cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ThermoData Engine (TDE): software implementation of the dynamic data evaluation concept.

The first full-scale software implementation of the dynamic data evaluation concept {ThermoData Engine (TDE)} is described for thermophysical property data. This concept requires the development of large electronic databases capable of storing essentially all experimental data known to date with detailed descriptions of relevant metadata and uncertainties. The combination of these electronic databases with expert-system software, designed to automatically generate recommended data based on available experimental data, leads to the ability to produce critically evaluated data dynamically or ‘to order'. Six major design tasks are described with emphasis on the software architecture for automated critical evaluation including dynamic selection and application of prediction methods and enforcement of thermodynamic consistency. The direction of future enhancements is discussed.
Retinal pigment epithelial tears associated with trauma

Abstract Two previously healthy patients, a 66-year-old man with blunt trauma to the right eye, and a 28-year-old man with head trauma from a motorcycle accident, were observed to have parafoveal retinal pigment epithelial tears after injury. In both patients, fluorescein angiography demonstrated mottled window defects in the areas of the tears, and blocked fluorescence in the areas of the rolled-up pigment epithelium. Neither eye had evidence of pigment epithelial detachments. We hypothesize that this unusual phenomenon is caused by an acute tractional force oriented tangentially to the macular plane, the result of a rapid spherically expansile deformation of the globe during trauma.
Effects of long-term cattle exclosure on vegetation and rodents at a desertified arid grassland site

Abstract Arid grasslands are often presumed to exist in one of two alternate stable states: grassland or desertified shrubland. While the conversion to shrubland can occur rather rapidly following intense overgrazing, the recovery of perennial grasses is often presumed to be difficult or impossible even with livestock removal. We examined vegetation and rodent communities at a desertified shrubland site from which livestock had been removed for more than four decades. Total shrub cover was similar but differed in composition across the grazing fence. Larrea tridentata had significantly higher cover outside while Parthenium incanum had significantly higher cover inside the fence. Basal perennial grass cover was significantly higher inside the fence. Rodent diversity was significantly higher inside the fence due to higher abundance and diversity of pocket mice. These data suggest that recovery of perennial grasses at severely desertified sites is possible but may require several decades and that rodent diversity responds positively to such recovery.
At the crossroads between tension-type headache and fibromyalgia

Fibromyalgia syndrome and tension-type headache have multiple clinical features in common, and pathogenic mechanisms partly overlap. Significant differences need to be recognized as well. Studying the correlations of these often comorbid conditions represents a unique opportunity to gain insight into their pathophysiology and that of other chronic pain syndromes, to increase the accuracy of their diagnosis, and to improve the therapeutic armamentarium.
2,2'-Phthaloyl-,2,2'-isophthaloyl-, and 2,2'-terephthaloylbis[1,1,1-trimethylhydrazinium] dihydroxide, bis(inner salts): synthesis, partition coefficients, toxicity and effect on ganglionic transmission.

2,2′-Phthaloyl-, 2,2′-isophthaloyl, and 2,2′-terephthaloyl-bis[1, 1, 1-trimethylhydrazinium] dihydroxide, bis(inner salts) 7, 8, and 9 and their hydrazide and hydrazinium diiodide precursors were synthesized and tested for toxicity and their ability to block sympathetic ganglionic transmission. Only the 2,2′-phthaloyl and isophthaloylhydrazinium diiodides 4 and 5 produced weak inhibition of nerve transmission (35% at 2.15 × 10−3 M). The inner salts were appreciably less toxic than the hydrazinium diiodides in brine shrimp testing. The log P (log10, chloroform pH 7 buffer system) values of all compounds were determined and those of the inner salts and hydrazinium diiodides were in the range of −3.03 to −3.60.
The international market for corporate control: Evidence from acquisitions of financial firms

Abstract This study examines the impact of international acquisitions on the shareholder wealth of both acquiring and acquired firms, and compares it with that of domestic acquisitions. The results indicate significant differences—bidders in domestic acquisitions lose a statistically significant 0.39 percent, while bidders in international acquisitions do not lose, which supports the diversification motive for foreign expansion. Further, in terms of dollar values, unlike their domestic counterparts, international acquisitions are net wealth creating activities and the division of gains between bidders and targets are more equitable. A cross-sectional analysis of the abnormal returns suggests that the extent of controlling interest being acquired and previous presence in the target country both significantly affect the abnormal returns of the bidders and the method of payment significantly affects the abnormal returns for the targets.
Calculation of Relaxing Turbulent Boundary Layers Downstream of Tangential Slot Injection

Turbulent boundary layers calculation downstream of compressible relaxing slot injection flows, using finite difference method based on eddy viscosity model
Bilateral angle-closure glaucoma associated with uveal effusion: presenting sign of HIV infection.

Abstract A 40-year-old homosexual man presented with acute myopia and bilateral angleclosure glaucoma. Recognition of an anterior chamber configuration of a modestly shallowed central chamber with marked peripheral shallowing clinically suggested uveal effusion. B-scan echography provided definitive, confirmatory evidence of diffuse choroidal thickening with ciliochoroidal effusion. Treatment with aqueous suppressants, cycloplegics, and topical steroids resulted in complete resolution of the angle closure and reversal of induced myopia. The patient, who was systemically well without signs of AIDS or AIDS-related complex, was later tested and found to be serologically-positive for the human immunodeficiency virus.
A two-domain model of well-being: Everyday events, social support, and gender-related personality factors

Abstract The primary purpose of the present study was to examine several personal and environmental factors—construed as liabilities and assets—in the context of a two-domain model of well-being. Positive and negative everyday events, positive and negative instrucmental and expressive qualities, and social support appraisals were examined in relation to positive and negative affect, depression, and somatic complaints using data from 198 undergraduate women and men. Predictions regarding domain-congruence were tested through confirmatory factor analysis. Findings were consistent with the two-domain model of well-being for most, but not all, of the variables considered.
Boson-Broadened Photonuclear Reactions in Light Nuclei

The giant dipole resonances in light nuclei are described by an intermediate-coupling model which attributes their fine structure and widths to the coupling between single-fermion states and collective bosons associated with the quasistationary stage of the reaction. This model can reproduce details in the giant resonances of ${\mathrm{O}}^{16}$ and ${\mathrm{Si}}^{28}$, such as the over-all envelopes of the total width, the relative intensities of various major and minor peaks, and the widths of minor resonances.
Enterprise Vulnerability Management and Its Role in Information Security Management

Abstract Companies continue to pay heavily for confronting hacker attacks and responding to rapidly spreading viruses, worms, and Trojans. The impact on an organization can be substantial, ranging from loss of productivity to reputation. Hackers exploit known vulnerabilities. Hybrid malcode not only piggybacks on core services for delivery, but also exploits known vulnerabilities. This article underscores the central role of vulnerability management in ensuring enterprise security. An effective vulnerability management program will not only guard against hackers, but will also assure minimal impact from hybrid malcode that exploits known vulnerabilities.
Dynamics of Drosophila embryonic patterning network perturbed in space and time using microfluidics

Biochemical networks are perturbed both by fluctuations in environmental conditions and genetic variation. These perturbations must be compensated for, especially when they occur during embryonic pattern formation. Complex chemical reaction networks displaying spatiotemporal dynamics have been controlled and understood by perturbing their environment in space and time. Here, we apply this approach using microfluidics to investigate the robust network in Drosophila melanogaster that compensates for variation in the Bicoid morphogen gradient. We show that the compensation system can counteract the effects of extremely unnatural environmental conditions-a temperature step-in which the anterior and posterior halves of the embryo are developing at different temperatures and thus at different rates. Embryonic patterning was normal under this condition, suggesting that a simple reciprocal gradient system is not the mechanism of compensation. Time-specific reversals of the temperature step narrowed down the critical period for compensation to between 65 and 100 min after onset of embryonic development. The microfluidic technology used here may prove useful to future studies, as it allows spatial and temporal regulation of embryonic development.
Understanding target users of a digital reference library

Through an investigation of the needs and practices of researchers in the humanities and social sciences, we identify key issues in the use of an online digital reference library, the Electronic Cultural Atlas Initiatives' "Support for the Learner: What, When, Where and Who". In this poster we present an examination of results from survey data and user tasks, and discuss implications for future design and implementation based on our findings.
Induction pattern of liver microsomal alkoxyresorufin o‐dealkylases of channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus): Correlation with PCB exposure in situ

Abstract The hepatic microsomal‐mediated O‐dealkylation of various substituted alkoxyresorufins by channel catfish from Devil's Swamp, a highly polluted river basin ecosystem, has been compared and correlated with the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contents from fat tissues of these fish. The specific activities and the turnover numbers of methoxy‐, ethoxy‐, pentoxy‐ and benzyloxyresorufin O‐dealkylases in Devil's Swamp microsomes was significantly elevated relative to that of channel catfish from a pristene reference site. The results suggest that the pattern of induction of alkoxyresorufin O‐dealkylase activities in Devil's Swamp channel catfish microsomes is consistent with the pattern of induction that would be anticipated following exposure to mixed PCB.
Cyr61 mediates hepatocyte growth factor-dependent tumor cell growth, migration, and Akt activation

Certain tumor cell responses to the growth factor–inducible early response gene product CCN1/Cyr61 overlap with those induced by the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-Met signaling pathway. In this study, we investigate if Cyr61 is a downstream effector of HGF/c-Met pathway activation in human glioma cells. A semiquantitative immunohistochemical analysis of 112 human glioma and normal brain specimens showed that levels of tumor-associated Cyr61 protein correlate with tumor grade ( P r 2 = 0.4791, P − /c-Met + human glioma cell lines via a transcription- and translation-dependent mechanism. Conversely, HGF/c-Met pathway inhibitors reduced Cyr61 expression in HGF + /c-Met + human glioma cell lines in vitro and in HGF + /c-Met + glioma xenografts. Targeting Cyr61 expression with small interfering RNA (siRNA) inhibited HGF-induced cell migration ( P P in vitro . The effect of Cyr61 on HGF-induced Akt pathway activation was also examined. Cyr61 siRNA had no effect on the early phase of HGF-induced Akt phosphorylation (Ser 473 ) 30 minutes after stimulation with HGF. Cyr61 siRNA inhibited a second phase of Akt phosphorylation measured 12 hours after cell stimulation with HGF and also inhibited HGF-induced phosphorylation of the Akt target glycogen synthase kinase 3α. We treated preestablished subcutaneous glioma xenografts with Cyr61 siRNA or control siRNA by direct intratumoral delivery. Cyr61 siRNA inhibited Cyr61 expression and glioma xenograft growth by up to 40% in a dose-dependent manner ( P
Auto-fluorescence lifetime and light reflectance spectroscopy for breast cancer diagnosis: potential tools for intraoperative margin detection

This study investigates the use of two spectroscopic techniques, auto-fluorescence lifetime measurement (AFLM) and light reflectance spectroscopy (LRS), for detecting invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) in human ex vivo breast specimens. AFLM used excitation at 447 nm with multiple emission wavelengths (532, 562, 632, and 644 nm), at which auto-fluorescence lifetimes and their weight factors were analyzed using a double exponent model. LRS measured reflectance spectra in the range of 500-840 nm and analyzed the spectral slopes empirically at several distinct spectral regions. Our preliminary results based on 93 measured locations (i.e., 34 IDC, 31 benign fibrous, 28 adipose) from 6 specimens show significant differences in 5 AFLM-derived parameters and 9 LRS-based spectral slopes between benign and malignant breast samples. Multinomial logistic regression with a 10-fold cross validation approach was implemented with selected features to classify IDC from benign fibrous and adipose tissues for the two techniques independently as well as for the combined dual-modality approach. The accuracy for classifying IDC was found to be 96.4 ± 0.8%, 92.3 ± 0.8% and 96 ± 1.3% for LRS, AFLM, and dual-modality, respectively.
HAMILTONIAN-COLORED POWERS OF STRONG DIGRAPHS

For a strong oriented graph D of order n and diameter d and an integer k with 1 ≤ k ≤ d, the kth power D k of D is that digraph having vertex set V (D) with the property that (u,v) is an arc of D k if the directed distance ~ dD(u,v) from u to v in D is at most k. For every strong digraph D of order n ≥ 2 and every integer k ≥ ⌈n/2⌉, the digraph D k is Hamiltonian and the lower bound ⌈n/2⌉ is sharp. The digraph D k is distance-colored if each arc (u,v) of D k is assigned the color i where i = ~ dD(u,v). The digraph D k is Hamiltonian-colored if D k contains a properly arc-colored Hamiltonian cycle. The smallest positive integer k for which D k is Hamiltonian-colored is the Hamiltonian coloring exponent hce(D) of D. For each integer n ≥ 3, the Hamiltonian coloring exponent of the directed cycle ~ Cn of order n is determined whenever this number exists. It is shown for each integer k ≥ 2 that there exists a strong oriented graph Dk such that hce(Dk) = k with the added property that every properly colored Hamiltonian cycle in the kth power of Dk must use all k colors. It is shown for every positive integer p there exists a a connected graph G with two different strong orientations D
Gram-negative folliculitis--a complication of antibiotic therapy in acne vulgaris.

SUMMARY Fifty cases of Gram-negative folliculitis have been identified amongst 1200 new cases of acne vulgaris in a period of 4 years. Two clinical varieties are recognized. Type I, the more common, presents as superficial pustules, usually grouped around the nose and is associated with a lactose fermenting Gram-negative rod. Type II lesions are characterized by deep nodular and cystic lesions; Proteus appears to be the causative agent. The treatment of this condition is discussed.
Diclofenac: an update on its mechanism of action and safety profile

AbstractBackground:Diclofenac is a proven, commonly prescribed nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties, and has been shown to be effective in treating a variety of acute and chronic pain and inflammatory conditions. As with all NSAIDs, diclofenac exerts its action via inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by inhibiting cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) with relative equipotency. However, extensive research shows the pharmacologic activity of diclofenac goes beyond COX inhibition, and includes multimodal and, in some instances, novel mechanisms of action (MOA).Data sources:Literature retrieval was performed through PubMed/MEDLINE (through May 2009) using combinations of the terms diclofenac, NSAID, mechanism of action, COX-1, COX-2, and pharmacology. Reference citations resulting from publications identified in the literature search were reviewed when appropriate.Methods:This article reviews the established, putative,...
Management of vestibular schwannomas that enlarge after stereotactic radiosurgery: treatment recommendations based on a 15 year experience.

OBJECTIVE Stereotactic radiosurgery is an effective alternative to surgical resection for the majority of patients with vestibular schwannomas (VS). However, after radiosurgery, the imaging characteristics of VSs are variable, and correct interpretation is critical to prevent unnecessary surgery for these patients. METHODS A retrospective study of 208 consecutive patients with unilateral VS having radiosurgery between March 1990 and December 2001. Thirty (14%) patients had tumors that enlarged at least 2 mm after radiosurgery. The median follow-up after radiosurgery was 56 months (range 24-132 mo). RESULTS The median time to tumor enlargement was 9 months (5-60 mo). The median volume increase was 75%. A loss of central enhancement was noted in 28 (93%) patients. Six (20%) patients had new symptoms noted at the time of tumor enlargement including hemifacial spasm (n = 2), ataxia (n = 2), trigeminal neuralgia (n = 1), and facial numbness (n = 1). Additional treatment was performed at the time of initial enlargement in 3 patients (resection, n = 2; ventriculoperitoneal shunt, n = 1). In the 28 patients who did not undergo resection at the time of initial enlargement, three patterns were identified on later imaging. Sixteen (57%) patients showed eventual tumor regression (type 1), and eight (29%) patients had tumors that increased and remained larger but did not show progressive enlargement (type 2). Four (14%) patients showed progressive enlargement on serial imaging (type 3) and underwent additional treatment (resection, n = 3; stereotactic radiation therapy, n = 1). CONCLUSION Tumor expansion after VS radiosurgery rarely denotes a failed procedure, and the majority of patients only require further imaging. Approximately one third of tumors that enlarge will remain increased in size compared with the time of radiosurgery but will not show sequential growth. Additional tumor treatment should be reserved only for patients who demonstrate progressive tumor enlargement on serial imaging (2% in this series).
Impact of Realistic Mobility Models on Wireless Networks Performance

In order to assess the mobile ad hoc network (MANET) performance accurately, it is necessary that the mobility model used emulates closely the real life scenario. Random waypoint is generally used as the default mobility model in most network simulations, which exhibits movement patterns that are most non-humanlike. In this paper, we incorporate more realistic mobility models including entity mobility models (Manhattan grid and Gauss Markov) and group mobility models (reference point group mobility and column mobility) in a multi-path (Rayleigh) fading environment. The effects of realistic mobility characteristics like temporal and spatial dependencies of velocity and geographic restrictions on performance metrics such as energy-goodput, packet delivery ratio, and control overhead packets generated are studied in detail. The energy utilized to transmit, receive, and drop data and control packets are calculated for the various mobility models. This analysis helps in discerning the effect of mobility and fading on the performance of a MANET and further facilitates in determining the impact of mobility models on performance in various network scenarios
Mortality is associated with social rank in the clown anemonefish (Amphiprion percula)

Elucidating the causes of post-recruitment mortality is a vital step toward understanding the pop- ulation dynamics of coral reef fishes. Predation is often considered to be the primary proximate cause of mortality. It has, however, proven difficult to discern the relative contributions of predation and other processes, such as competition for food, shelter, or mates, to pat- terns of mortality. To determine which other processes might be important drivers of mortality patterns, factors related to mortality in the clown anemonefish Amphip- rion percula (Lacepede, 1802) were examined. Patterns of mortality will not be driven by predation in A. percula, because these fish are well protected from predators by their close association with sea anemones. Mortality rates were based on the disappearance of known indi- viduals from a population of 201, in 57 groups, during a 1-year field study (in 1997), in Madang Lagoon, Papua New Guinea. Mortality rate of A. percula was low (14% per annum) compared to other coral reef fish, probably due to the protection from predators afforded by the anemone. Six factors (reef, depth, anemone diameter, number of individuals, density, and standard length) showed no association with the probability of mortality (P>0.05). Rank was the only factor associated with the probability of mortality (P<0.03); low-rank individuals (ranks 4-6) suffered a higher mortality rate than high- rank individuals (ranks 1-3) (P<0.01). The most likely explanation for this pattern was that competition for rank, amongst individuals within an anemone, resulted in some individuals evicting their subordinates. Individuals probably competed for rank because it conferred access to reproduction, and not because it conferred access to food or shelter. Such competition for reproduction will be intense whenever some individuals obtain a greater share of reproduction than others do, and it may be an important process influencing the dynamics of coral reef fish populations. Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary mate- rial is available for this article if you access the article at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-003-1106-8. A link in the frame on the left on that page takes you directly to the supplementary material.
The Building of a Large Government Digital Library

This paper reports on the methodology of building an electronic digital library. In particular, it addresses the issues involving OCR errors and conversion. It also reports on data mining applications required for filtering sensitive information.
Fatigue Crack Growth Analyses of Aerospace Threaded Fasteners—Part III: Experimental Crack Growth Behavior

Because fatigue crack growth in a threaded fastener can cause the loss of an aircraft, damage tolerant analyses are required. Because designers commonly perform crack growth analyses on stainless steel fasteners with scant data or simplifying assumptions, or both, the objective of this research was to determine the stress intensity multiplication factor (Y) in the threads of a nut loaded, stainless steel, aerospace, roll-threaded bolt under tensile fatigue conditions as the nondimensionalized crack depth (a/d) approaches zero. Y(a/d) can then be used to improve the accuracy of fatigue crack growth life estimations. Unflawed and flawed aerospace bolts were fatigue tested at a maximum stress (S) ranging from the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) to the surface endurance limit of the test bolt and at several loading ratios of 0.1⩽R⩽0.9. Data collection from the fracture surfaces yielded crack front shape characterization and striation spacing. The shape of the crack front in the unflawed and flawed test bolts was different and both changed as the crack grew. Fifty-one striation spacing measurements ranging from 5.6×10−5 to 7.9×10−4 mm were found at crack depths of a/d>0.035. These striation measurements were directly related to crack growth rates so that stress intensity factor ranges (ΔK) and in turn Y(a/d) could be estimated.
Central role of the BK channel in urinary bladder smooth muscle physiology and pathophysiology.

The physiological functions of the urinary bladder are to store and periodically expel urine. These tasks are facilitated by the contraction and relaxation of the urinary bladder smooth muscle (UBSM), also known as detrusor smooth muscle, which comprises the bladder wall. The large-conductance voltage- and Ca2+-activated K+ (BK, BKCa, MaxiK, Slo1, or KCa1.1) channel is highly expressed in UBSM and is arguably the most important physiologically relevant K+ channel that regulates UBSM function. Its significance arises from the fact that the BK channel is the only K+ channel that is activated by increases in both voltage and intracellular Ca2+. The BK channels control UBSM excitability and contractility by maintaining the resting membrane potential and shaping the repolarization phase of the spontaneous action potentials that determine UBSM spontaneous rhythmic contractility. In UBSM, these channels have complex regulatory mechanisms involving integrated intracellular Ca2+ signals, protein kinases, phosphodi...
Data remapping for distributed-memory multicomputers

The fragmented memory model of distributed-memory multicomputers, such as the Intel iPSC and Paragon series of computers, and the Thinking Machines CM-5, introduces significant complexity into the compilation process. Since most conventional programming languages provide a model of a global memory, a distributed-memory compiler must translate all data references to correspond to the fragmented memory on the system hardware. This paper describes a technique called array remapping which can automatically be applied to parallel loops containing arbitrary array subscripts. The compile time and runtime aspects of providing support for remapping are described, and the performance of this implementation of remapping is presented. >
Explanation of the central charge ratio 27/32 in four-dimensional renormalization group flows between superconformal theories.

We show that when a four-dimensional $\mathcal{N}=2$ superconformal field theory (SCFT) flows to an $\mathcal{N}=1$ SCFT via giving a mass to the adjoint chiral superfield in a vector multiplet with marginal coupling, the central charges $a$ and $c$ of the $\mathcal{N}=2$ theory are related to those of the $\mathcal{N}=1$ theory by a universal linear transformation as long as there are no accidental symmetries in the infrared. In the large $N$ limit, this relationship implies that the central charges obey ${a}_{\mathrm{IR}}/{a}_{\mathrm{UV}}={c}_{\mathrm{IR}}/{c}_{\mathrm{UV}}=27/32$. This gives a physical explanation to many examples of this number found in the literature, and also suggests the existence of a flow between some theories not previously thought to be connected.
THE SEDIMENTATION RATE OF THE ERYTHROCYTES IN EXPERIMENTAL OBSTRUCTION OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

The results of the study of the suspension stability of the blood after upper gastrointestinal tract obstruction are reported. After obstruction of the cardiac end of the stomach, of the pylorus, and of the jejunum the red cells separate from the plasma much more rapidly than normal. The variation in sedimentation time is due to a variation in the physicochemical status of the blood.
Experimental demonstration of an online trajectory optimization scheme using approximate spatial value functions

Receding Horizon (RH) control is an established control methodology which has been used successfully for many control applications. More recently it has been applied for autonomous vehicle guidance. Its successful implementation, in particular for applications involving agile vehicles like rotorcraft, hinges on two critical factors: 1) adequately accounting for the vehicle dynamics to guarantee that the trajectory is feasible and also that the capabilities of the vehicle are fully exploited; 2) using an appropriate cost-to-go (CTG) function to account for the discarded tail of the trajectory. In this paper we describe the experimental evaluation of a RH trajectory optimization scheme with a CTG function which approximates the value function associated with the minimum time optimal trajectory planning problem. The paper describes how the CTG function is computed; how the system is integrated; and finally describes the experimental demonstration of the guidance scheme. The experiments were performed in our Interactive Guidance and Control Laboratory which combines state of the art software architecture with a customized miniature helicopter.
Correlation of immunophenotype with progression-free survival in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors treated with imatinib mesylate

BACKGROUND. The therapy for gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) has been revolutionized by imatinib mesylate (IM). It is unknown whether the levels of KIT expression or the presence of CD34, smooth muscle actin (SMA), desmin, or S-100 protein predicts patient outcome from IM therapy. In the current study, the prognostic effects for KIT and other proteins (CD34, SMA, desmin, S-100) were analyzed in a series of GISTs in which protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis (IHC). METHODS. The cases of 106 patients with GIST who were uniformly treated with IM at the study institution between December 15, 2000, and January 13, 2002 were evaluated retrospectively. The association between KIT intensity, CD34, desmin, SMA, S-100 protein, and progression-free survival (PFS) was studied. Kaplan-Meier analysis and the Cox proportional hazards regression model were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS. The majority of tumors arose from the stomach (37%), small intestine (35%), and colorectum (14%). KIT expression as determined by IHC was categorized as weak (10%), intermediate (32%), or strong (58%). Patient tumors expressed CD34 (75%), SMA (56%), desmin (1%), and S-100 protein (32%). Patients whose GIST had weak, intermediate, or strong KIT expression were found to have an 18-month PFS rate of 80%, 84%, and 69%, respectively (P = .30). The presence or absence of CD34, SMA, desmin, or S-100 protein did not appear to correlate with PFS after IM. CONCLUSIONS. Patients with the appropriate clinical presentation and KIT-positive GIST tumors appear to benefit from IM independent of the level of KIT or the expression of CD34, SMA, desmin, or S-100 protein by IHC. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Exploring RFCOAs and its application to products

A certificate of authenticity (COA) is an inexpensive physical object that has a random and unique multidimensional structure S which is hard to near-exactly replicate. An inexpensive device should be able to scan object's physical “fingerprint,” i.e., obtain a set of features in the form of a multidimensional signal x that pseudo-uniquely represents S. For a given “fingerprint” x and without access to S, it should be computationally difficult to construct an object of fixed dimensions with a “fingerprint” y which is at a bounded proximity from x according to a standardized distance metric. We introduce objects that behave as COAs in the electromagnetic field. The objective is to complement RFIDs so that they are physically, not only digitally, unique and hard to replicate. By enabling this feature, we introduce a tag whose information about the product can be read within a relative far-field, and also whose authenticity can be reliably verified within its near-field. In order to counterfeit a tag, the adversary faces two difficulties - a computational and a manufacturing one. In order to create an actual tag, the adversary must also manufacture a multidimensional object with a specific three-dimensional topology, dielectric properties, and conductivity. This technology can be applied to various systems such as credit cards and license tags/receipts.
Coxiella burnetii acid phosphatase inhibits the release of reactive oxygen intermediates in polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

Coxiella burnetii, the etiological agent of Q fever, is a small, Gram-negative, obligate intracellular bacterium. Replication of C. burnetii during infection has been shown to be increased by decreasing oxidative stress using p47 phox / and iNOS / mice in vivo and by pharmacologic inhibitors in vitro. Building upon this model, we investigated the role polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) play in the control of infection, since NADPH oxidase-mediated release of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) is a primary bactericidal mechanism for these cells that is critical for early innate clearance. Earlier studies suggested that C. burnetii actively inhibited release of ROI from PMN through expression of an unidentified acid phosphatase (ACP). Recent genomic annotations identified one open reading frame (CBU0335) which may encode a Sec- and type II-dependent secreted ACP. To test this model, viable C. burnetii propagated in tissue culture host cells or axenic media, C. burnetii extracts, or purified recombinant ACP (rACP) was combined with human PMN induced with 4-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). The release of ROI was inhibited when PMN were challenged with viable C. burnetii, C. burnetii extracts, or rACP but not when PMN were challenged with electron beam-inactivated C. burnetii. C. burnetii extracts and rACP were also able to inhibit PMA-induced formation of NADPH oxidase complex on PMN membranes, suggesting a molecular mechanism responsible for this inhibition. These data support a model in which C. burnetii eludes the primary ROI killing mechanism of activated PMN by secreting at least one acid phosphatase. Coxiella burnetii, the etiological agent of Q fever, is a small, Gram-negative, obligate intracellular bacterium. Human Q fever is most commonly acquired through aerosol inhalation of soil contaminated with livestock birth products (43). There are two distinct disease progressions associated with Q fever: acute and chronic infection. The acute infection presents as a flu-like illness often including severe periorbital headache, and clinical
Extra-atomic relaxation energies and the Auger parameter

Abstract A simple procedure is used to derive several of the models that have been developed to understand relaxation energies, and especially the relationship between the Auger parameter and the extra-atomic relaxation energy. The approach shows clearly the assumptions that are made in these models and the next level of higher-order terms needed in the evaluation of extra-atomic relaxation energies from the Auger parameter. Numerical evaluation of these higher-order terms shows that they are probably small, except when comparison is made between atoms in very dissimilar environments. The problems that arise when the final orbitals of the Auger transition are not entirely in the core are considered.
Improving acoustic models with captioned multimedia speech

Speech recognition can be used to create searchable transcripts for audio indexing in digital video libraries. Large amounts of hand-transcribed speech training data are required to build or improve acoustic models of highly accurate speech recognition systems using current technologies. We present a technique to use television broadcasts with closed-captions as a source for large amounts of automatically extracted and accurately transcribed speech for improving acoustic models. The errorful closed captioned text is aligned with the also errorful speech recognition output and matching segments are used with each corresponding audio segment as acoustic training data to improve the speech recognition system. Our technique automatically extracted 131.4 hours of transcribed speech and improved the word error rate of our currently best speech recognition system (Sphinx-III) from 32.82% to 31.19%. A speech recognizer trained exclusively on 70.7 hours of this automatically transcribed speech produced a word error rate of 32.7%.
Timing of Neutrophil Activation and Expression of Proinflammatory Markers Do Not Support a Role for Neutrophils in Cervical Ripening in the Mouse

Abstract The mechanisms that facilitate remodeling of the cervix in preparation for and during parturition remain poorly understood. In the current study, we have evaluated the timing of inflammatory cell migration in cervix through comparisons between wild-type mice and steroid 5alpha-reductase type 1 null mice (Srd5a1−/−), which fail to undergo cervical ripening due to insufficient local progesterone metabolism. The timing of migration and distribution of macrophages, monocytes, and neutrophils were examined using cervices from wild-type and Srd5a1−/− mice before Day 15 (d15) and during cervical ripening (late d18), and postpartum (d19). Neutrophil numbers were quantitated by cell counts and activity was estimated by measurement of myeloperoxidase activity. The mRNA and/or protein expression of neutrophil chemoattractants, CXCL2 and CXCL1, and other proinflammatory and adhesion molecules, including IL1A, IL1B, TNF, CCL11, CCL5, CCL3, ITGAM, and ICAM1, were measured in cervices collected before, during, ...
Evaluation of Classroom-Based, Web-Enhanced, and Web-Based Distance Learning Nutrition Courses for Undergraduate Nursing

A traditional classroom-based course was transitioned during three semesters to a Web-enhanced and then a Web-based course. This nutrition course was part of the core curriculum for 58 undergraduate nursing students. Evaluation data were collected and analyzed to compare the effectiveness of the traditional classroom, Web-enhanced, and Web-based courses. Areas of evaluation included mid-term and final examination scores and course grades, as well as student self-reports of instructor preparation, instructor-student interaction, testing, course objectives and assignments, textbooks, and strengths and weaknesses of the course. No differences were found in student learning outcomes. Although the Web-based course received the lowest mean course evaluation score, which was significantly different from the scores of the other two instructional methods, the students' qualitative comments revealed both positive and negative aspects of online instruction.
COSMO-RS and solvatochromic parameters to investigate the correlation between P3HT assembly and the nucleophilicity of solvents

The use of specific binary solvent mixtures to drive the self-assembly of semiconducting polymers, such as poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), as a route to well-organized films and optoelectronic composites has garnered a lot of interest. To date, the dominant intermolecular forces in these mixtures have only been partially scrutinized. The σ-profiles obtained from the Conductor-like Screening Model for Real Solvents (COSMO-RS) calculations are used to assess the lipophilic, electrophilic, and nucleophilic characteristics of 48 binary solvent mixtures. Correlations between these characteristics and experimentally measured Kamlet–Taft (α, β, π*) and ETN solvatochromic parameters are examined to assess the nature of the solvent-polymer interactions directing the assembly of P3HT into macromolecular architectures. The experimental and computed σ-profiles results are in good agreement and indicate that while the polarity of the solvent impacts the general solubility behavior of P3HT, the nucleophilicity of the solvent mixture is a key factor in dictating the structural order of P3HT aggregates.
Analysis of Dual Mobility Liner Rim Damage Using Retrieved Components and Cadaver Models.

Abstract Background The objective of this study was to assess the retentive rim of retrieved dual mobility liners for visible evidence of deformation from femoral neck contact and to use cadaver models to determine if anterior soft tissue impingement could contribute to such deformation. Methods Fifteen surgically retrieved polyethylene liners were assessed for evidence of rim deformation. The average time in vivo was 31.4 months, and all patients were revised for reasons other than intraprosthetic dislocation. Liner interaction with the iliopsoas was studied visually and with fluoroscopy in cadaver specimens using a dual mobility system different than the retrieval study. For fluoroscopic visualization, a metal wire was sutured to the iliopsoas and wires were also embedded into grooves on the outer surface of the liner and the inner head. Results All retrievals showed evidence of femoral neck contact. The cadaver experiments showed that liner motion was impeded by impingement with the iliopsoas tendon in low flexion angles. When observing the hip during maximum hyperextension, 0°, 15°, and 30° of flexion, there was noticeable tenting of the iliopsoas caused by impingement with the liner. Conclusion Liner rim deformation resulting from contact with the femoral neck likely begins during early in vivo function. The presence of deformation is indicative of a mechanism inhibiting mobility of the liner. The cadaver studies showed that liner motion could be impeded because of its impingement with the iliopsoas. Such soft tissue impingement may be one mechanism by which liner motion is routinely inhibited, which can result in load transfer from the neck to the rim.
Effects of Repeated Head Trauma Causing Mental Health Problems Including Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) in Athletes

This paper focuses on the effects of repeated head trauma in athletes and how these repetitive blows to the head are causing a range of mental health problems. The primary focus, in terms of problems addressed, is chronic traumatic encephalopathy (often referred to as CTE) in the population of athletes, especially those participating in contact and combat sports. The disorders covered are caused by the cumulative effects of both concussive and sub-concussive blows to the head over a period of time.
International Paper: Alternatives to the Longwood Woodyard Plant

This case is a sequel to "International Paper: Longwood Woodyard Plant" (UVA-F-1252).The cases are designed to be taught in sequence.This case presents three alternative proposals to the base-case proposal presented in UVA-F-1252. Students are provided with cash flow data, but must complete the estimation of cash flows in order to make a meaningful comparison across the projects. The importance of using net present value (NPV) as the basis for the decision, rather than internal rate of return (IRR) or some other, accounting-based metric is stressed. Because of the basic issues covered, the cases work well with undergraduate, MBA and executive audiences.
Seismic evidence for the tectonics of Central and Western Asia

A statistical analysis of the null axes of the fault-plane solutions of earthquakes in any one area permits determination of the average tectonic motion direction of that area. In the present paper this method has been applied to areas in central and western Asia for which several hundred fault-plane solutions are readily available in the literature. The investigation yields the result that (seismically) calculated tectonic motion directions in a series of small areas that are part of a larger unit are consistent with each other and that there is in every case an excellent correlation with the tectonic motion of the area as postulated from geological studies. This appears to justify completely the seismic method. The seismically determined tectonic motion in central Asia appears to be mainly in a north-south direction. The motion refers to the present time (since the earthquakes occur at the present time), but it is the same as that postulated in geology for an explanation of the folding of the central Asian mountain ranges. This demonstrates that the stress system which created the central Asian mountains is active at the present time.
ACID HYDROLYSIS OF AZIRIDINYL PHOSPHORAMIDES

Abstract The acid hydrolysis of two model aziridinyl phosphoramides, l-aziridinylbis(dimethylamino)phosphine oxide (11) and bis(l-aziridinyl) (dimethylamino)phosphine oxide (16), in aqueous acetic acid proceeded by an initial aziridine ring opening to give 2-hydroxyethyl phosphoramides 12 and 17, respectively. These intermediates rapidly cyclized to an oxazaphospholidine ring structure 13 or 18, with the subsequent loss of dimethylamine or aziridine. Analysis of ongoing hydrolysis showed that 13 underwent cleavage of the ring P—N bond to give 14, which hydrolyzed further to yield 15 (2-aminoethyl dihydrogen phosphate) as a final product. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and infrared data to support this hydrolytic pathway for 11 and 16 are presented and discussed. NMR and HPLC data for the observed hydrolysis of tepa (tris(1-aziridinyl)phosphine oxide, 1) are also presented and suggest that an analogous reaction mechanism occurs...
Summary of Meeting on Modern Trends in Human Leukemia

An international meeting concerned with various aspects of leukemia, including etiology, diagnosis, pathogenesis, and clinical treatment, represents a major challenge and a promise for interaction among scientists with various backgrounds and representing many disciplines. The organizers of the third meeting on human leukemia in Wilsede molded the framework for this interaction by assembling a distinguished group of scientists, thus providing both formal and informal opportunities to discuss problems pertaining to leukemia. All sessions included highlights of new and exciting findings that were well presented by the investigators. Regrettably, many found it difficult (and in some instances impossible) to communicate information to a mixed group of scientists in such a way that those not directly involved in a particular type of research were able to digest, interpret, and comment on the work. Despite this shortcoming, it became obvious during the meeting that major progress is being made in better diagnosis of different forms of leukemia and that the clinician is better able to respond to the challenge of curing the patient because of it.
Halobenzoyl groups in glycosylation: effect on stereoselectivity and reactivity of glycosyl donors

Described herein is the synthesis and evaluation of a series of glycosyl donors equipped with halobenzoyl substituents at O(4) and O(6) to study their properties in glycosylations. Among possible effects that may include carbonyl participation or H-bond mediated aglycone delivery, our results indicate that halobenzoyls act via a different mode.
Current situation of human resources for expanded programme on immunization in Changsha City

OBJECTIVE To investigate staffing situation of Expanded Programme on Immunization(EPI) in Changsha City,and provide references for scientific configuration of human resources for EPI.METHODS 9 county-level centers for diseases control and prevention(CDC) were organized to fill some related forms,and statistic analysis was made by using the data of the forms.RESULTS There were altogether 842 EPI workers in 6 districts,3 counties,165 towns,and 1 819 villages of Changsha,of them 36 working in CDC,356 in towns facilities,and 450 in villages;0.6% were senior title,14.8% were middle title,78.2% were primary title,and 6.3% had no title of professional post;12.4% were bachelor and higher degree,49.5% college diploma,35.7% with senior high school diploma,and 2.4% with junior high school diploma.CONCLUSION Current situation of human resources for EPI cannot follow up the tendency.For this reason,health administrative departments should strengthen macroscopic management,proper regulation and reasonable configuration for matching the immunization program tasks and staff,so as to meet the requirements of disease control in new era.
Spare Part Purchase Plan and the Intellegent Management of the Spare Parts

Since the quantity of equipment in large company is huge,there are different kinds of spare parts that are difficult to deal with.We used to make a stock plan based on the experience witch result in the disadvantage of large amounts of emergency parts and burden of balance work.Therefore,we need an intelligent management of spare parts considering aspects of demand,stock,contract,delivery,inventory,warehouse management,dispatch,etc.