cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
School Counselor Advocacy for Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Students: Intentions and Practice

This study sought to understand school counselor advocacy for lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) students using the theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 2015). The authors analyzed data from a non-random sample of 398 school counselors in the United States. Participants completed demographic items and the Attitudes subscale of the Sexual Orientation Counselor Competency Scale (SOCCS-A), Advocacy Self-Efficacy Scale (ASES), Motivation to Comply Scale (MTCS), LGB Advocacy Intention Scale (LGBAIS), and LGB Advocacy Activity Scale (LGBAAS). School counselors' attitudes and advocacy self-efficacy significantly predicted LGB advocacy intention. Attitudes, self-efficacy, and LGB advocacy intention significantly predicted LGB advocacy activity. Findings related to motivation to comply were inconclusive, indicating that it did not influence any changes in school counselor LGB advocacy intention or activity. The authors call for more general and LGBT-specific advocacy, training, and research in schools and counselor ed...
Coherent inverse scattering via transmission matrices: Efficient phase retrieval algorithms and a public dataset

A transmission matrix describes the input-output relationship of a complex wavefront as it passes through/reflects off a multiple-scattering medium, such as frosted glass or a painted wall. Knowing a medium's transmission matrix enables one to image through the medium, send signals through the medium, or even use the medium as a lens. The double phase retrieval method is a recently proposed technique to learn a medium's transmission matrix that avoids difficult-to-capture interferometric measurements. Unfortunately, to perform high resolution imaging, existing double phase retrieval methods require (1) a large number of measurements and (2) an unreasonable amount of computation. In this work we focus on the latter of these two problems and reduce computation times with two distinct methods: First, we develop a new phase retrieval algorithm that is significantly faster than existing methods, especially when used with an amplitude-only spatial light modulator (SLM). Second, we calibrate the system using a phase-only SLM, rather than an amplitude-only SLM which was used in previous double phase retrieval experiments. This seemingly trivial change enables us to use a far faster class of phase retrieval algorithms. As a result of these advances, we achieve a 100x reduction in computation times, thereby allowing us to image through scattering media at state-of-the-art resolutions. In addition to these advances, we also release the first publicly available transmission matrix dataset. This contribution will enable phase retrieval researchers to apply their algorithms to real data. Of particular interest to this community, our measurement vectors are naturally i.i.d. subgaussian, i.e., no coded diffraction pattern is required.
Some comments on polarization capacitance in ionic solids

Abstract The study of a.c. polarization effects in solid ionic conductors in terms of equivalent parallel resistance and capacitance should be abandoned in favor of a series representation. Considerable simplification is achieved in terms of both the theoretical picture and experimental studies of departures from ideal behavior. Intrinsic resistive and capacitative effects are cleanly separated and a number of parameters previously thought to be significant are shown to be artifacts of the parallel representation. Further, experimental arrangements are suggested in which electrode blocking is known to be complete and in which interface capacitance may be studied as a function of d.c. cell voltage under electrochemically meaningful conditions. Electrode-related capacitative effects are discussed and areas for polarization studies suggested.
Very Early Subclinical Valve Thrombosis After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement

A 69-year-old woman with a history of coronary artery bypass grafting, preserved ejection fraction, and severe symptomatic aortic stenosis was deemed intermediate risk for surgical aortic valve replacement at our institution. The patient and her family expressed a strong desire for transcatheter therapy compared with open surgery, and she, therefore, underwent uncomplicated transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement with a 23-mm Edwards Sapien 3 valve. Post-dilation of the valve was performed for mild paravalvular leak with reduction in the paravalvular leak to trace. Intraprocedural ACT was 252 seconds, and a clopidogrel load was administered …
Total Synthesis of (−)-Xylogranatopyridine B via a Palladium-Catalyzed Oxidative Stannylation of Enones

We report a total synthesis of the pyridine-containing limonoid alkaloid (−)-xylogranatopyridine B in 11 steps from commercially available dihydrocarvone. The central pyridine ring was assembled by a late-stage fragment coupling approach employing a modified Liebeskind pyridine synthesis. One fragment was prepared by an allyl-palladium catalyzed oxidative enone β-stannylation, in which the key bimetallic β-stannyl palladium enolate intermediate undergoes a β-hydride elimination. This methodology also allowed introduction of alkyl and silyl groups to the β-position of enones.
Internet of Things using Node-Red and alexa

The Internet of Things (IoT) means learning and interacting with millions of things including services, sensors, actuators, and many other objects on the Internet. This project enhances on how far IoT can connect devices on different platforms. This will effortlessly help humans in various fields like Home automation, networking, data monitoring and others. The evolution of human-machine user interface has drastically changed over the years. The path of advancement has been through keyboard, mouse, touch and now it is Voice. This new user interface can be achieved by Alexa Voice Service. Currently, we have very few devices that can be controlled using Alexa. Some of the examples are Philips Hue, WeMo, and Wink. But these are limited to certain hardware. The initial installation and maintenance is expensive. The proposed system connects and controls most of the IoT devices connected to it using Voice. As the number of devices on the cloud increase, there is need for updating firmware more frequently. This is tedious. It involves taking out the installed devices, changing the code and flashing it again. To overcome these, processing of data and response can be done elsewhere. Node-Red, a visual wiring tool helps in connecting devices with ease resulting in effortless and rapid connection setups.
Report A Barrier: Creating and Implementing a Pan-University Accessibility Reporting System

Creating an accessible environment, whether in the digital or built landscape, is a goal to which we all aspire. Getting there can be somewhat daunting and hard to envision. We certainly have guidance from the regulatory world to begin the journey towards greater inclusion and accessibility (e.g. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 [1], W3C Web Content Accessibility Guidelines [2], Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1972 [3]), but how to address those situations that we don’t know exist? What are the pressing issues right now?
Nodular fasciitis of the tongue: A case report in an infant

Nodular fasciitis is a benign lesion uncommonly found in the head and neck region. Although described previously in adults, there have been no reports of nodular fasciitis in a child's tongue. A 4 month old male infant was referred for evaluation of a rapidly growing tongue lesion. He underwent excisional biopsy of the lesion. Initial pathology suggested a spindle cell tumor. Subsequent outside facility molecular testing was obtained and Nodular Fasciitis was confirmed. Nodular fasciitis is a rare benign tumor that can be often mistaken for malignancy. Special histochemical and molecular testing is required to obtain final diagnosis.
The Background and Setting

This chapter is a summary of the history of the Western Addition in San Francisco. It sets the stage for the building of the Goodman Building, a description of the family that built it and the building’s many changes, tenants and history.
Observation of irrigation-induced climate change in the Midwest United States.

Irrigated agriculture alters near-surface temperature and humidity, which may mask global climate change at the regional scale. However, observational studies of irrigation-induced climate change are lacking in temperate, humid regions throughout North America and Europe. Despite unknown climate impacts, irrigated agriculture is expanding in the Midwest United States, where unconfined aquifers provide groundwater to support crop production on coarse soils. This is the first study in the Midwest United States to observe and quantify differences in regional climate associated with irrigated agricultural conversion from forests and rainfed agriculture. To this end, we established a 60 km transect consisting of 28 stations across varying land uses and monitored surface air temperature and relative humidity for 31 months in the Wisconsin Central Sands region. We used a novel approach to quantify irrigated land use in both space and time with a database containing monthly groundwater withdrawal estimates by parcel for the state of Wisconsin. Irrigated agriculture decreased maximum temperatures and increased minimum temperatures, thus shrinking the diurnal temperature range (DTR) by an average of 3°C. Irrigated agriculture also decreased the vapor pressure deficit (VPD) by an average of 0.10 kPa. Irrigated agriculture significantly decreased evaporative demand for 25% and 66% of study days compared to rainfed agriculture and forest, respectively. Differences in VPD across the land-use gradient were highest (0.21 kPa) during the peak of the growing season, while differences in DTR were comparable year-round. Interannual variability in temperature had greater impacts on differences in DTR and VPD across the land-use gradient than interannual variability in precipitation. These regional climate changes must be considered together with increased greenhouse gas emissions, changes to groundwater quality, and surface water degradation when evaluating the costs and benefits of groundwater-sourced irrigation expansion in the Midwest United States and similar regions around the world.
Climate change: Old droughts in New Mexico

A long climate record reveals abrupt hydrological variations during past interglacials in southwestern North America. These data set a natural benchmark for detecting human effects on regional climates. See Letter p.518 Droughts lasting tens of years are known to have occurred in the southwestern United States during the past two millennia, but model simulations suggest that much longer 'megadroughts' might occur in a future, warmer climate. A new analysis of a lake sediment core from northern New Mexico reveals that such extreme droughts have occurred before: millennial-scale megadroughts were a regular feature of the warmest phases of Pleistocene interglacials. Mean annual temperatures during these droughts were comparable with or higher than today's. Comparison of the mid-Pleistocene climate record with that of the Holocene shows many similarities and suggests that were it not for anthropogenic warming, the southwestern United States would probably be entering a cool and wet phase by now.
How Do Chinese International Students View Seeking Mental Health Services

This study explored how Chinese international students view seeking mental health services. One hundred and ten Chinese international students responded to the Attitude Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale–Short Form (ATSPPH-SF) and a demographic questionnaire. Results of our data analysis revealed no significant main effects of the demographic factors (gender, length of stay in the United States, and awareness of on-campus counseling services) on attitudes toward seeking mental health services. However, awareness of on-campus counseling services was found to be a mediating factor in the relationship between gender and students’ mental health help-seeking attitudes. Based on the findings, we make recommendations on how student affairs professionals can better serve the mental health needs of Chinese and other international students.
X-ray topographic study of Bridgman-grown CdZnTeSe

Abstract We have characterized the structural quality of Cd0.9Zn0.1Te0.93Se0.07 ingot grown by the vertical Bridgman growth technique. The structural quality of Cd0.9Zn0.1Te0.93Se0.07 ingot along the length was investigated via X-ray topography in the reflection mode using a white beam synchrotron radiation source. The X-ray topography data revealed the presence of very few sub grain boundaries and no sub-grain boundary network for the CdZnTeSe samples used in this study.
The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein alters barrier function in 2D static and 3D microfluidic in-vitro models of the human blood-brain barrier.

As researchers across the globe have focused their attention on understanding SARS-CoV-2, the picture that is emerging is that of a virus that has serious effects on the vasculature in multiple organ systems including the cerebral vasculature. Observed effects on the central nervous system include neurological symptoms (headache, nausea, dizziness), fatal microclot formation and in rare cases encephalitis. However, our understanding of how the virus causes these mild to severe neurological symptoms and how the cerebral vasculature is impacted remains unclear. Thus, the results presented in this report explored whether deleterious outcomes from the SARS-CoV-2 viral spike protein on primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hBMVECs) could be observed. The spike protein, which plays a key role in receptor recognition, is formed by the S1 subunit containing a receptor binding domain (RBD) and the S2 subunit. First, using postmortem brain tissue, we show that the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 or ACE2 (a known binding target for the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein), is ubiquitously expressed throughout various vessel calibers in the frontal cortex. Moreover, ACE2 expression was upregulated in cases of hypertension and dementia. ACE2 was also detectable in primary hBMVECs maintained under cell culture conditions. Analysis of cell viability revealed that neither the S1, S2 or a truncated form of the S1 containing only the RBD had minimal effects on hBMVEC viability within a 48 h exposure window. Introduction of spike proteins to invitro models of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) showed significant changes to barrier properties. Key to our findings is the demonstration that S1 promotes loss of barrier integrity in an advanced 3D microfluidic model of the human BBB, a platform that more closely resembles the physiological conditions at this CNS interface. Evidence provided suggests that the SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins trigger a pro-inflammatory response on brain endothelial cells that may contribute to an altered state of BBB function. Together, these results are the first to show the direct impact that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein could have on brain endothelial cells; thereby offering a plausible explanation for the neurological consequences seen in COVID-19 patients.
ExpertRNA: A new framework for RNA structure prediction

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a fundamental biological molecule that is essential to all living organisms, performing a versatile array of cellular tasks. The function of many RNA molecules is strongly related to the structure it adopts. As a result, great effort is being dedicated to the design of efficient algorithms that solve the "folding problem": given a sequence of nucleotides, return a probable list of base pairs, referred to as the secondary structure prediction. Early algorithms have largely relied on finding the structure with minimum free energy. However, the predictions rely on effective simplified free energy models that may not correctly identify the correct structure as the one with the lowest free energy. In light of this, new, data-driven approaches that not only consider free energy, but also use machine learning techniques to learn motifs have also been investigated, and have recently been shown to outperform free energy based algorithms on several experimental data sets. In this work, we introduce the new ExpertRNA algorithm that provides a modular framework which can easily incorporate an arbitrary number of rewards (free energy or non-parametric/data driven) and secondary structure prediction algorithms. We argue that this capability of ExpertRNA has the potential to balance out different strengths and weaknesses of state-of-the-art folding tools. We test the ExpertRNA on several RNA sequence-structure data sets, and we compare the performance of ExpertRNA against a state-of-the-art folding algorithm. We find that ExpertRNA produces, on average, more accurate predictions than the structure prediction algorithm used, thus validating the promise of the approach.
Conformational Diversity Defines Substrate Specificity of Thymidylate/Uridylate Kinase from Candida albicans

Thymidylate kinase (TMK) from Candida albicans (CaTMK) contains a unique 15 residue insert, the CaLoop, that is not found on other TMKs. CaTMK is proficient at phosphorylating deoxyuridine monophosphate (dUMP), showing a rate 6-fold higher than TMP. It has been shown that deletion of the CaLoop reduces the activity towards dUMP by 19-fold, but has only a modest 4-fold decrease in activity towards TMP. The molecular dynamics calculations presented here show that the increased activity towards dUMP is due to an increase in flexibility and correlated motions of the protein that allows the enzyme-dUMP complex to more readily approach a catalytically competent state. Deletion of the CaLoop allows the dUMP-enzyme complex to adopt catalytically non-functional conformations. In contrast, TMP stabilizes the deletion such that it remains in a functional conformation that is similar to the conformation of the original enzyme.
How to Pack the Court in a Hurry

The US Constitution creates a Supreme Court, while leaving it to Congress to create inferior courts. The Constitution does not, however, specify the size of the membership of the Supreme Court, which has varied over time but is currently set at nine. It is widely assumed that the Congress has the power to specify the size of the Supreme Court. Ever since FDR’s second term, the exercise of that power to enlarge the Supreme Court has been derided as “packing the Court.” The assumption that Congress has the power to determine, and to alter, the size of the Supreme Court is mistaken. As is clear from the language, structure, and purpose of the Constitution, the size of the membership of the Supreme Court is determined jointly by the President and the Senate. This means that the Supreme Court can be enlarged by the simple expedient of the Senate’s confirmation of Presidential nominees, in any number the Senate deems advisable. No statute or amendment is necessary —nor indeed would any statute purporting to limit the joint power of the President and the Senate to determine the size of the Supreme Court be valid. The consequences of enlarging the Court this easy way are explored.
Immune-Mediated Sensorineural Hearing Loss in the Pediatric Population.

A case series with chart review of pediatric patients with immune-mediated sensorineural hearing loss, including sudden sensorineural hearing loss and autoimmune-mediated hearing loss, was performe...
Redox and catalase-like activities of four widely used carbon monoxide releasing molecules (CO-RMs)

The pathophysiological roles of the endogenous signaling molecule, carbon monoxide (CO), have been extensively studied and validated in cell culture and animal models. Further, evidence supporting the therapeutic effects of CO in various human diseases has been mounting over the last two decades. Along this line, there has been intensive interest in developing various delivery forms including CO gas, CO in solution, metal–carbonyl complexes widely known as CO-releasing molecules (CO-RMs), and organic CO prodrugs. Among them, two ruthenium-based carbonyl complexes, CORM-2 and -3, occupy a very special place because they have been used in over 500 published studies. One of the mechanisms for CO's actions is known to be through attenuation of oxidative stress and regulation of production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). For this reason, it is important that CO delivery forms do not have intrinsic chemical redox properties. Herein, we describe our findings of catalase-like activities of CORM-2 and -3 in a CO-independent fashion, leading to the rapid degradation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in PBS buffer (pH = 7.4) and in cell culture media. Further, we have found that CORM-2 and CORM-3 possess potent radical scavenging abilities. We have also studied two other widely used CO donors: CORM-401 and CORM-A1. Both showed chemical reactivity with ROS, but to a lesser degree than CORM-2 and -3. Because of the central role of ROS in some of the proposed mechanisms of actions for CO biology, the discovery of intrinsic chemical redox properties for these CO-RMs means that additional attention in designing proper controls is needed in future biological experiments using these CO-RMs for their CO-donating functions. Further, much more work is needed to understand the true implications of the chemical reactivity of these CO-RMs in cell-culture and animal-model studies of CO biology.
Advances in the genetically complex autoinflammatory diseases

Monogenic diseases usually demonstrate Mendelian inheritance and are caused by highly penetrant genetic variants of a single gene. In contrast, genetically complex diseases arise from a combination of multiple genetic and environmental factors. The concept of autoinflammation originally emerged from the identification of individual, activating lesions of the innate immune system as the molecular basis of the hereditary periodic fever syndromes. In addition to these rare, monogenic forms of autoinflammation, genetically complex autoinflammatory diseases like the periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome, chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO), Behcet's disease, and systemic arthritis also fulfill the definition of autoinflammatory diseases-namely, the development of apparently unprovoked episodes of inflammation without identifiable exogenous triggers and in the absence of autoimmunity. Interestingly, investigations of these genetically complex autoinflammatory diseases have implicated both innate and adaptive immune abnormalities, blurring the line between autoinflammation and autoimmunity. This reinforces the paradigm of concerted innate and adaptive immune dysfunction leading to genetically complex autoinflammatory phenotypes.
Cytochrome oxidase genes from Thermus thermophilus. Nucleotide sequence and analysis of the deduced primary structure of subunit IIc of cytochrome caa3.

Cytochrome caa3, a cytochrome c oxidase from Thermus thermophilus, is a two-subunit enzyme containing the four canonical metal centers of cytochrome c oxidases (cytochromes a and a3; copper centers CuA and CuB) and an additional cytochrome c. The smaller subunit contains heme C and was termed the C-protein. We have cloned the genes encoding the subunits of the oxidase and determined the nucleotide sequence of the C-protein gene. The gene and deduced primary amino acid sequences establish that both the gene and the protein are fusions with a typical subunit II sequence and a characteristic cytochrome c sequence; we now call this subunit IIc. The protein thus appears to represent a covalent joining of substrate (cytochrome c) to its enzyme (cytochrome c oxidase). In common with other subunits II, subunit IIc contains two hydrophobic segments of amino acids near the amino terminus that probably form transmembrane helices. Variability analysis of the Thermus and other subunit II sequences suggests that the two putative transmembrane helices in subunit II may be located on the surface of the hydrophobic portion of the intact cytochrome oxidase protein complex. Also in common with other subunits II is a relatively hydrophilic intermembrane domain containing a set of conserved amino acids (2 cysteines and 2 histidines) which have previously been proposed by others to serve as ligands to the CuA center. We compared the subunit IIc sequence with that of related proteins. N2O reductase of Pseudomonas stutzeri, a multi-copper protein that appears to contain a CuA site (Scott, R.A., Zumft, W.G., Coyle, C.L., and Dooley, D.M. (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86, 4082-4086), contains a 59-residue sequence element that is homologous to the "CuA sequence motif" found in cytochrome oxidase subunits II, including all four putative copper ligands. By contrast, subunit II of the Escherichia coli quinol oxidase, cytochrome bo, also contains a region homologous to the CuA motif, but it lacks the proposed metal binding histidine and cysteine residues; this is consistent with the apparent absence of CuA from cytochrome bo.
Studies on the Respiratory Chain-linked Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Dehydrogenase XXII. RHEIN, A COMPETITIVE INHIBITOR OF THE DEHYDROGENASE

Abstract Rhein (4,5-dihydroxyanthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid) inhibits the mitochondrial oxidation of reduced nicotamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) but not of succinate. The inhibition is competitive with respect to substrate and involves a block between NADH and the flavin of NADH dehydrogenase. The Ki is about 2 µm at 30°. Evidence for this localization has come from kinetic analysis of the effect of rhein on the transhydrogenation and oxidation of NADH by purified NADH dehydrogenase. Rhein inhibits at similar concentrations the NADH-ferricyanide reaction and energy-linked NAD reduction in submitochondrial particles, but in these instances a secondary, noncompetitive inhibition is also apparent. Rhein has a pronounced tendency to combine with proteins, resulting in shifts of its absorption spectrum. These spectral changes may be used to monitor the combination of rhein with submitochondrial particles and the release of rhein from NADH dehydrogenase by NAD. The displacement of rhein by NAD suggests that this inhibitor may be used as a selective probe of the active site of NADH dehydrogenase. Combination of rhein with bovine serum albumin may be used to prevent or reverse the inhibition of NADH dehydrogenase. Combination with other proteins may mask the inhibition of respiratory chain-linked NADH dehydrogenase in tissues or mitochondria having a relatively low content of NADH dehydrogenase, e.g. liver. Rhein is not entirely specific for NADH dehydrogenase; at similar concentrations it also inhibits mitochondrial transhydrogenation and DT-diaphorase and at somewhat higher concentrations lactate and malate dehydrogenases from heart muscle but is without effect on a number of other pyridine nucleotide-linked enzymes, flavoproteins, and membrane-bound enzymes tested.
Identification of a novel human immunodeficiency virus strain cytopathic to megakaryocytic cells

Impaired megakaryocytopoiesis may be a contributing factor to thrombocytopenia associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Because HIV isolates differ in their host range and pathogenicity, we investigated whether HIV strains with demonstrable cell tropism and increased cytopathicity for megakaryocytes could be derived from the blood of thrombocytopenic HIV-infected individuals. We derived a strain, HIV-WW, from the peripheral blood of an individual with severe thrombocytopenia and found the virus to be highly and specifically cytotoxic to CMK and DAMI megakaryocytic cells. CMK and DAMI cells were not permissive for the virus and HIV-WW induced cytopathicity for these megakaryocytic cells did not depend on viral replication. The CD4 N-terminus-binding domain of the HIV gp120 envelope protein did not appear to be involved in determining the cytopathic phenomenon. HIV may impair megakaryocytopoiesis through interactions at the cell surface in some cases rather than through viral entry and intracellular replication.
Nanosecond and Picosecond Laser Irradiation of Solid Targets

The design and operating characteristics of a large Nd+3 glass laser which produces large-energy, single mode locked pulses will be discussed. With rigorous care to minimize back reflections and precise optical alignment, pulses of up to 35 joules and 3 psec FWHM have been focused onto the surface of CD2. Incident, transmitted, and reflected energies were monitored ana for targets 0.04 cm thick, 0.025% transmission and 0.4% reflection were observed for a typical 10 joule psec pulse. These values remained essentially the same for a 35 J, 3.5 nsec pulse. Measurements of ion velocity distributions at several orientations relative to the laser beam indicate considerable anisotropics, velocities back toward the laser being substantially larger than those away from the laser.
Speed and Memory: An Interview with Jane Miller

I first encountered Jane Miller through her 1993 book August Zero. With a vertiginous lyricism, at turns sacred and profane, intimate and cultural, she managed to render an apocalyptic vision without losing an essential tenderness. It was a model to me of the possibili ties of lyric form, and specifically how I, also a western poet, might turn my gaze outward to the physical landscape while maintaining the imperatives of song. So too, her range?between love and dev astation, gay and straight, postmodern and tradition?offered a way to write poetry that evoked the strange trespasses technology bears upon the self. I found her inspirational.
The Impact of a Migration Shock on Tenant Satisfaction: The Case of Hurricane Katrina and Baton Rouge, Louisiana

The damage inflicted by Hurricane Katrina resulted in a massive displacement of residents, in particular from New Orleans, Louisiana. Initially, many of these evacuees moved to Baton Rouge, Louisiana, the closest major town that escaped significant hurricane damage. Using comments posted on the United States’ largest consumer comment website for apartment residents, this study tracks the self-reported residential satisfaction of tenants in Baton Rouge before and after the massive migration of refugees from nearby coastal areas. Although this migration resulted in a dramatic drop in residential satisfaction, within nine months satisfaction levels had rebounded substantially.
Publishers as Gatekeepers of Ideas

Publishers stand at a crucial crossroads in the process of production and distribution of knowledge in any society. They are in a position to decide what is “in” and what is “out” of the marketplace of ideas. In the United States, the nature of the publishing industry has much to do with what kinds of materials are published. Decentralization of firms, a very unpredictable market and the peculiar internal organization of the industry itself all affect the situation. The personnel of publishing firms—editors, sales people and others—also have a role in the distribution of knowledge. The orientation of editors and their professional expertise are crucial. Publishing is no doubt one of the most complicated of enterprises, and its key role in shaping and distributing knowledge and culture makes it a key element for analysis.
Demographic trends of Brown Pelicans in Louisiana before and after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill

Marine oil spills may have extensive and deleterious effects on coastal waterbirds, but pre-spill data sets are often not available for making comparisons of demographics to the period following a spill. The 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill allowed us to compare Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis) demographics during pre- and post-spill years. We banded 1114 pelicans on Louisiana barrier islands from 2007 to 2009, tracked their distribution via band re-sighting surveys from 2008 to 2011, and conducted age-structure surveys. Across Louisiana coastal islands in 2011, we detected 7% of pelicans that had been oiled during the 2010 spill and released following rehabilitation. Similarly, 6% of pelicans (not oiled) banded at the same release site in 2007 were observed across coastal islands 1 yr after banding. We observed variation in proportions of pelicans that were 1, 2, and 3 or more years old among years (2008-2011) and across islands, but little variation could readily be assigned to spill-related mortality. These Brown Pelican demographic trends one year following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill are contrary to other assessments of the impacts of oil contamination on marine birds. However, additional research is required to evaluate potential long-term population trends.
An Experimental Verification of Basin Metamorphoses in A Nonlinear Mechanical System

This paper describes bifurcations and the basin boundary metamorphoses that give rise to post-fold outcome indeterminacy from a primarily experimental perspective. A gravity-loaded cart-and-track system is constrained to mimic the twin-well, single-degree-of-freedom Duffing oscillator. Of primary interest is the study of how motion, initially contained within a single well, "spills over" into the adjacent well. Although this system is globally bounded, it retains the same generic features of the single-well canonical escape equation. Using time-embedded coordinates, the technique of stochastic interrogation is used to generate the initial condition maps at three different forcing levels corresponding to three different regimes of post-fold outcomes. These three regions are characterized, respectively, by smooth basin boundaries with safe jumps to resonance, fractal basin boundaries with jumps that may or may not restabilize on to the resonant attractor, and eroded basins with unsafe jumps leading to escape from the local well. This experiment successfully replicates much of the subtle global behavior observed in numerical simulations.
Ultrafast study of electronic relaxation dynamics in Au11 nanoclusters

Abstract Ultrafast electronic relaxation measurements in thiol-capped Au 11 reveal an excited state lifetime of >500 ps, similar to Au 13 and Au 28 . Upon extended exposure to laser light, a small amplitude, fast relaxation component was observed and attributed to formation of larger particles or aggregates. The long lifetime, combined with a lack of excitation intensity dependence, indicates that Au 11 behaves more molecule-like rather than a typical, bulk-like gold metal nanoparticle. The main relaxation pathway is proposed to be non-radiative mediated by a large number of surface trap states.
Factors which influence the analysis and design of ejector nozzles

A theoretical analysis of the viscous interaction between the primary and secondary streams of ejector nozzles was developed. The analysis accounts for real sonic line effects and the streamwise variation in stream mixing and boundary layer within the ejector. The aspects of the analysis are explained and illustrated by applying the theory to a variety of ejector configurations including cylindrical shroud, contoured flap and plug nozzles. Extensive comparisons are made between theory and data to show the importance of various analytical assumptions and such design variables as diameter ratio, spacing ratio, total temperature ratio, and primary nozzle geometry.
`Phycomyces: Interference Between the Light Growth Response and the Avoidance Response

Phycomyces sporangiophores showl a growth response to a light stimus and an avoidance bending response to a physical barrier. A bluie-light stimnlluts Imninisteredl in conjunction with a barrier interferes with the avoidance bending sponse. This interference begins ifter a latency of abotit 3 minultes atndt continues a period of 4 to 5 minutes.
Colored electron micrographs: production and application to distinguish objects of similar density and structure.

Sites of acid phosphatase activity have been differentiated from lead citrate and uranyl acetate stains, as well as from stain artifacts, by converting their black-and-white electron microscope images to readily distinguishable colors. Two methods have been devised. In the first method electron micrograph negatives are made of a given area of tissue on the grid both before and after the uranyl and lead stains are applied to the tissue. The second method photographically separates the more dense heavy metal enzyme reaction product from the less dense surrounding tissue structures and uses only one initial negative. The two negatives produced by either method are used to produce 2-color Dye Transfer (Eastman Kodak) color prints. The methods accentuate differences in stain localization and reveal small variations in electron density.
SSR marker and ITS cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence analysis of soybean × Glycine tomentella intersubgeneric derived lines

Wild perennial Glycine species are an invaluable gene resource for the cultivated soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr., 2n=40]. However, these wild species have been largely unexplored in soybean breeding programs because of their extremely low crossability with soybean and the need to employ in vitro embryo rescue methods to produce F1 hybrids. The objective of this study was to develop molecular markers to identify gene introgression from G. tomentella, a wild perennial Glycine species, to soybean. A selection of 96 soybean simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers was evaluated for cross-specific amplification and polymorphism in G. tomentella. Thirty-two SSR markers (33%) revealed specific alleles for G. tomentella PI 483218 (2n=78). These SSR markers were further examined with an amphidiploid line (2n=118) and monosomic alien addition lines (MAALs), each with 2n=40 chromosomes from soybean and one from G. tomentella. The results show that the use of SSR markers is a rapid and reliable method to detect G. tomentella chromosomes in MAALs. We also developed a cleaved amplification polymorphism sequence (CAPS) marker according to the sequences of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions in soybean and G. tomentella. Four MAALs that carry the ITS (rDNA) locus from G. tomentella were identified. The SSR and ITS-CAPS markers will greatly facilitate the introgression and characterization of gene transfer from G. tomentella to soybean.
Affinity chromatography of glycopeptides using concanavalin A.

Abstract A technique has been developed that utilizes affinity chromatography on Concanavalin A (Con A)-agarose column for isolation of glycopeptides from IgA protein. Three glycopeptides thus obtained were homogeneous when examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. One glycopeptide contained two oligosaccharides which were partially resolved following pronase digestion. Recovery of glycopeptides applied to the Con A column was virtually complete. The specificity of Con A for the glycopeptides present in the IgA 1 protein was demonstrated.
Adopting Abstract Images for Semantic Scene Understanding

Relating visual information to its linguistic semantic meaning remains an open and challenging area of research. The semantic meaning of images depends on the presence of objects, their attributes and their relations to other objects. But precisely characterizing this dependence requires extracting complex visual information from an image, which is in general a difficult and yet unsolved problem. In this paper, we propose studying semantic information in abstract images created from collections of clip art. Abstract images provide several advantages over real images. They allow for the direct study of how to infer high-level semantic information, since they remove the reliance on noisy low-level object, attribute and relation detectors, or the tedious hand-labeling of real images. Importantly, abstract images also allow the ability to generate sets of semantically similar scenes. Finding analogous sets of real images that are semantically similar would be nearly impossible. We create 1,002 sets of 10 semantically similar abstract images with corresponding written descriptions. We thoroughly analyze this dataset to discover semantically important features, the relations of words to visual features and methods for measuring semantic similarity. Finally, we study the relation between the saliency and memorability of objects and their semantic importance.
Inhibition of sodium-dependent taurine transport in red blood cells from the marine polychaete, Glycera dibranchiata, after exposure to mercury.

An earlier study (Chen and Preston, 1987) demonstrated that HgCI 2 at low concentrations (20 ~M) inhibited the transport of the amino acid, taurine, by the hemoglobin containing coelomocytes (red blood cells, RBCs) of the marine polychaete, Glycera dibranchiata. These red cells maintain an internal concentration of 190 mM taurine compared with an external concentration in the coelomic fluid of approximately 0.2 mM. This high gradient appears to be generated via a Na and CI dependent active transport system which is specific for taurine and closely related analogues (Preston and Chen, 1986; Chen and Preston, 1986). This taurine transport system resembles other taurine transport systems observed in heart and kidney tissue (Awapara and Berg, 1985; Wolff et al, 1985). It appears that Glycera RBCs provide an excellent model system to study the mechanism of heavy metal inhibition of transport function. We proposed that one possible mechanism for the action of HgCI 2 is that this molecule binds to sulfhydryl groups in the Na binding site of the transport protein. In order to test this hypothesis we conducted a series of kinetic studies to analyze in more detail the interaction oi Na and Hg with the transport system. In addition, we conducted experiments to determine whether the effects of HgCI 2 treatment could also be due to generalized changes in cellular permeability.
Mutual cross-talk between fibronectin integrins and the EGF receptor: Molecular basis and biological significance

Extension of the plasma membrane is one of the first steps in cell migration. Understanding how cells “choose” between various types of membrane protrusion enhances our knowledge of both normal and...
Alteration of Otolith Aragonite: Effects of Prehistoric Cooking Methods on Otolith Chemistry

Geochemical analyses of fish otoliths from archaeological sites are a valuable source of paleoclimate data. A common assumption in such research is that the otolith chemistry is unaltered from the time of capture until excavation. Although post-depositional diagenesis will vary between sites according to local burial conditions, the effects of common pre-depositional treatment such as cooking or trash disposal can be evaluated experimentally. Six Atlantic croaker (Micropogonius undulatus) and six gafftopsail catfish (Bagre marinus) were treated using five different methods to simulate cooking and trash disposal. The left sagittal otolith was removed as an experimental control prior to cooking or burning each fish. After cooking or burning, the remaining otolith was removed and each otolith pair was tested to measure changes in crystallography, carbon and oxygen isotope content, and elemental chemistry. Recrystallization and changes in isotope chemistry only occurred in burned otoliths. In contrast, elemental composition was altered during each treatment method. These experiments validate the use of carbon and oxygen isotope analyses of unburned otoliths in paleoclimate research, but suggest caution in the interpretation of elemental data.
A fast inexpensive method of producing large quantities of metallic microelectrodes.

Abstract A convenient method of producing up to twenty usable microelectrodes at a time, of high performance characteristics, has been described. The method requires little expenditure of time and money when compared to that required by the usual methods of preparing steel microelectrodes one at a time.
THE CHANGING FAMILY: PERSPECTIVES FOR FAMILY MINISTRY

(1988). THE CHANGING FAMILY: PERSPECTIVES FOR FAMILY MINISTRY. Religious Education: Vol. 83, No. 4, pp. 498-509.
Human communication and contemporary evolutionary theory

(1987). Human communication and contemporary evolutionary theory. Research on Language and Social Interaction: Vol. 20, Multichannel Communication Codes: Part I, pp. 79-139.
Factors affecting mating activity and pregnancy rates with beef bulls mated to estrus synchronized females

Ninety-two beef bulls and 2,316 estrus synchronized beef females were used in single-sire mating trials to evaluate effects of age and breed of bull, bull-to-female ratios, number of females exhibiting estrus, and number of times a heifer or cow was serviced on mating activity and pregnancy rates. Bulls ranged in age from 1 to 7 yr and were either Angus or Hereford. Each bull received a breeding soundness examination and was exposed twice to a libido/serving capacity test. Females received either the Syncro-Mate B (SMB) treatment or the double injection treatment of Prostaglandin F2α (PGF). Bull-to-female ratios ranged from 1:7 to 1:51. Bulls were joined with their groups of females at 27 h (SMB) or 48 h (PGF) posttreatment, and sexual activity was observed continuously for 30 and 48 h, respectively. Each bull remained with his group of females until the end of a 120-h posttreatment period. There were no differences between Angus and Hereford bulls in measurements of mating activity or pregnancy rate. It appeared that bulls became more efficient in mating activity as they increased in age up to 3 yr and older. Pregnancy rates based on number of females exhibiting estrus were lowest in yearlings (30.2 ± 5.1%), intermediate in 2-yr-olds (40.3 ± 6.0%) and highest in 3-yr and older bulls (50.7 ± 4.5%). Pregnancy rates were not affected by bull-to-female ratio or number of females exhibiting estrus per bull. However, females serviced two or more times had higher (P < 0.05) pregnancy rates than those serviced one time.
Hydrophobic Contributions to the Membrane Docking of Synaptotagmin 7 C2A Domain: Mechanistic Contrast Between Isoforms 1 and 7

Synaptotagmin (Syt) triggers Ca2+-dependent membrane fusion via its tandem C2 domains, C2A and C2B. The 17 known human isoforms are active in different secretory cell types, including neurons (Syt1 and others) and pancreatic β cells (Syt7 and others). Here, quantitative fluorescence measurements reveal notable differences in the membrane docking mechanisms of Syt1 C2A and Syt7 C2A to vesicles comprised of physiological lipid mixtures. In agreement with previous studies, the Ca2+ sensitivity of membrane binding is much higher for Syt7 C2A. We report here for the first time that this increased sensitivity is due to the slower target membrane dissociation of Syt7 C2A. Association and dissociation rate constants for Syt7 C2A are found to be ∼2-fold and ∼60-fold slower than Syt1 C2A, respectively. Furthermore, the membrane dissociation of Syt7 C2A but not Syt1 C2A is slowed by Na2SO4 and trehalose, solutes that enhance the hydrophobic effect. Overall, the simplest model consistent with these findings proposes ...