cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Young children's sensitivity to probabilistic phonotactics in the developing lexicon.

Abstract A series of three experiments examined children’s sensitivity to probabilistic phonotactic structure as reflected in the relative frequencies with which speech sounds occur and co-occur in American English. Children, ages 2 1 2 and 3 1 2 years, participated in a nonword repetition task that examined their sensitivity to the frequency of individual phonetic segments and to the frequency of combinations of segments. After partialling out ease of articulation and lexical variables, both groups of children repeated higher phonotactic frequency nonwords more accurately than they did low phonotactic frequency nonwords, suggesting sensitivity to phoneme frequency. In addition, sensitivity to individual phonetic segments increased with age. Finally, older children, but not younger children, were sensitive to the frequency of larger (diphone) units. These results suggest not only that young children are sensitive to fine-grained acoustic–phonetic information in the developing lexicon but also that sensitivity to all aspects of the sound structure increases over development. Implications for the acoustic nature of both developing and mature lexical representations are discussed.
Rapid Reversal of Warfarin-Associated Hemorrhage in the Emergency Department by Prothrombin Complex Concentrates

Life-threatening warfarin-associated hemorrhage is common, with a high mortality. In the United States, the most commonly used therapies—fresh frozen plasma and vitamin K—are slow and unpredictable and can result in volume overload. Outside of the United States, prothrombin complex concentrates are often used instead; these pooled plasma products reverse warfarin anticoagulation in minutes rather than hours. This article reviews the literature relating to warfarin reversal with fresh frozen plasma, prothrombin complex concentrates, and recombinant factor VIIa and provides elements for a management protocol based on this literature.
ON INCONSISTENCIES IN THE MODERN DEFINITION OF JEWISHNESS

In the epigraph of the paper, Aristotle reminds us that confusion and inconsistency arise when people attach more than one meaning to any particular term (“name”). It seems that Aristotle could not have better described the situation with the connotation of Jewishness in the contemporary world.
Oriented BSCCO thick film coatings on polycrystalline MgO

Highly oriented 2212 BSCCO thick films were prepared on polycrystalline MgO substrates using a melt/crystallization technique. Results compare very favorably with those on single crystal materials.1,2 The melting, quenching, and annealing processes were all found to be important in the development of a good microstructure and good superconducting properties. The best results (J c ∼ 2000 A/cm2 at 64 K and 6000 A/cm2 at 4.2 K) were obtained on films which had been melted, quenched to room temperature, heated to 860°C where they were annealed before slow cooling to room temperature in oxygen, lightly polished, and reannealed at 860°C.
On the scaling of multidimensional matrices

Abstract Elementary proofs are given for theorems of Bapat and Raghavan on the scaling of nonnegative multidimensional matrices. Theorems of Sinkhorn and of Brualdi, Parter, and Schneider are derived as corollaries. For positive two-dimensional matrices, Hilbert's projective metric and a theorem of G. Birkhoff are used to prove that Sinkhorn's original iterative procedure converges geometrically; the ratio of convergence is estimated from the given data.
Tolerance development to phencyclidine by chronic administration

Abstract 1. 1. Tolerance development to phencyclidine (PCP) was assessed in male ICR mice using motor coordination ability as an indicator. 2. 2. The ED50 of PCP for initiating motor incoordination was 13.8 mg/kg and the LD50 of PCP was estimated to be 78 mg/kg. 3. 3. The daily administration of PCP, ranging from 10 to 40 mg/kg, i.p., caused a gradual reduction of the duration of motor incoordination. 4. 4. The degree of tolerance development was observed to be in a dose-dependent fashion.
Preparing Teachers to Meet the Needs of Children Who Have Cochlear Implants

It is the responsibility of teacher educators to provide current information in response to changes in technology. The success and availability of cochlear implants in recent years has created a ne...
Analysis of Transmission Line Directional Couplers

Five different types of transmission line systems are analyzed and are shown to possess directional properties at the lower radio frequencies. The conditions of mismatch on either transmission line or on both transmission lines have been taken into account, as well as lengths of coupling greater than a fractional wavelength. A new and more general scatter matrix for directional couplers which includes the condition of mismatch is developed. In addition, lumped circuit directional couplers have been developed as a consequence of the general transmission line theory.
Aorto-Left Atrial Fistula: A Reversible Cause of Acute Refractory Heart Failure

Fistulas between the aorta and left atrium, invariably a complication of aortic valvular endocarditis, are rare and infrequently diagnosed premortem. We describe a patient who presented with this entity and review the reports of five other patients for whom a diagnosis was made premortem. A number of causative organisms have been identified. The clinical course is characteristically one of rapidly progressive heart failure. Notably, only half of these fistulas were detected by transthoracic echocardiography, whereas all were identified by transesophageal echocardiography when utilized. Once the diagnosis is made, prompt surgical repair is required to avert the high mortality from rapidly developing refractory congestive heart failure.
The generation of animated motion by means of a recurrent neural network

The possibility to use neural networks to guide animated motion sequences is investigated. The performance of two recurrent architectures, both derived from the cascade-correlation network, is compared. These architectures only differ in the objective function used to train the hidden units. Small differences in performance were observed, but both networks could successfully produce simple motion sequences. An animation environment was created to display arm movement and walking sequences.
Fixing broken masculinity: Viagra asa technology for the production of gender and sexuality

In the twenty-first century, technology is not so easily divorced from the human body. Viagra, the blockbuster drug hailed as the “magic erection pill,” exemplifies the increasingly accepted technologically-enhanced body. After a history of medical experts applying technology to women’s bodies in times of weakness, male bodies are now deemed in need of treatment. As male bodies digress from “normal” (erect and penetrating) sexuality, techno-scientific advances promise to “fix” the problem, and thus the patriarchal “machine.” Thus, Viagra is both a material and cultural technology producing and reshaping gender and sexuality under the guise of techno-scientific progress. Drawing on my own ethnographic data, I explore the use and circulation of techno-scientific advancement and inevitability discourses and the ways in which masculinity and heterosexuality are reproduced, as well as contested, critiqued, and reshaped by those who prescribe, dispense, market, and/or use Viagra. Finally, I argue that Viagra is currently being understood and employed as a “tool” to avert or treat masculinity “in crisis” in the contemporary America.
In vivo veritas: (+)-Naltrexone's actions define translational importance: A letter in response to Skolnick et al. 'Translational potential of naloxone and naltrexone as TLR4 antagonists'.

The studies from Skolnick et al. of (+)-isomers of naloxone and naltrexone and the glial attenuator ibudilast fail to add substantively to the field. The authors erroneously state that the methods employed in vitro were the same as we have previously reported. Additionally, the translational potential of (+)-naloxone and (+)-naltrexone should be drawn from their in vivo actions, not early in vitro screens. In vivo nonopioid (+)-isomers suppress lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced glial proinflammatory cytokines, suppress neuropathic pain, potentiate opioid analgesia, reduce opioid tolerance, withdrawal, hyperalgesia, and constipation, reduce opioid and cocaine reward, reduce cocaine reinstatement, and reduce alcohol sedation and ataxia [1–3].
Abstract IA8: BRAF and MEK resistance in melanoma

The melanoma field has had a long history of frustrating experiences in clinical trials. Most of these were in immunotherapy, although all approaches in biotherapy, chemotherapy and radiation therapy have been similarly unsuccessful for the past 30 years with unchanged five-year survival rates of 15% for advanced disease. The therapy arena is dramatically changing with a new generation of BRAF inhibitors. Particularly those with high specificity for the mutant kinase are effective in killing cells carrying the BRAFV600E mutation. Two BRAF inhibitors have increased progression-free survival and overall survival from the disease. Considering the poor success rate from previous trials, the currently accumulated data are dramatic and exciting. However, there are no cures and all treated patients recur due to the development of resistance. In treated melanoma cells with BRAFV600E there are no new mutations, except the appearances of splice variants and mutations in NRAS in some tumors. Instead, cells learn to signal around inhibited BRAF through CRAF or ARAF to activate MEK and ERK. At the same time compensatory signaling activates receptor tyrosine kinases such as IGFR1 and PDGFR, leading to activation of the PI3K pathway. Potentially, additional pathways can be activated likely requiring an individual assessment of the mechanisms of resistance. Inhibition of the newly activated pathways can prevent progression in experimental systems but has not yet been validated in patients. In contrast to inhibitors of BRAF, inhibitors for MEK appear to induce mutations in either MEK 1 or MEK 2. It is not yet clear whether the mutations occur at multiple or unique sites. Likely, similar mutational events as in MEK will occur when inhibitors of ERK are given to cells over prolonged time periods. In summary, the MAPK pathway has emerged as a major driver for melanoma cells. However, when the malignant cells are treated with inhibitors for BRAF/MEK/ERK they develop secondary resistance. Why do some cells survive the drug insult? This question is particularly pertinent for inhibitors of mutant BRAF because all cells invariably contain the mutations. The reasons for this intrinsic or primary resistance are not clear and will require a major investigational effort in future years. Experimental studies in immunodeficient mice have shown that single melanoma cells are sufficient to induce a tumor, thus, the goal has to be the elimination of all cells and not just the majority of cells. Strategies to achieve this goal will in part depend on the mechanisms of survival of a sub-population of malignant cells. It is most likely that non-genetic events are responsible for the survival and they will be discussed.
Cytokine-based strategies to improve survival during immunosuppression-related fungal septic shock and disseminated Candida infection

Immunosuppression-related Candida infections may be most successfully treated using biological response modifiers and recombinant cytokines to enhance expression of host pro-inflammatory and antimicrobial mediators, notably tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 (IL-1), and gamma-interferon (gamma-IFN). Important but unappreciated differences in the immunopathophysiology of fungal vs. bacterial infections make such cytokine priming appear contrary to current strategies for reducing cytokine-mediated organ injury and mortality due to gram-negative bacteremia and endotoxemia. Optimistically, preclinical studies to date have found that the coadministration of such immunoadjuvants does not compromise, and actually may improve, the efficacy of synthetic antifungals. Such combination therapies should continue to be evaluated in animal models of Candida infection which otherwise progress to lethal shock or chronic disseminated disease despite aggressive use of existing antifungal agents.
Total and partial cross sections for electron capture in collisions of hydrogen atoms with fully stripped ions

Systematic investigations of charge-transfer reactions H/sup +/+A/sup( Z/-1)+(n,l) (A/sup Z/+) being a fully stripped ion) within the multichannel Landau-Zener theory with rotational coupling included (MLZRC) are presented. Total cross-section (sigma) calculations in the energy region 0.03--80 keV/amu for selected projectiles with charges 5< or =Z< or =74 are performed. Oscillations in the Z dependence of sigma are observed at low collision energies in the low-Z region. Above this region the Z dependence of sigma is linear. The n,l distributions of captured electrons are investigated and results for the partial cross sections sigma/sub n/ for a number of reactions are presented. The maxima of n distributions appear at n/sub m/roughly-equalZ/sup 3/4/ (in accordance with other theoretical predictions) and have a weak velocity dependence. Validity and limitations of the MLZRC model and the obtained results are discussed.
Initial injury severity and social factors determine ability to deploy after combat-related amputation.

OBJECTIVE: While many recent publications have examined the ability of amputees to return to active duty, it remains largely unknown why few amputees deploy after amputation and many amputees do not. The purpose of this study is to examine what predictor(s) exist for whether or not an amputee will deploy after sustaining a combat-related amputation. METHODS: All U.S. Service members who sustained major extremity amputations from September 2001 through July 2011 were analysed. Amputation level(s), mechanism of injury, time interval to amputation, age, rank, Physical Evaluation Board (PEB) disposition and ability to deploy after amputation were determined. RESULTS: Deployment information after amputation was obtained for 953 amputees. There were 47 (5%) amputees who deployed. There were no significant differences amongst service branches for the deployment of amputees (p>0.2). Amputees who underwent their amputation on the same day of their injury were significantly less likely to deploy after amputation than those who had their amputation on the day of injury (p=.01). Deployed amputees had significantly lower Injury Severity Scores than amputees who did not deploy (15.98 vs 20.87, p Language: en
Diet Breadth, Adaptive Change, and the White Mountains Faunas

Abstract Drawing on faunal data from high elevation sites in the White Mountains of eastern California (USA), Grayson ( Journal of Archaeological Science 18, 483-506, 1991) tested implications of the Bettinger & Baumhoff ( American Antiquity 47, 485-503, 1982) model of late prehistoric human adaptive change in the Great Basin. Madsen ( Journal of Archaeological Science 20, 321-329, 1993) challenges the validity of these tests, and raises a number of arguments concerning the testing of diet breadth models in archaeological settings. We argue that the tests presented by Grayson are valid and that many of the critiques posed by Madsen apply only to the Bettinger & Baumhoff model. We also explore the issues Madsen raised concerning archaeological tests of foraging models.
In situ time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy in the frequency domain in capillary electrochromatography.

In situ time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy for capillary electrochromatography (CEC) is described in the frequency domain. Fluorescence decay of the solute molecules is collected directly in the packed stationary phase of the CEC capillary. The fluorescence lifetime profile of the solute molecules reveals the microenvironments they experience in the C18 chromatographic interface. A quartz flow cell and experimental optimization of the signal-to-noise ratio are described that enable the collection of high-quality decay data and subsequent calculation of fluorescence lifetime profiles of the solute molecules. The distribution of pyrene (PY), 1-pyrenemethanol (PY−MeOH), and 1-pyrenebutanol (PY−BuOH) into the C18 stationary phase and the solute−C18 phase interactions are probed, under separation conditions for CEC. All three molecules display a Gaussian distribution of lifetimes, consistent with an ensemble of heterogeneous microenvironments in the C18 stationary phase. The least polar molecule PY diffus...
Physics-based Surface Modeling using Quasi-Static Liquids

AbstractThis paper presents a physics-based modeling approach for the creation of high quality surfaces for application in CAGD. Physics-based modeling is commonly used in animation and scientific modeling, and simulates realistic dynamic motion for computer graphics. We propose a physics-based modeling of liquid surface motion as a means to generate complex geometry. Regions of a model are defined to be in a solid phase and other parts are in a liquid phase. The liquid surface is mobile and moves in response to physics-based forces resulting in a smooth, minimum energy surface. The objects created by this method are referred to as Temporal Computational Objects (TCO’s) and provide a capability that is fully integrated with standard CAD, FEA and CAM utilities. We demonstrate the usefulness of the approach with a wide range of examples that produce high quality physics-based surface models that have been analyzed and fabricated.
Cover-collapse sinkholes in Kentucky, USA: geographic and temporal distribution

Sudden and unpredictable collapse of unconsolidated cover over soluble bedrock defines cover collapse. Cover collapse in Kentucky frequently damages buildings, roads, utility lines, and farm equipment. It has killed livestock, including thoroughbred horses, and has injured people at an estimated annual cost of $20 million. The Kentucky Geological Survey began developing a file of case histories of cover collapse in 1997 and now receives approximately 24 reports annually. The case history file contains 247 individual entries and spans some 30 years, yet is thought to represent only a fraction of the annual occurrences. The reported sites are distributed statewide but are concentrated in urban settings. The largest cover collapse recorded was in Logan County and was 15.5 m in diameter and 18 m deep. The Dishman Lane collapse in Bowling Green, KY, although larger, included some bedrock collapse. Collapse features have an average long axis length of 3.1 m and an average observable depth of 2.6 m. The ratio of the long and short axes of the collapse at ground level is 1.30. When plotted on a digitized topographic overlay showing outlines of mapped sinkholes, 11 % of the cover-collapse sites are inside a mapped sinkhole. Of a total of 124 observations that noted the presence or absence of buried trash, 10.7 % of sinkholes had trash present. Nearly 52 % of collapses are underlain by Mississippian rocks, whereas 39.7 % are underlain by Ordovician carbonates. The remaining percentage is underlain by Silurian and Devonian carbonates or lithology is undetermined. The most common months for cover collapse are April, May, and June. Continued accumulation of case histories of cover collapse in Kentucky will result in a better understanding of where, when, how, and why cover collapse occurs.
A fossil-fuel based recipe for clean energy

Abstract A zero-emission process of hydrogen production from fossil fuel through a system of reactions involving hydroxide, carbon, CO, CO2 and water is described here. It provides for a complete sequestration of carbon (CO2 and CO) from coal/natural-gas burning plants. The CO and or CO2 produced in coal or natural gas burning power plants and the heat may be used for producing hydrogen. Economically hydrogen production cost is less than the current price of fossil-fuel produced hydrogen with the added benefit of carbon sequestration. The reduced cost of the hydrogen may aid in making a hydrogen fueled automobile economically viable.
Experiences of mentors training underrepresented undergraduates in the research laboratory.

Successfully recruiting students from underrepresented groups to pursue biomedical science research careers continues to be a challenge. Early exposure to scientific research is often cited as a powerful means to attract research scholars with the research mentor being critical in facilitating the development of an individual’s science identity and career; however, most mentors in the biological sciences have had little formal training in working with research mentees. To better understand mentors’ experiences working with undergraduates in the laboratory, we conducted semistructured interviews with 15 research mentors at a public university in the Midwest. The interviewed mentors were part of a program designed to increase the number of American Indians pursuing biomedical/biobehavioral research careers and represented a broad array of perspectives, including equal representation of male and female mentors, mentors from underrepresented groups, mentors at different levels of their careers, and mentors from undergraduate and professional school departments. The mentors identified benefits and challenges in being an effective mentor. We also explored what the term underrepresented means to the mentors and discovered that most of the mentors had an incomplete understanding about how differences in culture could contribute to underrepresented students’ experience in the laboratory. Our interviews identify issues relevant to designing programs and courses focused on undergraduate student research.
Parental Recasts and Production of Copulas and Articles by Children With Specific Language Impairment and Typical Language

In intervention, children with specific language impairment (SLI) have been shown to develop productive use of morphemes in response to target-specific recasts at rates generally equivalent to youn...
Emissions of BVOC from lodgepole pine in response to mountain pine beetle attack in high and low mortality forest stands

In this screening study, biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions from intact branches of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) trees were measured from trees at two forested sites that have been impacted differently by the mountain pine beetle (MPB), with one having higher mortality and the other with lower mortality. Differences in the amounts and chemical diversity of BVOC between the two sites and from apparently healthy trees versus trees in different stages of MPB attack are presented, as well as (for one site) observed seasonal variability in emissions. A brief comparison is made of geological and climatic characteristics as well as prior disturbances (both natural and man-made) at each site. Trees sampled at the site experiencing high MPB-related tree mortality had lower chemodiversity in terms of monoterpene (MT) emission profiles, while profiles were more diverse at the lower-mortality site. Also at the higher-mortality site, MPB-infested trees in various stages of decline had lower emissions of sesquiterpenes (SQTs) compared to healthy trees, while at the site with lower mortality, MPB-survivors had significantly higher SQT emissions during part of the growing season when compared to both uninfested and newly infested trees. SQT profiles differed between the two sites and, like monoterpene and oxygenated VOC profiles, varied through the season. For the low-mortality site in which repeated measurements were made over the course of the early summer–late fall, higher chemical diversity was observed in early- compared to late-season measurements for all compound classes investigated (MT, oxygenated VOC, and SQT), with the amount of change appearing to correlate to the MPB status of the trees studied. Emissions of 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (MBO) had a distinct seasonal signal but were not much different between healthy or infested trees, except in trees with dead needles, from which emissions of this compound were negligible, and in late-season MPB survivors, in which they were higher than in newly infested or uninfested trees. Emissions of SQT were significantly higher in the MPB survivors during both mid- and late-season sampling at the low-mortality site. The changes in emissions could have implications for regional air quality and climate through changes in ozone and aerosol distributions, although this study was designed as a preliminary screening effort and not enough individuals were sampled for all of the observed differences to be statistically demonstrated. Despite this, the compelling differences in emissions observed between the sites and individual trees with differing MPB-infestation statuses and the potential impacts these have on regional atmospheric chemistry argue for further research in this topic.
Formation of Graphene p-n Junction via Complementary Doping

We demonstrate the formation of a p-n junction in 2-D graphene through complementary doping. A shift of the Dirac point is observed with increased electrical stressing voltage, indicating the modification of electrostatic charge distribution in the material system. Both graphene and graphene/metal contact resistances show significant decrease after electrical stressing. Carrier mobility is affected due to the charge modification. By combining hydrogen silsesquioxane coating and electrical stressing, local doping in graphene is controlled, and a p-n junction can be formed.
Simulating multi-million-robot ensembles

Various research efforts have focused on scaling modular robotic systems up to millions of cooperating devices. However, such efforts have been hampered by the lack of prototype hardware in such quantities and the unavailability of accurate and highly scalable simulations. This paper describes a simulation framework for such systems, which can model the execution of distributed software and the physical interaction between modules. We develop a scalable, multithreaded version of an off-the-shelf physics engine, and create a software execution engine that can efficiently harness hundreds of cores in a cluster of commodity machines. Our approach is shown to run 108x faster than a previous scalable simulator, and permit simulations with over 20 million modules.
Drug Synergy Screen and Network Modeling in Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma Identifies CDK4 and IGF1R as Synergistic Drug Targets

Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLS) is a rare but aggressive cancer with high recurrence and low response rates to targeted therapies. Increasing treatment efficacy may require combinations of targeted agents that counteract the effects of multiple abnormalities. To identify a possible multicomponent therapy, we performed a combinatorial drug screen in a DDLS-derived cell line and identified cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) as synergistic drug targets. We measured the phosphorylation of multiple proteins and cell viability in response to systematic drug combinations and derived computational models of the signaling network. These models predict that the observed synergy in reducing cell viability with CDK4 and IGF1R inhibitors depends on the activity of the AKT pathway. Experiments confirmed that combined inhibition of CDK4 and IGF1R cooperatively suppresses the activation of proteins within the AKT pathway. Consistent with these findings, synergistic reductions in cell viability were also found when combining CDK4 inhibition with inhibition of either AKT or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), another receptor similar to IGF1R that activates AKT. Thus, network models derived from context-specific proteomic measurements of systematically perturbed cancer cells may reveal cancer-specific signaling mechanisms and aid in the design of effective combination therapies.
1,25(OH)2 Vitamin D Inhibits Foam Cell Formation and Suppresses Macrophage Cholesterol Uptake in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background—Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death among those with diabetes mellitus. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in this population. To determine the mechanism by which vitamin D deficiency mediates accelerated cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes mellitus, we investigated the effects of active vitamin D on macrophage cholesterol deposition. Methods and Results—We obtained macrophages from 76 obese, diabetic, hypertensive patients with vitamin D deficiency (25-hydroxyvitamin D 80 nmol/L; group A) and 4 control groups: obese, diabetic, hypertensive patients with normal vitamin D (group B; n15); obese, nondiabetic, hypertensive patients with vitamin D deficiency (group C; n25); and nonobese, nondiabetic, nonhypertensive patients with vitamin D deficiency (group D; n10) or sufficiency (group E; n10). Macrophages from the same patients in all groups were cultured in vitamin D—deficient or 1,25dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] –supplemented media and exposed to modified low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. 1,25(OH)2D3 suppressed foam cell formation by reducing acetylated or oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol uptake in diabetic subjects only. Conversely, deletion of the vitamin D receptor in macrophages from diabetic patients accelerated foam cell formation induced by modified LDL. 1,25(OH)2D3 downregulation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation reduced peroxisome proliferated–activated receptor- expression, suppressed CD36 expression, and prevented oxidized low-density lipoprotein–derived cholesterol uptake. In addition, 1,25(OH)2D3 suppression of macrophage endoplasmic reticulum stress improved insulin signaling, downregulated SR-A1 expression, and prevented oxidized and acetylated low-density lipoprotein–derived cholesterol uptake. Conclusion—These results identify reduced vitamin D receptor signaling as a potential mechanism underlying increased foam cell formation and accelerated cardiovascular disease in diabetic subjects. (Circulation. 2009;120:687-698.)
Three algorithms and SAS macros for estimating power and sample size for logistic models with one or more independent variables of interest in the presence of covariates

Commonly when designing studies, researchers propose to measure several independent variables in a regression model, a subset of which are identified as the main variables of interest while the rest are retained in a model as covariates or confounders. Power for linear regression in this setting can be calculated using SAS PROC POWER. There exists a void in estimating power for the logistic regression models in the same setting. Currently, an approach that calculates power for only one variable of interest in the presence of other covariates for logistic regression is in common use and works well for this special case. In this paper we propose three related algorithms along with corresponding SAS macros that extend power estimation for one or more primary variables of interest in the presence of some confounders. The three proposed empirical algorithms employ likelihood ratio test to provide a user with either a power estimate for a given sample size, a quick sample size estimate for a given power, and an approximate power curve for a range of sample sizes. A user can specify odds ratios for a combination of binary, uniform and standard normal independent variables of interest, and or remaining covariates/confounders in the model, along with a correlation between variables. These user friendly algorithms and macro tools are a promising solution that can fill the void for estimation of power for logistic regression when multiple independent variables are of interest, in the presence of additional covariates in the model.
Insulin Signaling Stimulates Insulin Transport by Bovine Aortic Endothelial Cells

OBJECTIVE —In vivo evidence suggests that insulin entry into skeletal muscle is rate limiting for its overall metabolic action. Although there has been controversy regarding whether insulin crosses the endothelium by a passive (transcellular or paracellular) or mediated process, accumulating data favor the latter. Here, we addressed whether insulin signaling within the endothelial cell is required for the first step of transendothelial insulin transport: its uptake by the endothelial cell. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS —Bovine aortic endothelial cells (bAECs) were incubated in serum-free medium for 6 h before addition of 50 nmol/l fluoroisothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled insulin for 30 min, and uptake of FITC insulin was quantified by confocal immunocytochemistry. RESULTS —Cellular insulin uptake was temperature dependent, being greater at 37 vs. 4°C ( P P P P CONCLUSIONS —Insulin uptake by bAECs requires intact insulin signaling via both the PI 3-kinase and MEK signaling cascades and the cSrc-family tyrosine kinases, and endothelial cell insulin uptake is sensitive to cytokine-induced insulin resistance.
Integration Techniques for InP-Based High-Functionality Photonic Integrated Circuits

In this paper, we review photonic integration platforms and techniques in InP. These platforms include offset quantum-well and novel quantum-well intermixing and dual quantum-well approaches used at UCSB to fabricate various high-functionality photonic integrated circuits.
Urea lesion formation in DNA as a consequence of 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine oxidation and hydrolysis provides a potent source of point mutations

The DNA oxidation product 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) forms several mutagenic oxidation products, including a metastable oxaluric acid (Oa) derivative. We report here that a synthetic oligonucleotide containing Oa hydrolyzes under simulated "in vivo" conditions to form a mutagenic urea (Ua) lesion. Using the Oa 2'-deoxyribonucleoside as a model, the hydrolysis rate depended strongly upon the concentrations of bicarbonate and divalent magnesium. In buffered solutions containing physiologically relevant levels of these species, the half-life of Oa nucleoside was approximately 40 h at 37 degrees C. The mutagenic properties of Ua in DNA were investigated using a M13mp7L2 bacteriophage genome containing Ua at a specific site. Transfection of the lesion-containing genome into wild-type AB1157 Escherichia coli allowed determination of the mutation frequency and DNA polymerase bypass efficiency from the resulting progeny phage. Ua was bypassed with an efficiency of 11% as compared to a guanine control and caused a 99% G-->T mutation frequency, assuming the lesion originated from G, which is at least an order of magnitude higher than the mutation frequency of 8-oxoG under the same conditions. SOS induction of bypass DNA polymerase(s) in the bacteria prior to transfection caused the mutation frequency and type to shift to 43% G-->T, 46% G-->C, and 10% G-->A mutations. We suggest that Ua is instructional, meaning that the shape of the lesion and its interactions with DNA polymerases influence which nucleotide is inserted opposite the lesion during replication and that the instructional nature of the lesion is modulated by the size of the binding pocket of the DNA polymerase. Replication past Ua, when formed by hydrolysis of the 8-oxoG oxidation product Oa, denotes a pathway that nearly quantitatively generates point mutations in vivo.
Examining task engagement in sensor-based statistical models of human interruptibility

The computer and communication systems that office workers currently use tend to interrupt at inappropriate times or unduly demand attention because they have no way to determine when an interruption is appropriate. Sensor?based statistical models of human interruptibility offer a potential solution to this problem. Prior work to examine such models has primarily reported results related to social engagement, but it seems that task engagement is also important. Using an approach developed in our prior work on sensor?based statistical models of human interruptibility, we examine task engagement by studying programmers working on a realistic programming task. After examining many potential sensors, we implement a system to log low?level input events in a development environment. We then automatically extract features from these low?level event logs and build a statistical model of interruptibility. By correctly identifying situations in which programmers are non?interruptible and minimizing cases where the model incorrectly estimates that a programmer is non?interruptible, we can support a reduction in costly interruptions while still allowing systems to convey notifications in a timely manner.
The Nucleoporin Nup153 Has Separable Roles in Both Early Mitotic Progression and the Resolution of Mitosis

Accurate inheritance of genomic content during cell division is dependent on synchronized changes in cellular organization and chromosome dynamics. Elucidating how these events are coordinated is necessary for a complete understanding of cell proliferation. Previous in vitro studies have suggested that the nuclear pore protein Nup153 is a good candidate for participating in mitotic coordination. To decipher whether this is the case in mammalian somatic cells, we reduced the levels of Nup153 in HeLa cells and monitored consequences on cell growth. Reduction of Nup153 resulted in a delay during the late stages of mitosis accompanied by an increase in unresolved midbodies. Depletion of Nup153 to an even lower threshold led to a pronounced defect early in mitosis and an accumulation of cells with multilobed nuclei. Although global nucleocytoplasmic transport was not significantly altered under these depletion conditions, the FG-rich region of Nup153 was required to rescue defects in late mitosis. Thus, this motif may play a specialized role as cells exit mitosis. Rescue of the multilobed nuclei phenotype, in contrast, was independent of the FG-domain, revealing two separable roles for Nup153 in the execution of mitosis.
Broadcast Gossip Algorithms for Consensus

Motivated by applications to wireless sensor, peer-to-peer, and ad hoc networks, we study distributed broadcasting algorithms for exchanging information and computing in an arbitrarily connected network of nodes. Specifically, we study a broadcasting-based gossiping algorithm to compute the (possibly weighted) average of the initial measurements of the nodes at every node in the network. We show that the broadcast gossip algorithm converges almost surely to a consensus. We prove that the random consensus value is, in expectation, the average of initial node measurements and that it can be made arbitrarily close to this value in mean squared error sense, under a balanced connectivity model and by trading off convergence speed with accuracy of the computation. We provide theoretical and numerical results on the mean square error performance, on the convergence rate and study the effect of the ldquomixing parameterrdquo on the convergence rate of the broadcast gossip algorithm. The results indicate that the mean squared error strictly decreases through iterations until the consensus is achieved. Finally, we assess and compare the communication cost of the broadcast gossip algorithm to achieve a given distance to consensus through theoretical and numerical results.
Hands-on module packaging education at Georgia Tech

The Design Build and Operate (DBO) course at PRC (the Packaging Research Center at Georgia Institute of Technology) provides hands-on experience in SOP (System on a Package) packaging for undergraduate and graduate students. DBO consists of a sequence of two courses: Design Build Operate I (DBO I), which focuses on substrate fabrication and Design Build Operate II (DBO II), which focuses on module assembly. This paper presents an overview of the second component of the sequence, the DBO II (module) course. A detailed presentation of the experiments conducted and their results are presented. A user friendly software which helps students to conduct virtual designs and fabrication processes is also presented.
A nursing diagnostic perspective on proposed criteria for substance use disorders: what the DSM-5 is leaving out.

As a contribution to the public discourse about the process to develop the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), this article will discuss important co...
Unveiling posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma surgeons: A national survey

BACKGROUND: The significance of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in trauma patients is well recognized. The impact trauma surgeons endure in managing critical trauma cases is unknown. The aim of our study was to assess the incidence of PTSD among trauma surgeons and identify risk factors associated with the development of PTSD. METHODS: We surveyed all members of the American Association for Surgery of Trauma and the Eastern Association for Surgery of Trauma using an established PTSD screening test (PTSD Checklist Civilian [PCL-C]). A PCL-C score of 35 or higher (sensitivity 9 85%) was used as the cutoff for the development of PTSD symptoms and a PCL-C score of 44 or higher for the diagnosis of PTSD. Multivariate logistic regression was performed. RESULTS: There were 453 respondents with a 41% response rate. PTSD symptoms were present in 40% (n = 181) of the trauma surgeons, and 15% (n = 68) of the trauma surgeons met the diagnostic criteria for PTSD. Male trauma surgeons (odds ratio [OR], 2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2Y3.1) operating more than 15 cases per month (OR, 3; 95% CI, 1.2Y8), having more than seven call duties per month (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.2Y6), and with less than 4 hours of relaxation per day (OR, 7; 95% CI, 1.4Y35) were more likely to develop symptoms of PTSD. Diagnosis of PTSD was common in trauma surgeons managing more than 5 critical cases per call duty (OR, 7; 95% CI, 1.1Y8). Salary, years of clinical practice, and previous military experience were predictive for neither the development of PTSD symptoms nor the diagnosis of PTSD. CONCLUSION: Both symptoms and the diagnosis of PTSD are common among trauma surgeons. Defining the factors that predispose trauma surgeons to PTSD may be of benefit to the patients and the profession. The data from this survey will be useful to major national trauma surgery associations for developing targeted interventions. (J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2014;77: 148Y154. Copyright * 2014 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins)
Characteristics of the Asian strain of influenza A.

SummaryThe amniotic sac of the chick embryo was much more effective than monkey kidney cultures for isolation of the Asian strain of influenza A, and virus was obtained from at least 60% of serologically diagnosed illnesses. Both monkey kidney culture and chick embryo propagated virus agglutinated human, fowl, sheep and monkey erythrocytes at 4° or 24°C, but titers were lower with sheep red blood cells. Asian virus multiplied readily in monkey kidney cultures, but several passages were required for adaptation to the allantoic sac. Some strains during early egg passages were not inhibited by non-specific substances in normal sera, and some were initially non-reactive with antibody, especially in rde treated sera. Increased sensitivity to inhibitors and antibody occurred with additional chick embryo passages, but remained lesser than the tissue culture line. Asian virus propagated in monkey kidney cultures was preferable to the egg line for determinations of hemagglutination-inhibition and neutralizing anti...
Soundless Revolution: Comparative Analysis On How To Propel The Global Ubiquitous IT Business Market According To Changes In The World Information Technology Market Environment

National policy and paradigm in enterprise management are also changing from "make & sell" to "sense & respond." A country or enterprise that makes and sells with no particular plan should fail. Countries and enterprises should sense what consumers and market demand and should respond to it quickly. Only when countries and enterprises catch the latest information and process it for application, they can expect to succeed. In this research, the researcher analyzed the research and industry trend of leading enterprises and countries such as Japan, among the United States, the European Union (EU) and the Far East Asia. Also the researcher examined trend in policy and propulsion status of enterprises in the United States. Comparative analysis on how to propel Ubiquitous Business Market in advanced enterprises in EU and Japan can be done too.
Structure, transport, and vertical coherence of the Gulf Stream from the Straits of Florida to the Southeast Newfoundland Ridge

Abstract Data from three independent and extensive field programs in the Straits of Florida, the Mid-Atlantic Bight, and near the Southeast Newfoundland Ridge are reanalyzed and compared with results from other historical studies to highlight the downstream evolution of several characteristics of the Gulf Stream's mean flow and variability. The three locations represent distinct dynamical regimes: a tightly confined jet in a channel; a freely meandering jet; and a topographically controlled jet on a boundary. Despite these differing dynamical regimes, the Gulf Stream in these areas exhibits many similarities. There are also anticipated and important differences, such as the loss of the warm core of the current by 42°N and the decrease in the cross-frontal gradient of potential vorticity as the current flows northward. As the Gulf Stream evolves it undergoes major changes in transport, both in magnitude and structure. The rate of inflow up to 60°W and outflow thereafter are generally uniform, but do exhibit some remarkable short-scale variations. As the Gulf Stream flows northward the vertical coherence of the flow changes, with the Florida Current and North Atlantic Current segments of the Gulf Stream exhibiting distinct upper and deep flows that are incoherent, while in the Mid-Atlantic Bight the Gulf Stream exhibits flows in three layers each of which tends to be incoherent with the other layers at most periods. These coherence characteristics are exhibited in both Eulerian and stream coordinates. The observed lack of vertical coherence indicates that great caution must be exercised in interpreting proxies for Gulf Stream structure and flow from vertically-limited or remote observations.