cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MODIFIED BODY MASS INDEX IS ASSOCIATED WITH MORTALITY AFTER TREATMENT FOR SEVERE PULMONARY EMBOLISM

Patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) have variable risk for mortality depending on host and disease-related factors. An improved understanding of how frailty status relates to risk for outcomes after treatment for PE is needed. Modified body mass index (mBMI) is an easily measurable proxy for
Complete, Single Shot, Spatiotemporal Measurement of a Terawatt Laser System

A single shot, complete spatiotemporal measurement of the complex electric field E(x, y, z, t) emitted by a high power (> 0.1 TW) laser is demonstrated for the first time. We generate movies of the laser's electric field E(x, y, z, t) before and after the chirped pulse amplification chain and examine the temporal, spectral, and spatial field features.
CONTINUED EASTWARD RANGE EXPANSION OF BLACK PHOEBES (SAYORNIS NIGRICANS) IN SOUTHERNMOST TEXAS

We observed black phoebe (Sayornis nigricans) nests, breeding pairs, and juveniles in Cameron County, Texas, in 2017. Our first confirmed nesting records in Cameron County document a continued eastward range expansion by black phoebes.
Sex differences for phenotype in pathologically defined dementia with Lewy bodies

Introduction Sex differences in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) have been reported in clinically defined cohorts; however, clinical diagnostic accuracy in DLB is suboptimal and phenotypic differences have not been assessed in pathologically confirmed participants. Methods Core DLB features were compared across 55 women and 156 men with pathologically defined DLB in the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center. These analyses were repeated for 55 women and 55 men matched for age, education and tau burden. Results In the total sample, women died older, had fewer years of education, had higher tau burden but were less likely to be diagnosed with dementia and clinical DLB. In the matched sample, visual hallucinations continued to be less common in women, and fewer women met clinical DLB criteria. Discussion Sex impacts clinical manifestations of underlying pathologies in DLB. Despite similar underlying Lewy body pathology, women are less likely to manifest core DLB features and may be clinically underdiagnosed.
Introduction: Terrorist Fiction, Terrorism Studies, and Postcritique

Although the public has turned to Joseph Conrad’s anarchist fiction for insight into terrorism today, literary critics have failed to credit the information he provides. Since he departs from popular conceptions of terrorism, his accounts have been considered unrealistic and reactionary. Social science research in Terrorism Studies and Critical Terrorism Studies, however, corroborates Conrad’s narratives, and the critical movement known as postcritique supplements the suspicious readings of critique with a new interest in the practical uses of literature. Postcritique creates a role for literature as a source of information, ethical lessons, and emotion, as well as a role for social science in literary criticism as a way to assess a text’s realism and accuracy. These perspectives challenge the popular assumption that anarchists, terrorists, and revolutionists are fanatics. They are like most people until they are radicalized, and this process engages the desire to exercise individual agency as well as the desire to be part of a community.
Stuttering: Stigma and perspectives of (dis)ability in organizational communication

Abstract There is a general consensus regarding the essential nature of effective communication in the workplace. However, in practice, there seems to be a narrow and specific definition of communication effectiveness that goes above and beyond the ability to deliver information. This perpetuates stigma surrounding communication disorders such as stuttering, and helps drive negative employment outcomes for those who stutter. In this paper, we develop a model of Stuttering Stigma in Organizational Communication (SSOC) in order to better understand the complexity surrounding communication, stuttering, and stigma. We discuss implications for organizations and strategies for stigma reduction.
Isomeric and Ground State Formation in 197Hg by the 197Au (γ,π-)197 Hg Reaction Near Threshold

In γ,π± reactions near threshold that populate in the product nucleus an isomeric state and a radioactive ground state, the ratio of the cross-sections leading to these two states, or isomer ratio, can yield information about the production mode of the emitted photopions. In such reactions, the isomeric and the ground state may he reached directly when the pion is emitted. However, these states can also be reached indirectly via gamma cascades originating from highly excited states in the product nucleus. If the target nucleus is excited to an energy only little above meson emission threshold, one can expect that the fraction of reactions giving rise to such gamma cascades is smaller than at higher excitation energies of the target nucleus.
Somatic cell selection of mutants resistant to mineral stress

Genotypes with enhanced resistance to mineral stress are particularly amenable to selection in plant cell cultures. Both ion toxicities and nutrient deficiencies have severe effects at the cellular level and can thus be expected to inhibit cells in culture. Many of the mechanisms by which plants adapt to mineral stresses are also of a cellular nature. Indeed, known genotypic differences in resistance to mineral stress have been shown to be expressed in cultured cells in several cases. Thus, it is reasonable to expect that genotypes differing in resistance to mineral stress can be identified and isolated in cultured cells and that their resistance may be expressed in regenerated plants and their progeny. Using a selection medium designed to simulate the mineral environment of acid soils, we have successfully isolated aluminum-resistant mutants from cultured cells of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Viv. A total of 246 aluminum-resistant variants were isolated from non-mutagenized homozygous diploid cell cultures. Resistance was retained in 119 of these variants after each was individually cloned and reselected from single cells. After 6–9 months of growth in the absence of aluminum, resistance was retained in callus cultures of 67 of the reselected variants. Complete plants were regenerated from 40 of these stable aluminum-resistant variants and all transmit aluminum resistance to their seedling progeny (selfed and backcrossed) in segregation ratios expected for a single dominant mutation.
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 mediates the cell density associated induction of the α-fetoprotein gene

Abstract The α-fetoprotein gene (AFP) is highly expressed in proliferating hepatocytes. The relationship between cell density and AFP gene expression was investigated in Hep3B and McA-RH8994 hepatoma cell lines. We found that the expression of the AFP gene was induced when the hepatoma cell number increased. However, the fold induction in cell number did not directly reflect the fold increase in AFP mRNA suggesting the induction was not controlled by cell number exclusively. AFP mRNA was also induced when quiescent hepatoma cells entered into the cell cycle. The induction of the AFP and cyclin genes coincided in both synchronized and non-synchronized hepatoma cells indicating that cell cycle also played a role in AFP gene regulation. To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying AFP gene induction, the expression of the hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 (HNF1) and HNF4 genes, encoding important trans-acting factors for the AFP and HNF1 genes, respectively, were examined. The amount of HNF1 bound to the two HNF1 binding sites located on the AFP gene promoter was enhanced as cell density increased. However, cell density did not change the binding level of HNF4. By transient transfection, the promoter of the AFP gene, containing the two HNF1 binding sites, could be induced when cell number increased. Furthermore, the expression of the albumin gene, another HNF1 target gene, was also regulated by cell density. In contrast, non-HNF1 target genes such as c-myc, c-jun, and β-actin were not affected. Taken together, these data indicate that cell density, cell–cell contact, and cell cycle play important roles in AFP gene regulation. The cell density-associated AFP gene induction is mediated through an increase in post-transcriptional regulation of HNF1.
Hierarchical trajectory generation for a class of nonlinear systems

Trajectory generation and motion planning for nonlinear control systems is an important and difficult problem. In this paper, we provide a constructive method for hierarchical trajectory generation and hierarchical motion planning. The approach is based on the recent notion of /spl Phi/-related control systems. Given a control affine system satisfying certain assumptions, we project the trajectory planning problem onto a /spl Phi/-related control system of smaller dimension. Trajectories designed for the smaller, abstracted system are guaranteed, by construction, to be feasible for the original system. Constructive procedures are provided for refining trajectories of the coarser system to the more detailed system.
On the Automatic Computation of Network Invariants

We study network invariants, abstractions of systems consisting of arbitrary many identical components. In particular, we study a case when an instance of some fixed size serves as an invariant. We study the decidability of the existence of such an invariant, present a procedure that will find it, if one exists, and finally give conditions under which such an invariant does not exist. These conditions can be checked in finite time, and if satisfied, they can be used in further searches for an invariant.
On the chernoff-savage theorem for dependent sequences

Given a sequence of ϕ-mixing random variables not necessarily stationary, a Chernoff-Savage theorem for two-sample linear rank statistics is proved using the Pyke-Shorack [5] approach based on weak convergence properties of empirical processes in an extended metric. This result is a generalization of Fears and Mehra [4] in that the stationarity is not required and that the condition imposed on the mixing numbers is substantially relaxed. A similar result is shown to hold for strong mixing sequences under slightly stronger conditions on the mixing numbers.
Evolving strategies for thrombolytic therapy of peripheral vascular occlusion.

Abbreviations: FDA Food and Drug Administration, PAO peripheral arterial occlusion, rt-PA recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator, SK streptokinase, UK urokinase CHARLES Dotter first described a technique for regional infusion of fibrinolytic agents a quarter century ago. Since then, thrombolytic therapy has become an integral part of the management of patients with acute peripheral vascular occlusive disease in native arteries and bypass grafts, hemodialysis grafts, extremity veins, and other sites. For the last 15 years, urokinase (UK) has been the thrombolytic drug of choice in the United States because of its proven efficacy, excellent safety profile, and low cost compared to most other available agents. The recent removal of UK from the marketplace by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has caused widespread confusion among interventional radiologists faced with performing thrombolytic therapy with use of alternative thrombolytic drugs. The purpose of this article is to review the currently available fibrinolytic agents, explain the withdrawal of UK, examine the published experience with other fibrinolytic agents in peripheral vascular occlusions, and suggest a rational approach to thrombolytic treatment at the beginning of the new century.
Measuring the Sun's Eigenfrequencies from Velocity and Intensity Helioseismic Spectra: Asymmetrical Line Profile-fitting Formula

Solar eigenfrequencies are generally determined by fitting a Lorentzian to the spectral lines in the power spectrum. This assumes that the spectral line is symmetric. Recent observations from the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory have indicated that the power spectra of p-modes show varying amounts of asymmetry. Line asymmetry is an intrinsic property of solar oscillations and depends on the properties of the excitation source and the background noise correlated with the oscillations. Neglecting asymmetry leads to systematic errors in the determination of frequencies and thus affects the results of inversions. In this Letter, we use a simple physical model to derive a new fitting formula that incorporates the effects of asymmetry. It is then tested on artificial and real solar MDI data. A comparison of the results of a symmetric fit with those of an asymmetric one shows that there is a systematic shift in the eigenfrequencies. Our formula will yield more accurate estimates of the solar eigenfrequencies, which is important for improving the accuracy of helioseismic inversions.
Sampling and determination of metal hydrides by solid phase microextraction thermal desorption inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Direct coupling of solid phase microextraction (SPME) with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used for the non-selective determination of arsenic, selenium, antimony and tin species amenable to hydride generation. A thermal desorption interface consisting of a heated glass-lined splitless type GC injector was placed directly at the base of the torch to minimize the length of the transfer-line. The effects of time and concentrations of sodium borohydride and hydrochloric acid on the extraction efficiency were optimized. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and polydimethylsiloxane/Carboxen (PDMS/Carboxen) SPME coatings were compared for the headspace extraction of the hydrides. PDMS/Carboxen showed better extraction capacity and enhanced selectivity for tin hydrides. SPME provided good sensitivity and an approximately 3.5 decade linear response range. Detection limits for As, Se, Sn and Sb using a PDMS/Carboxen fiber were 70, 5300, 8 and 310 pg mL−1, respectively. Method validation using NRCC SLRS-4 (Riverine Water) and CASS-4 (Nearshore Seawater) reference materials showed good agreement between certified and measured values for total arsenic.
Surface modification of TiO2 nanoparticles with bidentate ligands studied by EPR spectroscopy

Abstract The surface of 50 A TiO 2 nanoparticle colloids was modified in order to improve the kinetic and redox characteristics of this semiconductor. The surface was derivatized with different bidentate ligands (thiolactic, β-mercaptopropionic, mercaptoacetic acids, and alanine) and was investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and IR spectroscopies. Infrared spectroscopy suggests that at pH 4 these compounds bind to Ti(IV) surface atoms through the carboxyl group. However, when a thiol group is in the a position with respect to the carboxyl group, surface Ti(IV) atoms become chelated with both the carboxyl and thiol groups resulting in five-membered ring formation. This results in the formation of a charge transfer complex with an optical absorption threshold at 520 nm. Illumination at 77 K of TiO 2 colloids with surface chelated Ti(IV) atoms in the absence of electron scavengers leads to the formation of the carboxyl cation radical (trapped holes) and three distinct Ti(III) centers (trapped electrons) at 4.2 K. When the temperature is increased, the hole moves to the CH 3 group, which is the farthest from the colloid surface. In the presence of electron accepting species (Pb 2+ , Cd 2+ ) the signal for the trapped electron disappears at 250 K indicating electron transfer to the accepting species.
Effects of culture conditions on estrogen-mediated hepatic in vitro gene expression and correlation to in vivo responses.

Abstract Refinement of in vitro systems for predictive toxicology is important in order to develop high-throughput early toxicity screening assays and to minimize animal testing studies. This study assesses the ability of mouse Hepa-1c1c7 hepatoma cell model under differing culture conditions to predict in vivo estrogen-induced hepatic gene expression changes. Custom mouse cDNA microarrays were used to compare Hepa-1c1c7 temporal gene expression profiles treated with 10 nM 17β-estradiol (E2) in serum-free and charcoal-stripped serum supplemented media at 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h. Stripped serum supplemented media increased the number gene expression changes and overall responsiveness likely due to the presence of serum factors supporting proliferation and mitochondrial activity. Data from both experiments were compared to a gene expression time course study examining the hepatic effects of 100 μg/kg 17α-ethynyl estradiol (EE) in C57BL/6 mice at 2, 4, 8, 12, 18, and 24 h. Only 18 genes overlapped between the serum-free and in vivo studies, whereas 238 genes were in common between Hepa-1c1c7 cells in stripped serum data and C57BL/6 liver samples. Stripped serum cultured cells exhibited E2-elicited gene expression changes associated with proliferation, cytoskeletal re-organization, cholesterol uptake and synthesis, increased fatty acid β-oxidation, and oxidative stress, which correlated with in vivo hepatic responses. These results demonstrate that E2 treatment of Hepa-1c1c7 cells in serum supplemented media modulate responses in selected pathways which appropriately model estrogen-elicited in vivo hepatic responses.
Sweat gland carcinoma with hypercalcemia

A case is presented in which a large recurrent malignant tumor of the thigh of probable sweat gland origin is associated with hypercalcemia. The tumor invaded the periosteum of the pubis. Hypercalcemia subsided following hemipelvectomy and the patient has remained asymptomatic since 1977.
Refolding and proton pumping activity of a polyethylene glycol‐bacteriorhodopsin water‐soluble conjugate

Bacteriorhodopsin (BR), from the purple membrane (PM) of Halobacterium halobium, was chemically modified with methoxypolyethylene glycol (m-PEG; molecular weight = 5,000 Da) succinimidyl carbonate. The polyethylene glycol-bacteriorhodopsin (m-PEG-SC-BR33) conjugate, containing one polyethylene glycol chain, was water soluble. The secondary structure of the conjugate in water appeared partially denatured, but was shown to contain alpha-helical segments by circular dichroism spectroscopy. The isolated bacteriorhodopsin conjugate, with added retinal, was refolded in a mixed detergent-lipid micelle and had an absorption maximum at 555 nm. The refolded conjugate was transferred into vesicles that pumped protons, upon illumination, as efficiently as did native BR. Modification of the PM with m-PEG did not alter the native structure or inhibit proton pumping, and therefore it is suggested that the glycol polymer is present as a moiety covalently linked to residues unnecessary for proton pumping and proper folding. The site of attachment of m-PEG was determined to be at either Lys 129 or Lys 159, with position Lys 129 the most probable site of attachment. The m-PEG-SC-BR33 could be stepwise refolded to the native conformation by the addition of trifluoroethanol to lower the dielectric constant, simulating the insertion of the BR into the phospholipid bilayer.
Wholemount histofluorescence of catecholamine-containing neurones in a hemipteran brain

Abstract Whole brains from Rhodnius prolixus treated with glyoxylic acid display catecholamine histofluorescence in eleven bilaterally distributed clusters of neurones, and in three circumscribed neuropile regions. This simple method offers resolution of some features not detected in studies on sectioned insect tissue; cephalic neurosecretory cells in chronically starved animals are histofluorescent and diverse catecholamine-handling fibres converge within the brain of this insect.
S -matrix and R -matrix determination of the low-energy 5 He and 5 Li resonance parameters

We study the low-energy ${3/2}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and ${1/2}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ states of ${}^{5}$He and ${}^{5}$Li in a microscopic cluster model. The scattering phase shifts of Bond $(\ensuremath{\alpha}+n)$ and of Schwandt $(\ensuremath{\alpha}+p)$, respectively, are well reproduced. We determine the resonance parameters by localizing the poles of the analytically continued $S$ matrix at complex energies. Our results differ from conventional $R$-matrix resonance parameters, that were extracted from experimental data using the definition of a resonance based on the positions and widths of reaction cross section peaks. However, they nicely agree with the results of an extended $R$-matrix method that works at complex energies.
The simultaneous estimation of right and left ventricular outputs applied to a study of the bronchial circulation in patients with chronic lung disease

Abstract A method of estimating the difference between the outputs of the two ventricles, using radioactive iodinated serum albumin in a dilution technique of simultaneous right and left ventricular output determinations, has been applied to 13 patients. The difference in the outputs between the left and right ventricles constitutes an indirect estimate of bronchial arterial flow returning to the left side of the heart through the pulmonary veins. In 3 out of 5 patients who had no lung disease a mean difference of 1.5 per cent between the two outputs was found. One of the 5 had no difference, and one had a larger right ventricular output. In 4 patients with finger-clubbing and bronchiectasis the mean difference observed was 17.9 per cent. In the last group of 4 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, a mean difference of 8.1 per cent was found.
A joint venture—one view: innovation and behavior change through collaboration with a school staff☆

Abstract Three innovative trends in education are described as contributing most significantly to the demands for change in the school psychologist's role: an emerging behavior change technology, the applications of a systems approach in evaluation, and the increasing movement toward individualized instruction. How a training institution can both improve its own program and its particular contributions to a school district's guidance effort is discussed in the context of the Learning and Behavior Lab Project. Begun as a joint ESEA Title VI proposal, the collaboration between the Santa Clara Unified School District and the Psychology Department of San Jose State College has provided an updated training program for both in-service and pre-service personnel in the area of special education. Several positive outcomes in the increased competencies of staff have accrued from this collaboration, and, in addition, significant inroads have been made in developing a climate of research and experimentation among participating school staffs.
Dosimetric properties of photon beams from a flattening filter free clinical accelerator

Basic dosimetric properties of 6 MV and 18 MV photon beams from a Varian Clinac 21EX accelerator operating without the flattening filter have been measured. These include dose rate data, depth dose dependencies and lateral profiles in a water phantom, total scatter factors and transmission factors of a multileaf collimator. The data are reviewed and compared with measurements for the flattened beams. The unflattened beams have the following: a higher dose rate by factors of 2.3 (6 MV) and 5.5 (18 MV) on the central axis; lower out-of-field dose due to reduced head scatter and softer spectra; less variation of the total scatter factor with field size; and less variation of the shape of lateral dose profiles with depth. The findings suggest that with a flattening filter free accelerator better radiation treatments can be developed, with shorter delivery times and lower doses to normal tissues and organs.
Plasma Injection Processes

A. Schmidt surmised in 1924 that geomagnetic storms caused the build up of an external ring current. Ever since, there have been speculations about the nature of the responsible mechanisms. Direct observations of plasma injection into closed field line regions of the Earth's magnetosphere have sparked renewed interest in the associated physical processes. Most of the early models of plasma injection involved the formation of large scale electric fields that were constrained to be perpendicular to the magnetic field and to be derivable from a potential. Electric fields of this character clearly play an important role, but both data and theory now indicate that parallel electric field components, inductive electric fields, and electric fields associated with waves also play important roles. These particle injection processes are closely related to those responsible for the acceleration of particles into the auroral ionosphere. Attempts at modelling the time dependent magnetic and electric fields to help understand these processes have met with difficulties that highlight the need for multi-spacecraft measurements in the 6 the 12 Re region of the magnetotail.
Techniques for pipelined broadcast on ethernet switched clusters

By splitting a large broadcast message into segments and broadcasting the segments in a pipelined fashion, pipelined broadcast can achieve high performance in many systems. In this paper, we investigate techniques for efficient pipelined broadcast on clusters connected by multiple Ethernet switches. Specifically, we develop algorithms for computing various contention-free broadcast trees that are suitable for pipelined broadcast on Ethernet switched clusters, extend the parametrized LogP model for predicting appropriate segment sizes for pipelined broadcast, show that the segment sizes computed based on the model yield high performance, and evaluate various pipelined broadcast schemes through experimentation on Ethernet switched clusters with various topologies. The results demonstrate that our techniques are practical and efficient for contemporary fast Ethernet and Giga-bit Ethernet clusters.
Removal of gas chromatographable organic compounds from water by a spray vaporization technique

A variation of inert gas stripping, called spray vaporization, has been developed which is simple, produces 600 ml/h of water, and leads to a significant reduction in the concentration of most gas chromatographable organic compounds. Water is atomized into a high-velocity gas stream using a common nebulizer; the fine water mist produced is impacted on a glass surface, where it condenses and drains into a reservoir.
Should the presence of carcinogens in breast milk discourage breast feeding

Pollutant chemicals are commonly found in human milk at levels that would prevent its sale as a commercial food for infants. The chemicals found most commonly are dichlorodiphenyl-dichloroethene, polychlorinated biphenyls, dieldrin, chlordane, heptachlor, and polychlorinated dibenzodioxins. In general, the regulatory levels for these chemicals have been set to prevent cancer in adult humans from lifetime exposure. We compared lives saved in the postneonatal period by breast feeding to the estimated excess cancer deaths attributable to the contaminants in breast milk. The results of this analysis suggest that only extreme levels of contaminants in breast milk represent more of a hazard than failure to breast feed, but clinical considerations in individual cases might override this conclusion. Our analysis depends on assumptions about how the chemicals might cause cancer in humans and on whether breast feeding prevents some postneonatal mortality. Noncarcinogenic hazards from chemical exposure, other hazards from breast feeding such as transmission of viruses, and benefits of breast feeding other than reduction in mortality were not considered.
An analysis (meta- and otherwise) of multinational transfer pricing research

Abstract Existing research does not fully explain the relationships between environmental and organizational factors, and transfer pricing method choice by multinational corporations. Traditional narrative and meta-analytic reviews of twenty-one studies are presented in an attempt to integrate contradictory and/or non-reinforcing results of prior studies and draw conclusions as to their overall importance. The attempt at meta-analysis was marginally successful, at best. While many studies exist, few are consistent in reporting findings in terms of variables studied, statistical tests used, and data reported. Only two factors were consistently reported with enough data for a meta-analysis (size and industry). More research needs to be done on multinational transfer pricing method choice that includes rigorous statistical analyses of the data. Future research must also be extended to consider financial factors, in addition to the non-financial factors already studied. Suggestions are given for extending the scope and depth of research to allow for an integration and/or synthesis of future transfer pricing research.
Hosting mega-events: A guide to the evaluation of development effects in integrated metropolitan regions

Each time a city or region seeks to host a mega-event such as the Olympic Games, boosters proclaim vast benefits related to increased tourism and wealth flowing into the area. While benefits can exist in some form or another, the net gain for a region seeking to bolster its economic standing is often overstated. This is especially true for highly integrated regions when a center city is the sole entity making the event investment. Much of this results from a collection of erroneous assumptions and a failure to account for the integration of economic activity within a region. We address common issues with these reports and provide a guide for evaluating the net benefit of hosting an event. More specifically, we argue with detailed examples that industry share and commute shed analysis are indispensable tools when evaluating capture rates of new spending within the boundaries of the investment area.
Positive affect improves creative problem solving and influences reported source of practice satisfaction in physicians

A study investigated whether creative problem solving and reported sources of satisfaction from the practice of medicine are influenced by the induction of positive affect among physicians. Physicians randomly assigned to the positive affect group received a small package of candy. The control group received no treatment. The affect group scored better on the creativity measure than did the control group, (p=0.028, one-tailed). Regarding practice satisfaction, all physicians perceived humanism as more important than extrinsic motivation as a source of satisfaction from the practice of medicine (p<0.001). However, a significant interaction between affect and source of satisfaction revealed that the affect group attributed more relative importance to humanism and less relative importance to extrinsic motivation compared with the control group (p=0.04). In contrast, physicians in a third condition, in which they read phrases reflective of the humanistic satisfactions from medicine, did not differ from the control group in the creativity test or in the practice-satisfaction questionnaire. We conclude that induction of positive affect among physicians can improve their creative problem solving and can influence the sources of practice satisfaction they report.
The effect of diphenylhydantoin (Dilantin) and quinidine on left ventricular function in dogs.

Abstract The effect of Dilantin upon left ventricular performance was investigated in an open-chest dog preparation and compared to that of quinidine under identical conditions. An initial intravenous injection of Dilantin produced a transient negative inotropic effect upon the left ventricle. The magnitude of the negative inotropic effect was similar following comparable dose levels of quinidine base, but the duration of the effect was more transient after Dilantin. The maximal negative inotropic effect following a second Dilantin injection was greater than that following an initial injection. After the second injection of quinidine, however, the degree of myocardial depression was similar to that following the initial injection. Again, the duration of the effect after Dilantin was more transient than after quinidine. The results with Dilantin are in keeping with the fact that most potent antiarrhythmic agents depress ventricular function. Insofar as such data may be applied to clinical situations, one must weigh the harmful transient negative inotropic effect of Dilantin against its beneficial antiarrhythmic property.
Marsilius of Padua and the Henrician Reformation

Judged by any standard, Marsilius (Marsiglio, 1270-1343) of Padua represented one of the most strikingly innovative thinkers in the history of Christian thought. Because he was one of the pioneers in the struggle for an uncontested erastianism and because of his forthright condemnation of the papacy, it was inevitable that his epitaph would be shrouded in controversy. A movement that clearly evidenced a positive dependence on Marsilius' thought was the Henrician Reformation. Although many students of the Henrician Reformation (notably A. G. Dickens) have recognized the figure of Marsilius looming in the background, none have delineated the precise relationship of his thought to the English Reformation.1 Contrary to prevailing assumptions, Marsilius, not Machiavelli, Wycliff, Erasmus or Tyndale furnished the prevailing ideological framework within which the Henrician Reformation was justified. By 1530 all of the elements needed for a reformation in England were ominously falling into place. Strong lower class sentiments against papal tithes were everywhere combined with a rising middle class opposition to clerical interference. Within the English church there was a vibrant strain of nationalism waiting to be cultivated. All this ill feeling needed only a man and an event to focus it, and England would have a reformation. Henry VIII was the man; and an unfortunate series of miscarriages and a frustrated romance provided the event. Desperate for a male heir, Henry earnestly sought for an avenue of escape from his unsuccessful marriage to Catherine. The failure of Thomas Wolsey to secure a divorce so dissatisfied Henry that in 1529 Wolsey was removed from Henry's service. Following Wolsey's downfall, the cardinal's legal advisor, Thomas Cromwell, feared the worst. Through some adroit maneuvering, Cromwell managed to avoid the sting of Henry's distemper and become the man primarily responsible for administering the English Reformation and providing Henry's avenue of escape.2
Drivability of Glass FRP Composite Piling

The low impedance of some glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite piles may limit their usefulness as bearing piles for structures due to drivability limitations. The high strength of glass fibers used in their manufacture makes the necessary pile cross-sectional area similar to that of a comparable steel pipe pile, while the compression wave velocity and mass density are much closer to that of concrete. This results in a very low impedance and limits the ability of the GFRP piles to be driven to high bearing capacities. A comparison of the drivability of four composite piles to conventional steel and concrete piles shows that all of the piles reviewed can be reasonably expected to attain design bearing capacities of 400 kN (90 kips), but that the extremely low impedance of glass fiber-reinforced matrix composite piles limits the ultimate capacity that can be achieved through impact driving.
Cyclophosphamide for lupus during pregnancy

Severe systemic lupus erythematosus often requires the use of cyclophosphamide in women of reproductive age. As cyclophosphamide is generally avoided during pregnancy because of its teratogenic risk, its impact on fetal survival is poorly understood. This is a case series of lupus patients exposed to cyclophosphamide during pregnancy. We reviewed pregnancies in patients with lupus seen at a large university hospital between October 1986 and September 2003. The pregnancies were evaluated prospectively for cyclophosphamide exposure, lupus activity, and fetal outcome. Comparison was made between pregnancies with severe lupus requiring cyclophosphamide and those that did not. We identified four pregnancies with cyclophosphamide exposure. Two pregnancies were inadvertently exposed to cyclophosphamide early in the first trimester; both resulted in first trimester miscarriages. Two patients were administered cyclophosphamide for severe lupus nephritis and thrombocytopenia during the second trimester. Soon after the administration of cyclophosphamide, both pregnancies ended with fetal demise. Pregnancies exposed to cyclophosphamide for severe lupus flare resulted in a higher rate of fetal losses than pregnancies with severe lupus but not requiring the drug (100% versus 31.25%). In conclusion we present four pregnancies exposed to cyclphosphamide, each ending with pregnancy loss. Based on our experience, the survival of the fetus is strongly in doubt when cyclophosphamide is required to treat lupus in the mother.
The psychologist and the bombardier: The Army Air Forces’ aircrew classification program in WWII

During World War II, psychologists in the Army Air Forces were given an unprecedented opportunity to showcase their discipline by developing examinations to test the aptitude of aviation cadets as pilots, navigators, or bombardiers. These psychologists enjoyed success in classifying pilots and navigators, but became quickly frustrated by their results for bombardiers. The trouble lay not in their choice of tests but in their performance measures for bombardiering, a difficulty that came to be known as 'the problem of the criterion.' This episode in the history of military mental testing exemplifies the challenges faced by psychologists at the moment they were poised to gain the support of the armed services, and highlights how these new hazards shaped postwar military psychology.
Reply to Michael Taussig

Remise en cause de l'interpretation de M.T. des referents conceptuels (marxistes) et de leur utilisation dans le cadre d'une anthropologie historique de l'objectivation capitaliste du monde que proposent ces auteurs
Case Report: Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Boari Flap Ureteral Reimplantation

Creation of a Boari flap is an option for ureteral reimplantation with high transection or stricture of the ureter. The benefits of laparoscopic surgery include decreased blood loss, quicker recovery time, and improved cosmesis. Robot-assisted surgery offers intraoperative advantages, including three-dimensional visualization with magnification and wristed movements with additional degrees of freedom. A 75-year-old woman with a persistent ureteral stricture opted for robot-assisted surgery for definitive management. To optimize the repair with least tension, creation of a Boari flap was chosen intraoperatively. Surgery and recovery were uncomplicated. Robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery can be safely used for Boari flap ureteral reimplantation.
Sociology of Humor and a Critical Dramaturgy

Goffman's analytic framework can provide tools useful for a critical theory of modern society. While commentators have remarked on Goffman's apparent technical neutrality, a sociology of humor can help reveal his critical thrust. Using a latent content analysis, we demonstrate how several frames found in Jerry Seinfeld's humor are both dramaturgical and covertly critical. We use these themes to illuminate the critical analyses of modern social life provided by Goffman's method.
Quantitation of platelet deposition on human arteries: assessment of the disparity between results obtained with 111indium (111In)-labelling versus scanning electron microscopy.

Abstract Quantitation techniques for measuring platelet deposition (PD) to vessel surfaces are important to an understanding of thrombogenesis. In previous studies, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been shown to indicate a lower extent of PD than platelet 111 In-scintigraphy. Part of this disparity may be explained by nonspecific binding of 111 In to the vessel surface during perfusion, or loss of adherent 111 In-labelled platelets by lysis or dissociation from the surface during specimen preparation for SEM. To assess whether these independent processes occur, we used a previously described human placental artery (HPA) perfusion model to quantify vessel 111 In retention. Of the total 111 In that bound to the vessel surface during perfusion, 77 ± 42% (N=9) was platelet associated 111 In ( 111 In-labelled platelets) and 23 ± 19% (N=9) was non-platelet associated 111 In (nonspecific binding). After specimen fixation, 67 ± 32% (N=9) of the initial total surface 111 In remained. This decrease is due to dissociation of both adherent 111 In-labelled platelets, and non-platelet associated 111 In. After fixation, 57 ± 34% (N=9) of the initial total surface 111 In remained as 111 In-labelled platelets and 10 ± 13% (N=9) remained as non-platelet associated 111 In. Fixation caused no measurable lysis of platelets. These data suggest that PD may be overestimated by 111 In-scintigraphy because of nonspecific binding of 111 In and underestimated by SEM because of dissociation of adherent platelets during specimen preparation for SEM.
An infrared study of carbon-oxygen bonding in magnesite to 60 GPa

Infrared spectra of magnesite, MgCO 3 , have been measured in the diamond anvil cell from 0 to 60 GPa at 300 K. Mode shifts were determined for the in-plane bend, the asymmetric-stretch, and the out-of-plane bend of the carbonate group, as well as a magnesium ion translational mode. The in-plane bend shows a small positive shift and ultimately merges with the out-of-plane bend, exhibiting an accidental degeneracy by 60 GPa. The asymmetric stretch exhibits highly nonlinear behavior, shifting monotonically to pressures of ~30 GPa, at which point its shift markedly decreases to ~50 GPa. At 50 GPa, it again shifts strongly with pressure. We calculate force constants for the carbonate group under pressure from our data, and correlate these with the C-O bond length. Our data are consistent with a slight lengthening (~0.01 A) of the C-O bond between 30 and 50 GPa to a maximum bond distance of ~1.27 A. Although our finding of bond lengthening is in general agreement with previously published Rietveld refinements of X-ray diffraction data for magnesite under pressure, our data indicate that the lengthening is likely substantially smaller than previously proposed. The expansion of the C-O bond in magnesite can be produced by rotations of the MgO 6 octahedra, and such non-ionic crystal-chemical effects may be a key contributor to the remarkable stability of R 3 c -structured carbonates to very high pressures.
Antisense Inhibition of Group VI Ca2+-independent Phospholipase A2 Blocks Phospholipid Fatty Acid Remodeling in Murine P388D1 Macrophages

A major issue in lipid signaling relates to the role of particular phospholipase A2 isoforms in mediating receptor-triggered responses. This has been difficult to study because of the lack of isoform-specific inhibitors. Based on the use of the Group VI Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2) inhibitor bromoenol lactone (BEL), we previously suggested a role for the iPLA2 in mediating phospholipid fatty acid turnover (Balsinde, J., Bianco, I. D., Ackermann, E. J., Conde-Frieboes, K., and Dennis, E. A. (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 92: 8527–8531). We have now further evaluated the role of the iPLA2 in phospholipid remodeling by using antisense RNA technology. We show herein that inhibition of iPLA2 expression by a specific antisense oligonucleotide decreases both the steady-state levels of lysophosphatidylcholine and the capacity of the cell to incorporate arachidonic acid into membrane phospholipids. These effects correlate with a decrease in both iPLA2 activity and protein in the antisense-treated cells. Collectively these data provide further evidence that the iPLA2 plays a major role in regulating phospholipid fatty acyl turnover in P388D1 macrophages. In stark contrast, experiments with activated cells confirmed that the iPLA2 does not play a significant role in receptor-coupled arachidonate mobilization in these cells, as manifested by the lack of an effect of the iPLA2antisense oligonucleotide on PAF-stimulated arachidonate release.
Predischarge exercise radionuclide angiography in predicting multivessel coronary artery disease and subsequent cardiac events after thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction

The value of exercise testing in postinfarction patients receiving thrombolytic therapy has not been established. Ninety-four patients treated acutely with thrombolytic therapy without angioplasty who underwent exercise radionuclide angiography and coronary angiography before hospital discharge were studied. Thirty patients underwent early revascularization, often for multivessel disease. During a median follow-up period of 3.5 years, only 5 patients had "hard" events (cardiac death, cardiac arrest, or myocardial infarction) and 5 other patients underwent late (> 90 days) revascularization. The results of radionuclide angiography did not predict multivessel disease. Peak exercise ejection fraction was the only significant (p = 0.003) independent predictor of events. Among the 65 patients with a peak exercise ejection fraction > or = 40%, the 3-year hard and "combined" event-free survival were 98% and 91%, respectively. Among the 29 patients with a peak exercise ejection fraction < 40%, the 3-year hard and combined event-free survival were 74% and 69%, respectively. Postinfarction patients treated with thrombolytic therapy, who often underwent early revascularization, had an excellent prognosis through 3.5 years of follow-up. Although exercise radionuclide angiography had little value for identifying multivessel disease, a reduced peak exercise ejection fraction was associated with subsequent events.
Theory of a condensed charged Bose, charged Fermi gas

Abstract Field-theoretic methods are used to derive the low-temperature properties of a dense, neutral gas of condensed charged (+Ze) bosons (mass M) and degenerate charged (−e) fermions (mass m). The density-density correlation function exhibits two collective modes for m ⪡ M: a plasmon branch and a phonon branch with speed c = V F ( Zm 3M ) 1 2 . Boson single-particle excitations are gapless and coincide with the phonon mode at low k. Inclusion of the two interacting dynamical components leads to small shifts in the boson and fermion ground-state energy and boson depletion relative to the values obtained for models with rigid, inert, neutralizing backgrounds.
Intra- and interspecific transmission of androgenetic competence in diploid potato species

In an attempt to determine the transmission of androgenetic competence, 10 families resulting from intra- and interspecific hybrids including three reciprocal hybrids were examined in anther culture. Hybrid families were generated between competent clones of Solanum phureja and incompetent clones of S. phureja, S. microdontum and S. berthaultii. S. phureja clones PP5 and A95 (derived by androgenesis of a 2n microspore of PP5) were found to be consistently competent for androgenesis. Androgenetic competence was observed to segregate in all hybrid families with some highly responsive and some unresponsive genotypes in all families. A total of 9,465 cultured anthers have yielded 936 embryoids and 91 plants, including 29 monoploids. The cytoplasm of species lacking competence appeared to have greater influence on the expression of androgenesis in intraspecific than in interspecific hybrids. Expression of androgenesis varied among half-sib hybrid families indicating that competence for androgenesis was influenced by the parents lacking competence. The anther culture data on a backcross between a highly responsive hybrid and its unresponsive parent indicated that competence may be under control of a single dominant gene.
Long-term influence of vacuum and thermal environment on the thermal resistance across filled, bolted joints.

Vacuum and thermal environment long term influence on thermal resistance for Mg to aluminum and Mg to Mg bolted joints