cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stressful Life Events in Depressed Adolescents: The Role of Dependent Events during the Depressive Episode

ABSTRACT Objective To examine the relationship between stressful life events and major depressive disorder (MDD) in adolescents. Method Adolescents (aged 12 to 18 years) with a current episode of MDD based on Research Diagnostic Criteria (n = 39) and normal controls free of any Axis I lifetime psychiatric disorder (n = 35) were assessed using the Life Events Record. Results MDD and normal control adolescents had similar rates of total stressful life events in the year before being interviewed. Stressful life events were dichotomized into those that were most likely either independent of or dependent on the adolescent's influence/behavior. Depressed adolescents had significantly more dependent stressful life events during the previous year than did the normal controls. Further analyses showed that depressed adolescents with dependent stressful life events scored lower on symptom clusters and accordingly were less severely depressed than depressed adolescents without dependent life events. Conclusions The results of this study indicate that depressed adolescents have an increased risk for experiencing dependent life events. Furthermore, these data suggest that dependent life events in depressed adolescents are differentially associated with the type and severity of symptom presentation. The temporal occurrence, severity, and type of stressful life events as they relate to the onset, phenotypic expression, and maintenance of depression in adolescents need to be more fully understood.
A new look at Hamilton's principle

Hamilton's principle and Hamilton's law are discussed. Hamilton's law is then applied to achieve direct solutions to time-dependent, nonconservative, initial value problems without the use of the theory of differential or integral equations. A major question has always plagued competent investigators who use “energy methods,” viz., “Why is it that one can derive the differential equations for a system from Hamilton's principle and then solve these equations (at least in principle) subject to applicable initial and boundary conditions; but one cannot obtain a solution directly from Hamilton's principle except in very special cases?” This paper provides the answer to that question. In Hamilton's own words, “... the peculiar combination it [i.e., Hamilton's law] involves, of the principles of variations with those of partial differentials, for the determination and use of an important class of integrals, may constitute, when it shall be matured by the future labors of mathematicians, a separate branch of analysis.”
Seedling growth responses to soil resources in the understory of a wet tropical forest

Plant growth responses to resources may be an important mechanism that influences species' distributions, coexistence, and community structure. Irradiance is considered the most important resource for seedling growth in the understory of wet tropical forests, but multiple soil nutrients and species have yet to be examined simultaneously with irradiance under field conditions. To identify potentially limiting resources, we modeled tree seedling growth as a function of irradiance and soil nutrients across five sites, spanning a soil fertility gradient in old-growth, wet tropical forests at La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica. We measured an array of soil nutrients including total nitrogen (total N), inorganic N (nitrate [NO3−] and ammonium [NH4+]), phosphate (PO4−), and sum of base cations (SBC; potassium, magnesium, and calcium). Shade in the forest understory did not preclude seedling growth correlations with soil nutrients. Irradiance was a significant predictor of growth in 52% of the species, inorg...
Psychometric Evaluation of the Menstrual Joy Questionnaire

Analysis of 10 terms in the Menstrual Joy Questionnaire of Delaney, Lupton, and Toth indicated that the 34 undergraduate students did not agree on the definitions of scale items. The authors discuss the use of this questionnaire as a stimulus in experimental research and as a measure of positive perimenstrual experience.
The pontomesencephalotegmental cholinergic system does not degenerate in Alzheimer's disease

The pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmental nuclei comprising the pontomesencephalotegmental (PMT) cholinergic system were examined for the presence of neuropathology and loss of presumed cholinergic cells in patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease-senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (AD-SDAT), Parkinsonian dementia, and multi-infarct dementia. Although neurofibrillary changes and plaque-like entities were observed in both nuclei in AD-SDAT and Parkinson's disease dementia, these pathologic indices were not seen consistently in control individuals or in those with multi-infarct dementia, and in none of the diagnostic categories was loss of neuronal somata found in the PMT cholinergic complex. Because appreciable degeneration of cholinergic neurons does occur in the basal forebrain in AD-SDAT, it is concluded that cholinergic phenotype alone is not a sufficient condition indicating predilection for neuronal loss in that dementing illness.
Relationship between collagen synthesis and expression of the osteoblast phenotype in MC3T3-E1 cells.

The MC3T3-E1 mouse calvaria-derived cell line has been used to study the role of collagen synthesis in osteoblast differentiation. MC3T3-E1 cells, like several previously characterized osteoblast culture systems, expressed osteoblast markers and formed a mineralized extracellular matrix only after exposure to ascorbic acid. Mineralization was stimulated further by β-glycerol phosphate. Ultrastructural observations indicated that the extracellular matrix produced by ascorbic acid-treated cells was highly organized and contained well-banded collagen fibrils. Expression of osteoblast markers followed a clear temporal sequence. The earliest effects of ascorbic acid were to stimulate type I procollagen mRNA and collagen synthesis (24 h after ascorbate addition), followed by induction of alkaline phosphatase (48–72 h) and osteocalcin (96–144 h) mRNAs. Procollagen mRNA, which was expressed constitutively in the absence of ascorbate, increased only twofold after vitamin C addition. In contrast, alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin mRNAs were undetectable in untreated cultures. Actions of ascorbic acid on osteoblast marker gene expression are mediated by increases in collagen synthesis and/or accumulation because (1) parallel dose-response relationships were obtained for ascorbic acid stimulation of collagen accumulation and alkaline phosphatase activity, and (2) the specific collagen synthesis inhibitors, 3,4-dehydroproline and cis-4-hydroxyproline, reversibly blocked ascorbic acid-dependent collagen synthesis and osteoblast marker gene expression.
An analysis of the metal-metal bonding in organodirhenium complexes containing ReRe double bonds

Abstract Fenske-Hall molecular orbital calculations are used to describe the ReRe bonding in the low-valent d 6 -d 6 dimer [CpRe(CO) 2 ] 2 ( 1 ) and the high-valent d 2 -d 2 dimer [HCRe(OH) 2 ] 2 ( 2 ) which are models for recently synthesized compounds. Both 1 and 2 contain ReRe double bonds, corresponding to diamagnetic σ 2 π 4 δ 2 δ *2 π *2 and σ 2 π 2 metal-metal bonding configurations, respectively. The bonding in the hypothetical low-valent/high-valent complex [CpRe(CO) 2 ][Re(CH)(OH) 2 ] is also discussed.
Adatoms on Si(111) and Ge(111) surfaces

First-principles calculations of energy and stress are performed on adatom-covered Si(111) and Ge(111) surfaces. The presence of adatoms is found to lower the surface energy and cause a large change in surface stress. While the 1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1 surfaces are under a weak compressive stress, the \ensuremath{\surd}3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\ensuremath{\surd}3 and 2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2 adatom-covered surfaces are under a strong tensile stress. Calculations at high plane-wave cutoff unambiguously identify the 2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2 top-site geometry as the energetically preferred adatom configuration. Relaxed geometries are presented and compared with x-ray structural measurements of adatoms in the Si(111)-7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}7 structure. Vibrational mode frequencies and eigenvectors of the adatom unit are determined from a comprehensive set of frozen-phonon calculations for the Si 2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2 surface; we find two symmetric modes that are strongly localized at the surface, in agreement with electron-energy-loss--spectroscopy measurements. It is found that the 2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2 adatom-covered surfaces have three surface bands, and the dispersion relations are calculated along symmetry directions in the surface Brillouin zone. The surface band structures are in good agreement with angle-resolved photoelectron-spectroscopy data for the 7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}7-Si(111) surface.
Origin of the Regeneration Blastema in Polychaete Annelids

Since the early part of this century, controversy has surrounded the origin of the cells ot the regeneration blastema in annelids. Cells of the epidermis and reserve mesodermal cells have each been thought to form the entire blastema. With increasing frequency, it is being suggested that in numerous polychaetes each layer of tissue in the regenerate arises from the corresponding old germ layer. Evidence presented here from experiments utilizing techniques of radioautography, histochemistry, X-irradiation, and electron microscopy in addition to histological observation largely supports the last hypothesis. In the light of recent experiments, it appears that the new epidermis and gut arise from the corresponding old tissue. The formation of the mesoderm cannot yet be generalized, but reports indicate that it may arise from dedifferentiated muscle cells, cells of the peritoneal epithelium, and free coelomocytes.
Complications of low-profile dorsal versus volar locking plates in the distal radius: a comparative study.

Purpose Dorsal plating of distal radius fractures with traditional 2.5-mm-thick plates is associated with extensor tendon complications. Consequently, volar locking plates have gained widespread acceptance. A new generation of 1.2- to 1.5-mm, low-profile dorsal plates was designed to minimize tendon irritation. This study examines the complication rates of low-profile dorsal plates compared with volar locking plates. Methods We identified patients with distal radius fractures treated between September 2002 and June 2006 by low-profile dorsal or volar locking plates. Information pertaining to 7 categories of complications (hardware discomfort and pain, tendon irritation/rupture, failure of reduction, infection, complex regional pain syndrome, stiffness, and neuropathy/hypersensitivity) was collected. Complications were defined as any postoperative plating complications requiring additional surgical intervention, whereas those that only caused patient discomfort were considered secondary problems. Results We included 100 patients, comprising 104 plating cases (57 dorsal, 47 volar), in this study. Overall length of follow-up was 44 ± 21 months (range, 12–80 mo). A total of 18 patients (8 dorsal, 10 volar) experienced complications, whereas 47 (25 dorsal, 22 volar) had secondary reports. Three dorsal and 4 volar patients had complete plate removals. Three dorsal and no volar plates had screw removals only. One volar plate (no dorsal plates) had a major tendon rupture (flexor pollicis longus); 3 dorsal and 3 volar plates resulted in tendon irritation complications, and 4 dorsal and 3 volar plates had secondary problems from tendon irritation. None of the above measures approached statistical significance. Volar cases were associated with significantly more neuropathic complications than dorsal cases. Conclusions Dorsal low-profile plates are not associated with significantly more tendon irritation or rupture complications. However, volar plating is associated with a higher rate of neuropathic complications. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic III
Video Teleconferencing in the Compounding Laboratory Component of a Dual-Campus Doctor of Pharmacy Program

Objectives. To design, implement, and assess the effectiveness of using a live video teleconferencing system to connect the main campus and a satellite campus during laboratory compounding exercises in a doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) program. Design. A new laboratory facility with identical equipment and supplies to the main campus was built at the satellite campus and teleconferencing equipment was set up. Students on both campuses prepared 20 compounded formulations over a 5-course pharmaceutical care laboratory sequence. Live video teleconferencing was used for students to ask questions and for the lead faculty instructor to observe the students’ technique. Faculty and staff members and teaching assistants facilitated the laboratory sessions on both campuses. Assessment. The performance of students on assayed products at the main campus was compared with that of students at the satellite campus to ensure program integrity with the compounding laboratory component. The use of video teleconferencing for teaching compounding was successful and no difference in overall student pass rates was seen. The few observed differences in student performance between the 2 campuses were believed to be a result of variations in instructor communication with distant students. Conclusion. Video teleconferencing can be used successfully to deliver curriculum in laboratory compounding to pharmacy students.
Quality of life and independent living and working levels of farmers and ranchers with disabilities.

Abstract Background The status of farmers and ranchers with disabilities has been understudied. Understanding this population's quality of life (QOL) and independent living and working (ILW) levels have the potential to be informative for changes in public policy and service provision. Objective To assess QOL levels among farmers and ranchers with disabilities as well as explore a conceptual model of ILW accounting for variance in QOL levels. Methods Participants (N = 398) included farmers and ranchers with varying disabilities. Descriptive information was gathered using the McGill Quality of Life (MQOL) and ILW measures. The MQOL measure produces an objective and comprehensive profile of one's QOL across several domains. ILW was used to account for variance in QOL scores. We also examined whether there were any differences in QOL and or ILW based on type of disability. Results There were no differences in type of disability and QOL levels. The mean QOL level was 5.50 (SD = 1.67; N = 398). The sample rated support and existential well-being the highest among the QOL subscales, which confounds previous research. Further, age group and ILW accounted for 16.2% of the variance in QOL levels, P Conclusions With this sample of farmers and ranchers with disabilities, age group and ILW account for significant variance in QOL. Health professionals can use these findings to support and assess improvements in clients' ILW, self-determination, and QOL. Future research is needed to explore further the effects of QOL and ILW in this population.
The long-term management of depression

The long-term outlook for patients with unipolar depression is often poor. As few as one-fifth will remain well and a similar number will suffer chronic depression. It is now standard practice to extend acute treatment into a 4–6 month period of continuation therapy, and the value of prophylactic treatment over longer periods is becoming more widely recognised. Care must, however, be exercised in choosing suitable long-term treatment. Relatively little work on the prophylactic efficacy of the tricyclic antidepressants has been carried out, although imipramine has been shown to be effective. The selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been studied extensively and may be the most suitable long-term treatment for depression. Sertraline is effective in preventing both relapse and recurrence of depression and was the first agent specifically indicated for the long-term treatment of depression in the UK. In addition to clinical efficacy, many other factors favour SSRIs in the long-term management ...
Alphavirus RNA Genome Repair and Evolution: Molecular Characterization of Infectious Sindbis Virus Isolates Lacking a Known Conserved Motif at the 3′ End of the Genome

The 3′ nontranslated region of the genomes of Sindbis virus (SIN) and other alphaviruses carries several repeat sequence elements (RSEs) as well as a 19-nucleotide (nt) conserved sequence element (3′CSE). The 3′CSE and the adjoining poly(A) tail of the SIN genome are thought to act as viral promoters for negative-sense RNA synthesis and genome replication. Eight different SIN isolates that carry altered 3′CSEs were studied in detail to evaluate the role of the 3′CSE in genome replication. The salient findings of this study as it applies to SIN infection of BHK cells are as follows: i) the classical 19-nt 3′CSE of the SIN genome is not essential for genome replication, long-term stability, or packaging; ii) compensatory amino acid or nucleotide changes within the SIN genomes are not required to counteract base changes in the 3′ terminal motifs of the SIN genome; iii) the 5′ 1-kb regions of all SIN genomes, regardless of the differences in 3′ terminal motifs, do not undergo any base changes even after 18 passages; iv) although extensive addition of AU-rich motifs occurs in the SIN genomes carrying defective 3′CSE, these are not essential for genome viability or function; and v) the newly added AU-rich motifs are composed predominantly of RSEs. These findings are consistent with the idea that the 3′ terminal AU-rich motifs of the SIN genomes do not bind directly to the viral polymerase and that cellular proteins with broad AU-rich binding specificity may mediate this interaction. In addition to the classical 3′CSE, other RNA motifs located elsewhere in the SIN genome must play a major role in template selection by the SIN RNA polymerase.
Initial mapping of the chicken blood plasma proteome

Proteomics is the study of the entire protein compliment of an organism. The blood plasma is the only tissue in which an organism's entire proteome may be potentially represented. First results toward mapping the broiler plasma proteome are presented here. Blood was taken from eight 18 day-ol d representative commercial broiler chickens. Plasma was isolated from each sample and pooled. For initial sample fractioning a 0.4 µl aliquot of the pooled plasma was run on one dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Based on relative amounts of protein, the gel was divided into three fractions. The proteins were in-gel digested with trypsin. Two-dimensional liquid chromatography in-line with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry was then used for "shot-gun" qualitative plasma proteomics. The resulting tandem mass spectra were then searched against the non-redundant chicken protein database. Generally accepted high stringency statistical criteria for protein identification were used. Eighty-four chicken proteins were identified. Our work demonstrates the future potential for plasma proteomics for identifying biomarkers of disease and production in chickens.
The dispersive modulator - A new concept in optical pulse compression

A description of a new method of optical pulse compression, named the dispersive modulator, is given. In this device, amplitude modulation and temporal compression of light were achieved by passage through a Stark-modulated, near-resonant dispersive medium. The relationship between the dispersive modulator and the chirp compression scheme is discussed. Experimental results on modulation of 10-μ CO 2 and N 2 O laser light, including a case where 100 percent modulation was observed, are presented.
Improving mass spectrometric sequencing of arginine-containing peptides by derivatization with acetylacetone

Modification of arginine residues in bradykinin, [1-5]-bradykinin, splenopentin and two synthetic pentapeptides with acetylacetone (pentane-2,4-dione) significantly increases the relative abundance of sequence-specific fragment ions produced by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI). The fragmentation efficiency as measured by post-source decay in a reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer increases by a factor of 2-3.5. Peptide bonds adjacent to modified residues are more susceptible to cleavage than in the non-derivatized peptide ions. The increased lability of these bonds gives rise to more complete sequence information. In addition, the relative abundances of sequence-specific fragment ions are enhanced. This strategy makes it possible to obtain valuable structural information from arginine-containing peptides that otherwise do not fragment well.
O8 Impact of periodontal therapy (including antiseptics) on tongue coating and malodour

Background Bad breath is often caused by periodontitis and/or tongue coating. This study aimed to follow, over a 6 months period, the impact of periodontal therapy on several parameters linked with oral malodour. Methods In this double-blind, randomized, long-term, parallel study 45 moderate periodontitis patients without obvious tongue coating were enrolled. Besides a ‘one-stage, full-mouth’ disinfection and oral hygiene improvement (including tongue scraping), patients were instructed to rinse with one of the following products (randomly allocated): CHX 0.2% + alcohol (Corsodyl®), CHX 0.05% + CPC 0.05% and no alcohol (Perio.Aid®Maintenance, a new formulation), or the placebo of the latter for 6 months. At baseline and after 3 and 6 months, a serious of parameters was recorded including VSC rating (Halimeter), tongue coating and an estimation of the microbial load (anterior & posterior part tongue, saliva, supragingival plaque). Results Even though the initial VSC values were not high (±90, only 18 patients >100), significant (P < 0.05) reductions could be recorded in the CHX and CHX+CPC group, but only to a minor extent in the placebo group. Tongue scraping resulted in a significant reduction (P ≤ 0.05) of the coating up to month 6 in the placebo and CHX+CPC group, but not in the CHX group. The microbial changes in the placebo group were never significant (≤0.3 log values), even though the tongue had been scraped daily. The CHX and CHX-CPC group showed, in comparison to baseline, significant (P < 0.001) reductions in the number of anaerobic species in the supra gingival plaque, in the saliva and on the anterior part of the tongue. For the posterior part of the tongue the microbial changes remained ≤0.3 log values. Conclusions The results of this study indicate that, in patients with moderate periodontitis, periodontal therapy including tongue scraping did not have a significant effect on the microbial load of the tongue or the VSC level, except when combined with a mouthrinse.
Molecular mechanisms in genetic transformation.

Molecular mechanisms of recombination of genetic material are most readily studied in microorganisms; a great deal is known about recombination of transforming DNA, introduced into the cell from the medium, with DNA inside bacteria. At present, it is doubtful that this type of transformation will be of use in improving crop plants. However, a new technique of making recombinant DNA molecules from two or more highly divergent organisms may turn out to have great practical importance for agriculture.
Contribution of the GTPase Domain to the Subcellular Localization of Dynamin in the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

Caenorhabditis elegans dynamin is expressed at high levels in neurons and at lower levels in other cell types, consistent with the important role that dynamin plays in the recycling of synaptic vesicles. Indirect immunofluorescence showed that dynamin is concentrated along the dorsal and ventral nerve cords and in the synapse-rich nerve ring. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) fused to the N terminus of dynamin is localized to synapse-rich regions. Furthermore, this chimera was detected along the apical membrane of intestinal cells, in spermathecae, and in coelomocytes. Dynamin localization was not affected by disrupting axonal transport of synaptic vesicles in the unc-104 (kinesin) mutant. To investigate the alternative mechanisms that dynamin might use for translocation to the synapse, we systematically tested the localization of different protein domains by fusion to GFP. Localization of each chimera was measured in one specific neuron, the ALM. The GTPase, a middle domain, and the putative coiled coil each contribute to synaptic localization. Surprisingly, the pleckstrin homology domain and the proline-rich domain, which are known to bind to coated-pit constituents, did not contribute to synaptic localization. The GFP-GTPase chimera was most strongly localized, although the GTPase domain has no known interactions with proteins other than with dynamin itself. Our results suggest that different dynamin domains contribute to axonal transport and the sequestration of a pool of dynamin molecules in synaptic cytosol.
Spatiotemporal electrophysiological changes in a murine ablation model.

Aims High recurrence rates after complex radiofrequency ablation procedures, such as for atrial fibrillation, remain a major clinical problem. Local electrophysiological changes that occur following cardiac ablation therapy are incompletely described in the literature. The purpose of this study was to determine whether alterations in conduction velocity, action potential duration (APD), and effective refractory period resolve dynamically following cardiac ablation. Methods and results Lesions were delivered to the right ventricle of mice using a subxiphoid approach. The sham-operated control group (SHAM) received the same procedure without energy delivery. Hearts were isolated at 0, 1, 7, 30, and 60 days following the procedure and electrophysiological parameters were obtained using high-resolution optical mapping with a voltage-sensitive dye. Conduction velocity was significantly decreased at the lesion border in the 0, 7, and 30 day groups compared to SHAM. APD70 at the lesion border was significantly increased at all time points compared to SHAM. Effective refractory period was significantly increased at the lesion border at 0, 1, 7, and 30 days but not at 60 days post-ablation. This study demonstrated that post-ablation electrophysiological changes take place immediately following energy delivery and resolve within 60 days. Conclusions Cardiac ablation causes significant electrophysiological changes both within the lesion and beyond the border zone. Late recovery of electrical conduction in individual lesions is consistent with clinical data demonstrating that arrhythmia recurrence is associated with failure to maintain bi-directional conduction block.
Contactless Dielectric Charging Mechanisms in RF-MEMS Capacitive Switches

This paper investigates the possible dielectric layer polarization mechanisms, which contribute to intrinsic charging effects in capacitive RF MEMS switches. The MEMS switches are operated bellow instability point in order to avoid charge injection, hence to allow the dielectric charging to be induced by dipolar or space charge polarization. The possible contribution of interface charge polarization is also examined. The possibility of separating these mechanisms is investigated. Finally it is demonstrated that these polarization mechanisms are responsible for driving a MEMS switch beyond the instability point although the device is biased bellow the pull-in voltage
The Chondrogenic Potential of Human Bone-Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells*

Mesenchymal progenitor cells provide a source of cells for the repair of musculoskeletal tissue. However, in vitro models are needed to study the mechanisms of differentiation of progenitor cells. This study demonstrated the successful induction of in vitro chondrogenesis with human bone-marrow-derived osteochondral progenitor cells in a reliable and reproducible culture system. Human bone marrow was removed and fractionated, and adherent cell cultures were established. The cells were then passaged into an aggregate culture system in a serum-free medium. Initially, the cell aggregates contained type-I collagen and neither type-II nor type-X collagen was detected. Type-II collagen was typically detected in the matrix by the fifth day, with the immunoreactivity localized in the region of metachromatic staining. By the fourteenth day, type-II and type-X collagen were detected throughout the cell aggregates, except for an outer region of flattened, perichondrial-like cells in a matrix rich in type-I collagen. Aggrecan and link protein were detected in extracts of the cell aggregates, providing evidence that large aggregating proteoglycans of the type found in cartilaginous tissues had been synthesized by the newly differentiating chondrocytic cells; the small proteoglycans, biglycan and decorin, were also detected in extracts. Immunohistochemical staining with antibodies specific for chondroitin 4-sulfate and keratan sulfate demonstrated a uniform distribution of proteoglycans throughout the extracellular matrix of the cell aggregates. When the bone-marrow-derived cell preparations were passaged in monolayer culture as many as twenty times, with cells allowed to grow to confluence at each passage, the chondrogenic potential of the cells was maintained after each passage. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Chondrogenesis of progenitor cells is the foundation for the in vivo repair of fractures and damaged articular cartilage. In vitro chondrogenesis of human bone-marrow-derived osteochondral progenitor cells should provide a useful model for studying this cellular differentiation. Furthermore, the maintenance of chondrogenic potential after greater than a billion-fold expansion provides evidence for the clinical utility of these cells in the repair of bone and cartilage.
Watershed surface and subsurface spatial intraflows model

We present new developments to the original, spatially lumped large basin runoff model (LBRM) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory. In addition to making it a two-dimensional, spatially distributed model, we modify it to allow routing flows between adjacent cells upper soil zones, lower soil zones, and groundwater zones. We modify the LBRM continuity equations for these additional flows and add corresponding corrector terms to the original solution equations. We derive the flow network from elevation and hydrography and the LBRM automatically arranges cell computations. We apply the newly modified LBRM to the Kalamazoo River watershed in Michigan and to the Maumee River watershed in Ohio. The simulations show that the Kalamazoo River has dominant groundwater storage, allowing delayed and sustained hydrologic responses to rainfall whereas the Maumee River lacks any significant groundwater storage, allowing a fast flashy response to rainfall....
Intraspecific competition and the management of the Bristol Bay herring-roe-on-kelp fishery

The Bristol Bay region of Western Alaska is characterized by extreme annual climatic variation. The coast is regularly scoured by pack ice in winter, and storms are frequent both summer and winter. Rocky intertidal areas are covered with dense beds of the perennial alga Fucus (F. distichus?). The Fucus plants form a virtual monoculture from approximately 3 m above mean lower low water (MLLW) to I m below MLLW. There is little apparent zonation in the intertidal compared to that commonly found in more temperate regions. For this reason it was assumed that interspecific competition would have little or no effect, while intraspecific competition would be the primary biological factor controlling the dynamics of this Fucus population.
Efficient Genome Manipulation by Variants of Site-Specific Recombinases R and TD.

Abstract Genome engineering benefits from the availability of DNA modifying enzymes that have different target specificities and have optimized performance in different cell types. This variety of site-specific enzymes can be used to develop complex genome engineering applications at multiple loci. Although eight yeast site-specific tyrosine recombinases are known, only Flp is actively used in genome engineering. To expand the pool of the yeast site-specific tyrosine recombinases capable of mediating genome manipulations in mammalian cells, we engineered and analyzed variants of two tyrosine recombinases: R and TD. The activity of the evolved variants, unlike the activity of the native R and TD recombinases, is suitable for genome engineering in Escherichia coli and mammalian cells. Unexpectedly, we found that R recombinase benefits from the shortening of its C-terminus. We also found that the activity of wild-type R can be modulated by its non-consensus “head” sequence but this modulation became not apparent in the evolved R variants. The engineered recombinase variants were found to be active in all recombination reactions tested: excision, integration, and dual recombinase-mediated cassette exchange. The analysis of the latter reaction catalyzed by the R/TD recombinase pair shows that the condition supporting the most efficient replacement reaction favors efficient TD-mediated integration reaction while favoring efficient R-mediated integration and deletion reactions.
Magnonic crystal as a delay line for low-noise auto-oscillators

It is demonstrated that a delay line based on a one-dimensional magnonic crystal used in a feedback loop of a microwave auto-oscillator can substantially reduce the phase noise figure and improve other vital performance characteristics of the auto-oscillator. The advantage is achieved due to the increase of the effective delay time in the magnonic crystal, compared to the case of an un-patterned yttrium iron garnet (YIG) film, and improvement of the power-handling characteristics due to the now possible increase of the YIG film thickness. The internal modes of a magnonic crystal caused by the periodic energy exchange between the incident and reflected spin waves play the dominant role in the described effect.
Coordination of perception and action in music performance

This review summarizes recent research on the way in which music performance may rely on the perception of sounds that accompany actions (termed auditory feedback). Alterations of auditory feedback can profoundly disrupt performance, though not all alterations cause disruption and different alterations generate different types of disruption. Recent results have revealed a basic distinction between the role of feedback contents (musical pitch) and the degree to which feedback onsets are synchronized with actions. These results further suggest a theoretical framework for the coordination of actions with feedback in which perception and action share a common representation of sequence structure.
Atlantic hurricane season of 2002

Abstract The 2002 Atlantic hurricane season is summarized. Although the season's total of 12 named storms was above normal, many of these were weak and short-lived. Eight of the named cyclones made landfall in the United States, including Lili, the first hurricane to hit the United States in nearly 3 yr.
Transfer Effectiveness of a Driving Simulator

Forty student drivers received various amounts of driving simulator and film-only pretraining to determine the transfer effectiveness of openloop simulation using passive instructors in a driver education program. To measure the effects of previous driving experience, the simulator performance of eight licensed drivers was compared to the student drivers. Early in simulation, licensed drivers exhibited reliably better steering performance than the six-hour simulation pretraining students, but the reverse was true late in simulation. Six hours of pretraining yielded significantly better transfer in terms of overal automobile driving performance on a McGlade Road Test than three hours of pretraining regardless of whether the pretraining included instructional films alone or films used in conjunction with simulators.
Adult children of workaholics: Self-concept, anxiety, depression, and locus of control

Abstract Adult children of workaholics were compared with adult children of nonworkaholics on self-concept, anxiety, depression, and locus of control. Results indicated greater depression and external locus of control among the offspring of workaholics. Children of workaholic fathers not only had greater depression and external locus of control but also scored higher on anxiety. No significant differences were found between children of workaholic mothers and children of nonworkaholic mothers on any of the variables. Self-concept was not related to parental workaholism in any of the comparisons.
A checklist of polyclad flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from the Caribbean coast of Colombia, South America

Although the Polycladida (Platyhelminthes) are prominent members of many reef communities, no comprehensive surveys exist for the Caribbean coast of Colombia. This study represents a first survey of the Colombian polyclad fauna. A total of 25 species were collected from the rocky littoral of the Tayrona National Park, Santa Marta, Colombia. Because color and color patterns represent major taxonomic characters in the classification of polyclads, photographic records were obtained from live specimens prior to fixation. Further taxonomic identification was based on major external features and serial longitudinal sections of the reproductive system. Numerically, Boninia divae Marcus and Marcus, 1968, followed by Styloplanocera fasciata (Schmarda, 1859) were the most abundant species. Not only do all recorded species constitute first records for the Colombian coast of the Caribbean, but Cestoplana rubrocincta (Grube, 1840), Armatoplana divae (Marcus, 1947), Phaenoplana longipenis (Hyman, 1953), Eurylepta aurantiaca Heath and McGregor, 1912, Thysanozoon cf. lagidum Marcus, 1949, and Prosthiostomum gilvum Marcus, 1950 represent first records for the entire Caribbean region. Furthermore, a new combination Phrikoceros mopsus nov. comb. is proposed, and a possible new species of Pleioplana Faubel, 1983 was found.
Dysglycemia and Acute Myocardial Infarction. The Role of Echocardiography

As the worldwide diabetes epidemic continues unabated, physicians and cardiologists involved in the care of these patients face an increasing burden of cardiovascular complications attributable to this disease. The reduced life span in diabetic patients is largely caused by the consequences of
KONJENİTAL TOXOPLASMA GONDİİ ENFEKSİYONU

Hamile kadinlar Toxoplasma gondii enfeksiyonunu genellikle asemptomatik olarak gecirmelerine ragmen bebeklerini enfekte ederek onlarda bu enfeksiyona bagli ciddi sekellere neden olurlar. T. gondii enfeksiyonu fetusda mental retardasyon, havale, korluk ve olum gibi ciddi saglik problemleri ile sonuclanir. Bu saglik problemlerinden bazilari 20`li ve 30`lu yaslara kadar ortaya cikmayabilir. Gebede akut T. gondii enfeksiyonu tanisinda serolojik testler kullanilir. Bu testlerde siklikla yalanci pozitif sonuclara rastlanilir. Bu nedenle potansiyel toksik etkileri olan ilaclarla tedaviye baslamadan once mutlaka pozitif serolojik test sonuclari referans laboratuvarinda dogrulanmalidir. Cogu durumda konjenital toksoplasmosis hamile kadinlarin ve diger dogurganlik yasinda olan kadinlarin cig veya pismemis et urunleri tuketmemeleri, bu tur gidalarla kontaminasyondan kacinmalari ve kontamine toprak veya enfekte kedilerin diski kaplarina maruz kalmalari durumlarinda kendilerini korumalari konularinda egitilmeleri ile onlenebilir.
Glutamate-Promoted Survival in Hippocampal Neurons: A Defect in Mouse Trisomy 16

Micromolar concentrations of glutamate, acting at non-NMDA, kainate-preferring receptors, increased the survival of cultured mouse hippocampal neurons maintained in serum-free, chemically-defined medium. Glutamate in excess of 20 μM was excitotoxic. Thus, the survival versus glutamate dose response relation was bell-shaped with an optimal glutamate concentration near 1 μM. Hippocampal neurons from mice with the genetic defect, trisomy 16 (Ts16), died 2–3 times faster than normal (euploid) neurons. Moreover, glutamate, at all concentrations tested, failed to increase survival of Ts16 neurons. Ts16 is a naturally-occurring mouse genetic abnormality, the human analog of which (Down syndrome) leads to altered brain development and Alzheimer’s disease. These results demonstrate that the Ts16 genotype confers a defect in the glutamate-mediated survival response of hippocampal neurons and that this defect can account for their accelerated death.
State-dependent regulation of breathing by the retrotrapezoid nucleus (872.10)

In this study we stimulated the retrotrapezoidal neurons (RTN) by optogenetics in behaving animals to determine ventilatory responses across sleep and wake states. We targeted the rostral RTN regio...
Jack-in-the-Box Faith: The Religion Problem in Modern American History

It has seldom been possible, much less wise, to assess American history before the Civil War without taking religion seriously. The Puritans fascinated nineteenth-century historians and novelists alike, although the portraits left by Nathaniel Hawthorne and Herman Melville easily outlasted those crafted by George Bancroft or even the truculent Brooks Adams. Then in the 1930s Samuel Eliot Morison and Perry Miller transformed the Puritans' crabbed image by taking them seriously as intellectuals. "Puritanism was one of the major expressions of the Western intellect," Miller proclaimed, and his reassessment stimulated an outpouring of American Puritan studies that continued into the 1990s. This mountainous scholarship not only revised our view of the Puritans, but led to a renaissance in American historical writing generally.1 Historians have long found religion important well beyond New England. For two centuries they have written extensively about Quakers, evangelicals, revivalists, African and Native American religions preserved and destroyed, and spiritually inspired reformers. They have also found religion critical to the American experience not just in New England, but in the middle colonies and states, in the increasingly evangelical South, and on the frontier. Indeed, so much antebellum reform is now traced to Protestant evangelicalism-from abolitionism to women's rights, education, and, still more, temperance-that we may undervalue secular sources for those movements. The scholarship on the pre-Civil War United States read by nearly every American history Ph.D. candidate since the 1950s has long featured religion at almost every critical interpretative point, whether in Edmund S. Morgan's The Puritan Dilemma: The Story of John Winthrop (1958), Rhys Isaac's The Transformation of Virginia, 1740-1790 (1982), Eugene D. Genovese's Roll, Jordan, Roll: The World the Slaves
Metallurgical Behavior of the Metal-IN-P Systems: Implications for the Design of Contacts to Inp

Phase equilibria in the M-In-P (M = transition metal) ternary systems is determined through a combination of thermodynamic calculation and experimentation. Palladium is identified as a particularly attractive metal for contacts to InP. One useful feature of this system for contact design is the occurance of Pd χ InP ternary phases. Additionally, Pdln is found to be in equilibrium with InP and is identified as a promising contact material to InP because of its high melting point, low resistivity, and favorable properties for processing. Progress in the development of Pdln-based contacts to InP is briefly discussed.
The maze behavior of hippocampectomized rats under massed and distributed trials

Twenty-four rats with bilateral hippocampal lesions and 24 intact controls were trained for 12 trials in a Lashley III maze. Half of each group had a 10 sec. intertriai interval and the other half a 10 min. intertrial interval. Results indicated a highly significant lesion effect and a tendency for the hippocampectomized Ss to perform better under the more distributed condition.
Diagnostic Testing in Allergic Diseases

When a medical history is suggestive of an allergic cause, proper testing is performed to identify clinically relevant allergens. The discovery of IgE antibody, along with the recognition of its central role in the allergic reaction, has established the identification of allergen-specific IgE as the key to the diagnosis of allergic diseases. Both in vivo skin testing and laboratory allergy testing are designed to detect allergen-specific IgE, although the pathophysiology of allergy is far more complex than just an IgE-mediated condition. Diagnostic testing for nonIgE-mediated allergic reactions and for allergies with predominant late-phase reaction and challenge testing with food or other allergens are beyond the scope of this chapter. Likewise, diagnostic tests for autoimmune conditions and immunodeficiencies are discussed in other chapters.
American psychiatry celebrates 150 years of caring.

The history of the treatment of the mentally ill goes back to antiquity. The history of organized psychiatry in the western hemisphere begins with the founding of the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1844 as an organization of hospital superintendents. This year marks the sesquicentennial anniversary of the APA, an organization dedicated to the improvement of diagnosis, treatment, and care of the mentally ill. Presented here is a short history of both psychiatry and the APA, and a review of the APA’s commemoration of this special anniversary.
Evaluation of degree-day and Julian-day logistic models in predicting cabbage maggot (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) emergence and flight in upstate New York

A 2 yr (1999–2000) study using water-pan traps in the field indicated four generations, including the spring generation, of cabbage maggot adults, Delia radicum (L.), in upstate New York. On averag...
Using Experience-Based Design to Improve the Care Experience for Patients With Pancreatic Cancer

Purpose:Despite the importance of the patient care experience to quality and outcome, the literature detailing the care experience in patients with pancreatic cancer is limited.Methods:To elicit the experience of patients with pancreatic cancer for care redesign, we deployed experience-based design, an emerging methodology based on identification of events of high emotional content, known as touch points, to delineate qualitatively what matters most to patients and families. We defined touch points through direct observations, interviews, and a focus group. We then used experience questionnaires to measure emotional content and develop an experience map to graphically display the fluctuating emotional journey through the care processes. Study subjects were patients with pancreatic cancer who were cared for at Virginia Mason Medical Center, family caregivers, and staff. Redesign was initiated through an all-day improvement event in September 2013.Results:During 2013 and 2014, we cared for 485 new patients ...
Assistive Technology for Students With Disabilities A Legal Analysis of Issues

Individualized Education Program (IEP) teams are required by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) to consider a student’s need for assistive technology (AT). Despite this legal requirement, AT supports are often not available to students with disabilities. Many students with disabilities and their families have addressed the failure to consider and provide AT supports through litigation. The purpose of this article is to examine the case law pertaining to the assessment, selection, and provision of AT learning supports for students with disabilities. A legal analysis was conducted to determine litigation themes. Based on these results, several recommendations for IEP teams are proposed.