cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial adjustment among cancer survivors: findings from a national survey of health and well-being.

Objective:The current study examined whether cancer survivors showed impairment, resilience, or growth responses relative to a sociodemographically matched sample in four domains: mental health and mood, psychological well-being, social well-being, and spirituality. The impact of aging on psychosocial adjustment was also investigated.Design:Participants were 398 cancer survivors who were participants in the MIDUS survey (Midlife in the United States) and 796 matched respondents with no cancer history. Psychosocial assessments were completed in 1995‐1996 and 2004‐2006.Main Outcome Measures: Outcomes including self-report measures of mental health and mood, psychological well-being, social well-being, and spirituality.Results:Findings indicated that cancer survivors demonstrated impairment relative to the comparison group in mental health, mood, and some aspects of psychological well-being. Longitudinal analyses spanning pre- and postdiagnosis clarified that while mental health declined after a cancer diagnosis, poorer functioning in other domains existedpriorto diagnosis. However, survivors exhibited resilient social well-being, spirituality, and personal growth. Moreover, age appeared to confer resiliency; older survivors were more likely than younger adults to show psychosocial functioning equivalent to their peers.Conclusion:While younger survivors may be at risk for disturbances in mental health and mood, cancer survivors show resilience in other important domains of psychosocial adjustment.
Particle adhesion and removal mechanisms in post-CMP cleaning processes

Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) is considered as the paradigm shift that enabled optical photolithography to continue down to 0.12 /spl mu/m. Currently, the polishing physics is not well defined though it is known that the nature of the process makes particle removal after CMP difficult and necessary. It is important to understand the particle adhesion mechanisms resulting from the polishing process and the effect-of the adhering force on particle removal in post-CMP cleaning processes. In this paper, strong particle adhesion is shown to be caused by chemical reactions (after initial hydrogen bonding) that take place in the presence of moisture and long aging time. In particle removal using brush cleaning, contact between the particle and the brush is essential to the removal of submicron particles. In noncontact mode, 0.1-/spl mu/m particle can hardly be removed when the brush is more than 1 /spl mu/m away from the particle. While in full contact mode, removal is possible for a 0.1-/spl mu/m particle at the investigated brush rotational speeds. The experimental data shows that high removal efficiency (low number of defects) is possible with a high brush pressure and a short cleaning time.
A digital signal processor yields enhanced data/FAX pump

The recent introduction of powerful special purpose semiconductor digital signal processing (DSP) circuits allows the implementation of complex and high performance communications functions. Specifically, the integration of such DSP circuits provides high speed communications capabilities to workstations and personal computers (PCs) for communication across the public switching telephone network (PSTN). The Motorola DSP56000 and DSP56300 family members of DSP circuits, designed as V.34 Plus data/V.17 fax/voice data pump modems, efficiently implement such functions. A data pump is a self-contained function block implemented with a combination of DSP circuitry and internal memory, that requires an analog front end and an external processor for control, but no additional user software programming is required. The data pump is responsible for the signal modulation and demodulation, coding, low level training, line equalization, echo canceling and the many other layer one (and part of layer two) functions such as those required by the V.34 Plus data modem and V.17 fax standards. By the simple addition of a DSP data/fax/voice pump, workstations and PCs can communicate with data resources such as electronic mail systems, bulletin boards, public data bases, Internet Service Providers (ISPs), corporate data bases, distant local area networks (LANs) and other PCs. Workstations and PCs now not only have the ability to be linked via a high speed V.34 Plus telephone modem but also provide many additional functions such as a telephone dialer, a telephone answering machine, a hands-free speakerphone, and a facsimile machine amongst others. Further, users can implement a direct digital modem (DDM) efficiently connecting an Integrated Services Digital Networks Services (ISDN) terminal adapter (TA) either to a far-end ISDN TA, or an analog modem which normally requires significant and complex circuitry. Similarly, the implementation of a "modem pool" is now implemented in a cost effective manner at ISPs and enterprise central sites. This paper examines and suggests solutions in the employment of advanced DSP circuits to provide cost effective and versatile data/fax pumps platforms for remote access for single users applications,and multichannel data/fax pumps serving enterprise network servers and ISPs applications.
Substituent effects on the gas-phase fragmentation reactions of sulfonium ion containing peptides†

The multistage mass spectrometric (MS/MS and MS3) gas-phase fragmentation reactions of methionine side-chain sulfonium ion containing peptides formed by reaction with a series of para-substituted phenacyl bromide (XBr where X=CH2COC6H4R, and R=--COOH, --COOCH3, --H, --CH3 and --CH2CH3) alkylating reagents have been examined in a linear quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer. MS/MS of the singly (M+) and multiply ([M++nH](n+1)+) charged precursor ions results in exclusive dissociation at the fixed charge containing side chain, independently of the amino acid composition and precursor ion charge state (i.e., proton mobility). However, loss of the methylphenacyl sulfide side-chain fragment as a neutral versus charged (protonated) species was observed to be highly dependent on the proton mobility of the precursor ion, and the identity of the phenacyl group para-substituent. Molecular orbital calculations were performed at the B3LYP/6-31+G** level of theory to calculate the theoretical proton affinities of the neutral side-chain fragments. The log of the ratio of neutral versus protonated side-chain fragment losses from the derivatized side chain were found to exhibit a linear dependence on the proton affinity of the side-chain fragmentation product, as well as the proton affinities of the peptide product ions. Finally, MS3 dissociation of the nominally identical neutral and protonated loss product ions formed by MS/MS of the [M++H]2+ and [M++2H]3+ precursor ions, respectively, from the peptide GAILM(X)GAILK revealed significant differences in the abundances of the resultant product ions. These results suggest that the protonated peptide product ions formed by gas-phase fragmentation of sulfonium ion containing precursors in an ion trap mass spectrometer do not necessarily undergo intramolecular proton 'scrambling' prior to their further dissociation, in contrast to that previously demonstrated for peptide ions introduced by external ionization sources.
A comprehensive investigation of the high speed overhead-cam valve train dynamics in small internal combustion engine

Comprehensive experiments are carried out concerning the dynamic characteristics of high speed valve trains. The experimental data are used to determine the dynamic coefficients of a combined dynamic model. The combined dynamic model is applied to predict the occurrence of the valve bounce. The simulation results show good agreement with measured valve displacements for a OHC engine.
Analysis of Polarimetric Radar Data and Soil Moisture From Aquarius: Towards a Regression-Based Soil Moisture Estimation Algorithm

Many soil moisture radar retrieval algorithms depend on substantial amounts of ancillary data, such as land cover type and soil composition. To address this issue, we examine and expand an empirical approach by Kim and van Zyl as an alternative; it describes radar backscatter of a vegetated scene as a linear function of volumetric soil moisture, thus reducing the dependence on ancillary data. We use 2.5 years of L-band Aquarius radar and radiometer derived soil moisture data to determine the two polarization dependent parameters on a global scale and on a weekly basis. We propose a look-up table based soil moisture estimation approach; it is promising due to its simplicity and independence of ancillary data. However, the estimation performance is found to be impacted by the used land cover classification scheme. Our results show that the sensitivity of the radar signal to soil moisture changes seasonally, and that the variation differs depending on vegetation class. While this seasonal variation can be relatively small, it must be properly accounted for as it impacts the soil moisture retrieval accuracy.
Graphene Field-Effect Transistors for Radio-Frequency Flexible Electronics

Flexible radio-frequency (RF) electronics require materials which possess both exceptional electronic properties and high-strain limits. While flexible graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs) have demonstrated significantly higher strain limits than FETs fabricated from thin films of Si and III-V semiconductors, to date RF performance has been comparatively worse, limited to the low GHz frequency range. However, flexible GFETs have only been fabricated with modestly scaled channel lengths. In this paper, we fabricate GFETs on flexible substrates with short channel lengths of 260 nm. These devices demonstrate extrinsic unity-power-gain frequencies, f max , up to 7.6 GHz and strain limits of 2%, representing strain limits an order of magnitude higher than the flexible technology with next highest reported f max .
Safety of pediatric neuroimaging.

Often we must remind clinicians, and even ourselves, of the active role radiologists must play in monitoring the bioeffects of imaging modalities. Radiologists who perform pediatric imaging studies are aware of the responsibilities we have toward children while they are in our care. A number of reports by radiologists (1‐3) have outlined steps required to perform sedation in the pediatric population safely and effectively. Radiologists have had an important role in protecting our children from unnecessary exposure to ionizing radiation, radioisotopes, ultrasound, magnetic resonance (MR), contrast media of all types, and therapeutic radiation by curtailing their overuse. As new frontiers develop in imaging, so will new frontiers develop in our responsibilities in patient care. In this issue of AJNR, the report by Philbin et al (4) on the changes in vital signs that term neonates may have when undergoing MR imaging is a brief reminder of the responsibilities we all share. Their report documents fluctuations in heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation in one group of neonates who underwent MR imaging. Appropriately, this group was compared with a control group that had similar sedation and physical conditions but did not undergo MR, and failed to demonstrate similar physiologic fluctuations. However, it should be added that by current observation, none in the patient group appeared to suffer any significant harmful effect as a result of this experience. We are left with little indication of the justification of and need for MR imaging in the patient group, to help us form an opinion of risk versus benefit. This issue certainly requires further observation and study. The sensitivity of the stable and unstable preterm as well as term neonate to outside stimuli is well known. Detecting the harmful effects of these is difficult, but the tendency and potential for physiologic fluctuations such as witnessed by the authors generally increases with decreasing gestational age. These fluctuations are certainly real, but whether they are actually harmful remains to be established. There is more than substantial justification to explore the potential benefit of MR imaging in the evaluation of brain injury in both the preterm and the term infant. The potential of more advanced MR applications such as perfusion imaging, diffusion imaging, and MR spectroscopy to further our understanding of anoxic and ischemic injury to the developing brain is substantial. The question is not whether we should proceed with such research, but how we are to proceed safely. This is the responsibility of all who use current and future technologies in imaging. The primary question still is risk versus benefit. This is an issue that we as radiologists face daily, whenever we order an examination of a neonate, child, or adult. Studies of safety must proceed as must studies of efficacy, but neither can proceed without some consideration of the other. Clinicians and radiologists have always agreed on one key point, perhaps from a slightly different perspective—that the welfare of the patient should always come first.
Reducing the Cost of Ex Post Bailouts with Ex Ante Regulation: Evidence from Building Codes

The government acting as an insurer of last resort can cause moral hazard if agents respond by taking on more risk or reducing private insurance coverage, thinking they will be bailed out. Theoretically, ex ante measures can ameliorate this problem, but it is not known how effective actual policies are in reducing ex post government spending. Using instrumental variables and detailed building codes data, I show that stricter building codes reduce the amount of money spent by the federal government following a hurricane. Specifically, I find that raising the required wind speed a building must withstand by 1 mile per hour decreases the amount of money subsequently spent by the federal government by 2.2-4% or $14,000-$25,600 per affected zip code during a hurricane. I also show that this decrease is entirely driven by reduced aid to homeowners as opposed to renters.
Quantum evaporation reveals Bose condensate in superfluid helium

Superfluidity in liquid helium ranks as one of the most fascinating discoveries in physics this century Helium, which liquefies at 4–5 K, behaves as a conventional liquid just below the condensation point, but undergoes a phase transition when the temperature is lowered to about 2.2 K. In this new phase, known as the superfluid phase, both the viscosity and thermal conductivity of the liquid drop to zero.
Long-term safety assessment of CO2 storage: The scenario approach

Publisher Summary The chapter aims at the improvement of the risk assessment methodology for health, safety and environment of CO2 storage in various geological media. The method could be used also in analyzing the effectiveness of underground CO2 storage as a CO2 emission reduction option. A methodology for long-term safety assessment of underground CO2 storage exists, which accounts for comprehensiveness and physical soundness particularly needed in long-term assessments. Turning an assessment on the basis of this methodology into a success not only relies on the technical merits of the method but also on the quality of the input and test data.
DMS-MaPseq for genome-wide or targeted RNA structure probing in vivo

DMS-MaPseq enables genome-wide and target-specific RNA secondary structure probing of even rare or heterogeneously structured RNAs in vivo and was used to study structure involved in translation regulation as well as nascent transcripts.
A Calibrated Method of Massage Therapy Decreases Systolic Blood Pressure Concomitant With Changes in Heart Rate Variability in Male Rats.

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to develop a method for applying calibrated manual massage pressures by using commonly available, inexpensive sphygmomanometer parts and validate the use of this approach as a quantitative method of applying massage therapy to rodents. Methods Massage pressures were monitored by using a modified neonatal blood pressure (BP) cuff attached to an aneroid gauge. Lightly anesthetized rats were stroked on the ventral abdomen for 5 minutes at pressures of 20 mm Hg and 40 mm Hg. Blood pressure was monitored noninvasively for 20 minutes following massage therapy at 5-minute intervals. Interexaminer reliability was assessed by applying 20 mm Hg and 40 mm Hg pressures to a digital scale in the presence or absence of the pressure gauge. Results With the use of this method, we observed good interexaminer reliability, with intraclass coefficients of 0.989 versus 0.624 in blinded controls. In Long-Evans rats, systolic BP dropped by an average of 9.86% ± 0.27% following application of 40 mm Hg massage pressure. Similar effects were seen following 20 mm Hg pressure (6.52% ± 1.7%), although latency to effect was greater than at 40 mm Hg. Sprague-Dawley rats behaved similarly to Long-Evans rats. Low-frequency/high-frequency ratio, a widely-used index of autonomic tone in cardiovascular regulation, showed a significant increase within 5 minutes after 40 mm Hg massage pressure was applied. Conclusions The calibrated massage method was shown to be a reproducible method for applying massage pressures in rodents and lowering BP.
How dare you call us diplomats

Amaya Moro-Martin is furious about Spanish government attempts to brand her and other exiled scientists as strategic partners.
An Exterior View Of Modules And Sheaves

In this expository note I will explain an explicit version of the Bernstein-Gel’fand-Gerfand correspondence between coherent sheaves on a projective space and graded modules over an exterior algebra. In particular I will describe the connection of free resolutions over the exterior algebra with cohomology of sheaves, and with the Chow form, topics taken from various joint work with Gunnar Floystad and Frank-Olaf Schreyer.
A Nose for Hydrogen Gas: Fast, Sensitive H2 Sensors Using Electrodeposited Nanomaterials.

ConspectusHydrogen gas (H2) is odorless and flammable at concentrations above 4% (v/v) in air. Sensors capable of detecting it rapidly at lower concentrations are needed to “sniff” for leaked H2 wherever it is used. Electrical H2 sensors are attractive because of their simplicity and low cost: Such sensors consist of a metal (usually palladium, Pd) resistor. Exposure to H2 causes a resistance increase, as Pd metal is converted into more resistive palladium hydride (PdHx). Sensors based upon Pd alloy films, developed in the early 1990s, were both too slow and too insensitive to meet the requirements of H2 safety sensing.In this Account, we describe the development of H2 sensors that are based upon electrodeposited nanomaterials. This story begins with the rise to prominence of nanowire-based sensors in 2001 and our demonstration that year of the first nanowire-based H2 sensor. The Pd nanowires used in these experiments were prepared by electrodepositing Pd at linear step-edge defects on a graphite electrod...
How Makeup Rituals Transform Makeup Wearers and Their Romantic Interests

This research shows that the ritual of applying makeup is more than cosmetic. Results of a qualitative study and a quantitative study that each employed a makeup ritual intervention between a pretest and posttest indicate that the process and time devoted to putting on makeup and the self-reflection the ritual entails empower women beyond a boost in self-esteem. It inspires them to be more than objects of “the gaze,” to be agents of their own romantic relationships via increased playfulness toward romantic partners, initiatives that were frequently reciprocated and that strengthened the romantic relationships. Our findings were used by Revlon to develop a successful social media campaign featuring the video “Love Test.”
One City, Two Systems: Chengzhongcun in China’s Urban System

AbstractChengzhongcun, or ‘villages-in-the-city’, have been a major feature of China’s urban landscape in the post-Mao era. The existing literature largely casts them as side effects of rapid urbanization or a momentary oddity of market transition providing temporary solutions to urban needs until more efficient mechanisms for affordable housing and social welfare are developed. This article positions chengzhongcun within the broader system of unequal exchange that is at the heart of China’s rural–urban dual system and development model. This article argues that chengzhongcun are an inherent feature of China’s post-Mao urbanization model, a physical manifestation of its dual system that differentially regulates people and space according to their classifications as ‘rural’ or ‘urban’. China’s urban development must be understood as a product of this dual system based on the exploitation of the rural sector, including its land, property and people.
3D radar wavefield migration of comet interiors

Abstract Imaging the interior structure of small planetary bodies facilitates a deep understanding of their origin and evolution, thus addressing fundamental questions about the formation of the Solar System. We show that high resolution 3D imaging of their interior structure is possible using radar waves that reflect from internal discontinuities of dielectric properties. A radar imaging mission at a comet nucleus would have the benefit of orbiting all around a finite and transparent body, collecting echoes that derive only from the target, and processing them collectively in phase. As is the case in the medical field, imaging a comet nucleus requires its illumination from multiple directions, which can be accomplished with a spacecraft in slow polar orbit around the studied object. Long acquisition time leads to a dense acquisition array resembling that of conventional synthetic aperture radar systems, but completely surrounding the nucleus ( 4 π steradians). Acquisition with an orbiter at large distance from the comet nucleus ( 5 × the mean diameter) results in relatively coarse data sampling relative to the radar wavelength, thus enabling 3D imaging with a short ( 90 days) mission. Radar migration is performed using techniques adapted from terrestrial exploration seismology. Wavefield migration identifies interior reflectors by time reversal of monostatic radar data redatumed to the known comet surface for computational speed-up. This technique is applicable to nuclei of arbitrary shape and interior complexity, and it is complementary to wavefield tomography tasked with constraining physical properties in-between the interior interfaces. Migration resolution is identical in all directions (range and cross-range) and it is equivalent to the range resolution of the radar system. Least-squares migration enhances resolution further by deconvolution of the radar wavelet from the reflectivity image.
eHealth to Enhance Treatment Adherence Among Youth Living with HIV.

Multiple reviews have examined eHealth/mHealth interventions to address treatment adherence, including those focusing on youth living with HIV (YLWH). This review synthesizes results of prior reviews and recent studies (last 5 years) to provide a path forward for future research, acknowledging both lessons learned and gaps to be addressed. Recent studies provide further evidence for the feasibility and acceptability of technology-based HIV interventions. Formative research of more comprehensive smartphone applications and pilot studies of computer-delivered interventions provide additional guidance on YLWH’s preferences for intervention components and show promising preliminary efficacy for impacting treatment adherence. Expanding access to technology among YLWH, in the United States (US) and globally, supports the continued focus on eHealth/mHealth interventions as a means to reduce disparities in clinical outcomes. Future research should lend greater focus to implementation and scale-up of interventions through the use of adaptive treatment strategies that include costing analyses, measuring and maximizing engagement, fostering information sharing between researchers, and building upon sustainable platforms.
Continuous Suspended Load Sampler

Knowledge of the response of sediment particles to the hydraulic forces produced by shoaling waves is essential in studies of both large and small scale sedimentation patterns along sandy coasts. While accurate fluid-flow measurements are possible in even the most energetic nearshore waters because of technological advances in commercially available current meters, the technology for measuring sediment response is far less satisfactory (Downing, 1978). Direct samplers such as pumps (Watts, 1953; Fairchild, 1973) and water corers (Kana, 1979; Inman et al., 1980) can provide accurate data but are limited by spatial and temporal resolution. Optical instruments previously used (Brenninkmeyer, 1974, 1976) had excellent frequency response but lacked dynamic range; they also were subject to interference from gas bubbles entrained by breaking waves. In order to integrate sediment dynamics studies into the surf zone dynamics aspects of NSTS, it was necessary, therefore, to design and develop new instrumentation to measure the spatial and temporal characteristics of the suspended sediment concentration field.
Wafer-scale fabrication of CMOS-compatible, high aspect ratio encapsulated nanochannels

Nanochannels are key structures in nanofluidics for a variety of different applications. However, typical nanochannel fabrication methods are ill-suited for full integration with other microfabricated components or devices. Here, nanochannels with an aspect ratio (length to cross-sectional dimension) of greater than 400 000 were demonstrated—where the width (35–40 nm) and height (140–150 nm) of the channels are sufficiently small to elongate macromolecules—at channel lengths on the order of millimeters. These channels were fabricated with a CMOS-compatible toolset, allowing for the batch fabrication of a multitude of channels and with the further potential of full integration with solid-state electronic and photonic devices on the same wafer. Finally, the versatility of the nanochannel fabrication platform was demonstrated by loading the channels with six different liquids, and it was verified that the fluid flow dynamics for each liquid can be well estimated with Washburn's equation.
Outcomes Associated with Opioid Use in Cardiothoracic Transplant Recipients

Purpose Several recent studies have linked opioid use to increased rates of hospital readmissions, graft loss, and death in solid organ transplant recipients. However, there is limited data in cardiothoracic transplant recipients (CTRs). The aim of this study was to assess the impact of opioid use in CTRs. Methods This was a single center, retrospective study of adult CTRs transplanted from 10/1/2015-10/1/2016. Patients were excluded if graft loss or death occurred during the index hospitalization. Opioid use was assessed both 1-year prior to and 1-year after transplantation, excluding hospitalization. Data was collected via EMR that incorporated insurance claims of opioid fill history. The primary endpoint was the incidence of the composite of BPAR, graft loss or death within 1 year, and 30-day hospital readmission. Results A total of 84 CTRs were transplanted during the study period, with 79 patients meeting the inclusion criteria. There was no difference in the incidence of the primary outcome in patients who used opioids compared to non-opioid users (47.7% vs 60%, p=0.278), or in the individual components of the primary outcomes. Pre-transplant opioid users had no difference in outcomes compared to patients without pre-transplant opioid use (44.4% vs 55.7%, p=0.398). Post-transplant opioid use was common (48.1%), however, also did not impact the primary outcome (50% vs 56.1%, p=0.587). Further analysis found no differences in the duration of opioid use, the average daily amount of opioid use, or the type of transplant. Conclusion Contrary to previous studies, opioid use had no significant impact on transplant-related outcomes in CTRs.
Choosing directions for rules

In "expert systems" and other applications of logic programming, the issue arises of whether to use rules for forward or backward inference, i.e. whether deduction should be driven by the facts available to the program or the questions that are put to it. Often some mixture of the two is cheaper than using either mode exclusively. We show that, under two restrictive assumptions, optimal choices of directions for the rules can be made in time polynomial in the number of rules in a recursion-free logic program. If we abandon either of these restrictions, the optimal choice is NP-complete. A broad range of cost measures can be used, and can be combined with bounds on some element of the total cost.
The 7 Reasons Most Econometric Investments Fail (Presentation Slides)

This presentation reviews the main reasons why investment strategies discovered through econometric methods fail. As a solution, it proposes the modernization of the statistical methods used by financial firms and academic authors. This material is part of Cornell University's ORIE 5256 graduate course at the School of Engineering.
Liability and Insurance and Their Influence on Safety Management of Industrial Operations and Products

This issue of the Journal of Risk Research features the Introduction and six papers presented at an international workshop held in October 2012 under the auspices of the Foundation for Industrial Safety in Toulouse, France. The contents include: Introduction, Michael Baram; The Complementary Roles of Liability and Insurance and their Influence in Safety Management Theory and Practice, Michael Faure; Soft Law Mechanisms for Nanotechnology, Gary Marchant; On the Joint Use of Safety Regulation and Civil Liability to Promote Safe Management of Hazardous Operations, Pierre Bentata; Regulation of Risk Management of Medical Devices and the Role of Litigation; Bastien de Mol; Accident Causation Models, Management and the Law, Patrick Hudson; Liability, Blame and Causation in Norwegian Risk Regulation, Jacob Kringen.
A text analytics framework for automated communication pattern analysis

Abstract Human-coding reliant conversation analysis methods are ineffective when analyzing large volumes of data. In this paper, we propose a text analytics framework for automated conversation pattern analysis. This framework first extracts speech acts (i.e., activities) from conversation logs, and then analyzes their flow through frequent pattern mining algorithms to reveal insightful communication patterns. Using a real-world data set collected from a customer service center, we demonstrate the usefulness of the framework for identifying patterns that are associated with service quality outcomes. Our work has implications for the design of communication policies and systems for customer service management.
Impacts of Medicaid Expansion on Health Among Women of Reproductive Age.

Introduction Preconception and interconception health care are critical means of identifying, managing, and treating risk factors originating before pregnancy that can harm fetal development and maternal health. However, many women in the U.S. lack health insurance, limiting their ability to access such care. State-level variation in Medicaid eligibility, particularly before and after the 2014 Medicaid expansions, offers a unique opportunity to test the hypothesis that increasing healthcare coverage for low-income women can improve preconception and interconception healthcare access and utilization, chronic disease management, overall health, and health behaviors. Methods In 2018–2019, data on 58,365 low-income women aged 18–44 years from the 2011–2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were analyzed, and a difference-in-difference analysis was used to examine the impact of Medicaid expansions on preconception health. Results Expanded Medicaid eligibility was associated with increased healthcare coverage and utilization, better self-rated health, and decreases in avoidance of care because of cost, heavy drinking, and binge drinking. Medicaid eligibility did not impact diagnoses of chronic conditions, smoking cessation, or BMI. Medicaid eligibility was associated with greater gains in health insurance, utilization, and health among married (vs unmarried) women. Conversely, women with any (vs no) dependent children experienced smaller gains in insurance following the Medicaid expansion, but greater take-up of insurance when eligibility increased and larger behavioral responses to gaining insurance. Conclusions Expanded Medicaid coverage may improve access to and utilization of health care among women of reproductive age, which could ultimately improve preconception health.
Implant surface alters compartmental-specific contributions to fixation strength in rats.

Mechanical fixation of the implant to host bone is an important contributor to orthopedic implant survivorship. The relative importance of bone-implant contact, trabecular bone architecture, and cortical bone geometry to implant fixation strength has never been directly tested, especially in the settings of differential implant surface properties. Thus, using a rat model where titanium rods were placed into the intramedullary canal of the distal femur, we determined the relative contribution of bone-implant contact and peri-implant bone architecture to the fixation strength in implants with different surface roughness: highly polished and smooth (as-received) and dual acid-etched (DAE) implants. Using a training set that maximized variance in implant fixation strength, we initially examined correlation between implant fixation strength and outcome parameters from microcomputed tomography and found that osseointegration volume per total volume (OV/TV), trabecular bone volume per total volume (BV/TV), and cortical thickness (Ct.Th) were the single best compartment-specific predictors of fixation strength. We defined separate regression models to predict implant fixation strength for as-received and DAE implants. When the training set models were applied to independent validation sets, we found strong correlations between predicted and experimentally measured implant fixation strength, with r2 = .843 in as received and r2 = .825 in DAE implants. Interestingly, for as-received implants, OV/TV explained more of the total variance in implant fixation strength than the other variables, whereas in DAE implants, Ct.Th had the most explanatory power, suggesting that surface topography of implants affects which bone compartment is most important in providing implant fixation strength.
2019 environment, epigenetics and reproduction.

A conference summary of the fourth 2018 biannual Kenya Africa Conference ‘Environment, Epigenetics and Reproduction’ is provided. A special Environmental Epigenetics issue containing a number of papers in Volume 5, Issue 3 and 4 are discussed.
Hope on the Horizon: Novel Fungal Treatments in Development

The treatment of invasive fungal infections remains challenging due to limitations in currently available antifungal therapies including toxicity, interactions, restricted routes of administration, and drug resistance. This review focuses on novel therapies in clinical development, including drugs and a device. These drugs have novel mechanisms of action to overcome resistance, and some offer new formulations providing distinct advantages over current therapies to improve safety profiles and reduce interactions. Among agents that target the cell wall, 2 glucan synthesis inhibitors are discussed (rezafungin and ibrexafungerp), as well as fosmanogepix and nikkomycin Z. Agents that target the cell membrane include 3 fourth-generation azoles, oral encochleated amphotericin B, and aureobasidin A. Among agents with intracellular targets, we will review olorofim, VL-2397, T-2307, AR-12, and MGCD290. In addition, we will describe neurapheresis, a device used as adjunctive therapy for cryptococcosis. With a field full of novel treatments for fungal infections, the future looks promising.
Determination of mobility and diffusion coefficients of Ar+ and Ar2+ ions in argon gas

It has recently been shown that accurate theoretical calculations can be used to calibrate a drift-tube mass spectrometer (DTMS) to measure gaseous ion mobilities accurate to within 0.6%. Here we present a new method for calibrating a DTMS instrument to obtain diffusion coefficients parallel to the electric field which are accurate to within 8%. This method is developed and verified by consideration of He+ (2S1/2) ions in He. We apply these techniques to determine transport coefficients for Ar+(2P3/2) and Ar2+ (3P2,1,0) ions in Ar gas at 300 K, with results given as a function of E/N, the ratio of electrostatic field strength to gas number density, in the range 30–210 Td. The measured mobilities are accurate within 0.8%; for Ar+ they agree within 1.5% with Monte Carlo simulations, and for both the cations and dications they are in excellent agreement with previous measurements. Our method gives new diffusion coefficients that agree within 5% with quantum Monte Carlo calculations.
Prefrontal gating of sensory input differentiates cognitively impaired and unimpaired aging adults with HIV.

Despite effective therapies that have extended the life expectancy of persons living with HIV, 35-70% of these adults still develop some form of cognitive impairment, and with a growing population of aging adults with HIV, the prevalence of these cognitive deficits is likely to increase. The mechanisms underlying these HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders remain poorly understood but are often accelerated by the aging process and accompanied by disturbances in sensory processing, which may contribute to the observed cognitive decline. The goal of the current study was to identify the impact of aging on HIV-related alterations in inhibitory processing and determine whether such alterations are related to cognitive impairment in neuroHIV. We used magnetoencephalographic imaging, advanced time series analysis methods, and a paired-pulse stimulation paradigm to interrogate inhibitory processing in 87 HIV-infected aging adults and 92 demographically matched uninfected controls (22-72 years old). Whole-brain maps linking age and neural indices were computed for each group and compared via Fisher's Z transformations. Peak voxel time-series data were also extracted from the resulting images to quantify the dynamics of spontaneous neural activity preceding stimulation onset in each group. Whole-brain analyses using the somatosensory gating index, a metric of inhibitory processing and age distinguished impaired adults with HIV from unimpaired HIV-infected adults and controls. Briefly, younger cognitively impaired adults with HIV strongly utilized the prefrontal cortices to gate somatosensory input, and the role of this region in gating was uniquely and significantly modulated by aging only in impaired adults with HIV. Spontaneous neural activity preceding stimulus onset was also significantly elevated in the prefrontal cortices of those with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder, and this elevation was significantly related to the CD4 nadir across both HIV-infected groups. This is the first study to examine the impact of aging on inhibitory processing in HIV-infected adults with and without cognitive impairment. Our findings suggest that young adults with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder utilize the prefrontal cortices to gate (i.e. suppress) redundant somatosensory input, and that this capacity uniquely diminishes with advancing age in impaired adults with HIV.
Successes and challenges of using a peer Mentor model for nutrition education within a food pantry: a qualitative study.

Delivering nutrition education within an emergency food pantry (EFP) provides an opportunity to reach many food insecure households and underserved populations. However, little is known about using a peer mentor model, “Community Cooks,” as a modality to deliver nutrition education within this setting. This research aimed to identify the successes and challenges of using a peer mentor model within an EFP to better understand the best approaches to deliver nutrition education among community residents. In spring 2018, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 peer mentors after they delivered a series of nutrition workshops to community members of the EFP. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the data. All peer mentors were women over 40 years-of-age, were recruited from the EFP community; most were high school graduates and currently received some form of federal nutrition assistance. All peer mentors reported that the “Community Cooks” nutrition education program offered many benefits. Key successes of the program included serving in the role as a peer mentor was an empowering experience which gave them a sense of community, purpose, and camaraderie; 2) the nutrition education was appropriately tailored towards those living with food insecurity; 3) the recipes required minimal cooking skills and included low-cost easily accessible foods available at the EFP. Key challenges of the program were the lack of community member engagement in the nutrition education workshops. Challenges continue to exist when delivering nutrition education within a community EFP setting. While the use of peer mentors to deliver nutrition education messages is promising, more research is needed to quantify the impact of using a peer mentor model in underserved and food insecure communities.
A concept analysis of power

Using Walker and Avant's theory construction strategy, a concept analysis of power was conducted. Within the nursing literature, there exists a dialectic between types of power: power to vs. power over. This dialectic covers a wide range between goal attainment and powerlessness. The aim of this concept analysis was to examine power to for its potential fit with the phenomenon of nurses' lack of participation in professional organizations and on governing boards. The assumptions of this concept analysis are that power to is good, and that as humans with cognitive abilities, nurses have sufficient power to, whether they engage it or not. The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Academic Search Premier, Business Source Elite, Google Scholar, ABI/INFORM Complete, Education Research Complete, Historical Abstracts, and PsychINFO were searched using the keywords power, nursing, and group. Peer-reviewed, scholarly journal articles from 1957 to 2019 were considered. The derived definition of power to is largely unchanged from its 17th century definition: the knowledge, freedom, and intention to do or to effect something. Self-assessing and nurturing knowledge, freedom, and intention, and identifying risk-preference among nurses may yield potential candidates for participation in professional nursing organizations and on governing boards.
Medicaid Expansion and Insurance Reform Under the Affordable Care Act: The New Federalism of Health Policy or the Same Old Same Old?

Federalism in the United States is an ever-changing, push-pull landscape. The respective roles of the states and the federal government have evolved over time in most policy areas, with each level of government assuming more or less scope and influence. Federal law defines and redefines the relationship through statute and regulation. States test, through federally conferred program waivers and state law, the limits of federal law. This chapter explores whether the rejiggered state/federal responsibilities that resulted from the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (PPACA, or the ACA) are similar to, or fundamentally different from, the shift from Aid for Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) to Temporary Aid for Needy Families (TANF). To examine ACA’s influence on state and federal roles, we will look at two specific policy areas: Medicaid and insurance regulation. The Medicaid expansion is a clear illustration of the strength of federal policymaking, even within a federalist relationship. State authority over health insurance regulation has been somewhat more clear-cut throughout the nation’s history, but not entirely lacking ambiguity. For the time being, we seem to be stuck with approaches to health insurance coverage and health insurance regulation that are neither state, nor federal, nor coherently federalist.
Advancing a Modern Ethos for Oneness with All Life Through Archaic Story

Protecting, preserving, or restoring the nature of the ecosystem that has sustained humanity’s rise into the Anthropocene has become more than an existential necessity. This mission today is a matter of species survival. The earth, in its prodigal pragmatism, cares not for the survival of any specific species. Five cycles of great species extinctions mark our measures of geologic time. An Anthropocene extinction may well be part of an earthly tradition. Many might choose to believe that our actions are irrelevant. Such a belief, detached from a sense of oneness with the earth, is immune to direct assault with ominous yet distant presentation of global trends reported to us and also debated by technocratic experts. Voices around us tend to sooth us into embracing the status quo. They encourage us to continue forward, accumulate the blessings of our individual successes, and hold on to an archaic belief that, through some uncertain mechanism, the good among us shall survive (in one world or another). We have is an intuitive sense for justice. This sense appears early and broadly, not only in young children but also in social animals of varying species. Great tragedies like epidemics, wars, and species extinction tell a different tale. While we can be agents of justice, should we so choose, we cannot presume to be beneficiaries of justice based on being “good.” Justice tends to extend itself only to those who visibly “do” good. And here is a central challenge for the people of the world. In the context of a oneness with the earth, what does “doing good” mean? Is such an ethos sufficient as an individual ethos, or must such an ethos become a cultural ethos? And if a culture must change, how might it change?
Towards Designing Human-Centered Time Management Interfaces: The Development of 14 UX Design Guidelines for Time-related Experiences in Mobile HCI

The widespread awareness of the functional role of time in human behaviors has opened up diverse research opportunities for “human-centered” time management mobile interfaces. Although a wide range of time management systems has been researched and developed, there is a need for integrated perspectives to be represented in a more systematic way to allow better implementation of extant findings. To develop human-centered time management interfaces, this paper presents the set-up of the development of UX design guidelines for time-related experiences. We investigate extant design approaches through a systematic literature review. Furthermore, we present the first version of UX design guidelines by synthesizing 31 reviewed articles and 150 relevant design considerations. We expect that our first iteration of the guidelines, which will be reviewed and revised for our next deployment study, will serve as a source of inspiration for further academic and professional research initiatives on users’ time-related experiences.