cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Subcellular localization of CD66, CD67, and NCA in human neutrophils

CD66 and CD67 are granulocyte-specific activation antigens; their surface expression is up-regulated when neutrophils are activated. CD66 antibodies recognize an approximately 180-kd neutrophil surface protein that is also recognized by anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) antibodies and is therefore a nonspecific cross-reacting antigen (NCA). CD67 antibodies recognize an approximately 100-kd neutrophil surface protein that is attached to the membrane via a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol anchor. To identify an intracellular pool from which CD66 and CD67 could be up-regulated, the subcellular distribution of proteins recognized by CD66 and CD67 monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal anti-CEA was studied. Neutrophil plasma membranes, granules, and cytoplasm were prepared by nitrogen cavitation and differential centrifugation and then analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. Most of the 180-kd protein recognized by CD66 antibodies and the 100-kd protein recognized by CD67 antibodies were located in the secondary granule fraction, with lesser amounts detectable in the plasma membrane fraction. Several NCA species ranging from approximately 40 to 200 kd were identified, and the distribution of these NCAs was different in the primary granules, secondary granules, and plasma membrane fractions. The major NCAs in the plasma membrane fraction were of approximately 95 to 100 and approximately 180 to 200 kd; the secondary granule fraction contained major NCAs of approximately 42, 85, 95 to 100, and 180 to 200 kd. NCAs were also detected in the primary granule fraction, the most prominent being of approximately 90-100 kd; no NCA of approximately 180 to 200 kd was detected in the primary granules. The presence of CD66, CD67, and NCAs in the secondary granules suggests secondary granules as a likely source from which these antigens could be recruited to the cell surface with activation. The potential role for NCAs in the primary granules is unknown.
The Effect of Extracellular Matrix Proteins on Porcine Smooth Muscle Cell Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) Binding Protein-5 Synthesis and Responsiveness to IGF-I

The aim of this study was to determine if cultured porcine vascular smooth muscle cells (pSMCs) that had been maintained on different extracellular matrix proteins had an alteration in their expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) and their responsiveness to insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). When pSMCs were plated on fibronectin, they synthesized 6.0 +/- 1.2-fold more IGFBP-5 than did cells maintained on laminin and type IV collagen. IGF-I increased IGFBP-5 gene expression 3-fold in the cells plated on fibronectin. The addition of an RGD peptide and echistatin to pSMC cultures that had been plated on fibronectin inhibited IGFBP-5 mRNA expression. The addition of an antibody against alpha2beta1 integrin partially reversed the inhibitory effects of laminin and type IV collagen on IGFBP-5 expression. Cells maintained on fibronectin had a 5.0 +/- 1.1-fold greater DNA synthesis response to IGF-I compared with those maintained on laminin/type IV collagen, and echistatin significantly inhibited the DNA synthesis response of the fibronectin-maintained cells to IGF-I. The anti-alpha2beta1 antibody partially reversed the inhibitory effect of laminin and type IV collagen on IGF-I-stimulated DNA synthesis. The addition of IGFBP-5 to cultures plated on laminin and type IV collagen significantly increased their response to IGF-I. Atherosclerotic plaques from pig aorta contained abundant fibronectin and had increased IGFBP-5 mRNA (4.5 +/- 1.5-fold) compared with tissue from the normal vessel wall that had a low fibronectin content. These results indicate that fibronectin, laminin, and type IV collagen have major effects on IGFBP-5 expression and on IGF-I-stimulated pSMC responses and that these effects are mediated by their respective integrins.
Integration-communications training for improving productivity and conflict resolution strategies among culture and language diverse construction sites

This article quantifies the effect of communication and conflict on the performance of construction crews with Hispanic workers. Sixty-nine Hispanic and US construction workers completed a test measuring the frequency, type, and resolution of conflict. Conflict theory is used to explain how multicultural construction crews are impacted in terms of workers’ productivity, safety, and quality of work. The results show that greater friction on the jobsite produces negative effects on various aspects of construction work. Language barriers were identified as the most frequent reason for conflict. Communications training was tested using an integration approach in which Hispanic labourers and US workers learned from each other. Such training substantially increased construction language knowledge and alleviated many conflicts on the jobsite.
How Mobility Models Affect the Design of Network Coding Schemes for Disruption Tolerant Networks

Mobile nodes in some challenging network scenarios suffer from intermittent connectivity and frequent partitions e.g. battlefield and disaster recovery scenarios. Disruption Tolerant Network (DTN) technologies are designed to enable nodes in such environments to communicate with one another. Recently, network coding schemes for DTN has been proposed. However, these schemes work well only in scenarios with homogeneous mobility models. In this paper, we propose an efficient context-aware network coding (CANCO) scheme for DTNs that achieves higher delivery ratio than the existing published network coding schemes in networks where nodes move according to non-homogeneous mobility models. We also show that our scheme delivers 300% more messages with higher data efficiency than a MORE-like scheme because our scheme does not suffer from the stop-and-wait feature in the MORE protocol.
Compact physical models for multilevel interconnect crosstalk in gigascale integration (GSI)

For the first time, compact physical models are derived for crosstalk noise of coplanar resistance-inductance-capacitance lines in a gigascale integration (GSI) chip that simultaneously consider far and near aggressors in both the same metal level and distant metal levels. Since both the amplitude and duration of noise are important, the noise voltage-time integral can be defined as a figure-of-merit for crosstalk, and it is shown that this integral attains its maximum at the length at which the interconnect resistance becomes equal to twice the characteristic impedance. It is also shown that crosstalk can be prohibitively large if interconnects have small resistances. There is, therefore, a tradeoff between interconnect latency and crosstalk. The compact models are finally used to calculate the crosstalk noise voltage for the case that wire width is optimized by simultaneously maximizing data flux density and minimizing latency. It has been proven that by utilizing the optimal wire width for signal interconnects and twice of that for power and ground lines, the worst case peak crosstalk noise voltage becomes smaller than 0.25 V/sub dd/ for all generations of technology.
Polygon Offsetting by Computing Winding Numbers

In this paper we present a simple new algorithm to offset multiple, non-overlapping polygons with arbitrary holes that makes use of winding numbers. Our algorithm constructs an intermediate “raw offset curve” as input to the tessellator routines in the OpenGL Utility library (GLU), which calculates the winding number for each connected region. By construction, the invalid loops of our raw offset curve bound areas with non-positive winding numbers and thus can be removed by using the positive winding rule implemented in the GLU tessellator. The proposed algorithm takes O((n + k)logn) time and O(n + k) space, where n is the number of vertices in the input polygon and k is the number of self-intersections in the raw offset curve. The implementation is extremely simple and reliably produces correct and logically consistent results.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
SAR interferometry and surface change detection: Workshop held

Recent events have brought synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry into vogue—at least in some sectors of the geophysical science community. For one thing, the image of coseismic displacement associated with the Landers earthquake, recently published in Nature [Massonnet et al., 1993], coupled with the recent disastrous Northridge earthquake of January 17,1994, has created interest in the Earth science community about SAR interferometry. In particular, there is widespread appreciation that this technique can make a significant contribution to earthquake studies in California and other technically active regions. Similarly, a recent demonstration that ice stream velocity could be measured directly from space without ground control points using SAR interferometry [Goldstein et al., 1993] has caught the attention of the polar science community. However, many scientists are not familiar with SAR interferometry, and the strengths and limitations of the technique need to be explored.
Asymmetric Surface Plasmon Polariton Emission by a Dipole Emitter Near a Metal Surface

We show that the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) radiation patterns of point-dipole emitters in the vicinity of a metal-dielectric interface are generally asymmetric with respect to the location of the emitter. In particular rotating dipoles, which emit elliptically polarized light, produce highly asymmetric SPP radiation fields that include unidirectional emission. Asymmetric SPP radiation patterns also result when a dipole oscillates tilted with respect to the plane of the interface and optical losses or gains are present in the materials. These effects can be used to directionally control SPP emission and absorption, as well as to study emission and scattering processes close to metal-dielectric interfaces. Possible implementations of asymmetrically emitting SPP sources are discussed.
Emotions in context: pictorial influences on affective attributions.

The visual illusion Terror Subterra, by Roger Shepard (1990), depicts a seemingly large creature chasing another in a tunnel, yet both creatures are physically identical. In addition to this visual illusion, the two creatures also appear to exhibit different emotions, as the background creature (the pursuer) appears angry whereas the foreground creature (the pursued) appears fearful. We explored this context effect by first establishing the magnitude of the emotional bias effect. We then modified the original drawing in various ways, such as equating for perceived size, removing one creature from the scene, and removing the pictorial context altogether. Findings suggest that the emotional bias is due to the pictorial setting and to the perceived social–emotional relationship between the two creatures. These results highlight the importance of both perceptual and social–emotional influences in driving affective attributions.
BLADDER Aδ AFFERENT NERVE ACTIVITY IN NORMAL CATS AND CATS WITH FELINE INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS

ABSTRACTPurpose:: Symptoms associated with interstitial cystitis (IC) (urinary frequency, urgency and pain) resemble those in cats diagnosed with feline IC (FIC). Patients with IC also show enhanced sensitivity to intravesical application of KCl solution. In the current study we compared the effect of bladder distention and intravesical infusion of KCl solution on Aδ bladder afferent nerve activity in normal and FIC cats.Materials and Methods:: Cats were anesthetized with α-chloralose (60 to 70 mg/kg intravenously). Single and multiunit afferent nerve activity was recorded with platinum electrodes from fibers dissected from the transected pelvic nerve. Bladder Aδ afferents were activated by bladder distention at constant pressures (5 to 80 cm H2O) by infusing saline or KCl solution (80 to 300 mM).Results:: Increasing bladder pressure by saline infusion over a range of constant pressures (5 to 80 cm H2O) increased afferent firing in normal and FIC cats. However, the slope of the pressure-firing curve was s...
Generalizing Dubins Curves: Minimum-time Sequences of Body-fixed Rotations and Translations in the Plane

In this paper we present the minimum-time sequences of rotations and translations that connect two configurations of a rigid body in the plane. The configuration of the body is its position and orientation, given by (x , y, I¸ ) coordinates, and the rotations and translations are velocities (x , y, I¸ ) that are constant in the frame of the robot. There are no obstacles in the plane. We completely describe the structure of the fastest trajectories, and present a polynomial-time algorithm that, given a set of rotation and translation controls, enumerates a finite set of structures of optimal trajectories. These trajectories are a generalization of the well-known Dubins and ReedsâShepp curves, which describe the shortest paths for steered cars in the plane.
Escaping the Veil of Maya: Wisdom and the Organization

Though frequently considered desolate and distressing the philosophy of Arthur Schopenhauer provides a surprisingly appropriate framework through which to view the organization in order to investigate the existence of wisdom and how organizational wisdom can be achieved. This paper extends Schopenhauer's work so that it can be applied to current investigations related to wisdom creation, extraction and retention. Schopenhauer's work provides a platform upon which ramifications of wisdom creation and its effect on the organization can be assessed.
Quality circle programmes: Volunteering for participation

Discriminant analysis was used to develop a profile of a typical Quality Circle Programme participant. Selected demographic, attitudinal, and behavioural characteristics were evaluated. Six characteristics significantly differentiated quality circle members from non-members, including educational level, tenure, job satisfaction, consideration, performance, and absenteeism. A profile of the typical circle member is described, and interpretations of the discriminant analysis are discussed.
Systematic spatial mapping of proteins at exocytic and endocytic structures

Vesicular secretion (exocytosis) involves the release and then compensatory recycling of vesicle components through endocytosis. This fundamental cellular process is controlled by the coordinated assembly and interactions of dozens of proteins at the plasma membrane. Understanding the molecular composition of individual exocytic and endocytic structures and their organization across the plasma membrane is critical to understanding the behavior and regulation of these two cellular processes. Here we develop a high-resolution and high-throughput fluorescence imaging-based approach for the unbiased mapping of 78 proteins at single exocytic vesicles and endocytic structures in neuroendocrine PC12 cells. This analysis uses two-color single-frame images to provide a systems-level map of the steady-state distributions of proteins at individual exocytic and endocytic structures in the cell. Along with this quantitative map, we find that both calcium-regulated exocytic vesicles (dense core vesicles) and endocytic structures (clathrin-coated structures) and the proteins associated with these structures exhibit a random spatial distribution in unstimulated neuroendocrine PC12 cells. This approach is broadly applicable for quantitatively mapping the molecular composition and spatial organization of discrete cellular processes with central molecular hubs.
Differences in acute response to alcohol between African Americans and European Americans.

Background Response to alcohol is a widely studied risk factor and potential endophenotype for alcohol use disorders. Research on African American response to alcohol has been limited despite large differences in alcohol use between African Americans and European Americans. Extending our previous work on the African American portion of this sample, the current study examined differences in acute subjective response to alcohol between African Americans and European Americans. Additionally, we tested whether the association between response to alcohol and past month drinking behavior and alcohol-related problems differed across race. Methods One hundred and seventy-eight participants (mean age = 21.87, SD = 1.23; 57% African American) who were moderate to heavy social drinkers completed an alcohol administration study in a laboratory setting, receiving a moderate dose of alcohol (0.72 g/kg alcohol for men, 0.65 g/kg for women). Acute alcohol response was measured at 8 time points (i.e., baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, and 150 minutes). Results Latent growth curve models showed that African Americans experienced sharper increases in stimulation on the ascending limb compared to European Americans. African American women experienced sharper increases in sedation on the ascending limb compared to European American women. Change in sedation on the ascending limb was associated with past month drinking behavior. Stimulation on the ascending limb was related to alcohol problems for African Americans but not European Americans. Conclusions We found differences in response to alcohol across racial groups: African Americans showed a stronger response to alcohol. Future studies are needed to incorporate response to alcohol into a larger model of African American alcohol use.
Symposium Integrating Evidence-Based Medicine into Clinical Practice

Evidence-based medicine represents the combination of the best available clinical research evidence with clinical experience and expertise and the needs and expectations of patients. Evidence-based medicine as a concept has been available for years, but it has become increasingly important over the last decade. Some evidence has suggested that it began as early as the ancient Chinese medicine practices, while other evidence has indicated its origins were in postrevolutionary France with the systematic patient observations of Pierre Louis1. Gordon Guyatt led a group at McMaster University in the early 1990s that introduced many of the current concepts of evidence-based medicine. This led to a major increase in interest in the area. One paper had been published in the literature in 1992, but by 1998 over a thousand manuscripts had been published in the field1. Evidence-based medicine utilizes the best available research evidence. In the hierarchy of medical evidence, systematic reviews including meta-analyses represent the highest form of evidence if inclusion is limited to Level-I or II studies (Table I). Systematic reviews of Level-III or IV observational studies can be performed, but they represent Level-III or IV evidence. Frequently, in orthopaedics, systematic reviews or meta-analyses may not be available and clinicians may need to rely upon randomized controlled trials, cohorts, case-control studies, case series, or, in some areas, expert opinion. Orthopaedists may not yet recognize this hierarchy. During the 2005 Annual Meeting of the American Orthopaedic Association (AOA), the audience was asked the question: “Findings from which type of study design are most likely to influence your clinical practice?” The responses indicated that a randomized controlled study design was used by 49%; a systematic review and/or meta-analysis of Level-I studies, by 44%; expert opinion, by 5%; and case series, by 3%. View this table: TABLE I Medical Evidence Hierarchy At a symposium …
Diffusional limitations of immobilized Escherichia coli in hollow-fiber reactors : influence on 31P NMR spectroscopy

Escherichia coli cells were immobilized and grown in hollow-fiber reactors allowing simultaneous NMR spectroscopy and perfusion with nutrient medium. The extent to which the cells were starved due to inadequate mass transfer was predicted using a mathematical model of reaction and diffusion. Reactors were experimentally characterized using 35S autoradiography to visualize spatial variations in protein synthesis rates and transmission electron microscopy to indicate spatial variations in cell morphology. Mass transfer limitations in reactors operated at 37 °C were shown to be severe, with regions of starved cells occupying up to 80% of the cell-containing region. Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of the immobilized, perfused cells revealed abnormally low volume-averaged concentrations of sugar phosphates, NTP, and ratios of NTP/NDP in these reactors. Intracellular pH was also depressed in the cells. In order to overcome mass transfer limitations in the cell layer, the reactor growth temperature was decreased. Sulfur-35 autoradiographs of a reactor operated at 16°C did not indicate the presence of starved cells. The NMR spectra obtained from this reactor showed near-normal intracellular pH, metabolite concentrations, and NTP/NDP ratios. The presence of significant mass transfer limitations in a perfused cell sample during NMR spectroscopy is generally undesirable since the resulting spectra can be ambiguous and difficult to interpret. The strategy adopted in this work, namely estimation of the relative rates of reaction and diffusion in the cell mass and appropriate changes in reactor design and operating parameters, should prove generally applicable for the design of perfused cell samples for NMR spectroscopic experiments.
Manipulating the abundance of natural enemies in ornamental landscapes with floral resource plants

Abstract We manipulated densities of floral resource plants to test the hypothesis that natural enemies would be more abundant in artificial ornamental landscapes that contained high densities of floral resource plants than in landscapes without these plants. We established an experimental landscape consisting of 3 × 3 m plots that contained a central bed of Euonymus fortunei (Turcz.) and either a low or high density of four species of perennial flowering plants, or no flowering plants. The cultivars of perennials, Trifolium repens L., Euphorbia epithymoides L., Coreopsis verticillata L. var. ‘Moonbeam,’ and Solidago canadensis L. var. ‘Golden Baby,’ were chosen because their staggered bloom periods would provide nectar and pollen for natural enemies throughout the summer months. We used yellow sticky cards and a vacuum sampler to collect arthropods from experimental plots in 2000 to 2003. Natural enemies in general, and spiders and parasitic wasps specifically, were usually most abundant in euonymus beds surrounded by flowering plants. The number of parasitic wasps and total natural enemies on sticky cards was positively correlated with biomass of E. epithymoides within plots, and that of all flowering plants combined. Removal of inflorescences from plants in a subset of study plots did not affect patterns of natural enemy abundance or dispersion of natural enemies within the landscape, suggesting that vegetative characteristics of plants, rather than flowers, influenced the abundance of natural enemies. We conclude from these findings that the presence of floral resource plants in landscapes enhances the abundance of natural enemies.
The NMR structure of dematin headpiece reveals a dynamic loop that is conformationally altered upon phosphorylation at a distal site

Abstract Dematin (band 4.9) is found in the junctional complex of the spectrin cytoskeleton that supports the erythrocyte cell membrane. Dematin is a member of the larger class of cytoskeleton-associated proteins that contain a modular “headpiece” domain at their extreme C termini. The dematin headpiece domain provides the second F-actin-binding site required for in vitro F-actin bundling. The dematin headpiece is found in two forms in the cell, one of 68 residues (DHP) and one containing a 22-amino acid insert near its N terminus (DHP+22). In addition, dematin contains the only headpiece domain that is phosphorylated, in vivo. The 22-amino acid insert in DHP+22 appeared unstructured in NMR spectra; therefore, we have determined the three-dimensional structure of DHP by multidimensional NMR methods. Although the overall three-dimensional structure of DHP is similar to that of the villin headpiece, there are two novel characteristics revealed by this structure. First, unlike villin headpiece that contains a single buried salt bridge, DHP contains a buried charged cluster comprising residues Glu39, Arg66, Lys70, and the C-terminal carboxylate of Phe76. Second, 15N relaxation experiments indicate that the longer “variable loop” region near the N terminus of DHP (residues 20–29) is dynamic, undergoing significantly greater motions that the rest of the structure. Furthermore, NMR chemical shift changes indicate that the conformation of the dynamic variable loop is altered by phosphorylation of serine 74, which is far in the sequence from the variable loop region. Our results suggest that phosphorylation of the dematin headpiece acts as a conformational switch within this headpiece domain.
Melatonin suppression of mammary growth in heifers.

The objective of this study was to determine if melatonin fed in the middle of a long day (l6L:8D) reduces mammary parenchymal growth and reduces serum prolactin in prepubertal heifers, thereby mimicking the effects of a short photoperiod. Sixteen prepubertal Holstein heifers were maintained under natural May to August environmental conditions of Michigan plus supplemental lighting to provide a photoperiod of l6L:8D (lights-on 0600-2200 h). At the midpoint of each day, 8 animals were individually fed melatonin (4 mg/100 kg body weight) and 8 were individually fed vehicle (95% ethanol) in 200 g of a grain concentrate mixture. Blood samples were collected at 1-h intervals for 25 h beginning on Day 67. On Day 70 or 72 heifers were slaughtered. No differences were found in body weight gain between melatonin- and vehicle-fed animals. Parenchyma of mammary glands from melatonin-fed heifers had a lower content (24%) and concentration (17%) of deoxyribonucleic acid but a greater concentration of triglyceride (24%) than that of controls. Mean serum prolactin concentration was 27% lower in melatonin-fed animals. In both groups, serum concentrations of prolactin varied throughout the day, with greatest values occurring between 1100 and 1800 h in positive association with changes in ambient temperature. We conclude that melatonin orally administered to prepubertal heifers reduced mammary parenchymal growth and concentration of prolactln in serum. The data support the hypothesis that melatonin mimicks photoperiodic effects on mammary growth and prolactin secretion in cattle.
From Patristics to Late Antiquity at The Catholic Historical Review

Since The Catholic Historical Review , founded to focus on North American Catholic history, has published few articles on early Christianity, this essay focuses mainly on the book reviews published. Since 1915, there have been major shifts in the historiography of late antiquity and late-ancient Christianity. More recent interest in social and cultural history has strongly influenced the creation of new areas of scholarship.
Molar development in the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus)

Odontogenesis was studied in the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) molar from the dental lamina stage of development to the appositional stage. Fertilization, determined by vaginal lavage technique, was counted as day 0. Prior to the eighteenth post-coital day no dental primordia could be detected. Beginning on day 18, pregnant females were sacrificed and the fetuses were decapitated. The heads were frozen and sectioned in a cryostat. The tissue was stained, dehydrated, cleared, and covered. Light microscopy was utilized in evaluating molar odontogenesis. Odontogenesis of the molar began at the dental lamina stage on day 18 followed by the bud stage on day 19 prenatal. The cap stage of development was observed on day 19 or 20. Development of the bell stage was noted on day 22. By the fourth postnatal day, the first molar had reached the appositional stage of development. Development of molars in the gerbil resembles that in other rodents.
Atrial Fibrillation and Supraventricular Tachycardias

Atrial fibrillation (AF) can cause significant symptoms and diminished quality of life, but, more importantly, is associated with increased risks of stroke, congestive heart failure, and mortality. It is the most common arrhythmia, and its prevalence continues to increase. Its prevalence in 2005 was 3.03 million and is projected to rise to 7.56 million by 2050. Already AF accounts for 350,000 annual hospitalizations and $6.65 billion dollars in annual healthcare costs in the United States. The medical management of atrial fibrillation can be challenging and needs to encompass evaluation and treatment of underlying causes, thromboembolic prophylaxis, and decision-making regarding rate or rhythm control.
Velocity and Temperature in Buoyant Jet

Laboratory studies of turbulence in surface buoyant jets were made using hot film anemometers. Results showed considerable turbulence was generated in the jets. Comparisons are presented for temperature and velocity fluctuations in surface jets for a range of Reynolds numbers and densimetric Froude numbers. Difficulties in using hot film anemometers in salt water are described, together with methods to minimize some of the difficulties. Effects of large scale surface eddies generated between jet and tank walls are described, together with experimental results that show surface tension to be unimportant in the tests.
Molecular impact of omega 3 fatty acids on lipopolysaccharide-mediated liver damage

Abstract Background Growing evidence suggests that omega 3 fatty acid containing lipid emulsions have a beneficial effect on parenteral nutrition associated liver disease (PNALD). However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for this effect are unclear. In this study, we investigated whether Omegaven™ fish oil emulsion could inhibit lipopolysaccharidase (LPS) mediated liver damage. Methods We examined the effects of Omegaven™ and LPS alone and synergistically on hepatic paraoxonase 1 (PON1), a potent antioxidant protein, ERK1/2 activity, and TLR4 regulation. Results LPS did not alter PON1 release from HepG2 cells but did significantly decrease PON1 protein synthesis (44%, P Conclusion Omegaven™ may be beneficial in patients with PNAC because of its ability to reverse LPS-mediated inhibition of antioxidant promoting PON1 expression, and this activity may be in part mediated by the ERK1/2 pathway.
A Differential Equation with Non-Unique Solutions

(1963). A Differential Equation with Non-Unique Solutions. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 70, No. 3, pp. 255-259.
Evaluating the NIH Library Editing Service: Pilot Study Used to Analyze Service Impact

Evidence-based librarianship drives initiatives and priorities in today’s research centers. To evaluate the effectiveness of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Library’s Editing Service, librarians conducted a pilot study comparing edited manuscripts with the published versions. Using a random number generator, five published journal articles were chosen for evaluation from a pool of NIH manuscripts (n = 147) edited between January 2008 and February 2012. A rubric delineating categories of frequently checked writing elements was used to facilitate quantitative analysis. Findings showed that 84 percent of editors’ suggestions were accepted for three of the published papers that were submitted to the originally intended journal.
Phase Retrieval using Nonlinear Diversity

We extend the Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm to a nonlinear optical system. We experimentally demonstrate the technique by reconstructing an input phase distribution from two output intensity measurements taken at different values of the nonlinearity.
Treatment of Bleeding in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia With Aminocaproic Acid

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Rendu-Osler-Weber disease) is characterized by telangiectatic lesions of the nose, lips, and visceral organs including the liver, spleen, gastrointestinal tract, lungs, brain, and spinal cord1–5. It is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. Its most common manifestations are recurrent epistaxis and gastrointestinal bleeding, which can be life threatening6. Nasal bleeding has been treated by dermatoplasty of the nasal septa, photocoagulation, and amniotic-membrane grafts6,7 and by the administration of estrogen and progesterone,8,9 but these treatments are often ineffective. Aminocaproic acid is a potent inhibitor of the fibrinolytic system. In low doses it blocks . . .
The Conflict and Coordination between the Copyright and the Privacy Right under Network Circumstance

With copyright technological protection measure on internet being carried out, especially through copyright management system,copyright owners can control personal making use of works.It's possible that copyright owners take into privacy space so that copyright and privacy right make conflicts.The way to solve the problem is to try to make a balance between copyright owners and privacy owners in legislation.
Controlling Factors and Accumulation Model of Hydrocarbon Accumulation of the Fuyang Oil Units in Sanzhao Region of the Songliao Basin

In order to further clarify the role of different geological conditions in hydrocarbon accumulation process,we researched the main controlling factors of hydrocarbon accumulation of Fuyang Formation in Sanzhao depression based on the angle of diverse geological conditions and their relation in space-time.The result showed that the bound,distance and layer of hydrocarbon migrated downward were controlled by effective expulsion range of K_1qn1 source rock,overpressure and T_2 fault assemblage.The direction,pathway and distance of the migrated oil were controlled by palaeostructure and the relationship between T_2 fault and reservoir.Vertical and lateral distribution of oil and gas were controlled by the factors of base level,sedimentary microfacies and recent tectonic.Based on those mentioned above coupled with structural history,oil sources conditions,sedimentary microfacies,four kinds of hydrocarbon accumulation models were summarized,they are,(a)inside source-upper source rock-lower reservoir model,(b)near source-short distance lateral migration-fault screened in slope zone model,(c)outside source-long distance lateral migration-inherited tectonic uplift zone model and (d)ulti-source-multi-lateral migration model.
Abstract 440: Activation of Hepatic CREBH-Insig-2a Signaling in the Triglyceride-Lowering Mechanism of R-Alpha-Lipoic Acid

Activation of the sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs), a step regulated by a cluster of ER-resident proteins, Insig-1, Insig-2 and SCAP, is rate limiting in hepatic de novo lipogenesis. We previously reported that feeding R-alpha-lipoic acid (LA) to ZDF (fa/fa) rats improves severe hypertriglyceridemia and lowers abdominal fat mass by inhibiting expression of genes involved in hepatic long-chain fatty acids and triacylglycerol syntheses. In this study, we characterized a novel mechanism of action of LA that explains its triacylglycerol lowering properties. Dietary LA activates liver specific transcription factor cAMP responsive element binding protein H (CREBH), which in turn enhances transcription and translation of Insig-1 and Insig-2. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay demonstrated interaction between CREBH and the promoter of Insig-2 but not Insig-1. The increased abundance of Insig-1 and Insig-2 proteins contributes to sequester SREBP-1c and SREBP-2 in the ER and prevents their translocation to the Golgi apparatus where they would become activated. As a consequence, mRNA expression of genes involved in fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis, including FASN, ACC, SCD-1, HMGCR and LDL receptor, were significantly decreased in LA-fed animals versus pair-fed controls. Concomitantly, the assembly and secretion of very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) by primary hepatocytes were suppressed in the LA-fed ZDF rats as indicated by the decrease in VLDL-associated apolipoprotein B and apolipoprotein E. In vitro, treating a rat McA-RH7777 hepatoma cells with LA (200 micromole) activated CREBH, induced expression of Insig-1 and Insig-2, and hindered the palmitic acid-induced synthesis of triacylglycerol. This study provides new mechanistic insight into the triacylglycerol lowering properties of LA and supports the therapeutic potential of LA against hypertriglyceridemia.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO)/Extracorporeal Carbon Dioxide Removal (ECCO2R)

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a means of supporting severe pulmonary and cardiac dysfunction. It stabilizes critical derangements of oxygenation and ventilation, allowing time to diagnose, treat, and recover from the underlying cause of organ failure. The extracorporeal circuit has three main components: large-bore cannulae and circuit tubing to provide access to the native circulation, an artificial membrane lung to provide gas exchange, and an active pump to facilitate perfusion. Multiple clinical studies have evaluated this technology, the strongest evidence to date supporting its use being the Conventional Ventilation or ECMO for Severe Adult Respiratory Failure (CESAR) trial, which showed survival advantage when patients were treated with a protocol that included ECMO. Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO2R) is similar in concept to ECMO, but has a lower flow rate and does not significantly oxygenate the patient. It is a primary treatment for hypercarbic respiratory failure or is an adjunct to reduce potentially injurious levels of mechanical ventilator support in hypoxemic respiratory failure. Complications are common occurrences on both types of therapy. Strong institutional commitment and a team approach are critical to successful implementation. Additional randomized trials are needed to clarify the appropriate indications and best practices for these lifesaving therapies.
Trace crack in molded thin substrate package, root causes and FEM modeling

Trace cracks in the substrate of a thin PBGA package were detected after temperature cycle testing during a product qualification. Characteristics of this package include a thin substrate core (0.15 mm) and relatively thin mold cap (0.7 mm). To understand the failure mechanism, the package was submitted for failure analysis (FA). Numerical simulations with the finite element method (FEM) were performed to investigate the impact of design parameters and material selection. Packages with various design changes were tested to seek and prove the findings. The investigation concluded that trace cracks were due to failure in the microstructure of the substrate core. Eliminating the epoxy rich region in the core was the key to improving the package reliability. This was accomplished by using a thinner multi-layered fiberglass cloth with a tighter knitting pattern. The FEM simulation also suggested that reliability improvement could be realized by using thicker core materials, thinner molding compound, and the use of a molding compound with a lower product value of elastic modulus and effective coefficient of thermal expansion. The improved package no longer had the trace cracking problem.
Massively parallel dual-comb molecular spectroscopy with two phase-locked subharmonic OPOs

We perform dual-comb spectroscopy using a pair of broadband (3.2–5.3μm) GaAs OPO frequency comb sources. Acquisition of 1M spectral points on a second time scale and simultaneous identification of an assortment of gases is demonstrated.
Age‐0 sturgeon and shallow water: A local‐ and reach‐scale assessment

Despite the hypothesized benefits to age-0 Scaphirhynchus sturgeon, the role that slow, shallow water plays during early life history remains uncertain. Although several studies have reported the depths and velocities observed at age-0 sturgeon capture sites, conditions at larger spatial scales beyond the immediate capture location may also be important. Therefore, the specific objectives of this study were to (a) compare catch among large reaches (26–37 km in length) that varied in the availability of water <1.5 m deep and (b) identify the local habitats that best promote use by age-0 sturgeon within each reach. Results from the reach-scale analysis suggested that increased availability of water <1.5 m did not yield increased age-0 sturgeon catch. At the local-scale, age-0 sturgeon were routinely captured from a wide variety of depths, velocities, and microhabitats (L-dike, wing-dike, rootless-dike, and channel sandbar); these results coupled with previous research suggest that age-0 sturgeon may not require specific depth and velocity criteria but further study is needed to test this hypothesis. Although the prevalence of water <1.5 m had little effect on catch rates, this habitat may still be important to age-0 sturgeon. Additional research should investigate the potential effects of shallow water, at local and broad scales, on prey consumption and condition of age-0 sturgeon.
Shelter energy use reduction through buoyancy-driven air flow manipulation: A numerical and experimental study

Abstract The significance of reduction in energy usage of air-conditioned fabric structures, such as shelters, is huge considering the risks and the cost associated with running a generator in off-grid situations. As shelters are typically used in extreme climatic conditions, the energy usage as well as the transportation and running costs are high. The aim of this project is to modify the design of the shelter air gap to reduce the heat transfer due to buoyancy-driven flows across the shelter layers. To reduce the heat transfer, an additional layer is considered inside the air gap at various locations to suppress the natural convection heat transfer. A numerical model is developed to study the performance of the shelter under various conditions and validated by experimental data. The results of all cases are studied and the heat transfer data are reported. The temperature contours, velocity streamlines, Nusselt number, and power usage are calculated. The energy savings obtained with various air gap designs are also studied and reported. The results of this study show that improving the design of air gap by adding an additional layer can lead to significant reduction of air conditioning energy use in such shelters.
Trends in Public and Global Health Education among Nationally Recognized Undergraduate Liberal Arts Colleges in the United States.

Protecting public health has become critical to the twenty first century society, requiring an informed populace and educated health workforce to address the health issues we face locally, nationally, and globally.1–4 Because of the importance of public health in today’s society, the Institute of Medicine put out a call for public health education to become accessible to all undergraduate students.5 Public health has grown as an academic major in undergraduate institutions over the past two decades.6,7 It has been ranked as 10th in the list of the fastest growing programs in undergraduate institutions from 2008 to 2012.8 In the United States, 54 undergraduate institutions offered public health majors in 2013,9 majors in global health have been emerging over the past decade,10 and individual institutions have seen increases in the numbers of undergraduate students majoring in public health.11 Public health education is of particular interest to students from underrepresented backgrounds.12,13 We have also observed these trends at Davidson College, with increasing numbers of students pursuing public health degrees through our independent study (IS) pathway. In the United States, liberal arts colleges (LACs) focus on undergraduate education based on broad general knowledge, with most of their degrees in the arts and sciences. They develop general intellectual capacities of undergraduate students, by including a wide range of academic material from the sciences and traditional humanities.14 Because of the interdisciplinary nature of a liberal arts education, LACs may be among the best institutions to influence the next generation of decision makers of public health strategies and public health policy.13,15,16 Hill et al.17 reported that approximately 42% of U.S. LACs offered a track, concentration, or program in public health or global health (PH/GH) and 100% of the colleges offered at least one course in public health based on websites of the 50 top-ranked LACs during the 2009–2010 academic year. However, these data are now 7 years old, included an exclusive subset of LACs, did not assess the availability of “public health message” courses or IS offerings, and depended exclusively on school website source data. In this study, we surveyed colleges to provide a broader examination of PH/GH undergraduate education in U.S. LACs. We report on the prevalence of public health majors, minors, and concentrations, and public health message courses among U.S. LACs; describe the characteristics of institutions associated with these programs; and assess secular trends in the number of students at LACs pursuing PH/GH degrees between 2016 and 2018.
Ballistic spin transport in a two-dimensional electron gas

We explore electrically injected, spin-polarized transport in a ballistic two-dimensional electron gas. We augment the Buttiker-Landauer picture with a simple, but realistic model for spin-selective contacts to describe multimode reservoir-to-reservoir transport of ballistic spin-1/2 particles. Clear and unambiguous signatures of spin transport are established in this regime, for the simplest measurement configuration that demonstrates them directly. These effects originate from spin precession of ballistic carriers; they exhibit a strong dependence upon device geometry, and vanish in the diffusive limit. Our results have important implications for prospective “spin transistor” devices.
The high-affinity calcium sensor synaptotagmin-7 serves multiple roles in regulated exocytosis

Synaptotagmin (Syt) proteins comprise a 17-member family, many of which trigger exocytosis in response to calcium. Historically, most studies have focused on the isoform Syt-1, which serves as the primary calcium sensor in synchronous neurotransmitter release. Recently, Syt-7 has become a topic of broad interest because of its extreme calcium sensitivity and diversity of roles in a wide range of cell types. Here, we review the known and emerging roles of Syt-7 in various contexts and stress the importance of its actions. Unique functions of Syt-7 are discussed in light of recent imaging, electrophysiological, and computational studies. Particular emphasis is placed on Syt-7–dependent regulation of synaptic transmission and neuroendocrine cell secretion. Finally, based on biochemical and structural data, we propose a mechanism to link Syt-7’s role in membrane fusion with its role in subsequent fusion pore expansion via strong calcium-dependent phospholipid binding.