cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ENIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN EUROPEAN UNION: SURVEY OF ISO 14001 CERTIFIED ESTONIAN COMPANIES

The growing importance of sustainable development and influence of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on the performance of companies have forced companies to care more than ever about the environmental impact of their activities. Wide range of environmental legislations has been enforced by the European Union during recent years in order to ensure sustainable development of European cities. As a result, various initiatives have taken place to boost companies’ interest to take control over the environmental performance. An environmental management area has developed strongly in recent decades and various systems and tools have been introduced to effectively manage sustainable environmental development of companies. More and more organizations both in Estonia and worldwide are initiating the ISO14001 certification process, which specifies requirements for environmental management systems, in order to develop and implement environmental policy and objectives. The main purpose of the present research was to identify the main factors of initiating the ISO certification process by Estonian companies and to get their opinion regarding the future of the ISO 14001 certification in Estonia. To achieve the aim of the research, the authors have set the following research tasks: to provide a wide overview of the scientific literature covering the main relevant studies in the selected research area; to research the implementation of standards in European Union and Estonia; to conduct a survey in the form of questionnaire among ISO 14001 certified enterprises; to reveal respondent’s opinion about the current situation and future development of ISO 14001 certification in Estonia. The main methods applied in this article include analytical method and quantitative research method. Authors conducted a survey among ISO 14001 certified Estonian companies in September-October 2015 and collected 115 replies. The findings of the present research clearly demonstrate that Estonian companies are actively involved into the environmental management process; therefore, they initiated the ISO 14001 certification procedure and are willing to renew the certificate upon expiration. They also confirm that Estonian stakeholders are aware of the environmental management initiatives and their opinions are valued by companies and inspire them to show better performance in the field of environmental sustainability. The companies are also caring about their reputation and compliance with environmental laws and legislation, and believe that ISO 14001 certification will assist in this matter. However, it should be pointed out that surveyed companies do not identify a direct link between the ISO 14001 certification and reductions of certain costs and expenses. Therefore, there should be more workshops and training organized in order to explain how the sustainability helps to boost the effectiveness of the company by reducing various expenses and increasing profits. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eis.0.10.14490
Update from the 4th Edition of the World Health Organization of Head and Neck Tumours: Tumours of the Oral Cavity and Mobile Tongue

There have been several additions and deletions in Chapter 4 on Tumours of the oral cavity and mobile tongue in the 2017 fourth edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumours of the Head and Neck. This chapter excludes the oropharynx, which now is a stand-alone chapter acknowledging the uniqueness of the oropharynx from the oral cavity. New entries in Chapter 4 include rhabdomyoma, haemangioma, schwannoma, neurofibroma and myofibroblastic sarcoma in the section titled Soft tissue and neural tumours. Discussion of salivary gland entities have been reduced and includes mucoepidermoid carcinoma and pleomorphic adenoma as the other salivary gland types are discussed elsewhere. In the Haematolymphoid tumours section, like the salivary gland section, only tumors that commonly present in the oral cavity are discussed in Chapter 4. Excluded entities in the updated classification include papillary hyperplasia, median rhomboid glossitis, keratoacanthoma, focal oral mucinosis, and secondary tumors. This article will summarize the changes in the new classification since the 2005 edition focusing on selected entities that have had significant changes along with new entries.
Climate optimism gets a road map.

In Drawdown , entrepreneur Paul Hawken and colleagues introduce an ambitious project to build a social movement around a science-based plan to reduce the concentration of green­house gases in the atmosphere. The new volume is a handsome collection of short essays identifying what Hawken and his collaborators believe to be the 80 most ef­fective actions that can jointly reduce emis­sions and sequester atmospheric carbon in soils and vegetation.
Detection and Quantification of Hydrogen Peroxide in Aqueous Solutions Using Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer.

The development of new analytical methods to accurately quantify hydrogen peroxide is of great interest. In the current study, we developed a new magnetic resonance (MR) method for noninvasively quantifying hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in aqueous solutions based on chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST), an emerging MRI contrast mechanism. Our method can detect H2O2 by its specific CEST signal at ∼6.2 ppm downfield from water resonance, with more than 1000 times signal amplification compared to the direct NMR detection. To improve the accuracy of quantification, we comprehensively investigated the effects of sample properties on CEST detection, including pH, temperature, and relaxation times. To accelerate the NMR measurement, we implemented an ultrafast Z-spectroscopic (UFZ) CEST method to boost the acquisition speed to 2 s per CEST spectrum. To accurately quantify H2O2 in unknown samples, we also implemented a standard addition method, which eliminated the need for predetermined calibration curves. Ou...
Developing a Civic Identity by Designing and Facilitating Public Opportunities for Deliberative Dialogue

An innovative course at James Madison University seeks to engage students in civic life by starting not with specific public and political issues but by engaging communication majors in creating spaces for public talk about complex and value-laden issues. This course supports a campus–community program whose goal is to help the campus and local communities productively address difficult issues. In this chapter, the authors illustrate how students research public issues, study design processes, and facilitate deliberative dialogue. As they engaged in shaping processes that encourage others to enact citizenship, students realized that they, themselves, play a vital role in civic life.
Authentic Leadership and Talent Development: Fulfilling Individual Potential in Sociocultural Context:

The ProblemAlthough leadership researchers have alluded to a connection between talent and leadership, the relationship has not been explored.The SolutionLeadership entails influence through inspir...
Ultrasound-guided rectus sheath block, caudal analgesia, or surgical site infiltration for pediatric umbilical herniorrhaphy: a prospective, double-blinded, randomized comparison of three regional anesthetic techniques.

Background Umbilical hernia repair is a common pediatric surgical procedure. While opioid analgesics are a feasible option and have long been a mainstay in the pharmacological intervention for pain, the effort to improve care and limit opioid-related adverse effects has led to the use of alternative techniques, including regional anesthesia. The current study prospectively compares the analgesic efficacy of three techniques, including caudal epidural blockade, peripheral nerve blockade, and local wound infiltration, in a double-blinded study. Patients and methods A total of 39 patients undergoing umbilical hernia repair were randomized to receive a caudal epidural block (CDL), ultrasound-guided bilateral rectus sheath blocks (RSB), or surgical site infiltration (SSI) with local anesthetic. Intraoperative anesthetic care was standardized, and treatment groups were otherwise blinded from the intraoperative anesthesiology team and recovery nurses. Postoperatively, the efficacy was evaluated using Hannallah pain scores, Aldrete recovery scores, the need for intravenous fentanyl, and the time to discharge. Results Each cohort was similar in terms of age, weight, premedication dosing, length of case, intraoperative and postoperative fentanyl requirements, and time to tracheal extubation. Among the three cohorts, there were no significant differences noted in terms of pain scores or time to recovery. Conclusion All the three techniques provided effective analgesia following umbilical hernia repair. Our findings offer effective and safe analgesic options as alternatives to the neuraxial (caudal) approach.
Reproductive melanization may protect sperm from harmful solar radiation

Animal pigmentation is incredibly diverse, serving a variety of functions. However, the function of the pigmentation that surrounds the testes of some vertebrates is unknown. Why are the tissues surrounding the testes (scrotum, tunica vaginalis and/or tunica albuginea) melanized in some species but not others? We examined this question in bats, where there is extensive species-specific variation in the presence of darkly pigmented (melanized) tissues surrounding the male gonads, as well as diversity in their ecologies, mating systems, and physiologies. Using data from 136 species of bats, we found that melanin surrounding the testes and epididymis is associated with more exposed roosting sites (presumably with greater sun exposure- and UV radiation), and with the occurrence of long-term male sperm storage. These findings suggest that scrotal melanin may protect mature sperm from UV damage, and from oxidative damage in species with male sperm storage. We found no evidence of an association between group size or mating system with reproductive melanin, or that phylogeny explains the distribution of pigmentation. Although our study suggests that scrotal melanin may protect sperm, the mechanism remains unknown. We outline several avenues for future work on reproductive pigmentation aimed at investigating additional roles of reproductive melanization in male bats.
A Reliability Metric Framework for Composite Web Service

Constructing reliable web service applications according to user demand is one of the key problems for services engineering. The reliability of composite service is subject to the environment and user demand, which are usually uncertain. As thus, the traditional reliability measurements are not suitable for the service environment. This paper presents a reliability metric framework of composite web service based on the service interactive network, and gives the reliability metric model of the composite services aimed at topological structure of web services, in considering the dynamic changes in loading, environment and demands. The reliability model can effectively reflect the trend of the composite service reliability while the service and environment dynamics changing, and improve the survivability of services software.
Extending SCIPRR: Two Sensor Case-Studies

The Sensing, Computing, Interactive Platform for Research Robotics (SCIPRR), is a humanoid, head-shaped sensor package designed to balance both sensing and interaction needs within HRI. Designed to maximize reconfigurability and modularity, SCIPRR can accommodate most sensors and computers with little effort. We report the process of adapting SCIPRR for audio and point-cloud sensors through the use of 3D modeling and printing
How brand concept affects consumer response to product recalls: A longitudinal study in the U.S. auto industry

Abstract This paper investigates the effect of recall announcements on product sales and how brand concept moderates this relationship. We argue that severe recalls adversely impact product sales, and that in the event of such recalls, products with a functional brand concept are more adversely impacted than products with a luxury brand concept because functional brand-choice risk expectations are violated. Data from the United States auto industry during the period from 2003 to 2014 support our hypotheses. Our findings provide insights into the product recall literature by highlighting the effect of brand concept on consumers' behavioral outcomes following undesirable events. Furthermore, our post-hoc analysis suggests that, among the car models with a functional brand concept, those with higher reliability ratings lose more sales following severe recall announcements. We discuss the theoretical and managerial implications based on our findings.
Agripoetic Resistance in Urban Architecture and Planning in the European World

This chapter focuses on the architectural responses to the evolution of human–nature relationships throughout history within European urban context by reviewing design practices with a focus on farming as a settling and dwelling. Drawing from Martin Heidegger’s notion of poiesis and Henri Lefebvre’s definition of urbanization, we elaborate on the ways that global urbanization controlled by neoliberal forces is challenged through a poetic urban agricultural tactic, namely agripoetics, an opposition to scientific and quantitative thinking of mass production for the sake of efficiency and profit. Agripoeticresistance overcomes one of the most controversial challenges of urban society—the impossibility to shape itself through the shape of its cities. Through agripoetic resistance, human–nature relations unfold with new meanings as social activists and architects, activism and profession merge together, while the rights to the nature, food, and city blend in a new modality of dwelling.
Surgery for Scoliosis Correction

Scoliosis is a common condition seen in up to 4% of the population involving lateral and rotational changes in the spine that may require major spine-corrective surgery to improve cosmesis and prevent later sequelae. The latter includes restrictive lung disease, pulmonary hypertension, cor pulmonale, pain, and neurologic impairment which can be fatal by age 50 [1]. Corrective surgery often involves large regions of the thoracic and lumbar spine and is commonly associated with significant intraoperative problems including: major blood loss (15–60% of blood volume), venous air embolism, and spinal cord injury (usually from spinal cord ischemia during derotation and straightening of the spine). A variety of surgical techniques and instru­mentation have been reported. Posterior surgical approaches include: (1) Harrington distraction with Wisconsin or Lugue segmental wiring, (2) combined distraction and wiring (Cotrel-Dubousset), and (3) mechanical fixation using pedicle screws. Techniques incorporating combined anterior release with either anterior or posterior instrumentation (Dwyer, Weiss springs) require a thoracotomy or thoracoabdominal. The severity of the spinal deformity is graded by the degrees of angle of curvature based on the Cobb method and surgery is usually indicated when this angle exceeds 50°.
Crime Laboratory Proficiency Testing Results, 1978–1991, I: Identification and Classification of Physical Evidence

The proficiency testing of crime laboratories began in the mid-1970s and presently assumes an important role in quality assurance programs within most forensic laboratories. This article reviews the origins and early results of this testing program and also examines the progress of proficiency testing in allied scientific fields. Beginning in 1978, a fee-based crime laboratory proficiency testing program was launched and has grown to its present level involving almost 400 laboratories worldwide. This is the first of two articles that review the objectives, limitations and results of this testing from 1978 through 1991. Part I reviews the success of laboratories in the identification and classification of common evidence types: controlled substances, flammables, explosives, fibers, bloodstains, and hairs. Laboratories enjoy a high degree of success in identifying drugs and classifying (typing) bloodstains. They are moderately successful in identifying flammables, explosives, and fibers. Animal hair identification and human hair body location results are troublesome. The second paper will review the proficiency of crime laboratories in determining if two or more evidentiary samples shared a common origin.
Images, Themes, and Urbanography

This collection of essays explores a symbolic realm of urban images and themes. Too frequently, this realm is treated as a backdrop, whereas it deeply influences the plot and characterization. We tend to be only dimly aware of this city of the mind that is the focus of the analyses presented in this book. The thoroughfares and buildings of this invisible city control our movement as much as do the actual streets of New York, Indianapolis, or Bombay. They are tangible to us as metaphors or symbols—the city as a creature of the state, the city as a machine or as an organism, the central city as a jungle or a reservation. Indeed, the concept of the city as a state subdivision or the likening of the city to a machine may presuppose the existence of a body of deeply held ideas—constraining or mechanistic notions whose power is immensely greater than that simply of an apt (or stale) figure of speech.
IBM Watson Evidence Service (WES): A system for retrieval, summation and insight generation of relevant clinical evidence for personalized oncology.

e18588Background: There were ~49,300 clinical research publications in oncology in the last 10 years. Oncologists do not have the time to read them all. AI and computationally assisted systems may ...
Mortality Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Case-Control Study of New York State Death Records.

Studies examining the mortality risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have yielded conflicting results, and most do not account for recent advancements made in the treatment of Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). We aim to assess the overall, premature, and cause-specific mortality in IBD patients over a 17-year time period and to evaluate any differences since the introduction of biologic therapy. A death record case–control study was performed to explore the odds of premature death (before age 65) and all-cause mortality among those with IBD. Cases consisted of IBD patients (1,129 with CD and 841 with UC) who died in New York State (NYS) from 1993 to 2010. Controls (n = 7880) were matched 4:1 on the basis of sex and zip code from those who died in NYS in the same time frame, without an IBD diagnosis. Compared with matched controls, those with CD (OR 1.56, CI 95% 1.34–1.82), but not UC (OR 0.72, CI 95% 0.59–0.89), were more likely to die prematurely. Both those with UC and CD were more likely to die from a gastrointestinal cause (CD OR 15.28, 95% CI 12.11–19.27; UC OR 14.02, 95% CI 10.76–18.26). There was no difference in the cause or age of death before and after the introduction of anti-TNF agents in those with IBD. Both CD and UC cases were more likely to die of a gastrointestinal etiology, and CD patients were more likely to die prematurely. There was no significant difference in the premature death, average age of death, and cause of death in this IBD population after the availability of anti-TNF therapy.
Impact of the disclosure of audit engagement partners on audit quality: Evidence from the USA

The debate concerning the recent regulation in the United States mandating accounting firms to disclose engagement partners’ identity is ongoing. We examine the impact of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board’s (PCAOB) requirement of disclosing engagement partners’ names on Form AP on the quality of audit engagements. Using two measures of audit quality (abnormal accruals and the probability of detecting material weaknesses in internal control), we find that disclosing engagement partners’ names is associated with a lower level of abnormal accruals and a higher probability of accounting firms detecting material weaknesses in internal control. Our study extends the contemporary research on the disclosure of engagement partners’ identification by providing additional evidence to the literature on this issue in the U.S. setting. Our study also provides evidence supporting the PCAOB’s perception that this disclosure leads to higher audit quality.
Effects of Harvest Date, Sampling Time, and Cultivar on Total Phenolic Concentrations, Water-Soluble Carbohydrate Concentrations, and Phenolic Profiles of Selected Cool-Season Grasses in Central Kentucky.

Abstract Grasses are a source of nutrients for grazing horses. However, water-soluble carbohydrates (WSCs) of grasses have been implicated in some equine health issues. Grasses also contain phenolic compounds, whose sensory and antimicrobial properties may affect forage intake by horses and horse health. The goals of this study were to assess factors affecting phenolic and WSC concentrations in selected cultivars of cool-season grasses and profile the phenolic compounds. Total phenolics and WSC were quantified in “Linn” and “Calibra” perennial ryegrass (PRG), “Cajun II” tall fescue (Cajun TF), “Persist” orchardgrass (OG), and “Ginger” Kentucky bluegrass (BG), collected in the morning and afternoon of late April, early May, and late May. WSCs were higher in the afternoon (P
Research on Development of Motor Motion Control and Its Related Technology

The developing process of power electronics,various electronics used in motion controller was introduced.In the light of the research status quo of motor technology and micro-controller,the up-to-the-minute development and developing trend in motor motion control was analyzed.
Síndrome de piel escaldada. Avances en Diagnóstico y Tratamiento.

Sindrome de piel escaldada estafilococica (SSSS, por sus siglas en ingles) es una entidad clinica generada por toxinas epidermoliticas producidas por el microorganismo Staphylococcus aureus que destruye las uniones celulares de la epidermis. Esta afectacion produce un compromiso cutaneo caracterizado por exfoliacion superficial de la piel, celulitis eritematosa y bulas que se pueden expandir hacia gran parte del cuerpo. Esta enfermedad se describe como una infeccion mediada por toxinas que afecta principalmente pacientes pediatricos y algunos adultos. Las medidas terapeuticas mas importantes para disminuir la tasa de mortalidad son el tratamiento de soporte con analgesia, cuidado de heridas y tratamiento antibiotico con antiestafilococicos. Se recomienda enfrentar esta enfermedad con un enfoque multidisciplinario debido a los diagnosticos diferenciales que incluyen manifestaciones de reaccion adversas a medicamentos, necrolisis epidermica toxica o sindrome de Steven Johnson por lo que requiere la evaluacion por al menos dermatologos, infectologos y cirujanos. El proposito de esta revision es resumir las bases clinicas, etiopatogenicas, complicaciones, tratamiento actual segun evidencia y proyecciones a futuro.
Neuroactive nectar: compounds in nectar that interact with neurons

As well as sugars to entice pollinators, nectar contains many other chemicals including amino acids and plant secondary compounds such as phenolics, alkaloids, and glycosides. Rather than simply the byproducts of plant metabolism or contamination by compounds meant to deter herbivory, it is clear that these chemicals may have important roles in nectar. Proposed functions of non-sugar components of nectar include pollinator nutrition, reducing nectar robbing, and defense against microbes. Additionally, some of these compounds are able to interact directly with the nervous system via binding to receptor proteins found on the surface of neurons. Thus, these neuroactive components of nectar may be able to manipulate pollinator behavior. To increase our ability to analyze the many functions of nectar, it is important to understand how specific components may interact with neurons. This review examines the neurotransmitter receptors that are targets of some of the chemicals present in nectar. Although these compounds also affect the nervous systems of vertebrates, the focus of this review is on the interactions between nectar and insect pollinators.
A Mechanistic Understanding of the Electrochemical Activity of Zinc Oxide in Alkaline Batteries

Rechargeable zinc alkaline batteries are of great interest for stationary storage applications because they are inherently safe, energy dense, environmentally friendly, and low-cost. However, these batteries have not been commercialized on a large scale because of their low cycle life at high depths of discharge. One cause is the buildup of ZnO on the electrode. It has been shown recently that ZnO produced in zinc alkaline electrodes inserts protons and electrons and undergoes electrochromic color changes as a function of electrode potential. This dynamic behavior increases hydrogen catalysis, contributes capacity to the electrode, and changes oxide conductivity as a function of electrode potential. In this work we investigate the disorder and nonstoichiometry of ZnO that allow the material to become electrochemically active. We used 1H, 2H, and 67Zn solid-state MAS NMR to better understand structure, defects, order, and the hydrogen insertion mechanism of the ZnO. Understanding the physical properties of the ZnO will enable better design of electrodes and additives for zinc alkaline batteries in the future.
Three New Fungal Leaf Spot Diseases of Spinach in the United States and the Evaluation of Fungicide Efficacy for Disease Management.

Leaf spot diseases of spinach, caused by Colletotrichum spinaciae, has become a major production constraint in several production areas, including Texas, in recent years. Leaf spot symptoms were ob...
Provider Response to Critical Action Values for Hypoglycemia in the Ambulatory Setting: a Retrospective Cohort Study

The blood glucose level triggering a critical action value (CAV) for hypoglycemia is not standardized, and associated outcomes are unknown. To evaluate the clinical consequences of, and provider responses to, CAVs for hypoglycemia. Retrospective cohort study at Johns Hopkins Hospital and Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center between April 1, 2013, and January 31, 2017. Patients with an ambulatory serum glucose < 50 mg/dL. Point-of-care capillary glucose and whole blood glucose samples were excluded. Electronic medical record (EMR) review for providers’ documented response to CAV, associated patient symptoms, and serious adverse events. We analyzed 209 CAVs for hypoglycemia from 154 patients. The median age (IQR) was 59 years (46, 69), 89 (57.8%) were male, and 96 (62.3%) were black. Provider-to-patient contact occurred in 128 of 209 (61.2%) episodes, among which no documented etiology was observed for 81 of 128 (63.3%), no recommendations were provided in 32 of 128 (25.0%), and no patient-reported hypoglycemic symptoms were documented in 103 of 128 (80.5%). Serious adverse events were documented in 4 of 128 episodes (3.1%), two required glucagon administration, and three required an ED visit. Provider-to-patient contact was associated with the patient having malignant neoplasm (adjusted OR 3.63, p = 0.045) or a hypoglycemic disorder (adjusted OR 7.70, p = 0.018) and inversely associated with a longer time from specimen collection to EMR result (adjusted OR 0.90 per hour, p = 0.016). There is inconsistent provider-to-patient contact following CAVs for hypoglycemia, and the etiology and symptoms of hypoglycemia were infrequently documented. There were few serious documented adverse events associated with hypoglycemia, although undocumented events may have occurred, and the incidence of serious adverse events in non-contacted patients remains unknown. These findings demonstrate a need to standardize provider response to CAVs for hypoglycemia. Decreasing the lag time between sample collection and laboratory result reporting may increase provider-to-patient contact.
BRCA1/2 Testing in Massachusetts Among Women With Private Insurance or Medicaid, 2011-2015.

PURPOSE Testing for BRCA1/2 mutations has increased among privately insured women in the United States. However, little is known about testing rates or trends among women with Medicaid. We sought to determine whether BRCA1/2 testing rates differed between women with private insurance compared with women with Medicaid in a state where both insurance types cover the test, and to compare testing trends from 2011 to 2015. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of medical claims from January 2011 through June 2015. We included Massachusetts women aged 18-64 with private insurance or Medicaid and at least 12 months of continuous enrollment. We used multivariable linear regression to examine the association of insurance type, age, and time with testing rates. RESULTS Mean monthly BRCA1/2 testing rates were lower among women with Medicaid compared with those with private insurance. Among privately insured women, mean monthly rates rose from 9.3 per 100,000 in 2011 to 18.4 per 100,000 in 2015, while among Medicaid-insured women, rates increased from 3.7 to 14.7. There was no difference in the monthly rate of increase in both groups (P=0.07). In adjusted analyses, rates were lower among Medicaid-insured women (7 fewer tests per month than privately insured women, P<0.001), and differed by age, with women aged 44-54 most likely to receive testing and women 18-34 the least likely. CONCLUSION BRCA1/2 testing rates were lower among women insured by Medicaid compared with those with private insurance, though rates increased from 2011 to 2015 among both groups of women at a similar rate.
Cyber Physical Implementation of Improved Distributed Secondary Control of DC Microgrid

This paper presents a cyber physical system implementation of an improved distributed secondary control (IDSC) scheme of islanded dc microgrid (DCMG). The IDSC scheme mitigates the hidden issues of primary control with included droop technique for the distributed generation unit (DGU) in a DCMG by providing the adjustable voltage compensation, improves voltage regulation and enhances the current sharing of all DGUs. The voltage compensation of IDSC is the resultant of two voltage components, i.e., average distributed integral voltage controller and average current controller. The dynamic consensus algorithm is used to obtain the global average values in the for distributed secondary controlusing relatively low bandwidth communication. The impact of communication time delay on the stability in IDSC based DCMG with two DGUs is presented. The performance of IDSC scheme is validated on a microgrid scenario, which includes parallel connection of four DGUs and common load. The real-time cyber physical system of DCMG is implemented on OP AL-RT test platform that combines the device layer on FPGA, control and cyber layers on CPU of OP5700 by using eFPGASim and RT-LAB.
Measuring Englacial Temperatures with a Combined Radar-Radiometer

Accurately measuring the vertical temperature profiles of ice sheets and glaciers can provide critical data for numerical ice sheet models used in global sea level projections. Ice-penetrating radars and radiometers have been utilized independently in remote sensing campaigns to measure englacial ice temperatures. Here we show that by combining these two instruments, which have complimentary sensitivities to lower and upper depths of the ice column, respectively, the overall uncertainty in temperature profile retrievals can be significantly reduced. We present unified simulations of radar attenuation and radiometer brightness temperature as functions of depth and frequency to demonstrate the value in this combined active/passive remote sensing approach.
Effects of sire, dam traits, calf traits, and environment on dystocia and subsequent reproduction of two-year-old heifers

A study was conducted over 3 yr to evaluate effects of sire birth weight EPD, calf birth weight and shape, and heifer pelvic area and weight, individually and in combination, on dystocia and subsequent rebreeding of 2-yr-old heifers. Heifers (n = 550), MARC II yearlings, were assigned for breeding to one of four Angus sires with birth weight EPD of -.95, -82, +2.9, and +2.7 kg. At calving, heifers were assisted as needed. A gauge attached to the cal puller recorded applied traction pressure. Analysis of traction pressure detected only slightly larger amounts of variation (2 to 3%) affecting dystocia than the standard five-point scoring system. Dam weight did not affect calving difficulty score (CDS), except dam birth weights were heavier (P < .05) for CDS 5 (Caesarean section) than CDS 1 (unassisted). Dams requiring Caesarean section had smaller pelvic areas (P < .05), with no other differences among CDS. The CDS increased as calf birth weight and cal external measurements increased. Low EPD sires produced calves with smaller (P < .05) birth weights and smaller calf head and food circumferences and caused less dystocia than high EPD sires. The CDS did not affect subsequent pregnancy rates but did affect conception date of the second calf. Calves delivered by Caesarean section were lighter (P < .05) at weaning than other calves but had similar slaughter weights. As mean winter temperature increased (6.1 degrees C) from yr 1 to 3, calf birth weight decreased (4.6 kg) and calving difficulty decreased 23%. Results indicate sire birth weight EPD, calf birth weight and shape, dam pelvic area, and climate affected CDS, and CDS affected subsequent conception date.
UDP-galactose inhibition of BALB/3T12-3 cell growth. Requirement for medium galactosyltransferase activity.

Abstract Incubation of BALB/3T12-3 cells with uridine diphosphate galactose (UDP-gal) resulted in a concentration-dependent inhibition of cell growth when cells were cultured in calf serum-supplemented Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (CS-DMEM). Cell growth was completely inhibited by 5 mM UDP-gal with an ID 50 of 0.75 mM. This inhibitory effect was reversible. Other nucleotide-sugars, as well as galactose, glucose, and galactose-1-phosphate had no effect on cell growth. UDP-gal had no effect on cell growth when cells were cultured in heat-inactivated calf serum containing DMEM (HICS-DMEM) suggesting that a serum enzyme activity was responsible for the inhibition observed in CS-DMEM. No significant difference could be detected by descending chromatography in the degradation of UDP-gal during 96 h of incubation in CS-DMEM and in HICS-DMEM. Furthermore, the potential breakdown products of UDP-gal had no effect on cell growth when added directly to 3T12 cultures. When cells were incubated with 5 mM UDP-gal+5 mM CDP-choline (a potent inhibitor of pyrophosphatase activity), complete inhibition of cell growth was still observed. However, if cells were incubated with 5 mM UDP-gal+UDP (which inhibited calf serum galactosyltransferase activity), no inhibition of cell growth was observed over that found for UDP alone, suggesting that galactosyltransferase and not pyrophosphatase activity mediated the effect of UDP-gal on cell growth. A direct effect of UDP-gal on cells was suggested by ( a ) normal growth of cells in UDP-gal-conditioned medium (preincubated with UDP-gal for 24 h followed by dialysis to remove UDP-gal); ( b ) 3-fold greater incorporation of [ 3 H]galactose from UDP-[ 3 H]gal into cells grown in CS-DMEM than in HICS-DMEM. These studies suggest that the inhibition of 3T12 cell growth by exogenous UDP-gal may be due to alteration of cell surface glycoconjugates by extracellular galactosyltransferase activity.
Generic constructions of biometric identity based encryption systems

In this paper, we present a novel framework for the generic construction of biometric Identity Based Encryption (IBE) schemes, which do not require bilinear pairings and result in more efficient schemes than existing fuzzy IBE systems implemented for biometric identities. Also, we analyze the security properties that are specific to biometric IBE namely anonymity and identity privacy. Considering these notions, we present generic constructions for biometric IBE and ID-KEM based on weakly secure anonymous IBE schemes, error correcting codes and generic conversion schemes. Finally, we describe concrete applications of our framework and compare them to the existing fuzzy IBE systems in terms of time complexity.
Genomic fluidity of bordetella pertussis assessed by a new method for chromosomal mapping

The genomic organization of Bordetella pertussis strains has been examined by using a new method. This method does not depend on the prior determination of a restriction map of the bacterial chromosome but is based on the ability to measure directly the distance between two genes. This is accomplished through the integration at each gene of a suicide vector containing a cleavage site for the intron-encoded endonuclease I-SceI, which is not otherwise found in the chromosome. Integration is mediated by homologous recombination between the chromosomal and cloned plasmid copies of a gene of interest. Digestion with I-SceI gives rise to a fragment the size of which represents the distance between the two genes. Multiple pairwise determinations within a set of genes provide sufficient information to derive a map of the relative gene positions. Mapping a set of 11 to 13 genes for five strains of B. pertussis and one strain of B. parapertussis revealed extensive divergence of gene order between B. pertussis Tohama I, B. pertussis 18-323, and B. parapertussis ATCC 15311. Less extensive divergence of gene order was observed between B. pertussis Tohama I and B. pertussis Tohama III, BP165, and Wellcome 28, with most of the observed differences explainable by large inversions.
Acute Pharyngitis: Etiology and Diagnosis

Acute pharyngitis may be caused by a wide variety of microbial agents (Table 1). The relative importance of each of these agents varies greatly depending on a number of epidemiologic factors, including age of the patient, season of the year, and geographic locale. Viruses Most cases of acute pharyngitis are viral in etiology and involve the pharynx as well as other portions of the respiratory tract as manifestations of the common cold, influenza, or croup. Examples include the rhinoviruses, coronaviruses, influenza A and B, and the parainfluenza viruses. Certain viral infections causing sore throat may exhibit clinical manifestations that are rather distinctive. Examples include enteroviruses (herpangina due to Coxsackie A), Epstein-Barr virus (infectious mononucleosis), cytomegalovirus (cytomegalovirus mononucleosis), adenovirus (pharyngoconjunctival fever, acute respiratory disease of military recruits), and herpes simplex virus (pharyngitis, gingivitis, and stomatitis). In many instances, however, the illnesses caused by these agents may overlap so broadly with that of streptococcal pharyngitis as to be clinically indistinguishable. Thus, Epstein-Barr virus, adenovirus, and herpes virus may all cause fever, exudative pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis. Several studies have documented the role of primary herpesvirus type 1 infection as a cause of acute pharyngitis in college students.1-4 Herpesvirus type 2 can occasionally cause a similar illness as a consequence of oral-genital sexual contact.5 Although herpesvirus infections may involve the anterior oral cavity (vesicular or ulcerative gingivostomatitis) as well as the posterior pharynx, they do not routinely do so. Only about one-fourth of students with culturally and serologically proven primary herpes simplex type 1 pharyngitis studied by Glezen et al,2 for example, had gingivostomatitis.
Right ventricular obstruction secondary to intracardiac metastatic osteosarcoma

A 30-year-old female with a history of surgically treated osteosarcoma 2 years prior to admission presented with progressive dyspnea and cyanosis. Physical examination was otherwise negative. Cardiac catheterization demonstrated a right ventricular mass lesion. At surgery, a metastatic osteosarcoma filling the entire right ventricle and extending from the pulmonary valve across the tricuspid valve and into the right atrial cavity was partially excised. Despite marked improvement postoperatively, she died 33 d after surgery. Postmortem findings were unusual in that the heart represented the sole site of metastasis. The diagnostic approach to cardiac symptoms from malignancy is discussed in relation to this patient.
Dignity at Work: Worker Dignity and Well-Being

In prior chapters, we examined how a range of workplace challenges and opportunities influence resistance, citizenship, and relations among coworkers. These challenges and opportunities include mismanagement and abuse, assembly versus nonassembly work, professional and craft autonomy, and employee participation. In this chapter we present an integrated overview of these influences and explore their combined influence on the dignity and well-being of employees. The experiences of job satisfaction, creativity, and meaning in work will serve as touchstones for evaluating the quest for dignity in the contemporary workplace. The integrated, multivariate models presented in this chapter suggest that the greatest impediment to dignity and to the quality of work life in contemporary organizations is management abuse and disorganization. This impediment is offset by compelling evidence that suggests that workers have a strong and abiding desire to participate meaningfully in work. This desire is manifest through widespread citizenship activities and enthusiasm for a wide range of bilateral involvements in workplace decisions. A Synthesis Our focus in this book is on the quest for dignity and on the creation of a world where dignity at work is possible for all. Working with dignity ultimately requires the right to participate actively in all aspects of work life, through both formal and informal means. Dignity rests on the opportunity to exercise agency – to operate purposively and effectively in one's environment. For this reason we have focused on the active behaviors of resistance, citizenship, and coworker relations.
Single occupancy spectroelectrochemistry of freely diffusing flavin mononucleotide in zero-dimensional nanophotonic structures

Zero-mode waveguides (ZMW) have the potential to be powerful confinement tools for studying electron transfer dynamics at single molecule occupancy conditions. Flavin mononucleotide contains an isoalloxazine chromophore, which is fluorescent in the oxidized state (FMN) while the reduced state (FMNH2) exhibits dramatically lower light emission, i.e. a dark-state. This allows fluorescence emission to report the redox state of single FMN molecules, an observation that has been used previously to study single electron transfer events in surface-immobilized flavins and flavoenzymes, e.g. sarcosine oxidase, by direct wide-field imaging of ZMW arrays. Single molecule electron transfer dynamics have now been extended to the study of freely diffusing molecules using fluorescence measurements of Au ZMWs under single occupancy conditions. The Au in the ZMW serves both as an optical cladding layer and as the working electrode for potential control, thereby accessing single molecule electron transfer dynamics at μM concentrations. Consistent with expectations, the probability of observing single reduced molecules increases as the potential is scanned negative, Eappl Eeq. Different single molecules exhibit different electron transfer properties as reflected in the position of Eeq and the distribution of Eeq among a population of FMN molecules. Two types of actively-controlled electroluminescence experiments were used: chronofluorometry experiments, in which the potential is alternately stepped between oxidizing and reducing potentials, and cyclic potential sweep fluorescence experiments, analogous to cyclic voltammetry, these latter experiments exhibiting a dramatic scan rate dependence with the slowest scan rates showing distinct intermediate states that are stable over a range of potentials. These states are assigned to flavosemiquinone species that are stabilized in the special environment of the ZMW nanopore.
Palaeoanthropology: the coast in colour.

A South African cave overlooking the Indian Ocean was apparently a desirable residence for early humans. The site has provided rich evidence for the early use of colour and marine resources.
On the antipode of a quasitriangular Hopf algebra

Let (A, R) be a quasitriangular Hopf algebra with antipode s in the category of vector spaces over a field k. In this paper we show that s2 is inner, which means s is bijective, and when A is finite-dimensional there is a grouplike element h E A such that s4(a) = h&r-” for all a E A. Suppose that A is any Hopf algebra with antipode s over the field k. Proposition 1 of Section 1 gives a sufficient condition for 3’ to be inner which we apply to quasitriangular Hopf algebras in Section 2. Its statement and proof are based on calculations found in [2, pp. 66671. Generally s2 need not be inner. Suppose that A is finite-dimensional. If s2 were inner, then all ideals of A would be invariant under s2, and hence all subcoalgebras of the dual Hopf algebra A* would be invariant under S*, where S = s* is the antipode of A*. There are examples [5] over algebraically closed lields in which the latter is not the case. Section 2 begins with a discussion of properties of quasit~angular Hopf algebras (A, R) over the held k used in this paper. Write R=CR(‘)C@R(~)EA@A and set u=CS(R’*‘)R(~). The main result of Section 2 is that u is invertible and s2(a) = uau-’ for all a E A. This result was established in [Z, Exercise 7.3.61 under the hypothesis that s is bijective. If A is any finite-dimensional Hopf algebra with antipode s over the field k, there are distinguished grouplike elements g E A and tl E A * which relate left and right integrals and which together describe s4. In Section 3 we consider s4 when (A, R) is a unite-dimensional quasit~angular Hopf algebra. Let h = IIU, where u =C s(R’*‘) R(l) is defined as above and u= s(u) -I. By relating h to g and ~1, we are able to show that h is a grouplike element and that s4(a) = hah-’ for all a E A. When A is unimodular we prove that h =g. Thus the product vu does not depend on R in the unimodular case. We assume that the reader has some familiarity with the elementary aspects of the theory of Hopf algebras. A recommended reference is [6].