cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exchange bias and enhancement of the Néel temperature in thin NiF 2 films

Epitaxial thin (110) films of the weak ferromagnet ${\text{NiF}}_{2}$ were deposited on single-crystal ${\text{MgF}}_{2}$ (110) substrates via molecular-beam epitaxy. Subsequently polycrystalline Co was grown on the ${\text{NiF}}_{2}$ film. The antiferromagnetic ordering of the ${\text{NiF}}_{2}$ was monitored as a function of temperature via neutron diffraction and the exchange bias ${H}_{E}$ of the Co layers was measured via standard magnetometry measurements. Because in ${\text{NiF}}_{2}$ the spins lie in the (001) plane, the maximum ${H}_{E}$ is observed after cooling the sample with a cooling field in the film plane perpendicular to the [001] direction of the ${\text{NiF}}_{2}$. In $60\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{nm}$, $49\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{nm}$, and $38\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{nm}$ thick ${\text{NiF}}_{2}$ samples, the N\'eel temperature is ${T}_{N}\ensuremath{\approx}81\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, which is significantly larger than the bulk value of ${T}_{N}=73.2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. This enhancement also occurs in films without Co overlayers and thus is not due to a proximity effect. For the $38\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{nm}$ sample with a Co overlayer cooled in a $50\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{kOe}$ field, ${H}_{E}g0$ and vanishes at a blocking temperature $({T}_{B})$ which coincides with the ${T}_{N}$ of the films. When the sample is cooled in $2.0\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{kOe}$, ${H}_{E}l0$, disappearing at $T=55\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, reappearing at $T=65\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, and finally disappearing once again at $T=81\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. For the $12\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{nm}$ thick ${\text{NiF}}_{2}$ sample, ${T}_{B}⪡{T}_{N}$. Strain-induced enhancement of ferromagnetic exchange interactions between the nearest-neighbor ${\text{Ni}}^{2+}$ ions along the $c$ axis may be responsible for the ${T}_{N}$ enhancement. These results also demonstrate that in general, a diminished ${T}_{B}$ is not necessarily due to a lower ${T}_{N}$.
Breaking the barriers of translation.

New data from single-molecule optical trapping methods provide exciting clues as to the underlying mechanism of ribosome translocation along mRNA and a powerful new approach for future investigations of translation regulation.
Trichothecene mycotoxins depress the mononuclear-phagocytic system of young turkeys.

AbstractMacrophage cells isolated from the abdominal cavity of 21-day-old turkeys after a single injection of Sephadex suspension were used to quantitate the effects of direct in vitro exposure to deoxynivalenol (DON), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3ac-DON), scirpentriol (STO), or 15-acetylscirpenol (15-MAS). Macrophage monolayers were established on glass surfaces and cells were exposed to graded levels of individual mycotoxins for 1 hour: DON, 20 -640 μ9/μ1 of culture; 3ac-DON, STO, 15-MAS, 20 -1280 μg/μ1 of culture. All four mycotoxins caused dose-related effects. A concentration of 50 μg/ml DON caused a significant decrease in macrophage adherence, phagocytosis of opsonized SRBC, and number of opsonized SRBC per macrophage; at 200 μg/ml, phagocytosis of unopsonized SRBC was decreased. There were also increasing percentages of damaged macrophages with increasing DON doses as indicated by morphological alterations. Linear decreases in macrophage viability on exposure to 3-acDON and STO were observed. Moreover...
Quantitative assessment of new MRI-based measurements to differentiate low and high stages of pelvic organ prolapse using support vector machines

The objective of this study was to quantitatively assess the ability of new MRI-based measurements to differentiate low and high stages of pelvic organ prolapse. New measurements representing pelvic structural characteristics are proposed and analyzed using support vector machines (SVM). This retrospective study used data from 207 women with different types and stages of prolapse. Their demographic information, clinical history, and dynamic MRI data were obtained from the database. New MRI measurements were extracted and analyzed based on these reference lines: pubococcygeal line (PCL), mid-pubic line (MPL), true conjugate line (TCL), obstetric conjugate line (OCL), and diagonal conjugate line (DCL). A classification model using SVM was designed to assess the impact of the features (variables) in classifying prolapse into low or high stage. The classification model using SVM can accurately identified anterior prolapse with very high accuracy (>0.90), and apical and posterior prolapse with good accuracy (0.80 – 0.90). Two newly proposed MRI-based features were found to be significant in the identification of anterior and posterior prolapse: the angle between TCL and MPL for anterior prolapse, and the angle between DCL and PCL for posterior prolapse. The overall accuracy of posterior prolapse identification increased from 47 % to 80 % when the newly proposed MRI-based features were taken into consideration. The proposed MRI-based measurements are effective in differentiating low and high stages of pelvic organ prolapse, particularly for posterior prolapse.
On the Origin of Photoluminescence in Silicon Nanocrystals: Pressure-Dependent Structural and Optical Studies

A lack of consensus persists regarding the origin of photoluminescence in silicon nanocrystals. Here we report pressure-dependences of X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence from alkane-terminated colloidal particles. We determine the diamond-phase bulk modulus, observe multiple phase transitions, and importantly find a systematic photoluminescence red shift that matches the Xconduction-to-Γvalence transition of bulk crystalline silicon. These results, reinforced by calculations, suggest that the efficient photoluminescence, frequently attributed to defects, arises instead from core-states that remain highly indirect despite quantum confinement.
1989 Pacific Northwest Regional AGU Meeting

The Pacific Northwest Region of AGU held its 36th annual meeting September 28–30, 1989, at Portland State University, Portland, Oreg.; 78 scientists attended. The five sessions included tectonophysics, seismology, hydrology and contaminant transport, volcanology and other geology, marine geology and oceanography in 23 oral presentations and 9 poster sessions. As in most regional meetings, no parallel sessions were used, thus exposing the audience to a wide variety of presentations. The tectonics section included papers on vertical deformation measurements along the Oregon Coast, evidence of the subducting plate using apparent velocities observed from subcrustal earthquakes, gravity modeling in the Portland Basin, and multichannel seismic reflection survey in the Queen Charlotte Basin.
A Five-Figure Table of the Bessel Function I n (x)

The modified Bessel function of the first kind, I n (x), where X is a real quantity, is of widespread application, but it is of particular interest to electrical engineers, since the current and voltage for a traveling wave on an electric line can be expressed as a series of these functions.
The public and private problem of euthanasia. A comparison of The Netherlands and the United States.

Abstract Euthanasia is an emerging public problem. The recent “medicalization” of the dying process in industrialized nations has engendered a fear of a painful and undignified death and the loss of control over one's final days. For people who live in societies with advanced medical resources and technology, euthanasia seems the only sure way to have “a good death.” This article examines the public and private faces of euthanasia and provides another moral lens through which to view the issue. The article includes an interview with the son of a 78-year-old man who had active euthanasia performed by a family physician in the Netherlands.
The enantioselective synthesis of (R)- and (S)-3-amino-3,4-dihydro-1H-[1,8]naphthyridin-2-one

A number of approaches to the enantioselective synthesis of (R)- and (S)-3-amino-3,4-dihydro-1H-[1,8]naphthyridin-2-one were studied. A novel one-pot asymmetric reduction/lactamization provided the desired products in high yield and enantiomeric excess.
Evaluation and treatment of students with difficulties passing the Step examinations.

AbstractPurposeThe author designed this retrospective case series study both to systematically examine characteristics of individuals referred for treatment after multiple failures on the United States Medical Licensing Examinations (USMLE) Step 1 or 2 administered by the National Board of Medical E
Impact of SNR and gain-function over- and under-estimation on speech intelligibility

Most noise reduction algorithms rely on obtaining reliable estimates of the SNR of each frequency bin. For that reason, much work has been done in analyzing the behavior and performance of SNR estimation algorithms in the context of improving speech quality and reducing speech distortions (e.g., musical noise). Comparatively little work has been reported, however, regarding the analysis and investigation of the effect of errors in SNR estimation on speech intelligibility. It is not known, for instance, whether it is the errors in SNR overestimation, errors in SNR underestimation, or both that are harmful to speech intelligibility. Errors in SNR estimation produce concomitant errors in the computation of the gain (suppression) function, and the impact of gain estimation errors on speech intelligibility is unclear. The present study assesses the effect of SNR estimation errors on gain function estimation via sensitivity analysis. Intelligibility listening studies were conducted to validate the sensitivity analysis. Results indicated that speech intelligibility is severely compromised when SNR and gain over-estimation errors are introduced in spectral components with negative SNR. A theoretical upper bound on the gain function is derived that can be used to constrain the values of the gain function so as to ensure that SNR overestimation errors are minimized. Speech enhancement algorithms that can limit the values of the gain function to fall within this upper bound can improve speech intelligibility.
The Role of Technical Advances in the Adoption and Integration of Patient-Reported Outcomes in Clinical Care

Background Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are gaining recognition as key measures for improving the quality of patient care in clinical care settings. Three factors have made the implementation of PROs in clinical care more feasible: increased use of modern measurement methods in PRO design and validation, rapid progression of technology (e.g., touch screen tablets, Internet accessibility, and electronic health records (EHRs)), and greater demand for measurement and monitoring of PROs by regulators, payers, accreditors, and professional organizations. As electronic PRO collection and reporting capabilities have improved, the challenges of collecting PRO data have changed.
The Drosophila melanogaster similar bHLH-PAS gene encodes a protein related to human hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and Drosophila single-minded

The Drosophila melanogaster (Dm) similar (sima) gene was isolated using a low-stringency hybridization screen employing a Dm single-minded gene basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) DNA probe. sima is a member of the bHLH-PAS gene family and the conceptual protein shares a number of structural features, including a bHLH domain, PAS domain, and homopolymeric amino acid stretches. Sima is most closely related to the human hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha bHLH-PAS protein. In situ hybridization experiments reveal that sima is transcribed in most or all cells throughout embryogenesis. It has been cytologically mapped to position 99D on the third chromosome, and is not closely linked to other known bHLH-PAS genes.
Drifter measurements of surface currents near Marguerite Bay on the western Antarctic Peninsula shelf during austral summer and fall, 2001 and 2002

Abstract We deployed 24 satellite-tracked surface drifters near Marguerite Bay on the western Antarctic Peninsula shelf during March–May 2001 and February–April 2002. The WOCE-style drifters featured holey sock drogues centered at 15 m and were located about 20 times per day by Service ARGOS. Analyses of the drifter tracks show a coastal current that flows toward the southwest along the west coast of Adelaide Island and into Marguerite Bay near the southern tip of Adelaide Island, then flows clockwise around the Bay near the coast, and finally exits the Bay near Alexander Island. This coastal current flowed along the eastern boundary of Marguerite Bay in 2001, but across the central part of the Bay in 2002 due to the early presence of sea ice in the southern half of the Bay. The outflow from the Bay continued along the coast of Alexander Island toward the southwest in 2001, but was directed northwestward across the shelf in 2002 due to the sea ice coverage to the south. A mean drifter current speed of about 10 cm s − 1 was observed in the coastal current with a maximum speed of about 20 cm s − 1 during periods of strong wind stress. An intermittent northeastward current was observed near the shelf break. The drifter tracks also show that intermittent near-inertial currents are common in Marguerite Bay and over the adjacent shelf during ice-free conditions. These counterclockwise oscillations had periods near the local inertial period (roughly 13.0 h) and speeds of 5–20 cm s − 1 , with a tendency for smaller amplitudes within Marguerite Bay.
Coping with unwanted sexual activity: Normative responses, situational determinants, and individual differences

It has been proposed that a traditional feminine gender role can influence how effectively a woman deals with unwanted sexual experiences. For example, passivity and nurturance might prohibit effective coping with unwanted sexual activity by leading a woman to blame herself and to continue in an adversarial sexual relationship. Thus, the present investigation was designed to examine women's responses and reactions to unwanted sexual episodes, including both normative and individual coping strategies. Situational, general coping, and individual difference variables were also examined. The results indicated that most episodes of unwanted sex involved a couple who knew each other at least moderately well. It was also determined that situational variables were the best predictors of women's reactions to unwanted sexual attempts. Generally, women responded passively to such attempts and responded to attack with self‐blame and continuance of adversarial dating relationships. The implications of these findings f...
The role of spectroscopy versus detection for border security

Countries around the world are deploying radiation portal monitor systems to interdict the illicit shipment of radioactive material crossing international borders. Because of their high efficiency for gamma-ray detection, most deployed systems are based on plastic scintillators and are non-spectroscopic in capability. Spectroscopic portal monitor systems are undergoing engineering development for near term deployment. The ability to identify the detected radionuclides may allow improved operational handling of radiation alarms, particularly those from the normal commerce of naturally occurring radioactive material. The goal for improved systems is to increase the sensitivity to threats while reducing the operational impact of nuisance alarms.
Evaluation of Time-Resolved PM2.5 Data in Urban/Suburban Areas of New Jersey

ABSTRACT Time-resolved data is needed for public notification of unhealthful air quality and to develop an understanding of atmospheric chemistry, including insights important to control strategies. In this research, continuous fine particulate matter (PM2.5) mass concentrations were measured with tapered element oscillating microbalances (TEOMs) across New Jersey from July 1997 to June 1998. Data features indicating the influence of local sources and long-distance transport are examined, as well as differences between 1-hr maxima and 24-hr average concentrations that might be relevant to acute health effects. Continuous mass concentrations were not significantly different from filter-collected gravimetric mass concentrations with 95% confidence intervals during any season. Annual mean PM2.5 concentrations from July 1997 to June 1998 were 17.3, 16.4, 14.1, and 15.3 μg/m3 at Newark, Elizabeth, New Brunswick, and Camden, NJ, respectively. Monthly averaged 24- and 1-hr daily maximum PM2.5 concentrations sugg...
Consumption, wealth, and the real rate of interest: A reexamination☆

Abstract We develop a model of intertemporal choice which relates consumption to the interest rate, the inflation rate, and personal wealth. By utilizing labor income and nonhuman wealth to approximate personal wealth and by incorporating an adjustment process, we are able to derive an estimable relationship between consumption, the real rate of interest, and our approximation of personal wealth. Based on estimates we conclude that the real rate of interest has a very small and statistically insignificant effect on consumption-savings decisions. We then contrast our results with the results of previous studies.
Proteolytic processing of phage λ tail protein gpH: timing of the cleavage

Abstract We describe λ method for the rapid partial purification of intermediate structures of phage λ tail assembly, using formaldehyde-fixed Escherichia coli cells to precipitate tail-related structures. The purification depends on the specific interaction between the E. coli λ receptor protein and λ tail protein gpJ. Protein compositions of tail assembly intermediates were analyzed to determine when in the assembly sequence the minor tail protein gpH is cleaved. gpH joins the tail precursor structure early in the pathway, during assembly of the initiator (a structure that becomes the tail tip). However, gpH is not cleaved until after initiator assembly is complete and after the tail shaft has polymerized onto the initiator. These results suggest that each gpH molecule is extended along the length of the tail. Our results also appear to eliminate an ambiguity in the tail assembly pathway determined by earlier experiments: we argue that gene G acts between genes H and M.
Evolution of desert colluvial boulder slopes

Abstract We employed rhyolite domes formed during the past million years in eastern California to study the evolution of boulder-dominated slopes. The slopes studied are steep (from ∼25° to ∼35°) and are made of coarse, boulder-sized blocks. These slopes include well-varnished vertically-oriented colluvial deposits that appear similar to relict periglacial stone stripes. In this case, they are the result of ongoing desert slope processes. Such deposits are common throughout the arid southwestern US, but their morphometric character, fabric and rates of formation have not been assessed systematically. Basic field and isotopic dating methods are combined with two relatively new surface dating techniques, cosmogenic chlorine-36 and rock varnish microlaminae, to produce a detailed million-year-long slope development history with broad implications for geomorphic theory. Grain size, grain shape, grain angularity, and slope deposit area do not change significantly from genesis to ∼0.5 Ma; trends in the data change markedly after that time. A geomorphic threshold occurs between ∼0.5 and ∼1 Ma. as indicated by significant changes in all parameters but grain orientation data. On-going erosion over the million-year continuum is evidenced by active debris flow features, by terminal Pleistocene ages of microlaminae on all deposits, and by 36Cl ages that are progressively younger than potassium–argon ages for slope genesis.
Spectral Spatio-Temporal template extraction from EEG signals

Analysis of Event Related Potentials (ERPs) produced by brain activities can provide insight into the timing of underlying brain function. ERPs can be classified by their time/frequency characteristics and spatial location on the scalp. Traditionally, ERPs are manually located by temporally and spatially averaged EEG signals. This process is error prone and sensitive to a priori assumptions. Our proposed algorithm is a general neuroscience-focused data mining algorithm that performs time and frequency analysis on ERPs and automatically extracts templates corresponding to Spectral Spatio-Temporal (SST) regions exhibiting significant differences between experimental outcomes. The method uses time-aligned templates, which preserve the characteristics of the signal important to cognitive researchers. The ability of the selected signal templates to differentiate between stimulus responses has been verified using a pattern recognition procedure. SST template extraction is tested on data taken from a Go/NoGo task and shown to both find relationships consistent with published neuroscience literature as well as novel relationships.
Histone deacetylase 4 promotes TGF-β1-induced synovium-derived stem cell chondrogenesis but inhibits chondrogenically differentiated stem cell hypertrophy

Abstract The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily members play diverse roles in cartilage development and maintenance. TGF-β up-regulates chondrogenic gene expression by enhancing transcription factor SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 9 (Sox9) and inhibits osteoblast differentiation by repressing runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2). Recently, histone deacetylases (HDACs) were reported to act as negative regulators of chondrocyte hypertrophy. It was speculated that HDAC4 may promote TGF-β1-induced MSC chondrogenesis. In this study, the adenovirus-mediated HDAC4 gene (Ad.HDAC4) was utilized to infect synovium-derived stem cells (SDSCs). Adenovirus-mediated LacZ (Ad.LacZ) served as a control. The infected cells were centrifuged to form SDSC pellets followed by incubation in a serum-free chondrogenic medium for 15 days with or without 10 ng/mL TGF-β1. Transfection efficiency was determined in SDSCs using Ad.LacZ. Cytotoxicity was measured using lactate dehydrogenase assay. Histology, immunostaining, biochemical analysis, and real-time polymerase chain reaction were performed to assess chondrogenesis at protein and mRNA levels in infected SDSCs. Our data demonstrated that supplementation with TGF-β1 could initiate and promote SDSC chondrogenesis; however, TGF-β1 alone was insufficient to fully differentiate SDSCs into chondrocytes. Ad.HDAC4 could be efficiently transfected into SDSCs. Without TGF-β1 treatment, HDAC4 had no effect on SDSC chondrogenesis; however, in the presence of TGF-β1, HDAC4 could speed up and maintain a high level of chondrogenesis while down-regulating the hypertrophic marker – type X collagen expression. This study is the first report showing that HDAC4 overexpression promotes TGF-β1-induced SDSC chondrogenesis but inhibits chondrogenically differentiated stem cell hypertrophy. The mechanism underlying this process needs further investigation.
A Comparison of Vocal Mand Training Strategies for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders.

Based on Skinner’s classification of verbal behavior, the mand is the first and most advantageous verbal operant to develop. Deficits in vocal mand repertoires are common in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and can lead to decreased social interaction and increased problem behavior. The present investigation compared the effects of two mand training procedures on the acquisition and mastery of vocal mands by four young children with ASD using an adapted alternating treatment design. An in vivo mand training procedure, which involved the therapist contriving an establishing operation and delivering a vocal model, was compared with a video modeling procedure wherein the therapist presented a video model prior to contriving an establishing operation. Overall, participants acquired and mastered mands assigned to the video modeling condition faster than mands assigned to the in vivo mand training condition. The results demonstrate the potential efficacy of video modeling for teaching verbal operan...
Population Structure of Klebsiella pneumoniae Causing Bloodstream Infections at a New York City Tertiary Care Hospital: Diversification of Multidrug-Resistant Isolates

Despite the growing importance of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP), the clonal relationships between CRKP and antibiotic-susceptible isolates remain unclear. We compared the genetic diversity and clinical features of CRKP, third-generation and/or fourth-generation cephalosporin-resistant (Ceph-R) K. pneumoniae, and susceptible K. pneumoniae isolates causing bloodstream infections at a tertiary care hospital in New York City between January 2012 and July 2013. Drug susceptibilities were determined with the Vitek 2 system. Isolates underwent multilocus sequence typing and PCR sequencing of the wzi and blaKPC genes. Clinical and microbiological data were extracted from patient records and correlated with molecular data. Among 223 patients, we identified 272 isolates. Of these, 194 were susceptible, 30 Ceph-R, and 48 CRKP, belonging to 144 sequence types (STs). Susceptible (127 STs) and Ceph-R (20 STs) isolates were highly diverse. ST258 dominated CRKP strains (12 STs, with 63% ST258). There was minimal overlap in STs between resistance groups. The blaKPC-3 gene (30%) was restricted to ST258/wzi154, whereas blaKPC-2 (70%) was observed for several wzi allele types. CRKP infections occurred more frequently among solid organ transplant (31%) and dialysis (17%) patients. Mortality rates were high overall (28%) and highest among CRKP-infected patients (59%). In multivariable analyses, advanced age, comorbidities, and disease severity were significant predictors of 30-day mortality rates, whereas the K. pneumoniae susceptibility phenotype was not. Among CRKP infections, we observed a borderline significant association of increased mortality rates with ST258 and the wzi154 allele. Although the clonal spread of ST258 continues to contribute substantially to the dissemination of CRKP, non-ST258 strains appear to be evolving. Further investigations into the mechanisms promoting CRKP diversification and the effects of clonal backgrounds on outcomes are warranted.
Developmental changes in the distribution of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase among subcellular fractions of rat brain.

—The distribution of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase (EC 1.1.1.34) relative to that of several biochemical markers has been studied in subcellular fractions prepared from the brains of rats, aged 4 days to adult, by differential centrifugation. In the brains of 10-day-old animals fractions which sedimented at 800 g (P1 and 9000 g (P2) contained 28% and 65% respectively of the total reductase activity. A similar distribulion of the microsomal marker, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, suggested that the HMG-CoA reductase activity in the low-speed pellets was due to substantial contamination of these fractions with endoplasmic reticulum. When P2 was fractionated on a discontinuous sucrose gradient, the distributions of protein, RNA and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase paralleled that of HMG-CoA reductase, indicaling a non-specific association of endoplasmic reliculum and HMG-CoA reductase with all of the structures sedimenting in P2. As brain maturation proceeded and a greater percentage of total brain protein (primarily associated with myelin) sedimenled in P1, the subcellular distributions of HMG-CoA reductase and the microsomal marker changed in a parallel way. By 21 days P1 contained nearly all of the reductase activity. Because the specific activity of HMG-CoA reductase in P1 decreased steadily between 4 and 21 days, while the specific activity of 2′:3′-cyclic nucleotide 3′-phosphohydrolase in this fraction increased in a coordinate fashion, we conclude that the reductase is not an integral component of myelin, and probably is associated exclusively with the endoplasmic reticulum included in P1. In view of the developmental changes in the distribution of HMG-CoA reductase among subcellular fraclions, we suggest that whole homogenates (or comparable tissue extracts) should be utilized to evaluate reductase activity in the developing brain.
Evidence for a role of the ovarian surface epithelium in the ovulatory mechanism of the sheep: secretion of urokinase-type plasminogen activator

The extent of dissolution of tissues within the apical wall of the preovulatory ovine follicle (formative site of rupture) is greater than that of the counterpart basal hemisphere. It has been hypothesized that proteolytic enzymes released from contiguous ovarian surface epithelial cells contribute to apical follicular weakening and ovulation. Ovulation occurs from the dominant ovarian follicle of proestrous ewes at approximately 24 h after administration of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH). Follicular rupture was inhibited in sheep in which the ovarian surface epithelium was surgically removed at 8 (but not at 16) h following LHRH. Plasminogen activator bioactivity was greater within the follicular apex compared to basal wall at 12 h; this difference was negated by prior removal of epithelium at 8 h after LHRH. A low M(r) plasminogen activator of the urokinase-type (uPA) was secreted by epithelial cells recovered from the surface of preovulatory follicles (Western blot analysis). Ovarian epithelium, not associated with a preovulatory follicle, produced very little uPA. Finally, ovulation was suppressed by intrafollicular injection (8 h post-LHRH) of uPA antibodies. It is suggested that secretion of uPA by ovarian surface epithelium and consequent plasmin up-regulation within neighboring tunica albuginea and follicular theca is a contributing factor in the mechanism of ovulation.
Oxygen Availability in Tunnel of Corti Measured by Microelectrode

A method is presented for the insertion of microelectrodes into the scala media and fluid spaces of the organ of Corti without injury to the capillaries of the membranous labyrinth. Electrode placement is made under complete visual control and monitored on a closed‐circuit television system. Capillary blood flow and electrode position are constantly observed. With electrodes so placed, electrode current resulting from changes in oxygen concentration is measured as respiratory air to the animal is cut off and restored. Oxygen concentration in the tunnel of Corti decreases and returns to normal much more rapidly than does that of the endolymph of the scala media. These results furnish evidence that the spiral vessels of the basilar membrane (vas spirale) and spiral osseous lamina supply the oxygen to the fluids in the spaces of the organ of Corti.
Vasopressin therapy in dogs with dopamine-resistant hypotension and vasodilatory shock

Objective: To describe the therapeutic use of vasopressin in dogs with dopamine-resistant hypotension and vasodilatory shock. Series summary: We report the effects of intravenous vasopressin therapy on mean arterial blood pressure and central venous pressure (CVP) in 5 dogs with dopamine-resistant hypotension from vasodilatory shock. All subjects had documented hypotension and vasodilation, despite adequate intravascular volume and catecholamine therapy. There was an increase in mean arterial pressure following vasopressin administration. No cardiac arrhythmias were noted, nor were there clinically significant changes in CVP. New information provided: Mean arterial blood pressure increased following vasopressin therapy in all of the dogs. Vasopressin may prove useful in the treatment of vasodilatory shock, however further research is warranted.
Portopulmonary Hypertension in Pediatric Patients

Objectives To investigate the clinical presentation, manifestations, and response to therapy of portopulmonary hypertension (PPHTN) in pediatric patients. Study design This study was a retrospective chart review describing the evaluation and course of 7 patients with PPHTN. Results Causes of portal hypertension (HTN) included biliary atresia (3 cases), cavernous transformation of the portal vein (2 cases), and primary sclerosing cholangitis and cryptogenic cirrhosis (1 case each). The median interval from the diagnosis of portal HTN to PPHTN was 12.1 years. Four patients presented with a new heart murmur, 4 presented with syncope, and 3 presented with dyspnea. Although electrocardiograms (ECGs) and chest x-rays were normal in 3 and 2 patients, respectively, echocardiograms diagnosed pulmonary HTN in all 7 patients. Five patients had cardiac catheterizations; the average mean pulmonary artery pressure was 65 ± 20 mm Hg. Response to therapy was variable, and 4 patients died. Postmortem lung tissue examination revealed plexiform lesions and pulmonary arteriopathy. Conclusions Because symptoms are subtle and may be overlooked, pediatric patients with portal HTN who develop a new heart murmur, dyspnea, syncope, or who are being evaluated for liver transplantation require evaluation for PPHTN. ECG and chest x-ray are insensitive screens for PPHTN. An echocardiogram and cardiology evaluation is essential for the diagnosis.
Peripheral IV Stabilization and the Rate of Complications in Children: An Exploratory Study

Peripheral intravascular catheter insertion is the most common invasive procedure performed on the hospitalized child with a significant potential for complications. This study compared complication rates between a standard aseptic taping technique and a commercially-available adhesive anchoring device in 80 hospitalized children ages 2-17 years. Eighteen (18) participants (22.5%) experienced a complication with occlusion being the most common (n=8) followed by infiltration (n=4), leaking (n=3), and dislodgement (n=2). There were no differences in complication rates or types between the two groups. This study provides evidence that a stabilization device may not be necessary in short-duration PIVs in children.
Chromatographic and Traditional Albumin Isotherms on Cellulose: A Model for Wound Protein Adsorption on Modified Cotton

Albumin is the most abundant protein found in healing wounds. Traditional and chromatographic protein isotherms of albumin binding on modified cotton fibers are useful in understanding albumin binding to cellulose wound dressings. An important consideration in the design of cellulosic wound dressings is adsorption and accumulation of proteins like albumin at the solid-liquid interface of the biological fluid and wound dressing fiber. To better understand the effect of fiber charge and molecular modifications in cellulose-containing fibers on the binding of serum albumin as observed in protease sequestrant dressings, albumin binding to modified cotton fibers was compared with traditional and chromatographic isotherms. Modified cotton including carboxymethylated, citrate-crosslinked, dialdehyde and phosphorylated cotton, which sequester elastase and collagenase, were compared for their albumin binding isotherms. Albumin isotherms on citrate-cellulose, cross-linked cotton demonstrated a two-fold increased binding affinity over untreated cotton. A comparison of albumin binding between traditional, solution isotherms and chromatographic isotherms on modified cellulose yielded similar equilibrium constants. Application of the binding affinity of albumin obtained in the in vitro protein isotherm to the in vivo wound dressing uptake of the protein is discussed. The chromatographic approach to assessment of albumin isotherms on modified cellulose offers a more rapid approach to evaluating protein binding on modified cellulose over traditional solution approaches.
The fuglede commutativity theorem modulo the hilbert-schmidt class and generating functions for matrix operators

We prove the following statements about bounded linear operators on a separable, complex Hilbert space: (1) Every normal operator N that is similar to a Hilbert-Schmidt perturbation of a diagonal operator D is unitarily equivalent to a Hilbert-Schmidt perturbation of D; (2) For every normal operator N, diagonal operator D and bounded operator X, the Hilbert-Schmidt norms (finite or infinite) of NX XD and N*X XD* are equal; (3) If NX XN and N*X XN* are Hilbert-Schmidt operators, then their Hilbert-Schmidt norms are equal; (4) If X is a Hilbert-Schmidt operator and N is a normal operator so that NX XN is a trace class operator, then Trace(NX XN) = 0; (5) For every normal operator N that is a Hilbert-Schmidt perturbation of a diagonal operator, and every bounded operator X, the Hilbert-Schmidt norms (finite or infinite) of NX XN and N*X XN* are equal. The main technique employs the use of a new concept which we call 'generating functions for matrices'. Let H denote a separable, complex Hilbert space and let L(H) denote the class of all bounded linear operators acting on H. Let K(H) denote the class of compact operators in L(H) and let Cp denote the Schatten p-class (O 0, there exist a diagonal operator D and a Hilbert-Schmidt operator Ke with lIKe 112 < e for which N _ D + Ke (_ denotes unitary equivalence). (2) For every normal operator N, there exist a diagonal operator D and a K E C2 for which N-D + K. (3) For every normal operator N and bounded operator X, JINX XN112 = IIN*X XN*112. Received by the editors March 3, 1977 and, in revised form, August 29, 1977. AMS (MOS) subject classifications (1970). Primary 47A05, 47A55, 47B10, 47B15, 47B47; Secondary 05A15, 05B20.
Identification of the Plasma Membrane Proteolipid Protein as a Constituent of Brain Coated Vesicles and Synaptic Plasma Membrane

We have analyzed brain coated vesicles and synaptic plasma membrane for the presence of the plasma membrane proteolipid protein. Coated vesicles were isolated from calf brain gray matter with a final purification on Sephacryl S-1000 and reisolated twice by chromatography to ensure homogeneity. Fractions were analyzed by gel electrophoresis, immunoblotting for clathrin heavy chain, and by electron microscopy. Using an immunoblotting assay we were able to demonstrate the presence of the plasma membrane proteolipid protein in these coated vesicles at a significant level (i.e., approximately 1% of the bilayer protein of these vesicles). Reisolation of coated vesicles did not diminish the concentration of the protein in this fraction. Removal of the clathrin coat proteins or exposure of the coated vesicles to 0.1 M Na2CO3 showed that the plasma membrane proteolipid protein is not removed during uncoating and lysis but is intrinsic to the membrane bilayer of these vesicles. These studies demonstrate that plasma membrane proteolipid protein represents a significant amount of the bilayer protein of coated vesicles, suggesting that these vesicles may be a transport vehicle for the intracellular movement of the plasma membrane proteolipid protein. Isolation of synaptic plasma membranes proteolipid adult rat brain and estimation of the plasma membrane proteolipid protein content using the immunoblotting method confirmed earlier studies that show this protein is present in this membrane fraction at high levels as well (approximately 1-2%). The level of this protein in the synaptic plasma membrane suggests that the synaptic plasma membrane is one major site to which these vesicles may be targeted or from which the protein is being retrieved.
Transient thermal response of plane Couette flow with viscous heat generation-effect of a solid conducting boundary

Abstract The transient thermal response of a Couette flow is examined. One of the bounding surfaces is taken to have finite mass and absorbs part of the heat generated by viscous dissipation. In practical experimental systems the rate of approach of the fluid to its equilibrium temperature profile is significantly retarded by the response of the boundary. The implications of this analysis for the treatment of viscometric data are noted.
Nutrient induced changes in the species composition of epiphytes on Cladophora glomerata Kütz. (Chlorophyta)

Cladophora glomerata is a widely distributed filamentous freshwater alga that hosts a complex microalgal epiphyte assemblage. We manipulated nutrients and epiphyte abundances to access their effects on epiphyte biomass, epiphyte species composition, and C. glomerata growth. C. glomerata did not grow in response to these manipulations. Similarly, nutrient and epiphyte removal treatments did not alter epiphyte biovolume. Epiphyte species composition, however, changed dramatically with nutrient enrichment. The epiphyte assemblage on unenriched C. glomerata was dominated by Epithemia sorex and Epithemia adnata, whereas the assemblage on enriched C. glomerata was dominated by Achnanthidium minutissimum, Nitzschia palea and Synedra spp. These results indicate that nutrients strongly structure epiphyte species composition. Interactions between C. glomerata and its epiphytes were not affected by epiphyte species composition in our experiment but may be when C. glomerata is actively growing.
HIV-Positive Women Report More Lifetime Partner Violence: Findings From a Voluntary Counseling and Testing Clinic in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Objectives. Experiences of partner violence were compared between HIV-positive and HIV-negative women. Methods. Of 340 women enrolled, 245 (72%) were followed and interviewed 3 months after HIV testing to estimate the prevalence and identify the correlates of violence. Results. The odds of reporting at least 1 violent event was significantly higher among HIV-positive women than among HIV-negative women (physical violence odds ratio [OR] = 2.63; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.23, 5.63; sexual violence OR = 2.39; 95% CI = 1.21, 4.73). Odds of reporting partner violence was 10 times higher among younger (< 30 years) HIV-positive women than among younger HIV-negative women (OR = 9.99; 95% CI = 2.67, 37.37). Conclusions. Violence is a risk factor for HIV infection that must be addressed through multilevel prevention approaches.
Finite-amplitude steady waves in plane viscous shear flows

Computations of two-dimensional solutions of the Navier–Stokes equations are carried out for finite-amplitude waves on steady unidirectional flow. Several cases are considered. The numerical method employs pseudospectral techniques in the streamwise direction and finite differences on a stretched grid in the transverse direction, with matching to asymptotic solutions when unbounded. Earlier results for Poiseuille flow in a channel are re-obtained, except that attention is drawn to the dependence of the minimum Reynolds number on the physical constraint of constant flux or constant pressure gradient. Attempts to calculate waves in Couette flow by continuation in the velocity of a channel wall fail. The asymptotic suction boundary layer is shown to possess finite-amplitude waves at Reynolds numbers orders of magnitude less than the critical Reynolds number for linear instability. Waves in the Blasius boundary layer and unsteady Rayleigh profile are calculated by employing the artifice of adding a body force to cancel the spatial or temporal growth. The results are verified by comparison with perturbation analysis in the vicinity of the linear-instability critical Reynolds numbers.
Intraoperative reported adverse events in children.

Background Significant intra-procedural adverse events(AE) are reported in children who receive anesthesia for procedures outside the Operating Rooms(NORA). No study, so far, has characterized AE in children who receive anesthesia in the operating rooms(ORA) and NORA when anesthesia care is provided by the same team in a consistent manner.
Breaking up is hard to do: an investigation of decomposition for assume-guarantee reasoning

Finite-state verification techniques are often hampered by the stateexplosion problem. One proposed approach for addressing this problem is assume-guarantee reasoning. Using recent advances in assume-guarantee reasoning that automatically generate assumptions, we undertook a study to determine if assume-guarantee reasoning provides an advantage over monolithic verification. In this study, we considered all two-way decompositions for a set of systems and properties, using two different verifiers, FLAVERS and LTSA. By increasing the number of repeated tasks, we evaluated the decompositions as the systems were scaled. In only a few cases could assume-guarantee reasoning verify properties on larger systems than monolithic verification and, in these cases, assumeguarantee reasoning could only verify these properties on systems a few sizes larger than monolithic verification. This discouraging result, although preliminary, raises doubts about the usefulness of assume-guarantee reasoning.
Incorporating post-translational modifications and unnatural amino acids into high-throughput modeling of protein structures

Motivation: Accurately predicting protein side-chain conformations is an important subproblem of the broader protein structure prediction problem. Several methods exist for generating fairly accurate models for moderate-size proteins in seconds or less. However, a major limitation of these methods is their inability to model post-translational modifications (PTMs) and unnatural amino acids. In natural living systems, the chemical groups added following translation are often critical for the function of the protein. In engineered systems, unnatural amino acids are incorporated into proteins to explore structure–function relationships and create novel proteins. Results: We present a new version of SIDEpro to predict the side chains of proteins containing non-standard amino acids, including 15 of the most frequently observed PTMs in the Protein Data Bank and all types of phosphorylation. SIDEpro uses energy functions that are parameterized by neural networks trained from available data. For PTMs, the and accuracies are comparable with those obtained for the precursor amino acid, and so are the RMSD values for the atoms shared with the precursor amino acid. In addition, SIDEpro can accommodate any PTM or unnatural amino acid, thus providing a flexible prediction system for high-throughput modeling of proteins beyond the standard amino acids. Availability and implementation: SIDEpro programs and Web server, rotamer libraries and data are available through the SCRATCH suite of protein structure predictors at http://scratch.proteomics.ics.uci.edu/ Contact: ude.icu@idlabfp Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Developing Culturally Targeted Diabetes Educational Materials for Older Russian-Speaking Immigrants:

PurposeOlder adults who immigrate late in life face many challenges adapting to a new country. Immigrants bring their cultural beliefs and behaviors with them, which can influence their ability to ...
Brom Cresol Green and Brom Phenol Blue as Indicators of Respiration Deficiency in Yeast

Strains of Saccharomyces which contained cells of respirationally normal (wild-type) and of respiration-deficient (RD) mutants were grown on untrient agar plates containing 20–23 mg/liter of either brom cresol green (BCG) or brom phenol blue (BPB). Glucose content of the media was varied experimentally in the range of 1.5–6%. After 2-4 days of incubation, normal colonies were very palely stained whereas RD colonies were drak green with BCG and dark blue with BPB. Optimum glucose content in the medium was 2-3% for S. cerevisiae, S. carlbergensis and S. chevalieri, but Fleischmann's (baker's) yeast developed the best color contrast with 4–5% glucose.