cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hypoxia Inhibits G1/S Transition through Regulation of p27 Expression

Mammalian cellular responses to hypoxia include adaptive metabolic changes and a G1 cell cycle arrest. Although transcriptional regulation of metabolic genes by the hypoxia-induced transcription factor (HIF-1) has been established, the mechanism for the hypoxia-induced G1 arrest is not known. By using genetically defined primary wild-type murine embryo fibroblasts and those nullizygous for regulators of the G1/S checkpoint, we observed that the retinoblastoma protein is essential for the G1/S hypoxia-induced checkpoint, whereas p53 and p21 are not required. In addition, we found that the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 is induced by hypoxia, thereby inhibiting CDK2 activity and forestalling S phase entry through retinoblastoma protein hypophosphorylation. Reduction or absence of p27 abrogated the hypoxia-induced G1 checkpoint, suggesting that it is a key regulator of G1/S transition in hypoxic cells. Intriguingly, hypoxic induction of p27 appears to be transcriptional and through an HIF-1-independent region of its proximal promoter. This demonstration of the molecular mechanism of hypoxia-induced G1/S regulation provides insight into a fundamental response of mammalian cells to low oxygen tension.
Chemical cleavage of 5'-linked protein from tobacco ringspot virus genomic RNAs and characterization of the protein-RNA linkage.

Abstract Each of the two genomic RNAs of tobacco ringspot nepovirus is known to have a 5′-linked protein, the VPg. We report a simplified analysis of the covalent VPg-RNA connection that allowed us to identify the 5′ nucleotide residue of each genomic RNA and its phosphodiester link to a specific serine residue of the VPg, without resorting to in vivo labeling with 32 P, in vitro radioiodination, or separation of the two genomic RNAs. Unfractionated genomic RNA was incubated with an oligodeoxyribonucleotide specific for the 5′ region of either RNA 1 or RNA 2 and ribonuclease H. Reaction products were 3′-end-labeled and were fractionated by gel electrophoresis. The most highly labeled product derived from each genomic RNA was identified as a VPg-oligoribonucleotide (VPg-5′-oligo) by its sensitivity to proteinase. In a presumed β-elimination reaction that apparently was more rapid than phosphodiester cleavage, incubation in alkaline sodium bicarbonate released a rapidly migrating product, 5′-oligo. Phosphatase-treated 5′-oligo accepted 5′-label in a polynucleotide kinase-catalyzed reaction, and uridylate was identified as the 5′ terminal residue for both RNA 1 and RNA 2. Results from Edman degradation of the VPg suggest that the VPg is linked at serine 5 to the 5′ uridylate of each genomic RNA.
A method for tissue culture of Hydra cells.

SummaryA method for tissue culture of Hydra cells is described. The removal of parasitic microsporadia from the Hydra cells and addition of Hydra bud extract to the culture medium are essential for a successful growth in vitro. Under the proposed procedures, the cultivated cells apparently have the features only of interstitial cells. Mitotic division in some of the cultured cells has been demonstrated.
On molecular origin of mass-independent fractionation of oxygen isotopes in the ozone forming recombination reaction

Theoretical treatment of ozone forming reaction is developed within the framework of mixed quantum/classical dynamics. Formation and stabilization steps of the energy transfer mechanism are both studied, which allows simultaneous capture of the delta zero-point energy effect and η-effect and identification of the molecular level origin of mass-independent isotope fractionation. The central role belongs to scattering resonances; dependence of their lifetimes on rotational excitation, asymmetry; and connection of their vibrational wave functions to two different reaction channels. Calculations, performed within the dimensionally reduced model of ozone, are in semiquantitative agreement with experiment.
Modelling Faculty Replacement Strategies Using a Time-Dependent Finite Markov-Chain Process.

Abstract A time‐dependent Markov‐chain process was used to model faculty replacement strategies within a college at a research university. This investigation suggests that a stochastic modelling approach can provide valuable insight when planning for personnel needs in the immediate Jive to ten year future.
High-resolution solid-state 13C14N and 13C15N heteronuclear correlation spectroscopy

Abstract Two-dimensional heteronuclear correlation spectroscopy is applied to coupled carbon and nitrogen nuclei in single crystals of amino acids and peptides. High resolution is available because the spectra have the carbon chemical shift along one frequency axis and the nitrogen chemical shift (and the second-order quadrupole shift in the case of 14 N) along the second frequency axis. These two-dimensional spectra enable direct measurements of resonance frequencies and dipole-dipole couplings that are useful in providing information about the structure, dynamics, and spectral characteristics of molecules.
Field-of-view characteristics of a liquid crystal variable retarder

We examine the effect of incident angle on the Liquid Crystal Variable Retarder (LCVR) and develop a Mueller matrix formulation for the LCVR that is a function of incident angle and applied voltage. By comparing the model with laboratory measurements for both linear and circular input polarization, we show that the mathematical model provides a credible representation of a real LCVR. The model can be used to determine the field angle effects of LCVRs in complex optical polarization systems.
John Wayne's America : the politics of celebrity

A biography which charts John Wayne's rise to stardom, from the cowboy serials that almost doomed his career, through his breakthrough with "Stagecoach" and "Red River", to the pinnacle of his popularity in the 1950s and 1960s. The book also investigates his embodiment of American myth.
Probabilistic durability analysis methods for metallic airframes

Abstract Probabilistic-based deterministic and stochastic crack growth approaches are compared and evaluated for durability analysis applications dealing with fatigue cracking in metallic fastener holes. Crack exceedance predictions for the deterministic crack growth approach correlated well with experimental results. Correlations for the stochastic crack growth approach were more conservative and less accurate than those for the deterministic crack growth approach.
Chronic recurrent right ventricular tachycardia in patients without ischemic heart disease: Clinical, hemodynamic, and angiographic findings

Surgical cure of right ventricular tachycardia (RVT) has been recently described in patients with "arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia," a disease characterized by abnormal electrical activation of the right ventricle and localized or generalized angiographic right ventricular (RV) wall motion abnormalities (WMA). In search of a selective RV cardiomyopathy complicated by chronic recurrent RVT, 38 consecutive patients (mean age 30.5 +/- 12 years) with RVT and no ischemic heart disease were studied clinically, noninvasively, and by cardiac catheterization including left and right ventriculography. RV volumes were as follow: end-systolic volume ranged from 23 to 103 (mean +/- SD, 45.8 +/- 20) cc/m2 and was abnormal in 14 patients (37%); end-diastolic volume ranged from 57 to 138 (90.5 +/- 26) cc/m2 and was abnormal in 15 patients (39%); ejection fraction (EF) ranged from 0.18 to 0.64 and was decreased in five patients (13%). Seventeen patients (45%) had abnormal RV volume, EF, and/or pressures (RVD), five (13%) of whom had abnormal LV volume, EF, and/or pressures (LVD), and 12 (32%) patients with RVD had no LVD. Twenty-one patients (55%) had no RVD, two of whom had LVD. Only two of the 17 patients had RV regional WMA, one with and one without LVD. Most patients with LVD five of seven (71%) also had RVD while 12 of 31 patients (39%) with no LVD had RVD. In conclusion, less than one half of patients with RVT had selective RV cardiomyopathy and more than one half of patients with RVT had normal RV hemodynamics and angiography.
Tracking down the human myelinating cell

A new strategy for isolating oligodendrocyte progenitor cells from the human brain may advance the goal of therapeutic remyelination.
Personal computing: An adventure of the mind.

“A National Educational TV Series at Pre-College Level for Personal Computing and Computer Literacy”, David C. Rine, Western Illinois University.Under grants from the IEEE Computer Society, The Johns Hopkins University, Radio Shack and other agencies, the International Instructional TV Cooperative, source of instructional TV materials to all educational TV networks nation-wide and internationally, has finished and is marketing the implementation of a six-course national educational TV series aimed at the pre-college level in the area of personal computing and computer literacy. The name of the project is “Personal Computing: An Adventure of the Mind”.The objectives of this new series are to illustrate the uses of personal computing, to demonstrate the interface of humans and machines, to identify the fundamentals of communication in personal computing, and to motivate students to be innovative in their own applications of personal computing. Since the personal computer is viewed by many as a mind multiplier, a further objective of this educational TV series is to greatly increase the number of minds that can be multiplied, by taking Personal Computing to millions of children in classrooms across the country.Education and informational programs are closely allied in that both attempt to communicate facts, concepts, and ideas. Both need to be designed with specific objectives in mind. Some of the objectives to be discussed are both attitudinal and informational in nature; that is, they deal with feelings as well as facts. The underlying thrust throughout is that . . . LEARNING CAN BE FUN!
A novel sialylhexasaccharide from human milk: purification by affinity chromatography on immobilized wheat germ agglutinin.

Abstract A sialylhexasaccharide fraction (S-5) of human milk was obtained as described by A. Kobata and V. Ginsburg [(1972) Arch. Biochem. Biophys.150, 273–281] and labeled by reduction with NaB[3H]4. When subjected to affinity chromatography on immobilized wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), a single component representing 60% of the S-5 fraction was retarded by the column. The asialo derivative of the WGA-retarded oligosaccharide had a higher affinity for the WGA column than the native sialyloligosaccharide. The neutral hexaose was identified as lacto-N-neohexaose by sequential exoglycosidase digestions in combination with gel filtration analyses of digestion products. Enzymatic removal of the nonsialylated branch of the intact sialyloligosaccharide by jack bean β-galactosidase and β-N-acetylhexosaminidase resulted in a single sialyl[3H]tetraose which was identified as sialyltetrasaccharide c (NeuAcα2–6Galβ1–4GlcNAcβ1–3Galβ1–4GlcO[3H]) by cochromatography with authentic standard and specific antibody binding. Independent evidence for the structure of the sialylhexasaccharide was obtained by 500-MHz 1H NMR spectroscopy of the WGA-purified oligosaccharide before and after neuraminidase digestion. The structural data are consistent with the following, previously undescribed, sialylhexaose in human milk:
Vortex interactions and decay in aircraft wakes

The dynamic interaction of aircraft wake vortices was investigated using both inviscid and viscous models. For the viscous model, a computer code was developed using a second-order closure model of turbulent transport. The phenomenon of vortex merging which results in the rapid aging of a vortex wake was examined in detail. It was shown that the redistribution of vorticity during merging results from both convective and diffusive mechanisms.
A BAYES SOLUTION FOR THE PROBLEM OF RANKING POISSON PARAMETERS.

It is desired to rank the parameters from a set of Poisson populations based on fixed, equal size samples from each population. A Bayes solution is derived for several types of loss functions and gamma priors, under the usual assumptions of symmetric and additive losses and symmetric priors.
Tetrentactinia barysphaera Foreman, 1963: skeletal structure and age of a biostratigraphically important Famennian (Upper Devonian) radiolarian from the Ohio Shale, USA

Tetrentactinia barysphaera Foreman, 1963 is a very characteristic Famennian (Upper Devonian) radiolarian species from the Huron Member of the Ohio Shale of North America. Its skeletal structure shows a massive, double-layered shell with main spines constructed from radial beams and concentric bars over a primary ray as the core. The species is common in limestone concretions at the type locality Milan, Ohio, associated with a diverse radiolarian fauna of predominantly spherical spumellarian forms, but has also been recorded from the Russian platform. It may be highly useful as an index species for the mid-Famennian time interval as it is one of the few spumellarians that is easily recognized and differentiated in the fauna.
THE SUGAR GLIDER (PETAURUS BREVICEPS): A LABORATORY HOST FOR THE NEMATODE PARASTRONGYLOIDES TRICHOSURI

Parastrongyloides trichosuri is a nematode parasite of the Australian brush-tailed possums that can be propagated through many generations in vitro. This makes P. trichosuri uniquely suited for genetic investigations, including those involving transgenesis. However, an obstacle to its use as an experimental model has been the fact that its host is limited to Australia and New Zealand and that it cannot be exported because of its status as a protected species or agricultural pest, respectively. In previous studies, conventional laboratory animals such as rats, mice, rabbits, ferrets, and chickens have failed to support infections. In the present study, gerbils and short-tailed opossums proved similarly refractory to infection. In contrast, the sugar glider (Petaurus breviceps, family Petauridae) proved to be a good host for P. trichosuri. Patent infections resulted using as few as 6 infective larvae (L3i) and as many as 2,000 L3i. Large numbers of L3i (1,000–2,000) produced patent infections of much shorte...
Pulmonary Embolism Associated With Acute Stroke

Objective To describe the circumstances surrounding pulmonary embolism associated with stroke, the prophylactic measures, and the outcome in affected patients. Material and Methods We studied pulmonary embolism in patients with acute stroke at Mayo Clinic Rochester during a 2-decade period. Medical records of 30 patients with pulmonary embolus after stroke were reviewed. Pulmonary embolus was diagnosed on the basis of pulmonary angiograms, high- or intermediate-probability ventilation-perfusion scans, or autopsy findings. Results Sudden death occurred in 15 of 30 patients (50%) with pulmonary embolism. In the other 15 patients, pleuritic pain or dyspnea was a major initial symptom. Pulmonary embolism occurred from day 3 to day 120 (median time, day 20) after the ictus. Prophylaxis against deep venous thrombosis was noted in only 4 of 30 patients. Pulmonary embolism was associated with deep venous thrombosis diagnosed clinically or at autopsy in 11 patients, invariably in the paralyzed leg. Conclusion Pulmonary embolism after ischemie or hemorrhagic stroke may defy antemortem diagnosis in half of the affected patients. Pulmonary embolism in patients with acute stroke can be a cause of early mortality (during the first month after the ictus).
Nanoscale displacement measurement of microdevices via interpolation-based edge tracking of optical images

We apply an interpolation-based edge-tracking algorithm to measure nanoscale displacements of microdevices, and further enhance its ability to reject noisy signals using averaging of multiple image frames. We present a simulation of a moving edge, and use this simulation to explore the performance of the algorithm as related to the image acquisition and process parameters. Then, we present the application of this technique to two experiments. First, we demonstrate optical measurement of the motion of a compliant mechanism, and smoothly detect lateral step motion change as small as 30.8 nm s−1. Second, we measure the anisotropic nanoscale expansion of a liquid crystal network micropillar, which occurs slowly over several minutes. This efficient algorithm can smoothly track motions as small as a few per cent of a pixel, which is equivalent to tens of nanometers using images from a video camera attached to a conventional optical microscope. Therefore, this technique can be widely applied to characterization of nanoscale motions using conventional optics, without requiring special features on the device to enable imaging.
The Within-Season and Between-Tree Distribution of Imidacloprid Trunk-Injected Into Acer platanoides (Sapindales: Sapindaceae)

Norway maple trees, Acer platanoides L. (Sapindales: Sapindaceae), that were trunk-injected with imidacloprid as part of an Asian longhorned beetle eradication program, were used to study the temporal and between-tree distribution of imidacloprid in twigs from June through September. The effect of injection time during spring on imidacloprid residues across the summer season and the distribution of imidacloprid in twig bark versus twig xylem were also investigated. Overall, we observed a significant decline in imidacloprid concentrations within each plant part sampled across the study period, although the 19 trees used in the study varied greatly in the pattern of imidacloprid residues over time. The concentration of imidacloprid in twig bark per dry mass was approximately two times higher than that of the twig xylem (means ± SD of 1.21 ± 2.16 ppm vs. 0.63 ± 1.08 ppm imidacloprid, respectively). The majority (>50%) of whole twig, twig bark and twig xylem samples from injected trees contained 5 ppm imidacloprid, with a maximum of 49 ppm. The concentrations of imidacloprid in whole twigs, twig bark, and twig xylem were highly correlated, and levels in leaves were correlated with imidacloprid levels in whole twigs.
Bin1 mediates apoptosis by c-Myc in transformed primary cells

ABSTRACT The Bin1 gene encodes a c-Myc-interacting adapter protein with tumorsuppressor and cell death properties. In this study, we offer evidence thatBin1 participates in a mechanism through which c-Myc activates pro-grammed cell death in transformed primary chick or rat cells. Antisenseor dominant inhibitory Bin1 genes did not affect the ability of c-Myc todrive proliferation or transformation, but they did reduce the suscepti-bility of cells to c-Myc-induced apoptosis. Protein-protein interaction wasimplicated, suggesting that Bin1 mediates a death or death sensitizationsignal from c-Myc. Our findings offer direct support for the “dual signal”model of Myc apoptotic function, based on interactions with a bindingprotein. Loss of Bin1 in human tumors may promote malignant progres-sion in part by helping to stanch the death penalty associated with c-Mycactivation. INTRODUCTIONOne of the central features of neoplastic pathophysiology is dys-functional apoptotic signaling. For example, to support oncogeneactivation, cells must evolve resistance to intrinsic apoptotic gover-nors that restrict inappropriate cell division. c-Myc is an importanthuman oncogene that has an intrinsic cell death penalty associatedwith its activation. However, malignant cells in which c-Myc isactivated elude this death penalty at some level. How c-Myc drivescell death in malignant cells and how such cells elude this process arequestions of significant interest. Recent work indicates that the p53pathway plays an important role in c-Myc-mediated apoptosis, par-ticularly in mesenchymal cells, but there is also sound evidence thatc-Myc can trigger apoptosis through p53-independent mechanisms,particularly in epithelial cells (1).The Bin1 gene encodes a c-Myc-interacting adapter protein that hasbeen implicated in tumor suppression and cell death processes inmalignant human cells (2, 3). Bin1 frequently is down-regulated orinactivated in breast and prostate cancers and in malignant melanoma,and its ectopic reexpression engages a programmed cell death process(2–6). We explored the role of Bin1 in apoptosis further using twoclassical primary cell systems for the analysis of c-Myc function,namely chick fibroblasts and BRK
FlashTier: a lightweight, consistent and durable storage cache

The availability of high-speed solid-state storage has introduced a new tier into the storage hierarchy. Low-latency and high-IOPS solid-state drives (SSDs) cache data in front of high-capacity disks. However, most existing SSDs are designed to be a drop-in disk replacement, and hence are mismatched for use as a cache.This paper describes FlashTier, a system architecture built upon solid-state cache (SSC), a flash device with an interface designed for caching. Management software at the operating system block layer directs caching. The FlashTier design addresses three limitations of using traditional SSDs for caching. First, FlashTier provides a unified logical address space to reduce the cost of cache block management within both the OS and the SSD. Second, FlashTier provides cache consistency guarantees allowing the cached data to be used following a crash. Finally, FlashTier leverages cache behavior to silently evict data blocks during garbage collection to improve performance of the SSC.We have implemented an SSC simulator and a cache manager in Linux. In trace-based experiments, we show that FlashTier reduces address translation space by 60% and silent eviction improves performance by up to 167%. Furthermore, FlashTier can recover from the crash of a 100GB cache in only 2.4 seconds.
Vietnamese children and language-based processing tasks.

Purpose: Vietnamese children’s performance on language-based processing tasks of fast-mapping (FM) word-learning and dynamic assessment (DA) word- and rule-learning tasks were investigated. Method:...
Emotion and motivated behavior: Postural adjustments to affective picture viewing

Thirty-six participants (18 female, 18 male) viewed affective pictures to investigate the coupling between emotional reactions and motivated behavior. Framed within the biphasic theory of emotion, the three systems approach was employed by collecting measures of subjective report, expressive physiology, and motivated behavior. Postural adjustments associated with viewing affective pictures were measured. Results indicated sex-differences for postural responses to unpleasant pictures; an effect not found for pleasant and neutral picture contents. Females exhibited increased postural movement in the posterior direction, and males exhibited increased movement in the anterior direction, for unpleasant pictures. Subjective report of valence and arousal using the self-assessment manikin (SAM), and the startle eye-blink reflex were collected during a separate session, which replicated previous picture-viewing research. Specifically, participants rated pleasant pictures higher in valence and exhibited smaller startle responses compared to unpleasant pictures. Females also reported lower valence ratings compared to males across all picture contents. These findings extend our knowledge of motivated engagement with affective stimuli and indicate that postural responses may provide insight into sex-related differences in withdrawal behavior.
The Current Role of Steroids in Acute Spinal Cord Injury

Background Acute spinal cord injury (ASCI) is a catastrophic event that can profoundly affect the trajectory of a patient's life. Debate continues over the pharmacologic management of ASCI, specifically, the widespread but controversial use of the steroid methylprednisolone (MP). Treatment efforts are impeded because of limitations in understanding of the pathobiology of ASCI and the difficulty in proving the efficacy of therapies. Methods This review presents the pathophysiology of ASCI and the laboratory and clinical findings on the use of MP. Results The use of MP remains a contentious issue in part because of the catastrophic nature of ASCI, the paucity of treatment options, and the legal ramifications. Although historical data on the use of MP in ASCI have been challenged, more recent studies have been used both to support and to oppose treatment of ASCI with steroids. Conclusions ASCI is a devastating event with a complex aftermath of secondary damaging processes that worsen the initial injury. Although the results of NASCIS (National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study) II and III trials led to the widespread adoption of a high-dose MP regimen for patients treated within 8 hours of injury, subsequent studies have called into question the validity of NASCIS conclusions. Further evidence of the ineffectiveness of the MP protocol has led to declining confidence in the treatment over the last decade. At the present time, high-dose MP cannot be recommended as a standard of care, but it remains an option until supplanted by future evidence-based therapies.
Host Factors, Behaviors, and Clinical Trials: Opportunities and Challenges

by the recent Institute of Medicine (IOM) Report 1 that called for greater operational efficiencies in the conduct of federally supported clinical trials, while also improving the integration of the newest scientific discoveries (eg, molecular diagnostic markers, imaging, biomarkers) into these same trials. Cancer clinical trials are extremely costly to design and conduct. Much of the expense is related to the recruitment, enrollment, delivery of treatment, and follow-up of trial participants, while the cost of therapeutic agents is often born by trial sponsors(usuallythepharmaceuticalindustry).AsnotedbytheIOM
Types of Confocal Instruments: Basic Principles and Advantages and Disadvantages

As noted in Sect. 1.2 of Chap. 1, several types of confocal microscopes have been introduced over the years. These can be broken down into three basic categories: Single-photon point-scanning confocal systems, multiphoton (nonlinear) point-scanning confocal systems, and spinning-disk confocal systems. New developments are continually being added to the hardware and software of these microscopes to improve their performance, but the majority of confocal systems will fall into one of these groups.
Dusty plasma cross-field instability excited by gravity

Abstract A cross-field instability is considered in a magnetized, dusty plasma acted upon by a gravity field, g , perpendicular to the magnetic field, B , permeating the plasma. Waves are produced traveling essentially with the dust grains zero-order motion. The condition for excitation of the instability is that the dust zero-order velocity perpendicular to both g and B exceed the dust-acoustic speed, C da . Numerical results are presented for an ionospheric type plasma and for a laboratory type plasma.
Fabrication of a Fabry-Pe/spl acute/rot cavity in a microfluidic channel using thermocompressive gold bonding of glass substrates

This paper presents a simple, low-cost, and reliable process for the fabrication of a microfluidic Fabry-Pe/spl acute/rot cavity in a Pyrex glass substrate. The microfluidic channels were etched in HF solution on a glass substrate using a Cr/Au/photoresist etching mask resulting in a channel bottom roughness of 1.309 nm. An effective thermocompressive gold-gold bonding technique was used to bond the photolithographically etched glass substrates inside a 350/spl deg/C oven in a 10/sup -3/ torr vacuum. Pressure was applied to the glass pieces by using two aluminum blocks with intermediate copper sheets. This method takes advantage of using Cr/Au layers both as a wet etching mask and as intermediate bonding layers, requiring only one lithography step for the entire process. The fabrication method is also compatible with the incorporation of dielectric mirror coatings in the channels to form a high-finesse Fabry-Pe/spl acute/rot cavity. A parallelism of 0.095 degrees was measured, and a finesse as high as 30 was obtained using an LED. The microfluidic cavity developed here can be used in electrophoresis and intracavity spectroscopy experiments.
Some aspects of the control of lipid biosynthesis.

It seems indisputable that the control and management of atherosclerosis, whether by diet or by chemotherapy will ultimately be founded on the scientific understanding of the metabolic aberrations that provoke the disease. Such a belief is perhaps difficult to sustain in view of the very slow and limited progress that has been made towards that goal over recent decades. Yet no alternatives or shortcuts present themselves. Our approaches cannot be guided by expediency. We cannot abandon the rigorous scientific principles which have been the basis of scholarship during modern times.
Quantitative Comparison of Infection of Neural Cell and Fibroblast Monolayers by Two Strains of Toxoplasma gondii

AbstractDisease caused by the coccidian Toxoplasma gondii can be confined to the central nervous system, although the parasite is capable of infecting all organ systems. To determine whether neural cells are differentially susceptible to infection and destruction by T. gondii, infection of neonatal mouse brain monolayers was compared to infection of human fibroblast monolayers under the same conditions with equal inocula of two parasite strains. In preliminary experiments there was no difference in total parasite yield or in plaques per monolayer between rodent and human cells. A standardized inoculum of T. gondii RH strain caused 35.6 ± 6.4 (SD) plaques per well in neural explant monolayers compared to 39.3 ± 12.5 plaques per well in fibroblasts. T. gondii P strain produced 35.6 ± 8.9 infected foci per well in neural cells compared to 32.6 ± 9.3 foci in fibroblasts. Intrinsic properties of neural cells do not appear to cause a higher rate of infection than that in nonneural cells.
A comparative study of high resolution microscopy imaging modalities using a three-dimensional resolution measure

From an acquired image, single molecule microscopy makes possible the determination of the distance separating two closely spaced biomolecules in three-dimensional (3D) space. Such distance information can be an important indicator of the nature of the biomolecular interaction. Distance determination, however, is especially difficult when, for example, the imaged point sources are very close to each other or are located near the focal plane of the imaging setup. In the context of such challenges, we compare the limits of the distance estimation accuracy for several high resolution 3D imaging modalities. The comparisons are made using a Cramer-Rao lower bound-based 3D resolution measure which predicts the best possible accuracy with which a given distance can be estimated. Modalities which separate the detection of individual point sources (e.g., using photoactivatable fluorophores) are shown to provide the best accuracy limits when the two point sources are very close to each other and/or are oriented near parallel to the optical axis. Meanwhile, modalities which implement the simultaneous imaging of the point sources from multiple focal planes perform best when given a near-focus point source pair. We also demonstrate that the maximum likelihood estimator is capable of attaining the limit of the accuracy predicted for each modality.
ADMISSIBLE AND NONADMISSIBLE TESTS IN UNIT-ROOT-LIKE SITUATIONS

This paper investigates the asymptotic behavior of tests in situations where the likelihood is locally asymptotically quadratic. Necessary and sufficient conditions are given for a test to be admissible. Even without these restrictive parametric assumptions, it is shown that certain common procedures—such as the augmented Dickey–Fuller test in cases where no deterministic trend is present or standard tests for restrictions on cointegrating relationships—are asymptotically inadmissible. These results confirm the existence of tests that dominate these classical tests for all parameters.I express my gratitude to the editors, H. Lutkepohl and especially Peter C.B. Phillips, for their help, which enormously exceeded the usual amount of support. Also I thank the referees for their helpful comments. Their contribution greatly improved the paper. All remaining errors are mine.
Subspaces, Linear Dependence, Dimension

Consider a homogeneous system of linear equations in x1,...,xn such as we have studied in Chapter 5.1. What “geometric object” in ℝn is described by this system?
Ensuring Remedies to Cure Cramming

The unauthorized addition of third party charges to telecommunications bills ("cramming") is a growing problem that has caught the attention of federal regulators and state attorney generals. This Article therefore discusses the problems associated with cramming, and highlights consumers’ uphill battles in seeking remedies with respect to cramming claims. Indeed, it is imperative for policymakers, researchers, consumer advocates, and industry groups to collaborate in developing means for resolving these claims. Accordingly, this Article offers a proposal for resolving cramming disputes in order to advance this collaboration, and inspire development of a functioning online dispute resolution ("ODR") process to handle these claims. This process is designed to provide consumers a quick and easy-to-understand option for reporting and resolving cramming cases.
Prediction-Interval Constrained Programming

It is important in a production process to select the levels of the process variables so that the quality variables are produced within specifications. Regression analysis can be used for modeling imperfectly understood process relationships, but this d..
Use of post-operative negative-pressure wound therapy for gouty ulcer

【Gouty ulcer can be caused by the accumulation of clumps of uric acid in body tissues that lead to acute or chronic inflammation at sites of accumulation. Furthermore, tophi-inhibiting granulation tissue may form a canal that channels microbial infection from the underlying involved joint space, and thus, presents the risk of osteomyelitis development. Accordingly, gouty ulcer must be treated appropriately. In this case, refractory wounds on gouty ulcers at the left shin and left radial ankle were treated by surgical debridement. Negative-pressure wound therapy was used successfully to prevent post-operative delayed wound healing.】
Addressing Student Debt in the Classroom.

ABSTRACTStudent debt is a national concern. The authors address debt in the classroom to enhance students' understanding of the consequences of debt and the need for caution when financing their education. However, student feedback indicates this understanding has a delayed effect on borrowing behavior and underscores the importance of making difficult behavioral changes sooner rather than later in order to lower student debt levels.
Superficial spreading malignant melanoma with neurosarcomatous metastasis.

Metastatic malignant melanoma often poses a difficult light and ultrastructural diagnostic challenge. A superficial spreading malignant melanoma without desmoplasia displayed neurosarcomatous light and electron microscopic features in metastatic sites. The ultrastructure displayed some Schwann cell features and strong-S-100 immunostaining. Metastatic melanoma with Schwannian differentiation in metastatic sites without lesional desmoplasia is rare and must be included in the differential diagnosis of spindled neoplasms involving lymph nodes. The evolution of this lesion illustrates the spectrum of melanocytic differentiation, i.e., pigment synthesis, adaptive fibroplasia and Schwannian differentiation.
Support for diversity in organizations A theoretical exploration of its origins and offshoots

Despite growth in the presence of workplace diversity and realization that diversity management is important, a great deal remains unknown about the causes and consequences of employees' level of s...
Single and Double Application of Fenvalerate and Dimethoate for Control of Douglas-fir Seed and Cone Insects

Douglas-fir cones were sprayed once (13 April) or twice (13 April and 16 May) with a 0.025% concentration of fenvalerate or a 0.23% concentration of dimethoate to reduce infestation of seed and cone insects. Single application of either chemical did not significantly reduce incidence of fused seed caused by a Douglas-fir cone gall midge, Contarinia oregonensis Foote. The double application of fenvalerate significantly reduced (64%) the infestation of a Douglas-fir seed chalcid, Megastigmus spermotrophus Wachtl. Two applications of dimethoate significantly reduced infestation levels of both the cone gall midge and the seed chalcid by 78 and 39%, respectively. The increase in percentage of extractable filled seeds associated with all spray treatments was higher than that of the unsprayed control, but the difference was not significant.
The Egg-Laying Rhythm of Turkeys in Cages

Abstract PREVIOUS studies on the daily pattern of lay of turkeys in floor pens indicate a large percentage of eggs are laid during the afternoon hours (Stockton and Asmundson, 1950; Kosin and Abplanalp, 1951). The latter authors found that the time interval between successive ovipositions decreased with increase in size of egg sequence. They further reported that time of day when egg sequences are initiated is a good indicator of the laying pattern of the hen, since long-sequence layers usually begin their egg sequences early in the morning hours of the day. The usual method of timing ovipositions, as reported in the literature, consists of checking the trapnests hourly during the light hours of the work day. No reference is made to ovipositions that may have occurred prior to or after the light period. Since continuous-recording timing devices are now available (Wilson, 1962), time of lay over the entire 24-hour period…
Analysis the outcome of the pregnant women with severe rheumatic mitral valve stenosis underwent percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy (PMBV) during second and third trimester

Objective:To explore whether PMBV is safe and provides good immediate results for the pregnant patients with severe rheumatic mitral stenosis during second and third trimester.Method:Eleven pregnant women with severe rheumatic mitral stenosis.Complained refractory heart failure.5 of them underwent PMBV and the others received the conservative medicine treatment.Result:The procedures were successful in 5 cases,with no maternal mortality and all patients subsequently had symptomatic improvement and uneventful cesarean section deliveries.The five babies born alive and had normal growth a follow-up.The patients who did not receive the procedure had to be abortion.1 case died of heart failure after three days abortion.Conclusion:PMBV is safe and provides good immediate results for the pregnant patients with severe rheumatic mitral stenosis during second and third trimester
Sinus and atrioventricular nodal function: Preoperative and early postoperative assessment in children

Ninety-three rapid atrial pacing studies were performed in 38 children to compare preoperative and early postoperative function of the sinus and atrioventricular (AV) nodes. The interval between the preoperative and postoperative studies was under 6 months in the majority of patients. Postoperative studies were performed within 48 hours of operation and between 4 and 8 days after operation. Sinus nodal function as measured by sinus nodal recovery time (SNRT) was an unreliable index in determining depression since the number who improved postoperatively (10/55) was nearly equal to the number that worsened (12/55). The majority who had abnormal function postoperatively demonstrated a junctional rather than sinus recovery focus. This finding appears a more definitive and more reproducible indicator of sinus node depression in the postoperative patient. Postoperative AV nodal function was decreased (as measured by the cycle length [CL] at which Wenckebach periodicity occurred) in 15 of 55 studies (27%) of the entire group. There was nearly an equal chance for improvement (24%) in function. This also applied to those patients who had sequential studies. Therefore, this method of assessment for AV nodal function was unreliable, or else the operation did not affect the node significantly. The latter is unlikely in view of late postoperative data. The greatest utility of this test was to determine the capability for AV conduction in certain patients with slow escape rhythms in the absence of surface P waves, and to differentiate complete heart block from AV dissociation when atrial activity was absent. Despite the variability of effects on the sinus and AV nodes in these patients, those who demonstrated depression had a significantly higher incidence of dysrhythmias (80% of patients with sinus nodal depression and 100% of patients with AV nodal depression).
Queer Hagiography: John Gray and André Raffalovich

Perhaps one of the most curious stories of the 1890s concerns the great friendship between John Gray and Marc-Andre Raffalovich. Extending over a period of more than forty years, this spiritual friendship endured the changes of the decades. When Raffalovich was buried, (the then-Canon) Gray was quoted as telling the sacristan: ‘“I’m the saddest man in Edinburgh. My friend has gone to heaven”’ (Sewell, Dorian Mode, 185). Gray died a few months later. The tale of these two men elucidates the nature of male friendships in the Roman Catholicism of the 1890s and beyond. Raffalovich was the great apologist and explicator of chaste friendship for homosexuals in his 1896 Uranisme et Unisexualite. One of the foremost scholars of Raffalovich and Gray, Fr Brocard Sewell, a Carmelite priest, also wrote extensively on Baron Corvo and the homosexual religious culture of the 1890s. Rather than dissociating these two elements of 1890s culture, Sewell acknowledged homoeroticism in the religious life.
The Terror: A Short Political Primer

C olumns for the great mayday parade began forming early in the morning in Moscow on May 1, 1937. Tens of thousands of people streamed through the streets, searching for the marching groups from their factories, schools, government institutions, and cultural organizations. Bakhmutskii, a zealous party organizer from Dinamo, Moscow's foremost electric machine plant, was in charge of his factory's contingent. His eyes intently scanned the swelling crowd as he checked to see who was present and, more important, who was still missing. During the anniversary Revolution Day parade the previous November, some party members had arrived later than the workers, and shamefully, many of Dinamo's employees had not shown up at all. This time, Bakhmutskii would note who had stayed home. Along the great snaking throng, workers from Serp i Molot, a steel plant, Trekhgornaia Manufaktura, a textile factory, Krasnyi Proletarii, a machine-building factory, and Likerno-Vodochnyi, a distillery, among hundreds of other enterprises, could be seen forming up in jostling rows behind fluttering red banners. The wording on the banners, emblazoned in gold and black, had been composed by party leaders and disseminated first to the Central Committees of the republics, then through regional, city, and district committees to the party committees in the factories and other workplaces. Handmade signs, proudly lettered with heartfelt slogans, were nowhere to be found in this year's parade. The “official” slogans, published in the newspapers for all to read, had an ominous tone that seemed at odds with the celebratory holiday tradition: “Strengthen Revolutionary Vigilance!” “End Political Carelessness in Our Midst!” “Unmask to the End Each and Every Double Dealer!” “Destroy the Enemies of the People, the Japanese-German-Trotskyist Wreckers and Spies!” “Death to Traitors to the Motherland!”
Analysis of Accelerated Life Test Data - Part II: Numerical Methods and Test Planning

This is Part II of a three-part series presenting statistical methods for planning and analyzing temperature-accelerated life tests with the Arrhenius model, when all test units are run to failure. These methods are presented so they can be profitably used by individuals with a limited statistical background. In Part I, the Arrhenius model is described and graphical methods for analysis of such data are given. In Part II, numerical methods for analysis of such data are given and optimum and standard test plans are presented and compared. In Part III, graphical and numerical methods for comparing different products as well as methods for assessing the validity of the data and the assumptions of the Arrhenius model are also given. These methods are illustrated throughout with accelerated life-test data on insulation. While the methods are presented for the Arrhenius model, they can be used for planning and analyzing many other accelerated life-test situations.
A Systematic Review of Completeness of Reporting in Randomized Controlled Trials in Dermatologic Surgery: Adherence to CONSORT 2010 Recommendations.

BACKGROUND Randomized controlled trials are the gold standard for comparing safety and effectiveness of surgical interventions. Reporting guidelines are available for conveying the results of such trials. OBJECTIVE To assess adherence to standard reporting guidelines among randomized controlled trials in dermatologic surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS Systematic review. Data source was randomized controlled trials in the journal Dermatologic Surgery, per PubMed search, 1995 to 2014. Studies were appraised for the number of the 37 CONSORT 2010 Checklist criteria reported in each. Analysis included comparison of reporting across 4 consecutive periods. RESULTS Three hundred sixty-three studies were eligible. The mean number of items reported per study increased monotonically from 14.5 in 1995 to 1999 to 16.2 in 2002 to 2004, 17.7 in 2005 to 2009, and 18.0 in 2010 to 2014 (p < .0001). A limitation was that study procedures may have been performed without being reported. CONCLUSION Completeness of reporting in randomized controlled trials in dermatologic surgery has improved significantly during the preceding 2 decades. Some elements are still reported at lower rates.
Expression of Coxsackie Adenovirus Receptor in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma: Potential for Skin Targeted Gene Therapy.

Abstract Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) represents a spectrum of diseases characterized by the accumulation of clonal lymphocytes in the skin. It has been well established that primary cutaneous lymphomas of T-cell lineage have shown ALK protein expression. Furthermore, we have previously shown that ALK-ALCL cell lines highly express the coxsackie-adenovirus receptor (CAR), primary receptor for recombinant wild type-fiber adenovirus-derived vectors for gene therapy. Since skin-directed therapies are the preferred first-line treatment the presence of CAR in CTCL may be helpful in developing therapeutic modalities such gene or targeted molecular therapy. By using ALK-immunostaining, we analyzed retrospectively a series of human tissue primarily diagnosed as CTCL [5 mycosis fungoides (MF), 4 (ALCL)] or peripheral T cell lymphoma (1 PTCL) in order to establish the level of CAR expression in primary CTCL tissue. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses were also performed on these cases using a locus specific DNA probe for the ALK/p2 locus. We used ALK identification because at the time when the primary diagnosis was placed, the samples were not tested for ALK expression. Patients ranged in age from 32–73 years old with a median age of 58. Normal skin biopsies from 8 patients were used as controls. The results of our analysis are illustrated in Table 1. TABLE 1 . DIAGNOSIS SPECIMEN CAR INTENSITY/% ALK INTENSITY/% FISH CD30 ALCL RT ANKLE MASS 0 / 0 N/A N/A POS ALCL RT FLANK MASS 1+/ 80 1+ / 80 32% B-ANEUPLOID ALCL SKIN, LOWER RIGHT EXTREMITY 0 / 0 2+/ 10 NL POS PTCL SKIN, RT ARM 3+ / 95 3 +/ 70 MF SKIN, RT AXILLA 1 + / 5 3+ / 5 ALK POS MF SKIN 1+ / 5 3+ / 5 NL 21% ANEUPLOID MF SKIN, ARM 0 / 0 3+ / 90 NL (18% ANEUPLOID) POS (RARE) MF SKIN, LEFT BACK 2+ / 40 3+ / 95 NL MF SKIN, RT FOREARM 2+ / 30 1 + / 30 In this study, we show that the immunostaining of CAR in combination with classic ALK-immuno or ALK-FISH is feasible and helps in identifying CTCL cases candidate for skin targeted adenoviral-mediated gene therapy.