cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY ON COGNITIVE STYLES: 1978-1982'

Summary.-A colnputer search, using descriptors from the thesauri of the Educational Resource Information Center (ERIC) and from the Psychological Ab~tracts, yielded a total of 159 published references on various cognitive styles. This endeavor spanned a 4-yr. period from 1978 to 1982. An organizational structure was imposed on this listing to facilitate meaningful retrieval. References were alphabetically and chronologically grouped under relevant subject headings. Since the seminal work of Thurstone almost four decades ago, the psychological literature has been shown a proliferation of empirical research on the close to 20 cognitive styles. Through the years, the gradual refinements of this information-processing theory have resulted in the shaping and formulating of more precise predictions. This is evident especially in the field independence/ dependence dimension. It was felt by the author that to keep abreast with the directional changes of these experimental studies, it was necessary to compile a comprehensive bibliography that would incorporate articles published over the past four years. Also, another compelling rationale was that previous compilations were timeworn and dated and do not adequately address the current needs of researchers who are actively working in the field. The selection of a 4-yr. coverage would tap research trends, besides providing a substantive yet workable listing. Furthermore, this bibliography is invaluable in terms of its time economy, in that, it furnishes the researcher with a chronological and alphabetized research tool. A computer search using descriptors from the thesauri of the Educational Resource Information Center (ERIC) and from the Psychological Abstracts produced 159 published references. An organizational structure was imposed on this listing in order to facilitate meaningful retrieval. References were categorized under major subject headings. These headings primarily represent the different cognitive styles with the exception of a few subtitles. Since the greatest portion of the cognitive style research has focused on the field independence/dependence dimension, published studies on this stylistic dimension are presented first. Following this are the correlates of psychological differentiation, published studies using the Stroop phenomenon, studies on reflection versus impulsivity style, category width and other cognitive styles, cognitive complexity, cross-cultural studies, published studies using special populations, books and monographs, and finally reviews.
Lipid metabolism in the fetal and neonatal rabbit.

Abstract The rate of incorporation of acetate-1-C14 into lipids and the concentration of lipids in the liver of the rabbit have been studied as a function of development and environment. The effects of fasting on these indices have also been studied. The concentration of plasma free fatty acids (FFA) and glucose was measured concomitantly. The results indicate that: (1) The fetus provides for the energy requirement of the processes of birth and neonatal adaptation by (a) storing lipids in the liver, mainly in the form of triglyceride fatty acids; (b) catabolizing lipids after birth. (2) The use of the postmature preparation demonstrates that the rate of acetate-1-C14 incorporation into liver triglyceride fatty acids, cholesterol and phospholipids depends on environmental factors, whereas the liver storage of these 2 fractions and the transport of fatty acids are determined by the chronological age of the fetus. (3) The difference in liver triglyceride fatty acids, plasma FFA and glucose responses to fasting between the adult and the neonate may be due mainly to the increased turnover of these substances in the rapidly growing newborn.
GPU Acceleration of a Cloud Resolving Model using CUDA

Abstract The increasing computing power of graphics processing units (GPU) has motivated the use of GPUs to speed up climate models. Their low price in conjunction with C style parallel programming tools, like CUDA (Compute Unified Device Architecture), allow the programmers, even non-programmers, to exploit the fine grain parallelism power of GPU conveniently. In this paper, we report successful acceleration of a Cloud Resolving Model (CRM) by implementing the MPDATA algorithm on the GPU using CUDA. The results show the great speedup potential for GPU acceleration of CRM which could carry over to other atmospheric models.
Palliative management of malignant airway obstruction

Abstract Background Obstruction of the airway due to unresectable malignant disease is a frightening condition that portends a poor prognosis. Endobronchial treatment modalities were reviewed to determine the most effective management strategy. Methods A 12-year retrospective review (1988 to 1999) of 121 consecutive patients with inoperable malignant airway obstruction (MAO) was performed. Sixty-five patients received high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR) alone, 32 received HDR plus neodymium:yttrium-aluminum garnet laser (YAG) therapy, 16 received YAG only, 4 patients were stented, and 4 received photodynamic therapy (PDT). Follow-up was obtained by chart review and contact. Results Seventy-seven men and 44 women, median age 62 years (range 30 to 86 years), underwent 378 endobronchial procedures for relief of MAO. Good to excellent results were achieved in 77% (93/121) of patients. Seventy-two percent (23/32) of patients undergoing HDR plus YAG received a good to excellent result. All 8 patients receiving either stents or PDT had good to excellent palliation. There were no intraoperative deaths, but there were two in-hospital deaths. Complications occurred in 4% (5/121) of patients. Forty-four percent (53/121) of our patients were lost to follow-up. Mean survival was 6.7 months after the last treatment. Conclusions Temporary relief of inoperable MAO can be accomplished with a number of endobronchial treatments used either singularly or in combination. The majority of patients managed with HDR, YAG, or HDR plus YAG received good to excellent short-term palliation.
Hepatitis B virus contains protein attached to the 5′ terminus of its complete DNA strand

Hepatitis B virus DNA contains a tightly bound protein which was not removed by healing to 60 degrees C with 2% SDS, 2% mercaptoethanol. The protein was indirectly demonstrated by the extraction of the DNA-protein complex with phenol before but not after its digestion with proteinase K. The DNA-protein complex had a lower buoyant density than protease-treated or free DNA; it was bound to glass fiber filters; it migrated at a slower rate in gel electrophoresis; and it could be radiolabeled by oxidative iodination. The binding site of the protein was mapped by extraction of restriction endonuclease digests with phenol and analysis of the digests for missing DNA fragments. The protein was localized to a site near the 5' end of the complete viral DNA strand. It remained attached to this strand after heating with SDS to 90 degrees C or treatment with 0.1 N NaOH, suggesting a covalent linkage. The 5' end of neither viral DNA strand could be phosphorylated in a reaction with polynucleotide kinase, consistent with attachment of protein to the 5' ends. The incomplete DNA strand, however, which is the strand elongated by the virion DNA polymerase reaction, did not contain a detectable amount of polypeptide as did the complete strand. The reasons for the apparent block of the 5' end of the incomplete DNA strand is thus not known. The protein bound covalently to HBV DNA could be involved in the replication of the complete viral DNA strand and/or endonucleolytic generation of linear unit-length DNA pieces from replicative intermediates, although its function and origin are not yet known.
Learning from tests: Effects of spacing

The effects of delaying an immediate test, a rehearsal opportunity, or a second presentation on long-term free recall were investigated in an experiment combining features of the Brown-Peterson and free-recall paradigms. Each trial consisted of: (a) initial presentation of a word double (P1); (b) 4, 8, or 14 seconds on a digit shadowing task; (c) either a second presentation of the word-pair (P2), an overt recall test of that pair (T), or an opportunity to covertly rehearse the pair (R); and (d) 13, 9, or 3 seconds of shadowing. A free-recall test was given after each block of 12 trials. The end-of-block recall increased as a function of the second event delay for P1-P2 and P1-T conditions but not for P1-R conditions. A proposed model assumes that both repetitions and tests promote learning and that the effectiveness of both is a function of the current state of memory at the time of the repetition or test.
Biological and Ecological Information from Physical and Chemical Properties of Skeletal Carbonates: ABSTRACT

Progress has been made in relating physical and chemical properties of carbonate skeletons to physiologic and ecologic factors in Recent marine organisms. Data are accumulating which show that the skeletal mineralogy and its chemistry may change significantly in an individual during growth. Discrete microarchitectural units of individual skeletons may differ widely in mineralogy and chemistry because of differences in the biochemistry of the tissues which deposit them. Investigations of shell regeneration show that the mineral species of the skeletal-repair carbonate is the same as that in normal growth, but there are differences in trace element concentrations. These data emphasize the need for differentiating the various physiological effects on skeletal carbonate deposition within and between species. A number of ecologic factors are known also to affect the morphology, mineralogy, and chemistry of skeletal carbonates in many species. Consideration is given to the current status of our knowledge of the specific effects of each individual ecologic factor and of distinguishing these from physiologically controlled effects. Application of these approaches to paleoecological investigations requires criteria for distinguishing diagenetic changes, possible evolutionary changes in mineralogy and chemistry, and physiologically and ecologically controlled effects. End_of_Article - Last_Page 348------------
Prevention of ventilator-induced lung injury with partial liquid ventilation.

Abstract Background/Purpose: Pulmonary injury from mechanical ventilation has been attributed to application of excess alveolar pressure (barotrauma) or volume (volutrauma). The authors questioned whether partial liquid ventilation (gas ventilation of the perfluorocarbon filled lung, PLV) would reduce ventilator-induced lung injury. Methods: A tracheostomy tube and carotid artery catheter were placed in anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats (500 ± 50 g). Bovine serum albumin (BSA) labeled with Iodine (I) 125 was administered intraarterially. Ventilation with tidal volume (TV) of 5 mL/kg was initiated. The rats were then selected randomly to a 30-minute experimental period of one of the following ventilation protocols: continued atraumatic gas ventilation (GV, TV, 5 mL/kg; n=10); atraumatic gas ventilation combined with intratracheal administration of 10 mL/kg perfluorocarbon (GV-PLV, TV, 5 mL/kg, n=10); barotrauma (BT, peak inspiratory pressure [PIP], 45 cm H 2 O; n=10); barotrauma with PLV (BT-PLV, PIP, 45 cm H 2 O; n=8); volutrauma (VT, TV, 30 mL/kg; n=8); or volutrauma with PLV (VT-PLV, TV, 30 mL/kg; n=10). Animals were killed and the amount of radiolabeled BSA in both lungs was measured and normalized to the counts in 1 mL of blood from that animal (injury index). Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post-hoc t test comparison between groups. Results: There was a significant difference in the 125 I-BSA injury index when all groups were compared ( P P =.024) and VT versus VT-PLV ( P =.014). Conclusion: 125 I-BSA leak produced during high-pressure or high-volume mechanical ventilation is reduced by partial liquid ventilation. J Pediatr Surg 36:1333-1336. Copyright © 2001 by W.B. Saunders Company.
Acoustoelastic effect and wave propagation in heterogeneous weakly anisotropic materials

Abstract A theoretical analysis of the acoustoelastic effect is presented. It is based upon the theory of sound wave propagation in a stressed heterogeneous weakly anisotropic elastic medium composed of grains. The effect of residual stress is included, and shown to be different from that of applied stress. The statistics of grain orientation and of grain correlation are taken into account. The acoustoelastic coefficients and the effects of dispersion, attenuation and symmetry of the medium are determined.
An unusual complication of cancer treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Childhood cancer is a leading cause of mortality in children less than 15 years of age, accounting for about 10.4 of total childhood deaths [Robinson LL: In: Pizzo PA, Polack DA (eds) Principles and Practice of Pediatric Oncology, 3rd edn. Lippincott – Raven, Philadelphia – NewYork, 1997, pp. 1–10.]. As more aggressive therapeutic regimens have been adopted and ostensibly cured patients are being followed for longer periods of time, it has become increasingly clear that the treatment of cancer can have significant late effects on the growing child, one of the more troublesome of which is the induction of secondary malignancy. We report an 11-year-old child who, as supported by both clinical course and neuroimaging studies, developed an unusual complication eight years after completing therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, gliomatosis cerebri.
Absolute, Gorenstein, and Tate Torsion Modules

We show that there is an Avramov–Martsinkovsky type exact sequence with , Gtor, and Tor. We prove that if R is a Gorenstein ring, then the modules , n ≥ 1 can be computed using either a complete resolution of MR or using a complete resolution of RN. We show that over a Gorenstein ring a left R-module N is Gorenstein flat if and only if . We also show that over commutative Gorenstein rings the modules can be computed by the combined use of a flat resolution and a Gorenstein flat resolution of M.
Urinary albumin excretion is associated with impaired flow- and nitroglycerin-mediated brachial artery dilatation in hypertensive adults.

Urinary albumin excretion is associated with impaired flow- and nitroglycerin-mediated brachial artery dilatation in hypertensive adults
Dry bed: a rapid method of eliminating bedwetting (enuresis) of the retarded.

Abstract Bedwetting has been a major and unsolved problem for the severely retarded. To solve this problem, an intensive training program was designed similar to a recently developed program for daytime toilet training of the retarded. Some distinctive features of the new procedure were frequent positive reinforcement for correct toileting, a negative reinforcer for accidents, positive practice in night time toileting, increased level of urination by forcing drinking, immediate detection of correct and incorrect toileting, and Positive Practice for accidents. Of twelve retarded adult bedwetters, the average bedwetter required only one night of intensive training. Several days of apparatus monitoring were used following the training but proved unnecessary for two-thirds of the trainees. Accidents were reduced by about 85 % during the first week after training, and almost entirely (95%) during the fifth week with no relapse during a 3 month follow-up. No reduction of accidents resulted when the same bedwetters were given a control procedure that provided no positive or negative reactions other than the sounding of an alarm upon bedwetting. The Dry-Bed procedure appears to be a very rapid solution to the problem of enuresis among the retarded and may be applicable to other difficult populations and also to normals.
Maternal decisions about the initiation and termination of infant feeding

Caregiver responsiveness to infant hunger and fullness cues is thought to play a role in the development of overweight during infancy, but this aspect of infant feeding has received little study. This research used a qualitative approach to understand aspects of feeding responsiveness involving maternal perception and interpretation of infant feeding cues by asking mothers about factors they used to initiate and terminate infant feeding. Participants were 71 ethnically diverse mothers of healthy, term infants at 3, 6, or 12 months of age. Mothers were asked three questions about feeding initiation and termination. Qualitative content analysis was used to derive major themes. Results revealed that the extent to which infant cues were prominent in maternal approaches to feeding was variable. Some mothers focused on amount consumed or eating schedule whereas others reported sole orientation to infant state and/or oral behaviors. Other themes involved the range of intensity and specificity of the infant cues that prompted feeding initiation and termination. The qualitative findings suggest that mothers may differ in the extent to which they perceive and rely upon infant hunger and fullness cues to initiate and terminate feeding.
Para-Hisian versus pure-Hisian pacing.

e t b v r v d v f e w e i r Differentiating atrioventricular nodal tachycardia AVNRT) from an orthodromic reciprocating tachycardia AVRT) involving a concealed accessory pathway (AP) is lmost mandatory during the electrophysiology study of a arrow complex tachycardia. It is especially important hen a paraseptal AP is suspected because the atrial actiation sequence during AVRT may be indistinguishable rom that of AVNRT in many cases. Furthermore, it is mperative to recognize that one or more bystander APs ay coexist in a patient with AVNRT or that AVNRT and VRT may coexist. Therefore, treatment of one supravenricular tachycardia (SVT) will only leave the patient prone o the other type of SVT later. There are a few useful echniques to detect the presence of an AP or to differentiate etrograde conduction over an AP versus the AV node. hese include comparing the atrial activation timing on acing from the right ventricular (RV) apex versus pacing rom the ventricular base, entrainment from the RV, and arious pacing techniques involving the His bundle. The aper by Takatsuki et al published in this issue of the ournal regarding pure Hisian pacing has added the utility of is pacing over the two well established pacing maneuvers nvolving para-Hisan pacing further. Para-Hisian pacing is the most commonly used maneuer with bipolar pacing with a catheter positioned at the His undle or His bundle and right bundle branch (provided here is no right bundle branch block). Incremental change n pacing output from low to high results in capture of septal yocardium alone (Vc) initially and then capture of the RV eptal myocardium as well as the His bundle (V Hc). he His bundle only (Hc) can be achieved in 72% of cases f the catheter is placed precisely on the His bundle and aced at a higher output. These changes in pacing capture ay result in a change in the timing of His bundle activation nd the timing as well as the sequence of atrial activation ecorded in the right atrial, His bundle, or coronary sinus atheter. When retrograde atrial activation is via an AP and he atrial activation sequence is essentially unchanged durng Vc, V Hc, or Hc, then it can be concluded that a elatively rapidly conducting AP is present. However, when n AP is absent, then retrograde conduction takes a longer oute to reach the atria with Vc (longer stimulus to atrial
Evaluation of model‐simulated upper troposphere humidity using 6.7 μm satellite observations

Use of mesoscale models to simulate details of upper tropospheric relative humidity (UTRH) fields represents an important step toward understanding the evolution of small-scale water vapor structures that are responsible for cirrus growth and dissipation. Because mesoscale model UTRH simulations require initialization and verification and since radiosonde measurements of relative humidity are unreliable in the upper troposphere, we use GOES 6.7 μm water vapor observations to validate the Pennsylvania State University/National Center for Atmospheric Research nonhydrostatic mesoscale model (MM5) simulations of UTRH. To accomplish this task, MM5 temperature and moisture profiles are used in a forward calculation of the clear-sky 6.7 μm brightness temperature (T 6.7 ), which is converted into UTRH. A statistical analysis is done to evaluate MM5 simulations of T 6.7 and UTRH against the GOES 7 observations. For the simulations, an average correlation coefficient of 0.80 was found with a dry bias of 1.6 K. In terms of UTRH, the average correlation coefficient was 0.65 with a dry bias of 3.3%. We also found that MM5 fails to simulate accurately extrema in the UTRH field.
Sequence and organization of the human N-formyl peptide receptor-encoding gene

Abstract The human FPR1 gene encodes the N -formyl peptide receptor, a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that mediates the activation of mature myeloid cells by bacterial N -formyl oligopeptides. To investigate the molecular basis for myeloid-specific production of this receptor, we have cloned and sequenced FPRL The gene is organized into three exons and two introns that span 6 kb. The coding block lacks introns. Yet, the transcription start point ( tsp ) is separated from the start codon by 4902 bp consisting of three exons and two large introns. Two mRNAs are produced by alternative splicing of exon 2 in HL-60 neutrophils and normal blood monocytes. The region 5′ to the tsp contains three pyrimidine-rich segments, a feature that has been observed in other myeloid-specific genes. One complete Alu repeat is found in each intron and in the 3′-flanking region 317 bp downstream of the polyadenylation signal. Thus, FPR1 is a small myeloid-specific gene that is expressed as two alternatively spliced mRNAs encoding the same protein.
Personal identity and bioethics: the state of the art

In this introduction to the special issue of Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics on the topic of personal identity and bioethics, I provide a background for the topic and then discuss the contributions in the special issue by Eric Olson, Marya Schechtman, Tim Campbell and Jeff McMahan, James Delaney and David Hershenov, and David DeGrazia.
Flavonoid derivatives as adenosine receptor antagonists: a comparison of the hypothetical receptor binding site based on a comparative molecular field analysis model.

Flavonoid derivatives have been optimized as relatively rigid antagonists of adenosine receptors with particular selectivity for the A3 receptor subtype. A quantitative study of the structure-activity relationships for binding of flavonoids to adenosine A1, A2A, and A3 receptors has been conducted using comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA). Correlation coefficients (cross-validated r2) of 0.605, 0.595, and 0.583 were obtained for the three subtypes, respectively. All three CoMFA models have the same steric and electrostatic contributions, implying similar requirements inside the binding cavity. Similarities were seen in the topology of steric and electrostatic regions with the A1 and A3 receptors, but not the A2A. Substitutions on the phenyl ring at the C-2 position of the chromone moiety may be considered important for binding affinity at all adenosine receptors. In the A3 model a region of favorable bulk interaction is located around the 2‘-position of the phenyl ring. The presence of a C-6 subs...
Electron localization in a two-channel tight-binding model with correlated disorder

This article discusses electron localization in a two-channel tight-binding model with correlated disorder.
Impacts of national economic reforms upon urban households in an African society

Abstract Many Third-World nations have implemented structural reforms as conditions for receiving financial assistance from international banks. Whereas the effects of these reforms on national economic performance are carefully monitored, there often is a paucity of information about their direct impact upon citizens. Findings are reported here from an assessment of some social and economic effects of recent structural reforms in Zambia, Africa, upon upper-, middle-, and lower-status urban households. Persons at all socioeconomic levels perceived that the reforms had brought a deterioration in both the economy and their personal financial well-being. Poor families were especially hard hit by the increased costs of necessities, and most were experiencing difficulty in coping with their changed circumstances. The findings point up the importance of including socioeconomic impact assessment in national policy making.
$1,000 Cash Back: The Pass-Through of Auto Manufacturer Promotions

Automobile manufacturers frequently use promotions involving cash incentives. While payments are nominally directed to either customers or dealers, the ultimate beneficiary of the promotion depends on the outcome of price negotiation. We use program evaluation methods to compare the incidence of these two types of promotions. Customers obtain 70 to 90 percent of a customer rebate, but only 30 to 40 percent of a dealer discount promotion, a $500 difference for a typical promotion. Our leading hypothesis is that pass-through rates differ because of information asymmetries: customer rebates are well-publicized to customers, while dealer discount promotions are not.
End-of-life care in a voluntary hospitalist model: effects on communication, processes of care, and patient symptoms.

Abstract Purpose To assess the effects of hospitalist care on communication, care patterns, and outcomes of dying patients. Methods We examined the charts of 148 patients who had died at a community-based, urban teaching hospital, comparing the end-of-life care provided by community physicians and hospitalists. Results Patients of hospitalists and community-based physicians were similar in age, race, severity of acute illness, and difficulties with activities of daily living. After admission, hospitalists had discussions with patients or their families regarding care more often than did community physicians (91% [67/74] vs. 73% [54/74], P = 0.006) and were more likely to document these discussions themselves. Among patients who were "full code" at admission, there was a trend towards patients of hospitalists receiving comfort care more frequently at the time of death (50% [25/48] vs. 37% [15/40], P = 0.14). Although there were no differences in the use of medications such as long-acting opioids, no symptoms in the 48 hours prior to death were more likely to be noted for patients of hospitalists (47% [n = 35] vs. 31% [n = 23]), P = 0.03). After adjustment for confounding factors in multivariable models, only findings regarding documentation of discussions and symptoms remained statistically significant. Conclusion Hospitalists at a community-based teaching hospital documented substantial efforts to communicate with dying patients and their families, which may have resulted in improved end-of-life care.
Calcium and Phosphorus Balances of Epileptic Children Receiving a Ketogenic Diet.

Three epileptic children, 3,7 and 9 years of age, receiving a ketogenic diet were made the subjects of a metabolic study with special reference to the calcium and phosphorus intake and output. The diets furnished approximately 11/2 gm. of protein per kg. of body weight per day, and an energy value sufficient for average activity. The diet of the youngest child contained 2 gm. of potential fatty acid to each gm. of potential glucose. In the diets of the older children this ratio was 2.5:1. Each patient was excreting ketone bodies in considerable quantities and no epileptic symptoms were manifested during the period of observation. The diets were planned to include as much calcium and phosphorus as their limited carbohydrate content would allow, and were composed of cream, meat, eggs, butter and low carbohydrate vegetables and fruits. The usual metabolic procedures were employed.In each instance the calcium and phosphorus output exceeded the intake, and the usual excess of excretion of calcium and phosphoru...
Working from the inside out: Implications of breast cancer activism for biomedical policies and practices

Much has been written about women with breast cancer: about women's lifestyles and reproductive strategies as possible risk factors for the disease, factors which impede or facilitate women's participation in mammography screening, ways to involve women in treatment decision-making, and women's ability to cope with breast cancer diagnoses. Seldom do these accounts examine breast cancer from the perspective of women with the disease. This essay presents material from an ethnographic study in the United States to explore the ways that women have come forward as informed consumers and activists working to make biomedical practices more responsive to the needs of women with breast cancer. Insofar as breast cancer activists reflect the concerns of a predominantly white, middle class constituency, however, additional questions are raised concerning their constructions of breast cancer and the problematics of treatment.
Genetic influence on neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of two strains of adult mice.

Abstract Previous studies have suggested that there is a genetic influence on the regulation of cell proliferation and survival within the hippocampus. However, the links between perturbations in neurogenesis and genomic control remain unclear. Here, we examined the impact of mouse strain on four parameters of the neurogenic program, proliferation, migration, differentiation and survival in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus as a means of determining whether allelic variation of two independently derived mouse strains, FVB/NJ and C57BL/6J, modulates basal adult murine dentate gyrus neurogenesis. New cells were labeled with the thymidine analogue 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and their identity was determined immunocytochemically with various phenotypic markers. Consistent with previous studies in other strains of mice, we observed a strain-dependent difference in hippocampal proliferation. Hippocampal cell proliferation in FVB/NJ mice was reduced as compared to animals of the C57BL/6J strain. In contrast, the number of surviving cells in C57BL/6J mice was not significantly different from FVB/NJ mice. Regardless of mouse strain, the majority of surviving BrdU-labeled cells migrated into the granule cell layer and was of a neuronal phenotype. However, fewer surviving cells were located within the granule cell layer of FVB/NJ mice as compared to C57BL/6J mice. Overall, regardless of strain, no significant differences in the relative ratio of neurogenesis versus gliagenesis were observed. These results suggest that genetic background primarily influences newborn cell proliferation and migration, but not differentiation or survival.
Spectra and symmetry in nuclear pairing

We apply the algebraic Bethe ansatz technique to the nuclear pairing problem with orbit dependent coupling constants and degenerate single particle energy levels. We find the exact energies and eigenstates. We show that for a given shell, there are degeneracies between the states corresponding to less than and more than half full shell. We also provide a technique to solve the equations of Bethe ansatz.
Application of rf superconductivity to high-brightness and high-gradient ion beam accelerators

A development program is underway to apply rf superconductivity to the design of continuous-wave (cw) linear accelerators for high-brightness ion beams. Considerable progress has been made both experimentally and theoretically toward this application. Recent tests of niobium resonators for ion acceleration have yielded average accelerating gradients as high as I 8 MV/m. In an experiment with a radio-frequency quadrupole geometry, niobium was found to sustain cw peak surface electric fields as high as 1 28 MV/rn over large (1 0 cml surface areas. Theoretical studies of beam impingement and cumulative beam breakup have also yielded encouraging results. We have also made extensive measurements of the if properties of high-Ta superconductors. In this paper, we summarize our progress and identify current and future work in the areas of accelerator technology and superconducting materials which will build upon it.
Comparison of Milk Mineral, Sodium Tripolyphosphate, and Vitamin E as Antioxidants in Ground Beef in 80% Oxygen Modified Atmosphere Packaging

The antioxidant effects of milk mineral (MM), sodium tripolyphosphate (STP), and vitamin E (E) were tested in raw ground beef packaged in 80% O2 modified atmosphere packaging, and held 1, 4, 7, or 14 d at 2 °C. Two levels of each antioxidant (0.75% and 1.5% MM, 0.25% and 0.5% STP, 50 or 100 ppm E) were compared with control samples without added antioxidants. Vitamin E was mixed with mineral oil or ethanol before mixing with meat samples. Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values were highest (P 10) through 4 d of storage. By day 7, ground beef treatments with added E were brown. After 14 d, ground beef with 0.75% MM was more red (P < 0.05) than other treatments or controls. Thus, 0.75% MM has possible application to prolong red color stability and inhibit lipid oxidation in ground beef packaged in high oxygen atmospheres.
Selective hippocampal lesions disrupt a novel cue effect but fail to eliminate blocking in rabbit eyeblink conditioning.

The classical conditioning task of blocking involves the adding of a novel but redundant stimulus to a previously trained stimulus. Both blocking and novelty detection are thought to involve the hippocampus. Previously, Solomon (1977) found that nonselective aspiration lesions of the hippocampal region eliminated blocking in rabbit eyeblink conditioning. We tested the effects of selective ibotenic acid lesions of the hippocampus on blocking, as well as on novelty detection, when training is switched from a tone conditioned stimulus (CS) to a compound tone‐ light CS in eyeblink conditioning. Selective hippocampal lesions did not eliminate blocking but did lead to a facilitation of conditioned response (CR) acquisition to the tone and to the light, but not to the tone‐ light compound. Selective hippocampal lesions disrupted a CR decrement observed in sham surgical controls when transferred from tone training to tone‐ light training. It appears that although selective hippocampal lesions do not eliminate blocking in eyeblink conditioning, they do disrupt novelty detection and may facilitate learning to a previously blocked cue.
Design for Searching & Finding

Modern user interfaces often contain a search or find components so the user can search for content in the context of the application. While there are common practices, what actually works best in these situations? What kinds of search tasks are the users actually trying to accomplish when they do a search? In this course, we'll review the search and findability issues that users confront in the course of their tasks, and ways in which information can be found. We'll also discuss the ways in which users seek information in social settings. You will learn several key design principles for creating your own search interfaces, as well as coming to understand what is driving people to search.
PYROGLYPHID MITES, XEROPHILIC FUNGI AND ALLERGENIC ACTIVITY IN DUST FROM HOSPITAL MATTRESSES

Dust from mattresses of different composition and age was analysed for mites, xerophilic fungi and allergenic activity. The mites of the genus Demodex were the most abundant (58.2 per cent). Also pyroglyphid mites occurred commonly (36.6 per cent). Pyroglyphid mites were present in small numbers (mean: 1 specimen/0.2 g of dust) in 12 out of the 17 older polyester-foam mattresses. The 11 cotton-horsechair mattresses and the newly used polyester-foam mattresses (three tested) were without them. The dust from the cotton-horsehair mattresses had a significantly higher allergenic activity than from those of polyester-foam. Xerophilic fungi were isolated in three out of 31 mattresses. The species isolated belonged to the genus Aspergillus and Eurotium. E. repens occurred most frequently. Disinfection of mattresses was suggested to have a negative influence on the occurrence of mites and fungi.
Identification of blood biomarkers for psychosis using convergent functional genomics

There are to date no objective clinical laboratory blood tests for psychotic disease states. We provide proof of principle for a convergent functional genomics (CFG) approach to help identify and prioritize blood biomarkers for two key psychotic symptoms, one sensory (hallucinations) and one cognitive (delusions). We used gene expression profiling in whole blood samples from patients with schizophrenia and related disorders, with phenotypic information collected at the time of blood draw, then cross-matched the data with other human and animal model lines of evidence. Topping our list of candidate blood biomarkers for hallucinations, we have four genes decreased in expression in high hallucinations states (Fn1, Rhobtb3, Aldh1l1, Mpp3), and three genes increased in high hallucinations states (Arhgef9, Phlda1, S100a6). All of these genes have prior evidence of differential expression in schizophrenia patients. At the top of our list of candidate blood biomarkers for delusions, we have 15 genes decreased in expression in high delusions states (such as Drd2, Apoe, Scamp1, Fn1, Idh1, Aldh1l1), and 16 genes increased in high delusions states (such as Nrg1, Egr1, Pvalb, Dctn1, Nmt1, Tob2). Twenty-five of these genes have prior evidence of differential expression in schizophrenia patients. Predictive scores, based on panels of top candidate biomarkers, show good sensitivity and negative predictive value for detecting high psychosis states in the original cohort as well as in three additional cohorts. These results have implications for the development of objective laboratory tests to measure illness severity and response to treatment in devastating disorders such as schizophrenia.
Is retrieval mediated after repeated testing

In 2 main experiments, the mediated priming effect was used to determine whether retrieval continues to be mediated after repeated testing. In each experiment, participants used the keyword method to learn French vocabulary, then completed a modified lexical decision task in which they first translated a French word, and then made a lexical decision on a semantic associate either of the keyword or of the English translation, a semantically unrelated word, or a nonword. In Experiment 2, the amount of testing was varied before the lexical decision task. A mediated priming effect was found with limited testing, consistent with mediated retrieval as proposed by both the working memory mediation model and the mediator effectiveness hypothesis, but not after extended testing, consistent with direct retrieval as proposed by the direct access model.
Subpixel eye gaze tracking

This paper addresses the accuracy problem of an eye gaze tracking system. We first analyze the technical barrier for a gaze tracking system to achieve a desired accuracy, and then propose a subpixel tracking method to break this barrier. We present new algorithms for detecting the inner eye corner and the center of an iris at subpixel accuracy, and we apply these new methods in developing a real-time gaze tracking system. Experimental results indicate that the new methods achieve an average accuracy within 1.4/spl deg/ using normal eye image resolutions.
JUDICIALIZED PROCEDURES IN REGULATORY POLICY IMPLEMENTATION

The effect of changes in formal administrative procedure on policy implementation is a subject of considerable controversy. It has been traditionally argued that requiring elaborate, “judicialized” procedures for administrative adjudication contributes to sluggish, ineffective regulation. However, the continued strength of the public advocacy movement suggests that such procedures may be used by pro-regulatory forces to instigate more vigorous regulation by agencies. This article addresses the issue through a comparative state analysis. Using environmental policy as a context for study, the association between the judicialization of procedure and the aggressiveness of regulation is measured.
Nuclear issues and analysis for ARIES spherical and advanced tokamaks

During the past few years, the ARIES team has developed advanced designs to identify the physics and technology areas of high leverage for achieving environmentally attractive and economically competitive fusion power plants. This paper documents the key neutronics parameters and identifies the nuclear issues for the most recent spherical and advanced tokamak designs. The nuclear assessment played an important role during the design process. For instance, the excessive radiation damage to the resistive magnet of the spherical tokamak design provided strong incentives to shield the center post in order to prolong its lifetime and enhance the overall power balance. At present, a number of advanced blanket concepts based on the SiC/SiC composites are being investigated for the advanced tokamak study. An assessment of the breeding performance of the candidate breeders (LiPb, LiSn, and FLiBe) was conducted. The design implications are discussed along with issues related to the limited breeding potential of the LiSn and FLiBe breeders.
Candidate stress genes of Nitrosomonas europaea for monitoring inhibition of nitrification by heavy metals

Heavy metals have been shown to be strong inhibitors of nitrification in wastewater treatment plants. In this research, the effects of cadmium, copper, and mercury on Nitrosomonas europaea were studied in quasi-steady-state batch reactors. When cells were exposed to 1 microM CdCl2, 6 microM HgCl2, or 8 microM CuCl2, ammonia oxidation rates were decreased by about 90%. Whole-genome transcriptional and proteomic responses of N. europaea to cadmium were used to identify heavy metal stress response genes. When cells were exposed to 1 microM CdCl2 for 1 h, 66 genes (of the total of 2,460 genes) were upregulated, and 50 genes were downregulated more than twofold. Of these, the mercury resistance genes (merTPCADE) averaged 277-fold upregulation under 1 microM CdCl2, with merA (mercuric reductase) showing 297-fold upregulation. In N. europaea cells exposed to 6 microM HgCl2 or to 8 microM CuCl2, merA showed 250-fold and 1.7-fold upregulation, respectively. Cells showed the ability to recover quickly from Hg2+-related toxic effects, apparently associated with upregulation of the mercury resistance genes and amoA, but no such recovery was evident in Cd2+-exposed cells even though merTPCADE were highly upregulated. We suggest that the upregulation of merA in response to CdCl2 and HgCl2 exposure may provide a means to develop an early-warning indicator for inhibition of nitrification by these metals.
Application of Stress Diffusers to Beam-to-Column Connection

A high degree of local bending was observed in the beam flange of a beam-to-column connection modeled with 3D finite-element analyses. The regions of high stress concentration were shown to occur at the weld access hole and the intersection of the bottom beam flange and column flange. The use of a specially designed part termed a “stress diffuser” with a beam-to-column connection, in which the beam web and bottom beam flange are separated near the weld access hole, was found to eliminate the high stress concentration at the weld access hole and reduce the high degree of local bending in the beam flange by 49%. The maximum principal stress at 2.54 mm from the column face was reduced by 31%.
CLASSROOM TECHNOLOGY REVIEWS

This CD-ROM is intended primarily for high school biology classes and presents animations and simulations of cell structures and processes. Teachers can use the CD-ROM as a visual aid to show the functions of a cell and its organelles. For students it can be used as an interactive study guide. With the Virtual Tutor you can assess your knowledge. In concept this is an excellent CD-ROM for teaching and learning the functions of a cell. Overall, I found all of the concepts, narrations, and onscreen text to be detailed and accurate. The initial start-up was very easy. I put the CD-ROM into the drive and
Mechanisms of Rodent Liver Carcinogenesis

Stimulation of DNA synthesis by peroxisome proliferators, including DEHP, should be viewed differently from the stimulation of DNA synthesis by xenobiotic chemicals which stimulate restorative hyperplasia after hepatic necrosis induced by the toxicity of the chemical. The emerging picture of the control mechanisms for hepatocyte proliferation suggests that rather few and distinct factors are involved. The stimulation of DNA synthesis by peroxisome proliferators should be examined in the context of the effects of these factors. Comparisons with other xenobiotics show that induction of DNA synthesis at rates comparable to those of peroxisome proliferators is not sufficient to explain the rates of carcinogenicity associated with peroxisome proliferators. These considerations lead to the conclusion that although DNA synthesis enhances the incidence of neoplasia, it should not be viewed as a complete carcinogen, nor should it be considered as resulting in initiation at rates that can explain the carcinogenic potency of compounds such as peroxisome proliferators.
Immunohistochemical Demonstration of Francisella Tularensis in Lesions of Cats with Tularemia

An immunohistochemical test was developed and validated for detection of Francisella tularensis antigen in tissues of cats with fatal tularemia. Ten cases of naturally occurring tularemia in cats were positive both by isolation of F. tularensis and immunohistochemical identification of F. tularensis antigen. Nine additional cases with lesions typical of tularemia were positive for F. tularensis antigen, although bacterial cultures were not performed. Immunohistochemical identification of F. tularensis in formalin-fixed tissue is valuable for establishing a rapid etiologic diagnosis under circumstances where fresh tissues may not be available for isolation and identification of the organism.
On the mapping problem using simulated annealing

Mapping a problem graph of communicating tasks onto a network graph of processing elements so that the communication distance is minimized and the problem graph is evenly distributed over the network, is an NP-complete problem. The authors demonstrate that an approximation technique called simulated annealing can be applied to find acceptable solutions to this problem. For this purpose, they first develop a distance-variance metric to estimate the goodness of a mapping. The authors then present evidence that, with a regular network topology, there are no significant local minima in the space of possible solutions. Hence, a faster form of simulated annealing called quenching becomes appropriate for the mapping problem. >
Target Tracking By A New Class Of Cost-Reference Particle Filters

Standard particle filters have shown excellent performance in many challenging scenarios of target tracking, and therefore they often are the method of choice. In cases when there is no knowledge about the noise distributions in the studied system, one cannot use these methods or will use them with assumptions that in general may lead to very poor results. An alternative to standard particle filters are the cost-reference particle filters. They are also based on the principle of exploring the state-space by drawing particles in that space but they do not require probabilistic information about the system. As with all particle-based filters, an important step in the implementation of cost-reference particle filters is the generation of new particles. In this paper we propose a new class of cost-reference particle filters which uses the extended Kalman filter for drawing of candidate particles. We demonstrate the performance of these filters on target tracking problems. We compare the new filter with traditional ones by simulated experiments.