cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Characteristics of Vibrating Cone Crusher with Dual Exciters Considering Material Effects

In this paper, the structure, the characteristics and the working principle of vibrating cone crusher with dual exciters were introduced. The hysteretic features of material layers were analyzed. The hysteretic force model with bidirectional symmetrical clearances for the material layer was presented. The mechanical model of two-degree of freedom with bilinear hysteresis and the nonlinear vibration equations of the system were proposed. The equivalent damping and stiffness coefficients of the vibrating system were calculated by asymptotic method. The displacement responses of the system were computed by numerical method and asymptotic method. The results showed that the system responses obtained by an approximate analytical solution were basically identical with the numerical simulation results of the original system.
Creative Alaska: creative capital and economic development opportunities in Alaska

The flaws of the 20th century–type development ‘mega–projects’ in the circumpolar North prompt Arctic regions actively to search for alternative strategies of regional development that break away from resource–dependency and reconcile local (traditional) societies with the realities of post–Fordism and globalisation. This paper presents a study that focuses on the notion of creative capital (CC) and assesses its ability to foster economic development in Alaska. The findings suggest that some characteristics of the CC observed in Alaskan communities are similar to those found in southern regions, whereas others are distinct (but similar to those in the Canadian North). In Alaska, the synergy between cultural economy, entrepreneurship and leadership appear to be more important in characterising creative capacities than formal education. The geographical distribution of the CC is uneven and heavily clustered in economically, geographically and politically privileged northern urban centres. However, some remote regions also demonstrate considerable levels of creative potential, in particular associated with the aboriginal cultural capital (artists, crafters, etc.). A number of Alaskan regions, creative ‘hot spots’, could become places that can benefit from alternative strategies of regional development based on CC, knowledge–based and cultural economies.
Lipid Droplet Biogenesis

Lipid droplets (LDs) are found in most cells, where they play central roles in energy and membrane lipid metabolism. The de novo biogenesis of LDs is a fascinating, yet poorly understood process involving the formation of a monolayer bound organelle from a bilayer membrane. Additionally, large LDs can form either by growth of existing LDs or by the combination of smaller LDs through several distinct mechanisms. Here, we review recent insights into the molecular process governing LD biogenesis and highlight areas of incomplete knowledge.
Teasing Apart the Contribution of Memory and Language Impairments in Alzheimer's Disease

Sentence comprehension is a complex activity that depends on many different component skills, including the ability to understand individual words, integrate the meanings of adjacent words, and int...
Pyrolysis of Transvaal kerogens. II. An evaluation of vacuum pyrolysis with polyethylene, polystyrene and their mixtures with minerals

Abstract A series of experiments have been conducted with polyethylene and polystyrene standards in an attempt to define the advantages and limitations of a vacuum pyrolysis—gas chromatography—mass spectrometry procedure for the characterization of kerogen and other macromolecular substances. Effects of variations in pyrolysis temperatures and times, sample sizes (weights) and thickness were evaluated together with the reproducibility of the nature and abundances of pyrolyzates. The effects of minerals (illite and quartz) admixed in the polymers were also considered with reference to the nature of the breakdown products. Optimal pyrolysis conditions, where primary pyrolyzates were sufficiently abundant and secondary products did not hinder characterization, were attained at 450°C and 60–90 min. The reproducibility of the nature and quantities of pyrolyzates was rather satisfactory at this temperature and pyrolysis time. However, relatively large samples of macromolecular matter, which is considerably volatile at this temperature, led to the synthesis of an abundant yield of secondary products, but sample thickness does not affect the nature of pyrolyzates. Admixed mineral matter affected the nature and relative abundances of the pyrolyzates but did not impede characterization of samples, as primary breakdown products were discernible. Macromolecular substances of limited volatility, heterogeneous chemical composition and containing intractable mineral matter, such as many kerogens, need to be pyrolyzed as relatively large samples. The vacuum procedure used in these studies may be to advantage, as compared with some other methods, to pyrolyze such samples. This method seems to be also suitable for the pyrolysis of volatile macromolecular matter, provided that small samples are employed.
Surgical approach for patients with unstable angina pectoris: role of the response to initial medical therapy and intraaortic balloon pumping in perioperative complications after aortocoronary bypass grafting.

Abstract The role of the response to initial medical therapy and intraaortic balloon pumping in perioperative complications was evaluated in 194 consecutive patients with unstable angina pectoris who underwent cardiac catheterization and coronary surgery from July 1975 through December 1977. Sixty-four patients (33 percent) responded to medical therapy within 48 hours after the initiation of full medical therapy in the coronary care unit and underwent elective cardiac catheterization and coronary surgery; 130 patients (67 percent) did not respond to medical therapy. Of these 130 patients, 75 (58 percent) received the preoperative assistance of an intraaortic balloon pump and underwent emergency cardiac catheterization and surgery. Fifty-five patients (42 percent) of the medical non-responders were not treated with an intraaortic pump and underwent emergency cardiac catheterization and surgery. Chi square analysis revealed that the clinical characteristics of the patients in all three groups were similar. The overall rate of operative mortality was 6.1 percent. Medical responders had no operative mortality, medical nonresponders with intraaortic balloon pumping had an operative mortality rate of 5.3 percent and medical nonresponders without balloon pumping a rate of 14.5 percent. The overall incidence rate of perioperative myocardial infarction was 13 percent; it was 6 percent in medical responders, 6.6 percent in nonresponders with intraaortic balloon pumping and 29 percent in non-responders without intraaortic balloon pumping. Thus, this study suggests that perioperative complications can be minimized by initial aggressive medical therapy. If this therapy fails, intraaortic balloon counterpulsation can produce a reduction in perioperative complications similar to that produced by medical therapy.
Economic analysis of short and ultra-short rotation forestry

Abstract A model for determining a long-run optimal stationary harvesting cycle (rotation) for short rotation forestry is presented. The model uses a linear complementarity approach and is adapted from recent work in the area of economic growth theory. Use of the model in analysis of the effect of tree spacing on production cost and woody biomass production pattern allows identification of least-cost production systems and research and development needs. Analysis of two types of short rotation plantations, one with relatively large spacings within and between rows and the other involving very dense planting, is presented. The approach of planting cuttings at very high density (up to 64 cuttings per square meter) results in trees growing in a manner similar to tall grasses and hence it is termed the ‘wood-grass’ approach. This wood-grass system, which would be the leastcost system when the cost of planting stock is reduced through mechanical production and new high productivity planting equipment is developed, shows promise of acceptance by farmers as an annual crop. Revenues from the production of wood-grass would be realized annually and because the coppicing stumps would be small, land used for the production of wood-grass could be converted readily to the production of other crops, offering a high degree of crop flexibility.
Imaging Bacterial Colonization of the Zebrafish Gut with Selective Plane Illumination

Microbes are a major component of living animals, outnumbering the human cells in humans, for example, by an order of magnitude. The mechanisms by which resident microbial communities assemble, however, are very poorly understood, in large part due to the difficulty of imaging microbes inside animals and to the scarcity of tractable model systems. Selective plane illumination microscopy (SPIM), also known as light sheet fluorescence microscopy, is a recently developed imaging technique that is able to acquire high-speed three-dimensional images over long periods of time with high resolution, a wide field of view, and low levels of phototoxicity. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are well-studied model vertebrates that are transparent during larval life when their intestines are first colonized by bacteria. We can rear germ-free zebrafish that can then be inoculated with particular bacterial species expressing fluorescent proteins. Using a home-built SPIM microscope, we have begun to investigate the dynamics of bacterial colonization of the larval zebrafish intestine. We provide here the first demonstration that SPIM has the resolution and speed necessary to image individual bacteria as well as larger colonies over periods of several hours. Imaging colonies allows quantification of changes in the spatial distribution of bacterial populations, while imaging individuals makes it possible to explore the motility of these organisms in more natural settings than conventional culture-based assays allow.
Expression analysis of cystatin C and M in laser-capture microdissectioned human breast cancer cells—a preliminary study

Cathepsins B and L, implicated in the progression of malignant tumors, are regulated by a family of endogenous inhibitors referred to as the cystatins. Cystatin M was identified by differential display as down-regulated gene in metastatic breast cancer cells. However, this finding has yet to be confirmed in clinical breast cancer specimens. Our objective is to examine the expression levels of cystatins C, M, and cathepsins B and L mRNA in breast cancer cells isolated by laser capture microdissection. The mRNA and protein levels of cathepsin B, L, and cystatin C and M in breast cancer specimens were determined utilizing laser capture microdissection/RT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemical methods. Expression levels of either cystatin M or C were not significantly different between lymph node-positive and -negative breast carcinomas. Increased expression levels of both cystatin M and C correlated significantly with larger tumor size. Cystatin M mRNA was detected by in situ hybridization in both primary and metastatic breast cancer cells. Our findings are at variance with a previous report proposing a metastasis suppressive function for cystatin M. Therefore, additional studies in a larger series with adequate follow-up are necessary to elucidate the biologic significance of cystatin M expression in breast cancer metastasis.
New studies on the effect of bearing loads in lugs with clearance fit pins

Abstract Pin joints are used very commonly in many engineering fields. In practice the sizes of the pins and the holes are not perfectly matched. This difference may be characterised by a mismatch parameter. Also intentional interference is introduced to improve fatigue life, or clearance is provided as in the case of hinges in lugs. In both of these cases the pin/plate interface (contact/separation) is a nonlinear function of the load. For illustration the pin is treated as rigid and the pin/hole interface as smooth. A finite element analysis with inverse formulation is carried out to study the stress distributions, and the results are concisely presented by defining suitable parameters. The results show some interesting features. The normalised maximum bearing stress on the hole boundary not only varies nonlinearly with the magnitude of the load parameter but the nonlinear law depends on the type of load (push or pull) on the pin.
Consistency of Arese II Cloud Absorption Estimates and Sampling Issues

Data from three cloudy days (March 3, 21, 29, 2000) of the ARM Enhanced Shortwave Experiment II (ARESE II) were analyzed. Grand averages of broadband absorptance among three sets of instruments were compared. Fractional solar absorptances were approx. 0.21-0.22 with the exception of March 3 when two sets of instruments gave values smaller by approx. 0.03-0.04. The robustness of these values was investigated by looking into possible sampling problems with the aid of 500 nm spectral fluxes. Grand averages of 500 nm apparent absorptance cover a wide range of values for these three days, namely from a large positive (approx. 0.011) average for March 3, to a small negative (approximately -0.03) for March 21, to near zero (approx. 0.01) for March 29. We present evidence suggesting that a large part of the discrepancies among the three days is due to the different nature of clouds and their non-uniform sampling. Hence, corrections to the grand average broadband absorptance values may be necessary. However, application of the known correction techniques may be precarious due to the sparsity of collocated flux measurements above and below the clouds. Our analysis leads to the conclusion that only March 29 fulfills all requirements for reliable estimates of cloud absorption, that is, the presence of thick, overcast, homogeneous clouds.
Performance analysis for radar detection of buried antitank and antipersonnel land mines

A full-wave model is developed for electromagnetic scattering from buried and surface land mines, taking rigorous account of the lossy, dispersive and potentially layered properties of soil. The theoretical results are confirmed via synthetic aperture radar (SAR) measurements, performed using the US Army Research Laboratory's BoomSAR, with which fully polarimetric ultra-wideband SAR imagery is produced. The theoretical model is used to predict wave phenomenology in various environments. Since the efficacy of radar-based subsurface sensing depends strongly on the soil properties, we perform a parametric study of the dependence of such on the target RCS and on possible land-mine resonances.
Comment on "Euler's Rotational Equations for Bodies with the Inertia Varying due to Mass Redistribution and Mass Loss"

E (15-17) describe the case of torque-free (should be M = 0) mass redistribution, with material particles displaced in an arbitrary manner along radial directions (f, r, and r are collinear). For the torque-free abla'tion case analyzed in the subject Note, released particles also remain along their original radial directions. This is the reason for considering not the most general case of f and r along any arbitrary direction in Eqs. (15-17). In this case, the angular velocity of the body in steady state would be the same as that of a corresponding rigid body having the same mass distribution. Introduction of arbitrary directions for r would make Eqs. (15-17) more complex because of the presence of the torque (M ^ 0) and, as T. R. Kane correctly indicates, would obscure the meaning of angular velocity. However, it would not modify general conclusions of the subject Note. Because motion of particles along radial directions occurs in any arbitrary manner, the given form of Eqs. (15-17) is considered to be sufficiently general for the purpose of the subject Note, which was intended only to show the difference between Euler's formulations for mass redistribution and mass loss for otherwise similar conditions. This point, however, was not sufficiently explained in the subject Note. An explanatory footnote would have been helpful.
Investigating the Impact of Age on Outcome of Mechanical Ventilation Using a Population of 41,848 Patients From a Statewide Database

Study objective To examine the impact of age on outcome from mechanical ventilation. Design Retrospective analysis of a statewide database. Setting All acute-care hospitals in New York State. Patients All patients, aged 18 years and over, requiring mechanical ventilation during 1990 who could be identified with a mechanical ventilation procedure code (93.92) were studied. Data were obtained in aggregate form (six or more cases) from the New York State Department of Health. This process required a detailed request letter to the Statewide Planning and Cooperative System (SPARCS). Transmission of confidential information was not desired or permitted. Measurements and results Age and mortality rate (MR) fit a cuboidal regression model best (MR= −25.55+ 3.98Age-0.072Age 2 +0.00043Age 3 , R 2 =0.85). Mortality rates vary significantly across various broad diagnostic groups (p Conclusions Age has an important effect on outcome from mechanical ventilation. Other factors, such as ICU duration and diagnosis, also influence outcome, and age should not be used as a sole criterion in evaluating the potential benefit of mechanical ventilation to an individual patient. Large, existing databases, such as SPARCS, may be useful in studying the application of mechanical ventilation.
Design of Reflex Actions for Compensating High Amplitude Disturbances to Digital Controllers

When a system controlled by a low-frequency digital feedback controller experiences a sudden large disturbance such as an impact, its dynamic performance and stability may deteriorate. Inspired by various reflex actions in human body, analog reflex actions are designed to compensate the effects of large disturbances to digital controllers. The human reflexes are triggered by motor neurons as soon as sensory neurons detect stimuli above a threshold without any decision process involving the brain. In this approach, large disturbances are attenuated more rapidly by external sensor-actuator modules connected with only analog components. A series of simulations is performed to design the reflex actions and its findings are articulated in this paper. The system performance is evaluated by measuring the peak error and the settling time. The paper presents a discussion on various techniques to determine appropriate reflex actions with only minimal information about the disturbance profiles.Copyright ?? 2012 by ASME
A validational study of the Chapin social insight test.

Although little known or used in present-day psychology, the Chapin Social Insight Test appears to be a potentially valuable psychometric tool. It is addressed to a capacity of fundamental importan...
First insights into the genes that control plant–bacterial interactions

The events leading up to the cloning of the first bacterial avirulence gene, avrA, from Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea are described. The cloning of this gene marked the beginning of the molecular analyses of bacterial effectors and has paved the way for determining of the role of bacterial effectors in pathogen virulence and the triggering of plant innate immunity.
Student beliefs about learning communication skills

Communication remains an essential skill for engineering graduates in both academic and industry settings, and ABET considers it a key student learning outcome for accreditation. Despite numerous studies of effective approaches to integrating communication into disciplinary courses, few engineering courses apply those approaches. To address this gap, we have undertaken a multi-year mixed methods study to explore faculty and student beliefs about communication. Faculty beliefs have been reported elsewhere; this paper focuses on student beliefs. We analyzed five focus groups conducted with engineering students at partner schools. The focus groups sought to uncover students' beliefs about where and how they learned communication skills within their engineering education. Focus groups were recorded and transcribed verbatim, then coded using standard open-coding procedures. The findings indicate that while students do have opportunities to practice communication in engineering courses, they may not always have optimal opportunities to learn communication in those courses. Most notably, students desired more examples and direct instruction for communication skills, including not only samples of “good” documents but also explanations about why they were good. Identifying pedagogical gaps between faculty practice and student experiences can help us develop targeted strategies to help creatively integrate these critical skills into an already packed engineering curriculum.
Contrast transesophageal echocardiographic detection of a pulmonary arteriovenous malformation draining into left lower pulmonary vein.

We report the identification of a pulmonary arteriovenous malformation draining into the left lower pulmonary vein by contrast two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography in an adult with no evidence of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. To our knowledge, this has not been reported previously. This study also emphasizes the importance of transesophageal echocardiographic examination of the left lower pulmonary vein in the detection of a pulmonary arteriovenous malformation. (ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, Volume 20, May 2003)
Replicated condition monitoring

A condition monitoring system tracks real-world variables and alerts users when a predefined condition becomes true, e.g., when stock price drops, or when a nuclear reactor over-heats. Replication of monitoring servers can reduce the probability that an important alert is missed. However, replicated independent servers can sometimes report “conflicting” alerts to the user, causing confusion. In this paper, we study the problem of replicated condition monitoring. We identify and formally define three desirable properties of a replicated system, namely, orderedness, consistency, and completeness. We propose new monitoring algorithms that enforce some or all of the desired properties in different scenarios.
Digoxin-17β-Estradiol-6,73H Interaction: In Vivo and in Vitro Studies on Rat Uterine Tissue

In vivo studies with 17β-estradiol- 6,73H and digoxin in rats demonstrate that uterine estradiol uptake and concurrent uterine weight changes induced by digoxin can simulate competitive inhibition at ½ hr. At 24 hr, both uterine uptake of estradiol and uterine weights were augmented. These changes were most likely secondary to delayed subcutaneous absorption of 17β-estradiol- 6,73H induced by digoxin. In vitro studies did not reveal either inhibition or augmentation of uptake of estradiol when a wide range of digoxin and digoxigenin doses were used. The results suggest that digoxin does not competitively inhibit estradiol binding in the rat uterus.(Endocrinology 93: 1219, 1973)
Multi-stage, pull-type production/inventory systems

A production/inventory system consisting of multiple stages in series with arbitrary processing times and with intermediate buffer inventories is considered. There is a finished product warehouse at which demand occurs for the finished products according to a compound Poisson process. Inventory levels of both intermediate and finished stocks are controlled by a continuous-review (R, r) inventory control policy. Production at a stage continues until the inventory level in the downstream buffer reaches its target value R. Once the inventory level drops to its reorder level r, the stage undergoes a set-up and production resumes. An approximation method is developed to obtain the steady-state performance measures of the system. Numerical examples are presented to show the accuracy of the proposed method.
Ultrastructural studies of the primate lateral geniculate nucleus: morphology and spatial relationships of axon terminals arising from the retina, visual cortex (area 17), superior colliculus, parabigeminal nucleus, and pretectum of Galago crassicaudatus.

The electron microscopic autoradiographic tracing method has been used to examine the morphology and postsynaptic relationships of five projections (retina, cortical area 17, superior colliculus (tectal), parabigeminal nucleus, and pretectum) to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the greater bush baby galago crassicaudatus. Retinal terminals have been examined in the contralaterally innervated layer of each of the three matched pairs [parvi-(X-cell), magno- (Y--cell), and koniocellular (small, W-cell)] of geniculate layers. These terminals are large and contain pale mitochondria and round vesicles (RLPs). RLPs are presynaptic to juxtasomatic regions of parvi-and magnocellular neurons. In contrast, RLPs innervate more distal regions of konicellular neurons. Labeled cortical, tectal, and parabigeminal terminals are relatively small and contain round vesicles na dark mitochondria. Cortical terminals in each of the three representative layers are presynaptic to small diameter dendrites. No convergence of cortical and retinal terminals has been seen in any layer. Labeled tectal and parabigminal terminals are found primarily in the koniocellular layers, but the latter are also seen in all other layers. Tectal and parabigeminal terminals have been observed converging with retinal terminals on dendrites of some koniocellular neurons. Labeled pretectogeniculate terminals contain densely packed pleomorphic vesicles, dark mitochondria, and a dark cytoplasmic matric. These terminals, which are present in each of the representative layers, are presynaptic to conventional dendrites and profiles containing loosely despersed pleomorphic vesicles and a pale cytoplasmic matrix. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Quality of care in licensed and unlicensed home care agencies: a California case study.

This descriptive study examines quality of care issues among licensed and unlicensed home care agencies in California. Data were collected from interviews with 56 key informants in state and federal agencies, representatives of provider associations, consumer groups, professional associations, licensed and unlicensed home care providers, referral agencies, and legislators. Primary and secondary data from state and federal sources were collected and analyzed. Many problems were found in the quality of services delivered by both licensed and unlicensed agencies. Most respondents were concerned about the potentially serious quality of care problems for consumers who received care from unlicensed agencies. However, the large number of providers and the diversity in provider types offering home care services make it difficult to monitor the quality of care being delivered in the home. The findings indicate that there are similar problems in the quality of servrces provided by licensed and unlicensed agencies. ...
What are the best affordable multi-coefficient strategies for calculating transition state geometries and barrier heights?

We compare hybrid density functional theory and multi-coefficient correlation methods for locating saddle point geometries and calculating barrier heights on a Born−Oppenhiemer potential energy surface. We located reactant, product, and saddle point stationary points by the multi-coefficient Gaussian-3 (MCG3) method for 15 reactions, and by the multi-coefficient quadratic configuration interaction with single and double excitations (MC-QCISD) method for 22 reactions; and the resulting structures and energies are compared to those obtained by the Moller−Plesset second order perturbation theory (MP2), QCISD, and modified Perdew−Wang 1-parameter-for-kinetics (MPW1K) methods. We examined three single-level methods with two basis sets, 6-31+G(d,p) and MG3. By comparison to calculations on five systems where the saddle point has been optimized at a high level of theory, we conclude that the best saddle point geometries for the methods tested are those found at the MC-QCISD, MCG3, and MPW1K levels. MP2 was shown...
Molecular glass resists for EUV lithography

The semiconductor industry requires new photoresist materials in order to operate in the sub-50 nm regime. In addition to meeting the resolution and line edge roughness requirements, these photoresists must be transparent in the extreme ultraviolet and have excellent etch resistance characteristics. This report highlights several small molecule molecular glasses, which are low molecular weight organic materials that demonstrate a glass transition temperature as well as a low tendency towards crystallization, with new architectures designed for EUV lithography. Transparency at the EUV wavelength of 13.4 nm may be enhanced by incorporation of low absorbing atoms such as C, H and Si. Rigid, asymmetric structures have been included in order to reduce crystallization and increase Tg. Studying the effects of these design characteristics across a continuum of architectures enables greater insight into the factors affecting photoresist performance.
Rethinking children’s rights: attitudes in contemporary society

by Phil Jones and Sue Welch, London, Continuum, 2010, 193 pp., $34.95 (paperback), ISBN 978‐1‐84706‐324‐3 This book focuses on the rights of children from birth to age 17 by presenting qualitative ...
Risk of post-operative complications associated with anti- TNF therapy in inflammatory bowel disease

There have been increasing concerns regarding the safety of perioperative anti-tumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) α agents. We performed a literature review to evaluate the post-operative complications associated with perioperative anti-TNF use in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. A comprehensive review was performed with a literature search utilizing Pub Med, Cochrane, OVID and EMBASE databases according to published guidelines. To date, there are only data for infliximab. There are three published studies which have assessed post-operative complications with perioperative infliximab use in patients with Crohn's disease (CD), four studies in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, and one study on both CD and UC patients. Two out of the three studies in CD patients showed no increased post-operative complications associated with perioperative infliximab. Two out of four studies in UC patients also did not show an increase in post-operative complications, and the combined study with CD and UC patients did not show an increased risk as well. Study results could not be combined secondary to significant differences in study designs, patient population and definition of their endpoints. There appears to be a risk of post-operative complications associated with TNF therapy in some patients. Based on these data, careful patient selection and prospective data collection should be performed.
Do Workplace Flexibility Policies Influence Time Spent in Domestic Labor

Using data from a U.S. midwestern sample of mothers and fathers, the authors examine whether using workplace flexibility policies alters time spent in housework and child care. They hypothesize that an individual’s policy use will lead to more time in domestic labor and that his or her spouse’s policy use will lead to less time in domestic labor. Several results support their hypotheses. Mothers who work part-time spend more time in housework and their husbands spend less time in housework. Also, mothers who work at home spend more time in child care. One policy has the opposite of the predicted effect: Wives with flexible work schedules do less housework, and their husbands do more. Overall, mothers’ policy use has counterbalancing effects on their own and their spouses’ domestic labor time, implying that policy use has little net impact on total domestic labor time within dual-earner families.
Determination of the Mechanical Response of Sintering Compacts by Cyclic Loading Dilatometry

Determination of the mechanical response of a powder compact during densification is critical in analyzing defect formation and macroscopic dimensional changes, particularly in systems where constrained sintering is involved. Cyclic loading dilatometry is proposed as a novel approach in evaluating the mechanical response of the sintering compact, including sintering pressure, elastic modulus, and viscosity. The advantage of this technique is that only one experiment is needed to determine the equilibrium elastic and viscous properties of a sintering material at any temperatures for any given heating schedule, and no interrupted tests are necessary. This methodology is demonstrated for sintering compacts of Al 2 O 3 , Ce-TZP, and their composite mixture. The loading dilatometric data showed that the compact behaved elastically prior to the onset of sintering and during the very initial stages of sintering, which was followed by a transition leading to a viscous behavior for the latter part of the densification. Application of different load levels, ranging from 0.25 to 1 MPa, showed that the compact viscosity is essentially linear within the applied stress range at temperatures greater than 1100°C.
The Politics of Punishment: Evaluating Political Explanations of Incarceration Rates

Why have incarceration rates dramatically increased even as crime rates have remained stable or even declined? This is a question of considerable policy and theoretical relevance that currently has no satisfactory answer. I attempt to address this question by examining the key political explanations of prison populations and the unit of analysis and data limitation obstacles that make it difficult to conduct a comprehensive empirical analysis of these frameworks. I address these issues and undertake such an analysis using a pooled state-level analysis covering the years 1980–1995. Results suggest that the growth in prison populations has little to do with changes in crime rates or government response to citizen attitudes. Instead it is the most basic elements of the political environment (partisanship and elections) and the continuing legacy of racial social cleavages that explain why incarceration rates have increased.
Propulsion powered electric guns-a comparison of power system architectures

Alternative power system architectures and interface technologies for driving high-energy pulsed loads from the propulsion equipment of naval surface combatants are compared. Gas turbine mechanical and gas turbine integrated electric drive propulsion trains are considered as prime power sources. Focus is on the energy path between the ship's prime power and the pulsed load, comparing system candidates on a size, weight, and component cost basis. A capacitor-based pulse forming network (PFN) supplying an electrothermal chemical gun is utilized as the common load for all configurations. Results indicate that dedicated auxiliary generators driven from propulsion gas turbine engines are the preferred method of powering electric gun PFNs from ship drive-train equipment. Auxiliary generator-based systems are compact and lightweight over a wide power range, are equally attractive with both electric and mechanical drive trains, and demonstrate retrofit potential to the current fleet. >
Substrate optimization for monitoring cathepsin C activity in live cells.

Abstract A series of peptidic fluorogenic substrates were synthesized to develop a flow cytometry assay (FACS) to monitor the proteolytic activity of cathepsin C in live cells. Of the 16 substrates tested, (NH2-aminobutyric-homophenylalanine)2-rhodamine demonstrated the best reactivity and selectivity profile in the FACS assay using the B721 human B-lymphoblastoid cell line. The resulting FACS assay was validated through correlation of the IC50 values with a competitive radiolabeling assay against a series of small molecule inhibitors of cathepsin C.
What Remains? Reconciling Repatriation, Aboriginal Culture, Representation and the Past

This paper uses the repatriation and ceremonial reburial of Indigenous remains to La Perouse, an Indigenous community in Sydney, as a lens through which to examine the cultural politics of representation and recognition that are central to contemporary Aboriginal identity construction. The return of the skeletal remains of 21 individuals highlights the role that representative bodies — past and present, individual and organizational — play in engagements between the State and Aboriginal people. Heralded by some as a sincere sign of reconciliation and treated as suspect and misguided by others, the reburial produced diverse responses from both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people alike. Speakers at the repatriation focused on righting the wrongs of the past, reconciliation, and moving forward in cooperation, suggesting the redemptive significance of these events. Among Kooris at La Perouse, debates about community, representation, and belonging expose the ways that Aboriginal people and communities operate through, against, and beyond ‘whitefella’ structures of recognition to define who they are and what their culture is.
Metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma presenting as intracranial hemorrhage: imaging findings

The CNS is rarely the first site of metastasis for rhabdomyosarcoma. CNS involvement is uncommon, and usually seen as leptomeningeal spread after development of pulmonary metastases. We present the imaging findings in a 13-year-old boy in whom a large intracranial hemorrhage was the initial presentation of surgically documented metastatic prostatic rhabdomyosarcoma. Multiple chest CTs and radionuclide bone scans had previously shown no evidence of pulmonary or osseous metastases. The significance of this case in relation to the possible role of the need for use of chemotherapeutic agents that cross the blood-brain barriers to prevent brain metastasis is discussed.
High-Linearity Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photodiodes

The third-order intermodulation distortions of an InGaAs-InP charge-compensated uni-traveling-carrier photodiode are characterized using both two-tone and three-tone measurement techniques. Up to 720-MHz modulation frequency the third-order output intercept point (OIP3) reaches 56 ±1 dBm.
STUDIES ON THE RENAL EXCRETION OF ELECTROLYTES BY THE TROUT (SALMO GAIRDNERI)

1. A decline in the renal excretory rates of water and electrolytes occurred in the trout, Salmo gairdneri , at the time of smolting. 2. This decline appeared to be almost entirely attributable to a reduction in the glomerular filtration rate. 3. Although there was an increase in the total urine osmolal concentration as the urine flow decreased, this decrease was insufficient to maintain the total osmolal excretory rate at a constant level. 4. The sodium, potassium and chloride concentrations of the urine only accounted for approximately 50% of the observed real osmolality of the urine in both the smolting and the non-smolting fish; the difference may have been due to the presence of osmotically active nitrogenous compounds. 5. No selective change in the tubular reabsorptive or secretory processes were found to accompany the reduction in glomerular filtration at the time of smolting. 6. The urine: plasma-ion concentration ratios showed no evidence for any selective concentration in the renal tubule. 7. During the transition from the smolting to the post-smolting condition the renal excretory pattern was restored to that of the pre-smolting trout. 8. The possible significance of these changes in relation to the excretory changes known to occur during the adaptation of salmonid fishes to a marine environment are discussed. This study was substantially completed at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. The research was supported by grants to one of us (W.N.H.) from the National Research Council of Canada (T-167) and the National Science Foundation (GB-3896).
Statistical Leakage and Timing Optimization for Submicron Process Variation

Leakage power is becoming a dominant contributor to the total power consumption and dual-Vth assignment is an efficient technique to decrease leakage power, for which effective design methods have been proposed. However, due to the exponential relation of subthreshold current with process parameters, such as, the effective gate length, oxide thickness and doping concentration, process variations can severely affect both power and timing yields of the designs obtained by those methods. In this paper, we propose a mixed integer linear programming method for dual-Vth design that minimizes the leakage power and circuit delay in a statistical sense such that the impact of process variation on the respective yields is minimized. The experimental results show that 30% more leakage power reduction can be achieved by using statistical approach when compared with the deterministic approach
A dynamic model of interaction between reliance on automation and cooperation in multi-operator multi-automation situations

Abstract Flow management systems such as supply chain (SC) systems involve multiple operators managing elements of automation. The success of such multi-operator multi-automation systems depends not only on individual operator's appropriate use of automation, but also on cooperation between operators. Inappropriate reliance on automation may be a critical factor hindering cooperation and sharing automation-related information may improve reliance and promote cooperation. A computational model was developed to investigate how individual operator's use of automation influences cooperation between individuals. The model consists of an extension of the decision field theory [Busemeyer, J.R., Townsend, J.T., 1993. Decision field theory: a dynamic cognitive approach to decision making in an uncertain environment. Psychological Review 100(3), 432–459] that simulates the dynamics of an individual's trust and reliance on automation and a game theoretic framework that simulates the dynamics of cooperation between individuals in an iterated Prisoners’ Dilemma game. Simulation experiments with this model were conducted to test the following hypotheses in the context of a two-manufacturer one-retailer SC system: (1) inappropriate use of automation will hinder cooperation; (2) sharing information regarding the performance of automation will directly improve reliance on automation and reduce unintentional competitive behavior; and (3) sharing information regarding the reliance on automation will lead to a more charitable interpretation of the other's intent to cooperate or compete and therefore promote cooperation. The simulation results show that inappropriate reliance on automation undermines cooperation and sharing information of automation performance and reliance improves cooperation. The degree of improvement in cooperation by sharing such information is greatest in situations in which automation recovers from faults. Relevance to industry Promoting cooperation is important for decentralized systems such as SCs where inappropriate use of automation may undermine cooperation. This paper shows how reliance on automation influences cooperation and how sharing automation-related information mediates this influence. The results suggest some ways to promote sustainable cooperation.
Simultaneous shield insertion and net ordering under explicit RLC noise constraint

For multiple coupled RLC nets, we formulate the min-area simultaneous shield insertion and net ordering SINO/NB-n problem to satisfy the given noise bound. We develop an efficient and conservative model to compute the peak noise, and apply the noise model to a simulated-annealing (SA) based algorithm for the SINO/NB-n problem. Extensive and accurate experiments show that the SA-based algorithm is efficient, and always achieves solutions satisfying the given noise bound. It uses up to 71\% and 30\% fewer shields when compared to a greedy based shield insertion algorithm and a separated shield insertion and net ordering algorithm, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first work that presents an in-depth study on the min-area SINO problem under an explicit noise constraint.
What's for dinner? Types of food served at family dinner differ across parent and family characteristics

Family meals are important for the health and well-being of adolescents. Past research examining family meal frequency has found that more frequent family meals are associated with positive outcomes in youth, including better dietary intake,(1–14) lower prevalence of overweight/obesity,(6, 14–17) fewer disordered eating behaviors,(8, 18–30) and higher levels psychological well-being.(31, 32) This body of research has stimulated interest in family meals among health professionals and the public and has led to questions on what family meals look like, particularly with regard to the types of foods being served. Learning more about what is served at family meals, and parent and family factors that are correlated with healthier meals, can help in guiding interventions to improve the home food environment. Knowledge about how the types of foods served at family meals differ by socio-demographic characteristics can help in guiding decisions regarding who is in greatest need of intervention. Learning more about how psychosocial factors, such as parent work-life stress, parent depressive symptoms, and family functioning (e.g., communication, problem-solving, connectedness) are correlated with foods served at family meals may help to elucidate the types of factors that need to be taken into account in developing interventions.(17, 33) Finally, knowledge about how meal-specific variables such as attitudes toward family meals, food purchasing barriers, and meal planning and preparation practices are associated with the types of foods served at family meals, can help guide specific intervention messages.(1, 17) The present study builds upon the extant body of literature on family meals, which has primarily focused on frequency of family meals, by addressing the research questions: What types of foods are served at family dinners? How are parent and family sociodemographic characteristics, psychosocial well-being, and meal-specific variables associated with the type of food served at family dinners? We focused on family dinners, rather than on other meals, in that breakfast is likely to include different types of foods,(34) and lunch seems less likely to be eaten on a regular basis as a family meal given school schedules. Factors hypothesized to be associated with healthier family dinners include higher levels of income and education, not working full time, higher levels of psychosocial well-being, more positive attitudes regarding family meals, fewer food purchasing barriers, enjoyment of cooking, and greater involvement in meal planning and food preparation.(1, 17, 33)
Prognostic factors for resected non-small cell lung cancer with pN2 status: implications for use of postoperative radiotherapy.

Background. For non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with pN2 status, the use of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) remains controversial. Here, we investigated the association between different clinicopathological features and postoperative therapy and local control and survival in patients with resected pN2 NSCLC. Methods. We retrospectively analyzed 83 patients with pN2 NSCLC who underwent resection at Vanderbilt University Medical Center between 1994 and 2004. The relationship between 10 prognostic factors—gender, age at diagnosis, histology, tumor size, number of nodal stations involved, positive node number, surgical margin,extracapsularextension(ECE),anduseofpostoperative chemotherapy and PORT—and 2-year local recurrence-free survival (LRFS), distant recurrencefree survival (DRFS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and overall survival (OS) rates was evaluated. Univari