cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The influence of lipid on the conformation of human plasma high density apolipoproteins.

Abstract The interaction of human plasma high density apolipoproteins (apoHDL) with lipids was examined by circular dichroism (CD) of the peptide and aromatic chromophores. By CD criteria native HDL contained about 70% α helical, 5 to 15% β, and 15 to 20% disordered structure. Delipidation decreased the helical content by about 20% with a corresponding increase in disordered structure. The two major apoproteins of HDL (apoA-I and apoA-II), isolated by chromatography in urea, refolded to different extents after removal of urea; apoA-I had more ordered structure than apoA-II (approximately 55% and 35% α helix, respectively). Reconstitution of apoA-I, apoA-II, and apoHDL with both phosphatidylcholine and cholesteryl ester restored, respectively, 119%, 87%, and 100% of the helical structure of the parent HDL. Phosphatidylcholine alone restored 50 to 70% of the increase produced by both phosphatidylcholine and cholesteryl oleate. With each substrate, the increase in helical content on lipid-protein recombination was accompanied by a corresponding decrease in disordered structure. Spectra of HDL in the near-ultraviolet range showed peaks at 258, 264, 283.5, and 290.5 nm. Delipidation reduced and markedly altered the ellipticity bands of the near-ultraviolet CD spectrum. The bands at 283.5 and 290.5 nm, tentatively assigned to one or more of the tryptophan chromophores in apoA-I, were reversed in sign and shifted to 286 and 292 nm, respectively. The near-ultraviolet CD spectrum of the parent HDL was partially restored by recombination of apoHDL with phosphatidylcholine alone and almost completely restored by recombination with both phosphatidylcholine and cholesteryl oleate. Recombination with phosphatidylcholine alone was sufficient to restore the 286 and 292 nm peaks to their original sign and position. These studies indicate that about 20 to 30% of the amino acid residues in the two major HDL apoproteins are involved in a helix-disordered transition on lipid removal or restoration. The near-ultraviolet CD spectrum is especially sensitive to these lipid-induced structural changes. Both phospholipid and cholesteryl esters are required for complete reorganization of the secondary and tertiary structure of HDL.
Consumer Satisfaction for Internet Service Providers: An Analysis of Underlying Processes

A key managerial challenge, of interest to academics and practitioners alike, is the assessment and management of customer satisfaction. In this paper, we examine the underlying processes involving consumer satisfaction and switching patterns among ISPs using different satisfaction models, including the expectations-disconfirmation model, the attribution model, and an affective model. Our results indicate that the satisfaction levels of ISP consumers are generally relatively low, despite the fact that consumer expectations of ISPs are also low, reflecting “mediocrity” in the marketplace. In addition, consumers attribute their dissatisfaction to ISP indifference and believe that managing dissatisfaction is within the control of the ISP. Moreover, “affective” factors play an important role in satisfaction processes and switching behavior. Customer service including technical support and responsiveness of service staff is an important “determinant” factor in ISP selection. We suggest that as the ISP market matures, service providers that pay attention to affective factors and to building “relationships” with their customers will have a competitive advantage in the marketplace of the future.
Design and verification of real-time systems

Advances in sensing, effecting, and computational technologies will change the way we design, construct, and monitor systems that interact with the physical world. Building structures will sense and respond to external loads, autonomous robots will occupy construction sites, and intelligent vehicles will monitor network flows to circumvent delays. As engineers, we must be prepared to work with the information technologies that underpin these coming systems. This paper addresses several of the prominent technical concerns in designing real-time systems that control some aspect of their environment. The view taken is that, by considering software systems to be an engineering artifact, we can begin to develop the kinds of quantitative approaches found in other areas of engineering design.
Use of diet history in the screening of iron deficiency.

Objective. To determine the relationship between diet history and microcytic anemia, a proxy for iron deficiency, and the utility of a brief dietary history in screening for microcytic anemia. Design. Cross-sectional study based on review of clinical records. Setting. Urban academic primary care clinic. Subjects. A total of 305 healthy, African-American inner-city children, presenting for well child care at 15 to 60 months of age. Children with recent minor illness or medicinal iron intake, hemoglobinopathies, chronic illnesses, failure to thrive, or elevated lead levels were excluded. Method. A brief dietary history was taken in the course of primary care visits. Dietary deficiency was defined as: (1) less than five servings each of meat, grains, vegetables, and fruit per week; (2) more than 16 oz of milk per day; or (3) daily intake of fatty snacks, sweets, or more than 16 oz of soft drink. Hematologic indices were obtained. Results. The prevalence of microcytic anemia (hemoglobin, Conclusion. Microcytic anemia was associated with a deficient diet among low-income African-American children. A brief dietary history correctly identified children at low risk for microcytic anemia 97% of the time.
Using the molecular classification of glioblastoma to inform personalized treatment

Glioblastoma is the most common and most aggressive diffuse glioma, associated with short survival and uniformly fatal outcome, irrespective of treatment. It is characterized by morphological, genetic and gene-expression heterogeneity. The current standard of treatment is maximal surgical resection, followed by radiation, with concurrent and adjuvant chemotherapy. Due to the heterogeneity, most tumours develop resistance to treatment and shortly recur. Following recurrence, glioblastoma is quickly fatal in the majority of cases. Recent genetic molecular advances have contributed to a better understanding of glioblastoma pathophysiology and disease stratification. In this paper we review basic glioblastoma pathophysiology, with emphasis on clinically relevant genetic molecular alterations and potential targets for further drug development.
A doubly salient permanent magnet motor capable of field weakening

Permanent magnet (PM) machines have been used widely for industrial applications. However, the operating speed range in most of these applications is very limited due to the difficulty of achieving field weakening in most PM structures. This difficulty is one of the major stumbling blocks to widespread application of PM machines. A new doubly salient PM motor topology is proposed in this paper which offers the possibility of low cost, high performance and robust realization of field adjustment. It is shown that by controlling the field winding, 100% field weakening and 2 p.u. torque capability can be achieved without sacrificing other performance characteristics of the machine. Hence, machines of good efficiency throughout a field weakened speed range exceeding five to one can be readily devised. This feature makes this new motor a potential candidate in future motor drive systems. >
One-atom-thick reflectors for surface plasmon polariton surface waves on graphene

Abstract Inspired by its analog from classic optics, we introduce one-atom-thick reflectors for infrared (IR) surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) surface waves based on graphene. Using numerical simulations, we first present the simple case of one-atom-thick straight-line mirror and then show how a one-atom-thick parabolic reflector (mirror) can be envisioned for focusing guided SPP waves on the graphene.
Information systems curricula

This paper compares the results of a survey of managers of information systems activities in Fortune 500 organizations and a survey of information systems faculty of accredited business schools with respect to their opinions on the desired composition of undergraduate programs in information systems offered by schools of business. Information is presented on the respondent's opinions about the relative importance of: 1) educational output objectives that graduates of such programs might be expected to possess, and 2) courses and topics within courses designed to achieve these objectives. Similarities and differences between business and academic responses are analyzed.
Radiation resistance of antennas in lossy media

Using the concept of modified power density, expressions are derived for the radiation resistance and efficiency of antennas in a dissipative medium.
Hydrodynamic properties of macromolecular complexes. IV. Intrinsic viscosity theory, with applications to once‐broken rods and multisubunit proteins

We have extended our previous theories of the translational and rotational frictional properties of multisubunit complexes to calculate the intrinsic viscosity of such structures. Our theory is similar to those recently construced by McCammon and Deutch, and by Nakajima and Wada, in that it uses a modified hydrodynamic interaction tensor and solves the system of simultaneous interaction equations by digital computation rather than by successive approximations. However, there are some differences in the formulation and averaging of these equations. Extensive numerical comparison is made between this theory and others that are available—associated with the names of Hearst and Tagami, Abdel-Khalik and Bird, and Tsuda—using as a basis exact results for prolate ellipsoids of revolution. For large axial ratios, only our theory asymptotically approaches the correct limit; but for small axial ratios, only the Tsuda “shell-model” theory is adequate, because the other theories neglect the preponderant influence of the sphere located at the center of rotation. Intrinsic viscosities, translational frictional coefficients, and Scheraga-Mandelkern β parameters, are tabulated for a large number of polygonal and polyhedral subunit structures, with up to eight elements, using both our theory and Tsuda's. Particular application is made to hemerythrin and aspartate transcarbamylase. Finally, the viscosities and friction coefficients o once-broken rods are calculated and compared with an approximate theory by Wilenski.
Isolation of Bartonella quintana from a Woman and a Cat following Putative Bite Transmission

We report here the detection of Bartonella quintana, after putative bite transmission, in pre-enrichment blood cultures from a woman and from two feral barn cats. Prospective molecular epidemiological studies are necessary to characterize the risk of human Bartonella quintana infection following cat bites.
FIRST RESULTS FROM CLEO-c

We present the first results from a recent pilot run of the CLEO-c experiment. This new program investigates the physics of charm mesons and charmonium resonances. We begin with results on two-body decays of the ψ(2S); first observations of some highly-suppressed "PV" modes are presented. Next, data taken at the ψ(3770) are used for a variety of studies of D meson decays in a very clean environment. We report the $D\bar{D}$ cross-section at the ψ(3770), extract fD from the first significant sample of D+→μ+νμ decays, and investigate both inclusive and exclusive semileptonic D decays.
A lower bound on the probability of conflict under nonuniform access in database systems

Past performance analyses of resource sharing systems have often assumed uniform resource access distributions. This assumption is made for reasons of computational tractability. In some of these analyses it has been conjectured that such an assumption is optimistic, in the sense that it minimizes the probability of resource conflict. In this paper we give conditions on access distributions for which the above conjecture is true and show that these conditions are satisfied for two natural probabilistic models. Our technique can be applied to other resource contention problems.
Respiratory motion artifacts on PET emission images obtained using CT attenuation correction on PET-CT

PET-CT scanners allow generation of transmission maps from CT. The use of CT attenuation correction (CTAC) instead of germanium-68 attenuation correction (Ge AC) might be expected to cause artifacts on reconstructed emission images if differences in respiratory status exist between the two methods of attenuation correction. The aim of this study was to evaluate for possible respiratory motion artifacts (RMA) in PET images attenuation corrected with CT from PET-CT in clinical patients. PET-CT scans were performed using a Discovery LS PET-CT system in 50 consecutive patients (23 males, 27 females; mean age 58.2 years) with known or suspected malignancy. Both CTAC and Ge AC transmission data obtained during free tidal breathing were used to correct PET emission images. Cold artifacts at the interface of the lungs and diaphragm, believed to be due to respiratory motion (RMA), that were seen on CTAC images but not on the Ge AC images were evaluated qualitatively on a four-point scale (0, no artifact; 1, mild artifact; 2, moderate artifact; 3, severe artifact). RMA was also measured for height. Curvilinear cold artifacts paralleling the dome of the diaphragm at the lung/diaphragm interface were noted on 84% of PET-CT image acquisitions and were not seen on the 68Ge-corrected images; however, these artifacts were infrequently severe. In conclusion, RMA of varying magnitude were noted in most of our patients as a curvilinear cold area at the lung/diaphragm interface, but were not diagnostically problematic in these patients.
The physician, the family, and the child with nephrosis.

Summary In summary, then, an awareness of thepsychological reactions and needs of the parents of sick children and the developmental and emotional needs of the young child with nephrosis enables the physician to make a significant continuing contribution to the welfare and comfort of patient and family. The parents need to feel that they can trust the physician to make the best medical decisions for them and their child, and that his decisions are based on expert general medical knowledge tempered with specific, up-to-date information about child development and interest in their individual situation. They also need to feel that the physician trusts them as parents to help him to provide the best of care to their child. They need his guidance in providing optimal conditions for development and adjustment of their sick child in the hospital or convalescing child at home, from a medical, as well as psychological, point of view. They need the physician's support and reassurance in dealing with their own anxieties and mixed feelings, so that they can be as supportive and reassuring as possible in their relationship to the sick child whose attitudes about his illness, his treatment, and himself as a person will largely reflect the attitudes of his parents.
Time-dependence of, and effects of inhibition and cellular aging on, chloride efflux across erythrocyte membranes in Huntington's disease

Abstract Previous studies have demonstrated an increased rate of chloride transport across erythrocyte membranes in Huntington's disease, a process regulated at the external side of the major transmembrane protein Band 3. A marked effect of time was noted in 3 Huntington's disease samples that were studied more than 4 h after obtaining the blood. In order to study anion transport more closely in Huntington's disease and the apparent time-dependence of chloride efflux in this disorder, we have performed several sets of experiments. Chloride transport in Huntington's disease erythrocytes was found to be extremely sensitive to time with the efflux rate constant decreasing by approximately 30% over a 24 h period. Chloride transport in control cells was unaffected by time. Inhibition studies with the specific anion transport blocker 4,4′-diisothiocyanto-2,2′-disulfonic acid stilbene (DIDS) demonstrated that the same degree of inhibition of chloride transport could be achieved at a much lower concentration of DIDS in Huntington's disease than in controls. Comparison of chloride efflux in fractions enriched in young and old erythrocytes, respectively, obtained by density centrifugation of fresh blood, demonstrated that only in the young fraction of cells was chloride efflux diminished with time in Huntington's disease. Chloride transport in in vivo aged Huntington's cells or both young and old control cells was essentially not dependent on time. These results are discussed in terms of proposed molecular mechanisms for neuronal loss in this disorder. The alterations in chloride efflux in extraneural erythrocytes are consistent with a proposed cell-surface membrane defect involving a protein in Huntington's disease.
Maximizing Buckling Strength of Perforated Composite Laminates by Optimizing Fiber Orientation Using Genetic Algorithm

This paper demonstrates ability to significantly increase buckling loads of perforated composite laminated plates by synergizing FEM and a genetic optimization algorithm (GA). Plate geometry is discretized into specially-developed 3D degenerated eight-node shell isoparametric layered composite elements. General shell theory, involving incremental nonlinear finite element equilibrium equation, is employed. Fiber orientation within individual plies of each element is controlled independently by the genetic algorithm. Eigen buckling analysis is performed using the subspace iteration method. Available results demonstrate the approach is superior to more conventional methodologies such as modifying ply thickness or the stacking sequence of individual rectilinear plies having common fiber orientation through the plate.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Spectral efficient DWDM optical label/payload generation and transport for next-generation Internet

A novel optical carrier suppression and separation (OCSS) technique is used to generate spectral efficient DWDM optical labels and payload. The advantages and disadvantages of using different techniques to generate optical labels are compared. The transmission performance of the optical label and payload is experimentally and numerically investigated. These numerical and experimental results show that the optical label and payload generation and transport using the OCSS technique can be applied to wide-area metro and core network.
Glucocorticoid regulation of mouse mammary tumor virus gene expression

Publisher Summary This chapter describes some recent experiments concerning the regulation of mouse mammary tumor virus (MTV) genes by glucocorticoids. The chapter shows the following: (1) dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid, induces the intracellular accumulation of MTV RNA in a primary, receptor-mediated response, (2) the hormone specifically increases the rate of synthesis of viral RNA, (3) the MTV genes remain hormone responsive upon infection of cultured rat cells, (4) in infected cells, some viral genes are integrated into the host genome, but that others exist free in the cell and, thus, are amenable to purification, and (5) that infection may alter host gene responsiveness to glucocorticoids in specific ways. MTV is an enveloped virus containing a single-stranded RNA genome comprised of two to three identical—or very similar'subunits of 3–3.5 × 10 6 dalton molecular weight (MW). The viral envelope is acquired by budding through the cell membrane. Virus production has been detected in intact animals, mammary tumor explants, and cultured mammary tumor cells.
Current status of ultrasound mammography

A pilot ultrasound mammographic study was initially carried out with a modified ophthalmic ultrasonoscope. This study established the characteristics of breast tissue, which provided the basic data for the design of the ultrasound mammography unit to be shown: 1) Water path coupling is essential for adequate u1trasonographic visualization of the breast, because the breast is easily compressible and any external pressure modifies the appearance of the internal texture (Figure 1). 2) With the exception of small, young, firm breasts, breasts float in water. In the sitting position, this floating phenomenon can be taken advantage of because the breasts float in an extended position in front of the patient. In a prone position, large breasts float up under the axilla (Figure 2A and Figure 2B). 3) Examination of the patient in the sitting position enables us to point to and palpate a lesion, then remove the pointer and observe the structure that we have palpated (Figure 2C and Figure2D). Such correlations with the pathology are essential to accurate interpretation of ultrasound mammograms. 4) The skin of the breast is a complex double angled reflector, which gives rise to many artifacts, i.e., it reflects sound in both lateral and vertical directions. In large breasts, this results in a loss of all echoes from the extreme lateral edges of the breast, because the critical angle of reflection is exceeded (Figure 3). Vertical angulation may produce reflection from the surface of the water or the bottom of the tank (Figure 4). 5) The only landmark on the breast is the nipple. The nipple produces acoustic shadowing and a number of undesirable acoustic artifacts (Figure 5).
The predictability of load address

Memory access latency is the traditional bottleneck of system performance. Cache is historically introduced to bridge the big gap between processor and main memory so as to reduce the load-to-use delay. The traditional one cycle cache latency has already caused problems for pipeline execution. The situation becomes worse for modern deep pipelined superscalar processor when clock rate continues to increase and cache capacity increases, which inevitably lead to more cycle cache latency.Load address prediction could alleviate the load-to-use delay by predicting the target address of load instruction in the early stage of pipeline. But existing address prediction schemes can only predict up to 67% regular address pattern.To explore the potential of address prediction, in this paper, from the program behavior, we study and simulate various load address change patterns. Our results first show that the address of load has high repeatability. We further classify load instructions naturally into several categories and analyze their behavior respectively. The reason for both correct address prediction and incorrect prediction are studied from program behavior. The load instructions with low prediction rate are further analyzed. Focused on the high misprediction for load from stack scalar variable, one new prediction schemes: stack coloring is proposed. Furthermore, we also propose a new context predictor: global context predictor, which greatly saves the prediction resources. Our results show that the high predictability with 77.5%, 75.8% and 90.6% can be achieved for stride, context and hybrid predictor respectively.
Distribution of Neurofilament Antigens after Axonal Injury

Phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated epitopes of neurofdament (NF) proteins are distributed in different regions of individual neurons. Immunocyto-chemical methods, with monoclonal antibodies directed against phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated NF, demonstrated nonphosphorylated NF in perikarya and proximal axonal segments of neurons in dorsal root ganglia, while phosphorylated NF proteins were present in axons of these cells. The distribution of these epitopes of NF were examined at various times following injury of axons in the rat sciatic nerve. Between one and 2 I days after crush of the proximal nerve, phosphorylated NF were present in neuronal perikarya. We have compared patterns of perikaryal immuno-reactivity at one time point (three weeks) following a more distal crush or complete transection of the sciatic nerve. At this time period, following transection/ligation, phosphorylated NF immunoreactivity was not present in perikarya, but abnormal staining was observed after nerve crush. These altered distributions of phosphorylated epitopes of NF are of interest because several recent reports have indicated that similar, but not identical, abnormal staining patterns occur in human neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. In accord with previous studies, this investigation indicates that one response of neurons to injury, or to disease, is an abnormal distribution of phosphorylated epitopes of NF proteins.
Study of SHIP‐binding cell surface proteins suggests c‐kit as a SHIP‐interacting receptor in mast cells

Mast cells play a central role in a wide range of immunological and pathological processes, but are most noted for their role in IgE-dependent allergic responses. Aggregation of the high-affinity receptor for IgE, FcηRI, stimulates mast cell degranulation, production of lipid mediators, and the synthesis and secretion of cytokines and chemokines. FcηRI-induced mast cell activation is subject to regulation by inhibitory receptors that transduce intracellular signals via associating phosphatases. The inositol 5-phosphatase SHIP has been implicated in FcγIIB-mediated inhibition of FcηRI-induced mast cell activation. However, SHIP also negatively regulates FcηRI signaling independent of FcγRIIB, suggesting the existence of additional receptors that mediate SHIP recruitment into sites where it mediates its inhibitory function. Here we show that SHIP associates with numerous phosphoproteins from pervanadate-stimulated mast cells. Based on their sensitivity to PNGase F treatment and cell surface biotinylation, some of these molecules may represent cell surface receptors. A prominent 120−130 kDa SHIP-binding phosphoprotein was identified in untreated RBL-2H3 cells and BMMC stimulated with stem cell factor. Based on its molecular weight, sensitivity to PNGase F, and reactivity with an anti-c-kit antibody, we conclude that this phosphoprotein is c-kit. Furthermore, tyrosine phosphorylation of SHIP is enhanced following SCF stimulation. Taken together, these data suggest that SHIP may function as a negative regulator of SCF signaling via direct association with phosphorylated c-kit.
Improved method for the optical determination of temperature profiles

The vertical temperature profile in the lower atmosphere was determined at heights from 60 cm to 180 cm from estimates of optical refraction obtained from photographs of illuminated targets over the ice of Lake Mendota, Madison, Wisconsin, during the winter of 1968. The targets consist of several equally spaced fluorescent lamps with the long axis along a line slanted 45 ° to the ice. Two targets were placed 750 m and 1500 m from the camera. A simplified model relating lapse rate to the radius of curvature of a light ray is used for computation. Results show that the technique is more reliable for estimates of profile shape than for estimates of lapse rate values.
SPECKLE OBSERVATIONS OF BINARY STARS WITH THE WIYN TELESCOPE. IV. DIFFERENTIAL PHOTOMETRY

Five hundred seventy-six magnitude difference measures are presented for 260 binary stars. These measures are derived from CCD-based speckle observations taken at the WIYN 3.5 m telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory during the period 1997–2000. Separations of the systems range from over 1'' down to near the diffraction limit of the telescope. A study of multiple measures of the same targets indicates that the measures have a typical uncertainty of better than 0.13 mag per 2 minute observation, and that multiple observations can be averaged to arrive at smaller uncertainties. Results presented here are also compared, insofar as it is possible, with measures in the Hipparcos Catalogue and to previous studies using adaptive optics. No major systematic errors were identified.
Transcutaneous bilirubinometry. I. Correlations in term infants

The transcutaneous bilirubinometer was evaluated in 43 white infants, eight black infants, and in nine white infants treated with phototherapy. The reproducibility of the instruments was determined after trials consisting of both five and 100 repetitions. Among the infants not being treated with phototherapy, TcB index and serum bilirubin concentration correlated at 0.90 level in both white and black infants. Phototherapy reduced the accuracy of the TcB and, at the present time, the use of this index in infants under light therapy cannot be recommended. Otherwise the TcB is a valuable tool in screening healthy term infants for hyperbilirubinemia.
Tailoring of nano-structures doped with optically active rare earth ions for single atom spectroscopy (Invited Paper)

Pulsed Laser Chemical Vapor Deposition (PLCVD) has been used to fabricate single atoms doped nanoparticles of magnesium sulfide. These particles were dispersed in optically transparent Poly-methyl-methacrylate (PMMA) films for near field nano-microscopy such that each nanoparticle doped with a single europium atom falls in the focusing range of the near field microscope. By atomic tailoring, the concentration of the doubly ionized europium, Eu2+, has been maximized in these nanoparticles. The energy and the oscillator strength of the 4f7-4f65d1 electronic transition has been tailored to maximize its addressing by photons in single atom spectroscopy experiments. Results have been presented on the fabrication of these single atom doped nanoparticles and their spectroscopy by laser excited fluorescence technique. Studies of a single Eu2+ ion by confocal micro-spectroscopy are in progress.© (2005) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Translational Control of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase by p38 MAPK in Islet β-Cells

The MAPKs are transducers of extracellular signals such as proinflammatory cytokines. In islet β-cells, cytokines acutely activate expression of the Nos2 gene encoding inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which ultimately impairs insulin release. Because iNOS production can also be regulated posttranscriptionally, we asked whether MAPKs participate in posttranscriptional regulatory events in β-cells and primary islets in response to cytokine signaling. We show that cytokines acutely reduce cellular oxygen consumption rate and impair aconitase activity. Inhibition of iNOS with l-NMMA or inhibition of Nos2 mRNA translation with GC7 [an inhibitor of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) activity] reversed these defects, as did inhibition of p38 MAPK by PD169316. Although inhibition of p38 had no effect on the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor κB or the abundance of Nos2 transcripts during the immediate period after cytokine exposure, its inhibition or knockdown resulted in significant reduction in iNOS protein, a finding suggestive of a permissive role for p38 in Nos2 translation. Polyribosomal profiling experiments using INS-1 β-cells revealed that Nos2 mRNA remained associated with polyribosomes in the setting of p38 inhibition, in a manner similar to that seen with blockade of translational elongation by cycloheximide. Consistent with a role in translational elongation, p38 activity is required in part for the activation of the translational factor eIF5A by promoting its hypusination. Our results suggest a novel signaling pathway in β-cells in which p38 MAPK promotes translation elongation of Nos2 mRNA via regulation of eIF5A hypusination.
Graph Spectra of Carbon Nanotube Networks: Molecular Communication

The capability of random carbon nanotube networks (CNT) to carry and fuse information while simultaneously performing sensing is explored. One may imagine small CNT networks with functionalized nanotubes simultaneously sensing multiple targets in-vivo for unprecedented understanding of biological pathways. This is clearly distinct from the traditional convoluted approach of using CNT networks to construct transistors that are in turn used to construct communication networks. With random CNT network layouts, routing of information is an integral part of the physical layer [2]. A Mathematica [9] analysis for evaluating random CNT networks has been developed and used to verify design characteristics [3, 4, 5]. The graph spectrum of the CNT network is used to determine resistance and electron mobility characteristics. Thus, we have been able to find relationships among CNT network structure and electron mobility. The nanotube density allows for an increase in the number of bits per square meter of information transfer compared to wireless communication. Consider a wireless network; a typical bit-meters/second capacity is limited in a traditional wireless network [6]. The maximum wireless capacity approximation in a wireless broadcast media is contrasted with a CNT network; we look at the efficiency of CNT networks to carry information and compare with theoretical limits.
Using the Classics to Expand Public Administrative Thought: An Exhortory Note

Public administrators—both practitioners and academics—need to develop critical-thinking skills. The mental exercise required to assess the validity of myths and metaphors can help develop this capacity to think beyond boundaries of problems.Drawing from the work of diverse authors such as Percy Bysshe Shelley, the early nineteenth-century poet, and more current works of the philosopher Neison Goodman, this article shows how the conflict inherent in metaphors can be an exercise in creativity. Examples particularly relevant to public administration are drawn from Homer's Odyssey.
Security policy testing via automated program code generation

Access control is one of the fundamental security mechanisms for information systems. It determines the availability of resources to principals, operations that can be performed, and under what circumstances. Traditionally the enforcement of access control is often hardcoded in applications or systems; such hardcoding makes it hard to verify the correctness of access control and to accommodate changes of security requirements. Recently, access control policies have been increasingly separated from enforcement mechanisms. An access control policy is explicitly specified using certain policy languages with well-defined syntax and semantics. An application then consults the policy during runtime to determine whether an access request from a principal should be allowed or denied. There are two main advantages of this approach. First, security officers can now perform systematic and formal security analysis on access control policies. Second, by separating policies from enforcement mechanisms, it is possible to change policies without affecting the underlying mechanisms, and vice versa.
The Rheological Approach to Soil ModeUng

ABSTRACT COMPLETE design of field machines and structures require validated mathematical description of the reaction of soil to the applied forces. The irreversible deformation behavior of soil under stress implies that elasto-plastic or visco-plastic models must be used to represent its constitutive laws. Various forms of such models are available, each with limitations and ranges of applicability to describe a majority of soil responses. Some important areas of future research for the improvement of the present models include: (a) identification and development of suitable soil tests to obtain various physical parameters in the models, (b) comprehensive integration of test data and theory, (c) developing uniformity in laboratory speciman preparation, (d) developing consistency in field and laboratory test performance, and (e) motion and behavior of the yield and failure surfaces under different loading conditions. The search for a sufficiently simple unified form of a law of general validity is as yet far from complete but, for many situations simple non-strain hardening models are capable of adequately describing the soil behavior.
First-principles study of the pressure-induced bcc-hcp transition in Ba.

The pressure-induced bcc-hcp phase transition in barium has been studied with use of first-principles total-energy calculations. The volume dependence of the complete energy surface from the bcc to the hcp structure has been determined as a function of the atomic displacements corresponding in the bcc phase to the ${\mathrm{T}}_{1}$ N-point phonon mode and a long-wavelength shear. The results predict that the frequency of this ${\mathrm{T}}_{1}$ N-point phonon mode decreases with increasing pressure, however, before the mode goes soft, the hcp phase becomes the lowest-energy structure and the transition is first order.
SPREAD OF THE "MITRAL" SOUND OVER THE CHEST. A STUDY OF FIVE SUBJECTS WITH THE STARR-EDWARDS VALVE.

Five subjects with prosthetic Starr-Edwards valve replacement of the mitral valve were studied in order to delineate the transmission characteristics of the sounds produced by this valve. In sharp contrast to the first (so-called "mitral") component of the first sound, this sound, arising at the mitral ring, arrived earlier on the surface of the chest in the third and fourth left interspaces near the sternal edge as compared to the apex. This was well correlated to the location of the prosthetic valve as seen from roentgenogram of the chest. It is concluded that the transmission of sound from the prosthetic mitral valve is mainly in the form of transverse vibrations. Different transmission characteristics of this sound, as compared to the first component of the first heart sound, indicate a different source for the two sounds.
Piecewise fabrication of click functionalized core-shell particles

The functionalization of colloidal surfaces has been an area of scientific research for several decades. With the emergence of click reactions, particularly the copper(I) catalyzed version of Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between azides and alkynes, new pathways to functionalize the particle surface in aqueous environments have opened for researchers to explore. In colloidal systems synthesized by free radical polymerization with monomers containing azides or alkynes, networked polymers are produced due to the bifunctionality of both monomers. The primary means of characterizing the success of these reactions due to the rigidity of the crosslinked particle is the use of a chromophore as the "clicked' material or titrations of a weak acid that has been "clicked'. Herein, the piecewise process of building a core-shell particle is described that avoids the unwanted crosslinking of an alkyne containing monomer. Due to the control of the piecewise fabrication, the polymer shell can removed with a favorable solvent pre- or post-functionalization with an azide-functionalized anthracene molecule.
Reproductive Potential and Fecundity of Lake Trout Strains in Southern and Eastern Waters of Lake Ontario, 1977–1994

We assessed the reproductive potential of various genetic strains of hatchery lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in southern and eastern Lake Ontario from indices of fecundity and indices of male abundance. Indices were constructed from catches of mature lake trout in gill nets during September 1980 to 1994 after correcting for mortality from sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) which occurred between September sampling and late fall spawning. Strain and age were assigned to individual lake trout based on clipped fins and maxillary bones or coded wire tags. Fecundity-length relationships for fish of the same age, determined from mature females collected in 1977 to 1981 and 1994, were not different (P > 0.05) among genetic strains. For all strains combined, fecundity-length relationships in 1977 to 1981 were not different among fish of various ages but in 1994, age-5 and -6 fish had fewer eggs (P < 0.003) than age-7 fish, and age-7 fish had fewer eggs (P < 0.003) than fish of age 8, 9, or 10. Annual indices of fecundity varied 19 fold and indices of mature males varied 11 fold; both indices were low in the early 1980s, increased sharply in the mid 1980s, and peaked in 1993. The strain which dominated fecundity and mature male indices shifted during the study from Seneca Lake strain to Lake Superior strain and then back to Seneca Lake strain. However, changes in either reproductive potential or genotypes do not appear responsible for the abrupt appearance of naturally-produced yearling lake trout throughout southern and eastern Lake Ontario in 1994–1995, the first widespread occurrence of juveniles produced by hatchery lake trout in Lake Ontario.
Variability in adsorptive phosphorus removal by structural stormwater best management practices.

Abstract Various best management practices (BMPs) utilizing sorption processes (SP) have demonstrated effectiveness for phosphorus (P) management in stormwater. However, the widespread use of these BMPs in urban areas has been limited by large land requirements and limited P removal capacity. Central to this study is the development of the urban wetland filter (UWF), a concept intended to overcome these limitations and provide a low-cost, easily implemented BMP that can meet urban P-management goals. Performance variation along with finite sorption capacity has limited the reliability of SP as a primary removal strategy. However, if variability were better understood and capacity made renewable, sorption of P to substrates could provide the option of a more rapid and (with less required retention time) more space-efficient sustainable removal strategy than biological uptake. The goal of this study was to identify and model major sources of variability in P removal by sorption, enabling better prediction and optimization of sorption performance and ultimately the development of a small-footprint stormwater BMP with efficient P removal ability. Experiments were conducted in bench-scale reactors with an iron-oxide sand substrate. Results included a physical-process model developed by considering the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of SP. Significant sources of variability included, by order of importance, magnitude of a solution/substrate concentration gradient, length of the “antecedent dry period” between loadings, and pH. Most importantly, results indicate the critical importance of a thermodynamic gradient between solution P and previously adsorbed P to achieve continued removal.
Cretaceous volcanism and Jurassic magnetic anomalies in the Nauru Basin, western Pacific Ocean

The Nauru Basin contains a well-documented pattern of Late Jurassic magnetic anomalies and a Cretaceous volcanic complex that has not disturbed the older magnetic structure. The following hypotheses are offered to explain this paradox. The Cretaceous basalts are normally and uniformly magnetized, making them invisible to a surface-towed magnetometer. Tension cracks and fractures associated with thermal uplift and/or magma wedging provided pathways for the Cretaceous magma through the Jurassic basement without disrupting the Jurassic magnetic structure. The same tension cracks admitted sea water that convectively removed heat from the magnetic layer and thus maintained the Jurassic basement below its magnetic blocking temperature for extended periods of time during intrusive thermal episodes. Finally, the maximum uplift associated with Cretaceous volcanism in the Nauru Basin could have been equal to, but was probably something less than, that associated with nearby seamount and atoll chains.
Power-aware communication for wireless sensor-actuator systems

This paper considers the design of power-aware communication protocols for a sensor transmitting plant state measurements over a wireless Markov fading channel to a receiver/controller. Communication requires power consumption at transmission adapted to channel fading, and at the receiver, which we model as constant at each transmission. We measure performance with a weighted sum of the average power consumption at both ends and an appropriately defined control task error. We derive an optimal self-triggered protocol where after each transmission devices decide when the next one will take place and switch to a zero-power sleep mode in between. We show that sleep durations need to adapt only to the current channel fading and not the plant state. We then derive an improved protocol allowing the sensor upon wake-up to decide whether to transmit or not based on current plant and channel conditions in an event-based fashion. The power/control performance improvements are illustrated in simulations.
Multiple pilocytic astrocytomas of the cerebellum in a 17-year-old patient with neurofibromatosis type I

Objective Approximately 10% of patients with neurofibromatosis I (NFI) patients will have central nervous system (CNS) tumors. The most common of these are hypothalamic–optic gliomas, followed by brainstem and cerebellar pilocytic astrocytomas. While isolated pilocytic astrocytomas in NFI are well described, the appearance of multiple pilocytic astrocytomas in an individual patient is less common. The most frequent combination in NFI patients with more than one pilocytic astrocytoma is optic tract/hypothalamic and brainstem. Other combinations are exceedingly rare; multiple pilocytic astrocytomas have only been reported once in the cerebral hemispheres in a patient with NFI. This report presents the first documented case, to our knowledge, of multiple pilocytic astrocytomas in the cerebellum of a patient with NF1.
Exploring the relevance of localization in anti-drinking and driving PSAs: Factors that may influence college students' behaviors

This article generalizes the results of a qualitative study, which suggested that localization of consequences in PSAs may have a impact on reducing the incidence of drunk driving among college students. The results of the current study suggest that this implication may be true. The results also suggest that frequency of binge drinking, gender, and age are factors that influence perceptions of drunk driving risk, and that PSAs need to take these factors into account in order to be effective.
First principles study of intrinsic defects in (Ga,Mn)As

We present density functional calculations of the structural, electronic and magnetic properties of various intrinsic defects in (Ga,Mn)As. Our main finding is that As excess generally weakens the ferromagnetic coupling between Mn ions. Moreover, we find that the interaction is strongly dependent on the microscopic configuration of the Mn ions and the defects, suggesting that a mean field description is not always appropriate.
Concept of transfer to repair of power plant turbogenerators according to their technical state

A concept of repairing power plant turbogenerators according to their technical state and with allowance for the technical state in the transition period is presented. Diagnostic, organizational, engineering, and information aspects of the concept are considered. It is shown that transition to repairing turbogenerators according to their technical state is possible only on the basis of the use of an intellectual information-diagnostic system.