cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Is There an Asian Ethnic Disparity in Outcomes after Colectomy for Diverticulitis

METHODS: Retrospective analysis of the University of Wisconsin CRC database from 1995 to 2013 was used to identify patients diagnosed with stage III rectal cancer. Patients were divided into 3 lymph node ratio (LNR) and LODDS groups, based on the range of calculated values. Demographic and survival analyses were performed. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analyses. Log-rank test and Cox regression analyses were used to identify potential differences among groups.
Diaspora, Expatriates, and the Development of IT-Enabled Services in Kenya and South Africa

This paper analyzes the drivers and motivations of diaspora and expatriates who engage in transnational business and investment activities in Kenya and South Africa. The research is based on fieldwork conducted in Kenya and South Africa in 2009 and 2011, respectively. In this paper, I use biographical, interview, and secondary sources to unpack the drivers of diaspora and expatriate participation in the business process outsourcing sectors in both countries. I argue that diaspora and expatriates with a philanthropic interest in these regions help drive the process of creating and leveraging transnational connections for offshore investment and business opportunities. The returning diaspora are highly represented among those creating new firms or setting up subsidiaries of overseas firms. The non-returning diaspora help with sales and marketing opportunities overseas. In some cases, citizens from Kenya and South Africa become overseas diaspora in order to exploit transnational business opportunities. The expatriates behave in ways similar to the diaspora, both sourcing work opportunities and establishing subsidiary firms in these regions. These transnational business connections are often established for reasons other than or in spite of economic explanations for the globalization of trade and investment.
Predicting Thermal Transport in Bi2Te3: From Bulk to Nanostructures

Two-body interatomic potentials in the Morse potential form have been developed for bismuth telluride, and the potentials are used in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to predict the thermal conductivity of Bi2Te3 bulk, nanowires and few-quintuple thin films. The density functional theory with local density approximations is first used to calculate the total energies for many artificially distorted Bi2Te3 configurations to produce the energy surface. Then by fitting to this energy surface and other experimental data, the Morse potential form is parameterized. Molecular dynamics simulations are then performed to predict the thermal conductivity of bulk Bi2Te3 at different temperatures, and the results agree with experimental data well. We also predicted the thermal conductivity of Bi2Te3 nanowires with diameter ranging from 3 to 30 nm with both smooth (SMNW) and rough (STNW) surfaces. It is found that when the nanowire diameter decreases to the molecular scale (below 10 nm, or the so called "quantum wire"), the thermal conductivity shows significant reduction as compared to bulk value. We find the dimensional crossover behavior of thermal transport in few quintuple layer (QL) thin films at room temperature, and we attribute it to the interplay between phonon Umklapp scattering and boundary scattering. Also, nanoporous films show significantly reduced thermal conductivity compared to perfect thin films, indicating that they can be very promising thermoelectric materials.
Negative printing by soft lithography.

In inkless microcontact printing (IμCP) by soft lithography, the poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) stamp transfers uncured polymer to a substrate corresponding to its pattern. The spontaneous diffusion of PDMS oligomers to the surface of the stamp that gives rise to this deleterious side effect has been leveraged to fabricate a variety of devices, such as organic thin film transistors, single-electron devices, and biomolecular chips. Here we report an anomalous observation on a partially cured PDMS stamp where the transfer of oligomers onto Au occurred on regions that were not in contact with the stamp, while the surface in contact with the stamp was pristine with no polymer. On the SiO2 surface of the same chip, as expected, the transfer of PDMS occurred exclusively on regions in contact with the stamp. The printing on Au was quantified by a novel method where the submonolayer of PDMS transfer was measured by probing the local electrochemical passivation of the Au. The local transfer of polymer on SiO2 (and ...
Development of an Enabling Route to PF-00610355: A Novel Inhaled β2-Adrenoreceptor Agonist

The initial route used to prepare PF-00610355 (8) for early clinical development is described. Through careful choice of solvent, an efficient, telescoped route to carboxylic acid 23 was developed, affording this late-stage intermediate in 80% yield over 4 steps. Deprotection of 23 to give sodium salt 24a and coupling with amine 6·HCl afforded the desired API. Effective synthetic routes to two of the starting materials, chiral bromide 1 and amine 6, are also described.
Action of Ouabain upon Normal and Hypodynamic Myocardium.

SummaryThe action of ouabain upon force of contraction of guinea pig ventricular strips in phosphate and bicarbonate media was studied. A positive inotropic response occurred in both “fresh” and hypodynamic strips in phosphate medium, and also in bicarbonate medium.
Adrenal protein synthesis and corticosteroid production in man.

An intimate association between adrenal protein synthesis and the ACTH stimulation of corticosteroid production has been suggested on the basis of several careful studies (1, 2). The exact relationship between protein synthesis and hormone action has not been clearly defined, and most of the attempts to study this relationship have been done in vitro utilizing adrenals from animal sources. A previous attempt to study the association between protein synthesis and adrenal function in man was done in vivo with patients receiving fluorinated pyrimidines as cancer chemotherapy (3). Under the conditions of the study, it was impossible to demonstrate that the fluorinated pyrimidines had an inhibitory effect on adrenal function. Since species differences exist with regard to adrenal function, it was of interest to study the relationship in man between adrenal protein synthesis and corticosteroid production in vitro.Material and Methods. Adrenals were obtained at the time of operation from three patients undergoin...
Structural Gene Mutations Affecting Acetylcholinesterase and Choline Acetyltransferase Perturb Behavior and Development in a Simple Invertebrate

For cholinergic transmission, as for many other processes of biological interest, a genetic approach can sometimes offer advantages complementary to those of other approaches. Most notable amongst these advantages is the ability, by mutation, to alter specifically the products of individual genes which may be involved. Sometimes such mutations can serve to pinpoint the roles of already identified gene products, and in other cases mutations can serve to point out the unsuspected involvement of other gene products, whose nature remains to be worked out.
Analysis of Pulsed Laser Diode Driver Circuit

Performance of direct-modulating pulsed diode laser is dependent on large-current and narrow-width pulsed driver circuit.The equivalent driver circuit of pulsed LD is established.The LRC loop equation is modeled.The analytic solution is achieved by solving the linear constant coefficient second order homogeneous differential equation.The results compared with experiments reveal that when the condition R≥22～L/C is met,surgeless discharging current waveform can be achieved.The calculated crest value and pulse width of current are coincided with those of experiments.
INTRINSIC THRESHOLDS IN SOIL SYSTEMS

The threshold concept has been applied with considerable success to the understanding of geomorphic systems. Both intrinsic and extrinsic thresholds can be recognized in soil systems, but intrinsic thresholds have previously been largely ignored. Examples of intrinsic thresholds in soils include minimum levels of sesquioxides for immobilization of organic matter in spodic horizons, leaching of carbonates before clay movement can take place, and certain minimum clay mineral ratios before a pedogenic regime dominated by pedoturbation can occur. Recognition of intrinsic thresholds explains soil instability in the absence of environmental change.
Slow shell building, a possible trait for resistance to the effects of acute ocean acidification

Increasing anthropogenic carbon dioxide is altering marine carbonate chemistry through a process called ocean acidification. Many calcium carbonate forming organisms are sensitive to changes in marine carbonate chemistry, especially mollusk bivalve larvae at the initial shell building stage. Rapid calcification, limited energy reserves, and more exposed calcification surfaces, are traits at this stage that increase vulnerability to ocean acidification through our previously argued kinetic-energetic hypothesis. These developmental traits are common to broadcast spawning bivalve species that are the focus of most ocean acidification studies to date. Some oyster species brood their young, which results in slower development of the embryos through the initial shell formation stage. We examined the responses of the brooding Olympia oyster, Ostrea lurida, during their initial shell building stage. We extracted fertilized eggs from, O. lurida, prior to shell development, then exposed developing embryos to a wide range of marine carbonate chemistry conditions. Surprisingly, O. lurida showed no acute negative response to any ocean acidification treatments. Compared to the broadcast spawning Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, calcification rate and standardized endogenous energy lipid consumption rate were nearly 10 and 50 times slower, respectively. Our results suggest that slow shell building may lessen the energetic burden of acidification at this stage and provides additional support for our kinetic-energetic hypothesis. Furthermore, these results may represent an example of exaptation; fitness conveyed by a coopted trait that evolved for another purpose, a concept largely lacking in the current perspective of adaptation and global climate change.
Cardiovascular Disease Consequences of CKD

Summary: Chronic kidney disease, defined as reduced glomerular filtration rate (estimated using serum creatinine- and/or serum cystatin C–based equations) or excess urinary protein excretion, affects approximately 13% of adult Americans and is linked to a variety of clinical complications. Although persons with end-stage renal disease requiring chronic dialysis therapy experience a substantially high cardiovascular burden, whether mild-to-moderate chronic kidney disease is an independent risk factor for fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events has been more controversial. This review evaluates the current evidence about the clinical and subclinical cardiovascular consequences associated with chronic kidney disease of varying levels of severity. In addition, it discusses the predictors of adverse cardiovascular outcomes while also focusing on recent insights into the relationships between chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort study, a large current prospective cohort study of adults from across the spectrum of chronic kidney disease.
How Important Is Conflict Detection to the Conflict Resolution Task

To determine the capabilities and limitations of human operators and automation in separation assurance roles, the second of three Human-in-the-Loop (HITL) part-task studies investigates air traffic controller’s ability to detect and resolve conflicts under varying task sets, traffic densities, and run lengths. Operations remained within a single sector, staffed by a single controller, and explored, among other things, the controller’s conflict resolution performance in conditions with or without their involvement in the conflict detection task. Whereas comparisons of conflict resolution performance between these two conditions are available in a prior publication, this paper explores whether or not other subjective measures display a relationship to that data. Analyses of controller workload and situation awareness measures attempt to quantify their contribution to controllers’ ability to resolve traffic conflicts.
Chemical composition and methane potential of commercial food wastes.

There is increasing interest in anaerobic digestion in the U.S. However, there is little information on the characterization of commercial food waste sources as well as the effect of waste particle size on methane yield. The objective of this research was to characterize four commercial food waste sources: (1) university dining hall waste, (2) waste resulting from prepared foods and leftover produce at a grocery store, (3) food waste from a hotel and convention center, and (4) food preparation waste from a restaurant. Each sample was tested in triplicate 8 L batch anaerobic digesters after shredding and after shredding plus grinding. Average methane yields for the university dining, grocery store, hotel, and restaurant wastes were 363, 427, 492, and 403 mL/dry g, respectively. Starch exhibited the most complete consumption and particle size did not significantly affect methane yields for any of the tested substrates. Lipids represented 59–70% of the methane potential of the fresh substrates.
A connection between grad-div stabilized FE solutions and pointwise divergence-free FE solutions on general meshes

We prove, for Stokes, Oseen, and Boussinesq finite element discretizations on general meshes, that grad-div stabilized Taylor-Hood velocity solutions converge to the pointwise divergence-free solution (found with the iterated penalty method) at a rate of γ−1, where γ is the grad-div parameter. However, pressure is only guaranteed to converge when (Xh,∇ ·Xh) satisfies the LBB condition, where Xh is the finite element velocity space. For the Boussinesq equations, the temperature solution also converges at the rate γ−1. We provide several numerical tests that verify our theory. This extends work in [6] which requires special macroelement structure in the mesh.
Learning the Language of Home: Using Place-based Writing Practice to Help Rural Students Connect to Their Communities

The idea of "place" extends beyond the locations where people live. Place is a narrative which shapes identity and culture and provides an understanding of experience. By exploring place and the connections which evolve from place, an intriguing context begins to take a shape that inspires transformational ideas and actions. This article investigates how place-based writing practices affect rural middle school students’ connections with their home community as evidenced through their writing. This study follows the critical pedagogy of place theoretical framework and works to support best practices in rural education research. A qualitative case study design was used to conduct this study in a rural middle school in North Carolina.
Sex-specific effects of serum sulfate level and SLC13A1 nonsense variants on DHEA homeostasis

Abstract Context Sulfate is critical in the biotransformation of multiple compounds via sulfation. These compounds include neurotransmitters, proteoglycans, xenobiotics, and hormones such as dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). Sulfation reactions are thought to be rate-limited by endogenous sulfate concentrations. The gene, SLC13A1, encodes the sodium-sulfate cotransporter NaS1, responsible for sulfate (re)absorption in the intestines and kidneys. We previously reported two rare, non-linked, nonsense variants in SLC13A1 (R12X and W48X) associated with hyposulfatemia (P = 9 × 10− 20). Objective To examine the effect of serum sulfate concentration and sulfate-lowering genotype on DHEA homeostasis. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Academic research. Patients Participants of the Amish Pharmacogenomics of Anti-Platelet Intervention (PAPI) Study and the Amish Hereditary and Phenotype Intervention (HAPI) Study. Main outcome measures DHEA, DHEA-S, and DHEA-S/DHEA ratio. Results Increased serum sulfate was associated with decreased DHEA-S (P = 0.03) and DHEA-S/DHEA ratio (P = 0.06) in males but not females. Female SLC13A1 nonsense variant carriers, who had lower serum sulfate (P = 9 × 10− 13), exhibited 14% lower DHEA levels (P = 0.01) and 7% higher DHEA-S/DHEA ratios compared to female non-carriers (P = 0.002). Consistent with this finding, female SLC13A1 nonsense variant carriers also had lower total testosterone levels compared to non-carrier females (P = 0.03). Conclusions Our results demonstrate an inverse relationship between serum sulfate, and DHEA-S and DHEA-S/DHEA ratio in men, while also suggesting that the sulfate-lowering variants, SLC13A1 R12X and W48X, decrease DHEA and testosterone levels, and increase DHEA-S/DHEA ratio in women. While paradoxical, these results illustrate the complexity of the mechanisms involved in DHEA homeostasis and warrant additional studies to better understand sulfate's role in hormone physiology.
A Seat at the Table: Using Social Media as a Platform to Resolve Microaggressions Against Transgender Persons

Transgender, gender variant, and/or gender nonconforming persons are marginalized and pathologized in society and communities. The advent and widespread use of social media introduce an entirely ne...
P190-B RhoGAP Is Critical for Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cell Homing and Short Term Engraftment.

Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSC/P) engraftment is a complex process which requires HSC/P to migrate across endothelium barrier from the blood towards the bone marrow (BM) cavities. The cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate HSC/P engraftment are still poorly understood. Rho GTPases, Rac1, Rac2, CDC42 and RhoA, are major regulators of cell adhesion and migration via cytoskeleton rearrangement. While the roles of Rac and CDC42 in HSC/P functions have begun to be understood (Gu, Science 2003; Wang, Blood 2006), the role of RhoA has yet to be examined in physiological settings. To examine the role of RhoA in HSC/P engraftment, we used mice genetically deficient in the Rho-inhibitory protein p190-B RhoGAP (p190-B), which represent gain of RhoA activity (Sordella, Dev Cell, 2000). P190-B-deficient c-Kit + cells demonstrated increased short-term engraftment in non-obese diabetic/severe combined-immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mice compared to WT cells. In addition, p190-B −/− was associated with increased colony forming-unit (CFU) homing to BM compared with WT (7.5%±1.8% vs 4.2%±0.6%, p −/− FL cells showed significantly increased CFU adhesion to fibronectin (FN) compared to WT FL cells (11.2%±1.2% vs 8.5%±1.02%, p −/− cells exhibited significantly increased CFU migration towards SDF-1α in the presence of FN (44.9%±1.3% vs 25.9%±4.2%, p + WT cells polarized with a single F-actin lamellipodia at the leading edge and a short uropod. In contrast, p190-B −/− showed multiple membrane protrusions of F-actin at the leading edge associated with abnormally elongated uropod in a significantly number of cells (16% vs 1%, p −/− cells F-actin was assembled in a ring structure at the leading edge. Thus, RhoA may regulate HSC/P migration and homing by stimulating membrane protrusions via integrin signaling. HSC/P migration into BM cavities is restricted to the cells in the G 0 /G 1 -phase of the cell cycle. This restriction may be dependent on adhesion properties of these cells (Giet, Blood 1997; Orchell-Traycoff, Blood 2000). RhoA has been implicated in the coordination of cell cycle transit and migration in non hematopoietic cells. To test whether the increased CFU migration of p190-B-deficient cells was due to the ability of cells in cycle to migrate, c-Kit + cells from WT and p190-B +/− BM were fractionated using the DNA dye Hoechst which allows separation of cells in G 0 /G 1 versus S/G 2 +M. Remarkably, FN-induced migration of S/G 2 +M c-Kit + p190-B +/− cells was significantly higher than that of WT cells. Therefore, this study suggests that the regulation of RhoA activity via p190-B is important for HSC/P short-term engraftment and homing maybe by coordinating migration and cell cycle transit and that rearrangement of the cytoskeleton likely plays an essential role during this process.
Mid-term outcomes of orbital atherectomy combined with drug-coated balloon angioplasty for treatment of femoropopliteal disease

Purpose To assess the intraprocedural and mid-term outcomes of orbital atherectomy (OA) combined with drug-coated balloon (DCB) angioplasty for the treatment of calcified femoropopliteal disease. Methods In this single-center cohort, 89 patients (139 lesions) were treated with DCB angioplasty for claudication or critical limb ischemia (CLI). Angiographic characteristics and procedural outcomes were reviewed for patients treated with or without adjunctive OA. Lesion calcification was graded using two previously published scoring systems, the angiographic calcium score (ACS) and the peripheral artery calcification scoring system (PACSS). Results Among 139 lesions, 40 (29%) were treated with OA + DCB. Mean lesion length was 135 ± 100 mm for lesions treated with OA + DCB and 139 ± 100 mm for DCB alone (P = 0.9). Moderate to severe calcification was present in 83% of patients treated with OA, compared to 42% of patients treated with DCB alone (P < 0.001). Lesions treated with OA + DCB were less likely to require bailout stenting (18% vs. 39%, P =0.01). Rates of embolization (0% in OA + DCB vs. 2% in DCB only, P = 0.4), dissection (13% vs. 14%, P = 0.8), and perforation (0%) did not differ significantly between groups. The freedom from TLR at 1 year was 82% in both groups (P = 0.6) while primary patency was 81% in-patients treated with DCB alone and 77% in-patients treated with DCB with concomitant OA (P = 0.8). Conclusion In this single-center analysis of patients undergoing DCB angioplasty for claudication or CLI, OA was most often used for the treatment of severely calcified lesions. These lesions were more likely to be treated with scoring balloons and less likely to require bailout stenting. At 1 year, target lesion revascularization and primary patency was similar in patients treated with and without adjunctive OA, despite the higher lesion complexity among those receiving the combination procedure. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, Western diet, and risk of gout in men: prospective cohort study.

Objective To prospectively examine the relation between the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and Western diets and risk of gout (ie, the clinical endpoint of hyperuricemia) in men. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting The Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Participants 44 444 men with no history of gout at baseline. Using validated food frequency questionnaires, each participant was assigned a DASH dietary pattern score (based on high intake of fruits, vegetables, nuts and legumes, low fat dairy products, and whole grains, and low intake of sodium, sweetened beverages, and red and processed meats) and a Western dietary pattern score (based on high intake of red and processed meats, French fries, refined grains, sweets, and desserts). Main outcome measure Risk of incident gout meeting the preliminary American College of Rheumatology survey criteria for gout, adjusting for potential confounders, including age, body mass index, hypertension, diuretic use, and alcohol intake. Results During 26 years of follow-up, 1731 confirmed cases of incident gout were documented. A higher DASH dietary pattern score was associated with a lower risk for gout (adjusted relative risk for extreme fifths 0.68, 95% confidence interval 0.57 to 0.80, P value for trend <0.001). In contrast, a higher Western dietary pattern score was associated with an increased risk for gout (1.42, 1.16 to 1.74, P=0.005). Conclusion The DASH diet is associated with a lower risk of gout, suggesting that its effect of lowering uric acid levels in individuals with hyperuricemia translates to a lower risk of gout. Conversely, the Western diet is associated with a higher risk of gout. The DASH diet may provide an attractive preventive dietary approach for men at risk of gout.
The Power of Forgiveness

Forgiveness plays an important role in the maintenance of interpersonal relationships. We argue that although victims who forgive relinquish their right to punish their transgressors and consequently sacrifice punishment-based power, forgiving transgressors increases how much power victims feel that they possess over their transgressors. Across five studies, those who forgave their transgressors reported having more power over their transgressors than did those who did not forgive their transgressors. Victims’ beliefs that forgiveness signaled that they had moved beyond the transgression and had taken control of the transgression’s resolution mediated the link between forgiveness and power. Furthermore, forgiveness did not reliably alter transgressors’ perceptions of how much power victims held over them. These findings contribute to the extant literature on forgiveness by identifying an unexplored benefit of forgiving one’s transgressor - a perceived sense of power over one’s transgressor.
Basal-like Breast Cancer and the Clinical Implications of Biologic Diversity

PL04-04 Basal-like breast cancer is a subtype identified by unsupervised cluster analysis of gene expression array data, and has characteristic gene and protein expression patterns, including high expression of basal cytokeratins and other genes within the basal cluster, high expression of proliferation genes, and low expression of HER2 and ER-related genes. Gene copy number aberrations and p53 mutations are common in this subtype. It has been consistently identified in multiple independent datasets, across platforms, and using both gene expression arrays and immunohistochemistry. Population-based studies suggest that between 15-20% of breast cancers are basal-like. This breast cancer subtype has unique risk factors. Chief among these is an association with mutations in BRCA1. Although most basal-like breast cancers are sporadic, approximately 80% of breast cancers arising in women that carry germline BRCA1 mutations are basal-like. Emerging research suggests that some of the traditional risk factors for breast cancer are not relevant for the development of basal-like breast cancer while others, such as age at parity and breast feeding, may be more important or reversed in their effects on basal-like breast cancer risk. These characteristics suggest that it is a distinct biologic entity, which has clinical implications. Basal-like breast cancer is associated with young age at diagnosis. While it can occur in any population subset, it is twice as frequent among premenopausal African-American breast cancer patients. It is associated with a poor prognosis in historical datasets. Because of its ER-, PR-, and HER2-negative qualities, it is not sensitive to the targeted agents currently used in the adjuvant setting, although subset analyses of large cooperative group metastatic trials suggest that it may be sensitive to antiangiogenesis strategies. Interestingly, this subtype is quite sensitive to cytotoxic chemotherapy. Some studies suggest that improvements in cytotoxic chemotherapy in particular benefit this subtype. High pathologic complete response (pCR) rates are seen with anthracycline- and taxane-based chemotherapy; the high risk of early relapse associated with this subtype appears to occur largely among those with residual disease. The association with BRCA1 mutations has generated interest in examining whether this subtype is particularly sensitive to DNA damaging agents or targeting dysfunctional BRCA1 DNA repair. Among the targeted agents that are in investigation for this subtype include EGFR inhibitors, src inhibitors, PARP inhibitors and VEGF inhibitors. A large CALGB neoadjuvant study will test both whether these tumors benefit from the addition of the DNA-damaging platinum drugs, but also test sensitivity to the anti-VEGF therapy. These investigations and others hold promise to exploit our greater understanding of the biology of this subtype to maximize chemotherapy effectiveness and to rationally develop targeted approaches.
The Moderating Effect of Gender in Urgent Care Service Satisfaction

The objective of this study is to investigate the extent to which gender serves as a moderator in the relationships between healthcare service quality, patient satisfaction, and behavioral intentio...
Performance comparison of control strategies applied on welding robot plant

This work shows three control techniques applied individually on velocity control of a welding robot. The system transfer function is found by bench tests and pole allocation method. The control strategies proposed are: Proportional Integral Controller, Pole Place Control and Model Reference Control. The techniques were designed and simulated to compare its performances acting under same situations.
Emotional Intelligence: An Opportunity for Occupational Therapy

Emotional intelligence theory developed within the psychology and business fields and is described as an ability to monitor emotions and to use the information to guide thinking and problem solving...
Alveolar soft part sarcoma of the bladder with ASPSCR1-TFE3 gene fusion as a secondary malignancy

Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) represents <1% of all soft tissue sarcomas and harbors the ASPSCR1-TFE3 translocation, which is found in pediatric renal cell carcinomas arising after chemotherapy. We present the case of a female patient, treated for metastatic retinoblastoma (Rb) with surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy at age 21 months, who was diagnosed with ASPS of the bladder 5 years later when imaging revealed a polypoid mass arising from the left bladder wall. Endoscopic biopsy and tumor resection were performed. After histopathologic confirmation of ASPSCR1-TFE3 fusion-positive ASPS, negative margins were achieved with wide local excision. At 18 months post-surgery, she remains recurrence-free.
Daily Associations Between Adolescents’ Race-Related Experiences and Family Processes

This chapter explores how adolescents’ race-related experiences, both positive and negative, cross over into the family context and subsequently structure family-level processes. Using micro-longitudinal daily diary data from 180 Asian American adolescents (58% female, 74% U.S.-born), we found that, on days when adolescents report something bad happening due to their race or ethnicity (e.g., teased, picked on, called names), they also report spending significantly more time with their families. Greater family engagement was also found in the context of positive race-related experiences (e.g., complimented for an outfit, rewarded for participating in a Hmong dance group). Although ethnic identity did not moderate any daily associations, main effects were found whereby strong levels of ethnic identity were related to more family interactions, both in terms of leisure activities and assistance behaviors, as well as getting along with the family. Collectively, our analyses point to critical and complex ways in which adolescents’ daily race-related experiences are intricately linked to their daily family interactions, providing crucial knowledge about the overall cultural and social development of Asian American youth. We discuss further nuances by gender and generational status, as well as the deeper implications of our results, particularly in light of developing effective parenting interventions and programs to best serve Asian American youth and families in the face of possible discrimination and race-related rejection.
Numerical simulation of friction extrusion process

Abstract A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model with consideration of both heat transfer and material flow has been developed. The heat generation model from a previous study was adopted. The temperature predictions have a good agreement with experimental measurements, showing that material flow during the friction extrusion process has limited influence on heat transfer. Small solid particles were used as tracked markers in the fluid in the modeling to capture the material flow pattern. The path lines of the particles compare well with experimental observations. The material in the central region is pushed spirally upwards toward the extrusion hole to form the extrusion wire, the near material moves spirally to fill the central region, and there is a dead zone in the process chamber where the material always stays in the chamber and will not be extruded out.
An optimization strategy for the inverse solution of a convection heat transfer problem

Abstract In many practical situations, the desired results are given, but the conditions needed for achieving these are unknown. This circumstance leads to inverse problems, which are of particular interest in thermal processes. For instance, the temperature cycle to which a component must be subjected in order to obtain desired transformations in a manufacturing system are known or prescribed. However, the boundary and initial conditions, in terms of heat input, pressure, flow rate and temperature, are not known and must be determined by solving the inverse problem. A method based on a search and optimization approach is developed to solve the inverse natural convection problem of a two-dimensional heat source on a vertical flat plate. This problem is of interest in fires and electronic systems. The inverse problem involves determination of the strength and location of the heat source, which is taken as a fixed-length region of the wall with an isothermal or isoflux condition, by employing a few selected data points downstream. This is achieved by numerical simulations of the region at differing source strengths and locations, thus obtaining relevant temperature interpolation functions of source location and strength for selected data points. A search based optimization method, particle swarm optimization (PSO), is then applied to find the best pair of vertical locations for input of data. The system of equations based on their respective relations is solved to obtain solution to the inverse problem. The goal of this method is to reduce the uncertainty and approach essentially unique solutions. The error of the method is found to be acceptable for both source strength and location.
Exploring the worth of CTA for ICHUsefulness of CT Angiography in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Intracranial Hemorrhage (P2.263)

Objective: To determine whether CT Angiography of the head (CTA) significantly changes the diagnosis or the management of patients presenting with acute Intracranial Hemorrhage (ICH) Background: The value of CTA in patients with acute ICH continues to be widely accepted, with differing recommendations in the literature. CTA has been used both as a diagnostic and a predictive tool in the management of ICH. Design/Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of 108 patients who presented to University Hospital with an acute ICH between 1/1/2012 and 12/30/2015. Patients were included in the study if they had an acute ICH on admission and received both CT of the Head (CTH) and CTA. Patients with hemorrhagic transformation of an ischemic stroke or trauma related ICH were excluded. In each patient the initial diagnoses after CTH and the final diagnosis after CTA were recorded. Results: Of 108 patients with an acute ICH, 78 (72.2%) had an initial diagnosis of hypertensive ICH. CTA did not change the diagnosis in 74 (95%) and did not change the management in 77 (98.7%) of patients with hypertensive ICH. The remaining 30 (27.8%) patients had a non-hypertensive ICH, supported by the patient’s medical history and the initial CTH report. In these patients, CTA did not change the changed the diagnosis in 17 (56.7%) of patients and the management in 18 (60%) of patients with non-hypertensive ICH. Subarachnoid hemorrhage was the second most common cause of ICH (8%), followed by amyloid angiopathy (6%). In two-thirds (67%) of the patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage, an AVM or an aneurysm was found on CTA. Conclusions: Routine CTA after CTH provided little benefit in patients with a hypertensive ICH. CTA after non-hypertensive ICH was especially helpful in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage, where a treatable underlying vascular abnormality was found in 66.7% of patients Disclosure: Dr. Alchaki has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gomez has nothing to disclose. Dr. E-Ghanmh has nothing to disclose. Dr. Han has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hillen has nothing to disclose.
Race, Gender, and the 2016 Presidential Election

With the first female presidential candidate at the top of the Democratic ticket, the gender gap in 2016 was predicted to be the largest ever. Although the gender gap proved to be bigger than any other in recent history, with a majority of women voting for Hillary Clinton, a disaggregation of the vote by race indicated that not all women equally supported the female presidential candidate. This suggests the existence of a racialized gender gap not previously explored by extant research. Thus, this article explores the nature of this interracial gender gap by examining the political evaluations of men and women, by race, in the 2016 presidential election. Using data from the 2016 American National Election Study (ANES) Time Series Study merged with the ANES Cumulative Data File (1948–2012), predictors of the gender gap were explored and the circumstances under which an interracial gender gap can be narrowed were examined.
TOPICS IN THE THEORY OF DEFINITION

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses topics in the theory of definition. It describes when a given concept or predicate is definable in terms of a set of other predicates. Padoa's method, when described in modern terms by way of the predicate calculus is used to explain the concept. Padoa's method consists of the contraposition of this remark. This method of showing non-decidability must always work, that is, there will always be two models for which an undecidable statement has different truth values. This of course is just a rewording of the completeness theorem for the predicate calculus. Further developments in this field arose primarily through weakening the semantic (or syntactic) notion of definability, and then determining the corresponding syntactic (respectively, semantic) notion. Aside from giving a new technique with which to study such problems, the approach by ultra-products allows us to weaken the hypothesis on Σ to include a class of second-order statements. In addition this approach leads to certain natural topological questions which are equivalent to the logical ones.
Manufacturing and the Market: Rationalizing the Shortage of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin

Abstract Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is used as first-line intravesical therapy following tumor resection of non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Primary producers of BCG announced shortages within the last decade, leading to a worldwide shortage. We review the literature examining the BCG shortage and propose solutions to cope with this problem.
Finding Largest Simplices (Preliminary Report)

Many of the basic problems of computational geometry are well understood only in low-dimensional cases. That is especially true of most geometric optimization problems except those that can be directly transformed into problems of linear or concave maximization. In the case of unrestricted dimension, nonconcave geometric maximization problems provide a fertile testing ground for methods of global optimization, for such problems typically present many local maxima that are not global maxima, and even the local maxima may be hard to find and recognize. That is often true even of problems involving the simplest sorts of convex polytopes (parallelotopes, cubes, simplices, etc.). As an indication of the current state of knowledge (or ignorance!) concerning high-dimensional geometric optimization problems, we here survey the fragmentary situation with respect to the following two problems concerning largest simplices (where k and d are integers with 1 ≤ k ≤ d).
Pressure Drop and Compressible Flow of Cryogenic Liquid-Vapor Mixtures

This chapter reviews the one-dimensional methods available to predict the fluid dynamics of two-phase systems. Most of the methods are derived from air—water or steam—water studies. However, as will be shown, these models also appear to characterize cryogenic two-phase flows.
L2 Spanish Apologies Development during Short-Term Study Abroad.

The present study examined the apologies of 18 study abroad (SA) students during a short-term SA experience in Madrid, Spain. Apologies were assessed with a discourse completion task (DCT) consisting of five vignettes that varied across three variables: relative social status of the interlocutor, relative social distance, and seriousness of the offense. Based on performance ratings assigned to them by two native Spanish speakers, the students made significant gains in pragmatic appropriateness from pretest to posttest, on two out of the five individual vignettes, and on the five combined vignettes. Examination of the students’ apologies before and after SA further revealed that they increased several strategies during their time abroad. Despite these gains, other aspects of the SA group’s performance remained the same or, in some cases, moved in the opposite direction of the target norm. Moreover, the students also demonstrated continued overreliance on routine, formulaic expressions on the posttest DCT while underusing some important target-like mitigation strategies. Given the study’s findings, the researcher offers recommendations for teaching pragmatics before and during the SA experience.
The erotic as resistance: queer resistance at a militarized charter school

ABSTRACT'The erotic’ is a power that can be drawn upon to resist oppression, pursue change, and build libratory communities. I extend Lorde’s notion of the erotic to include the shared erotic joy o...
Molecular simulation of the constant composition expansion experiment in shale multi-scale systems

Abstract The phase behavior of hydrocarbons in shale reservoirs has garnered increasing attention in the petroleum industry. Significant differences in the phase behavior of petroleum fluids between conventional reservoirs and shale reservoirs have been observed. Because of the existence of nano-scale porous media in shale reservoirs, there are substantial surface fluid interactions that can lead to a heterogeneous distribution of molecules and an alteration of the fluid phase behavior. In this work, for the first time, we use molecular simulations to investigate the confinement effect on the phase behavior of reservoir fluids in a multi-scale (nano-scale + macro-scale) media. The model has a confined region that mimics the nano-scale porous media and a bulk region that represents the macro-scale porous media (macropores and fractures) in shale reservoirs. For the first time, we use the Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo (GEMC) simulation at imposed pressures to simulate the constant composition expansion (CCE) experiment for multi-component hydrocarbon mixtures in a multi-scale porous media. Our results show that because of the confinement effect, the composition of the bulk and the confined regions differ significantly. In our molecular simulations, the composition of the lighter components in the bulk region increases, while heavier components are mainly trapped in the confined region. These changes in the composition cause a significant shift or disappearance of the saturation pressure in the bulk region of the multi-component multi-scale hydrocarbon systems.
Broken Windows and Catching Frogs: Exploring Concepts of Historic and Contemporary Parental and Community Involvement

Parental and community supports are important factors for Latino student academic success. The purpose of this paper is to explore the parental and community activism surrounding the San Antonio v....
Colloidally Stable CdS Quantum Dots in Water with Electrostatically Stabilized Weak‐Binding, Sulfur‐Free Ligands

Colloidal quantum dot (QD) photocatalysts have the electrochemical and optical properties to be highly effective for a range of redox reactions. QDs are proven photo-redox catalysts for a variety of reactions in organic solvents but are less prominent for aqueous reactions. Aqueous QD photocatalysts require hydrophilic ligand shells that provide long-term colloidal stability but are not so tight-binding as to prevent catalytic substrates from accessing the QD surface. Common thiolate ligands, which also poison many co-catalysts and undergo photo-oxidative desorption, are therefore often not an option. This paper describes a framework for the design of water-solubilizing ligands that are in dynamic exchange on and off the QD surface, but still provide long-term colloidal stability to CdS QDs. The binding affinity and inter-ligand electrostatic interactions of a bifunctional ligand, aminoethyl phosphonic acid (AEP), are tuned with the pH of the dispersion. The key to colloidal stability is electrostatic stabilization of the monolayer. This work demonstrates a means of mimicking the stabilizing power of a thiolate-bound ligand with a zwitterionic tail group, but without the thiolate binding group.
On the dynamic response and collapse of slender guyed booms for space application

A procedure is developed for the analysis of the nonlinear transient response of an initially imperfect slender guyed boom having a concentrated mass at the tip. The analysis is compared with laboratory experiments, and the validated procedure is employed to study the transient response of a boom to suddenly applied step loads and prescribed initial velocities. Both cases approximate the transient conditions associated with commencing and terminating a slewing maneuver in space. Two nonlinear effects are examined, namely cable slackening and beam column behavior. It is shown that dynamic buckling of the boom may occur with excitations which result in slackening of a cable. It is also shown that transverse boom tip deflections are sensitive only to initial eccentricities when certain threshold values are exceeded. Design guidelines are established for combinations of pulse level and duration which meet performance requirements for allowable deflections.
White vitreous opacities in five patients with Gaucher disease type 3

Fundal abnormalities, including preretinal and retinal changes, are a rare finding in patients with the autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder Gaucher disease, most often described in patients with the chronic neuronopathic form (type 3). We evaluated whether these ophthalmological findings correlated with other manifestations of type 3 Gaucher disease. Reviewing the records of 40 patients with type 3 Gaucher disease, we identified five with white vitreous opacities and reviewed their clinical course in depth. Each of the patients described decreased visual acuity and "floaters" obstructing their vision. The development and/or progression of these fluffy-appearing white opacities in each patient were tracked longitudinally in the context of their neurological and other clinical findings. It was noted that all five patients shared genotype p.L483P/p.L483P (L444P/L444P) and had significant neurological, oculomotor and bone involvement and two had undergone splenectomy. Enzyme replacement therapy with recombinant glucocerebrosidase did not prevent the development or progression of these ocular opacities. Since preretinal findings, in addition to other neuro-ophthalmological findings, can be a feature of Gaucher disease, it is recommended that patients be monitored by regular eye examinations.
Relational maintenance and caregiving in the grandparent-grandchild relationship

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between grandparents’ use of relational maintenance behaviors (RMB) and their young adult grandchildren’s willingness to serve as future c...
The interplay of phenotypic variability and fitness in finite microbial populations

In isogenic microbial populations, phenotypic variability is generated by a combination of stochastic mechanisms, such as gene expression, and deterministic factors, such as asymmetric segregation ...