cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Performance analysis of a DRL-less AFE for battery-powered wearable EEG

Abstract The driven-right-leg (DRL) circuit has been commonly used in the wall-powered EEG systems to reduce common-mode interference in the bio-potential amplifier. However, DRL circuit imposes limitations on the number of channels preventing modular development, and its effectiveness is diminished for a newer generation of battery-powered EEG systems. We present a performance investigation of DRL-less EEG circuit by designing a single-channel EEG with a novel Analog Front End (AFE) that contains a differential amplifier followed by a high-Q active notch filter. The prototyped wearable EEG system has been validated to record neural signals with and without the DRL circuit. The time domain and frequency domain signals show that the designed AFE is not impacted significantly (maximum 4 dB difference) by the DRL elimination and maintains similar signal quality. The customized EEG with and without DRL offers CMRR of 72.98 dB and 71.74 dB, respectively, at 60 Hz (power-line interference range in the USA), whereas CMRR of 72.64 dB and 71.01 dB, respectively, at 20 Hz (representative EEG signal range). DRL elimination allows us to envision a sensor-level modular EEG system for neural monitoring in non-clinical environments.
Two New Kice--Based Grain--Cash Cropping Patterns

The study was carried out in 1987-1990 at CNRRI Farm, two new cropping pattern "Bar- ley/Watermelon+Corn-Rice" and "Milk vetch+Barley/Watermelon+Corn-Rice" increased grain yield by 99.2 and 296.2 kg/mu, and raised sun light utilization efficiency by 0.145% and 0.159% in comparison with the "Barley/Watermelon-Rice" and "Watermelon-Rice", respectivaly. The after-effects of upland, lowland crop to the yield of second crop of rice were also analysed.
Study on the Security-Stability Control Scheme for Yunnan-Guangdong ±800 kV DC System

Analyzing the operation characteristics of Yunnan-Guangdong ±800 kV DC system being into bipolar operation,and comparing the control effects of various control measures,this paper gives an overall framework of security and stability control system for the DC system as follows:to control the DC system on a principle that the total tripping amounts are less than 4 800 MW for generators and then 2 500 MW for power loads,and to adopt measures if these limits are exceeded such as to adjust the restarting scheme,to disable the restarting function,to reduce the power transmission of the DC system or to set it into islanding operation.
Development of diameter 1.55mm HT tempered bead wire

High tensile strength bead wire has become development direction of auto tyre skeleton material. To research the pretreatment,wire drawing,temper and Cu-plating process of diameter 1.55mm HT tempered bead wire,it is pointed out that adhering force between rubber and bead wire is the strongest as controlling copper adhering quantity is 0.15~0.44g/kg,copper layer depth 0.08~0.16 micron. Using 13 pass wire drawing to produce finished products steel wire,when total compressibility is more than 70%,the torsion,tensile strength,breaking force and percentage elongation after fracture are all eligibility. Matters needing attention in the course of production from steel smelting to finished bead wire are introduced. Statistics show that compared with common bead wire,tensile strength of diameter 1.55mm HT tempered bead wire produced with the technology increases 14.9%,cost cut down 15%,pass rate is up to 94.8%.
Behavioral and neuropsychiatric outcomes in Alzheimer's disease.

Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia pose significant challenges in the management of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychiatric symptoms are associated with cognitive decline, highly impaired activities of daily living, and frontal lobe pathology. Moreover, behavioral and psychological symptoms can diminish patient quality of life, increase caregiver distress, and accelerate nursing home placement. Although these symptoms are often associated with the later stages of Alzheimer's disease, a high percentage of individuals with mild cognitive impairment or mild Alzheimer's report symptoms as well. This article provides an overview of behavioral and neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with Alzheimer's disease and discusses nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic approaches to the management of such symptoms. For patients with severe behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, pychotropic agents may be warranted, whereas approved therapies for Alzheimer's, including cholinesterase inhibitors and the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist memantine, may be appropriate in less severe cases.
Counseling for breastfeeding.

Case study: BS, a 26-year-old woman in her second trimester of pregnancy, comes to your office for routine prenatal care. She expresses concern because one of her relatives has told her that she should not breastfeed. You want to recommend breastfeeding and wonder how to counsel her.
Salt intake modulates the developmental expression of renal kallikrein and bradykinin B2 receptors

The mechanisms involved in the postnatal induction of renal kallikrein gene transcription and enzymatic activity are unknown. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that salt (NaCl) intake regulates the ontogeny of renal kallikrein gene expression and enzymatic activity and urinary kallikrein excretion. Newborn rats were artificially fed via a gastric tube with a milk formula containing either normal (25 meq/l, same as in maternal milk) or high (145 meq/l) NaCl content from day 7 to 14 of postnatal life. High-salt feeding decreased renal kallikrein mRNA levels (P < 0.05) and kallikrein-like activity (P < 0.05) compared with rat pups on normal salt intake. However, urinary kallikrein excretion (Ukal) was not different on chronic high vs. normal salt intake. Furthermore, acute volume expansion (0.9% saline, 1% body wt iv) did not alter Ukal in either group of developing rats. In adult rats, 1% NaCl in the drinking water for 10 days decreased renal active kallikrein contents (P < 0.05) but did...
Work-Family Research and Practice: What if the Whole Person Mattered?

The task of reconciling the roles of work and family life has been like the Middle East of the field of management and organizational behaviour — the issues seem to be perennial and intractable. Although we do not claim to have the answer to work—life peace, we would like to examine a lens for viewing the terrain that we see as having some potential: looking at the issues in terms of the whole person. What if we took the whole person seriously?
Overbidding and inefficiencies in multi-unit Vickrey auctions for normal goods

Abstract I examine bid behavior in uniform-price auctions and multi-unit Vickrey auctions, without the standard quasilinearity restriction on bidder preferences. Instead of assuming quasilinearity, I assume that bidders have weakly positive wealth effects, i.e. the goods are normal goods. My setting nests quasilinearity, but also allows for budget constraints, financial constraints, and risk aversion. I show that without the quasilinearity restriction, truthful reporting is not a dominant strategy in the Vickrey auction. Instead, bidders truthfully demand for their first unit and weakly overreport their demand for later units. The incentive to overreport demand means that the Vickrey auction is generally inefficient. This mirrors the well-known demand reduction results in uniform-price auctions. Moreover, the efficiency ranking of the two auctions is ambiguous. In fact, there are cases where the uniform-price auction is Pareto efficient and the Vickrey auction is Pareto inefficient, even if only one bidder has non-quasilinear preferences.
Inoculation of broiler chicks with a continuous-flow derived bacterial culture facilitates early cecal bacterial colonization and increases resistance to Salmonella typhimurium

Experiments were conducted to examine the effect of a continuous-flow (CF) derived bacterial culture and of dietary lactose on colonization level by anaerobic bacteria in the ceca of broiler chicks. Cecal facultative and strictly anaerobic bacteria colony forming units (CFU), total volatile fatty acid (TVFA), lactic and propionic acid concentrations in 3-d-old chicks, and cecal log10 Salmonella typhimurium colonization and propionic acid concentrations in 10-d-old chicks were measured. Treatment groups were control diet, 2% lactose diet, CF culture + control diet, and CF culture + 2% lactose diet. Groups inoculated with CF culture had decreased (P < 0.05) Salmonella in cecal contents at 10 d of age. The level of Salmonella protection was significantly (P < 0.05) correlated with increased cecal bacteria CFU, TVFA, and propionic acid concentrations in 3-d-old chicks. Results indicated that inoculating newly hatched chicks with CF culture containing cecal microflora originally obtained from adult chickens, facilitates early cecal colonization by native cecal microflora, and this is associated with protection against Salmonella .
Outcome of Neonatal Stroke

Evaluations, including MRI, MR angiography, and neuropsychological tests, at 1.5-8.4 years, of 8 infants after neonatal stroke involving the middle cerebral artery are reported from the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
Ring-Opening Copolymerization of Epoxides and Cyclic Anhydrides with Discrete Metal Complexes: Structure–Property Relationships

Polyesters synthesized through the alternating copolymerization of epoxides and cyclic anhydrides compose a growing class of polymers that exhibit an impressive array of chemical and physical properties. Because they are synthesized through the chain-growth polymerization of two variable monomers, their syntheses can be controlled by discrete metal complexes, and the resulting materials vary widely in their functionality and physical properties. This polymer-focused review gives a perspective on the current state of the field of epoxide/anhydride copolymerization mediated by discrete catalysts and the relationships between the structures and properties of these polyesters.
A Two-Ocean Bouillabaisse: Science, Politics, and the Central American Sea-Level Canal Controversy

As the Panama Canal approached its fiftieth anniversary in the mid-1960s, U.S. officials concerned about the costs of modernization welcomed the technology of peaceful nuclear excavation to create a new waterway at sea level. Biologists seeking a share of the funds slated for radiological-safety studies called attention to another potential effect which they deemed of far greater ecological and evolutionary magnitude - marine species exchange, an obscure environmental issue that required the expertise of underresourced life scientists. An enterprising endeavor to support Smithsonian naturalists, especially marine biologists at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute in Panama, wound up sparking heated debates - between biologists and engineers about the oceans' biological integrity and among scientists about whether the megaproject represented a research opportunity or environmental threat. A National Academy of Sciences panel chaired by Ernst Mayr failed to attract congressional funding for its 10-year baseline research program, but did create a stir in the scientific and mainstream press about the ecological threats that the sea-level canal might unleash upon the Atlantic and Pacific. This paper examines how the proposed megaproject sparked a scientific and political conversation about the risks of mixing the oceans at a time when many members of the scientific and engineering communities still viewed the seas as impervious to human-facilitated change.
INSPiRE: an integrated approach to tackling household air pollution and improving health in rural Cambodia.

• In rural Cambodian homes, household air pollution levels exceed the limits recommended by the WHO.
From education to practice: Addressing opioid misuse through health care provider training: A special issue of Substance Abuse journal

Opioid misuse may be ignored by providers who are unwilling or not confident in engaging the complex nature of substance use disorders among their patient populations. Addiction is a complex disease, and although providers often are comfortable in identifying, assessing, and treating the complex diseases of their patients, basic knowledge and skills of identification, assessment, and treatment expertise involving opioids for pain, addressing opioid misuse, and treatment of opioid use disorder are lacking. Initiatives to improve knowledge of opioid use, misuse, and opioid use disorder among health care providers are emerging. In this issue of the Substance Abuse journal, we examine the science and evidence base of educational interventions and public initiatives addressing opioid use and addiction. These initiatives include naloxone rescue awareness and programs, community-based training initiatives, and system or public health approaches to improve student, trainee, and clinician education/training revolving around opioid misuse and opioid use disorder. We call on stakeholders to fund more research to investigate and implement the proven means to educate undergraduate students, graduate trainees, and clinicians regarding pain and addiction. We also recognize the 2016 peer reviewers of our journal who have performed meritorious, volunteer service to advance the science of addiction.
Two Different Ways of Treating Corporate Cash in FCF Valuations—and the Importance of Getting the Cost of Capital Right

The methods for calculating free cash flow presented in texts on financial statement analysis and valuation appear to be very different from those in corporate finance texts, causing some confusion among academics as well as practitioners. Financial statement analysis and valuation texts generally begin by valuing just the enterprise operations—that is, the entity that engages in the firm's primary revenue‐generating activities—and then adding back the value of its cash holdings and other financial assets. The corporate finance approach is typically to value all the assets together, including financial assets that are not used in the production of the goods and services provided by the firm. Using a simple example, the authors show that the valuation of the equity ownership of the firm should be the same for both methods of calculating free cash flow, provided the analyst makes the appropriate adjustments to the method for calculating the cost of capital (WACC) used to discount forecasted free cash flows to a present value.
OUTCOMES OF POST-OPERATIVE ATRIAL FIBRILLATION AFTER CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT SURGERY: A META-ANALYSIS

Post-operative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is common after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Many studies have evaluated the outcomes of POAF in patients undergoing CABG, but have demonstrated inconsistent results. We therefore systematically reviewed published literature and performed a
The effects of radiation chemistry on radiochemistry: when unpaired electrons defy great expectations

In liquid/liquid extraction fuel cycle scenarios, successful metal partitioning depends upon maintaining predictable ligand concentrations and metal valence states in a non-equilibrium system perturbed by the constant input of energy. Energetic particles from nuclide decay interact with solution to yield ions and radicals that react with solutes. These reactions have the potential to interfere with the expected separations chemistry. This paper describes example reactions of the main transient products of aqueous and organic diluents with ligands or metal ions. These reactions tend to decrease ligand concentrations, generate unwanted products, and change metal valence states. It discusses the effects of these reactions on the desired separations, using examples mainly from work conducted at the Idaho National Laboratory Center for Radiation Chemistry Research (CR2).
Setting Up First-Order Differential Equations from Word Problems

“Word problems” are sometimes troublesome; but you have learned that most noncalculus applied problems can be conquered with careful translating and attention to the kinds of units involved. A trivial illustration of this type is as follows.
Psychological Intervention and Infertility

There is a long tradition of psychological intervention for individuals and couples with infertility. Some of this work has drawn upon a psychosomatic framework, suggesting that infertility stems from emotional conflicts, whereas the conceptualization of infertility as a life crisis has served as the basis for other applied work. This chapter will examine psychological interventions with infertility patients. Few empirical evaluations of psychological interventions with this patient population are available, and consequently this chapter will draw upon established theory and research from other clinical settings or populations as well as clinical observation.
Voices of Newly Arrived Refugee Women

The numbers of refugees worldwide are at an all-time high. The majority of refugees relocated to the United States are women and children. Much research has concentrated on health care issues and t...
Predicting Costs Exceeding Bundled Payment Targets for Total Joint Arthroplasty.

Abstract Background The Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services has instituted bundled reimbursement models for total joint arthroplasty (TJA), which includes target prices for each procedure. Some patients exceed these targets; however, currently there are no tools to accurately predict this preoperatively. We hypothesized that a validated comorbidity index combined with patient demographics would adequately predict excess cost-of-care prior to hospitalization. Methods Two thousand eighty-four primary unilateral TJAs performed at a single tertiary center were retrospectively examined. Data were extracted from medical records and a predictive model was built from 30 comorbidities and 7 patient demographic factors (age, gender, race, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, smoking status, and marital status). Following parameter selection, a final multivariable model was created, with a corresponding nomogram for interactive visualization of probability for excess cost. Results Six hundred twelve patients (29%) had cost-of-care exceeding the target price. The final model demonstrated adequate predictive discrimination for cost-of-care exceeding the target price (area under the receiver operator characteristic curve: 0.747). Factors associated with excess cost included age, gender, marital status, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, body mass index, and race, as well as 7 Elixhauser comorbidities (alcohol use, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, electrolyte disorders, neurodegenerative disorders, psychoses, and pulmonary circulatory disorders). Conclusion A novel patient model composed of a subset of validated comorbidities and demographic variables provides adequate discrimination in predicting excess cost within bundled payment models for TJA. This not only helps identify patients who would benefit from preoperative optimization, but also provides evidence for modification of future bundled reimbursement models to adjust for nonmodifiable risk factors.
Advances in stress-wave nondestructive testing methods for evaluation of deep foundations

Stress-wave based nondestructive testing (NDT) systems such as cross-hole sonic logging (CSL), low strain integrity testing, and ultrasonic echo devices (e.g. Sonicaliper) are routinely deployed fo...
Evaluative relationships: teacher accountability and professional culture

Research on recently adopted methods for teacher evaluation are largely focused on issues of validity and pay less attention to the consequences of implementation for the everyday practices of teac...
Volume Estimation using Traffic Signal Event-Based Data from Video-Based Sensors:

Traffic volume data is one of the most critical variables for signal retiming. However, collecting traffic volume manually can be time-consuming and costly. In recent years, video-based sensor systems have been applied on signalized intersections for signal timing control. The detectors in video-based sensors generate large amounts of real-time high-resolution event-based data, including signal status and detection status data. The vehicle arrivals for each detection event is a stochastic process and has a relationship with the signal status and the detection duration (time occupancy). Therefore, a modified dynamic hidden Markov model (DHMM) is proposed to estimate vehicular volume by modeling the vehicle arrivals using event-based data collected at signalized intersections. The concept of an additional hidden state is introduced to make the vehicular volume finite by grouping volumes that have only a small probability of occurring into one hidden state. Additionally, a linear regression model is built to...
Underwater optical impulse response measurement using a chaotic lidar sensor

This paper explores the use of a recently developed chaotic lidar sensor to perform impulse response measurements underwater. The sensor’s measured system impulse response, which approximates a thumbtack function with a 1 ns peak width, is used with an ocean impulse response simulator to predict the chaotic lidar’s expected performance underwater. A calibration routine is developed to compensate for the finite resolution and sidelobes in the sensor’s system impulse response, improving the accuracy of the simulated chaotic lidar results. In an example application of water turbidity measurement, the extinction coefficient of water, c , is extracted from simulated chaotic lidar impulse responses with an average error of 0.03/m over a range of turbidities from c=0.1/m to c=0.3/m. Simulations are also presented to demonstrate that the chaotic lidar sensor impulse response can simultaneously detect multiple reflective elements and the volumetric backscatter response with a 1 ns temporal resolution. Laboratory water tank measurements are performed to validate the simulation approach, and the experimental chaotic lidar measurements are in reasonable agreement with the simulated results.
Conclusion: What Have We Learned and Where Do We Go from Here?

In the concluding chapter of this handbook, we explore key takeaways and future considerations of CBT-based intervention in treating youth with acute and chronic health conditions. A common theme across these 28 chapters is the nuanced nature of delivering mental health services for those with comorbid medical complexity. Time and time again, CBT demonstrates unique advantages in integrated pediatric health-care settings. The ability to adapt to the vast patient diversity that present in pediatric settings, while remaining true to the pillars of the biopsychosocial model and foundation of CBT intervention, illustrates the exciting opportunities ahead for pediatric psychologists.
Does the gut microbiota contribute to the oligodendrocyte progenitor niche

The past decade has seen a growing number of studies on the relationship between the gut microbiota and the brain. This mini-review will focus on the unexpected findings linking the microbiome to myelination. We first address the temporal correlation between the acquisition of a gut microbiota in the developing organism and developmental myelination. We then review the factors impacting the composition of the child's gut microbiota, ranging from maternal stress to modality of delivery and from breastfeeding and diet composition to antibiotic treatment early in life. We discuss the topic of gut-brain communication with an emphasis on myelination, and propose the concept that gut microbes produce metabolites which may constitute a "metabolic" niche. Distinct bacterial communities may create very different "niches", some permissive and others inhibitory for myelin generation or maintenance. We speculate that this concept of "gut dysbiosis" may also in part explain the reduced myelin content detected in several neurological and psychiatric disorders. We conclude by envisioning intervention with probiotics and prebiotics to favor the formation of a microbial metabolic "niche" favoring myelin production to promote brain health.
Left Far Lateral Craniotomy for Clipping of a Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Aneurysm.

Objectives The complex anatomical relationships of neurovascular structures at the craniovertebral junction make the clipping of a posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysm surgically challenging. We demonstrate the clipping of a PICA aneurysm in the video. Design, Setting, and Participant A 65-year-old woman presented with a nonsymptomatic unruptured left PICA aneurysm; follow-up angiography showed an increase in its size. Preoperative angiography demonstrated a PICA aneurysm with the neck close to the origin of the PICA. A daughter sac of the aneurysm was also noted. A left far lateral approach was performed. The vagoaccessory triangle was exposed after opening the arachnoid membrane. The origin of the PICA and the aneurysm were revealed after exploration. The aneurysm neck was identified both proximally and distally. Two fenestrated clips were applied; subsequent indocyanine green (ICG) videoangiography demonstrated that the PICA was obstructed. One clip was adjusted, and repeated ICG videoangiography showed the PICA was patent. An endoscope was used before and after the clip application to better understand the anatomy of the aneurysm and inspect clip positions ( Fig. 1 ). Outcome The patient was neurologically intact postoperatively and was discharged on postoperative day 4. Conclusion PICA aneurysms require careful treatment. Impingement of adjacent structures can cause severe complications. Lower cranial nerve damage can cause dysphagia, and compromised vertebral/PICA circulation can cause brainstem symptoms, such as Wallenberg's syndrome. Intraoperative ICG videoangiography should be used to evaluate vessel patency, and the endoscope should be used to fully inspect the aneurysm and evaluate the clip application. The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/dKxFQTRA89g .
Characterization of Brain Inflammation, Apoptosis, Hypoxia, Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity and Metabolism in Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus (VEEV TC-83) Exposed Mice by In Vivo Positron Emission Tomography Imaging.

Traditional pathogenesis studies of alphaviruses involves monitoring survival, viremia, and pathogen dissemination via serial necropsies; however, molecular imaging shifts this paradigm and provides a dynamic assessment of pathogen infection. Positron emission tomography (PET) with PET tracers targeted to study neuroinflammation (N,N-diethyl-2-[4-phenyl]-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-acetamide, [18F]DPA-714), apoptosis (caspase-3 substrate, [18F]CP-18), hypoxia (fluormisonidazole, [18F]FMISO), blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity ([18F]albumin), and metabolism (fluorodeoxyglucose, [18F]FDG) was performed on C3H/HeN mice infected intranasally with 7000 plaque-forming units (PFU) of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) TC-83. The main findings are as follows: (1) whole-brain [18F]DPA-714 and [18F]CP-18 uptake increased three-fold demonstrating, neuroinflammation and apoptosis, respectively; (2) [18F]albumin uptake increased by 25% across the brain demonstrating an altered BBB; (3) [18F]FMISO uptake increased by 50% across the whole brain indicating hypoxic regions; (4) whole-brain [18F]FDG uptake was unaffected; (5) [18F]DPA-714 uptake in (a) cortex, thalamus, striatum, hypothalamus, and hippocampus increased through day seven and decreased by day 10 post exposure, (b) olfactory bulb increased at day three, peaked day seven, and decreased day 10, and (c) brain stem and cerebellum increased through day 10. In conclusion, intranasal exposure of C3H/HeN mice to VEEV TC-83 results in both time-dependent and regional increases in brain inflammation, apoptosis, and hypoxia, as well as modest decreases in BBB integrity; however, it has no effect on brain glucose metabolism.
Impact of Malnutrition and Interventions on Patients Receiving Heart Transplant

Purpose The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of malnutrition on in-hospital outcomes in patients receiving a heart transplant, and if there is any benefit from acute nutritional intervention. Methods We analyzed data from the National Inpatient Sample from the years 2012 to 2015. Using appropriate ICD-9-CM codes, we screened for all patients age > 18 who received a heart transplant (n = 7,940) during the study period. Patients were then separated into two groups, those with a diagnosis of malnutrition (n = 1,515) and those without, who were deemed well nourished (n = 6,425). ICD-9-CM codes for sepsis, acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring dialysis, and mechanical circulatory support (MCS) of all types were used to further characterize patients. Stratified analysis was performed for malnourished patients who received nutritional supplementation. Results Malnourished patients had higher rates of in-hospital mortality (8.9% vs 5.3%), sepsis (31.0% vs 13.5%, p Conclusion This is the largest study assessing the impact of malnutrition on cardiac transplant recipients. Patients with a diagnosis of malnutrition who receive a heart transplant have significantly higher rates of in-hospital mortality, sepsis, AKI requiring dialysis, and need for MCS. Among patients who were malnourished, those who received nutritional supplementation had significantly lower rates of in-hospital mortality and sepsis. It may be reasonable to consider implementing additional screening and treatment for malnutrition in patients receiving a cardiac transplant.
Understanding Moderation in Online Mental Health Communities

Online Mental Health Communities (OMHCs) enable individuals to seek and provide support, and serve as a safe haven to disclose and share stigmatizing and sensitive experiences. Like other online communities, OMHCs are not immune to bad behavior and antisocial activities such as trolling, spamming, and harassment. Therefore, these communities are oftentimes guided by strict norms against such behavior, and moderated to ensure the quality and credibility of the content being shared. However, moderation within these communities is not only limited to ensuring content quality. It is far more complex—providing supportive spaces for disclosure, ensuring individuals’ privacy, etc.—because of the sensitive population that they cater to. By interviewing 19 moderators across 12 such OMHCs on Reddit, this paper studies the practices and structure of moderation in these communities to better understand their functioning and effectiveness. Our research questions primarily revolve around three major themes—moderation, support, and self-disclosure. We find practices of moderation hierarchy, and several distinctions in motivations and responsibilities of the moderators individually and as a group. We also notice that these communities predominantly encourage emotional support, and provide supportive spaces that encourage self-disclosure on stigmatized concerns. Our findings highlight the necessity of awareness corresponding to (currently lacking) privacy concerns, and raises the importance of the presence of mental health experts (counselors and psychiatrists) in these communities. On the basis of the insights drawn from this work, we discuss the implications and considerations for designing OMHCs.
A New Adaptive Logistic Model for Epidemics and the Resurgence of COVID-19 in the United States

The Adaptive Logistic Model (ALM) of epidemics incorporates the results of infection mitigation effects on the course of an epidemic, and well describes the histories of the COVID-19 epidemics in many countries, including the United States. In particular, it is much more successful than is a basic logistic model. However, in the U.S. these mitigation efforts have recently been relaxed in many places, resulting in the second peak in infections that started in late May of 2020. In this paper the ALM is modified to account for the relaxation of these mitigation effects, leading to the Adaptive Logistic Model 2 (ALM-2). The ALM-2 is then used to understand quantitatively the second peak of COVID-19 cases. The ALM-2 is also successfully applied to the data on deaths even though they do not yet show a second peak.
From waifus to whales: The evolution of discourse in a mobile game-based competitive community of practice:

Online communities devoted to mobile games represent exemplary examples of competitive communities of practice, leveraging the competing forces of cooperation and competition to foster in-group sol...
T-Type Modular Dc Circuit Breaker (T-Breaker) for Future Dc Networks

This paper introduces the principle, operation and topology family of the novel T-type Modular Dc Circuit Breaker (T-Breaker) system for future dc networks. The T-Breaker system has a modular structure, locally integrated energy storage, high tolerance to control signal mismatch during the fast network transients, and capability to assist power flow control, power quality improvement and stability enhancement. This is a paradigm shift from traditional solid-state circuit breakers (SSCBs) as the proposed T-Type Breaker not only protects against faults, but also can eventually function as an energy router with unparalleled ancillary functions for dc grids.
Using the ACT-R Cognitive Architecture in Combination With fMRI Data

In this chapter we discuss how the ACT-R cognitive architecture can be used in combination with fMRI data. ACT-R is a cognitive architecture that can provide a description of the processes from perception through to action for a wide range of cognitive tasks. It has a computational implementation that can be used to create models of specific tasks, which yield exact predictions in the form of response times and accuracy measures. In the last decade, researchers have extended the predictive capabilities of ACT-R to fMRI data. Since ACT-R provides a model of all the components in task performance it can address brain-wide activation patterns. fMRI data can now be used to inform and constrain the architecture, and, on the other hand, the architecture can be used to interpret fMRI data in a principled manner. In the following sections we first introduce cognitive architectures, and ACT-R in particular. Then, on the basis of an example dataset, we explain how ACT-R can be used to create fMRI predictions. In the third and fourth section of this chapter we discuss two ways in which these predictions can be used: region-of-interest and model-based fMRI analysis, and how the results can be used to inform the architecture and to interpret fMRI data.
Single switch dual output DC-DC converter control strategy

The authors present a development and control strategy for a single-switch dual-output DC-DC converter. The control strategy is based on discrete proportional feedback control. This control regulates two independent output voltages derived from a single DC voltage source using one power semiconductor switch. One output voltage, supplied from a low-pass filter, is regulated by controlling the duty cycle of the switch, while the other output voltage, supplied from a higher-frequency bandpass filter, is controlled by the switching frequency. The converter control is implemented around a 16-bit microcontroller and external-switching-element control logic. >
The role of coherent flow structures in the sensible heat fluxes of an Alaskan boreal forest

[1] Accelerations in the flow over forests generate coherent structures which locally enhance updrafts and downdrafts, forcing rapid exchanges of energy and matter. Here, observations of the turbulent flow are made in a highly heterogeneous black spruce boreal forest in Fairbanks, Alaska at ~2.6 h (12 m) and ~0.6 h (3 m), where h is the mean canopy height of 4.7 m. Wavelet analysis is used to detect coherent structures. The sonic temperature and wind data cover 864 half-hour periods spanning winter, spring, and summer. When mean global statistics of structures are analyzed at the two levels independently, results are similar to other studies. Specifically, an average of eight structures occurs per period, their mean duration is 85 s, and their mean heat flux contribution is 48%. However, this analysis suggests that 31% of the structures detected at 2.6 h, and 13% at 0.6 h, may be influenced by wave-like flow organization. Remarkably, less than 25% of the structures detected occur synchronously in the subcanopy and above canopy levels, which speaks robustly to the lack of flow interaction within only nine vertical meters of the forest.
When the Lights Go Out: How To Deal When the Catalog Is Down.

Abstract Every library faces the possibility that the online catalog might become unavailable. When this happens patrons still expect to be able to locate material. A number of different solutions are presented to help librarians assist users when the catalog is not working. Although there is no perfect substitute for the online catalog, there are a number of other methods that can be used. Those presented include using WorldCat, calling on other libraries and using various reference sources.
A Homomorphic Deconvolution Technique for Improved Ultrasonic Imaging of Thin Composite Laminates

Advanced composites, particularly high modulus laminates, are often susceptible to transverse impact loading. The major damage introduced due to low velocity impact includes matrix cracking, fiber break and delaminations. Such flaws tend to reduce residual strength of the material and may cause structural failure when the material is subjected to higher operating loads [1,2]. Unfortunately, such a damage cannot be observed on the surface until failure; hence, structural integrity should be assessed by nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods at the earliest possible stage.
Managing Legal Texts in Requirements Engineering

Laws and regulations are playing an increasingly important role in requirements engineering and systems development. Monitoring systems for requirements and policy compliance has been recognized in the requirements engineering community as a key area for research. Similarly, legal compliance is critical in systems development, especially given that non-compliance can result in both financial and criminal penalties. Working with legal texts can be very challenging, however, because they contain numerous ambiguities, cross-references, domain-specific definitions, and acronyms, and are frequently amended via new statutes, regulations, and case law. Requirements engineers and compliance auditors must be able to identify relevant legal texts, extract requirements and other key concepts, and monitor compliance. This chapter surveys research efforts over the past 50 years in handling legal texts for systems development. This survey can aid requirements engineers and auditors to better specify, test, and monitor systems for compliance.
Performance analysis of an institutional natural gas vanpool program using GIS technology

Summary form only given. The authors describe how the University of Pittsburgh, USA, offers a Natural Gas Vanpool (NGV) program to individuals who commute to the University. The current system has 20 fifteen-passenger natural gas vans, operating in 17 areas and serving more than 200 passengers. Vanpooling is an organized ridership arrangement that uses vans to transport people from their home to place of employment on a regular basis. Natural gas is an alternative fuel that is considered environmentally friendly, cost-effective, reliable, and is abundantly available inside the USA. The combination of natural gas and vanpooling can be the answer to several contemporary problems such as air pollution, traffic congestion, fuel dependency, high parking demand and energy consumption.
Teaching electrical safety in engineering (or how to avoid electrocution)

Perhaps the most dangerous, life threatening situations are those that are invisible, and emit no warning signs; yet we live and work around these every day. In many engineering programs, this subject is assumed to be "covered somewhere", or at least understood based on covered theory. Unfortunately, this is not the case. Through surveying many engineering seniors and graduate students on topics in electrical safety, it was found that most have little to no knowledge of a relatively simple, but extremely important topic, i.e., electrical safety. This is especially true in disciplines other than electrical engineering, e.g., mechanical, civil, industrial, etc. There is a basic set of life saving questions that everyone (even nonengineers) should be able to answer, both theoretically and practically. The purpose of this paper is to answer some key questions, present some theory, and introduce some practical interactive demos that teachers can use in their class to drive home this most important aspect of electrical safety.
Acute retinal necrosis neuropathy: clinical profile and surgical therapy

• Twelve patients (17 eyes) with the acute retinal necrosis syndrome were analyzed with special reference to the development of an acute optic neuropathy. Six patients (9 eyes) without acute optic nerve involvement were treated with intravenous acyclovir sodium and/or vitreoretinal surgery (group 1). Six patients (8 eyes) fulfilling absolute and relative criteria for acute retinal necrosis optic neuropathy were treated with intravenous acyclovir as well as optic nerve sheath decompression, and, in addition, some of these patients also underwent vitreoretinal surgery. Despite more pronounced initial visual loss compared with group 1, six eyes in group 2 regained visual acuity of 20/400 or better. In contrast, only 2 of 9 eyes in group 1 maintained their entry level visual acuity, and the visual acuities of the remaining 7 eyes deteriorated to counting fingers or worse. Therefore, the acute optic neuropathy complicating the acute retinal necrosis syndrome appears to benefit from prompt recognition and surgical decompression of the intraorbital optic nerve meninges in conjunction with intravenous acyclovir.
An economic decision tool for calculating costs and benefits of air treatment technologies to manage odor and gases from animal feeding operations

Abstract. AIR_QUALITY_ECON.XLSM is a spreadsheet decision tool developed to assist animal feeding operation owners and managers calculate costs and benefits of installing five technologies to mitigate odor and gas emissions from their facilities. Tool development was recommended by stakeholders for an integrated USDA-NIFA project. The tool can be downloaded from the web and used to analyze the costs and benefits of: biofilters, manure storage covers, vegetative environmental buffers, scrubbers and manure belts in layer barns. A link is also provided to a separate economic spreadsheet on anaerobic digesters. Biofilters and scrubbers are technologies that reduce odor, gas and particulate matter emissions from mechanically ventilated animal housing and manure storage units. Covers, whether permeable or impermeable, reduce odor and gas emissions from manure storage units. Manure belts in egg layer houses can remove manure and dry the manure to reduce ammonia generation. Vegetative environmental buffers can be used with any operation where visual appearance and odor are concerns. A number of possible benefits from reduced odors and emissions are included in the tool. Not all of the benefits apply to every operation. The foremost benefit of air quality mitigation may be that a new facility or expansion is built and generates income versus being blocked because of odor concerns among nearby neighbors and communities. Other potential benefits include allowing future development, shorter driveways and utility lines and less interference with crop machinery if a facility can be located in the corner rather than in the interior of the property.
Lattice-BGK approach to simulating granular flows

Many continuum theories for granular flow produce an equation of motion for the fluctuating kinetic energy density (“granular temperature”) that accounts for the energy lost in inelastic collisions. Apart from the presence of an extra dissipative term, this equation is very similar in form to the usual temperature equation in hydrodynamics. It is shown how a lattice-kinetic model based on the Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (BGK) equation that was previously derived for a miscible two-component fluid may be modified to model the continuum equations for granular flow. This is done by noting that the variable corresponding to the concentration of one species follows an equation that is essentially analogous to the granular temperature equation. A simulation of an unforced granular fluid using the modified model reproduces the phenomenon of “clustering instability,” namely the spontaneous agglomeration of particles into dense clusters, which occurs generically in all granular flows. The success of the continuum theory in capturing the gross features of this basic phenomenon is discussed. Some shear flow simulations are also presented.
Urbanization and New Housing Construction in the Soviet Union

at a rapid pace during the past four decades. When the Soviet Government took its own first census-in 1926-the results showed that 82 per cent of the population still lived in rural areas. A perceptible movement of people from the villages toward the cities had been underway in Russia for some time, namely since the process of industrialization began during the 1880s. However, the full effect of this movement was not reflected in the population record before the end of the fourth decade of the present century. By the time of the 1939 census, one third of Russia's population had become city dwellers.
COMPARISON OF TWO INSTRUMENTAL METHODS WITH SENSORY TEXTURE OF PROTEIN GELS

The textural attributes of 8 different heat-induced protein gel preparations evaluated by torsion failure testing and Instron texture profile analysis (TPA) were compared to sensory ratings by a trained texture profile panel. The gels presented a wide range of textural properties as determined by the instrumental and sensory parameters. Among the instrumental parameters, true shear strain at failure was the most frequent and significant predictor of sensory notes. Initial shear modulus and 50% compression force had the poorest correlations with sensory notes. Comparison of the two instrumental tests produced high correlations between shear stress at failure and TPA hardness; true shear strain at failure and TPA cohesiveness; and, initial shear modulus and 50% compression force. High correlations were also observed among various panel notes. Canonical correlation analyses showed that sets of linear combinations of parameters from each one of the 3 tests (torsion, TPA or sensory) were highly correlated to sets from either of the other two. Regression equations relating each of the instrumental tests to sensory notes were developed. Of the torsion failure parameters, the logarithm of true shear strain most commonly appeared in the equations. Of the TPA parameters, cohesiveness and its logarithm were the terms that were most frequent. High R2 values were obtained for regression equations developed for predicting torsion failure parameters based on TPA parameters.
Jet flow polishing of semiconductor wafers

Abstract A process for chemical polishing of an unlapped semiconductor wafer of any crystallographic orientation of a diameter from 3 up to 6 inches is described. This process makes use of the laminar flow of a hot, chemical etchant. The temperature of the solution is in the range of 30 to 80°C. The increased energy provided by the high temperature of the etchant expedites oxidation of the semiconductor surface, and the mechanical force provided by the laminar flow of the etchant (with a velocity of 3 to 10 m/s) removes the oxidized surface species due to the tangential nature of the force. GaAs wafer can be polished to have smoothness better than ± 0.01 μ m per centimeter. Polycrystalline material can also be polished to the same quality. Advantageously, the polishing can be done without creating subsurfaces, i.e. a network of defects beneath the surface of the wafer.