cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adaptive, sparse, and multi-rate LQR control of an MVDC shipboard power system with constant power loads

The US Navy is pursuing development of all-electric warships. The future all-electric warship is expected to utilize medium-voltage DC (MVDC) main distribution to supply several load zones. The load zones will convert the MVDC power to lower voltage for use by local loads as well as contain local energy storage for casualty back-up power. A majority, if not totality of loads are expected to exhibit constant-power load (CPL) behavior. Voltage instabilities introduced by CPLs and methods to address the problem in multi-machine MVDC systems are reviewed. This paper presents an LQR based, centralized, control scheme to regulate MVDC distribution bus voltage as well as the low-voltage DC (LVDC) service buses through coordinated use of low-bandwidth MVDC voltage sources and high-bandwidth, low-voltage currents sourced from the local energy storage devices. A sparse-feedback, multi-rate LQR controller (LQR-SM) is designed and implemented in MATLAB software using a hypothetical multi-machine, multi-zone shipboard MVDC electric distribution system with CPLs and energy storage devices. The presented control scheme is able to combine and coordinate all available control inputs to effectively regulate MVDC and LVDC buses in the system while allowing for design flexibility not available through existing control schemes.
Computational predictions of the embolus-trapping performance of an IVC filter in patient-specific and idealized IVC geometries

Embolus transport simulations are performed to investigate the dependence of inferior vena cava (IVC) filter embolus-trapping performance on IVC anatomy. Simulations are performed using a resolved two-way coupled computational fluid dynamics/six-degree-of-freedom approach. Three IVC geometries are studied: a straight-tube IVC, a patient-averaged IVC, and a patient-specific IVC reconstructed from medical imaging data. Additionally, two sizes of spherical emboli (3 and 5 mm in diameter) and two IVC orientations (supine and upright) are considered. The embolus-trapping efficiency of the IVC filter is quantified for each combination of IVC geometry, embolus size, and IVC orientation by performing 2560 individual simulations. The predicted embolus-trapping efficiencies of the IVC filter range from 10 to 100%, and IVC anatomy is found to have a significant influence on the efficiency results ( $$P < 0.0001$$ ). In the upright IVC orientation, greater secondary flow in the patient-specific IVC geometry decreases the filter embolus-trapping efficiency by 22–30 percentage points compared with the efficiencies predicted in the idealized straight-tube or patient-averaged IVCs. In a supine orientation, the embolus-trapping efficiency of the filter in the idealized IVCs decreases by 21–90 percentage points compared with the upright orientation. In contrast, the embolus-trapping efficiency is insensitive to IVC orientation in the patient-specific IVC. In summary, simulations predict that anatomical features of the IVC that are often neglected in the idealized models used for benchtop testing, such as iliac vein compression and anteroposterior curvature, generate secondary flow and mixing in the IVC and influence the embolus-trapping efficiency of IVC filters. Accordingly, inter-subject variability studies and additional embolus transport investigations that consider patient-specific IVC anatomy are recommended for future work.
Cytomegalovirus colitis presenting as a rectal mass

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common cause of colitis, particularly in immunosuppressed patients. Rarely, CMV can present as a mass lesion that endoscopically appears consistent with adenocarcinoma. There are no reported cases of a CMV mass lesion inducing rectal prolapse. We present a case of CMV colitis presenting as a rectal mass mimicking adenocarcinoma and causing rectal prolapse in an immunosuppressed female.
Promoting Teachers’ Implementation of Classroom-Based Prevention Programming Through Coaching: The Mediating Role of the Coach–Teacher Relationship

There is growing awareness of the importance of implementation fidelity and the supports, such as coaching, to optimize it. This study examined how coaching activities (i.e., check-ins, needs assessment, modeling, and technical assistance) related directly and indirectly to implementation dosage and quality of the PAX Good Behavior Game, via a mediating pathway through working relationship. Mediation analyses of 138 teachers revealed direct effects of modeling and working relationship on implementation dosage, whereas needs assessment was associated with greater dosage indirectly, by higher ratings of the working relationship. Understanding how coaching activities promote implementation fidelity elements has implications for improving program effectiveness.
Computer Control of Aluminum Reduction Cells

Means, maximum produetion for a given power input and, with the addition of automatie feeding, the possibility of a eompletely automated pot-line.
Data Resources for Conducting Health Services and Policy Research.

Rich federal data resources provide essential data inputs for monitoring the health and health care of the US population and are essential for conducting health services policy research. The six household surveys we document in this article cover a broad array of health topics, including health insurance coverage (American Community Survey, Current Population Survey), health conditions and behaviors (National Health Interview Survey, Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System), health care utilization and spending (Medical Expenditure Panel Survey), and longitudinal data on public program participation (SIPP). New federal activities are linking federal surveys with administrative data to reduce duplication and response burden. In the private sector, vendors are aggregating data from medical records and claims to enhance our understanding of treatment, quality, and outcomes of medical care. Federal agencies must continue to innovate to meet the continuous challenges of scarce resources, pressures for more gr...
Hepcidin agonists as therapeutic tools

Hepcidin agonists are a new class of compounds that regulate blood iron levels, limit iron absorption, and could improve the treatment of hemochromatosis, β-thalassemia, polycythemia vera, and other disorders in which disrupted iron homeostasis causes or contributes to disease. Hepcidin agonists also have the potential to prevent severe complications of siderophilic infections in patients with iron overload or chronic liver disease. This review highlights the preclinical studies that support the development of hepcidin agonists for the treatment of these disorders.
Models of non-hospice palliative care: a review

Palliative care offers patients with a serious illness and their families access to services that can improve quality of life, mood, and symptoms. However, the term palliative care is often confused with end of life or hospice services limiting its application to persons with chronic illnesses who might benefit. Non-hospice palliative care is a term that is emerging to more accurately reflect the broader care model that palliative care represents. The aim of this review was to identify the characteristics of published non-hospice palliative care interventions. We derived our sample predominantly from a recently published systematic review and meta-analysis and selected studies published since the review. Inclusion criteria were: self-described palliative care intervention studies using randomized designs for participants with life-limiting illnesses aged 18 years or older. These 38 studies fell into 3 broad categories: primary, specialty, and hybrid models. Common challenges among these models include limited education of generalists, limited reimbursement, and limited access in certain areas. However, increasing palliative care usage has also been associated with increased hospice use and appropriate timing of referrals.
Iris melanoma presenting as childhood glaucoma.

Abstract Purpose To describe the natural history and management of a rare case of iris melanoma in a pediatric patient. Observations A Caucasian female presented with left pupillary abnormalities at age 7, progressive iris changes at age 9, and markedly elevated intraocular pressure with advanced optic nerve cupping at 11 years of age. She was found to have a pigmented lesion overlying her iris and invading her angle. Trans-corneal fine needle aspirate biopsy demonstrated malignant melanoma of the iris. The patient subsequently underwent Iodine-125 plaque brachytherapy for the tumor. Conclusions and Importance: Early identification and treatment of iris melanoma may be associated with decreased risk of local progression and metastatic disease. Treatment of glaucoma in conjunction with uveal melanoma is complicated by tumor specific considerations, including treatment of the tumor and prevention of metastasis.
High Speed InP-based Type-II Multiple Quantum Well Integrated Waveguide Photodiode at 2.0-μm Wavelength

We present a high-speed integrated waveguide photodetector exhibiting a dark current of 2 nA at −2 V with an internal responsivity of 0.25 A/W and a 3-dB bandwidth above 8 GHz at 2 μm wavelength.
Age Structured Population Dynamics

This talk considers the problem of determining unknown coefficients in a first order hyperbolic operator subject to both initial and boundary data We wish to recover either this data or coefficients that occur in the equation itself or in the boundary conditions.
Malignant Tumors of Bone

Primary malignant bone tumors are much less common than benign tumors. The term ‘malignant’ indicates aggressive local growth with the potential to spread (metastasize) to organs beyond the original site of origin. Metastatic carcinomas are the most common malignant tumors involving bone. While bone marrow-derived plasma cell neoplasms (plasmacytoma/multiple myeloma) are the most common primary malignant bone tumor(s), osteosarcoma is the next most common malignant tumor that originates in bone, followed by chondrosarcoma. As in benign bone tumors, there can be significant overlap among the histologic features, but oftentimes these tumors have unique clinical and radiological characteristics. Some tumors involve only certain age groups (i.e., Ewing sarcoma in children/young adults and chondrosarcoma in middle-aged and elderly patients), and some produce only certain changes in bone (i.e., osteoblastic lesions in metastatic prostate cancer). Thus, it is a combination of the clinical, radiographic, and pathological findings that helps determine the diagnosis of bony lesions.
The Nervous, Endocrine, and Cardiovascular Systems

Throughout this volume we are concerned with activity and reactivity in the cardiovascular system during psychological stressors. Cardiovascular activity is mediated by the nervous and endocrine systems. Accordingly, we shall now examine the necessary details of each system, and also look at how they interact to produce the cardiovascular responses that are the topic of this text. It should be acknowledged that some aspects of the organization of this chapter are based on that used by Rushmer (1989) in his description of the structure and function of the cardiovascular system, and the reader is referred to his work for further details.
Logarithmic Transformations and Stochastic Control

Abstract : We are concerned with a class of problems described in a somewhat imprecise way as follows. Consider a linear operator of the form L + V(x), where L is the generator of a Markov process x sub t and the potential V(x) is some real-valued function on the state space sigma of x sub t. We are interested in probabilistic representations for solutions phi(s,x) to a certain backward equation with data phi(T,x) = phi(x) at a final time T.
First Demonstration of WSe2 CMOS Inverter with Modulable Noise Margin by Electrostatic Doping

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) as a family of 2D materials have received considerable attention due to their outstanding physical properties. Semiconducting TMDs with sizable bandgaps are especially appealing in quest of potential silicon alternatives. A complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) based inverter consisting of a p-type and an n-type field effect transistor (FET) is a fundamental unit for the logic elements of a circuit. WSe 2 FETs provide us a platform to achieve CMOS without intentional chemical doping due to the availability of both electron and hole transport. Here we demonstrate for the first time a WSe 2 CMOS inverter with modulable noise margin (NM), full logic swing, and high voltage gain by a novel gating scheme. Compared to existing demonstrations of WSe 2 -based inverters [1]–[4] utilizing Schottky-barrier type devices, we deliver a genuine CMOS with n/i/n and p/i/p electrostatic doping profiles for the n/p-FET, respectively. Furthermore, We explore the significance of having devices with matched threshold voltages (V th ) to achieve optimal NM for high and low input states ( $\mathrm{NM}_{\mathrm{H}}$ and $\mathrm{NM}_{\mathrm{L}}$ ), which is essential to realize advanced circuit implementations.
Simple interventions to decrease use of chemotherapy in patients at the end of life.

181Background: Early palliative care referral has proven useful in reducing chemotherapy given to cancer patients in the last 30 days of life. We designed a program to help train primary oncologist...
The estrogen receptor-alpha S118P variant does not affect breast cancer incidence or response to endocrine therapies

Estrogen receptor-alpha (ER) is a therapeutic target of ER-positive (ER+) breast cancers. Although ER signaling is complex, many mediators of this pathway have been identified. Specifically, phosphorylation of ER at serine 118 affects responses to estrogen and therapeutic ligands and has been correlated with clinical outcomes in ER+ breast cancer patients. We hypothesized that a newly described germline variant (S118P) at this residue would drive cellular changes consistent with breast cancer development and/or hormone resistance. Isogenic human breast epithelial cell line models harboring ER S118P were developed via genome editing and characterized to determine the functional effects of this variant. We also examined the frequency of ER S118P in a case–control study (N = 536) of women with and without breast cancer with a familial risk. In heterozygous knock-in models, the S118P variant demonstrated no significant change in proliferation, migration, MAP Kinase pathway signaling, or response to the endocrine therapies tamoxifen and fulvestrant. Further, there was no difference in the prevalence of S118P between women with and without cancer relative to population registry databases. This study suggests that the ER S118P variant does not affect risk for breast cancer or hormone therapy resistance. Germline screening and modification of treatments for patients harboring this variant are likely not warranted.
Applications of machine learning at the limits of form-dependent scattering for defect metrology

Undetected patterning defects on semiconductor wafers can have severe consequences, both financially and technologically. Industry is challenged to find reliable and easy-to-implement methods for defect detection. In this paper we present robust machine learning techniques that can be applied to classify defect images. We demonstrate the basic principles of an algorithm that uses a convolutional neural network and discuss how such networks can be improved not only in their architecture but also tailored to the specific challenges of defect inspection through more specialized performance metrics. These advances may lead to more cost-efficient measurements by adjusting the decision threshold to minimize the number of wrong defect detections.
Measuring Health Equity for Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions in a Large Integrated Health Care System: The Development of an Index

Disparities in outcomes for preventive and primary health care services often result when vulnerable patients rely on episodic encounters for emergency services that do not meet their long-term health needs. Understanding health outcomes in socially or economically disadvantaged subgroups is crucial to improving community health, and it requires innovative analytics and dynamic application of clinical and population data. While it is common practice to use proxy indicators, such as quality of life and mortality, when discussing health equity, these have shown limited utility and are rarely applied at a population-level within a health system. Therefore, we designed and implemented an index, calculated as the ratio of observed-to-expected encounters, to identify and quantify health inequalities in health care systems. Providing equitable care, as measured by health outcomes, is analogous to precision medicine applied to social determinants. For health systems, the use of this index will facilitate the development of specially-tailored interventions to address inequity and provides a tool to measure the impact of such programs.
TYA new play development in academia: The New Plays for Young Audiences model

This article examines the process of TYA new play development specifically focusing on the model utilized in the NYU Steinhardt series, New Plays for Young Audiences (NPYA), and contrasting it with...
Gastrostomy Placement (Open and Laparoscopic Approach)

This chapter describes surgical gastrostomy tube placement as performed by both open and laparoscopic techniques. The text includes an introduction that outlines the indications, risks, alternatives, essential steps needed, equipment, and variations in technique for the procedure in question. This is followed by a template operative dictation, which provides the reader with an operative report, such as is found in a patient chart or electronic medical record. A description is provided of the following critical concepts for this procedure: confirmation of intraluminal placement of enterostomy tube, Stamm suture placement, and appropriate positioning within the stomach and on the abdominal wall.
The evolving therapeutic landscape of genetic skeletal disorders.

Rare bone diseases account for 5% of all birth defects yet very few have personalised treatments. Developments in genetic diagnosis, molecular techniques and treatment technologies however, are leading to unparalleled therapeutic advance. This review explores the evolving therapeutic landscape of genetic skeletal disorders (GSDs); the key conditions and there key differentials. A retrospective literature based review was conducted in December 2018 using a systematic search strategy for relevant articles and trials in Pubmed and clinicaltrials.gov respectively. Over 140 articles and 80 trials were generated for review. Over 20 personalised therapies are discussed in addition to several novel disease modifying treatments in over 25 GSDs. Treatments discussed are at different stages from preclinical studies to clinical trials and approved drugs, including; Burosumab for X-linked hypophosphatemia, Palovarotene for Hereditary Multiple Exostoses, Carbamazepine for Metaphyseal Chondrodysplasia (Schmid type), Lithium carbonate and anti-sclerostin therapy for Osteoporosis Pseudoglioma syndrome and novel therapies for Osteopetrosis. We also discuss therapeutic advances in Achondroplasia, Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI), Hypophosphotasia (HPP), Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva, and RNA silencing therapies in preclinical studies for OI and HPP. It is an exciting time for GSD therapies despite the challenges of drug development in rare diseases. In discussing emerging therapies, we explore novel approaches to drug development from drug repurposing to in-utero stem cell transplants. We highlight the improved understanding of bone pathophysiology, genetic pathways and challenges of developing gene therapies for GSDs.
Ethics and Values in Social Work: An Integrated Approach for a Comprehensive Curriculum

Ethics and Values in Social Work: An Integrated Approach for a Comprehensive Curriculum addresses the study of social work values and ethics in a very thorough and detailed way. Author Allan Barsky...
Evaluation of alternatives to paraffin for antirelaxation coatings

Paraffin wax is currently used as an antirelaxation coating in alkali metal vapor cells since it prevents spin depolarization of alkali atoms. However, the performance of paraffin decreases rapidly above 80 °C due to degradation; thus, the inability to operate at higher temperatures motivates a search for alternatives. Here, the authors use first-principles density functional theory to study rubidium (Rb) atom interactions with paraffin, along with potential alternative coating materials such as pristine and hydrogenated graphene, molybdenum disulfide, and the hydrogen-terminated silicon (111) surface. The authors’ results are in close agreement with experiments that find an adsorption energy of 0.1 eV for Rb on paraffin. The authors also find that Rb adsorbs strongly on graphene, MoS 2, and silicon surfaces, but that Rb has a low adsorption energy on hydrogenated graphene, which may be suitable as an antirelaxation coating. The authors link adsorption behavior to the charge-transfer-induced ionic bonding between Rb and the underlying material. In paraffin and hydrogenated graphene, charge transfer is avoided, leading to low Rb adsorption energies for these materials.
Evidence for G‐Protein–Coupled Estrogen Receptor as a Pronatriuretic Factor

Background The novel estrogen receptor, G‐protein–coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), is responsible for rapid estrogen signaling. GPER activation elicits cardiovascular and nephroprotective effects ...
Cross-state variation in opioid use disorder among a privately insured nonelderly population in the United States

Abstract Background: Although cross-state variation of the opioid epidemic in the United States are well documented in general, little are known about the epidemic in privately insured individuals. Objectives: To describe cross-state variation in Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) among privately insured individuals in the US for the years 2005-2015 and investigate demographic differences of OUD patients between a group of hard-hit states and the rest states. Methods: The MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters database was used to calculate prevalence of opioid use disorder for the 50 states in the US, respectively. We analyzed level and change of OUD prevalence in each state from 2005 to 2015 and identified the states which were affected most by the epidemic. One-sided exact fisher test was used to analyze demographic difference of the epidemic in the hard-hit states and the remaining states. Results: Cross-state variations of the opioid epidemic among privately insured population were substantial, both in terms of severity and acceleration of the epidemic. Demographic patterns of the epidemic were similar across states. The 18-34 age group was the most affected group with the highest prevalence. The 55-64 group experienced the most rapid increase of OUD prevalence, especially in states that suffered most in the epidemic. Conclusions: Results can assist policy makers to design better clinical and policy interventions on the opioid epidemic, especially on privately insured individuals. Drastic increase of OUD prevalence among the 55-64 group might indicate the need to improve prescription drug monitoring programs for chronic pain, especially in states more affected by the epidemic.
Helmholtz-Hodge Decompositions in the Nonlocal Framework

Nonlocal operators that have appeared in a variety of physical models satisfy identities and enjoy a range of properties similar to their classical counterparts. In this paper, we obtain Helmholtz-Hodge type decompositions for two-point vector fields in three components that have zero nonlocal curls, zero nonlocal divergence, and a third component which is (nonlocally) curl-free and divergence-free. The results obtained incorporate different nonlocal boundary conditions, thus being applicable in a variety of settings.
Plasma prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, melanocyte-stimulating hormone, and adrenocorticotropin responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in mares treated with detomidine and butorphanol.

Abstract Stress or excitement is a concern when performing endocrine tests on fractious horses. Sedation may be a solution; however, perturbation of test results may preclude useful information. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is a known stimulator of prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), and ACTH. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone–induced ACTH is a diagnostic tool for the assessment of endocrinopathies such as pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction. It is unknown if drugs commonly used for sedation alter endocrine responses. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of detomidine (DET) and butorphanol on endocrine responses to TRH. Nine light horse mares were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square with the following treatments: saline, DET, and detomidine + butorphanol (DET/BUT), all administered intravenously at 0.01 mg/kg BW. A 1-wk washout period was allowed between phases, all of which were performed in December. Blood samples were collected at −10 and 0 min before treatment and 5 and 10 min post-treatment. Administration of 1 mg TRH occurred 10 min post-treatment, and blood sampling continued 5, 10, 20, and 30 min post-TRH. Data were analyzed by ANOVA as a replicated Latin square with repeated sampling. Plasma prolactin increased (P
Searching for sport employee creativity: a mixed-methods exploration

Research Question: The purpose of this study was to explore and develop pathways to sport employee creativity. Currently, the literature is devoid of content regarding sport employee creativity, wh...
Social media and COVID-19: Characterizing anti-quarantine comments on Twitter

Social media has become a mainstream channel of communication during the COVID-19 pandemic. While some studies have been developed on investigating public opinion on social media data regarding COVID-19 pandemic, there is no study analyzing anti-quarantine comments on social media. This study has collected and analyzed near 80,000 tweets to understand anti-quarantine social comments. Using text mining, we found 11 topics representing different issues such as comparing COVID-19 and flu and health side effects of quarantine. We believe that this study shines a light on public opinion of people who are against quarantine.
Morphotype is not linked to mitochondrial haplogroups of Caribbean acroporid hybrids

The Caribbean Acropora corals, A. palmata and A. cervicornis form a hybrid with two broad morphotypes, bushy and palmate. These morphotypes were previously hypothesized to be linked to the hybrid’s maternal species. Here, we expand on this hypothesis by adding samples from across the range and by increasing genetic resolution. We reconstructed complete mitochondrial genomes as a proxy for maternal species. This yielded novel A. palmata haplogroups, only one of which was shared by all three taxa. Experts then evaluated photographs to classify corals to a taxon based on colony morphology. Expert classification revealed less accuracy and confidence in hybrid, and surprisingly A. palmata identification compared to A. cervicornis. No association between the bushy morph and mitochondrial haplogroups was found when mapping hybrid morphotypes to the mitogenome phylogeny. Therefore, mitochondrial haplogroup membership is not predictive of Caribbean acroporid hybrid morphology across the range. Additional work is needed to uncover determinants of colony morphology.
A Predictive Energy Landscape Model of Metamorphic Protein Conformational Specificity

"Metamorphic" proteins challenge state-of-the-art structure prediction methods reliant on amino acid similarity. Unfortunately, this obviates a more effective thermodynamic approach necessary to properly evaluate the impact of amino acid changes on the stability of two different folds. A vital capability of such a thermodynamic approach would be the quantification of the free energy differences between 1) the energy landscape minima of each native fold, and 2) each fold and the denatured state. Here we develop an energetic framework for conformational specificity, based on an ensemble description of protein thermodynamics. This energetic framework was able to successfully recapitulate the structures of high-identity enginerered sequences experimentally shown to adopt either Streptococcus protein GA or GB folds, demonstrating that this approach indeed reflected the energetic determinants of fold. Residue-level decomposition of the conformational specificity suggested several testable hypotheses, notably among them that fold-switching could be affected by local de-stabilization of the populated fold at positions sensitive to equilibrium perturbation. Since this ensemble-based compatibility framework is applicable to any structure and any sequence, it may be practically useful for the future targeted design, or large-scale proteomic detection, of novel metamorphic proteins. Impact StatementMetamorphic proteins are single amino acid sequences capable of adopting more than one structure at equilibrium. Detection and design of these molecules hold great promise for biological understanding and materials engineering, but to do so requires a thermodynamic framework capable of estimating the free energy differences between the two structures and the denatured state. We present such a framework, show it to be effective for the well-studied metamorphic protein GA/GB system, and suggest testable hypotheses for engineering novel fold-switch proteins.
Linear Modeling of Sandwich Plates

The sandwich plate that was analyzed in Chapter 2 on the basis of linear elasticity theory is treated again in this chapter, now on the basis of equations of sandwich plates to be derived. We recall that the sandwich plate consists of three homogeneous, elastic, and isotropic layers that are symmetrically constructed with respect to the middle plane of the sandwich. The two face layers are thus identical, although the core of the sandwich is made of a different material and can have a different thickness. Other than being symmetrically constructed, the sandwich is therefore an arbitrary three-layered plate, including as an important special case the ordinary sandwich plate that has relatively thin but rigid and heavy face layers. Being symmetric, flexural and extensional linear vibrations of the sandwich plate are uncoupled from each other.
Peer mentoring second language teachers: a mutually beneficial experience?

Studies have shown that there are not enough qualified foreign language and English as a second language teachers in this country. To increase the number of new second language teachers who remain in the profession, and to promote their use of best teaching practices, the ACTFL has identified mentoring as a national research priority. The importance of mentoring is further reflected in the new national standards established by the Council for Accreditation of Educator Preparation (CAEP) for teacher education programs. To address CAEP standards for advanced licensure programs and meet the needs of new second language teachers, a peer mentoring project was initiated. Using a mixed methodology, the researchers investigated the perceived benefits of a partnership between 27 mentors in an advanced licensure second language teaching program and 27 mentees, many of whom were practicing “lateral entry” second language teachers who had not yet completed second language teacher training. The results suggested that, when both parties shared content area expertise and worked together in a nonjudgmental, supportive manner, the partnership was mutually beneficial. The results also suggested that the relationship can be facilitated when both partners share certain commonalities, including age and amount of previous teaching experience.
Diurnal thermal forcing and hydrological response of Lewis Glacier, Mount Kenya

During February–March 1978 an intensive field experiment was conducted on Lewis Glacier, Mount Kenya, aimed at a quantitative understanding of diurnal heat budget forcing and water budget response of the glacier. Net allwave radiation reaches the largest positive values somewhat before local noon. Maximum melting is timed somewhat later, while water runoff from a tarp below the glacier has a minimum shortly before local noon and a maximum before sunset. However, the daily runoff (about 10–30 · 105l) is substantially smaller than the daytime melt (about 20–80 · 105l). This difference plays a distinct role for the nighttime surface heat budget. Net allwave radiation is strongly negative during the night (about −60 W m−2). Only a small portion of this heat expenditure is accounted for by the nighttime cooling of the top layer of the glacier and the downward directed sensible heat flux from the atmosphere during inversion conditions (< 20 W m−2). However, the largest portion of the heat loss through longwave radiation at night is provided by the refreezing of daytime meltwater contained in the top layer of the glacier (40 W m−2 integrated over the glacier being equivalent to about 15 · 105l). This is consistent with the observation that a substantial portion of the daytime melt does not reach the exit of the Lewis Glacier drainage.
Comparative effectiveness of medical and surgical therapy on olfaction in chronic rhinosinusitis: a prospective, multi-institutional study

Background Evidence comparing the impact of medical and surgical management of chronic rhinosinusitis on olfactory function is limited. This study evaluates olfactory outcomes in patients who failed initial medical management and elect either continued medical management or endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) followed by medical management. Methods Adult subjects were prospectively enrolled into a nonrandomized, multi-institutional cohort. Baseline characteristics, quality-of-life and objective clinical findings were collected along with 2 quality-of-life disease-specific measures, the Rhinosinusitis Disability Index (RSDI) and Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22). The primary outcome measure was the posttreatment change (≥6 months) in the Brief Smell Identification Test (B-SIT). Bivariate and multivariate analyses compared B-SIT changes by treatment type while controlling for baseline cofactors. Results Subjects (n = 280) were enrolled between March 2011 and May 2013. Baseline B-SIT scores (mean ± standard deviation) were comparable between medical and surgical treatment groups (8.8 ± 3.2 vs 9.0 ± 3.2; p = 0.703). Subjects with baseline impaired olfaction (n = 83; 29.6%) experienced B-SIT improvement in both the medical (n = 17; 2.3 ± 2.8; p = 0.005) and surgical (n = 66; 2.1 ± 3.0; p 0.050). Conclusion Subjects electing ESS experienced gains in olfaction comparable to subjects electing continued medical management. Further study with larger sample size and more sensitive measures of olfaction are needed to determine differences between treatment groups.
What's All the Fuss About?

ABSTRACT Nonprofit organizations have been increasingly scrutinized by their constituencies, the public, and the media in regard to the level of compensation of their chief executive officers (CEOs). This article explores the myths and realities concerning “reasonable” CEO pay in the human services sub-set of nonprofit organizations and compares the structures of, rationale for, and actual levels of for-profit and nonprofit CEO compensation. Arguments for keeping nonprofit CEO pay low are challenged and suggestions are offered in regard to defining consensual definitions of reasonable pay. Recommendations are made concerning public relations efforts to address public attitudes about CEO pay.
Hormones and Cancer--Looking Forward.

We are happy to announce that Hormones and Cancer received its first Impact Factor this year. Much to our dismay, an impact factor of 0.019 was reported initially, but this number was a major miscalculation. At our request, Reuters recalculated the impact factor and concluded that the correct figure was 2.153. A correction notice was quickly issued (http://admin-apps.webofknowledge.com/JCR/static_html/ notices/notices.htm) and we have used the correct number in our advertising and on our websites. However, Reuters does not make corrections to the original announcement/list until September. This has generated some confusion and questions from prospective authors. The rankings should be corrected by the time this issue is in print (http://admin-apps. webofknowledge.com/JCR/JCR). I am very pleased with the progress of the journal. The impact factor (based on citations of 2012–2013 articles) is a solid start for a new journal and monthly submissions are up 50 % this year relative to last year and preceding years. I look forward to increasing the prominence and impact of Hormones and Cancer. In this issue, we are adding a brief precis summarizing the main findings of each article in an expanded table of contents, which can be found on the Endocrine Society Hormones and Cancer web site (http://press.endocrine. org/hoca). Next year, 2016, is the Centennial year for the Endocrine Society and there will be special themed articles in the journals to highlight various areas of endocrinology. Because Hormones and Cancer is published bi-monthly, two themes will be included in the issue. The monthly themes for the year frequently align with existing health initiatives and are as follows:
Interconnects for nanoelectronics

In the nanoelectronics era with ever smaller devices and higher densities, there are challenges of signal transmission and information communications via interconnects. We examine the interconnect issues for both charge-based and spin-based information systems. For charge-based systems, since there are substantial activities in optical interconnect, this paper focuses on other concepts and approaches. Self-assembled molecular wires, carbon nanotubes/nanowires and virus engineered metallic wires can be used for interconnects. The use of new nano-architectures such as cellular automata, which use mostly nearest neighbors, make the use of self-assembled interconnects even more attractive. These techniques may be applied readily to molecular devices. Spin-based devices offer a new opportunity for low power, high functional throughput applications. We analyze the use of spin waves for information transmission buses referred to as spin wave bus. By introducing these novel circuits built on the spin-based devices and spin wave interconnect, we anticipate enhanced logic functionality. The challenges and issues are discussed.
Design and development of Anti-XSS proxy

Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability allows an attacker to inject arbitrary JavaScript code that can be executed in the victim's browser and cause security breaches. The discovery of XSS is still widespread among today's web applications. As a result, there is a need to improve existing solutions or develop novel attack detection techniques. This paper proposes a proxy-level design and development of XSS attack detection approach (Anti-XSS) based on Kullback-Leibler Divergence (KLD) measure. The proposed approach has been applied for a number of open-source PHP web applications containing XSS vulnerabilities. The initial results show that the approach can effectively detect XSS attacks while displaying a low false positive rate depending on the choice of threshold values of KLD.
Retail gravitation and economic impact: A market-driven analytical framework for bike-share station location analysis in the United States

Bike-share programs are becoming a more frequent and popular amenity for cities around the world. Current analytical models for optimizing the placement and location of bike-share stations seem underdeveloped and potentially subject to false calibration errors. This research builds on retail gravitation models and their derivates to develop a duplicable model for bike-share location in cities in the United States. The findings suggest retail gravitation theory is helpful to bike-share station location analysis. Additionally, the findings set a framework for other cities to use as well as identify future research.
Physico-Chemical Nature of Bacteriolysis

WITHIN recent years, much attention has been paid to the antibacterial action of naturally occurring and synthetic products. The principal problem to be solved is that of the nature of the primary effect on the bacterial cell of the bacteriolytic or bacteriostatic agent. By such studies the intimate nature of the bacterial cytolysis may be illuminated and a practical means of early diagnosis of the lytic process may be forthcoming.
Intraoperative nerve stimulation with measurement of urethral sphincter pressure changes during radical retropubic prostatectomy: a feasibility study.

ABSTRACTPurpose: We evaluated the feasibility of using intraoperative nerve stimulation and real-time urodynamic monitoring to identify the intrapelvic innervation of the urethral sphincter during radical retropubic prostatectomy.Materials and Methods: Using an intraurethral balloon pressure transducer and nerve stimulator changes in urethral pressure were measured in response to stimulation of the neurovascular bundles, pelvic side wall, bladder neck, rectus muscle and other structures in 8 patients undergoing nerve sparing radical retropubic prostatectomy. Intraurethral pressure changes were charted on an urodynamic monitor and correlated with the anatomical location of stimulation.Results: Stimulation of the neurovascular bundles resulted in measurable and significant (greater than 10 cm. H2O) increases in intraurethral pressure in all 8 patients. The mean pressure increase was 22 cm. H2O. Neither control structure, that is the bladder neck or rectus, resulted in pressure changes with stimulation. In 6...
Physiological Characteristics of Mercury Uptake by Two Estuarine Species

Rapid uptake and slow loss of Hg will result from short exposures of some organisms to this metal, due to the transformation of Hg to a slowly exchanging form within the organisms. The extent of the difference between exposure time and depuration time will depend upon the rate of transformation during uptake. For the polychaete worm Neanthes succinea and the shrimp Palaemon debilis such transformations are extremely rapid. The exchange of Hg from the slowly exchanging compartment is similar among a wide variety of species. Thus, interspecies differences in susceptibility to Hg may be determined by differences in biochemical transformation rates and physiological permeability to the metal.
Home infusions: One center's experience with ERT and self-infusion in the home setting

4-one) is an isoflavone which has been proposed as a potential drug for the use in substrate reduction therapy (SRT) in mucopolysaccharidoses and other lysosmal storage diseases (LSD). It was proposed that the effect of genistein to reduce the lysosomal storage is due to inhibition of phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor, thus, impairing the signal transduction mechanism that normally leads to activation of expression of genes coding for enzymes necessary in biochemical reactions leading to production of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and possibly other compounds. However, to learn about the exact mechanism(s) of action of genistein, we have performed transcriptomic analyses. Cultures of human dermal fibroblasts were treated with genistein and transcriptomic signatures were determined. Time points assessed for 0.03, 0.06 and 0.1 mM genistein included 1, 24 and 48 h. The microarray analysis was performedwith the use of HumanHT-12 Expression BeadChip. Significant differences in expression of between 259 and 631 genes, depending on genistein concentration and the time of treatment, were detected. Among the affected genes, 74 coded for proteins with known functions in lysosomal biogenesis and/or function. Of these proteins, nearly 50% are associated with human lysosomal diseases. Particularly, genistein regulated expression of some genes coding for enzymes required for synthesis or degradation of GAG and glycosphingolipids. Moreover, expression of many genes involved in secondary effects of LSD was found to be modulated by genistein. Therefore, it appears that the mechanism of genistein-mediated SRT is significantly more complicated than just reduction in GAG synthesis.
Family coping. Supportive and obstructive factors

Successful coping with pediatric cancer enables the family to participate in the effective care of the child. This article focuses on those family variables associated with coping and adjustment to pediatric cancer. Among the variables most commonly noted as risk factors are the following: low socioeconomic status, concurrent stresses, low level of support, pre-existing serious psychologic problems in a family member, and inadequate coping resources. Implications of these risk factors for poor coping are discussed as well as recommendations for further investigation.
The Endangered Woundfin and Water Management in the Virgin River, Utah, Arizona, Nevada

Abstract Attempts to define conditions permitting compatible existence of endangered fishes and water development projects in the Virgin River basin of Utah, Arizona, and Nevada have met with limited success. The Quail Creek water project was completed in 1985 following acceptance of conditions judged essential to ensure survival of woundfin. Flow requirements specified for that project, however, may have been violated almost constantly in June–October 1985 and June–September 1986. In late May 1985 the entire Virgin River immediately below the Quail Creek diversion structure disappeared into sink holes that developed in the river bed. At about that time discharge into the river bed from the hot saline Pah Tempe springs located about 4.4 km downstream increased from 0.3 to an estimated 0.85–1.2 m3/sec. Native fish populations declined throughout the Utah segment of the Virgin River in 1985 and reproduction was poor to nonexistent above Quail Creek. Some species recovered and reproduced well following impro...
The Effects of Converting from Simvastatin to Atorvastatin on Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type‐1

Plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) is an important regulatory component of fibrinolysis and is elevated in the presence of endothelial dysfunction. Endothelial dysfunction and PAI-1 in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) have been demonstrated to improve following simvastatin therapy. The effect of converting from simvastatin to atorvastatin on PAI-1 has not been reported and may be an additional consideration when making a formulary medication switch. Fourteen adult patients with hypercholesterolemia and CAD who were receiving simvastatin for a minimum of 3 months were randomized to continue on simvastatin or be converted to atorvastatin. Doses were adjusted to achieve or sustain a low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol of ≤100 mg/dL. A fasting lipid panel and PAI-1 were obtained at baseline and following 10 weeks of treatment. Mean ±SD LDL cholesterol at baseline (95.6 ± 13.8 vs. 87.0 ± 12.3 dL, p = 0.24) and following 10 weeks of simvastatin or atorvastatin (96.6 ± 8.9 vs. 87.4 ± 20.3 mg/dL, p = 0.29) were similar. No differences in PAI-1 were observed at baseline (47.7 ± 19.3 vs: 64.6 ± 22.2 ng/mL, p = 0.15) or at 10 weeks (51.1 ± 32.5 vs. 63.9 ± 26.9 ng/mL, p = 0.44). These data suggest that the conversion from simvastatin to atorvastatin does not adversely affect PAI-1 plasma concentrations in patients with CAD.