cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Healthy schools and colleges: what works, what is needed, and why? Part III

– The purpose of this editorial is to provide an overview and brief summary of the present contributions to this third volume of recent Health Education Special Issue submissions on Healthy Schools and Colleges, commissioned early in 2010., – Authors working in the health education arena in either the school or college venues were invited to submit papers concerning current research‐related findings that addressed the topic of “what works, what is needed, and why?” as regards school‐based health education and health promotion efforts. After undergoing traditional peer review, five submissions fulfilling the basic criteria relevant to this volume were selected., – As in earlier volumes, the five papers reported here are reasonably diverse, and cover both the nature of common health problems and/or their solutions in schools, as well as college venues. In line with the first and second volumes of the 2010 series, all authors concur that multiple, rather than single, strategies are needed to support school‐based health programmes and health‐promoting behaviors. They also highlight the fact that health in schools is determined by both individual and collective health behaviors, and multiple rather than single stakeholders are needed to promote the implementation of efficacious programs and their sustainability., – While more research is needed, the ideas embedded in this special issue can assist stakeholders to develop or improve the efficacy and sustainability of school‐ and college‐based health promotion programs. The data specifically provide some direction about what is needed collectively to foster the health of the young people in the context of the health promoting school or college.
Laparoendoscopic single-site pyeloplasty.

Since the inception of laparoscopic surgery, there has been an ongoing effort to develop an even more ‘minimally invasive’ approach to surgery. A novel example of such advancement can be found in laparoendoscopic single-site (LESS) surgery. Performing surgery through a single site of access holds the promise of decreased morbidity, lower blood loss, shorter convalescence, and improved cosmesis. Given the nonextirpative nature of the pyeloplasty procedure, this patient cohort has proven to be the ideal candidates for LESS surgery. The driving force behind adaptation of this newer technique can be attributed to innovations in access sites and devices, instrumentation, optics, and robotic-based assistance. There are now several studies in the published literature demonstrating the feasibility and efficacy of LESS pyeloplasty in both children and adults. Although comparative studies have failed to demonstrate any objective advantage of the LESS pyeloplasty operation, it is important to realize that LESS surgery is still a fairly new technique. Further technological developments and additional studies will ultimately define its role in the field of urologic surgery, and subsequently, its application for the pyeloplasty procedure.
Munchausen syndrome and Munchausen syndrome by proxy in dermatology

Patients with Munchausen syndrome purposefully injure themselves, often with the injection of foreign materials, to gain hospital admission and the attention associated with having a difficult-to-identify condition. Munchausen syndrome by proxy occurs when a child's caregiver, typically the mother, injures the child for the same reasons. Cases of Munchausen syndrome and Munchausen syndrome by proxy with primary cutaneous involvement appear to be rarely described in the literature suggesting either that diagnosis is not made readily or that it is, in fact, an uncommon disorder. At the center of both conditions is significant psychological pathology and treatment is difficult as many patients with Munchausen syndrome when confronted with these diagnostic possibilities simply leave the hospital. Little is known about the long-term outcome or prognosis of these patients.
Influence of decenylsuccinic Acid on water permeability of plant cells.

Decenylsuccinic acid altered permeability to water of epidermal cells of bulb scales of Allium cepa and of the leaf midrib of Rhoeo discolor. Water permeability, as determined by deplasmolysis time measurements, was related to the dose of undissociated decenylsuccinic acid (mm undissociated decenylsuccinic acid x minute). No relationship was found between permeability and total dose of decenylsuccinic acid, or dose of dissociated decenylsuccinic acid, suggesting that the undissociated molecule was the active factor in permeability changes and injury.At doses which did not damage cells (0.0008 to 0.6 [mm of the undissociated molecule x minute]) decenylsuccinic acid decreased water permeability. At higher doses (e.g., 4 to 8 [mm x minute]) injury to cells was common and decenylsuccinic acid increased permeability. Doses above the 10 to 20 (mm x minute) range were generally lethal. The plasmolysis form of uninjured cells was altered and protoplasmic swelling occasionally was observed. The dose-dependent reversal of water permeability changes (decreased to increased permeability) may reflect decenylsuccinic acid-induced changes in membrane structure. Reported effects of decenylsuccinic acid on temperature dependence of permeability and frost resistance were not verified.
Effect of Fe and Zn promoters on Mo/HZSM-5 catalyst for methane dehydroaromatization

Abstract The promotional effect of Fe in the presence and absence of Zn was studied over Mo/HZSM-5 catalysts for the methane dehydroaromatization reaction. The reaction was conducted at 700 °C, 3000 scc/g/h and atmospheric pressure. Adding Fe as the only promoter increased the benzene formation rate by 35% compared to unpromoted Mo after 12 h of reaction time. With Zn as the only promoter the benzene formation rate was initially slightly higher (up to 10%); however, after 3 h it performed similarly to the unpromoted Mo catalyst. When Mo/HZSM-5 was promoted with both Fe and Zn a significant drop (31%) in benzene formation was observed. Temperature programmed oxidation of the spent catalysts suggested that unhydrogenated, high-temperature carbon plays a role in catalyst deactivation of Fe–Zn promoted Mo/HZSM-5 catalyst. Further, Zn-loaded catalysts had a higher formation rate of ethylene, with and without Fe, compared to MoFe catalyst, possibly due to coke formation associated with Zn. Characterization of the catalysts suggested the presence of two types of Zn species. The first type is likely a loosely bound, unstable ZnO, which was reduced and vaporized during the reaction. This was supported by elemental microanalysis of spent catalysts, which showed that more than 50% of Zn was lost during the reaction testing. The second type of Zn is more strongly bound to HZSM-5. This is consistent with the NH 3 -TPD results, where significantly fewer Bronsted acid sites were observed after Zn addition to Mo catalyst. The catalysts were also characterized by XRD, SEM, surface area and micropore analysis, and the correlation between performance and catalyst properties is discussed.
Nursing Care of the Intraaortic Balloon Catheter's Inner Lumen

An inner lumen exists within the intra-aortic balloon for the purpose of introducing a guidewire to facilitate balloon insertion. This inner cannula also can be used for continuous arterial pressure monitoring. However, special precautions are necessary when utilizing this port for arterial monitoring as compared to a conventional radial arterial line. The proximal tip of this arterial pressure monitoring source rests within the proximal aorta in close proximity to the trifurcated vessels coming off the aorta. The possibility of a clot dislodging and entering the trifurcated vessels. Because of the inner lumen's small size and location, special guidelines need to be followed for its care and maintenance. This paper reviews physiological specific to the intraaortic balloon's inner cannula and recommends practice guidelines regarding heparinized or nonheparinized flush solutions, flushing of the inner lumen, and troubleshooting a damped inner cannula arterial waveform.
Three zinc finger nuclear proteins, Sp1, Sp3, and a ZBP-89 homologue, bind to the cyclic adenosine monophosphate-responsive sequence of the bovine adrenodoxin gene and regulate transcription.

Adrenocorticotropin acting through cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) regulates transcription of the bovine adrenodoxin (Adx) gene in the adrenal cortex. The bovine Adx cAMP-responsive transcription sequence (CRS) has previously been found to contain two consensus GC boxes. By use of nuclear extracts from adrenocortical cells, Sp1 and Sp3 are shown here to bind to CRS. Mutations designed to enhance the identification of additional CRS binding proteins by reducing Sp protein binding showed the presence of an additional DNA-binding protein (Adx factor). Adx factor binding is inhibited by the zinc-chelating agent, 1,10-o-phenanthroline, suggesting it might be a zinc finger protein. By a fractionation/renaturation technique the Adx factor in mouse Y1 adrenocortical cells was found to be in the size range of 106-115 kDa by gel mobility shift assay. On the basis of size, the CRS sequence to which it binds, and its tentative identification as a zinc finger protein, Adx factor has been identified as a Kruppel-like zinc finger protein (a mouse ZBP-89 homologue). Further mutagenesis of CRS demonstrates that it can further be divided into two similar cAMP-responsive elements, and elimination of ZBP-89 binding does not affect cAMP responsiveness of either. Expression of these three nuclear proteins in Drosophila SL2 cells has been used to decipher the role of Adx CRS binding proteins in regulating transcription. Sp1 and Sp3 confer basal transcriptional activities, yet only Sp1 confers cAMP-responsive activity. ZBP-89 represses basal transcriptional activity.
Acute myocardial infarction with rupture of the ventricle

Abstract Although rupture of the heart has been known as a clinical entity for 3 centuries, it has come into prominence only with a better understanding of myocardial infarction. Harvey is said to have described the entity in 1647. 1 In 1765, Morgagni reported 11 cases of rupture of the heart, 1 and he placed the cause of rupture on marked fatty myocardial changes. It is interesting that Morgagni himself died of a ruptured heart. 2 Marie, in 1896, was the first to connect correctly coronary artery disease with myocardial infarction. This clinical entity is not at all rare. Krumbhaar and Crowell reviewed the literature in 1925 and found a total of 654 cases. 3 They added 22 cases of their own. An incidence of 9.5 per cent was reported in a series of 105 cases of acute myocardial infarction by Friedman and White. 4 These authors also cited the statistics of Mortlan, who found 42 cases of ruptured heart in a series of 2,000 instances of sudden death. Turnbull and Howell reported 8 cases over a 6 year period. 5 Diaz-Rivera and Miller presented a series of 5 ruptured hearts out of a total of 147 cases of myocardial infarction. 6 all five cases occurred in a group of 53 recent infarctions. In 94 old infarctions of that same series, there were no instances of rupture of the heart. The consensus of the literature places the incidence at approximately 9 per cent in acute myocardial infarction. Jetter and White reported a higher incidence in patients in a mental institution. 7 In their 22 cases there were 16 instances of rupture, an incidence of 73 per cent. The authors stated that in no case was an antemortem diagnosis of myocardial infarction made. We have observed 6 cases of rupture of the ventricle following acute myocardial infarction at The Toledo Hospital. It is the purpose of this paper to present and discuss these cases from the etiologic, pathologic, and diagnostic viewpoints, including a review of the recent literature.
Some considerations on robotics for environmental friendliness

This paper presents a series of considerations regarding the use and potential of robotic devices for supporting humans in a variety of tasks, while maintaining, if not improving, environmental friendliness. One of the main considerations brought forward here relates to the type of human-support functions which the robots are, or will be, expected to perform, and from this, a clear differentiation appears between robots designed to replace humans in environments that were engineered in the past for best human functionality, and robots designed to take functions in the future, in environments which could be better engineered for large-scale human-robot synergy. Other considerations discussed involve the "life-cycle" cleanliness of robotic systems, including the materials needs for their construction, their operation, their disposal and, more importantly, their energy consumption which will impact the cycle of natural resources utilization. These considerations are discussed using a variety of possible robotic systems applications in contexts varied as manufacturing, energy recovery and production, emergency situations handling, traffic improvement, waste management, agriculture, and space exploration. In all these applications, the operation costs and complexity of the robots seem to vary in inverse proportion to the amount of engineering that is feasible to make the task environment more robot-friendly, but with no seemingly direct impact on the potential for environmental friendliness of the robots. >
Anterior cingulate cortex and the Stroop task: neuropsychological evidence for topographic specificity

Neuroimaging studies have implicated the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in many aspects of attention and cognition. Major theories of ACC function have proposed a role in conflict monitoring, executive control, response selection, and general arousal. Although the ACC is often treated as a unitary structure, extensive evidence suggests it exhibits anatomical and functional specificity. ACC activity during the Stroop color word interference task has been of particular interest. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether two different ACC subregions are necessary for intact color naming performance in the Stroop task. One experiment utilized blocked trial and mixed trial designs to emulate neuroimaging studies and to compare interference and facilitation effects, respectively. A third variant manipulated the probabilities of congruent and incongruent trials to alter levels of interference and cognitive control, or engagement of strategic processes, on a block by block basis. Two patients with focal lesions in either right mid-caudal (patient D.L.) or left rostral to mid-dorsal ACC (patient R.N.) exhibited distinctive performance profiles in these three versions of the Stroop task, providing further support for topographic specificity of function within the human ACC. Contrary to predictions from some neuroimaging experiments, damage to right mid-caudal ACC was associated with normal levels of interference and accurate performance on incongruent trials. Instead, D.L. showed reduced levels of facilitation relative to controls. Further, interference was not modulated by the probability manipulation in D.L., suggesting equivalently high levels of cognitive control in both conditions. Conversely, damage to left mid-dorsal ACC resulted in consistently lower accuracy on incongruent trials, indicating deficits in maintaining task set and inhibiting the automatic response. These results can help to constrain interpretations of ACC activations in functional imaging experiments of the Stroop task.
The Impact of Gang Formation on Local Patterns of Crime

Research has demonstrated that even after controlling for individual level attributes, individuals who join gangs commit more crimes than do nongang members. Furthermore, the offending level of gang members is higher when they report being active members of the gang. Therefore, gang membership clearly facilitates offending above and beyond individual level characteristics. But what impact does the onset of gangs have on aggregate crime patterns? By exploring levels and patterns of crime in an “emergent gang city” (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania), the authors test whether the individual level finding linking gang membership to increased offending equates to more crime at the aggregate, citywide level. They also explore the impact that gang formation has on local patterns of crime. Gangs tend to be territorial, but although many qualitative accounts describe the crime-gang relationship within the community, few empirical studies have explored how gangs shape the spatial distribution of crime in and around their t...
Ichthyosis in a nutshell.

1. Tor Shwayder, MD* 1. 2. *Director, Pediatric Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital and Children’s Hospital of Michigan; Assistant Professor of Pediatrics and Dermatology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI. After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Characterize the presentation of ichthyosis vulgaris. 2. Describe the presentation of recessive x-linked ichthyosis and the syndrome with which it is associated. 3. Describe the presentation and etiology of epidermolytic hyperkeratosis. 4. Identify and describe the two major autosomal recessive primary ichthyoses and their etiologies. 5. the primary technique for dry skin care. The ichthyoses are a heterogeneous group of diseases that share one presentation: scaly skin. Not too long ago, all patients who exhibited this characteristic were lumped into one group. In reality, there are differences ranging from localized to generalized scaling; spiny to flat scales; tiny to huge and plate-like scales; and blistering or redness beneath the scale. Careful observation, histopathology, genetics, and biochemistry allow ichthyoses to be categorized into several classes. The term “ichthyosis” comes from the Greek, meaning fish. To understand the ichthyoses, one must be familiar with the internal to external progression of normal skin. Ichthyoses represent abnormalities in the formation and desquamation of the keratinocytes, the most common epidermal cell. The epidermis is arranged in four layers: basal cell, squamous cell (or spiny), granular, and horny. As keratinocytes progress from the basal layer to the horny layer, different keratin proteins are manufactured. Keratins form a structural framework inside the cell that holds the shape similarly to steel girders inside a blimp. As skin tissue matures and moves outward, the keratin proteins are manufactured in a predictable sequence, but mutations can lead to keratins that have different size, shape, and assembly defects, which can affect the size and shape of the cell. At the basal layer, keratin types 5 and 14 are expressed, and as the cell moves up, keratins 1 and 10 are expressed in the spinous and granular layers. Depending on where the genetic error in keratin coding …
The classification of compact connected 2-manifolds

Throughout this section, M is a compact connected 2-manifold, and K is a triangulation of M.
The Granting of Work Release

The process of granting work release is analyzed systematically and empirically. Administrative data on a 10% random sample of the incarcerated male North Carolina prisoners in November 1975 provided the basis for a path analysis. High custody grade was found to have a very strong direct path with the granting of work release, and marital status had a weaker path with it. Court recommendation had an indirect path to work release by positively affecting custody grade. Older prisoners and those with less serious crimes were more likely to receive court recommendations for the granting of work release. For short-term prisoners, strong direct paths between court recommendation and both work release status and custody grade were observed. Work release appears typically to be a sanction for successful performance in a long career in a prison system, and to be effected directly by court recommendation for some prisoners at time of sentencing.
Inhibiting surface flashover for space conditions using magnetic fields

The influence of DC and pulsed magnetic fields on dielectric surface breakdown using pulsed test voltages is investigated for space conditions. Prediction from the saturated surface avalanche breakdown model and the experimental results show magnetic insulation effects i.e. an increase of the flashover voltage at magnetic-field amplitudes as low as 0.1 T. The insulation effects depend on the dielectric material, ambient pressure, surface roughness and presence of background plasma. In order to achieve magnetic insulation without a background plasma, it is sufficient to apply the magnetic field to the cathode region only. >
Navigation Using Environmental Constraints

Location and mobility management are critical issues for the growing worldwide market in location based services (LBS). Existing research generally requires either special hardware to measure time (thus the distance) and angle or manually constructing database maps using one or a combination of techniques such as lateration, triangulation, database mapping or dead reckoning. In contrast, pathways that uniquely exploit sharing spaces among collaborating objects for the purpose of navigation are far less studied. This paper first analyzes the FreeMobility, a simpler but effective location determination technique, that exploits wireless communications abilities under a broad environmental context; then detailed comparison with database mapping based methods is conducted using measurement data from both GSM and Wi-Fi networks. Results indicate that the adoption of environmental constraints will transform wireless localization research from straightforward hardware dominated approaches to a more independent system approach and thus it opens a new window of opportunity valuable to the research community.
Efficacy of using mean arterial blood pressure sequence for three-element Windkessel model estimation.

The three-element Windkessel model is widely used and accepted for analyzing blood flow and pressure in arterial system and cerebral circulation. In most studies, changes in mean arterial blood pressure data is used as input to estimate the model parameters. However, estimation of linear model parameters, using input-output data, requires that the input be persistently exciting. This study examined the efficacy of using mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) sequence as an input stimulus for estimating the parameters of the three-element Windkessel model. Additionally, the study explored the use of a shorter MABP data segment of 1.5 min as compared to the commonly used 6 min data. MABP data was obtained from 11 healthy subjects. One thousand three-element Windkessel models, with parameter values randomly selected to be within physiological range, were subjected to seven different input sequences. For each input sequence and model, the values of the model (target-parameters) were estimated. The seven input sequence were: 1) six minutes of MABP measured from subjects; 2-5) four 1.5 min of measured MABP obtained by dividing the measured six minutes of MABP into non- overlapping contiguous segments; 6) a six-minutes of pseudo random binary sequence (PRBS) with amplitudes comparable to the MABP sequence; and 7) a 1.5 min of PRBS sequence with amplitudes comparable to the MABP sequence. The MABP data used was randomly selected from the 11 subjects for each estimation run. The model parameter estimation method had two phases of optimization. In the first phase, the parameters were estimated and optimized using the frequency transform of the input and output. In the second phase, the values of the estimated parameters were used as initial estimates and time-domain optimization was carried out to further refine the estimates. Results from the study, comparing the estimated-parameters with the target-parameters, show that for the MABP data, there was no significant difference between using the six minutes or 1.5 min of data for estimating the target-parameters. Also, parameters estimated from the MABP data were either equivalent or superior to the PRBS results, suggesting that changes in MABP can be used as an effective sequence for linear model estimation.
Secondary emission of beryllia on beryllium

Thin layers of beryllia (BeO) were formed on beryllium (Be) substrates by oxygen-ion bombardment, heating beryllium in air, and by sputtering BeO. The secondary yield (from both secondary and backscattered electrons) was measured relative to BeO thickness and the contaminants present. The carbon content substantially reduces the yield and an expression was introduced to estimate the effect of other low-yield participants. The voltage for highest yield increased with BeO thickness, the yield versus voltage curves were also shown to be dependent on BeO thickness and exhibited sharp maxima. At greater thicknesses, surface voltage charging was suspected but investigation showed that this was not the case. >
Predicting the probability and volume of postwildfire debris flows in the intermountain western United States

Empirical models to estimate the probability of occurrence and volume of postwildfire debris flows can be quickly implemented in a geographic information system (GIS) to generate debris-flow hazard maps either before or immediately following wildfires. Models that can be used to calculate the probability of debris-flow production from individual drainage basins in response to a given storm were developed using logistic regression analyses of a database from 388 basins located in 15 burned areas located throughout the U.S. Intermountain West. The models describe debris-flow probability as a function of readily obtained measures of areal burned extent, soil properties, basin morphology, and rainfall from short-duration and low-recurrence-interval convective rainstorms. A model for estimating the volume of material that may issue from a basin mouth in response to a given storm was developed using multiple linear regression analysis of a database from 56 basins burned by eight fires. This model describes debris-flow volume as a function of the basin gradient, aerial burned extent, and storm rainfall. Applications of a probability model and the volume model for hazard assessments are illustrated using information from the 2003 Hot Creek fire in central Idaho. The predictive strength of the approach in this setting is evaluated using information on the response of this fire to a localized thunderstorm in August 2003. The mapping approach presented here identifies those basins that are most prone to the largest debris-flow events and thus provides information necessary to prioritize areas for postfire erosion mitigation, warnings, and prefire management efforts throughout the Intermountain West.
Comparing Fish Screen Performance to Physical Design Criteria

Abstract Fish screens associated with irrigation diversion structures perform a vital function by protecting rearing and migrating fishes. Irrigation diversions in the western United States were developed in the late 1800s and early 1900s with little regard to how they might affect fish populations. Fish screens were installed on some diversions beginning in the 1930s but were often ineffective. Beginning in the 1980s a “modern-era” fish screening program was initiated in the Yakima River basin in Washington State. A systematic phased approach was employed, with federal funding, to replace antiquated screens and to install screens where there had not previously been fish protection devices. Also during this time, the federal and state agencies responsible for protecting the fish resources developed regional criteria to guide design of these facilities. These criteria, developed by the National Marine Fisheries Service and used by the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, dictated physical metrics su...
Studies Show Curricular Efficiency Can Be Attained

Educators must guard against teaching subjects rather than stu dents, says this writer, who urges educators to look to the re search for proven, productive instructional approaches.
Dopamine D-2 receptor mediation of response suppression learning of young rats.

In three experiments, the effects of augmenting or blocking dopamine (DA) D-2 receptor activity on the ontogeny of response suppression learning of preweanling rat pups were determined. In the initial experiment, rat pups were trained to traverse a straight alley for nipple attachment to an anesthetized dam. When footshock (0.2 mA, 0.5 sec) was made contingent on responding, younger (11- and 13-day-olds) rat pups were deficient to older (17- and 19-day-olds) pups at withholding punished responding. In the subsequent experiments, response suppression learning was assessed after injecting 11- and 17-day-old rat pups with the specific DA D-2 agonist, LY 171555 (0.005-, 0.01-, and 0.1-mg/kg, i.p.), or the specific DA D-2 antagonist, sulpiride (5.0-, 15.0-, and 50.0-mg/kg, i.p.). LY 171555 enhanced the punished responding of both the 11- and 17-day-old rat pups; whereas, sulpiride increased the punished responding of the 17-, but not the 11-day-olds. In four additional experiments, the effects of LY 171555 and sulpiride on the locomotor activity, nociception, and reinforcement processes of 17-day-old rat pups was assessed. Rat pups given LY 171555 (0.01 mg/kg, i.p.) exhibited enhanced locomotor activity and a trend towards hyperanalgesia using a hot plate task. Sulpiride (15.0 mg/kg, i.p.) completely antagonized LY 171555's activity enhancing effects and had hyperalgesic properties. In two experiments, sulpiride did not affect the nonpunished appetitive responding of the 17-day-olds; whereas, haloperidol-treated pups responded on fewer reinforced trials than did saline-treated pups. Therefore, these results indicate that the response suppression learning of 17-day-old rat pups is mediated, at least partially, by a DAD-2 receptor system, and that D-2 receptors are also involved in the locomotor activity and nociceptive responses of young rat pups.
Queen Victoria's civil list: what did she do with it?*

Queen Victoria made important financial concessions to parliament over the course of her reign. She accepted a smaller civil list and a smaller annuity for her consort than had been paid to any of her predecessors. She disclosed the accounts of the duchies of Lancaster and Cornwall, both of which had formerly been considered private property. She also reduced her income by subjecting it to the newly re-instituted income tax. Despite these concessions, she managed to acquire a considerable private fortune. The principal sources of this fortune were improving incomes from the two duchies and better management of the civil list. Both sources benefited from reforms imposed by the prince consort. The queen used her private fortune to pay for items formerly paid for from public funds. She built houses and erected monuments. She paid partly for the golden jubilee and wholly for the debts that accumulated when the civil list became inadequate from the 1880s. Parliament in turn used evidence of her private fortune to decrease the size and number of public grants to her offspring. Thus, increased parliamentary supervision and better regulation of the civil list improved the queen's private financial position, but also reduced the public burdens.
Nonequilibrium electron transport in strongly correlated molecular junctions

We investigate minimal molecular junction models to account for zero-bias anomaly and the inelastic transport by discrete molecular phonons. Nonlinear transport calculations with the imaginary-time nonequilibrium formalism shows that (highest-occupied-molecular-orbital)--(lowest-unoccupied-molecular-orbital) model with Anderson-Holstein interaction produces significant cotunneling conductance peaks in the vicinity of Kondo resonance, mediated by many-body resonance assisted by phonons at bias equal to the phonon frequency. Destruction of the resonance leads to negative-differential resistance in the sequential tunneling regime.
Effects of nutrition and density in Culex pipiens

Mosquito larvae face numerous biotic and abiotic challenges that affect their development and survivorship, as well as adult fitness. We conducted two experiments under semi-natural conditions to evaluate the effects of intraspecific competition, nutrient limitation and sub-lethal doses of malathion on individual life history traits in adult Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae). In the first experiment, larvae of Cx. pipiens were reared at different intraspecific densities and exposed to sub-lethal doses of malathion. In the second experiment, different intraspecific densities of Cx. pipiens larvae were reared under conditions of low or high larval nutrients, and subsequent adults were fed on either water or 10% sucrose solution. Malathion treatment had relatively minor effects compared with density, which had significant negative effects on development rate, survivorship to adulthood, body size (wing length) and longevity. As larval density increased, a sex ratio distortion in survivorship to adulthood emerged, in which a bias towards males was apparent. Nutrient-rich larval environments alleviated, in part, the effects of increasing density and extended the lifespan of mosquitoes fed on water and 10% sucrose. Density-dependent alterations in adult longevity attributable to the larval environment are complex and show contrasting results depending on interactions with other environmental factors. This study suggests that larval resource availability and competition influence Cx. pipiens population growth correlates and have lasting effects on traits that relate to a mosquito's ability to vector pathogens.
Visual Encoding with Jittering Eyes

Under natural viewing conditions, small movements of the eye and body prevent the maintenance of a steady direction of gaze. It is known that stimuli tend to fade when they are stabilized on the retina for several seconds. However, it is unclear whether the physiological self-motion of the retinal image serves a visual purpose during the brief periods of natural visual fixation. This study examines the impact of fixational instability on the statistics of visual input to the retina and on the structure of neural activity in the early visual system. Fixational instability introduces fluctuations in the retinal input signals that, in the presence of natural images, lack spatial correlations. These input fluctuations strongly influence neural activity in a model of the LGN. They decorrelate cell responses, even if the contrast sensitivity functions of simulated cells are not perfectly tuned to counter-balance the power-law spectrum of natural images. A decorrelation of neural activity has been proposed to be beneficial for discarding statistical redundancies in the input signals. Fixational instability might, therefore, contribute to establishing efficient representations of natural stimuli.
Aging and experience in the recognition of musical transpositions

The authors examined the effects of age, musical experience, and characteristics of musical stimuli on a melodic short-term memory task in which participants had to recognize whether a tune was an exact transposition of another tune recently presented. Participants were musicians and nonmusicians between ages 18 and 30 or 60 and 80. In 4 experiments, the authors found that age and experience affected different aspects of the task, with experience becoming more influential when interference was provided during the task. Age and experience interacted only weakly, and neither age nor experience influenced the superiority of tonal over atonal materials. Recognition memory for the sequences did not reflect the same pattern of results as the transposition task. The implications of these results for theories of aging, experience, and music cognition are discussed.
Medication-induced osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis, a condition of low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration, results in fractures with minimal trauma. Secondary osteoporosis is defined as bone loss resulting from either specific clinical disorders or medications. Some medications that can induce osteoporosis are discussed. Specifically, this article reviews the pathogenesis of glucocorticoid-induced bone loss and demonstrates the means to successfully manage the condition with a combination of calcium and vitamin D supplementation and, depending on the severity of the bone loss, bisphosphonates or parathyroid hormone. In addition, the pathphysiology of bone loss from aromatase inhibitors in women, gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists in men, anticonvulsant medications, and proton pump inhibitors is outlined. Finally, this review offers suggestions on evaluation and management of bone health in individuals treated with these medications for prolonged times.
Flexible Resource Allocation: A Comparison Of Linear Diophantine Analysis And Integer Programming

To help production managers cope with an ever changing and complex business environment, we investigate a flexible methodology for solving integer resource allocation problems. Solutions obtained to an example problem using the Linear Diophantine Equation (LDE) methodology presented are compared to solutions produced using Integer Programming. Tradeoffs are examined and discussed, and suggestions are made for managers facing resource decisions similar to the example studied.
Effects of Various Interventions, Including Mass Trapping with Passive Pitfall Traps, on Low-Level Bed Bug Populations in Apartments

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of various interventions on low-level bed bug, Cimex lectularius L., populations in occupied apartments. The first experiment was conducted in occupied apartments under three intervention conditions: never treated (Group I), recently treated with no further treatment (Group II), and recently treated with continued treatment (Group III). Each apartment was monitored with pitfall-style traps (interceptors) installed at beds and upholstered furniture (sleeping and resting areas) along with ∼18 additional interceptors throughout the apartment. The traps were inspected every 2 wk. After 22 wk, bed bugs had been eliminated (zero trap catch for eight consecutive weeks and none detected in visual inspections) in 96, 87, and 100% of the apartments in Groups I, II, and III, respectively. The second experiment investigated the impact of interceptors as a control measure in apartments with low-level infestations. In the treatment group, interceptors were continuously installed at and away from sleeping and resting areas and were inspected every 2 wk for 16 wk. In the control group, interceptors were placed in a similar fashion as the treatment group but were only placed during 6–8 and 14–16 wk to obtain bed bug counts. Bed bug counts were significantly lower at 8 wk in the treatment group than in the control group. At 16 wk, bed bugs were eliminated in 50% of the apartments in the treatment group. The implications of our results in the development of bed bug management strategies and monitoring protocols are discussed.
Current focus and future advances for Annals of Palliative Medicine.

I am honored and humbled to have been appointed as Editor-in-Chief of Annals of Palliative Medicine . Since its establishment by Dr. Howard Smith and under the leadership of Dr. Zhi-Hua Zhu (1), the journal has enjoyed tremendous success with increases in readership and high-quality manuscript submissions over its first two years since its debut issue in April 2012.
Categorical Foundations of Variable-Basis Fuzzy Topology

This chapter lays categorical foundations for topology and fuzzy topology in which the basis of a space—the lattice of membership values—is allowed to change from one object to another within the same category (the basis of a space being distinguished from the basis of the topology of a space). It is the goal of this chapter to create foundations which answer all the following questions in the affirmative:
Disturbance, Productivity, and Tree Characteristics in the Central Hardwoods Region

Community theory proposes that the taxonomic diversity and characteristics, or traits, of the trees found within a particular forest community is a function of both the productivity and disturbance history of that community. The theory also predicts that niche differentiation to the conditions caused by disturbance is strongest on productive sites and decreases along productivity gradients. Therefore, both taxonomic and trait diversity should be highest on productive sites at scales that encompass a range of disturbance histories, and lowest on poor quality sites where environmental conditions are strong ‘filters’ for plant traits. Using a large data set from the USDA Forest Service, we examine patterns of taxonomic and tree trait diversity with respect to recent disturbance events and productivity across the Central Hardwood Region. Our analyses reveal strong regional trends in diversity, less pronounced trends along the productivity gradient, and little effect of disturbance on tree diversity and characteristics.
Working with the Domain Experts

Designing a classification and recognition system for all entities in the world is difficult, but if we start with some important vertical domains, we might be able to achieve good results with help from domain experts. The plant classification system presents one such example.
Predicting hospital discharge disposition in geriatric trauma patients: is frailty the answer?

BACKGROUNDThe frailty index (FI) has been shown to predict outcomes in geriatric patients. However, FI has never been applied as a prognostic measure after trauma. The aim of our study was to identify hospital admission factors predicting discharge disposition in geriatric trauma patients.METHODSWe
Evidence for an Association Between the Lysozyme Level and the Quality of Egg White

Abstract Bases for an association between the lysozyme level and the quality of egg white have been reviewed by Cotterill and Winter (1955), who obtained results suggesting that a decrease in electrostatic forces between lysozyme and ovomucin is a factor in egg white thinning. That lysozyme concentration itself maybe a factor governing the degree of this electrostatic attraction is suggested by the increase in complexing between lysozyme and its bacterial substrate obtained with increases in lysozyme concentration (Wilcox and Daniel, 1954). Data on pH and albumen quality were available for eggs subsequently analyzed for lysozyme in connection with other experiments to be reported in detail elsewhere. These eggs were from a random sample of White Leghorn pullets and from the second and third generations of lines bred specifically for high and low lysozyme level within each of two strains. On the day after each egg was laid the albumen height was …
Ventilatory adaptations to resistive loading during wakefulness and non-REM sleep

Ventilatory and timing responses to repetitive and sustained inspiratory resistive loading were assessed in six naive male subjects during wakefulness (AW) and non-REM sleep (NREM). In five of six subjects, tidal volume (VT) was maintained or increased with repetitive five-breath loading periods during wakefulness. In these five subjects, mouth occlusion pressure (P100) increased with loading during AW (1.8 +/- 0.5 control vs. 2.2 +/- 0.4 cmH2O loaded, P less than 0.05), but not during NREM (2.1 +/- 1.5 control vs. 2.1 + 1.5 cmH2O loaded). For each state, VT and frequency (f) responses to sustained loads were similar to responses to five-breath loads. During sustained loading; a) VT increased 35% during AW, decreased 28% during NREM, b) f decreased 35% during AW, increased 6% during NREM, c) minute ventilation (VE) decreased 12% during AW, decreased 23% during NREM. Ventilatory responses persisted until arousal (0.4--1.7 min) in NREM. With repetitive loading: a) inspiratory duration (TI) increased during AW but did not change during NREM, b) “duty cycle” (TI/TT) increased with loading in both states. These findings suggest that a) NREM abolishes between-breath augmentations in P100, b) within-breath load compensation is operant during both AW (preserved VT) and NREM (failure of predicted TI prolongation) by differing mechanisms, c) arousal may be a ventilatory compensation to inspiratory resistive loading in NREM.
Water Resources Planning in Urban Areas

Congress authorized the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers to initiate an Urban Studies Program late in fiscal year l972. This program provides a planning service conducted in coordination with local and state officials to address water resources problems in urban areas. The objective is to formulate alternative plans for solving the water resource problems which will have the effect of helping to solve other urban problems. These studies, which take 3 yr. to 4 yr. to complete, provide a Federal planning service with strong public involvement and participation by state and local interests and other Federal agencies. Traditional Corps projects resulting from the plans will be recommended to Congress for construction; wastewater treatment components will meet appropriate requirements of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act of l972 and be utilized by local interests in applying for construction grants administered by the EPA.
Stability of Intravenous Famotidine Stored in Polyvinyl Chloride Syringes

The stability of intravenous famotidine in dextrose 5% injection (D5W), NaCl 0.9% injection (NS), and sterile water for injection stored in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) syringes at 4 degrees C for 14 days was studied. The concentration of famotidine samples was determined at time 0, 7 days, and 14 days by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Samples were inspected for visual changes and tested for changes in pH. Results of the HPLC analysis indicated that the famotidine samples remained within 94-100 percent and 99-103 percent of the time 0 concentrations at 7 and 14 days, respectively. Repeated measures analysis of variance demonstrated a significant time effect on famotidine concentration as concentrations changed over time (p less than 0.01). This change was small in magnitude, however, and concentrations decreased at 7 days and increased at 14 days. Famotidine is stable at a concentration of 2 mg/mL in D5W, NS, and sterile water for injection stored in PVC syringes at 4 degrees C for 14 days.
Transitional Tastes: Food Metaphors and Character Development in Manuel Gutiérrez Aragón’s Half of Heaven (Spain, 1986) and Silvio Caiozzi’s The Moon in the Mirror (Chile, 1990)

AbstractThis paper explores the representation of food in Manuel Gutierrez Aragon’s film Half of Heaven (Spain, 1986) and Silvio Caiozzi’s The Moon in the Mirror (Chile, 1990) as it depicts the political transition from dictatorship to democracy in Spain and Chile. While the Spanish transition was initiated with Francisco Franco’s death in 1975, and the Chilean transition with Augusto Pinochet supposedly stepping down in 1989, in both cases the dictatorial power structures ensured that such a shift in political ideology did not come into effect overnight. As a result, well after Franco’s death and Pinochet’s defeat, the regimes’ institutions remained in place. With this political context in mind, food features prominently as a metaphorical representation of the complex power struggles and political shifts that were occurring in these two countries at this time. In this way, the relationship of food—presented as either good or bad, edible or contaminated—is conflated with character development in such a wa...
Familial hypertriglyceridemia manifests with pancytopenia and bone marrow pseudo–Niemann-Pick cells.

![Figure][1] An asymptomatic 51-year-old man with familial hypertriglyceridemia presented with pancytopenia (white blood cells, 2.8 × 109/L; hemoglobin, 11.9 g/L; and platelets, 77 × 109/L). His only medications were 3 antihyperlipidemic drugs. Lymphadenopathies, hepatosplenomegaly, and/or