cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy Decreases Rat CYP1A2 Activity and Expression

Pregnancy results in increased CYP3A- and CYP2D6-mediated clearance but decreases the clearance of CYP1A2 probe drugs. The aim of this study was to determine whether the decreased CYP1A2 activity during human pregnancy could be explained by decreased expression of CYP1A2 protein and mRNA using the rat as a model. Potential mechanisms leading to decreased CYP1A2 activity and expression were also investigated. Hepatic CYP1A2 activity, protein, and mRNA were measured during mid- and late gestation and compared to nonpregnant control levels. In addition, the effect of 17-β-estradiol and progesterone on CYP1A2 mRNA levels was assessed using rat hepatocytes, and the effect of estrogens or progesterone on CYP1A2 activity in vitro was tested. CYP1A2-mediated probe clearance decreased between 48 and 62% (p < 0.05) during pregnancy, with no difference in CYP1A2 activity between mid- and late pregnancy. This decrease in probe clearance was accompanied by a 33 ± 8% (midpregnancy) and 29 ± 27% (late pregnancy) decrease in CYP1A2 protein expression (p < 0.05) and a 53% decline in methoxyresorufin O-demethylation V(max) (p < 0.05). CYP1A2 mRNA was not significantly different from controls at midpregnancy and decreased by 27 ± 20% (p < 0.05) of control during late pregnancy. Estradiol and progesterone had no effect on CYP1A2 mRNA in rat hepatocytes and did not inhibit CYP1A2 activity. These data demonstrate that pregnancy decreases CYP1A2 activity and expression with a modest effect on CYP1A2 mRNA and suggest that the rat can be used as a model to study mechanisms by which pregnancy decreases CYP1A2 activity in humans.
A family of mixed-valent tridecanuclear clusters, and their magnetostructural correlation

Abstract Three tridecanuclear Mn complexes [Mn13O8(OH)6(ndc)6] · 8DMF · H2O (1), [Mn13O8(EtO)5.5(OH)0.5(ndc)6] · 6MeCN · 2H2O (2), and [Mn13O8(EtO)6(O2CPh)12] · 7H2O (3) (ndc2− = 1,8-naphthalenedicarboxylate) are reported. Complexes 1–3 possess a central core comprised of three layers: The middle layer is a central MnIV atom surrounded by a planar ring of six MnII atoms, and above and below this are two MnIII3 triangular units. Complexes 1 and 2 represent the first use of ndc2− in manganese chemistry. All three complexes are mixed-valent Mn IV Mn 6 III Mn 6 II . Complex 1 was found to have a ground state spin of S = 9/2, whereas 2 and 3 have S = 11/2 despite the nearly isostructural core of the three compounds. A magnetostructural correlation has shown that small structural perturbations can considerably change the magnetic properties of these clusters.
Exploring the “Lone Wolf” Phenomenon in Student Teams

The proliferation of projects using student teams has motivated researchers to examine factors that affect both team process and outcomes. This research introduces an individual difference variable found in the business environment that has not been examined in a classroom context. The lone wolf appears to play a role in how teams function and perform. Described by practitioners and academics, the lone wolf is identified by a preference to work alone, a dislike of group process and the ideas of others, and a proclivity to see others as less capable and effective. This study finds the lone wolf phenomenon among marketing students working in teams through self-ratings and the assessments of team members. Furthermore, the inclusion of lone wolves on teams is found to have a negative impact on student team performance. Implications of these findings and ideas for managing the team process when lone wolves are present are considered.
Oxide-confined 850 nm vertical-cavity lasers for multimode-fibre data communications

Continuous-wave performance characteristics for 850 nm vertical-cavity lasers exploiting M-oxide confinement are investigated for application to multimode fibre data links. Threshold currents as low as 193 /spl mu/A are measured for devices with 5 /spl mu/m apertures. Wallplug efficiencies exceeding 30%, are measured for the first time in 850 nm VCSELs, at output powers of a few milliwatts most relevant for data link applications. Lasing spectra indicate enhanced multimode output even at very low drive currents.
Cell type–specific abundance of 4EBP1 primes prostate cancer sensitivity or resistance to PI3K pathway inhibitors

Pharmacological inhibitors against the PI3K-AKT-mTOR (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-AKT-mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway, a frequently deregulated signaling pathway in cancer, are clinically promising, but the development of drug resistance is a major limitation. We found that 4EBP1, the central inhibitor of cap-dependent translation, was a critical regulator of both prostate cancer initiation and maintenance downstream of mTOR signaling in a genetic mouse model. 4EBP1 abundance was distinctly different between the epithelial cell types of the normal prostate. Of tumor-prone prostate epithelial cell types, luminal epithelial cells exhibited the highest transcript and protein abundance of 4EBP1 and the lowest protein synthesis rates, which mediated resistance to both pharmacologic and genetic inhibition of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway. Decreasing total 4EBP1 abundance reversed resistance in drug-insensitive cells. Increased 4EBP1 abundance was a common feature in prostate cancer patients who had been treated with the PI3K pathway inhibitor BKM120; thus, 4EBP1 may be associated with drug resistance in human tumors. Our findings reveal a molecular program controlling cell type-specific 4EBP1 abundance coupled to the regulation of global protein synthesis rates that renders each epithelial cell type of the prostate uniquely sensitive or resistant to inhibitors of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway.
Re-Envisioning Macro Social Work Practice

This article presents 10 recommendations supporting a re-envisioning of macro practice for the 21st century. These strategies are needed to counter a generational trend of disinvestment in macro social work practice and to support the historic vision of the social work profession as equally responsive to the needs of at-risk, disadvantaged populations and the organizational, community, and policy roots of social injustice. Before describing these recommendations and discussing their implications for the social work profession, I first briefly review the challenges facing macro practice and current initiatives promoting its renewal. The goal of this analysis is to define the essential contributions of macro practice while identifying strategies for responding to current dilemmas facing the social work profession.
A Perspective on Nitrogen in Silicon

This is the first symposium to explicitly include nitrogen in discussions on nondopant light impurities in Si. Ordering of the impurity listing (oxygen, carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen) deserves examination. It is obvious that the impurities are not listed alphabetically nor are they listed in the order they appear in the periodic table. Presumably the ordering does not simply reflect a bias of the organizing chairmen. The impurities are, in fact, listed in an order of recognition on a chronological scale of their importance in Si technology. Equilibrium solid solubility for the different impurities, as well as concentrations of the impurities in the processing environment, probably determined the chronology. Based upon published literature, the importance of oxygen was recognized in the mid 50's, carbon in the mid 60's and hydrogen in the mid 70's. Now in the mid 80's nitrogen is receiving increased attention as an impurity in Si.
A Situation-aware Flight Control System Design using Real-time Model Predictive Control for Unmanned Autonomous Helicopters

We present a hierarchical flight control system with a situation-aware capability using the model-predictive control (MPC) approach. The optimization process computes the optimal control input sequence over a finite horizon for a conflict-free trajectory with an explicit consideration on the vehicle’s maneuverability and the behavioral constraints such as obstacle avoidance. The obtained trajectory and control input pair is sent to a two degreeof-freedom control loop, which can be chosen to run in feedforward, feedback, or both. The MPC module also serves as a safeguard interface between the vehicle control and the highlevel path generator, which may request a waypoint sequence not plausible with the kinodynamic constraints of the servoing vehicle. The proposed algorithm is integrated into the Berkeley UAV flight control software. The behavior of the overall software is examined for reliable and accurate in-flight operations with emphasis on the execution time and process synchronization. The implemented approach was applied to a complex flight scenario involving itinerary changes on-the-fly tested successfully in a series of flights.
Effect of the ethyl ester and sodium salt of alpha-p-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid on cholesterol oxidation by rat liver mitochondria.

SummaryMitochondrial preparations from livers of rats fed 0.3% ethyl α-p-chlorophenoxyisobutyrate (CPIB) show an increased capacity to oxidize cholesterol-26-14C to 14CO2. When oxidation is calculated per milligram of mitochondrial nitrogen, oxidation of cholesterol by mitochondria from CPIB-fed rats is the same as that observed in normal rat liver mitochondria. In the absence of the boiled supernatant cofactor (cytosol) the mitochondria from CPIB-treated rats show a significantly higher capacity for cholesterol oxidation than do normal mitochondrial preparations. Mitochondria prepared from livers of rats fed sodium α-p-chlorophenoxyisobutyrate also oxidize more cholesterol than do control preparations. Fasting of the rats for 18 hr prior to mitochondrial preparation does not affect the extent of oxidation either in the presence or absence of cytosol. Mitochondrial preparations from CPIB-fed mice also oxidize more cholesterol than do controls. Studies of mitochondrial acid phosphatase and β-glucuronidase ...
"Psychological Safety, Learning, and Performance: A Comparison of Direct and Contingent Effects"

In working to understand the predictors of experiential learning in teams, researchers have focused on one variable more than any other – psychological safety, or a shared belief that team members ...
Development of an Educational Small-Scale Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Setup

In this paper, the development of an educational small-scale hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) system is discussed. It consists of all the key components of a real HEV that have been scaled down to provide an ideal test platform to evaluate and study hybrid powertrains. The overall configuration is designed to allow the scaled vehicle to emulate the behavior of a series, parallel, or series-parallel HEV, as well as all-electric operation with minor modifications to the powertrain. The developed test bench not only facilitates hands-on experience but can be considered a safe and affordable solution to providing practical aspects of education in the field of electric and hybrid vehicle technology. Considering the potential of such clean transportation alternatives and their continuous growth, the learning experience obtained using the developed test bench will prove invaluable in preparing next generation professionals for further advancement of this field.
Aire Enforces Immune Tolerance by Directing Autoreactive T Cells into the Regulatory T Cell Lineage

The promiscuous expression of tissue-restricted antigens in the thymus, driven in part by autoimmune regulator (Aire), is critical for the protection of peripheral tissues from autoimmune attack. Aire-dependent processes are thought to promote both clonal deletion and the development of Foxp3(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells, suggesting that autoimmunity associated with Aire deficiency results from two failed tolerance mechanisms. Here, examination of autoimmune lesions in Aire(-/-) mice revealed an unexpected third possibility. We found that the predominant conventional T cell clonotypes infiltrating target lesions express antigen receptors that were preferentially expressed by Foxp3(+) Treg cells in Aire(+/+) mice. Thus, Aire enforces immune tolerance by ensuring that distinct autoreactive T cell specificities differentiate into the Treg cell lineage; dysregulation of this process results in the diversion of Treg cell-biased clonotypes into pathogenic conventional T cells.
A Critical Examination of Broker Minimum Service Laws

This paper examines state real estate broker minimum service laws. The United States government has stated that laws requiring brokers to provide a minimum level of specific services are anti-compe...
Endocrine response to realimentation in young northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris): Indications for development of fasting adaptation

Most organisms undergo changes in their environment, both predictably and unpredictably, which require them to alter priorities in nutrient allocation with regards to food availability. Species that more predictably encounter extended periods of limited food resources or intake while mitigating the negative effects of starvation are considered to be fasting adapted. Northern elephant seals (NES) are one such species and routinely undergo extended periods of fasting for breeding, molting, as well as a post-weaning fast at 6-8weeks of age. However, during unusual times of nutritional deprivation, animals may enter stage III fasting. While fasting and foraging in this species has been extensively studied, realimentation following fasting beyond normal life history parameters has not been investigated. In this study, changes in ghrelin, growth hormone (GH), and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I were compared across 8weeks of realimentation following emaciation in three age classes: neonates, post-molt pups, and yearlings. Longitudinal changes in hormone profiles indicate that neonate and post-molt pups are slow to recover mass and positive energy balance despite an energy dense diet fed at 10% body mass. In addition, ghrelin and GH concentrations remained elevated in post-molt pups compared to other age classes. Changes in hormone concentrations early in realimentation indicate that yearling animals recover more rapidly from periods of nutritional deprivation than do younger animals. Overall, this suggests that the ability to regulate metabolic homeostasis with regards to nutrient allocation may develop over time, even in a species that is considered to be fasting adapted.
Medien, ethnische Minderheiten und Diaspora

Die zweite theoretische Saule der vorliegenden Arbeit stellt deren Verankerung im Themenfeld der Forschung zu ethnischen Migrationsgemeinschaften und Medien dar. Dies ist allerdings nicht einfach eine Verortung innerhalb der klassischen Medien und Minderheitenforschung, wie sie den Grosteil der Studien der Kommunikations- und Medienwissenschaft kennzeichnet. Vielmehr geht es darum, zur Analyse der kommunikativen Vernetzungsprozesse russischer Diasporaangehoriger mittels digitaler Medien ein Forschungsparadigma zu entwickeln, das nicht nur die Komplexitat dieser Prozesse verstehen hilft, sondern auch deren Bedeutung in Bezug auf gesellschaftliche und kulturelle Folgen verdeutlicht.
How is depression experienced around the world? A systematic review of qualitative literature

To date global research on depression has used assessment tools based on research and clinical experience drawn from Western populations (i.e., in North American, European and Australian). There may be features of depression in non-Western populations which are not captured in current diagnostic criteria or measurement tools, as well as criteria for depression that are not relevant in other regions. We investigated this possibility through a systematic review of qualitative studies of depression worldwide. Nine online databases were searched for records that used qualitative methods to study depression. Initial searches were conducted between August 2012 and December 2012; an updated search was repeated in June of 2015 to include relevant literature published between December 30, 2012 and May 30, 2015. No date limits were set for inclusion of articles. A total of 16,130 records were identified and 138 met full inclusion criteria. Included studies were published between 1976 and 2015. These 138 studies represented data on 170 different study populations (some reported on multiple samples) and 77 different nationalities/ethnicities. Variation in results by geographical region, gender, and study context were examined to determine the consistency of descriptions across populations. Fisher's exact tests were used to compare frequencies of features across region, gender and context. Seven of the 15 features with the highest relative frequency form part of the DSM-5 diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). However, many of the other features with relatively high frequencies across the studies are associated features in the DSM, but are not prioritized as diagnostic criteria and therefore not included in standard instruments. The DSM-5 diagnostic criteria of problems with concentration and psychomotor agitation or slowing were infrequently mentioned. This research suggests that the DSM model and standard instruments currently based on the DSM may not adequately reflect the experience of depression at the worldwide or regional levels.
Intact parathyroid hormone levels and primary hyperparathyroidism.

ABSTRACTObjective: The aim of this article is to compare clinical characteristics and lab values for metabolic syndrome between primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) patients with different levels of serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and to determine correlation between different clinical characteristics among PHPT patients Methods: We reviewed charts of 212 PHPT patients in this retrospective study. Patients were divided into two groups according to their initial serum iPTH levels. Student’s t-tests were used to compare the two groups for differences in clinical characteristics and laboratory values. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were used to assess associations. Results: Of the 212 PHPT patients, 100 were classified as m-iPTH group (serum iPTH < 140 pg/mL), whereas 112 patients were defined as h-iPTH group (serum iPTH ≥ 140 pg/mL). The h-iPTH patients were younger, had higher serum calcium and alkaline phosphatase levels, but exhibited lower 25(OH)-vitamin D and HDL levels, when compared with th...
Integral Geometric Regularity

Smooth scalar-valued valuations may be thought of as curvature integrals that are robust enough to apply to objects with convex singularities. It turns out that certain kinds of nonconvex singularities are also included. The distinguishing feature is the existence of a normal cycle, which is an integral current that stands in for the manifold of unit normals in case they do not exist in the usual sense. We describe the elements of the normal cycle construction, and sketch how it may be used to establish the fundamental relations of integral geometry, with emphasis on the class of WDC sets recently introduced by Pokorný and Rataj.
Populations, Measurements, and Parameters

Statistics may be described as the science of description of measurements on natural populations (Kendall and Stuart, 1977, pp. 1–2). This brief description of statistics requires some amplification. In general, a population S is a nonempty set, and a subpopulation V of S is a nonempty subset of S. In statistical practice, a population of interest is a natural population. In many examples in this chapter, the population studied is the set of 51 American states, where District of Columbia is regarded as a state for the analyses in this book. In other cases, the population of interest is the set of all times in the year 1880. The set of all times in 1880 is a subpopulation of the set of all times in the nineteenth century.
Distinct Phases of Tau, Amyloid, and Functional Connectivity in Healthy Older Adults.

Neurofibrillary tangles containing aggregates of abnormally phosphorylated tau protein are one of the main histological features of Alzheimer's disease. Until the recent advent of a positron emission tomography (PET) imaging tracer, these tau-containing tangles were not visible in the living human
An Atypical Presentation of Pediatric Acute Neuropsychiatric Syndrome Responding to Plasmapheresis Treatment

Here we report a case of a 15-year-old female who had originally been diagnosed and treated unsuccessfully for schizophrenia, psychosis, severe anxiety, and depression. More in-depth history revealed an abrupt onset of her symptoms with remote acute infections and many exhibited characteristics of obsessive compulsive disorder with rituals. Work-up for underlying infectious, immunodeficiency, and autoimmune causes was unrevealing except for very high levels of anti-neuronal antibodies which have been linked to Pediatric Acute-onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS). Treatment options were discussed with the family and it was decided to use a course of plasmapheresis based on previous studies demonstrating efficacy and its safety profile. After course of therapy, there was a dramatic resolution of her psychosis, OCD traits, and anxiety. She was able to stop all of her antipsychotic and anxiety medications and resume many of her previous normal daily activities. The effect of this treatment has been sustained to the present time. This case emphasizes the importance of exploring nontraditional treatments for severe, treatment-resistant mental illness which requires a multidisciplinary approach. Further research is warranted in larger populations to investigate pathomechanisms and treatment of PANs/PANDAs.
ACM SIGGRAPH 2010 Posters

Posters offer a light-weight, low-tech method for presenting student, in-progress, and late-breaking work. They are displayed throughout the conference for attendees to browse at their leisure, and poster authors meet and discuss their work with attendees during Poster Sessions. Poster topics range from applications of computer graphics to novel interactive techniques to in-depth research on specific topics. Posters also present work submitted to the ACM Student Research Competition.
Experiences of completing cancer therapy: children's perspectives.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To explore the child's perspective of experiencing completion of cancer treatment. DESIGN Descriptive, phenomenologic. SETTING A pediatric hematology/oncology clinic in the southwestern United States. SAMPLE Seven children ages 5 to 18 who have completed cancer therapy within the past year and who were in remission. METHODS Open-ended, audiotaped interviews were conducted in a quiet setting away from the hospital. Interview data were transcribed and analyzed using Colaizzi's eight-step procedure. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES Child's description of the experience of completing treatment for cancer. FINDINGS Six theme categories were identified from the data: a gradual realization of normal; hierarchical and cyclical recurrence fears; completion embedded in the cancer experience; seeking a new normal; modifying relationships; and resolution and moving on. The themes were developed into an essential structure that indicated that the experience of completing cancer treatment has two faces--one of celebration and hope and one of uncertainty and fear. CONCLUSIONS Children completing cancer treatment experience numerous changes. With the assistance of healthcare providers, family, and friends, they can begin to move beyond the immediate cancer experience. Yet, fears and concerns remain for an extended time and must be addressed actively. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE Study findings provide an awareness of current practices administered around the time of completion and are meant to precipitate dialog with children and families to improve follow-up care for childhood survivors.
A Supramolecular Sensing Platform in a Microfluidic Chip

A supramolecular platform based on self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) has been implemented in a microfluidic device. The system has been applied for the sensing of two different analyte types: biologically relevant phosphate anions and aromatic carboxylic acids which are important for anthrax detection. An Eu(III)-EDTA complex was bound to β-cyclodextrin monolayers via orthogonal supramolecular host–guest interactions. The self-assembly of the Eu(III)-EDTA conjugate and naphthalene β-diketone as an antenna resulted in the formation of a highly luminescent lanthanide complex on the microchannel surface. Detection of different phosphate anions and aromatic carboxylic acids was demonstrated by monitoring the decrease in red emission following displacement of the antenna by the analyte. Parallel fabrication of five sensing SAMs in a single multichannel chip was performed, as a first demonstration of phosphate and carboxylic acid screening in a high-throughput format that allows a general detection platform for both analyte systems in a single test run.
Incorporating grain-level residual stresses and validating a crystal plasticity model of a two-phase Ti-6Al-4 V alloy produced via additive manufacturing

Abstract Titanium alloys, produced via additive manufacturing techniques, offer tremendous benefits over conventional manufacturing processes. However, there is inherent uncertainty associated with their properties, often stemming from the variability in the manufacturing process itself along with the presence of residual stresses in the material, which prevents their use as critical components. This work investigates Ti-6Al-4 V produced via selective laser melting by carrying out crystal plasticity finite element (CPFE) simulations and high-resolution digital image correlation (HR-DIC) on samples subject to cyclic loading. This is preceded by detailed material characterization using electron backscatter diffraction, back-scattered electron imaging and transmission electron microscopy, whose results are utilized to inform the CPFE model. A method to incorporate the effect of grain-level residual stresses via geometrically necessary dislocations is developed and implemented within the CPFE framework. Using this approach, grain level information about residual stresses obtained spatially over the region of interest, directly from the experimental material characterization, is utilized as an input to the model. Simulation results match well with HR-DIC and indicate that prior β boundaries play an important role in strain localization. In addition, possible sites for damage nucleation are identified, which correspond to regions of high plastic strain accumulation.
Predicting academic career outcomes by predoctoral publication record.

Background For students entering a science PhD program, a tenure-track faculty research position is often perceived as the ideal long-term goal. A relatively small percentage of individuals ultimately achieve this goal, however, with the vast majority of PhD recipients ultimately finding employment in industry or government positions. Given the disparity between academic career ambitions and outcomes, it is useful to understand factors that may predict those outcomes. Toward this goal, the current study examined employment status of PhD graduates from biomedical sciences programs at the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus (CU AMC) and related this to metrics of predoctoral publication records, as well as to other potentially important factors, such as sex and time-since-degree, to determine if these measures could predict career outcomes. Methods Demographic information (name, PhD program, graduation date, sex) of CU AMC biomedical sciences PhD graduates between 2000 and 2015 was obtained from University records. Career outcomes (academic faculty vs. non-faculty) and predoctoral publication records (number and impact factors of first-author and non-first-author publications) were obtained via publicly available information. Relationships between predoctoral publication record and career outcomes were investigated by (a) comparing faculty vs. non-faculty publication metrics, using t-tests, and (b) investigating the ability of predoctoral publication record, sex, and time-since-degree to predict career outcomes, using logistic regression. Results Significant faculty vs. non-faculty differences were observed in months since graduation (p < 0.001), first-author publication number (p = 0.001), average first-author impact factor (p = 0.006), and highest first-author impact factor (p = 0.004). With sex and months since graduation as predictors of career outcome, the logistic regression model was significant (p < 0.001), with both being male and having more months since graduation predicting career status. First-author related publication metrics (number of publications, average impact factor, highest impact factor) all significantly improved model fit (χ2 < 0.05 for all) and were all significant predictors of faculty status (p < 0.05 for all). Non-first-author publication metrics did not significantly improve model fit or predict faculty status. Discussion Results suggest that while sex and months since graduation also predict career outcomes, a strong predoctoral first-author publication record may increase likelihood of obtaining an academic faculty research position. Compared to non-faculty, individuals employed in faculty positions produced more predoctoral first-author publications, with these being in journals with higher impact factors. Furthermore, first-author publication record, sex, and months since graduation were significant predictors of faculty status.
Marijuana Consumption in Liver Transplant Recipients.

Marijuana is legalized for either medical or recreational use in over half of the states in the United States and in Canada, but many transplant centers will not list patients who are using marijuana. However, the effect of marijuana on transplant outcomes remains unclear. Thus, we performed a retrospective analysis of all adult (≥18 years old) liver transplant patients treated at our center between 2007 and 2017. Patients were grouped according to their marijuana use and tobacco smoking status. We also evaluated tobacco smoking status for the comparative evaluation. Posttransplant morbidity, mortality, and graft survival were evaluated. In total, 316 patients were included: 171 (54%) patients were tobacco smokers (70 current; 101 former), 81 (26%) patients were marijuana smokers (13 current; 68 former), and 64 (20#x0025;) patients were both marijuana and tobacco smokers. A total of 136 (43%) reported never smoking marijuana or tobacco. After adjustment, current tobacco users were over 3 times as likely to die within 5 years compared with never users (hazard ratio [HR], 3.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.63-6.46; P 24-hour intubation was seen. Overall, pretransplant marijuana use, past or current, does not appear to impact liver transplant outcomes, though tobacco smoking remains detrimental.
Do Venture Capital-Driven Top Management Changes Enhance Corporate Innovation in Private Firms?

Using hand-collected data on top management changes in venture capital (VC)-backed private firms, I show that VC-driven top management changes are associated with significantly more and higher quality innovation. Further, the effect of VC-driven top management changes on innovation is stronger for firms with greater VC power. An instrumental variable analysis using an exogenous shock to the supply of outside managers available for hire shows that the above relations are causal. Making use of hand-collected information on the founders of private firms, I find that both founder replacements and non-founder top management changes have a positive effect on corporate innovation. Decomposing top management changes into different types, I show that replacing top managers with new ones (rather than adding or removing managers alone) is most effective in enhancing innovation. Delving deeper into the educational background and employment history of the top management team, I find that adding seasoned CEOs has a significantly positive effect on innovation, while changing senior managers with a prior technical background does not. I also analyze the possible mechanisms through which top management changes affect corporate innovation, and establish that one such mechanism is through new management teams hiring a greater number of inventors for a given investment size. Finally, I find that VC-driven top management changes increase the probability of a firm's successful exit (via an IPO or an acquisition), partially driven by their enhanced innovation.
Student and Staff Perceptions of University Library Usage: Comparing Reality to Interpretation of Space Usage

The role of the academic library, student library usage, and faculty perceptions of student learning have been ongoing discussions for many years. The purpose of this study was to bring those conve...
Institutional Characteristics and Bachelor’s Degree Completion of Pell Grant Recipients:

This study uses data from the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System and Delta Cost Project to identify institutional predictors of bachelor’s degree completion rates for Pell Grant recipie...
Management of Patient Undergoing Embolization: Aneurysm/AVMs

A 42-year-old female is brought to the emergency department (ED) by paramedics. She was watching television at her house when she had sudden onset of headache and nausea followed by loss of consciousness. On her arrival in ED, she was drowsy but obeying commands, no other neurologic deficits. Pupils were equal and reactive. On chest auscultation, B/L basal rales were heard. Her vital signs were BP—212/108 mmHg, pulse—48/min, SpO2—94% with O2 6 L by facemask, temperature—36.8 °F. EKG showed T wave inversion with ST segment depression. A CT scan showed SAH in the right sylvian fissure with a right frontotemporal intraparenchymal clot. An angiogram was performed and showed right middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysm. Blood investigations showed Na—130 mmol/L, K—3.2 mmol/L, glucose—238 mg/dL, Hb—13 g/dL, WBC—18 × 109/L, platelets—300,000/μL. Toxicology screen was positive for cocaine. Patient had a smoking history of 20 pack-years. There was no other significant medical history.
Optimizing an eDNA protocol for estuarine environments: Balancing sensitivity, cost and time

Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis has gained traction as a precise and cost-effective method for species and waterways management. To date, publications on eDNA protocol optimization have focused primarily on DNA yield. Therefore, it has not been possible to evaluate the cost and speed of specific components of the eDNA protocol, such as water filtration and DNA extraction method when designing or choosing an eDNA protocol. At the same time, these two parameters are essential for the experimental design of a project. Here we evaluate and rank 27 different eDNA protocols in the context of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) eDNA detection in an estuarine environment. We present a comprehensive evaluation of multiple eDNA protocol parameters, balancing time, cost and DNA yield. We collected samples composed of 500 mL estuarine water from Deverton Slough (38°11'16.7"N 121°58'34.5"W) and 500 mL from tank water containing 1.3 juvenile Chinook Salmon per liter. Then, we compared extraction methods, filter types, use of inhibitor removal kit for DNA yield, processing time, and protocol cost. Lastly, we used an MCMC algorithm together with machine learning to understand the DNA yield of each step of the protocol as well as the interactions between those steps. Glass fiber filtration was to be the most resilient to high turbidites, filtering the samples in 2.32 ± 0.08 min instead of 14.16 ± 1.86 min and 6.72 ± 1.99 min for nitrocellulose and paper filter N1, respectively. The filtration DNA yield percentages for paper filter N1, glass fiber, and nitrocellulose were 0.00045 ± 0.00013, 0.00107 ± 0.00013, 0.00172 ± 0.00013. The DNA extraction yield percentage for QIagen, dipstick, NaOH, magnetic beads, and direct dipstick ranged from 0.047 ± 0.0388 to 0.475 ± 0.0357. For estuarine waters, which are challenging for eDNA studies due to high turbidity, variable salinity, and the presence of PCR inhibitors, we found that a protocol combining glass filters, magnetic beads, and an extra step for PCR inhibitor removal, is the method that best balances time, cost, and yield. In addition, we provide a generalized decision tree for determining the optimal eDNA protocol for other studies in aquatic systems. Our findings should be applicable to most aquatic environments and provide a clear guide for determining which eDNA protocol should be used under different study constraints.
Socio-Ecological Predictors of Resilience Development Over Time Among Youth With a History of Maltreatment:

While there is a growing body of research examining resilient development in adolescents with a history of maltreatment, it remains unclear whether youth resilient functioning changes over time and what factors predict such change. The current study aimed to identify the socio-ecological predictors of the change in resilient functioning over time among adolescents with a history of maltreatment. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted with a sample of 771 adolescents drawn from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW-II). Over 18 months, 23.2% of the adolescents remained in the less resilience group, 45.4% stayed in the greater resilience group, 17.4% moved from the greater resilience group to the less resilience group, and 14.0% moved from the less resilience group to the greater resilience group. Younger age, better parent-child relationship quality, and neighborhood safety were associated with stable and continued resilient functioning over time. Conversely, child physical abuse, affiliation with deviant peers, and receipt of behavioral services were negatively associated with continued resilience. Our findings suggest that interventions that support adolescents in building positive relationships with their parents and peers may prevent a loss of resilience over time and ensure continued resilient functioning in child welfare-involved adolescents.
Association of Ischemic Evaluation and Clinical Outcomes Among Patients Admitted With New‐Onset Heart Failure

Background The significant morbidity associated with systolic heart failure makes it imperative to identify patients with a reversible cause. We thus sought to evaluate the proportion of patients w...
State-of-Charge Balancing Control for Modular Battery System With Output DC Bus Regulation

State-of-charge (SOC) balancing of battery cells is very crucial for the battery management system (BMS) to prolong the operational lifetime of the battery system. In this article, an adaptive control algorithm is proposed to balance the SOCs for a series-connected battery system. The control strategy achieves power balancing using the current-SOC droop concept while maintaining a stable dc bus voltage regulation at the battery pack. The proposed control algorithm achieves the control objectives without any communication necessity among the batteries. Moreover, the control design and the stability analysis are shown in detail using small-signal modeling. Furthermore, the simulation and experimental validation are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm. In addition, the conventional centralized control method is compared with the proposed distributed control concept. The proposed approach shows higher reliability, flexibility, and scalability compared to the conventional centralized cell balancing structures.
Scientist Civic Engagement and the US 2020 Fine Particulate Matter Standards

BACKGROUND AND AIM: In 2020 the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) decided to retain the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for fine particles (PM2.5), despite very strong evidenc...
Impact of Chemical Weathering on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Karstic Limestone

Dissolution and chemical weathering of carbonate rocks have complex effects on their mechanical properties, accelerating their rate of deterioration that can lead to early failure under external st...
Treatment of the Sexually Abused Child: Review and Synthesis of Recent Meta-Analyses

Abstract Approximately 20 years ago O’Donohue and Elliott (1992) reviewed the treatment outcome literature for sexually abused children and evaluated each study on several criteria (e.g., adequacy of the description of therapy, subjects, and research design; assessment of clinical significance and social validity; inclusion of follow-up assessment to establish the durability of treatment effects etc.). At that time they were only able to identify 11 treatment outcome studies. Currently, a similar search has yielded several hundred outcome studies related to the treatment of child sexual abuse, several reviews of the literature, and seven relevant meta-analyses, clearly indicating a proliferation of much needed outcome research. In this paper we critically reviewed the seven meta-analyses and noted that different criteria for inclusion were used and some cases quite different conclusions were drawn. In this paper we describe and evaluate the seven meta-analyses and provide evidence-based treatment recommendations for children and adolescents who have been sexually abused.
Biological basis of genetic predisposition to breast cancer

Summary In summary, there have indeed been major breakthroughs in the identification of multiple genetic aberrations in breast cancer. These include germ-line mutations in familial disease, genes that confer increased susceptibility to many different cancers including breast cancer, and genetic aberrations observed only in breast cancers. The large number of aberrations reported may seem perplexing. However, strategies which identify how they fit into models for the etiology and evolution of this disease and how familial genes may be involved in sporadic breast cancer are beginning to appear and will continue to be a challenge for the future.
Investigating the excitation of acoustic modes using homomorphic deconvolution

Properties of the convection zone are encrypted in the behavior of acoustic modes p modes) and also in the excitation mechanism. The goal of this study is to reconstruct the pattern of the excitation (e.g., the rate and strength of the excitation) from an observed signal. The method, homomorphic deconvolution, has been tested on several sets of artificial signals. The preliminary results presented here are promising. Further rigorous tests and the eventual application to a real signal will be carried out in the near future.
How to Assemble a Molecular Junction

Junctions between metals and molecules play an important role in molecular electronics. Advances in this field are hampered by the lack of understanding of the electronic structure of organic-metal interfaces. In his Perspective, Kummel highlights the report by Nazin et al. (3), who have used scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) to assemble a metal-molecule-metal junction. Subsequently, they employed the STM tip to probe the atomic structure and local electronic properties of the metal-molecule interface in unprecedented detail. They find evidence for strong coupling between the molecular and metal states. Such coupling affects the conductivity of metal-molecule-metal junctions.
Hybrid probabilistic logic programs with non-monotonic negation

In [22], a new Hybrid Probabilistic Logic Programs framework has been proposed, and a new semantics has been developed to enable encoding and reasoning about real-world applications. In this paper, the language of Hybrid Probabilistic Logic Programs framework of [22] is extended to allow non-monotonic negation, and two alternative semantics are defined: stable probabilistic model semantics and probabilistic well-founded semantics. Stable probabilistic model semantics and probabilistic well-founded semantics generalize stable model semantics and well-founded semantics of traditional normal logic programs, and they reduce to the semantics of original Hybrid Probabilistic Logic programs framework of [22] for programs without negation. It is the first time that two different semantics for Hybrid Probabilistic Programs with non-monotonic negation as well as their relationships are described. This development provides a foundational ground for developing computational methods for computing the proposed semantics. Furthermore, it makes it clearer how to characterize non-monotonic negation in probabilistic logic programming frameworks for commonsense reasoning.
Resisting the Spectacle of Pride: Queer Indian Bloggers as Interpretive Communities

Community formation/sustenance in the real/virtual realms is especially important in an age where media are increasingly convergent and interactive. Using the theory of interpretive communities, th...
Evaluating the validity of an instrumental variable study of neuroleptics: can between-physician differences in prescribing patterns be used to estimate treatment effects?

Background:Postmarketing studies of prescription drugs are challenging because prognostic variables that determine treatment choices are often unmeasured. In this setting, instrumental variable (IV) methods that exploit differences in prescribing patterns between physicians may be used to estimate t
Molecular profiling of endometrial cancers from African-American and Caucasian women.

Abstract Objective. It is widely recognized that racial disparity in survival exists between African–American and Caucasian women with endometrial cancer (EC). Differential mutation frequencies in select genes have been postulated to explain these survival differences. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that African–American women with EC have a distinct gene expression profile compared to Caucasian women with EC. Methods. Microarray-based expression profiling using the Affymetrix U133A oligonucleotide array was performed on a series of ECs from African–American ( n = 14) and Caucasian ( n = 25). The two groups were matched for possible confounding variables including stage, histologic grade, and subtype. A model-based class comparison analysis was performed to generate a list of differentially expressed genes using a P value of Results. The class comparison analysis of genes differentially expressed by tumors from the two groups revealed 16 genes differentially expressed at P P = 0.68). In addition, hierarchical clustering analysis did not segregate these tumors into two distinct groups based on race. Conclusion. These data indicate that there is no discernible difference in global gene expression profiles of ECs from African–American and Caucasian women. Thus, racial disparities in clinical outcomes are unlikely to reflect differences in gene expression and may instead be attributable to other epidemiologic, clinical, or pathologic factors.
rainbottles: gathering raindrops of data from the cloud

This paper introduces a design for a new way of managing the flow of information in the age of overflow. The devices, rainBottle, collect virtual data and converts it into a virtual liquid that fills up specially designed glass bottles. The bottles then serve as an ambient interface displaying the quantity of information in a queue as well as a tangible controller for opening the applications associated with the data in the bottles. With customizable data relevance metrics, the bottles can also serve as filters by letting less relevant data overflow out of the bottle.
Interviewing in speech pathology and audiology

This paper presents a systematic procedure for conducting a diagnostic interview with individuals presenting communication disorders. An interview is depicted as having three basic goals: to obtain information, to give information, and to provide release and support.