cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Die Wassergas-Shift-Reaktion in der organischen Synthese

Seit ihrer Entdeckung vor mehr als hundert Jahren hat die Wassergas-Shift-Reaktion (WGSR) entscheidende Bedeutung in der industriellen Chemie, indem sie den Wasserstoff zur Beschickung grundlegender grostechnischer Prozesse wie der Haber-Bosch-Synthese von Ammoniak liefert. Obwohl die Produktion von Wasserstoff immer noch die Hauptanwendung der WGSR ist, markierte die Einfuhrung der homogenen Katalyse in den 1970er Jahren den Beginn einer Synergie zwischen der WGSR und der organischen Chemie. Dabei wurde das Reduktionsvermogen des CO/H2O-Paars in der Synthese von Feinchemikalien nicht nur fur Hydrierungsreaktionen genutzt, sondern auch fur katalytische Prozesse, deren Umsatz einen Reduktionsschritt im Katalysezyklus erfordert. Ungeachtet des Potenzials und der einzigartigen Eigenschaften der WGSR sind ihre Anwendungen in der organischen Synthese bisher noch wenig entwickelt. Dieses Thema wird hier kritisch besprochen in der Hoffnung, dass eine erhohte Wahrnehmung zu neuen, kreativen Arbeiten auf dem Gebiet anregt.
Smart Global Talent Management: A Promising Hybrid

To more effectively address challenges of our increasingly global workplace, this chapter presents a promising fusion of two important areas of applied research: knowledge management and talent management. The mixture of these two conceptual orientations into a theoretical hybrid for directing future global business practice, which we call “smart global talent management,” merges the strengths of each approach, yet combined they also are able to surmount the shortcomings of each. We first will examine the strengths and limitations of each individual approach and then discuss the important advantages of our merged conceptual model for directing future research and practice in human resource management within a global context.
Development of a novel series of non-natural triaryl agonists and antagonists of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa LasR quorum sensing receptor

Bacterial chemical communication, through a process called quorum sensing (QS), plays a central role in infection in numerous bacterial pathogens. Quorum sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa employs a series of small molecule receptors including the master QS regulator, LasR. In this study we investigate a non-natural triaryl series of LasR ligands using a combination of structure activity relationship studies and computational modeling. These studies have enabled the identification of key structural requirements for ligand binding and have revealed a new strategy for inducing the therapeutically relevant antagonism of LasR.
Effect of channel geometry on flow reversal in microchannel evaporators

Abstract Boiling instability and periodic flow reversal are commonly seen in microchannel heat exchangers, but have been studied in air conditioning systems only recently. The amount and frequency of reverse flow largely depends on the geometry of the channels. This paper presents results obtained in a R134a automotive air conditioning system operated under flash gas bypass mode with venting of reversed vapor (to provide better control of the flow). Results for multiple microchannel evaporators with different channel diameters and lengths are presented. The mass flow rate and frequency of reversed vapor are measured for each geometry. Meanwhile, a mechanistic model is developed to simulate the bubble dynamics inside of a single microchannel tube. This model is validated against experimental data and employed to explain the effect of channel length and diameter on flow reversal. Both experimental and simulation results show that larger channel diameter and longer channel length result in less flow reversal with a lower frequency.
Intravenous tranexamic acid reduces total blood loss in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: a prospective, double-blinded, randomized, controlled trial.

Background Patients undergoing reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) are at risk of significant perioperative blood loss. To date, few studies have examined the effectiveness of tranexamic acid (TXA) to reduce blood loss in the setting of RTSA. Methods In a prospective, double-blinded, single-surgeon trial, we analyzed 102 patients undergoing primary RTSA who were randomized to receive intravenous TXA (n = 53) or placebo (n = 49). Calculated total blood loss, drain output, and hemoglobin (Hb) drop were measured. Postoperative transfusions were recorded. Complications were assessed out to 6 weeks postoperatively. Results Total blood loss was less for the TXA group (1122.4 ± 411.6 mL) than the placebo group (1472.6 ± 475.4 mL, P P P = .001). Transfusion rates differed significantly at postoperative day 1; however, overall transfusion rates did not vary significantly. Seven patients (14.3%) and 12 units were transfused in the placebo group compared with 3 patients (5.7%) and 3 units in the TXA group. Discussion In this cohort of patients undergoing primary RTSA, TXA was effective in reducing total drain output, total Hb loss, and total blood loss compared with a placebo control.
Electro-textiles as potential candidate of flexible MRI RF coil for stroke prevention

RF coils are essential part of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), which is a widely used imaging modality nowadays. Flexible surface RF coils are desired for potential higher signal to noise ratio (SNR) and ergonomic advantages. Electro-textiles are explored as potential candidate for MRI RF surface coils. A Flexible MRI RF coil for transmission or reception using electro-textiles is designed, fabricated and measured for 1.5Tesla MRI. The design of the prototype is targeted towards the carotid artery imaging to prevent strokes, which is one of the leading cause of death world wide. The S11 is −19.8dB at resonant frequency of 122MHz. H1+ field with different conformal radius is shown to demonstrate its potential advantage to increase MRI image quality.
Rapid Molecular Profiling of Defined Cell Types Using Viral TRAP

Translational profiling methodologies enable the systematic characterization of cell types in complex tissues, such as the mammalian brain, where neuronal isolation is exceptionally difficult. Here, we report a versatile strategy for profiling CNS cell types in a spatiotemporally restricted fashion by engineering a Cre-dependent adeno-associated virus expressing an EGFP-tagged ribosomal protein (AAV-FLEX-EGFPL10a) to access translating mRNAs by translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP). We demonstrate the utility of this AAV to target a variety of genetically and anatomically defined neural populations expressing Cre recombinase and illustrate the ability of this viral TRAP (vTRAP) approach to recapitulate the molecular profiles obtained by bacTRAP in corticothalamic neurons across multiple serotypes. Furthermore, spatially restricting adeno-associated virus (AAV) injections enabled the elucidation of regional differences in gene expression within this cell type. Altogether, these results establish the broad applicability of the vTRAP strategy for the molecular dissection of any CNS or peripheral cell type that can be engineered to express Cre.
Repeatability of vessel density measurement in human skin by OCT-based microangiography.

PURPOSE To investigate the repeatability of vessel density measurement at human arm skin in healthy subjects with OCT-based microangiography (OMAG). METHODS Four locations including volar wrist, volar forearm, shoulder, and volar upper arm were scanned using an optimized swept source OCT system, working at center wavelength of 1300 nm and A-line rate of 100 kHz. Three scans were acquired at each location at the same visit. Vascular images of papillary dermis, reticular dermis, and the whole dermis layer were generated with OMAG processing and automatic segmentation algorithms. The vessel density (VD) of each layer was calculated based on vascular images, and the repeatability of the VD at the same physiological location was thereafter assessed. RESULTS Fifteen healthy volunteers were included. High repeatability of VD was found for wrist, forearm, shoulder, and upper arm (coefficient of variation (CV)=2.4, 2.7, 2.7, 2.0, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)=0.906, 0.854, 0.943, 0.916 respectively). The VD measurements showed no significant difference between the four locations in any of the three layers, ie papillary layer (P=.1063), reticular layer (P=.3371), and whole dermis layer (P=.3233). CONCLUSION Quantification of VD by using OCT/OMAG is repeatable when imaging skin tissue beds in healthy individuals.
Lateral diffusion and signaling of receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE): a receptor involved in chronic inflammation

Membrane diffusion is one of the key mechanisms in the cellular function of receptors. The signaling of receptors for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) has been extensively studied in the context of several pathological conditions, however, very little is known about RAGE diffusion. To fill this gap, RAGE lateral diffusion is probed in native, cholesterol-depleted, and cytoskeleton-altered cellular conditions. In native GM07373 cellular conditions, RAGE has a 90% mobile fraction and an average diffusion coefficient of 0.3 μm2/s. When depolymerization of the actin cytoskeleton is inhibited with the small molecule jasplakinolide (Jsp), the RAGE mobile fraction and diffusion coefficient decrease by 22 and 37%, respectively. In contrast, depolymerizing the filamentous actin cytoskeleton using the small molecule cytochalasin D (CD) does not alter the RAGE diffusion properties. There is a 70 and 50% decrease in phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK) when the actin cytoskeleton is disrupted by CD or Jsp, respectively, in RAGE-expressing GM07373 cells. Disrupting the actin cytoskeleton in GM07373 cells that do not express detectable amounts of RAGE results in no change in p-ERK. Cholesterol depletion results in no statistically significant change in the diffusion properties of RAGE or p-ERK. This work presents a strong link between the actin cytoskeleton and RAGE diffusion and downstream signaling, and serves to further our understanding of the factors influencing RAGE lateral diffusion.
A Sliding Mode Controller Incorporating Matching Conditions Applied to Manipulators

Abstract Controller design for a path tracking problem associated with a robotic manipulator is considered. The manipulator dynamics are assumed to admit parameter uncertainties and disturbances with input uncertainties satisfying a matching condition. The special structure inherent in the dynamic equations for manipulators is exploited to design appropriate controllers based on the theory of variable structure systems (VSS). These controllers though similar in spirit to what has been proposed in the prior literature employ a rather simple way of imposing the so-called sliding conditions. The applicability of the proposed controllers is verified by simulation studies on a three-degree-of-freedom robotic manipulator subjected to a variable payload and a torque disturbance
Non-adiabatic behavior in the homolytic and heterolytic bond dissociation of protonated hydrazine: A guided ion beam and theoretical investigation

Threshold collision-induced dissociation using a guided ion beam tandem mass spectrometer was performed on protonated hydrazine and its perdeuterated variant. The dominant dissociation pathways observed were endothermic homolytic and heterolytic cleavages of the N–N bond. The data were analyzed using a statistical model after accounting for internal and kinetic energy distributions, multiple collisions, and kinetic shifts to obtain 0 K bond dissociation energies. Comparison with literature thermochemistry demonstrates that both channels behave non-adiabatically. Heterolytic bond cleavage yields NH2+ + NH3 products, but the NH2+ fragment is in the spin-restricted excited 1A1 state and not in the spin-forbidden ground 3B1 state, whereas homolytic bond cleavage leads to dissociation to the NH3+ + NH2 product asymptote with NH2 in its excited 2A1 state rather than the energetically favored 2B1 state. The rationale for the non-adiabatic behavior observed in the homolytic bond cleavage is revealed by detailed t...
Small Collision Systems at RHIC

The observation of long range correlations in highly asymmetric systems, as in p +Pb and d +Au collisions, suggests a creation of a medium with collective behavior. It is still an open question if the quark-gluon plasma is formed in these collision. Hence, the RHIC collider invested time to study the small systems in different collision systems and energies. Here we discuss the recent results from the PHENIX and STAR collaborations in four different collision systems p +Al, p +Au, d +Au and 3 He+Au at sNN = 200 GeV, and also for the energy scan in d +Au collisions between sNN = 19.6 – 200 GeV.
Walk score® versus residents’ perceptions of walkability in omaha, ne

With an easily accessible online interface, Walk Score® has emerged as one of the most popular metrics to assess walkability, both within and outside academia. Based primarily on accessibility to c...
Neurology and Interpersonal Behavior: The Basic Challenge for Neurosociology

The theory of mind, as presently constituted, needs to be recast in a more sociological and evolutionary light. The process of intersubjectivity revolves around a series of interpersonal processes that can, I believe, be better conceptualized by extending G. H. Mead’s notion of role-taking. In this chapter, I emphasize that intersubjectivity is achieved through simultaneous and complex processes revolving around the interpersonal capacities of humans for (1) role-taking and role-making, (2) status-taking and status-making, (3) culture-taking and culture-making, (4) motive-taking and motive-making, (5) emotion-taking and emotion-making, and (6) attribution-taking and attribution-making. Some of these behavioral capacities are evident in extant primates, but during the course of hominin evolution, the neurology of the hominin brain was rewired to increase dramatically the ability to engage these six interpersonal processes. Sociality and group formation are not natural to an evolved ape; they are the outcomes of rewiring the neurology of hominin brains over the last eight million years. This rewiring makes humans more social than the great apes, but it is a sociality that is precarious because of the lack of bio-programmers (in the brain) for strong social ties and cohesive group structures. Strong ties and stable group structures for humans are mediated by these six evolved interpersonal capacities, and at best, they only assure that rates of sociality and group formation will be higher among humans than great apes. But, as is all too evident, social relations and groups are precarious constructions that are often breached and that equally often break apart—thus illustrating that social structures among humans are not held together by powerful bio-programmers, as is the case with most other mammals.
Venous Thrombolysis and Thrombectomy for Deep Venous Thrombosis

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) has an incidence of nearly 1 million cases per year in the United States alone. VTE encompasses deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) [1].
QAMEM: query aware memory energy management

As memory becomes cheaper, use of it has become more prominent in computer systems. This increase in number of memory modules increases the ratio of energy consumption by memory to the overall energy consumption of a computer system. As Database Systems become more memory centric and put more pressure on the memory subsystem, managing energy consumption of main memory is becoming critical. Therefore, it is important to take advantage of all memory idle times and lower power states provided by newer memory architectures by placing memory in low power modes using application level cues. While there have been studies on CPU power consumption in Database Systems, only limited research has been done on the role of memory in Database Systems with respect to energy management. We propose Query Aware Memory Energy Management (QAMEM) where the Database System provides application level cues to the memory controller to switch to lower power states using query information and performance counters. Our results show that by using QAMEM on TPC-H workloads one can save 25% of total system energy in comparison to the state of the art memory energy management mechanisms.
Harmful ETI Hypothesis Denied: Visiting ETIs Likely Altruists

In the spring of 2010, after completing a new series for television, Stephen Hawking expressed his concern about any attempts to make contact with ETIs (extraterrestrial intelligences). He hypothesized that direct ETI contact would result in harm to our species. In this chapter we will examine the harmful ETI hypothesis of Hawking. We will demonstrate that this hypothesis is not logically consistent with what we know about the physical universe and the evolution of life on Earth. If anything, visiting ETIs will turn out to be altruists. We will demonstrate that the harmful ETI hypothesis necessarily leads to logical inconsistencies with the physical laws of the known universe. The efforts required to travel interstellar distances necessarily force ETIs to be altruists or remain in their corner of the galaxy.
New Particle Production in Hadronic Interactions

For many years the fundamental building blocks of the universe were thought to comprise only three types of quarks plus 4 types of leptons. In 1974, a new particle J(1) with 3 times the mass of the proton and 1000 times longer life time than an otherwise similar vector meson, e.g. the ρ meson, was discovered in proton-nucleus interactions. The J particle is currently being interpreted as the bound state of a charmed quark anti-quark system. To understand the nature of the charmed quarks and to find out how many other new quarks there are, an enormous experimental effort has been expended to study the decay and the production of the J particle with various beams on many different targets, and also to search for more J like particles to much higher masses. Hadronic production is a powerful tool for the following reasons 1) the cm energy √s available in a proton accelerator is higher than in other types of accelerators. 2) The intense hadron beams available allow high sensitivity to be achieved in the particle search. 3) One can vary the type of beams and targets in the experiments to have a better understanding of the nature of the production mechanism. 4) The mass spectrum in the final state covers wide range and therefore is suitable for searching for new particles with unknown masses. 5) One can study the correlations between the new particle with the rest hadrons.
Bulk Si Micromachining for Integrated Microsystems and MEMS Processing

The ability to etch deep, high-aspect ratio, anisotropic, Si features has opened up new areas of application for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices, as well as revolutionized the conception and implementation of “mixed technology” integration and packaging. For MEMS devices, deep, high-aspect ratio Si etching enables increases in capacitance, “Z” dimension stiffness, mass, and actuation force for a wide range of components such as accelerometers, gyros, and electrostatic drives. Thus, device functionality and sensitivity can be improved. For example, current surface micromachined devices can be used as sensors for airbag applications; however, with the improved performance and sensitivity offered by deep silicon trench etching these designs may become useful for micro-navigation applications. Perhaps even more importantly, this new capability may enable the utilization of MEMS-type processing to the development of entirely new markets and applications. In addition to its use as a process module in MEMS processing, deep Si trench etching also has notable applications to packaging and systems integration. The development of integrated microsystems and advanced packaging capabilities in an integrated circuit (IC) batch manufacturing technology will lower cost, reduce size and weight, and improve performance and reliability [1]. A complete integrated microsystem could include sensors, actuators, electronics, fluidics, and optics in a variety of material systems on a single chip or in a single package. For example, deep anisotropic features could be etched into a Si wafer to accurately locate discrete components while maintaining system planarity. In this chapter we will discuss potential applications of this emerging technology.
FREE WATER CLEARANCE DECREASE AFTER INTRACAROTID (ICA) ANGIOTENSIN II (A-II) IN CONSCIOUS SHEEP

Publisher Summary In an experiment described in the chapter, in four conscious water-loaded sheep, angiotensin II (AII) was infused into both carotid arteries at levels that produced low physiological A-II in the cerebral blood supply. The infusion rate was 24–32 ng/min, producing a carotid artery blood concentration of approximately 5–7 ng/100 ml. Normal sheep A-II is about 1 ng/100 ml of blood and 5–7 ng/100 ml represents levels attained in mild to moderate Na deficiency. Consecutive clearance periods were of 20 min duration. Two control periods were followed by 2–3 periods of intracarotid (ICA) A-II infusion and four recovery periods. The chapter presents data that support a physiological role for A-II in the regulation of water excretion in conscious sheep. Because identical levels of A-II infused IV did not alter BP, GFR or CH 2 O, it is suggested that the action of ICA A-II is directly upon receptors controlling vasopressin secretion located within the distribution of the carotid arteries.
Growth, carcass composition and plasma melatonin in postpubertal beef heifers fed melatonin.

Two experiments were conducted to determine if feeding melatonin alters plasma concentrations of melatonin, growth and carcass composition of postpubertal beef heifers exposed to 16 h light (L):8 h dark (D). In Exp. 1, 16 heifers were blocked by initial body weight (318 +/- 5.6 kg). Four heifers were killed before starting the melatonin treatment to obtain initial carcass composition. Six heifers received vehicle (95% ethanol) and six were fed melatonin (4 mg/100 kg body weight) daily for 58 d at 1330 to coincide with the middle of the 16-h light period. On d 59 heifers were slaughtered. Melatonin feeding increased the percentage of fat in rib (P less than .05) and longissimus muscle (LD; P less than .10) and carcass fat accretion 28% (P less than .09) but reduced the percentage of protein 8% in rib (P less than .05) and carcass protein accretion 30% (P less than .09). Other measures in the carcass and body weight gain were not affected (P greater than .10) by feeding melatonin. Plasma concentrations of melatonin increased (P less than .01) from 10 to 140 pg/ml within 30 min of feeding melatonin. In Exp. 2, 24 heifers were blocked by initial body weight (348 +/- 13.7 kg). Eight heifers were killed initially, eight received vehicle and eight were fed melatonin for 63 d as described in Exp. 1. Melatonin did not influence (P greater than .10) body weight gain or any measure in the carcass; however, these heifers were fatter (40.1%) than those in Exp. 1 (30.9%) at the beginning of the experiment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Predicate Transformer wp

Our task is to define the commands (statements) of a small language. This will be done as follows. For any command S and predicate R, which describes the desired result of executing S, we will define another predicate, denoted by wp(S,R), that represents (7.1) the set of all states such that execution of S begun in any one of them is guaranteed to terminate in a finite amount of time in a state satisfying R. □
Employment, Crime, and Deviance Across the Life-Course

Employment and labor market conditions have been studied extensively in criminology. While it would seem all but certain that unemployment and economic disadvantage promote crime, early macro-level research produced inconsistent and mixed results. More recently, micro-level and more sophisticated macro-level studies have demonstrated a complex relationship between employment, crime, and deviance. After explaining the great variety of roles in which employment is postulated to play in the most prominent theories of crime, this chapter describes the role of employment in the context of the life-course principles as outlined by Elder in order to highlight some of the less obvious ways in which employment impacts crime and deviance more generally that are perhaps deserving of more attention. Next, research on the manner in which employment shapes and is shaped by delinquency and crime from adolescence to adulthood, including the transition between these life stages, is reviewed. In closing, this chapter notes several of the many areas in which further research is needed, where the gaps are the largest, and arguably the greatest impact can be made.
Genetic Neuroimaging of Social Perception

The response dynamics of brain structures supporting social perception vary substantially between individuals. Imaging genetics research has begun to map specific neuromodulatory pathways contributing to the emergence of such interindividual variability. Here, we review exemplary studies identifying contributions of genetically driven variability in key neuromodulatory pathways to individual differences in brain function supporting core aspects of social perception such as vigilance for threat and motivation for reward. We further highlight emerging neuromodulatory pathways for future work and suggest steps for extending the value of imaging genetics in understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of social perception.
BIIB093 (IV glibenclamide): an investigational compound for the prevention and treatment of severe cerebral edema

Introduction: Brain swelling due to edema formation is a major cause of neurological deterioration and death in patients with large hemispheric infarction (LHI) and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), especially contusion-TBI. Preclinical studies have shown that SUR1-TRPM4 channels play a critical role in edema formation and brain swelling in LHI and TBI. Glibenclamide, a sulfonylurea drug and potent inhibitor of SUR1-TRPM4, was reformulated for intravenous injection, known as BIIB093.Areas covered: We discuss the findings from Phase 2 clinical trials of BIIB093 in patients with LHI (GAMES-Pilot and GAMES-RP) and from a small Phase 2 clinical trial in patients with TBI. For the GAMES trials, we review data on objective biological variables, adjudicated edema-related endpoints, functional outcomes, and mortality which, despite missing the primary endpoint, supported the initiation of a Phase 3 trial in LHI (CHARM). For the TBI trial, we review data on MRI measures of edema and the initiation of a Phase 2 trial in contusion-TBI (ASTRAL).Expert opinion: Emerging clinical data show that BIIB093 has the potential to transform our management of patients with LHI, contusion-TBI and other conditions in which swelling leads to neurological deterioration and death.
Electrical Properties of Ta 2 H

Data have been obtained on the electrical resistivity, Hall effect, and thermoelectric power in ${\mathrm{Ta}}_{2}$H from low temperatures to above the hydrogen sublattice order-disorder transformation temperatures. Prominent manifestations of the ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{1}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\beta}}_{2}$ and ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{2}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\alpha}$ transformations are evident in the data, but no clear evidence was found for a splitting of the upper transition such as that reported in the calorimetric studies of Saba et al. Several features of the electrical properties are consistent with the existence of similar conduction-electron dispersions in ${\mathrm{Ta}}_{2}$H and Ta metal, but other factors appear to be inconsistent with this possibility. Hysteresis was observed in the electrical resistivity in the vicinity of the order-disorder transformations, and possible origins of this hysteresis are discussed. The Hall-effect data show that the majority charge carriers in ${\mathrm{Ta}}_{2}$H are holes.
The structure of Photosystem I acclimated to far-red light illuminates an ecologically important acclimation process in photosynthesis

Phototrophic organisms are superbly adapted to different light environments but often must acclimate to challenging competition for visible light wavelengths in their niches. Some cyanobacteria overcome this challenge by expressing paralogous photosynthetic proteins and by synthesizing and incorporating ~8% chlorophyll f into their Photosystem I (PSI) complexes, enabling them to grow under far-red light (FRL). We solved the structure of FRL-acclimated PSI from the cyanobacterium Fischerella thermalis PCC 7521 by single-particle, cryo-electron microscopy to understand its structural and functional differences. Four binding sites occupied by chlorophyll f are proposed. Subtle structural changes enable FRL-adapted PSI to extend light utilization for oxygenic photosynthesis to nearly 800 nm. This structure provides a platform for understanding FRL-driven photosynthesis and illustrates the robustness of adaptive and acclimation mechanisms in nature.
Self-reported health behaviors and longitudinal cognitive performance in late middle age: Results from the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention.

Background Studies have suggested associations between self-reported engagement in health behaviors and reduced risk of cognitive decline. Most studies explore these relationships using one health behavior, often cross-sectionally or with dementia as the outcome. In this study, we explored whether several individual self-reported health behaviors were associated with cognitive decline when considered simultaneously, using data from the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention (WRAP), an Alzheimer's disease risk-enriched cohort who were non-demented and in late midlife at baseline. Method We analyzed longitudinal cognitive data from 828 participants in WRAP, with a mean age at baseline cognitive assessment of 57 (range = 36-78, sd = 6.8) and an average of 6.3 years (standard deviation = 1.9, range = 2-10) of follow-up. The primary outcome was a multi-domain cognitive composite, and secondary outcomes were immediate/delayed memory and executive function composites. Predictors of interest were self-reported measures of physical activity, cognitive activity, adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet (MIND), and interactions with each other and age. We conducted linear mixed effects analyses within an Information-theoretic (IT) model averaging (MA) approach on a set of models including covariates and combinations of these 2- and 3-way interactions. The IT approach was selected due to the large number of interactions of interest and to avoid pitfalls of traditional model selection approaches. Results Model-averaged results identified no significant self-reported health behavior*age interactions in relationship to the primary composite outcome. In secondary outcomes, higher MIND diet scores associated with slower decline in executive function. Men showed faster decline than women on delayed memory, independent of health behaviors. There were no other significant interactions among any other health behaviors and cognitive trajectories. Conclusions When multiple covariates and health behaviors were considered simultaneously, there were limited weak associations with cognitive decline in this age range. These results may be explained alone or in combination by three alternative explanations: 1) the range of cognitive decline is in middle age is too small to observe relationships with health behaviors, 2) the putative associations of these health behaviors on cognition may not be robust in this age range, or 3) the self-reported measures of the health behaviors may not be optimal for predicting cognitive decline. More study may be needed that incorporates sensitive measures of health behaviors, AD biomarker profiles, and/or other disease comorbidities.
Genetic and Rare Disease Diagnoses: A Review of Resources for Patients and Health Care Professionals

This article reviews genetic and rare disease resources from the National Library of Medicine and National Institutes of Health that assist patients and their families to decipher the complexity of rare and genetically related diseases. Librarians can use these resources to guide those seeking genetic information that encompasses the medical, social, psychological, and financial aspects of living with a rare disease. Physicians and healthcare professionals will find these resources helpful when assisting patients and engaging in genetic research.
Investigating the Effects of Cross-Link Delays on Spacecraft Formation Control

In this paper, the ability to perform tight formation control in the presence of communication and measurement delays is investigated. The paper discusses cross-link requirements for formation control and compares centralized and decentralized control strategies. A simple two degree-of-freedom model with communication delays is introduced for analysis. A typical approach for systems with small time delays is to base the design on a nominal system model that does not contain the time delays. The limitations of this approach on stability and closed-loop bandwidth are discussed. Finally, the time delay is considered in the design of two control structures: state-feedback and state-feedback with integral feedback. The effects of the time delay on stability, stability margins, and bandwidth are investigated. An example illustrating these effects is presented.
Big Data Management Obligation in Smart Grid Technologies, the Future of Tomorrow

A smart grid is an intellectual electricity grid that enhances the production, distribution and consumption of electricity across the insertion of Information and Communication Technologies on the electricity grid. In quintessence, smart grids bring profound modifications in the information systems that drive them, new data streams coming from the electricity grid, new participants such as regionalized producers of renewable energies, new uses such as electric vehicles and connected homes and new communicating equipment such as smart meters, sensors and remote control points. Altogether, this will result in an overflow of information, which the energy corporations will have to handle. Big data technologies propose proper solutions for utilities, although the decision regarding which big data technology to deploy is critical. In this paper, we present an overview of data management for smart grids, summarize the enhanced value of big data technologies for this type of data, and discuss the technical obligations, tools and key steps to employ big data solutions in the smart grid framework.
9. Influenza Vaccine Rates Amongst Patients With Limited English Proficiency In A Primary Health Care Clinic; Our 3 Years Experience

Background Influenza has been recognized to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. It was the cause of 10.1% of all deaths recorded on death certificates during the week ending January 20, 2018.In order to reduce the risk of influenza, Centers for Disease Control recommends that every person six months and older who have no contraindications be vaccinated with the influenza vaccine. Limited English Proficiency (LEP) describes individuals who have limited ability to speak, read, write or understand English language. Sadly, there is an increasing body of data that suggest that patients with LEP are less likely to seek out medical attention in a timely manner, are less adherent to medically recommended preventive and therapeutic measures. The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of acceptance of the Influenza vaccine amongst patients with LEP in our resident ran out-patient clinic.
Level and spatial pattern of overstory retention impose trade-offs for regenerating and retained trees

Variable retention (VR) has been adopted globally as an alternative to more intensive forms of regeneration harvest. By retaining live trees within harvest units, VR seeks balance among the commodity, ecological, and aesthetic values of managed forests. Achieving these multiple, often competing objectives requires an understanding of how level and spatial pattern of retention shape the abundance, growth, and mortality of regenerating and retained trees. Using long-term (18-19 yr) data from a regional-scale VR experiment, we explore the individual and interactive effects of retention level (15% vs. 40% of initial basal area) and pattern (dispersed vs. aggregated) on the post-harvest dynamics of forests of differing structure and seral composition. Level and pattern of retention imposed trade-offs for the density and growth of regenerating trees (≥0.1 m tall, <5 cm dbh) and ingrowth (trees attaining 5 cm during the study). Greater retention led to greater density of late-seral regeneration, but lower density of early-seral ingrowth, and slower growth of late-seral ingrowth. Dispersed retention enhanced the density of early- and late-seral regeneration (compared to aggregated treatments), but reduced the growth of early-seral ingrowth. We also observed trade-offs for retained trees. Lower retention enhanced the growth of smaller trees (<25 cm dbh), particularly in dispersed settings, but reduced the survival of larger trees, which were more susceptible to windthrow. Greater retention reduced the growth, but enhanced the survival of smaller trees. Pattern imposed similar trade-offs, with dispersed retention enhancing growth, but reducing survival of small trees. Finally, level and pattern resulted in trade-offs for productivity of regenerating vs. retained-tree cohorts. Ingrowth productivity was greater at lower retention and in aggregated treatments; retained-tree productivity was greater at higher retention and in dispersed treatments. Our results provide a unique, long-term perspective on the sensitivity of tree regeneration, growth, and mortality to key structural elements of VR systems. Strong responses to level and pattern of retention produce trade-offs for different ecological or resource objectives. Balancing these objectives may require the combined use of aggregates, dispersed retention, and clearings, to mimic the spatial heterogeneity of habitats, physical structures, and resource conditions that are produced by natural disturbances.
POLITICS AND PROPERTY IN NATURAL RESOURCES

Modern discussions of natural resources focus on increasing public control over extractive industries proposing measures that range from increasing the public's share of the gain via royalties and taxes to regulating extractive activities to prevent environmental problems to outright expropriation of private investments. This article argues that such efforts are counterproductive because the fundamental economic problem of natural resources is producing the knowledge necessary to locate and extract resource deposits. The public benefit comes from enabling the use of the resources and the increased economic activity their discovery produces rather than from royalties or expropriation. The key question in designing natural resource laws is thus their effects on the incentive to discover and manage resources. Private property rights in natural resources are the best way to provide such incentives. Fortunately, the combination of property rights and tort law principles (trespass and nuisance) enables property rights to solve environmental problems related to natural resource extraction as well.
Distinguishing feast-watching from cringe-watching: Planned, social, and attentive binge-watching predicts increased well-being and decreased regret:

This study seeks to add nuance to the definition of binge-watching by identifying the subtypes of the general practice that reflect viewer rituals, motives, and outcomes. The two subtypes are (1) t...
Commimity-Based Ecotourism and Sustainability: Cases in Bocas del Toro Province, Panama and Talamanca, Costa Rica

Tourism is one of the fastest growing industries in the global economy. Ecotourism, a sector of the larger tourism industry, focuses on protecting natural ecosystems while bringing benefits to local communities. To be sustainable, ecotourism projects must be carefully managed so that visitors do not damage isolated natural areas and cultures. Projects must be continually monitored to ensure they are run sustainably. Here, we establish a framework of sustainability indicators for evaluating community-based ecotourism projects. We then evaluate six ecotourism projects around Parque Internacional La Amistad, an international biosphere shared by Panama and Costa Rica. Evaluations are based on field visits conducted as part of a rapid assessments course at the Yale University School of Forestry and Environmental Studies. Finally, we recommend that the sustainability of projects can be increased through goal-setting, establishment of partnerships, and monitoring and evaluation of established projects.
Islamic Economics: Where from, Where To? (Muhammad Nejatullah Siddiqi)

The paper “Islamic Economics: Where From, Where To?” of Muhammad Nejatullah Siddiqi, a great scholar and pioneer of Islamic economics and finance, has addressed many important issues in Islamic finance and economics.
Trends in pediatric ocular trauma presenting to an ophthalmology-specific emergency department during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Because children remained at home throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, the potential existed for an increased rate of ocular injuries. We performed a retrospective chart review of children (≤18 years of age) presenting to an ophthalmology emergency department (ED) at a single institution from March 1 to August 31, 2020, to describe the trends in ocular trauma during the pandemic. Of the 10,738 ED patients, 6% (643) were children. Of these, 156 (24%) sustained ocular trauma. Although the overall number of visits was 44% lower than the same 6-month period in 2019, trauma-related visits were only 34% lower. The mean age was 9.1 ± 5.53 years (range, 4 months to 18 years) and over half (57%) of patients were male. Most closed-globe trauma was due to blunt (48.6%) or sharp (14.4%) objects, foreign bodies (23.3%), or chemical injuries (13.7%). Ten patients (6.4%) presented with an open globe. Blunt trauma was most common regardless of age; however, chemical injuries tended to occur in younger patients compared with all other diagnosis groups (4.7 ± 4.6 vs 9.7 ± 5.4 years; P = 0.0002). Although COVID-19 restrictions limited school, recreational activities, and team sports, ocular injuries remained prevalent in children.
Internet Appendix for: 'Market (In)Attention and the Strategic Scheduling and Timing of Earnings Announcements'

This Internet Appendix includes supplementary discussion and analyses. The original paper "Market (in)attention and the strategic scheduling and timing of earnings announcements" is available at the following URL: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2545966.
Bodies, Temporality, and Spatiality in Chen Chieh-Jen’s Lingchi: Echoes of a Historical Photograph (2002) and Factory (2003)

This article discusses Taiwanese artist Chen Chieh-Jen’s (1960-) two early videos Lingchi: Echoes of a Historical Photograph (2002) and Factory (2003). By revisiting a historical photograph taken by a French soldier in 1905 and articulated by French philosopher George Bataille in 1961, Chen reworks the internal genealogy of imperialist violence from late-nineteenth-century China to 1990s Taiwan in Lingchi. Lingchi reenacts a victim in the process of execution (death by a thousand cuts) from an old photo, which interrogates the violence of photography on a dying person and Bataille’s fetishisation of the cultural Other. In one scene, the camera enters the subject’s bodily orifices and shows two scenes: the sites of imperialist invasions in the early twentieth century as well as two laid-off women workers in 1990s Taiwan. Factory reorganises this group of laid-off women workers to work in the abandoned garment factory as if they stage a silent labour strike. This reenactment not only plays a prolonged and endless labour conundrum but also reveals the unequal economic relationship between Taiwan and the United States in Cold-War Taiwan, a continuation of imperialist domination in the postwar period. This article explores two dimensions: First, the aestheticisation of the suffering subject in Lingchi and how it debunks the Western gaze. Second, their communal subjects (the women workers) and the scenes in Lingchi and Factory reflect the continuation of imperialist domination in Taiwan under globalisation.
Accelerated Assessment of Critical Infrastructure in Aiding Recovery Efforts During Natural and Human-made Disaster

Relief and recovery from disasters (both natural and human-made) require a coordinated approach across several federal and state government agencies. In order to achieve optimal resource allocation and deployment of first responders, accurate and timely assessment of the impact and extent of destruction are the cornerstones to any recovery effort. Ideally, this knowledge should be gathered and shared within the first 0-24 hours (termed as "Acute Phase" by the U.S. CDC guideline) for informed decision-making. But achieving this poses significant challenges for the data collection and data harmonization processes, particularly when voluminous data are being generated from diverse and distributed sources during the disaster responses. To this end, this work developed a scalable and efficient workflow to dynamically collect and harmonize crowd-sourced geographic multi-modal data, and then assess critical infrastructure (CI) damaged during disaster events. We demonstrate the application of our framework with two real-world experiences in addressing post-disaster recovery efforts - for the Bahamas (Natural - due to Hurricane Dorian, 2019) and Beirut (Human-made - due to explosion caused by the ammonium nitrate stored in a warehouse, 2020). We have illustrated that a coordinated effort is needed for planning as well as for execution to achieve informed decision making.
Supramolecular Reinforcement of a Large Pore 2D Covalent Organic Framework

Two dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D-COFs) are a class of crystalline porous organic polymers that consist of covalently linked, two dimensional sheets that can stack together through non-covalent interactions. Here we report the synthesis of a novel COF, called PyCOFamide, which has an experimentally observed pore size that is greater than 6 nm in diameter. This is among the largest pore size reported to date for a 2D-COF. PyCOFamide exhibits permanent porosity and high crystallinity as evidenced by the nitrogen adsorption, powder X-ray diffraction, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. We show that the pore size of PyCOFamide is large enough to accommodate fluorescent proteins such as Superfolder green fluorescent protein and mNeonGreen. This work demonstrates the utility of non-covalent structural reinforcement in 2D-COFs to produce larger, persistent pore sizes than previously possible.