cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Algorithm to Check Whether a Basis of a Parametric Polynomial System is a Comprehensive Gröbner Basis and the Associated Completion Algorithm

Given a basis of a parametric polynomial ideal, an algorithm is proposed to test whether it is a comprehensive Grobner basis or not. A basis of a parametric polynomial ideal is a comprehensive Grobner basis if and only if for every specialization of parameters in a given field, the specialization of the basis is a Grobner basis of the associated specialized polynomial ideal. In case a basis does not check to be a comprehensive Grobner basis, a completion algorithm for generating a comprehensive Grobner basis from it that is patterned after Buchberger's algorithm is proposed. Its termination is proved and its correctness is established. In contrast to other algorithms for computing a comprehensive Grobner basis which first compute a comprehensive Grobner system and then extract a comprehensive Grobner basis from it, the proposed algorithm computes a comprehensive Grobner basis directly. Further, the proposed completion algorithm always computes a minimal faithful comprehensive Grobner basis in the sense that every polynomial in the result is from the ideal as well as essential with respect to the comprehensive Grobner basis. A prototype implementation of the algorithm has been successfully tried on many examples from the literature. An interesting and somewhat surprising outcome of using the proposed algorithm is that there are example parametric ideals for which a minimal comprehensive Grobner basis computed by it is different from minimal comprehensive Grobner bases computed by other algorithms in the literature.
An algorithm for arthroscopy in the over-50 age group.

We conducted a retrospective study to identify the preoperative variables that correlated with a successful outcome for knee arthroscopy in patients over the age of 50. We mailed questionnaires to 94 patients (57 responded) and reviewed their medical records and radiographs. A modified Hospital for Special Surgery knee rating system was devised. The average followup was 33 months. The percentage of those who felt they had successful results decreased with time: 82.8% felt their knees had improved immediately after postoper ative rehabilitation; this decreased to 78.1% at 6 months, 73.5% at 1 year, 65.5% at 2 years, and 50.0% at 3 years. Therefore, the subjective success rate was 67%. We performed statistical analysis of all variables to determine which had a beneficial or detrimental effect on outcome. In addition, we devised an equation to allow postoperative prediction of score. We found that age was not a factor and that radiographic findings had the greatest impact on postoperative results.
An improvement to a Berezin-Li-Yau type inequality

In this article we improve a lower bound for (a Berezin-Li-Yau type inequality) that appeared in an earlier paper of Harrell and Yolcu. Here denotes the th eigenvalue of the Klein Gordon Hamiltonian when restricted to a bounded set . can also be described as the generator of the Cauchy stochastic process with a killing condition on . To do this, we adapt the proof of Melas, who improved the estimate for the bound of , where denotes the th eigenvalue of the Dirichlet Laplacian on a bounded domain in
Architecture's Desire: Reading the Late Avant-Garde

Architecture's Desire: Reading the Late Avant-Garde By Michael Hays The MIT Press, 2010 ISBN 978-0-262-51302-9 pp. 192, 33 b/w, 7 colour illustrations The Possibility of an Absolute Architecture By...
Nitrotyrosine‐modified proteins and oxidative stress induced by diesel exhaust particles

Protein tyrosine nitration is a post-translational modification that occurs under conditions of oxidative stress and may play a role in the pathogenesis of diseases such as asthma. Through their ability to generate reactive oxygen species in macrophages and epithelial cells, particulate pollutants, such as diesel exhaust particles (DEPs), may lead to a worsening of the asthmatic condition. In this study, we looked for evidence of oxidative modification of proteins in RAW 264.7 cell line treated with DEP chemicals. We show that the induction of oxidative stress is accompanied by 53 newly expressed proteins which are suppressed by a thiol antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine. These include antioxidant enzymes, pro-inflammatory components, and products of intermediary metabolism. In addition, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was identified as a biologically relevant oxidative stress protein that is induced concurrent with increased NO production and protein tyrosine-nitration in DEP-exposed RAW 264.7 cells. Utilizing two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, anti-nitrotyrosine immunoblotting, and mass spectrometry led to the identification of an additional ten nitrotyrosine modified proteins, including oxidative stress proteins involved in intermediary metabolism (e.g., GAPDH and enolase), antioxidant defense (e.g., MnSOD) and inhibition of proteosomal activity (e.g., Hsp 90alpha). These oxidative proteins may serve as markers for oxidative stress generation in vivo.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Gaseous Organic Species on Photonic Band-Gap Titania

The use of photonic band gap (PBG) titania (inverse opal) for the photocatalytic degradation of an organic chemical in air is demonstrated in this study using 1,2-dichlorobenzene. A photonic band gap in the mid-to-high ultraviolet (UV) wavelength range (280−380 nm), normally associated with the optimal photocatalytic activity of anatase titania, is expected to increase the quantum efficiency for the catalyst. To achieve this band gap, porous structures with alternating air and titania spaces with a periodicity of about 150 nm is required. A thin film of porous photonic titania was synthesized in-situ on a quartz glass rod with a sol−gel technique using polystyrene micro-spheres as templates. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed a pore size of about 100 nm and a periodicity of ∼150 nm, necessary for the desired band gap. X-ray diffraction studies of the coating showed the presence of anatase titania, which is known to exhibit photoactivity. The photocatalytic activity of the coated titania film was...
On the local quasiparticle density of states within the asymmetric Anderson model

Abstract We calculate the local density of states for the asymmetric Anderson model by applying a self-consistent perturbation approximation for the impurity electron's self-energy. The three-resonance structure obtained in the symmetric case at low temperatures, which features a narrow central peak at the Fermi level, is found to transform into a broad single resonance with increasing asymmetry. For any asymmetry the spectral density function approaches in the high temperature limit a broad two-resonance structure.
Loss of a Callose Synthase Results in Salicylic Acid-Dependent Disease Resistance

Plants attacked by pathogens rapidly deposit callose, a β-1,3-glucan, at wound sites. Traditionally, this deposition is thought to reinforce the cell wall and is regarded as a defense response. Surprisingly, here we found that powdery mildew resistant 4 (pmr4), a mutant lacking pathogen-induced callose, became resistant to pathogens, rather than more susceptible. This resistance was due to mutation of a callose synthase, resulting in a loss of the induced callose response. Double-mutant analysis indicated that blocking the salicylic acid (SA) defense signaling pathway was sufficient to restore susceptibility to pmr4 mutants. Thus, callose or callose synthase negatively regulates the SA pathway.
What's So Funny about Making Monetary Policy?

During their meetings, the members of the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) make monetary policy, but they also make each other laugh. This article studies the amount of laughter elicited by members of the FOMC during their meetings. The study finds that a member elicits more laughter if he or she expects higher inflation, other things being equal. This finding suggests that members may use humor to cope with the threat of inflation. (JEL E52, E58, C23)
A Web of Symbolic Violence.

Abstract Many new electronic technologies of writing are quickly becoming part of everyday practice, but are not as yet so fully integrated that they have become indistinguishable from the fabric of everyday life. Although these new technologies are still visible, still strange, we are afforded an opportunity to examine them against a backdrop of commonplace practices and beliefs. In this article, I illustrate how a new technological writing practice, World Wide Web publishing, meshes and clashes with what academics have meant by plagiarism. I apply sociologist Pierre Bourdieu's theories of capital and symbolic violence to examine some ways Web publishing challenges and complicates our taken-for-granted ways of controlling and punishing plagiarizers.
Proton-nucleus scattering based on the relativistic Brueckner-Hartree-Fock model.

Nucleon-nucleus scattering is studied with optical potentials derived from solutions of the relativistic Brueckner-Bethe-Goldstone (RBBG) equation using the Bonn interaction. The complex effective mass is determined phenomenologically by a fit to 200 MeV proton-nucleus scattering data. Calculations with this effective mass are made and compared with elastic scattering data for p${\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}^{16}$O, $^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$, $^{90}\mathrm{Zr}$, $^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$ in the energy range from 160 to 500 MeV. Predictions for the differential scattering cross section, analyzing power, and spin rotation functions are compared with elastic proton-nucleus scattering data over a wide range of projectile energies and target mass number.
Smallholder timber sales along the Transamazon Highway: a comment

In a recent article published in this journal, Amacher et al. (2009) develop a model of timber resource exploitation by small holders in the Brazilian Amazon. Such individuals control large stocks of tropical hardwoods, so gaining insight into their forestry practices is key to effective environmental policy. Amacher et al. (2009) consider a single period optimization of household welfare. They provide a formal statement of this problem, and constrain it with respect to household labor, land, and timber resources. They use their statement to lay the groundwork for a statistical examination of household decisions with respect to extraction of non-timber forest products, agricultural activities, and the sale of wood to loggers. Amacher et al. (2009) claim that their study area, central Para State, possesses incomplete labor markets, which motivates a “non-separable” formulation. In the absence of a wage rate, a key theoretical variable is μ, the “opportunity cost of household time” (Amacher et al., 2009, 1790). The present comment applauds efforts like those of Amacher et al. (2009), but takes issue with certain aspect of their model statement, as well as claims they make about the empirical world it represents. It offers an alternative formulation, and closes with several remarks about the empirical situation the model is meant to address.
Synthesis and characterization of colloidal InP quantum rods

InP nanorods and nanowires in the diameter range of 30-300 A and 100-1000 A in length were synthesized. For the preparation of nanorods, we used an organometallic precursor that decomposes thermally into InP and In metal particles. The latter serves as a nucleation catalyst for the growth of the semiconductor. Quantum rods of zinc blende structure with a high degree of crystallinity are grown along the (111) crystallographic planes. The absorption spectrum of InP nanorods with diameter of about 30 A and 100-300 A in length is in the visible spectral regime, suggesting a substantial blue shift with respect to the bulk (band gap 1.35 eV) that is due to size confinement. Moreover, the Stokes shift of the emission band in the quantum rods is substantially larger than the shift in the corresponding quantum dots.
Heat transfer characteristics of an array of protruding elements in single phase forced convection

Abstract Experiments are performed to determine the convective heat transfer coefficients for water cooling of inline and staggered arrays of 30 heated protruding elements arranged in six rows. The channelheight-based Reynolds number ranges from 150 to 5150. The channel height is varied over values of 1.2, 1.9. 2.7, and 3.6 element heights. The streamwise and spanwise spacings between elements are varied over a maximum of five values in the range of 0.5–6.5 element heights at each channel height. Pressure drops are measured in all cases. Transition Reynolds numbers are deduced from the heat transfer data. The data for all spacings are correlated using an array Reynolds number which accounts for a partitioning of the flow into bypass and array flows. Prandtl-number scaling of the results between air and water is investigated.
Characterizing the Psychological Distress Response Before and After a Cancer Diagnosis

Psychological distress among cancer survivors is common. It is unknown if symptoms predate diagnosis or differ from patients without cancer because studies are limited to patient follow-up. Linked cohort (Wisconsin Longitudinal Study) and tumor registry records were used to assess the psychological distress response pre- to post-cancer diagnosis. Adjusted predicted probabilities of being in one of five categories of change for three psychological distress measures (depression, anxiety, well-being) were compared for participants diagnosed with cancer between 1993–1994 and 2004–2005 and participants without cancer (N = 5,162). Cancer survivors were more likely to experience clinically significant increases (≥0.8 standard deviation) in depression (15, 95 % CI = 12–18 %) and anxiety (19 %, CI = 16–22 %) compared to their no-cancer counterparts (10 %, CI = 10–11 %; 11 %, CI = 11–12 %). Cancer survivors <5 years from diagnosis were more likely to experience worsening depression. Survivors ≥5 years were more likely to experience worsening anxiety. No significant results were found for well-being. Characterizing the psychological distress response is a prerequisite for identifying at-risk patients and communicating expected symptoms, allowing for proactive resource provision.
Saliva lost by grooming: A major item in the rat's water economy

Total evaporative water loss of adult male rats was determined for 24-hr periods in the absence of food and water. All measurements were made at a neutral ambient temperature (25°C). The losses of intact rats, not prevented from grooming, were compared to those of (1) rats prevented from oral grooming by face-masking collars and (2) rats without their major salivary glands. The results show that approximately one third of the rat's evaporative water loss, in the absence of heat stress, is saliva excreted during grooming.
Abeta star: a light onto synaptic dysfunction?

Learning and memory is impaired in a mouse model of Alzheimer disease. An Aβ 12-mer called Aβ* may be responsible for these cognitive deficits.
Predicting the Potential Individual- and Population-Level Effects of Imperfect Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Vaccines

Background. The seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2 in the United States has increased dramatically since the 1970s. Vaccines are being developed to control the epidemic. We determined the potential public health impact that imperfect, preexposure HSV-2 vaccines could have on reducing the incidence of infection. Methods. We modeled the future impact of preexposure vaccines with both prophylactic and therapeutic properties. We predicted the individual-level (cumulative number of new infections prevented per 1000 vaccinated individuals) and population-level (cumulative percentage reduction in new infections) impact. Results. We show that the percentage reduction in incidence of infection would be relatively modest. However, HSV-2 incidence rates are extremely high; thus, we calculate that even imperfect vaccines would prevent >1 million infections in the United States within a decade after introduction. We found that vaccines would prevent 3 times as many infections per vaccinated person in a high-prevalence epidemic than in a moderate-prevalence epidemic. We also identified the vaccine characteristics that have the greatest impact on reducing the incidence of infection. We determined that vaccine take and degree of protection against infection are equally important, whereas therapeutic characteristics are unimportant. Conclusions. Designing preexposure HSV-2 vaccines with therapeutic characteristics will have little impact on reducing the incidence of infection. HSV-2 vaccines will have a substantially greater public health impact in developing than in developed countries.
A sensitive bioassay for detection of dietary estrogens in animal feeds.

Estrogen-responsive proliferation in the MCF-7 cell line was used as a bioassay for detection of dietary estrogens. The bioassay procedure was adapted to screen for estrogenic activity in feedstuffs that have been associated with hyperestrogenism in livestock. Methanolic feed extracts were added to the cell culture medium at μ1/ml concentrations for 4 days, after which the cell proliferation response was measured as DNA content. The half-maximal response for estradiol occurred at 2 pM, or 0.54 pg/ml. For zearalenone, a weaker estrogen, the half-maximal response occurred at approximately 200 pM, or 64 pg/ml. The bioassay was calibrated against a number of known estrogens (estradiol, diethylstilbestrol, zearalenone, zearalanol [cattle implant], β-zearalenol, zearalane), including the naturally occurring phytoestrogens (formononetin, genistein, daidzein, biochanin A, and coumestrol). The estrogenic activity of feed samples was expressed as equivalents of zearalenone (ppm zearalenone) that would have to be pr...
Effect of Low Concentration Salt on Organic Contact Angle in Ionic Surfactant Solutions: Insight from Theory and Experiment

Abstract A theoretical approach to predict equilibrium organic/solid‐surface contact angles as affected by the addition of electrolytes to an aqueous surfactant solution has been developed. While the effects of electrolytes on surfactant self‐assembly and adsorption are extensively documented, there is a noticable gap in the literature for systems where less than 10 mM of electrolyte is added to the solution. This article presents an improved approach, based on our earlier model, that accounts for the dramatic changes observed for previously published hexadecane droplet contact angles data on gold for very low concentration additions of sodium chloride (NaCl) in separate aqueous solutions of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB). In addition to providing insight into changes in interfacial phenomena the model demonstrates that both charge and type of salt ions play a significant role in the extent to which droplet contact angles vary from those of salt free solutions.
Comparative monovalent cation transport in neonatal and adult red blood cells.

Summary: Active transport of Na and K under physiologic and maximally stressed conditions was identical in normal adult red blood cells (RBC) and term neonatal erythrocytes. These results are consistent with the previous observation that Na-K ATPase is the same in normal adult RBC and term neonatal erythrocytes. These data, however, are at variance with a previous observation that active K transport is impaired in neonatal erythrocytes. The most reasonable explanation for this difference relates to inherent problems with the use of radioisotopes which were used in previous in vitro studies of cation transport.
Cytokines, Interleukin-18, and the Genetic Determinants of Vascular Inflammation

In the past decade, atherogenesis has become recognized as an active, inflammatory vascular process rather than simply the result of passive endothelial injury with subsequent lipid infiltration.1 Evidence of inflammation is found locally in the vascular wall and systemically in the circulation. Participants in the inflammatory process within atherosclerotic plaque include macrophages, T-lymphocytes, cytokines, chemokines, matrix metalloproteinases, and adhesion molecules. Systemic (circulating) markers suggesting an augmented state of vascular inflammation have been found in acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina, and chronic coronary artery disease (CAD) and in asymptomatic patients at high risk for vascular disease. These markers include the white blood cell count,2 acute-phase reactants such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP),3 serum amyloid A and fibrinogen, cytokines (eg, interleukin [IL]-6), soluble adhesion molecules, and atherosclerosis-related enzymes (eg, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2).3 See p 643 Despite these advances, our understanding of vascular atherothrombotic processes is incomplete, and our ability to predict cardiovascular events, especially in individual patients, continues to be limited.4,5 Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial disease with environmental and polygenetic interactions each estimated to contribute equally to disease etiology. Hence, investigation of genetic variants interacting or reflecting environmentally triggered disease processes is of interest. Unexpected atherothrombotic events are frequently observed by the clinician in individuals with few or no traditional risk factors, implicating unrecognized inherited factors.5,6 With the completion of the Human Genome Project, optimism was high that the secrets of genetic risk would soon be unveiled. The discovery that most of the 0.1% of genetic diversity existing between 2 unrelated individuals lies in single-locus (nucleotide) polymorphisms (SNPs) promulgated the belief that the genetic underpinnings of cardiovascular disease would lie in the discovery of a limited number of these SNPs. These expectations have not yet been realized. Numerous studies have tested for associations between SNPs and …
Stochastic simulation of delay-induced circadian rhythms in Drosophila

Circadian rhythms are ubiquitous in all eukaryotes and some prokaryotes. Several computational models with or without time delays have been developed for circadian rhythms. Exact stochastic simulations have been carried out for several models without time delays, but no exact stochastic simulation has been done for models with delays. In this paper, we proposed a detailed and a reduced stochastic model with delays for circadian rhythms in Drosophila based on two deterministic models of Smolen et al. and employed exact stochastic simulation to simulate circadian oscillations. Our simulations showed that both models can produce sustained oscillations and that the oscillation is robust to noise in the sense that there is very little variability in oscillation period although there are significant random fluctuations in oscillation peeks. Moreover, although average time delays are essential to simulation of oscillation, random changes in time delays within certain range around fixed average time delay cause little variability in the oscillation period. Our simulation results also showed that both models are robust to parameter variations and that oscillation can be entrained by light/dark circles. Our simulations further demonstrated that within a reasonable range around the experimental result, the rates that dclock and per promoters switch back and forth between activated and repressed sites have little impact on oscillation period.
Congestion management in opportunistically connected networks using repeated games

In opportunistically connected networks, custody transfer provides a certain degree of reliability as a custodian node cannot discard a message unless its life time expires or the custody is transferred to another node with a commitment. This creates a challenging decision making problem at a node in determining whether to accept a custody transfer: on one hand, it is beneficial to accept a large number of messages as it can potentially advance more messages toward their ultimate destinations and network utilization can be maximized; on the other hand, if a receiving node over-commits itself by accepting too many messages, it may find itself setting aside an excessive amount of storage and thereby preventing itself from receiving further potentially important messages. In this paper, we employ repeated single-decision games to model this dynamic behavior and propose congestion management strategies. The repeated game based approach is particularly suitable for opportunistically connected networks, where every node cannot be sure that it is going to communicate with different opponents next round and there is no knowledge when the dynamic behavior is going to stop. The proposed congestion control strategy is completely distributed in nature where only the local information such as the occupied storage space of a node is required. Our simulation results also show that the proposed control strategy is effective in avoiding congestion and balancing network load among the nodes.
Anti-PD-1 and Anti-PDL-1 Monoclonal Antibodies Causing Type 1 Diabetes.

Checkpoint inhibitors have an anticancer effect by removing a negative regulatory signal for T-cell activation from the tumor microenvironment (Fig. 1). They include cytotoxic T-cell–associated antigen (CTLA-4), programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PDL-1) antibodies and are now being widely used for the treatment of different types of cancer. From the initial phases of checkpoint inhibitor use, there has been concern about the potential for the development of autoimmune disease as a result of T-cell activation. Subsequently, multiple autoimmune diseases were indeed observed as a result of these medications (1). Although both PD-1 and PDL-1 antibodies can precipitate type 1 diabetes in the nonobese diabetic mice model (2), only very recent reports have noted type 1 diabetes after PD-1 antibody use in humans (3,4). Here, we describe two older adults without diabetes receiving agents inhibiting the PD-1 pathway for resistant cancers who developed acute …
Social change and women's reproductive health care

Ihe issue of women's reproductive health care lies at the busy intersection of social and medical tradition and social and medical change. No other area of medical practice so closely impinges on emotion-laden attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors or has engendered such rage and conflict, both private and public. The modern practitioner is bombarded with medical change, governmental change, and psychosocial change. 1 Comfortable assumptions crumble; contradictions and complaints abound. Providers and consumers of obstetric and gynecologic (ob/gyn) care are having a hard time understanding and collaborating with each other. Women are bombarded daily by a barrage of advice, unsynthesized data, and highly emotional opinions about reproductive health care from sources other than personal care providers: friends, self-designated health experts, and the media. 2 They are subject to historical, psychological, and environmental influences on the conduct of their reproductive lives. There is no way for the obstetrician/gynecologist to stay on top of developments in the specialty, conduct a practice, maintain a personal life, and follow both lay and expert influences on reproductive issues. The medical practice model on which our health care training is based is one that has disappeared from many health care systems. 3 Perhaps for that reason, some observers of medical care issues tend to romanticize it. The old-fashioned doctor role had both advantages and disadvantages. Its purported limitations are what modern medicine has triumphed over, and its idealized interpersonal skills are what some critics of modern medicine mourn.
Impact of amplified spontaneous emission on carrier density for measurement of optical nonlinearities in GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum wells

It is shown that amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) can affect the measurement of nonlinear optical properties in semiconductors through its reduction of the excess carrier density. When the optical excitation area is large, lateral ASE can reduce the carriers within a much shorter period of time than the normal carrier lifetime. Just after ASE is over, the time-integrated surface photoluminescence signal may be used as a measure of the carrier density, which is the carrier density experienced by an ns probe in ps pump experiments. When the excited carrier density is at 10/sup 20/ cm/sup -3/, surface ASE is also possible and is observed, even with small spot sizes. >
On error function selection for the analysis of nonlinear time series

The extreme sensitivity of a chaotic system's steady state response to small changes in its initial conditions makes long term prediction of the evolution of such a system difficult, if not impossible. In the framework of parameter estimation, it is shown how this sensitivity can hinder attempts to determine model parameters that will reproduce a target chaotic time sequence. Specifically, a waveform error minimization technique based on gradient descent optimization is not well suited for estimating the parameters of a strongly chaotic system. A modification of this minimization procedure that avoids some of the obstacles present when estimating the parameters of a chaotic system is proposed. >
ACP: Anonymous communication protocol fo wireless sensor networks

Communication privacy techniques that protect the locations of source sensor nodes and sink nodes have received significant attention recently. Several communication protocols that improve the capture time, which is the time it takes for an adversary to identify the location of the source, have been proposed and their effectiveness is analyzed using simulation models. A simple anonymous communication protocol (ACP) to hide source sensor nodes locations is proposed. ACP renders an adversary with complete understanding of ACP design and operation and with extensive computational and radio monitoring resources perform no better than an adversary who tries to identify sources by randomly checking sensor nodes. ACP achieves this by ensuring that (a) each node transmit a packet in each active period regardless whether it has data to send or not, and (b) dummy packets be indistinguishable from real packets based on the contents. A simple analytical model and extensive simulations are used to show that ACP effectively randomizes sources locations. Energy consumption analysis shows that the increased energy cost owing to transmissions in every active cycle is a small fraction of the overall energy consumption by sensor nodes.
Location of periventricular nodular heterotopia is related to the malformation phenotype on MRI.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Periventricular nodular heterotopia are common malformations of cortical development that are associated with many clinical syndromes and with many different neuroimaging phenotypes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether specific malformation phenotypes may be related to location, side, or number of PNH as assessed by MR imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR images of 200 patients previously diagnosed with PNH were retrospectively analyzed. PNH were classified according to their location along the ventricles (anterior, posterior, or diffuse), side (unilateral or bilateral), and number of nodules ( 10). The cerebrum, brain stem and cerebellum were analyzed to assess associated anomalies. Associations between PNH location and the presence of other anomalies were tested by using Fisher exact test and χ 2 test. RESULTS: Posterior PNH were significantly associated with malformations of the cerebral cortex, diminished white matter volume, and mid-/hindbrain anomalies. Diffuse PNH were associated with diminished white matter volume, callosal “anomalies,” and the presence of megacisterna magna. Unilateral PNH were strongly associated with cortical malformations. CONCLUSIONS: Certain malformation complexes are associated with PNH in specific locations: posterior PNH with cerebral cortical and mid-/hindbrain malformations and diffuse PNH with callosal anomalies and megacisterna magna. Knowledge of these associations should allow more directed analyses of brain MR imaging in patients with PNH. In addition, knowledge of these associations may help to direct studies to elucidate the causes of these malformation complexes.
Early Conceptual and Linguistic Processes Operate in Independent Channels

Language and concepts are intimately linked, but how do they interact? In the study reported here, we probed the relation between conceptual and linguistic processing at the earliest processing stages. We presented observers with sequences of visual scenes lasting 200 or 250 ms per picture. Results showed that observers understood and remembered the scenes’ abstract gist and, therefore, their conceptual meaning. However, observers remembered the scenes at least as well when they simultaneously performed a linguistic secondary task (i.e., reading and retaining sentences); in contrast, a nonlinguistic secondary task (equated for difficulty with the linguistic task) impaired scene recognition. Further, encoding scenes interfered with performance on the nonlinguistic task and vice versa, but scene processing and performing the linguistic task did not affect each other. At the earliest stages of conceptual processing, the extraction of meaning from visually presented linguistic stimuli and the extraction of co...
Attitude control of a tilted air spindle testbed using proof mass actuators

The attitude dynamics of an air spindle and platform testbed, controlled by two proof mass actuators fixed to the platform, are studied assuming that the air spindle is not exactly vertical. A tilt angle of the air spindle induces a gravity moment that has a long term effect on the rotational dynamics. A mathematical model is used to study the free dynamics with the proof masses fixed, as a basis for parameter identification and to explain the longer term dynamics that have been observed in experiments. Feedback compensation for these gravity effects is discussed.
WormBase 2012: more genomes, more data, new website

Since its release in 2000, WormBase (http://www.wormbase.org) has grown from a small resource focusing on a single species and serving a dedicated research community, to one now spanning 15 species essential to the broader biomedical and agricultural research fields. To enhance the rate of curation, we have automated the identification of key data in the scientific literature and use similar methodology for data extraction. To ease access to the data, we are collaborating with journals to link entities in research publications to their report pages at WormBase. To facilitate discovery, we have added new views of the data, integrated large-scale datasets and expanded descriptions of models for human disease. Finally, we have introduced a dramatic overhaul of the WormBase website for public beta testing. Designed to balance complexity and usability, the new site is species-agnostic, highly customizable, and interactive. Casual users and developers alike will be able to leverage the public RESTful application programming interface (API) to generate custom data mining solutions and extensions to the site. We report on the growth of our database and on our work in keeping pace with the growing demand for data, efforts to anticipate the requirements of users and new collaborations with the larger science community.
An Evidence-Based Review of Epinephrine Administered via the Intraosseous Route in Animal Models of Cardiac Arrest

ABSTRACT Objectives: Intraosseous (IO) access, enabling the rapid administration of epinephrine during cardiac arrest (CA), is crucial in promoting optimal postresuscitation outcomes in patients with poor vascular access. There is a question whether IO-administered epinephrine is equivalent to intravenously administered epinephrine during CA. Methods: The question guiding this evidence-based review was as follows: in adults suffering CA given epinephrine via the IO route, what is the resulting serum concentration of the drug compared to when administered intravenously? A search was conducted and the evidence appraised and leveled. Results: Four animal studies met the inclusion criteria. The sources showed no definitive evidence supporting equivalence between intravenous and IO epinephrine administered during CA. Intravenously administered epinephrine provides increased and faster appearing serum concentrations than IO-administered epinephrine. Evidence indicated epinephrine given via the sternal IO route ...
Interaction of PKC and NOS in signal transduction of microvascular hyperpermeability.

Our previous studies have shown that inflammatory mediators increase microvascular permeability through a phospholipase C-nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-guanylate cyclase cascade. The aim of this stud...
Stroke in China

To the Editor: I read with interest the important article on proportion of different subtypes of stroke in China.1 However, it was unclear to me if stroke due to paradoxical embolism was included or excluded in the study. …
Effect of 1,2-Propanediol Versus 1,2-Ethanediol on Subsequent Oocyte Maturation, Spindle Integrity, Fertilization, and Embryo Development In Vitro in the Domestic Cat

This study assessed the impact of various cryoprotectant (CPA) exposures on nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation in the immature cat oocyte as a prerequisite to formulating a successful cryopreservation protocol. In experiment 1, immature oocytes were exposed to 0, 0.75, 1.5, or 3.0 M of 1,2-propanediol (PrOH) or 1,2-ethanediol (EG) at room temperature (25°C) or 0°C for 30 min. After CPA removal and in vitro maturation, percentage of oocytes reaching metaphase II (MII) was reduced after exposure to 3.0 M PrOH at 0°C or 3.0 M EG at both temperatures. All CPA exposures increased MII spindle abnormalities compared to control, except 1.5 M PrOH at 25°C. In experiments 2 and 3, immature oocytes were exposed to CPA conditions yielding optimal nuclear maturation that either had caused spindle damage (0.75 M PrOH, 1.5 M EG, and 3.0 M PrOH at 25°C) or not (1.5 M PrOH at 25°C). After maturation and insemination in vitro, oocytes were cultured for 7 days to assess treatment influence on developmental competence. CPA exposure did not affect fertilization, but the high incidence of MII spindle abnormalities resulted in a low percentage of cleaved embryos. Blastocyst formation and quality were influenced by both CPA types (EG was more detrimental than PrOH) and concentration (3.0 M was more detrimental than 1.5 M). Overall, cat oocytes appear to be highly sensitive to CPA except after exposure to 1.5 M PrOH at 25°C, a treatment that still allowed ∼60% of the oocytes to reach MII and ∼20% to form blastocysts.
Experimental Radiosurgery Simulations Using a Theoretical Model of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations

Background and Purpose—A novel biomathematical arteriovenous malformation (AVM) model based on electric network analysis was used to investigate theoretically the potential role of intranidal hemodynamic perturbations in elevating the risk of rupture after simulated brain AVM radiosurgery. Methods—The effects of radiation on 28 interconnected plexiform and fistulous AVM nidus vessels were simulated by predefined random or stepwise occlusion. Electric circuit analysis revealed the changes in intranidal flow, pressure, and risk of rupture at intervals of 3 months during a 3-year latency period after simulated partial/complete irradiation of the nidus using doses <25 and ≥25 Gy. An expression for risk of rupture was derived on the basis of the functional distribution of the critical radii of component vessels. The theoretical effects of radiation were also tested on AVM nidus vessels with progressively increasing elastic modulus (E) and wall thickness during the latency period, simulating their eventual fibr...
The Practice and Promise of Virtual Project Management

Virtual projects are essential components of modern organizations that seek to be flexible and take advantage of distributed resources. A virtual project is a project in which team members are dispersed geographically and potentially on other dimensions, and are working together to accomplish a specific task under time and resource constraints. Because of their dispersion, team members have to rely on computer-mediated communication tools to do their work. Virtual projects are prevalent in software development and increasingly common in research and development, marketing, and customer relationship management, hence they are an important phenomenon for study. The challenge is to discover which practices and perspectives help to enhance the effectiveness of virtual projects, so that team members can leverage the advantages of virtuality while avoiding its pitfalls. The relevant literature on this topic comes from many areas, including studies of virtual teams as well as the body of knowledge in project management. In this article, we bring together disparate fields and provide an integrated view of virtual project management. We begin by defining key terms and concepts in the context of an overall framework and briefly describe relevant knowledge from current research. We then discuss key issues and future trends for research, and conclude with overall observations and implications.
Adaptive Source Localization by a Mobile Robot Using Signal Power Gradient in Sensor Networks

In this paper, we propose a novel approach of signal power gradient by which a robot adaptively searches a location-unknown sensor. While moving, the robot measures signal strength and estimates the direction of power gradient along which the robot moves in the next step. The correctness of estimated direction is analyzed and the probability of correct direction is obtained. Since the robot continuously measures signal strength while moving, it can effectively overcome the motion errors. Simulation results demonstrate that the robot can successfully reach the location-unknown sensor with probability close to one when the signal to noise ratio at the initial location is as low as 0 dB and the standard deviation of motion error is 10% step size.
Effects of interferon alpha on the sheep erythrocyte "receptor" of human lymphocytes.

The percentage of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) which formed rosettes with sheep erythrocytes declined from 62 ± 2% to 29 ± 4% (p = 0.001) when PBLs were incubated 18 h at 37°C. In the presence of alpha interferon (IFN-α), a dose-dependent increase occurred in the percentage of sheep erythrocyte-binding PBL at the end of incubation compared with PBL incubated without IFN-α. Change in the number of sheep eyrthrocyte "receptors" (SER) probably did not account for the observed modulation of rosetting capacity, since the frequency and density of an SER-associated determinant (T11, as defined by immunofluorescence flow cytometry using the monoclonal antibody OKT11A) was unaffected by incubation with or without IFN-α. Treatment of PBL, control or IFNα-treated, with neuraminidase (0.4 u/ml), restored rosetting capacity to levels characteristic of freshly prepared PBL. Neuraminidase did not affect rosetting or T11 expression by freshly prepared PBL, nor did it affect T11 expression on PBL cultured with or w...
2D One-Band Hubbard Model for the Cuprates

Experiments on the Cu-O superconductors and related materials show that the electronic states near the Fermi energy have dispersion similar to simple bands, yet have significant electron-electron interactions.1,2,3,4,5,6 Low energy excitations and transport - namely linear resistivity vs. temperature, linear Raman scattering, and other anomalous low energy behaviors - in these materials reveal behavior different from that expected for normal Fermi liquids.7 To address whether or not these anomalous behaviors signify a fundamental breakdown of Fermi Liquid Theory8,9 or are instead manifestations of FLT for the special Hamiltonians that describe these materials,10 we believe it is important to have some idea of the nature of the interacting-electron Hamiltonian appropriate for CuO planes in the actual cuprate materials.
Influence of wet and dry feed on laying hens under heat stress.

Two experiments were carried out with a split-plot design over time using White Leghorn hens, 161 days of age. The experiments were conducted to determine the effect of two ambient temperatures (21.1 versus 29.4 C in Experiment 1 and 21.1 versus 33.3 C in Experiment 2) on feed and water consumption using four dietary regimens. The day was divided into two feeding periods: a.m. (0600 to 1300 h) and p.m. (1300 to 0600 h the next morning). The four regimens were as follows: dry feed during both a.m. and p.m. periods; dry feed during a.m. period and wet feed (50% moisture) during the p.m. period; wet feed in the a.m. and dry feed in the p.m.; and wet feet during both a.m. and p.m. periods. The hens were maintained on a 14 h light: 10 h dark lighting program. The hens consumed the greatest quantity of DM and water during the p.m. period, regardless of the environmental temperature to which the hens were exposed. Constant heat stress at 29.4 and 33.3 increased (P less than or equal to .05) drinking water intake during the a.m. but not during the p.m. period. The use of wet feed and dry-wet feed provided a 38 and 48% increase (P less than or equal to .05), respectively, in DM intake when compared with the use of dry feed at 33.3 C. Exposure of laying hens to high environmental temperatures (29.4 and 33.3 C) decreased (P less than or equal to .05) albumen and shell weight; yolk weight was depressed only at 33.3 C. The use of wet feed (50% moisture), ad libitum, or in the p.m. stimulated DM intake at 33.3 C.
“Dolphins Are Just Gay Sharks”: Glee and the Queer Case of Transmedia As Text and Object

The FOX television series Glee has been lauded for its progressive portrayals of gay characters and criticized for trafficking in stereotypes. We position Glee within a transmedia framework, using ...
Regulation of inflammatory biomarkers by intravenous methylprednisolone in pediatric ARDS patients: Results from a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized pilot trial

Objective A double-blind, randomized controlled trial showed that low-dose glucocorticoid therapy in pediatric ARDS patients is feasible and may improve both ventilation and oxygenation indices in these patients. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying potential changes in outcomes remain unclear. Based on these clinical findings, this study was designed to examine the effects of intravenous methylprednisolone on circulating inflammatory biomarkers in pediatric ARDS patients.
Emergency Department Visits Prior to Suicide and Homicide: Linking Statewide Surveillance Systems.

Abstract. Background: Emergency departments (EDs) serve a wide range of patients who present at risk of impending suicide and homicide. Aims: Two statewide surveillance systems were probabilistically linked to understand who utilizes EDs and then dies violently within 6 weeks. Method: Each identified case was matched with four randomly selected controls on sex, race, date of birth, resident zip code, and date of ED visit vs. date of death. Matched-pair odds ratios were estimated by conditional logistic regression to assess differences between cases and controls on reported diagnoses and expected payment sources. Results: Of 1,599 suicides and 569 homicides in the 3-year study period, 10.7% of decedents who died by suicide (x = 13.6 days) and 8.3% who died by homicide (x = 16.3 days) were seen in a state ED within 6 weeks prior to death. ED attendees who died by suicide were more likely to have a diagnosis of injury/ poisoning diagnosis or mental disorder and more likely to have Medicare. Those who died by...