cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anthropometry of industrial populations

Industrial anthropometric data were collected from workers in various manufacturing industries in the mid–western United States: 384 males and 124 females participated during the period from 1984 through 1991. Eleven length dimensions, weight, and age were assessed at the worksites. Descriptions and statistical analyses of the industrial anthropometric data are summarized and compared to other civilian and military anthropometric data. Significant differences between these populations exist in abdominal dimensions and weight. These differences were also observed to vary with age. These industrial anthropometric data can be used in the design of industrial workplaces and equipment as well as for use with biomechanical models.
A texaphyrin–oxaliplatin conjugate that overcomes both pharmacologic and molecular mechanisms of cisplatin resistance in cancer cells

A texaphyrin–oxaliplatin conjugate, oxaliTEX, was designed to test the concept that a platinum analog can overcome defects in drug accumulation and p53-dependent DNA damage response in a tumor model expressing multifactorial mechanisms of cisplatin resistance. Cytotoxic studies resulted in a resistance factor of only 1.2, which essentially indicated complete reversal of resistance in 2780CP cells expressing a factor of 22 with cisplatin. Unlike cisplatin, oxaliTEX accumulated and formed DNA adducts, stabilized and activated p53 at similar levels in both sensitive and resistant cells, and induced apoptosis in both models. The ability and importance of a designer drug, such as oxaliTEX, to overcome cisplatin resistance by targeting two dominant resistance mechanisms is discussed.
Feel the Web: Towards the Design of Haptic Screen Interfaces for Accessible Web Browsing

Web browsing with screen readers is tedious and frustrating, largely due to the inability of blind screen-reader users to get spatial information about the structure of web pages and utilize it for effective navigation. Haptic interfaces have the potential to provide blind users with a tactile --feel-- for the 2-D layout of web pages and help them focus screen reading on specific parts of the webpage. In this preliminary work, we explore the utility of a simple haptic web-browsing interface -- tactile overlays, and report on a preliminary user study with 10 blind participants who performed various web-browsing tasks with and without these overlays. We also analyzed the user-interaction behavior and explored the appropriate design choices and their tradeoffs in the space of haptic-interface design for accessible web browsing
The spatial heterogeneity of diatoms in eight southeastern Ohio streams: how far does a single riffle reach?

Periphyton is a commonly used biomonitoring tool for streams. Often only one or few riffles are sampled and assumed to be representative of a stream reach. Current literature focuses on periphyton heterogeneity at small scales, on individual rocks within a riffle, and larger scales, within watersheds or ecoregions. The intermediate scales, within single riffles or among riffles, have not been adequately addressed. The purpose of this research was to determine how many riffles must be sampled in order to represent a reach and whether the number of necessary riffles varied with stream health. Since periphyton is sensitive to habitat change, it was hypothesized that heterogeneity would be primarily partitioned among riffles. Eight to ten consecutive riffles were sampled at eight individual stream reaches. Sampled reaches were categorized based on previously collected bioassesment data: three non-attaining, three partially-attaining, and two fully-attaining water quality standards as defined by the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency. Data were analyzed using the Bray-Curtis Similarity Index, Hill’s N2 dominance diversity index, and the Acid Mine Drainage Diatom Index of Biotic Integrity. Diatoms appeared to be patchily distributed within a reach. This patchiness often led to varied relative abundance of common species and the introduction or loss of rare species among riffles. To account for this variation within a reach, at least two riffles should be sampled. However, a multimetric index may correctly classify a stream based on a one-riffle sample. Variation does not appear to correspond directly to stream health, but to species richness and diversity.
Adaptive testing - Cost reduction through test pattern sampling

In this paper, we will present two different applications of “test pattern sampling” for logic testing that have significantly improved test cost for Processors and SOCs/ASICs at IBM. The drivers and implementations for these two methods were completely different - one relying on real-time analysis/optimization applied at wafer test; the other based on off-line analysis with daily updates and real-time adjustments at Final Test.
Functional genomics and target validation approaches using antisense oligonucleotide technology.

Abstract The recent increase in the amount and rate of accumulation of genomic information has created new challenges for the pharmaceutical industry. These include how best to rapidly and efficiently identify key genes responsible for complex disease phenotypes and how to use this information to develop new and specific classes of drugs. Antisense technology offers a powerful approach to identify novel cellular networks and signaling ‘cassettes’ and provides a method to validate genes in vivo as attractive drug targets.
Real-time watermarking techniques for sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks have emerged as the major criteria that enable the next scientific, technological, engineering, and economic revolution. Since digital rights management is of the crucial importance for sensor networks, there is an urgent need for development of intellectual property protection (IPP) techniques. We have developed the first system of watermarking techniques to embed cryptologically encoded authorship signatures into data and information acquired by wireless embedded sensor networks. The key idea is to impose additional constraints during the data acquisition or sensor data processing. Constraints correspond to the encrypted signature and are selected in such a way that they provide favorable tradeoffs between the accuracy and the strength of proof of the authorship. The techniques for watermarking raw sensor data include one that modifies the location and orientation of a sensor, time management discipline (e.g. frequency and phase of intervals between consecutive data capturing), and its resolution. The second set of techniques embeds signature during data processing. There are at least three degrees of freedom that can be exploited: error minimization procedures, physical world model building, and solving of computationally intractable problems. We have developed several watermarking techniques that leverage on the error minimization degree of freedom and have demonstrated their effectiveness for watermarking location discovery information.
Regulation of rat cardiac myocyte growth by a neuronal factor secreted by PC12 cells.

Sympathetic innervation of cardiac myocytes in vitro induces growth independent of anatomic contact between the neurons and myocytes and is not mediated by α- or β-adrenergic receptor stimulation. To establish a model system that will allow purification and identification of the neuronal factor(s) responsible for mediating this regulation, we have initiated studies utilizing conditioned medium from the PC12 cell line. PC12 cells acquire a cholinergic sympathetic neuronal phenotype when exposed to nerve growth factor. Culture medium conditioned by neuronal PC12 cells, but not nonneuronal PC12 cells, induces growth in newborn rat cardiac myocytes as measured by surface area and [35S]methionine incorporation into protein and increases expression of atrionatriuretic peptide, a marker for myocyte hypertrophy. The magnitude of the growth response is dose-dependent and mimics the response to sympathetic innervation. The myocyte response to conditioned medium is not detectable after 24 h of exposure; maximal rate of protein synthesis is obtained within 48 h. Neuronally differentiated PC12 cell-conditioned medium stimulation of growth could not be mimicked byα- or β-adrenergic agonists or muscarinic agonists, nor inhibited by α- or β-adrenergic antagonists, nor by muscarinic antagonists. Neuropeptide Y and somatostatin, peptides known to be present in PC12 cells and sympathetic neurons, were also ineffective at reproducing the effect of neuronally differentiated PC12 cell-conditioned medium. These data indicate that neuronal cells release a soluble factor, different from neurotransmitter, which stimulates myocyte growth. They further identify the PC12 cell line as providing a convenient and abundant supply of this molecule, thus facilitating its further characterization.
Atrial Fibrillation in Acute Myocardial Infarction

Background and Aim : New-onset atrial fibrillationfrequently complicates acute myocardial infarction.The incidence ranges from 6 - 21% “1”.We aim todetermine the incidence of atrial fibrillation in thesetting of acute myocardial infarction. Methods: This was a single center prospective study,conducted in the coronary care unit of Saint-PetersburgPokrovskaya city hospital, Russia, during the period,June 2013 to June 2014. Sixty consecutive patientsof acute myocardial infarction with atrial fibrillationwere included in this study. Onset, duration, and modeof termination of atrial fibrillation, clinical factorsassociated with its presentation and its relation withpatient outcome were evaluated. Results : Among the 60 patients 33 (55%) had inferiorwall myocardial infarction and 27 (45%) patientshad anterior wall myocardial infarction. In patientswith inferior wall myocardial infarction the onsetof atrial fibrillation occurred within 24 hours in 30(91%) patients, after 24 hour in 3 (9%) patients. Theepisode lasted for less than 24 hours in 12 (36%), andmore than 24 hours in 21 (64%) patients. In anteriorwall myocardial infarction atrial fibrillation occurredwithin 24 hours in 2 (7%) patients, on the second dayin 25 (93%). The episode lasted less than 24 hoursin 3 (11%), 48 hours in (85%), 72 hours in 1 (4%)patients. There was a significant difference in theonset and duration of atrial fibrillation in relation tothe location of infarction (P < 0.0001). Anterior wallmyocardial infarction was associated with late onsetof atrial fibrillation, increased frequency of heartfailure and higher CCU mortality. Conclusion : The onset of atrial fibrillation in anteriorwall myocardial infarction occurred later and lastedlonger in comparison to inferior wall myocardialinfarction. Increased incidence of heart failure andhigher CCU mortality was associated with anteriorwall myocardial infarction. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njh.v12i1.12327 Nepalese Heart Journal Vol.12(1) 2015: 15-20
Satellite and surface observations of Nauru Island clouds: Differences between El Nino and La Nina periods

[1] Island cloud trails represent only a small fraction of ocean boundary layer clouds. However, they can be an important key to understanding how marine boundary layer clouds respond to perturbation. During the La Nina period of 1999–2001 the island cloud of Nauru demonstrated daytime persistence over 100 kilometers. Our results show that boundary layer clouds over the eastern margin of the warm pool are affected by regional subsidence and lack of CCN (Cloud Condensation Nuclei) during this active warm pool convection phase of the ENSO (El Nino Southern Oscillation). The increased persistence of boundary layer clouds during the day, as reflected by the island cloud trails, combined with the dissipation of boundary layer clouds at night contribute to cooling the ocean surface. During La Nina, boundary layer cloudiness around Nauru decreased by a factor of 1.9 and SSTs decreased by about 3°C.
A Hand to Support the Implantation Window

A signaling pathway connects ovarian hormones to preparation of the mammalian uterus for pregnancy.
Induced magnetosphere of the Moon: 1. Theory

An analytic solution for the magnetic field in the space defined by a spherical moon and its downstream cylindrical cavity formed by the solar wind is derived for interplanetary magnetic fields both parallel and perpendicular to the cavity axis. By superposition, the solution is obtained for arbitrary orientations of the interplanetary field. The theory is quasi-static and is formulated in terms of a scalar magnetic potential. Thus, the moon model consists of a core of arbitrary size and infinite electrical conductivity surrounded by a nonconducting shell; the cavity volume is also assumed to be nonconducting. The variation of the magnetic field on the lunar surface (both sunlit and dark hemispheres) and on the cavity boundary is presented for various values of core radius.
Determining Weight and Moisture Properties of Sound and Fusarium‐Damaged Single Wheat Kernels by Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy

ABSTRACT Single kernel moisture content (MC) is important in the measurement of other quality traits in single kernels because many traits are expressed on a dry weight basis. MC also affects viability, storage quality, and price. Also, if near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is used to measure grain traits, the influence of water must be accounted for because water is a strong absorber throughout the NIR region. The feasibility of measurement of MC, fresh weight, dry weight, and water mass of single wheat kernels with or without Fusarium damage was investigated using two wheat cultivars with three visually selected classes of kernels with Fusarium damage and a range of MC. Calibration models were developed either from all kernel classes or from only undamaged kernels of one cultivar that were then validated using all spectra of the other cultivar. A calibration model developed for MC when using all kernels from the wheat cultivar Jagalene had a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.77 and standard error of ...
Management of thyroid cancer of follicular cell origin: Gundersen/Lutheran Medical Center, 1969-1995.

Abstract Background: Most reports regarding the treatment of thyroid cancer originate from university referral centers. In this article, we report our experience in managing thyroid cancer of follicular cell origin at a nonuniversity institution over a 26-year period. Study Design: We reviewed the medical records of all patients treated for thyroid cancer at the Gundersen/Lutheran Medical Center from 1969 to 1995. Histologic types, demographic and clinical characteristics, laboratory results, treatment, complications, and followup observations were tabulated. Risk was assigned according to the age, presence of distant metastasis, extent of the primary tumor, and site of the primary tumor (AMES) staging system. Results: The histologic classification was as follows: papillary, 139; follicular, 24; Hurthle cell, 14; and anaplastic, 11. Low-risk lesions were identified in 96%, 79%, and 71% of the patients with papillary, follicular, and Hurthle cell (collectively designated differentiated) carcinoma, respectively. We treated 60% of our patients with differentiated thyroid cancer with near-total or total thyroidectomy. Clinically involved cervical lymph nodes were removed singly or by modified neck dissection. We frequently ablated thyroid remnants after operation with 29.9 mCi (1,110 MBq) of 131 I, after which we treated the patient with suppressive doses of levothyroxine. Patients were evaluated yearly with thyroglobulin measurements and, in some high-risk patients, with total-body 131 I scans. Cancer recurred in 13%, 8%, and 7% of our patients with papillary, follicular, and Hurthle cell carcinoma, respectively. Only three patients died of differentiated thyroid cancer; eight are alive with malignancy. In anaplastic thyroid cancer, cervical lymph node metastases, local invasion, and distant metastases were present in 18%, 64%, and 45% of patients at the time of initial evaluation. Total or near-total thyroidectomy was possible in only four of nine patients treated surgically. External radiation (11 patients) and chemotherapy (two patients) were used. Additional metastases developed in 45% of the patients, and nine patients died within a year. Permanent hypoparathyroidism or hoarseness complicated 2.7% of the thyroid operations. Conclusions: Although our followup was relatively short, the results of treating thyroid cancer by general surgeons at a nonuniversity hospital compare favorably with results obtained from university referral centers.
Vector Quantization Training By A Self-Organizing Neural Network

This paper presents work in progress on the application of a self-organizing neural network to vector quantization (VQ) training. A modified version of Kohonen's self-organizing feature map algorithm was applied to simulated data and to digitized Synthetic Aperture Radar image data. Preliminary results indicate that the network-based algorithm is potentially more robust than the traditional LBG training algorithm, especially when confronted with multimodal input data distributions.
Jet Fuel System Icing Inhibitors: Synthesis and Characterization

There have been no new literature papers dealing with jet fuel deicing additive replacements for the past 20 years. The current fuel system icing inhibitor additives, used by both the military and commercial aviation, are ethylene glycol monomethyl ether and diethylene glycol monomethyl ether. These deicing compounds are toxic at the concentrations that are required for effective deicing. This observation points to an immediate need for nontoxic, inexpensive, and biodegradable deicing compounds. The synthesis of polar sugar derivatives represents a viable alternative to glycol-based additives. The alternative deicing compounds reported in this paper are inexpensive and fuel stable and exhibit icing inhibitor characteristics similar to those of the presently used commercial materials.
Role of electron-phonon coupling on collision cascade development in Ni, Pd, and Pt

Electron-phonon coupling in energetic collision cascades is believed to greatly enhance the cooling rate of heat spikes in many metals. Previous studies have not been able to conclusively determine the magnitude of the coupling, however. By directly comparing ion-beam mixing experiments and molecular dynamics simulations of collision cascades in Ni, Pd, and Pt metals, in which the coupling is believed to be most important, we show that the influence of electron-phonon coupling on mixing can be no more than about 30%, roughly an order of magnitude less than the most widely used models predict.
Identification of methoxide species on Al(110) by high-resolution eels

Abstract We identify a methoxide species on single-crystal Al(110) for the first time using high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy. This species is formed upon exposing the Al surface to methanol above 150 K. It is stable up to a temperature of about 500 K where it decomposes evolving hydrocarbons, leaving the surface in the initial stages of oxidation.
Black Magic: Witchcraft, Race, and Resistance in Colonial New England

Whites accused Blacks1 of the crime of witchcraft in New England but no executions resulted from these accusations. As Blacks occupied the lowest rung within the society, their ability to survive the ordeals of the witchcraft trials itself indicates something of the perceived power they possessed. The survival of the accusation of witchcraft also demonstrates Blacks' insignificance in the eyes of the Europeans. This contradiction in categorizing Blacks as both powerless and powerful actually served to empower Blacks in the society of colonial New England. Social scientists have examined New England witchcraft through analyses of economic tension, folk culture, gender, and politics, but rarely in terms of race and ethnicity.2 Anthropologists have generally ignored Salem witchcraft. This lacuna in scholarship may be a result of the general lack of interest in historical research or the desire to explore more exotic arenas than Puritan New England. Thomas Buckley's research among the Yurok of northern California provides a clue for the dearth of research on race arid witchcraft in New England: preconceived models of society based on 20th-century Eurocentric experience. Buckley (1982) examines the issue of women's power in Yurok society and reinterprets earlier research on menstruation and danger as indicating a misinterpretation of women's status. In the literature, menstruating Yurok women are portrayed as unclean and dangerous. According to Buckley, they are so full of power that they are threatening, not
Pressure effects on the frequency of optically pumped far infrared lasers

We have used millimeter/submillimeter spectroscopic techniques to investigate the pressure dependence of the absorption and gain frequencies of several optically pumped far infrared lasers. Pump offset effects on the gain frequencies were also investigated. These measurements are free from obfuscating effects such as cavity pulling and competing lasing lines which are present in measurements of oscillating laser systems.
RESPONSE OF SWISS ALBINO MICE TO INTRAPERITONEAL INJECTION OF ENDRIN.

Metcalf (1955) reports the acute oral LD50, of endrin to the rat as 10–12 mg/kg. Similar values have been determined for mice, rabbits, guinea pigs, and dogs. However, the toxicity of intraperitoneally injected endrin to mice is not available. A recent report by the U. S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare (1964) concerning fish kills in the lower Mississippi River Basin have pointed to Metcalf (1955) reports the acute oral LD50, of endrin to the rat as 10–12 mg/kg. Similar values have been determined for mice, rabbits, guinea pigs, and dogs. However, the toxicity of intraperitoneally injected endrin to mice is not available. A recent report by the U. S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare (1964) concerning fish kills in the lower Mississippi River Basin have pointed to the need for this information. Therefore, such a study was initiated.
Occurrence of Children’s Echoic Responses According to Interlocutory Question Types

Dialogues with 22 echoic three year olds were analyzed according to question type in an effort to determine whether some probes are more likely than others to trigger echoic responses. Most of the ...
Attrition in Substance Abuse Prevention Research: A Meta-Analysis of 85 Longitudinally Followed Cohorts

A meta-analysis of substance abuse prevention studies revealed that the mean proportion of subjects retained dropped from 81.4% at 3-month to 67.5% at 3-year follow-ups. Time from pretest alone accounted for less than 5% of the variance. Other available predictors of retention were not significant. Researchers are encouraged to interpret their results in light of these normative data and to adopt second-effort strategies to reduce attrition.
Environments for Sedimentary Uranium in Triassic-Jurassic Basins, Eastern North America: ABSTRACT

The association of feldspar-rich alluvial-fan deposits with lake sediments formed in anoxic conditions is one of the most intriguing and least understood settings for sedimentary uranium accumulation. The Triassic-Jurassic basins formed during early rifting of North America's eastern margin all contain extensive accumulations of alluvial deposits which intertongue with basin-center black shales and, in places, coals. These basins lie adjacent to, or just beneath, the prograded seaward-thickening sedimentary coastal plain wedge which blankets the trailing continent margin. Many analogies in basinal development, sedimentary fill, climatic controls, and presence of evaporites can be drawn between these basins and the spreading centers of the Red Sea and Gulf of California-Sa ton Trough. In addition to extensive interfingering between oxidized and reduced sedimentary deposits, the Triassic-Jurassic basins contain the first major rock groups in the Phanerozoic of the Appalachian region having ubiquitous feldspar and feldspar-weathering products. These basins apparently received significant input from exposed Acadian and younger Paleozoic batholiths and granitic intrusions developed during the terminal evolution of the Appalachian geosyncline. Wide variations in source-rock types are directly reflected in both the sediment fills and uranium potentials within and among these Triassic-Jurassic basins. End_of_Article - Last_Page 827------------
Effects of cholinergic deafferentation and NGF on brain electrical coherence

Abstract Rats received unilateral lesions of the nucleus basalis and were infused intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) over 3 weeks with nerve growth factor (NGF) or vehicle. Electrocortical coherence was assessed at postoperative days 4, 7, 14, and 21 from all possible pairs of eight epidural electrodes in the delta (1–4 Hz), theta (4–8 Hz), alpha (8–12 Hz), beta-1 (12–20 Hz), and beta-2 (20–28 Hz) bands. On day 21 choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity was measured in cortical tissue underlying each electrode site. Lesions resulted in losses of interhemispheric, as well as bilateral intrahemispheric coherence in the theta band ( F 1,21 = 28.61, p F 1,21 = 4.30, p F 1,21 = 6.97, p F 1,21 = 21.31, p F 1,21 = 9.66, p
Dynamics of controlled release of chlorpyrifos from swelling and eroding biopolymeric microspheres of calcium alginate and starch

Abstract In the present study biopolymer microspheres of sodium alginate and starch were prepared by employing CaCl2 as a crosslinker. A series of such microspheres of different compositions were prepared by varying the amounts of sodium alginate, starch and CaCl2 in the feed mixture. The prepared microspheres were loaded with an insecticide, chlorpyrifos, and both the native (unloaded) and loaded microspheres were characterized by FTIR and SEM techniques to gain insights into the structural and morphological features of the beads. The swelling experiments were performed for different compositions of beads at varying pH and temperature of the release medium. The swelling and erosion controlled release of insecticide was investigated for 8 days taking bidistilled water as a release medium. The release experiments were carried out under the static and varying experimental conditions and the data obtained were fitted to Ficks equation to evaluate diffusion co-efficient of insecticide. The results were further analyzed by Ficks power law equation, and the possible mechanisms of the insecticide release were suggested. In order to demonstrate the possible applicability of the present release system to natural agricultural fields the soil-pot experiments were designed and release profiles were studied.
Mineralocorticoid modulation of central control of blood pressure.

Abstract An association between mineralocorticoids and hypertension has been recognized for over 50 years,1 although the mechanisms involved are not entirely clear. In addition to the hypertension seen in cases of frank mineralocorticoid excess, such as in an aldosterone-producing adenoma, many essential hypertensive patients respond to treatments mitigating mineralocorticoid action, even though circulating levels of these steroids are within normal ranges. It has been a decade since David Bohr2 hypothesized that a center within the brain, probably in the AV3V area, was responsible for the orchestration of the multiple homeostatic mechanisms controlling blood pressure. It was proposed that the “set point” for such a center was dependent upon intracellular Ca++ and/or another ion content or transport across cell membranes, and was altered by mineralocorticoids and in some forms of genetic hypertension. The focus of this paper is the role of the central nervous system in mineralocorticoid hypertension. The importance of these data resides in the possibility that the central mechanisms involved in mineralocorticoid hypertension may also be operant in the pathogenesis of other forms of hypertension, as well as in the normal control of blood pressure.
LIQUID DYNAMICS THEORY OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE SPECIFIC HEAT

The potential-energy surface underlying the liquid dynamics Hamiltonian is supposed to consist of a large number of intersecting, macroscopically similar, nearly harmonic random valleys. The statistical mechanics replaces each valley with an infinitely extended harmonic potential surface and then corrects for (a) the anharmonic distortion of the potential surface and (b) the boundary condition that limits the extent of the potential surface along lines where neighboring valleys intersect. The ion-motional specific heat then consists of the main quasiharmonic contribution ${C}_{H}=3\mathrm{Nk}$ plus the anharmonic correction ${C}_{A}$ and the boundary correction ${C}_{B}.$ Here we analyze available specific-heat data for monatomic liquids, at temperatures $T$ up to three times the melting temperature ${T}_{m},$ and suggest the following interpretation of the data: (a) ${C}_{A}$ is about the same for both the crystal and liquid at the melting point and ${C}_{A}$ tends toward zero as $T$ increases above ${T}_{m}$ and (b) ${C}_{B}$ is a roughly universal function of ${T/T}_{m},$ running from around zero at ${T=T}_{m}$ to around $\ensuremath{-}0.6Nk$ at ${T=3T}_{m}.$ The quintessential liquid property, the primary difference between a liquid and a crystal, is that the liquid ions move through a vast number of random potential valleys and this property is directly responsible for the boundary specific heat ${C}_{B}.$ A physically based model for ${C}_{B}$ agrees with experiment for mercury to high temperatures.
Effect of aluminum uptake on growth and enzyme activity in Pisum sativum var. ‘Alaska’ and ‘Little Marvel’

Abstract It is usually assumed that plant tissue responses to nutritional elements are due to specific genetic differences that may exist either between inbred or closely related species. Little Marvel (dwarf) and Alaska (normal) varieties of 14‐day old pea seedlings were treated with four different concentrations of Al‐containing nutrient solution (0.0mM, 0.2mM, 0.6mM and distilled H2O), prior to being exposed for 14 days to either DARK, LIGHT, or UV. Selected tissues (root tip, main root, main stem and proximal stem) were bioassayed for peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase enzyme activities, fresh wt vs. dry wt, water uptake and stem growth. The present study suggests that Little Marvel and Alaska pea tissue responds to high toxicity levels of Al by demonstrating an enhancement of enzymic activity. Tissue weight, growth and water uptake also show differential tissue specificity in both Little Marvel and Alaska tissue, in terms of Al toxicity response, given a particular external exposure.
Effects of music therapy on positive and negative affect and pain with hospitalized patients recovering from a blood and marrow transplant: A randomized effectiveness study

Abstract Due to the extensive procedures surrounding treatment, cancer patients often experience a variety of physical and psychological symptoms and side effects that negatively impact their quality of life and ability to cope with and manage an illness. Providing a choice of music during a receptive music therapy session may not only distract the patient from negative affective states, but also may provide a sense of autonomy and control over a patient's immediate environment. The purpose of the study was to determine whether receptive music therapy can improve two general dimensions of emotional experience and pain in a single session for hospitalized patients recovering from a blood and marrow transplantation (BMT) procedure. The guiding research question was: Will participants experience improved positive and negative affect and pain immediately following a patient-preferred live music therapy session? Participants ( N = 32) were randomly assigned to experimental or wait-list control conditions and completed the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule ( Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988 ) Short Form version and a Likert-type Pain Scale as a pre- and posttest within a single-session design. In an attempt to provide support, autonomy, and distraction, patient-preferred live music was used in receptive music therapy sessions as previous music therapy researchers indicated patient-selected live music is preferred and can be effective. There were no between-group differences at pretest. Concerning posttest analyses, there were significant between-group differences in positive and negative affect and pain, with experimental participants having more favorable scores than control participants. From the results of this randomized effectiveness study, it seems that a single receptive music therapy session can be an effective intervention concerning positive and negative affect and pain for hospitalized BMT patients. As higher levels of patient engagement may result in stronger treatment effects, future research encouraging hospitalized BMT patients to engage in different types of active music therapy interventions is warranted. Limitations of the study, implications for clinical practice, and suggestions for future research are provided.
Second-Person Scepticism

In the last decade, some feminist epistemologists have suggested that the global scepticism which results from the Cartesian dream argument is the product of a self-consciously masculine modern era, whose philosophy gave pride of place to the individual cognizer, disconnected from the object of knowledge, from other knowers, indeed from his own body. Lorraine Code claims that under a conception of a cognizer as an essentially social being, Cartesian scepticism would not arise. I argue that this is false: an argument parallel in structure, and as well supported as the first-person Cartesian dream argument, could arise in an epistemology which recognizes the social nature of human life and knowledge. Against Code, it is not the first-personhood of Cartesianism which generates scepticism. A second-person scepticism could emerge in a socially conscious epistemology.
Approaches to validating child care quality rating and improvement systems (QRIS): Results from two states with similar QRIS type designs

Abstract In recent years, child care quality rating and improvement systems (QRISs) have become an increasingly popular policy tool to improve quality in early childhood education and care (ECEC) settings and have been adopted in many localities and states. The QRIS proposition is that with higher-quality child care settings, it is more likely that children who attend those high-quality programs will benefit in terms of outcomes like school readiness. However, in order to demonstrate this linkage, QRIS standards and ratings must function as intended, i.e. be valid. This paper presents a framework for validating child care quality improvement standards and processes, along with examples from recent QRIS validation studies in two states. The state examples provide useful data about the strengths and limitations of these validation approaches. We discuss the implications of applying these approaches and provide recommendations to researchers, policy-makers, and program leaders who implement QRIS validation studies.
A strawman proposal for future diverse internets

This paper puts forth a straw man proposal for future diverse internets. Guided by a principle that we call Align-and-Decouple (AD), our AD protocol architecture design calls for lightweight transport protocols that allow for decoupled operation of networks that are either owned by different organizations, or are networks of different types/protocols. TCP's fragmentation and congestion control mechanisms modify the original data stream so significantly that all new networks are essentially designed to just carry “TCP transformed” traffic. In contrast, with the AD principle, an AD-API is defined to consist of atomic transfer and pipe communication services, which can be supported by different providers with their own specific networking technologies, and yet allow for internetworking.
Integrating Service Learning Into the Study Abroad Program: U.S. Sociology Students in Mexico:

The program that is the topic of this case study was an integration of two forms of experiential education: service learning and study abroad. Participants in the program studied sociology and performed social service in Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico. Curriculum and planning issues of both study abroad and service learning are combined in the design and implementation of service in an international setting. This case study discusses how such concerns were addressed in this program and makes suggestions based on this experience.
Nitric Oxide Localized to Spinal Cords of Mice with Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis: An Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Study

Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a demyelinating autoimmune disorder that can be induced in susceptible mice by T lymphocytes sensitized to central nervous system (CNS) myelin components and is a prime animal model for the human CNS demyelinating disorder, multiple sclerosis (MS). Although CNS inflammation in which T lymphocytes and activated macrophages are the predominant cell types is observed in mice with EAE and in humans with MS, the exact mechanisms underlying the CNS damage and demyelination are not understood. Nitric oxide (NO), a gaseous free radical, has recently been shown to be a cytolytic product of activated macrophages. Using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, the nitric oxide free radical complexed with iron-sulfur proteins has been identified in affected spinal cords of mice with EAE, concurrent with the diminution of iron-sulfur proteins. These results indicate NO may play a role in the disease process of EAE, and perhaps MS.
A Wider View

In the previous chapter, we took a rather long stroll through our own neighborhood in the world of galaxies, and looked in some detail at the properties there. Although new research has changed our view of the Local Group in the last few years, there is still much more of the familiar than in the many foreign parts we journeyed through in the preceding chapters. Before ending our journey altogether, we will now climb up to the top of a nearby mountain. Our imagination will let us accept the contradictory propositions that the metaphorical mountain is high enough to give us a very wide view of the galaxy world, and that we can attain that height quickly. From there we want to look in particular at some corners of the world of galaxies and their interactions that we have not been able to visit in the preceding chapters. We will glance quickly from one to another of these views. As in the real world of astronomical observation, long light travel times allow us to see the past of the galaxy world as well.
Estimation of stable spectral measures

We present two new estimators of a stable spectral measure. One is based on the empirical characteristic function, and the other is based on one-dimensional projections of the data. We compare these estimators with the Rachev-Xin-Cheng estimator in an empirical study. Their applications in modeling financial portfolios are also discussed.
Principal components for allometric analysis

Logarithmic bivariate regression slopes and logarithmic principal component coefficient ratios are two methods for estimating allometry coefficients corresponding to a in the classic power formula Y = BXa. Both techniques depend on high correlation between variables. Interpretation is logically limited to the variables included in analysis. Principal components analysis depends also on relatively uniform intercorrelations; given this, it serves satisfactorily as a method for summarizing many bivariate combinations. Unmodified major principal component coefficients cannot represent scaling to body weight; rather, they represent scaling to a composite size vector which usually is highly correlated with body size or weight but has an unspecified allometry. Thus, the concepts of proportionality and of isometry must be kept distinct.
Dietary tyramine restriction for hospitalized patients on linezolid: an update.

Linezolid is a weak, reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor. The current practice at most hospitals is to place patients receiving linezolid on a tyramine-restricted diet. This process typically involves both the hospital’s pharmacy department and the food and nutrition department. A literature search assessing the interaction between linezolid and tyramine was conducted, and the amount of tyramine in a typical unrestricted diet for a hospitalized patient was reviewed. Although patients receiving linezolid should avoid consuming large amounts of foods containing high concentrations of tyramine, such foods in large amounts are not components of meals for inpatients. Therefore, dietary tyramine restriction in hospitalized patients is not generally required.
Characteristics of dynamic brittle fracture captured with peridynamics

Abstract Using a bond-based peridynamic model, we are able to reproduce various characteristics of dynamic brittle fracture observed in experiments; crack branching, crack-path instability, asymmetries of crack paths, successive branching, secondary cracking at right angles from existing crack surfaces, etc. We analyze the source of asymmetry in the crack path in numerical simulations with an isotropic material and symmetric coordinates about the pre-crack line. Asymmetries in the order of terms in computing the nodal forces lead to different round-off errors for symmetric nodes about the pre-crack line. This induces the observed slight asymmetries in the branched crack paths. A dramatically enhanced crack-path instability and asymmetry of the branching pattern are obtained when we use fracture energy values that change with the local damage. The peridynamic model used here captures well the experimentally observed successive branching events and secondary cracking. Secondary cracks form as a direct consequence of wave propagation and reflection from the boundaries.
Postpartum Depression: A Metasynthesis

Postpartum depression has been described as a dangerous thief that robs mothers of the love and happiness they expected to feel toward their newborn babies. Even though the number of qualitative studies on postpartum depression is increasing, knowledge development will be impeded unless the rich understandings gleaned from these studies are synthesized. Using Noblit and Hare's 1988 approach, the author conducted a metasynthesis of 18 qualitative studies on postpartum depression. Four overarching themes emerged that reflected four perspectives involved in postpartum depression: (a) incongruity between expectations and the reality of motherhood, (b) spiraling downward, (c) pervasive loss, and (d) making gains. Implications for clinical practice and theory development are addressed.
Scleroderma: Nomenclature, etiology, pathogenesis, prognosis, and treatments: Facts and controversies

Scleroderma refers to a heterogeneous group of autoimmune fibrosing disorders. The nomenclature of scleroderma has changed dramatically in recent years, with morphea (localized scleroderma), limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis, diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis, and systemic sclerosis sine scleroderma encompassing the currently accepted disease subtypes. Major advances have been made in the molecular studies of morphea and systemic sclerosis; however, their etiologies and pathogenesis remain incompletely understood. Although morphea and systemic sclerosis demonstrate activation of similar inflammatory and fibrotic pathways, important differences in signaling pathways and gene signatures indicate they are likely biologically distinct processes. Morphea can cause significant morbidity but does not affect mortality, whereas systemic sclerosis has the highest disease-specific mortality of all autoimmune connective tissue diseases. Treatment recommendations for morphea and systemic sclerosis are based on limited data and largely expert opinions. Current collaborative efforts in morphea and systemic sclerosis research will hopefully lead to better understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of these rare and varied diseases and improved treatment options. Published by Elsevier Inc.
Counterbalancing forces: what is thrombospondin-1 doing in atherosclerotic lesions?

See related article, pages 1181–1189 Since the discovery of thrombospondin (TSP)-1 thirty years ago,1 this matricellular (regulating cell–matrix interaction) protein has been a focal point for attention of cardiovascular biologists. Initial studies of TSP-1 emphasized its role as a major constituent of platelet α-granules and its involvement in platelet aggregation and thrombosis. However, it soon became clear that other cell types, eg, endothelial (ECs),2 leukocytes, fibroblasts, and vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs),3–5 also produce and secrete TSP-1. This broad distribution triggered extensive studies of the influence of TSP-1 on cellular functions and documented numerous effects on blood and vascular cell responses. The breadth of its effects on cells results from the multidomain structure of TSP-1. The domains fold and often function independently, leading to cell type–specific effects that depend on the expression and combination of multiple receptors for TSP-1 on the cell surface and/or its multiple binding partners in the extracellular matrix. A major function of TSP-1 has emerged from among the myriad of its activities: TSP-1 is among the most potent antiangiogenic proteins and is a regulator of angiogenesis in tumors,6 thereby influencing tumor progression and aggressiveness. This effect of TSP-1 is ascribed to its induction of EC apoptosis mediated through interaction with CD36,7,8 inhibition of EC migration,9 and the CD36-independent cycle arrest.10 The effects of TSP-1 on ECs could also be proatherogenic because of EC dysfunction and its consequences on blood cell recruitment at both initial and advanced stages of plaque development. Proatherogenic effect of TSP-1 also could arise from its effects on SMCs. TSP-1 interacts with integrin α …
New aspects of stochastic phenomena related to nuclear physics

Recent experimental results on systems where the underlying dynamics is dominated by a stochastic Hamiltonian are examined using the Random Matrix Theory (RMT). This theory is shown to be a powerful to01 in describing statistical features of quantum systems with few degrees of freedom, whose classical limit is chaotic, as well as for new facets of many-body systems at energies far above the ground state.
Behavioral evidence for the stimulation of CNS serotonin receptors by high doses of LSD.

Systemic administration of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) to rats induces a behavioral syndromeconsisting of tremor, rigidity, Straub tail, hindlimb , abduction, lateral head weavlng and reciprocal forepaw treading--which is a reflection of increased activation of central serotonin receptors. Utilizing this behavioral measure, a marked supersensitivity to LSD was observed in rats whose serotonin nerve terminals had been selectively destroyed, and a dramatic tolerance to LSD was observed following its repeated administration to normal rats. These data provide direct evidence that LSD can
Mixed binary convection in a rotating disk chemical vapor deposition reactor

This study examines the effects of gas mixing on flow behavior in a rotating disk reactor. We restrict the study to an isothermal binary gas system flowing over a high speed rotating disk in a cylindrical reactor. Complex flow fields are produced as a result of the interaction that occur between the solutal buoyant force, the forced flow, and the flow induced by the rotation of the disk. Deviation from the ideal rotating disk flow is quantified with a radial shear stress parameter.