cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: Review of 53 cases

Between 1976 and 1983, 53 cases of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia were documented at the Mayo Clinic. Underlying diseases included leukemia in 15 patients, lymphoma in nine, nonhematologic malignancies in five, acquired immune deficiency syndrome in two, an various inflammatory diseases treated by corticosteroids in 16 patients. Cytotoxic drugs with corticosteroids were used in 68 percent of patients, whereas 23 percent received corticosteroids alone. Clinical features consisted of progressive dyspnea (74 percent), cough (55 percent), and fever (62 percent), with normal findings on examination (43 percent), or crackles (53 percent). Arterial oxygen tension and oxygen saturation were 48.6 +/- 12.8 mm Hg and 81.2 +/- 6.5 percent, respectively. Chest roentgenographs exhibited diffuse alveolar and interstitial infiltrates with predominantly perihilar distribution. The diagnostic rates for open lung biopsy and bronchoscopy were 97 percent and 62 percent, respectively. Clinical improvement and survival following appropriate therapy were noted in 22 patients (41.5 percent), whereas the remaining 31 patients died within four weeks of hospitalization. When survivors were compared with nonsurvivors, there was no difference in mean age, leukocyte counts, arterial oxygen tension, or duration of symptoms before treatment. A coexisting pulmonary infection was identified more frequently in nonsurvivors (51.6 percent) than in survivors (22.7 percent, p = 0.01). The mortality from P. carinii pneumonia alone was 47 percent, whereas 76 percent of those with coexisting infection died. Despite antibiotic therapy and potentially effective chemoprophylaxis, P. carinii pneumonia remains a significant and life-threatening complication of diseases or treatments associated with immune suppression.
Capability maturity for knowledge management

The importance of knowledge management and knowledge engineering (KMKE) is now widely recognized. This suggests that greater attention is to be given to formal planning for KMKE activities. To assist in the planning, and to help institutionalize the techniques and activities of KMKE, we introduce a capability maturity model for KMKE. The model is loosely based on the software Capability Maturity Model of the Software Engineering Institute.
Effect of neutral red on carbohydrate levels in the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta (L.) (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae)

Abstract 1. 1. The effect of acute hemocoel injection (100 mg/kg) of neutral red on hemolymph trehalose and fat body glycogen has been examined in the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta (L.). 2. 2. Neutral red caused a 70% increase in hemolymph sugar 6 hr after injection. 3. 3. Hypertrehalosemia persisted for 18 hr and was followed by hypotrehalosemia. 4. 4. Fat body glycogen was unchanged up to 12 hr. 5. 5. A 60% glycogenolytic response was observed 48 hr after injection.
Recognition of fibrinogen by leukocyte integrins

Numerous studies have provided evidence that fibrinogen plays a multifaceted role in the immune and inflammatory response. The ability of fibrinogen to participate in the inflammatory response depends on its specific interaction with leukocyte cell surface adhesion receptors, integrins. Two leukocyte integrins, alpha M beta 2 (CD11b/CD18, Mac-1) and alpha X beta 2 (CD11c/CD18, p150,95), are the main fibrinogen receptors expressed on neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages and several subsets of lymphocytes. The recognition site for alpha M beta 2 has been previously mapped to the carboxyl-terminal globular gamma C domains (gamma 143-411) and two sequences, gamma 190-202 (P1) and gamma 377-395 (P2), were implicated as the putative binding sites. We now demonstrate that a second leukocyte integrin, alpha X beta 2, which is highly homologous to alpha M beta 2, mediates adhesion of the alpha X beta 2-bearing cells to the D fragment and to the recombinant gamma-module, gamma 143-411. Within the gamma C domain, alpha X beta 2 may recognize P1 and P2 sequences since synthetic peptides duplicating these sequences effectively inhibits adhesion of the alpha X beta 2-expressing cells to the D fragment. In addition, neutrophil inhibitory factor, NIF, a potent inhibitor of alpha X beta 2, also inhibited alpha X beta 2-mediated cell adhesion. These data suggest that recognition of the gamma C domain of fibrinogen by alpha M beta 2 and alpha X beta 2 may have common structural requirements.
EGTA and proteinase reversal of cellular aggregation of activated lymphocytes

ABUNDANT evidence indicates that cellular aggregation is essential for cellular cooperation in a number of physiological events, including embryogenesis and morphogenesis1. Cell-to-cell contact has been observed in lymphoid–macrophage cell cultures activated by antigens2,3; furthermore, it is recognised that proliferative responses to mitogenic lectins are dependent upon contact between cells4,10. To date, the nature of the cellular associations in lymphoid–macrophage cultures activated by antigens and mitogens has not been clarified. We designed the present study to evaluate some aspects of cellular associations in lymphoid–macrophage cultures activated by a variety of antigens and the mitogenic lectin, phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). Enhanced cellular aggregation was observed in cultures activated by all agents tested. Time and temperature experiments indicate that aggregation is an active process, distinct from passive agglutination. The cellular association is sensitive to proteinase and the calcium chelator, EGTA, suggesting that both proteins and calcium are essential for the cell aggregation of activated cultures.
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the lung with unique histological pattern and association with Sjögren's disease and systemic lupus erythematosus

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) of the lung is a rare condition. Radiological properties and clinical presentation of this disease can mimic malignant process. We present a case of IMT of the lung in a 58 year old female patient with a single lung nodule. Tumor was unencapsulated, firm, and well circumscribed. Microscopically tumor had multinodular structure with single or multiple small blood vessels in the center of each nodule surrounded in circular pattern by connective tissue containing spindle cells embedded into the thick layers of extracellular matrix. Extracellular matrix was identified as type I and type III collagen fibrils embedded into type IV collagen and laminin. The tumor was surrounded by T-, B-lymphocytes and polyclonal plasma cells. Histological organization of this lesion's stromal component was unique, but cell composition was similar to inflammatory pseudotumor of the lung. In addition, tumor tissue sections exhibited strong positivity for IgG, weak positivity for IgA, 1Cq, but were negative for IgM, and C3. Mutational analysis of the EGFR, KRAS genes and ALK locus rearrangement were performed and did not reveal any mutations. This is the first report of an IMT associated with Sjogren's disease, systemic lupus erythematosus and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma developing in the lungs. Patient was clinically followed up for 18 months and no recurrence of the tumor observed.
Marine Littoral Copepods From Jamaica

En mai et en juin 1964 des collections de Copepodes ont ete faites dans la region cotiere de la Jamaique pour identifier les especes qui vivent parmi et au-dessus des algues. Il est question ici de treize Harpacticoides, d'un Cyclopoide et de trois Calanoides. Le Diarthrodes tetrastachyus est decrit comme une nouvelle espece; le Tisbe bermudensis Willey et le Metamphiascopsis hirsutus bermudae (Willey) sont decrits d'une facon plus detaillee qu'auparavant. Enfin est examinee la diffusion de quelques especes de Copepodes par rapport a des courants oceaniques.
Structural Enhancement of Learning.

Abstract Structural learning aids, such as interactive overviews (IOs), have previously been shown to facilitate text comprehension and recall. In this study, we examined the effects of structural aids on learners’ structural knowledge and their performance on a procedural transfer task. In Experiment 1, 90 college students were presented definitions of computer programming concepts in an IO that was structured alphabetically, randomly, or in accordance with experts’ structural knowledge. Learning was assessed by examining students’ acquired knowledge structures and performance on a procedural transfer task that required integration and elaboration of the learned material in ways that went beyond the strictly definitional information provided during training. Students taught with the expert-structured IO acquired better knowledge structures and performed better on the transfer task than those using the other IOs. Experiment 2, utilizing 101 college students, showed that the visible structure, rather than the navigational constraints, of the expert IO was largely responsible for this advantage.
Novel Therapeutic Targets for Antiarrhythmic Drugs

George Edward Billman ed. 573 pages. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley and Sons, Inc, 2010. $149.95. ISBN: 978-0-470-26100-2 When I read about the evils of drinking, I gave up reading.” —Henny Youngman All of us who see patients are frustrated by the paucity of antiarrhythmic drug options. There are many reasons for this unfortunate situation, some of which, like projected sales volumes and patent issues, are situational and irrelevant to science. Perhaps the most important reason for the lack of choices is an inadequate understanding of pathophysiology. Our inability to appropriately target therapies has led to overtreatment. In essence, we have had to resort to broad spectrum or shotgun therapy to be able to quell arrhythmias in as many people as possible. The situation is analogous to treating pneumonia without knowing the pathogen. The consequence of poorly focused treatment is unintended toxicities, including proarrhythmia. And nobody wants to develop or approve unsafe drugs. Clearly, there is a need for a more targeted approach to the development and deployment of antiarrhythmic drugs, and this book is an admirable attempt to find a way. The editor solicited ideas from eminent scientists, and their chapters are illuminating and far reaching. In addition to the traditional categorization by ion channel effect, the chapters consider more global issues, such as understanding repolarization reserve and the genetics underlying drug response. Most importantly, the editor has encouraged blue sky thinking in …
Quasi-linear Series in 3-D Electromagnetic Modeling

Summary We have recently introduced a quasi-linear (QL) approximation for the solution of the 3-D electromagnetic modeling problem. In this paper we discuss an approach to improving its accuracy by considering the QL approximations of the higher orders. This approach can be considered the natural generalization of the Born series. We use the modified Green’s operator with the norm less than 1 to ensure the convergence of the higher orders QL approximations to the true solution. This new approach produces the always converged QL series, which makes it possible to estimate the accuracy of the conventional QL approximation without direct comparison with the rigorous full integral equation (IE) solution. It also opens principally new possibilities for fast and accurate 3-D EM modelling and inversion.
A Three-Step Method for Teaching the Principles of Evolution to Non-Biology Major Undergraduates

A method for teaching the principles of evolution in a 50-minute lecture for undergraduate non-biology majors is described. The method “unpacks” evolution into three observable, factual occurrences: replication (R, reproduction), variation (V, differences between parent and offspring and siblings), and selection (S, nonrandom differential survival of offspring). This method has been particularly effective in demonstrating to students that evolution is the factual, unintended consequence of three independent phenomena (R, V, S).
Stem cells from bone marrow, umbilical cord blood and peripheral blood for clinical application: current status and future application☆

Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) has progressed rapidly during the past two decades to that of a treatment of choice as a therapeutically effective modality for the treatment of selected patients with malignant disease and non-malignant hematological disorders. However, its use is limited by availability of human leukocyte antigens (HLA)-matched donor cells, engraftment and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Prevention of GVHD, improvement in the speed and quality of marrow reconstitution, and screening of new immunomodulating agents which improve engraftment and augment hemopoiesis are intense areas of investigation. To this end there has clearly been progress in purification and characterization of human stem cells from different tissue sources. Discussed in this review are: (a) stem cell purification, characterization and ex vivo expansion; (b) bone marrow stem cell transplantation; (c) cord blood stem cell transplantation; (d) peripheral blood stem cell transplantation; (e) fetal liver stem cell transplantation; (f) in utero stem cell transplantation; and (g) evaluation of the capacity of stem cells to serve as targets for gene therapy.
cDNA cloning and functional expression of the Schistosoma mansoni protective antigen triose-phosphate isomerase

Abstract M.1 monoclonal antibody has previously been shown to passively transfer partial resistance to schistosome infection within mice and to recognize a 28-kDa antigen that has peptide sequence homology with triose-phosphate isomerase (TPI; D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate ketol-isomerase, EC 5.3.1.1). We have now isolated the complete coding DNA for Schistosoma mansoni TPI and confirmed that this cDNA encodes the 28-kDa antigen recognized by M.1. The predicted translation product has strong homology with other TPIs, particularly from higher eukaryotes, and the sequence homology is greatest in regions known to form the active site. The complete coding DNA has been expressed within an Escherichia coli host to produce high levels of soluble, recombinant S. mansoni TPI protein. The product is recognized and purified by the M.1 antibody and is a functional TPI with an intrinsic specific activity comparable to that of rabbit and yeast TPI.
The heat of dimerization of acetic acid and the heat of decomposition of ammonium acetate as determined by FTIR spectroscopy

Abstract Using FTIR spectroscopy − (60.3±2.5) kJ·mol −1 has been obtained for the heat of dimerization of gaseous acetic acid and (110±4) kJ·mol −1 has been obtained for the heat of decomposition of solid ammonium acetate into the gases ammonia and acetic acid monomer. The former value agrees well with previous studies where errors due to wall adsorptions were avoided. The value for the decomposition of ammonium acetate is the first to be directly determined by experiment.
Modeling the Reaction of Fe Atoms with CCl4

The reaction of iron atoms with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in gas phase was studied using density functional theory. A recent experimental study (Parkinson, G. S.; Dohnalek, Z.; Smith, R. S.; Kay, B. D. J. Phys. Chem. C 2009, 113, 1818) of this reaction, performed by dropping Fe atoms into CCl4 deposited on a cold FeO(111) surface, demonstrates rich chemistry with several products (C2Cl4, C2Cl6, OCCl2, CO, FeCl2, and FeCl3) observed. The reactions of Fe with CCl4 was studied under three stoichiometries, one Fe with one CCl4, one Fe with two CCl4 molecules, and two Fe with one CCl4, modeling the stoichiometric, CCl4-rich, and Fe-rich environments of the experimental work. The electronic structure calculations give insight into the reactions leading to the experimentally observed products, in particular with regard to the formation of FeCl3 and other oxygen containing compounds that are not predicted from the simplest reactive model of successive Cl atom abstractions. They rather suggest that novel Fe−C−Cl...
Analyzing use cases for knowledge acquisition

The analysis of use cases describing construction of simulation configuration files in a data/information management system can lead to the acquisition of new information and knowledge. In this application, a user creates a use case with an eXtensible Markup Language (XML) description representing a configuration file for simulation of a physical system. INtelligent agents analyze separate versions of the XML descriptions of a user and additionally, make comparisons of the descriptions with examples form a library of use cases. The agents can then make recommendations to a user on how to proceed or if tutoring is necessary. In a proof-of-concept test, new information is acquired and a user learns from the agent-facilitated tutoring.
Blood oxygen level–dependent measurement of acute intra-renal ischemia

Blood oxygen level–dependent measurement of acute intra-renal ischemia. Background Ischemic nephropathy is a common cause of end-stage renal disease. Exploration of the mechanisms of deterioration of renal function is limited due to lack of noninvasive techniques available to study the single kidney. The Blood Oxygen Level–Dependent (BOLD) MRI method can measure deoxyhemoglobin and therefore indirectly estimates renal oxygen content, but has never been evaluated in renal artery stenosis (RAS). This study was therefore designed to test if BOLD can detect the characteristic of renal hypoxia induced by RAS. Methods RAS was induced in 8 pigs using an occluder placed around the right renal artery. Renal blood flow (RBF) was measured continuously with an ultrasound probe. BOLD signal was measured bilaterally in the cortex and medulla (as the slope of the logarithm of MR signal) at baseline and at the lower limit of RBF autoregulation. The measurements were then repeated during six sequential graded decreases in RBF (80 to 0% of baseline) and during recovery. Results During the control period, BOLD signals were not significantly different between the right and the left kidneys. In the occluded kidney, BOLD signal of the cortex (19.3 ± 1.9/s) and the medulla (17.3 ± 2.0/s) increased during occlusion gradually and significantly ( P Conclusion This study shows that the BOLD technique can noninvasively detect change in intra-renal oxygenation during an acute reduction of RBF. This study provides a strong rationale for developing the BOLD method for the detection and evaluation of renal hypoxia induced by RAS, which may be potentially applicable in humans.
Prevalence of youth substance use: the impact of methodological differences between two national surveys

This study compared two major Federally sponsored surveys of adolescent substance use and assessed the impact that methodological differences have on the prevalence estimates they generate. The Monitoring the Future Survey, a school-based survey, was compared to the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, a household survey of the population aged 12 years and older. Response rates were higher in the household survey due to high rates of refusal in the school based survey. The school survey has a larger overall sample size, but sampling errors more similar than one might expect, because of the larger design effects in the school survey. Rates of drug use obtained were larger in the school survey than in the household survey, possibly because of greater under-reporting in the household setting than in the classroom and the different questionnaires used in the two surveys.
Gestion endovasculaire d’un anévrysme thoracoabdominal rompu–Contrôle avec exclusion thoracique par stentgraft et cheminée dans l’artère mésentérique supérieure

Nous rapportons un cas de gros anevrysme de l’aorte thoracoabdominale rompu, qui a ete stabilise par exclusion aortique endovasculaire et cheminee de l’artere mesenterique superieure (SMA). Une femme afro-americaine de 80 ans avec des comorbidities medicales multiples et une cure anterieure ouverte d’anevrysme de l’aorte abdominale sous-renale se presentait avec un anevrysme de l’aorte thoracoabdominale rompu de 10,7 × 7,3 cm impliquant les origines des arteres renales et mesenterique. La patiente a eu une reparation aortique endovasculaire en urgence avec mise en place d’un stent couvert dans la SMA parallele au stentgraft aortique. Cette technique etait au debut un succes en stabilisant cliniquement la patiente ; cependant ; 3 semaines apres la premiere intervention, elle se presentait avec une nouvelle rupture rendant necessaire une extension proximale de la cheminee de la SMA et un stentgraft aortique dans l’aorte thoracique descendante moyenne. La patiente a ete stabilisee avec succes et est rentree chez elle.
Information Technology Knowledge and Skills for MBAs: Non-MIS Faculty's Perspective

Abstract This article presents the results of research on the controversial issue of content and structure of information technology courses in MBA programs offered by AACSB-accredited schools of business. Results suggest that one MIS course is insufficient to provide MBAs with the skills and knowledge needed to compete in the marketplace as determined by a survey of non-MIS faculty. Requirements for upgrade and improvement of course content by subject areas are outlined for two courses: one for beginners and another for intermediate-level students.
Applying Confucian Ethics to International Relations

China's vast borders and unique geographical conditions predisposed it to a hierarchically arranged multi-state “zoning system,” first instituted in the Chou dynasty's (13th-8th centuries B.C.) feudal network. “The Mandate from Heaven” embodied the moral implications and its “judging god” that the Chou incorporated into their political ethics of a system of a universal state. The Mandate essentially reflected the will of the people and stated that rulers could be removed if they failed to fulfill their prescribed Mandate. As the foundation for Confucian ethics, the Mandate was the guiding force of any political or social choice based on benevolence and humanism, jen and li, respectively. Drawing on the writings of two ancient Chinese philosophers, Motzu (ca. 479–390 B.C.) and Mencius (ca. 370–296 B.C.), Hsu shows how the Confucian virtues of governing emphasized that only a compassionate and just king would be supported by the people, would be able to avoid violence, and would promote moral values among the citizenry. According to Confucius, only moral individuals can create a moral order at every level of society and therefore a moral world with China at its center. The Confucian sino-centric concept of morality and ethics, which dictated both domestic and international policies, maintained that through good government and internal peace and prosperity, China would play a leadership role in the world and serve as a universal paradigm for other nations.
FINITE DIFFERENCE TREATMENT OF IRREGULAR INTERFACES: AN ERROR ANALYSIS

The application of finite difference schemes to handle a horizontal interface between two media gives numerically adequate results, as evidenced in the solution of parabolic wave equations with density variations. Using the same finite difference schemes for handling a stair-step approximation to an irregular interface gives satisfactory results provided that the slope angle is small, but a small error is introduced. In the event that the slope angle is not small, this error has to be handled carefully since it may influence the results. Using an analysis of the error, this paper derives a closed form expression for a correction term. An irregular interface can then be handled adequately by the same numerical treatment used for the horizontal interface by applying this correction term. A test case is presented to demonstrate the inaccuracy of using one standard numerical horizontal interface treatment and to show how our new development improves the accuracy.
Patterns of self-disclosure in homosexual and heterosexual college students

Two hypotheses concerning self-disclosure were investigated and confirmed in the present study, comparing homosexual and heterosexual college students. The first hypothesis was that self-disclosure, as measured by the Jourard Self-Disclosure Questionnaire, would be positively correlated with psychological femininity. The second hypothesis was that homosexual males and heterosexual females would exhibit similar patterns of high disclosure and femininity. No significant differences were found in total disclosure between homosexuals and heterosexuals, although homosexuals disclosed less to father, and more to friends than to parents. The conclusion was that psychological femininity and masculinity are more important than biological sex in determining self-disclosure.
Mathematical approach to steganalysis

A mathematical approach to steganalysis is presented in this paper with linear steganography being the main focus. A mathematically formal definition of steganalysis is given followed by definitions for passive and active steganalysis. The steganalysis problem is formulated as blind system identification and conditions for identifiability (successful steganalysis) are derived. A procedure to systematically exploit any available spatial and temporal diversity information for efficient steganalysis is also discussed. Experimental results are given for steganalysis of Gaussian distributed, spread spectrum image steganography and watermarking. The proposed technique is observed to produce impressive results for a variety of performance measures. Based on the results we conclude that a common belief, namely, spread spectrum steganography/watermarking is secure because of the low strength, noise-like message carrier is not valid anymore within the current context. Therefore, new questions regarding steganography security that differ from the standard information theoretic notion are raised and some answers are provided.
Using a Non-Averaged Displacement Analysis to Characterize Multiple Populations of Single Molecule Motions

Microscopic motions of fluorescently labeled single molecules often switch between bound, freely diffusing, and uni-directionally moving states, and in many systems (see below) determining the kinetics of transitions between these states is important for establishing basic molecular mechanisms. Techniques such as a mean squared displacement (MSD) analysis average populations and thus cannot resolve multiple states of motion. By plotting non-averaged rather than mean displacements of simulated trajectories, we show that states of motion can be resolved and analyzed to determine the kinetics of transitions between dynamic states. We have applied this technique to several different dynamic systems. First, we show that submaximal velocities of partially activated thin filament motility result from switching between an “on” and “off” state, and that the level of activation increases with a decrease in the lifetime of the “off” state. Second, we show that submaximal myosin-based actin sliding velocities observed at low myosin densities result from a similar switching between “on” and “off” states. Next, we use this technique to analyze the dynamics of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) moving on actin-myosin filaments in smooth muscle cells, where the lifetime of the paused states could give potential insight into the kinetics of smooth muscle phosphorylation by MLCK. Finally, we apply this technique to vesicle motility in 3T3 L1 to determine the kinetics of vesicle pausing. In general, a non-averaged displacement analysis provides a simple approach for determining the kinetics of transitions between dynamic states of single molecules.
Case 55: Large right mandibular mass

A six-year-old boy was referred to the Oral Surgery Service at the Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Hanover, New Hampshire with right submandibular swelling. The child's mother first noticed the asymmetry one month prior to the referral and believed it to be rapidly enlarging. There was no associated pain, fever" dysphagia, paresthesia, or limitation of motion. Both patient and parent denied any history of trauma, recent dental intervention, or prior radiation therapy. The past medical history was entirely unremarkable, and a complete review of systems was noncontributory. No history of foreign travel or close association with pets or farm animals was elicited. No illnesses were reported in the immediate household. On clinical examination the patient was healthy-appearing, afebrile, and behaving appropriately, with a 5 x 7 em firm, nontender, nonulcerated, nonerythematous mass projecting in an inferior and medial direction from the right body of the mandible (Fig. I). The mass itself was firm but not bone-hard and was fixed to the mandible. Bimanual palpation revealed extension to the midline. No bruits or thrills were noted. There was no cervical lymphadenopathy and no thyroid enlargement. Intraoral examination revealed a full range of mandibular motion with normal dentition and gingival architecture. No fluctuance or elevation of the floor of the mouth was seen. Normal flow was evident from major salivary ducts bilaterally. The remainder of the head and neck examination was within normal limits. Cardiothoracic auscultation revealed a regular rhythm of 80 bpm, without murmurs, and normal breath sounds bilaterally. The abdomen was soft without masses, and the extremities displayed a full range of motion. Neurologic and dermatologic examinations were unremarkable. The mass was examined with plain films, xeroradiograms, and a computed tomographic (CT) scan. A welldefined radiolucency was detected in the right mandibular body subapical to the developing teeth, measuring approximately 2.5 x I cm (Fig. 2). There was no interruption of the inferior cortex. Bony trabeculae appeared to emanate from the inferior cortex in a perpendicular fashion into the soft tissue mass (Fig. 3). This was highlighted on the xerogram (Fig. 4). The CT scan showed erosion of the lingual cortex at the level of the first per-
SECOND LAYER MIGRATION WITH TRAPPING ON FIRST LAYER SITES: HYDROGEN, NITROGEN, AND CARBON MONOXIDE ON TUNGSTEN.

Abstract Second layer migration of hydrogen, nitrogen and carbon monoxide with trapping on first layer sites of tungsten is observed with a field emission microscope. The initial deposition on the tungsten surface at 4.2 °K is made with molecular beams with the tungsten emitter axis perpendicular to the beam direction. The migration of the deposit is effected at temperatures far below those for which the chemisorbed layer is mobile. The shapes of the sharp line boundaries as the second layer migrates over the chemisorbed layer and onto the clean tungsten substrate are quite different for the three gases observed. It is proposed that, in addition to the barrier effects of certain planes of the tungsten, the density of trap sites on the clean surface determines the boundary configuration.
Optimal price skimming by a monopolist facing rational consumers

This paper considers the intertemporal pricing problem for a monopolist marketing a new product. The key feature differentiating this paper from the extant management science literature on intertemporal pricing is the assumption that consumers are intertemporal utility maximizers. A subgame perfect Nash equilibrium pricing policy is characterized and shown to involve intertemporal price discrimination. We compare this policy to the optimal policy for a monopolist facing myopic consumers and find that for any given state, prices are always lower with rational consumers than with myopic consumers. For plausible parameter values the assumption of consumer rationality can be shown to lead to large differences in optimal prices. Moreover, if a monopolist facing rational consumers implements the optimal myopic consumer pricing policy, profits can be significantly less than if the monopolist follows the equilibrium pricing policy for rational consumers.
Reusing 60GHz Radios for Mobile Radar Imaging

The future of mobile computing involves autonomous drones, robots and vehicles. To accurately sense their surroundings in a variety of scenarios, these mobile computers require a robust environmental mapping system. One attractive approach is to reuse millimeterwave communication hardware in these devices, e.g. 60GHz networking chipset, and capture signals reflected by the target surface. The devices can also move while collecting reflection signals, creating a large synthetic aperture radar (SAR) for high-precision RF imaging. Our experimental measurements, however, show that this approach provides poor precision in practice, as imaging results are highly sensitive to device positioning errors that translate into phase errors. We address this challenge by proposing a new 60GHz imaging algorithm, {\em RSS Series Analysis}, which images an object using only RSS measurements recorded along the device's trajectory. In addition to object location, our algorithm can discover a rich set of object surface properties at high precision, including object surface orientation, curvature, boundaries, and surface material. We tested our system on a variety of common household objects (between 5cm--30cm in width). Results show that it achieves high accuracy (cm level) in a variety of dimensions, and is highly robust against noises in device position and trajectory tracking. We believe that this is the first practical mobile imaging system (re)using 60GHz networking devices, and provides a basic primitive towards the construction of detailed environmental mapping systems.
Molecular constants of axially symmetric molecules from simultaneous analysis of ground-state combination differences

Abstract A single analytical expression which represents all ground-state combination differences for an axially symmetric molecule is given in terms of B0, D0JK, D 0 J , etc. A simultaneous least squares analysis of all observed ground-state combination differences for a particular molecule, using an expression of this type, should lead to values of B0, D0JK, D 0 J , etc., which are self-consistent and are the best values which may be obtained from a given set of data. An additional term may be added to obtain q in the event that the normal degeneracy of the upper K′ = l = ±1 levels is removed, e.g., by Coriolis resonance, by l-type doubling, etc.
Glucose preference and caloric regulation in weanling rats with ventromedial and dorsomedial hypothalamic lesions.

Weanling male rats received electrolytic lesions in the ventromedial (VMN) and dorsomedial (DMN) hypothalamic nuclei, respectively. A third group of rats served as sham-operated controls (CON). After the two hypothalamic syndromes had been well established, the animals were subjected to (1) a glucose preference test assessing the choice between a 10% w/v and a 35% w/v d-glucose solution, and (2) a test examining the anorexigenic effect of intraperitoneally injected glucose. Weanling rats with VMN lesions, like their mature counterparts, consistently preferred the stronger over the weaker glucose solution throughout the experiment (16 days). Weanling DMN rats, on the other hand, showed a bimodal response, initially like that of the CON rat, toward the end of the experiment, like that of the VMN rats. The weanling CON animals behaved differently from their mature counterparts, inasmuch as their preference for the dilute solution became evident only toward the latter part of the test. An analysis of the calorie intake shows that calories from glucose are similar in all three groups of rats, that the pattern and magnitude of caloric intake in DMN and CON rats are almost identical, and that the total calorie intake (from chow plus glucose) is reduced in the DMN rats because the calorie component from chow is profoundly reduced. In response to intraperitoneally injected glucose, VMN rats show a longer depression of food intake than has been reported for mature VMN rats. The CON and DMN rats recovered quicker and reached pre-injection levels of food intake sooner than the VMN rats. The data indicate that in the weanling VMN rat, as in its mature counterpart, the VMN are involved in long-term feeding behavior and do respond to the metabolic signal arising from administered glucose. Nevertheless, the principle factor in their preference seems to be taste rather than solely a metabolic signal. The data also show that the DMN are less involved in this sensing and integrating mechanism. In essence, the DMN rat functions quite normally, but its control system is set at a subnormal level.
Effective Couples Therapy and Psych 101: You Can't Have One Without the Other

Presumably all marital and family therapists have taken Psychology 101 as an undergraduate and/or its analog, Human Development or Life Span Development, during their graduate training. Influenced ...
Characterization of ten novel microsatellite markers in Awaous guamensis with comments on cross amplification in congeners and other amphidromous fish native to Hawai’i

Ten polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated for the Awaous guamensis, an amphidromous gobiid common to the Hawai’ian islands. The loci show a moderate to high degree of allelic diversity and observed levels of heterozygosity ranged from 0.13 to 0.87. Most loci conformed to Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) and showed little evidence of linkage disequilibrium (LD). Our results indicate that all of the markers will be useful for assessing gene flow and population structure among evolutionary lineages of A. guamensis, and many could be useful for similar studies of congeners and other species native to Hawai’i.
Outdoor Recreation Participation Across the Lifespan: Abandonment, Continuity, or Liberation?.

The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which outdoor recreation participation changes across the lifespan. Age differences and age changes in leisure involvement were examined withi...
Effects of Trophic Skewing of Species Richness on Ecosystem Functioning in a Diverse Marine Community

Widespread overharvesting of top consumers of the world’s ecosystems has “skewed” food webs, in terms of biomass and species richness, towards a generally greater domination at lower trophic levels. This skewing is exacerbated in locations where exotic species are predominantly low-trophic level consumers such as benthic macrophytes, detritivores, and filter feeders. However, in some systems where numerous exotic predators have been added, sometimes purposefully as in many freshwater systems, food webs are skewed in the opposite direction toward consumer dominance. Little is known about how such modifications to food web topology, e.g., changes in the ratio of predator to prey species richness, affect ecosystem functioning. We experimentally measured the effects of trophic skew on production in an estuarine food web by manipulating ratios of species richness across three trophic levels in experimental mesocosms. After 24 days, increasing macroalgal richness promoted both plant biomass and grazer abundance, although the positive effect on plant biomass disappeared in the presence of grazers. The strongest trophic cascade on the experimentally stocked macroalgae emerged in communities with a greater ratio of prey to predator richness (bottom-rich food webs), while stronger cascades on the accumulation of naturally colonizing algae (primarily microalgae with some early successional macroalgae that recruited and grew in the mesocosms) generally emerged in communities with greater predator to prey richness (the more top-rich food webs). These results suggest that trophic skewing of species richness and overall changes in food web topology can influence marine community structure and food web dynamics in complex ways, emphasizing the need for multitrophic approaches to understand the consequences of marine extinctions and invasions.
Revision of Denver Prescreening Developmental Questionnaire.

The Denver Prescreening Developmental Questionnaire (PDQ), a parent-answered questionnaire, has been revised to extend the age of children who can be screened to those from 6 years down to birth, to make the test items more challenging for children and more informative for parents, and to make it easier for professionals to compare a child's performance with Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST) norms. This Revised PDQ (R-PDQ) identified 84% of nonnormal DDST results. Test-retest reliability over 1 week was 94.1%, and parent-teacher agreement was 83%. A field test of the R-PDQ, conducted in a variety of settings with 1434 children, revealed that suspect scores on first-stage screening varied with the setting, from 15.6% in private pediatric practices to 50.5% in Head Start and urban day care centers. Parents found the R-PDQ interesting and easy to complete; health professionals found it economical and easy to interpret. We recommend that the R-PDQ be coupled with a brief developmental examination, and that the R-PDQ be coupled with a brief developmental examination, and that the R-PDQ be used in busy office settings and community mass screening programs.
Developing a Contemporary Patient-Reported Outcomes Measure for Spinal Cord Injury

Abstract Tulsky DS, Kisala PA, Victorson D, Tate D, Heinemann AW, Amtmann D, Cella D. Developing a contemporary patient-reported outcomes measure for spinal cord injury. Objective To develop a spinal cord injury (SCI)-specific patient-reported outcome (PRO) measure of health-related quality of life (QOL) covering multiple domains of functioning, including physical, emotional, and social health. Design Focus groups. Setting Four SCI Model Systems rehabilitation hospitals. Participants Individuals with SCI (n=65) and clinicians (n=42). Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measure Spinal Cord Injury Quality of Life Measurement System (SCI-QOL). Results Qualitative analysis yielded 3 domains of primary importance: physical-medical health, emotional health, and social participation. Results were used to guide domain and item decisions in the development of the SCI-QOL PRO measurement system. Qualitative data were used to develop item pools with item content specific to individuals with SCI across a wide spectrum of functioning. When possible, items from other major measurement initiatives were included verbatim in the item pools to link the measurement systems and facilitate cross-study and cross-population comparisons. Conclusions Issues that affect individuals' QOL after SCI are varied and several issues are unique to individuals who have had a traumatic injury. From these qualitative data, 3 major domains and 18 subdomains of functioning were identified. Item pools were developed in each of these 18 areas to measure functioning related to physical-medical issues, emotional status, and social participation.
Flexible frameworks for medical multimedia

The next generation of medical systems will integrate multimodality and multimedia data from a variety of sources to aid individual ysicians in providing the best treatment and care for their patients and to help researchers understand patterns of disease in collections of large databases. We promote a principle of maximum flexibility for the design of these systems to accommodate new developments in medical imaging and bioinformatics. We present several characteristics of flexible systems that support medical multimedia. We illustrate how these characteristics can be applied within diverse medical research and clinical therapy environments through two in-depth case studies. Within these examples, we describe how specific emerging technologies, including the semantic web and publish and subscribe networking, can enhance the flexibility of medical multimedia architectures.
Calmodulin wraps around its binding domain in the plasma membrane Ca2+ pump anchored by a novel 18-1 motif.

Using solution NMR spectroscopy, we obtained the structure of Ca2+-calmodulin (holoCaM) in complex with peptide C28 from the binding domain of the plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA) pump isoform 4b. This provides the first atomic resolution insight into the binding mode of holoCaM to the full-length binding domain of PMCA. Structural comparison of the previously determined holoCaM·C20 complex with this holoCaM·C28 complex supports the idea that the initial binding step is represented by (holoCaM·C20) and the final bound complex by (holoCaM·C28). This affirms the existing multi-step kinetic model of PMCA4b activation by CaM. The complex exhibits a new binding motif in which holoCaM is wrapped around helical C28 peptide using two anchoring residues from the peptide at relative positions 18 and 1. The anchors correspond to Phe-1110 and Trp-1093, respectively, in full-length PMCA4b, and the peptide and CaM are oriented in an anti-parallel manner. This is a greater sequence distance between anchors than in any of the known holoCaM complexes with a helical peptide. Analysis of the geometry of holoCaM-peptide binding for the cases where the target peptide adopts an αD-helix with its anchors buried in the main hydrophobic pockets of the two CaM lobes establishes that only relative sequential positions of 10, 14, 17, and 18 are allowed for the second anchor.
Prehistoric Freshwater Mussel Faunas from Bayou Bartholomew, Southeastern Arkansas

We present data on two prehistoric freshwater mussel (Unionidae) shell assemblages from Bayou Bartholomew, a free-flowing stream in Drew County, southeast Arkansas. The Taylor (3DR2) and Tillar Farms (3DR30) sites provided large shell samples from Baytown (seventh century A.D.) and Mississippian (fifteenth century A.D.) contexts, respectively. Comparison between prehistoric and modern assemblages shows some negative effects on fauna from increased turbidity, a phenomenon that may have begun in prehistoric times. In general, however, despite decades of intensive agriculture and other landscape modifications in the area, historical impacts on molluscan faunas in the Bayou have been unusually minor as compared to other waterways in eastern North America. These data emphasize the value of zooarchaeological remains as they pertain to modern landmanagement issues.
Translation of procollagen messenger RNA in a cell free system derived from wheat germ: hydroxylation of prolyl residues in the product.

Ribonucleic acid extracted from chick embryo calvaria directs the synthesis of a collagenous product in a cell free system. A portion of the prolyl residues incorporated into this protein can be hydroxylated in vitro by prolyl hydroxylase as demonstrated by the release of 3H-H2O from 3H-proline and by the direct demonstratio of 3H-hydroxyproline in acid hydrolysates of the product. Thirty percent of potential sites become hydroxy ated in the in vitro reaction using either cell-free product or an underhydroxylated collagen extracted from chick calvaria. Neither prolonged incubation nor increased levels of enzyme increased the extent of hydroxy ation in either substrate.
THE ASPIRIN (ASA) BLEEDING TIME (BT) - A SCREENING TEST FOR EVALUATION OF BLEEDING DISORDERS

In an attempt to elucidate the usefulness of the BT poat ASA ingeation, this test was done with other tests of coagulation in 30 controls and 77 patients evaluated for a possible bleeding diathesis. Coagulation studies included FT, PTT, TT, VIII AHF & AGN, IX, XI, XIII, platelet retention and aggregation, and nodified Ivy BTs pre and 2 hrs. post 600 mgma ASA. The mean control BT in 25 normals was 3.6′ ± 3.2′ (3 SD). Following ASA the BT was 6.4′ ± 4.1′ (3 SD). 5/30 “controla” without bleeding histories had abnormal BTs poat ASA. In thla group, 4 were proven to have unrecognized von Willebrand's disease (VWD) and one a platelet defect. Of the 77 patients studied, 23 had initial BTs that were abnormal (21 with VWD and 2 with platelet defects). Of the remaining 54 with initially normal BTs, 32 had abnormal BTs post ASA. 18/32 had VWD at their first evaluation. In 8/32, however, the abnormal BT poat ASA waa the only abnormality at initial evaluation. On repeated teating, these patients were also shown to have VWD. 6/32 with abnormal BTs poat ASA were found to have platelet abnormalities. The remaining 22 patients had normal BTs pre and poat ASA. 17/22 revealed no hemoatatic abnormality. In 5 eventually proven to have VWD, the BT poat ASA was normal. The uae of the BT poat ASA ralaed the aenaltivity of the BT as a screening test from 35% to 92% in the abnormal patient population. We conclude that the BT poat ASA is a valuable screen in the evaluation of possible hemoatatic defects.