cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Work-Health Management Interference for Workers with Chronic Health Conditions: Construct Development and Scale Validation

A large and growing percentage of working adults has one or more chronic health conditions (CHCs). One under-appreciated issue for workers with CHCs is experiencing competing, incompatible pressures from the need to manage one’s health condition and the need to manage one’s work responsibilities. We refer to this as work-health management interference (WHMI). Despite its potential significance to the working lives of many people, scarce research has addressed WHMI. In this study, we explained the construct of WHMI, developed and evaluated a WHMI measure, and tested its relationships with work-related outcomes. We found support for time- and energy-based WHMI in workers with CHCs using qualitative (N = 35) and quantitative (including lagged) data samples (N = 204, N = 250, and N = 158). As expected, time- and energy-based WHMI positively related to work-family conflict and health condition severity, and negatively related to boundary flexibility. Energy-based WHMI predicted variance in work burnout beyond time-based WHMI and work-family conflict in all three samples, and energy-based WHMI predicted variance in work withdrawal beyond time-based WHMI and work-family conflict in two of three samples. Energy-based WHMI also predicted variance in perceived work ability beyond time-based WHMI and work-family conflict. A high level of WHMI signals a need for intervention for the individual (through education, coaching, job accommodations, etc.) and/or the organization (through supervisor training, implementing flexibility, etc.) to promote healthier and more sustainable employment for affected individuals.
Illusions, Delusions, and Your Backwards Bayesian Brain: A Biased Visual Perspective

The retinal image is insufficient for determining what is "out there," because many different real-world geometries could produce any given retinal image. Thus, the visual system must infer which external cause is most likely, given both the sensory data and prior knowledge that is either innate or learned via interactions with the environment. We will describe a general framework of "hierarchical Bayesian inference" that we and others have used to explore the role of cortico-cortical feedback in the visual system, and we will further argue that this approach to "seeing" makes our visual systems prone to perceptual errors in a variety of different ways. In this deliberately provocative and biased perspective, we argue that the neuromodulator, dopamine, may be a crucial link between neural circuits performing Bayesian inference and the perceptual idiosyncrasies of people with schizophrenia.
Transmission Simulator Based MIMO Response Reconstruction for Vehicle Subcomponents

This report summarizes the work performed at the University of Wisconsin-Madison in evaluating a new testing methodology for recreating the response of a component that is connected at multiple points to another structure. The goal is to account for both the change in impedance when the component is mounted to the shaker, and on faithfully reproducing the environment. The change in impedance will be matched by using the transmission simulator method, which is a process for experimental to analytical substructuring. The environment will then be replicated by using MIMO multi-axis testing. Results from applying this methodology to a two-dimensional Frame on C-beam setup achieved respectable accuracy in recreating the environmental response of a subcomponent.
EXAFS and XANES Investigations of Trace V and Ti in Coal

Coal contains nearly the entire periodic table as impurity elements. While the common inorganic elements found in coal can be accounted for in the major minerals, the chemical and structural environments of many of the trace elements (i.e., those with a concentration ~1000 ppm) cannot be confidently determined by conventional microscopic, spectroscopic and diffraction techniques. Although an element may occur in only a trace amount it may have significant technological impacts on coal conversion processes through its effects on corrosion, catalyst poisoning, and fugitive emissions. In this paper, we report a combined application of XANES and EXAFS spectroscopy to probe the chemical and structural environment of trace V and Ti in coal.
Stable self trapping and ring formation in polydiacetylene para-toluene sulfonate

Summary form only given. We now report numerical simulations of beam propagation in polydiacetylene para-toluene sulfonate (PTS), using measured refractive index values, and demonstrate stable self-trapping and a new phenomenon in which a Gaussian input beam evolves into an expanding spatial ring and interpret these results in the context of the variational model of nonlinear Gaussian beam propagation. We also show preliminary experimental results suggesting the presence of ring formation.
A passionate management scholar

Purpose – This article aims to present the second part of an interview with Dr Xiao-Ping Chen. The focus is on her experience in, and insight on, Chinese management research. Design/methodology/approach – This paper is based on a recent interview with Dr Xiao-Ping Chen. Findings – Dr Xiao-Ping Chen shared her research experience and insight in the following aspects: identifying topics in Chinese management research, collaborating with Chinese domestic scholars, and approaching a research question or idea to make research fruitful with evolving research agenda on Chinese guanxi. She also shared her insights on exploring new research topics vs following or extending others' ideas, and how the gap between research and practice might be bridged. Research limitations/implications – Dr Chen's research experience and insights provide an exemplary case for junior scholars to deal with the challenges in conducting and publishing Chinese management research, particularly in how to take an “insider's view” in identifying and engaging in interesting and valuable research. Originality/value – The interview profiles a picture of a scholar in Chinese management research.
IRAS Observations of the Interplanetary Dust Emission

The Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) has completed a sensitive, highly redundant survey of the full sky in four broad photometric bands at 12, 25, 60, and 100 micrometers wavelength. The survey measured interplanetary dust emission over elongation angles ranging from 60 to 120 degrees. Bright emission from the main cloud is consistent with optically thin blackbody emission. The grains are evidently quite black, with an “apparent albedo” of about 0.07. The data show clear evidence for deviation of the dust symmetry surface from the ecliptic plane. Surprising bands of emission were discovered near the ecliptic plane and about ten degrees on either side of it. The heliocentric distance of this material, suggested to be asteroidal in origin, is inferred to be about 2.5 AU from both color temperature and parallax measurements.
A sine/cosine direct digital frequency synthesizer using an angle rotation algorithm

A quadrature direct digital frequency synthesizer (DDFS) produces 16 b sine and cosine outputs with a spurious-free dynamic range greater than 100 dBc and a tuning resolution of 0.0015 Hz at a sample rate of 100 MHz. The prototype IC contains 58,000 transistors in a core area of12 mm/sup 2/ in 1.0 /spl mu/m CMOS and dissipates 1.4 W at 100 MHz. Instead of table lookup, an angle-rotation algorithm implemented as a multiplierless feedforward datapath is used that allows easy pipelining and limits the accumulation of roundoff errors. The modular architecture permits outputs of arbitrary precision by cascading enough angle rotation stages in the datapath. The IC has a 36 b frequency control word giving a tuning resolution of 0.0015 Hz at 100 MHz. To achieve the 100 MHz clock rate in 1.0 /spl mu/m CMOS, the phase accumulator is partitioned into 22 b and 14 b carry-select adder sections. The accumulator output is truncated to 22 b providing greater than 100 dB SFDR.
Fiduciary Rationality and Public Policy: The Theory of Agency and Some Consequences

This paper introduces the theory of agency, identifies key concepts, relationships, and logics of agency. Norms of agency are identified and discussed, including the fiduciary norm. Problems of agency are identified and discussed. Applications of agency theory are made to regulation, the legislative representative, and diplomacy.This 1973 paper was the first to identify many of the central concepts and logics associated with the theory of agency and was the first to make applications to social institutions. This paper and Stephen Ross's 1973 paper were the first to explicitly propose agency theory, and this paper was also the first to develop the approach in an extended way. This paper is posted in order to make it generally available to scholars interested in the theory of agency.
A Variational Bayesian Approach for Dosage Regimen Individualization

Abstract Clinical trials generate a vast amount of data which is rarely exploited for improving therapeutic treatments. A Bayesian approach has been developed by Lainez et al. (2011) for determining individualized dosage regimens. This method combines knowledge of the population of patients (the Prior, which is constructed from the clinical trials data) with measurements from the patient (the Likelihood) to produce a patient specific probability distribution (the Posterior). This posterior is then used to define dosage regimens for which the drug concentration in the blood is kept within the therapeutic window at a given confidence level. Monte Carlo approaches used to perform this analysis can be computationally demanding. Hence, we propose an alternative optimization procedure based on variational Bayesian inference. A computational performance study comparing these two approaches is reported using pharmacokinetic data from Gabapentin, a therapeutic agent for treating convulsive diseases. Since the Bayesian approach has been also used in developing kinetics models for catalytic and polymerization applications, the conclusions of this study may have general relevance beyond the pharmacokinetic domain.
Use of Inelastic Spectra in Aseismic Design

Modal analysis with inelastic response spectra is often used to design multistory frames subjected to earthquake motions. To evaluate the effectiveness of this approach, three different frames were designed using smooth inelastic spectra derived according to the Newmark-Hall rules for ductility factors of two and four. These frames were analyzed with an inelastic dynamic analysis program for three different artificial motions generated to match the design spectra. It was found that this design procedure fails to reflect variation of yielding patterns or local concentration of inelastic action. Curvature ductility factors at several locations exceed significantly the design ductility level. Axial forces in exterior columns produced by inelastic response can be larger than what inelastic spectra modal analysis predicts, leading to reduced plastic moment capacities and increased ductility demands. It appears that spectral modification factors could be used for local ductility control.
Tommy Gold Revisited: Why Does Not The Universe Rotate?

Understanding gravitational collapse requires understanding how $\sim 10^{58}$ nucleons can be destroyed in $\sim 10^{-5}$ seconds. The recent proposal that the endpoint of gravitational collapse can be a "dark energy star" implies that the mass-energy of the nucleons undergoing gravitational collapse can be converted to vacuum energy when one gets near to conditions where classical general relativity predicts that a trapped surface would form. The negative pressure associated with a large vacuum energy prevents an event horizon from forming, thus resolving the long-standing puzzle as to why gravitational collapse always leads to an explosion. An indirect consequence is that the reverse process - creation of matter from vacuum energy - should also be possible. Indeed this process may be responsible for the "big bang". In this new cosmology the observable universe began as a fluctuation in an overall steady state universe. The fluctuations in the CMB in this picture are the result of quantum turbulence associated with vorticity. This explanation for the CMB fluctuations is superior to inflationary scenarios because there is a natural explanation for both the level of CMB fluctuations and the deviation from a scale invariant spectrum at large scales.
Compliance with topical nasal medication – An evaluation in children with rhinitis

Wong IYZ, Soh SE, Chng SY, Shek LP-C, Goh DYT, Van Bever HPS, Lee BW. Compliance with topical nasal medication – An evaluation in children with rhinitis. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2010: 21: 1146–1150. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S It is our impression that children with rhinitis often dislike or struggle with the administration of topical nasal sprays and drops. This study aims to investigate children’s acceptance of topical nasal sprays/drops, and to identify patient factors that may affect their acceptance. An interview (by WYZI) questionnaire survey was carried out on parents/guardians of children aged 1–15 with rhinitis, where information on the diagnosis and treatment, patients’ use and responses to these medications, and their preferred treatment routes were collected. Two hundred questionnaires were completed, of which 194 were valid for analysis. The mean age of patients was 7.54 yr; male to female ratio was 1:1.6, and Chinese made up the majority (62.4%). About one quarter (24.7%) of children disliked the use of topical nasal sprays/drops sufficiently to affect compliance with the medication. Furthermore, of those who could indicate their preferred route of drug administration (n = 75), 73% indicated a preference for oral medication, while only 11% preferred the nasal route. Topical nasal sprays/drops were more acceptable in older children (7–15 yr) compared to the younger ones (1–6 yr) (OR = 2.383, CI 1.223–4.644). The acceptance of nasal sprays/drops was not associated with gender, ethnic group, concurrent use by other family members, length and amount of usage, and the response to therapy. A substantial proportion of children prescribed topical nasal sprays/drops did not find it acceptable. Age played a significant factor to the acceptance of the use of topical nasal sprays/drops.
Protection from What? Investor Protection and the JOBS Act

The protection of investors is a preeminent goal of federal securities regulation in the United States, yet a basic question about investor protection has been all but ignored: what harms are securities regulations intended to protect investors from? This Article seeks to answer this basic question.The four distinct, but related, harms from which securities regulations might be intended to protect investors are: 1) fraud, 2) an unlevel informational playing field, 3) the extraction of private benefits from the firm by firm insiders, and 4) investors’ propensity to make unwise investment decisions. Concern about each of these harms was a significant factor when the federal securities statutes were first enacted, and these concerns continue to influence securities regulation policy-making today.What benefits are provided by identifying the particular harms which underlie investor protection concerns? The JOBS Act offers an opportunity to address this question. Three features of the JOBS Act are analyzed: 1) provisions that create a new category of public issuer, the emerging growth company, 2) provisions that permit the public solicitation of investors in conjunction with Rule 506 offerings, and 3) provisions that make it easier for firms to avoid federal periodic disclosure obligations. Each of these JOBS Act provisions are analyzed from the perspective of the particular harms securities regulations might protect investors from. Carrying out this analysis generates several important new ideas about how to improve the JOBS Act.These findings illustrate how a better understanding of the harms to investors that underlie investor protection concerns can improve securities regulation policy-making.
Deep brain stimulation for psychiatric disorders: where we are now

Fossil records showing trephination in the Stone Age provide evidence that humans have sought to influence the mind through physical means since before the historical record. Attempts to treat psychiatric disease via neurosurgical means in the 20th century provided some intriguing initial results. However, the indiscriminate application of these treatments, lack of rigorous evaluation of the results, and the side effects of ablative, irreversible procedures resulted in a backlash against brain surgery for psychiatric disorders that continues to this day. With the advent of psychotropic medications, interest in invasive procedures for organic brain disease waned. Diagnosis and classification of psychiatric diseases has improved, due to a better understanding of psychiatric patho-physiology and the development of disease and treatment biomarkers. Meanwhile, a significant percentage of patients remain refractory to multiple modes of treatment, and psychiatric disease remains the number one cause of disability in the world. These data, along with the safe and efficacious application of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for movement disorders, in principle a reversible process, is rekindling interest in the surgical treatment of psychiatric disorders with stimulation of deep brain sites involved in emotional and behavioral circuitry. This review presents a brief history of psychosurgery and summarizes the development of DBS for psychiatric disease, reviewing the available evidence for the current application of DBS for disorders of the mind.
Strengthening the employment relationship: The effects of work-hours fit on key employee attitudes

Summary Today’s hourly workers are facing revised work schedules and shifting hours, which may have critical implications for employment relationships. This study considers the impact of work-hours fit on key attitudes of hourly employees—perceived organizational support, job stress, work–family conflict, intent to turnover, and life satisfaction. We define work-hours fit as the difference between an employee’s desired number of hours and the actual hours worked, and we examine both the congruence of work-hours fi ta nd the degree of misfit. We also examine the moderating impact of the type of misfit, defined as working too many versus too few hours. Results indicate that, in our sample, hourly employees are typically not working the hours they prefer. As predicted, work-hours fit impacts the attitudes we examined, and, when considering the type of misfit, congruence matters more for life satisfaction and intent to turnover. Results also indicate working too few hours impacts job stress and life satisfaction, whereas working too many effects work–family conflict. This paper demonstrates the importance of preferences, as a reflection of time/money resource trade-offs, and offers ways for employers to improve work–family facilitationand strengthen their employment relationships. Copyright © 2014JohnWiley& Sons, Ltd.
Pseudohypacusis: False and exaggerated hearing loss

Pseudohypacusis: False and Exaggerated Hearing Loss (FEHL) by James E. Peck currently is the only book available that is dedicated entirely to this clinical population. The author provides a comple...
BALMER EMISSIONS INDUCED BY PROTON IMPACT ON MOLECULAR HYDROGEN

Absolute cross sections for the production of ${\mathrm{H}}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}}$, ${\mathrm{H}}_{\ensuremath{\beta}}$, and ${\mathrm{H}}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}$ emissions by proton impact on molecular hydrogen have been measured. Emissions produced through the process of electron capture into excited states by fast protons are Doppler shifted from emissions produced through dissociative excitation of the target gas, which allows separate measurements of these processes. Comparisons are made with theoretical calculations of proton impact on atomic hydrogen.
Role of Solution Chemistry in Determining the Morphology and Photoconductivity of Electrodeposited Cuprous Oxide Films

Electrodeposition of single-phase, crystalline Cu2O thin films is demonstrated using acidic lactate/Cu2+ solutions. Relative speciation distributions of the various metal complex ions present under different growth conditions are calculated using reported equilibrium association constants and supported experimentally by UV–vis absorption spectroscopy. Cu2O films grown from acidic lactate solutions can exhibit a distinctive flowerlike, dendritic morphology in contrast to the faceted, dense films obtained using alkaline lactate solutions. Dependence of thin film morphology on the lactate/Cu2+ molar ratio and the applied potential is described. Hot point probe measurements have been used to determine the p-type conductivity of these Cu2O films. A short circuit current density of 23 μA/cm2 under 0.583 mW/cm2 monochromatic green light emitting diode (LED) illumination was measured for a Cu2O film grown at pH = 5.27, which was substantially larger than that of a Cu2O film deposited under basic conditions.
DIFFERENTIAL USE OF CONSTRAINING QUESTIONS BY GENDER AND MATRIX

Summary.-This study concerned gender differences in questioning strategies involving problem-solving matrices. 131 college age students were tested in a 20-question game procedure using three types of matrices with unknown targets. Analysis of variance yielded a significant 2-way interaction for gender and strategy. Findings were discussed in terms of hypothesis-seeking questions and cognitive tempo. The concepts of hypothesis-seeking and constraining questions have been related to problem-solving strategies when uncertainties were involved. Mosher and Hornsby (1966) and Eimas (1970) described hypothesis-seeking questions as a less developmentally advanced strategy that tested a specific, self-sufficient hypothesis having no relationship to previous questions and answers. Constraining questions were described as a cognitive strategy that employed general questions relating to previous questions which eliminated a number of possible alternatives in a given array of uncertain stimuli. Mosher and Hornsby (1966) demonstrated developmental effects in question strategies in children and adolescents by increased use of constraining questions over hypothesis-seeking types with age. Eimas (1970), however, noted that even college students failed to adopt consistently the optimal questioning strategy more than 50% of the time. Siegler (1977) suggested that the model needed to be based on problems relating to real-world knowledge if strategy outcome was to be consistent with cognitive developmental progress. Eimas (1970) proposed that Vygotsky's stages (1962) could account for developmental changes in information processing by which word and thought progressed from syncretic to complexive to conceptual stages. Eimas surmised that "focusing" (i.e., information processing) by the child would be unhkely until thought was organized conceptually and expressed by concepts rather than "syncretic conglomerations of individual objects." He found efficiency of information-processing strategies by the reduction of uncertainty, measured by expected information, incidence of categorical solutions and focusing solutions, was attributed t6 (a) developmental level, with adults the most efficient but not necessarily fully mature in focusing, and (b) saliency of stimuli in various types of matrices. Although strategy and matrix type related to the form of questions, gen
Crystal structure of Li0.33MoO3, a stoichiometric, triclinic, lithium molybdenum bronze

The crystal structure of Li/sub 0.33/MoO/sub 3/, the first structurally well-characterized triclinic bronze, has been determined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. Li/sub 0.33/MoO/sub 3/ crystallizes in space group P1 with a = 13.079(2), b = 15.453(2), c = 7.476(1) A, a = 96.97(2), ..beta.. = 106.56(2), ..gamma.. = 103.368(9)/sup 0/, Z = 24, and R/sub F/ = 0.032 for 10,664 reflections with F/sub 0//sup 2/ greater than or equal to 3sigma(F/sub 0//sup 2/). Distorted lithium and molybdenum octahedra form V/sub 2/O/sub 5/-type layers parallel to the ac plane. Each layer contains six unique MoO/sub 6/ units and two unique LiO/sub 6/ units. Four such layers, two of which are unique, are interconnected through edge and corner sharing to form a three-dimensional network structure. The location of lithium atoms at completely occupied octahedral sites establishes the stoichiometric composition LiMo/sub 3/O/sub 9/. Examination of the structure suggests that Li/sub 0.33/MoO/sub 3/ should be a semiconductor except along c where metallic conduction is possible.
The association between language proficiency and outcomes of elderly patients with asthma

Abstract Background Asthma is a growing cause of morbidity for elderly Americans and is highly prevalent among Hispanic people in the United States. The inability to speak English poses a barrier to patient–provider communication. Objective To evaluate associations between limited English proficiency, asthma self-management, and outcomes in elderly Hispanic patients. Method Elderly patients with asthma receiving primary care at clinics in New York City and Chicago were studied. Results Of 268 patients in the study, 68% were non-Hispanic, 18% English-proficient Hispanic, and 14% Hispanic with limited English proficiency. Unadjusted analyses showed that Hispanic persons with limited English proficiency had worse asthma control ( P = .0007), increased likelihood of inpatient visits ( P = .002), and poorer quality of life ( P P = .006). Similar results were obtained in multiple regression analyses adjusting for demographics, asthma history, comorbidities, depression, and health literacy. Conclusion Limited English proficiency was associated with poorer self-management and worse outcomes among elderly patients with asthma. Further understanding of mechanisms underlying this relationship is necessary to develop interventions that improve asthma outcomes in this vulnerable population.
Inactivation of a Serotonin-Gated Ion Channel by a Polypeptide Toxin from Marine Snails

The venom of predatory marine snails is a rich source of natural products that act on specific receptors and ion channels within the mammalian nervous system. A 41-amino acid peptide, final sigma-conotoxin GVIIIA, was purified on the basis of its ability to inactivate the 5-HT3 receptor, an excitatory serotonin-gated ion channel. final sigma-Conotoxin contains a brominated tryptophan residue, which may be important for peptide activity because the endogenous ligand for the 5-HT3 receptor is a hydroxylated derivative of tryptophan. final sigma-Conotoxin inactivates the 5-HT3 receptor through competitive antagonism and is a highly selective inhibitor of this receptor. Serotonin receptors can now be included among the molecular targets of natural polypeptide neurotoxins.
A finite exact algorithm for epsilon-core membership in two dimensions

Abstract Given a set V of voter ideal points in the plane, a point x is in the epsilon core if for any other point y , x is within epsilon of being as close as y is to at least half the voters in V . The idea is that under majority rule x cannot be dislodged by any other point y if x is given an advantage of epsilon. This paper provides a finite algorithm, given V , x , and epsilon, to determine whether x is in the epsilon core. By bisection search, this yields a convergent algorithm, given V and x , to compute the least epsilon for which x is in the epsilon core. We prove by example that the epsilon core is in general not connected because the least epsilon function has multiple local minima.
Switching robotic surgical systems does not impact surgical performance.

ABSTRACT Background: Robotic surgery is heavily dependent on the availability of, and innovation in, technology. As new robotic systems become available, it will be important to identify the impact...
Effect of processing high moisture ear corn on ruminal fermentation and milk yield

Thirty-six multiparous dairy cows (8 fitted with ruminal cannulas) and 16 primiparous dairy cows were blocked by days in milk and parity and assigned to one of four diets containing 53% alfalfa silage [dry matter (DM) basis] plus 1) high moisture ear corn, 2) high moisture ear corn plus expeller soybean meal, 3) ground high moisture ear corn, or 4) ground high moisture ear corn plus expeller soybean meal. The high moisture ear corn was rolled before ensiling at 68% DM. Ground high moisture ear corn was prepared by further grinding through a 9.5-mm screen; grinding reduced the geometric mean particle size from 4.33 to 1.66 mm. Diets contained 1.69 Mcal of net energy for lactation/kg of DM. Relative to cows fed diet 1, milk yield was 4 kg/d greater for cows fed diet 2; numerically, milk yield was about 2 kg/d greater for cows fed diets 3 and 4 than for cows fed diet 1. Yield of milk components also was greater for cows fed diets 2 and 3 but not for cows fed diet 4. Intake of DM and yield of 4% FCM were greatest for cows fed diet 3 and lowest for cows fed diet 1. Digestibilities of DM, organic matter, starch, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber were increased, and ruminal NH3 concentration was depressed, by the grinding of high moisture corn; expeller soybean meal increased ruminal NH3. Total volatile fatty acid concentration was not different among in vivo treatments, but the molar proportion of acetate decreased, and propionate increased, for cows fed diet 3. The grinding of high moisture corn significantly decreased pH, increased total volatile fatty acid concentration, and increased the rate of decline of NH3 concentration in ruminal in vitro incubations. Grinding improved the utilization of high moisture corn by lactating cows by stimulating ruminal fermentation.
Phase II trial and pharmacokinetic evaluation of cytosine arabinoside for leptomeningeal metastases from breast cancer.

Purpose: To determine the efficacy and pharmacokinetics of intraventricular cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) as front-line treatment for leptomeningeal metastases from breast cancer. Methods: Ten patients newly diagnosed with leptomeningeal metastases (LMM) from breast cancer were treated with 100 mg intraventricular cytosine arabinoside (IVT Ara-C) via an Ommaya reservoir. Treatment was administered three times a week for 2 weeks, then once a week for 4 weeks, and then once every 6 weeks for four cycles to responding patients. Nine patients were evaluable clinically, and seven patients underwent testing to determine the pharmacokinetic profile of Ara-C in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Results: Two patients had partial responses lasting 9 and 40 weeks, respectively. Two other patients had stable disease. The median survival duration was 30 weeks (range: 5–58 weeks). Seven patients died from LMM. Acute toxic effects associated with IVT Ara-C included meningismus, nausea, vomiting, and myelosuppression. The median peak Ara-C level in CSF was 16.69 ± 6.30 mM (SD). The half life for elimination was 1.45 ± 0.61 h (SD) There was no drug accumulation between courses. Neuropsychological evaluations were completed in eight patients, six (75%) of whom had preexisting cognitive deficits. Their condition generally improved over the course of treatment until the LMM progressed. No neurotoxic side effects of IVT Ara-C were observed in the two patients who had normal baseline cognitive assessments. Conclusions: IVT Ara-C at this dose and schedule has minimal activity as initial treatment for LMM from breast cancer despite achievement of high peak levels of the drug in the cerebrospinal fluid. A liposomal Ara-C formulation is currently under investigation.
Results of a clinical trial of G-28315, a sulfoxide analog of phenylbutazone, as a uricosuric agent in gouty subjects.

Two analogs of phenylbutazone, labelled G-25671 and G-28315, have been shown to have potent uricosuric effects. This report concerns the therapeutic properties in 44 patients of G-28315, which is a sulfoxide metabolite of G-25671. Although the effects of this agent compared favorably with probenecid, the periods of administration were not sufficiently long to exclude toxicity. Duo analogos de phenylbutazona, identificate como G-25671 e G-28315, se ha monstrate potente como agentes uricosuric. Le presente reporto conceme le proprietates therapeutic de G-28315 (un metabolito sulfoxydic de G-25671), observate in essayos con 44 patientes. Ben que le effectos esseva comparabile a illos de probenecido, le cursos de administration non esseva satis extense pro excluder toxicitate.
Effects of Student-Written Questions on Student Test Performance.

Effects of student-written test questions on student test performance were examined in an introductory Psychology class. Before each of three tests, randomly assigned students wrote essay questions, multiple-choice questions, or no questions. All tests contained essay and multiple-choice items but no questions written by students. Question writers performed significantly better than nonwriters on the first two tests; the difference on the third test was marginally significant. No differences were found between students who wrote essay and those who wrote multiple-choice questions. Question writing appears to be an effective study technique.
A Candle to Saint Jude, or Four Real World Applications of Integer Programming

This author has discovered the interesting fact from his experience that on many real world problems, people with experience can beat an elegant theoretical method all the time. If one were to accept this fact as truth, heresy though it may be, one would be driven to the even more embarrassing conclusion that maybe the way to do some things better is to ask the experienced people and then simulate them. Of course one must agree that this method flies in the face of all of the theory that says, “Work from the theory to the model to the world.” The author has had, however, enough bitter experience with the latter method, to find that it has no useful purpose other than for pelting adversaries at learned society meetings.
Calculations of autoionization states of He and H

Abstract The positions and lifetimes of several 1 S and 1,3 P autoionizing states of He and H − are obtained by two methods involving standard techniques of electronic structure calculation which can be extended to more complicated systems. The first method involves an approximate evaluation of Miller's “golden rule” formula; the second is an application of the recently developed complex coordinate method.
Early depressogenic effects of receiving negative parenting on adult affective disturbance

Abstract Guided by a life course perspective, we examine the influence of experiencing negative parenting early in the parental home on individuals’ mental health through middle adulthood. The study is based on a three-wave longitudinal data set that spans nearly three decades. Multiple imputation is performed to retain the full sample of 7618 respondents. The data set contains contemporaneous reports of parenting received when most of the respondents (81%) were around age 12–13 (Time 1). It also contains the extent of their affective disturbance measured at three time points: around age 12–13 (Time 1), in their 20s (Time 2), and in their mid 30s to early 40s (Time 3). The results demonstrate that the apparent influence from early experiences of negative parenting on affective disturbance in the later life-cycle is largely mediated by the prior level of affective disturbance around age 12–13. The detrimental effect of early experiences of negative parenting on adult mental health may have taken place by late childhood or early adolescence.
Complex t(1;15;17) in acute promyelocytic leukemia with duplication of RARα and PML sequences

A 46-year-old white male presented with a two-week history of a flu-like illness and bleeding gums. A diagnosis of acute promyelocytic leukemia was made on bone marrow examination with accompanying DIC. All cytogenetically abnormal cells (28/30 at intake and 30/30 at two weeks post-induction) represented a single clone with apparent deletion of 1(p22) and 3(p25), and with a large, derivative chromosome 17. By conventional G- and C- banded analysis, the monocentric der(17) appeared to be disrupted distal to the typical (17q21) APL breakpoint, chromosome 15 did not demonstrate gross rearrangement, and the source of the additional material on the der(17) was unknown. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with t(15;17), RAR alpha, and 17qter probes and with chromosome 1, 15, and 17 paints demonstrated that the der(17) consisted of a complex rearrangement with duplication of both RAR alpha and PML, insertion of chromosome 1 sequences, and double insertion of chromosome 15 sequences. The fusion of RAR alpha and PML consistent with APL appears to have occurred at the distal juxtaposition of these sequences in the derivative chromosome.
Detection of renal artery stenosis: experimental and clinical analysis of velocity waveforms.

Abstract Mass screening of hypertensive patients by a noninvasive method could uncover the 10% of those cases where renal artery stenosis is the primary etiology. Treatment by transluminal angioplasty or surgery could replace a long-term medical regimen. To investigate an ultrasonic technique, normal velocity waveforms were obtained from the abdominal aorta, celiac artery and renal arteries in seven mongrel dogs using a 5 MHz, continuous-wave Doppler detector. Renal artery pressure gradients, volume flow rates and velocity recordings were subsequently made during induced proximal renal artery stenoses. The ratio of peak renal artery frequency to peak aortic frequency was 88% sensitive to stenoses of >20 mm Hg pressure gradient, while the renal artery systolic frequency window was 79% sensitive to the same obstructions. Ninety-five hypertensive and vascular surgical patients were examined using a 3 MHz duplex scanner with 175 of the 190 (92%) renal arteries adequately detected (clear signal with high diastolic component). Analysis of velocity waveforms based on peak frequency, proximal to distal peak frequency changes, evidence of flow disturbances and associated bruit were compared to contrast arteriograms in 84 vessels. Of the 76 (90%) arteries adequately examined by duplex scanning, 59 of 61 (97%) with 0–59% diameter reduction, 10 of 12 (83%) with 60–99% diameter reduction and 1 of 3 (33%) occlusions were correctly identified. Velocity waveform analysis can accurately detect renal artery stenosis and may prove effective in mass screening of hypertensive patients for renovascular disease.
CERVICAL ROOT RESORPTION

This article describes cervical root resorption, an external inflammatory root resorption arising immediately below the attachment level of the root. The pathogenesis is not fully understood, although many theories have been presented. Clinically, cervical root resorption is usually asymptomatic. The radiographic appearance is variable and is easily mistaken for that of internal root resorption. Histologically, the presentation is identical to that of other inflammatory root resorptions.
Cryptanalysis of a public key cryptosystem based on two cryptographic assumptions

Baocang and Yupu proposed a relatively fast public key cryptosystem. The authors claim that the security of their system is based on two number-theoretic hard problems, namely the simultaneous Diophantine approximation problem and the integer factorisation problem. In this article we present a polynomial time heuristic attack that enables us to recover the private key from the public key. In particular, we show that breaking the system can be reduced to finding a short vector in a lattice which can be achieved using the L3-lattice reduction algorithm.
Effect of Rub-Groove Wall Angle on the Leakage of Abradable Stepped Labyrinth Seals

Rub grooves are generally formed in gas-turbine labyrinth seals of the abradable type during various transients. The rub-groove shape, often the slope angle of the groove downstream wall, varies and largely depends on the rotordynamics and the thermal expansion rates of the rotor and the stator. The effect of rub-groove shape on stepped labyrinth seal leakage was studied by varying the slope angle of the groove downstream wall, using various tooth axial positions and various prerub radial clearances. The investigation was done for compressible flow, with air as the working fluid. A finite volume method was used to solve the two-dimensional axisymmetric, Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equation system. The high-Reynolds-number k-ϵ turbulence model was used along with wall functions. It was found that the wall angle of rub groove has a significant effect on the leakage as well as on the flow pattern. For the cases considered here, when the seal operates with the tooth positioned axially within the rub-groov...
Laboratory and Field Studies of Resistance of Crab Apple Clones to Rhagoletis pomonella (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Oviposition and larval survival of Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) varied significantly among fruit from 25 crab apple speciesand clones evaluated in field and laboratory studies. In general, the relative oviposition preference and larval survival was similar in fruit infested naturally in the field and fruit tested in the laboratory. Flies oviposited more in clones with larger fruit, although this relationship was more pronounced in laboratory tests when fruit was infested by laboratory-reared flies than in fruit infested in the field by wild flies. ‘Aldenhamensis,’ ‘Fuji,’ ‘Vilmorin,’ Malus zumi calocarpa Rehd., and M. hupehensis (Pamp) Rehd. fruit was not infested in the field, but flies oviposited in fruit of all 25 species and clones in choice tests in the laboratory. Eggs hatched but larvae did not survive in fruit of ‘Henry F. DuPont,’ ‘Frettingham,’ ‘Fuji,’ ‘Sparkler,’ M. hupehensis , and M. zumi calocarpa . Larval mortality was very high in fruit from ‘Vilmorin,’ ‘Sparkler,’ ‘NA 40298,’ ‘Henrietta Crosby,’ ‘Golden Gem,’ ‘Almey,’ M. baccata L. (Borkh.), and M. sikktmensis (Hook.) Koehne.
Fine structure of the rectal (salt-secreting) gland of the spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias

The rectal gland of the spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias has been described by light and electron microscopy. The cell outline shows remarkable complexity in electron micrographs. The basal plasma membrane has numerous complex infoldings and interdigitations separated by groups of mitochondria. The lateral plasma membrane also shows extensive interdigitation. The apical region demonstrates profiles of interleafing cell processes with much membrane interdigitation occurring between them but containing few mitochondria. The apical surface has microvilli which extend into the tubular lumen and are covered with nap-like filaments. Glands of some fish were catheterized and attempts were made to correlate the fine structure of these glands with the known secretory rates. The cellular morphology of the secretory cells of the rectal gland correlates well with that seen in other ion-transporting tissues, although some unique specializations were noted.
Congenital complete heart block and vasodepressor syncope

An 18-year-old boy with congenital complete heart block presented with recurrent syncope following insertion of a rate-responsive dual-chamber pacemaker. Head-up tilt testing demonstrated a primary vasodepressor response with severe hypotension and reproduction of symptoms. Treatment with fludrocortisone and salt abolished symptoms, and repeat tilt testing was negative.
Partition-ligation-expectation-maximization algorithm for haplotype inference with single-nucleotide polymorphisms.

We are grateful to Chi-Hse Teng and the two anonymous reviewers for insightful comments. This research was supported in part by the National Science Foundation grants DMS-0094613 and DMS-0104129 and National Institutes of Health grant R01 HG02518-01.
Piezoelectric Materials as Microelectromechanical Devices for Structural Engineering Applications

Smart systems have recently been used for active control of vibration in structural engineering applications. One class of components often used in these systems includes piezoelectric materials, whose two electromechanical direct and converse effects allow them to play both roles of sensors and actuators. This paper presents the analytical and experimental investigations conducted using piezoelectric materials with polymer concrete as elements of intelligent structures. A piezoelectric film (PVDF) was tested as an embedded stress-strain detector in a polymer concrete beam that was dynamically loaded in axial compression and in flexural configurations. The reliability of the stresses detected via PVDF film was compared with the theoretically predicted values. The results from the comparison are promising, even if some improvements must be adopted in order to apply this technique extensively. Two single-sheet PZT actuators were surface-mounted on a simply supported thin polymer concrete beam. When the beam was transversely excited, oscillations were measured, and they approximately matched predictions by a single-mode Rayleigh-Ritz model under the assumption of Bernoulli-Euler strain distribution.© 2002 ASME
Java interface to a computer-aided diagnosis system for acute pulmonary embolism using PIOPED findings

An interface to a Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) system for diagnosis of Acute Pulmonary Embolism (PE) from PIOPED radiographic findings was developed. The interface is based on Internet technology which is user-friendly and available on a broad range of computing platforms. It was designed to be used as a research tool and as a data collection tool, allowing researchers to observe the behavior of a CAD system and to collect radiographic findings on ventilation-perfusion lung scans and chest radiographs. The interface collects findings from physicians in the PIOPED reporting format, processes those findings and presents them as inputs to an artificial neural network (ANN) previously trained on findings from 1,064 patients from the Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis (PIOPED) study. The likelihood of PE predicted by the ANN and by the physician using the system is then saved for later analysis.
Angiotensin II–Stimulated Signaling Through G Proteins and β-Arrestin

Beta-arrestin, originally identified as a protein that inhibits heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) coupling to cognate seven-transmembrane receptors [(7TMRs), also known as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)], is currently being appreciated as a positive signaling mediator for various cell surface receptors. Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), especially extracellular signal regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), is a hallmark of intracellular signaling resulting from stimulation of various growth factor receptors, as well as 7TMRs. The resulting ERK activity can occur through multiple parallel or converging mechanisms. Using human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK-293) cells as a model system and utilizing RNA interference technology, two distinct pathways of angiotensin II-mediated ERK activation have been uncovered: (i) a G protein-dependent pathway that produces a transient activation of nuclear ERK and (ii) a beta-arrestin-dependent pathway that leads to sustained activation of ERK that is localized to the cytosol and endosomes. The spatial and temporal segregation of ERK activated by G protein and beta-arrestin pathways suggests that the physiological consequences may be different, and thus ligands that selectively stimulate or inhibit one of these pathways may be therapeutically valuable.