cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of lactation on sodium intake in Fischer-344 and Long-Evans rats

Rats of most strains are attracted to salt in low concentrations, and this attraction is increased by pregnancy and lactation. Nonreproducing Fischer-344 (F344) rats are unusual in that they avoid saline at all concentrations, raising the question of whether lactation alters their sodium appetite. Therefore, lactating and cycling Long-Evans and F344 rats were compared in their relative consumption of water and several concentrations of saline. We found that Long-Evans rats preferred saline, but F344 rats preferred plain water. In comparison with cycling rats, lactating Long-Evans rats markedly increased saline intake whereas F344 rats exhibited only a modest increase. Lactating rats of both strains increased total fluid intake, but this increase was primarily from water in F344 rats and from saline in Long-Evans rats. It was concluded that the aversion to saline characteristic of nonreproducing adult F344 rats continues during lactation. Their aversion to sodium in pup urine may account for the low levels of maternal anogenital licking observed in the F344 strain. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 32: 51–56, 1998
8-keV x-ray zone plates

Sputtered-sliced transmissive x-ray zone plates consisting of concentric rings of Al and Cu have been fabricated and tested using the 8.04 keV k-a line from Cu. Due to the need for high aspect ratios for this 1.54 A radiation, magnetron sputtering onto a rotating opaque central wire was chosen as the fabrication method. Both the fabrication technology and initial results are presented.
Population Characteristics of Greenback Cutthroat Trout in Streams: Their Relation to Model Predictions andRecovery Criteria

Abstract Fishes listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act receive intensive management, but evaluations of population characteristics are rare. We report population and habitat characteristics of federally threatened greenback cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki stomias in 12 streams in north-central Colorado surveyed in 1998 and 1999. Our objectives were to assess population size, structure, and distribution, to evaluate a model developed by Harig and Fausch (2002) to assess translocation success, and to compare population characteristics to those reported in the recovery plan. Allopatric population sizes in 10 streams varied from 170 to 7,347 greenback cutthroat trout at least 75 mm long, whereas the 2 streams with brook trout throughout supported 0–142 greenback cutthroat trout. Populations displayed few upstream–downstream trends in fish abundance or mean length, and the coefficient of variation among sampled reaches within streams averaged 61%. As the density of fish at least 75 mm long increased,...
The variable gain element of the vestibulo-ocular reflex is common to the optokinetic system of the cat.

Summary The gain (slow-phase eye velocity/head velocity) of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) of 6 alert cats was sequentially adapted to values between 0.2 and 1.66 by the chronic wearing of visual reversing or 2 X magnifying spectacles, combined with forced rotation in the light. Gain was measured during sinusoidal oscillation in darkness at 0.05 Hz at a peak velocity of about 30°/s. In each state of VOR gain adaptation, optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) and optokinetic afternystagmus (OKAN) were measured in a full-field optokinetic drum at velocities of 20-80°/s. Steady-state, slow-phase, optokinetic eye velocity nearly equaled low drum velocities, but saturated at higher velocities and declined when drum velocity further increased. The saturation velocity varied in relation to VOR gain, ranging from 20-20°/s at a VOR gain of 0.2–0.4, to 65°/s at a VOR gain of 1.66. This means that the variable gain element of the VOR is shared by the optokinetic system (OKS). OKAN, measured in darkness, had a roughly exponential decay. The time constant of OKAN (T okan ) also varied with VOR gain, ranging from about 2 s at a VOR gain of 0.2, to 10 s at a VOR gain of 1.66. This is a novel finding which suggests that the velocity-storage mechanism was also affected by gain changes. A model is proposed in which a neural, variable-gain element is located in a positive-feedback, velocity-storage loop common to both the VOR and the OKS. Computer simulation showed that this hypothesis could account for most of the observed changes in OKN saturation and TOKAN with changes in VOR gain. The model also predicts that low frequency VOR phase lead in darkness should increase with decreasing VOR gain. Experimental VOR phase lead at 0.05 Hz varied from about 10° for VOR gains above 1.1, to about 50° for VOR gains below 0.3. Such phase-lead data agree with the trend predicted by the model.
Presidential Protection during the Progressive Era: The Aftermath of the McKinley Assassination

(1983). Presidential Protection during the Progressive Era: The Aftermath of the McKinley Assassination. The Historian: Vol. 46, No. 1, pp. 1-20.
The effects of appeals, anonymity, and feedback on mail survey response patterns from salespeople

The effects of manipulation of appeal types, anonymity/nonanonymity, and the promiselno promise of feedback of research results on response patterns were examined using a sales population. The results indicate that the use of these techniques can enhance the response patterns from salespeople. Specifically, the egoistic appeal, the interaction of egoistic appeal with anonymity, and feedback were shown to influence response rate, response speed, and response completeness.
The Quebec National Library on the Web

Provides a general overview of the creation of the Quebec national Library Web site. Discusses why it was started, the steps in its implementation, and issues related to content, design and technology. Considers future use of technology and the feedback the site has received to date. Concludes that development is full of rich ideas which are only limited by monetary constraints.
The zinc content of human duodenal secretions

Abstract Zinc concentrations were measured in duodenal secretions collected from two healthy young men and three patients with acrodermatitis enteropathica (AE), prior to and after infusion of standard doses of secretin and cholecystokinin. The mean (±SE) zinc concentration in fasting, baseline secretions from the controls was 2.2±0.2 μg/ml and fell three to seven-fold after pancreatic stimulation. The baseline level in AE patients was not different: 1.5±0.4 μg/ml, but the response to the hormone infusions varied.
Reproducibility of interactive registration of 3D CT and MR pediatric treatment planning head images.

The reproducibility of an interactive image registration technique used as part of the radiotherapy treatment planning process was investigated for 3D CT and MR pediatric head images. Over a nine month period, 85 CT/MR image registrations, required for treatment planning, were repeated, 52 by the same operator and 33 by a different operator. All were performing image registrations for normal clinical care and the first registration was used clinically. Inter- and intra-operator reproducibility of the translation and rotation were calculated separately. The standard deviation of the average total translation and rotation was 0.39 mm and 1.7, and 0.58 mm and 2.8, respectively. The maximum difference between registrations was 1.1 mm and 4.1 when repeated by the same operator, and 1.4 mm and 5.8 when repeated by another operator. The variation for the lowest resolution parameters, out of plane translation and rotations, was 2 to 3 times larger than for in-plane movements. A registration took between 5 minutes and over half an hour for difficult cases, with a mean of 14.3 minutes. One to two millimeter reproducibility was not achieved and interactive registration was relatively time consuming. There is a clear image resolution effect on registration reproducibility, suggesting that reducing slice thickness could considerably improve registration reproducibility. 2001 American College of Medical Physics.
Sex reversal and hypoplastic left heart syndrome.

From the Divisions of Pediatric Cardiology and Pediatric Endocrinology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC. Disclosures: None. Received for publication Aug 11, 2008; accepted for publication Sept 11, 2008; available ahead of print Jan 27, 2009. Address for reprints: Andrew M. Atz, MD, Director, Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care, Children’s Heart Program of South Carolina, Medical University of South Carolina, 165 Ashley Ave, PO Box 250915, Charleston, SC 29425 (E-mail: atzam@musc.edu). J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2010;139:e35-6 0022-5223/$36.00 Copyright 2010 by The American Association for Thoracic Surgery doi:10.1016/j.jtcvs.2008.09.058
Chondroblastoma of the temporomandibular joint arising from articular cartilage: a previously unreported presentation of an uncommon neoplasm.

Abstract A 31-year-old woman presented with a mass in the left side of the face which was initially thought to represent a mixed tumor of the parotid gland but was ultimately diagnosed as a chondroblastoma arising from the articular cartilage of the mandibular condyle. The usual chondroblastoma is an intraosseous benign tumor which is generally thought to arise from the cartilaginous epiphysis. This first reported case of a primary articular chondroblastoma indicates that the neoplasm can originate from nonepiphyseal cartilage as well.
Disjoint design spaces in the optimization of harmonically excited structures

The paper deals with a method of optimizing harmonically or dynamically excited structures which removes the frequency constraint (that specifies that the structure's first natural frequency of vibration must be greater than the excitation frequency), replaces the displacement constraint by an inequality constraint on the allowable stress and applies finite element approximations to the continuous one-dimensional structures. When the problem is posed in this manner, the feasible design space is disconnected or 'disjoint'. An attempt is made to explain this disjointness by studying the optimal design of a thin-walled cantilevered rod subjected to steady, simple harmonic torsional excitation. The finite element method is applied to the optimization of a harmonically excited structure with an arbitrary number of design variables, with the disjointness of the design space, a complicating factor.
Adolescent adjustment in the context of life change: The supportive role of parental structure provision

This study examined the associations among disruptive life events, supportive parenting practices, adolescent self-perceptions, and emotional outcomes. One-hundred and three 7th graders (68% minority, 32% European American) and their parents completed recent negative life events checklists. Parents also reported the total number of major transitions (changes in residences, schools, parent's romantic partners) that adolescents experienced since birth. Life events were related to lower adolescent-reported perceptions of competence and control, higher adolescent-reported depression and behavior problems, and higher parent-reported conduct problems. Regression analyses supported a mediational model in which competence and control perceptions explained relations between adolescent life events and symptomatology. Parental structure-the provision of clear, consistent and predictable rules and expectations-was associated with more adaptive adolescent functioning, especially among girls. Regressions indicated that structure related to higher perceptions of competence and control and fewer behavioral problems, even after accounting for the risk associated with negative life events and transitions.
Future Implementation and Integration of Agile Methods in Software Development and Testing

In software development, there are two broad schools of thought: the traditional sequential or the "Waterfall method" and the iterative or the "Agile method". This paper aims to discuss the benefit, limitation and possible implementation and integration of Agile method in software development and testing process. It also suggests a comprehensive integration of Agile method with some good features of classical method to enhance the current software development techniques. This in-turn can be used in a highly adaptive software environment.
Dialectical behavior therapy for domestic violence: Rationale and procedures

Domestic violence is a significant social problem with significant psychological and medical consequences for its victims and their children. In part because treatments for domestic violence are often not effective, and in part because of the hypothesized similarities between the problems of chronically aggressive men and chronically suicidal women (e.g., emotion dysregulation), a rationale for applying Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) to domestic violence is provided. This new application of DBT, designed to treat aggression and violence in families, is described. Aggression assessment procedures and conceptualization issues are presented, along with a case to illustrate treatment principles and intervention strategies. Typically targeting men who batter their partners, this new application includes the four essential functions of DBT, including attending to client motivation, skill acquisition, skill generalization, and team/therapist consultation. In addition, a number of new treatment developments are presented to target reducing and eliminating aggression: validation and empathy skill training; a focus on reconditioning anger responses to be more normative (including identifying alternative emotions and their associated effective coping responses); skills training on accurate interpersonal emotional expression; and understanding the functions of aggression and teaching skills in how formerly aggressive partners can get relationship and self-management needs met skillfully. A brief overview of the other strategies and components of DBT, and how they are applied to treating domestic violence, is also provided. Particular attention is devoted to therapists maintaining a nonjudgmental stance by utilizing mindfulness practice and team consultation.
Abstract 2490: The flavonoid quercetin interferes with the activity of anti-microtubule drugs

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Dietary compounds with anticancer properties such as polyphenols are intensively studied for their chemopreventive or therapeutic potentials. Quercetin is a polyphenolic flavonoid with anticancer properties and is abundantly available in fruits and green vegetables. In this study, we examined the effects of quercetin on the cell cycle, viability and proliferation of colorectal and prostate cancer cells, either singly or in combination with the microtubule targeting drugs taxol or nocodazole. Quercetin inhibited cell proliferation in a dose dependent manner in both HCT116 colorectal and PPC1 prostate cancer cells. However, unexpectedly, combination treatment of the cells with 50µM or lower quercetin and taxol or nocodazole neutralized the ability of both drugs to induce G2/M arrest and to decrease cell viability. BrdU incorporation was inhibited by quercetin or quercetin-drug combination treatment of cells, but the microtubule targeting of taxol or nocodazole was not inhibited. Moreover, colony formation by both wild type and p53-null HCT116 colorectal cancer cells was inhibited by the same dose of quercetin that neutralized G2/M arrest by Taxol and nocodazole, suggesting a p53-independent effect. We conclude that while quercetin by itself may reduce cell proliferation and survival, in the short-term, the interference of quercetin with cell cycle progression diminishes the ability of taxol and nocodazole to arrest cells at G2/M. Our study adds microtubule targeting drugs to the list of anticancer drugs the activity of which might be antagonized by flavonoids such as quercetin. Further studies are needed to examine the mechanisms of interactions between anticancer drugs and polyphenolic dietary components or supplements, and how these interactions may influence outcomes of cancer therapy, survivorship or recurrence. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2490.
Cardiovascular Medications Taken by Patients Aged ≥70 Years Hospitalized for Acute Coronary Syndromes Before Hospitalization and at Hospital Discharge

A prospective study was performed in 177 patients, mean age 78+/-6 years, hospitalized with acute coronary syndromes. Obstructive coronary artery disease was documented by coronary angiography in 154 of 177 patients (87%). Coronary revascularization was performed in 96 of 177 patients (54%). Five of 177 patients (3%) died during hospitalization. Compared to use before hospitalization, at hospital discharge the use of aspirin increased from 43% to 84% (p<0.001), the use of clopidogrel increased from 21% to 54% (p<0.001), the use of beta blockers increased from 38% to 76% (p<0.001), the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers increased from 42% to 70% (p<0.001), the use of long-acting nitrates increased from 15% to 31% (p<0.001), and the use of calcium channel blockers decreased from 28% to 23% (p=NS). Dyslipidemia was present in 62% of the 177 patients. The use of statins increased from 34% before hospitalization to 63% at hospital discharge (p<0.001).
Effect of septal and fimbrial stimulation on auditory and visual cortical evoked potentials in the cat.

Abstract The effects of septal and fimbrial stimulation on auditory and visual cortical evoked potentials were determined. The cortical responses were recorded from the ectosylvian and marginal gyri respectively with both acutely and chronically implanted electrodes. After all recordings were completed, lesions were made in the septum in three of the cats and both auditory and visual cortical evoked potentials were again studied. Depending on the location within the septum, septal stimulation in acute preparations either attenuated or facilitated both auditory and visual cortical evoked potentials; stimulation of the fimbria had a facilitatory effect. With chronically implanted electrodes, septal stimulation led to decreases and fimbrial stimulation to increases in evoked response amplitudes. Certain of the previous effects were reversed after placement of the lesion in the septum. Auditory and visual cortical evoked potentials previously attenuated by septal stimulation were facilitated and fimbrial stimulation after the septal lesion resulted in the attenuation of previously facilitated cortical evoked potentials. These findings implicate the septum and fimbria in processing sensory information and give evidence that a uniprocess concept of septal functioning is no longer adequate.
The effects of safer-sex stories on college students attitudes toward condoms.

Social learning theory predicts that reading non-erotic stories involving condom use will be as effective as reading erotic stories with condom use in producing positive attitudes toward condoms. Werners orthogenetic principle however predicts that reading erotic condom stories will be most effective because of the link created between sexual arousal and cognitive information about condoms. 168 male and 149 female undergraduates enrolled in Introductory Psychology at a small private southern university participated in a study to test the validity of these two theories. The students read one of the following types of stories: erotic with condom placement described erotic without condom use or non-erotic with a model for discussing condoms. The men and women who read the non-erotic stories were most positive about condoms and reported the strongest intentions to use condoms in the future. These findings suggest that erotica is not necessary to produce positive attitudes toward condoms.
DRIVING AVOIDANCE AND FUNCTIONAL IMPAIRMENT IN OLDER DRIVERS

The purpose of this study was to examine the association between visual and cognitive impairment in older drivers and their avoidance of potentially challenging, driving situation. A group of 257 older drivers participated in assessments of visual sensory function, eye health and cognitive function including the useful field of view test, and completed a structured questionnaire on driving exposure and how frequently they avoided challenging driving situations. Results replicated earlier studies showing that many older drivers limit their exposure to driving situations which are generally believed to be more difficult (e.g. rain, night, heavy traffic, rush hour). Furthermore, older drivers with objectively determined visual and/or attentional impairments reported more avoidance than those free of impairments; those with the most impairment reported avoiding more types of situations than other less impaired or non-impaired drivers. Older drivers with a history of at-fault crashes in the prior five years reported more avoidance than those who had crash-free records. Future research should evaluate the potentially beneficial role of self-regulation in enhancing older driver safety, particularly in those older drivers with visual and attentional processing impairments who have elevated crash risk.
Writing on Water, Murmur of Words

Abstract Our project was initiated by a simple, straightforward desire: to write on water, to put a poem on a pond. In this essay, I will discuss the subsequent ‘writing on water’ projects undertaken in conjunction with university classes offered on visual and concrete poetry, its history and application. Here, the students and I were together presented with the challenge of imagining (and manifesting) alternative forms of text, alternative means and methods (other than upon paper or computer screen) of inscribing language onto the environment. The poetic and pedagogical repercussions from these projects proved quite illuminating, as language itself was materially and conceptually re-enlivened, re-imagined as liquid resonance, as floating form.
Strength of a regularly jointed rock mass under biaxial and axisymmetric loading conditions

Abstract The strength of a regularly jointed rock mass is directional. This character depends on the orientation of the joints with respect to the loading directions and the nature and anisotropy of the applied state of stress. Analytical solutions are proposed in this paper to describe the strength of a regularly jointed rock mass under the full range of states of stress that are likely to be encountered in situ with one or several stress components being tensile. The intact rock strength is described by a Hoek and Brown criterion. The joints have no tensile strength and a shear strength described by a Coulomb criterion. Existing analytical models fail to fully take into account the influence of the intermediate stress and the orientation of the joints on the strength of a regularly jointed rock mass. The influence of these parameters is analyzed in this paper for a jointed rock mass under biaxial and axisymmetric loading conditions.
A New Rectangular Plate Element for Vibration Analysis of Laminated Composites

In this paper, a higher order rectangular plate bending element based on a Higher Order Shear Deformation Theory (HSDT) is developed. The element has 4 nodes and 20 degrees of freedom. The transverse displacement is interpolated by using an optimized interpolation function while the additional rotation degrees offreedom are approximated by linear Lagrange interpolation. The consistent element mass matrix is used. A damped element is introduced to the finite element model. The proposed FEM is used to calculate eigenfrequencies and modal damping of composite plates with various boundary conditions and different thicknesses. The results show that the present FEM gives excellent results when compared to other methods and experiment results, and is efficient and reliable for both thick and thin plates. The proposed finite element model does not lock in the thin plate situation and does not contain any spurious vibration mode, and converges rapidly. It will provide a good basis for the inverse analysis of vibration of structure.
A meta-analysis of subjective well-being interventions among elders.

This meta-analysis demonstrated that interventions have a significant (p less than .05) immediate posttreatment influence on elders' subjective well-being but that their beneficial effect dissipates within 1 month. For 28 effect sizes derived from immediate posttreatment occasions (delay = 0 days), the median value was 0.67. Immediate posttreatment effect sizes for control enhancement (M = 1.12), psychoeducational (M = 0.70), and social activity (M = 0.66) treatments were significantly (p less than .05) above zero and not significantly different from each other. In contrast, for 17 effect sizes derived from delayed posttest occasions (delay greater than 0 days), the median value was 0.07. For effect sizes extracted from studies with both an immediate and a delayed posttest, the mean decrease over a 30-day period was 1.02.
Investigation of the effect of gamma-radiation on high-density polyethylene by solid-state magic-angle 13C NMR spectroscopy

The structural and morphological changes occurring in high-density polyethylene when exposed to gamma-radiation have been investigated by high-resolution solid state 13C NMR, NMR measurements are used to study the effect of gamma-radiation on crystalline and amorphous components. In addition, resonance peaks due to direct cross-links have been detected. The changes in main chain unsaturation are also studied.
A marginal cure rate proportional hazards model for spatial survival data.

Summary Dental studies often produce spatially referenced multivariate time-to-event data, such as the time until tooth loss due to periodontal disease. These data are used to identify risk factors that are associated with tooth loss, and to predict outcomes for an individual patient. The rate of spatial referencing can vary with various tooth locations. In addition, these event time data are heavily censored, mostly because a certain proportion of teeth in the population are not expected to experience failure and can be considered ‘cured’. We assume a proportional hazards model with a surviving fraction to model these clustered correlated data and account for dependence between nearby teeth by using spatial frailties which are modelled as linear combinations of positive stable random effects. This model permits predictions (conditioned on spatial frailties) that account for the survival status of nearby teeth and simultaneously preserves the proportional hazards relationship marginally over the random effects for the susceptible teeth, allowing for interpretable estimates of the effects of risk factors on tooth loss. We explore the potential of this model via simulation studies and application to a real data set obtained from a private periodontal practice, and we illustrate its advantages over other competing models to identify important risk factors for tooth loss and to predict the remaining lifespan of a patient's teeth.
Photoinactivation of the μ opioid receptor using a novel synthetic morphiceptin analog

The benzophenone chromophore has been incorporated into a synthetic amino acid (p-benzoyl-L-phenylalanine; L-Bpa) to produce a chemically stable photoaffinity probe. L-Bpa was found to retain the photochemical reactivity of benzophenone. To test the utility of this synthetic amino acid as a photo-reactive probe for receptors, a tetrapeptide analog of morphiceptin was made as a model peptide in which the C-terminal prolinamide was replaced by L-Bpa amide. The affinity of the mu opioid receptor for this peptide is comparable to that for the parent compound, morphiceptin. Irradiation of the peptide-receptor complex reduced the subsequent binding of [3H]naloxone and virtually eliminated that of [3H]Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-NMe-Phe-Gly-ol (DAGO). Binding studies with [3H]naloxone indicated that both the affinity and the capacity were reduced. Competition studies with [3H]D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin (DADLE) and naloxone indicated selective inactivation of a mu type opioid receptor.
Alteration of the Bis-tetrahydrofuran Core Stereochemistries in Asimicin Can Affect the Cytotoxicity

A systematic analysis using 10 synthetic asimicin stereoisomers revealed that the stereochemistry of the bis-tetrahydrofuran core, including the tetrahydrofuran rings and the adjacent hydroxy functions, had significant effect on its cytotoxicity. Our findings set to rest the highly controversial perception that the stereochemistry of the tetrahydrofuran core has little effect on the activity, which is not true for its cytotoxic effect, and also reinforces the previous conclusion that asimicin is a highly potent anticancer compound.
Radiotherapy for large symptomatic hemangiomas

Between 1974 and 1988, 13 patients presented with large (3 to greater than 20 cm) symptomatic unresectable or partially resected hemangiomas. Tumor sites were extremities (five cases), vertebral bodies (three cases), face (two cases), pituitary fossa (one case), pelvic bones (one case), and bladder (one case). Symptoms included severe pain in eight patients, inability to use an extremity in five, vision problems in three, weakness in two, and hematuria with decreased urinary stream in one. Many patients had more than one symptom. Two of the cases were associated with life-threatening consumptive coagulopathies (Kasabach-Merritt syndrome). Therapy was delivered with both orthovoltage and megavoltage photons. Doses ranged from 6.25 to 40.0 Gy in 1.6- to 2.5-Gy fractions. Follow-up ranged from 2 to 15 years (median, 13 years). Tumor shrinkage was noted in 9 (82%) of the 11 cases in which tumor size data were collected before and after therapy. Complete response of tumor mass occurred in 4 (36%) of 11, partial response occurred in 5 (45%), and no response occurred in 2 (18%). No tumor grew after radiotherapy. Some relief in symptoms occurred in all 13 patients; 10 (77%) had complete resolution of symptoms. In both patients with life-threatening cytopenias, hematologic values returned to normal after treatment. Because the majority of the patients responded to all dose levels administered, no firm dose-response relationship was evident. However, objective (measurable) complete responses occurred in two (50%) of the four patients receiving doses of 30 Gy or greater compared with only two (29%) of the seven patients who received lesser doses. No long-term morbidity occurred. Radiotherapy of large unresectable and partially resected hemangiomas yields long-term relief of symptoms and tumor shrinkage in the majority of patients treated.
Program quality characteristics in segregated and inclusive early childhood settings

Abstract Program quality characteristics in 58 community-based early childhood settings which were currently serving at least one child with disabilities were examined. Observations of the environment and classrooms practices were conducted in the classrooms and teachers completed questionnaires related to beliefs in and implementation of Developmentally Appropriate Practices (DAP). Results indicated that segregated and inclusive settings were generally similar across measures of program quality and levels of quality were moderately good in both types of settings. Teacher demographic variables were not related to the selected program quality indicators. The similarity in selected quality characteristics may reflect ongoing convergence in practice and quality in early childhood and early childhood special education settings.
Effect of Lysine at C-Terminus of the Dmt-Tic Opioid Pharmacophore

Substitution of Gly with side-chain-protected or unprotected Lys in lead compounds containing the opioid pharmacophore Dmt-Tic [H-Dmt-Tic-Gly-NH-CH2-Ph, μ agonist/δ antagonist; H-Dmt-Tic-Gly-NH-Ph, μ agonist/δ agonist; and H-Dmt-Tic-NH-CH2-Bid, δ agonist (Bid = 1H-benzimidazole-2-yl)] yielded a new series of compounds endowed with distinct pharmacological activities. Compounds (1−10) included high δ- (Kiδ = 0.068−0.64 nM) and μ-opioid affinities (Kiμ = 0.13−5.50 nM), with a bioactivity that ranged from μ-opioid agonism {10, H-Dmt-Tic-NH-CH[(CH2)4-NH2]-Bid (IC50 GPI = 39.7 nM)} to a selective μ-opioid antagonist [3, H-Dmt-Tic-Lys-NH-CH2-Ph (pA2μ = 7.96)] and a selective δ-opioid antagonist [5, H-Dmt-Tic-Lys(Ac)-NH-Ph (pA2δ = 12.0)]. The presence of a Lys linker provides new lead compounds in the formation of opioid peptidomimetics containing the Dmt-Tic pharmacophore with distinct agonist and/or antagonist properties.
Nazi Propagandist Joseph Goebbels Looks at the Spanish Civil War

(1998). Nazi Propagandist Joseph Goebbels Looks at the Spanish Civil War. The Historian: Vol. 61, No. 2, pp. 341-360.
Garbage Collector Scheduling in Dynamic, Multiprocessor Real-Time Systems

We present a garbage collector scheduling algorithm for dynamic multiprocessor real-time systems called GCMUA. The algorithm considers mutator activities that are subject to time/utility function time constraints, stochastic execution-time and memory demands, and overloads. We prove that GCMUA probabilistically lower bounds each mutators accrued utility, lower bounds the total accrued utility, and upper bounds the assurances sensitivity to variations in execution-time and memory demand estimates. Our simulation results confirm our analytical results.
Up-regulation of MSH receptors by MSH in Cloudman melanoma cells.

Abstract MSH can up-regulate MSH binding capacity of cultured Cloudman melanoma cells in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. Binding is mediated through proteins exhibiting an apparent molecular weight of 50–53kDa, consistent with previous studies implicating them as the principal MSH receptors on Cloudman cells. Pre-incubation of cells with MSH stimulates expression of the receptor proteins both on the plasma membrane surface as well as in internal sites associated with coated vesicles. The effects of MSH are additive with those of UV light, suggesting that UV and MSH might stimulate receptor expression through separate mechanisms.
A molecular mechanics‐NMR pseudoenergy approach to the solution conformation of glycolipids

We present here a protocol for the determination of oligosaccharide solution conformation from a combination of molecular mechanics calculations and NMR distance constraints treated as pseudoenergies. As an illustration of our methodology we have chosen the determination of the solution conformation of the tetrasaccharide headgroup of the glycolipid globoside. In order to test the ability of our methodology to avoid becoming trapped in local minima, we have chosen three starting structures, well displaced from one another in conformational space. The structures obtained upon convergence of the calculations with distance constraint pseudoenergies were quite similar to one another. For two of the three glycosidic linkages in globoside, the results from the calculations were virtually identical for each of the three starting structures. We also apply our protocol to a model which allows for the existence of multiple conformers in an effort to explore the possibility of conformational flexibility in the oligosaccharide headgroup of globoside.
What makes cheap talk effective? Experimental evidence

In some environments, a player only learns the choice of another player if he or she undertakes a risky choice. While costless preplay communication (cheap talk) has been found to be effective in experimental coordination games, participants have typically learned both own payoffs and the other player’s action. Are both of these components necessary for cheap talk to be effective? In our 22 stag hunt game, the safe choice always yields the same payoff, so that information about payoffs does not always identify the other player’s action. We vary whether information is provided about the other person’s play, and whether costless one-way messages can be sent before action choices are made. We find that information provision about the other person’s play increases coordination when there are messages, but otherwise has no effect. D 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V.
A high-accuracy three-dimensional coordinate digitizing system for reconstructing the geometry of diarthrodial joints

Abstract This paper describes the design and performance evaluation of a three-dimensional (3-D) coordinate digitizing system (3-DCDS) for measuring both soft and hard biological tissue. The system incorporates a visible semiconducting laser beam and an X – Y positioning table to directly measure 3-D coordinates that define surface points. Experiments conducted to evaluate the performance of the system showed that it delivers an accuracy of 0.1 μm in the Z -direction and 1.4 μm in the X – Y plane, and an overall system root-mean-squared error (RMSE) of 8 μm on surfaces with slopes of less than 45°. This error is lower than that of previously reported measurement techniques. The 3-DCDS measures 3-D coordinates of surface points uniformly separated by 500 μm in the X – Y plane. Because the 3-DCDS is automated, the coordinates are measured efficiently and the accuracy is independent of operator skill. These highly accurate coordinates can be easily incorporated into nodal values for 3-D finite element models (FEM) of diarthrodial joints. To show the use of the 3-DCDS, the 3-D surface coordinates of human menisci were measured from a cadaver specimen.
USING ITEM ANALYSIS TO IMPROVE TESTS

Every major textbook in measurement discusses the improvement of a test through the use of item statistics. Most students taking a course in test construction remember that item analysis can be useful in item selection decisions. Unfortunately, they tend to forget that item analyses can also be useful for item revision. Too frequently a person doing an item analysis of a multiple-choice test fails to go beyond computing the item difficulty and discrimination indices. When only this superficial analysis is completed, reasons underlying any item failures can not be discerned and item revision is difficult. It is when the responses to each of the foils have been examined that item revision can be accomplished most effectively. The purpose of this paper is to study the value of using a complete item analysis in rewriting items that have been shown to lack appropriate discrimination power. The researchers were interested in seeing whether it was more efficient to rewrite "poor" items than to write new items to improve the discrimination power of a test. METHOD About 600-700 students take an introductory educational psychology course at Michigan State University each term. For many years, a part of the evaluation procedure has been multiple-choice examinations. The tests are revised each quarter. Past revision have been conducted primarily by taking previous exam questions that have discriminated well and are still of appropriate content. These were used together with new items written by the instructors. Seldom were individual items rewritten through revision of the foils and even when that was done, no systematic follow-up of these rewritten items was undertaken to determine whether their discriminating powers improved. An instructor familiar with the course content was asked to review a 60-item test given the previous quarter, and select items that were appropriate in content for the test being prepared. A complete item analysis had been conducted on this test showing the difficulty and discrimination indices, as well as the percent of people in the upper and lower 27% who responded to each alternative.1 Thirty-two items in this test were found to be still appropriate in content. These 32 items were then examined and 18 were found to be acceptable for use without revision, 14 being in need of revision. These 14 items were revised by an instructor. The major revisions were accomplished by looking at the item analysis data on the foils and revising those foils which were not pulling in the proper direction, that is, those which were not more attractive to the lower group than the upper group. The total time needed 'The discrimination index used was the "D" index. See Findley (1956) and Englehart (1965) for a more thorough discussion.
Age Variation in the Relationship Between Community Socioeconomic Status and Adult Health

Research demonstrating that socioeconomic status (SES) differentials in health are smaller at older ages often considers only individual SES measures (e.g., income, education) but not community SES measures (e.g., community poverty rate), although the gerontological literature suggests that community context may be particularly salient in the lives of older adults. This study uses two national surveys of adults, each matched with census data about respondents’ communities, to examine whether the association between community SES and individual health is stronger at consecutively older age groups. The association between community SES and health is nonexistent or weak during younger adulthood, stronger through middle ages, strongest at ages 60 to 69, and weak again at ages 70 and older. At ages 60 to 69, community SES effects are stronger than or comparable to individual SES effects. Community SES should be considered an important dimension of SES when exploring the impact of SES on health over the life co...
Mixing case method with business games: student evaluations

This article explores students' perceived learning from using either a complex business game or a simple one, along with some case studies in business policy courses. The pedagogical differences between the case method and the game method are discussed. The criteria important to teaching business policies are identified. The course pedagogy involves a mix of cases, computerized business games, readings, lectures, and student presentations, with the principal emphasis on cases and games. This experiment was designed to compare the perceived effectiveness of applying a simple versus a complex game as supplements to the case method in a business policy course. There were 159 students in a business policy course who participated in the study. The results seem to indicate that the complex game is pedagogically more effective than the simple game, that the students using the complex game gain more insights into business environment and various functions of the firm, and that the complex game is as effective as ...
Visualizing Hydrodynamic Uncertainty in Operational Oil Spill Modeling

A new method is presented to provide automatic sequencing of multiple hydrodynamic models and automated analysis of model forecast uncertainty on a Linux based multi-processor workstation. A Hydrod...
Instability and Transport of Metal Catalyst in the Growth of Tapered Silicon Nanowires

During metal-catalyzed growth of tapered silicon nanowires, or silicon nanocones (SiNCs), Au-Si eutectic particles are seen to undergo significant and reproducible reductions in their diameters. The reductions are accompanied by the transfer of eutectic droplet mass to adjacent, initially metal catalyst-free substrates, producing secondary nucleation and growth of SiNCs. Remarkably, the catalyst particle diameters on the SiNCs grown on the adjacent substrates are strongly correlated with those on the SiNCs grown on the initially Au-nanoparticle-coated substrate. These post-growth nanoparticle sizes depend on temperature and are found to be independent of the initial nanoparticle sizes. Our modeling and analysis indicates that the size reduction and mass transfer could be explained by electrostatic charge-induced dissociation of the droplet. The reduction in size enables the controlled growth of SiNCs with tip sharpnesses approaching the atomic scale, indicating that metal-catalyst nanoparticles can play an even more dynamic role than previously thought, and suggesting additional modes of control of shape, and of nucleation and growth location.
Effective Local Absorbing Boundary Conditions for a Finite Difference Implementation of the Parabolic Equation

Domain truncation by transparent boundary conditions for open problems where parabolic equation is utilized to govern wave propagation are in general computationally costly. We utilize two approximations to a convolution-in-space type discrete boundary condition to reduce the cost, while maintaining accuracy in far range solutions. Perfectly matched layer adapted to the Crank-Nicolson finite difference scheme is also verified for a 2-D model problem, where implemented results and stability analyses for different approaches are compared.
Development of fibroblast cell lines from the cow used to sequence the bovine genome.

Source/methods: Two cell lines were initiated from 6-mm skin biopsies obtained from the Hereford cow whose DNA was used in sequencing the bovine genome. Biopsies were mechanically disrupted and digested in 0.25% trypsin to release individual cells. Immunohistochemistry was performed using a HistoMark Biotin Streptavidin Kit – AP System (KPL), as per the manufacturer s instructions. The primary antibodies used were mouse monoclonals against cytokeratin (1/5/10/14; Vector Laboratories, Inc.) and vimentin (Invitrogen), and the secondary antibody used was goat-anti-mouse IgG (KPL). The colorimetric portion of the analysis was performed using the HistoMark RED Phosphatase System (KPL). Metaphase chromosome spreads were prepared for cytogenetic analysis by the Cytogenetics Laboratory at the Corriel Institute for Medical Research, Camden, NJ, USA, as previously described. See Appendix S1 for more information.
Susceptibility of House Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Larvae to Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae, Steinernematidae

The potential for entomopathogenic nematodes to control flies in cattle feedlots was determined by screening 40 strains representing 8 species of Heterorhabditis Poinar and 5 species of Steinernema Travassos for virulence toward 3rd-instar house flies (maggots), Musca domestica L. None of the 22 strains of Heterorhabditis infecting maggots caused significant levels of mortality in a filter paper assay. Tell strains of Steinerne infec d maggots, of which 7 strains (4 S. c pocapsae (Weiser). 2 S. feltiae (Filipjev), and I S. scapterisci Nguyen & Smart) caused significant mortality. Ten Heterorhabditis strains and 10 Steinernema strains successfully reproduced for ≥2 generations in maggots. No difference was observed between 72-h survival of maggots and adult emergence. Six strains of Steinernema were selected for 10 generations on maggots and then compared with unselected lines. No difference in pathogenicity between selected and unselected lines was observed. Two strains of S feltiac. SN and UNK-36, and 2 of the best Heterorhabditis strains, H. bacteriophora Poinar OSWEGO and H. megidis Poinar, Jackson & Klein HF-85 were tested in a fresh bovine manure substrate. All 4 strains produced significant fly mortality in the manure substrate, although the S. feltiae strains had significantly lower LC 50 values than did the Heterorhabditis spp. The most promising strain, S. feltiae SN, gave LC 50 and LC 99 values of 4 and 82 infective juveniles The most promising strain, S. feltiae SN, gave LC 50 and LC 99 values of 4 and 82 infective juveniles per maggot, respectively. These doses were equivalent to 2.7 and 55 infective juveniles per gram of manure and 5. 1 and 104 infectiv e juveniles per square centimeter of surface area. Infective juveniles capable of infecting greater wax moth larvae, Galleria mellonella (L.), survived in manure for up to 10 wk without hosts.
Overview of Combination Second-Line or Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drug Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis

This article discusses the use of combinations of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Patients with RA have a disease that can be disabling and life threatening and current therapies do not prevent these complications. The need for more aggressive therapy is apparent. The rationale for combinations of DMARDs is explored and the efficacy and safety of reported combinations is summarized. The variables to be reviewed in selecting a combination of DMARDs are examined. Newer approaches employing multiple DMARDs will be considered.