cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transfer of source correlations to counter-propagating bosons

We study a one-dimensional Yukawa model where the coupling of a spinless fermionic field to a neutral bosonic scalar field becomes exactly soluble in the recoil-free limit. We demonstrate how the correlation between two spatially separated quantum sources can be transferred onto the created bosons. The presence of these correlations manifests itself in the absence of any quantum interference in the spatial densities when two bosons pass through each other. The interference is recovered if the sources are uncorrelated. We compare the evolution of the bosons' spatial probability with the one obtained from classical sources that also leads to interference. The classical description is inappropriate even for situations in which the bosons interfere.
Distributed Control Systems for Small-Scale Power Networks: Using Multiagent Cooperative Control Theory

Existing electric power distribution networks are operating near full capacity and facing rapid changes to address environmental concerns and improve their reliability and sustainability. These concerns are satisfied through the effective integration and coordination of distributed generators (DGs), which facilitate the exploitation of renewable energy resources, including wind power, photovoltaics, and fuel cells [1]. Although DGs can be of rotating machinery type, more recently, DGs have been designed to support renewable energy resources by electronic interfacing through voltage source inverters (VSI). Each DG corresponds to one energy source, and its control inputs are given to the interface VSI [1]-[5]. The successful coordination of DGs can be realized through microgrids, which are small-scale power systems consisting of local generation, local loads, and energy storage systems. Microgrids are autonomous subsystems with dedicated control systems that provide guaranteed power quality for local loads such as hospitals, economic centers, apartments, and universities. The microgrid concept, with its local control and power quality support, allows for the scalable integration of local power resources and loads into the existing power grid and enables a high penetration of distributed generation [5]-[10].
Emergency physicians' behaviors and workload in the presence of an electronic whiteboard.

Summary Background: As the demands on the emergency medicine (EM) system continue to increase, improvements in the organization of work and the access to timely clinical and system information will be required for providers to manage their workload in a safe and efficient manner. Information technology (IT) solutions are beginning to find their place in the emergency department (ED) and it is time to begin understanding how these systems are effecting physician behavior, communication and workload. Methods: The study used a time-in-motion, primary task analyses to study faculty and resident physician behavior in the presence of an electronic whiteboard. The NASA-Task Load Index (TLX) was used to measure subjective workload and the underlying dimensions of workload at the end of each physician observation. Work, communication and workload were characterized using descriptive statistics and compared using Mann–Whitney U-tests. Results: Physicians in our study performed more tasks and were interrupted less than physicians studied previously in conventional EDs. Interruptions interrupted direct patient care tasks less than other clinical activities. Temporary interruptions appear to be a major source of inefficiency in the ED, and likely a major threat to patient safety. Face-to-face interruptions persist even in the presence of advanced IT systems, such as the electronic whiteboard. Faculty physicians exhibited lower workload scores than resident physicians. Frustration was a significant contributing factor to workload in resident physicians. All physicians ranked temporal demands and mental demands as major contributing factors to workload. Conclusion: The results indicate that the electronic whiteboard improves the efficiency of work and communication in the ED. IT solutions may have great utility in improving provider situational awareness and distributing workload among ED providers. The results also demonstrate that IT solutions alone will not solve all problems in the ED. IT solutions will probably be most effective in improving efficiency and safety outcomes when paired with human-based interventions, such as crew resource management. Future studies must investigate team interaction, workload and situational awareness, and the association of these factors to patient and provider outcomes.
Visual reinforcement with children

Abstract This study investigates the effectiveness of visual reinforcers on children's performance in a simple bar-pressing task as a function of age of S (CA 6–7, 10–11 years), sex of S, sex of E, and type of visual reinforcer (colored drawings of animals, hues, or line drawings of common objects). The base rate of response was significantly higher with male Es. The Sex of E had a significant effect on the performance of Ss at CA 6–7, where female Es produced higher increments in response than male Es with both boys and girls. By CA 10–11 sex of E no longer exerted a significant effect on performance during the training period, but a significantly higher level of response was found for boys compared to girls. Response rate during extinction was variable, such that it increased at some age levels with some groups, but decreased with others. Performance did not differ significantly as a function of the type of visual reinforcer.
Partition Distribution of Aroma Volatiles from Orange Juice into Selected Polymeric Sealant Films

The sorption of organic volatiles from orange juice by polymeric food contact materials was investigated. Three sealant films were evaluated, a commercial low density polyethylene and two developmental films, an ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer of high ethylene content and a co-polyester. Samples of the films were immersed in the juice for 24 days at 22°C and the level of sorbed volatiles monitored as a function of time. Three probe compounds (d-limonene, neral and geranial) were selected as being representative of orange juice flavor components. A gas chromatographic technique was developed to quantify the level of probe compounds in juice and films. Results compared favorably to the more traditional bromide-bromate titration method. Sorption of organic volatiles by one of the developmental films (co-polyester) was significantly lower than the others.
Antagonism between MES-4 and Polycomb repressive complex 2 promotes appropriate gene expression in C. elegans germ cells.

The Caenorhabditis elegans MES proteins are key chromatin regulators of the germline. MES-2, MES-3, and MES-6 form the C. elegans Polycomb repressive complex 2 and generate repressive H3K27me3. MES-4 generates H3K36me3 on germline-expressed genes. Transcript profiling of dissected mutant germlines revealed that MES-2/3/6 and MES-4 cooperate to promote the expression of germline genes and repress the X chromosomes and somatic genes. Results from genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that H3K27me3 and H3K36me3 occupy mutually exclusive domains on the autosomes and that H3K27me3 is enriched on the X. Loss of MES-4 from germline genes causes H3K27me3 to spread to germline genes, resulting in reduced H3K27me3 elsewhere on the autosomes and especially on the X. Our findings support a model in which H3K36me3 repels H3K27me3 from germline genes and concentrates it on other regions of the genome. This antagonism ensures proper patterns of gene expression for germ cells, which includes repression of somatic genes and the X chromosomes.
Polarity and stratification of the epidermis

Polarity is a fundamental property of epithelial cells. In this review, we discuss our current knowledge of the polarity of a stratified epithelium, the epidermis, focusing on similarities and differences with simple epithelial models. We highlight how the differences in tissue architecture and physiology result in alterations in some aspects of cell polarity. In addition, we discuss one of the most prominent uses for cell polarity in the epidermis-orienting the mitotic spindle to drive the stratification and differentiation of this tissue during development.
Nutrition and Poliomyelitis. The Effects of Deficiencies of Phosphorus, Calcium, and Vitamin D on the Response of Mice to the Lansing Strain of Poliomyelitis Virus

Thelier's virus to an extent comparable to the protection given by a deficiency of vitamin B i against the Lansing strain of poliomyelitis virus. A deficiency of calcium, on the other hand, gave no protection. At the time the studies mentioned above were published, the present authors had completed a study (first series) on the effect of a deficiency of phosphorus on the resistance of mice to the Lansing strain of the virus of poliomyelitis. The diet was also deficient in vitamin D, and to the lowphosphorus diets of some of the groups of animals bervllium carbonate was From the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (Department of Pediatrics) and the Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Participation of incident ion internal energy in molecular O+2-Ar charge-transfer collisions

Abstract The O + 2 —Ar charge-transfer reactions have been investigated for both the X 2 Π g and a 4 Π u states of O + 2 in the kinetic energy range of 0.7 to 3.0 keV. Exhibited resonant and non-resonant behavior of the cross sections is consistent with theoretical predictions.
Business Student Preferences: Exploring the Relative Importance of Web Management in Course Design

The following study investigates the relative importance of Web management practices in business curricular pedagogy from an undergraduate student perspective. Using conjoint methodology, the resul...
What types of evidence are most needed to advance behavioral medicine

This editorial presents a perspective on the types of evidence most needed to advance behavioral medicine given the current status of the field. The paper argues that the types of evidence most needed at present are evidence that is contextual, practical, and robust. Each of the above issues is discussed with attention to characteristics of interventions; representativeness at the multiple levels of setting, clinical staff, and participants; and research design and measures. Arguments are made from philosophy of science, status of the literature, and future directions perspectives. The current dominant paradigm of reductionistic studies focused predominantly on internal validity using highly homogenous patients and academic settings is not and will not produce the desired translation to real-world practice and policy. Instead, broader “practical” clinical and behavioral trials are needed that address the influence of the context in which programs are conducted, that include outcomes important to decision makers and communities, and that focus on moderating, mediating, and economic issues. To create programs that will be disseminable, a greater focus is needed on external validity and transparency of reporting. We need to realize that the world is complex and embrace and study this complexity to produce further progress. Such an approach can produce evidence that is both rigorous and relevant.
Cellular turnover at the chondro-osseous junction of growth plate cartilage: Analysis by serial sections at the light microscopical level

In the distal hypertrophic cell zone of growth plate cartilage, the penetration of metaphyseal vascular endothelial cells is into the noncalcified territorial and pericellular matrices. Cellular mechanisms that promote metaphyseal vascularization are understood poorly, partly because no study has addressed the question of the time sequence of cellular interactions at the chondro-osseous junction. The purpose of the present study is to make predictions about the relative and the real time duration of cellular events during vascular invasion, including an analysis of the time sequence of death of the terminal hypertrophic chondrocyte. The data from serial section analysis at the light microscopical level of tetracycline-labeled growth plates indicate that death of the terminal hypertrophic chondrocyte occurs in discrete morphological stages characterized by rapid cellular condensation followed, within minutes, by endothelial cell penetration into the vacated lacuna. Cellular condensation lasts approximately 45 min or 18% of the time a cell spends as a terminal chondrocyte. The data also demonstrate that chondrocytic death occurs prior to invasion by vascular endothelial cells and that the chondrocytic lacuna remains empty for as long as 15 min before an endothelial cell or blood vascular cell fills the space.
Equations for estimating percentage of body fat in children 10--14 years old.

Summary: Measurements of the percentage of body fat (derived by underwater weighing), height, weight, and triceps skinfold thickness were determined for a volunteer sample of 214 children, 10–14 years old. The bivariate correlations, by sex, of percentage of body fat with five obesity indices are highest with the triceps skinfold and least with weight-height. Five sets of equations are presented for predicting percentage of body fat based on measurements of either height and weight, triceps skinfold, or height, weight, and triceps skinfold. Cumulative frequency distributions of the percentage of body fat (based on height, weight, and triceps skinfold) are shown by race and sex for a total community of 10- to 14-year olds.
Allergy to cocamide DEA

Three cases are reported of individuals allergic to cocamide DEA, also known as coconut diethanolamide. In two cases, multiple other cutaneous allergies were present. In both instances, cocamide DEA was present in several personal care products used by the patients. In the third case, occupational exposure was suspected. Cocamide DEA is an unusual allergen that may cause contact dermatitis in individuals who often have multiple other skin allergies.
Antagonism of apomorphine-induced stereotypy and emesis in dogs by thioridazine, haloperidol, and pimozide

Apomorphine was administered to dogs 1, 3 and 20 h after pretreatment with thioridazine, haloperidol or pimozide. The dogs were observed for emesis, stereotypy and side effects of the neuroleptics. All three neuroleptics effectively blocked emesis and stereotypy; haloperidol in doses as low as 0.0125 mg/kg for stereotypy and 0.050 mg/kg for emesis; pimozide, 0.025 mg/kg for stereotypy, and 0.00625 mg/kg for emesis; and thioridazine, 4.0 mg/kg for both effects. Haloperidol 0.050 mg/kg blocked emesis and stereotypy at 1 h, but the same dose of pimozide blocked only emesis at this time. Threshold doses (0.0125 mg/kg) of haloperidol blocked stereotypy but not emesis, whereas the same dose of pimozide blocked emesis but not stereotypy. A marked tremor and a gnawing syndrome were seen with haloperidol 0.050 mg/kg, but did not appear with pimozide until higher doses were administered; these side effects were not observed with thioridazine. The findings support a dopaminergic mechanism for apomorphine induced stereotypy in dogs. Differences in onset of pimozide and haloperidol suggest different permeabilities of the drugs through the blood brain barrier, as well as differences in accessibility of the chemoreceptor trigger zone and corpus striatum to circulating drugs. The different effects of threshold doses of pimozide and haloperidol may be explained by postulating the existence of two dopamine receptors.
Characterization of the Interface Dipole at Organic/ Metal Interfaces

In organics-based (opto)electronic devices, the interface dipoles formed at the organic/metal interfaces play a key role in determining the barrier for charge (hole or electron) injection between t ...
Business Logo Signing: Evaluation of the Number of Logo Panels on Specific Service Signs

Specific service signs provide motorists with business identification information along freeway approaches to interchanges. The Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices limits the number of these signs along an interchange approach to four and the number of logo panels per sign to six, although there are continuing requests to increase the number of panels allowed per sign. The present research evaluated specific service signs with four, six, or nine panels per sign and with all logo-based panels or all text-based panels. Participants were asked to determine whether a particular business was present on a sign. Mean reaction times indicated that for nine-panel signs, younger drivers took approximately 2.2s to determine correctly the presence of a business, while older drivers took approximately 2.9s. In considering drivers of all ages, an increase from six to nine panels brings mean reaction times from 1.8s to 2.5s for text signs and from 1.9s to 2.5s for logo signs. In a second task, participants were gi...
Investigation of mercaptans, organic sulfides, and inorganic sulfur compounds as sulfur sources for the growth of methanogenic bacteria

A variety of compounds were investigated for use as sulfur sources for the growth of methanogenic bacteria.Methanococcus (Mc.) deltae, Mc. maripaludis, Methanobacterium (Mb.) speciesGC-2B, GC-3B, andMMY, Methanobrevibacter (Mbr.) ruminantium, andMethanosarcina (Ms.) barkeri strain 227 grew well with sulfide, So, thiosulfate, or cysteine as sole sulfur source.Mbr. ruminatium was able to grow on SO 4 = or SO 3 = , andMs. barkeri strain 227 was able to grow on SO 3 = , but not on SO 4 = as a sole sulfur source.Mc. jannaschii grew with sulfide, So, thiosulfate or SO 3 = , but not on cysteine or SO 4 = as sole surface source.Mc. thermolithotrophicus, Mc. jannaschii, Mc. deltae, andMb. thermoautotrophicum strains Marburg and ΔH were able to grow with methanethiol, ethanethiol,n-propanethiol,n-butanethiol, methyl sulfide, dimethyl sulfoxide, ethyl sulfide, or CS2 as a sulfur source, when very low levels (20–30 μM) of sulfide were present; no growth occurred on 5–100 μM sulfide alone. Methanethiol, ethanethiol, and methyl sulfide-using cultures produced sulfide during growth.
A proposal for a democratic market economy

Abstract A type of market socialism is proposed for the United States both as a means of attaining more social equality than private ownership of corporate business makes politically and economically feasible, and of advancing a whole range of liberal purposes by undermining direct and indirect political power of the conservative business community. It is proposed to transfer ownership of corporate business to a system of local-government investment funds under specified national regulation. Such a system could retain all the economic advantages of capitalism, while facilitating better control of inflation, and would have genuine political feasibility in the United States.
The good old days versus today: the changed hardware and software security requirements with automation

Abstract The introduction of a computer, whether it is an integral part of a larger system or not, brings with it many security problems that must be addressed. Frequently the new security needs are the results of the loss of old security measures, such as separation of duties or access control to documents, destroyed by the introduction of new equipment. Also, one must now protect the equipment from theft, environment hazards, and both careless and malicious acts of individuals. In “the good old days” (read ten to twenty years ago), computer security was a relatively simple matter, even in a manufacturing environmental. The reason for the apparent simplicity was that the use and impact of computgers was limited. Employees learning how to use a computer could be told “Go ahead. There is nothing you can do that will really hurt anything,” with a fair chance of having been told the trut. Computers were used primarily in business (office) applications with a frew “island” out in the shop. Now, all that has changed. In generally, as computers have gotten closer to the user, security has become more of a problem. In early installations, security has a secure room. Later, users and programmrs submitted their program through a window, then went back later to pick up their results through the same window. Now, access may be from a great distance. In the new computer integrated environment, whether in office automation or in Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM), the impact of bad input into a computer or the deliberate or inadvertent alteration of awhat is already in the computer can have disastrous consquences throughout the business. The acronyms crucial to the automation of the manufacturing and engineering functions (e.g., MRP, CAD, CAM, CAE, DFA, FMS, AS/RS, AGV, CIM, et al) all depends heavily upon file data interdependenc and integrity (which, in turn, depents on file security). Yet, in general, the topics of security, training in security, and the need for security tend to get short shift in industry. We belive that a formal, intense, and continuous information and training program, starting with those officers at the top of the corporation, is needed for a heavily automated company to stand the best chance of having a system that is not violated.
Combined Effects of Passing Clouds and Wind Gusts on an Interactive Wind-PV System with Battery Storage Using Neural Networks

Abstract This article analyzes the combined effects of random clouds and wind gusts on a grid-linked rooftop wind-photovoltaic system (WPS) with battery storage. For short period intervals, the wind speed and the solar radiation are considered as the sole sources of power whose variations influence the system variables. The stochastic nature of gusty winds creates a quasi-permanent transitory environment for the wind power subsystem, where the wind generator voltage and power undergo steep changes in short periods of time. Likewise, passing clouds affect the variables of the photovoltaics. Since both subsystems have different dynamics, their respective responses are expected to impact differently the overall system behavior. The system responses are predicted with artificial neural networks (ANN). Unlike conventional modeling, the ANN simulation does not require the knowledge of system parameters. This allows circumventing two major problems: parameter uncertainty and system non-linearity, which could be ...
Probing Strong Adsorption of Solute onto C18-Silica Gel by Fluorescence Correlation Imaging and Single-Molecule Spectroscopy under RPLC Conditions

Understanding molecular adsorption at a chromatographic interface is of great interest for addressing the tailing problem in chemical separations. Single-molecule spectroscopy and confocal fluorescence correlation imaging are used to study the adsorption sites of C18 silica beads under RPLC chromatographic conditions. The experiments show that cationic molecule rhodamine 6G laterally diffuses through the chromatographic interface of a C18 hydrocarbon monolayer and acetonitrile with occasional reversible strong adsorptions. Fluorescence correlation imaging extracts the rare strong adsorption events from large data sets, revealing that the strong adsorption sites are randomly distributed throughout the silica beads. Virtually every imaging pixel of silica beads adsorbs molecules. Single-molecule spectroscopy of the 584 strong adsorption events observed indicates that the strong adsorptions persist on the time scales from several milliseconds to seconds, having an average desorption time of 61 ms. The strong...
"Real-world" effectiveness of reactive telephone counseling for smoking cessation: a randomized controlled trial.

Background Reactive telephone helplines for smoking cessation (where all calls to counselors are smoker initiated) are increasingly used in the United States. However, limited data from randomized controlled trials are available on their effectiveness. The study objective was to evaluate the real-world effectiveness of reactive telephone counseling for smoking cessation using a randomized controlled trial study design. Methods The study was implemented during a period from 2003 to 2006 to evaluate a reactive telephone helpline run by the American Lung Association chapter of Illinois-Iowa. The 990 new callers, all adult current smokers who called the helpline, were randomized on their first call into one of the two following groups: a control group that received only mailed self-help literature (n = 496); and a study group that received supplemental live reactive telephone counseling (n = 494). Telephone follow-up was completed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after study enrollment by interviewers blinded to group assignment. Seven-day point prevalence rates of self-reported abstinence at follow-up evaluations were compared between the two groups using an intent-to-treat design. Results The two groups did not differ significantly in baseline demographics and smoking-related behavior. The abstinence rates (ranging between 0.09 and 0.15) were not significantly different between the two groups at 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up evaluations. Post hoc subgroup analysis showed that black callers had lower abstinence rates at the 3- and 12-month follow-up evaluations as compared with white callers. Conclusion Supplemental live, reactive telephone counseling does not provide greater success in smoking cessation than self-help educational materials alone.
Technique without theory or theory from technique? An examination of practical, philosophical, and foundational issues in data mining

In this paper, it is argued that although data mining (DM) is being touted as a solution to many business problems and is basking in the glory of electronic business environments of today, as practiced currently, it reflects a preoccupation with short-run commercial applications and a neglect of the underlying theoretical issues. Although an argument can be made that theoretical precedence is not a necessary prerequisite for practical application or for commercial success, it can also be argued that an exclusive reliance on data-driven and exploratory components of pattern recognition without a corresponding attention to the causal schemas underlying patterns is destined to limit the potential for DM to evolve into a long-term solution to business problems or into an intellectual discipline in its own right. This paper presents an overview of key features and assumptions in DM and examines some of the key practical, philosophical, and foundational issues in DM.
Particles and pulses in n-hexane

Abstract By experimental observation the persistent controversy about the order of charge carried by minute natural particles in a liquid dielectric is resolved. The work reported earlier has been extended, by use of the on-line transient recorder in a dual channel mode, to provide a clear demonstration that the fempto-Coulomb pulses of conduction observed in liquid dielectrics are associated with inter-electrode transitions by minute solid particles. Particle motion was monitored by means of light scattered onto the cathode of a photomultiplier. This enables distributions to be obtained for particle transit-times and dwell-times at various stresses. The observations confirm that particles are poor and infrequent carriers of charge. Also, there is still no evidence of any relationship between particle motion and the larger (pico Coulomb) pulses observed at high stresses. Further comments are made on the apparent dwell-time of particles and the possible value of the force binding them to the electrodes.
Characterization of the Polymerase Activity Associated with Cultured Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Patients with Kawasaki Disease

ABSTRACT: The particulate fractions of culture supernatants from peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 39 patients with Kawasaki disease (KD) were examined for the presence of particle-associated reverse transcriptase activity. The peak polymerase activity was significantly higher in cultures from KD patients compared to controls (mean = 6.4 versus 3.6 pmol of dTMP incorporated, p = 0.001). PBMC cultured between the 3rd and 9th wk after onset of fever were most likely to be associated with reverse transcriptase activity. Peak polymerase activity was positively associated with older age (r = 0.41, p = 0.01) and greater magnitude of the serum IgA response at 7-14 d after onset of fever (r = 0.45, p = 0.01) and IgM response at 6-9 wk after onset of fever (r = 0.46, p = 0.01). The appearance of enzyme activity was not associated with a decrease in viability of the cultured cells. A purified enzyme preparation showed radiolabel incorporation only with an RNA template with DNA primer. These data suggest that circulating mononuclear cells from KD patients may harbor a polymerase-associated agent and that these cells can be most readily detected in the early convalescent phase of KD from older patients who mount a marked humoral immune response.
Theory of the First-Order Raman Effect in Solid-State Plasmas in a Magnetic Field

The Raman scattering cross section in the forward direction has been calculated for narrow-gap semiconductors such as GaAs, GaP, etc. The main mechanism considered for the scattering is the "phonon fluctuations," while the negligible contribution to the scattering from electron-charge fluctuations has been omitted. Our result shows the possibility of observing ionic as well as electronic excitation modes resulting from the self-consistent field of the electron-phonon system.
Dynamic bifurcation during high-rate planar extension of a thin rectangular block

Abstract Dynamic bifurcations in deformation from a uniform state of rapid extension are studied for a rectangular block. The block may be viewed as a segment of a thin shell which is one period of a deformation which is periodic along the circumference. The material is taken to be incompressible and characterized by an incrementally linear, rate-independent elastic-plastic constitutive law. The stress-state in the block prior to bifurcation is approximately uniform and the effect of bifurcation mode inertia is taken into account. The bifurcation problem is formulated as a two-variable problem in terms of a constant stress and a variable representing the rate of growth of a bifurcation mode, here called the localization speed. A qualitative lower limit on growth of a diffuse mode in terms of the localization speed and a limit on the background motion due to the requirement of subsonic deformation are suggested. Bifurcation stress-localization speed distributions are computed and important changes from the quasistatic bifurcation behavior responsible for the phenomenon of multiple necking are shown to exist. In particular, it is found that the long wavelength modes are suppressed because their rate of formation is too slow compared to the background deformation. The main focus is on diffuse bifurcations; however, other bifurcation phenomena are touched upon by way of incremental wave propagation arguments.
Mining aggregates of over-the-counter products for syndromic surveillance

There has recently been a surge of research efforts aimed at very early detection of disease outbreaks. An important strategy for improving the timeliness of outbreak detection is to identify signals that occur early in the epidemic process. We have developed a novel algorithm to identify aggregates of ''similar'' over-the-counter products that have strong association with a given disease. This paper discusses the proposed algorithm and reports the results of an evaluation experiment. The experimental results show that this algorithm holds promise for discovering product aggregates with outbreak detection performance that is superior to that of predefined categories. We also found that the products extracted by the proposed algorithm were more strongly correlated with the disease data than the standard predefined product categories, while also being more strongly correlated with each other than the products in any predefined category.
Sequential fixed width confidence intervals for regression parameters from censored data with a discrete covariate

Sequential fixed width interval estimation procedure is considered in a simple linear regression model where the independent variable (covariate) assumes only a finite number of values and the dependent variable (response) is randomly right censored. The censoring distribution may depend on the covariate values. The sequential procedure is shown to be consistent and efficient as the width of the confidence interval decreases to zero. The asymptotic distribution of the underlying stopping rule is obtained.
Heat capacity of hexagonal tungsten bronzes

The heat capacity of four hexagonal tungsten bronzes (${\mathrm{K}}_{x}\mathrm{W}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}, {\mathrm{Rb}}_{x}\mathrm{W}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}, {\mathrm{Cs}}_{x}\mathrm{W}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}, \mathrm{and} {\mathrm{Tl}}_{x}\mathrm{W}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$), W${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, and cubic ${\mathrm{Na}}_{x}\mathrm{W}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ have been measured from 1 to 55 K. The excess heat capacity reported by King et al. for ${\mathrm{Rb}}_{x}\mathrm{W}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ and attributed to an Einstein mode is also present in ${\mathrm{K}}_{x}\mathrm{W}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, ${\mathrm{Cs}}_{x}\mathrm{W}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, and ${\mathrm{Tl}}_{x}\mathrm{W}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. The values of $x$ determined from the excess heat capacity agree reasonably well with the nominal composition having $x=0.33$. The Einstein temperatures ${\ensuremath{\Theta}}_{E}$ for the metal ions vibrating in the channels formed by the six-membered rings of W${\mathrm{O}}_{6}$ octahedra were found to be 58 K for Rb, 70 K for Cs, and 38 K for Tl. Two unexplained peaks in the heat capacity of ${\mathrm{K}}_{x}\mathrm{W}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ near 20 K precluded an accurate determination of ${\ensuremath{\Theta}}_{E}$ for this tungsten bronze, but ${\ensuremath{\Theta}}_{E}$ is estimated to be between 60 and 90 K. The magnitudes of the Einstein temperatures can be understood in terms of the masses and ionic radii of the metal ions. All four hexagonal tungsten bronzes are superconductors. Measurements of the heat capacity with a magnetic field showed ${\mathrm{Rb}}_{x}\mathrm{W}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ to be a type-I superconductor, but ${\mathrm{K}}_{x}\mathrm{W}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ to be a type-II superconductor.
Egocentric Empathy Gaps between Owners and Buyers: Misperceptions of the Endowment Effect

In 5 studies, the authors examined people's perceptions of the endowment effect, or the tendency to value an object more once one owns it. In the 1st 2 studies, the authors documented egocentric empathy gaps between owners and buyers regarding the endowment effect: Both owners and buyers overestimated the similarity between their own valuation of a commodity and the valuation of people in the other role. The next 2 studies showed that these empathy gaps may lead to reduced earnings in a marker setting The final study showed the egocentric empathy gaps stem partly from people's misprediction of what their own valuation would be if they were in the other role.
A comparison of the fcc(111) and (100) crystal-melt interfaces by molecular dynamics simulation

Abstract The molecular dynamics simulation technique is employed to study the fcc (100) and (111) crystal—melt interfaces of a system of Lennard-Jones atoms near the triple-point. A comparison of the structure and thermodynamics of the two interfaces results in a simple picture concerning the role of crystal orientation on the structure of the liquid neighboring the crystal face.
Déjà Vu Switching for Multiplane NoCs

In chip-multiprocessors (CMPs) the network-on-chip (NoC) carries cache coherence and data messages. These messages may be classified into critical and non-critical messages. Hence, instead of having one interconnect plane to serve all traffic, power can be saved if the NoC is split into two planes: a fast plane dedicated to the critical messages and a slower, more power-efficient plane dedicated only to the non-critical messages. This split, however, can be beneficial to save energy only if system performance is not significantly degraded by the slower plane. In this work we first motivate the need for a timely delivery of the "non-critical" messages. Second, we propose Deja Vu switching, a simple algorithm that enables reducing the voltage and frequency of one plane while reducing communication latency through circuit switching and support of advance, possibly conflicting, circuit reservations. Finally, we study the constraints that govern how slow the power-efficient plane can operate without negatively impacting system performance. We evaluate our design through simulations of 16 and 64 core CMPs. The results show that we can achieve an average NoC energy savings of 43% and 53%, respectively.
Demographic transition in Japan.

This article begins by disputing the claim by some scholars that the concept of a demographic transition is not applicable to Japan. Next, analysis of differentials and trends in natality over the period 1920 to 1960 suggests that changes in infant mortality and the degree of child employability may have been crucial reasons for Japan's modern fertility decline. In the short run, costs of birth regulation significantly helped determine levels of marital fertility. But in the long run, changes in such costs, without changes in attitudes toward desired number of births, could not have caused fertility decline.
Transferability of Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey Data to Regional and Local Scales

The development of a system for using Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey (NPTS) data to estimate regional or local travel behavior—vehicle and person trips and miles of travel—is detailed. This system can be used by state or municipal transportation planners. The census tracts were classified into groups, or clusters, that tend to be homogeneous for individual travel behavior. These census tract clusters were based on household income, employment rate, number of household vehicles, and area type (urban, suburban, or rural). NPTS data were used to estimate driving characteristics for each of the clusters derived in the classification step. How well the goal of estimating regional or local travel characteristics was achieved by using standards computed from an independent survey from Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and by using independent data from three add-on components of the NPTS itself was assessed. Estimates computed from the NPTS data by using the census tract cluster method were compared with estima...
Labeling “Genocide” in Sudan: A Constructionist Analysis of Darfur

Labeling is critical for the framing, perception, and political implications of social problems, genocide being a critical but overlooked example. For half a century social-science theory has developed increasingly sophisticated paradigms for understanding the process by which problems are recognized and addressed: social constructionism, labeling theory, politico-linguistics, problem definition, and tipping points. Yet rarely have these theoretical frameworks been applied to genocide studies. When reconsidered in light of Sudan, these general frameworks validate the constructionist argument that the recognized severity of political problems—including government-organized or -sanctioned mass killings—is a function of the socio-linguistic processing and naming of them. Anti-genocide advocates, no less than scholars of genocide, can benefit from the adaptation and application of policy frameworks deriving from constructionist analysis. The article concludes with empirical data tracing the use of the term “g...
ON EAST ASIAN ORTHOBULA (ARANEAE, CLUBIONIDAE)

The female of the Japanese spider Orthobula crucifera BOSENBERG et STRAND is redescribed and the male described for the first time; a new species, Orthobula yaginumai, is described from southern China.
Current-induced formation of stable M2-phase vanadium dioxide

Studies are reported on the transformation of M1-phase vanadium dioxide into the stable M2 structure for a micro-fabricated device. The device is composed of a VO2 channel of length 50 μm, width 40 μm, and thickness 120 nm, and electrical contacts made of titanium and gold. Transformation is achieved in the channel region between electrical contacts by heating the entire structure to 40 °C and simultaneously driving current. The channel is observed to partially transform along its length. Micro-Raman measurements reveal the two regions to be the M1 and M2-phases of VO2. X-ray photoemission measurements show the presence of gold in both regions, but with higher content in the M2 material. The M1 portion of the channel is found to undergo a phase transition to the conductive R phase at ~ 63 °C based on resistance and micro-Raman measurements as temperature is increased. The M2-phase is found to remain stable to temperature cycling between 25 and 120 °C. We attribute both the reduced M1 → R phase transition temperature and the stable formation of M2-phase VO2 to the presence of gold.
1193 THE UREASE INFUSED RAT AS A MODEL OF INBORN ERRORS OF UREA SYNTHESIS

Rats treated with intravenous urease become acutely hyper-ammonemic (HA) and have increased tryptophan transport into the brain associated with elevated levels of serotonin and 5-hydroxy indoleacetic acid (HIAA) [Life Sciences 33; 2417, 1983]. We have implanted intraperitoneally 7 and 14 day Alzet osmotic pumps delivering 2.5 U urease/100g/24hr. Mean plasma ammonium levels were (X ± SEM) 64 ± 4 uM baseline and 392 ± 30 uM during urease infusion (p <.01) in 23 rats. HA lasted a mean of 8 days. Plasma amino acids showed a specific elevation in glutamiue 698 ± 57 uM versus baseline 412 ± 19 uM (p <.01) with no alterations in branched chain amino acids or tyrosine levels as is seen in models of portal-systemic shunting. Sham operated animals showed no significant biochemical changes. In the cortex of HA animals, levels of serotonin and HIAA were increased but levels of norepinephrine, dopamine and homovanillic acid were not altered. Food intake decreased more in the HA rats than in those receiving sham surgery -6.9 ± 1.4 vs. -4.6 ± 0.9 g/d. Weight loss was also greater in the HA rats 19.8 ± 4.4 vs. 3.0 ± 1.3 g (p< .01). Thus behaviorally, the HA rats were anorectic, similar to children with inborn errors of urea synthesis, which suggests a relationship between altered serotonin metabolism and anorexia. The urease treated rat may prove useful in studying the neurochemical and behavioral abnormalities associated with inborn errors of urea synthesis and may permit the testing of new therapeutic approaches.
Antibodies to sperm-whale myoglobin evoked by free synthetic peptides of an antigenic site.

Previous studies from this laboratory have resulted in the determination of the entire antigenic structure of myoglobin (Mb). The present work was carried out to investigate the antigenicity of the synthetic antigenic sites of Mb in their free form (i.e. without coupling to a carrier) and the effect of peptide size on antigenicity. Site 5 (peptide 145-151) and the longer peptides 145-153, 143-153 and 132-153, each of which carries within it the region of site 5, were synthesized. Immunization of three different mouse strains with each of these peptides, in their free form, resulted in the formation of antibodies that bound specifically to intact Mb. The advantages and significance of these findings are discussed.
Inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α regulate p75NTR expression in CNS neurons and astrocytes by distinct cell-type-specific signalling mechanisms

The p75NTR (where NTR is neurotrophin receptor) can mediate many distinct cellular functions, including cell survival and apoptosis, axonal growth and cell proliferation, depending on the cellular context. This multifunctional receptor is widely expressed in the CNS (central nervous system) during development, but its expression is restricted in the adult brain. However, p75NTR is induced by a variety of pathophysiological insults, including seizures, lesions and degenerative disease. We have demonstrated previously that p75NTR is induced by seizures in neurons, where it induces apoptosis, and in astrocytes, where it may regulate proliferation. In the present study, we have investigated whether the inflammatory cytokines IL (interleukin)-1β and TNF-α (tumour necrosis factor-α), that are commonly elevated in these pathological conditions, mediate the regulation of p75NTR in neurons and astrocytes. We have further analysed the signal transduction pathways by which these cytokines induce p75NTR expression in...
Family history as a risk factor for peripheral arterial disease.

The association of a family history of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) with the presence of PAD is largely unknown. We conducted a case-control study of 2,296 patients with PAD (69 ± 10 years, 64% men) and 4,390 controls (66 ± 11 years, 62% men) identified from noninvasive vascular and stress testing laboratories at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, from October 2006 through June 2012. PAD was defined as an ankle brachial index of ≤0.9 at rest and/or after exercise, a history of lower extremity revascularization, or having poorly compressible leg arteries. Controls were patients with normal ankle brachial index or without a history of PAD. Family history of PAD was defined as having at least 1 first-degree relative who had undergone revascularization or stent placement for PAD before the age of 65 years. Logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate whether a family history of PAD was associated with the presence of PAD, independent of conventional risk factors. A family history of PAD was present more often in patients with PAD than in controls, with a resulting odds ratio (OR) of 2.20 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.82 to 2.67). The association remained significant after adjustment for conventional risk factors (OR 1.97, 95% CI 1.60 to 2.42). The association was stronger in younger subjects (age
On the Amplitudes Reached by Baroclinically Unstable Disturbances

The maximum eddy energies reached by baroclinically unstable disturbances in some simplified numerical models (Gall, 1976; Simmons and Hoskins, 1978) are compared to a scale-dependent measure of the energy available to the disturbances. It is found that, except for the longest wavelengths, the ratio of the maximum eddy energies to this available energy (the eddy efficiency) tends to remain constant relative to the large variations in the maximum energies. The roles of the growth rate of the initial disturbance and the beta-effect are discussed with reference to results from a maximally simplified model. It is shown that dimensional arguments paralleling Charney (1971) lead to the maximum energy versus scale relationships found in the numerical results.
Healing and osseointegration of submerged microtextured oral implants

Abstract: The success of dental implants is primarily dependent upon the degree of osseointegration or bone-to-implant contact (BIC), possibly facilitated by a roughened implant surface. This study was performed to histologically evaluate the nature of osseointegration and bone healing of submerged microtextured implants in eight dogs. Three months following tooth extraction in the posterior mandibulae, three microtextured submerged implants were placed in each quadrant. Block biopsies were harvested at 4 and 16 weeks (four dogs each) following surgery, and histologic preparation was performed. Histomorphometric analysis demonstrated that % BIC value increased marginally from 40% at 4 weeks to 48% at 16 weeks, without a statistically significant difference. The first bone-to-implant contact (f-BIC) at 16 weeks was significantly lower than the 4-week f-BIC (0.81 mm vs. 0.56 mm). In conclusion, this study found minimal change in BIC over time (from 4 to 16 weeks) in unloaded microtextured implants, while the mean f-BIC value significantly increased during this same observation period.