cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Reading Strategies Used by Male and Female Colombian University Students

The present paper aimed to discover whether females and males significantly varied in their utilization of reading strategies. The participants were 352 (male=117 female=235) low to intermediate Colombian university students who completed the Survey of Reading Strategies or SORS (Mokhtari & Sheorey, 2002). The results showed that males’ overall strategy use was moderate, as was their use of nearly half of their individual strategies. Females’ overall strategy use was high, as was their use of half of their strategies. Females’ overall strategy use was significantly higher than males’, as was their strategy use on two of the three SORS subscales and on eight strategies. The study provides ideas for teaching strategies and suggests areas for future research. Key words: Reading, gender, reading strategies, reading surveys El objetivo de este trabajo fue descubrir si habia diferencias significantes entre el uso de estrategias de lectura entre mujeres y hombres. Los participantes fueron 352 estudiantes (117 hombres y 235 mujeres) de nivel bajo a intermedio, quienes completaron la encuesta de estrategias de lectura (Mokhtari & Sheorey, 2002). Los resultados mostraron que el uso de las estrategias en los hombres fue moderado como tambien lo fue su uso de casi la mitad de las estrategias individuales. El uso de las estrategias de las mujeres fue significativamente alta en comparacion con los hombres, al igual que lo fue el uso de sus estrategias individuales. Las mujeres usaron dos de las tres estrategias de subescala de la encuesta y ocho estrategias. El estudio proporciona ideas para la ensenanza de estrategias y sugiere areas para investigaciones futuras. Palabras clave: Lectura, genero, estrategias de lectura, encuestas de lectura
90.6% efficient 11MHz 22W LED driver using GaN FETs and burst-mode controller with 0.96 power factor

With the advent of reliable, high brightness and high efficacy LEDs, the lighting industry is expected to see a significant growth in the near future. However, for LEDs to completely replace the traditional incandescent and CFL bulbs, the power converters within the LED drivers need to be miniaturized. Superior figure of merit (Rds,ONxQg) of Gallium Nitride (GaN) FETs over Silicon FETs [1] can enable both high efficiency and high frequency operation, thereby making power converters smaller, more efficient and reliable. By using integrated controllers and drivers, the number of components on the driver PCB can be reduced, further miniaturizing the driver. This work focuses on demonstrating a small form factor, high efficiency offline LED driver using GaN FETs with an integrated gate driver and controller circuit implemented on a 0.35μm CMOS process with 3.3V/15V voltage handling capability.
Distribution of Hybrid Imported Fire Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and Some Native Ant Species in Relation to Local Environmental Conditions and Interspecific Competition in Mississippi Forests

Studies of interactions between imported fire ants and other ant species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) have generally addressed populations in open areas where imported fire ant densities are highest. Forest habitats harbor a different assemblage of ant species and interactions between ant species in forests are occurring under different environmental conditions. We have asked three questions about the distribution of hybrid imported fire ants and native ant species in a Mississippi forest: 1) Is their distribution influenced primarily by interspecific competition or by local conditions? 2) Are the communities at locations with and without hybrid imported fire ants different? and 3) Which native ant species are using the same resources as hybrid imported fire ants? To answer these questions, ant species were collected at baits, along with the metrics for a set of local conditions, over a representative sample of forest habitats. Data were analyzed using permutation tests comparing the observed characteristics of the ant community to those expected by random processes. The community of ant species collected at baits was not structured competitively and their distribution was strongly associated with the distribution of local conditions. The assemblage of ant species was different at locations with hybrid imported fire ants from the assemblage at locations without them, but the two groups of locations were equal in richness when samples were standardized by rarefaction. Of the 28 species collected, 14 occurred with hybrid imported fire ants. One species, Aphaenogaster carolinensis Wheeler, was negatively associated, and another, Monomorium minimum (Buckley), was positively associated with hybrid imported fire ant occurrence.
Hypoxic Episodes in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Hypoxic episodes are troublesome components of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants. Immature respiratory control seems to be the major contributor, superimposed on abnormal respiratory function. Relatively short respiratory pauses may precipitate desaturation and bradycardia. This population is predisposed to pulmonary hypertension; it is likely that pulmonary vasoconstriction also plays a role. The natural history has been well-characterized in the preterm population at risk for BPD; however, the consequences are less clear. Proposed associations of intermittent hypoxia include retinopathy of prematurity, sleep disordered breathing, and neurodevelopmental delay. Future study should address whether these associations are causal relationships.
Concordance on zebra stripes: a comment on Larison et al. (2015).

The functional significance of the extraordinary black and white stripes of zebras is still mysterious but now an active field of research. Four major hypotheses have been put forward: stripes are an antipredator defence operating through crypsis [1] or confusion of predators [2], are a means of reinforcing social bonds [3], are defence against ectoparasites [4] or are a means of cooling zebras [5]. Now, in the second multifactorial analysis of striping in zebras to date, Larison et al. [6] investigated the environmental factors that explain geographical variation in striping within a single species, the plains zebra ( Equus quagga or Equus burchellii ). They matched variation in striping patterns at 16 sites across its geographical range to a suite of environmental variables as well as tsetse fly (glossinid) distribution and lion ( Panthera leo ) presence. They found that greater intensities of intraspecific striping were associated with warmer temperatures and high precipitation. Last year we published a similar but phylogenetically controlled analysis using all seven species of equids, namely the three striped zebra species, the African wild ass ( Equus africanus ) which has leg stripes but no body stripes, and the unstriped species of equids ( E. hemionus, E. kiang, E. ferus przewalski ), and 20 of their subspecies, and compared several aspects of the four hypotheses [7]. These were camouflage in woodlands, antipredator defence against both lions and spotted hyaenas ( Crocuta crocuta ), social interactions, tsetse fly distribution, tabanid distribution using both temperature and humidity ranges as a proxy for abundance, and temperature isoclines to assess the cooling hypothesis. First we ran univariate tests on individual factors to identify the hypotheses with the strongest predictive ability, then subsequently used AICc model selection procedures to pit the most promising predictors against each other—a …
Nitrogen-Stabilized H2* Defects in GaP:N

The presence of N in III-V compounds such as GaAs and GaP drastically changes the behavior of H. We studied atomic structures of N-related hydrogen complexes in GaP:N using first-principles method. We show that the formation of the strong N-H bond is responsible for the stabilization of H2* complex that is otherwise unstable against the formation of H2 molecule. This provides the first theoretical proof that H2* can be stable in III-V semiconductor. The previously proposed H-N-H dihydride model is found to be unstable against spontaneously transforming into H2*, which involves only monohydrides, H-N and H-Ga. The calculated local vibration frequencies and isotope shifts are in good agreement with experiment.
Product Channels in the Reaction of the Hydroxymethyl Radical with Nitric Oxide

The products of the reaction of CH2OH with NO were studied by infrared diode laser spectroscopy. Products were detected to determine the branching ratios of the CH2OH + NO reaction. HNCO was detected in 10.3 ± 2% yields. No other products were detected in significant quantities, indicating that adduct formation is the primary reaction pathway. Ab initio calculations of the potential energy surface show a low energy pathway to HNCO + H2O, but no other bimolecular channels, in agreement with the experiments.
Consistency and stability of Yinzhihuang Injection based on HPLC fingerprints

Objective To evaluate the consistency and stability of Yinzhihuang Injection with HPLC fingerprint and improve its quality standard. Methods HPLC was used to establish the fingerprints of 23 batches of Yinzhihuang Injection, including samples from different manufacturers, batch number, and conditions of acceleration. Similarity calculation and hierarchical cluster analysis were used to evaluate the consistency and stability of them with similarity and relative peak area of common peaks in fingerprints. Results Samples of same manufacturer were classified respectively, which showed the consistency of every batch; Samples from different manufacturers were classified successively, which showed the diversity and relative coherence; Samples treated with accelerated test were different from normal ones obviously, which showed the sensitive of fingerprints. Conclusion The established HPLC fingerprint could be applied to the quality control of Yinzhihuang Injection and show fairly importance in ensuring the consistency and stability of it.
The incidence of drink driving and relevant behavior among motor drivers in Nanjing,2012

Objective To analyze drink driving status after multi-department intervention.Methods Random roadside breath testing for alcohol and questionnaire survey was conducted.Results Totally 5 096 motor drivers were enrolled this study,38 of which were all males with alcohol drinking,the incidence of drink driving(BAC0mg/100ml)was 0.75%,of which the highest(3.60%)were primary school or lower of the educational level and the lowest(0.26%)were university degree with meaningful statistic difference(P0.05);fixed occupation(0.59%)were lower than non-fixed occupation(1.15%)with significant difference.The highest was at midnight(1.45%)and difference was shown on differ time with statistical significance(P0.05).Motorcycle(5.92%)were higher than automobile(0.58%),non-commercial vehicle(0.91%)were higher than commercial vehicle(0.1%);driving duration for this time≤0.5h(1.29%)were higher than 0.5h(0.31%);non-fasten seatbelt(or hamlet)(2.10%)were higher than fasten seat-belt(or helmet)(0.45%);driving out for dinner(3.41%)were higher than for business((0.05%);which the differences were all shown with statistical significance(P0.05).Conclusion The incidence of drink driving after intervention is lower than that of baseline.Persistent and reinforced intervention should be continued.
Genome‐scale RNA interference screen identifies antizyme 1 (OAZ1) as a target for improvement of recombinant protein production in mammalian cells

For the purpose of improving recombinant protein production from mammalian cells, an unbiased, high-throughput whole-genome RNA interference screen was conducted using human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK 293) cells expressing firefly luciferase. A 21,585 human genes were individually silenced with three different siRNAs for each gene. The screen identified 56 genes that led to the greatest improvement in luciferase expression. These genes were found to be included in several pathways involved in spliceosome formation and mRNA processing, transcription, metabolic processes, transport, and protein folding. The 10 genes that most enhanced protein expression when downregulated, were further confirmed by measuring the effect of their silencing on the expression of three additional recombinant proteins. Among the confirmed genes, OAZ1-the gene encoding the ornithine decarboxylase antizyme1-was selected for detailed investigation, since its silencing improved the reporter protein production without affecting cell viability. Silencing OAZ1 caused an increase of the ornithine decarboxylase enzyme and the cellular levels of putrescine and spermidine; an indication that increased cellular polyamines enhances luciferase expression without affecting its transcription. The study shows that OAZ1 is a novel target for improving expression of recombinant proteins. The genome-scale screening performed in this work can establish the foundation for targeted design of an efficient mammalian cell platform for various biotechnological applications. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 2403-2415. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Implicaciones del paradigma de conflicto en la evaluacion educativa

Resumen es: Se delimitan las diferencias entre los estudios de evaluacion educativa realizados desde la perspectiva ideologica del equilibrio y los conducidos bajo l...
Identifying factors associated with fast food consumption among adolescents in Beijing China using a theory-based approach.

Abstract Objectives China is in the midst of the nutrition transition with increasing rates of obesity and dietary changes. One contributor is the increase in fast food chains within the country. The purpose of this study was to develop a theory-based instrument that explores influencing factors of fast food consumption in adolescents residing in Beijing, China. Design Cross-sectional study. Methods Value expectancy and theory of planned behaviour were utilised to explore influencing factors of fast food consumption in the target population. There were 201 Chinese adolescents between the ages of 12 and 18. Cronbach's alpha correlation coefficients were used to examine internal reliability of the theory-based questionnaire. Bivariate correlations and a MANOVA were utilised to determine the relationship between theory-based constructs, body mass index (BMI)-for-age and fast food intake frequency as well as to determine differences in theory-based scores among fast food consumption frequency groupings. Results The theory-based questionnaire showed good reliability. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in the theory-based subcategory scores between fast food frequency groups. A significant positive correlation was observed between times per week fast food was consumed and each theory-based subscale score. Using BMI-for-age of 176 participants, 81% were normal weight and 19% were considered overweight or obese. Results showed consumption of fast food to be on average 1.50 ± 1.33 per week. The relationship between BMI-for-age and times per week fast food was consumed was not significant. Conclusions As the nutrition transition continues and fast food chains expand, it is important to explore factors effecting fast food consumption in China. Interventions targeting influencing factors can be developed to encourage healthy dietary choice in the midst of this transition.
An inverse-source problem for maximization of pore-fluid oscillation within poroelastic formations

This paper discusses a mathematical and numerical modeling approach for identification of an unknown optimal loading time signal of a wave source, atop the ground surface, that can maximize the relative wave motion of a single-phase pore fluid within fluid-saturated porous permeable (poroelastic) rock formations, surrounded by non-permeable semi-infinite elastic solid rock formations, in a one-dimensional setting. The motivation stems from a set of field observations, following seismic events and vibrational tests, suggesting that shaking an oil reservoir is likely to improve oil production rates. This maximization problem is cast into an inverse-source problem, seeking an optimal loading signal that minimizes an objective functional – the reciprocal of kinetic energy in terms of relative pore-fluid wave motion within target poroelastic layers. We use the finite element method to obtain the solution of the governing wave physics of a multi-layered system, where the wave equations for the target poroelasti...
Comparing Three Environmental Particle Size Distributions: Power Law (FED-STD-209D), Lognormal, Approximate Lognormal (MIL-STD-1246B)

Particle size strongly influences particle behavior. To summarize the distribution of particle sizes, a distribution function can be used. The characteristics of the particle size distributions chosen are important for two specification documents currently under revision: (1) FED-STD-209D, concerning air-cleanliness in manufacturing, which uses cumulative particle size distributions that are linear when plotted on log-log axes; these are power law distributions. (2) MIL-STD-1246B, "Product Cleanliness Levels and Contamination Control Programs," primarily concerning surface cleanliness, which uses cumulative particle size distributions that are linear when plotted as the logarithm of the cumulative distribution versus the square of the logarithm of the particle size, log2x, A third distribution, the lognormal, is commonly found in aerosol science, especially where there is a single particle source. The distributions are compared and discussed. The FED-STD-209D power law distribution can approximate a logno...
The Importance of Physical Attractiveness to the Mate Choices of Women and Their Mothers

Prior research investigating the mate preferences of women and their parents reveals two important findings with regard to physical attractiveness. First, daughters more strongly value mate characteristics connoting genetic quality (such as physical attractiveness) than their parents. Second, both daughters and their parents report valuing characteristics other than physical attractiveness most strongly (e.g., ambition/industriousness, friendliness/kindness). However, the prior research relies solely on self-report to assess daughters’ and parents’ preferences. We assessed mate preferences among 61 daughter-mother pairs using an experimental design varying target men’s physical attractiveness and trait profiles. We tested four hypotheses investigating whether a minimum level of physical attractiveness was a necessity to both women and their mothers and whether physical attractiveness was a more important determinant of dating desirability than trait profiles. These hypotheses were supported. Women and their mothers were strongly influenced by the physical attractiveness of the target men and preferred the attractive and moderately attractive targets. Men with the most desirable personality profiles were rated more favorably than their counterparts only when they were at least moderately attractive. Unattractive men were never rated as more desirable partners for daughters, even when they possessed the most desirable trait profiles. We conclude that a minimum level of physical attractiveness is a necessity for both women and their mothers and that when women and their parents state that other traits are more important than physical attractiveness, they assume potential mates meet a minimally acceptable standard of physical attractiveness.
Calibration-Free Footstep Frequency Estimation Using Structural Vibration

This paper introduces a calibration-free footstep frequency estimation system using footstep-induced structural vibration. Footstep frequency is an important measure for tracking health status in senior/health care and rehabilitation. Using structural vibrations for this estimation can improve intrusiveness commonly associated with long-term monitoring. Because the large number of structure types and the variety of noise they are subjected to, the main challenges of vibration-based approach are: (1) separating footsteps from other impulsive excitations (such as door shutting, cane striking, object droppings, etc.), (2) providing a system which is compatible to different structures and does not require calibration and training for every structure. To combat these challenges, we introduce an online footstep frequency estimation system which uses human walking pattern heuristics to automatically separate and tune the system to distinguish between footstep-induced vibration and other impulsive excitations in different structures. We validate our approach in two different buildings with human participants. The results show that our approach results in F1 score of 0.87, equal to 8× improvement compared to a baseline approach, which classifies the footsteps using a model trained in a different structure.
Depressive Symptomatology, Attributional Style, Dysfunctional Attitude, and Social Competency in Adolescents with and Without Learning Disabilities

Differences in depressive symptomatology, attributional style, dysfunctional attitude, and social competency were investigated in 147 adolescents classified as learning disabled-unsuccessful (LD-US...
Influence of aggregate type on conversion and strength in calcium aluminate cement concrete

Abstract Calcium aluminate cement (CAC) is gaining popularity in North America as a rapid repair material due to its ability to quickly gain strength, even at low curing temperatures. Use of CAC has been limited due to a lack of understanding of the process of conversion and the role of aggregates in CAC concrete. Conversion, which occurs only in 100% CAC systems, is a chemical process in which metastable hydrates convert into denser, stable hydrates. Presented is an examination of aggregate source impacts on this conversion process and converted CAC concrete strengths. Nine different concrete systems with fifteen varying aggregate sources were examined. Results indicated that carbonate limestone and siliceous limestone aggregate systems had significantly less strength reduction due to conversion compared to siliceous aggregate systems. Microstructural analysis of systems suggested that the carbonate limestone system had less porosity and better-formed aggregate/paste interfacial transition zones compared to the siliceous systems. Chemical analysis of the concrete pore solution indicated that the carbonate limestone system's pH and ionic concentrations of aluminum, sodium, and potassium were significantly higher than that of a siliceous system, indicating more dissolution of unhydrated cement in the carbonate limestone system. These studies are presented along with a proposed theory explaining the cause of the significant converted strength differences in CAC concrete systems made with limestone aggregates compared to siliceous aggregates.
The Influence and Example of Professor Michael W. Lewis

This short symposium essay pays tribute to my friend and mentor, Professor Mike Lewis, who tragically passed away from illness in the prime of his career last year. It examines his influence in the fields of international law and the law of war and the example he set for students over the course of nine academic years at Ohio Northern University’s Pettit College of Law. The essay concludes by calling on law schools to consider hiring more faculty members like Mike, whose career included service as a fighter pilot in the U.S. Navy, the private sector, and significant courtroom practice.
The Role of Sociocultural Context in the Leader–Follower Relationship: An Analysis of Lee Kuan Yew’s Authentic Transformational Leadership

Through a strong vision, authentic transformational leaders inspire followers to transcend their own self-interests for the good of the group. While the characteristics underlying authentic transformational leadership have received attention, less emphasis has been placed on how and under what conditions transformational leadership achieves authenticity within the leader–follower relationship. Taking a case study approach, this chapter assesses Lee Kuan Yew’s leadership style, specifically his ‘Asian Values’ vision. By addressing the sociocultural contexts in which authentic transformational leadership occurs, we argue that Lee’s leadership style ultimately failed because his vision was incongruent with the ontologies and values of other societies in Asia, resulting in a message that appeared inauthentic. This chapter concludes with recommendations for making authentic transformational leadership more functional across different cultural contexts.
Globus Pallidus Interna or Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson Disease: A Review.

Importance Selection of the best deep brain stimulation (DBS) target—subthalamic nucleus (STN) or globus pallidus interna (GPi)—for treatment of motor complications in Parkinson disease remains a matter of debate. Observations Increasing evidence from randomized clinical trials indicates that motor benefit is similar between both targets, including an effect on dyskinesia and improvement in quality of life. Deep brain stimulation of the STN offers consistently greater dopaminergic medication reduction, possible mild benefit in nonmotor domains, and potential economic advantage. Deep brain stimulation of the GPi provides a probable advantage in dyskinesia suppression, management of symptoms with unilateral leads, and flexibility in medications and programming adjustments. Overall, STN DBS is at potentially higher or equal risk for neuropsychiatric changes compared with GPi DBS. Conclusions and Relevance Both GPi and STN DBS provide similar, consistent, marked motor benefits, but subtle target differences exist. Target selection should be tailored to each patient’s clinical presentation, neuropsychiatric profile, and goals of surgery, allowing customization of this therapy and improved individual outcomes.
Identifying Mechanisms of Behavior Change in Psychosocial Alcohol Treatment Trials: Improving the Quality of Evidence from Mediational Analyses

Objective:In recent years, a shift has occurred from identifying variables that mediate the effects of psychosocial interventions for problematic alcohol use to trying to identify effective mechani...
Structural Characterization and Formulation Development of a Trivalent Equine Encephalitis Virus-Like Particle Vaccine Candidate.

The zoonotic equine encephalitis viruses (EEVs) can cause debilitating and life-threatening disease, leading to ongoing vaccine development efforts for an effective virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine based on 3 strains of EEV (Eastern, Western, and Venezuelan or EEE, WEE and VEE VLPs, respectively). In this work, transmission electron microscopy and light scattering studies showed enveloped, spherical, and ∼70 nm sized VLPs. Biophysical studies demonstrated optimal VLP physical stability in the pH range of 7.5-8.5 and at temperatures below ∼50°C. Interestingly, the individual stability profiles differed notably between the 3 VLPs. Numerous pharmaceutical excipients were screened for their VLP stabilizing effects against thermal stress. Sucrose, sorbitol, sodium chloride, and pluronic F-68 were identified as promising stabilizers and the concentrations and combinations of these additives were optimized. Candidate monovalent VLP bulk formulations were incubated at temperatures ranging from -80°C to 40°C to establish freeze-thaw, long-term (2°C-8°C) and accelerated stability trends. Good VLP stability profiles were observed at each storage temperature, except for a distinct instability observed at -20°C. The interaction of monovalent and trivalent VLP formulations with aluminum adjuvants was examined, both in terms of antigen adsorption and desorption over time. The implications of these findings on future vaccine formulation development of EEV VLPs are discussed.
The effect of visceral fat and elevated blood glucose on anxiety levels in college age students.

Abstract Anxiety is prevalent among young adults; research shows metabolic inflexibility, the inability to oxidize fat, can increase the occurrence of hyper-aroused states. Fasting blood glucose is the current protocol for assessing metabolic impairment. However, recent studies have shown young adults may have normal fasting blood glucose levels with underlying irregularities in postprandial glucose regulation, insulin secretion and cortisol release, which causes a pattern of visceral fat accumulation. Visceral fat of the volunteers was assessed using the DXA (Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) full body scanning method; the waist was assessed by taking the circumference at the midpoint between the lower margin of the last palpable rib and the top of the iliac crest to formulate a waist to height ratio (WHtR); fasting glucose levels were measured via point-of-care (POC) finger-stick method using the Abbott Precision blood glucose meter and anxiety levels. The Pearson R correlation test showed significance between GAD-7 and VAT Volume at r = 0.513 VAT Mass r = 0.514 body fat percentage r = 0.407 and Android r = 0.419. This correlation between GAD-7 and VAT Volume and VAT Mass shows the physiological connection between elevated visceral fat and heightened anxiety. High amounts of visceral fat may lead to an increase in insulin and cortisol levels. The study may suggest that increased fasting blood glucose is not necessarily the best predictor of metabolic dysregulation in a population of healthy college students.
Home Sleep Apnea Testing

Home sleep apnea testing is a method of diagnosing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in the home setting using equipment that measures a reduced number of signals. Once controversial and rarely used, home diagnosis of OSA is rapidly becoming an accepted method for diagnosing OSA. It has various strengths and weaknesses and is still a technique in evolution.
A $\Pi$ -Shaped Gate Design for Reducing Hot-Electron Generation in GaN HEMTs

The use of a $\Pi$ -shaped gate structure is proposed for GaN HEMTs, which effectively reduces the hot-electron generation under all regimes of operation, while preserving device performance well into the lower millimeter-wave frequency range. Simulations under dc and large-signal RF conditions of the proposed $\Pi$ -gate device, along with the corresponding electron energy distribution functions, were obtained with a full-band cellular Monte Carlo device simulator self-consistently coupled to a harmonic-balance circuit solver and compared with the simulations of a typical Tgate HEMT whose dc curves were calibrated to experimental data. Our results show that the peak hot-carrier generation obtained with an asymmetric- $\Pi$ -gate is up to 41%, 44%, and 75% lower at dc and in Class AB mode at 10 GHz and 40 GHz, respectively, as compared with that observed with the comparable Tgate devices. This new gate structure suggests that significantly higher reliability against hot-electron-induced device damage can be achieved with modest impacts on performance.
The effect of low-magnitude, high-frequency vibration on poly(ethylene glycol)-microencapsulated mesenchymal stem cells:

Low-magnitude, high-frequency vibration has stimulated osteogenesis in mesenchymal stem cells when these cells were cultured in certain types of three-dimensional environments. However, results of ...
Direct air capture of CO­2 – topological analysis of the experimental electron density (QTAIM) of the highly insoluble carbonate salt of a 2,6-pyridine-bis(iminoguanidine), (PyBIGH2)(CO3)(H2O)4

Chemical bonding and all intermolecular interactions in the highly insoluble carbonate salt of a 2,6-pyridine-bis(iminoguanidine), (PyBIGH2)(CO3)(H2O)4, recently employed in the direct air capture of CO2 via crystallization, have been analyzed within the framework of the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) based on the experimental electron density derived from X-ray diffraction data obtained at 20 K. Accurate hydrogen positions were included based on an analogous neutron diffraction study at 100 K. Topological features of the covalent bonds demonstrate the presence of multiple bonds of various orders within the PyBIGH22+ cation. Strong hydrogen bonds define ribbons comprising carbonate anions and water molecules. These ribbons are linked to stacks of essentially planar dications via hydrogen bonds from the guanidinium moieties and an additional one to the pyridine nitro­gen. The linking hydrogen bonds are approximately perpendicular to the anion–water ribbons. The observation of these putative interactions provided motivation to characterize them by topological analysis of the total electron density. Thus, all hydrogen bonds have been characterized by the properties of their (3,−1) bond critical points. Weaker interactions between the PyBIGH22+ cations have similarly been characterized. Integrated atomic charges are also reported. A small amount of cocrystallized hydroxide ion (∼2%) was also detected in both the X-ray and neutron data, and included in the multipole model for the electron-density refinement. The small amount of additional H+ required for charge balance was not detected in either the X-ray or the neutron data. The results are discussed in the context of the unusually low aqueous solubility of (PyBIGH2)(CO3)(H2O)4 and its ability to sequester atmospheric CO2.
The Emergy of Digital Wood

The construction industry and building sector are now widely known to be one of the biggest energy consumers and carbon emitters. Some architectural agendas for sustainability focus on ‘energy efficiency’ or buildings that minimize their energy intake during their lifetime—through the use of new ‘greener’ elements, such as more efficient mechanical systems or more insulative wall systems. The focus on the efficiency of one aspect or system of the building, versus the effectiveness of the whole, leads to ad hoc ecology and results in the familiar “law of unintended consequences.” This chapter explores the ways in which researchers have been exploring the use of technology to expand the use of wood while minimizing the ‘emergy’ or energy memory of the material being consumed. These explorations are two-fold; using wood as a responsive material which can adapt to its environment with no external energy, improving the performance of a building, and the creation of construction methods and joinery which responds to the inherit “liveness” of the wood. This chapter will explore the notion of emergy through a series of case studies which exemplify research that can capitalize on dramatic advancements in the use of scanning methods and robotic technology to greatly expand the performance of wood.
Fatal acute hemolytic transfusion reaction due to anti-B from a platelet apheresis unit stored in platelet additive solution.

BACKGROUND Hemolytic transfusion reactions from out-of-group plasma in platelet (PLT) transfusions are uncommon, with most involving passive transfer of anti-A. Only rare reactions have ever been reported due to anti-B. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS An apheresis PLT product was donated by a blood group O male, processed using PLT additive solution, and pathogen reduced. Postreaction recipient testing included an antibody screen using gel technology, a direct antiglobulin test (DAT) using immunoglobulin G and C3, and an eluate against group O and B cells. Postreaction donor testing included measuring anti-B titers in saline, with and without anti-human globulin. RESULTS A 60-year-old blood group B patient with relapsed acute myeloid leukemia developed confusion, fever, and hypotension within hours after a blood group O PLT transfusion. The posttransfusion reaction evaluation was remarkable for a positive DAT 3+ for C3; the eluate showed anti-B. Rapid extravascular hemolysis occurred, with a 50% decline in hemoglobin, a high lactate dehydrogenase, and a high bilirubin. She was resuscitated with fluids, blood products, pressors, and oxygen and died of asystole 60 hours later. The donor's anti-B titers were 128 by tube testing at immediate spin and 512 at the anti-human globulin phase. Notably, a group B patient at a different hospital received a split of the same apheresis unit, with no reaction. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first fatality reported from passively transfused anti-B. The fact that one transfusion recipient died whereas another did not have any reported reaction highlights the potential importance of recipient variables in isohemagglutinin-mediated hemolysis.
Alternative Survey Methods for the Emerald Ash Borer

As part of an ongoing project to improve survey and detection for the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis, several field assays were conducted to (1) determine how often traps need to be checked during a given field season, and (2) compare the effectiveness of traps with “dry” (with insecticidal strips or internal funnel) vs. “wet” (with propylene glycol surfactant) collection cups. There were no significant differences among any of the trap check intervals or the trap methods tested. This will provide new tools to surveyors, and allow them more flexibility as they survey for this invasive pest.
Cold Adaptations of Alpine Insects

Abstract This article deals with insect adaptations for life in the alpine zone, primarily in the middle and high latitudes. Their behavioral adaptations are mainly focused on seeking shelter from winter air temperatures. Their physical adaptations include small body size and dark-colored exoskeleton. Most alpine insects are flightless. Their physiological adaptations include freeze resistance, freeze tolerance, and cryoprotective dehydration. Their enzymes are geared to work at low temperatures. Because alpine vegetation is often sparse and grows slowly, plant-feeding species represent a very small proportion of the insect fauna. Many alpine insects are predators or scavengers that rely on arthropods from lower elevations for their food. These insects and spiders are blown up onto the alpine landscape by upslope winds. The life history adaptations of alpine insects include multi-year life spans, especially of larvae and adults, as well as adaptations in their phenology: the timing of periodic events in their life cycle.
Editorial: Important First Look at Population-Based Trajectories of Youth With Autism

Few studies have followed young people with autism spectrum disorder (shortened to "autism" herein) over time, and all previous longitudinal studies have used clinical or center-based samples,1,2 leaving considerable uncertainty about the course of autism in the general population. In this issue, Simonoff and colleagues3 describe the first longitudinal study within a population-based sample, the Special Needs and Autism Project (SNAP) cohort. By assessing adolescents and young adults with autism at 3 time points over 11 years, from approximately 12 to 23 years of age, the authors profiled the trajectories of both cognitive and autism symptoms. Despite little change in caregiver-rated autism symptoms over this time period, they found that full-scale IQ (FSIQ) showed a moderate increase, with some hints of factors that may predict greater improvement.
Rheumatoid Arthritis: Pathogenesis, Prediction and Prevention – An Emerging Paradigm Shift

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is currently diagnosed and treated when an individual presents with signs and symptoms of inflammatory arthritis (IA) as well as other features, such as autoantibodies and/or imaging findings, that provide sufficient confidence that the individual has RA-like IA (e.g., meeting established classification criteria) that warrants therapeutic intervention. However, it is now known that there is a stage of seropositive RA during which circulating biomarkers and other factors (e.g., joint symptoms) can be used to predict if and when an individual who does not currently have IA may develop future clinically apparent IA and classifiable RA. Indeed, the discovery of the "pre-RA" stage of seropositive disease has led to the development of several clinical trials in which individuals are studied to identify ways to delay or prevent the onset of clinically apparent IA/RA. This review focuses on several issues pertinent to understanding the prevention of RA. These include discussion of the pathogenesis of pre-RA development, prediction of the likelihood and timing of future classifiable RA, and a review of completed and ongoing clinical trials in RA prevention. Furthermore, this review discusses challenges and opportunities to be addressed to effect a paradigm shift in RA, where in the near future, proactive risk assessment focused on prevention of RA will become a public health strategy in much the same manner as cardiovascular disease is managed today.
Resolving chemical and spatial heterogeneities at complex electrochemical interfaces in Li ion batteries

The high specific capacities of Ni-rich transition metal oxides have garnered immense interest for improving the energy density of Li-ion batteries (LIBs). Despite the potential of these materials, Ni-rich cathodes suffer from interfacial instabilities that lead to crystallographic rearrangement of the active material surface as well as the formation of a cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) layer on the composite during electrochemical cycling. While changes in crystallographic structure can be detected with diffraction-based methods, probing the chemistry of the disordered, heterogeneous CEI layer is challenging. In this work, we use a combination of ex situ solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) spectroscopy and X-ray photoemission electron microscopy (XPEEM) to provide chemical and spatial information on the CEI deposited on LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811) composite cathode films. Specifically, XPEEM elemental maps offer insight into the lateral arrangement of the electrolyte decomposition products that comprise the CEI and paramagnetic interactions (assessed with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and relaxation measurements) in 13C SSNMR provide information on the radial arrangement of the CEI from the NMC811 particles outward. Using this approach, we find that LiF, Li2CO3, and carboxy-containing structures are directly appended to NMC811 active particles, whereas soluble species detected during in situ 1H and 19F solution NMR experiments (e.g., alkyl carbonates, HF, and vinyl compounds) are randomly deposited on the composite surface. We show that the combined approach of ex situ SSNMR and XPEEM, in conjunction with in situ solution NMR, allows spatially-resolved, molecular-level characterization of paramagnetic surfaces and new insights into electrolyte oxidation mechanisms in porous electrode films.
P450 enzymes in steroid processing

Steroid hormones are a group of biomolecules with similar structures derived from the common four-ring carbon skeleton of cholesterol. Individual steroid molecules possess a diverse range of biological activities, which derive from the subtle structural changes imposed by differences in the number of carbon atoms (21, 19, or 18) and sites of oxygenation. The process of cholesterol oxidation to steroid hormones is organized and sequential, forming the basis for steroidogenic pathways. The cytochrome P450 enzymes are the dominant catalysts that define these pathways and restrict steroid flux in the various steroidogenic cell types. The various vitamin D metabolites, which derive from 7-dehydrocholesterol and have an open B ring, also follow P450-dominated pathways to active or inactive compounds. Steroidogenesis differs from most other processes involving cytochrome P450 enzymes in that different diseases result from genetic deficiencies in each of these enzymes, and that many of these enzymes are mitochondrial (type I) P450s. This chapter reviews the key P450 enzymes and pathways to the various steroids. It begins with a historical perspective and a discussion of the biological classifications of steroid hormones.
Subdivisions and Interconnections of the Primate Visual System

For the last ten years or so, my colleagues and I have been trying to determine the subdivisions of the visual system and the interconnections of these subdivisions in primates. Since most of our research has been on a New World monkey, the owl monkey, Aotus trivirgatus this review is devoted to findings for this monkey. A more inclusive review will appear elsewhere (1).
The Cognitive Functioning of American Indian Children: A Critique of McShane and Plas.

(1984). The Cognitive Functioning of American Indian Children: A Critique of McShane and Plas. School Psychology Review: Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 74-82.
Results of radical surgical procedures after radiation for treatment of invasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix in a private practice

Abstract An analysis is made of the results of treatment of 96 women with carcinoma of the cervix, Stages IB and II, in a private practive. All 96 women were treated preoperatively with uterine intracavitary radium, followed 6 weeks later by Wertheim hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy. If malignant tumor was present in the lateral pelvic lymph nodes, external radiation was given postoperatively. The over-all survival rates were: Stage IB, 88% and 84% at 5 and 10 years; Stage II, 72% and 62% at 5 and 10 years. Regardles of the clinical stage, the highest survival rates were found in those patients who had no malignancy in the lateral pelvic lymph nodes and no residual cervical carcinoma. The lowest survical rates were found in those patients who had both residual cervical carcinoma and lymph node metastases.
p53 binds to the TATA-binding protein-TATA complex.

Earlier reports show that p53, both wild type and mutants, may affect transcription. Wild-type p53 activates promoters with p53-binding sites while inhibiting promoters without binding sites. Mutant p53, on the other hand, has been shown to activate transcription from specific promoters. These observations suggest that both wild-type and mutant p53 may interact with a general transcription factor(s). In this report, we have shown that the cloned TATA-binding protein (TBP) from human and yeast interacts with human p53. TBP co-immunoprecipitates with wild-type or mutant human p53 when incubated with the p53-specific monoclonal antibody and Protein A-agarose. Wild-type murine p53 has also been found to interact with human TBP. Protein blot assays have demonstrated that the interaction between p53 and human TBP is direct. By gel retention analysis, we have shown that the complex of TBP and p53 (both wild type and mutant) can bind to the TATA box. The similar qualitative binding capability of wild-type and mutant p53 with human TBP and the similarity of the two complexes in binding to the TATA box suggest that the functional discrimination between wild-type and mutant p53 may not lie in their ability to bind TBP. The nature of the p53.TBP or p53.TBP.TATA complex may determine the success of transcription.
Number of Ultrafilters

This cardinal function is rather easy to describe, at least if we do not try to go into the detail that we did for cellularity, for example. If A is a subalgebra or homomorphic image of B, then \( |Ult(A)| \leq |Ult(B)| \).
In-Reactor Studies of Low-Cycle Fatigue Properties of a Nuclear Pressure Vessel Steel

Abstract : An experimental irradiation assembly and associated instrumentation which have been developed and successfully utilized for the performance of dynamic in-reactor low cycle fatigue tests of reactor pressure vessel steels are described. The equipment provides for the simultaneous reverse bend testing of as many as fifteen sheet type specimens representing a range of strain amplitudes at controlled temperatures in the range 300 to 700F. The results of an exploratory investigation on the fatigue resistance of ASTM type A302-B steel during irradiation at 500F are presented and compared with data from out-of-reactor control tests. These preliminary data do not indicate any pronounced difference in the fatigue strength of irradiated versus unirradiated steel. Exploratory investigations are continuing. (Author)