cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of dopamine receptor activation on the level of cyclic AMP in the trabecular meshwork

We examined the effects of dopamine and of a selective DA1 agonist, fenoldopam, on the levels of cyclic AMP in the trabecular meshwork, freshly excised from porcine and canine eyes. As measured by radioimmunoassay, fenoldopam at a concentration of 10(-5) M caused a 4-fold increase in the cyclic AMP content, from a basal level of 24.4 +/- 1.9 to 101.8 +/- 6.3 pmol/mg protein, of the trabecular meshwork samples from porcine eyes. In tissue samples from canine eyes, fenoldopam at a concentration of 10(-4) M increased the endogenous cyclic AMP level from a basal value of 26.0 +/- 4.6 to 64.2 +/- 5.7 pmol/mg protein. Dopamine, although less potent, produced a similar response. Preincubation with a DA1 receptor antagonist, SCH 23390, inhibited the increase in cyclic AMP levels by 90%. Such inhibition did not occur with the alpha- and beta-receptor antagonists phenoxybenzamine and propranolol, respectively. This investigation demonstrates that adenylate cyclase-coupled DA1 receptors are present in porcine and canine trabecular meshwork tissue.
Genetics and Behavior

Behavior genetics is a field within the biological sciences that investigates the way in which particular components of the genome of an organism interact with the environment during development to produce a particular adult behavior. Before 1900 and the emergence of Mendelian genetics, behavior was studied by biologists as an aspect of instinct theory, something prominent in the work of Charles Darwin and his followers in the late nineteenth century. In the twentieth century, biologists identified genes that influence behavior to varying degrees in many animals, particularly insects. Similar attempts in human beings have encountered numerous difficulties because of the impossibility of controlling environmental factors that contribute enormously to the formation of all human behavior.
Understanding Couple Shared Reality: The Case of Combined Couple Versus Discrepancy Assessments in Understanding Couple Forgiveness

In this methodological study we use the concept of couple forgiveness to explore how to utilize couple data to assess and analyze the systemic idea of a shared reality and other constructs. That is, when couples have a shared reality about a given topic (forgiveness) does that shared view enhance marital outcomes? Shared reality theory, would predict that if forgiveness is scored using a discrepancy calculation, net of previous marital quality and other standard controls, there will be significant and positive increases in relationship quality as discrepancy decreases. Data to evaluate these ideas were collected over three-years from interviews of a community sample of 324 couples. The initial ideas about a shared reality were confirmed in only a few instances. However, individual and combined ratings were significantly associated with couple outcomes but the amount of shared reality was generally not. These findings imply that couple data continues to be crucial for predicting relationship outcomes but combining scores may be more helpful than evaluating discrepancy, at least with a relational construct like forgiveness. Additionally, we found that women’s assessment of personal or partner forgiveness was more statistically powerful in predicting positive marital outcomes than men’s assessments.
New tricks for an old drug.

The prodrug dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) is a well-known tool compound used to study hypoxia. New findings reveal that DMOG also inhibits glutamine metabolism and can be exploited to selectively kill some cancer cells, highlighting important caveats when using DMOG for hypoxia studies.
Deep Neural Network for Low Light Phase Recovery

Poisson noise due to the quantization of light is a universal phenomenon, especially severe in low light imaging conditions. Such noise is unavoidable and impacts computational imaging systems and algorithms. In this paper, we show how to efficiently use deep neural networks to handle Poisson noise in the context of a phase retrieval problem. For sparse objects, we demonstrate successful phase recovery with as little as 10 photons per detector pixel per acquisition cycle.
Reactive molecular dynamics simulations of an excess proton in polyethylene glycol-water solutions*

We investigate the effects of both triethylene glycol (TEG) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the structure and transport of an excess proton (H+) in aqueous solution. A new reactive force field (Re...
Toxic Shock Syndrome

Dr. James Todd first described toxic shock syndrome (TSS) in 1978. His case series report included seven children and adolescents who presented with a high fever, headache, confusion, conjunctival hyperemia, a scarlatiniform rash, subcutaneous edema, vomiting, watery diarrhea, and oliguria leading to severe, prolonged shock. Consistent laboratory findings included evidence of acute renal failure, liver injury, and dysfunction and disseminated intravascular coagulation. One patient died, one developed gangrene of the toes, and all six survivors developed desquamation of the skin on their hands and feet during convalescence. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was isolated from mucosal (nasopharyngeal, vaginal, tracheal), or sequestered (empyema, abscess) sites, but not from blood. These isolates produced an exotoxin, which caused a positive Nikolsky sign when inoculated into a newborn mouse. In the years that followed, the reported association of TSS with high absorbency tampon use garnered substantial media attention and delivered an important public health message albeit with more hyperbole than necessary. During that era, statements from Dr. Todd about “the myths, partial truths, and gross misconceptions promulgated in the media” sought to bring better education and additional perspective to the problem. Years later, the term “superantigen” was coined to describe a stimulus that causes a substantial expansion and proliferation of T lymphocytes leading to massive production and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2, and IL-6. The inflammatory response is responsible for the clinical signs and symptoms seen in the patient with TSS. The end result of this intense cascade of events is life-threatening cardiovascular collapse. TSS is thus mediated by a complex interaction of superantigens with the host that results in extensive immune dysregulation and multi-organ dysfunction. Infections caused by Gram-positive organisms that produce superantigens, such as toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) and enterotoxins SEB and SEC, produced by some strains of S. aureus, and streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A (SPE-A), produced by some strains of Streptococcus pyogenes, can lead to TSS. Clinically, TSS is an acute systemic illness, characterized by fever, hypotension, and involvement of at least two or more organ systems. Established case definitions exist for TSS caused by strains of S. aureus and S. pyogenes with some important differences between the two.
The Rare Association of Cleft Lip and/or Palate and Wilms Tumor:

There is currently no recognized connection between the occurrence of cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) and Wilms tumor (WT). A retrospective review of cleft team records (2001-2015) revealed 3 cases of children, all male, with concomitant diagnoses of CL/P and WT treated at our institution. These patients presented as infants for care of their CL/P, all with additional congenital anomalies, developmental delays, and growth delays. Between the ages of 1 and 4 years, each was diagnosed with WT, which was treated with chemotherapy and partial nephrectomy, +/- radiation, leading to full remission in all cases.
Residual effects of herbicide-treatedEichhornia crassipesused as a soil amendment

The use of Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms (water hyacinth) as a soil amendment in fruit and vegetable production has been proposed in several areas of the world. To assess possible residual effects, E. crassipes was treated with maximum label rates of diquat, glyphosate, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) herbicides. Placement Experiment:E. crassipes was shredded into a fine mulch 1/2 hour, and 1, 2, and 7 days after herbicide or water (control) treatment (DAT) and added to soil in pots as a top mulch, a layered mulch, or a mixture, with seedling Lycopersicon esculentum (Mill; tomato) as assay species. Negative effects of glyphosate and 2,4-D were noted for L. esculentum growth only for the mixed treatment, and only at 2 DAT. Duration Experiment: coarsely chopped herbicide-treated E. crassipes was thoroughly mixed with soil. Reductions in L. esculentum plant biomass, including mortality, persisted for 1 DAT with diquat, 7 DAT with 2,4-D, and 14 DAT with glyphosate. Ratio/Soil Type Experiment: one day after herbicide application to E. crassipes, L. esculentum seedlings were planted into ratios (4:0, 3:1, 2:2, 1:3, 0:4) of herbicide-treated to untreated E. crassipes, and mixed with clay, loam, or sand. Glyphosate and 2,4-D reduced L. esculentum growth in proportion to the ratio of treated to untreated E. crassipes. Soil type did not influence herbicide effects on L. esculentum growth.
Expression of osteopontin and markers of inflammation in patients with hepatocellular cellular carcinoma.

e15122 Background: No biomarkers exist that can diagnose Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Liver cirrhosis is characterized by chronic inflammation which is a well-known factor in the development of ...
Formation of beta,gamma-methylene-7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate from beta,gamma-methyleneguanosine 5'-triphosphate by GTP cyclohydrolase I of Escherichia coli.

Abstract GTP cyclohydrolase I of Escherichia coli converts [β,γ-methylene]GTP to a fluorescent product that is characterized as [β,γ-methylene]dihydroneopterin triphosphate. Interaction between the GTP analog and the enzyme gave a K i of 3.0 μ m , which may be compared to the K m of 0.1 μ m for GTP. This new analog of dihydroneopterin triphosphate may, in turn, be converted to the same greenish-yellow pteridines (compounds X, X1, and X2) that are obtained from dihydroneopterin triphosphate. Because of its stability to phosphatase action, this analog may be useful for studies in pteridine metabolism.
The Economic Cost of Cirrhosis

Cirrhosis of the liver is a common condition that is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. The available data also underline the substantial economic burden associated with cirrhosis resulting from both direct health-care expenditures in caring for the disease as well as indirect costs related to lost income from premature death or disability. The economic costs of cirrhosis will likely continue to increase as a result of an aging chronic hepatitis C cohort and the rising prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. This chapter provides an overview of the economic consequences of cirrhosis, and discusses the implications of these costs for the practicing physician.
Race and Asthma Outcomes in Older Adults: Results from the National Asthma Survey.

Background The number of older adults with asthma continues to rise, yet the effects of race and ethnicity on asthma outcomes in this population are unknown. Objective To characterize the effect of race and ethnicity on asthma outcomes in a large national sample of older adults and to identify factors that are associated with disparities found. Methods Data from the 2015 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey and Asthma Call-Back Survey were analyzed. Respondents were included if they had a current asthma diagnosis, were aged ≥55, and self-identified as non-Hispanic white, African American, or Hispanic. Demographic variables, health care access, comorbidities, and asthma history were correlated with asthma outcomes (health care utilization and asthma control). Asthma outcome variables were further analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. Results A total of 4700 individuals were included. Compared with non-Hispanic white respondents, African American and Hispanic respondents had lower incomes, greater impaired access to health care due to cost, and increased reliance on rescue medications. After controlling for factors including income, education, comorbidities, and health insurance, African American and Hispanic respondents were twice as likely to visit the emergency room (ER) for asthma (P Conclusions Racial differences in asthma outcomes persist despite controlling for multiple social determinants of health and access to health insurance through Medicare. Minority patients were more likely to visit the ER but less likely to report frequent daytime symptoms. These findings indicate that comprehensive strategies to address assessment, monitoring, and treatment are needed to decrease health disparities.
Gabapentin for pain control during same-day dilation and evacuation: A double-blind randomized controlled trial

Introduction Scant research evaluates pain management during dilation and evacuation (D&E). Gabapentin has emerged as an effective adjunct for peri-operative pain control. We investigated the effect of gabapentin on pain during D&E. Method We conducted a randomized controlled double-blinded trial among patients undergoing same-day D&E at 14 through 19 weeks gestation under intravenous moderate sedation. Participants were randomized 1:1 to oral gabapentin 600 mg or placebo, administered after misoprostol cervical preparation. Pain was assessed by 100-mm visual analog scale. We assessed satisfaction with pain control, nausea, vomiting, and anxiety using 5-point Likert scales and State Trait Anxiety Inventory. The study was powered to detect a 30% reduction in maximum operative pain (13-mm) assessed five minutes postoperatively. Results We enrolled 126 participants and randomized 61 to gabapentin and 65 to placebo, with study medication administered a mean of 3.5 hours preoperatively (range 1.2–6.2 h). No difference was observed in baseline demographics, parity, or gestational age. Gabapentin was associated with reduced pain after speculum insertion (45 vs 56 mm, p = 0.03) and during uterine aspiration (56 vs 71 mm p = 0.003), compared to placebo. Thirty-minutes post-procedure, the gabapentin group had lower pain (12 vs 23 mm, p=0.008) and higher satisfaction (p = 0.01). Median fentanyl dose was 25 mcg lower in the gabapentin group (75 vs 100 mcg, p = 0.005). Maximum operative pain did not differ between groups (41 vs 49 mm, p = 0.2). Versed dose, nausea, vomiting, and anxiety did not differ between groups. No serious adverse events occurred nor was sedation reversal required. Conclusions The addition of gabapentin to moderate sedation during D&E resulted in reduced intra-operative pain, lower fentanyl dosing, and increased satisfaction with pain control. However, maximum pain reported after the procedure was not different.
Eptifibatide use following emergent carotid stenting in acute anterior circulation ischemic stroke with tandem occlusion.

Abstract Background Early revascularization of the extracranial internal carotid artery in acute anterior circulation ischemic stroke (ACIS) is feasible and may improve clinical outcome. When a stent is deployed, antithrombotic agents should be administered peri-procedurally to ensure stent patency. Our institution implemented a protocol for the use of eptifibatide as a means of maintaining stent patency in the treatment of ACIS associated with cervical internal carotid artery occlusion. Methods Our internal database was queried for patients who received emergent endovascular therapy (ET) for ACIS with stent placement and eptifibatide administration between July 2016 and 2019. Results Twenty nine patients met the study criteria. The etiology was large artery atherosclerosis in 26 cases. Two patients had a dissection (7%), and one had a carotid occlusion related to a recent carotid endarterectomy. Mean NIHSS was 14. Sixteen patients received IVrtPA. Extracranial-intracranial tandem occlusion (TO) was present in 21 of cases. All patients received an eptifibatide bolus followed by an infusion for approximately 24 hours post stent deployment. Head CT was obtained prior to initiation of oral dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel. Successful recanalization was achieved in all patients with no evidence of downstream embolization. Symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage occurred in one patient. Stent occlusion occurred in two patients, only one of which was symptomatic. Favorable clinical outcome with mRS ≤ 2 at 3 months was achieved in seventeen patients. Conclusions The use of eptifibatide post procedure was associated with low risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, including in patients treated with rtPA.
EFFECT OF CLINICAL PHARMACIST MEDIATED COUNSELLING IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS ON HEALTH RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE

Background: Hypertension has become a significant problem in developing countries. The management of hypertension involves long term treatment & life style modification which will have greater impact on HRQoL. This study aims to give patient counseling regarding risk factors, life style modifications, pharmacological therapy & medication adherence in hypertension which in turn improves HRQoL. Aim and objectives: To assess the effect of clinical pharmacist mediated counselling in hypertensive patients on health related quality of life. Specific objectives: To assess the disease related knowledge of hypertensive patients, To assess the medication adherence of hypertensive patients,To design suitable patient information leaflet (PIL) on hypertension and its management use the same to educate the patients,To assess the effect of education on outcome of treatment (blood pressure level) and quality of life of these patients. Methodology: Prospective observational study. The study was conducted in Jayabharath hospital, Nellore. which was conducted for a period of 6 months from June 2019- November-2019.Hypertensive patients, of either sex, above 18 years of age, with or without co-morbidities and Patient willing to give there informed consent to participate in the study are included in our study and the Pregnant hypertensive patients are excluded from the study. Results and Discussion: At baseline there was no significant difference between the blood pressures, QoL score, adherence score, and KAP of the test and control groups. As patient in both group continued to see there physician regularly, both showed in improvement in blood pressure control at final follow up. However improvement in the test group blood pressure was more significant reduction (p<0.05). At final follow up, a significantly (p<0.05) some large number of patients in the test group had achieved better blood pressure control compared to the base line.
Learning Deep ReLU Networks Is Fixed-Parameter Tractable

We consider the problem of learning an unknown ReLU network with respect to Gaussian inputs and obtain the first nontrivial results for networks of depth more than two. We give an algorithm whose running time is a fixed polynomial in the ambient dimension and some (exponentially large) function of only the network's parameters. Our bounds depend on the number of hidden units, depth, spectral norm of the weight matrices, and Lipschitz constant of the overall network (we show that some dependence on the Lipschitz constant is necessary). We also give a bound that is doubly exponential in the size of the network but is independent of spectral norm. These results provably cannot be obtained using gradient-based methods and give the first example of a class of efficiently learnable neural networks that gradient descent will fail to learn. In contrast, prior work for learning networks of depth three or higher requires exponential time in the ambient dimension, even when the above parameters are bounded by a constant. Additionally, all prior work for the depth-two case requires well-conditioned weights and/or positive coefficients to obtain efficient run-times. Our algorithm does not require these assumptions. Our main technical tool is a type of filtered PCA that can be used to iteratively recover an approximate basis for the subspace spanned by the hidden units in the first layer. Our analysis leverages new structural results on lattice polynomials from tropical geometry.
Predicting and mapping neighborhood-scale health outcomes: A machine learning approach

Abstract Estimating health outcomes at a neighborhood scale is important for promoting urban health, yet costly and time-consuming. In this paper, we present a machine-learning-enabled approach to predicting the prevalence of six common non-communicable chronic diseases at the census tract level. We apply our approach to the City of Austin and show that our method can yield fairly accurate predictions. In searching for the best predictive models, we experiment with eight different machine learning algorithms and 60 predictor variables that characterize the social environment, the physical environment, and the aspects and degrees of neighborhood disorder. Our analysis suggests that (a) the sociodemographic and socioeconomic variables are the strongest predictors for tract-level health outcomes and (b) the historical records of 311 service requests can be a useful complementary data source as the information distilled from the 311 data often helps improve the models' performance. The machine learning models yielded from this study can help the public and city officials evaluate future scenarios and understand how changes in the neighborhood conditions can lead to changes in the health outcomes. By analyzing where the most significant discrepancies between the predicted and the actual values are, we will also be ready to identify areas of best practice and areas in need of greater investment or policy intervention.
Demographic benchmarks for equitable coverage of the COVID-19 vaccination program among priority populations

We report the demographic distribution of non-institutionalized populations in the US who are prioritized for COVID-19 vaccination by ethnicity, age and sex and region. The composition of non-institutionalized priority populations was estimated using a nationally representative sample of 25,417 adults interviewed in the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) in 2018. A relatively large fraction of individuals prioritized for the earliest distribution of the vaccine are women, non-Hispanic Black, and young to middle aged adults. Overall, the study provides a platform to track equity in vaccine coverage and to better tailor health communication strategies.
A Coarse-to-Fine Framework for Automated Knee Bone and Cartilage Segmentation Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative.

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that is prevalent in advancing age. The pathology of OA disease is still unclear, and there are no effective interventions that can completely alter the OA disease process. Magnetic resonance (MR) image evaluation is sensitive for depicting early changes of knee OA, and therefore important for early clinical intervention for relieving the symptom. Automated cartilage segmentation based on MR images is a vital step in experimental longitudinal studies to follow-up the patients and prospectively define a new quantitative marker from OA progression. In this paper, we develop a deep learning–based coarse-to-fine approach for automated knee bone, cartilage, and meniscus segmentation with high computational efficiency. The proposed method is evaluated using two-fold cross-validation on 507 MR volumes (81,120 slices) with OA from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI)1 dataset. The mean dice similarity coefficients (DSCs) of femoral bone (FB), tibial bone (TB), femoral cartilage (FC), and tibial cartilage (TC) separately are 99.1%, 98.2%, 90.9%, and 85.8%. The time of segmenting each patient is 12 s, which is fast enough to be used in clinical practice. Our proposed approach may provide an automated toolkit to help computer-aided quantitative analyses of OA images.
Cumulative Fatigue Disbond of Adhesive Joints and its Detection using Thermal wave Imaging

Adhesively bonded structures have found increased acceptance in both military and commercial aircraft. Reliability of these aircraft structures is of paramount importance. This issue is especially important for aging aircraft, which are very often in service beyond their stipulated lifetime. Joints are exposed to various combinations of cumulative mechanical fatigue, thermal fatigue and environmental conditions. In addition, voids inherent in the adhesive joint cause sites of stress concentration and coalesce to form disbonds when the joints are loaded. Simultaneous presence of these disbonds in the same structural element will result in a loss of its load bearing strength. Moisture can also attack the primary bonds between the substrate and the adhesive decreasing the joint’s interfacial strength. Periodic cycling and environmental factors lead to disbond propagation and premature failure of the joints. The effect of cumulative cycling on disbonding and its propagation in adhesive joints is an important subject, which has been the focus of this study.
Electrical Analog Simulation of Plastic Structures

In conjunction with slope-deflection equations, special equations are developed which are able to describe the response of static loading upon plastic indeterminate rectangular frame structures. Based on these equations, electrical analog simulations can be realized. A simple example, including comparisons with other methods, is also given.
Phenolphthalein-Induced Fixed Drug Eruption: A Cutaneous Complication of Laxative Use in a Child

Drug eruptions are a common dermatologic problem faced by pediatricians. Among the most distinctive of these is the fixed drug eruption, a cutaneous inflammatory reaction manifested by solitary or multiple, well-defined, erythematous macules that may become bullous.1,2 Lesions usually occur within a few hours of ingesting the drug, characteristically recur in the same location with each subsequent dose, and leave residual hyperpigmentation. To illustrate the importance and unique features of this unusual reaction, we report the case of a child who experienced a recurrent fixed drug eruption induced by phenolphthalein-containing, nonprescription laxatives. CASE REPORT An 8-year-old African-American girl was brought to the Dermatology Clinic for evaluation of pruritic and occasionally swollen "dark spots" that had been present on her face and arms for months.
Design and Implementation of Zeitline: a Forensic Timeline Editor.

In this paper we describe the design and implementation of Zeitline. Zeitline is a graphical timeline editor that allows a forensic investigator to create a timeline of events that were gathered from different sources, such as host MAC times, system logs, and firewalls. We present some background information, discuss the design of the tool, describe its features, and give an overview of how to improve the existing prototype.
Production of fatal endotoxic shock by vasoactive substances.

Abstract Three vasoactive amines were given intravenously by continuous infusion for 3 to 4 hr into normal rabbits and into rabbits pretreated with intraintestinal kanamycin or made resistant to endotoxin. The untreated rabbits developed a fatal endotoxemia of intestinal origin. The titers of endotoxin in peritoneal fluid and plasma indicate that vasoactive substances do this by allowing endotoxin to move transmurally into the peritoneal cavity. Those rabbits in which the endotoxemia was only transient or prevented altogether did not develop lasting functional or structural damage and survived. Those in which it persisted developed the typical lesions of endotoxic shock in the lung and intestine and died. The persistence of the endotoxemia after stopping the infusion of the vasoactive substances suggests that circulating endotoxin initiates the further release from tissue sources and so creates a self-sustaining process. These data suggest that the endotoxemia which has been identified in various types of shock-producing septic or nonseptic trauma can be initiated by the continuous release of vasoactive substances from the site of trauma. They also demonstrate that these substances do not produce lasting injury in the absence of endotoxin.
Lipoplasty: A case for a low-volume procedure

Abstract Background: During recent years, the maximum volume of wetting solution used in lipoplasty procedures has increased. However, an increase in reported deaths and complications from lipoplasty since the introduction of high-volume techniques have raised questions about the safety of these procedures. Objective: This study evaluated the safety and effectiveness of low-volume lipoplasty performed with the patient under local anesthesia and conscious sedation. Methods: A contour map indicating the volume of fluid infiltrated/fat to be removed from each elevation was drawn on the patient 1 to 2 days before the procedure. Low pressure was used to infiltrate subcutaneous fluid, first to the most superficial fat layer just deep to the skin and then, under higher pressure controlled by the surgeon, to the entire thickness of the fat layer. Fat removal commenced when skin vasoconstriction become evident. The total volume of aspirate removed per site was measured, and the fat content of the aspirate was estimated. Results: In a series of 189 consecutive patients, the total amount of fat removed per procedure ranged from 246 to 4505 mL and averaged 1396 mL. There were no major complications. Conclusions: It is possible to perform lipoplasty effectively on obese patients and/or patients requiring treatment of a large percentage of body surface area while using less than 5 L of subcutaneous infiltration. Low-volume infiltration enables extensive fat removal with potentially less risk and fewer complications than higher-volume infiltration techniques.
Quasi-diabatic basis versus fixed electronic states in molecular systems

We consider the use of quasi-diabatic bases to improve upon the Born-Oppenheimer approximation in molecular systems. In a nonrigorous, but still suggestive, manner, it is shown that, when the quasi-diabatic approximation is a good one, the use of "frozen" electronic states will often be equally good, or nearly so.
The measurement of differential deficit

DISTURBED schizophrenics show a generalized performance deficit. They perform less well than normal subjects on almost any task that requires a voluntary response. Therefore, a lower than normal score on any single task cannot be interpreted as indicating a deficit of special importance in schizophrenia. Recognizing this, most investigators of cognitive deficit in schizophrenia have been concerned with differential deficit, that is, a greater deficit in one ability than in at least one other ability. Differential deficit in ability is measured using two or more tasks. A differential deficit in ability is inferred customarily from a greater performance deficit on one task than on at least one other task. On previous occasions we have pointed out that a differential deficit in performance does not necessarily indicate a differential deficit in ability. 1.2 It may, instead, merely reflect the schizophrenics’ generalized performance deficit coupled with the fact that one of the two tasks measures generalized deficit better than the other. We have pointed out that the higher are the reliability and the variance of a task, the greater will be the difference in mean score between the more competent and the less competent subjects. Since schizophrenics usually perform less well than normal subjects, they will show a greater performance deficit on the one of the two tasks that yields the greater dispersion of scores. We have advocated that to measure differential deficit in ability, one must match tasks on several psychometric characteristics. We explore this problem again now in order to offer what we believe to be a clearer statement of the problem. In addition, we now propose a solution with slightly less cumbersome requirements for adequately matched tests. (We use the term ‘tests’ here in the broad sense to include any task that is used to measure cognitive deficit). The central problem is how to move from statements about differential deficit in performance on specific tests to statements about differential deficit in ability. We will present here some implications of classic mental test theory for the solution of this problem. Some principles of psychometric theory When parallel tests are given on successive occasions, any given subject will usually not earn identical scores on the two testings. He will score differently even when he does not change in his knowledge of the material and shows no practice effects as a result of his taking the earlier tests. These fluctuations in test score are attributable to changes in such variables as the subject’s motivation, fatigue, emotional state, alertness, luck in guessing, and to *Preparation of this article was supported by a research grant (MH-18354) from the National Institute of Mental Health, United States Public Health Service.
THE EFFECT OF HIGH NUTRIENT ADDITION UPON SEASONAL PATTERNS OF MYCORRHIZAL DEVELOPMENT, HOST GROWTH, AND ROOT PHOSPHORUS AND CARBOHYDRATE CONTENT IN FRAXINUS PENNSYLVANICA MARSH

SUMMARY The effects of Glomus macrocarpum and a high rate of nutrient addition upon growth, root carbohydrate and P content, and mycorrhizal development in green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) seedlings were studied over two growing seasons. Mycorrhizal and simitaly growing non-mycorrhizal seedlings had similar seasonal patterns in growth and in root carbohydrate and P content. No clear difference in mycorrhizal development as as result of nutrient treatment occurred until the middle of the second growing season when the percent root infection of seedlings that received low nutrient increased and that of seedlings that received high nutrient decreased. A seasonal cycle with two phases in the interaction of the VA mycorrhiza and host growth, root shoot ratios, root infection, root content of soluble sugars, starch and P, arbuscule and vesicle numbers, and spore population is proposed.
The stability and metabolism of intravenously administered neurotensin in the rat

The clearance and metabolism of synthetic and tritiated (3H) neurotensin (NT) were studied following its intravenous injection in a pharmacologic dose (500 pmol/kg) into anesthesized rats. Immunoreactive NT (iNT), measured in a radioimmunoassay (RIA) with use of a carboxyl-(C)-terminal directed antiserum, displayed an apparent half-life (t 1/2) of 0.55 min, while that measured by an amino-(N)-terminal directed antiserum had a t 1/2 of 5 min. The radiolabel from injected 3H-NT (3H on Tyr3,11) had a t 1/2 of 6.5 min. High-pressure liquid chromatography of extracts of plasma obtained from the circulation 0.5-3 min after injection of NT and 3H-NT showed the presence of NT and the generation mainly of the fragments NT1-8, NT1-11, and NT9-13, as well as free 3H-labeled tyrosine. The apparent half-lives of intravenously injected synthetic NT1-8, NT1-11 and NT1-12 measured with the N-terminal RIA were 9, 5 and 5 min, respectively, while that for NT9-13 was less than 0.5 min. These results indicate that exogenously injected NT is rapidly metabolized to form N-terminal fragments which are cleared more slowly than NT. These findings suggest that use of N-terminal antisera to detect the release of endogenous NT into the circulation is likely to yield measurements of the fragments NT1-8 and NT1-11 which thus far have been found to be biologically inactive.
Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes isolates by Southern blot hybridization.

Abstract A synthetic deoxyribonucleotide probe for virulent Listeria monocytogenes , designated ADO7, was evaluated for its ability to identify restriction fragments of L. monocytogenes with nucleic acid sequences homologous with the β-hemolysin gene by Southern blot hybridization of clinical and food isolates. The synthetic probe hybridized with three restriction fragments (approximately 1.1, 0.86, and 0.76 kb) of the serotype 1/2A isolates. Southern blot hybridization of the serogroup 4B isolates indicated that the nucleic acid sequences homologous with the β-hemolysin gene probe were limited to a single restriction fragment of approximately 1 kb.
Assessing the impact of macroeconomic news on the U.S. forest products industry portfolio across business cycles: 1963–2010

Abstract Macroeconomic news is viewed as the source of systematic risk in financial markets. This study investigated the impact of macroeconomic news on the returns and volatilities of the lumber and paper industry portfolios in the United States over 1963–2010. Using ARMA-EGARCH models, we examined the impact of consumer price index (CPI), industrial production (IP), and unemployment (UNEMP) on daily industry portfolios. Empirical results indicated the existence of volatility clustering and leverage effect in the industry portfolios. The same macroeconomic news had different impacts on the lumber and paper industry portfolios. The lumber industry was more responsive to the IP and UNEMP news, whereas the paper industry was more responsive to the CPI news. The impact of macroeconomic news on industry portfolio returns and volatilities varied across business cycles. Negative shocks had greater impact on portfolio volatilities in recessions than in expansions.
Characterization of an immobilized biocatalyst system for production of thermostable amylase

An immobilized biocatalyst system for enzyme production using a thermophilic organism is described. Bacillus stearothermophilus (ATCC 29609) immobilized on Rohm and Haas IRA–938 ion exchange resin was utilized for the production of a highly thermostable α-amylase in a bench scale airlift fermentor. The equilibrium between suspended bacterial cells and the resin fit a Langmuir-type sorption isotherm. Cell and α-amylase productivity data for free cell and immobilized cell continuous culture were compared as functions of the dilution rate. Cell growth rates for free and immobilized cells were consistent with the Monod kinetic model, α-Amylase production for free cells was described by an unstructured model associated with cell growth. The immobilized cell systems gave higher α-amylase productivity than the free cell system but did not achieve the productivities predicted by the unstructured kinetic model.
Observation and explanation of the reversible pressure-induced amorphization of Ca(NO3)2/NaNO3.

X-ray and Raman measurements show that crystalline Ca(${\mathrm{NO}}_{3}$${)}_{2}$/${\mathrm{NaNO}}_{3}$ becomes amorphous above a pressure of 9.4 GPa. Upon release of the pressure, the crystalline state returns. We report reversible pressure-induced amorphization for a substance that can be prepared as a melt-quenched glass at ambient pressure. We suggest a mechanism for the amorphization based on the formation of a noncrystallographic packing of polytetrahedral units. A consideration of several pressure-induced amorphizations indicates that polytetrahedral amorphization mechanisms are appropriate for nondirectionally bonded materials, but are not appropriate for solids where covalent and hydrogen bonding predominates. Polytetrahedral ordering provides a link between amorphous states formed by compression and those formed by more conventional methods at ambient pressure (e.g., melt quenching).
Direct Observation of a Hydrogen Atom Adduct to C-5 in Uracil. A Neutralization-Reionization Mass Spectrometric and ab Initio Study

The elusive hydrogen atom adduct to the C-5 position in uracil was generated specifically in the gas phase, and its unimolecular dissociations were elucidated by neutralization−reionization mass sp...
Pregnancy, Pica, Pottery, and Pb (Lead)

A case of occult lead poisoning during pregnancy resultant from ingestion of shards of Mexican pottery is presented. Pica, although not un- common in certain cuitures, may not be readily admitted to by patients. This poisoning resulted from the practice of pica in the face of iron deficiency iind pregnancy in a young Mexican-American mother. Intentional ingestion of fired, lead-glazed pottery has not been heretofore described as a manifestation of pica or cause of lead poisoning. However, this practice must be considered, especially in Hispanic mothers. Key Words: Pregnancy-Lead-Pica.
Segmental proximal humerus fractures: a case report of submuscular plating.

Segmental Proximal Humerus Fractures: A Case Report of Submuscular Plating Bruce Levy;Diego Herrera;David Templeman;Peter Cole; The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care
Influence of Ambient Salinity on Osmoregulation and Cortisol Concentration in Yearling Coho Salmon during Stress

Abstract Yearling coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch acclimated to fresh water or seawater were subjected to severe chronic confinement stress in fresh water, seawater, or a medium (one-third-strength seawater) that was approximately isosmotic to the fish's blood. Plasma osmolarity, Na, K, Ca, Mg, and cortisol and blood hematocrit were measured in fish sampled at 1, 7, 24, and 48 hours after stress began. Plasma osmolarity and electrolyte concentrations increased during stress in seawater, but generally decreased during stress in fresh water. Osmotic imbalance did not occur in fish that were stressed in one-third seawater. Hematocrit increased in fish stressed in fresh water and decreased in fish stressed in seawater. Fish acclimated to fresh water tended to regain osmotic balance within 48 hours when stressed in fresh water, but in seawater they died. Fish acclimated to seawater tended to regain osmotic balance within 48 hours when stressed in seawater, but in fresh water a compensatory trend was not evide...
Alzheimer’s Disease: Soluble Oligomeric Aβ(1–40) Peptide in Membrane Mimic Environment from Solution NMR and Circular Dichroism Studies

Amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) is a small peptide present in normal cells and aggregated Aβ is the main constituent of the extracellular amyloid plaques found in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brain. Recent studies suggest that soluble Aβ oligomers are neurotoxic rather than amyloid fibrils found in amyloid plaques. This study using multidimensional NMR spectroscopy and circular dichroism (CD) provides the first direct evidence that alterations in membrane structure can trigger the conversion of soluble α-helical monomeric Aβ into oligomeric Aβ in a β-sheet conformation.
How much can one break chiral symmetry in the linear sigma model

We show that the hedgehog soliton solution describing the nucleon in theSU(3) ×SU(3) linear sigma model breaks down when the pion mass becomes too large.
Host membrane lipid synthesis is not required for successful phage T4 infection

Abstract Phage T4 infection of Escherichia coli during the absence of membrane lipid synthesis was examined. Under these conditions the phage completed a productive lytic cycle. These results indicate that host de novo lipid synthesis is not a co-requisite for successful phage infection.
Comparative anatomy and evolutionary history of suction feeding in cetaceans

Some odontocetes possess unique features of the hyolingual apparatus that are involved in suction feeding. The hyoid bone and associated musculature generates rapid, piston-like retraction, and depression of the hyoid and tongue. “Capture” suction feeders (e.g., Globicephala) use suction for capturing and swallowing prey. “Combination” feeders (i.e., Lagenorhynchus) use both raptorial feeding (to capture prey) and suction (to ingest prey). In “capture” suction feeders, features of the hyoid and skull have been attributed to creating suction (i.e., large surface area and mandibular bluntness). In addition to odontocetes, a mysticete, the gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus), is considered a benthic suction feeder. However, anatomical studies of purported suction-feeding structures of the gray whale are lacking. In addition, few studies have utilized evolutionary approaches to understand the history of suction feeding in cetaceans. This study incorporates quantitative and qualitative hyoid and cranial data from 35 extant and 14 extinct cetacean species into a multivariate principal component analysis and comparative phylogenetic analyses. Conclusions from these analyses are that some commonly attributed features (i.e., ventral throat grooves and mandibular bluntness) and one principal component are significantly correlated with suction feeding. Finally, ancestral state reconstructions indicate that suction feeding likely evolved once, early in cetacean evolutionary history.
Interactive Material Design Using Model Reduction

We demonstrate an interactive method to create heterogeneous continuous deformable materials on complex three-dimensional meshes. The user specifies displacements and internal elastic forces at a chosen set of mesh vertices. Our system then rapidly solves an optimization problem to compute a corresponding heterogeneous spatial distribution of material properties using the Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis. We apply our method to linear and nonlinear isotropic deformable materials. We demonstrate that solving the problem interactively in the full-dimensional space of individual tetrahedron material values is not practical. Instead, we propose a new model reduction method that projects the material space to a low-dimensional space of material modes. Our model reduction accelerates optimization by two orders of magnitude and makes the convergence much more robust, making it possible to interactively design material distributions on complex meshes. We apply our method to precise control of contact forces and control of pressure over large contact areas between rigid and deformable objects for ergonomics. Our tetrahedron-based dithering method can efficiently convert continuous material distributions into discrete ones and we demonstrate its precision via FEM simulation. We physically display our distributions using haptics, as well as demonstrate how haptics can aid in the material design. The produced heterogeneous material distributions can also be used in computer animation applications.