cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
From R&D to Clinical Supplies

In the development of new antibody drug conjugates (ADCs), the activities performed by discovery groups typically focus on the rapid and comprehensive screening of many conjugates to find the ones with the desired efficacy and safety profiles. These conjugates are typically prepared in a combinatorial approach whereby various monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for a specific target, linkers, and payloads are combined. These efforts usually rely on efficient screening methodologies and high-throughput tools, such as solid phase conjugation and purification arrays. The development of robust and consistent processes suitable to produce the selected candidate for clinical trials is typically not a priority for discovery. Many of the ADCs in the clinic today are based on one of two conjugation technologies and associated linker-payloads (LP). The traditional cysteine conjugation technology utilizes an auristatin as a payload with a cleavable or noncleavable linker. The other technology is based on conjugating a mayt...
Optical defocus: differential effects on size and contrast letter recognition thresholds.

PURPOSE: To determine if optical defocus produces a greater reduction in visual acuity or small-letter contrast sensitivity. METHODS: Letter charts were used to measure visual acuity and small-letter contrast sensitivity (20/25 Snellen equivalent) as a function of optical defocus. Letter size (acuity) and contrast (contrast sensitivity) were varied in equal logarithmic steps to make the task the same for the two types of measurement. RESULTS: Both visual acuity and contrast sensitivity declined with optical defocus, but the effect was far greater in the contrast domain. However, measurement variability also was greater for contrast sensitivity. After correction for this variability, measurement in the contrast domain still proved to be a more sensitive (1.75x) index of optical defocus. CONCLUSIONS: Small-letter contrast sensitivity is a powerful technique for detecting subtle amounts of optical defocus. This adjunctive approach may be useful when there are small changes in resolution that are not detected by standard measures of visual acuity. Potential applications include evaluating the course of vision in refractive surgery, classification of cataracts, detection of corneal or macular edema, and detection of visual loss in the aging eye. Evaluation of candidates for occupations requiring unique visual abilities also may be enhanced by measuring resolution in the contrast domain.
Resilient two dimensional redundancy based fault-tolerant controller array for modular multi-level converters

In this paper, a state-of-the-art controller architecture for controlling modular multi-level converter (MMC) family is proposed. By using this controller architecture, single point of failure in the power converter, controller board or the communication network does not interrupt the functionality of the system. In order to achieve that, a two-dimensional array of controllers are formed to handle the MMC. In this architecture, a selected master controller is synchronizing slave controllers. In addition, adjacent slave controllers check the internal functionality of each other. In case of failure detection, the failed component will be isolated from system and the converter may continue its operation without interruption. This paper covers synchronization mechanism for slave controllers, master controller selection, and presents experimental results for the proposed controller.
Subscapularis tenotomy vs. lesser tuberosity osteotomy during total shoulder arthroplasty: When less is more

Abstract Mobilization of the subscapularis is necessary during total shoulder arthroplasty, but high rates of subscapularis dysfunction have been reported postoperatively. Two methods are commonly used: subscapularis tenotomy with tendon-to-tendon repair and lesser tuberosity osteotomy with bone-to-bone repair. There is conflicting data as to which of these methods provides superior results. This article reviews the literature to date and provides the preliminary results from a prospective randomized controlled trial comparing subscapularis tenotomy to lesser tuberosity osteotomy. Our results show that lesser tuberosity osteotomy and subscapularis tenotomy both provide a reliable, consistent healing method for subscapularis management with comparably excellent outcomes.
Web-Based Training Methods for Behavioral Health Providers: A Systematic Review

There has been an increase in the use of web-based training methods to train behavioral health providers in evidence-based practices. This systematic review focuses solely on the efficacy of web-based training methods for training behavioral health providers. A literature search yielded 45 articles meeting inclusion criteria. Results indicated that the serial instruction training method was the most commonly studied web-based training method. While the current review has several notable limitations, findings indicate that participating in a web-based training may result in greater post-training knowledge and skill, in comparison to baseline scores. Implications and recommendations for future research on web-based training methods are discussed.
Sensor optimization using an evolutionary strategy for structural health monitoring in high temperature environments

In a high temperature environment, it is challenging to perform structural health monitoring (SHM), which has become a required task for many important civil structures in harsh environments. A SHM system in high temperature environments requires a large number of sensors for different data resource measurements, for example, strain and temperature. The accuracy of the measurement is highly dependent on the trade-off between the number of sensors of each type and the associated cost of the system. This paper introduces a sensor optimization approach based on an evolutionary strategy for the multi-objective sensor placement of structural health monitoring in high temperature environments. A single-bay steel frame with localized high temperature environment validates the multi-objective function of the evolutionary strategy. The variance between the theoretical and the experimental analysis was within 5 %, indicating an effective sensor placement optimization using the developed genetic algorithm, which can be further applied to general sensor optimization for SHM system applications in high temperature environments.
A Review of Critical Literacies in Preservice Teacher Education: Pedagogies, Shifts, and Barriers.

In literacy teacher education, a small but important group of studies have addressed how teachers can be prepared for enacting critical literacies pedagogies in K-12 classrooms. In this review, we ...
Creation and implementation of a chief fellow of quality improvement in an oncology fellowship program.

152Background: Educating oncology trainees in methods and practical applications of quality improvement (QI) is essential. QI is a key component of the ACGME core competency of systems based practice. Formal QI training helps oncologists deliver safe and effective cancer care. Creating a QI chief fellow position allows for patient safety and QI initiatives to be fellow-driven and focused on building lifelong, oncology specific, QI skills. Methods: Feedback was solicited from the fellowship’s executive committee and divisional leadership to establish the job description and funding. Nominations were sought from peer fellows, focusing on a fellow who has expressed interest in QI, patient safety, and/or value based healthcare. The chief fellow was tasked with implementing a QI educational curriculum, developing a fellowship-wide QI project, and representing the fellowship on institution-wide QI and patient safety committees. Results: 100% (14/14) graduating fellows completed the requirements for an instituti...
Power and the Potential for the Abuse of Power in Online Gateway Systems: An Analysis of Google

In Chapter 6, we introduced the pattern associated with platforms and platform envelopment. Chapter 7 introduced two additional patterns, Mandatory Participation Third Party Payer Systems (MP3PPs) and online gateways, and showed how they combined for a unique form of power that was among the most important and most profitable innovations enabled by the Internet. Chapter 8 showed how these three patterns become intertwined online. We argued that the net has not reduced the power of online gateways that function as MP3PPs, but has actually increased their power. In this Chapter, we explore how dominant MP3PPs protect and extend their power, and how they make the transition from value creation to value harvesting. We explore the harm that this causes, and the inability of traditional forms of competition to correct this harm. When competition and the discipline of the market cannot limit abuses, regulation becomes necessary. Regulation of online activities must balance limiting harm from abuse of power against harm from premature or excessive regulation. We explore the conditions under which harm occurs, and under which regulation may be necessary. Historical precedents explain when regulation has been necessary in the past, and offer guidance for the form it should take now.
Assessing relative differences in smoke exposure from prescribed, managed, and full suppression wildland fire

A novel approach is presented to analyze smoke exposure and provide a metric to quantify health-related impacts. Our results support the current understanding that managing low-intensity fire for ecological benefit reduces exposure when compared to a high-intensity full suppression fire in the Sierra Nevada of California. More frequent use of fire provides an opportunity to mitigate smoke exposure for both individual events and future emission scenarios. The differences in relative exposure between high-intensity, low-intensity, and prescribed burn were significant (P value < 0.01). Suppressing fire not only appears to shift the health burden of the emissions to a future date but also increases the intensity and number of people exposed in a single exposure. Increased use of ecologically beneficial fire may further be optimized to reduce human exposure through advantageous use of good dispersal conditions and incorporating a mitigation strategy that includes poor dispersal when smoke is largely over wilderness or other natural areas. Accepting naturally occurring fire typical of the environmental system benefits forest health and reduces public exposure to smoke.
Modelling daily PV performance as a function of irradiation, ambient temperature, soiling, wind speed, and aging - Applied to PV modules operating in Maui

A PV test platform commissioned on Maui in February 2016 is used to conduct side-by-side comparison of different PV modules. The daily performance of the modules is presented for the first year of operation. In addition to the performance ratio, the current/optical and voltage/thermal performance are calculated and analyzed to identify performance differences between PV module technologies and manufacturers. The 3 performance criteria are simulated using empirical models as a function of the main drivers of operation identified to be irradiation, ambient temperature, soiling, wind speed, and aging. Soiling affects the optical performance while ambient temperature and wind speed mostly change the voltage performance. Aging is observed affecting either optical or thermal performance. Irradiation is the main driver of daily performance. There is a low impact (<5%) of the ambient temperature and wind speed on the daily performance. Soiling has a limited impact (5–8%) thanks to regular rainfall. However, aging/degradation may be important in Maui as observed in other tropical locations. It is essential to assess long-term performance in Hawaii to identify the most durable candidate and to accurately predict the return-of-investment.
High-throughput calculations in the context of alloy design

Modern approaches to alloy design increasingly exploit the framework of computational thermodynamics and kinetics to guide the selection of alloy compositions and processing strategies, to achieve desired microstructures, and yield tailored properties. In this context, phase diagrams play a critical role and their assessment can represent a bottleneck in the design of new multicomponent systems. In recent years, it has become possible to accelerate this process through the coupling of the CALculation of PHAse Diagram (CALPHAD) computational thermodynamics framework with high-throughput quantum mechanical calculations. This article reviews recent developments and applications in this area, and discusses future opportunities for high-throughput calculations in the context of modeling kinetics, highlighting the important role of interfacial processes and atomic mobilities.
Coding in Undirected Graphs Is Either Very Helpful or Not Helpful at All

While it is known that using network coding can significantly improve the throughput of directed networks, it is a notorious open problem whether coding yields any advantage over the multicommodity flow (MCF) rate in undirected networks. It was conjectured that the answer is no. In this paper we show that even a small advantage over MCF can be amplified to yield a near-maximum possible gap. We prove that any undirected network with k source-sink pairs that exhibits a (1+epsilon) gap between its MCF rate and its network coding rate can be used to construct a family of graphs G' whose gap is log(|G'|)^c for some constant c < 1. The resulting gap is close to the best currently known upper bound, log(|G'|), which follows from the connection between MCF and sparsest cuts. Our construction relies on a gap-amplifying graph tensor product that, given two graphs G1,G2 with small gaps, creates another graph G with a gap that is equal to the product of the previous two, at the cost of increasing the size of the graph. We iterate this process to obtain a gap of log(|G'|)^c from any initial gap.
SARS-CoV-2 Positivity Rate for Latinos in the Baltimore-Washington, DC Region.

This study characterizes the trends in rates of SARS-CoV-2 positive test results among individuals in the Baltimore–Washington, DC area by self-reported race/ethnicity.
Quantum-Inspired Algorithms from Randomized Numerical Linear Algebra.

We create classical (non-quantum) dynamic data structures supporting queries for recommender systems and least-squares regression that are comparable to their quantum analogues. De-quantizing such algorithms has received a flurry of attention in recent years; we obtain sharper bounds for these problems. More significantly, we achieve these improvements by arguing that the previous quantum-inspired algorithms for these problems are doing leverage or ridge-leverage score sampling in disguise; these are powerful and standard techniques in randomized numerical linear algebra. With this recognition, we are able to employ the large body of work in numerical linear algebra to obtain algorithms for these problems that are simpler or faster (or both) than existing approaches.
Distinguishing Nanoparticle–Nanoparticle Interactions between Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Controlled by Gemini Surfactants: Stability of Nanocolloids

Nanoparticle–nanoparticle (NP–NP) interactions were studied by choosing oppositely charged colloidal suspensions of Au and Ag NPs. For this purpose, sodium dodecyl sulfate-stabilized Au NPs were ti...
Effects of Leaching Method and Ashing Temperature of Rice Residues for Energy Production and Construction Materials

Escalating demands for infrastructure materials and energy worldwide necessitate exploration of means to efficiently utilize resources to support growing consumption. This work evaluates the potent...
Abstract P218: The Association Of Mid-life Cumulative Exposure To Systolic Blood Pressure, Myocardial Oxygen Demand, And Hypertension With Later-life Central Arterial Stiffness And Its 5-year Change: The Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities Study - Neurocognitive Study (ARIC-NCS)

Background: Greater central artery stiffness predicts cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality, thus understanding arterial stiffness determinants has prevention implications. Reports of the ...
Thioredoxin – a magic bullet or a double-edged sword for mammalian aging?

After the discovery of thioredoxin as a reductant for many important enzymes in the early 1960s, biological roles of thioredoxin in pathophysiology have been examined using various species and experimental models, e.g., yeast, invertebrates, rodents, and humans. A large number of studies demonstrated that thioredoxin plays an essential role to maintain a reduced cellular environment and possesses many beneficial effects by maintaining cellular/organ functions and against diseases. However, an important question that remains to be answered is whether thioredoxin could attenuate aging by reducing oxidative damage and changing cellular redox state, which alters redox-sensitive signaling pathways. To address this important question, we have been conducting aging studies with transgenic and knockout mice, and transgenic rats to examine whether the upregulation or downregulation of thioredoxin alters lifespan and age-related pathology. Aging studies conducted by our laboratory and others revealed that the roles of thioredoxin on pathophysiology seem to be more complex than our initial expectations as a potential magic bullet to solve the issues with age. Recent studies indicate that thioredoxin could have both beneficial and potentially deleterious effects on aging and age-related diseases. To critically evaluate the biological effects of thioredoxin on aging and age-related diseases, studies require further consideration to assess additional factors, e.g. levels of thioredoxin in different cellular compartments, different effects in each cell/tissue/organ, physiological aging vs. pathology, and/or at different life stages. Keywords: Thioredoxin, transgenic mouse, knockout mouse, oxidative stress, cancer, aging
Preparedness behaviors for natural hazards and their association with experiences, perceptions, and social engagement in Taiwanese society

This study examined how individuals’ past experiences and perceptions of natural hazards, as well as their participation in voluntary organizations, were associated with their hazard preparedness. ...
Strategies for Preparing Preservice Social Studies Teachers to Effectively Integrate Technology: Models and Practices

In this paper, we will discuss strategies we have used to assist pre-service social studies teachers with understanding and applying models and practices for effectively integrating technology into their future classrooms – thus strengthening the link between technology and pedagogy (or technological pedagogical content knowledge). Our efforts with pre-service teachers has been informed by our successes assisting in-service teachers with understanding how technology can empower inquiry-based teaching practices in social studies classrooms. Strategies for Preparing Pre-Service Social Studies Teachers to Effectively Integrate Technology: Models and Practices
Human Resource Outsourcing: Performance of Service Providers

Considerable anecdotal evidence suggests that there is a linkage between organizational outsourcing and performance. However, few empirical archival studies of the outsourcing-performance relationship have been conducted. Using an archival approach, this paper evaluates the market and operating performance for a rarely studied stakeholder in the outsourcing agreement: the human resource (HR) service providers. Due to their influence on the most important asset of the firm, human capital, we focus on HR providers performing all aspects of HR services, including HR management, HR technology, regulatory compliance, risk management, and payroll. We base our tests on transaction cost economics theory (Coase 1988; Williamson 1979, 1985) which predicts that the performance of the service provider firms should be influenced by the types of services provided and the risks and costs associated with performing those functions. Both experienced and inexperienced providers undertake HR services that require asset specificity and assume additional risk. We first examine whether the market recognizes and reward the providers' undertaking additional risks. Next, we investigate whether the risks undertaken by experienced and inexperienced service providers impact subsequent performance. Using a performance-matched sample, we examine our performance predictions in three ways: 1) market reaction to human resource contract announcements, 2) long-run market returns subsequent to those announcements, and 3) operating performance before and after those announcements. In examining one of the fastest growing trends in the business world today, namely outsourcing to service providers, we find evidence of positive market reaction to HR service provider contract announcements, and we find some evidence of differential effects on subsequent firm performance. The results of this study may inform management of the possible benefits of releasing outsourcing contract award information and also inform stakeholders of the possible economic benefits of HR contracting on the performance of service providers.
Factors constraining the growth and survival of SMEs in Nigeria

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors that hinder the growth and survival of small businesses in Nigeria.Design/methodology/approach – A survey method was used to gather data from 211 small business owners and managers located in selected cities in Nigeria. Several statistical analyses were conducted to identify the factors constraining the growth and survival of SMEs in Nigeria.Findings – The results of the study reveal that the most common constraints hindering small business growth and survival in Nigeria are lack of financial support, poor management, corruption, lack of training and experience, poor infrastructure, insufficient profits, and low demand for product and services.Research limitations/implications – The instruments used for this study need to be subjected to more statistical tests in order to establish a more robust validity and reliability. Based on what we have learned, the instruments could be further refined to more closely capture each of the problem areas...
Developing Creative Behavior in Elementary School Students with Robotics

The School Robotics Initiative (SRI), a problem-based robotics program for elementary school students, was developed with the objective of reaching students early on to instill an interest in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math disciplines. The purpose of this exploratory, observational study was to examine how the SRI fosters student creative behavior. Weekly observations of 194 students (4th–6th grade) were conducted in three classrooms, over 3 years. Supplemental data were collected from student-written journals. Data were coded for themes. The findings revealed that the robotics classrooms were characterized by a high degree of energy. The students worked intensely on robotic tasks, engaging in a two-stage creative process that involved first designing a robot with a preplanned or spontaneous work approach, followed by an iterative period of trial and error creative programming. A variety of creativity techniques were observed being used. The SRI was shown to develop creative behavior in the students through the myriad of creative robot products generated. Based on the findings, the authors propose a componential model for developing creative behavior in the students through robotics, which includes a set of social, psychological, and physical elements necessary for the students to produce creative results in school robotics programs.
EXPONENTIALS AND LOGARITHMS

This chapter discusses two of the most important functions of mathematics: the exponential and logarithmic functions. It discusses why they are important by giving a large variety of applications in physics, biology, and economics. There are two very different ways to define the exponential and logarithmic functions. The first of these starts with the basic rules of exponents and the second way starts off with a special integral. In both cases, one is led to the same functions. Both ways of defining these functions can give insight into how to work with them. It is useful to see how two very different approaches lead to the same central idea. The chapter discusses the relationship between the exponential and logarithmic functions and the differentiation and integration of more general exponential and logarithmic functions.
The clinical significance of low maternal serum α-fetoprotein

Abstract Lowered maternal serum α-fetoprotein was retrospectively investigated in 20,000 patients who underwent prenatal maternal serum α-fetoprotein screening. Two hundred thirty-two patients were initially evaluated as having maternal serum α-fetoprotein levels less than 0.25 multiple of the normal median. Correction factors, such as incorrect estimation of gestational age, reduced to 180 the number of patients with low α-fetoprotein. In this target group, patients with known pregnancy outcomes sustained a fetal loss in 38% of the cases. It appears that significantly low maternal serum α-fetoprotein is associated with a dramatic increase in second-trimester fetal wastage.
Quantitative comparison of pathways of hepatic glycogen repletion in fed and fasted humans

The effect of fasting vs. refeeding on hepatic glycogen repletion by the direct pathway, i.e., glucose----glucose 6-phosphate (G-6-P)----glycogen, was determined. Acetaminophen was administered during an infusion of glucose labeled with [1-13C]- and [6-14C]glucose into four healthy volunteers after an overnight fast and into the same subjects 4 h after breakfast. 13C enrichments in C-1 and C-6 of glucose formed from urinary acetaminophen glucuronide compared with enrichments in C-1 and C-6 of plasma glucose provided an estimate of glycogen formation by the direct pathway. The specific activity of glucose from the glucuronide compared with the specific activity of the plasma glucose, along with the percentages of 14C in C-1 and C-6 of the glucose from the glucuronide, also provided an estimate of the amount of glycogen formed by the direct pathway. The estimates were similar. Those from [6-14C]glucose would have been higher than from [1-13C]glucose if the pentose cycle contribution to overall glucose utilization had been significant. After an overnight fast, during the last hour of infusion, 49 +/- 3% of the glycogen formed was formed via the direct pathway. After breakfast, at similar plasma glucose and insulin concentrations, the percentage increased to 69 +/- 7% (P less than 0.02). Thus the contributions of the pathways to hepatic glycogen formation depend on the dietary state of the individual. For a dietary regimen in which individuals consume multiple meals per day containing at least a moderate amount of carbohydrates most glycogen synthesis occurs by the direct pathway.
E/B mode mixing

In future microwave background polarization experiments, particularly those that aim to characterize the B component, careful attention will have to be paid to the mixing of E and B components due to finite sky coverage and pixelization. Any polarization map can be decomposed into "pure E," "pure B," and "ambiguous" components. In practice, since the B component is expected to be much weaker than the E component, nearly all of the recoverable $B$ information is contained in the pure B component. The amount of B information lost to ambiguous modes can be estimated in simple ways from the survey geometry and pixelization. Separation of any given map into pure and ambiguous components can be done by finding a basis of pure and ambiguous modes, but it is often more efficient to "purify" the map directly in real space by solving a certain differential equation to find the ambiguous component. This method may be useful in conjunction with power spectrum estimation techniques such as the pseudo-Cl method.
Task-Level Robot Adaptive Control Based on Human Teaching Data and Its Application to Deburring

This paper presents a new method for building a task-level adaptive controller for performing a class of complex tasks by robots. The design of the adaptation mechanism that updates the controller parameters (including reference inputs and feedback gains) is based on a set of teaching data taken from a human's demonstrations. The relationship between what a human monitors in the task process and how the human responds to variations in the task environment is described as an associative mapping. This associative mapping can be recovered from a set of human teaching data, and is used as the basis for designing the adaptation loop in a robot control system. Deburring is used as an example task.
Evolution of a remedial CME course in professionalism: addressing learner needs, developing content, and evaluating outcomes.

Introduction Scant information is available about the nature of the professional violations resulting in referral of physicians for remedial continuing medical education (CME). The CME program at Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) School of Medicine has developed the Intensive Course in Medical Ethics, Boundaries, and Professionalism (medical ethics course) for physician referrals due to ethical breaches. In this report, the authors present 7 years of data regarding the type of behavior that resulted in course referral as well as information regarding course and outcome evaluation development and participant demographics. Methods The medical ethics course has been designed in consultation with licensure agencies to address the learning needs of physicians with problems in the areas of boundary maintenance and ethics. Teaching methods and outcome evaluations include lectures, case discussions, multiple-choice question tests, skill practice sessions, and writing a reflective essay based on the participants' ethical lapse. Information is also gathered regarding participant demographics, training, and practice characteristics. Results Between September 2005 and February 2012, 358 learners participated in the course. The average age was 52 years and 73% were board certified. Of the 269 physicians who wrote a reflective essay, the reasons for referral included prescribing of controlled drugs, sexual boundary issues, providing services to family or friends, not maintaining proper medical records, and billing issues. Discussion This report outlines the strategies used by CWRU to develop remedial CME courses using the medical ethics course as an example for course and outcome evaluation development. This is the first report characterizing the type and frequency of the medical ethics violations that result in mandatory participation in remedial CME.
Multiple-quantum 113Cd1H correlation spectroscopy as a probe of metal coordination environments in metalloproteins

Utilisation de la RMN multiquantique pour obtenir des spectres RMN de 1 H de proteines de 113 Cd dans lesquels les seules resonances observees proviennent des spins des protons couples au cadmium
Cognitive and psychophysiologic response to doxepin and chlordiazepoxide

Abstract Seventy-two patients participated in a double-blind evaluation of chlordiazepoxide and doxepin. Levels of anxiety and depression were assessed pre- and posttreatment. Cognitive performance, GSR, EMG, and heart rate were evaluated as functions of the drugs, success-failure set, and motivation. Major results were: (1) For control patients, low depression was associated with high autonomic arousal, and high depression with low arousal; with drug administration, particularly doxepin, these relationships were reversed; (2) Doxepin patients improved on one anxiety and two depression measures as did controls; the chlordiazepoxide group improved on one measure of depression; (3) Doxepin mitigated effects of prior cognitive failure; (4) High-motivation patients who failed manifested decrement in performance; (5) Autonomic activity was higher in the success than in the failure patients with low motivation; opposite effect was shown with high motivation.
Hippocampal Phase Precession from Dual Input Components

Phase precession is a well known phenomenon in which a hippocampal place cell will fire action potentials at successively earlier phases (relative to the theta-band oscillations recorded in the local field potential) as an animal moves through the cell's receptive field (also known as a place field). We present a model in which CA1 pyramidal cell spiking is driven by dual input components arising from CA3 and EC3. The receptive fields of these two input components overlap but are offset in space from each other such that as the animal moves through the model place field, action potentials are driven first by the CA3 input component and then the EC3 input component. As CA3 synaptic input is known to arrive in CA1 at a later theta phase than EC3 input (Mizuseki et al., 2009; Montgomery et al., 2009), CA1 spiking advances in phase as the model transitions from CA3-driven spiking to EC3-driven spiking. Here spike phase is a function of animal location, placing our results in agreement with many experimental observations characterizing CA1 phase precession (O'Keefe and Recce, 1993; Huxter et al., 2003; Geisler et al., 2007). We predict that experimental manipulations that dramatically enhance or disrupt activity in either of these areas should have a significant effect on phase precession observed in CA1.
A detailed analysis of the Raman enhancement mechanisms associated with the interaction of a Raman scatterer with a resonant metal cluster: Results for Lin–H2

The results of time dependent Hartree–Fock calculations of frequency dependent polarizability derivatives for H2–Lin clusters (n=2, 4, 6) are presented and analyzed in terms of Raman enhancement mechanisms associated with interaction between H2 and the metal clusters. In these calculations, the width factors associated with unoccupied Hartree–Fock molecular orbitals are chosen so that the cluster polarizabilities are the same as those of bulk metal spheroids of the same size. The calculations are otherwise ab initio, and predict polarizability derivatives whose squares are enhanced by 103–104 for H2–Lin clusters at equilibrium geometries when irradiated at frequencies corresponding to metal cluster excitation energies. These enhancements were found to be reasonably independent of cluster size and vary by factors of 2–4 with H2 adsorption location. The enhancements were found to vary as the inverse fourth power of the excited state widths, and to decrease with increasing adsorbate–metal separation with a c...
Evidence for Thermally Activated Dissipation in Flowing Superfluid 3He

We report on observations of the onset of dissipation in superfluid 3He flowing through a single cylindrical channel of diameter d = 0.7 µm and length L = 6.0 µm. We propose a model in which thermally activated phase slips in the order parameter can account for the observed onset of dissipation.
Distinctive Pattern of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Immunoreactivity Useful in Distinguishing Fragmented Pleomorphic Adenoma, Canalicular Adenoma and Polymorphous Low Grade Adenocarcinoma of Minor Salivary Glands

Objectives Immunohistochemistry (IHC) can be helpful in the diagnosis of minor salivary gland neoplasms including those that have been incisionally biopsied or fragmented during surgery that do not contain key diagnostic features on hematoxylin and eosin sections. IHC has been used as an adjunct to distinguish among many salivary gland neoplasms using both qualitative and quantitative methods. The objective of this study was to determine whether a distinctive immunoreactivity staining pattern to GFAP can be consistently observed among three selected minor salivary gland neoplasms and thus serve as a diagnostic adjunctive procedure. Study Design Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) reactivity was examined among 78 minor salivary gland neoplasms: 27 canalicular adenomas (CAA), 21 pleomorphic adenomas (PA) and 30 polymorphous low grade adenocarcinomas (PLGA). Each case was evaluated by two oral and maxillofacial pathologists (OMP) blinded to the diagnosis. Consensus was reached on the pattern of GFAP reactivity among the neoplastic cells and on the similarities and differences among the cases. Results Ninety-six percent (96%) of CAAs demonstrated a distinctive linear immunoreactive pattern among cells in proximity to connective tissue interface. All (100%) PAs demonstrated diffuse immunopositivity within tumor cells. All (100%) PLGAs showed little or no intralesional reactivity and no peripheral linear immunoreactivity. Additional challenge cases were examined by outside OMPs to demonstrate the utility of these findings. Conclusions This study demonstrates that the pattern of GFAP immunoreactivity may be an adjunct to diagnosis among PA, CAA and PLGA. The pattern of distinctly linear GFAP immunoreactivity at the tumor/connective tissue interface in CAA has not been reported previously. This distinctive feature may permit the pathologist to differentiate among CAA, PA and PLGA when an incisional biopsy and/or fragmentation cause key diagnostic features to be absent. Because each of these neoplasms requires a different treatment approach, this can be of major significance.
Highlights of recent research on compounds with MoMo bonds

Abstract Research during the period 1981 to the present in two areas of molybdenum chemistry is surveyed. The first area is that of equilateral triangular cluster compounds. Some very new work, such as that on the Mo3S4+4 aquo ion, will also be mentioned. The second area is that of MoMo triple and quadruple bonds. Several ways in which quadruply bonded Mo2 compounds have been used to investigate the properties of strong metal-metal bonds in general will be emphasized.
Clause structure of sentences and speech processing

Listeners heard narrative stories in segments 20-60 sec long, and wrote their immediate recall for the most recent speech in each segment. Segments ended in four ways: there was a main clause alone, a subordinate clause alone, a main clause preceding a subordinate clause, or a subordinate clause preceding a main clause. Only these final sentences were well recalled. Of these, single-clause sentences were recalled best and two-clause sentences with main-subordinate clause order were recalled worst. An interaction obtained between clause position and function suggests that processing may be delayed when sentences fall to begin with main clauses.
Selected Acoustic Characteristics of Esophageal Speech Produced by Female Laryngectomees

Voice fundamental frequency (VFF), phonation time, and duration characteristics were analyzed for 15 female and 18 male esophageal speakers to determine whether acoustic differences existed as a fu...
The Thermal and Electrical Conductivity of Fused Quartz as a Function of Temperature

Thermal conductivity of fused quartz.---The thermal conductivity as a function of the temperature has been determined for clear fused quartz by the radial flow method from 235\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K to 1225\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The specimen was in the form of a hollow cylinder closed hemispherically at one end. Energy to maintain a steady temperature gradient was supplied by means of an electrically heated filament mounted axially inside the specimen. Thermal contact with the specimen was made with mercury inside and outside at the lower temperatures and with the tin-lead eutectic at the higher temperatures. Inside and outside temperatures were obtained with thermocouples. A guard ring scheme was used to prevent heat loss or gain at the open end of the cylinder and correction was made for the heat flow through the hemispherical end cap. The results may be represented by the linear equation: $K=3.83\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}T+0.00163$. An abrupt change in the thermal conductivity was noted in the vicinity of 1140\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K which is attributed to heat treatment i.e. annealing or partial crystallization.Electrical conductivity of fused quartz.---An attempt was made to measure the specific electrical resistance as a function of the temperature by the same method at the same time. The results were not conclusive because of the small number of data taken but there is every reason to believe that the method would be entirely successful for the determination of both quantities. The specific resistance was measured for a small piece of the original specimen. C. C. Bidwell's modification of K\"onigsberger's formula was verified i.e. $\ensuremath{\rho}=A\ensuremath{\epsilon}(\frac{Q}{\mathrm{RT}}+a\mathrm{T})$ $\ensuremath{\rho}=\mathrm{A}{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}^{(\frac{Q}{\mathrm{Rt}}+aT)}$. The results indicate the presence of both electrolytic and delectiric polarization. Certain peculiarities in the polarization were noted at about 1140\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K as well as a general change in the resistance-temperature curve due to heat treatment. The interpolated results are as follows:
The influence of the tension of oxygen on the respiration of rhizobia

Cultures of Rhizobium trifolii, Rh. leguminosarum, Rh. meliloti and Rh. japonicum were grown in the Novy-Soule type of respiration apparatus and the oxygen consumed, CO2produced and glucose fermented determined. From these data the respiratory quotient, the percentage of glucose used, and the carbon of the glucose used that appeared as CO2-carbon were calculated. Since very little acids or neutral products are formed by these organisms, the carbohydrate destroyed and not appearing as CO2 is a measure of gum production by the organisms.
An empirical investigation of the antecedents of telecommunication-based interorganizational systems

Interorganizational information systems (IOS) utilising telecommunications technology are commonly used to gain a strategic advantage or to compete with IOS developed by the firm's competitors. The use of telecommunication-based links with customers and suppliers provides such potential benefits as improved internal operations, greater interorganizational efficiency and increased bargaining power. Although this importance of telecommunication links with customers and suppliers is widely recognised, there has been little empirical research on the factors that may affect the use of telecommunication-based IOS. In this paper we investigate the effects of four key factors – environmental uncertainty, product information intensity, value chain information intensity and information system (IS) maturity – on the use of telecommunication links with customers and suppliers, and the impact such links have on organizational performance. Nine hypotheses relating these antecedent variables to the use and impact of interorganizational telecommunication links are proposed. Data were collected through a survey of eighty-four medium-sized companies. In addition, the measures of the impact of telecommunication links on organizational performance and environmental uncertainty were validated using a second respondent and secondary data respectively. Results suggest that environmental uncertainty permits the use of telecommunication links with suppliers. Product information intensity and value chain information intensity were positively associated with the use of telecommunication links with customers and suppliers respectively. IS maturity did not seem to enhance the use of interorganizational telecommunication links, but it did facilitate the impact these links had on organizational performance. Some implications of this study for future research and practice are examined.
Methionine metabolic pathway in alcoholic liver injury.

Purpose of reviewTo outline recent advances in the understanding of the consequences of the alterations in the methionine metabolic pathway and to present new treatment options for alcoholic liver disease (ALD).Recent findingsALD is a major healthcare problem worldwide. Findings in many laboratories
Desire for Control and Gambling Behavior among Problem Gamblers

The relationship between individual differences in the general desire to control events and gambling behavior was examined. Desire for control scores for members of a Gamblers Anonymous group were found to be significantly related to how frequently the gamblers had bet upon games and events containing a slight perception of controllability. Consistent with earlier research linking gambling behavior with the illusion of control phenomenon, no such relationship was found when using desire for control scores to predict how frequently the subjects had bet upon games without this hint of controllability. Desire for control scores also tended to be related to how much money the gamblers had lost during their worst year of gambling. However, contrary to prediction, the gamblers were found to have significantly lower desire for control scores on the average than a matched comparison group. It is suggested that individual differences in desire for control influence gambling behavior but are not a cause of problem ...
Superselective mesenteric embolization with microcoils in a porcine model.

PURPOSE: There is a lack of data regarding the degree of ischemic change that may occur in small and large bowel after superselective arterial embolotherapy with platinum microcoils. The purpose of this study was to gain a clearer understanding of the ischemic complications of superselective embolization of peripheral mesenteric arteries with microcoils by gross and histologic examination of postembolcctomy bowel specimens at several time intervals in an adult porcine model. METHODS: Two-millimeter platinum microcoils with fibrils were superselectively deployed into six isolated mesenteric branch vessels in each of nine adult pigs. The animals were observed for two days (n = 3), one month (n = 3), or three months (n = 3) and then killed. At necropsy, intestines were examined for gross abnormalities. Sections of bowel containing microcoils were identified under fluoroscopy, resected, and evaluated histologically. RESULTS: A total of 54 microcoils were deployed into the distal arterial mesentery supplying the jejunum (n = 14), ileum (n = 26), and colon (n = 14) of nine adult pigs. Each animal received six microcoils. There were no clinical complications, and all pigs gained weight during their observation periods. Gross examination of the intestines did not reveal any evidence of acute or chronic ischemia. The coils were found in the distal arterial vasculature of the intestine. Histologic examination revealed mild superficial necrosis of villous tips in several samples; however, this finding is likely related to a fixation artifact rather than ischemic injury. There was no other histologic evidence suggestive of ischemic injury. CONCLUSIONS: Gross and histologic findings after superselective arterial embolotherapy demonstrated minimal changes in the bowel, and there were no significant clinical consequences to the animals. We conclude that transcatheter arterial embolotherapy in pigs is safe and may be applicable in the control of massive lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage in humans.
The application of Bode analysis to skin impedance.

A method is described for analyzing skin impedance data and applied to the determination of a steady-state electrical model for intact human skin. An algorithm is presented for the analytical procedure, Bode analysis, and a sample impedance function is obtained. Bode plots are employed to synthesize a passive equivalent circuit from sample measurements of “black box” skin impedance magnitude and phase angle, and representative values for the circuit elements are presented.
An agenda for personalized medicine

Pauline C. Ng, Sarah S. Murray, Samuel Levy and J. Craig Venter find differences in results from two direct-toconsumer genetics-testing companies. They therefore give nine recommendations to improve predictions.