cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Treatment of postpartum endometritis.

In this study, cefoxitin alone (2 gm, every 8 hours) was generally sufficient to cure postpartum endometritis, even when the patient had received prophylaxis with a β-lactam antibiotic. When single-agent therapy fails, addition of ampicillin usually results in a prompt clinical response.
Phorbol esters inhibit adenylate cyclase activity in cultured collecting tubular cells

Activators of protein kinase C, a calcium- and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase, inhibit vasopressin-stimulated water flow in toad bladder. To determine the biochemical mechanisms of this inhibition, we examined the effects of activators of protein kinase C on arginine vasopressin (AVP)-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in cultured rabbit cortical collecting tubular cells. The phorbol ester, 4 beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), the diacylglycerol, 1-oleyl-2-acetyl glycerol (OAG), and the diacylglycerol kinase inhibitor, R59022, all rapidly activate protein kinase C in collecting tubular cells. Pretreatment with PMA produces a delayed inhibition (greater than or equal to 4 h) of AVP-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity. The 4-h time lag suggests that the effects of protein kinase C are mediated indirectly, possibly as a consequence of stimulating cell proliferation. PMA does not inhibit cholera toxin- or forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity, suggesting an effect on the vasopressin receptor or coupling of the receptor to the stimulatory guanine nucleotide regulatory protein. Neither prostaglandins nor the inhibitory guanine nucleotide regulatory protein appear to mediate this effect. In contrast, treatment with either OAG or R59022 produces a rapid inhibition of both AVP- and forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity suggesting a prominent distal site of action, presumably at the catalytic subunit of adenylate cyclase. The results demonstrate that different activators of protein kinase C inhibit AVP-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity by distinctly different mechanisms possibly by altering the substrate specificity or activating multiple forms of the kinase. These results have important implications when using different activators to study the biological effects of protein kinase C.
The use of Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) for melanoma in situ (MIS) of the trunk and proximal extremities.

Background Evaluation of the entire surgical margin results in high rates of complete excision, low local recurrence rates, and maximal tissue conservation. Although well recognized for melanoma of the head and neck, few studies have focused exclusively on the trunk and proximal extremities. Objective We sought to evaluate the efficacy of Mohs micrographic surgery for melanoma in situ (MIS) of the trunk and proximal extremities, and determine adequate excision margins for MIS when total margin evaluation is not used. Methods Long-term outcomes in 882 cases of MIS treated with Mohs micrographic surgery were analyzed and compared with historical controls. Rates of complete excision were determined for increasing surgical margin intervals. Results One local recurrence occurred in our cohort (0.1%). Only 83% of MIS were excised with a 6-mm margin. Margins of 9 mm were needed to excise 97% of MIS, statistically equivalent to thin melanomas. Limitations We used a nonrandomized, single-institution, retrospective design. Conclusion Mohs micrographic surgery may cure the 17% of MIS that exceed traditional excision margins of 5 mm and is a valuable option for these patients. Surgical margins of at least 0.9 cm should be considered for MIS of the trunk and extremities when total margin evaluation is not used.
Coming of Age: London, Norway, and the Jedburgh-Sussex Negotiations, 1943

In many ways, 1943 was a watershed year for relations between OSS and the British secret services, and it was in London that the parameters for the future development of the relationship as a whole were determined. Donovan’s organization had proven in North Africa and Burma that it was capable of playing a leading role in operations and intended in 1943 to capitalize on its new-found influence with the US Command. It was determined to achieve equality of status with SOE and SIS — whatever the cost to the relationship — in time for the decisive invasion of occupied Europe from the United Kingdom. This was true in spite of the fact that OSS realized that many of its practical shortcomings could only be overcome through continued cooperation with the British, and even integration in certain circumstances under SOE or SIS direction. The British, meanwhile, were to varying degrees in 1943 intent upon retaining as much control over OSS activities as possible. They came to realize, however, that some concessions had to be made if OSS was to be persuaded to contribute the materiel and personnel necessary to realize the ambitious special operations and secret intelligence plans for the coming year. Added to this mix was the propensity of the British and American military establishments to interfere in what had hitherto been largely bilateral OSS-SOE and OSS-SIS negotiations.
Money, employment and inflation: The dynamics of aggregate demand

This chapter explores the implications of various structural lags for the time paths of output, employment, and the rate of return. The various lags considered involve the responses of effective demands to their proximate determinants, the adjustment of expectations regarding future levels of income and the rate of return, and the response of the rate of return to divergences between the demand and supply of financial assets. The analysis focuses on the effects of a change in monetary policy. Section 6.1 considers the model, developed in chapter 3, dealing with the determination of output, employment, and the rate of return under general excess supply. Section 6.2 generalizes the implications of the gradual adjustment phenomenon. Section 6.3 deals with the implications of adaptive expectations. Section 6.4 considers gradual clearing of the financial asset market. Gradual adjustment of money balances As a point of departure for the present discussion, consider the analysis, developed in section 3.4 above, dealing with the determination of output, employment, and the rate of return under general excess supply. This analysis assumes that the given values of the wage rate and price level are such that excess supply exists in the markets for both labor services and commodities. Thus, the effective demands in the respective markets determine output and employment. The analysis also assumes that the rate of return takes that value which is consistent with effective clearing of the financial asset market.
Perturbation analysis of database queries

We present a system, Perada, for parallel perturbation analysis of database queries. Perturbation analysis considers the results of a query evaluated with (a typically large number of) different parameter settings, to help discover leads and evaluate claims from data. Perada simplifies the development of general, ad hoc perturbation analysis by providing a flexible API to support a variety of optimizations such as grouping, memoization, and pruning; by automatically optimizing performance through run-time observation, learning, and adaptation; and by hiding the complexity of concurrency and failures from its developers. We demonstrate Perada's efficacy and efficiency with real workloads applying perturbation analysis to computational journalism.
Predictive Expert Control System of a Hybrid Pilot Rougher Flotation Circuit

Abstract: In the last decades heuristic approaches based on logic rules have been one favored tool to control flotation units and plants on top of distributed control systems. The lack of fundamental knowledge on flotation processes, expressed in reliable models, and programs to assure the quality of the information, contained in available measurements, have limited the developing of robust predictive control strategies. In this paper we explore the idea of using simplified models jointly with measured disturbances to modify the set points of froth depth and air flow rate controllers. Since these target predictions are only approximate, a conventional feedback expert system, based on logic rules, continues the task of calculating new set points of the distributed controllers, in order to decrease the gap between actual and desirable metallurgical targets. This combined actions permitted a fast response of the process to change the operation of the circuit when a measured disturbance change is detected. This control system was implemented and experimentally evaluated in a pilot rougher flotation circuit, with three pneumatic cells, with froth depth and air flow rate controllers in each cell. Since the circuit is operated for the air-water system, a phenomenological model, with parameters estimated from industrial data, is fed on-line with real operating variables and virtual values, characterizing the feed (grades, solids%, particle size distribution), in order to predict the metallurgical targets (recovery and concentrate grade). Several cases are discussed showing the benefits of this control system and the possible improvements to work on.
Conduct Problems Among Runaway and Homeless Teens

Using data from published self-reports and the results from the Missing Persons Project (MPP), this chapter analyzes conduct problems among runaway and homeless youth. In this analysis, the prevalence, risk factors, comorbid conditions, impact, and treatment of conduct problems among runaway and homeless young people are presented.
Soil Microorganisms Can Reduce P Loss from Cropping Systems

Declining supplies of quality phosphate ore and rising costs for P fertilizer, tripled in last 10 years, are changing the economics of food production and consumption. Simultaneously, P applied in crop production continues to be released as a non-point source pollutant that causes widespread degradation of water resources. Strong motivation thus exists to become more efficient in the use of P for crop production. Applications of P fertilizer to crops are commonly guided by single-point-in-time measurements of inorganic P residing in forms that are relatively easy to chemically extract from the soil. While these easily extractable inorganic P forms often represent P that is immediately available for plant uptake, these same P forms also represent P that is most subject to fixation in the soil (decreasing plant availability) or loss from the system via leaching, surface flow, and erosion. Point-in-time measurements ignore the dynamic nature of soil P, since soil biological activities continually transform P into forms with varying mobility and plant-availability and therefore introduce a kinetic aspect to P retention and plant availability. There is an urgent need for an alternative model for managing soil P fertility that accounts for the activities of soil microorganisms in controlling pools and fluxes of soil P and moderating plant P uptake. In this review, we synthesize the emerging literature from different scientific disciplines to provide a foundational understanding of the principles by which native soil microorganisms can improve the efficiency of P use in crop production systems. Following an introduction, we summarize the dual roles of P as a critical resource for food production and an environmental pollutant responsible for economic damages in billions of dollars. In Sect. 2.3 we outline the use of P in fertilization of cropping systems and its possible fates following application. We point out that commonly used indices of fertilization use efficiency fail to account for loss from the system and there is an alternative method that does account for losses. Sect 2.4 summarizes standard schemes for analytical soil P fractionation, their relationship with conventional soil fertility tests, and the limitations of using conventional soil tests to direct P applications. Section 2.5 describes the mechanisms by which soil microorganisms modify P mobility and bioavailability and surveys the emerging literature that demonstrates that microbial biomass turnover and biologically-catalyzed reactions can create an annual flux of 10–40 kg ha−1 plant available P. Section 2.6 documents the role of an obligate plant symbiont, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, in providing P to plant hosts and increasing retention of P in the system. Section 2.7 discusses the relationships between plant and microbial diversity and their influence on soil nutrient dynamics. We conclude with a synthesis of agricultural practices documented to promote soil biomass, diversity, and activities that can improve P retention in crop production systems.
Online Schooling in the United States: A Response to Saultz and Fusarelli

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we discuss some concerns and recommendations of Saultz and Fusarelli (2017), offering nuanced and detailed views of online schooling from a different perspective. This includes addressing challenges regarding online learning such as fluctuating enrollments, financial concerns, quality assurance, and accountability. In addition, we propose recommendations related to funding, better quality data, and oversight and monitoring. We conclude with a short discussion of the need for differentiated research for specific online learning contexts.
B19 parvovirus replicates in circulating cells of acutely infected patients

B19 parvovirus is the etiologic agent of fifth disease and transient aplastic crisis. In natural infections, B19 antigen and DNA have been detected in sera early in the course of aplastic crisis and only rarely in fifth disease. We have found B19 DNA in circulating cells of infected patients by DNA dot blot with a virus-specific probe: in four of four sickle cell patients with aplastic crisis, in one asymptomatic sibling, and in one normal adult with fifth disease. Only two of the sera showed B19 DNA. High-molecular weight intermediate forms were detected by Southern analysis of DNA extracted from cells, thus indicating active replication of virus in cells rather than passive adsorption to their surface membranes. Separation of cells into high- and low-density fractions resulted in a concentration of the virus DNA in the granulocytic fraction.
Surface-induced dissociation of methanol cations: A non-ergodic process

Abstract Dissociation of methanol molecular cations, CH 3 OH + , to CH 2 OH + on collision with a self-assembled monolayer surface of fluorinated alkyl thiol on gold 111 crystal has been studied at 12.5 eV collision energy. Two energetically and spatially distinct processes contribute to the dissociation process: one involving loss of very large amount of energy approaching the initial kinetic energy of the primary ions with scattering of fragment ions over a broad angular range between surface normal and surface parallel while the second process results from small amount of energy loss with fragment ions scattered over a narrow angular range close to the surface parallel. There is a third process with relatively small contribution to total dissociation whose characteristics are very similar to the low energy loss process. These results demonstrate that surface-induced dissociation of methanol cations via hydrogen loss is non-ergodic.
Effect of Exercise Intervention on Flow-Mediated Dilation in Overweight and Obese Adults: Meta-Analysis.

The objective of this meta-analysis is to summarize the effect of exercise intervention on flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) in overweight and obese adults. We searched four electronic databases (PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and CINAHL) through June 2016 for relevant studies pertaining to the effectiveness of exercise intervention on FMD. Seventeen of the 91 studies identified met the inclusion criteria. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (version 3) was used to compute the standardized mean difference effect size (ES) and 95% CI using a random effects model. We calculated 34 ESs. We found that exercise intervention had medium and positive effects on FMD, with an overall ES of 0.522 (95% CI = 0.257, 0.786). Heterogeneity of ESs was observed (Qb = 239, p ≤ 0.001, I2 = 86.19), and the effect was moderated by comorbidity (Qb = 6.39, df = 1, p = 0.011). A large ES for the combination exercise, low intensity exercise, and comorbidity subgroups (ES = 0.82~1.24) was found. We conclude that while exercise intervention significantly improves FMD in overweight and obese adults, the effect may depend on the different characteristics of exercise intervention and on participants' demographics.
Analysis of Bounds on Hybrid Vector Clocks

Hybrid vector clock(s) (HVC) provide a mechanism to combine the theory and practice of distributed systems. Improving on traditional vector clock(s) (VC), HVC utilizes synchronized physical clocks to reduce the size by focusing only on causality where the physical time associated with two events is within a given uncertainty window $\epsilon$ and letting physical clock alone determine the order of events that are outside the uncertainty window. In this paper, we develop a model for determining the bounds on the size of HVC. Our model uses four parameters, $\epsilon$ : uncertainty window, $\delta$ : message delay, $\alpha$ : communication frequency and $n$ : number of nodes in the system. We derive the size of HVC in terms of a delay differential equation, and show that the size predicted by our model is almost identical to the results obtained by simulation. We also identify closed form solutions that provide tight lower and upper bounds for useful special cases. We show that for many practical applications and deployment environments in Amazon EC2, the size of HVC remains only as a couple entries and substantially less than $n$ . Finally, although the analytical results rely on a specific communication pattern they are useful in evaluating size of HVC in different communication scenarios.
The Market P/E Ratio: Stock Returns, Earnings, and Mean Reversion

We revisit the conventional wisdom that high market P/E ratios forecast negative future stock returns. We identify a significant break in the stock return-P/E relationship at high levels of the market P/E. Starting from market P/E ratios of 21 or greater, 10-year real returns are in line with their long-term historical average, and real earnings growth is well above average. Modeling this break in the data and including the effect of several macroeconomic factors results in forecasts of future returns that are considerably more optimistic than those of previous studies. We also show that the way investors use the Fed Model to benchmark the earnings yield on stocks to the 10-year T-note yield has resulted in these two series becoming cointegrated over time. The reciprocal of the E/P ratio, the market P/E, becomes nonstationary about the same time investors begin using the Fed Model (ca. 1960), which means that the P/E ratio can stay above trend for an indefinite period of time. The market P/E no longer displays mean-reverting behavior, implying that high P/E ratios could be with us for the long term.
Eingang des Materials

Die Walzwerke stellen ihr Walzprogramm nach den vorliegenden Auftragen unter Berucksichtigung der einzelnen Profile auf und geben dieses von Zeit zu Zeit bekannt. Bei jeder Abwalzung werden Proben fur die metallurgische Untersuchung entnommen, um nachzuweisen, das das Material den Bedingungen des Bestellers entspricht. Ist das Material auf dem Walzwerk abgenommen, so wird auf jedem Stuck die Nummer der Abwalzung und Querschnittbezeichnung mit Farbe verzeichnet.
Preliminary Findings on Implementing a New Learning Paradigm in Political Science

The essential goal of education is that students develop new skills and knowledge somehow caused by the intervention of the professor and the course presented during one school term. Conventional methods of assessment, especially used in introductory courses, traditionally are insufficient in measuring student knowledge of the subject at the beginning of each course and also lack individualized measures of student progress. This paper reports the results of a novel learning paradigm employed in four sections of an introductory course, American 20th Century Political History, during the summer and fall semesters of 2011 in a small liberal arts college. The paradigm, of my invention, is described in three phrases: “I think I know”; “I know” and “I think”. Approximately 105 students, nearly all freshmen, completed a series of five original research assignments using 20th century media reports contemporaneous with the subject of their choice. They also included post hoc references that provided the long-term scholarly view of the subject. The findings report student reactions and my own analysis of the value of this paradigm. I believe that this paradigm measures the foundational familiarity students have with the subject as a vital baseline (“I think I know’). The second part (“I know”) captures the product of their research. The final part (“I think”) captures the analytical summation, especially by requiring that students place the subject in a larger context, including impacts on American political institutions and subsequent events.
An Exploratory Study of Stress Coping and Resiliency of Black Men at One Medical School: A Critical Race Theory Perspective

Black men have reported a number of stressful experiences during medical school training. Guided by Critical Race Theory, the authors examined the survey responses of 16 Black men who matriculated at one medical school to assess perceptions of medical school stress. The researchers identified several themes: (1) perceived academic inequities created tension between Black and non-Black medical students but provided bonding opportunities among Black male medical students, (2) stress negatively impacted academic performance and personal health, and (3) use of social support and spirituality contributed to coping and resiliency. For Black male medical students, the general stress of medical school can be compounded by additional race-related stress. Supporting the success of Black male medical students requires understanding perceived stressors, a focus on helping Black men build social and spiritual connections that contribute to resiliency, and active efforts at the organizational level to address perceptions of academic inequity.
Constrained optimization as ecological dynamics with applications to random quadratic programming in high dimensions

Quadratic programming (QP) is a common and important constrained optimization problem. Here, we derive a surprising duality between constrained optimization with inequality constraints, of which QP is a special case, and consumer resource models describing ecological dynamics. Combining this duality with a recent "cavity solution," we analyze high-dimensional, random QP where the optimization function and constraints are drawn randomly. Our theory shows remarkable agreement with numerics and points to a deep connection between optimization, dynamical systems, and ecology.
Physiologic serum 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D is inversely associated with prostatic Ki67 staining in a diverse sample of radical prostatectomy patients

To investigate the correlation between serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D, prostatic 25 hydroxyvitamin D, and serum 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D, and their respective associations with prostatic tumor proliferation at the time of radical prostatectomy. In this cross-sectional analysis of 119 men undergoing radical prostatectomy, serum from whole blood and expressed prostatic fluid was collected on the day of surgery. Tumor proliferation was measured in the dominant tumor on formalin-fixed prostatectomy tissues by immunohistochemical staining for Ki67 and quantified by Aperio imaging analysis. The sample included 88 African Americans (74%) and 31 (26%) European Americans. Serum and prostatic levels of 25 hydroxyvitamin D were correlated with each other (Spearman’s rho (ρ) = 0.27, p = 0.004), and there was also a correlation between serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (ρ = 0.34, p < 0.001). Serum and prostatic 25 hydroxyvitamin D levels were not correlated with Ki67 staining in tumor cells. Serum 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D was inversely correlated with Ki67 staining in tumor cells (ρ = − 0.30, p = 0.002). On linear regression, serum 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D was negatively associated with Ki67 staining in tumor cells (β − 0.46, 95% CI − 0.75, − 0.04, p = 0.04). The correlation between physiologic serum levels of 25 hydroxyvitamin D with both prostatic 25 hydroxyvitamin D and serum 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D suggests that serum levels are reasonable biomarkers of vitamin D status. Furthermore, serum 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D has an inverse association with Ki67 staining in tumor cells at physiologic levels and may protect against tumor progression.
Mysidopsis bahia: An estuarine species suitable for life-cycle toxicity tests to determine the effects of a pollutant

This study documents the successful use of a mysid, Mysidopsis bahia, for life-cycle toxicity tests. These tests were conducted to determine acute and chronic toxicities of metal (cadmium) and pesticide (Kepone). Delay inthe formation of mysid brood pouches and release of young were noted in low concentrations ≤6.4 μg cadmium/litre. Fewer young produced per female and decreased growth were other indicators of effects of Kepone.
Coherent Structures in Fluid Dynamics

In the last decade we have experienced a conceptual shift in our view of turbulence. For flows with strong velocity shears, near boundaries, density gradients, magnetic fields or other organizing characteristics, many now feel that the spectral or wave-number space description has inhibited fundamental progress.
Why we need to increase diversity in the immunology research community.

The immunology research community lacks diversity, particularly at the top. Here I discuss diversity, inclusion and equity and their benefit to science. I suggest steps we can take to achieve a more diverse and inclusive community.
Inappropriate Expression of CSF-1 in CSF-1R-Expressing Cells in Mice Leads to Osteoporosis, Macrophage Activation and Early Death.

The CSF-1R is selectively expressed on mononuclear phagocytes, osteoclasts and cells of the female reproductive tract. CSF-1 is normally expressed in a wide variety of cell types, excluding those expressing the CSF-1 receptor (CSF-1R). Autocrine/paracrine regulation by CSF-1 plays an important role in the development of disease in mouse models of acute myeloid leukemia and mammary tumor progression to metastasis. To determine the consequences of autocrine regulation by CSF-1 in the absence of other interventions, we generated transgenic mice that expressed CSF-1 in CSF-1R bearing cells. In contrast to mice that expressed the CSF-1R in CSF-1-expressing cells, which had no gross phenotype at 1 year of age, mice expressing CSF-1 under the control of mouse CSF-1R promoter and second intron (TgRC mice), had a short lifetime, starting to lose weight and mobility after 3 weeks of age. CSF-1 mRNA was expressed in peritoneal macrophages (PM) and sequence analysis of the RT-PCR products verified the expression of a chimeric mRNA of the CSF-1R exon 2, 3 and CSF-1 mRNAs under control of the CSF-1R promoter. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis revealed that CSF-1 mRNA expression was increased by 19-fold in PM and 980-fold in bone marrow derived macrophages (BMM) from a TgRC founder mouse, compared to these populations from non-transgenic mice. Consistent with autocrine regulation by CSF-1, in contrast to BMM from non-transgenic mice, TgRC BMM proliferated in the absence of CSF-1. However, there was no elevation of the circulating CSF-1 in TgRC mice, indicating that transgene-regulated expression of CSF-1 only affected local CSF-1 concentrations. X-ray and histological analysis demonstrated that TgRC mice developed osteoporosis with increased numbers of femoral TRAP-positive osteoclasts. Macrophage densities were significantly increased in bone marrow, liver, spleen and brain. In several tissues, there were local regions of increased macrophage density, consistent with effects of locally produced CSF-1 on macrophage survival and/or proliferation. Also, macrophages in several tissues had a more dendritic appearance than in non-transgenic mice, suggesting that they may be activated. TgRC PM, cultured in the presence of CSF-1 exhibited a highly dendritic morphology with multiple protruding pseudopods also suggesting an activated state. Studies of the macrophage cytokine expression profile by the real-time quantitative RT-PCR revealed elevated levels of mRNA for the proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1β (33-fold) (in BMM) and IL-10 (10-fold) and IL-6 (2.6-fold) (in PM), consistent with the priming effect of CSF-1 on proinflammatory cytokine release by macrophages. These studies indicate that inappropriate local expression of CSF-1 by or near CSF-1R-expressing cells can result in activation of macrophages and osteoclasts and severe disease. Supported by NIH grant CA32551 (ERS) and an ASH Fellow Scholar Award and Leukemia and Lymphoma Society Special Fellow Award (X-MD).
Solve and Evolve: Practical Applications for Knowledge-Centered Service

In any organization with a true service focus, knowledge is a community asset. The sharing and availability of knowledge is crucial to providing better customer service, but the larger and more decentralized your group is, the more the logistical challenges pile up. By implementing formal knowledge management (KM) practices, higher education IT organizations can improve performance metrics and customer service, while improving collaboration among fragmented teams and cultivating a singular, rather than siloed, view of the IT ecosystem.Knowledge-Centered Service (KCS, formerly known as Knowledge-Centered Support) presents the administration and lifecycle of an organization's knowledge base in two interdependent rings: the Solve and Evolve loops. "Solve" covers the day-to-day transaction work with knowledge: service desk and customer, incident tickets, and creating articles. "Evolve" then layers in leadership, organizational strategy, and data-driven methods for improving and maintaining a healthy knowledge base.In this paper, we will explore KCS best practices in Solve and Evolve, and how they align with ITIL framework for IT Service Management. Through the lens of knowledge management at Washington University in St. Louis, we will examine the practical application of these processes and the results we are experiencing in our burgeoning KM work, and present scalable takeaways for organizations looking to grow and expand knowledge management.
Topological Hall effect and magnetic states in the Nowotny chimney ladder compound Cr 11 Ge 19

We have investigated the magnetic and charge transport properties of single crystals of the Nowotny chimney ladder compound ${\mathrm{Cr}}_{11}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{19}$ and mapped out a comprehensive phase diagram reflecting the complicated interplay between the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interaction, the dipolar interaction, and the magnetic anisotropy. We have identified a set of interesting magnetic phases and attributed a finite topological Hall effect to the recently discovered biskyrmion phase. These data also suggest the existence of an antiskyrmion state at finite fields for temperatures just below the magnetic ordering temperature ${T}_{c}$ as indicated by a distinct change in sign of the topological Hall effect. Above ${T}_{c}$, we discovered a region of enhanced magnetic response corresponding to a disordered phase likely existing near the ferromagnetic critical point under small magnetic fields. Strong spin chirality fluctuations are demonstrated by the large value of the topological Hall resistivity persisting up to 1 T, which is most likely due to the existence of the DM interaction. We argue that changes to the topological Hall effect correspond to different topological spin textures that are controlled by magnetic dipolar and DM interactions that vary in importance with temperature.
Analyzing Quality of Service and Operation Costs of a Multi-port DC Fast Charging Station

Since many DC fast charging (DCFC) stations are currently low utilizied, they suffer financially from high demand charges and are difficult to operate as a business case. This study investigates a method to operate a multi-port DCFC station with power cap to mitigate high operation costs. Different policies which distribute available power capacity between multiple charging ports in a fair manner are simulated and compared. The impact of the power cap policy on the quality of service is quantified for several station designs and demand profiles. It is shown that by applying the proposed method, the operation costs can be less than 0.1 $/kWh without a significant decrease in service quality.
Civil–Military Relations and Human Rights:

Do civil–military relations influence human rights practices? Building on principal–agent theory, we argue that civilian–military relations, instead of having an effect on mean levels of repression...
Methane gas leak quantification employing infrared sensing at suspected leak sites

We present a conceptual design for an in-situ methane gas sensor that could be deployed rapidly to suspected sites of spurious methane emission. Based on the remote detection of suspected methane leaks now possible with a class of satellites currently in orbit or soon to be launched, in-situ sensors would be deployed to the location of the detection, and accurate measurements of methane leak rates would be reported. Our design is very high level at this time, but incorporates a spectral capability that allows switching on and off the wavelengths of peak methane emission to facilitate detection. Unlike the case for the satellite-based sensing of the gas, our design will lead to the quantification of smallest levels of methane leaks. Two approaches will be considered: ground sensors detecting methane in emission against a cooler sky background, and aerial sensors detecting the gas in absorption against the ground scene as a background source. Sensitivity plays a key role, with the infrared detector working in the 2.4-micron region and operating with near-theoretical sensitivity, with the limiting noise sources set by the background levels for the ground sensor. Consideration of levels of detector dark current, based on the background signal level, and required detector operation temperatures will be derived. The paper reports on the conceptual design, with details on the electronics approach needed to realize the needed levels of sensitivity. Performance quantification will be accomplished through simulation using accurate noise models.
How an increase in the copy number of HSV-1 during latency can cause Alzheimer's disease: the viral and cellular dynamics according to the microcompetition model.

Numerous studies observed a link between the herpes smplex virus-1 (HSV-1) and Alzheimer’s disease. However, the exact viral and cellular dynamics that lead from an HSV-1 infection to Alzheimer’s disease are unknown. In this paper, we use the microcompetition model to formulate these dynamics by connecting seemingly unconnected observations reported in the literature. We concentrate on four pathologies characteristic of Alzheimer’s disease. First, we explain how an increase in the copy number of HSV-1 during latency can decrease the expression of BECN1/Beclin1, the degradative trafficking protein, which, in turn, can cause a dysregulation of autophagy and Alzheimer’s disease. Second, we show how an increase in the copy number of the latent HSV-1 can decrease the expression of many genes important for mitochondrial genome metabolism, respiratory chain, and homeostasis, which can lead to oxidative stress and neuronal damage, resulting in Alzheimer’s disease. Third, we describe how an increase in this copy number can reduce the concentration of the NMDA receptor subunits NR1 and NR2b (Grin1 and Grin2b genes), and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which can cause an impaired synaptic plasticity, Aβ accumulation and eventually Alzheimer’s disease. Finally, we show how an increase in the copy number of HSV-1 in neural stem/progenitor cells in the hippocampus during the latent phase can lead to an abnormal quantity and quality of neurogenesis, and the clinical presentation of Alzheimer’s disease. Since the current understanding of the dynamics and homeostasis of the HSV-1 reservoir during latency is limited, the proposed model represents only a first step towards a complete understanding of the relationship between the copy number of HSV-1 during latency and Alzheimer’s disease.
THE COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF THE DORSAL VESSEL AND ACCESSORY STRUCTURES OF THE LEPIDOPTERA AND ITS PHYLOGENETIC IMPLICATIONS

The dorsal vessels of adult representatives from 34 ditrysian families of Lepidoptera were examined with the aid of vital staining. A pair of incurrent ostia was found in the mesothorax (except in the Papilionidae), metathorax, and each abdominal segment (7 in females, 8 in males). Since no excurrent openings were found in the dorsal vessel, it is suggested that the dorsal vessel may act principally as a phagocytic organ, and that accessory structures have assumed the role of haemolymph circulation. A transverse muscular septum, of unknown function, was found between the 1st and 2nd abdominal segments. Metathoraeic and abdominal cardiac variations, such as the loss of the 8th pair of abdominal ostia in females and modifications in the metathoraeic aortal pathway, are considered as secondary reflections of integumental developments. Therefore, systematic affinities and phylogenetic relationships are proposed based on mesothoracic aortal characters. The proposed phylogeny involves several modifications of previously suggested relationships based on venational and other external characters. The higher-moth relationships are in essential agreement with a 19th century work based on pupal and oval characters.
Bob Dylan's 116th Dream: Reflections on the Lyrics

(2008). Bob Dylan's 116th Dream: Reflections on the Lyrics. a/b: Auto/Biography Studies: Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 226-244.
Interstitial granulomatous dermatitis

A 59-year-old woman with arthritis presented to the Skin Institute of New York with a 2-month history of asymptomatic, small, skin-colored papules that erupted symmetrically on the chest, back, and proximal extremities. Histopathologic examination of a biopsy specimen showed findings of interstitial granulomatous dermatitis. Clinical correlation suggested a diagnosis of interstitial granulomatous dermatitis with arthritis. No change in the lesions resulted from application of clobetasol 0.05 percent ointment to the affected areas.
Cytosolic O-glycosylation is abundant in nerve terminals.

Phosphorylation plays a key role in regulating growth cone migration and protein trafficking in nerve terminals. Here we show that nerve terminal proteins contain another abundant post-translational modification: β-N-acetylglucosamine linked to hydroxyls of serines or threonines (O-GlcNAc1). O-GlcNAc modifications are essential for embryogenesis and mounting evidence suggests that O-GlcNAc is a regulatory modification that affects many phosphorylated proteins. We show that the activity and expression of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (O-GlcNAcase), the two enzymes regulating O-GlcNAc modifications, are present in nerve terminal structures (synaptosomes) and are particularily abundant in the cytosol of synaptosomes. Numerous synaptosome proteins are highly modified with O-GlcNAc. Although most of these proteins are present in low abundance, we identified by proteomic analysis three neuron-specific O-GlcNAc modified proteins: collapsin response mediator protein-2 (CRMP-2), ubiquitin carboxyl hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1) and β-synuclein. CRMP-2, which is involved in growth cone collapse, is a major O-GlcNAc modified protein in synaptosomes. All three proteins are implicated in regulatory cascades that mediate intracellular signaling or neurodegenerative diseases. We propose that O-GlcNAc modifications in the nerve terminal help regulate the functions of these and other synaptosome proteins, and that O-GlcNAc may play a role in neurodegenerative disease.
Minimax Bayes, Asymptotic Minimax and Sparse Wavelet Priors

Pinsker (1980) gave a precise asymptotic evaluation of the minimax mean squared error of estimation of a signal in Gaussian noise when the signal is known a priori to lie in a compact ellipsoid in Hilbert space. This ‘Minimax Bayes’ method can be applied to a variety of global non-parametric estimation settings with parameter spaces far from ellipsoidal. For example it leads to a theory of exact asymptotic minimax estimation over norm balls in Besov and Triebel spaces using simple co-ordinatewise estimators and wavelet bases.
Multimodal Construction Grammar

This article explores the extension of cognitive linguistics, especially construction grammar, to multimodal communication. Its dataset is a vast repository of hundreds of thousands of hours of network news broadcasts, including not only language but also co-speech gesture, diagrams, and other aspects of audiovisual communication.
Studies on nuclei. II. Effects of x-rays on deoxyribonucleoprotein from rat thymus.

Abstract 1. 1. One molar NaCl extracts of rat thymus are highly sensitive to X rays, and an exposure of 10 r causes a detectable loss in viscosity. An aftereffect was observed, and the viscosity of irradiated samples continued to decrease for 4–5 hours after irradiation. Dose curves were sigmoid. The effects of X rays on the extracts were largely indirect. Freezing, the addition of chemical protective agents, and increasing the concentration of the gell all had a dosereducing effect. There seemed to be a small contribution from direct effects not exceeding a few per cent of the total. 2. 2. Except for cyanide, all of the compounds tested that are known to protect animals from the lethal effects of irradiation also protected in the extracts. However, several compounds that had no protective action on animals gave large dose-reduction factors in the extracts. No good correlation exists between chemical agents protecting animals and those giving dosereducing effects in the extracts. 3. 3. The high sensitivity of the extracts to X-irradiation appeared to be a direct consequence of the high dilutions employed. Direct irradiation of the homogenate and excised tissue required, respectively, 100 and 700 times the X-ray dose necessary to produce the same effect in the extracts. The higher doses probably reflect protection from indirect effects by the high concentration of DNP in the cell nucleus and by protective substances such as proteins. The fact that one can demonstrate an effect by direct irradiation of the tissue is of interest, since no effects on DNA have been detected after irradiation in vivo .
Jack Goody Revisited or the Commercial Logic of Writing in Muslim African History

Jack Goody’s interest in the cross-cultural dynamics of literacy was sparked by his early research among the Muslim communities of northern Ghana. He went on to produce monumental scholarship on the writing traditions of the world, paying surprisingly little attention to either the role of religious institutions in disseminating legal literacy or experiences from elsewhere in Muslim African history. This paper proposes a reassessment of Goody’s contribution, and its place in literacy studies, drawing on the experience of Muslim Africa. Beginning with a survey of the spread of Arabic literacy in Western Africa from the ninth to the nineteenth century, highlighting the basic curriculum, including the teaching of legal instruments, I evaluate the incentives for acquiring literacy on the part of both Muslim and non-Muslim societies. I then turn to an examination of classical and local discussions about the power of the pen based on data derived from research in various archival collections. One of the main conclusions of this paper is that whether individually acquired or dispensed by hired scribes, literacy was a major factor in both the organization of the economy, powered by commercial exchange, and the establishment of a legal order, hinged on interpretations of Maliki texts.
Gene-Environment Interactions, Criminal Responsibility, and Sentencing

This chapter in, Gene-Environment Interactions in Developmental Psychopathology (K. Dodge & M. Rutter, eds. 2011), considers the relevance of GxE to criminal responsibility and sentencing. It begins with a number of preliminary assumptions that will inform the analysis. It then turns to the law’s view of the person, including the law’s implicit psychology, and the criteria for criminal responsibility. A few false starts or distractions about responsibility are disposed of briefly. With this necessary background in place, the chapter then turns specifically to the relation between GxE and criminal responsibility. It suggests that GxE causes of criminal behavior have no relation to responsibility per se, but they may be relevant to culpability if valid research discloses an association between GxE and a genuine excusing or mitigating condition. The chapter then turns to sentencing and considers whether GxE is relevant to mitigation and aggravation, and proposes that the same considerations governing responsibility ascriptions apply to mitigation and that the prediction of future danger will be the most common application for aggravation. It concludes by considering briefly how knowledge of GxE might otherwise influence criminal justice policy and practice.
Miniature forward-imaging B-scan optical coherence tomography probe to guide real-time laser ablation.

Background and Objective Investigations have shown that pulsed lasers tuned to 6.1 µm in wavelength are capable of ablating ocular and neural tissue with minimal collateral damage. This study investigated whether a miniature B-scan forward-imaging optical coherence tomography (OCT) probe can be combined with the laser to provide real-time visual feedback during laser incisions. Study Design/Methods and Materials A miniature 25-gauge B-scan forward-imaging OCT probe was developed and combined with a 250 µm hollow-glass waveguide to permit delivery of 6.1 µm laser energy. A gelatin mixture and both porcine corneal and retinal tissues were simultaneously imaged and lased (6.1 µm, 10 Hz, 0.4–0.7 mJ) through air. The ablation studies were observed and recorded in real time. The crater dimensions were measured using OCT imaging software (Bioptigen, Durham, NC). Histological analysis was performed on the ocular tissues. Results The combined miniature forward-imaging OCT and mid-infrared laser-delivery probe successfully imaged real-time tissue ablation in gelatin, corneal tissue, and retinal tissue. Application of a constant number of 60 pulses at 0.5 mJ/pulse to the gelatin resulted in a mean crater depth of 123 ± 15 µm. For the corneal tissue, there was a significant correlation between the number of pulses used and depth of the lased hole (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.82; P = 0.0002). Histological analysis of the cornea and retina tissues showed discrete holes with minimal thermal damage. Conclusions A combined miniature OCT and laser-delivery probe can monitor real-time tissue laser ablation. With additional testing and improvements, this novel instrument has the future possibility of effectively guiding surgeries by simultaneously imaging and ablating tissue. Lasers Surg. Med. 46:216–223, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prereplicative modulation of nuclear protein kinases in the regenerating rat liver

Abstract Partial hepatectomy in the rat is followed by a significant increase of nuclear protein content and by an increase of total nuclear protein kinase activity. Total nuclear protein kinase activity is maximal 16 hours after partial hepatectomy. Analysis of nuclear 0.35 M NaCl extracts by DEAE-Sephacel chromatography reveals the presence of four species of protein kinase, two of which are of the cAMP-dependent type. By 16 hours after partial hepatectomy the two nuclear cAMP-dependent protein kinase activities have increased several fold over the kinase activities found in liver nuclei of sham-operated controls. These data indicate a prereplicative modulation of nuclear protein kinase activities following the second wave of cAMP accumulation in the regenerating rat liver.