cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sparse Optimization on General Atomic Sets: Greedy and Forward-Backward Algorithms

We consider the problem of sparse atomic optimization, where the notion of "sparsity" is generalized to meaning some linear combination of few atoms. The definition of atomic set is very broad; popular examples include the standard basis, low-rank matrices, overcomplete dictionaries, permutation matrices, orthogonal matrices, etc. The model of sparse atomic optimization therefore includes problems coming from many fields, including statistics, signal processing, machine learning, computer vision and so on. Specifically, we consider the problem of maximizing a restricted strongly convex (or concave), smooth function restricted to a sparse linear combination of atoms. We extend recent work that establish linear convergence rates of greedy algorithms on restricted strongly concave, smooth functions on sparse vectors to the realm of general atomic sets, where the convergence rate involves a novel quantity: the "sparse atomic condition number". This leads to the strongest known multiplicative approximation guarantees for various flavors of greedy algorithms for sparse atomic optimization; in particular, we show that in many settings of interest the greedy algorithm can attain strong approximation guarantees while maintaining sparsity. Furthermore, we introduce a scheme for forward-backward algorithms that achieves the same approximation guarantees. Secondly, we define an alternate notion of weak submodularity, which we show is tightly related to the more familiar version that has been used to prove earlier linear convergence rates. We prove analogous multiplicative approximation guarantees using this alternate weak submodularity, and establish its distinct identity and applications.
885-P: Efficacy of a Telehealth Preventive Cardiology Lifestyle Intervention Program to Treat High-Risk South Asians

Lifestyle intervention programs (LIPs) are effective in reducing cardiometabolic risk in clinical trials, but real world implementation is often limited by time constraints on physician-patient in clinic counseling. We report preliminary results from a telehealth LIP that provides culturally tailored lifestyle recommendations in Nutrition, Exercise, Sleep and Stress reduction for high-risk South Asians. Methods: The Stanford South Asian Translational Heart Initiative introduced a telehealth LIP that delivers care via video visits in November 2017. Patients ages 20-60 were enrolled and compared to age-matched traditional in-person clinic patients. Both arms included a comprehensive cardiometabolic risk assessment and personalized treatment plan focused on aggressive risk reduction, with a set of 3 cardiologist and 3 dietitian/diabetes educator visits to be completed in 6 months. Individualized counselling was provided in nutrition, role of physical activity and inactivity, sleep hygiene and stress reduction. Results: Out of 120 enrollees, 37 have the completed program. Telehealth LIP was associated with salutary changes in lifestyle including decreased prolonged sitting time (32/37 87%) and cardiometabolic markers. Conclusion: The addition of 3 telehealth LIP sessions to a preventive cardiology clinic produces significant improvements in lifestyle behaviors and cardiometabolic risk. Disclosure V. Parameswaran: None. K. Josan: None. A. Khandelwal: None. F. Abbasi: None. R. Dash: None.
Evaluation of the potential influence of the disinfection cycle on the efficacy of strain F Mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccine administered by in ovo injection to layer hatching eggs

Summary In ovo administration of a live-attenuated F-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccine (FMG) has proven to be a promising alternative vaccination route for layer chickens to combat M. gallisepticum (MG) infections. Its practical application within current in ovo vaccination procedures, employing a disinfection step after each injection, has been uncertain. The objective of this experiment was to determine the ability of FMG to survive the in ovo disinfection step to elicit a posthatch immune response. In 2 trials, layer eggs were in ovo-vaccinated with or without the disinfection step between injections. Utilizing an Embrex Inovoject M machine, treatments included noninjected eggs, diluent-injected eggs with or without a disinfection step, and eggs vaccinated with an FMG vaccine with or without a disinfection step. Ninety hatched chicks per treatment in both trials were raised to 6 wk of age and swabbed in the choanal cleft for FMG detection via PCR and were bled for IgM (serum plate agglutination) and IgG (ELISA) testing for detection of antibody production against MG. The percentage of birds in which FMG was detected at 6 wk of age were similar among both FMG vaccination treatments in both trials (overall 89.4% without and 91.6% with disinfectant step). Birds vaccinated with FMG also developed antibody responses regardless of employment of the disinfection step. These results indicate that FMG survives the disinfection step employed by commercial machines and can be readily applied to current commercial procedures of in ovo vaccination with no detriment to vaccine efficacy.
Sociodemographic and clinical features of children and adolescents with SARS-COV-2 infection in Nashville, Tennessee

Background: Little is known regarding the full spectrum of illness among children with SARS-CoV-2 infection across integrated healthcare settings, as many published pediatric cohorts focus on hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection Methods: Active surveillance was performed for SARS-CoV-2 detections among symptomatic and asymptomatic children and adolescents ≤18 years of age in a quaternary care academic hospital laboratory in the Southeastern U S For symptomatic patients with a positive respiratory specimen for SARS-CoV-2 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and for neonates born to SARS-CoV-2-positive mothers, we performed phone follow-up and medical record review at days 2, 7, and 30 after diagnosis Testing was initiated 3/12/20 for symptomatic patients and 5/4/20 for screening asymptomatic patients Results: By 6/14/20, SARS-CoV-2 tests were positive in 193/5306 (3 6%) specimens from unique patients ≤18 (Table 1), compared to 2653/36503 (7 2%) specimens in patients >18 years Specimens from 181/2638 (6 8%) symptomatic and 12/2768 (0 4%) asymptomatic children were positive Nine infants born to SARS-CoV-2 infected mothers had negative PCR tests at birth;1 infant subsequently acquired SARS-CoV-2 infection at 5 weeks of age Sociodemographic and clinical data for 181 SARS-CoV-2-positive symptomatic children are displayed in Table 2 and Figure 1 The most common symptoms were cough (59%), fever (50%), and rhinorrhea (39%) Nine/181 symptomatic patients (5%) were hospitalized, primarily for respiratory symptoms Symptom resolution occurred by follow-upday 2 in 82/178 (46%) and day 7 in 128/164 (78%) patients with complete assessments to date 131/181 (72%) of children had known SARS-CoV-2 positive contacts We observed no cases of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children Conclusion: In our community, pediatric SARS-CoV-2 prevalence was low, but was much higher among symptomatic than asymptomatic children Symptoms were mild, and the duration of symptoms brief, in the majority of these patients captured within an integrated ambulatory and hospital-based healthcare system, capturing the full spectrum of the disease profile in this age group
The Impact of an SEC-Induced Increase to Stock Liquidity on Voluntary Disclosure

In addition to disclosure regulation, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) periodically intervenes in the market making process to facilitate fair, orderly, and efficient capital markets. For example, responding to calls for increased market maker competition on the Nasdaq in the early 1990s, the SEC imposed several reforms in 1997 to decrease bid-ask spreads and dealer rents. While prior research documents that this reform was successful in improving market maker competition and stock liquidity, we examine whether this increase in liquidity sufficiently altered firm’s incentives to disclose, such that firms reduced voluntary disclosure. In a differences-in-differences design, we examine whether firms affected by the reforms subsequently reduced their voluntary disclosure and whether this reduction in disclosure increased information asymmetry among investors. Our results suggest that firms impacted by the regulatory intervention subsequently reduced management forecast frequency relative to a set of firms unaffected by the regulation. Further, the firms that reduced disclosure experienced an increase in information asymmetry among investors through an increased probability of informed trading.
Contêiner: do descarte portuário à aplicação arquitetônica / Marine container: from abandonment to architectural application

Inicialmente pensado para facilitar o transporte de cargas, o conteiner hoje, tambem pode resolver problemas habitacionais. Para reduzir residuos e reutilizar um material que ainda apresenta integridade estrutural, iniciou-se a utilizacao do conteiner como componente na construcao civil, com destaque para sua adocao na arquitetura para fins residenciais ou comerciais. A partir disso, o objetivo deste estudo e apontar os caminhos existentes para uma correta selecao do conteiner em desuso a ser transformado em habitacao, tendo como proposito tambem a categorizacao dos processos de verificacao de qualidade do modulo e adaptacao para uso habitacional, ilustrada atraves de detalhes construtivos tipicos. Como resultado desta pesquisa, constata-se que no Brasil ha pouca instrucao e normatizacao sobre os processos necessarios para implantacao do conteiner no mercado imobiliario, antes mesmo do inicio da obra, bem como instrucoes para execucao de detalhes construtivos de sua transformacao em um modulo habitacional. Portanto, mostrou-se necessaria a criacao de legislacoes especificas para esse metodo construtivo, assim como a divulgacao do seu conhecimento tecnico para o maior dominio dos profissionais da area e difusao de uso no pais. Entretanto, a construcao com conteiner se mostra viavel e funcional, portadora de vantagens construtivas e ambientais.
Eliciting the educational needs and priorities of home care workers on end-of-life care for patients with heart failure using nominal group technique.

Background:Home care workers, as paid caregivers, assist with many aspects of home-based heart failure care. However, most home care workers do not receive systematic training on end-of-life care f...
Solvation vs. surface charge transfer: an interfacial chemistry game drives cation motion

Electrolyte structure and ion solvation dynamics determine ionic conductivities, and ion (de)solvation processes dominate interfacial chemistry and electrodeposition barriers. We elucidate electrolyte effects facilitating or impeding Li+ diffusion and deposition, and evaluate structural and energetic changes during the solvation complex pathway from the bulk to the anode surface.
Pain and Other Neurological Symptoms Are Present at 3 Months After Hospitalization in COVID-19 Patients

COVID-19 is an ongoing pandemic with a devastating impact on public health. Acute neurological symptoms have been reported after a COVID-19 diagnosis, however, the long-term neurological symptoms including pain is not well established. Using a prospective registry of hospitalized COVID-19 patients, we assessed pain and neurological function (including functional, cognitive and psychiatric assessments) of several hospitalized patients at 3 months. Our main finding is that 60% of the patients report pain symptoms. 71% of the patients still experienced neurological symptoms at 3 months and the most common symptoms being fatigue (42%) and PTSD (29%). Cognitive symptoms were found in 12%. Our preliminary findings suggests the importance of investigating long-term outcomes and rationalizes the need for further studies investigating the neurologic outcomes and symptoms of pain after COVID-19.
First-Line Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Escherichia coli in Children With Urinary Tract Infection in Emergency Department and Primary Care Clinics

Objective: To identify risk factors for antibiotic resistance to Escherichia coli (E. coli) in children with urinary tract infections (UTIs) in emergency room and primary care clinics. Method: This is a cross-sectional study of children 0 to 18 years of age reported to have E coli–positive UTIs whose medical and laboratory records were systematically reviewed. Result: Compared with girls, boys were 2.29 times (confidence interval [CI] = 1.30-4.02) more likely to have E coli isolates resistant to ampicillin and 2 times more likely (CI = 1.13-3.62) to have isolates resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX). Patients with genitourinary abnormalities were 1.57 times more likely to be resistant to ampicillin (CI = 1.03-2.41) and 1.86 times to TMP/SMX (CI = 1.18-2.94). Conclusion: Higher rates of ampicillin and TMP/SMX resistant urinary E coli isolates were observed among boys and children with a history of genitourinary abnormality. Age and recent antibiotic prescription are also potential risk fact...
Gaston Miron: Encountering Trauma in the Linguistic (De)colonization of Quebec

Gaston Miron, the Quebec poet, was in a unique situation that is difficult to pinpoint as colonial or postcolonial. In addition, he expresses extreme distress that may not quite fit in traditional categories from trauma studies. Through an analysis of his poetry and essays, however, this article attempts to examine and define what could be called his linguistic trauma. The way in which he responds to this, and his particular situation, provides important insights for the merging of the two fields of postcolonial and trauma studies.
Reports of Representatives

(1909). Reports of Representatives. American Physical Education Review: Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 109-116.
Extremal distance maintenance for parametric curves and surfaces

A new extremal distance tracking algorithm is presented for parametric curves and surfaces undergoing rigid body motion. The essentially geometric extremization problem is transformed into a dynamical control problem by differentiating with respect to time. Extremization is then solved with the design of a stabilizing controller. We use a feedback linearizing controller. The controller simultaneously accounts for the surface shape and motion while asymptotically achieving (and maintaining) the extremal pair. Thus collision detection takes place in a framework fully analogous to the framework used for the simulation of dynamical response.
Square Cell Packing in the Drosophila Embryo through Spatiotemporally Regulated EGF Receptor Signaling

Cells display dynamic and diverse morphologies during development, but the strategies by which differentiated tissues achieve precise shapes and patterns are not well understood. Here we identify a developmental program that generates a highly ordered square cell grid in the Drosophila embryo through sequential and spatially regulated cell alignment, oriented cell division, and apicobasal cell elongation. The basic leucine zipper transcriptional regulator Cnc is necessary and sufficient to produce a square cell grid in the presence of a midline signal provided by the EGF receptor ligand Spitz. Spitz orients cell divisions through a Pins/LGN-dependent spindle-positioning mechanism and controls cell shape and alignment through a transcriptional pathway that requires the Pointed ETS domain protein. These results identify a strategy for producing ordered square cell packing configurations in epithelia and reveal a molecular mechanism by which organized tissue structure is generated through spatiotemporally regulated responses to EGF receptor activation.
Effect of sterilization on the structure and fatigue resistance of medical grade UHMWPE

Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene has been used as the articulating surface in total joint replacements for over three decades. These polymer inserts are sterilized by gamma irradiation prior to implantation. Irradiation is known to alter the structure and properties of the UHMWPE over time. Understanding the evolution of these properties is critical for life prediction of the component. In fact, fatigue-related wear debris currently limits the life of the total joint replacement. In this study, we determine the effect of gamma irradiation on the polymer structure using transmission electron microscopy. Cyclic compression and cyclic tension fatigue tests are performed to establish a link between the structure and fatigue fracture resistance of the polymer.
Endoscopic and imaging appearance after injection of an ano-rectal bulking agent

The use of hyaluronic acid and dextranomer (Solesta, Salix) injection in the anal canal is an emerging modality in the treatment of fecal incontinence. However, little is known regarding the endoscopic and radiological appearance following injection of this ano-rectal bulking agent. We report computed tomography and endoscopic findings after hyaluronic acid/dextranomer injection in the ano-rectal area.
Responses of respiration to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations

It has been recently recognized that increases in carbon dioxide concentration such as are anticipated for the earth's atmosphere in the next century often reduce plant respiration. There can be both a short-term reversible effect of unknown cause, and long-term acclimation, which may reflect the synthesis and maintenance of less metabolically expensive materials in plants grown at elevated carbon dioxide concentrations. Because respiration provides energy and carbon intermediates for growth and maintenance, reductions in respiration by increasing carbon dioxide concentrations may have effects on physiology beyond an improvement in plant carbon balance. As atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration increases, reduced respiration could be as important as increased photosynthesis in improving the ability of terrestrial vegetation to act as a sink for carbon, but it could also have other consequences.
Fumarole Alteration of Hawaiian Basalts: A Potential Mars Analog

Over the last decade of Mars exploration, planetary scientists have discovered widespread sulfate-rich deposits indicating the acidic weathering of basalts (Squyres and Knoll, 2005; Bibring et al., 2006). By understanding the processes occurring during alteration of basalt in wet volcanic environments such as solfataras, we can learn more about the past aqueous processes on Mars. Chemically altered mineral assemblages of potentially hydrothermal origin have been detected at several Mars sites including Gusev Crater, Mawrth Vallis, and Nili Fossae (Ehlmann et al., 2010; Ehlmann et al., 2008; Chojnacki and Hynek, 2008; Schmidt et al., 2008; Yen et al., 2008; Bibring et al., 2006). The abundant magnesium and iron sulfates, hematite, and silica suggest alteration of basalts in water-limited, saline-acidic conditions, consistent with acidic evaporites or potentially sulfur-rich fumaroles (Squyres et al., 2007; Morris et al, 2000). In order to fully understand the formation of the minerals observed on Mars, it is necessary to fully understand the geochemical and mineralogical pathways that the basalt undergoes as it weathers under different conditions. Kilauea volcano Hawaii provides an excellent Mars analog for hydrothermal alteration. Samples collected at various fumaroles will be analyzed in order to determine any mineralogical and/or geochemical signatures that can help determine the origin of the mineral assemblages seen on Mars.
Effects of human relaxin on orthodontic tooth movement and periodontal ligaments in rats

Introduction The rate-limiting step in orthodontic treatment is often the rapidity with which teeth move. Using biological agents to modify the rate of tooth movement has been shown to be effective in animals. Relaxin is a hormone present in both males and females. Its main action is to increase the turnover of fibrous connective tissues. Thus, relaxin might increase the amount and rate of tooth movement through its effect on the periodontal ligament (PDL). The purpose of this study was to measure the effect of relaxin on orthodontic tooth movement and PDL structures. Methods Bilateral orthodontic appliances designed to tip maxillary molars mesially with a force of 40 cN were placed in 96 rats. At day 0, the animals were randomized to either relaxin or vehicle treatment. Twelve rats in each group were killed at 2, 4, 7, and 9 days after appliance activation. Cephalograms were taken at appliance placement and when the rats were killed. Tooth movement was measured cephalometrically in relation to palatal implants. Fractal analysis and visual analog scale assessments were used to evaluate the effect of relaxin on PDL fiber organization at the tension sites in histologic sections. The in-vitro testing for PDL mechanical strength and tooth mobility was performed by using tissue from an additional 20 rats that had previously received the same relaxin or vehicle treatments for 1 or 3 days (n = 5). Results Both groups had statistically significant tooth movement as functions of time. However, relaxin did not stimulate significantly greater or more rapid tooth movement. Fractal and visual analog scale analyses implied that relaxin reduced PDL fiber organization. In-vitro mechanical testing and tooth mobility assessments indicated that the PDL of the mandibular incisors in the relaxin-treated rats had reduced yield load, strain, and stiffness. Moreover, the range of tooth mobility of the maxillary first molars increased to 130% to 170%, over vehicle-treated rats at day 1. Conclusions Human relaxin does not accelerate orthodontic tooth movement in rats; it can reduce the level of PDL organization, reduce PDL mechanical strength, and increase tooth mobility at early time points.
Effects of herbivores, nutrient enrichment, and their interactions on macroalgal proliferation and coral growth

We conducted a 20-week manipulative field experiment on shallow forereefs of the Florida Keys to assess the separate and interactive effects of herbivory and nutrient enrichment on the development of macroalgal communities and the fitness of the corals Porites porites and Siderastrea siderea. Excluding large herbivorous fishes produced macrophyte blooms both with and without nutrient enrichment. In contrast, there were no direct effects of nutrient enrichment. There were, however, small, but significant, interactive effects of herbivory and enrichment on macroalgal cover. Following nutrient enrichment, total macroalgae and the common seaweeds Dictyota spp. were suppressed in the presence, but not in the absence, of large herbivorous fishes—suggesting that fishes were selectively feeding on nutrient-enriched macrophytes. Access by large herbivores prevented algal overgrowth of corals, but these large fishes also directly grazed both corals. Excluding fishes did not alter survivorship of either coral species, but did decrease parrotfish grazing scars on both corals and increased the net growth of P. porites. Nutrient additions had no direct effects on the survivorship of corals, but there was a trend (P = 0.097) for nutrients to stimulate the growth of P. porites. The preponderance of experiments available to date indicates that loss of key herbivores is a major factor driving macroalgal blooms on coral reefs; anthropogenic nutrient pollution generally plays a more minor role.
The Function Simulation of TBM Based on Virtual Reality

Abstract. As we all known, it is a hard and risky task to use a real physical tunnel boring machine prototype in experiment for the reason that it is expensive, complex and used in an special operating environment. Based on virtual reality technology, the function simulation of digital mockup using VR system is proposed, the function simulation of full-face Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) based on Division Mockup is finished and verified by the consistency between theoretical study and actual simulation results. This paper provides the basis for design and improvement of product in order to reduce the production costs and time-to-market.
An ongoing cross‐sectional study of the prevalence of eating disorders in freshman college students

Our third cross-sectional survey designed to elicit DSM-III inclusion criteria for bulimia was completed by 1836 students, 97.2% of those surveyed. Based on operationalized criteria, 4.7% of females reported a current eating disorder diagnosis. These included bulimia (4.3%), bulimia nervosa (2.2%), bulimia with weekly binge/purging behavior (1.1%), and anorexia nervosa (0.1%). Current bulimia was reported by 0.1% of males and current bulimia nervosa by 0.3%. Those women with current bulimia were more likely to report a history of treatment for alcoholism and drug abuse than those bulimic women in remission. The data suggest that fear of loss of control over eating is an important part of the diagnostic criteria for bulimia nervosa, while fear of being fat is less apt to differentiate between bulimic and nonbulimic women. The desire for low weight was more pronounced in bulimic female students in the current survey than in previous surveys. The percentage of women who reported a history of bulimia with weekly binge eating and purging went from 1% in 1980 to 3.2% in 1983 and to 2.2% in the current survey indicating that the prevalence for this disorder may have peaked and may be declining.
Interpreting orchardists’ talk about their orchards: the good orchardists

In order to implement environmental policies for sustainable and resilient land use we need to better understand how people relate to their agricultural land and how this affects their practices. In this paper I use an inductive, qualitative analysis of data gathered from interviews with kiwifruit orchardists and observations of their orchards to demonstrate how their interpretation of their relationship with their orchards affects their management practices. I suggest that these orchardists experience their orchards as having agency in four different ways—as wild, challenging, needy, and passive—and that these different perspectives result in practices which produce orchards that impact differently on sensory faculties—sight, touch, hearing, taste, and smell. This finding implies that land use policies that seek to change sensory aspects of the land which are in conflict with producers’, farmers’, or growers’ sense of relationship with the land—and how the land “should be”—are unlikely to succeed. That these orchardists produce fruit which is compliant with two comprehensive audit systems—one of which is organic—and also serve an international market, indicates that the constraints of such systems still allow orchardists to exercise autonomy, express their identity, and make sense of their orchard activities in different ways, indicating a potentially resilient and sustainable production system.
ASC-dependent RIP2 Kinase Regulates Reduced PGE2 Production in Chronic Periodontitis:

Levels of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) and its processing enzyme, prostaglandin-endoperoxide-synthase-2/ cyclooxygenase-2 (PTGS2/COX-2), are elevated in actively progressing periodontal lesions, but suppressed in chronic disease. COX-2 expression is regulated through inflammatory signaling that converges on the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Emerging evidence suggests a role for the inflammatory adaptor protein, ASC/Pycard, in MAPK activation. We postulated that ASC may represent a mediator of the MAPK-mediated regulatory network of PGE(2) production. Using RNAi-mediated gene slicing, we demonstrated that ASC regulates COX-2 expression and PGE(2) production in THP1 monocytic cells following infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg). Production of PGE(2) did not require the inflammasome adaptor function of ASC, but was dependent on MAPK activation. Furthermore, the MAP kinase kinase kinase CARD domain-containing protein RIPK2 was induced by Pg in an ASC-dependent manner. Reduced ASC and RIPK2 levels were revealed by orthogonal comparison of the expression of the RIPK family in ASC-deficient THP1 cells with that in chronic periodontitis patients. We show that pharmacological inhibition of RIPK2 represses PGE(2) secretion, and RNAi-mediated silencing of RIPK2 leads to diminished MAPK activation and PGE(2) secretion. These findings identify a novel ASC-RIPK2 axis in the generation of PGE(2) that is repressed in patients diagnosed with chronic adult periodontitis.
Role of mitochondria in the regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in the rat carotid body glomus cells

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) protein, a heterodimeric transcription factor that regulates transcriptional activation of several genes, is involved in adaptive responses to hypoxia. Earlier, we have reported that in carotid body (CB), the peripheral oxygen sensing organ, HIF-1α is up-regulated during hypoxia. One model proposes that an intact mitochondrial respiratory chain is necessary for this regulation of HIF-1α. To test this hypothesis in the CB glomus cells, we studied the effect of mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) inhibitors: rotenone (complex I; 1 μM), malonate (complex II; 0.5 M), antimycin A (complex III; 1 μg/ml), sodium azide (complex IV; 5 mM), and uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation: carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP; 1 mM) on HIF-1α expression during normoxia and hypoxia. Inhibitors and uncoupler of mitochondrial ETC abrogated hypoxia-induced HIF-1α expression in isolated glomus cells significantly (P<0.001). Effect of rotenone during hypoxia was abolished by succinate (4 mM), a substrate for complex II. Further, HIF-1α expression was not altered by any of these mitochondrial inhibitors during normoxia. Taken together, these results strongly indicate that a functional mitochondrial ETC is required for the stabilization of HIF-1α, and further the connection between HIF-1α and mitochondria in CB oxygen sensing is reiterated.
Role of the prostaglandin receptor EP3 in regulating vasculogenic mimicry of inflammatory breast cancer.

CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2008 Abstracts Abstract #2127 Background: Inflammatory breast cancer is an aggressively angiogenic, metastatic and lethal variant of breast cancer. One of the characteristics of aggressive tumors types such as IBC is the ability of tumor cells to undergo vasculogenic mimicry (VM), which is the formation of organized capillary like structures in vitro and in vivo much like endothelial cells, providing a conduit for oxygen and nutrients to reach hypoxic and nutrient deprived tumor cells that have outgrown their adjacent vascular supply. Using genomic and proteomic profiling as well as Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, invasion assays using the modified Boyden chamber assay as well as digital imaging, we evaluated the signal transduction pathways involved in regulating proliferation, invasion, and VM by IBC tumor cells. Results: We found that cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2), which produces the bioactive lipid, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is one gene that is highly expressed IBC tumor cell lines, SUM149 and SUM190. The biological activity of PGE2 occurs via binding of PGE2 to one of 4 members of a G protein coupled receptor family, designated as the EP receptors, EP1, EP2, EP3 and EP4. Western blot analysis and immunochemistry revealed that EP3 receptor protein is produced at very high levels by both IBC tumor cell lines to a significantly (p<0.05) greater extent than either human MCF-7 or MDA-MB-231 non-IBC breast tumor cells. Since EP3 is known to be an inhibitory prostanoid receptor, we evaluated the dose dependent effects of the EP3 agonist, sulprostone, on proliferation, invasion, and VM. Sulprostone [0.1, 1, 10 and 100 μm] inhibited proliferation of SUM149 and SUM190 IBC cells in a dose and time dependent manner to a significantly greater extent (p<0.01) than MCF-7 or MDA-MB-231 breast tumor cells. Sulprostone inhibited invasion of SUM149 IBC tumor cells, with no effect on invasion of a basement membrane by the MDA-MB-231 human non-IBC breast tumor cells. SUM149 IBC tumor cells undergo VM, which was completely inhibited by 10 μM sulprostone at 24 hrs, as visualized by Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining and digital imaging. The ability of sulprostone to completely inhibit VM occurred in conjunction with inhibition of production of laminin 5-γ2 fragments and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) activity. Studies are currently underway to determine the in vivo effect of sulprostone on IBC tumor growth, VM, and metastasis of SUM149 IBC xenografts. Discussion: These results suggest that targeting EP3 may provide a selective advantage for abrogating not only proliferation, and invasion but also vasculogenic mimicry that is a key component of the rapid angiogenic program observed in IBC. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 2127.
Condom Negotiation and Use Among Female Sex Workers in Phnom Penh, Cambodia

We examined condom-use negotiation strategies and condom use among 81 female sex workers (FSWs) in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Percentages of FSWs who did not negotiate condom use or could not describe a negotiation strategy with native clients, foreign clients, and non-paying partners were 15.0, 29.0 and 67.6 %, respectively. The most common negotiation strategy used was "provision of risk information" for native clients (43.8 %) and non-paying partners (26.5 %), and "direct request" for foreign clients (39.5 %). About half could not describe more than one negotiation strategy. Consistent condom use was high with native clients (98.8 %), yet comparatively lower with foreign clients (86.9 %) and non-paying partners (26.5 %). FSWs who did not negotiate or did not know how to negotiate condom use were less likely to report condom use with non-paying regular partners. Future interventions should enhance condom negotiation strategies between FSWs and all partner types.
Effects of Participation in Class Activities on Children's Environmental Attitudes and Knowledge

Abstract The Caretaker Classroom Program was initiated by the major newspaper of a large, southern city to encourage elementary school classes to engage in proenvironmental activities. Participating classes agreed to engage in a minimum of eight environmentally relevant activities during the course of an academic year. This study was designed to assess, first, whether environmental attitudes and knowledge of participants changed relative to nonparticipants, and second, whether Caretaker children influenced their parents' environmental attitudes and knowledge. Sixteen participating classes and 19 nonparticipating control classes were chosen from 11 schools; pretest and posttest environmental attitudes and knowledge were assessed. The program had a significant positive effect on attitude toward the environment but did not influence knowledge of environmental issues. Additionally, children rated by their teachers as most interested in the activities showed greater increases in proenvironmental attitudes than...
On the application of fast wavelet transform to the integral‐equation solution of electromagnetic scattering problems

The fast wavelet transform is applied to the integral-equation solution of two-dimensional electromagnetic scattering problems. In the wavelet transform domain, the moment-method impedance matrix becomes sparse, and sparse matrix algorithms can be utilized to solve the resulting matrix equation. Using the fast wavelet transform in conjunction with the conjugate gradient method, we present the time performance for the solution of a dihedral corner reflector. The total computational complexity is found to be reduced without sacrificing much accuracy. The reason for the sparsity of the wavelet domain representation is discussed and additional areas of research are pinpointed. © 1993 John Wiley & sons, Inc.
The Reactivity of Potassium Carbanions with Epoxides

Abstract Cyclohexene oxide reacted with n-butylpotassium unexpectedly to produce 2-butylcyclohexanone in a 10% isolated yield of its semicarbazone derivative. Based on previous literature, a three-part mechanism is proposed that implies that a yield greater than 33% is not possible. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Synthetic Communications® to view the free supplemental file.
A Content Analysis of the Journal of Research in Music Education, 1953-1983.

The purpose of this study was to review the Journal of Research in Music Education from 1953 (the first issue) through 1983, a 31-year period, with particular attention to editorial policies, content analysis, and organization of research topics. Specifically, frequencies and percentages of articles and pages were determined for (a) articles based on dissertations and theses and (b) articles using historical, philosophical, experimental, descriptive, and behavioral research methodologies. Furthermore, articles within each methodology were categorized by general subject matter topic, by the sample characteristics of age and training, and by specific research technique where applicable. All articles (N = 658) were reviewed.
A rule to identify patients who require magnetic resonance imaging after intracerebral hemorrhage.

A study performed in Hong Kong of catheter angiography after ICH found a high rate of structural lesions in patients 45 years of age or younger, without a history of hypertension, or with lobar hemorrhage. We hypothesized that a clinical decision rule based on these Hong Kong criteria would reliably identify patients who require MRI after ICH. We identified all patients admitted with ICH to our medical center during a 5-year period who underwent brain MRI. Patients were excluded if the history revealed an obvious cause of ICH. Two study neurologists independently adjudicated whether MRI revealed the cause of ICH. We devised a rule recommending MRI if patients met one or more Hong Kong criteria, and calculated the proportion of patients with diagnostic MRI studies who would have been identified by this rule. We also examined the performance of a modified rule using age ≤ 55 years. The original Hong Kong rule applied to 102 of the 148 patients in our cohort (69%), and would have recommended MRI in 25 of 27 patients with diagnostic MRI studies (93%, 95% CI 76–99%). The modified rule applied to 110 patients (74%), and would have recommended MRI in all 27 patients with diagnostic MRI studies (100%, 95% CI 91–100%). A rule based on simple clinical criteria may be useful for stratifying the yield of MRI after ICH. If validated in further studies, such a rule could reduce the number of unnecessary MRI studies after ICH, leading to more cost-effective care.
Adrenal steroid biosynthesis from 4-14C-cholesterol (in vitro) during phenobarbital block of PMS-induced ovulation in immature rats.

Phenobarbital (PB) block of ovulation in PMS—primed (day 30) immature rats is associated with a depressed adrenal steroidogenesis in vitro. Adrenals from PB—treated (1:30 PM on day 32) and untreated rats were incubated with 4–14C—cholesterol. The incubations with PB—treated adrenals showed an appreciable decrease in the amount of radioactivity associated with progesterone, pregnenolone, 17–hydroxypregnenolone, corticosterone, deoxycorticosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone on the basis of purification to a constant specific activity with chromatographic techniques. Little, if any, 14C was associated with 17–hydroxyprogesterone, testosterone and androstenedione. The lack of radioactivity associated with 17– hydroxyprogesterone confirms previous observations that this steroid is apparently not synthesized by rat adrenals. However, the finding of appreciable 14C associated with 17–hydroxypregnenolone in both groups of rat adrenals indicates the presence in these PMS—treated rats of adrenal 17ahydroxylase acti...
The performance of two popular service measures on management effectiveness in inventory control

Service is one of the inventory managers' concerns and is frequently incorporated into the ordering decisions. Since there are multiple measures of service available for evaluating the efficiency of an inventory system, a comparative study is necessary and has not been addressed in the literature. This paper evaluates two popular service measures, which are the probability of no stockout during lead time and the fill rate, in the context of continuous inventory systems. The performance of the two measures is examined by evaluating the tradeoff among the cost, the level of service, and the inventory turnover ratio.
Labor induction versus expectant management for postterm pregnancies: a systematic review with meta-analysis

Abstract Objective To compare routine labor induction with expectant management for patients who reach or exceed 41 weeks’ gestation. Data sources Computerized databases, references in published studies, and textbook chapters in all languages were used to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating induction and expectant management of labor for postterm pregnancies. Methods of study selection We identified RCTs that compared induction and expectant management for uncomplicated, singleton, live pregnancies of at least 41 weeks’ gestation and evaluated at least one of the following: perinatal mortality, mode of delivery, meconium-stained fluid, meconium aspiration syndrome, meconium below the cords, fetal heart rate (FHR) abnormalities during labor, cesarean deliveries for FHR abnormalities, abnormal Apgar scores, and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions. The primary outcomes assessed were cesarean delivery rate and perinatal mortality. Tabulation, integration, and results Sixteen studies met inclusion criteria for this review. For each study with binary outcomes, an odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was calculated for selected outcomes. Estimates of ORs for dichotomous outcomes were calculated using fixed and random-effects models. Homogeneity was tested across the studies. Compared with women allocated to expectant management, those who underwent labor induction had lower cesarean delivery rates (20.1% versus 22.0%) (OR 0.88; 95% CI 0.78, 0.99). Although subjects whose labor was induced experienced a lower perinatal mortality rate (0.09% versus 0.33%) (OR 0.41; 95% CI 0.14, 1.18), this difference was not statistically significant. Similarly, no significant differences were noted for NICU admission rates, meconium aspiration, meconium below the cords, or abnormal Apgar scores. Conclusion A policy of labor induction at 41 weeks’ gestation for otherwise uncomplicated singleton pregnancies reduces cesarean delivery rates without compromising perinatal outcomes.
Stress erythropoiesis: new signals and new stress progenitor cells.

Purpose of reviewAcute anemic stress induces a physiological response that includes the rapid development of new erythrocytes. This process is referred to as stress erythropoiesis, which is distinct from steady state erythropoiesis. Much of what we know about stress erythropoiesis comes from the ana
How Research Space Is Created in a Diverse Research World.

Abstract About a decade ago it was suggested (Belcher, 1997) that increasing diversity among professional academics writing in English, i.e., the growing presence of women and those (both men and women) from outside the Anglophone “inner circle” (Kachru, 1992), was exerting mounting pressure on established academia for greater tolerance of non-traditional, non-adversarial approaches to academic discourse. To what extent an increase in rhetorical diversity, however, has actually occurred in high-stakes, published academic writing has remained an open question. In an effort to address this question, research articles from 1996 through 2007 in three Anglophone language/literacy education journals were analyzed with attention given to the gender and cultural representativeness of the authors, and article introductions in all issues of two decade-apart volumes, 1996 and 2006, of the same journals were examined for their preferred style of argumentation, or more specifically, how they create a research space (Swales, 1990). The findings suggest improved diversity among contributors but less rhetorical diversity in their contributions than expected. Implications for second language writers whose goal is to publish in mainstream English-medium journals, and for those who wish to lend support to that goal, are discussed.
Integrating social justice with mathematics and science: An analysis of student teacher lessons

Abstract Student teachers have difficulty planning lessons that fully integrate social justice with mathematics/science content. This study was a content analysis of 26 poster presentations of mathematics or science lessons incorporating social justice issues made by student teachers (20F, 6M) at a mid-sized college in central New York State. The presented lessons applied four pedagogical approaches to integration (data collection followed by graphing analysis; discussion of text/video; modeling; library/internet investigation) and addressed three major social justice themes (diversity, system disparities in human communities, and in stewardship of earth). Deeper content knowledge, faculty lesson modeling/reflection and practice delivering lessons are recommended.
MRI and echocardiography in children: How do they compare?

Summary Clearly, both echocardiography and MRI play vital roles in the diagnosis and management of children with congenital heart defects. 2-D Doppler echocardiography is very easy to use in a vast array of clinical situations. The accuracy of the anatomic and hemodynamic findings are well accepted. In comparative studies, 2-D Doppler echocardiography appears preferable for intracardiac anatomy, whereas MRI appears preferable for extracardiac anatomy. In certain patients, Doppler echocardiography may not be able to optimally obtain the anatomic or hemodynamic information, and MRI should be used in these particular cases.
Examination of Ortho effects in the collisionally activated dissociation of closed‐shell aromatic ions

The collisionally activated dissociation of a variety of isomeric disubstituted aromatic ions formed by ion–molecule reactions were examined in order to characterize ortho effects in closed-shell systems. Closed-shell ions of methoxyacetophenone, hydroxyacetophenone, methoxyphenol, anisaldehyde and hydroxybenzaldehyde were formed by proton transfer, methyl addition or methyne addition by using dimethyl ether or ethylene oxide as chemical ionization reagents, and then the structures of these adducts were studied by deuterium-labelling methods and by collisionally activated dissociation techniques in a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer or a quadrupole ion trap. Typically, the meta and para isomers have qualitatively similar dissociation spectra which reflect the types of dissociation reactions observed for the corresponding monosubstituted aromatic ions. The predominant dissociation pathways of the [M + H]+ and [M + 15]+ ions are directed by the electron-withdrawing substituents, whereas the major dissociation pathways of the [M + 13]+ ions are related to the electron-releasing substituent. In contrast, the dissociation routes of the corresponding ortho isomers are dramatically different. This is attributed to the opportunity for functional group interactions of the ortho isomers which facilitate alternative pathways.
Mayer-sampling Monte Carlo calculations of methanol virial coefficients

We present virial coefficients of up to fourth order computed by Mayer-sampling Monte Carlo for three pair potentials of methanol: one parameterised to reproduce vapour–liquid coexistence and two others parameterised to reproduce quantum-mechanical dimer energies. We compare the resulting second and third virial coefficients with experimental values available in the literature. We further examine the virial coefficients within the context of the virial equation of state, computing vapour-branch spinodals, critical points and saturated-vapour compressibility factors. The results of the three potentials differ qualitatively, reflecting the primary differences in the parameterisation schemes.