cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the asymmetric response of aquifer water level to floods and droughts in Illinois

Here we analyze observed characteristics of the natural variability in the regional-scale hydrological cycle of Illinois, including the soil and atmospheric branches. This analysis is based on a consistent data set that describes several hydrological variables: the flux of atmospheric water vapor, incoming solar radiation, precipitation, soil moisture content, aquifer water level, and river flow. The climatology of the average regional hydrological cycle has been estimated. Variability in incoming solar radiation, not precipitation, is the main forcing of the seasonal variability in evaporation, soil moisture content, aquifer water level, and river flow. While precipitation plays a minor role in shaping the natural variability in the regional hydrological cycle at the seasonal timescale, variability in precipitation is the major factor in shaping the natural variability in the regional hydrological cycle at the interannual timescale. The anomalies in the different variables of the regional hydrological cycle have been computed and the persistence patterns of extreme floods and droughts have been compared. The 1988 drought left a signature in the aquifer water level that is significantly more persistent than the corresponding signature for the 1993 summer flood. The discharge from unconfined groundwater aquifers to streams (base flow) provides an efficient dissipation mechanism for the wet anomalies in aquifer water level. However, the nonlinear dependence of the groundwater discharge on aquifer water level (groundwater rating curve) may explain why droughts leave a significantly more persistent signature on groundwater hydrology, in comparison to the signature of floods. This nonlinearity has been attributed to the increasing degree by which the unconfined aquifers get connected to the channels network, as the aquifer water level rises leading to higher drainage density. The potential implications of these results regarding the impact on regional water resources due to any future climate change are discussed.
Electrogenic Anion Absorption in Rabbit Distal Colon

AbstractThe mechanisms of anion transport in the rabbit distal colon were investigated in vitro under short-circuit conditions by examining the effects of transport inhibitors (the stilbene derivatives SITS and DIDS) under a variety of conditions. These agents consistently inhibited JClm-3: SITS (10–3M) reduced both unidirectional chloride fluxes to the same degree and did not alter JClnet. In contrast, 10–4M DIDS had no effect on JCls-m and had a significant chloride antiabsorptive effect. DIDS had no effect on either tissue cyclic AMP levels or on basal flux of potassium. The effects of SITS and the cyclic AMP-related secretagogue theophylline on lsc were independent. Additionally, there was no significant alteration of intracellular potential difference or apical membrane fractional resistance elicited by SITS during microelectrode impalement of colonic surface epithelial cells. These results suggest a complex mechanism of anion transport in the distal colon, with a component of electrogenic anion abso...
Cancer chemoprevention and mitochondria: Targeting apoptosis in transformed cells via the disruption of mitochondrial bioenergetics/redox state

Cancer chemoprevention employs agents that block, hinder, or reverse tumorigenesis to prevent malignancy. Several putative cancer chemopreventive agents promote apoptosis in transformed cells initiated in animal carcinogenesis models or identified in human subjects, and/or in tumor cells cultured in vitro. Consequently, apoptosis induction is increasingly valued as a biologically significant anticancer mechanism in the arena of chemoprevention. In vitro studies suggest that the permeabilization of mitochondrial membranes is an important mechanistic determinant associated with the apoptosis induced by these agents. Mitochondrial membrane permeabilization (MMP) may occur via the control of proapoptotic Bcl-2 family members, and/or by the induction of the mitochondrial permeability transition. Both of these cell death-inducing regulatory mechanisms are ultimately responsive to the bioenergetic status/redox state of mitochondria. Interestingly, in addition to inducing MMP, various chemopreventive agents can directly modulate mitochondrial bioenergetics and/or redox tone in transformed cells. This review will examine prospective mechanisms associated with the disruption of mitochondrial function by chemopreventive agents that affect MMP and apoptosis. In doing so, we will construct a paradigm supporting the notion that the bioenergetic and/or redox characteristics of the mitochondria in transformed cells are important targets in the chemoprevention of cancer.
Low Recruitment of Trees Dispersed by Animals in African Forest Fragments

: We investigated the effects of forest fragmentation on the disappearance of fruit-eating animals and the recruitment of animal-, wind-, and gravity-dispersed trees in 80-year-old forest patches in the East Usambara Mountains of Tanzania. We compared adult and juvenile trees in forest transects in a 3500–ha submontane forest with those in four forest fragments of 521, 30, 9, and 0.5 ha. Preliminary results show that recruitment of seedlings and juveniles of 31 animal-dispersed tree species was more than three times greater in continuous forest and large forest fragments (≥30 ha) than in small forest fragments (≤9 ha), whereas recruitment of eight wind- and gravity-dispersed trees of the forest interior was unaffected. Recruitment of 10 endemic, animal-dispersed tree species was 40 times lower in small fragments than in continuous forest or large fragments. Counts of diurnal primates and birds in all five sites indicated that frugivorous species have declined with decreasing fragment size. These results are consistent with the idea that loss of dispersal agents depresses tree recruitment in the course of forest fragmentation. Resumen: Investigamos los efectos de la fragmentacion del bosque en la desaparicion de animales frugivoros y el reclutamiento de arboles dispersados por animales y viento en parches de bosques de 80 anos de edad en las montanas del este de Usambara, Tanzania. Comparamos arboles adultos y juveniles en transectos de bosque en un bosque submontanoso de 3500 ha con transectos de cuatro fragmentos de bosque de 521, 30, 9 y 0.5 ha. Los resultados preliminares muestran que el reclutamiento de plantulas y juveniles especies de arboles dispersados por animales fue tres veces mayor en el bosque continuo y fragmentos grandes (≥30 ha) que en fragmentos pequenos (≤9 ha), mientras que el reclutamiento de ocho arboles dispersados por viento y gravedad del interior del bosque no fue afectado. El reclutamiento de 10 especies endemicas de arboles dispersados por animales fue 40 veces menor en los fragmentos pequenos que en el bosque continuo o en los fragmentos grandes. Los conteos de primates diurnos y aves en los cinco sitios indican que las especies frugivoras han disminuido con la disminucion del tamano del fragmento. Estos resultados son consistentes con la idea de que la perdida de los agentes dispersores deprime el reclutamiento de los arboles en el transcurso de la fragmentacion del bosque.
Skeletal myotube integration with planar microelectrode arrays in vitro for spatially selective recording and stimulation: a comparison of neuronal and myotube extracellular action potentials.

Microelectrode array (MEA) technology holds tremendous potential in the fields of biodetection, lab-on-a-chip applications, and tissue engineering by facilitating noninvasive electrical interaction with cells in vitro. To date, significant efforts at integrating the cellular component with this detection technology have worked exclusively with neurons or cardiac myocytes. We investigate the feasibility of using MEAs to record from skeletal myotubes derived from primary myoblasts as a way of introducing a third electrogenic cell type and expanding the potential end applications for MEA-based biosensors. We find that the extracellular action potentials (EAPs) produced by spontaneously contractile myotubes have similar amplitudes to neuronal EAPs. It is possible to classify myotube EAPs by biological signal source using a shape-based spike sorting process similar to that used to analyze neural spike trains. Successful spike-sorting is indicated by a low within-unit variability of myotube EAPs. Additionally, myotube activity can cause simultaneous activation of multiple electrodes, in a similar fashion to the activation of electrodes by networks of neurons. The existence of multiple electrode activation patterns indicates the presence of several large, independent myotubes. The ability to identify these patterns suggests that MEAs may provide an electrophysiological basis for examining the process by which myotube independence is maintained despite rapid myoblast fusion during differentiation. Finally, it is possible to use the underlying electrodes to selectively stimulate individual myotubes without stimulating others nearby. Potential uses of skeletal myotubes grown on MEA substrates include lab-on-a-chip applications, tissue engineering, co-cultures with motor neurons, and neural interfaces. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2011
Rhetoric and its alternatives as bases for examination of intimate communication

“Interpersonal communication” is an abstraction that includes too much. Intimate communication between friends and lovers represents a special case of exchanged discourse that has had little attention devoted to it. Both behaviorists and humanistic psychologists have attempted such study but their work has resulted in a mythology which is counter‐productive. A study of 511 intimate relationships demonstrates some particular consistencies which appear to represent intimacy as a type of rhetorical situation. Examining such relationships by using a set of rhetorical heuristics appears to be functionally productive in theory‐building and application.
Exploring the Relationship between Spirituality, Coping, and Pain

There is growing recognition that persistent pain is a complex and multidimensional experience stemming from the interrelationship among biological, psychological, social, and spiritual factors. Chronic pain patients use a number of cognitive and behavioral strategies to cope with their pain, including religious/spiritual forms of coping, such as prayer, and seeking spiritual support to manage their pain. This article will explore the relationship between the experience of pain and religion/spirituality with the aim of understanding not only why some people rely on their faith to cope with pain, but also how religion/spirituality may impact the experience of pain and help or hinder the coping process. We will also identify future research priorities that may provide fruitful research in illuminating the relationship between religion/spirituality and pain.
Klüver-Bucy Syndrome in a Child with Bilateral Arachnoid Cysts: Report of a Case

Kluver-Bucy syndrome is an uncommon constellation of behavioral abnormalities resulting from bilateral temporal lobe damage. The syndrome is rare in adults and even less commonly seen in children. In this paper we present a child with Kluver-Bucy syndrome and bilateral temporal arachnoid cysts.
The Dedisciplining of Peer Review

The demand for greater public accountability is changing the nature of ex ante peer review at public science agencies worldwide. Based on a four year research project, this essay examines these changes through an analysis of the process of grant proposal review at two US public science agencies, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the National Science Foundation (NSF). Weaving historical and conceptual narratives with analytical accounts, we describe the ways in which these two agencies struggle with the question of incorporating considerations of societal impact into the process of peer review. We use this comparative analysis to draw two main conclusions. First, evaluation of broader societal impacts is not different in kind from evaluation of intellectual merit. Second, the scientific community may actually bolster its autonomy by taking a broader range of considerations into its peer review processes.
Laser-noise-induced intensity fluctuations in an optical interferometer

We calculate the intensity fluctuations of the light transmitted by a Fabry-Perot interferometer when a broadband laser is incident upon it. The laser field is assumed to have a Lorentzian spectrum and to be broadened by random amplitude fluctuations (real or complex) or random frequency fluctuations. In each case we obtain closed-form expressions for the intensity autocorrelation function, from which we can obtain the magnitude of the intensity fluctuations, as well as the power spectrum. These results indicate a strong dependence of the transmitted intensity fluctuations on the higher-order statistical properties of the incident field. Agreement with similar results concerning atomic fluorescence fluctuations is very good.
Energy Bands of Aluminum

The Green's function method for investigating the band structure of crystals is applied here to aluminum. The potential used in the calculations is close to that employed by Heine, the difference consisting of a correction and a small modification required for the simple application of the Green's function method. Extensive calculations were made in order to study the convergence of the energies and wave functions and the perturbation arising from the use of the "muffin-tin" potential instead of the originally determined $V(\mathrm{r})$. The convergence of the energies is shown to be very rapid; the convergence for the eigenfunctions is somewhat slower but is still satisfactory. The perturbations of the eigenvalues are shown to be smaller than the errors expected as a result of the inaccuracies in the present potential, which is known comparatively accurately. The relative separations of the calculated levels are in good agreement with those for Heine's result except for his upper ${K}_{1}$ level which is about 0.25 ry too high. Our energies lie about 0.1 ry below Heine's as a result of the correction to the potential. It is shown that the calculated eigenvalues can be fitted remarkably well for filled and low-lying excited states by a nearly free electron (pseudopotential) interpolation scheme. It is also shown that the Bloch functions can be determined in a simple fashion from the nearly free electron scheme. By virtue of the similarity of the present bands with those Harrison obtained by the pseudopotential interpolation procedure, we conclude that the shape of the Fermi surface associated with the present results is consistent with available experimental data.
Probing diruthenium σ-alkynyl bonding interactions via substituent effects. Linear free energy relationships in dinuclear compounds VI

Abstract Several paramagnetic tetrakis(diarylformamidinato)diruthenium(II,III) complexes bearing one phenylethynyl ligand at the axial position, Ru2(ArNC(H)NAr)4(CCPh) (Ar as p-ClC6H4 (2), m-ClC6H4 (3), m-CF3C6H4 (4), 3,4-Cl2C6H3 (5), and 3,5-Cl2C6H3 (6)), were prepared and characterized. Cyclic voltammetry studies of 2–6 revealed the presence of two one-electron redox couples: Ru26+/Ru25+ and Ru25+/Ru24+, and the half-wave potential for the latter correlates linearly with the Hammett constant (σ) of the aryl substituent. Molecular structures of 3 and 6 were determined by X-ray crystallography. The nature of Ru2–CC bonding interaction was predominantly Ru–Cα σ-bonding based on the substituent-dependence of υ(CC), which decreases linearly with the increase of the Hammett constant σ of substituent.
Sparse feature extraction for Support Vector Data Description applications

Support Vector Data Description (SVDD) methods have been successfully applied to hyperspectral anomaly detection. Unfortunately, the performance of SVDD methods suffers when noisy or non-informative bands are present in the data. If a set of sparse features could be identified for these techniques, the resulting data may improve SVDD performance while enjoying the benefits of decreased processing overhead. Although band selection has been investigated in previous efforts, this work builds on recent research that has resulted in the development of a theoretical framework for signal classification with sparse representation using L 1 measures.
Oral Electromyography Activation Patterns for Speech Are Similar in Preschoolers Who Do and Do Not Stutter

Purpose In this study, the authors determined whether basic patterns of muscle activation for speech were similar in preschool children who stutter and in their fluent peers. Method Right and left ...
Extrapolating BATSE burst spectra to the optical-UV band

Finding an optical-UV counterpart to a gamma ray burst may solve the burst mystery, and therefore many searches in this wavelength band are planned or underway. To both predict detectability and understand the implications of any upper limits, we extrapolate the optical-UV fluxes from the fitted gamma ray spectra of 54 bright BATSE bursts. Based on a simple extrapolation of the burst spectrum, only the most sensitive detectors, such as the ETC and HETE, will be able to detect a few (∼5) bursts per year.
The Dark Side of the Semantic Web

Many of the exciting and important things that are happening with the Semantic Web come from the Web side rather than the AI side. So, to many AI researchers, this part of the technology is unknown and is thus the "dark side" of the Semantic Web.
Determining chemical potentials within the small system grand ensemble

Abstract We present a new method for the determination of the excess chemical potential, μ ex , of a model fluid based on the small system grand ensemble (SSGE). The SSGE method uses a cavity of predetermined radius that is randomly placed within the fluid. A “test particle” is then inserted into the cavity and integrated over the cavity volume. The ensemble average of the Boltzmann factor of the test particle is used to calculate μ ex . The SSGE method is an extension of the Widom’s test particle method; the two methods become equivalent when the cavity approaches zero volume. The SSGE algorithm is more accurate and efficient than Widom’s method, especially at high fluid densities where the cavity serves to locate regions of low potential energy. We present results for the pure-component Lennard–Jones and hard particle fluids. Additionally, the SSGE allows for the direct calculation of the pressure of the hard particle fluid during a Monte Carlo simulation. The SSGE is also applicable to multi-component systems and can be extended to the isothermal–isobaric ensemble in a straightforward manner. Accordingly, we include some results for μ ex of various binary Lennard–Jones and hard sphere mixtures in both the canonical and isothermal–isobaric ensembles.
Solid-state and inclusion properties of hydrogen-bonded 1,3-cyclohexanedione cyclamers

During crystallization 1,3-cyclohexanedione self assembles into either hydrogen-bonded chains or hexameric rings depending on the solvent conditions. The hexameric rings, called cyclamers, are the subject of this paper. These unusual structures occlude benzene as a guest molecule. The structural and crystal chemical properties of these host-guest compounds are explored here with the use of crystal growth studies, X-ray powder patterns, and thermal analysis. The crystal structure of the benzene cyclamer of 5-methyl-1,3-cyclohexanedione is reported (hexagonal,a =b = 19.19(2)A,c = 10.545(9)A,R3,Z = 18,V = 3362(6)A3; 717 unique reflections,R = 0.062). An analysis of the stereochemical implications of cyclic directionality in these cyclamers is also discussed.
Population-based approaches to understanding disparities in cardiovascular disease risk in the United States

This is a comprehensive narrative review of the literature on the current science and evidence of population-level differences in risk factors for heart disease among different racial and ethnic population in the US. It begins by discussing the importance of population-level risk assessment of heart disease in light of the growth rate of specific minority populations in the US. It describes the population-level dynamics for racial and ethnic minorities: a higher overall prevalence of risk factors for coronary artery disease that are unrecognized and therefore not treated, which increases their likelihood of experiencing adverse outcomes and, therefore, potentially higher morbidity and mortality. It discusses the rate of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in minority communities. Minority patients with ACS are at greater risk of myocardial infarction, rehospitalization, and death from ACS. They also are less likely than nonminority patients to receive potentially beneficial treatments such as angiography or percutaneous coronary intervention. This paper looks at the data surrounding the increased rate of congestive heart failure in racial and ethnic minorities, where the risk is related to the prevalence of comorbidities with hypertension or diabetes mellitus, which, in combination with environmental factors, may largely explain congestive heart failure disparity. The conclusion is it is essential that health care providers understand these various communities, including nuances in disease presentation, risk factors, and treatment among different racial and ethnic groups. Awareness of these communities’ attributes as well as differences in incidence, risk factor burdens, prognosis, and treatment are necessary to mitigate racial and ethnic disparities in heart disease.
Tsunami, Hurricane, and Jeremiah 4:23-28:

Jeremiah 4:23—28 depicts one of the most stunning visions and imagery in the Hebrew Bible. The language and metaphors portray large scale devastation, an un-creation, of the entire world. Paying at...
Serum Müllerian inhibiting substance levels are lower in premenopausal women with breast precancer and cancer

In preclinical studies, mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS) has a protective affect against breast cancer. Our objective was to determine whether serum MIS concentrations were associated with cancerous or precancerous lesions. Blood from 30 premenopausal women was collected and serum extracted prior to their undergoing breast biopsy to assess a suspicious lesion found on imaging or physical examination. Based on biopsy results, the serum specimens were grouped as cancer (invasive or ductal carcinoma in situ), precancer (atypical hyperplasia or lobular carcinoma in situ), or benign. Serum from women with cancer and precancer (p = .0009) had lower MIS levels than serum from women with benign disease. Our findings provide preliminary evidence for MIS being associated with current breast cancer risk, which should be validated in a larger population.
Opportunistic p-persistent CSMA in wireless networks

In this paper, Opportunistic p-persistent Carrier Sense Multiple Access (OpCSMA) is proposed to incorporate multiuser diversity into p-persistent CSMA. In the OpCSMA, each mobile terminal (MT) is assumed to have the knowledge of its channel state information (CSI). At each idle time slot, an MT sends a packet if the corresponding channel gain is above the threshold, which is determined such that the probability of accessing the medium is maintained to be p for any idle slots. Using the infinite user model, it is proved that the OpCSMA provides significant increase in the expected capacity compared to p-persistent CSMA. In addition, the expected capacity of the OpCSMA is shown to be proportional to ln G at low SNR where G is the offered load. Simulation results corroborate the above findings in slow fading channels.
Financial stability, the Basel Process and the new geography of regulation

The post-Bretton Woods era has witnessed the integration of the global financial system at an unprecedented pace. However, much of its institutional governance structure remains hinged on the old paradigm of national economies. Despite highly globalized financial markets, I find evidence of substantial clustering in the context of regional financial activity. Addressing the regulatory challenges of globalization, the so-called ‘Basel Process’ provides policy makers with a unique institutional arrangement that straddles the gap between the old and the new geographies of financial markets. The evolving architecture of the global financial system calls for a careful balancing of globally co-ordinated, locally decentralized regulation on the one hand and effective, centralized intervention mechanisms on the other hand.
Mechanical Heart Valves The Test of Time

The report by Svennevig and colleagues in this issue of Circulation will stand as an important contribution to our knowledge of the outcomes after heart valve replacement.1 This article, along with other extensive published series of patients followed up for as many as 4 decades after mechanical heart valve replacement, now help form the basis on which present and future decisions are made for patients with valvular heart disease. Article p 1795 Decades ago, the properties of an ideal valve replacement were described by the late Dr Dwight Harken, a pioneer in cardiac surgery2; included in these properties are durability (at least as good as a native valve), no thrombogenicity (hence, warfarin anticoagulation not required), no inherent gradient, and easy to implant. How close a prosthetic heart valve approaches these ideals can only be determined after large numbers of implants, assiduous management of anticoagulation, complete patient follow-up, and the test of time… decades. Because mechanical aortic valves are generally implanted in younger patients, the interaction of the prosthesis with the patient, the propensity (or lack thereof) of tissue ingrowth that can interfere with valve function, the long-term structural integrity, and the thrombogenicity and relative resistance to variability in anticoagulation can only be determined with the patient population size and duration of thorough follow-up reported in this issue of Circulation for the Hall-Medtronic prosthesis, as well as in previous publications for other mechanical heart valves. To date, no mechanical or bioprosthetic valve prosthesis has achieved the ideal profile described by Harken. However, we now recognize that some available valve prostheses may approach these ideal properties, and this type of long-term outcome study should guide prosthesis selection as we go forward. Valve replacement surgery has a long and important history, with initial efforts aimed to deal with aortic …
Mis-allocation of Political Capital

This paper investigates how political incentives aect the allocation of public goods using data from Brazil’s Federal Legislature, a setting in which federal politicians representing multi-member districts can issue budgetary amendments for public works in their respective districts. We examine these allocations in the context of a model that features three key aspects of this decision. First, politicians choose the allocation of funds to maximize the share of votes they receive in future elections and therefore their chances of staying in power. Second, while politicians are aected by political incentives, they may also have altruistic motives in deciding where to allocate these public works. Third, politicians take into account the fact that their allocation decisions are likely to inuence the choices of the other incumbent politicians, and vice versa. Based on our model estimates, we nd that relative to a social planner, political incentives distort 11 percent of the expenditure on public goods. Simulations illustrate the tradeo between altruistic motives and electoral returns and the extent to which alternative electoral rules can reduce political distortions. Finally, we use the model to evaluate policies aimed at changing the electoral system. We nd that a score voting system, which scholars believe is a better form of voting, increases the distortions generated by political incentives.
Comparison of 12-Hour Creatinine Clearance and Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in Renal Transplant Recipients

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is an essential clinical assessment of renal function post-renal transplantation. Creatinine clearance (CrCl) measured over 12 h and estimated GFR (e-GFR) (calculated by the Modification of diet in renal disease equation) were compared in 28 stable renal transplant recipients (RTRs). This single center study included 14 African American (AA) and 14 Caucasian (CC) recipients. The 12-h creatinine clearance (CrCl-12 h) was determined by monitored urine collection and by e-GFR on two occasions (two phases) separated by at least 2 weeks. Statistics included mixed model analysis of CrCl-12 h and e-GFR relative to race, phase, and difference between parameters. In the first phase, the e-GFR was higher in AA males (58.4 ± 14.8 mL/min) than the CC males (46.2 ± 10.2 mL/min) (p = 0.032), whereas the CrCl-12 h of AA males (70.8 ± 8.7 mL/min) and CC males (63.3 ± 21.7 mL/min) was not different (p = 0.740). During the second phase, the e-GFR in AA and CC RTRs was 55.4 ± 10.1 mL/min and 47.6 ± 10.7 mL/min (p = 0.117), respectively, whereas CrCl-12 h in AAs was 64.71 ± 17.9 mL/min and in CCs was 62.0 ± 14.9 mL/min (p = 1.000). The CrCl-12 h was higher than the e-GFR (p < 0.001) irrespective of race or phase. CrCl-12 h was not different on both occasions (p = 0.289) in all the patients. CrCl-12 h was consistently greater than e-GFR. The difference between these e-GFR estimates may have an importance in the care of RTRs.
Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-related Protein Modulates the Expression of Tissue-type Plasminogen Activator in Human Colon Fibroblasts

Abstract Human colon fibroblasts (HCF) produce tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) in culture, but after 24-48 h, t-PA ceases to accumulate in the medium. Here, we report negative feedback regulation of t-PA expression, exerted by t-PA or complexes of t-PA with its physiological inhibitor, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1). Inhibition of t-PA expression could be induced by addition of exogenous t-PA or t-PA·PAI-1 complexes and reversed by monoclonal antibody directed against the active site of t-PA. Analysis of metabolically radiolabeled protein and cellular mRNA showed that both t-PA protein and mRNA levels declined considerably after 24 h. When 125I-labeled t-PA or t-PA·PAI-1 complexes were incubated with HCF, monensin-inhibitable endocytosis and catabolism were observed. The low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) was found to be expressed by HCF and to mediate these events. Addition of the 39-kDa receptor-associated protein (RAP), an antagonist for ligand interactions with LRP, removed the block to t-PA expression and restored its accumulation in the medium. Moreover, RAP completely prevented the degradation of exogenous 125I-labeled t-PA by HCF, suggesting that LRP is the endocytic receptor for t-PA in these cells. These results demonstrate that cellular modulation of t-PA expression in HCF involves LRP receptor-mediated clearance of t-PA. This LRP receptor-mediated event results in down-regulation of t-PA expression at the mRNA level.
Facts About Samples, Fantasies About Domains

In past issues (vol.8, no. 1 and vol. 10, no. 1), Mehrens & Kaminski and Cohen & Hyman have addressed test-preparation procedures. On what points is there agreement between these authors? What are points of disagreement? Where have Cohen & Hyman misinterpreted Mehrens & Kaminski? What points made by Cohen & Hyman confuse Mehrens?
Stereotyping to Infer Group Membership Creates Plausible Deniability for Prejudice-Based Aggression

In the present study, participants administered painful electric shocks to an unseen male opponent who was either explicitly labeled as gay or stereotypically implied to be gay. Identifying the opponent with a gay-stereotypic attribute produced a situation in which the target's group status was privately inferred but plausibly deniable to others. To test the plausible deniability hypothesis, we examined aggression levels as a function of internal (personal) and external (social) motivation to respond without prejudice. Whether plausible deniability was present or absent, participants high in internal motivation aggressed at low levels, and participants low in both internal and external motivation aggressed at high levels. The behavior of participants low in internal and high in external motivation, however, depended on experimental condition. They aggressed at low levels when observers could plausibly attribute their behavior to prejudice and aggressed at high levels when the situation granted plausible deniability. This work has implications for both obstacles to and potential avenues for prejudice-reduction efforts.
Rewards, structure and alignment affect goal attainment

Competition in the global market requires creative solutions and ideas that surpass those any individual alone can conceive or achieve. Organizations can only succeed when employees work together, produce diverse ideas and unite their efforts in a focused direction. This paper presents a strategy to create an environment where individual contributors, teams or organizations want to work collectively to accomplish a common goal. This paper addresses alignment, structure and rewards that both encourage and support collaborative effort.
Improved high-voltage lateral RESURF MOSFETs in 4H-SiC

High-voltage lateral RESURF metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) in 4H-SiC have been experimentally demonstrated, that block 900 V with a specific on-resistance of 0.5 /spl Omega/-cm/sup 2/. The RESURF dose in 4H-SiC to maximize the avalanche breakdown voltage is almost an order of magnitude higher than that of silicon; however this high RESURF dose leads to oxide breakdown and reliability concerns in thin (100-200 nm) gate oxide devices due to high electric field (>3-4 MV/cm) in the oxide. Lighter RESURF doses and/or thicker gate oxides are required in SiC lateral MOSFETs to achieve highest breakdown voltage capability.
Low power coupling-based encoding for on-chip buses

This paper proposes a low-power encoding scheme for on-chip buses. The encoding scheme is based on the relative switching between bus lines rather than the self-switching of individual lines, as the coupling capacitor dominates the total capacitance in current DSM technologies. The proposed low-power coupling-based encoding technique, CBBI, provides a reduction in power dissipation of more than 27%. A common misconception of calculating the relative switching activity coefficients is also pointed out and corrected.
Simplifications in Minimal Design of Frames

A new method of minimum volume design of frames with continuously varying cross-sectional area is introduced. It relies exclusively on statical considerations and does not involve kinematical concepts like the only previously known method, developed by Heyman. Both methods are still highly idealized; they neglect the effect of the axial force and assume sandwich behavior of the cross section (namely that the required area is proportional to the bending moment, as is approximately the case in wide-flange thin-web I sections). The statical method permits an easier recognition of the possible configurations of the minimal stresses, requiring only combinations of location of a number of points along the axis of the structure and not the evolvement of possible patterns of deformation. It leads to a greater number of linear equations than its predecessor and makes possible the detection of the case of optimal determinancy, defined for the first time in this paper, in which the minimal stress is obtained more easily than in the general case.
Determining the Optimum Replacement Policy for Commercial Layers

Abstract THE rate of return to the commercial layer will vary with the annual cycles of egg and feed prices as well as with egg production; egg production being determined by the date of housing and the age of the bird. Poultrymen that have had the opportunity to observe income records from a number of commercial egg flocks have observed that fall-housed layers tend to produce a greater income than spring-housed layers. These operators have also reported that flocks develop the highest net income per bird when kept in production for more than a year. Thus operators of laying farms are faced with a replacement problem, for while they recognize that season is important, they cannot adjust their production so as to continually place birds at the time maximum incomes are generated since annual replacment does not permit the individaul flock to develop it’s maximum income potential. While poultrymen have recognized…
Failure of Passive Serum Transfer of Immunity Against Aerogenic Tuberculosis in Rabbits

SummaryPassive transfer of serum from highly immunized rabbits failed to protect the recipient rabbits against aerogenic challenge with Mycobacterium bovis.This work was supported by Research Grant AI 08872 from NIH under the US–Japan Cooperative Medical Science Program.
Educational Placement of Students With Autism The Impact of State of Residence

Typically, child characteristics such as IQ and severity of autism symptoms are thought to determine educational placement. The present study examines external factors, including state of residence...
Atypical Pneumonia in a Man with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Clinical Infectious Diseases 2002;35:334-5 ? 2002 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. 1058-4838/2002/3503-0019$15.00 most-common pathogen causing nontuberculous mycobacterial infection; the most common pathogen is Mycobacterium avium [2]. Patients with HIV who present with M. kansasii infection typically have CD4 cell counts of <200 cells/mm3; patients infected with M. avium have similar counts, but CD4 cell counts are much higher among patients infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Patients with M. kansasii infection usually have prolonged symptoms that last from 2 weeks to 8 months. Most commonly, symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and night sweats. Chest radiography shows diffuse reticulonodular interstitial infiltrates, lobar infiltrates, or thin-walled
On interpretation in group psychotherapy: the need for refinement.

This paper considers the planned furtherance of self-awareness and insight in group psychotherapy. Following a review of the relevant psychoanalytic and group psychotherapeutic literature, various ...
The promise of PRC history

Among the most promising developments in the study of contemporary China has been the booming migration of historians across the 1949 divide to pioneer the new and dynamic field of the history of t...
Penoscrotal Approach for Placement of Paired Penile Implants for Impotence

AbstractA new penoscrotal approach to implant paired penile prostheses was developed and applied satisfactorily to 24 of 26 impotent men.
Inherited Prothrombotic Risk Factors in Migraine, Stroke, or Transient Ischemic Attack

The prevalence and association of inherited prothrombotic risk factors in children with established diagnoses of stroke, transient ischemic attack, or migraine were studied at Zagreb University School of Medicine, Croatia.
Blaming the Brain for Obesity: Integration of Hedonic and Homeostatic Mechanisms

The brain plays a key role in the controls of energy intake and expenditure, and many genes associated with obesity are expressed in the central nervous system. Technological and conceptual advances in both basic and clinical neurosciences have expanded the traditional view of homeostatic regulation of body weight by mainly the hypothalamus to include hedonic controls of appetite by cortical and subcortical brain areas processing external sensory information, reward, cognition, and executive functions. Hedonic controls interact with homeostatic controls to regulate body weight in a flexible and adaptive manner that takes environmental conditions into account. This new conceptual framework has several important implications for the treatment of obesity. Because much of this interactive neural processing is outside awareness, cognitive restraint in a world of plenty is made difficult and prevention and treatment of obesity should be more rationally directed to the complex and often redundant mechanisms underlying this interaction.
Silicon photonic device applications using micro-opto-electro-mechanical index perturbation

Silicon photonics enables the development of optical components on a chip with the potential for large-scale optical integrated circuits that can be fabricated at the wafer-scale using foundries similar to those used in the electronics industry. Although silicon is a passive optical material with an indirect bandgap, reconfigurable devices have been demonstrated using thermo-optic effects (large phase shifts, but relatively slow with large power consumption) and carrier plasma dispersion effects (high-speed, but small phase shifts). We recently demonstrated a low-power approach for inducing large phase shifts (>2π) using a technique that we call micro-opto-electro-mechanical index perturbation (MOEM-IP). In this initial work we characterized silicon nitride waveguides in which the propagating optical mode’s evanescent field is vertically coupled to silicon nitride microbridges. This interaction leads to an effective index tuning that is a strong function of the waveguide-microbridge separation. We now extend our MOEM-IP approach to different configurations (i.e. in-plane coupling) and material systems (i.e. silicon-oninsulator). Mode perturbation simulations indicate that the MOEM-IP approach is widely applicable to many configurations and material systems enabling large effective index tuning (Δneffective>0.1) requiring microbridge displacements of only a few hundred nanometers. We also examine several device applications that take advantage of MOEM-IP. These include tunable optical filters using high-Q microring cavities and optical phased arrays that enable chip-scale beam steering in two-dimensions using low-power phase shifting enabled by MOEM-IP.
Genome-wide association study of iron traits and relation to diabetes in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL): potential genomic intersection of iron and glucose regulation?

Genetic variants contribute to normal variation of iron-related traits and may also cause clinical syndromes of iron deficiency or excess. Iron overload and deficiency can adversely affect human health. For example, elevated iron storage is associated with increased diabetes risk, although mechanisms are still being investigated. We conducted the first genome-wide association study of serum iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), transferrin saturation, and ferritin in a Hispanic/Latino cohort, the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (>12 000 participants) and also assessed the generalization of previously known loci to this population. We then evaluated whether iron-associated variants were associated with diabetes and glycemic traits. We found evidence for a novel association between TIBC and a variant near the gene for protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 3B (PPP1R3B; rs4841132, β = -0.116, P = 7.44 × 10-8). The effect strengthened when iron deficient individuals were excluded (β = -0.121, P = 4.78 × 10-9). Ten of sixteen variants previously associated with iron traits generalized to HCHS/SOL, including variants at the transferrin (TF), hemochromatosis (HFE), fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2)/myelin regulatory factor (MYRF), transmembrane protease, serine 6 (TMPRSS6), transferrin receptor (TFR2), N-acetyltransferase 2 (arylamine N-acetyltransferase) (NAT2), ABO blood group (ABO), and GRB2 associated binding protein 3 (GAB3) loci. In examining iron variant associations with glucose homeostasis, an iron-raising variant of TMPRSS6 was associated with lower HbA1c levels (P = 8.66 × 10-10). This association was attenuated upon adjustment for iron measures. In contrast, the iron-raising allele of PPP1R3B was associated with higher levels of fasting glucose (P = 7.70 × 10-7) and fasting insulin (P = 4.79 × 10-6), but these associations were not attenuated upon adjustment for TIBC-so iron is not likely a mediator. These results provide new genetic information on iron traits and their connection with glucose homeostasis.
Increase in the patient wait-time and delays in the clinic workflow post-implementation of the electronic health record.

194Background: Growth in patient (pt) volume and limited clinic capacity can lead to long wait-times and pt/provider dissatisfaction. We have previously shown that the room pooling model, can reduce pt wait-time in the exam room, improve room utilization, and pt/providers satisfaction (ASCO 2016, Abstract 6595). One of the important goals of adopting electronic health records (EHR) is also to increase the clinical efficiencies, productivity and quality of care. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of implementation of EHR on pt wait-time in the exam room and satisfaction in the Sarcoma Center. Methods: The time studies and pt and provider wait-time satisfaction surveys were carried out over 2 weeks prior to (baseline) and 6 months after the implementation of EHR. All times of when pts, mid-level providers, and doctors (MD) entered and exited the exam rooms were collected for a total sample size of 578 pts (300 before, 278 after) seen during the clinic hours and analyzed using JMP and SAS. ...