cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ligand‐induced formation of the leukotriene B4 receptor‐G protein complex of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes

The components of the polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) receptor for leukotriene B4 (LTB4) were examined by Sephacryl S-300 exclusion chromatography of PMNL membrane proteins, which were solubilized before and after the binding of [3H] LTB4. When the PMNL membranes were solubilized in 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)-dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS) and filtered on Sephacryl S-300 prior to addition of [3H] LTB4, the binding activity was associated with a 65 kD protein. In contrast, the radioactivity of [3H] LTB4 bound to PMNL membranes prior to solubilization was recovered predominately with a 140 kD protein. When PMNL membranes had been pretreated with pertussis toxin, but not cholera toxin, before the addition of LTB4 and subsequent solubilization, radioactivity was recovered predominately with the 65 kD protein. The addition of guanylylimidodiphosphate (GMP-PNP), a nonhydrolyzable derivative of guanosine triphosphate (GTP), to PMNL membrane receptors bearing [3H] LTB4 either prior to or after CHAPS solubilization reduced the yield of the 140 kD presumed LTB4 receptor protein-G protein complex. That the maximum specific binding of [35S] guanosine-5′-0-3-thiotriphosphate (GTP-gammaS) to LTB4-binding proteins in the Sephacryl S-300 effluent corresponded to the 140 kD protein supported the presence of a G protein in the LTB4 receptor complex.
On the Challenges in Fostering Adoption via Empirical Studies

This paper outlines some of the issues in fostering adoption via empirical studies. There has been a welcomed shift in recent years towards the use of evidence-based techniques to support arguments of efficacy of proposed software engineering tools and techniques. When available, such objective indicators can provide a strong argument for (or against) the adoption of a particular approach. Unfortunately, gathering such evidence is not a trivial matter. Several of the key issues encountered in conducting a series of limited-scope qualitative experiments are used to illustrate the hurdles that must be overcome before empirical studies can enjoy more widespread use.
The natural history of HIV-positive women in Los Angeles

Abstract Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection continues to be a growing problem, especially among women of childbearing age. The increasing rate of HIV infection among women makes it likely that obstetricians-gynecologists will come into contact with seropositive patients. Therefore, as primary care providers for women, obstetricians-gynecologists need to learn about prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of HIV infection. A group of 377 HIV-seropositive women were prospectively followed for approximately 10 years (1987–1997) in a specialty gynecology clinic at Los angeles County Women's and Children's Hospital. At entry, the average age of the population was 32 ± 9 years. The mean CD4 cell count was 374 (23%, ≤200 cells/mm3; 47%, 201–500 cells/mm3; and 24%, > 500 cells/mm3). The main mode of transmission was heterosexual with no known high-risk partner (57%), and the majority of the population was Latina (60%). Eighty-six percent of the patient population had children. On the first visit, the contraceptive methods used included postpartum (24%), foam and condoms (30%), surgical sterilization (13%), depomedroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) (3%), oral contraceptives (1%), and no consistent method (11%). Among this population, 13% were not sexually active. Based on these data and our current knowledge of the effectiveness of prophylactic treatment of HIV, obstetricians-gynecologists should encourage screening for all women for HIV, offer barrier methods for prevention of disease to all women, and birth control methods to HIV-positive women. Because 24% of this study population was first diagnosed with HIV during their pregnancy, universal HIV screenign should be offered to all pregnant women. Early diagnosis not only decreases vertical transmission, it provides an opportunity to start treatment early among healthier and asymptomatic HIV-positive women.
3D copper TSV integration, testing and reliability

Node-agnostic Cu TSVs integrated with high-K/metal gate and embedded DRAM were used in functional 3D modules. Thermal cycling and stress results show no degradation of TSV or BEOL structures, and device and functional data indicate that there is no significant impact from TSV processing and/or proximity.
Meningiomas in children and adolescents.

Purpose To review the diagnosis, treatment, and long-term outcome of children and adolescents with meningiomas diagnosed by a single institution and compare these findings with other published data. Patients and methods A 25-year retrospective analysis of 18 patients with meningioma diagnosed at Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio was performed. A literature review of published reports was undertaken to compare evaluation. treatment, and outcome for similar patients. Results Patients ranged from ages 19 months to 17 years at diagnosis. The most common symptoms were headache (5) and seizures (5), although most patients had multiple symptoms. The brain was the primary location of tumor in 17 patients, with the remaining tumor located in the spine. Comorbid diagnoses were common, including developmental delay, balanced chromosomal translocation, type I diabetes mellitus, neurofibromatosis, Klinefelter syndrome, and seizures. Eleven patients had gross total resection performed. Four patients had malignant meningiomas. Two patients were treated with radiotherapy only, one had chemotherapy only, and two underwent both. Karyotype abnormalities most commonly involved chromosome 22, but other abnormalities were present. Sixteen patients remain alive and two patients, having had malignant tumors, are dead of disease. Long-term sequelae include seizures, diabetes insipidus, blindness, neuropsychologic abnormalities, and multiple surgical procedures. Only three patients are self-described as being without problems. Conclusions Based on this study and a literature review, the roles of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy remain unclear. Long-term outcome for patients with meningiomas, especially as it relates to cognitive function, is rarely reported. This group of patients has a high incidence of morbidity associated not only with treatment but also with preexisting diseases. These data indicate the need for a national cooperative group study to better understand the evaluation, treatment, and outcome for children and adolescents who are treated for meningiomas.
Treatment of Hazardous Landfill Leachates and Contaminated Groundwater

Abstract The objective of this study was to assess pilot- and field-scale application of separate or combined biological and physical/chemical treatment to high
Intelligent Dispositions: Dewey, Habits and Inquiry in Teacher Education

Despite much debate in the literature, accrediting agencies continue to require that teacher education programs demonstrate that candidates possess requisite sets of dispositions deemed necessary f...
Successful Repeat Microdissection Testicular Sperm Extraction in Men With Nonobstructive Azoospermia

Purpose: We studied factors that can predict successful repeat microdissection testicular sperm extraction in men with nonobstructive azoospermia.Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the records of 126 men with nonobstructive azoospermia who underwent 1 successful microdissection testicular sperm extraction attempt. Clinical factors identifiable at the second procedure, including age, testicular volume, endocrinological data and histology, were analyzed.Results: Overall testicular spermatozoa were successfully retrieved at 103 of 126 repeat attempts (82%). Men with a successful repeat attempt had lower follicle-stimulating hormone (mean ± SD 23.1 ± 12.4 vs 29.2 ± 12.8, p = 0.04) and larger testicular volume (mean 10 ± 5 vs 7 ± 4, p = 0.0001) at the repeat procedure compared to men with a failed repeat attempt. Adjusted associations from a multiple logistic regression model showed that no factors predicted sperm retrieval during repeat microdissection testicular sperm extraction. An ROC curve...
A practical method for the synthesis of indolylaryl- and bisindolylmaleimides.

Indolylaryl and indolylheteroarylmaleimides, including bisindolylmaleimides, are easily prepared by the reaction of N-methylindole-3-glyoxylamide with methyl aryl acetates in the presence of potassium tert-butoxide in THF.
Laboratory aggression related to aggression in naturalistic social situations: Effects of an aggressive model on the behavior of college student and prisoner observers*

Twenty male college students and 20 male prisoners of comparable age were first angered by a confederate of the E and then permitted to aggress against this individual by means of electric shock. Before agressing, half of the Ss in each of these two groups were exposed to the behavior of an aggressive model, while the remaining individuals attacked the anger instigator in the absence of such experience. Results indicated that the prisoners delivered significantly more intense shocks to the victim than did the students. In addition, exposure to the model was highly effective in raising the level of aggression on the part of Ss in both groups. These results were discussed in terms of the evidence they provide for the validity of laboratory techniques for the study of human aggression.
Modularity of hypertetrahedral representations

Abstract Let F be a number field, G F its absolute Galois group, and ρ : G F → GL 4 ( C ) an irreducible continuous Galois representation. Let G ¯ denote the projective image of ρ in PGL 4 ( C ) . We say that ρ is hypertetrahedral if G ¯ is an extension of A 4 by the Klein group V 4 . In this case, we show that ρ is modular, i.e., ρ corresponds to an automorphic representation π of GL 4 ( A F ) such that their L-functions are equal. This gives new examples of irreducible 4-dimensional monomial representations which are modular, but are not induced from normal extensions and are not essentially self-dual. To cite this article: K. Martin, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 339 (2004).
Effects of Blade Tenderization, Vacuum Massage Time and Salt Level on Chemical, Textural and Sensory Characteristics of Precooked Chuck Roasts

The influence of blade tenderization (T), vacuum massage time (2, 3 hr) and salt level (SL) (1.0, 1.25%) on the chemical, textural, and sensory characteristics of precooked chuck roasts prepared from Triceps brachii (TRI) and Supraspinatus (SUP) muscles was investigated. Cooking losses decreased and total yields increased with higher SL, while T increased product fat content. T decreased Warner-Bratzler shear values for the bind site (junction between the two muscles) and the edge of the roast. Instron values for hardness and chewiness of the muscle tissue were decreased by blade tenderization. Sensory panel evaluation showed that TRI had a more intense beef flavor and was more tender than SUP, while T improved first impression tenderness.
Thickness effects of water overlayer on its explosive evaporation at heated metal surfaces

Abstract Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been employed to investigate the effect of the thickness of a water overlayer on the character of its ejection from a heated Au surface. The simulations are performed for five systems differing in the thickness of the water overlayer which was adsorbed on a metal substrate heated to 1000 K. For each system, an explosive evaporation occurs in the part of the water film adjacent to the metal surface and the upper part of the film is pushed off by the generated force. The average maximum temperature of the water film decreases as the film thickness increases. In contrast, the temperature achieved by the fast cooling due to the explosive evaporation shows an inverse trend. The significance of these model calculations to matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry is discussed.
Waveguide biosensor with integrated photodetector array for tuberculosis serology

The first label-free LEAC biosensor immunoassay demonstration is reported. CMOS chips with integrated photoconductor arrays detected 150kDa tuberculosis related antibodies and 18kDa protein antigens. The limit of detection for thickness change was 120 pm.
Wear debris analysis in rotating Ag-Cu electrical contacts

Abstract A copper slip ring was rotated in contact with two current-carrying silver wire brushes in an ultrahigh vacuum system. The copper ring was initially sputter cleaned and the experiments were performed in humidified CO2 at atmospheric pressure. The wear particles produced at the two contacts were collected for subsequent investigations by scanning electron microscopy and electron probe microanalysis. Currents ranging from 0 to 40 A were used and the slip ring was rotated at 150 rev min−1. In one zerocurrent experiment a speed of 15 rev min−1 was used for comparison. The wear particles consisted of pure silver, pure copper and mixed particles with the relative amounts depending on the current through the contact. Some of the characteristic features of the most frequently occurring wear particles are explained and the mechanisms for the generation of the particles are discussed.
Disorder dechanneling of low-energy protons and alpha particles in silicon

Abstract Dechanneling of low-energy protons (< 160 keV) and α-particles (<320keV) from the (111) channel of Si, resulting from collisions with displaced Si atoms, was investigated by backscattered yield measurements. The total disorder produced by implantation of Si with 40-keV Sb+ was calculated from the backscattered yields on the basis of the single-scattering theory of dechanneling and agreed within experimental error with that determined by the channeling technique. Single scattering also correctly predicted the energy dependence of dechanneling after implantation of Si with 80-keV Cl+ and accounted for most of the dechanneling correction necessary for the calculation of the disorder profile, which was produced by 40-keV B+ in Si at -120°C. Thus, the present results suggest that single scattering gives a good description of the dechanneling of low-energy H1 + and He++ from the (111) si channel.
Norgold Russet and Norgold Russet strain M — additional evidence for genetic dissimilarity

Potato improvement through strain selection has been under-exploited and sometimes discredited by plant breeders, even though successes, such as Russet Burbank, have been recognized. For years, seedsmen have rogued out “off-types” in order to maintain varietal purity. It is suggested that these off-types can sometimes offer an opportunity for developing improved strains or, depending on definition, improved varieties similar to the original variety, but possessing one or more unique characters which render it more acceptable or better adapted than the original variety. In Texas, Norgold Russet strain M, a selection out of Norgold Russet, is such an example. In this investigation, 2 genotypes, Norgold Russet and Norgold Russet strain M, were analyzed based on yield and plant attributes from 2 Texas sites over an 11-year period. Significant genotype x site, genotype x year, and genotype x site x year interactions were found, supporting the hypothesis that these 2 potato genotypes are phenotypically and presumably genetically dissimilar. Canonical discriminant analysis, using yield and plant attributes, confirmed these findings and provides additional evidence that varietal strains might deserve designation as unique varieties.
β Globin messenger RNA content of bone marrow erythroblasts in heterozygous β‐thalassemia

RNA from bone marrow erythroblasts and peripheral blood reticulocytes of patients with heterozygous beta-thalassemia was analyzed for relative content of alpha and beta globin messenger RNA by molecular hybrization. Erythroblasts from nonthalassemic patients exhibited approximately the same alpha and beta globin mRNA content (beta/alpha mRNA ratio = 0.8-1.0) as circulating reticulocytes (beta/alpha mRNA ratio = 0.74-1.2). The mRNA ratios corresponded well to levels of globin synthesis observed in bone marrow and peripheral blood. Erythroblasts from four patients with heterozygous beta-thalassemia also exhibited approximately the same beta/alpha mRNA ratios in bone marrow erythroblasts (0.34-0.59) as in reticulocytes (0.34-0.4): beta globin mRNA was clearly deficient in bone marrow erythroblasts. Globin biosynthesis by erythroblasts of beta-thalassemia heterozygotes was balanced despite the mRNA deficiency (beta/alpha = 0.9-1.0), suggesting that post-translational phenoma (eg, proteolysis of free globin chains), rather than instability of beta mRNA, accounts for the balanced globin chain synthesis frequently observed in bone marrow erythroblasts of patients with beta-thalassemia trait.
The relationship between nurses’ religiosity and willingness to let patients control the conversation about end-of-life care

Abstract Objective The study attempts to examine the relationship between nurses’ religious beliefs and how nurses communicate with patients. Method An online census survey was administered to graduate students in the School of Nursing at a Midwestern university. The survey was designed to measure: relational control, as measured by the subscales of dominance and task orientation in Burgoon and Hale's scale of relational communication; clinician empathy, as measured by the Jefferson scale of clinician empathy; and intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity, whether religious views are held for deep personal reasons or social reasons, as measured by the Maltby and Lewis scale. Data were analyzed using multiple regressions and one-way ANOVAs. Results Intrinsic religiosity and empathy were both associated with the willingness to relinquish relational control in certain, specific contexts, such as end-of-life care. Conclusion Nurses who scored higher on a scale of intrinsic religious beliefs were more willing to let patients take control of conversations about end-of-life care. Practice implications A nurse's religious beliefs can enhance the clinical experience without the nurse trying to impose his or her beliefs on the patient, as the nurse works to make sure the patient's religious beliefs are upheld.
Review of the effects of hydroxyethyl starch on the blood coagulation system.

The literature related to the effects of hydroxyethyl starch on blood coagulation was reviewed to determine whether or not recipients are placed at risk of hemorrhage or thrombosis. Effects on coagulation observed when blood and HES were mixed in vitro were trivial and seemed related simply to dilution. HES affected coagulation in vivo in a dose- related fashion. When infused in moderate amounts (as employed in leukapheresis), HES rarely, if ever, caused overt bleeding, and only minor changes of laboratory coagulation tests were detected. Following massive infusions, however, a wide variety of laboratory abnormalities were observed, and hemorrhage was documented in some reports. It must be emphasized that information is limited. Not all investigators employed a complete battery of modern techniques; data regarding massive infusions are derived almost exclusively from animal studies; and data are insufficient to determine the effects of HES on thrombosis. Additional studies are required to completely define the relationship between HES and coagulation in man.
RGS4 inhibits angiotensin II signaling and macrophage localization during renal reperfusion injury independent of vasospasm

Vascular inflammation is a major contributor to the severity of acute kidney injury. In the context of vasospasm-independent reperfusion injury we studied the potential anti-inflammatory role of the Gα-related RGS protein, RGS4. Transgenic RGS4 mice were resistant to 25min injury, although post-ischemic renal arteriolar diameter was equal to the wild type early after injury. A 10min unilateral injury was performed to study reperfusion without vasospasm. Eighteen hours after injury, blood flow was decreased in the inner cortex of wild-type mice with preservation of tubular architecture. Angiotensin II levels in the kidneys of wild-type and transgenic mice were elevated in a sub-vasoconstrictive range 12 and 18h after injury. Angiotensin II stimulated pre-glomerular vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) to secrete the macrophage chemoattractant RANTES, a process decreased by angiotensin II R2 (AT2) inhibition. However, RANTES increased when RGS4 expression was suppressed implicating Gα protein activation in an AT2-RGS4-dependent pathway. RGS4 function, specific to VSMC, was tested in a conditional VSMC-specific RGS4 knockout showing high macrophage density by T2 MRI compared with transgenic and non-transgenic mice after the 10min injury. Arteriolar diameter of this knockout was unchanged at successive time points after injury. Thus, RGS4 expression, specific to renal VSMC, inhibits angiotensin II-mediated cytokine signaling and macrophage recruitment during reperfusion, distinct from vasomotor regulation.
Disruption of delayed matching to sample

Two pigeons were exposed to a 3-sec delayed matching-to-sample (DMTS) procedure. Following acquisition, reinforcement for sample responding was presented during the delay interval. After baseline recovery, a blackout procedure was instituted during the delay interval. Both procedures reduced the accuracy of responding on the DMTS task. Accuracy was below that seen in baseline sessions. In addition, reductions in sample-specific behaviors were obtained with both procedures. The data support and extend the notion that sample-specific behaviors mediate accurate DMTS performance.
The Nature and Effectiveness of Feedback Given by Cooperating Teachers to Student Teachers.

Abstract Effective feedback from cooperating teachers is a critical component of a successful student teaching experience. Unfortunately, few cooperating teachers are trained to provide specific feedback to their student teachers, and the lack of such communication is one of the most commonly reported problems among field experience students. Using weekly time logs, biweekly questionnaires, and midpoint and final conference interviews, the researcher identified current feedback practices of a group of cooperating teachers selected specifically for that purpose, and examined the congruence between the feedback reported by these teachers and their respective student teachers. This article synthesizes related research literature, reports and interprets the findings of the current study, and suggests recommendations to enhance cooperating teacher feedback practices.
Close encounters of the third-body kind

We simulated encounters involving binaries of two eccentricities: e = 0 (i.e., circular binaries) and e = 0.5. In both cases the binary contained a point mass of 1.4 solar masses (i.e., a neutron star) and a 0.8 solar masses main-sequence star modeled as a polytrope. The semimajor axes of both binaries were set to 60 solar radii (0.28 AU). We considered intruders of three masses: 1.4 solar masses (a neutron star), 0.8 solar masses (a main-sequence star or a higher mass white dwarf), and 0.64 solar masses (a more typical mass white dwarf). Our strategy was to perform a large number (40,000) of encounters using a three-body code, then to rerun a small number of cases with a three-dimensional smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) code to determine the importance of hydrodynamical effects. Using the results of the three-body runs, we computed the exchange across sections, sigma(sub ex). From the results of the SPH runs, we computed the cross sections for clean exchange, denoted by sigma(sub cx); the formation of a triple system, denoted by sigma(sub trp); and the formation of a merged binary with an object formed from the merger of two of the stars left in orbit around the third star, denoted by sigma(sub mb). For encounters between either binary and a 1.4 solar masses neutron star, sigma(sub cx) approx. 0.7 sigma(sub ex) and sigma(sub mb) + sigma(sub trp) approx. 0.3 sigma(sub ex). For encounters between either binary and the 0.8 solar masses main-sequence star, sigma(sub cx) approx. 0.50 sigma(sub ex) and sigma(sub mb) + sigma(sub trp) approx. 1.0 sigma(sub ex). If the main sequence star is replaced by a main-sequence star of the same mass, we have sigma(sub cx) approx. 0.5 sigma(sub ex) and sigma(sub mb) + sigma(sub trp) approx. 1.6 sigma(sub ex). Although the exchange cross section is a sensitive function of intruder mass, we see that the cross section to produce merged binaries is roughly independent of intruder mass. The merged binaries produced have semi-major axes much larger than either those of the original binaries or those of binaries produced in clean exchanges. Coupled with their lower kick velocities, received from the encounters, their larger size will enhance their cross section, shortening the waiting time to a subsequent encounter with another single star.
Photoabsorption by volume plasmons in metal nanoclusters.

It is well known that plasmons in bulk metals cannot be excited by direct photoabsorption, that is, by coupling of volume plasmons to light. Here we demonstrate that the situation in nanoclusters of the same metals is entirely different. We have carried out a photodepletion measurement for ${\mathrm{Na}}_{20}$ and ${\mathrm{Na}}_{92}$ and identified a broad volume plasmon absorption peak centered slightly above 4 eV, revealing the possibility of optical excitation of volume-type collective electronic modes in a metallic system. The observed phenomenon is related to different selection rules for finite systems.
Tried and true: a survey of successfully promoted academic hospitalists.

BACKGROUND: Academic hospital medicine is a new and rapidly growing field. Hospitalist faculty members often fill roles not typically held by other academic faculty, maintain heavy clinical workloads, and participate in nontraditional activities. Because of these differences, there is concern about how academic hospitalists may fare in the promotions process. OBJECTIVE: To determine factors critical to the promotion of successfully promoted hospitalists who have achieved the rank of either associate professor or professor. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-three hospitalist faculty members at 22 academic medical centers promoted to associate professor rank or higher between 1995 and 2008. MEASUREMENTS: Respondents were asked to describe their institution, its promotions process, and the activities contributing to their promotion. We identified trends across respondents. RESULTS: Twenty-six hospitalists responded, representing 20 institutions (79% response rate). Most achieved promotion in a nontenure track (70%); an equal number identified themselves as clinician-administrators and clinician educators (40%). While hospitalists were engaged in a wide range of activities in the traditional domains of service, education, and research, respondents considered peer-reviewed publication to be the most important activity in achieving promotion. Qualitative responses demonstrated little evidence that being a hospitalist was viewed as a hindrance to promotion. CONCLUSIONS: Successful promotion in academic hospital medicine depends on accomplishment in traditional academic domains, raising potential concerns for academic hospitalists with less traditional roles. This study may provide guidance for early-career academic hospitalists and program leaders. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2011. © 2011 Society of Hospital Medicine
The glycosylation state of Kv1.2 potassium channels affects trafficking, gating, and simulated action potentials.

Abstract We presented evidence previously that decreasing the glycosylation state of the Kv1.1 potassium channel modified its gating by a combined surface potential and a cooperative subunit interaction mechanism and these effects modified simulated action potentials. Here we continued to test the hypothesis that glycosylation affects channel function in a predictable fashion by increasing and decreasing the glycosylation state of Kv1.2 channels. Compared with Kv1.2, increasing the glycosylation state shifted the V1/2negatively with a steeper G–V slope, increased activation kinetics with little change in deactivation kinetics or in their voltage-dependence, and decreased the apparent level of C-type inactivation. Decreasing the glycosylation state had essentially the opposite effects and shifted the V1/2positively with a shallower G–V slope, decreased activation kinetics (and voltage-dependence), decreased deactivation kinetics, and increased the apparent level of C-type inactivation. Single channel conductance was not affected by the different glycosylation states of Kv1.2 tested here. Hyperpolarized or depolarized shifts in V1/2 from wild type were apparently due to an increased or decreased level of channel sialylation, respectively. Data and modeling suggested that the changes in activation properties were mostly predictable within and between channels and were consistent with a surface potential mechanism, but those on deactivation properties were not predictable and were more consistent with a conformational mechanism. Moreover the effect on the deactivation process appeared to be channel-type dependent as well as glycosylation-site dependent. The glycosylation state of Kv1.2 also affected action potentials in simulations. In addition, preventing N-glycosylation decreased cell surface Kv1.2 expression levels by ∼ 40% primarily by increasing partial endoplasmic reticulum retention and this effect was completely rescued by Kv1.4 subunits, which are glycosylated, but not by cytoplasmic Kvβ2.1 subunits. The nonglycosylated Kv1.2 protein had a similar protein half-life as the glycosylated protein and appeared to be folded properly. Thus altering the native Kv1.2 glycosylation state affected its trafficking, gating, and simulated action potentials. Differential glycosylation of ion channels could be used by excitable cells to modify cell signaling.
Foreign body simulating a hard palate lesion in a child

Foreign bodies embedded in the palate are unusual findings and can occasionally mimic other types of oral cavity pathology. We present a case report of a foreign body in the palate of a infant girl which mimicked an odontogenic cyst. A review of the literature and a brief discussion of the differential diagnoses are included.
Sub-diffraction imaging with compensating bilayers

We derive a general expression for the material properties of a compensating bilayer, which is a pair of material layers which transfer the field distribution from one side of the bilayer to the other with resolution limited only by the deviation of the material properties from specified values. One of the layers can be free space, a special case of which is the perfect lens, but the layers need not have equal thickness. Compensating a thick layer of free space with a thin layer creates a focusing device with increased working distance, and employs an anisotropic material. It is also possible to achieve compensation of materials with property tensors that are neither positive nor negative definite. In this case, we refer to such media as indefinite, and we analyse, in detail, bilayers of these media which support coupling of internal propagating waves to incident waves of any transverse wave vector. In this case, we find that the enhanced spatial resolution provided by large transverse wave vectors is far less sensitive to loss than that of the perfect lens.
The relation between dilatometric and dielectric glass‐transition temperatures

A simple method has been developed for extracting the “static” glass-transition temperature of a polymer from dielectric relaxation data. Only the temperature of the loss maximum and the activation energy at 1 kHz are required for the procedure.
Binary Solvent Extractions of Upper Freeport Coal

Different organic bases, primarily with carbon disulfide as co-solvent, were used to probe the nature of the binary solvent extractions of Upper Freeport coal. The effect of tetracyanoethylene addition on extract yields was also examined. Amides and cyclic ureas where found to all be good extractants, but were not as efficient as N-methylpyrrolidone(I), with one exception. CS2/N-methylpyridone was found to be a better solvent than CS2/(I). The results suggest that solvents which have similar basicities, but have a more flattened shape, such as aromatic rings compared to saturated rings, are better extraction agents.
Wanted: an inverse matrix

Elements of the information matrix for the variance components of a linear model involve, under normality, the inverse of the variance-covariance matrix of the vector of observations. Attempts at finding this inverse for the 2-way crossed classification random model, unbalanced data, are described.
Executive control and task-switching in monkeys.

Executive control involves concentrating on one task without losing the ability to switch to a second task at will. We studied this ability in monkeys (Macaca mulatta) performing arbitrary stimulus–response mappings in a task-switching paradigm. We found relatively low switch costs but high task interference costs. This is the reverse of the typical human pattern of relatively large switch costs and small interference costs. This difference in the behavior of the two species may reflect anatomical differences in the sizes of the prefrontal and parietal cortices. These results indicate that monkeys are an excellent model for some but not all aspects of human task-switching.
Modeling Heterogeneity in Nest Survival Data

Summary. Current statistical methods for estimating nest survival rates assume that nests are identical in their propensity to succeed. However, there are several biological reasons to question this assumption. For example, experience of the nest builder, number of nest helpers, genetic fitness of individuals, and site effects may contribute to an inherent disparity between nests with respect to their daily mortality rates. Ignoring such heterogeneity can lead to incorrect survival estimates. Our results show that constant survival models can seriously underestimate overall survival in the presence of heterogeneity. This paper presents a flexible random-effects approach to model heterogeneous nest survival data. We illustrate our methods through data on redwing blackbirds.
Molecular structures and vibrations of neutral and anionic CuO x (x=1 3,6) clusters

We report equilibrium geometric structures of ${\mathrm{CuO}}_{2},$ ${\mathrm{CuO}}_{3},$ ${\mathrm{CuO}}_{6},$ and ${\mathrm{CuO}}_{6}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ clusters obtained by an all-electron linear combination of atomic orbitals scheme within the density-functional theory with generalized gradient approximation to describe the exchange-correlation effects. The vibrational stability of all clusters is examined on the basis of the vibrational frequencies. A structure with ${C}_{s}$ symmetry is found to be the lowest-energy structure for ${\mathrm{CuO}}_{2},$ while a Y-shaped structure with ${C}_{2v}$ symmetry is the most stable structure for ${\mathrm{CuO}}_{3}.$ For the larger ${\mathrm{CuO}}_{6}$ and ${\mathrm{CuO}}_{6}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ clusters, several competitive structures exist with structures containing ozonide units being higher in energy than those with ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ units. The infrared and Raman spectra are calculated for the stable optimal geometries.
Polarization measurement for polarized gas targets

Abstract Recently proposed experiments with polarized gas targets in storage rings require methods to measure the target polarization to an accuracy of a few percent or better. The task is made more difficult because the target atoms are injected into a long, narrow target cell to increase the target thickness available from atomic beam sources or optically pumped sources. Here we propose to extract ions formed in the cell by the charged particle beam, and to measure their polarization by nuclear or atomic methods. The advantage of this method is that the average target polarization is determined independent of possible spatial variations of target polarization. The proposed method was applied to a deuterium gas target, whose tensor polarization was measured by means of the 3H(d, n)4He reaction. We show that uniform ion extraction can be achieved for a cell with a length-to-diameter ratio of 30. We find that the deuterons in molecules formed by recombination of polarized deuterium atoms are almost completely depolarized. Thus target polarization measurements must include measurements on molecules as well as atoms. We discuss nuclear reactions suitable to measure the polarization of H and D targets, as well as atomic methods to measure the polarization of the extracted ions.
Studies of geneticunits controlling arginine biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis

Abstract Genetic analysis has been carried out on a number of arginine mutants of Bacillus subtilis 168 which could be grouped into three separate classes by nutritional data. Reciprocal transformation experiments revealed linkage among mutants classified within a particular nutritional group. The genetic units responsible for the synthesis of three distinct biochemical reactions involved in arginine formation were found not to be linked. Physical-chemical studies indicated that one of the genetic markers studied could be distinguished from the other two by its resistance to heat denaturtion at 94°. The parallel thermal inactivation at 93.8° of an arginine locus loosely linked to an erythromycin resistance marker, and the absence of linkage of two other arginine loci to the same erythromycin marker, suggests the existence of separate transforming DNA molecules responsible for separate biochemical steps in arginine biosyntheis in B. subtilis . Studies of ornithine transcarbamylase revealed that the enzyme is repressed by exogenous concentrations of arginine in excess of 20 μg/ml in this organism. The levels of the enzyme as well as the degree of repressibility were found to vary in some of the mutants examined. Transformation experiments to arginine independence with an ornithine transcarbamylase-deficient strain as recipient and DNA extracted from donor cells producing varying levels of ornithine transcarbamylase, and differing in degree of repressiblity, resulted only in the transfer of the structural gene.
Progranulin: A Proteolytically Processed Protein at the Crossroads of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration

GRN mutations cause frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43-positive inclusions. The mechanism of pathogenesis is haploinsufficiency. Recently, homozygous GRN mutations were detected in two patients with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, a lysosomal storage disease. It is unknown whether the pathogenesis of these two conditions is related. Progranulin is cleaved into smaller peptides called granulins. Progranulin and granulins are attributed with roles in cancer, inflammation, and neuronal physiology. Cell surface receptors for progranulin, but not granulin peptides, have been reported. Revealing the cell surface receptors and the intracellular functions of granulins and progranulin is crucial for understanding their contributions to neurodegeneration.
Techniques for measuring eggshell strength

Abstract The investigation and development of experimental techniques used to study eggshell strength are reported herein. Numerous specimens are taken from a single egg and subjected to a four-point load flexure test. Specimen geometry, validity of elementary beam theory and influence of pads at load points are studied. Advantages over previously used techniques were found.
The AAA+ protein torsinA interacts with a conserved domain present in LAP1 and a novel ER protein

A glutamic acid deletion (ΔE) in the AAA+ protein torsinA causes DYT1 dystonia. Although the majority of torsinA resides within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), torsinA binds a substrate in the lumen of the nuclear envelope (NE), and the ΔE mutation enhances this interaction. Using a novel cell-based screen, we identify lamina-associated polypeptide 1 (LAP1) as a torsinA-interacting protein. LAP1 may be a torsinA substrate, as expression of the isolated lumenal domain of LAP1 inhibits the NE localization of “substrate trap” EQ-torsinA and EQ-torsinA coimmunoprecipitates with LAP1 to a greater extent than wild-type torsinA. Furthermore, we identify a novel transmembrane protein, lumenal domain like LAP1 (LULL1), which also appears to interact with torsinA. Interestingly, LULL1 resides in the main ER. Consequently, torsinA interacts directly or indirectly with a novel class of transmembrane proteins that are localized in different subdomains of the ER system, either or both of which may play a role in the pathogenesis of DYT1 dystonia.
Using electronic medical records to predict mortality in primary care patients with heart disease: prognostic power and pathophysiologic implications.

OBJECTIVE: To identify high-risk patients with heart disease by using data stored in an electronic medical record system to predict six-year mortality.
Sigma hulls for Gaussian belief space planning for imprecise articulated robots amid obstacles

In many home and service applications, an emerging class of articulated robots such as the Raven and Baxter trade off precision in actuation and sensing to reduce costs and to reduce the potential for injury to humans in their workspaces. For planning and control of such robots, planning in belief ssigma hullpace, i.e., modeling such problems as POMDPs, has shown great promise but existing belief space planning methods have primarily been applied to cases where robots can be approximated as points or spheres. In this paper, we extend the belief space framework to treat articulated robots where the linkage can be decomposed into convex components. To allow planning and collision avoidance in Gaussian belief spaces, we introduce the concept of sigma hulls: convex hulls of robot links transformed according to the sigma standard deviation boundary points generated by the Unscented Kalman filter (UKF). We characterize the signed distances between sigma hulls and obstacles in the workspace to formulate efficient collision avoidance constraints compatible with the Gilbert-Johnson-Keerthi (GKJ) and Expanding Polytope Algorithms (EPA) within an optimization-based planning framework. We report results in simulation for planning motions for a 4-DOF planar robot and a 7-DOF articulated robot with imprecise actuation and inaccurate sensors. These experiments suggest that the sigma hull framework can significantly reduce the probability of collision and is computationally efficient enough to permit iterative re-planning for model predictive control.
Evaluation of hand frostbite blister fluid as a clue to pathogenesis

Observations on early pathophysiology of burning suggests that the release of prostaglandins and thromboxanes plays a role in dermal ischemia. Because of the similarities of the early-phase frostbite wound, blister fluids were aspirated from 10 patients with frostbite, and routine biochemical analysis, immunoelectrophoresis, immunodiffusion, and evaluation of prostaglandins E 2 , F 2α , and thromboxane B 2 were performed. Potassium, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) levels exceeded normal serum values. All blisters were found to have IgM, IgG, IgA, C 3 a, and opsonin. PgE 2 was present in levels less than normal, but PgF 2α and TxB 2 were markedly elevated. Since the vasoconstricting metabolites of arachidonic acid, PgF 2α and TxB 2 , are known to mediate dermal ischemia in burns and pedicle flaps, it is suggested they may play a role in the pathogenesis of frostbite.
3-year comparison of drug-eluting versus bare-metal stents.

Objectives The aim of this study was to compare 3-year cumulative outcomes to landmark second- and third-year outcomes with the routine use of drug-eluting stents (DES) (>75% “off-label”) with a comparable group treated with bare-metal stents (BMS). Background Long-term safety concerns after “off-label” DES use persist, despite recent 2-year data showing comparable safety to BMS use. Methods Clinical outcomes (nonfatal myocardial infarction, all-cause mortality) were assessed in 1,147 consecutive patients who received a BMS in the year before the introduction of DES at Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center and 1,246 consecutive patients that received a DES after it became our routine choice with equivalent complete 3-year follow-up. Results Stents were used for “off-label” indications in 80% of DES patients. At 3 years, the hazard ratio for DES compared with BMS for cumulative target vessel revascularization was 0.65 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.51 to 0.82), nonfatal myocardial infarction or death was 0.85 (95% CI: 0.71 to 1.03), and all-cause mortality 0.80 (95% CI: 0.64 to 1.01). The DES clinical benefits occurred entirely within the first year, with similar rates of these clinical end points in the second and third year. The cumulative hazard ratio of stent thrombosis DES compared with BMS was 1.07 (95% CI: 0.57 to 2.01), with similar rates of stent thrombosis in the third year (p = 0.70). Conclusions The routine clinical use of DES for “off-label” indications was associated with lower clinical end points at 3 years than treatment with BMS in a comparable group of patients, with similar cumulative rates of stent thrombosis. There was no evidence of late “catch-up” of adverse DES events.
Innovation in Safety, and Safety in Innovation

Modern surgery’s heritage has been based on the introduction of innovative approaches to the way surgery was practiced, all in an attempt to improve patient outcomes. Innovations ranged widely from purely technical advances to simple changes in practice norms that resulted in safer surgery. These innovations in surgical safety had a profound impact on patient mortality and would transform the manner in which surgery, and medicine, would hence be approached. In 1867, for example, Joseph Lister introduced the use of a preoperative antibacterial preparation, at a time when surgical site and deep soft-tissue infections were common and often the cause of postoperative patient morbidity and mortality. 1 In the United States, William Stewart Halsted insisted on universal operative hand scrubbing as a patient safety maneuver to decrease postoperative infections. 2 These innovations were simple and are common sense by today’s standards, yet they effectively transformed the practice of surgery; they made it safer and allowed for the complexity of procedures to increase. The public’s perception of the surgeon changed as well, evolving from the experimental anatomist and radical thinker exemplified by John Hunter in the 18th century to the effective healer and possessor of special skill of modern times. 3