cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
JC Virus Infects Neurons and Glial Cells in the Hippocampus

The human polyomavirus JC (JCV) infects glial cells and is the etiologic agent of the CNS demyelinating disease progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. JCV can infect granule cell neurons of the cerebellum, causing JCV granule cell neuronopathy and cortical pyramidal neurons in JCV encephalopathy. Whether JCV also infects neurons in other areas of the CNS is unclear. We determined the prevalence and pattern of JCV infection of the hippocampus in archival samples from 28 patients with known JCV infection of the CNS and 66 control subjects. Among 28 patients, 11 (39.3%) had JCV infection of hippocampus structures demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. Those included gray matter (dentate gyrus and cornu ammonis, subiculum) in 11/11 and afferent or efferent white matter tracts (perforant path, alveus, fimbria) in 10/11. In the hippocampus, JCV infected granule cell and pyramidal neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Although glial cells expressed either JCV regulatory T Antigen or JCV VP1 capsid protein, infected neurons expressed JCV T Antigen only, suggesting an abortive/restrictive infection. None of the 66 control subjects had evidence of hippocampal JCV protein expression by immunohistochemistry or JCV DNA by in situ hybridization. These results greatly expand our understanding of JCV pathogenesis in the CNS.
The journey towards optimal neonatal nutrition through quality improvement initiatives

Q Improvement (QI) initiatives can greatly impact clinical care in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Historically, the provision of both parenteral and enteral nutrition in the NICU can be an inconsistent practice, with provider preference being the key driver. A knowledge gap was found in our practice between the literature evidence and practice. A SMART aim to increase growth velocity of infants ≤ 1500 grams was planned. A multi-disciplinary team formulated a plan after performing a needs assessment. Based upon the current literature and best practice models, multiple Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles were accomplished. The PDSA cycles included: creation of standardized TPN and enteral feeding guidelines, unit wide education, guideline compliance monitoring, team discussion on daily rounds with dietitian, and electronic report development for ongoing outcomes measurement. Key factors in the success were ongoing education of all staff and consensus building. QI initiatives aimed at standardization of practice resulted in improved growth velocity. Improvement culture change is difficult, but can be accomplished with patience and persistence.
Reflections on Building ‘Glocal’ Competence among Pre-Service and In-Service Teachers

The purpose of this paper is to critically reflect on two graduate international comparative education courses I taught at a mid-sized public university. Using a variety of readings and multimedia focusing on voices of international educators telling their own stories of struggle for a democratic education, these courses represent my effort to raise a ‘glocal’ consciousness among pre-service and in-service educators. In this paper, I describe how my educational and life experiences, which include living in parts of the ‘global south’ and ‘global north,’ influenced the global issues selected for discussion in these classes. Although there is clear evidence that the experiences I describe in these courses helped to develop a more "glocal" and critical consciousness among students, I conclude that there are always more questions to ask, stories to tell, and complexities to explore when comparing different educational approaches. The full text of the article can be found at 10.18275/fire201603011067
LAND, Stephen K.The Philosophy of Language in Britain: Major Theories from Hobbes to Thomas Reid: New York: AMS Press, 1986. 255 pp. $37.50

(1988). LAND, Stephen K. The Philosophy of Language in Britain: Major Theories from Hobbes to Thomas Reid. ANQ: A Quarterly Journal of Short Articles, Notes and Reviews: Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 74-75.
Propaganda, Non-Rational Means, and Civic Rhetoric

This paper examines Jason Stanley's account of propaganda. I begin with an overview and some questions about the structure of that account. I then argue for two main conclusions. First, I argue that Stanley's account over-generalizes, by counting mere incompetent argumentation as propaganda. But this problem can be avoided, by emphasizing the role of emotions in effective propaganda more than Stanley does. In addition, I argue that more propaganda is democratically acceptable than Stanley allows. Focusing especially on sexual assault prevention campaigns, I show that propaganda can be acceptable even when it represents some in our communities as worthy of contempt.
An American’s View of Trans* Emergence in Africa and Feminist Responses

Transgender is now one of the more contested issues in feminist theory and practice. In this chapter I argue along with Deyi that “Transgender feminists are not agents of patriarchy or a mockery to feminism.” Instead they need to be seen as “a celebration of the central principles that feminists have long sought to have recognized … that self-determination is a principle worth fighting for, that we as feminists in all body forms have become a social movement that can create spaces that enable those that are differently gendered to express their true selves” (Deyi 2012). As Van der Merwe poignantly states, “I am that transgender woman featured in so many Ph.D dissertations, HIV research, and documentation of violent experiences [but] I have a face, I have a name, and I have an identity.” In this chapter I also argue along with Van der Merwe that “We transgender women must be seen in our racial, class, and other diversities. Ultimately, it is we who are the relevant stakeholders in our struggle for equality and rights” (Van der Merwe and Leigh 2013).
Recombinant tri-segmented Pichinde virus as a novel live viral vaccine platform

Pichinde virus (PICV) is a nonpathogenic arenavirus with a bi-segmented RNA genome (L and S segments) that encodes four viral genes. We have developed a reverse genetics system to generate recombinant tri-segmented PICV (rP18tri) that packages three RNA segments (L, S1, and S2) and can encode up to two foreign genes. Using influenza virus HA and NP as model antigens, we show that the rP18tri vector can induce strong humoral and cell-mediated immunity, which further increases upon a booster dose. We propose that this novel rP18tri vector can be developed into a useful vaccine platform for other antigens, particularly when strong cellular immunity and prime-boost vaccination strategy are desired.
Flash: Butoh, Hip-Hop, and the Urban Body in Crisis

Sakamoto’s contribution originated as a performative lecture about a dance theater duet. Much more than a cross-cultural exploration, Sakamoto’s piece offers a poetic and philosophical glance at utopia. His essay proposes a deep reflection on how art, theory, and place coexist in concept and execution. The erasure of borders, political and artistic, finds a home in his practice as a performance artist who expresses a strong desire to rethink postindigenous bodies. By discussing concrete utopian artistic manifestations, he argues that Japanese butoh and hip-hop dance were both born of extreme conditions in the postwar boom era, and both art forms embraced chaos and contradiction, appropriating the markers of marginalization and decay while fashioning resistant aesthetic styles.
Sparsity-based on-chip holographic microscopy

We demonstrate a sparsity-based phase reconstruction technique implemented in wavelet domain to achieve at least 2-fold reduction in the number of holographic measurements for coherent imaging of samples
Skin-to-tumor Distance Predicts Treatment Failure of T1A Renal Cell Carcinoma Following Percutaneous Cryoablation

Objective To determine the impact of skin-to-tumor (STT) distance on the risk for treatment failure following percutaneous cryoablation (PCA). Methods We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent PCA with documented T1a recurrent renal cell carcinoma (RCC) at 2 academic centers between 2005 and 2015. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and perioperative and postoperative course variables were collected. Additionally, we measured the STT distance by averaging the distance from the skin to the center of the tumor at 0°, 45°, and 90° on preoperative computed tomography imaging. Results We identified 86 patients with documented T1a RCC. The mean age at the time of surgery was 69 years (range: 37-91 years), and the mean tumor size was 2.7 cm (range: 1.0-4.0 cm). With a mean follow-up of 24 months (range: 3-63 months), 11 (12.8%) treatment failures occurred. Patients with treatment failure had significantly higher mean STT distance than those without: 11.0 cm (range: 6.3-20.1 cm) compared to 8.4 cm (range: 4.4-15.2 cm), respectively (P = .002). STT distance was an independent predictor of treatment failure (odds ratio: 1.32, 95% confidence interval: 1.04-1.69, P = .029). STT distance greater than 10 cm had a fourfold increased risk of tumor treatment failure (odds ratio: 4.43, 95% confidence interval: 1.19-16.39, P = .018). Tumor size, R.E.N.A.L. Nephrometry score, and number of cryoprobes placed were not associated with treatment failure. Conclusion STT, an easily measured preoperative variable, may inform the risk of RCC treatment failure following PCA.
Responsiveness of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures After Shoulder Instability Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis:

Objectives:Patient reported outcomes (PROs) are increasingly used in orthopaedics as a tool to objectively assess subjective data and provide a sense of responsiveness to treatment. Unfortunately, ...
The Relationship of The Penny Beliefs Weapons Scale to Robotic Peacekeeper Compliance and Trust

Military personnel have focused their efforts on delegating dangerous duties to robots and other automated devices. Such duties include complex tasks such as peacekeeping. The current study explore...
Vision: Geniculocortical System

This chapter is concerned with the functions of some neural structures involved in vision. It does not cover all aspects of vision nor all the neural structures that may be involved in vision. It is limited to a consideration of a portion of the visual system called the geniculocortical system. For the purposes of this chapter, the geniculocortical system is defined as: (1) the peripheral receptor apparatus (retina); (2) the thalamic region receiving input from the retina and (3) the region of cerebral cortex receiving a direct input from the thalamus (cf. Chapters 5 and 7).
The impacts of cloud computing architecture on cloud service performance

In this study, cloud performance is benchmarked in the context of web service using a workload approach with cloud service architecture as a variable. Three sets of cloud service architectures are ...
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Continuity in a Transition Year

With the election of Donald Trump as President and based on citizen Trump’s prior blunt statement that the FCPA is a “horrible law and it should be changed,” some apprentice commentators predicted that the FCPA “is likely to be substantially weakened, perhaps even repealed” and that “the era of vigorous FCPA enforcement… is over.” However, those hyperventilating regarding the FCPA’s future were encouraged to take a deep breath, focus on facts and enforcement fundamentals, and realize that the FCPA was not going away and that FCPA enforcement was not going to substantially change. While 2017 enforcement did not eclipse 2016’s record breaking year of enforcement (after all, records can’t be broken every year), this article highlights that in 2017 there was a continuation of robust FCPA enforcement by the Trump administration involving the same enforcement theories and same resolution vehicles used in prior administrations. Like prior years, 2017 was notable for enforcement actions against business organizations across a wide industry spectrum, involving conduct around the globe, and ranging from egregious instances of corporate bribery executed at the highest levels of the company and involving hundreds of millions of dollars to garden variety allegations of sports tickets, internships for family members of alleged foreign officials, and charitable donations. In addition, 2017 was also notable for enforcement agency policy and related developments including the Department of Justice’s announcement of an “FCPA Corporate Enforcement Policy.” This article, part of a continuing yearly analysis of FCPA enforcement and related developments, provides a detailed overview of 2017 FCPA enforcement and related developments and will be of value to anyone seeking to elevate their FCPA knowledge.
Communication: A coil-stretch transition in planar elongational flow of an entangled polymeric melt

Virtual experimentation of atomistic entangled polyethylene melts undergoing planar elongational flow revealed an amazingly detailed depiction of individual macromolecular dynamics and the resulting effect on bistable configurational states. A clear coil-stretch transition was evident, in much the same form as first envisioned by de Gennes for dilute solutions of high polymers, resulting in an associated hysteresis in the configurational flow profile over the range of strain rates predicted by theory. Simulations conducted at steady state revealed bimodal distribution functions, in which equilibrium configurational states were simultaneously populated by relatively coiled and stretched molecules which could transition from one conformational mode to the other over a relatively long time scale at critical values of strain rates. The implication of such behavior points to a double-well conformational free energy potential with an activation barrier between the two configurational minima.
Dual Labeling of the CBP/p300 KIX Domain for 19F NMR Leads to Identification of a New Small-Molecule Binding Site

Protein-Observed Fluorine NMR (PrOF NMR) spectroscopy is an emerging technique for screening and characterizing small-molecule-protein interactions. The choice of which amino acid to label for PrOF NMR can be critical for analysis. Here we report the first use of a protein containing two different fluoroaromatic amino acids for NMR studies. Using the KIX domain of the CBP/p300 as a model system, we examine ligand binding of several small-molecule compounds elaborated from our previous fragment screen and identify a new ligand binding site distinct from those used by native transcription factors. This site was further supported by computational modeling (FTMap and Schrodinger) and 1 H,15 N HSQC/HMQC NMR spectroscopy. Metabolic labeling with multiple fluorinated amino acids provides useful probes for further studying ligand binding and has led to new insight for allosterically regulating transcription-factor protein interactions with small-molecule ligands.
If You Can't Say Something Nice: Factors Contributing to Team Member Silence in Distributed Software Project Teams

Managing software projects is complex. Increasingly, organizations are using different methods and forms of teams to ensure software projects are developed on time, on budget, and meet functionality requirements. One factor that can affect the success of a software development team is the willingness of team members to be fully engaged and to share concerns throughout the effort. Employee silence is the unwillingness of an individual to express concerns. This exploratory research study examines three factors that influence a team member's choice to remain silent when participating in a distributed software project: the individual's level of experience, the role of the offending team member, and the individual's personal responsibility to report. Using a scenario-based experiment, this study finds that some of the factors that are assumed in other contexts of employee silence may not be related in the context of distributed teams in which there is a need to voice concerns among peers.
Feasibility and Effect of a Peer Modeling Workplace Physical Activity Intervention for Women

Most working women do not meet current guidelines for physical activity (PA). A 12-week pilot study tested a workplace, peer modeling PA intervention. Inactive female employees from a health system were randomized to an attention control group (ACG; n = 26) or an intervention group (IG; n = 26). The ACG received health information. The IG participated in six group sessions with an active peer model and received an exercise prescription and PA information. Pre and post measures were PA (ActiGraph), Estimated VO2max (cycle ergometer), resting heart rate (HR), glucose and lipids, and cardiovascular risk. Using hierarchical linear modeling, no significant group by time effects were found. Although PA increased in both groups, F( df = 1) = 11.4, p = .002, the IG had greater improvements in fitness (VO2max, HR) and cardiovascular risk (total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein [LDL], calculated risk score) compared with ACG. Results support repeating this intervention in a fully powered study.
The Epidemiology of Child and Adolescent Mood Disorders

Epidemiologic studies of child and adolescent mood disorders are reviewed. The implications of these studies for our understanding of the frequency, phenomenology, and risk factors for these disorders are described. The effects of age on prevalence and characteristics and the frequency of these disorders in pediatric settings are highlighted.
Ethical Issues in Health Interventions Across Contexts and Cultures

Ethics is a part of every public health intervention. There are ethical issues to be considered by the interveners relating to the culture or setting of the intervention and who will be the representative or culture-broker for the recipients of the intervention. Ethics is a key consideration in mapping out the nature of the intervention, and method(s) to be used in implementing it, including participant participation. It is essential that recipients of the intervention have input into the intervention’s design, analysis, and evaluation. The working relationship between interveners and participants must be one of ongoing trust and openness as well as sharing information. All interventions create change. How much change and its impact on cultural values is a critical decision in determining the success of the intervention. The degree of success or failure of the intervention will be determined by the degree to which the intervention is cost-effective, replicable, generalizable, and useful.
Assessment of Generation 1.5 Learners for Placement into College Writing Courses.

Higher education settings in the United States typically include several types of writing assessments. Since tests determining students’ placement into writing courses are often high-stakes, it is imperative for those who make placement decisions to be knowledgeable of the different types of learners entering higher education in order to make appropriate placement recommendations. This article investigates the existence of different types of second language learners in the U.S., with particular emphasis on the population currently identified as Generation 1.5. After describing several defining characteristics, I draw on results of studies identifying how these learners are different from other L2 learners. I use this exploration to highlight findings that can inform writing program administrators interested in adopting assessment procedures leading to fairer and more accurate placement of L2 students. Such findings could serve as a foundation for a writing placement framework that takes into consideration different types of learners based on their writing performance as well as cultural and educational backgrounds.
Reasoning about delegation and account access in retail payment systems

Delegation and trust are essential to the smooth operation of large, geographically distributed systems, such as the US electronic retail payment system. This system supports billions of electronic transactions— from routine banking and store purchases to electronic commerce on the Internet. Because such systems provide the electronic fabric of our networked information society, it is crucial to understand rigorously and precisely the basis for the delegation and trust relationships in them. In this paper, we use a modal logic for access control to analyze these relationships in the context of checks (and their electronic equivalents) as payment instruments. While not free from risk, the retail payment system effectively balances trust, delegation, and risk on billions of transactions. Our logic allows us to explore with rigor the details of trust, delegation, and risk in these transactions.
Biophysicochemical Motifs in T-cell Receptor Sequences Distinguish Repertoires from Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte and Adjacent Healthy Tissue

Immune repertoire deep sequencing allows comprehensive characterization of antigen receptor-encoding genes in a lymphocyte population. We hypothesized that this method could enable a novel approach to diagnose disease by identifying antigen receptor sequence patterns associated with clinical phenotypes. In this study, we developed statistical classifiers of T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoires that distinguish tumor tissue from patient-matched healthy tissue of the same organ. The basis of both classifiers was a biophysicochemical motif in the complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) of TCRβ chains. To develop each classifier, we extracted 4-mers from every TCRβ CDR3 and represented each 4-mer using biophysicochemical features of its amino acid sequence combined with quantification of 4-mer (or receptor) abundance. This representation was scored using a logistic regression model. Unlike typical logistic regression, the classifier is fitted and validated under the requirement that at least 1 positively labeled 4-mer appears in every tumor repertoire and no positively labeled 4-mers appear in healthy tissue repertoires. We applied our method to publicly available data in which tumor and adjacent healthy tissue were collected from each patient. Using a patient-holdout cross-validation, our method achieved classification accuracy of 93% and 94% for colorectal and breast cancer, respectively. The parameter values for each classifier revealed distinct biophysicochemical properties for tumor-associated 4-mers within each cancer type. We propose that such motifs might be used to develop novel immune-based cancer screening assays. SIGNIFICANCE: This study presents a novel computational approach to identify T-cell repertoire differences between normal and tumor tissue.See related commentary by Zoete and Coukos, p. 1299.
Microaggressions in Administrator Preparation Programs: How Black Female Participants Experienced Discussions of Identity, Discrimination, and Leadership:

Using Sue et al.’s microaggressions framework, this qualitative study focused on the preparation experiences of 10 Black, female school leaders to examine how and in what ways identity, leadership,...
26g, mAl production cross sections from the 23Na(α, n)26Al reaction

Abstract Cross sections have been determined for the production of 26g, m Al from the 23 Na(α, n) reaction. Total 26 Al production cross sections were obtained from measurements of the thick-target neutron yield. 26m Al cross sections were measured using an activation technique. 26g Al cross sections were deduced by subtracting the 26m Al cross sections from the total (α, n) cross sections. The principle of detailed balance has been applied to the low-energy data to obtain cross sections for the astrophysically interesting 26g Al(n, α 0 ) 23 Na reaction. These results are compared with the results of Hauser-Feshbach calculations.
Regularity of the singular set in a two-phase problem for harmonic measure with Hölder data

In non-variational two-phase free boundary problems for harmonic measure, we examine how the relationship between the interior and exterior harmonic measures of a domain Ω⊂Rn influences the geometry of its boundary. This type of free boundary problem was initially studied by Kenig and Toro in 2006, and was further examined in a series of separate and joint investigations by several authors. The focus of the present paper is on the singular set in the free boundary, where the boundary looks infinitesimally like zero sets of homogeneous harmonic polynomials of degree at least 2. We prove that if the Radon–Nikodym derivative of the exterior harmonic measure with respect to the interior harmonic measure has a Holder continuous logarithm, then the free boundary admits unique geometric blowups at every singular point and the singular set can be covered by countably many C1,β submanifolds of dimension at most n−3. This result is partly obtained by adapting tools such as Garofalo and Petrosyan’s Weiss type monotonicity formula and an epiperimetric inequality for harmonic functions from the variational to the non-variational setting.
History of Oocyte and Embryo Donation

Both oocyte and embryo donation will soon be celebrating thirtieth anniversaries as viable treatments for human infertility. This also means, of course, that the original children conceived as a result of these novel experiments are approaching middle age! It seems hard to believe that so much time has passed for those of us lucky enough to be a part of the early development of these methods, but soon, we will be entering the twilight of our own professional years. Humbly speaking on behalf of those who were truly the “pioneers” of this noteworthy medical achievement, I think it is important to point out that many aspects of modern assisted reproductive care were either directly or indirectly attributable to developments within the field of egg and embryo donation. To that end, I wish to reflect back on some of these noteworthy achievements and highlight the events that, in my opinion, were integral to the evolution of today’s modern practice.
Using deciduous trees as bioindicators of trace element deposition in a small urban watershed, Indianapolis, IN, USA

Annual and multiyear records of trace element deposition are difficult to develop using monitoring systems but have proven feasible using plant material in several settings. Here, we used material from several tree species (Populus deltoides W. Bartram ex Marshall, Platanus occidentalis L., and Ginkgo biloba L.) to detect atmospheric deposition of trace elements (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) in six localities along a transect from near-urban to far-urban in southeastern Indianapolis, IN, and one control site. We captured soil (legacy footprint), bark (multiannual record), and leaves (seasonal record) across a broad swath of the urban landscape and using a multi-metal approach. Tree bark, leaf, and proximal soil samples were collected and analyzed for their trace element content. The highest trace metal concentrations occurred at the near-urban sites, with particularly high Cu and Pb values. The highest Zn values were found at one of the far-urban sites, which is located near a large brownfield that was a former coal and coke storage and processing facility. No correlation was found between soil trace element composition and that of bark and leaves, perhaps indicating a disconnect between legacy inputs recorded in soils and current inputs recorded in the biological materials. Overall, the tree species analyzed served well as trace element bioindicators, although less so for G. biloba, and thus this approach is promising for further understanding the role that airborne pollution and deposition play in urban watersheds.
THE IMPACT OF FONTAN FENESTRATION CLOSURE IN PATIENTS WITH SINGLE VENTRICLE PHYSIOLOGY

The early benefits of a fenestrated Fontan pathway are well established. Fenestration closure later after Fontan completion may improve cyanosis, but at the potential cost of increasing central venous pressure and decreasing ventricular pre-load. Given the absence of clear data, we sought to study
An assessment of services for custodial parents during supervised visitation

Supervised visitation programs provide court-mandated services in cases with purported risks to (a) child(ren), or during custody or visitation disputes. The purpose of this study was to determine ...
Needs of Referring Providers by Practice Type: Results of a Survey at an Academic Medical Center

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to test a published hypothetic framework of different referring provider needs for primary care, specialty care, and urgent or emergency care practitioners ...
The New Fourth Branch: Institutions for Protecting Constitutional Democracy

Twenty-first-century constitutions now typically include a new 'fourth branch' of government, a group of institutions charged with protecting constitutional democracy, including electoral management bodies, anticorruption agencies, and ombuds offices. This book offers the first general theory of the fourth branch; in a world where governance is exercised through political parties, we cannot be confident that the traditional three branches are enough to preserve constitutional democracy. The fourth branch institutions can, by concentrating within themselves distinctive forms of expertise, deploy that expertise more effectively than the traditional branches are capable of doing. However, several case studies of anticorruption efforts, electoral management bodies, and audit bureaus show that the fourth branch institutions do not always succeed in protecting constitutional democracy, and indeed sometimes undermine it. The book concludes with some cautionary notes about placing too much hope in these – or, indeed, in any – institutions as the guarantors of constitutional democracy.
Exosome Biogenesis and Lysosome Function Determine Podocyte Exosome Release and Glomerular Inflammatory Response during Hyperhomocysteinemia.

Abstract NLRP3 inflammasome activation in podocytes has been reported to be associated with enhanced release of exosomes containing NLRP3 inflammasome products from these cells during hyperhomocysteinemia (hHcy). In the present study, we examined the possible role of increased exosome secretion during podocyte NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the glomerular inflammatory response and tested whether exosome biogenesis and lysosome function are involved in the regulation of exosome release from podocytes during hHcy in mice and upon stimulation of homocysteine (Hcy) in podocytes. By nanoparticle tracking analysis, treatments of mice with amitriptyline (acid sphingomyelinase inhibitor), GW4869 (exosome biogenesis inhibitor), and rapamycin (lysosome function enhancer) were found to inhibit the elevation of urinary exosomes during hHcy. By examination of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in glomeruli during hHcy, only amitriptyline, but not GW4869 and rapamycin was shown to have inhibitory effect. However, all treatments attenuated glomerular inflammation and injury during hHcy. In cell studies, we demonstrated that Hcy treatment stimulated exosome release from podocytes, which was prevented by amitriptyline, GW4869, and rapamycin. Structured illumination microscopy showed that Hcy inhibited lysosome-MVB interactions in podocytes, which was prevented by amitriptyline or rapamycin, but not GW4869. It is concluded that activation of exosome biogenesis and dysregulated lysosome function are critically implicated in the enhancement of exosome release from podocytes leading to glomerular inflammation and injury during hHcy.
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with phase modulation and constant envelope design

Constant envelope OFDM with phase modulation (CE-OFDM-PM) was proposed. The motivation of the CE-OFDM-PM system is to alleviate the high peak-to-average power ratio of conventional OFDM systems. In this paper, we explore more details of CE-OFDM-PM systems regarding bandwidth efficiency and performance under AWGN and multipath channels. A theoretical approach instead of Carson's rule to analyze bandwidth is proposed. It indicates that bandwidth requirement is determined by factors such as input data variance and modulation index. The analytical results show that the CE-OFDM-PM systems require the same bandwidth as conventional OFDM system when appropriate (low) modulation index is applied in CE-OFDM-PM system. Under the same multipath channel and bandwidth, the performance of CE-OFDM-PM systems is compared to conventional OFDM system with one tap equalizer. The uncoded BER performance of CE-OFDM-PM is getting close when OFDM applies clipping, but power efficiency of CE-OFDM-PM still outperforms OFDM since clipping cannot eliminate PAPR issue
A new approach: component-based multi-physics coupling through CCA-LISI

A new problem in scientific computing is the merging of existing simulation models to create new, higher fidelity combined models. This has been a driving force in climate modeling for nearly a decade now, and fusion energy, space weather modeling are starting to integrate different sub-physics into a single model. Through component-based software engineering, an interface supporting this coupling process provides a way to invoke the sub-model through the common interface which the top model uses, then a coupled model turns into a higher level model. In addition to allowing applications to switch among linear solvers, a linear solver interface is also needed for the model coupling. A linear solver interface helps in creating solvers for the integrated multi-physics simulation that combines separate codes, and can use each code's native and specialized solver for the sub-problem corresponding to each physics sub-model. This paper presents a new approach on coupling multi-physics codes in terms of coupled solver, and shows the successful proof for coupled simulation through the implicit solve.
A review of the current guidelines for allergic rhinitis and asthma

Allergic rhinitis and asthma are common chronic respiratory tract disorders. These disorders generate a significant burden to the patient, the patient’s family, and to society because of lost productivity, impaired quality of life, healthcare costs, and even loss of life. To improve the management of asthma, guidelines have been developed to aid clinicians in proper diagnosis and treatment.1, 2 Although these guidelines can serve as a basis for determining how to treat patients with these disorders, the best therapy regimens are those that are individualized to meet the specific needs of the patient.
Live-Cell Dynamics and the Role of Costimulation in Immunological Synapse Formation

Using transfected fibroblasts expressing both wild-type I-E k and green fluorescent protein-tagged I-E k with covalently attached antigenic peptide, we have monitored movement of specific MHC:peptide complexes during CD4 + T cell-APC interactions by live-cell video microscopy. Ag recognition occurs within 30 s of T cell-APC contact, as shown by a sharp increase in cytoplasmic calcium ion concentration. Within 1 min, small MHC:peptide clusters form in the contact zone that coalesce into an immunological synapse over 3–20 min. When T cells conjugated to APC move across the APC surface, they appear to drag the synapse with them. This system was used to examine the role of costimulation in the formation of the immunological synapse. Blocking CD80/CD28 or ICAM-1/LFA-1 interactions alters synapse morphology and reduces the area and density of accumulated complexes. These reductions correlate with reduced T cell proliferation, while CD69 and CD25 expression and TCR down-modulation remain unaffected. Thus, costimulation is essential for normal mature immunological synapse formation.
An urban circulation model

The effects of both topography and urbanization on local air circulations and diffusion of pollutants are demonstrated with the help of schematic models. Based on recent assessments of the relative magnitudes of the solar radiation and some heat flux parameters a synthetic view is given of the radiative, potential, kinetic, thermodynamic, and air hygienic interrelationships. Comparison with other local circulation systems reveals that due to the more complicated thermal structure the urban circulation system does not reverse at night as do shoreline and valleys winds.
Joan Sangster. Through Feminist Eyes: Essays on Canadian Women's History.

For anyone who has been a fan of Joan Sangster's research on issues of women, gender, class, race, colonialism, politics, and labor in diverse settings or has an interest in contemporary thought on...
The Possible Role of Heterogeneous Aerosol Processes in the Chemistry of CH4 and CO in the Troposphere

The effect of particle-gas interactions on the CH4 to CO oxidation sequence in the troposphere is investigated by developing rate expressions for the heterogeneous removal of gaseous species based on the absorption of the species by aerosol particles. The results of this analysis indicate that the homogeneous models describe the tropospheric chemistry of CO and CH4 more accurately than heterogeneous models, which suggests that heterogeneous processes may not be significant in this sequence of chemical reactions. Estimates of the CO and CH4 emission rates are not found to provide a conclusive basis on which to compare the significance of the homogeneous and heterogeneous processes. In addition, the time period during which an aerosol particle is effective in removing a trace gaseous species from the troposphere is determined to vary according to the tropospheric concentration and solubility of the particular gaseous species.
Verifying Correct Microarchitectural Enforcement of Memory Consistency Models

Memory consistency models define the rules and guarantees about the ordering and visibility of memory references on multithreaded CPUs and systems on chip. PipeCheck offers a methodology and automated tool for verifying that a particular microarchitecture correctly implements the consistency model required by its architectural specification.
Effective unsaturated hydraulic conductivity for one-dimensional structured heterogeneity

[1] Effective hydraulic conductivities of unsaturated soils are defined for one-dimensional structured heterogeneity. The heterogeneity is defined using homogeneous sublayers forming repeated unit cells of length L. The effective conductivity is defined as the steady downward Darcian velocity in an infinitely deep profile. The dependence of the hydraulic conductivity upon the pressure head is found by computing the average value of pressure head within the repeating unit cells for each effective conductivity. For a cell of length L approaching zero, the effective conductivity becomes the harmonic average of the individual sublayer hydraulic conductivities weighted according to the cell fraction each occupies. In that case, as the profile approaches saturation, the effective conductivity is the same as the well-known result for flow through an “array” of saturated layers. For a large cell length L, the effective hydraulic conductivity approaches an arithmetic average of the pressure heads which develop in each sublayer. Examples are computed for finite cell lengths L for both binary and tertiary systems. The effective hydraulic conductivity functions for the finite cell lengths fall within the envelope formed by the two limiting cases for small and large cell lengths. For the binary system, all of the hydraulic conductivity functions fall between the envelopes formed by the two hydraulic conductivity functions for the individual sublayer materials.
The effect of perspective geometry on judged direction in spatial information instruments

Attention is given to the methodology and results of an experiment examining design aspects of panel-mounted displays that (1) incorporate a planar grid in their symbology, (2) subtend a narrow visual angle, and (3) are mounted so that they can be viewed face-on rather than obliquely. An analysis of direction judgments in such perspective displays shows that the perspective geometry of the stimulus image has a significant effect on direction judgment accuracy. Target elevation direction is generally overestimated; azimuth error varies sinusoidally with target azimuth direction, and is modulated by field-of-view angle.
Subjective Probability as Sampling Propensity

Subjective probability plays an increasingly important role in many fields concerned with human cognition and behavior. Yet there have been significant criticisms of the idea that probabilities could actually be represented in the mind. This paper presents and elaborates a view of subjective probability as a kind of sampling propensity associated with internally represented generative models. The resulting view answers to some of the most well known criticisms of subjective probability, and is also supported by empirical work in neuroscience and behavioral psychology. The repercussions of the view for how we conceive of many ordinary instances of subjective probability, and how it relates to more traditional conceptions of subjective probability, are discussed in some detail.
Dermatitis in a printed‐circuit board manufacturing facility

Dermatitis complaints are frequently encountered among workers in the microelectronics industry and have been associated with a variety of physical, chemical and psychosocial causes. Employees working in the silk-screening and kiln-drying areas of a printed-circuit board manufacturer complained of recurrent itching and rashes. This case report describes those symptoms and the results of a brief survey of the affected employees, which provided useful data regarding the likely aetiology. A brief epidemiological survey instrument was used to gain information regarding the pattern, duration and frequency of employee symptoms. Data from the survey were used to identify seasonal variations in symptoms that correlated with specific environmental factors in the plant. A brief epidemiological investigation using a self-reported symptom survey was an efficient tool to catalogue the character, pattern, duration and frequency of complaints that correlated with specific environmental factors in the plant (temperature and low humidity), which were likely causes of the outbreak.
Optimum Timing and Rate of Trinexapac-ethyl to Reduce Lodging in Spring Wheat

Lodging can be a limiting factor of hard red spring wheat (HRSW) production. The main objective of this study was to determine the optimum timing and rate of trinexapac-ethyl (TE) to improve straw strength, resistance to lodging, and related agronomic responses ofHRSW. Field experiments arranged in randomized complete blocks were conducted from 2004 to 2006 in Crookston, MN. Five TE rates (0, 62.5, 93.75, 125.0, and 250.0 g a.i. ha -1 ) and one ethephon rate (280.2 g a.i. ha -1 ) were applied at Zadoks growth stage (GS) 30, 32, or 37. Measurements included crop injury, plant height, lodging, straw strength, acid detergent lignin (ADL) content, plant maturity, plant density, and yield. Increasing TE rates linearly decreased plant height and increased lodging resistance, straw strength, and ADL content. Lodging resistance was negatively correlated with plant height and positively associated with straw strength and ADL content. The TE rate of 125 g a.i. ha -1 decreased plant height by approximately 6%, and increased plant erectness by 9% and straw strength by 13%, without causing crop injury, delaying maturity, or affecting yield. Applications of TE at GS 37 resulted in less crop injury, shorter stand, and more erect plants than those at GS 30 or 32. These data suggest that the optimum application rate and timing of TE may be 125.0 g a.i. ha -1 at GS 37 for HRSW.
SIGCSE: global vision

What is the impact of SIGCSE's global vision? When we interviewed the outgoing SIGCSE board for our June newsletter, we got an earful! Many past and present SIGCSE board members believe that broadening our international vision will be a key factor in the group's future success.
Formation and reduction of aryl and heterocyclic nitroso compounds and significance in the flux of hydroxylamines.

Cytochrome P450 (P450) 1A2 and NADPH-P450 reductase (NPR) catalyzed the oxidation of 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ), with consumption of NADPH. The oxidation rate of NADPH by P450 1A2/NPR increased with time in the presence of IQ until depletion of NADPH. This unusual autocatalytic pattern of NADPH oxidation could be rationalized by formation of a nitroso derivative (IQ-NO) and the subsequent reduction of the hydroxylamine (IQ-NHOH) and IQ-NO, which would consume more NADPH. The formation of IQ-NHOH and IQ-NO from IQ was confirmed using HPLC/MS. Reduction of IQ-NHOH and IQ-NO was NPR-dependent but did not require P450. Autocatalytic NADPH oxidation was also observed in the oxidation of other heterocyclic and arylamines. However, the N-hydroxyl and nitroso oxidation products of 2-aminofluorene and 4-aminobiphenyl were reduced nonenzymatically by NADPH, and NPR did not catalyze the reactions. We simulated the enzymatic kinetic model for possible pathways for IQ metabolism, which included the f...
Chick responses to dietary arginine and methionine levels at different environmental temperatures.

1. Two experiments were conducted with broiler chicks in battery brooders from 1 to 21 d to determine the broiler chicks’ responses to arginine (Arg) and methionine (Met) combinations at control (22 to 25°C) and warm (32 to 35°C) temperatures. 2. In Experiment 1, two levels of Arg (15·2 and 25·2 g/kg of the diet) and two levels of Met (3·5 and 5·5 g/kg) of a maize–soy based diet were fed at two temperatures, 22 or 32°C. Results of Experiment 1 were similar to those of Experiment 2, but most treatment differences were not significant. 3. In Experiment 2, chicks were randomly allotted to 9 dietary treatments: 3 levels of Arg (15·2, 25·2 and 35·2 g/kg of the diet) × 3 levels of Met (3·5, 5·5 and 7·5 g/kg of the diet) at 25 or 35°C. At the warmer temperature, chick growth depression from supplemental Arg was not as severe as at the control temperature (significant Arg × temperature interaction); neither were growth increases as large from supplemental Met (significant Met × temperature interaction). 4. Kidney...
Psychotropic Medication Prescription Patterns in 100 Hospitalized Children and Adolescents

Patterns of prescription of medication to 50 consecutive male and 50 consecutive female patients admitted in 1976 and 1977 to a 15-bed child psychiatric facility in Canada were studied and analyzed. Data are presented with respect to the relationship of prescription of medication to age, sex, diagnosis, length of hospital stay and prescribing physician. The frequency of prescription of multiple medications is reported along with examination of the patterns in the light of Audit and Screening Criteria recommended by the American Psychiatric Association.
Irreversible Damage to Flight Muscles Resulting from Disturbance of Pupae during Rearing of the Mediterranean Fruit Fly, Ceratitis capitata

The agitation involved in the sifting of pupae of Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), from the substrate in which they have pupated results in an irreversible effect on the flight muscles if the sifting occurs during the 4th through 6th days of pupal development at 21°C. The effect consists of the separation of the attachment of the median dorsal muscles from the posterior phragma, so that the affected muscles are attached only at their anterior ends. This detachment, and the resulting shortening of the muscles, was found to have occurred even in pupae sampled immediately after the sifting process. During the remaining days of pupal development, the affected muscles remain only as much-shortened stubs attached to, and lying close against, the anterior, dorsal thoracic body wall. Adult flies from affected pupae cannot fly.
Racial Differences in Dietary Intakes of Young Adult Females: The Bogalusa Heart Study.

Abstract LEARNING OUTCOME: To describe dietary intakes of young adult Black and White females. Dietary intake of 293 young adult females (30% Black, 70% White; 19–28 years) was determined by 24-hour recall. Overall, mean energy intake was 1951 kcal ± 886 (SD): 14% protein, 37% fat, 12% saturated fat (SF) , and 50% carbohydrate (CHO). Average intakes of fiber (10 gms ± 6.4), and K (1.9 gms ± 1.10), were low. A high percentage of subjects exceeded current dietary recommendations for total fat (73%), SF (54%), and cholesterol (54%). Blacks had a higher mean intake of vitamin C (113 mg ± 179) than Whites (72 mg ± 96) (p