cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Visual N1 Is Sensitive to Deviations from Natural Texture Appearance

Disruptions of natural texture appearance are known to negatively impact performance in texture discrimination tasks, for example, such that contrast-negated textures, synthetic textures, and textures depicting abstract art are processed less efficiently than natural textures. Presently, we examined how visual ERP responses (the P1 and the N1 in particular) were affected by violations of natural texture appearance. We presented participants with images depicting either natural textures or synthetic textures made from the original stimuli. Both stimulus types were additionally rendered either in positive or negative contrast. These appearance manipulations (negation and texture synthesis) preserve a range of low-level features, but also disrupt higher-order aspects of texture appearance. We recorded continuous EEG while participants completed a same/different image discrimination task using these images and measured both the P1 and N1 components over occipital recording sites. While the P1 exhibited no sensitivity to either contrast polarity or real/synthetic appearance, the N1 was sensitive to both deviations from natural appearance. Polarity reversal and synthetic appearance affected the N1 latency differently, however, suggesting a differential impact on processing. Our results suggest that stages of visual processing indexed by the P1 and N1 are sensitive to high-order statistical regularities in natural textures and also suggest that distinct violations of natural appearance impact neural responses differently.
Restoration and management of riparian ecosystems: a catchment perspective

Summary 1. We propose that strategies for the management of riparian ecosystems should incorporate concepts of landscape ecology and contemporary principles of restoration and conservation. A detailed understanding of the temporal and spatial dynamics of the catchment landscape (e.g. changes in the connectivity and functions of channel, riparian and terrestrial components) is critical. 2. This perspective is based upon previous definitions of riparian ecosystems, consideration of functional attributes at different spatial scales and retrospective analyses of anthropogenic influences on river catchments. 3. Restoration strategies must derive from a concise definition of the processes to be restored and conserved, recognition of social values and commitments, quantification of ecological circumstances and the quality of background information and determination of alternatives. 4. The basic components of an effective restoration project include: clear objectives (ecological and physical), baseline data and historical information (e.g. the hydrogeomorphic setting and the disturbance regime), a project design that recognizes functional attributes of biotic refugia, a comparison of plans and outcomes with reference ecosystems; a commitment to long-term planning, implementation and monitoring and, finally, a willingness to learn from both successes and failures. 5. Particularly important is a thorough understanding of past natural disturbances and human-induced changes on riparian functions and attributes, obtained by a historical reconstruction of the catchment.
Enone Reduction‐Enolate Alkylation Sequence: 2‐Allyl‐3‐Methylcyclohexanone

Enone reduction-enolate alkylation sequence: 2-allyl-3-methylcyclohexanone byproduct: 3-methylcyclohexanone product: 2-allyl-3-methylcyclohexanone reactant: 3-Methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one, b.p. 76–78° (11 mm.), was purchased from Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc. reactant: Allyl bromide purchased from Eastman Organic Chemicals, Inc. Keywords: alkylation, C-alkylation; reduction, miscellaneous; ammonia, handling and drying; diethyl ether; ammonia; addition funnels, pressure-equalizing; apparatus, for extraction of liquid ammonia from commercial cylinder, eductor tube; condenser, dewar
An Evaluation of Interactive Computer Training to Teach Instructors to Implement Discrete Trials with Children with Autism.

Discrete-trial instruction (DTI) is a teaching strategy that is often incorporated into early intensive behavioral interventions for children with autism. Researchers have investigated time- and cost-effective methods to train staff to implement DTI, including self-instruction manuals, video modeling, and interactive computer training (ICT). ICT combines the best components of self-instruction manuals and video models, and have the same benefits; however, there is limited research on this training method. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate ICT to teach university students to implement DTI with children with autism. All participants' teaching fidelity increased during both role-plays with an adult and instructional sessions with a child with autism. In addition, participants demonstrated an increase in teaching fidelity with untrained instructional programs. All participants were able to complete training in an average of 2 hr, and social validity ratings were high.
Structural dependence of the superconducting transition temperature in liquid-quenched alloys based on the group IV B elements

Abstract The structural modifications and superconducting transition temperatures in TiPd, ZrPd, ZrMo, and HfPd thin-foil alloys (containing up to ∼95 at.% of the group IV B elements) obtained from the liquid state have been investigated. Contrary to some previously reported results, a ‘single phase’ of the body-centered cubic β structure cannot be retained in alloys containing more than 90 at.% of the IV B elements at room temperature. The present findings provide a more reliable assessment of the transition temperatures for the cubic β phase.
Introduction to Special Issue: Cognitive Vulnerability to Depression in Children and Adolescents

Depression in children and adolescents is a significant public health problem. Major depression affects approximately 1% of children and up to 24% of adolescents (for a review, see Avenevoli, Knight, Kessler, & Merikangas, 2008). Depression during childhood and adolescence is associated with significant impairment, including difficulties in academic and social functioning (Avenevoli et al., 2008), that may have lasting deleterious effects. Depression during childhood also increases risk for suicide, and this increased risk lasts into adulthood (Weissman et al., 1999). Whereas suicide is the eleventh leading cause of death across age groups, it is the third leading cause of death among 10-24 year olds (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2008). Depressed youth are also at significantly elevated risk for a recurrence of depression later in life (Rutter, Kim-Cohen, & Maughan, 2006), and because the risk of relapse increases with each successive episode (Solomon et al., 2000), depression early in life can set the stage for a pattern of recurrence that lasts throughout life. Even when not meeting criteria for a depressive disorder, subsyndromal levels of depression also increase risk for major depression in adulthood (Pine, Cohen, Cohen, & Brook, 1999). Finally, adolescence is the time during which the 2:1 gender difference in depression first emerges, with women being twice as likely to suffer from depression as men (Hankin et al., 1998). Clearly then, it is important to understand the causes of youth depression so that the likelihood of lifelong negative outcomes can be reduced. Despite this clear need, the majority of depression research has focused on understanding vulnerability in adults. Much of this work has focused on cognitive models of vulnerability to depression (e.g., Abramson, Metalsky, & Alloy, 1989; Clark, Beck, & Alford, 1999). According to these theories, individuals’ characteristic ways of attending to, interpreting, and remembering information may contribute vulnerability to the development and maintenance of depression. Specifically, individuals exhibiting
Different Vocal Parameters Predict Perceptions of Dominance and Attractiveness

Low mean fundamental frequency (F0) in men's voices has been found to positively influence perceptions of dominance by men and attractiveness by women using standardized speech. Using natural speech obtained during an ecologically valid social interaction, we examined relationships between multiple vocal parameters and dominance and attractiveness judgments. Male voices from an unscripted dating game were judged by men for physical and social dominance and by women in fertile and non-fertile menstrual cycle phases for desirability in short- term and long-term relationships. Five vocal parameters were analyzed: mean F0 (an acoustic correlate of vocal fold size), F0 variation, intensity (loudness), utterance duration, and formant dispersion (Df, an acoustic correlate of vocal tract length). Parallel but separate ratings of speech transcripts served as controls for content. Multiple regression analyses were used to examine the independent contributions of each of the predictors. Physical dominance was predicted by low F0 variation and physically dominant word content. Social dominance was predicted only by socially dominant word content. Ratings of attractiveness by women were predicted by low mean F0, low Df, high intensity, and attractive word content across cycle phase and mating context. Low Df was perceived as attractive by fertile-phase women only. We hypothesize that competitors and potential mates may attend more strongly to different components of men's voices because of the different types of information these vocal parameters provide.
Efficient approximation algorithms to determine minimum partial dominating sets in social networks

In this paper we report on extensive experiments for determining partial dominating sets of small size for various types of real and synthetic social networks. Our experiments ran on several real network datasets made available by the Stanford Network Analysis Project and on some synthetic power-law and random networks created with social network generators. To compute partial dominating sets on these networks we used five algorithms compared in [4], which were adapted for partial dominating sets. Our experiments showed that there are several good algorithms that can efficiently find quality approximations for the minimum-size partial dominating set problem. The best algorithm choice is dependent on the network characteristics and the value of the coverage parameter.
Sub-County Population Estimates Using Administrative Records: A Municipal-Level Case Study in New Mexico

This chapter explores the possibility of using administrative records to produce sub-county, municipal-level population estimates. Geocoding of vital records data is combined with IRS summary statistics on filers and dependents at the zip-code level to produce two sets of vintage 2010 Component 1 estimates for all 103 municipalities within the State of New Mexico; one made with no remediation for incomplete geocoding and the other remediated for observed biases in geocoding experiments conducted at the zip-code level. These estimates are compared against the results of the 2010 Census using an ex-post-facto evaluation strategy and standard measures of error and bias. The performance of the non-remediated and remediated estimates are compared to a null model of holding the 2000 Census constant and to a vintage 2010 set of estimates produced by the U.S. Census Bureau using their distributive housing unit method (D-HUM). The results suggest that spatial remediation does little to improve accuracy at the municipal level, and although both sets of component estimates represented significant improvements over the Census 2000 constant estimates, neither out-performed the (D-HUM) procedure, which was considerably more accurate and less biased–especially within the most rapidlygrowing municipalities. While the production of the component method-based estimates might permit the estimation of sub-county components of change, the results of this research suggest that this potential improvement would come at the cost of overall accuracy.
An Implicit Harmonic Balance Method with a Discontinuous Galerkin Spatial Scheme

The Harmonic Balance method has the potential to reduce the computation cost of capturing unsteadiness for ows with a few dominant frequencies. A Fourier series representation is used to remove the temporal derivative term so that the governing equation is transformed into a series of steady equations. Each of these equations correspond to solutions at evenly spaced time steps. This paper details the implementation of the Harmonic Balance method with an implicit Quasi-Newton solver using a high-order Discontinuous Galerkin representation of the spatial uxes. The time steps are coupled in the implicit solve with the linearized Harmonic Balance operator, which reduces the number of Newton iterations for non-linear unsteady problems when compared to Harmonic Balance implementations without the linearized operator. For linear unsteady problems, the solution is obtained in one iteration. Five test cases are used to demonstrate the implementation of the Harmonic Balance method. Solutions to the linear convection equation and heat equation with a time varying boundary are obtained. The Harmonic Balance method with the non-linear Euler equations are solved for an acoustic source and a turbine cascade with a time-dependent inlet boundary. Lastly, a cylinder with natural shedding is simulated using the Harmonic Balance method. For each test case, simulations using time integration are completed and compared to the Harmonic Balance solutions.
122 NEUROENDOCRINE GASTROINTESTINAL TUMOR OF UNCLEAR ORIGIN: CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

Introduction Esophageal and gastric neuroendocrine tumors are exceptional. We present an unusual case of a patient with a gastric and esophageal neuroendocrine tumor. Case Report A 68-year-old African American male presented to the Regional Medical Center in Memphis, TN, with an approximately 3-month history of decreased appetite, solid food dysphagia, and 30 pound weight loss. He also admit a 30 pack-year history of tobacco use and remote ETOH abuse. Chest/abdominal CT scan showed extensive and bulky mediastinal lymphadenopathy in pulmonary window, pretracheal space and precarinal region, an ill-defined mid to distal esophageal thickening suspicious for carcinoma; there was also a soft tissue mass in the gastroesophageal junction region compatible with gastric tumor. The upper endoscopic study showed a noncircumferential, fungating esophageal mass, at 30 cm from the incisors, causing partial obstruction of lumen. Beyond the tumor there were 9 cm of endoscopically normal-looking esophageal mucosa down to the gastroesophageal junction. On retroflexed view in the stomach, a large ulcerated mass at the cardia was noticed. Biopsies from both areas showed a neuroendocrine carcinoma admixed with an undifferentiated epithelioid population. Special stains: esophageal and gastric sample: mucicarmine (-); esophageal biopsy: synaptophysin (+) reactive in small and large cell populations, pan-keratin (+) patchy reactivity, CD45 (LCA) (-), CD31 (-). The patient is currently on treatment with etoposide/cisplatin. Discussion Neuroendocrine tumors account for 0.5% of all malignancies, and 62-67% occur in the GI tract. This type of neoplastic proliferation can occur throughout the GI tract, but most of them are found in the appendix and ileum (80%). They can exceptionally arise from the colon or esophagus. In our case it was not well defined if the primary site was the stomach or esophagus. We have to consider neuroendocrine tumor in the differential diagnosis of tumor arising from the stomach and esophagus in the same patient.
Strategy for shaping vaccination brand on the vision of CIS

The vaccination brand is the summation of social impression toward name,sign,behaviour and idea of vaccination institutions,which is established by long-term development and improvement.The vaccination brand can make public continuously and strongly feel the existence of vaccination brand and special service spirit,so as to improve the trust degree,satisfaction and immunization coverage rate,enhance the full implementation of national immune planning policy,ensure every child enjoy the protection of the vaccine,reduce the risk of infectious disease,decrease social and family burden,which has obvious social benefit and economic benefit.Corporate identity system(CIS) can be introduced into the vaccination institution management,to establish identity system of vaccination institution,shape a new image of vaccination institution,create vaccination brand,integrate and maintain the brands,which is the basic way for implementing the vaccination brand construction strategy.
Home based E-health applications

Home based e-health applications use telecommunication and videoconferencing technologies to enable a healthcare provider at the clinical site to conmunicate with patients at their home. Such an interaction is called a 'virtual visit'. Numerous applications are utilizing commercially available monitoring devices and the Internet to enable home based disease management and monitoring. The aim to meet older adults' desire to remain independent at home while controlling home health care costs has also led to the development of "smart home" technologies. A smart home is a residence equipped with technology that enhances safety of patients at home and monitors their health conditions. Therefore, the devices and sensors chosen to be installed and maintained in the older adults' residences need to address functional limitations and social and health care needs. This paper provides an overview of home based e-health applications and discusses the challenges of implementing and evaluating e-health applications.
Aerospace Communications Technologies in Support of NASA Mission

NASA is endeavoring in expanding communications capabilities to enable and enhance robotic and human exploration of space and to advance aero communications here on Earth. This presentation will discuss some of the research and technology development work being performed at the NASA Glenn Research Center in aerospace communications in support of NASAs mission. An overview of the work conducted in-house and in collaboration with academia, industry, and other government agencies (OGA) to advance radio frequency (RF) and optical communications technologies in the areas of antennas, ultra-sensitive receivers, power amplifiers, among others, will be presented. In addition, the role of these and other related RF and optical communications technologies in enabling the NASA next generation aerospace communications architecture will be also discussed.
Genome-wide analysis of the nucleus accumbens identifies DNA methylation signals differentiating low/binge from heavy alcohol drinking

Abstract Alcohol-use disorders encompass a range of drinking levels and behaviors, including low, binge, and heavy drinking. In this regard, investigating the neural state of individuals who chronically self-administer lower doses of alcohol may provide insight into mechanisms that prevent the escalation of alcohol use. DNA methylation is one of the epigenetic mechanisms that stabilizes adaptations in gene expression and has been associated with alcohol use. Thus, we investigated DNA methylation, gene expression, and the predicted neural effects in the nucleus accumbens core (NAcc) of male rhesus macaques categorized as "low" or "binge" drinkers, compared to "alcohol-naive" and "heavy" drinkers based on drinking patterns during a 12-month alcohol self-administration protocol. Using genome-wide CpG-rich region enrichment and bisulfite sequencing, the methylation levels of 2.6 million CpGs were compared between alcohol-naive (AN), low/binge (L/BD), and heavy/very heavy (H/VHD) drinking subjects (n = 24). Through regional clustering analysis, we identified nine significant differential methylation regions (DMRs) that specifically distinguished ANs and L/BDs, and then compared those DMRs among H/VHDs. The DMRs mapped to genes encoding ion channels, receptors, cell adhesion molecules, and cAMP, NF-κβ and Wnt signaling pathway proteins. Two of the DMRs, linked to PDE10A and PKD2L2 , were also differentially methylated in H/VHDs, suggesting an alcohol-dose independent effect. However, two other DMRs, linked to the CCBE1 and FZD5 genes, had L/BD methylation levels that significantly differed from both ANs and H/VHDs. The remaining five DMRs also differentiated L/BDs and ANs. However, H/VHDs methylation levels were not distinguishable from either of the two groups. Functional validation of two DMRs, linked to FZD5 and PDE10A , support their role in regulating gene expression and exon usage, respectively. In summary, the findings demonstrate that L/BD is associated with unique DNA methylation signatures in the primate NAcc, and that the methylation signatures identify synaptic genes that may play a role in preventing the escalation of alcohol use.
Novel classical and quantum photonic devices by manipulating light-matter interactions in one and two-dimensional systems

With an emphasis on nanowires and monolayer MoS2, we will discuss how confinement of symmetry breaking electric and plasmonic fields interacting with low-dimensional materials produces unexpected response such as emission from Si and induced chirality.
A decade of discovery: CRISPR functions and applications

This year marks the tenth anniversary of the identification of the biological function of CRISPR-Cas as adaptive immune systems in bacteria. In just a decade, the characterization of CRISPR-Cas systems has established a novel means of adaptive immunity in bacteria and archaea and deepened our understanding of the interplay between prokaryotes and their environment, and CRISPR-based molecular machines have been repurposed to enable a genome editing revolution. Here, we look back on the historical milestones that have paved the way for the discovery of CRISPR and its function, and discuss the related technological applications that have emerged, with a focus on microbiology. Lastly, we provide a perspective on the impacts the field has had on science and beyond.
Chapter 4 – Environmental Underground Sensing and Monitoring

Abstract The commonly used methods in the subsurface monitoring of water, gas, and dissolved chemicals rely on samples extracted from monitoring wells. In applying these methods to existing and emerging problems in the subsurface where the zones to be monitored are large and data have to be collected for long time periods, they become impractical and cost prohibitive. Data collected from subsurface sensors and wireless sensor networks provide an attractive alternative. This chapter presents past and ongoing research on the technology and its testing in laboratory test beds. Fundamental sensor network issues such as sensor network deployment, virtual sensor networks, reliable sensor data collection, and network optimization in supporting environmental applications are discussed. The use of sensors coupled with numerical models of inversion and prediction as applied to subsurface plume monitoring is presented. Two potential applications of the technology for long-term monitoring of subsurface remediation sites and greenhouse gas are discussed.
Reconstruction of osteochondral defect of the talus with ankle distraction frame

A 23-year-old male sustained a gunshot to the right foot with resultant talar body fracture and a 1 cm2 osteochondral defect of the talus. The patient was treated acutely with ankle arthrodiastasis using an external circular frame allowing ankle range of motion and full weight bearing while the fracture healed and the bone and cartilage graft incorporated. The circular frame was utilized for 4 months. At follow up, the patient was able to walk pain-free, the bone graft had incorporated on radiographs, and there were no signs of joint degeneration. We were unable to find any similar reports in the English literature of a young patient with a traumatic injury treated with ankle arthrodiastasis. This technique allows more normal function during the healing period than traditional techniques to reconstruct osteochondral lesions of the talus which require prolonged nonweight bearing. While primarily used for ankle osteoarthritis to date, ankle arthrodiastasis should be investigated for other indications to determine its utility in complex injuries.
Essential Issues in System Level Design

System design is the process of implementing a desired functionality using a set of physical components. Clearly, this process must begin with specifying the desired functionality. This is not, however, an easy task.
Testing Alternative Representations of Behavior Under Uncertainty

Defenders of expected utility theory rightly point out, as Machina (1987) and others have noted, that it is not sufficient that a theory simply explain more patterns of behavior than expected utility theory. It must be shown that such a theory explains a significant proportion of patterns that cannot be explained by the existing theory. Although many attempts to test alternative theories have been made, most analysis has focused upon particular anomalies, such as the Allais paradox. The majority of empirical studies have involved analysis of subjects' responses to questions concerning their preferences between pairs of lotteries, each of which yields monetary prizes with some probability. To test alternative theories adequately, we must test their performance relative to expected utility theory over the entire set of lotteries generated by considering convex probability mixtures of monetary prizes.
Outcomes of patients 60 and older with ALL: Analysis of the SEER Database.

7021Background: Cure rates among children and younger adults with ALL have improved significantly in recent decades, but outcomes remain poor in patients (pts) ≥ 60 yrs old. Prohibitive toxicity li...
Estimating the Effect of Board Independence on Managerial Ownership Using a Quasi-Natural Experiment

Grounded in agency theory, this paper investigates the effect of board independence on managerial ownership. We exploit the passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the associated exchange listing requirements as an exogenous regulatory shock that raises board independence. Our difference-in-difference (DID) estimates show that board independence leads to significantly higher managerial ownership. In particular, firms forced to raise board independence exhibit managerial ownership that is 26.35% higher, relative to firms not required to raise board independence. Thus, board independence and managerial equity ownership constitute governance mechanisms that act as complements, rather than substitutes. Our empirical strategy relies on a quasi-natural experiment and is far more likely to show a causal effect than what has been documented in the literature. Finally, an instrumental-variable analysis reinforces our conclusion.
An Empirical Analysis of the Public's Attitudes Toward Advertising Veterinarian Services: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

This study was designed to determine the public's attitudes toward advertising by veterinarians; whether city of residence, occupation, age, race, marital status, number of children in household, total family household income, education, and gender of an individual accounted for any significant differences in attitudes regarding veterinarians who advertise; and how the responses compare to the attitudes expressed 16 years ago. It replicates a survey done in 1995 and uses the same questionnaire and population to compare responses longitudinally. The study seems to confirm the belief of many marketing professionals that advertising and marketing clearly have a place in the management and operation of professional services.
Economic Value of Florida Water Resources: Value Derived by Tourists and Recreationists from Freshwater-Based Recreation

This 8-page fact sheet written by Tatiana Borisova, Tara Wade, Xiang Bi, Kurt Oehlbeck, and Kelly Grogan and published by the UF/IFAS Food and Resource Economics Department is part 3 of the series “Economic Value of Florida Water Resources.” It uses Florida-based economic studies to provide natural resource professionals and interested citizens with information regarding the value of water-based tourism and recreation in Florida. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fe1067
Design and Fabrication of Ion-Implanted Moat Etch Termination Resulting in 0.7 m $\Omega\cdot$ cm 2 /1500 V GaN Diodes

The design space of ion-implanted moat etch termination in GaN p-n diodes is discussed in this study. Based on experimental data, the design window for ion-implanted moat etch termination has been carefully studied and optimized for vertical GaN p-n diodes grown on bulk GaN substrates. A high-performance diode with a breakdown voltage of 1500 V and a low specific on-state resistance of 0.7 $\text{m}\Omega \cdot $ cm2 is demonstrated using the optimized edge termination based on moat etch and Mg ion implantation. The p-n diode shows a device figure-of-merit of 3.2 GW/cm2. By using the proposed ion-implanted moat etch termination, GaN diodes with three different drift region designs approach the avalanche breakdown electric field, which indicates the efficacy of the proposed edge termination design and method.
VAMD: Visual Analytics for Multimodal Data

From social media to smart traffic signals, digital records of the state of the world are being produced at unprecedented rates. These data may contain critical information regarding patterns of life or unfolding events, but the necessary pieces may be dispersed across multiple disparate sources. To make matters worse, the data produced is by nature massive, heterogeneous, and imperfect. To deal with this, current solutions typically analyze each data source within its own class. This reduces the problem’s complexity but forfeits the potential benefits of discovering nuanced connections and details encompassing an entire situation. In order to exploit these potentially rich (but frequently one-sided) data sources, it is imperative that there exists an environment and supporting tooling that allows for the analysis of heterogeneous data sources within a combined view. This paper presents VAMD, a visual analytics system focused on dealing with large heterogeneous datasets. The design is supported with a use case focused around a disaster response scenario using a curated social media dataset featuring both text and accompanying images.
Evaluating post-hurricane impacts in co-management areas: a framework for expert consensus

Natural ecosystems are characterized as dynamic systems that evolve through natural patterns of disturbance. Land managers can work within this system of natural disturbance by applying the concept of natural variability to their management plans. Land management challenges typically stem from infrequent and severe disturbances, like hurricanes, where resource management and conservation implications are a result of significant changes to a landscape’s patch dynamics. A frequently used strategy for overcoming these challenges is co-management. Since cooperative management requires collaboration across sectors, institutional and organization integration must be approached strategically. The importance of developing agreement on shared issues makes finding an effective consensus-building process critical. This study utilized the Delphi technique to develop consensus and identify the most significant post-hurricane impacts experienced by land managers following Hurricane Irma. We purposively selected a panel of 24 land managers that represented multiple sectors including county government, non-governmental organizations, and state and federal agencies. The study used a series of three online surveys, which were validated using an expert panel of evaluators, land managers, survey designers and natural resource educators. The panel achieved consensus on 5 post-hurricane impacts that they identified to have a significant effect on achieving their land management goals. The Delphi technique demonstrated to be a valuable process for gaining input from a diverse set of experts in the identification of agreed upon challenges to land management that resulted from extreme weather events. Our results serve as a foundation for discussions on management strategies to address extreme natural disturbances.
β-Hydroxybutyrate inhibits inflammasome activation to attenuate Alzheimer's disease pathology.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive, late-onset dementia with no effective treatment available. Recent studies suggest that AD pathology is driven by age-related changes in metabolism. Alterations in metabolism, such as placing patients on a ketogenic diet, can alter cognition by an unknown mechanism. One of the ketone bodies produced as a result of ketogenesis, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), is known to inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Therefore, we tested if BHB inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome reduces overall AD pathology in the 5XFAD mouse model of AD. Here, we find BHB levels are lower in red blood cells and brain parenchyma of AD patients when compared with non-AD controls. Furthermore, exogenous BHB administration reduced plaque formation, microgliosis, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (Asc) speck formation, and caspase-1 activation in the 5XFAD mouse model of AD. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that BHB reduces AD pathology by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Additionally, our data suggest dietary or pharmacological approaches to increase BHB levels as promising therapeutic strategies for AD.
Abstract PS9-08: The psychosocial impact of caregiving on partners of young women with breast cancer in treatment

BackgroundCancer diagnosis and early treatment may have wide-ranging consequences for a woman’spartner (ie. spouse or significant other). In general, younger caregivers have been found to havegreater unmet needs and higher levels of distress compared to those who are older. To date,there is little known about the unmet needs and experiences of partners who care for youngwomen with breast cancer during active treatment.Trial Design: Cross-sectional survey of partners of young women with breast cancer.Eligibility Criteria: The current analysis focuses on a subset of respondent partners of womenwith breast cancer participating in the Young Womens Breast Cancer Study (NCT01468246)who met the following criteria: diagnosed at age 8 on the HADS anxiety subscale), fewer (22%) were categorized ashaving symptoms of depression (>8 on the HADS depression subscale). Additionally, 39%reported not being sexually active; 41% reported maladaptive coping; 30% reported financialstrain;30% reported relationship strain. Reported caregiver QOL ranged from 22-116, with amean score of 52.5 (SD, 23.9), similar to population norms, with higher scores indicating lowerquality of life. Parenting concerns scores were generally low indicating less concern, with arange of 12-35, and mean of 20.5 (SD, 7.6). Post-traumatic growth ranged from 4-33, with amean score of 20.7 (SD, 7.4), with higher scores indicating greater personal growthexperienced. 44% (11/25) responded to the open-ended experiences and needs question.Common responses included feeling a lack of support, need for tailored and titrated information,and desire to connect with other men who faced similar experiences. Partners also reportedtheir struggles with uncertainty about the future. Discussion: A subset of partners of young women in active treatment for breast cancerexpressed concerns related to relationship strain, sexuality, need for support, and finances.Future work designed to meet the needs of partners of breast cancer patients includinginformational and psychosocial supports may benefit them and the patients as they manage theprocess of ongoing treatment and challenges about the future. Citation Format: Tamryn F Gray, Nancy Borstelmann, Shoshana Rosenberg, Shari Gelber, Meghan E Meyer, Kathryn J. Ruddy, Lidia Schapira, Steven Come, Virginia Borges, Tamara Cadet, Peter Maramaldi, Ann H. Partridge. The psychosocial impact of caregiving on partners of young women with breast cancer in treatment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2020 San Antonio Breast Cancer Virtual Symposium; 2020 Dec 8-11; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PS9-08.
Data Perversion: a Psychoanalytic Perspective on Datafication

This article adopts a psychoanalytic perspective and argues that users are in a perverse relationship with contemporary platforms. Following a review of recent critical scholarship on datafication, which places too much emphasis on platforms and situates users as helpless, the psychoanalytic concept of perversion is introduced. Perversion describes a relationship that is characterised by dominance, exploitation and dehumanization as well as care, love, and idealization. While the pervert (the platform and its owners and developers) is the perpetrator, the other (the user) is also actively participating in the perverse relationship. Contemporary relations are thus marked by foregrounding connectivity, convenience and communication which mask the violence of datafication. Such relations are upheld, because users affirmatively reproduce them by using highly attractive platforms which are customized for each individual. Psychoanalysis can thus offer a complex conceptualisation of the interplay between affirmation, attraction and exploitation that is immanent to platforms and users today.
Urinary Diversion: Core Curriculum 2021

Urinary diversion after cystectomy has been a historical standard for the treatment of numerous benign and malignant diseases of the bladder. Since the first published description in the early 1900s, improvements in surgical technique and a better understanding of the metabolic sequelae postoperatively have greatly enhanced patient outcomes. Both continent and incontinent diversions are available to patients after cystectomy. In appropriately selected patients, orthotopic neobladder reconstruction can offer preservation of body image and continence, and continent cutaneous diversions represent a reasonable alternative. Conduit diversion, which remains the most commonly performed diversion technique, is ideal for patients who would benefit from a less morbid surgical procedure that negates the need for self-catheterization. This installment of the Core Curriculum in Nephrology outlines numerous aspects of urinary diversion, in which a multidisciplinary approach to postoperative management at the intersection of nephrology and urology is required to effectively optimize patient outcomes. This article includes a discussion of the various reconstructive options after cystectomy as well as a comprehensive review of frequently encountered short-term and long-term metabolic abnormalities associated with altered electrolyte and acid-base homeostasis.
How to make value-driven climate science for policy more ethical

Abstract In previous works, I examine inferential methods employed in Probabilistic Weather Event Attribution studies (PEAs), and explored various ways they can be used to aid in climate policy decisions and decision-making about climate justice issues. This paper evaluates limitations of PEAs and considers how PEA researchers’ attributions of “liability” to specific countries for specific extreme weather events could be made more ethical. In sum, I show that it is routinely presupposed that PEA methods are not prone to inductive risks and presuppose that PEA researchers thus have no epistemic consequences or responsibilities for their attributions of liability. I argue that although PEAs are nevertheless crucially useful for practical decision-making, the attributions of liability made by PEA researchers are in fact prone to indicative risks and are influenced by non-epistemic values that PEA researchers should make transparent to make such studies more ethical. Finally, I outline possible normative approaches for making sciences, including PEAs, more ethical; and discuss implications of my arguments for the ongoing debate about how PEAs should guide climate policy and relevant legal decisions.
Introduction to cognitive computing and its various applications

Abstract Cognitive computing is an intelligent system that converses with and mimics the human being in a natural form by learning at scale, reasoning with purpose. Cognitive computing is the third era of computing and now cognitive computing has attracted considerable attention in both academia and industry. Machines and humans’ intelligence gets combined to solve the most complex problems of the world. Complicated problems can be solved by computing framework without intervention of humans. Natural language processing with emotion analysis, artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, neural networks are building blocks of cognitive computing process to tackle problems as the way human beings do. Nowadays, advance technologies adapt cognitive computing in many areas to assist human experts in smart decision making for the betterment of businesses. Current technology expectations are to make human life better and to help them work in better ways. Nowadays, there is explosive data growth, business conditions are also changing rapidly so intelligent, hassle-free, and enhanced interactions amongst human beings and technology can be effectively addressed by cognitive systems. AI is in use in many apps like the Alexa: Amazon voice assistant, Netflix and Amazon algorithms which recommend the next to watch or buy. Some examples of personal assistants that uses cognitive computing are Alexa, Siri, Google assistant, and Cortana. Advancement of technology and its adoption in the public and private sectors will greatly affect the future of cognitive computing due to technology evolutionary paths and trends. Cognitive systems must be adaptive, interactive, iterative, and stateful and contextual in commercial and widespread applications. Some of the applications that can use cognitive computing to gain benefits from this type of technology are cognitive computing for changing business values, Financial and Investment firms, Healthcare and veterinary medicine, Travel and Tourism, Health and wellness, Education and learning, Agriculture, Communication and network technology.
Characterization of gold deportment and thiosulfate extraction for a copper‑gold concentrate treated by pressure oxidation

Abstract Gold extraction from porphyry copper‑gold ore is challenging due to the presence of copper and sulfide minerals. In this study, pressure oxidation (POX) was used for copper extraction and gold liberation from the sulfide mineral matrix. The POX residue was investigated for gold mineralization and leaching study. Gold deportment study was conducted using a series of techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscope, scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), and dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry (D-SIMS). Cyanidation was compared as a baseline for gold extraction; ammoniacal thiosulfate ((NH4)2S2O3) and non-ammoniacal thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) were investigated as alternative leaching conditions. In this work, POX achieved a high copper removal percentage and left 0.66% copper in the residue. Undestroyed sulfide minerals such as chalcopyrite, pyrite, and molybdenite presented with 2.7%. Hematite formed during POX and accounted for 66% of the total mineral phases. Meanwhile, hematite was the major sub-microscopic gold carrier, containing 64.7% of the total gold as colloidal gold. Visible gold was identified as 24.4%. Gold extraction tests revealed that the maximum gold extraction achieved by cyanidation was 85% using 250 mg/L NaCN, consistent with the gold deportment study. Similar gold recovery was observed using 0.03 M (NH4)2S2O3, but it reduced drastically in Na2S2O3 leaching solution due to the absence of ammonia.
Essential Role of the Lattice in the Mechanism of High Temperature Superconductivity

The historical discovery of high-temperature superconductivity by Bednorz and Muller was led by the idea of strong electron-phonon coupling in the cuprate oxides associated with Jahn-Teller distortion. Nevertheless, the majority in the field quickly converged to the view that it is a purely electronic phenomenon involving only spins and lowering of the kinetic energy, and the lattice and phonons play little or no role in the mechanism. After two decades this majority view is now seriously challenged by experimental observations of strong electron-phonon coupling and nano-scale electronic inhomogeneity. The transition metal oxides are characterized by strong competition among multiple degrees of freedom; spin, charge, orbital and lattice. It is more natural to conjecture that the high-temperature superconductivity is a synergetic phenomenon with many degrees of freedom, including phonons. We discuss the possible role the phonons may play in the synergy of multiple degrees of freedom to produce the high-temperature superconductivity.
Studying Bacterial Adherence to Endothelial Cells

Bacterial adhesion to host surfaces is the critical first step in the initiation of infection. The ability of different bacterial species to establish infections at particular sites is in large part a consequence of their ability to colonize these tissue sites. Selective colonization of host surfaces is often a result of specific bacterial adhesin-host cell surface receptor interactions. Binding may occur to the surface directly via specific or nonspecific interactions, or via bridging ligands. These bridging ligands, usually serum or cellular components, contain multiple binding sites that allow them to simultaneously bind both bacterial and tissue molecules thus mediating adherence to host surfaces.
Characterization of Enterobacteria by Starch-Gel Electrophoresis of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase and Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase

Specific activities and electrophoretic mobilities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and phosphogluconate dehydrogenase were determined in 38 isolates of the family Enterobacteriaceae and in 10 isolates of the related Pasteurella. The deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in P. pestis was verified. Enzymes obtained from different strains of the same species exhibited an unexpected degree of heterogeneity. For example, 8 and 11 apparent variants of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, respectively, were found in 14 strains of Escherichia coli. Although similar frequencies of heterogeneity were noted in 7 strains of P. pseudotuberculosis, 5 species of Shigella, and 8 species of Salmonella, differences in mobility were generally small in comparison with those observed between strains of E. coli. Values obtained for the pasteurellae, shigellae, and salmonellae, thus fell within narrow ranges that may prove typical for the genera. However, most of these ranges, as well as many values observed for single species of other genera, were overlapped by the wide range recorded for E. coli. The significance of this observation was discussed with respect to the relative age and taxonomic position of the organisms in question. The method could be used to distinguish between most wild-type strains of the same species and should thus facilitate investigations of genetic transfer and epidemiology.