cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Path of Genius and Innovation Management

The booms and crises of the economy are subject to certain rules, seen by economists issuing tens and even hundreds of years ago. These rules also affect the development of innovation in society, creating new forms of management fo technological processes and innovation companies. Unfortunately the financial technology develops much slower than technology applied as communications and cleantech. New technology of finance and management is not less important that the development of the technology itself. In next years we expect new forms of venture and innovation funds, and new management approaches to innovation.
Producers' Quasi-Supply during Stock Period—Reply

ROF. CHILD'S comment on my recent paper is in two parts: (1) An attempt at detailed destruction of my analysis of the producer's response to a change in price of a commodity of which he possesses a stock; (2) a less severe criticism of my subsequent development of the producer's quasi-supply function.1 It appears to me that our differences arise basically out of Child's failure to understand the problem with which I was attempting to deal, and his consequent objection that I had failed to solve a different problem that he has in mind. This issue I shall attempt to clarify. Child's failure to understand my problem or my solution of it can be best demonstrated by a restatement of his description of my solution. He writes:
A Moral Guide to Depravity: Religiously Motivated Violence and Sexual Selection

Relying on religion as the basis of one’s morality is problematic. Although religion can motivate positive behaviors and cooperation, it also motivates and exacerbates violence in particular contexts, arguably by being shaped by preexisting mechanisms in evolved human psychology. First, we provide a brief overview of human sexual selection from an evolutionary psychological perspective. Second, we discuss how and why an evolutionary perspective and, in particular, the concepts of intersexual and intrasexual competition may be useful in understanding religiously motivated violence. Third, we present an overview of the research addressing several types of religiously motivated violence, such as mate guarding and controlling behaviors, wife beating and uxoricide, honor killing, child abuse and filicide, male and female genital mutilation, suicide, group violence and war, and terrorism (including suicide terrorism). We highlight the potential advantages that religiously motivated violence may have provided ancestrally within a sexual selection theoretical framework, and we conclude with suggestions for future research.
The Story of the Steel Seizure Case

Youngstown Sheet & Tube & Co. v. Sawyer, in which the Supreme Court invalidated President Truman's seizure of the nation's steel industry, has tremendous rhetorical and symbolic significance in justifying judicial policing of executive action in a range of contexts. Yet as a matter of doctrine, it is difficult to see why the case occupies this position. The decision leaves open a major question about executive power - whether the President can ever claim a nontextual constitutional power to act in an emergency absent, or even contrary to, congressional action. Even the most enduring opinion of the case, Justice Jackson's concurrence, can support both narrow and broad judicial constructions of presidential power. The story of the Steel Seizure case provides important context for modern readers who might perceive a chasm between what the decision stands for and what it says. In resolving the Steel Seizure case, the district court and the Supreme Court could have avoided deciding the underlying constitutional question at several turns. That fact is significant. After the executive branch's own actions provoked the district court to forcefully reject the government's claims, the government moderated its claims, thus inviting the Supreme Court to uphold the seizure on narrow factual grounds. The significance of the Steel Seizure case lies in part in the fact that the Court chose to forgo this path. In celebrating the Steel Seizure case's implications for the judiciary, however, we should not overlook its messages to the political branches, particularly the messages of Justice Jackson's concurrence. The concurrence is famous for the framework it supplies for courts to evaluate presidential power claims - a framework that turns out to be less robust in theory and more malleable in practice than those who celebrate it might prefer. The concurrence's most pointed messages about how to preserve the balance of power between Congress and the President, however, are directed to the political branches. The story of the Steel Seizure case holds lessons not only for those who decide separation of powers questions, but also for those who generate them.
Iwis and Siis in Subsea Control Systems: Experience from Implementation

The Intelligent Well Interface Standard (IWIS) panel published Recommended Practice IWIS RP-AI in October 2007 after 10 years of work and meetings, and IWIS is now closed. This paper will address FMC experience of implementing IWIS in Subsea Control Systems. The practical use of the Recommended Practice, the specific requirements, the constraints and the gaps are illustrated with examples of actual system configurations and field experience. Subsea Instrument Interface Standardization (SIIS) activities have been running in parallel with IWIS and complementing IWIS. Some of the IWIS gaps will be closed as part of SIIS and are presented with description of proposed recommendations. Practical use of SIIS and current gaps are illustrated with examples of actual system configurations and field experience. Subsea Fiber Optical Monitoring (SEAFOM) is also running in parallel with SIIS and FMC has actively participated in IWIS, SIIS and SEAFOM since the beginning. Some of the benefits of participation together wi...
A Water-Based Silver-Nanowire Screen-Print Ink for the Fabrication of Stretchable Conductors and Wearable Thin-Film Transistors

A water-based silver-nanowire (AgNW) ink is formulated for screen printing. Screen-printed AgNW patterns have uniform sharp edges, ≈50 μm resolution, and electrical conductivity as high as 4.67 × 10(4) S cm(-1) . The screen-printed AgNW patterns are used to fabricate a stretchable composite conductor, and a fully printed and intrinsically stretchable thin-film transistor array is also realized.
Reflection on Appraisal System of Medical Damage in China

The technical appraisal of medical damage is crucial to judge's confirming whether the medical party should undertake medical damage liability.As a crucial evidence of medical disputes suits,its expert conclusions impinge directly upon if judge can referee cases justly and reduce medical disputes with reason.The technical appraisal system of medical damage has its advantages and disadvantages.Our country should establish centralized and independent system of the technical appraisal system of medical damage,and build the expert assistant system so as to change the path relying on cross-examination of expert conclusions.Only the fairness of the technical appraisal of medical damage is assured procedurally,can it objectively and justly solve the medical disputes and hear a case of medical malpractice compensation.
Determinants of preferred ground clearance during swing phase of human walking

During each step of human walking, the swing foot passes close to the ground with a small but (usually) non-zero clearance. The foot can occasionally scuff against the ground, with some risk of stumbling or tripping. The risk might be mitigated simply by lifting the foot higher, but presumably at increased effort, of unknown amount. Perhaps the normally preferred ground clearance is a trade-off between competing costs, one for lifting the foot higher and one for scuffing it. We tested this by measuring the metabolic energy cost of lifting and scuffing the foot, treating these apparently dissimilar behaviors as part of a single continuum, where scuffing is a form of negative foot lift. We measured young, healthy adults (N=9) lifting or scuffing the foot by various amounts mid-swing during treadmill walking, and observed substantial costs, each well capable of doubling the net metabolic rate for normal walking (gross cost minus that for standing). In relative terms, the cost for scuffing increased over twice as steeply as that for lifting. That relative difference means that the expected value of cost, which takes into account movement variability, occurs at a non-zero mean clearance, approximately matching the preferred clearance we observed. Energy cost alone is only a lower bound on the overall disadvantages of inadvertent ground contact, but it is sufficient to show how human behavior may be determined not only by the separate costs of different trade-offs but also by movement variability, which can influence the average cost actually experienced in practice.
Radioactivity, Geochemistry, and Health

Radioactive elements are both naturally occurring and anthropogenic in origin, and can be found throughout the geosphere. Naturally occurring radioactive materials are dominated by members of the uranium and thorium decay chains, including radium and radon. Wastes containing elevated levels of these are frequently generated by human activities, such as mining and milling of uranium ore, coal burning, and water treatment. Anthropogenic radionuclides include transuranic elements (e.g., Pu, Np, Am) and fission products (e.g., 99 Tc, 137 Cs), which are produced by nuclear reactions. They are released to the environment during nuclear weapons production and testing and when power plant accidents occur. Spent nuclear fuel, currently stockpiled for eventual disposal, represents a huge reservoir of these materials. Once released to the environment, the behavior of these radionuclides is largely controlled by their geochemistry and by characteristics of the local environment. Aqueous concentrations are commonly determined by radionuclide solubility and sorption, which in turn are controlled by redox state, availability of mineral substrates for sorption, and concentrations of aqueous complexing agents. Here, the sources and environmental behavior of radionuclides, and the exposure pathways and health risks that they pose to human populations are summarized.
The Oral Microbiome of Children: Development, Disease, and Implications Beyond Oral Health

In the era of applied meta-omics and personalized medicine, the oral microbiome is a valuable asset. From biomarker discovery to being a powerful source of therapeutic targets and to presenting an opportunity for developing non-invasive approaches to health care, it has become clear that oral microbes may hold the answer for understanding disease, even beyond the oral cavity. Although our understanding of oral microbiome diversity has come a long way in the past 50 years, there are still many areas that need to be fine-tuned for better risk assessment and diagnosis, especially in early developmental stages of human life. Here, we discuss the factors that impact development of the oral microbiome and explore oral markers of disease, with a focus on the early oral cavity. Our ultimate goal is to put different experimental and methodological views into perspective for better assessment of early oral and systemic disease at an early age and discuss how oral microbiomes-at the community level-could provide improved assessment in individuals and populations at risk.
Digest: Splendid (continental) radiations.

Henry Fairfield Osborn, vertebrate paleontologist and long-time president of the American Museum of Natural History in New York, once referred to adaptive radiation as “one of the essential features of divergent evolution … the idea of differentiation of habit in several directions from a primitive type … . This idea of radiation becomes a means of interpretation, and a way of imagining the relations of extinct and living faunae. As perceived by [E. D.] Cope, it applies both on a small and on a vast scale” (Osborn 1902). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Refinement of insulator-based dielectrophoresis

The ability to separate analytes with increasingly similar properties drives the field of separation science. One way to achieve such separations is using trapping and streaming dielectrophoresis (DEP), which directly exploits the subtle differences in the electrophysical properties of analytes. The non-uniform fields necessary for DEP can be formed using various insulator shapes in microchannels. Current insulator shapes include triangles, diamonds, circles, and rectangles. However, all of these insulators pose problems for trapping, streaming, and sorting (deflection) as the induced fields/gradients are not behaviorally consistent across the lateral dimension. This leads to analytes experiencing different forces depending on their pathline in the microchannel and result in low resolution separations. Based on an iterative process that explored approximately 40 different insulator shapes, a design was chosen that indicated improved particle streamlines, better trapping efficiency, and consistent electrical environments across the lateral dimension. The design was assessed by simulations where the electric field, gradient of the electric field squared, and the ratio of the two were plotted. The improved design includes a unique new multi-length scale element. The multi-length scale structure streamlines the analyte(s) and improves homogeneity in the lateral dimension, while still achieving high gradients necessary for analyte separation using DEP. The design is calculated to keep analytes on the centerline which should improve resolution, and eliminate extraneous trapping zones. Behaviors consistent with the features of the simulations were observed in proof of principle experiments using representative test probes.
Rhabdomyolysis and AKI with Atorvastatin and Sitagliptin Use in the Setting of Low 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels

We report a case of an 86-year-old woman admitted to the hospital with rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury 3 weeks after starting sitagliptin while on long-term atorvastatin therapy. She also had low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and mild chronic kidney disease, which may have contributed to the development of rhabdomyolysis. A review of the literature reveals four previous reports of this drug interaction in elderly patients, some with underlying kidney disease.
Activities of the Committee on War Training Programs

(1944). Activities of the Committee on War Training Programs. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 51, No. 7, pp. 420-421.
Interaction between fructose and glucose on the regulation of the nuclear precursor for mRNA-S14.

Abstract We have examined the mechanism of the carbohydrate induction of rat hepatic mRNA-S14 to the intragastric administration of sucrose and its constituent hexoses, fructose and glucose. A maximal sucrose response (26-fold) was obtained with 2 ml of 60% sucrose/100 g of body weight, yet equimolar concentrations of fructose and glucose were not able to reproduce the response. Fructose yielded less than one-third the response observed with sucrose, whereas glucose administration was ineffective. On the other hand, the simultaneous administration of both hexoses restored the full response observed with sucrose. The synergism between fructose and glucose was not due to the administration of extra calories or enhanced insulin release but was correlated with altered carbohydrate metabolism as reflected by the hepatic pyruvate content (0.058 +/- 0.003 mumol/g fasting, 0.067 +/- 0.009 glucose treated, 0.218 +/- 0.030 fructose treated, 0.292 +/- 0.015 sucrose treated). The time course of induction of mRNA-S14 nuclear precursor in response to fructose, glucose, or sucrose correlated with the mature mRNA-S14 values. In addition, enhanced transcriptional activity of the S14 gene was observed after sucrose feeding (from 25 +/- 8 ppm baseline to 108 +/- 40 ppm at 4 h) and fructose feeding (40 +/- 21 ppm at 4 h). These studies demonstrate that the carbohydrate regulation of mRNA-S14 is due to a synergistic interaction between fructose and glucose reflected in the hepatic pyruvate content and leading to the induction of the nuclear precursor with an associated increase in transcriptional activity of the S14 gene.
Der Mond: Sprungbrett zu den Planeten

Ebbe und Flut haben das Leben auf der Erde entscheidend beeinflust; fur manche Tiere uben sie eine Schlusselfunktion bei der Fortpflanzung aus. Ironischerweise ist der Mond selbst eine ode Wuste, die im wesentlichen uber die vergangenen 3 Milliarden Jahre hinweg unverandert geblieben ist, abgesehen von vereinzelten Meteoriteneinschlagen, die neue Krater erzeugten. Er bildet sozusagen ein Archiv der Entwicklungsgeschichte von Erde und Mond. Aus ihm konnen wir herauslesen, das beide Himmelskorper einem heftigen Strom von Planetesimalen ausgesetzt waren. Als Astronauten in den siebziger Jahren Expeditionen auf dem Mond vornahmen hofften sie, den Schlussel fur dessen Entstehung zu finden. Ihre Reisen brachten uns viele neue Einsichten, von denen in diesem Kapitel die Rede sein soll.
Integrated Measurement for Cross-Platform OpenMP Performance Analysis

The ability to measure the performance of OpenMP programs portably across shared memory platforms and across OpenMP compilers is a challenge due to the lack of a widely-implemented performance interface standard. While the OpenMP community is currently evaluating a tools interface specification called OMPT, at present there are different instrumentation methods possible at different levels of observation and with different system and compiler dependencies. This paper describes how support for four mechanisms for OpenMP measurement has been integrated into the TAU performance system. These include source-level instrumentation (Opari), a runtime “collector” API (called ORA) built into an OpenMP compiler (OpenUH), a wrapped OpenMP runtime library (GOMP using ORA), and an OpenMP runtime library supporting an OMPT prototype (Intel). The capabilities of these approaches are evaluated with respect to observation visibility, portability, and measurement overhead for OpenMP benchmarks from the NAS parallel benchmarks, Barcelona OpenMP Task Suite, and SPEC 2012. The integrated OpenMP measurement support is also demonstrated on a scientific application, MPAS-Ocean.
Considering Human Variability When Implementing Product Platforms

Design for Human Variability (DfHV) is the practice of designing artifacts, tasks, and environments that are robust to the variability in their users. Designs often incorporate adjustability and/or offer several sizes to account for the different requirements of the target user population. There are several situations where DfHV can provide platforming opportunities that might otherwise be overlooked. This chapter provides a brief introduction to DfHV, outlines some basic techniques, and provides a description of scenarios where platforming and modularity might be a good approach.
Cerebellar involvement in an evidence-accumulation decision-making task

To make successful evidence-based decisions, the brain must rapidly and accurately transform sensory inputs into specific goal-directed behaviors. Most experimental work on this subject has focused on forebrain mechanisms. Using a novel evidence-accumulation task for mice, we performed recording and perturbation studies of crus I of the lateral posterior cerebellum, which communicates bidirectionally with numerous forebrain regions. Cerebellar inactivation led to a reduction in the fraction of correct trials. Using two-photon fluorescence imaging of calcium, we found that Purkinje cell somatic activity contained choice/evidence-related information. Decision errors were represented by dendritic calcium spikes, which in other contexts are known to drive cerebellar plasticity. We propose that cerebellar circuitry may contribute to computations that support accurate performance in this perceptual decision-making task.
Role of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Valvular Heart Disease: Diagnosis, Assessment, and Management

This article will review the current techniques in cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) for diagnosing and assessing primary valvular heart disease. The recent advancements in CMR have led to an increased role of this modality for qualifying and quantifying various native valve diseases. Phase-contrast velocity encoded imaging is a well-established technique that can be used to quantify aortic and pulmonic flow. This technique, combined with the improved ability for CMR to obtain accurate left and right ventricular volumetrics, has allowed for increased accuracy and reproducibility in assessing valvular dysfunction. Advancements in CMR technology also allows for improved spatial and temporal resolution imaging of various valves and their regurgitant or stenotic jets. Therefore, CMR can be a powerful tool in evaluation of native valvular heart disease. The role of CMR in assessing valvular heart disease is growing and being recognized in recent guidelines. CMR has the ability to assess valve morphology along with qualifying and quantifying valvular disease. In addition, the ability to obtain accurate volumetric measurements may improve more precise management strategies and may lead to improvements in mortality and morbidity.
Latent Class Analysis of Specialized Palliative Care Needs in Adult Intensive Care Units From a Single Academic Medical Center

Abstract Context In the intensive care unit (ICU), 14% of patients meet criteria for specialized palliative care, but whether subgroups of patients differ in their palliative care needs is unknown. Objectives The objective of this study was to use latent class analysis to separate ICU patients into different classes of palliative care needs and determine if such classes differ in their palliative care resource requirements. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of ICU patients who received specialized palliative care, August 2013 to August 2015. Reason(s) for consultation were extracted from the initial note and entered into a latent class analysis model to generate mutually exclusive patient classes. Differences in “high use” of palliative care (defined as having five or more palliative care visits) between classes were assessed using logistic regression, adjusting for age, race, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and length of stay. Results In a sample of 689 patients, a four-class model provided the most meaningful groupings: 1) Pain and Symptom Management (n = 218, 31.6%), 2) Goals of Care and Advance Directives (GCAD) (n = 131, 19.0%), 3) All Needs (n = 112, 16.3%), and 4) Supportive Care (n = 228, 33.1%). In comparison to GCAD patients, all other classes were more likely to require “high use” of palliative care (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.61 [1.41–4.83] for “All Needs,” aOR 2.01 [1.16–3.50] for “Pain and Symptom Management,” aOR 1.94 [1.12–3.34] for “Supportive Care”). Conclusion Based on the initial reason for consultation, we identified four classes of palliative care needs among critically ill patients, and GCAD patients were least likely to be high utilizers. These findings may help inform allocation of palliative care resources for this population.
Religious Exemptions and Antidiscrimination Law in Masterpiece Cakeshop

Conversation about Masterpiece Cakeshop v. Colorado Civil Rights Commission has revolved around the Court’s holding that decisionmakers must treat those seeking religious exemptions with respect. But this focus misses important aspects of the Court’s decision. In Masterpiece Cakeshop, the Court addresses the relationship between religious exemptions and antidiscrimination law in cases of sexual orientation as well as race. As we show in this essay, the decision supplies more guidance on Free Exercise exemptions under public accommodations laws than most have acknowledged. The Court affirms an approach to public accommodations law that limits religious accommodation to prevent harm to other citizens who do not share the objector’s beliefs, in the process repudiating longstanding arguments for expansive exemptions. We situate the Court’s concerns about the third-party harms of accommodation in Masterpiece Cakeshop in prior caselaw on antidiscrimination law and religious liberty. Finally, we relate the majority’s requirement of government neutrality in the adjudication of religious exemption claims to the majority’s instruction to limit religious exemptions in public accommodations. In particular, we demonstrate that the requirement that the government treat religious claimants evenhandedly and with respect does not translate into a requirement that the government grant religious claimants exemptions from public accommodations laws.
Open versus minimally invasive surgery for rectal cancer: a single-center cohort study on 237 consecutive patients

Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is gaining popularity in rectal tumor treatment. However, contrasting data are available regarding its safety and efficacy. Our aim is to compare the open and MIS approaches for rectal cancer treatment. Two-hundred-thirty-seven patients were included: 113 open and 124 MIS rectal resections. After the propensity score matching analysis (PS), the cases were matched into 42 open and 42 MIS. Short- and long-term outcomes, and pathological findings were analyzed before and after PS. A further comparison of the same outcomes and costs was conducted between the laparoscopic and the robotic approaches. As a whole, a sphincter-preserving procedure was more frequently performed in the MIS group (110 vs 75 cases; p < 0.0001). The estimated blood loss during MIS was significantly lower than during open surgery [127 (± 92) vs 242 (± 122) mL; p < 0.0001], with clear advantages for the robotic approach over laparoscopy [113 (± 87) vs 147 (± 93) mL; p 0.01]. Complication rate was comparable between the two groups. A higher rate of CRM positivity was evidenced after open surgery (12.4% vs 1.7%; p 0.004). A higher number of lymph nodes was harvested in the MIS group [12.5 (± 6.4) vs 11 (± 5.6); p 0.04]. After PS, no difference in terms of perioperative outcomes was noted, with the only exception of a higher blood loss in the open approach [242 (± 122) vs 127 (± 92) mL; p < 0.0001]. For the matched cases, no difference in 5-year overall and disease-free survival was evidenced (p 0.50 and 0.88, respectively). Mean costs were higher for robotics as compared to laparoscopy [9812 (±1974)€ vs 9045 (± 1893)€; p 0.02]. MIS could be considered as a treatment option for rectal cancer. The PS study evidenced clear advantages in terms of estimated blood loss over the open surgery. Costs still remain the main limit for robotics.
Human keratin 1/10‐1B tetramer structures reveal a knob‐pocket mechanism in intermediate filament assembly

Abstract To characterize keratin intermediate filament assembly mechanisms at atomic resolution, we determined the crystal structure of wild‐type human keratin‐1/keratin‐10 helix 1B heterotetramer at 3.0 A resolution. It revealed biochemical determinants for the A 11 mode of axial alignment in keratin filaments. Four regions on a hydrophobic face of the K1/K10‐1B heterodimer dictated tetramer assembly: the N‐terminal hydrophobic pocket (defined by L227 K1 , Y230 K1 , F231 K1 , and F234 K1 ), the K10 hydrophobic stripe, K1 interaction residues, and the C‐terminal anchoring knob (formed by F314 K1 and L318 K1 ). Mutation of both knob residues to alanine disrupted keratin 1B tetramer and full‐length filament assembly. Individual knob residue mutant F314A K1 , but not L318A K1 , abolished 1B tetramer formation. The K1‐1B knob/pocket mechanism is conserved across keratins and many non‐keratin intermediate filaments. To demonstrate how pathogenic mutations cause skin disease by altering filament assembly, we additionally determined the 2.39 A structure of K1/10‐1B containing a S233L K1 mutation linked to epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma. Light scattering and circular dichroism measurements demonstrated enhanced aggregation of K1 S233L /K10‐1B in solution without affecting secondary structure. The K1 S233L /K10‐1B octamer structure revealed S233L K1 causes aberrant hydrophobic interactions between 1B tetramers.
Women's Experiences Using Telemedicine to Attend Abortion Information Visits in Utah: A Qualitative Study

Abstract Introduction Utah requires abortion patients to wait at least 72 hours between attending mandatory information sessions and having an abortion. In 2015, Planned Parenthood Association of Utah began offering telemedicine as a way for patients to attend state-mandated information visits. The purpose of this study was to evaluate patients’ experiences using telemedicine to attend abortion information visits. Methods Between April and October 2017, we conducted 18 in-depth interviews with women who used telemedicine to attend state-mandated information visits. Interviews were qualitatively analyzed using iterative thematic techniques to identify themes related to experience and acceptability of telemedicine to attend information visits. Main Findings Women reported telemedicine helped to minimize the burdens of cost, travel, and time associated with attending two in-person visits. Those who lived near a clinic that offered in-person information sessions reported the additional benefit of maintaining privacy by not being seen at the clinic. Overall, women reported that telemedicine was easy to use and felt the nurse was attentive to their emotions over video. A minority of women said they would have preferred an in-person visit, but the burdens of attending in person led them to choose telemedicine. Conclusions The findings from this study indicate that telemedicine is highly acceptable to patients as a mode of attending state-mandated information visits for abortion. Although telemedicine does not eliminate the logistical and financial burdens previously found to be associated with Utah's 72-hour waiting period and two-visit requirement, telemedicine may reduce the burdens associated with two-visit requirements for abortion and should be adopted in states that require face-to-face information sessions.
Comparable efficacy of prefrontal theta cordance in the prediction of response to antidepressants and rTMS

Objective Previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of reduction of prefrontal theta cordance (RC) after 1week of treatment in the prediction of antidepressant response. Our study aimed to compare the ability of RC in the prediction of response to various treatments. Methods In total, 167 inpatients with MDD were treated with various antidepressants and low-frequency rTMS for 4 weeks. The primary efficacy measure was MADRS score, assessed at baseline, weeks − 1, − 2, and at the end of study. The EEG was recorded at baseline and after 1 week. Prefrontal theta cordance was calculated as an average from Fp1, Fp2 and Fz electrodes. Results Logistic regression identified RC as a predictor of response to SSRI, SNRI, NDRI and rTMS but not for NaSSA. Predictive parameters of RC for response to mentioned antidepressant classes were as follows: For SSRI (N = 58), the AUC of ROC analysis yielded value of 0.77, positive predictive value (PPV) of RC at week 1 was 0.81 and negative predictive values (NPV) of RC at week 1 was 0.73. For SNRI (N = 47), the AUC of ROC analysis yielded value of 0.77, PPV of RC at week 1 was 0.72 and NPV of RC at week 1 was 0.84. For NDRI (N = 22), the AUC of ROC analysis yielded value of 0.87, PPV of RC at week 1 was 0.91 and NPV of RC at week 1 was 0.82. For rTMS (N = 25), the AUC of ROC analysis yielded value of 0.75, PPV of RC at week 1 was 0.6 and NPV of RC at week 1 was 1.0. AUC of ROC analysis of RC were not significantly different among antidepressants. Conclusion Prefrontal QEEG cordance is a promising tool predicting the response to various antidepressive interventions. In this study, the predictive efficacy of 1-week reduction of QEEG prefrontal theta cordance for response to SSRI, SNRI, NDRI and rTMS was comparable.
Large N phases of chiral QCD2

Abstract A matrix model is constructed which describes a chiral version of the large NU (N) gauge theory on a two-dimensional sphere of area A . This theory has three separate phases. The large area phase describes the associated chiral string theory. An exact expression for the free energy in the large area phase is used to derive a remarkably simple formula for the number of topologically inequivalent covering maps of a sphere with fixed branch points and degree n .
Deep decarbonization and renewable energy in the Appalachian Mountains (DDREAM): a socio-ecological systems approach to evaluating ecological governance

Through the lens of ecologically based planning and design decisions for a renewable energy infrastructure, our project investigates a pilot method that assesses ecological, geographic, and sociopolitical opportunities and constraints. This method couples an application of the University of Pennsylvania Suitability Analysis Method, more commonly known as the McHarg Method, and a statistical analysis of the Appalachian Mountain Region of Pennsylvania in the United States. Despite the region’s high-quality natural resources, persistent reliance on coal industries has resulted in disadvantaged socioeconomic distress and risk. By unraveling linkages between socio-ecological systems and governance actions, the results of our pilot described challenges for the Appalachian Mountain Region in transitioning to a renewable energy infrastructure, while also formulating the basis for county-level strategies that may encourage the pro-environmental governance necessary to promote renewable energy initiatives. We find that Appalachian counties’ relatively low levels of infrastructure density, solar irradiation, population growth, limited access to education centers, and high-quality forests present challenges to allocating suitable areas for solar infrastructure. However, clusters of moderately suitable areas are identifiable throughout the region. Yet such opportunities may struggle to support solar energy initiatives as the region suffers from limited pro-environmental governance, particularly in areas with low-density infrastructure and historically higher levels of dependence on natural resource industries. Above all, our findings identify that the relationship between socio-ecological conditions and pro-environmental governance is complex and often in conflict in key areas of the region.
Complete Genome Sequences of Mycobacterium smegmatis Phages NihilNomen and Carlyle, Isolated in Las Vegas, Nevada.

ABSTRACT We present the complete genomes of the Mycobacterium smegmatis phages Carlyle and NihilNomen, isolated from soil in Las Vegas, Nevada. The phages were isolated and annotated by undergraduate students enrolled in the Phage Discovery course offered by the School of Life Sciences at the University of Nevada Las Vegas.
Therapeutic Enhancement of Verteporfin-mediated Photodynamic Therapy by mTOR Inhibitors

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with photosensitizer verteporfin is a clinically approved vascular disrupting modality that is currently in clinical trial for cancer treatment. In this study, we evaluated PDT in combination with either mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin or mTORC1/C2 dual inhibitor AZD2014 for therapeutic enhancement in SVEC endothelial cells. Verteporfin-PDT alone induced cell apoptosis by activating the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. However, it increased the expression of anti-apoptotic protein MCL-1 and the phosphorylation of S6, a downstream molecule of mTOR signaling. In contrast, mTOR inhibitors rapamycin and AZD2014 did not induce apoptosis in SVEC cells. They suppressed MCL-1 expression and S6 phosphorylation and imposed a potent inhibition on cell proliferation. PDT in combination with mTOR inhibitors activated the intrinsic apoptotic pathway and resulted in increased apoptosis. Combination treatments also led to sustained inhibition of cell proliferation. Although AZD2014 was more effective for cell growth inhibition and PDT enhancement than rapamycin at the higher concentrations examined in the study, both inhibitors effectively enhanced PDT response, suggesting that inhibition of mTORC1 is crucial for PDT enhancement. Our results indicate that mTOR inhibitors mechanistically cooperate with PDT for enhanced cell death and sustained growth inhibition, supporting a combination approach for therapeutic enhancement.
Study on finite element analysis of the external heat resistance of cables in ductbank

Abstract Power cable engineering is a critical method for urban power supply, and ductbank laying of cables is a way of underground cable lines. Considering the cost and construction, MPP pipes with poor heat dissipation performance are often used in ductbank. Many cables are arranged densely in the piping group, which reduces the ampacity of cable lines. According to the formula for calculating the ampacity in IEC60287 standard, the external thermal resistance of cable is affected by the laying environment, which is an important factor affecting the ampacity of cable. However, calculation method for the external thermal resistance of directly buried cable and cable laid in air is given in the standard merely, while the external thermal resistance of cable laid in ductbank is not given for each hole. In this paper, using the definition formula of external thermal resistance and finite element analysis method, the thermal resistance of each hole of ductbank is studied, and the external thermal resistance of the ductbank is obtained accurately, which is conducive to the analysis of the ampacity of cable and the rational arrangement of the cable laying hole position.
Novel and Efficient Randomized Algorithms for Feature Selection

Feature selection is a crucial problem in efficient machine learning, and it also greatly contributes to the explainability of machine-driven decisions. Methods, like decision trees and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO), can select features during training. However, these embedded approaches can only be applied to a small subset of machine learning models. Wrapper based methods can select features independently from machine learning models but they often suffer from a high computational cost. To enhance their efficiency, many randomized algorithms have been designed. In this paper, we propose automatic breadth searching and attention searching adjustment approaches to further speedup randomized wrapper based feature selection. We conduct theoretical computational complexity analysis and further explain our algorithms' generic parallelizability. We conduct experiments on both synthetic and real datasets with different machine learning base models. Results show that, compared with existing approaches, our proposed techniques can locate a more meaningful set of features with a high efficiency.
Forced Matched Diuresis: Role in Renal Protection in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory

Prevention of acute kidney injury (AKI) during coronary angiography, stenting, and percutaneous procedures such as transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is critical in reducing post-procedural morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. In this context, there is accumulating evidence supporting maintenance of a high urine output state at the time of the procedure as effective therapy towards reducing AKI. In the acute setting, forcing a high urine output state is safe and potentially effective, as long as there is no associated volume depletion, as might occur with the use of diuretics alone. Forced matched diuresis (FMD) is one such strategy that avoids volume depletion while inducing high urine output. In clinical trials, FMD appears efficacious in preventing AKI in patients undergoing coronary angiography or TAVR. The pathophysiology of potential renoprotection from inducing a matched high urine output state and a summary of available data using this approach in percutaneous cardiac interventions are outlined in this chapter.
Lignin fractionation from laboratory to commercialization: chemistry, scalability and techno-economic analysis

Fractionation represents a promising methodology to refine technical lignin and facilitate lignin valorization. Many lignin fractionation processes have been developed on a laboratory scale, but none have been implemented on a commercial scale. The current publicly available technical and financial performance analyses regarding industrial-scale lignin fractionation are insufficient to justify its feasibility. Herein, we report our detailed techno-economic analysis to provide knowledge and insights into industrial-scale lignin fractionation. Laboratory-scale experiments were performed to collect inputs for process simulation. The solvents were selected based on lignin solubility, potential for commercialization and environmental impacts. Fractionated lignins were thoroughly characterized and their properties exhibited good correlation with molecular weight. The economic analysis revealed that the capital expenditures for a co-located lignin fractionation facility ranged from 20 to 32 million USD, with an operational expenditure between 390 and 460 USD per t. The major operational cost drivers were determined to be raw lignin, solvent make-up, and depreciation. The minimum product selling prices for the low molecular weight fraction were estimated to be between 700 and 1000 USD per t, assuming the high molecular weight fraction has the same value as raw lignin. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the facility scale, the solvent losses, and the raw lignin cost have major impacts on capital expenditures and operational expenditures.
Impact and applicability of pharmacogenomics in rheumatology: an integrated analysis

Objectives Rheumatology medications are often associated with adverse drug reactions (ADRs) or inadequate response (IR). Pharmacogenomics may be a solution, but there is limited knowledge of its potential utility within rheumatology. Methods We analysed medication changes and pharmacogenomically actionable prescriptions for all adult rheumatology outpatient encounters at our medical centre between 10/2012-12/2018. Three sources defined pharmacogenomic actionability: FDA labels, Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium guidelines, and our institutionally-deliverable pharmacogenomic clinical decision support (CDS) summaries. A subset of patients (validation cohort) had previously undergone broad, preemptive pharmacogenomic testing within other clinics but results were unavailable within rheumatology. We assessed the occurrence of specific pharmacogenomic ADRs/IRs in this group. Results From 174,834 prescribing events, 6300/7761 patients (81%) had clinically actionable pharmacogenomic drug prescriptions (i.e. institutional CDS summaries would have been deployable if testing had been done). Using more conservative standards (pharmacogenomically actionable by ≥2 guidance bodies), 4158/7761 (54%) patient prescriptions could have been impacted. The greatest proportions of potentially impacted rheumatologic prescriptions were for tramadol (47%), allopurinol (21%), azathioprine (17%) and celecoxib (8%). Among our validation cohort (94 previously-genotyped patients), 29 (31%) patients had a pharmacogenomic genotype that would have cautioned possible ADRs/IRs for ≥1 medication. Four patients actually suffered ADRs/IRs that would have been predicted by preemptive genotyping. Conclusions Pharmacogenomic genotyping could inform prescribing for the majority of rheumatology patients and may prevent a subset of ADRs/IRs. These findings justify prospective evaluation of pharmacogenomic testing including assessment of cost-effectiveness in selected rheumatology populations to further understand impact on therapy-related toxicities and treatment outcomes.
A Review of Two Network Curvature Measures

The curvature of higher-dimensional geometric shapes and topological spaces is a natural and powerful generalization of its simpler counterpart in planes and other two-dimensional spaces. Curvature plays a fundamental role in physics, mathematics, and many other areas. However, graphs are discrete objects that do not necessarily have an associated natural geometric embedding. There are many ways in which curvature definitions of a continuous surface or other similar space can be adapted to graphs depending on what kind of local or global properties the measure is desired to reflect. In this chapter, we review two such measures, namely the Gromov-hyperbolic curvature measure and a geometric measure based on topological associations to higher-dimensional complexes.
Spectrum Management in Satellite Communications

This chapter discusses the important topic of radio frequency spectrum management, with a focus on its impact on the design and evolution of satellite communications systems. The key to effective spectrum management is the ability to effectively share the radio frequency spectrum among two or more radio communications services using the same frequency band. The chapter offers several spectrum efficiency metrics for the evaluation of radio frequency systems, primarily through the deliberations of the ITU‐R. It presents an array of signal implementation methods suggested by the ITU‐R under each of the four domains that can be used to facilitate spectrum sharing between two or more telecommunications services sharing the same spectrum. Potential radio interference includes not only other operating satellite systems, but also terrestrial communications systems, and other systems emitting energy in the same frequency bands.
Assessing the crash risks of evacuation: A matched case-control approach applied over data collected during Hurricane Irma.

Abstract Recent hurricane experiences have created concerns for transportation agencies and policymakers to find better evacuation strategies, especially after Hurricane Irma—which forced about 6.5 million Floridians to evacuate and caused a significant amount of delay due to heavy congestion. A major concern for issuing an evacuation order is that it may involve a high number of crashes in highways. In this study, we present a matched case-control based approach to understand the factors contributing to the increase in the number of crashes during evacuation. We use traffic data for a period of 5 to 10 min just before the crash occurred. For each crash observation, traffic data are collected from two upstream and two downstream detectors of the crash location. We estimate models for three different conditions: regular period, evacuation period, and combining both evacuation and regular period data. Model results show that, if there exist a high volume of traffic at an upstream station and a high variation of speed at a downstream station, the likelihood of crash occurrence increases. Using a panel mixed binary logit model, we also estimate the effect of evacuation itself on crash risk and find that, after controlling for traffic characteristics, during evacuation the chance of a crash is higher than in a regular period. Our findings have implications for evacuation declarations and highlight the need for better traffic management strategies during evacuation. Future studies may develop advanced real-time crash prediction models which would allow us to deploy proactive countermeasures to reduce crash occurrences during evacuation.
Handbook of Research on Mass Shootings and Multiple Victim Violence

The Handbook of Research on Mass Shootings and Multiple Victim Violence, edited by Gordon A. Crews, is a compilation of research from scholars across the United States and United Kingdom that touch...