cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thermo-economic analysis of solar powered adsorption heat pump

Abstract The economic feasibility of the residential solar thermal (ST) cooling system designed in the companion article [1] is ascertained by comparing it with a solar electric (SE) cooling system, and also with the baseline (i.e., control case), a grid dependent, highest efficiency COPC = 5.66 heat pump. The economic scenario is analyzed for 24 cities across the southern USA, south of the 37°N. The SE cooling system provides lifecycle (20 year) savings to the homeowner only where electric rates are high and it is heavily subsidized. The overall societal effect (sum of taxpayer funded rebate and homeowner savings) is actually an increased cost everywhere except the California Central Valley, where the net savings is $1500. In the same valley, The ST cooling system provides greater lifecycle savings to the homeowner with more modest subsidies, and the overall societal effect is a benefit, a savings of $3600. The far and away best location for a ST system is Hawaii, where it affords homeowner savings of $9900 and societal savings of $7600.
Age-related changes in auditory evoked potentials of gerbils. III. Low-frequency responses and repetition rate effects

The auditory brainstem response (ABR) was recorded non-invasively from Mongolian gerbils ranging in age from 6 to 36 months. The ABR was elicited using gaussian tone bursts at octave intervals from 1 to 16 kHz. Responses were bandpass filtered from 30 to 300 Hz (LF-ABR; low-frequency component) and from 300 to 3000 Hz (HF-ABR; high-frequency component). In Experiment A, the thresholds of the two components (HF- and LF-ABR) were compared in 6- and 36-month subjects. The LF-ABR varied more with age than did the HF-ABR, particularly at stimulus frequencies of 2 kHz and above. As shown previously for the HF-ABR, the latencies of the LF-ABR increased as a function of hearing loss in aged gerbils whereas amplitudes of the LF-ABR were reduced in all aged gerbils, regardless of age-related threshold elevation. In Experiment B, tone bursts were presented at rates of 11-91/s to gerbils aged 6, 18, 30, and 36 months. Increased repetition rate resulted in an increase in the latency of both the HF- and LF-ABR, but to the same degree in each age group. Similarly, the interpeak intervals of the HF-ABR increased as a function of repetition rate in all subjects to the same degree. Increased age and increased repetition rate both resulted in significant reductions in ABR amplitudes, but rate did not interact with age. The data suggest that (1) the LF-ABR may be more sensitive to aging than is the HF-ABR and (2) there are no age-related changes in the HF- or LF-ABR which are dependent upon the repetition rate.
Urban Design As Uneven Development

The political economy shapes how urban development is used in the production of designed space in our cities. The aesthetic quality created in these designed outcomes is unevenly and ultimately inequitably distributed over a city's space. Business interests strategically use how aesthetic value is structured by a social class system when they produce and market the built environment. Public intervention has been used to resolve these inequities, but these actions can reproduce uneven development that was never intended. Urban designers need to address these issues by reshaping how they can become more effective practitioners through critical reasoning.
Gaseous and Particulate Oxidation Products Analysis of a Mixture of α-pinene + β-pinene/O3/Air in the Absence of Light and α-pinene + β-pinene/NOx/Air in the Presence of Natural Sunlight

The gas and particle phase reaction products of a mixture of the atmospherically important terpenes α-pinene and β-pinene with the atmospheric oxidants O3 and OH/NOx were investigated using both gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for identification and quantification of reaction products. The nighttime oxidation of a mixture of α-pinene and β-pinene in the presence of O3/air, and the daytime oxidation of a mixture of α-pinene + β-pinene with NOx air in the presence of natural sunlight were carried out in the University of North Carolina's large outdoor smog chamber (190 m3) located in Chatham County, North Carolina. Mass balances for gaseous and aerosol reaction products are reported over the course of the reaction. More than twenty-nine products were identified and/or quantified in this study. On average, measured gas and particle phase products accounted for ∼74 to ∼80% of the reacted α-pinen/β-pinene mixture carbon. Measurements show that a number of reaction products were found in both O3 and NOx system [pinonaldehyde, pinic acid, pinonic acid, pinalic-3-acid, 4-hydroxypinalic-3-acid, 4-oxonopinone, 1-hydroxy-nopinone, 3-hydroxy-nopinone, and nopinone]. Pinonic acid, pinic acid, pinalic-3-acid, 4-hydroxypinalic-3-acid, and 10-hydroxypinonic acid were observed in the early stage in the aerosol phase and may play an important role in the early formation of secondary aerosols.
On quadrature methods for refractory point process likelihoods

Parametric models of the conditional intensity of a point process (e.g., generalized linear models) are popular in statistical neuroscience, as they allow us to characterize the variability in neural responses in terms of stimuli and spiking history. Parameter estimation in these models relies heavily on accurate evaluations of the log likelihood and its derivatives. Classical approaches use a discretized time version of the spiking process, and recent work has exploited the existence of a refractory period (during which the conditional intensity is zero following a spike) to obtain more accurate estimates of the likelihood. In this brief letter, we demonstrate that this method can be improved significantly by applying classical quadrature methods directly to the resulting continuous-time integral.
Development of a new adaptive two-dimensional joint process estimator

A novel 2-D adaptive filter, based on the 1-D joint process estimator (JPE), is developed. The novel structure, called the 2-D JPE, is composed of a 2-D lattice structure followed by a generalized lower tap-weight arrangement. The proposed 2-D JPE is known to have superior convergence rate performance over the direct-form 2-D adaptive filter when the parameters of the 2-D lattice are fixed at their optimal values. One observed drawback of the fully adaptive 2-D JPE is that it exhibits a rather high convergence floor. >
Adaptive QoS control by toggling voice traffic between circuit and packet cellular networks

As cellular packet data services become widely deployed by the rollout of the networks such as general packet radio service (GPRS) and 3G cellular networks, packet-switched voice service such as voice over IP (VoIP) can soon be expected to be offered as an alternative to circuit-switched voice service. While circuit-switched voice offers better quality, packet-switched voice offers better resource utilization due to its multiplexing and compression techniques that can be used in packet radio principle. Therefore, the capability of having voice service over either circuit-switched network or packet-switched network provides a tradeoff between voice quality and bandwidth utilization. This paper proposes three schemes that allow users to toggle between circuit-switched voice and packet-switched voice based on the desired tradeoff. The basic idea is to allow ongoing voice traffic to alternate between circuit-switched network and packet- switched network using a 3-way calling mechanism in the SIP-enabled GSM/GPRS cellular network. We also show how these toggle schemes can be used depending on the cell load. Detailed performances of the proposed schemes are evaluated using simulation with realistic parameters of a cellular environment. The result shows our schemes can alleviate cell overloading as well as provide the smooth transition of an ongoing call between circuit-switched network and packet-switched network. Our schemes can be easily deployed in any cellular mobile network where circuit-switched network and packet-switched network coexist.
Dispersal barriers and isolation among deep-sea mussel populations (Mytilidae: Bathymodiolus) from eastern Pacific hydrothermal vents

Deep-sea hydrothermal vent species are widely dispersed among habitat islands found along the global mid-ocean ridge system. We examine factors that affect population structure, gene flow and isolation in vent-endemic mussels of the genus Bathymodiolus from the eastern Pacific Ocean. Mussels were sampled from localities including the Galapagos Rift (GAR, 0 degrees 48' N; 86 degrees 10' W) and the East Pacific Rise (EPR, 13 degrees N to 32 degrees S latitude) across a maximum distance of 4900 km. The sampled range crossed a series of topographical features that interrupt linear aspects of the ridge system, and it encompassed regions of strong cross-axis currents that could impede along-axis dispersal of mussel larvae. Examinations of mitochondrial DNA sequences and allozyme variation revealed significant barriers to gene flow along the ridge axis. All populations from the GAR and EPR from 13 degrees N to 11 degrees S were homogeneous genetically and appeared to experience unimpeded high levels of interpopulational gene flow. In contrast, mussels from north and south of the Easter Microplate were highly divergent (4.4%), possibly comprising sister-species that diverged after formation of the microplate approximately 4.5 Ma. Strong cross-axis currents associated with inflated bathymetry of the microplate region may reinforce isolation across this region.
Bring Out the Brilliance: A Counseling Intervention for Underachieving Students:

This study evaluated the impact of a small group counseling intervention designed for students who underachieve. The results of the study demonstrated significant improvement for ninth- and tenth-grade underachieving students in the areas of organizational skills, time management, and motivation. The author discusses implications and recommendations for school counselors working with underachieving students.
"it was a real village" community identity formation among black middle-class residents in Pontchartrain Park

After World War II, members of a small black middle class in southern cities such as Dallas, Atlanta, and New Orleans settled in newly built suburban-style subdivisions of single-family homes. While scholars have examined the design process and political negotiations that led to the development of black middle-class planned subdivisions, very little is known about how and why residents formed communal bonds. This article seeks to understand how original residents in Pontchartrain Park, a subdivision located in New Orleans, Louisiana, created a sense of community in the early years of the neighborhood. The research specifically focuses on the process of community building among adults who spent the majority if not all of their childhood and adolescent years in Pontchartrain Park. Interview data show how residents relied on communal bonds to offset some of their early experiences with racial hostility. Former residents retain strong ties to the neighborhood by attending church services, visiting neighborhoo...
Evolution of ridges by asymmetrical spreading

In Late Cretaceous time the relatively straight crest of the East Pacific Rise developed a remarkably orderly crenelate pattern. Contrary to previous statements, such a pattern can evolve by orthogonal asymmetrical spreading without ridges jumping or otherwise affecting plate rigidity. Such evolution has been observed in wax experiments. Serrate ridges may also evolve if spreading is not orthogonal to transforms.
Neville Chamberlain, the British official mind and the Munich crisis

(1999). Neville Chamberlain, the British official mind and the Munich crisis. Diplomacy & Statecraft: Vol. 10, The Munich Crisis, 1938 Prelude to World War II, pp. 276-292.
Preterm birth and maternal responsiveness during childhood are associated with brain morphology in adolescence

Although supportive parenting has been shown to have positive effects on development, the neurobiological basis of supportive parenting has not been investigated. Thirty-three adolescents were systemically selected from a longitudinal study on child development based on maternal responsiveness during childhood, a measure of supportive parenting, and whether they were born term or preterm. We analyzed the effect of preterm birth on hemispheric and regional (frontal, temporal, parietal) cortical thickness and surface area using mixed-model analysis while also considering the effect of brain hemisphere (left vs. right). We then determined whether these factors were moderated by maternal responsiveness during childhood. Preterm birth was associated with regional and hemispheric differences in cortical thickness and surface area. Maternal responsiveness during childhood moderated hemispheric cortical thickness. Adolescence with mothers that were inconsistently responsive during childhood demonstrated greater overall cortical thickness and greater asymmetry in cortical thickness during adolescence as compared to adolescence with mothers who were consistently responsive or unresponsive during childhood. Maternal responsiveness and preterm birth did not interact. These data suggest that changes in brain morphology associated with preterm birth continue into adolescence and support the notion that the style of maternal-child interactions during childhood influence brain development into adolescence.
Radix-16 signed-digit division

A two-stage algorithm for fixed point, radix-16 signed-digit division is presented. The algorithm uses two limited precision radix-4 quotient digit selection stages to produce the full radix-16 quotient digit. The algorithm requires a two-digit estimate of the (initial) partial remainder and a three-digit estimate of the divisor to correctly select each successive quotient digit. The normalization of redundant signed-digit numbers requires accommodation of some fuzziness at one end of the range of numeric values that are considered normalized. A set of general equations for determining the ranges of normalized signed-digit numbers is derived. Another set of general equations for determining the precisions of estimates of the divisor and dividend are derived. These two sets of equations permit design tradeoff analyses to be made with respect to the complexity of the model division. The specific case of a two-stage radix-16 signed-digit division is presented. The staged division algorithm used can be extended to other radices as long as the signed-digital number representation used has certain properties. >
Chronometric evidence for central postponement in temporally overlapping tasks

When the stimuli from two tasks arrive in rapid succession (the overlapping tasks paradigm), response delays are typically observed. Two general types of models have been proposed to account for these delays. Postponement models suppose that processing stages in the second task are delayed due to a single-channel bottleneck. Capacity-sharing models suppose that processing on both tasks occurs at reduced rates because of sharing of common resources. Postponement models make strong and distinctive predictions for the behaviour of variables slowing particular second-task stages, when assessed in single- and dual-task conditions. In Experiment 1, subjects were required to make manual classification responses to a tone (S1) and a letter (S2), presented at stimulus onset asynchronies of 50, 100, and 400 msec, making R1 responses to S1 as promptly as possible. The second response, R2, but not R1, was delayed in the dual task condition, and the effects of two S2 variables (degradation and repetition) on R2 respon...
Stochastic estimation of organized turbulent structure - Homogeneous shear flow

A generalization of the conditional-eddy concept is proposed in which the conditional event specifies the local kinematic state in terms of the velocity and the deformation. Results are presented for stochastically estimated conditional eddies given the local kinematics. The equation governing the probability density function of a kinematic state has been derived for constant-property incompressible flow, providing a link between coherent flow structures corresponding to the conditional eddies and the modelling of turbulent transport. The primary contributions to the second-quadrant and fourth-quadrant Reynolds-stress events in homogeneous shear flow are shown to come from flow induced through the 'legs' and close to the 'heads' of upright and inverted 'hairpins', respectively.
A note on cross‐profile morphology for glacial valleys

We provide an improvement to the Hirano–Aniya catenary model for the cross-profile morphology of a glacial valley. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiple Error Detection in DNA Self-Assembly Using Coded Tiles

This brief deals with error detection in deoxyribonucleic acid self-assembly; coding and mapping functions are utilized to assess a correct (error-free) attachment of a tile to a site in the growth process. The proposed approach utilizes the coding/mapping features of the bonds in the tile set by utilizing single and multiple (combined) properties. Properties are combined through an iterative process that considers the aggregate of the intended pattern through coding of the bonds. As a widely used pattern and instantiation of this process, the Sierpinski Triangle self-assembly is analyzed in detail. The properties proposed for the Sierpinski Triangle allow extending single-error detection to the scenario of multiple clustered errors.
Extracting Tractosemas from a Displacement Probability Field for Tractography in DW-MRI

In this paper we present a novel method for estimating a field of asymmetric spherical functions, dubbed tractosemas, given the intra-voxel displacement probability information. The peaks of tractosemas correspond to directions of distinct fibers, which can have either symmetric or asymmetric local fiber structure. This is in contrast to the existing methods that estimate fiber orientation distributions which are naturally symmetric and therefore cannot model asymmetries such as splaying fibers. We propose a method for extracting tractosemas from a given field of displacement probability iso-surfaces via a diffusion process. The diffusion is performed by minimizing a kernel convolution integral, which leads to an update formula expressed in the convenient form of a discrete kernel convolution. The kernel expresses the probability of diffusion between two neighboring spherical functions and we model it by the product of Gaussian and von Mises distributions. The model is validated via experiments on synthetic and real diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (DW-MRI) datasets from a rat hippocampus and spinal cord.
Integrating economic analysis and the science of climate instability

Abstract Scientific understanding of climate change and climate instability has undergone a revolution in the past decade with the discovery of numerous past climate transitions so rapid, and so unlike the expectation of smooth climate changes, that they would have previously been unbelievable to the scientific community. Models commonly used by economists to assess the wisdom of adapting to human-induced climate change, rather than averting it, lack the ability to incorporate this new scientific knowledge. Here, we identify and explain the nature of recent scientific advances, and describe the key ways in which failure to reflect new knowledge in economic analysis skews the results of that analysis. This includes the understanding that economic optimization models reliant on convexity are inherently unable to determine an “optimal” policy solution. It is incumbent on economists to understand and to incorporate the new science in their models, and on climatologists and other scientists to understand the basis of economic models so that they can assist in this essential effort.
Are there Hard Examples for Frege Systems

It is generally conjectured that there is an exponential separation between Frege and extended Frege systems. This paper reviews and introduces some candidates for families of combinatorial tautologies for which Frege proofs might need to be superpolynomially longer than extended Frege proofs. Surprisingly, we conclude that no particularly good or convincing examples are known. The examples of combinatorial tautologies that we consider seem to give at most a quasipolynomial speed-up of extended Frege proofs over Frege proofs, with the sole possible exception of tautologies based on a theorem of Frankl.
Defending Synchrophasor Data Networks Against Traffic Analysis Attacks

The use of synchrophasor data for observation and control is expected to enhance the operation and efficiency of the next generation of power systems. However, the specific characteristics of the data generated by synchrophasors makes them particularly vulnerable to cyber attacks. This paper presents a set of strategies to protect the anonymity of synchrophasor data against passive traffic analysis attacks. Considering the periodic nature of synchrophasor data, we propose defense mechanisms based on packet concatenation and random packet drops as a countermeasure against attacks that may use the timing as well as data volume information to compromise the network. In contrast to existing defenses against traffic analysis attacks, our scheme can be easily deployed using the current networking infrastructure as it is based on end-to-end principles and does not require any specialized routers. The proposed defense mechanisms are evaluated using both analysis and simulations.
A Mechanism for Offshore Transport across the Gulf Stream

This paper explores a possible mechanism to explain an atypical phenomenon observed in the Gulf Stream between the Florida Straits and Cape Hatteras, namely, upgradient momentum transport and associated eddyto-mean energy conversion on the cyclonic shear side. The proposed mechanism is based on the results of an experimental study of free surface turbulent jets in a rotating system and on theoretical descriptions of rotating shear flows. Unlike field situations, where Coriolis effects are always present, the laboratory experiment provides a convenient means of comparing turbulence characteristics in rotating and nonrotating systems. Rotation is shown to alter turbulence eddy orientation, thus affecting the momentum transport and energy conversion processes.
Contextualism and developmental psychology.

Publisher Summary This chapter explicates the contextualistic world view and some of its implications for developmental psychology. It deals with developmental implications of the mechanistic and organic world views, which were the predominant world views in American developmental psychology. More recently, the contextualistic world view has gained ground, but some of the gains attributed to it have been misattributions because of misinterpretations of the view. The development of learning, memory, problem solving, and other cognitive processes is more strongly “canalized” during childhood than during adulthood and old age. That is, development in adulthood exhibits more plasticity and stronger environmental influences than in childhood. Consequently, several investigators have concluded that the contextualistic world view is more appropriate than the mechanistic and organic world views as a model or framework for understanding adult development. Contextualism is more appropriate because of its openness to change and its denial of fixity of antecedent-consequent relations, that is, its insistence on the possibility of many-to-one and one-to-many relations rather than one-to-one or even many-to-one if one-to-many is denied. For the same reasons, the contextualistic world view has also seemed more appropriate than the mechanistic and organic world views as a model or framework for understanding development across the entire life span.
Smoking Typewriters: The Sixties Underground Press and the Rise of Alternative Media in America by John McMillian New York: Oxford University Press, 2011. 276 Pp.

(2012). Smoking Typewriters: The Sixties Underground Press and the Rise of Alternative Media in America by John McMillian New York: Oxford University Press, 2011. 276 Pp. American Journalism: Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 126-128.
Agent-Based Modeling of Biological Pathways - A Case-Study on mRNA Export and Quality Control Mechanism

Currently, a substantial gap exists between the methods utilized for modeling biological pathways. While some methods rely heavily on assumptions that prevent them from capturing the spatial detail and stochastic behavior observed in nature, others are designed to account for deeper levels of spatial details and stochasticity but at the cost of increased computational time and resources. Agent-based modeling (ABM) is a highly promising approach that brings together the advantages of detailed spatiotemporal approaches and computationally inexpensive methods. ABMs consist of a collection of agents with governing rules that dictate local behavior and interactions with adjacent agents, eventually predicting the complex behavior that may not be obvious from the individual rules. Our recently developed ABM platform, called BioABM, is primarily designed to capture the dynamics of molecular-scale complex systems by associating diffusion and binding/unbinding constants of biological species to movement and interaction probabilities in ABM. In order to showcase its potential impact as a predictive tool, we apply BioABM to an important, yet not well understood, biological pathway, i.e. messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) export and quality control mechanism. mRNAs are transported to the cytoplasm to transfer genetic information and direct synthesis of functional proteins. Multiple proteins and complexes are involved and the process is meticulously quality controlled by various sophisticated, yet highly efficient, mechanisms in eukaryotic cells. Using BioABM, we explored the dynamics of mRNA export and the mechanism through which aberrant mRNAs are distinguished and retained inside the nucleus. Our results shed light on different aspects of this pathway; addressing factors such as the significance of the expression level of mRNA export factor and the length of mRNA as well as presence of a nuclear basket-associated quality control complex on mRNA export dynamics.
Combining experiential and didactic aspects in a new group therapy training approach.

(1978). Combining Experiential and Didactic Aspects in a New Group Therapy Training Approach. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy: Vol. 28, No. 3, pp. 371-387.
Effect of colostrum or medium-chain triglyceride supplementation on the pattern of plasma glucose, non-esterified fatty acids and survival of neonatal pigs.

A total of 48 neonatal pigs were used to determine whether intubation with colostrum or medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) would enhance glucose homeostasis and survival. Pigs were removed from the sow prior to nursing and alloted to three treatment groups. Fasted pigs received only water for 30 h, whereas those allotted to supplemented groups received either 30 ml of colostrum or 15 ml of MCT at 6 and 16 h after birth (t6 and t16). Supplementation with MCT (t6) resulted in a 2.4-fold elevation in plasma non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentration compared with fasted pigs (260 vs 109 microEq/liter at t8; P less than .05). This difference increased following the second MCT dose (436 vs 117 microEq/liter at t18; P less than .05). Colostrum supplementation also elevated plasma NEFA (201 and 259 microEq/liter at t8 and t18, respectively); however, less triglyceride fatty acid was presented via colostrum compared with MCT. Supplementation with MCT resulted in a greater increase in plasma glucose concentration, relative to fasting levels (75 vs 56 mg/ml at t8; 76 vs 62 mg/ml at t18), than was obtained with colostrum (68 and 65 mg/ml at t8 and t18, respectively). Residual effects of supplementation to t30 were evident for both MCT and colostrum pigs in NEFA levels, but only the MCT group had a greater (P less than .05) concentration of plasma glucose at t30 compared with the fasted group (63 vs 49; P less than .05). This regimen of MCT supplementation was employed in an experiment with nursing pigs to determine whether MCT would improve glucose status and survival of less-competitive pigs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
"Chronic Epstein-Barr virus infection" syndrome and polymyalgia rheumatica

Twenty-three patients with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) followed in an academic rheumatology practice frequently reported symptoms commonly found in the recently described "chronic fatigue syndrome" or "chronic Epstein-Barr infection syndrome." These symptoms persisted for months after treatment had reduced the severity of the myalgias and lowered the sedimentation rate: periodically disabling fatigue (33%), recurrent pharyngitis (30%), sleep disorder (65%) and arthralgias (70%). However, antibody titers to Epstein-Barr virus in the patients with PMR were not significantly different from those in age and sex matched control subjects.
The new problem of distance in morality

What is the problem of distance in morality? The Standard View holds that this is the problem of whether we have a stronger duty to aid strangers who are physically near to us just because they are physically near than we have to aid strangers who are not physically near (that is, who are far), all other things being equal. A Standard Claim concerning this problem is that to say distance is morally relevant implies that our duty to aid a near stranger would be stronger than our duty to aid a far one. Notice that the Standard View about the problem of distance in morality concerns only aiding strangers. It is not thought to be a problem of whether we have stronger duties, in general, to those who are physically near. So, for example, the duties not to harm strangers or to keep promises to aid non-strangers are not thought to be stronger to those who are near than to those who are far. I maintain that the Standard View is not an accurate description of the problem of distance in morality. Why is the Standard View of the problem incorrect? The Standard View conceives of the possibly morally relevant feature of distance as the distance between an agent who can aid and a stranger who needs help. But agents can be near to or far from entities other than a stranger in need of help.
Big Versus Small Data and the Generalizability of the Rate of Computed Tomography Overuse in Minor Head Injury.

In an electronic health record (EHR) chart review of adult ED trauma patients receiving a head CT from 2008-2013 within 14 community EDs, Sharp et al. estimate that approximately 1/3 of computed tomography (CT) scans in head injury are likely avoidable based on the Canadian CT Head Rule (CCHR).1 The analysis includes 27,240 adult trauma patients receiving head CTs and uses in-depth chart review of 100 random encounters with 2 independent abstractors (with high inter-rater reliability) to adjust the estimated number of avoidable CTs—the top Choosing Wisely initiative for emergency medicine.2 Overuse on the order of 1/3 is consistent with findings across the American healthcare system.3 Specifically, overuse on the order of 1/3 is well-established for CT in ED patients with minor head injury. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Body image, impulse buying, and the mediating role of negative affect

Abstract The framework of self-regulation theory was used to examine the relationship between appearance-related concerns, negative affect, and impulse buying. College-aged women (n = 224) completed measures of impulse buying tendencies (affective and cognitive), body image (appearance orientation, appearance evaluation, weighted self-ideal discrepancy, upward physical appearance comparison), and negative affect. Regression analyses using bootstrapping procedures indicated that negative affect mediated the relationship between three of the body image measures, appearance orientation, weighted discrepancy, and upward appearance comparison and affective, but not cognitive, impulse buying. Negative affect was also a mediator between appearance evaluation (body dissatisfaction), and impulse buying, but there was no evidence that appearance dissatisfaction influenced impulse buying tendencies independent of its effect on negative affect. The mediating relationship between body image, negative affect, and the affective component of impulse buying supports the idea that the need to manage or repair negative affect associated with appearance concerns can motivate impulse buying.
Court Like You Mean It: Male Siamese Fighting Fish are Less Attentive to Courting Males that Have Been Exposed to an Estrogen Mimic

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are ubiquitous in aquatic ecosystems where they have adverse effects on exposed organisms. In addition to causing physiological changes, EDCs often target fitness-related behaviors such as locomotion and courtship. Ethinylestradiol (EE2) is an estrogen mimic that has been found to reduce courtship and aggression in males. However, the consequences of these reductions are not always explicitly addressed. One way in which EE2 may lead to decreased fitness occurs when males respond differently to exposed vs. unexposed conspecifics. To examine this, video playback was used to determine whether male Siamese fighting fish, Betta splendens, respond differently to exposed and unexposed males. Males were presented with four different combinations of videos of males played simultaneously: exposed swimming and unexposed swimming, exposed courting and unexposed courting, unexposed courting and unexposed courting, and exposed courting and exposed courting. Males directed more behaviors to the unexposed than the exposed courting male when presented simultaneously, likely because these unexposed males were perceived as a greater threat to mating success. Additionally, males spent more time tracking and gill flaring, two behaviors that are indicative of fight intent, when presented with two courting unexposed males. This combination could be considered the most threatening because there are two rival vigorously courting males present. These results suggest that EE2 exposure could result in exposed males receiving decreased attention from other males. However, since EE2 exposure also decreases competitive and courtship abilities, this would be far outweighed by the costs.
Franco Moretti, The Bourgeois: Between History and Literature. London: Verso, 2014.. 224 pp.

Franco Moretti. The Bourgeois: Between History and Literature. London: Verso, 2014. 224 pp. ISBN: 9781781680858.The story of the bourgeois, as Franco Moretti tells it, is a tragedy. The tale of “ca...
A correlated worker model for grouped, imbalanced and multitask data

We consider the important crowdsourcing problem of estimating worker confusion matrices, or sensitivities and specificities for binary classification tasks. In addition to providing diagnostic insights into worker performance, such estimates enable robust online task routing for classification tasks exhibiting imbalance and asymmetric costs. However, labeled data is often expensive and hence estimates must be made without much of it. This poses a challenge to existing methods. In this paper, we propose a novel model that captures the correlations between entries in confusion matrices. We applied this model in two practical scenarios: (1) an imbalanced classification task in which workers are known to belong to groups and (2) a multitask scenario in which labels for the same workers are available in more than one labeling task. We derive an efficient variational inference approach that scales to large datasets. Experiments on two real world citizen science datasets (biomedical citation screening and galaxy morphological classification) demonstrate consistent improvement over competitive baselines. We have made our source code available.
The Relationship Between Individual Characteristics and Interest in Using a Mobile Phone App for HIV Self-Management: Observational Cohort Study of People Living With HIV

Background: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to be a major health issue in the United States, and an estimated 1.2 million people in the United States are living with HIV. As part of Healthy People 2020, the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion has targeted the persistent demographic and geographic disparities in HIV prevalence and management. Preliminary evidence suggests that mobile health technology (smartphone apps) may be a promising way to support HIV self-management among vulnerable populations of people living with HIV (PLWH) who lack access to appropriate health care services. Objective: This study examines the association between individual characteristics of PLWH and level of interest in using a free mobile phone app for HIV self-management. Methods: This study was conducted using cross-sectional survey data collected in the Florida Cohort Study between 2014 and 2016 (N=766). Associations between individual characteristics of PLWH and level of interest in using a free mobile phone app for HIV self-management were examined using bivariate analysis and logistic regression. Results: Overall, 85.5% (655/766) of respondents were interested in using a free mobile phone app that supports HIV self-management. Participants expressed the highest interest in app functions that facilitate communication with health care providers (568/740, 76.8%) or help to identify relevant health care services (556/745 74.6%). Age (OR 0.959, 95% CI 0.936-0.982), education (OR 1.281, 95% CI 1.027-1.598) and disability or inability to work (OR 0.296, 95% CI 0.145-0.606) were all significantly associated with being interested in using a free mobile phone app for HIV self-management. Conclusions: This study indicates that a majority of PLWH are interested in using a free mobile phone app to self-manage their condition. The findings can inform the development of mobile phone apps that support effective HIV self-management. [JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2017;5(7):e100]
Image-guided percutaneous management of duodenal perforation following endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP): assessment of efficacy and safety.

Aim To evaluate the efficacy and safety of image-guided percutaneous drain placement for duodenal perforation following endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Materials and methods A retrospective review of 7,249 ERCP examinations over a 10-year period was performed to identify cases of duodenal perforation. Indications for ERCP were documented, along with the clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings following perforation. Technical and clinical success of percutaneous drain placement was reviewed. Results Duodenal perforation occurred in 35 of 7,249 patients during the study period. Management included primary surgical debridement (n=2), conservative management consisting of bowel rest, nasogastric/nasojejunal tube placement (n=20), and percutaneous catheter drainage (n=13). Twenty-seven percutaneous drainage catheters were placed in 13 patients, with a mean duration of catheter drainage of 30.9 days (range 4–108 days). Ten patients were successfully treated with percutaneous management alone, and three required subsequent surgical intervention. Conclusion Percutaneous management of duodenal perforation related to ERCP is associated with high technical and clinical success, and may obviate the need for surgical intervention.
Later Stone Age toolstone acquisition in the Central Rift Valley of Kenya: Portable XRF of Eburran obsidian artifacts from Leakey's excavations at Gamble's Cave II

Abstract The complexities of Later Stone Age environmental and behavioral variability in East Africa remain poorly defined, and toolstone sourcing is essential to understand the scale of the social and natural landscapes encountered by earlier human populations. The Naivasha-Nakuru Basin in Kenya's Rift Valley is a region that is not only highly sensitive to climatic changes but also one of the world's most obsidian-rich landscapes. We used portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) analyses of obsidian artifacts and geological specimens to understand patterns of toolstone acquisition and consumption reflected in the early/middle Holocene strata (Phases 3–4 of the Eburran industry) at Gamble's Cave II. Our analyses represent the first geochemical source identifications of obsidian artifacts from the Eburran industry and indicate the persistent selection over time for high-quality obsidian from Mt. Eburru, ~20 km distant, despite changes in site occupation intensity that apparently correlate with changes in the local environment. This result may indicate resilience of Eburran foraging strategies during environmental shifts and, potentially, a cultural preference for a specific lithic material that overcame its accessibility changes. Testing such hypotheses requires a more extensive program of obsidian artifact sourcing. Our findings demonstrate the great potential for sourcing studies in the Rift Valley as well as underscore the amount of work that remains to be done.
Invisible networked publics and hidden contention: Youth activism and social media tactics under repression:

Social media create new channels for young people to engage with civic and political issues outside the confines of traditional public institutions. While social media present new opportunities for...
Connecting Structure-Property and Structure-Function Relationships across the Disciplines of Chemistry and Biology: Exploring Student Perceptions.

To inform future interdisciplinary course reform that may bridge student understanding of structure–property and structure–function relationships across chemistry and biology, undergraduate student...
Genetic mechanisms contributing to the expression of the human hemoglogin loci.

To a greater extent than in any other protein system known, human hemoglobin loci have provided a rich field for the study of the molecular basis of phenotypic variability. At the protein level, over 300 human hemoglobin variants are known. Of these variants, more than 90% involve one of the two main chains, α and β, that comprise the adult form of hemoglobin (α 2 β 2). The balance are variants of the minor components, Hb F (α 2 γ 2) and Hb A2 (α 2δ2). Since variants usually reflect small, discrete abnormalities of primary structure, they have contributed greatly to our understanding of the forces that maintain tertiary and quaternary structure of the hemoglobin molecule and of the role of these structured features in gas transport.
Video Teleconferencing Standards

In recent years, there have been significant developments in videoconferencing and audiovisual services. First, data rates in digital telecommunication services have been constantly improving. For example, integrated services digital networks (ISDNs) may provide switched transmission services at data rates close to 2 Mbits/s. Second, advancements in video compression technology allows videoconferencing signals to be compressed below 64 kbits/s.
InP-on-Si Optically Pumped Microdisk Lasers via Monolithic Growth and Wafer Bonding

On-chip optical light sources are key components in photonic integrated circuits and optical communication. In this paper, we use a novel integration technique called template-assisted selective epitaxy (TASE) to monolithically integrate InP microdisk lasers on silicon. TASE offers several advantages for new device concepts such as lateral doping, dense co-integration of different III–V materials, and in-plane integration with silicon electronics and passive components. Here, we demonstrate room-temperature lasing from InP hexagonal microdisks integrated via TASE. In order to assess and evaluate the viability of TASE, a second InP hexagonal microdisk sample is prepared for comparison using the highly developed and mature direct wafer bonding technique. The lasing performance of the TASE monolithic devices and the bonded microdisk devices is investigated under pulsed optical pumping as a function of temperature and compared. The lasing threshold as well as the light-in light-out curves of our TASE structures compare favorably with the bonded InP hexagonal microdisks. This demonstrates that our TASE approach is a promising technique for the monolithic integration of optical devices on Si.
Improving Respiratory Rate Accuracy in the Hospital: A Quality Improvement Initiative

Respiratory rate (RR) is a predictor of adverse outcomes. However, RRs are inaccurately measured in the hospital. We conducted a quality improvement (QI) initiative using plan-do-study-act methodology on one inpatient unit of a safety-net hospital to improve RR accuracy. We added time-keeping devices to vital sign carts and retrained patient-care assistants on a newly modified workflow that included concomitant RR measurement during automated blood pressure measurement. The median RR was 18 (interquartile range [IQR] 18-20) preintervention versus 14 (IQR 15-20) postintervention. RR accuracy, defined as ±2 breaths of gold-standard measurements, increased from 36% preintervention to 58% postintervention (P 20; 95% CI, -13.5% to -2.2%). Our interdisciplinary, low-cost, low-tech QI initiative improved the accuracy and efficiency of RR measurement.
Influence of wire configuration on resistance to fragment distraction of tension bands placed in a greater trochanteric osteotomy model.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the influence of wiring configurations on initial tension and resistance to tensile loads in tension band constructs without the contributions of Kirschner‐wire stabilization. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental study. SAMPLE POPULATION: A solid brass femur model manufactured on the basis of computed tomography of a normal right femur of a 30‐kg dog modified by transection of the greater trochanter and placement of two pins that did not cross the simulated osteotomy. METHODS: Four tension band configurations were applied to the metal trochanteric osteotomy model: figure‐of‐eight with one twist (OT), figure‐of‐eight with two twists (TT), dual interlocking single loop, and double loop (DL). Configurations were tested under both monotonic loading (n = 8 per configuration) and incremental cyclic loading (n = 8 per configuration). Initial tension after tying, residual tension remaining after each cycle, and failure load at 2 mm of displacement (considered equivalent to clinical failure) were compared between configurations. RESULTS: The initial tension and the load to 2 mm of displacement were lower for OT wires compared with TT wires. The DL was the strongest and most stable configuration, generating 2.3 to 3.5 times greater initial tension, maintaining a greater percentage of residual tension under incremental cyclic loads, and resisting 2.0 to 2.4 times greater load before failure at 2 mm. Failure load was highly correlated with initial tension. CONCLUSION: Wire configurations reaching greater initial tension, such as the DL, allowed constructs to resist higher tensile loads. CLINICAL IMPACT: Wire configurations allowing higher initial tension may be warranted when tension bands are expected to sustain high tensile loads.