cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
GlideScope versus flexible fiber optic for awake upright laryngoscopy.

Study objectives We compare laryngoscopic quality and time to highest-grade view between a face-to-face approach with the GlideScope and traditional flexible fiber-optic laryngoscopy in awake, upright volunteers. Methods This was a prospective, randomized, crossover study in which we performed awake laryngoscopy under local anesthesia on 23 healthy volunteers, using both a GlideScope video laryngoscopy face-to-face technique with the blade held upside down and flexible fiber-optic laryngoscopy. Operator reports of Cormack-Lehane laryngoscopic views and video-reviewed time to highest-grade view, as well as number of attempts, were recorded. Results Ten women and 13 men participated. A grade II or better view was obtained with GlideScope video laryngoscopy in 22 of 23 (95.6%) participants and in 23 of 23 (100%) participants with flexible fiber-optic laryngoscopy (relative risk GlideScope video laryngoscopy versus flexible fiber-optic laryngoscopy 0.96; 95% confidence interval 0.88 to 1.04). Median time to highest-grade view for GlideScope video laryngoscopy was 16 seconds (interquartile range 9 to 34) versus 51 seconds (interquartile range 35 to 96) for flexible fiber-optic laryngoscopy. A distribution of interindividual differences demonstrated that GlideScope video laryngoscopy was, on average, 39 seconds faster than flexible fiber-optic laryngoscopy (95% confidence interval 0.2 to 76.9 seconds). Conclusion GlideScope video laryngoscopy can be used to obtain a Cormack-Lehane grade II or better view in the majority of awake, healthy volunteers when an upright face-to-face approach is used and was slightly faster than traditional flexible fiber-optic laryngoscopy. However, flexible fiber-optic laryngoscopy may be more reliable at obtaining high-grade views of the larynx. Awake, face-to-face GlideScope use may offer an alternative approach to the difficulty airway, particularly among providers uncomfortable with flexible fiber-optic laryngoscopy.
Tumor volume decrease at 8 weeks is associated with longer survival in EGFR-mutant advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients treated with EGFR TKI.

Background: The study investigated whether tumor volume changes at 8 weeks of therapy is associated with outcomes in advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients harboring sensitizing epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR ) mutations treated with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Methods: In 56 advanced NSCLC patients with sensitizing EGFR mutations treated with first-line erlotinib or gefitinib, tumor volumes of dominant lung lesions were measured on baseline and follow-up computed tomography, and were analyzed for association with survival. Results: Among 56 eligible patients, the median tumor volume was 17.8 cm 3 (range, 1.3–172.7 cm 3 ) on the baseline scans. Forty-nine patients had follow-up computed tomography at approximately 8 weeks; the median tumor volume at 8 weeks was 7.1 cm 3 (range, 0.4–62.3 cm 3 ), with the median proportional volume change of −59% (range, −90% to +91%) from baseline. The proportional volume change at 8 weeks was associated with survival ( p = 0.02). Using the cutoff value of 38% volume decrease (75th percentile) at 8 weeks, patients with volume decrease more than 38% ( n = 37) had a median overall survival of 43.5 months compared with 16.3 months among those with volume decrease of 38% or less ( n = 12; p = 0.01). The median progression-free survival for patients with more than 38% volume decrease was 12.6 months, compared with 5.5 months for those with 38% or lesser volume decrease ( p = 0.2). Conclusion: The proportional volume change at 8 weeks is associated with overall survival in EGFR -mutant advanced NSCLC patients treated with first-line EGFR-TKIs. The observation of the study, if confirmed in larger study cohorts, indicates that tumor volume analysis at 8 weeks may provide an early marker for survival, and contribute to therapeutic decision making by identifying patients who may benefit from additional anticancer therapy after 8 weeks of EGFR-TKI therapy.
COLLISION MATRIX FOR (n,d) AND (p,d) REACTIONS

The contributions to ($n, d$), ($p, d$) reactions and their inverses from the pickup and stripping mechanisms are considered as corrections to the compound-nucleus or $R$-matrix theory of nuclear reactions. In an ($n, d$) reaction, for example, the $R$-matrix theory neglects the interaction of the incident neutron with the target-nucleus proton "tails" which extend beyond the nuclear radius. The pickup correction to the collision-matrix component, or reaction amplitude, appears as the matrix element of the neglected interaction involving an exact wave function and the approximate wave function of the compound-nucleus system not having the interaction; a distorted-wave Born approximation is used in which the former exact wave function is replaced by one of the latter type with the appropriate radiation condition. An explicit expression is given for the collision-matrix component which, together with the compound-nucleus contribution, can be substituted directly into the formulas of Blatt and Biedenharn for total reaction cross sections and angular distributions. In general, the angular distributions contain interference terms in addition to the straight pickup and compound-nucleus contributions. If the distorted neutron and deuteron spherical partial waves are assumed to depend only on the angular momenta, and not explicitly on the total spin and the channel spins, the formula of Tobocman is obtained for the pickup contribution, while Butler's formula is obtained if plane waves are used instead of distorted waves. There are discussions of the various approximations, the exchange terms, and the question of the nuclear radius.
Joint density closure schemes for a diffusion-limited reaction

Abstract We study the macroscopic particle concentration in the diffusion-limited reactions A + A→A, A + A⇌A, A + A→A with particle input, and A + A⇌A with particle input, in one spatial dimension using different schemes for truncating the hierarchy of kinetic equations for the joint density functions. Our goal is to evaluate the quality of some nonsystematic approximations by comparing with the exact solution. The approximate results for the asymptotic behavior of particle concentrations, and the particle concentrations of the equilibrium and nonequilibrium steady states are in good agreement with exact results. For the irreversible reactions, the results of Kirkwood's superposition approximation are better than those of a simpler approximation. The superposition approximation yields better results far from equilibrium, while the simpler closure gives excellent predictions near equilibrium.
COMMERCIAL ACCELERATED PORK PROCESSING: YIELDS OF CURED HAM, BACON AND LOINS

Bone-in and boneless hams, bacon and smoked pork loins were prepared under commercial processing conditions as a part of the packing plant phase of testing accelerated processing versus normal, post-chill, processing techniques. Cuts were skinned, pumped and processed with standard equipment and brines used for those cuts in the cooperating plant. Smoking was performed along with similar cuts from the regular processing operation. Boneless, pressed and fully cooked hams were studied. Significant weight differences observed during the processing steps were found to be nonsignificant in the finished hams. No significant differences were found in the yield of smoked bone-m hams following processing. Differences found in the yield of bacon and the length of the formed slabs prior to slicing were nonsignificant. No significant difference was found in the yield of smoked pork loins in this study. Most differences found in weights during the initial part of processing were eliminated as further processing was completed.
Transplants for leukemia in relapse: When is the best time?

Transplantation of hematopoietic cells to treat acute leukemia can offer disease control and extended survival for a sizeable fraction of patients, but because alternative approaches may also be effective, the decision about transplant timing remains uncertain. For those transplanted in first complete remission (CR1), outcomes are the best, but some fraction of those might have had extended leukemia-free survival in the absence of a transplant. In later remission, outcomes are variable but promising—and markedly better than any nontransplant approach. Risks of relapse may differ based on the depth of remission, measurable minimal residual disease (MRD), or patient’s performance status.
Differences in Pain Perceptions between Automated Breast Ultrasound and Digital Screening Mammography

A prospective single-site survey was performed to gauge perceived pain during automated breast ultrasound (ABUS) and digital x-ray mammography (XRM). Patients also described differences in duration of the exams, provided their bra size, and indicated whether they would recommend ABUS to a friend. Pain was measured on a Likert-type visual analog scale (1–10). Participants were 199 female volunteers who also participated in the prospective, multicenter, nationwide clinical research study SOMO•INSIGHT. There was a mean pain and/or discomfort score of 6.41 (± 2.41) for XRM and a mean score of 1.86 (± 1.24) for ABUS (P = .001). Bra size and perceived examination duration played no role in determining patient pain and/or discomfort. One hundred percent of patients who participated said that they would recommend ABUS to a friend. These data suggest that if ABUS is proven to be a valuable adjunctive screening test for breast cancer among women with dense breast tissue, its routine use will be well tolerated by pa...
Deliberativist responses to activist challenges: A continuation of Young’s dialectic

In a recent article, Iris Marion Young raises several challenges to deliberative democracy on behalf of political activists. In this paper, the author defends a version of deliberative democracy against the activist challenges raised by Young and devises challenges to activism on behalf of the deliberative democrat.
Cellular Mechanics as an Indicator of Cytoskeletal Structure and Function

NONERYTHROID ANIMAL CELLS ••.••......••.••••••• •••.•.• •••••••••.•........•••••••••....... 414 Experimental Approaches .. ... .. ...... .... .. ..... 414 Marine Invertebrate Ova .... ... ......... ... .. ....... ... 416 White Blood Cells . .. .... .... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417 Adherent Tissue Cells ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420 CYTOSKELETAL RESPONSES TRIGGERED BY EXTERNAL AGENTS 423 CELLULAR DEFORMABIUTY AS AN ASSAY FOR CYTOSKELETAL FUNCUON 425
Prescription Monitoring Programs: Pitfalls and Opportunities

Prescription monitoring programs for controlled substances are increasingly common. Pitfalls and opportunities resulting from the data generated by these programs are discussed.
Low Sodium Diet Augments Plasma and Tissue Catecholamine Levels in Pithed Rats

Plasma and tissue (cardiac, vascular, renal, and adrenal) catecholamine concentrations were measured in pithed male Wistar rats maintained on low (10 mEq/kg diet), basal (115 mEq/kg diet), or high (1200 mEq/kg diet) sodium test diets for five weeks. Significant differences in catecholamine disposition were observed only in response to sodium restriction; responses to basal and high sodium intakes were consistently similar. Baseline plasma catecholamine levels (p < 0.001). as well as those in response to stimulation of the entire sympathetic outflow at 4 Hz were markedly enhanced in low sodium rats (p < 0.001). The facilitation of stimulation-induced increments in plasma norepinephrine levels in low sodium rats may be related to the finding that norepinephrine content was also elevated in noradrenergically innervated tissues (atria, ventricles, mesenteric artery, and kidneys) (p < 0.01). Adrenal catecholamine levels, however, were not affected by dietary sodium restriction. Despite the peripheral catechola...
Gender and vocal production mode discrimination using the high frequencies for speech and singing.

Humans routinely produce acoustical energy at frequencies above 6 kHz during vocalization, but this frequency range is often not represented in communication devices and speech perception research. Recent advancements toward high-definition (HD) voice and extended bandwidth hearing aids have increased the interest in the high frequencies. The potential perceptual information provided by high-frequency energy (HFE) is not well characterized. We found that humans can accomplish tasks of gender discrimination and vocal production mode discrimination (speech vs. singing) when presented with acoustic stimuli containing only HFE at both amplified and normal levels. Performance in these tasks was robust in the presence of low-frequency masking noise. No substantial learning effect was observed. Listeners also were able to identify the sung and spoken text (excerpts from “The Star-Spangled Banner”) with very few exposures. These results add to the increasing evidence that the high frequencies provide at least redundant information about the vocal signal, suggesting that its representation in communication devices (e.g., cell phones, hearing aids, and cochlear implants) and speech/voice synthesizers could improve these devices and benefit normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners.
Audio-Video Recording of Health Care Encounters for Pediatric Chronic Conditions: Observational Reactivity and Its Correlates

Objectives Audio-video recording of pediatric clinic visits could generate observational reactivity, affecting measures of communication among patients, parents, and clinicians. Methods We measured observational reactivity in a direct observation study of communication during 155 pediatric visits for any of 5 chronic conditions by coding camcorder awareness behaviors and self-report questionnaires. We analyzed associations between observational reactivity and measures of communication behavior and visit quality. Results Directly observed camcorder awareness behaviors (634 events) comprised 0.59% of all coded events (n ¼ 107,668). Younger children displayed these behaviors more often than did older children (F ¼ 6.47; p < .0001). Clinicians’ camcorder awareness declined significantly over successive study visits (t ¼� 2.096; p ¼ .043). Associations of camcorder awareness with objectively scored communication behaviors or self-reported visit quality were negligible. Conclusions Most recordings included slight evidence of participant camcorder awareness. But there was negligible evidence that camcorder awareness influenced clinic visit communication.
Properties of optimal weighted sensitivity designs

Weighted sensitivity designs for a class of single-input/single-output, linear time-invariant systems are shown to have the property that the optimal controller has fewer right-half plane poles than the plant has right-half plane zeros. While weighted complementary sensitivity designs are shown to have the property that the optimal controller has fewer right-half plane zeros than the plant has right-half plane poles. Effects of various choices of weighting functions on the optimal solutions are described. >
The plasma universe

The extrapolation of observed plasma densities, magnetic and electric field strengths, and energies in near-Earth and solar system plasmas to regions beyond the reach of spacecraft has led to the concept of a plasma universe. The importance of applying electromagnetism and plasma physics to the problem of radiogalaxy, galaxy, and star formation derives from the fact that the Universe is largely matter in its plasma state. The motion of this plasma across weak magnetic fields can lead to the generation of electromotive forces, the energy of which can be transported over large distances by Birkeland currents. The dissipation of this energy in localized regions can lead to pinches and condensed states of matter. Where double layers form in the pinches, strong electric fields can accelerate the charged particles to high energies. The evolution of a filamentary plasma universe has been studied, and direct comparisons of simulation, laboratory, space, and astrophysical data have been made. >
THE CAPABILITIES OF PEOPLE WITH COGNITIVE DISABILITIES

People with cognitive disabilities are equal citizens, and law ought to show respect for them as full equals. To do so, law must provide such people with equal entitlements to medical care, housing, and other economic needs. But law must also go further, providing people with disabilities truly equal access to education, even when that is costly and involves considerable change in current methods of instruction. The central theme of this essay is what is required in order to give such people political and civil rights on a basis of genuine equality.
Supporting application-specific resolution in an optimistically replicated file system

We describe an interface to incorporate application-specific knowledge for conflict resolution in an optimistically replicated file system. Conflicts arise in such systems because replicas of an object can be modified simultaneously in different network partitions. Application-specific knowledge is made available by the application writer in specialized tools called Application-Specific Resolvers (or ASRS). The interface we describe here is used to bind ASRs to objects and to specify the conditions under which a specific ASR is invoked. This allows the system to make conflict resolution transparent to the user, thus improving the usability of optimistic replication. >
A multiresolution tracking control design for non-minimum phase systems

This paper investigates inversion of nonminimum phase systems using multiresolution analysis for tracking control. Impulse response of nonminimum phase systems is first decomposed into wavelet basis functions. An efficient representation of the original system is obtained by eliminating insignificant coefficients of wavelet basis functions. A multiresolutional inversion is then designed based on the dual wavelet basis functions to track desired reference signals. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Performance statistics of the HEAR acoustic processor

The HEAR acoustic processor combines standard frequency-domain and cycle-synchronous time-domain parameters. Output segments, usually 10 msec. in length, vary dynamically from .1 msec. to over 100 msec. to capture significant events in the underlying acoustic phone structure. Segment labels are determined by matching against a set of about 200 automatically selected prototypes. Some statistics on the fraction of segments correctly labeled (from a choice of 52 labels) and their most likely confusions are included. Speech recognition results obtained using the HEAR acoustic processor in conjunction with the training and decoding procedures of the IBM Research Continuous Speech Recognition mainline system are presented. On a set of 125 test sentences (1010 words) of the "New Raleigh Language" (artificial language, 250 word vocabulary, perplexity 7.27), the sentence recognition rate is 100%. On a set of 10 test sentences (282 words) of the "Laser-1000 Language" (natural language, 1000 word vocabulary, perplexity 21.1), the word recognition rate is 80%. Although it generally is difficult to ascribe errors to specific system components, three classes of errors are observed: 1) the correct word is not hypothesized; therefore acoustic match is not performed, 10.3% words, 2) the correct word is hypothesized but search is pruned prior to the construction of longer phrases including it, 6.4%, 3) the correct word is hypothesized, fully matched, and rejected in favor of an incorrect word, 3.2%. Errors of the third class are comprised exclusively of short function words (e.g. "the", "of", etc.), 2.2%, and deleted commas (realized acoustically by optional interword pauses), 1.0%.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Knee: Clinical Significance of Common Findings

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the knee is a widely used study that accurately depicts internal derangement. However, the relevance of the findings on knee MRI to the patient's symptoms and clinical course may often be uncertain. This article discusses the clinical significance and natural history of several common findings on knee MRI examinations.
Functional analyses of whale ears: adaptations for underwater hearing

The echolocation ability of several dolphin species is well documented, but little is known about hearing characteristics of most marine mammals. This paper describes the major features of the peripheral auditory system in both large and small whales and presents a three-dimensional morphometric analysis of the inner ear in 12 species. Correlation analyses of inner ear morphometry vs. hearing characteristics in terrestrial and aquatic species for which audiograms are available were applied to dolphin and whale data to derive estimates of hearing ranges of larger, non-captive whales. >
Quantitative ambiguity analysis for matched-field source localization

Matched-field methods find source location by matching the measured signal field. The resulted ambiguity output is often characterized by a multimodal structure. At high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the peak at the true source position is a global maximum and can be located accurately; below some threshold SNR, the true peak is easily obscured by other ambiguous peaks, leading to an increased localization error. To analyze this threshold performance behaviour, a quantitative approach for error analysis is developed in the context of the maximum likelihood estimate (MLE) and generalized to include environmental uncertainty.
From friending to research Using Facebook as a teaching tool

Ihave been a librarian for more than ten years, and, as Matthew McConaughey’s character in “Dazed and Confused” says, “I get older and they [our students] stay the same age.” The further away from our students’ age I get, the less I feel like I am able to connect to them and connect information literacy concepts to them in the ways I could when I was first teaching. I first noticed this when my comparison of subject headings to phone book headings brought glazed looks to the eyes of every student in the classroom. It dawned on me that many of them have never seen or used a phone book. When Facebook launched in 2004, I, like many librarians, thought it would revolutionize the way I communicated with and related to students. I saw possibilities for promotion and outreach and quickly created a Facebook profile in hopes that students would be drawn to my smiling profile picture and would respond in droves to my offers of research help in my “information” section.
Utilizing Walgreen’s world-aids day as an intervention in st. Louis

Eight pharmacy student members of the STLCOP SNPhA chapter coordinated and facilitated the HIV/AIDS health fairs. Students set up a table in a Walgreens location which the concentration of HIV/AIDs cases are estimated by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to be the highest [3]. The table contained educational brochures, gift cards, awareness wrist bands and red ribbons. Customers were given the opportunity to win a Walgreens gift card by answering 6 out of 10 HIV/AIDs related questions correctly. Walgreens presented small bags filled with store-branded items to customers who stopped by the table. The STLCOP SNPhA chapter will continue to partner with Walgreens and provide screening services and education to St. Louis residents in efforts to improve the health and wellness of the community.
The D3 Dopamine Receptor: Neurobiology and Potential Clinical Relevance

Dopamine is a major neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Receptors for this catecholamine are of considerable interest, as they are the principal target of drugs employed in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and Parkinson’s disease. Before 1990, the
Review: A Short History of the Highrise by Katerina Cizek, director

Katerina Cizek, director A Short History of the Highrise Short film and “Op-Doc” for the New York Times launched in October 2013 http://www.nytimes.com/projects/2013/high-rise Henry David Thoreau once noted that “every apartment in which man dwells [should] be lofty enough to create some obscurity where flickering shadows may play at evening about the rafters.”1 Despite the fact that Thoreau abhorred urban life, the existential human quest for magic from the unlikeliest of places—confined living quarters—is similar to that of A Short History of the Highrise , an interactive documentary conceived and directed by Katerina Cizek and published online by the New York Times in the fall of 2013. The short interactive online documentary, which prides itself on placing the human aspects of high-rise life to the fore, is a hearty yet wistful work whose most striking aspect is its visual interpretation of source material. Cizek’s approach to her sources and narrative style itself flickers with a keen sense of play—as well as a certain amount of obscurity. Highrise is an “op-doc” subdivided into four sections, three of which—“Mud,” “Concrete,” and “Glass”—trace a roughly chronological story of multifamily living from Roman times to the present, while a fourth—a slideshow of apartment life contributed by readers—offers an impressionistic picture of contemporary apartment life from an anthropological perspective. The historical sections are narrated by the singer Feist through rhyming verse, which can feel both entertaining …
Tanaidacea (Crustacea: Peracarida) from Japan. IV. Shallow-water species from Akajima with notes on the recolonization potential of tanaids

Two new species of tanaids were collected from colonization traps deployed in a shallow water, sandy habitat off Akajima, Nansei Islands. One new parapseudidaen, Parapseudes arenamans, and one new nototanaidaen genus and species, Paranesotanais longicephalus, are described herein. A preliminary phylogenetic analysis of the closest genera confirms the validity of the new genus and suggests a close affinity between the Leptocheliidae and Nototanaidae. Paranesotanais longicephalus was by far the most abundant species in the habitat. Parapseudes arenamans is faster in colonization of vacant substrate (opportunistic species), while being an inferior competitor to Paranesotanais longicephalus later in succession. A key to Nesotanais and Paranesotanais is provided.
Free-breathing single navigator gated cine cardiac magnetic resonance at 3 T: feasibility study in patients.

BACKGROUND Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) is an important tool to assess cardiac function. However, one of the limitations of CMRI is the need for frequent breath-holding (BH) steps. This may be inconvenient to some patients and limit the use of this modality in patients unable to cooperate because of cognitive reasons or physically incapable of performing the required BH steps. The purpose of this study is to overcome the intrinsic timing and computation limitations of dual-navigator cine imaging and demonstrate the feasibility of free-breathing (FB) cine cardiac left ventricular function with a single-respiratory-navigator gating at 3 T. RESULTS Eight participants underwent cine CMRI with both the conventional 2-dimensional cine BH and FB navigator-gated techniques. Scan parameters were identical, except in the FB technique, in which a respiratory navigator and only 2 signal averages were used. Images were scored for quality. Left ventricular end-systolic volume and end-diastolic volume were calculated. The differences in the end-systolic volume and end-diastolic volume assessed by the BH and FB were not statistically significant with P = 0.9 and 0.2, respectively. There was a good agreement between LV volumes with the limits of agreement (± 2 SD = ± 22.36 mL). Image quality score was not significantly different (P = 0.76). CONCLUSIONS Free-breathing cine imaging utilizing a single-respiratory-navigator gating technique is comparable to conventional BH technique in both qualitative and quantitative imaging measures. Therefore, the FB cine technique can be used as an alternative for children and patients who are unable to hold their breath.
The crystal structure of 10-acetonylphenoxatellurine nitrate, C15H13NO5Te

The crystal structure of C15 H13NO5Te was determined from X-ray diffractometer data. The unit cell is triclinic (BĪ): a = 17.118(5), b = 7.402(2), c = 12.225(2) A, α = 87.96(1), β = 93.31 (1), γ = 92.13(2)° at 22°C, Z = 4/cell, and the conventional R = 0.025 for 2497 independent reflections. The molecule is folded along the Te-ring oxygen axis (135° ). The average Te-ring carbon distance is 2.101 A, the Te-acetonyl carbon distance is 2.129 A and the average C-ring oxygen distance is 1.388 A. The acetonyl group and phenyl rings have normal distances and angles, and the nitrate group is nearly regular, with Te…ONO2 = 2.775 A. The coordination around Te is that of an extremely distorted trigonal bipyramid, with apical positions occupied by one ring carbon and the ONO2 group (167.4°), and two axial positions occupied by the acetonyl carbon and the other ring carbon (94.6°). Coordinates of all hydrogen atoms were determined.
Molecular genetics and industrial microbiology--30 years of marriage.

Thirty years ago, molecular genetics and industrial microbiology joined their hands in marriage. The event took place in Prague at the first Symposium on the Genetics of Industrial Microorganisms. My closing plenary lecture, titled "The Marriage of Genetics and Industrial Microbiology--After a long Engagement, a Bright Future," dealt with industrial uses of mutants, the lack of success with genetic recombination, control of branched and unbranched pathways and thoughts about the future, e.g., identifying the biochemical sites of beneficial mutations, exploitation of recombination and genetic means to increase production of enzymes. It is quite amazing that the Symposium was held 3 years before the advent of recombinant DNA technology. This important meeting was followed in 1976 by the first Genetics and Molecular Biology of Industrial Microorganisms (GMBIM) meeting in Orlando, all of the six subsequent GMBIM meetings being held in Bloomington, Indiana. Today, thousands of biotechnology companies are in existence making great progress in the pharmaceutical and agricultural sectors. Hundreds of new genetically engineered compounds, produced in microbial, mammalian or insect cells, are in clinical trails and many are already being marketed. The field is booming with new technologies such as transgenic animals and plants, site-directed mutagenesis, combinatorial biosynthesis, gene therapy, antisense, abzymes, high-throughput screening, monoclonal antibodies, PCR and many more. Agricultural biotechnology has made great strides but unfortunately its progress is being delayed by political controversy.
Sugar Alcohols VIII. The Oxidative Specificity of Acetobacter Suboxydans.

ConclusionFrom the compounds studied it is apparent that a secondary alcohol, to be oxidized to a ketone by the Acetobacter suboxydans by this procedure, requires a primary alcohol grouping on each adjacent carbon atom. The secondary alcohol group in glycerin only, meets these requirements; therefore, it is concluded that the Acetobacter suboxydansz exhibits an oxidative specificity for the trihydric alcohol, glycerin.
Analysis of the effects of forest Runoff Processes and Water Resources in the Pingtong River Catchment

By applying of Forest Catchment Hydrological Model(FCHM),this paper simulated the forest hydrological effects in the Pingtong watershed.With the increase of forest cover(FR),the evapo-transpiration decreased from 373.3 mm to 289.3 mm but the runoff would increase,resulting in a positive effect of 23.7%.The evaluation was conducted on the carrying capacity of the Pingtong River watershed on basis of the simulated data,and the results showed that the water resource carrying capacity was in the effective range,and there were nearly 200 million cubic meters of water resources available.Thus efficient use of water resources should be planned to promote the economic development of the watershed.
Achieving Adequate Resolution for Storage Phosphor Plate Mammography Using Existing Equipment

The application of storage phosphor radiographic (SR) imagers to breast imaging has been limited by a perceived lack of adequate resolution of these systems when compared to conventional screen-film (SF) mammography. The actual resolution needed to be achieved by SR mammographic systems has remained undefined. Methods used here of direct geometric magnification of the initial exposure combined with image processing to change the degree of film blackness, contrast scale and edge enhancement are shown to provide greater visibility of all structures present in the breast imaging phantom used for American College of Radiology accreditation when compared to conventional screen-film mammography. At a simulated 5.5 × 6.5 Ip/mm resolution, it is possible to obtain two images from a single exposure that together result in a perfect score on the accreditation phantom using the same exposure factors as for a conventional non-magnified grid mammographic view.
Enhancing Resistance Management and Performance of Biorational Insecticides with Novel Delivery Systems in Tree Fruit IPM

Twentieth century delivery systems co-evolved with insecticide discovery to meet the demands of pest management in an era of increasingly mechanized agriculture production. The attributes of ground air-assisted sprayers met the practical demands of farmers to deliver broad spectrum pesticides into large fields of crops in an economical and timely basis. In an age of cheap contact poisons and limited understanding of environmental risks, the logical and optimal placement of insecticides was on the foliar canopy of crops, lending to maximum contact toxicity to the target pests. The twenty-first century has witnessed the development of an array of biorational insecticide chemistries, with performance attributes distinct from those introduced in the twentieth century. None-the-less, farmers have continued to rely upon twentieth century delivery systems to apply both new and old materials, with little consideration of what changes might improve their performance.
Cultural Discontinuity between Home and School and American Indian and Alaska Native Children's Achievement.

ABSTRACTAn assumption of culture-based education with respect to American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) children is that discontinuity between home and school cultures is responsible for educational underachievement. Using data from the 2009 round of the National Indian Education Study, a subset of the larger National Assessment of Education Progress (NAEP), the author constructed a measure of cultural discontinuity and examined its relationship to AI/AN students' Grade 4 and 8 reading and mathematics achievement. Contrary to the cultural discontinuity hypothesis, there is no statistically significant negative relationship when the culture of the home is discontinued at school. On the Grade 4 NAEP reading assessment, in particular, cultural discontinuity was positively associated with students' achievement, net of both student- and school-level controls. Findings suggest that the assumptions of culture-based education may be overstated, though longitudinal data are still needed to be able to make causa...
Familial skin cancer syndromes: Increased risk of nonmelanotic skin cancers and extracutaneous tumors

Nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) represent the most common malignancies worldwide, with reported incidence rising each year. Both cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC), as well as other NMSCs, represent complex diseases with a combination of environmental and genetic risk factors. In general, hereditary cancer syndromes that increase the risk of NMSC fall under several broad categories: those associated with immunodeficiencies, those that affect skin pigmentation, and those that perturb key molecular pathways involved in the pathogenesis of NMSCs. Many of the syndromes are also associated with extracutaneous manifestations, including internal malignancies; therefore, most require a multidisciplinary management approach with a medical geneticist. Finally, dermatologists play a critical role in the diagnosis and management of these conditions, because cutaneous findings are often the presenting manifestations of disease.
The potential of achiral sponge-derived and synthetic bromoindoles as selective cytotoxins against PANC-1 tumor cells.

Abstract Our quest to isolate and characterize natural products with in vitro solid tumor selectivity is driven by access to repositories of Indo-Pacific sponge extracts. In this project an extract of a species of Haplosclerida sponge obtained from the US NCI Natural Products Repository displayed, by in vitro disk diffusion assay (DDA) and IC50 determinations, selective cytotoxicity with modest potency to a human pancreatic cancer cell line (PANC-1) relative to the human lymphoblast leukemia cell line (CCRF-CEM). Two brominated indoles, the known 6-bromo conicamin (1) and the new derivative, 6-Br-8-keto-conicamin A (2), were identified and 2 (IC50 1.5 μM for the natural product vs 4.1 μM for the synthetic material) was determined to be responsible for the cytotoxic activity of the extract against the PANC-1 tumor cell line. The new natural product and ten additional analogs were prepared for further SAR testing.
Update on Bile Acid Malabsorption: Finally Ready for Prime Time?

To provide an update on the prevalence, pathophysiology, disease associations, and treatment options for bile acid malabsorption (BAM). •Molecular mechanisms—BAs prevent water reabsorption and increase water secretion by intracellular mediators, increasing aquaporin channels and intracellular permeability. •Inflammatory bowel disease—new molecular mechanisms of BAM are identified in patients without ileal disease, including changes in expression of ileal BA transporter and nuclear receptors involved in BA homeostasis. •Microscopic colitis—BAM is one of the mechanisms leading to microscopic colitis. •Diagnostic testing—new diagnostic tests have been launched in the USA (serum C4 and fecal 48-h BA excretion); stimulated FGF19 has higher detection of BAM compared to fasting sample alone. •Treatment—investigational FXR agonists may provide a daily, oral option for treatment of BAM instead of BA sequestrants. There is a greater appreciation of the biological role of bile acids across multiple fields of medicine, including gastrointestinal indications.
The Importance of Meaning to Psychology

During the decade since Allport made this statement, Cinderella has emerged from the hearthside and gone to the ball. Yet even her most enamored swains have not succeeded in establishing the precise identity of the glamorous stranger. Scions of sociological, philosophical, anthropological, linguistic, and other families have pursued her, approaching her to varying extents. We must be content for the moment to ignore their competition, and concentrate on the disputes within our own family: psychology. The disputes concerned her identity and how to go about finding her, not the importance of doing so. Only one branch of the psychology family, strict stimulus-response (S-R) behaviorism, has denied the importance of the pursuit, and, as we shall see, even some members of this branch are presently being assailed by twinges of doubt over the denial.
Is the Extracardiac Conduit the Preferred Fontan Approach for Patients With Univentricular Hearts

With improvements in technology, operative technique, and critical care medicine, more and more children with congenital heart disease are surviving into adulthood. As they age, these patients are providing physicians with new challenges, and we are realizing the long-term consequences of our previous interventions. This oftentimes has changed the mode of treatment for subsequent children. Response by Khairy and Poirier on p 2515 Fontan palliation for single-ventricle patients was first described in 1971.1 The original approach was in the form of a classic atriopulmonary Fontan connection, bypassing the nonfunctional right ventricle. After recognizing the long-term complication of an atriopulmonary connection (right atrial dilation, arrhythmias, and thrombus formation), modifications have been made. The atriopulmonary connection has been abandoned in favor of modified Fontan anatomy and physiology. The modified Fontan can be performed by the use of an extracardiac conduit approach or a lateral tunnel approach. The extracardiac Fontan uses an external conduit to anastomose the inferior vena cava into the pulmonary arteries, whereas a lateral tunnel Fontan uses a baffle within the right atrium (Figure 1). Because the systemic venous pathway is completely separated from the right atrium with the extracardiac Fontan, it is more challenging for the electrophysiologist to access the heart for ablation. My aim is to demonstrate why “the extracardiac conduit is the preferred Fontan approach for patients with univentricular hearts.” Figure 1. Left , Lateral tunnel Fontan shows the Fontan pathway inside of the right atrium. Right , Extracardiac Fontan shows the conduit completely separated from the right atrium. The extracardiac Fontan has several advantages over the lateral tunnel Fontan. Minimizing cardiopulmonary bypass and ischemia may optimize early postoperative outcomes. In multiple studies, both prolonged cardioplegic arrest and extended cardiopulmonary bypass times have been associated with an increased risk of early postoperative death or Fontan failure.2– …
Paracloacal Cyst in a Sugar Glider (Petaurus Breviceps)

Abstract A 5-year-old castrated male sugar glider (Petaurus breviceps) was referred for a 2-week history of a left fluctuant pericloacal swelling and intermittent stranguria. Ultrasound of the abdomen and pericloacal area suggested a herniation of the urinary bladder with cystolithiasis. Upon surgical exploration, the bladder was normal, and a paracloacal cyst originating from the left cloacal wall was identified. Removal of the paracloacal cyst and subsequent histopathologic evaluation confirmed a cloacal wall cyst. Recovery from surgery was uneventful and long-term follow-up revealed no complications or recurrence. This is the first reported case of a paracloacal cyst in a sugar glider. Paracloacal cyst should be considered as a differential when presented with a pericloacal mass or swelling in a sugar glider.
Chemophysical Evaluation of Green Sorption Media for Copper Removal in Stormwater Runoff for Improving Ecosystem and Human Health

Green sorption media, which includes the utilization of renewable and recycled materials, can be used as a means for nutrient and copper removal in various low-impact development facilities. In this study, a green sorption media mixture consisting of recycled tire chip, expanded clay, and coconut coir was physiochemically evaluated for copper removal potential in stormwater runoff to deepen the understanding of its application potential. Isotherm, reaction kinetics, and life expectancy tests were conducted using both the media mixture and the individual components of the green sorption media. In addition, the media mixture was analyzed to determine its life expectancy. Isotherm test results revealed that the media mixture follows the Freundlich model and that the coconut coir had the highest affinity for copper. Distinct dynamic adsorption models were explored to determine the most suitable model for implementation based on a column test data set. Five dynamic adsorption models, including the Thomas, Clark, Bohart-Adams, Wolborska, and modified dose-response models, were investigated and the media mixture data collected in the column test were fitted into these five models, leading to the selection of the best model with the highest correlation. The modified dose-response model outperformed others in terms of the overall media mixture and the coconut coir. Life expectancy estimation showed that the media mixture has a life span of 2.13 years with the chosen influent conditions and can be applicable for improving the performance of water quality management in stormwater detention and retention ponds, bioswale, and other stormwater best management practices.
Innovation Strategies Matter: Latin America’s Middle-Income Trap Meets China and Globalisation

Productive transformation from commodity production to higher value added activities is at the heart of the transition from a middle-income to a high income economy. The key is the development of d...
Ultrahigh thermal isolation across heterogeneously layered two-dimensional materials

Heterogeneous integration of nanomaterials has enabled advanced electronics and photonics applications. However, similar progress has been challenging for thermal applications, in part due to shorter wavelengths of heat carriers (phonons) compared to electrons and photons. Here, we demonstrate unusually high thermal isolation across ultrathin heterostructures, achieved by layering atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) materials. We realize artificial stacks of monolayer graphene, MoS2, and WSe2 with thermal resistance greater than 100 times thicker SiO2 and effective thermal conductivity lower than air at room temperature. Using Raman thermometry, we simultaneously identify the thermal resistance between any 2D monolayers in the stack. Ultrahigh thermal isolation is achieved through the mismatch in mass density and phonon density of states between the 2D layers. These thermal metamaterials are an example in the emerging field of phononics and could find applications where ultrathin thermal insulation is desired, in thermal energy harvesting, or for routing heat in ultracompact geometries.
B Cell-Mediated Regulation of Immunity During Leishmania Infection

Intracellular pathogens cause a wide spectrum of clinical disease ranging from mild self-limiting infections to chronic diseases and even acute life-threatening illnesses. T cell-mediated immunity is central to effective immune control of Leishmania infection and the role that B cells and antibodies play in promoting immunopathology during disease associated with chronic Leishmania infection is becoming more clear. However, the role that B cells and antibodies play during a successful immune response may be subtle and range from protecting the host from a robust cell-mediated response to enhancing immune effectiveness. The B cell response may therefore be a significant component of both ineffective and effective immunity to Leishmania infection.
Measuring Heat Waves and Their Effects on Economic Output

We provide novel evidence that accumulated heat exposure affects economic activity in ways that are distinct from shifts in the temperature distribution. We first derive new measures of accumulated heat exposure, which we validate by successfully reproducing well-known heat waves with a global dataset of nearly 1 billion daily temperatures spanning 1979-2016. Using these measures, we find summer heat waves imply lower per-capita output, especially in agriculture. Further, cumulative exposure matters: hot days preceded by several others are significantly more damaging. Estimated agricultural losses from the 2003 France heat wave were 13 times larger than standard approaches suggest.