extensive experimental studies by examining different combinations of techniques. We achieve best leave-one-out cross-validation accuracies of 93% (whole set, N = 56) and 90% (right-handed males, N = 39), respectively, which are competitive with the best results in previous studies using different techniques on similar types of data. Furthermore, to help medical diagnosis in practice, we employ a threshold-free receiver operating characteristic (ROC) approach as an alternative evaluation of classification results as well as propose a new method for visualizing discriminative patterns.
Immunochemistry: A review intended especially for students of allergy

Abstract A review of recent developments in the field of immunity, from the point of view of a chemist, but with special reference to the interests of the allergist is given. A consistent—and therefore possibly oversimplified—interpretation is adopted, which treats of all immunologic phenomena as the result of the interaction of antibodies (specifically modified serum globulins) with antigens or haptens (small molecules capable of reacting with antibodies).
Oral Geotrichum candidum infection associated with HIV infection: A case report

Infections with Geotrichum species, although rare, are sometimes seen in immunocompromised hosts. We report a case of oral geotrichosis in a patient seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus who had erythematous mandibular and maxillary gingiva but was otherwise free of any active systemic disease. Geotrichum candidum was shown by both culture and histopathology to be present in the lesion and was deduced to be the causative organism. The patient responded well to several weeks of treatment involving oral topical administration of nystatin vaginal tablets.
Randomized parallel prefetching and buffer management

We show that deterministic algorithms using bounded lookahead cannot fully exploit the potential of a parallel I/O system. Randomization can be used to significantly improve the performance of parallel prefetching and buffer management algorithms. Using randomization in the data layout and a simple prefetching scheme, we show that a readonce reference string of length N can be serviced in θ(N/D) parallel I/Os in a D-disk system. For the case of read-many reference strings we introduce a novel algorithm using randomized write-back with a competitive ratio of θ(D). In contrast, we show that deterministic write-back results in a competitive ratio of at least (D).
A cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide mimotope prolongs the survival of mice with Cryptococcus neoformans infection.

Defined Abs to the Cryptococcus neoformans capsular polysaccharide glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) have been shown to be protective against experimental cryptococcosis. This suggests that if a vaccine could induce similar Abs it might protect against infection. However, the potential use of a GXM-based vaccine has been limited by evidence that GXM is a poor immunogen that can induce nonprotective and deleterious, as well as protective, Abs, and that the nature of GXM oligosaccharide epitopes that can elicit a protective response is unknown. In this study, we investigated whether a peptide surrogate for a GXM epitope could induce an Ab response to GXM in mice. The immunogenicity of peptide-protein conjugates produced by linking a peptide mimetic of GXM, P13, to either BSA, P13-BSA, or tetanus toxoid, P13-tetanus toxoid, was examined in BALB/c and CBA/n mice that received four s.c. injections of the conjugates at 14- to 30-day intervals. All mice immunized with conjugate produced IgM and IgG to P13 and GXM. Challenge of conjugate-immunized mice with C. neoformans revealed longer survival and lower serum GXM levels than control mice. These results indicate that 1) P13 is a GXM mimotope and 2) that it induced a protective response against C. neoformans in mice. P13 is the first reported mimotope of a C. neoformans Ag. Therefore, the P13 conjugates are vaccine candidates for C. neoformans and their efficacy in this study suggests that peptide mimotopes selected by protective Abs deserve further consideration as vaccine candidates for encapsulated pathogens.
Design and control of Supernumerary Robotic Limbs for balance augmentation

This paper presents a novel approach to balance assistance and joint load reduction for human bipedal walking. We introduce a new type of wearable robot, called Supernumerary Robotic Limbs (SRL), that provides two additional legs for augmenting stability and reducing the loads on human leg joints. Unlike exoskeletons, the SRL is kinematically independent of the human skeletal structure, and can therefore take an arbitrary posture to provide optimal assistance in coordination with human motions. Furthermore, unlike crutches, canes, and other balance assistance equipment, the SRL can provide balancing support autonomously and thereby free the human arms from holding those tools. First, the new design concept and balance assistance strategy are described, followed by kinematic and static modeling. Two gate patterns of the combined human and SRL are discussed. Optimal gate synthesis that maximizes the area of support polygon is discussed. Finally, the gate control strategies are implemented on a prototype SRL, using body motion sensors to enable real-time, seamless coordination between the user and the robot.
Nonadiabatic Effects On The Dynamics Of The NeICl Van Der Waals Complex

Electronic state changing processes have been directly observed in the dissociation of NeIC1 complexes excited to a high-lying ion-pair state of ICl (~ 39,000 cm−1). The complex is prepared in the ion-pair state by an optical-optical double resonance technique through a long-lived intermediate level in the A electronic state. Following excitation of the complex, dispersed fluorescence has been detected on the E → X and D’ → A’ transitions, indicating the presence of nonadiabatic interactions in the complex that are absent in uncomplexed ICI. Vibrational predissociation with a strong propensity for ΔvIC1 = −1 relaxation has also been observed. The electronic state changing pathways are found to be sensitive to both the initial ICl vibrational level of the NeIC1 complex as well as the degree of excitation of the Van der Waals vibrational modes.
The Physics of Supernovae

Presupernova models of massive stars are presented and their explosion by “delayed neutrino transport” examined. A new form of long duration Type II supernova model is also explored based upon repeated encounter with the electron-positron pair instability in stars heavier than about 60 M⊙. Carbon deflagration in white dwarfs is discussed as the probable explanation of Type I supernovae and special attention is paid to the physical processes whereby a nuclear flame propagates through degenerate carbon.
A probabilistic method to determine the minimum leakage vector for combinational designs

"Parking" a circuit in a minimum leakage state during its standby mode of operation is one of the techniques of reducing leakage power consumption in a circuit. However, the problem of finding this minimum leakage state is NP-hard. In this paper, we present a heuristic approach to determine the input vector which minimizes leakage for a combinational design. Our approach utilizes approximate signal probabilities of internal nodes to aid in finding the minimum leakage vector. We use a probabilistic heuristic to select the next gate to be processed, as well as to select the best state of the selected gate. A fast SAT solver is employed to ensure the consistency of the assignments that are made in this process. Experimental results indicate that our method has very low run-times, with excellent accuracy, compared to existing approaches.
Standards and Specifications

Standards and specifications are not new, but as old as commerce itself. As trade grew beyond the barter stage, the need for a common trade language and definition of terms increased. Guilds and trade associations were formed to serve this purpose. Many of our present day standards are nothing more than codified trade practices.
Victimization and substance use disorders in a national sample of heterosexual and sexual minority women and men

Context There is consensus in the research literature that substance use disparities exist among sexual minority women and men; however, few studies have examined risk factors that may contribute to these disparities. Aims To compare reports of life-time victimization experiences in a US national sample of adult heterosexual and sexual minority women and men and to examine the relationships between victimization experiences and past-year substance use disorders. Design, participants, measurements The secondary data analyses used 2004–05 (wave 2) National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) data collected in structured diagnostic face-to-face interviews in the United States. Substance use disorders (SUDs) were defined according to DSM-IV criteria and included past-year alcohol abuse, alcohol dependence, drug abuse and drug dependence. The sample consisted of 34 653 adults aged 20 years and older; approximately 2% of the respondents self-identified as sexual minority (lesbian, gay or bisexual). Findings Results showed strong associations between victimization and any past-year SUDs and confirmed findings from several previous studies indicating that, compared with heterosexuals, sexual minority women and men are at heightened risk for life-time victimization. However, prevalence of the seven victimization experiences and the degree of association between individual victimization experiences and SUDs varied substantially across sexual minority subgroups. The childhood victimization variables—especially childhood neglect—showed the strongest and most consistent associations with SUDs. Odds of SUDs were generally higher among both female and male respondents, regardless of sexual identity, who reported multiple (two or more) victimization experiences than among those who reported no life-time victimization, suggesting a possible cumulative effect of multiple victimization experiences. Conclusions Higher rates of life-time victimization, particularly victimization experienced in childhood, may help to explain higher rates of substance use disorders among sexual minorities. However, more research is needed to understand better the complex relationships among sexual orientation, victimization and substance use.
Quantification of Cholesterol Oxidation Products In Egg Yolk Powder Spray-dried with Direct Heating

A direct-heated spray dryer with an evaporative capacity of up to 7 kg H2O/hr was used to identify processing conditions responsible for formation of cholesterol oxidation products (COPS) in spray-dried egg yolk. Outlet air temperature and nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the combustion gases were the only conditions that affected COPS levels. At outlet temperature 150°C, total COPS concentrations in the spray-dried product were 75 ppm at 5 ppm NOx and 213 ppm at 300 ppm NOx. In products dried at 75°C outlet temperature, total COPS concentrations were 21 ppm at 5 ppm NOx and 58 ppm at 300 ppm NOx. In general, individual COPS responded to outlet temperature and NOx in the same manner as total COPS.
Highly selective evanescent modal filter for two-mode optical fibers.

Efficient and selective coupling between a single-mode fiber and the LP11 mode of a double-mode fiber is demonstrated in an evanescent directional coupler. With greater than 90% coupling to the LP11 mode, suppression of the coupled power to the lower-order LP01 mode was measured to be at least 24 dB. This device has application as a modal filter for the construction of in-line all-fiber optical components.
Changes in blood and spleen lymphocyte populations following antigen challenge in immature male chickens.

Abstract 1. The effects of antigen (Ag) injection on the distribution of lymphocyte populations of Cornell K‐strain male chickens were studied. 2. Two experiments were conducted. In the first, chickens were injected with Brucella abortus (BA), a purported T‐independent antigen. In the second, chickens were injected with sheep red blood cells (SRBC), a T‐dependent antigen. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and spleen lymphocytes isolated at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 h following Ag injection were stained with monoclonal antibodies (mAb) detecting B‐lymphocytes, CD4+ and CD8+ cells. 3. B‐lymphocytes in the blood or spleen showed no significant changes following either BA or SRBC injection. In contrast, CD4+ cells were decreased in the blood and increased in the spleen following BA and SRBC injections. CD8+ cells were decreased in both blood and spleen following BA injection but were unchanged in either blood or the spleen following SR8C injection. 4. These results indicate that there is a change in both spleen ...
Dynamic Modeling of a Dual-Clutch Automated Lay-Shaft Transmission

This paper presents a systematic model for the simulation and analysis of a power-shift transmission that features a dual-clutch design. The paper models the kinematics, dynamics and control of the transmission for the analysis of powertrain overall performance and shift transient characteristics. The model is implemented in an object-oriented software tool. Analytical formulations and look-up tables are both used for modeling of powertrain components. The vehicle system model is established by integrating the various components and subsystem models according to the transmission structure and control logic. As a numerical example, the model is used for a vehicle equipped with the power-shift transmission to simulate the speed follow-up over a standard EPA drive range and the wide open throttle position performance.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
The New York City Police Department's Compstat: Dream or Nightmare?:

The Compstat paradigm has revolutionised the way policing is accomplished in democratic countries. Many agencies throughout the world have emulated the Compstat programme which originated in New York City in 1994. The strengths of Compstat have been widely publicised: dramatic reductions in crime, accountability of key staff members, and coordination of various units within an agency.The weaknesses of Compstat are less recognised: due process considerations, community relations, leadership issues, inadequate problemsolving. Weaknesses pose challenges and the authors present an alternative model to address these weaknesses. This model focuses on integrating community policing's essential components within the context of the Compstat paradigm. This provides a more powerful mechanism to combat crime and terrorism.
How lobsters, crayfishes, and crabs locate sources of odor: current perspectives and future directions

Olfactory orientation poses many challenges for crustaceans in marine environments. Recent behavioral experiments lead to a new understanding of the role of multiple sensory appendages, whereas application of non-invasive chemical visualization techniques and biomimetic robotics have allowed researchers to correlate the stimulus environment with behavior and to directly test proposed orientation mechanisms in decapod crustaceans.
Clinical evaluation of replacement of class V resin based composite restorations.

Abstract Objectives: The purpose of this clinical study was to evaluate any increase in size of Class V resin based composite restorations that required replacement. Emphasis was placed on measurements of the loss of tooth structure in areas distant from the site of failure. Methods: 14 Class V restorations scheduled for replacement were recorded with pre-operative impressions and intra-oral photographs. Restorations were then removed and cavity preparations were completed. A second impression and photograph were taken and stone casts were prepared for each impression. The perimeter and area of each restoration and cavity preparation were measured with a video-based imaging system (Dage 725 CCD camera) equipped with a macro lens, at a fixed magnification of ×10–15. The initial measurements of the restoration image were compared to the measurements of the new cavity preparation, in both instances excluding the site of failure. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICR) and paired t-test were used for statistical analysis. Results: A significant difference between the pre and post-operative measurements for both area (P=0.0125) and perimeter (P=0.003) was found. Conclusion: The study showed that replacement of Class V resin based composite restorations resulted in increased size of the cavity preparation in areas distant from the site of failure.
Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in erectile dysfunction associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a common defect?

The objective of this study was to evaluate the gonadal function in men with type 2 diabetes with erectile dysfunction. Methods: We examine records of 50 patients with type 2 diabetes and erectile dysfunction who had low free testosterone concentrations. All patients had plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormones (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and prolactin measured. Results: Of the 50 patients with low free testosterone concentrations (0.97 ± 0.4 ng/dL; reference range, 1.30-3.10), 43 had normal (inappropriately low) LH (5.9 ± 2.9 mIU/mL), FSH (5.6 ± 2.4 mIU/mL), and testosterone concentrations, five had elevated LH, FSH concentrations (Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism), and two had prolactinoma. Patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism were in their mid 50's and had experienced a decline in their testosterone levels much earlier than that expected from the normal age-related decline. Although a majority of the patients were obese, there was no relationship between testosterone (free or tot...
Are personality disorder dimensions related over time? An examination over the course of ten years using multivariate growth modeling

Abstract Objective Despite the well-documented literature on cross-sectional comorbidity, there is a paucity of data on the associations between personality disorders (PDs) over time. Using multivariate growth modeling, the present study examined the inter-relationships between pairs of PD disorder dimensions. Methods We tested these associations in a sample of 142 depressed outpatients followed-up five times over the course of 10 years. Results We found cross-sectional associations between the initial levels of severity of many pairs of PD dimensions. However, there was limited support for longitudinal associations between PD dimensions. Conclusion These findings suggest that the course of PD dimensions is fairly independent of each other, and that initial levels of PD dimensions have relatively little prognostic value for predicting the course of other PD dimensions.
Para-Ovarian Cyst Torsion Mimicking an Acute Abdomen in an Adolescent

Background: Acute abdominal pain in an adolescent female may be either nongynecologic or gynecologic in origin. A careful history, physical exam, laboratory analysis, and radiographic studies assist in determining a diagnosis. In the case of a para-ovarian cyst, a high index of suspicion is essential to narrow the differential and establish a diagnosis. Case: In this paper, we present a case where torsion of a right para-ovarian cyst mimicked an acute abdomen in a 15-year-old female. Pelvic and rectal exams were not permitted by the patient or her mother. A detailed history with normal laboratory findings diminished gastrointestinal, gestational, and urologic causes. Computerized tomography and pelvic ultrasound confirmed a right-sided nonovarian pelvic mass. Torsion of a para-ovarian cyst was suspected prior to surgical exploration. Conclusions: This case highlights the importance of a high index of suspicion for the proper diagnosis and treatment of a para-ovarian cyst torsion. The decision for timely s...
Mind the Gap: Social Media Engagement by Public Health Researchers

Background: The traditional vertical system of sharing information from sources of scientific authority passed down to the public through local health authorities and clinicians risks being made obsolete by emerging technologies that facilitate rapid horizontal information sharing. The rise of Public Health 2.0 requires professional acknowledgment that a new and substantive forum of public discourse about public health exists on social media, such as forums, blogs, Facebook, and Twitter. Objective: Some public health professionals have used social media in innovative ways: to surveil populations, gauge public opinion, disseminate health information, and promote mutually beneficial interactions between public health professionals and the lay public. Although innovation is on the rise, most in the public health establishment remain skeptical of this rapidly evolving landscape or are unclear about how it could be used. We sought to evaluate the extent to which public health professionals are engaged in these spaces. Methods: We conducted a survey of professorial- and scientist-track faculty at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in Baltimore, Maryland, USA. We asked all available faculty via email to complete a 30-question survey about respondent characteristics, beliefs about social media, and usage of specific technologies, including blogs, Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube. Results: A total of 181 (19.8%) of 912 professor- and scientist-track faculty provided usable responses. The majority of respondents rarely used major social media platforms. Of these 181 respondents, 97 (53.6%) had used YouTube, 84 (46.4%) had used Facebook, 55 (30.4%) had read blogs, and 12 (6.6%) had used Twitter in the prior month. More recent degree completion was the best predictor of higher usage of social media. In all, 122 (67.4%) agreed that social media is important for disseminating information, whereas only 55 (30.4%) agreed that social media is useful for their research. In all, 43 (23.8%) said social media was helpful for professional career advancement, whereas 72 (39.8%) said it was not. Only 43 (23.8%) faculty said they would employ a full- or part-time social media consultant, and 30 (16.6%) currently employed one. Conclusions: Despite near-universal appreciation of the potential for social media to serve as a component of public health strategy, a small minority are actually engaged in this space professionally, whereas most are either disinterested or actively opposed to professional engagement. Social media is seen by most as more useful for spreading information than obtaining it. As public discourse on a number of critical health topics continues to be influenced and sometimes shaped by discussions online from Twitter to Facebook, it would seem that greater discourse is needed about when and how public health professionals should engage in these media, and also how personal, institutional, and professional barriers to greater use of social media may be overcome. [J Med Internet Res 2014;16(1):e8]
An ideal point account of the JDI Work satisfaction scale

Applied psychologists have begun to show interest in an ideal point Item Response Theory (IRT) model, the Generalized Graded Unfolding Model (GGUM). As opposed to the traditional dominance models based on the Likert method, such as the Graded Response Model (GRM) and the Nominal Response Model (NRM), the GGUM does not assume that responses have a monotonically increasing relationship with the latent attribute. Currently, it is somewhat unclear as to when an ideal point process should be assumed. Here, the GRM and the NRM, two dominance IRT models, are evaluated against the GGUM, an ideal point IRT model, in fitting scales of the JDI. Only the Work scale possesses a large number of items that unfold. Fit was better under the GGUM than the GRM or NRM. Attribute estimates for the dominance models correlate .99, whereas GGUM estimates correlated .85 with GRM and NRM estimates. Unfolding items in the Work scale showed marked differences at the response-option level. It is proposed that ideal point processes may better theoretically and empirically explain appraisals of Work satisfaction.
Use of ECMO for Resection of Post-Traumatic Ruptured Lung Abscess With Empyema

We report a patient who sustained multiple injuries from a motorcycle collision. He had a protracted intensive care course complicated by ventilator-associated pneumonia and empyema resulting from a ruptured lung abscess. He successfully underwent a thoracotomy, lung resection, decortication, and pleurectomy on veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
Genes, religion and society: the developing views of the churches.

This paper (1) reviews and analyzes the positions on genetics taken in the official statements of Christian churches in the United States, together with church institutions of global status, and 2) offers suggestions about possible future responses of the churches to genetics and biotechnology.
A high-resolution genetic linkage map of the pericentromeric region of the human X chromosome

Abstract We generated a high-resolution genetic linkage map of the pericentromeric region of the human X chromosome from approximately Xp11.4 to Xq22. This map contains 41 loci defined by 50 marker systems genotyped in the CEPH families. For this study we have generated 3 new markers (DXS1689, DXS1690, and DXS159) and 2 new primer sequences for previously described markers (PGK1P1 and AR). Using two different mapping algorithms based on genotype data alone, we developed two well-supported framework maps containing 15 and 18 markers with average interval sizes of 2.7 and 1.7 cM. The 18 marker map is [DXS426, PFC]—2.0—DXS255—1.2—DXS991—1.6—AR—1.3—DXS153— 2.0—DXS106—1.5—DXS132—0.6—DXS1690—0.8—DXS453— 1.4—DXS559—1.5—[PGK1, DXS56]—0.6—DXS1002—1.8— DXYS1X—2.0—DXS3—7.5—DXS458—2.8—DXS454, where the distance between adjacent loci is in centimorgans. As a third approach, we used physical mapping data to define bins for markers; this approach permitted us to place 26 markers on our framework map. Finally, we constructed a map based on the physical order of 35 markers from the fifth international workshop on human X chromosome mapping. A comparison of the physical and genetic maps indicates a relationship of 2 cM per megabase in this region, with two regions of reduced recombination. The first is around the centromere (DXZ1), and the second is in the region around PGK1 (DXS441 to DXS995). Our maps should aid in the fine-mapping of the many disease loci that localize to this region of the X chromosome.
From Pragmatics to Semiotics: The Influence of John Wilkins' Pulpit Oratory on his Philosophical Language

SUMMARYJohn Wilkins' (1614-1672) earlier work on pulpit oratory in Ecclesiastes (1646) and Gift of Prayer (1655) provide a rationale for his later work on philosophical language in his Essay towards a Real Character (1868). Clauss (1982) pointed out that one could view Wilkins' linguistic writings as compatible, and the present paper advances her argument by showing that his work on philosophical language grew out of his work on pulpit oratory. Moreover, his pulpit oratory is rooted in pragmatics — how to move the listener to righteous action — while his philosophical language is focused on semiotics — how to convey the 'true meaning' of all things and notions.RESUMELes ouvrages du jeune John Wilkins (1614-1672) a propos du discours ecclesiatique dans Ecclesiastes (1646) et Gift of Prayer (1655) fournissent la raison d'etre pour sa langue philosophique dans son Essay towards a Real Character (1868). S. Clauss (1982) avait remarque qu'on pouvait percevoir les ecrits linguistique de Wilkins comme compatibles avec ses ouvrages rhetoriques; 1'auteur du present article pousse 1'argument plus loin en demon-trant que le travail sur une langue philosophique emanait de son travail sur le discours ecclesiatique. De plus, comme ce dernier prend pour base la pragma-tique — a savoir comment motiver 1' auditeur a agir d'une facon vertueuse — sa langue philosophique a sa source dans une semiotique — a savoir comment transmettre le 'sens veritable' de tous les choses et notions.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGJohn Wilkins' (1614-1672) fruhe Schriften zur Rednerkunst in Ecclesiastes (1646) und Gift of Prayer (1655) stellen die Grundlage fur sein spateres Werk zu einer philosophischen Sprache dar, wie sie in seinem Essay towards a Real Character (1868) niedergelgt worden ist. S. Clauss (1982) wies darauf hin, das man Wilkins' linguistische Schriften als mit seinem ubrigen Werk in Einklang stehend bezeichen konne; hier wird ihr Argument weitergefuhrt und gezeigt, daB seine Arbeit an der philosophischen Sprache seiner Kanzelrhetorik entwachsen ist. Daruberhinaus ist seine Kanzelrhetorik in einer Pragmatik verwurzelt — namlich wie man den Horer zu einer rechten Handlung bewegen kann — wahrend seine philosophische Sprache auf einer Semiotik basiert — namlich auf welche Weise die 'wahre Bedeutung' aller Dinge und Erkenntnisse vermittelt werden konne.
Studies of mineral properties at mantle condition using Deformation multi-anvil apparatus

Abstract This paper reports recent studies of the rheological and viscoelastic properties of minerals at mantle pressure and temperature using Deformation multi-anvil apparatus (D-DIA). Stress–strain–time relations were measured using synchrotron X-ray radiation to determine these properties. Rheological properties of San Carlos olivine were measured at pressure up to 10 GPa and indicated that the effect of pressure on the viscosity of olivine is much smaller than previous reported. The unique capability of synchrotron X-ray can resolve the stress heterogeneity within a polycrystalline material as well as within a multi-phase mixture and elucidate the stress–strain distribution in an aggregate. Anelasticity measurements were carried out using olivine as the sample at mantle pressure and temperatures. The results showed that grain boundary activity rather than pressure dominate the relaxation processes. The aim of this paper is to illustrate the methods using new tools for high pressure research.
Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of 9-d-Ribitylamino-1,3,7,9-tetrahydro-2,6,8-purinetriones Bearing Alkyl Phosphate and α,α-Difluorophosphonate Substituents as Inhibitors of Riboflavin Synthase and Lumazine Synthase

Lumazine synthase and riboflavin synthase catalyze the last two steps in the biosynthesis of riboflavin, an essential metabolite that is involved in electron transport processes. To obtain structural probes of these two enzymes, as well as inhibitors of potential value as antibiotics, a series of ribitylpurinetriones bearing alkyl phosphate and α,α-difluorophosphonate substituents were synthesized. Since the purinetrione ring system and the ribityl hydroxyl groups can be alkylated, the synthesis required the generation of these two moieties in protected form before the desired alkylation reaction could be carried out. These substances were designed as intermediate analogue inhibitors of lumazine synthase that would bind to its phosphate-binding site. All of the compounds were found to be effective inhibitors of both Bacillus subtilis lumazine synthase as well as Escherichia coli riboflavin synthase. Molecular modeling of the binding of 3-(1,3,7,9-tetrahydro-9-d-ribityl-2,6,8-trioxopurin-7-yl)propane 1-pho...
Time Dependent Differential Yield as a Scale-up Parameter in Enzyme and Fermentation Reactors.

The yield function, for an enzyme-substrate kinetic model of the system, is investigated. Considering Y to be a function of the substrate concentration S, its value as S --> O(+) is investigated.In the "pseudo-steady-state domain," this differential yield function is shown to be bounded above and below by yield functions that are obtained by using the Michaelis-Menten and Briggs-Haldane functions to relate the enzyme-substrate concentration C to S. It is also shown that the yield constant, which is commonly used for enzyme and fermentation systems, is an integral average of the differential yield function. The average yield constant can be used to show consistency of data by relating the area above and below the average yield line when the yield function is plotted against the substrate concentration. The role of the dimensionless parameter, epsilon = k(m)/E*, on the asymptotic yield, is also investigated. The mathematical results are demonstrated on experimental data for a horseradish-peroxidase enzyme system and a gluconic acid fermentation process.