cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Coronary vasomotor dysfunction portends worse outcomes in patients with breast cancer.

Impaired MFR in the absence of flow-limiting CAD is associated with adverse events. Cardiovascular disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with breast cancer. We sought to test the utility of MFR to predict outcomes in a cohort of patients with breast cancer. We retrospectively studied consecutive patients with breast cancer or breast cancer survivors who underwent cardiac stress PET imaging from 2006 to 2017 at Brigham and Women’s Hospital. Patients with a history of clinically overt CAD, LVEF < 45%, or abnormal myocardial perfusion were excluded. Subjects were followed from time of PET to the occurrence of a first major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) and all-cause death. The final cohort included 87 patients (median age 69.0 years, 98.9% female, mean MFR 2.05). Over a median follow-up of 7.6 years after PET, the lowest MFR tertile was associated with higher cumulative incidence of MACE (adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio 4.91; 95% CI 1.68-14.38; p = 0.004) when compared with the highest MFR tertile. In patients with breast cancer, coronary vasomotor dysfunction was associated with incident cardiovascular events. MFR may have potential as a risk stratification biomarker among patients with/survivors of breast cancer.
Further Evidence That KCl-Thylakoid Isolation Induced a Localized Proton Gradient Energy Coupling to Become Bulk Phase Delocalized

Thylakoid ATP formation can be driven by a bulk phase delocalized protonmotive force, Δp, such as in the acid-base experiment with succinate as an internal H+ reservoir (1) or in the post-illumination phosphorylation (PIP) protocol with pyridine as the internally accumulated H+ reservoir (2). Other experiments were not consistent with bulk phase delocalized coupling and a localized Ap has been postulated (3). The anomalies in the results demand resolution. Following a suggestion by Sigalat et al. (4), we recently demonstrated that thylakoids isolated in the presence of KCl exhibited pyridine-dependent increases in the length of the lag for the onset of ATP formation and of PIP, while in thylakoids isolated in a resuspension buffer lacking KCl, these parameters were pyridine-insensitive when the external pH was 8 (5). To verify that pyridine was acting as an internal pH buffer, we demonstrate here that at an external pH of 7, the pyridine-dependent effects were as expected from the predictions based on theoritical considerations. These results support and extend our earlier report (5) that KCl induces a shift from localized to bulk phase delocalized proton gradient energy coupling.
Hypersonic Viscous Flow Near the Stagnation Point in the Presence of Magnetic Field

The present study investigates the hypersonic viscous flow past blunt-nosed bodies with hydromagnetic interaction. Localsimilarity solutions of flow field and temperature distribution are near the stagnation-point region. The discussions may be grouped into two parts: the two-dimensional problem (circular cylinder) and axisymmetric problem (sphere). Numerical computations have been carried out for the sphere problem for the "viscous-layer regime," with various magnetic field strengths and electrical conductivities.
Chapter 22. Immunophilins and Immunosuppressive Drug Action

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the progress in understanding the biochemical and biophysical basis for the action of the immunophilins and immunosuppresive drugs. Numerous studies have examined the cellular and molecular mechanism for cyclic peptide cyclosporin A (CsA), macrolide antibiotic (FK-506), and rapamycin mediated immunosuppression. CsA is currently the principle agent used for immunosuppressive therapy in solid organ transplantation and results of ongoing clinical trials with FK-506 suggest a therapeutic index that may surpass CsA. Despite their dissimilar structures, both CsA and FK-506 inhibit Ca +2 dependent signal transduction events essential for the transcription of early T cell activation genes, including IL-2, IL-3,lL-4, and GM-CSF. Initial investigations by Handschumacher and colleagues identified cyclophilin (CyP-A) as a specific cytosolic receptor for CsA. Subsequent studies identified a common receptor for FK-506 and rapamycin, FK-506 binding protein, FKBP12, specifying the 11,820 M r drug receptor protein. Other immunophilin family members have been identified from a wide variety of species, including Saccharomyces , Neurospofa, Drosophile , E. coli , and others. FKBPl2 and FKBP13 have been characterized from several species and more than 20 cyclophilins have been described to date, with the pace of immunophilin protein discovery, exceeding the definition of their physiologic cellular functions. Early investigations examined the direct role of immunophilins in immunosuppression to address if PPlase inhibition was the sole requisite property for drug action. Several studies examined the correlation between immunophilin affinity, immunosuppressive activity, or nephrotoxicity. Consensus states that immunophilin binding is “necessary, but not sufficient” for immunosuppression. The solution conformation of unlabeled CsA and MeAla6-CsA complexed to fully deuterated CyP has been discussed in the chapter and the results bear striking resemblance to the analogous investigations of inactive FK-506 analogs. As has been previously determined, the binding core of CsA is buried in a hydrophobic cleft of CyP with roughly 55% of the ligand left exposed to solvent.
To Heal the Schism

By the last quarter of the twentieth century, the leadership of the Rockefeller Foundation had concluded that past efforts to bridge the gulf between medicine and public health, as well as between curative and preventive medicine, although undoubtedly worthy and constructive left much room for improvement. The task in 1978 was to develop a different and potentially more effective long-term strategy for dealing with the “Principal Problems” and “Root Causes” associated with the decline in medicine’s concern for the public’s health discussed in Chapter 1.
Experiences with a Portable Network Operating System

DACNOS (Distributed Academic Computing Network Operating System) is a prototype network operating system that facilitates cooperation in heterogeneous multi-vendor computing environments. It is an add-on software system that does not replace nor interfere with the existing host operating system, but enables resource sharing with integrated access control and resource management across the network of heterogeneous computers. We describe the DACNOS design goals and the resulting architecture. Our main focus is on our experiences with the development and use of the prototype. In particular we comment on the portability of the system and the experience with newly written applications. It has been shown that DACNOS is a powerful and convenient application enabling platform for distributed computing in heterogeneous environments.
Granular Contact Forces: Proof of "Self-Ergodicity" by Generalizing Boltzmann's Stosszahlansatz and H Theorem

Ergodicity is proved for granular contact forces. To obtain this proof from first principles, this paper generalizes Boltzmann's stosszahlansatz (molecular chaos) so that it maintains the necessary correlations and symmetries of granular packing ensembles. Then it formally counts granular contact force states and thereby defines the proper analog of Boltzmann's H functional. This functional is used to prove that (essentially) all static granular packings must exist at maximum entropy with respect to their contact forces. Therefore, the propagation of granular contact forces through a packing is a truly ergodic process in the Boltzmannian sense, or better, it is self-ergodic. Self-ergodicity refers to the non-dynamic, internal relationships that exist between the layer-by-layer and column-by-column subspaces contained within the phase space locus of any particular granular packing microstate. The generalized H Theorem also produces a recursion equation that may be solved numerically to obtain the density of single particle states and hence the distribution of granular contact forces corresponding to the condition of self-ergodicity. The predictions of the theory are overwhelmingly validated by comparison to empirical data from discrete element modeling.
Stable-isotope fingerprints of biological agents as forensic tools

Naturally occurring stable isotopes of light elements in chemical and biological agents may possess unique "stable-isotope fingerprints" depending on their sources and manufacturing processes. To test this hypothesis, two strains of bacteria (Bacillus globigii and Erwinia agglomerans) were grown under controlled laboratory conditions. We observed that cultured bacteria cells faithfully inherited the isotopic composition (hydrogen, carbon, and nitrogen) of media waters and substrates in predictable manners in terms of bacterial metabolism and that even bacterial cells of the same strain, which grew in media water and substrates of different isotopic compositions, have readily distinguishable isotopic signatures. These "stable-isotopic fingerprints" of chemical and biological agents can be used as forensic tools in the event of biochemical terrorist attacks.
The potential of the Chatanika radar in investigating possible solar/atmosphere coupling

The Chatanika radar, located near Fairbanks, Alaska, has been used for incoherent-scatter studies of the ionosphere since 1971. In this paper we describe some of the results obtained from ionospheric measurements. Recent tropospheric and stratospheric measurements and experiments to determine possible atmospheric and ionospheric interaction are also described.
Nutrition study in pregnancy

Abstract 1.1. The diets of 514 pregnant women were analyzed with the result that only 10 could be termed good, 109 fair, and 295 poor. They fell much below the standard in all elements when compared with the recommended dietary allowances of the National Research Council. 2.2. Caloric, carbohydrate, and fat intake were found to be unaffected by income. The intake of vitamin A, vitamin B 1 , ascorbic acid, and riboflavin rose with the income. Protein, calcium, and iron showed a slight rise with increased income. 3.3. This small series did not show any positive relationship between dietary adequacy and the occurrence of certain complications of pregnancy and childbirth. (a) There was no evidence that toxemia occurs in the presence of insufficient protein, vitamin A or vitamin B 1 intake. (b) There were not enough cases of abortion, hemorrhage, pyelitis and cystitis, and intercurrent infections to justify any conclusions. (c) Protein deficiency did not seem responsible for the production of premature labor in a short series of cases. The same may be said for vitamin A. (d) The number of neonatal deaths and stillbirths was too small to show any positive relationship to dietary inadequacy. (e) The diets of those women who were morbid after delivery did not differ markedly from the remainder of the group with respect to protein, vitamin A, or vitamin C intake. (f) Protein intake apparently had no bearing on the ability of the women to nurse their babies during the hospital stay. 4.4. Eighty-four per cent of a group who presented a history of nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy had an intake below the pregnancy standard of 600 units of vitamin B 1 . 5.5. Two hundred and fifty women in the series experienced an apparently normal reproductive process. Their food intake showed no variation from that of the entire group of 514.
Unraveling the Particle Content of the Cosmic Rays

I understand my task is to report on the part played by cosmic ray research in providing new information on the particles of physics, until such work was gradually driven into oblivion by the advent of the new accelerators. Because of my health, I have not had access to a library except under very trying and difficult circumstances, and hence this paper was prepared at my home, based wholly on a limited amount of material and my own recollections. This has inevitably tended to make for omissions in the paper, to make it less objective and more personal than it otherwise might or should have been. I regret the omission of the contributions provided by the extensive programs of research by Geiger-counters, ionization chambers, and the extremely important results from the photographic emulsion techniques originally devised by Cecil Powell, and later continued by many other investigators. In particular, I regret the omission of the innovative and important series of experiments carried out by Bruno Rossi beginning about 1930 based mainly on the adaptation of Geiger counter techniques to a study of the complex character of the cosmic radiation. His results as well as those of other investigators have had a strong influence on my thinking, and were very helpful in interpreting some of our own results.
Growing Great Minds: Seizing the Opportunity

Teachers must seize the opportunity to grow great minds. Contextualizing the argument in the writing of renowned poets, noted educators, and distinguished moral heroes whose life's work was dedicat...
Wind Tunnel Experiments to Assess the Effect of Back-Mounted Radio Transmitters on Bird Body Drag

To whom reprint requests should be addressed. The aerodynamic drag of bird bodies was measured in a wind tunnel, with and without back-mounted dummy radio transmitters. Flight performance estimates indicate that the drag of a large transmitter can cause a substantial reduction of a migrant9s range, that is, the distance it can cover in non-stop flight. The drag of the transmitter can be reduced by arranging the components in an elongated shape, so minimizing the frontal area. The addition of a rounded fairing to the front end, and a pointed fairing behind, was found to reduce the drag of the transmitter by about onethird, as compared with an unfaired rectangular box.
Potential role of androgens in the treatment of hypoactive sexual desire in women.

Evaluation of: van Anders SM, Chernick AB, Chernick BA et al.: Preliminary clinical experience with androgen administration for pre- and postmenopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire. J. Sex Marital Ther. 31, 173–185 (2005).There has been significant debate about the potential role of androgens in the treatment of hypoactive sexual desire in women. In this study, pre- and postmenopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire were age-matched with women without such complaints (n = 33). The treatment group received 100 mg of testosterone cypionate intramuscularly once a month for 3 months. Measures of salivary testosterone indicated no difference between groups at baseline, with an increase in testosterone levels in the hypoactive sexual desire group post-treatment. While significant differences existed between the two groups at baseline in scores on the Sexual Desire Inventory, the treated women demonstrated a significant increase in sexual desire post-treatment, with no difference in Sexual Desire Inve...
Innovative patient care practices using social media

Abstract Objective To characterize the literature on social media applications used to deliver patient care. Data Sources A search of the literature was conducted on June 11, 2014, using PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Communication Abstracts databases for clinical studies between 2004 and 2014. A combination of the search terms "social media" or "Web 2.0" or "online social networking" or "Facebook" or "Twitter" AND "patient care" or "health care" was used. In addition, 42 additional abstracts were retrieved from www.patientslikeme.com for review. Study selection Only published, peer-reviewed journal articles were considered and only publications in English were included. The abstracts from this search were reviewed for relevance to Web-based social media platforms being used in patient care activities. Data synthesis A total of 35 articles were included in the review. A majority of the studies published on social media and patient care used cross-sectional designs and were conducted in the United States. Multiple social media applications were studied, but Facebook was the predominant social media tool found. Patient care opportunities for various diseases with social media have been studied. Recurring themes included overcoming barriers, engaging and empowering patients, enhancing research, providing information for health promotion, scratching the surface, and potential pitfalls. Conclusion Social media have the potential to help patients and practitioners overcome multiple barriers in the delivery of health care. Maintaining patient privacy, security of information shared in the platform, and integrity of information shared are all concerns when using this type of Web application
Weight loss is correlated with an improved lipoprotein profile in obese postmenopausal women.

Background: Changes in plasma lipid and lipoprotein distributions that occur after menopause increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in women, especially in those who are overweight.Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a nine-month weight reduction program on plasma lipids, dietary intake and abdominal fat obesity.Design: A partial crossover design was used to study a weight loss treatment consisting of Phentermine hydrochloride (Fastin®, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Philadelphia, PA) therapy plus a low energy diet (5040 kJ/d). Forty-seven obese, postmenopausal Caucasian women (BMI of 30–38 kg/m2) were randomized into two groups, both of which received drug and diet treatment over six months. However, Group I started the intervention program three months later than Group II. Plasma total, HDL and LDL cholesterol and triacylglycerol were measured, body composition was assessed by anthropometry and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, and food frequency records were col...
Solution structure of DNA/RNA hybrid duplex with C8-propynyl 2′-deoxyadenosine modifications: Implication of RNase H and DNA/RNA duplex interaction

Abstract Solution structures of DNA/RNA hybrid duplexes, d(GCGCA*AA*ACGCG): r(cgcguuuugcg)d(C) (designated PP57), containing two C8-propynyl 2′-deoxyadenosines (A*) and unmodified hybrid (designated U4A4) are solved. The C8-propynyl groups on 2′-deoxyadenosine perturb the local structure of the hybrid duplex, but overall the structure is similar to that of canonical DNA/RNA hybrid duplex except that Hoogsteen hydrogen bondings between A* and U result in lower thermal stability. RNase H is known to cleave RNA only in DNA/RNA hybrid duplexes. Minor groove widths of hybrid duplexes, sugar puckerings of DNA are reported to be responsible for RNase H mediated cleavage, but structural requirements for RNase H mediated cleavage still remain elusive. Despite the presence of bulky propynyl groups of PP57 in the minor groove and greater flexibility, the PP57 is an RNase H substrate. To provide an insight on the interactions between RNase H and substrates we have modeled Bacillus halodurans RNase H-PP57 complex, our NMR structure and modeling study suggest that the residue Gly(15) and Asn(16) of the loop residues between first β sheet and second β sheet of RNase HI of Escherichia coli might participate in substrate binding.
Ethical and legal views of physicians regarding deactivation of cardiac implantable electrical devices: A quantitative assessment

Background Despite the high prevalence of pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, little is known about physicians' views surrounding the ethical and legal aspects of managing these devices at the end of life. Objective The purpose of this study was to identify physicians' experiences and views surrounding the ethical and legal aspects of managing cardiac devices at the end of life. Methods Survey questions were administered to internal medicine physicians and subspecialists at a tertiary care center. Physicians were surveyed about their clinical experience, legal knowledge, and ethical beliefs relating to the withdrawal of PM and ICD therapy in comparison to other life-sustaining therapies. Results Responses were obtained from 185 physicians. Compared to withdrawal of PMs and ICDs, physicians more often reported having participated in the withdrawal or removal of mechanical ventilation (86.1% vs 33.9%, P Conclusion In this single-center study, internists were less comfortable discussing cessation of PM and ICD therapy compared to other life-sustaining therapies and lacked experience with this practice. Education regarding the legal and ethical parameters of device deactivation is needed.
Abstract 4588: Identification of CDCP1 as a HIF-2α target gene involved in the regulation of cancer cell migration and metastasis.

CUB domain-containing protein 1 (CDCP1) is a transmembrane protein that is highly expressed in stem cells and frequently overexpressed and tyrosine phosphorylated in cancer. CDCP1 promotes cancer cell metastasis. However, the mechanisms that regulate CDCP1 are not well defined. Studies from our laboratory revealed a biochemical pathway by which CDCP1 participates in the activation of Src-family kinase (SFK) members and the coupling of SFK-activation to the phosphorylation and regulation of protein kinase C-delta (PKC-δ). Here we show that hypoxia induces CDCP1 expression and tyrosine phosphorylation in a HIF-2α, but not HIF-1α, dependent fashion. shRNA knockdown of CDCP1 impairs cancer cell migration under hypoxic conditions, while overexpression of HIF-2α promotes the growth of tumor xenografts in association with enhanced CDCP1 expression and tyrosine phosphorylation, as well as, significantly promotes lung metastases in NOD/SCID mice. To investigate the relationship between HIF-2α and CDCP1 expression, we performed a correlation analysis in the largest up-to-date collection (Sanger Cell Line Project) of cancer cell line microarray data (n=732). We found a dramatic concordance in the expression of HIF-2α and CDCP1 (Pearson9s correlation, P Supported by NIH grant 5R01GM056203-15 to L.C.C and Dana Farber/Harvard Cancer Center Career Development Award to B.M.E. Citation Format: Brooke M. Emerling, Cyril Benes, Eric Bell, George Poulogiannis, Kevin Courtney, Hui Lui, Rayman Choo-Wing, Gary Bellinger, Stephen Soltoff, Lewis Cantley. Identification of CDCP1 as a HIF-2α target gene involved in the regulation of cancer cell migration and metastasis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4588. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4588
Filament Winding of Revolution Structures

This paper presents the filament winding of revolution structures on a four-axis machine. A theoretical analysis is done in order to find the stable paths (geodesic) of the fiber on mandrel surface. In order to place the fiber along the stable path, the feed-eye trajectory, linear motion in two directions X and Z, and the corresponding rotation of the mandrel are calculated using a developed closed-form solution. The fourth axis, fourth degree of freedom, which is the feed-eye rotation about the X-axis takes an attention and it is determined in a closed form as well. The feed-eye displacements and speeds are optimized to overcome some undesirable machine actions such as jerky motion and/or lack of fiber tension that results from a sudden change of feed-eye movements. A software package is developed in order to generate the optimized machine movements and postprocessing these data into machine code (G-code) for a different machine controller. An example of the feed-eye motion for winding revolution shapes ...
Robotic-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy: initial clinical experience.

Objectives To report on our initial experience with robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy. Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy requires experience and a lengthy learning curve to successfully accomplish tumor excision and renal reconstruction, which may adversely prolong the ischemia time. The advent of robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery has proved successful in prostate cancer surgery, encouraging a growing number of centers to apply this technology to complex renal surgery. Methods A total of 20 consecutive patients underwent robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy from September 2007 to April 2008. The surgical technique we used followed the standard 4-port laparoscopic partial nephrectomy technique. Renal hilum clamping was used in 12 cases. The demographic data and perioperative outcomes were retrospectively reviewed. Results The mean patient age and body mass index was 66 years and 29 kg/m2, respectively. The mean tumor size was 2.7 cm. The mean operative and warm ischemia time was 142 and 28 minutes, respectively. The mean estimated blood loss was 263 mL, and 3 patients required a blood transfusion. One intraoperative complication required open conversion. Two postoperative complications were observed; 1 patient developed a pulmonary embolism and 1 developed an abscess at the resection site. The average hospital stay was 2.8 days. Pathologic examination of the lesions revealed 14 cases of renal cell carcinoma and 6 of benign lesions. All resection margins were free of tumor. Conclusions The results of our study have shown that robotic partial nephrectomy is safe and practical for patients with small renal tumors considered candidates for open partial nephrectomy. In our experience, the procedure can be performed with safe ischemia time and offers all the advantages of a minimally invasive procedure.
A comment on vine's predator-prey visual detection model

Vine (1971) examines different geometrical spacings of prey in order to determine their risk of visual detection and pursuit by a predator. In his first model, Vine considers a situation where there are n prey (es), each of body length I and all at a distance r from some predator P. This predator can detect a prey (occupying Z/r radians) if that prey is standing completely within 8, radians in front of him (f7,/2 on either side of Ps frontal axis). The predator begins searching for the prey at some angle o! (of initial fixation. This angle is assumed to be uniformly distributed over 2n radians.) P sweeps at a constant rate CJ~ radians/unit time. If there were only one prey and if a = (&-l/r)/2 relative to dead center on the prey, then P will be able to just detect the prey with detection time = 0. If 6: is just slightly larger, then P will have to sweep before finding the prey. The longest detection time is when P just misses the prey (at a = 2n -(0,-I/r)/2) and then sweeps in the direction away from the prey. Vine is attempting to show that if we consider the case where there are n prey, the time before any one of the prey is detected will be maximal if they all group together in one nose-to-tail string. In order to show this, Vine determines the mean detection time for the two most extreme spacing configurations. For the case of n nose-to-tail prey (all on the circle of radius r from P) he determines T,, the mean detection time pine, 1971, p. 411 equation (1 b)] to be :
Continuous overturn control of compactors/rollers by rollover protective structures

The objective of this article is to report on the effectiveness of Rollover Protective Structures (ROPS) in preventing continuous overturns of compactors/rollers. This study is a case-based analysis of government investigation reports of injury-related overturns of compactors/rollers. The overturns were predominately on construction sites including road and embankment construction in the USA. Other sites included driveway and roadway maintenance or repair and transporting of compactors/rollers either by driving or when loading on or unloading from trailers. The principle intervention observed in controlling a continuous overturn (a roll beyond 90° relative to the impact surface) was the presence of a ROPS on a compactor/roller that serves as an anti-roll bar. The main outcome measures are cases of compactor/roller overturns that are restricted to a 90° roll or are continuous (exceed a 90° roll.) All cases of an overturn in which a ROPS was present resulted in no continuous overturn, and the cases involved with no ROPS averaged an overturn of 301°, showing a propensity for a continuous overturn. This case-based analysis identified a ROPS on compactors/rollers as an effective control for reducing the risk of an overturn to 90° relative to the impact plane.
HETEROPHYLLY IN POPULUS GRANDIDENTATA (SALICACEAE) WITH EMPHASIS ON RESIN GLANDS AND EXTRAFLORAL NECTARIES

Big-tooth aspen displays heterophylly on twigs of saplings and on upper, vigorously growing twigs of larger trees. Early leaves, those present in overwintering buds which expand in spring, differ from late leaves, those that are mostly initiated and developed during the late spring and summer of the same year. The two sets of leaves differ in size, shape, number of teeth, number of marginal resin glands, and number and size of basilaminar extrafloral nectaries. Secretory structures are generally more prominent and active on late leaves. Marginal resin glands, resin-secreting stipules, and basilaminar nectaries of both early and late leaves are similar anatomically, having a secretory epidermis of cytoplasmically dense palisade-like cells separated from vascular bundle endings by several layers of isodiametric parenchyma. These secretory structures, and the dense mat of trichomes which cover the leaf until it fully expands, may help to protect the young leaves from insect damage. The basilaminar nectaries seem especially effective because they attract ants that probably discourage visits by other insects. DURING THE GROWING season many, perhaps most, north temperate trees bear only those
Photoelectron Spectroscopy of the Trimethylene- methane Negative Ion. The Singlet−Triplet Splitting of Trimethylenemethane †

Few reactive organic intermediates have elicited as much attention by experimentalists and theorists as trimethylenemethane (TMM, 1).1,2 The theoretical significance of this archetypal non-Kekule molecule was recognized by Moffitt and Coulson nearly 50 years ago,3 and it has since inspired numerous computational studies spanning the entire gamut of theoretical methods. TMM serves as a paradigm for basic theoretical concepts such as free valence, disjoint orbital analysis, and negative spin density in π systems, and it has been a consistently challenging subject for electronic structure calculations.4 Although trimethylenemethanes were commonly invoked as intermediates in the formation and rearrangement of methylenecyclopropanes,5 little was known experimentally about these molecules until 1966, when Dowd6 reported the EPR spectrum for 1 isolated in a glassy matrix at 88 K. Subsequent work by Dowd and co-workers verified the triplet ground state with 3-fold (D3h) symmetry that had been predicted for TMM.7,8 Many elegant spectroscopic and chemical experiments with TMM by the Pittsburgh group1a and with monocyclic derivatives by Berson and co-workers at Yale University1b have elevated our understanding of trimethylenemethanes to a high level. Practical applications of TMM derivatives now include organic ferromagnets,9 synthetic reagents,10 and even DNA-cleaving agents.11 Recently, Maier and co-workers reported lowtemperature matrix IR spectra for triplet 1 and its d2, d4, and d6 isotopomers.12,13 In contrast to the wealth of information available for the ground state of 1, very little is known experimentally about the excited singlet states. Of fundamental importance is the energy difference between the lowest energy singlet and triplet states, i.e., the “singlet-triplet splitting”. Ab initio molecular orbital and valence-bond calculations predict values of 14-20 kcal/ mol for the energy splitting between the XA′2 state and the aB1 state, 1a, which has one methylene group twisted out of the plane of the molecule.14,15 The lowest energy singlet state
Temporal variation of tropical cyclones in the North Atlantic Basin

A total of 269 tropical storms and hurricanes originated in the North Atlantic basin from 1960–1989. Of these, 76 made landfall on the continental United states. This study divides the 76 tropical storms into their month of formation. Seasonal shifts in the principal areas of tropical cyclone formation over the Atlantic basin have been recognized for many decades. The results of the study suggest that the early and late season tropical cyclones develop in areas which are first affected by the position of the sun, resulting in an increase in water temperatures. These cyclones normally make landfall along the Gulf Coast and usually are of low intensity. Formation areas shift eastward in mid-summer with a slight increase in intensity. By late August and early September, the formation areas have extended to the Cape Verde Islands. These storms tend to strike the east coast of the US and are normally more intense. By the end of the hurricane season, the primary formation area has shifted back to the Gulf of Mexico, with low intensity storms affecting the Gulf Coast.
Effective acoustic equations for a two-phase medium with microstructure

We study acoustic wave propagation in a two-phase medium in which the solid phase is a linear elastic material, and the fluid phase is assumed to be a compressible Newtonian barotropic fluid. Assuming that properties of the medium change rapidly on the small scale @e, we analyze the microscopic nonlinear Navier-Stokes equations and show that they can be linearized when @e tends to zero. Using a variant of Tartar's method of oscillating test functions, we derive effective acoustic equations which turn out to be viscoelastic. In order to treat disordered materials occurring in nature, we develop a new approach to describing geometry of a nonperiodic medium with length scale separation. Our approach is not based on probabilistic considerations. Instead, we postulate that certain inequalities hold uniformly on the microscale.
3D Displays And User Interface Design For A Radiation Therapy Treatment Planning CAD Tool

The long term goal of the project described in this paper is to improve local tumor control through the use of computer-aided treatment design methods that can result in selection of better treatment plans compared with conventional planning methods. To this end, a CAD tool for the design of radiation treatment beams is described. Crucial to the effectiveness of this tool are high quality 3D display techniques. We have found that 2D and 3D display methods dramatically improve the comprehension of the complex spatial relationships between patient anatomy, radiation beams, and dose distributions. In order to take full advantage of these displays, an intuitive and highly interactive user interface was created. If the system is to be used by physicians unfamiliar with computer systems, it is essential that a user interface is incorporated that allows the user to navigate through each step of the design process in a manner similar to what they are used to. Compared with conventional systems, we believe our display and CAD tools will allow the radiotherapist to achieve more accurate beam targetting leading to a better radiation dose configuration to the tumor volume. This would result in a reduction of the dose to normal tissue.
543 RECURRENT WHEEZING RELATED TO PASSIVE SMOKING IN EARLY CHILDHOOD

Relationships between outpatient lower respiratory illness (LRI) history in the first 6 years of life and patterns of parental cigarette use during the first 2 years of the children's lives were sought in a sample of 170 children who had been followed from early infancy in a pediatric practice. Children with varying histories of wheezing and non-wheezing LRI documented in earlier studies of illness etiology and in practice records were recruited for study; histories of parental cigarette use were obtained by questionnaire. The intensity of maternal cigarette smoking in the first 2 years of life was increased in children with histories of wheezing LRI, particularly recurrent wheezing LRI, in the first 6 years of life (p = .01). This association was more evident in boys than in girls. No relationships were found between paternal smoking and wheezing LRI history or smoking by either parent and recurrent non-wheezing LRI. These data expand existing knowledge by associating tobacco smoke exposure more closely with wheezing illness experience than with non-wheezing LRI, and by relating passive smoking to outpatient and recurrent LRI. Knowledge of the mechanisms which link passive exposure to tobacco smoke to an increased risk of wheezing illness in childhood should be sought. Educational programs should be developed to protect children from passive tobacco smoke exposure.
Geometry of risk analysis (morphogenetic system)

We know that risk analysis is based on the estimation of catastrophic events. Now to obtain a good estimation we must create suitable model of the risk. With samples of data we can use different mathematical models as linear or non linear regression methods, neural network methods, genetic methods and more recent hybrid models consisting of the information diffusion approximate reasoning method and back propagation neural network. In this paper, we present a new frame-work denoted morphogenetic system to study risk analysis. We show that morphogenetic system is a generalization of the tensor calculus used to formalize the non Euclidean geometrical representation. Now, we take suggestion from the electrical circuit analysis to create the morphogenetic model for the estimation. In the electrical circuit, we have the vector of voltages and vector of currents. The relation between voltages and currents is given by Ohms rule and the impedance matrix. The relation is a multi input and multi output (MIMO) system given a set of samples for voltages and currents we can estimate the impedance matrix of the circuit. Now, we know that the electrical circuit is controlled by a limited set of voltage or current sources. The aim of this papers is to give the rule by which from arbitrary voltages in the circuit we compute the voltage sources and also the associated current sources. We also give the method to compute the currents by the current sources and also the voltages by the impedance matrix. All the process from arbitrary voltages, voltage sources, current sources, current in the circuit and voltage in the circuit is denoted the projection operator in the morphogenetic system. Electrical circuits are a prototype of the morphogenetic system. We show that fuzzy inferential processes can be modeled by morphogenetic systems to improve models to estimate risks.
Component Buffer Stocks for Uncertainty in Product Mix

Three approaches to the problem of determining buffer stocks to protect against uncertainty in product mix are presented. Each approach can be adapted to recognise the total cost, rather than the total size of component safety stock. Uncertainty in product mix arises because of forecast errors within the total manufacturing lead time. This may be too short to allow for changes in volume but the creation of component safety stock will permit changes of product mix. Examples of the approaches described are given.
Zen and the Science of American Politics: Minority Religious Traditions and Political Engagement

American Buddhism is a phenomenon that allows for the testing of a number of generally-held assumptions about how religion operates within the American context. Due to the fairly de-politicized character of the religion in the United States, Buddhism allows for the examination of religion-qua-religion insofar as its role in the political mobilization of believers. This study finds that Buddhist political engagement is driven in general by private religious practice rather than by communal or small-group religious participation, as social capital-oriented theories of religio-political engagement suggest. Furthermore, this appears likely to be due to the nature of Buddhist adherents in the United States (who are predominantly Caucasian converts to the faith and who enjoy a generally high socio-economic status.) Closer examination of the situation of Buddhists in the United States suggests that the resource-model of civic skill acquisition does hold among the most economically disadvantaged, but that other explanations help us better understand political engagement among more advantaged Buddhists.
Diagnosis of software failures using computational geometry

Complex software systems have become commonplace in modern organizations and are considered critical to their daily operations. They are expected to run on a diverse set of platforms while interoperating with a wide variety of other applications. Although there have been advances in the discipline of software engineering, software faults, and malicious attacks still regularly cause system downtime [1]. Downtime of critical applications can create additional work, cause delays, and lead to financial loss [2]. This paper presents a computational geometry technique to tackle the problem of timely failure diagnosis during the execution of a software application. Our approach to failure diagnosis involves collecting a set of software metrics and building a geometric enclosures corresponding to known classes of faults. The geometric enclosures are then used to partition the state space defined by the metrics
Histone H4 acetylation dynamics determined by stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture and mass spectrometry

This paper describes an integrated approach that couples stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture to acetic acid-urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (AU-PAGE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for the quantitation and dynamics of histone H4 acetylation. The 697 acute lymphoblastic cell lines were grown in regular medium and in medium in which lysine was substituted with deuterium-labeled lysine. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity was inhibited by addition of the HDAC inhibitor depsipeptide to the culture medium for different exposure times. Histones were extracted from cells pooled from unlabeled, untreated cells and from labeled, treated cells, followed by AU-PAGE separation. Gel bands corresponding to different acetylation states of H4 were excised, in-gel digested with trypsin, and analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS. Detailed information was obtained for both the change of histone H4 acetylation specific to the N terminus and the global transformation of H4 from one acetylation state to another following treatment with the HDAC inhibitor depsipeptide. The kinetics of H4 acetylation was also assessed. This study provides a quantitative basis for developing potential therapies by using epigenetic regulation and the developed methodology can be applied to quantitation of change for other histone modifications induced by external stimuli.
Abstract 817: Isothiocyanates inhibit proteasome activity and proliferation of multiple myeloma cells

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Isothiocyanates (ITCs), including benzyl ITC (BITC), phenethyl ITC (PEITC), and sulforaphane, induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in a variety of cancer cells and animal models. Although studies show that reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation may be responsible, at least in part, for apoptosis induced by ITCs, our recent studies show that covalent binding to target proteins may actually be an important event triggering apoptosis (Cancer Res., 2007, JBC.,2008, and JBC., 2009). In this study, we report that BITC and PEITC significantly inhibit proteasome activity in a variety of cell types. Further studies show that ITCs inhibit both the 26S and 20S proteasome, presumably through direct binding, and that this inhibition is unrelated to either ROS generation or ITC-induced protein aggregation. The potency of ITC-induced proteasome inhibition correlates with the rapid accumulation of p53 (tumor suppressor) and IκB (NF-κB inhibitor). Finally, our results demonstrate that BITC and PEITC as stronger proteasome inhibitors significantly suppress growth of multiple myeloma cells through induction of cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and apoptosis. These results suggest that proteasome, like tubulin, is a potential molecular target of ITCs, unraveling a novel mechanism by which ITCs may inhibit multiple myeloma cell growth. This study provides new leads for ITC compounds with therapeutic and preventative efficacies for multiple myeloma. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 817. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-817
Some effects of stratification and geometry in rotating fluids

The phenomena which occur in a fluid contained in a rotating system are strongly influenced by the density gradients in that fluid and by certain features of the geometry. In this paper, we study several specific phenomena which involve stratification and/or irregular surface topography and some phenomena which arise because of an equatorial geometry. Although several of these studies are motivated by particular geophysical questions, we do not treat comprehensively any geophysical phenomenon. Nevertheless, the inferences we draw from these studies do much to clarify the roles of the mechanisms underlying various geophysical phenomena and these inferences should be of value when comprehensive geophysical investigations are attempted.
Public law 94–142: Practicing school psychologists' perceptions of how this law affects them

A questionnaire regarding PL 94–142 and its effects upon the practice of school psychology was developed and mailed to 389 members of the National Association of School Psychologists. Information regarding professional training, years of experience, and type of service system was obtained for the purpose of various group comparisons. Age, sex, number of years of experience, and type of service system were specifically chosen for statistical analysis. Overall results suggested two relatively divergent views expressed by practitioners. The first was the stated belief that school psychology will become much more closely tied to the field of special education, while an alternative opinion was that the field will remain as diverse as the systems it serves.
Influence of Blood Serum on Growth of Corynebacterium Bovis in Skimmilk and Trypticase Soy Broth

Abstract Stimulation of Corynebacterium bovis multiplication due to additions of various concentrations of bovine blood serum to skimmilk trypticase soy broth was studied. Raw serum was stimulatory to organism multiplication in trypticase soy broth in concentrations as low as 0.001%. However, stimulation was much greater at a concentration of 0.05% and increased slowly with additions of serum up to 5%. Whereas 0.1% raw serum was stimulatory when added to skimmilk, maximum stimulation occurred at the 4 and 5% concentrations, at which bacterial numbers were more than 150 times those produced in skimmilk without added serum. Steaming of serum in broth caused more rapid multiplication of C. bovis than did additions of raw serum to broth. Steaming of serum in skimmilk caused decreases in growth-stimulatory properties. Interactions between medium, serum treatment, and test organism responsible for differences in growth response remain unexplained.
Critical transport current behaviour in a semi-reversible type II superconductor

The behavior of the critical transport current in two niobium wires was observed. The critical current and the magnetization were measured in longitudinal and transverse magnetic fields and the results of reversing the field and current direction with suitable treatment of the wires indicate the dependence of the critical current of a nonideal type II superconductor on the polarity of the current. It is also shown that the upper critical field can be obtained from the critical current curve in a longitudinal field, and the critical current behavior in a transverse field agrees with the modified Silsbee rule. (L.B.S.)