cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Disciplinary Conquests: U.S. Scholars in South America, 1900–1945 by Ricardo D. Salvatore

Salvatore, Ricardo D. Disciplinary Conquests: U.S. Scholars in South America, 1900-1945. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2016. Ricardo D. Salvatore, plenary professor at Universidad Torcuato Di Telia in Buenos Aires, has written and edited many books about Latin American history. His monograph Wandering Paysanos: State Order and Subaltern Experience in Buenos Aires during the Rosas Era offers an excellent exploration of the lower classes during the dictatorship of Juan Manuel de Rosas. In addition, he edited Crime and Punishment in Latin America: Law and Society Since Late Colonial Times, with Gilbert M. Joseph and Carlos Aguirre, and Close Encounters of Empire: Writing the Cultural History of U.S.-Latin American Relations, with Gilbert M. Joseph and Catherine C. LeGrand. In other words, he is an expert on the history of Latin America, particularly the relationship between South America and the United States. In Disciplinary Conquests: U.S. Scholars in South America, 1900-1945, Salvatore argues that the United States "rediscovered" South America during the first half of the twentieth century. This tome analyzes five scholars--archaeologist Hiram Bingham, historian Clarence H. Haring, political scientist Leo S. Rowe, geographer Isaiah Bowman, and sociologist Edward A. Ross--to explore "disciplinary conquests" [how scholars engaged with distinct elements of South America]. "In a region free from direct US military and political intervention," he asserts, "information gathering and knowledge production constituted cumulative acts of possession, through which the United States apprehended, systematized, and rendered legible the realities of South America" (1-2). Disciplinary Conquests explores elements of each scholar's career. Bingham won laurels for "rediscovering" the city of Machu Pichu. His subsequent Yale Peruvian Expedition was an impressive scientific endeavor, but also "an enterprise of conquest, a moment when business and scholarship united in the construction of the US informal empire" (77). From his perch at Harvard, Haring, "developed the idea of a comprehensive and parallel history of the hemisphere" (107). He also helped develop the sub-discipline of Hispanic American history. As a colonial administrator in Puerto Rico, political scientist Rowe developed the principle of "education in self-rule" for the Caribbean. On the other hand, after spending time among South American academics, he argued "intellectual cooperation" should be the foundation of the relationship between the United States and South America (136). Bowman, a pioneer geographer, argued that geography could help the United States assume greater responsibility in managing world affairs. Ross, one of the first transnationally informed sociologists, "contributed to the enterprise of rendering South America visible to U.S. Americans" (189). The point about rendering South America visible illuminates an important theme. …
Abstract P117: Frailty and Outcomes among Heart Failure Patients in the Community

Objective: To determine among community heart failure (HF) patients whether frailty is associated with an increased risk of hospitalization, emergency department (ED) visits and death, independently of comorbidities. Background: Frailty is associated with adverse outcomes in some populations; however the prognostic value of frailty among HF patients is not fully documented, particularly for healthcare utilization. Methods: Olmsted, Dodge and Fillmore County residents with HF between 10/2007 and 12/2010 were prospectively recruited to undergo frailty assessment. Frailty was defined as 3 or more of the following: unintentional weight loss >10 lbs. in 1 year, physical exhaustion, weak grip strength, and slowness and low activity measured by the SF-12 physical component score. Intermediate frailty was defined as having 1-2 components. To account for repeated events, Anderson-Gill modeling was used to determine if frailty predicted hospitalization or ED visits. Cox proportional hazards regression examined associations between frailty and death. Results: Among 409 patients (mean age 73±13, 58% male), 19% were frail and 55% had intermediate frailty. Within one year, 449 hospitalizations, 523 ED visits and 34 deaths occurred. There was a positive graded association between frailty and hospitalization and ED visits (Table). After adjustment for age, sex, ejection fraction and comorbidity, frailty was associated with an 80% increased risk of hospitalization and a 60% increased risk of ED visits. Frailty was also associated with more than a 2-fold increased risk of death after adjustment. Conclusion: In the community, frailty is prevalent and is a strong and independent predictor of hospitalizations, ED visits and death among HF patients. As it is independent from coexisting comorbidities, frailty defines new avenues for intervention and should be formally assessed clinically.
Writing Beyond the Border: Max Frisch, Dialect and Place in Swiss-German Literature

This chapter examines some key works by Max Frisch in particular, and Swiss-German literature in general, and the problem of the representation of place incurred by an a priori self-translation from local dialect to the more standardised High German. I argue that the necessity to write beyond the border (in Frisch’s words) is an act of self-translation not only to be understood as a linguistic transference that occurs in the original act of writing, but also as an actual deterritorialisation that complicates the appearance of a national or local space in literature. Using Emily Apter’s concept of the “internalised checkpoint” I uncover the power dynamics at play that better explain a tendency towards silence in these works: omission of place names and a hesitancy to betray a point of origin with the inclusion of accent and dialect. This is a result of the demands made for intelligibility by the larger German-speaking cultural area, as well as traditional publishing mechanisms. As this chapter shows, the force of these demands vary and should be understood within the context of the historical and political position that the author holds vis-a-vis the larger German-speaking region. What I ultimately find is that the changing porosity of national borders and the shifting political and cultural relations between nations are reflected in the degree of possibility for the inclusion of place and dialect in these works. This gives a better understanding of what non-traditional forms of publishing might allow for in terms of the representation of place and local languages.
Access to Decent and Meaningful Work in a Sexual Minority Population

People who identify as sexual minorities consistently face barriers to decent and meaningful employment, especially when coupled with additional constraints such as low socioeconomic status or marg...
Measurement of anisotropic thermal conductivity and inter-layer thermal contact resistance in polymer fused deposition modeling (FDM)

Abstract Additive manufacturing, or 3D printing, is an exciting manufacturing technique based on layer-by-layer build-up as opposed to the subtractive approach in most traditional machining processes. Specifically, in polymer-based additive manufacturing processes, filaments of a polymer are dispensed from a rastering extruder to define each layer. Due to the directional nature of this process, it is of interest to determine whether thermal transport properties of the built part are direction dependent. Such an understanding is critical for accurate design of components that serve a thermal function. This paper reports measurement of thermal conductivity of additively manufactured polymer samples in the filament rastering direction and in the build direction. Samples are designed and built in order to force heat flow only in one direction during thermal property measurement. Experimental data indicate significant anisotropy in thermal conductivity, with the value in the build direction being much lower than in the raster direction. Both thermal conductivities are found to depend strongly on the air gap between adjacent filaments. A theoretical thermal conduction model is found to be in good agreement with experimental data. These measurements are also used to determine the inter-layer thermal contact resistance, which is found to be a non-monotonic function of the air gap. Cross section images of samples confirm the strong effect of the gap on the microstructure, and hence on thermal properties. Results from this paper provide a key insight into the anisotropic nature of thermal conduction in additively manufactured components, and establish the presence of significant inter-layer thermal contact resistance. These results may be helpful in the fundamental understanding of heat transfer in 3D-printed components, as well as in accurate design and fabrication of heat transfer components through 3D printing.
Encoding tissue mechanics in silicone

By controlling polymer-network architecture, we outline a roadmap for the creation of tissue-like materials to extend the performance of soft robots to harsh environments.
Experimental breast cancer treatments and health insurance coverage.

Physicians should prescribe the best course of treatment for their cancer patients, even if the proposed treatment falls within the experimental treatment clauses in health insurance coverage. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Heat Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Turkey Meat as Affected by Sodium Chloride, Sodium Lactate, Polyphosphate, and Fat Content†

The purpose of this research was to determine the survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 when heated in ground turkey containing various additives and fat levels. D values and z values were determined for low (3%)- and high (11 %)- fat ground turkey with or without one of three additives: 8% NaCl, 4% sodium lactate, or a mixture of 8% NaCl, 4% sodium lactate, and 0.5% polyphosphate. Products inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 strain 204P were mixed, aseptically placed into thermal-death-time (TDT) tubes which were sealed and heated at 52, 55, 57 and 60°C. Survival was determined by enumeration on phenol red sorbitol agar, and D values were calculated by two methods. Mean D52 values ranged from 46.8 to 104.8 min; mean D55 values ranged from 7.7 to 27.2 min; mean D57 values ranged from 2.7 to 13.0 min; and mean D60 values ranged from 0.7 to 4.8 min. The greatest survival, as evidenced by higher (P < 0.001) D values, occurred in turkey containing the mixture of additives. The z values ranged from 6.09 to 4.08°C, ...
The Great American Pantheist

A Passion for Nature . The Life of John Muir. By Donald Worster . Oxford University Press, New York, 2008. 543 pp. $34.95, £18.99. ISBN 9780195166828. Drawing on Muir9s private correspondence, Worster offers a detailed, scholarly account of his subject9s experiences, friendships, and foundational role in the American conservationist movement.
Continuing On-Premise or Adopt On-Demand? An Empirical Study of ERP Adoption in SMEs

Vendors are now expanding into the small to mid-size organizational markets with simplified, less-risk, less-reward systems However, SMEs, who adopted ERP on-premise solutions before, are now facing a dilemma: continuing with ERP on-premise upgrades or switch to on-demand solutions. This study surveyed Chief Information Officers of SMEs with respect to indicators of ERP adoptions. Cost, reduced demand for own IT resources, outage/accessibility and performance were found to be the most critical and important factors to assess ERP adoptions for SMEs.
Physiology of crapemyrtle bark scale, Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae (Kuwana), associated with seasonally altered cold tolerance.

Abstract Temperature is one of the most important abiotic factors influencing the adaptation and diversification of insects. Diverse and complex physiological mechanisms have evolved to help insects adapt to seasonal changes in temperature and prevent cold injury. Although the mechanisms of seasonal adaptation to low temperatures have been studied for insects in different taxa, none of these mechanisms have been investigated in scale insects in the superfamily Coccoidea. The crapemyrtle bark scale, Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae (Kuwana) (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae), is a newly introduced scale pest of crapemyrtles, Lagerstroemia spp. (Myrtales: Lythraceae). Our previous study concerning the cold tolerance of this pest suggested that, from summer to winter, A. lagerstroemiae seasonally adapted to lower temperature with a 5 °C reduction of supercooling points. In addition, time required to achieve the same levels of mortality at lower temperatures also increased. In this study, we used A. lagerstroemiae as a model system to investigate the physiological mechanisms correlated with changes in cold tolerance in scale insects, by measuring water content, lipid content and fatty acid composition, and cryoprotective polyols and sugars every other month. Results suggested that water content was lower in winter and early spring than in summer and early fall (40.8% vs. 63.3%). The proportions of the fatty acids in PL were similar over seasons, but in TAG, shorter chain fatty acids (from C6:0 to C10:0) increased in winter as longer chain fatty acids (from C14:0 to C18:0) decreased. Among all measured polyols and sugars, including glycerol, d -mannitol, myo-inositol, and d -trehalose, the levels of d -mannitol were the highest in January 2016, which were 19-times of those in March 2016 and 4.5-times of those in September 2016. Results from this study provide a better understanding on how A. lagerstroemiae overwinters, which may give insights into the overwintering strategies of other scale insects.
The Professoriate and the Post-Truth Era: A Historiographic Analysis of Expert Judgment and the Destabilization of Objective Truth.

This paper explores the role that distrust of expert judgment plays in conservative critiques of higher education. We propose that academics should abandon the insistence on truth as the standard for the evaluation of research quality. Doing so would separate conservative critiques of higher education from broader concerns over expert judgment via the substitution of judgement criteria more readily accessible to laypeople. Based on evidence about how expert judgment actually functions, we propose utility as a standard accessible to all. We show this by describing a historiographic model of expert judgment within the research university. We close with a call for scholars to acknowledge the conflation of facts and values in their work—that is, its post-truth nature.
Abstract B07: Characterization of branched-chain aminotransferase 1 as a novel therapeutic target for small cell lung cancer

Few studies have explored tumor metabolism to target small cell lung cancer (SCLC), for which treatment options are limited and eventually fail with resistance. The objective of this study is to identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets among molecular changes specific to the cancer cells relative to precancerous precursor cells. In our previous study, comparative profiling of precancerous cells with SCLC cells revealed branched-chain aminotransferase1 (Bcat1) as one of the most upregulated genes in the cancer cells relative to their precursors as well as normal lung. Based on this result, we hypothesize that the elevated Bcat1 plays a role in promoting SCLC. Here, we confirmed elevated Bcat1 protein expression in mouse SCLC cells relative to precancerous cells and in human SCLC lines. Targeting Bcat1 in mouse and human SCLC cells with shRNA or small-molecule inhibitors significantly reduced colony expansion in soft agar and formation of subcutaneous tumors in athymic nude mice. Inhibition of Bcat1 also reduced protein synthesis rate as measured by puromycin incorporation into protein. Additionally, we found Bcat1 plays a significant role in leucine catabolism in mouse SCLC using a coupled enzymatic assay. Taken together, these novel findings suggest that elevated Bcat1 promotes SCLC growth by supporting protein synthesis, which is necessary for proliferating cells. Given the proven safety profile of existing inhibitors of Bcat1, our findings are significant in supporting the concept of targeting Bcat1 as a novel and particularly valuable therapeutic strategy for SCLC. Citation Format: Napoleon B. Butler, Keebeom Kim, Dong-wook Kim, Kwon Park. Characterization of branched-chain aminotransferase 1 as a novel therapeutic target for small cell lung cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fifth AACR-IASLC International Joint Conference: Lung Cancer Translational Science from the Bench to the Clinic; Jan 8-11, 2018; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2018;24(17_Suppl):Abstract nr B07.
Insights into DNA polymerase δ’s mechanism for accurate DNA replication

Our study examines the mechanisms by which DNA polymerase (pol) δ faithfully replicates DNA. To better understand this process, we have performed all-atom molecular dynamics simulations of several DNA pol δ systems to identify conformational changes occurring prior to chemistry and investigate mechanisms by which mutations in the fingers domain (R696W and A699Q) lower fidelity. Our results indicate that, without the incoming nucleotide, a distinct open conformation occurs defined by a rotation in the fingers. The closed form, adopted when the correct nucleotide is bound, appears best organized for chemistry when three magnesium ions coordinate protein and DNA residues in the active site. Removing an unusual third metal ion from the polymerase active site causes shifting in the fingers and thumb as well as stimulating specific exonuclease β-hairpin-DNA interactions that fray the primer terminus base pair. These changes suggest that dissociation of the third divalent ion (metal ion 'C') signals a transfer of the DNA primer from the polymerase to the exonuclease active site and implies a role for the β-hairpin in DNA switching. Analysis of β-hairpin movement in several systems reveals a dependence on active-site changes and suggests how Lys444 and Tyr446 present in the β-hairpin can affect proofreading. Analysis of A699Q and R696W pol δ mutant systems reveal marked differences in the open-to-closed transition as well as β-hairpin repositioning that explain reduced nucleotide selectivity and higher error rates.
The PGC-1/ERR network and its role in precision oncology

Transcriptional regulators include a superfamily of nuclear proteins referred to as co-activators and co-repressors, both of which are involved in controlling the functions of several nuclear receptors (NRs). The Nuclear Receptor Signaling Atlas (NURSA) has cataloged the composition of NRs, co-regulators, and ligands present in the human cell and their effort has been identified in more than 600 potential molecules. Given the importance of co-regulators in steroid, retinoid, and thyroid hormone signaling networks, hypothesizing that NRs/co-regulators are implicated in a wide range of pathologies are tempting. The co-activators known as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1 (PGC-1) and their key nuclear partner, the estrogen-related receptor (ERR), are emerging as pivotal transcriptional signatures that regulate an extremely broad repertoire of mitochondrial and metabolic genes, making them very attractive drug targets for cancer. Several studies have provided an increased understanding of the functional and structural biology of nuclear complexes. However, more comprehensive work is needed to create different avenues to explore the therapeutic potential of NRs/co-activators in precision oncology. Here, we discuss the emerging data associated with the structure, function, and molecular biology of the PGC-1/ERR network and address how the concepts evolving from these studies have deepened our understanding of how to develop more effective treatment strategies. We present an overview that underscores new biological insights into PGC-1/ERR to improve cancer outcomes against therapeutic resistance. Finally, we discuss the importance of exploiting new technologies such as single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to develop a high-resolution biological structure of PGC-1/ERR, focusing on novel drug discovery for precision oncology.
Radical resection of a giant rib osteosarcoma with complex chest wall reconstruction.

Abstract Introduction Primary rib osteosarcoma is a rare chest wall tumor with variable presentation. Large tumors greater than 10 cm are even rarer and present a challenge for surgical management. Presentation of case A 61-year-old male with a giant osteosarcoma of the left 2nd rib underwent multidisciplinary management including induction therapy with doxorubicin and cisplatin, followed by en bloc resection with left ribs 1–5, spinous processes of ribs 2–5, small volume lung resection, and chest wall reconstruction with polypropylene mesh and poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA or bone cement). There were no perioperative complications. At 6 months follow-up, the patient remains disease-free. Functional and cosmetic outcome are excellent. Discussion This 20 cm mass and resection of ribs 1–5 with resulting 25 cm chest wall defect is the largest primary rib osteosarcoma reported in literature. An R0 resection and chest wall reconstruction using polypropylene mesh and bone cement was feasible and safe. Conclusion Giant chest wall defects involving multi-rib resection can be effectively reconstructed with commonly available and inexpensive polypropylene mesh and PMMA to achieve good cosmetic and functional outcomes.
Cachexia and Sarcopenia in Older Adults with Cancer: A Comprehensive Review

Cancer cachexia is a syndrome characterized by weight loss with accompanying loss of muscle and/or fat mass and leads to impaired patient function and physical performance and is associated with a poor prognosis. It is prevalent in older adults with cancer; age-associated physiologic muscle wasting and weakness, also known as sarcopenia, can compound deficits associated with cancer cachexia in older adults and makes studying this condition more complex in this population. Multiple measurement options are available to assess the older patient with cancer and cachexia and/or sarcopenia including anthropometric measures, imaging modalities such as Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and Computed Tomography (CT), muscular strength and physical performance testing, and patient-reported outcomes (PROs). A geriatric assessment (GA) is a useful tool when studying the older patient with cachexia given its comprehensive ability to capture aging-sensitive PROs. Interventions focused on nutrition and increasing physical activity may improve outcomes in older adults with cachexia. Efforts to develop targeted pharmacologic therapies with cachexia have not been successful thus far. Formal treatment guidelines, an updated consensus definition for cancer cachexia and the development of a widely adapted assessment tool, much like the GA utilized in geriatric oncology, could help advance the field of cancer cachexia over the next decade.
The Metabolome of Associations between Xylem-Feeding Insects and their Bacterial Symbionts

Metabolomics has increasingly led to important insights in chemical ecology by identifying environmentally relevant small molecules that mediate inter-organismal interactions. Nevertheless, the application of metabolomics to investigate interactions between phytophagous insects and their microbial symbionts remains underutilized. Here, we investigated the metabolomes of the bacteriomes (organs bearing symbiotic bacteria) isolated from natural populations of five species of xylem-feeding insects. We identified three patterns. First, the metabolomes varied among the five species, likely influenced by insect phylogeny, food plant and taxonomic identity of the symbionts. Second, the ratio of glutamine: glutamate in the bacteriomes was 0.7-3.6 to 1, indicative of nitrogen-sufficient metabolism and raising the possibility that the insect sustains nitrogen-enriched status of the bacteriomes despite the nitrogen scarcity of the xylem diet. Finally, bacteriomes from insect species bearing genetically-similar symbionts displayed limited variation in their metabolomes, suggesting that the metabolic pattern of the bacteriome metabolic pools is correlated with the genetic repertoire of the symbionts. Altogether, these metabolomic patterns yield specific hypotheses of underlying processes that are testable by wider sampling of natural populations and experimental study.
The impact of access to addiction specialist on attitudes, beliefs and hospital-based opioid use disorder related care: A survey of hospitalist physicians.

Background: Hospitalizations for complications related to opioid use disorder (OUD) are increasing. Hospitalists care for most hospitalized patients in the United States, yet little is known about ...
Physical Examination of the Ankle: A Review of the Original Orthopedic Special Test Description and Scientific Validity of Common Tests for Ankle Examination.

Abstract Objectives To review the literature, identify and describe commonly used special tests for diagnosing injury to the ligaments of the ankle complex, present the distinguishing characteristics and limitations of each test, and discuss the current evidence for the clinical use of each test. Data Sources Multiple PubMed (1920-2018) and CINAHL (1920-2018) searches were conducted and various musculoskeletal examination textbooks were reviewed to examine common orthopedic tests used to assess the ankle. The articles were reviewed for additional references and the search continued until the original description was found when possible. Study Selection All articles discussing the performance of the test or its validity (ie, sensitivity and specificity) were reviewed and summarized. Data Extraction Articles were reviewed for additional references and the search continued until the original description was found when possible. Data Synthesis The literature was reviewed, commonly used special tests for diagnosing ankle injuries were identified and described, distinguishing characteristics and limitations of each test were presented, and the current evidence for the clinical use of each test was discussed. Conclusions A complete physical examination is critical in the diagnosis of ankle injuries. The combination of available information such as mechanism of injury, all signs and symptoms, and changes in gait, is key to a conclusive and correct diagnosis. Clinicians should be aware of the severely limited evidence supporting the use of many commonly used special tests. Applying evidence from the literature will improve diagnostic accuracy. Further research is needed to understand the performance ability of special tests, both individually and when grouped as part of a test battery.
Correction to: Exposure to catastrophe risk and use of reinsurance: an empirical evaluation for the U.S.

The authors would like to add the following Federal Reserve Bank disclosure and acknowledgement to their article: The opinions expressed here do not represent official positions of the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago or the Federal Reserve System. We would like to thank Daniel Bauer, Daniel Hartley, Thomas King, Tyler Leverty, Andy Polacek and the participants in the Western Economic Association International 2016 annual conference for their comments.
Stem Cell Therapy for Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury.

There has been a growing interest in the potential of stem cell transplantation as therapy for pediatric brain injuries. Studies in pre-clinical models of pediatric brain injury such as Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) and neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) have contributed to our understanding of the roles of endogenous stem cells in repair processes and functional recovery following brain injury, and the effects of exogenous stem cell transplantation on recovery from brain injury. Although only a handful of studies have evaluated these effects in models of pediatric TBI, many studies have evaluated stem cell transplantation therapy in models of neonatal HI which has a considerable overlap of injury pathology with pediatric TBI. In this review, we have summarized data on the effects of stem cell treatments on histopathological and functional outcomes in models of pediatric brain injury. Importantly, we have outlined evidence supporting the potential for stem cell transplantation to mitigate pathology of pediatric TBI including neuroinflammation and white matter injury, and challenges that will need to be addressed to incorporate these therapies to improve functional outcomes following pediatric TBI.
Evaluation of Bleeding Risk Prior to Pediatric Invasive Procedures

Assessment of perioperative bleeding risk in pediatric patients presents unique challenges. Many pediatric patients have not had a prior surgery or hemostatic challenge that could help predict their risk for intraoperative hemorrhage. Nonetheless, routine coagulation assessment is not recommended for most healthy children undergoing minor or intermediate procedures. Minor and moderate risk procedures may not require screening unless there is a concerning patient or family history of bleeding. The decision to perform preoperative testing should be made in light of the patient’s personal history, family history, and type of procedure to be performed. A careful bleeding history should be obtained for each surgical patient to help the team evaluate the need for further testing. Many bleeding assessment tools are available to practitioners to aid in screening patients for bleeding risk. Procedures associated with increased bleeding, major surgeries, or those performed on sites where excess bleeding can cause irreparable damage (neurosurgery, spinal procedures, large orthopedic procedures, craniosynostosis surgery, etc.) should be considered for preoperative screening. If the patient’s history or procedure dictates, screening tests including the prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, platelet function testing, and/or platelet count may need to be performed. When abnormalities are identified, these require further investigation. Despite careful assessment, excessive bleeding during invasive procedures may still occur.
An examination of salesperson bricolage during a critical sales disruption: Selling during the Covid-19 pandemic

Abstract COVID-19 has proven to be a disruptive and world-altering event often forcing professional salespeople to rapidly change the manner in which they do business. Thereby, this pandemic illuminates the importance of understanding salesperson characteristics and behaviors that enable sales success in disruptive environments. This study identifies COVID-19 as a Critical Sales Event and introduces the concept of “bricolage” to the larger body of sales literature. Bricolage is a combination of “making do” under environmental conditions of resource constraint. Bricolage characterizes a salesperson's ability to utilize available resources effectively by assessing available resources and working to reconfigure them in order to meet new challenges and create opportunities. Drawing on qualitative and quantitative research from professional salespeople, this study identifies a salesperson's creativity, learning-orientation, and grit as three important antecedents to salesperson bricolage. Moreover, this study shows that salesperson bricolage relates positively to sales performance under conditions shaped by the COVID-19 disruption; with salesperson bricolage becoming more strongly related to sales performance when sales environments are more highly disrupted by the pandemic.
Extracting Interpretable EEG Features from a Deep Learning Model to Assess the Quality of Human-Robot Co-manipulation

There is an increasing interest in adapting the deep learning models into neuroimaging techniques such as electroencephalogram (EEG). However, one of the fundamental problems in deep learning models is the interpretability of the learned representations. Even though many interpretability models exist for computer vision applications, adapting those methods for deep learning using EEG is still a challenge. In this regard, we propose a novel computational approach to increase the interpretability of results from deep learning algorithm using two popular saliency detection algorithms: integrated gradients and ablation attribution method. The method provides the importance of values across different EEG frequency bands (Theta, Alpha, Beta, Gamma) and across different electrode locations. We can use these importance values to recognize which electrode and frequency bands are relevant for a particular classification problem. We demonstrate the proposed method's efficacy in a physical human-robot co-manipulation experiment where a convolution neural network (CNN) model is trained to classify the user's mental workload using raw EEG recordings. The experiment is predominantly visuospatial and motor control-oriented. The proposed method found the Gamma and Beta frequency band across parietal and occipital regions to be important, which are indeed associated with visuospatial processing and sensory integration.
Clarice Lispector: la cotidiana locura del placer

Clarice Lispector goes deeply into the femenine language, until reaching the experience of her own: herself. Thus, all kinds of desires awaken, and so it opens up the possibility of touching the living world and the most living part of all kind of beings. This possibility brings horror and, at the same time, "clandestine happiness". It is about a clandestine happiness because it is forbidden by the masculine sphere -the one that regulates the daily order-. It is forbidden because the mentioned desires break the order of the working world. However, it is to this transgression to which Lispector's characters go. Therefore, language escapes from logic, too, and so it opens up a new comprehension of the world. This is a comprehension that departs from violence, but at the end it truly means love and devotion.
Novel Effects of Neuroactive Steroids in the Central Nervous System

Publisher Summary This chapter describes neuroactive steroids as hormones that produce rapid actions on neuronal substrates in the central nervous system (CNS), in contrast to their well-established function as substances that act on intracellular and nuclear receptors to produce genomic actions on cellular function, and well-established behaviors such as lordosis. They include classes of hormones that act on ligand-gated channels to enhance or depress neuronal responses to applied transmitters, as well as steroids that alter transmitter release. Included are diverse actions at voltage-gated channels, as well as more sustained effects on developmental and regenerative events in neuronal circuits. In many cases, such hormones are produced by endocrine sources across naturally occurring hormonal rhythms, or in response to stress or olfactory cues. Because steroids are naturally lipophilic molecules that are bound to carrier proteins in the circulation, in most cases, they easily pass the blood-brain barrier, where they gain access to neuronal and glial populations.
Sustainability of evidence-based healthcare: research agenda, methodological advances, and infrastructure support

Little is known about how well or under what conditions health innovations are sustained and their gains maintained once they are put into practice. Implementation science typically focuses on uptake by early adopters of one healthcare innovation at a time. The later-stage challenges of scaling up and sustaining evidence-supported interventions receive too little attention. This project identifies the challenges associated with sustainability research and generates recommendations for accelerating and strengthening this work. A multi-method, multi-stage approach, was used: (1) identifying and recruiting experts in sustainability as participants, (2) conducting research on sustainability using concept mapping, (3) action planning during an intensive working conference of sustainability experts to expand the concept mapping quantitative results, and (4) consolidating results into a set of recommendations for research, methodological advances, and infrastructure building to advance understanding of sustainability. Participants comprised researchers, funders, and leaders in health, mental health, and public health with shared interest in the sustainability of evidence-based health care. Prompted to identify important issues for sustainability research, participants generated 91 distinct statements, for which a concept mapping process produced 11 conceptually distinct clusters. During the conference, participants built upon the concept mapping clusters to generate recommendations for sustainability research. The recommendations fell into three domains: (1) pursue high priority research questions as a unified agenda on sustainability; (2) advance methods for sustainability research; (3) advance infrastructure to support sustainability research. Implementation science needs to pursue later-stage translation research questions required for population impact. Priorities include conceptual consistency and operational clarity for measuring sustainability, developing evidence about the value of sustaining interventions over time, identifying correlates of sustainability along with strategies for sustaining evidence-supported interventions, advancing the theoretical base and research designs for sustainability research, and advancing the workforce capacity, research culture, and funding mechanisms for this important work.
Modeling circuit performance functions by a combination of physical models and black-box approximation

Two novel modeling architectures are proposed for combining physically based analytical circuit performance function models with 'black-box' approximations. The black-box model part provides only the error correction to the 'physical part,' while the physical model part provides the physical insight normally lacking in black-box models. Model Structure I is an extension to the Composite MFQI/GMDH architecture. It generates complex but very accurate models. Model Structure II generates simpler ('parsimonious') models with more physical 'explaining power.' Circuit designers can choose between the two structures. Physical models of insufficient accuracy can be automatically eliminated, if so desired. >
The life cycle of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. I. Wild-type growth and reproduction.

Abstract The growth and reproduction of the small nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been studied using an electronic nematode counter recently developed in our laboratory. At 20°C, the usual growth temperature, size increases in a smooth sigmoidal manner with time, linear growth being most rapid around the time of the fourth molt and nearly ceasing by the end of the period of egg-laying. Growth of populations is highly synchronous; the small residual size heterogeneity is maximal at about the time of maximal growth. The four molts do not involve major interruption of growth, but they do entail slight shape changes (elongating upon escape from the old cuticle). Egg-laying begins shortly after the fourth molt, the rate rising rapidly at first, then more gradually to a peak followed by a relatively rapid fall. Comparable measurements at 16 and 25°C establish that these are acceptable limit temperatures for work with temperature-sensitive mutants, although egg yield is somewhat reduced and the kinetics of egg-laying are altered at 25°C. Developmental chronologies for all three temperatures are presented.
A Scrapbook on What's Wrong with the Past, Present and Future of Accountics Science

For operational convenience I define accountics science as research that features equations and/or statistical inference. Historically, there was a heated debate in the 1920s as to whether the main research journal of academic accounting, The Accounting Review (TAR) that commenced in 1926, should be an accountics journal with articles that mostly featured equations. Practitioners and teachers of college accounting won that debate.TAR articles and accountancy doctoral dissertations prior to the 1970s seldom had equations. For reasons summarized below, doctoral programs and TAR evolved to where in the 1990s there where having equations became virtually a necessary condition for a doctoral dissertation and acceptance of a TAR article. Qualitative normative and case method methodologies disappeared from doctoral programs.What’s really meant by “featured equations” in doctoral programs is merely symbolic of the fact that North American accounting doctoral programs pushed out most of the accounting to make way for econometrics and statistics that are now keys to the kingdom for promotion and tenure in accounting schools.The purpose of this paper is to make a case that the accountics science monopoly of our doctoral programs and published research is seriously flawed, especially its lack of concern about replication and focus on simplified artificial worlds that differ too much from reality to creatively discover findings of greater relevance to teachers of accounting and practitioners of accounting. Accountics scientists themselves became a Cargo Cult.
A Simplified Clinical Technique for a Routine Indirect Restoration Impression on a Challenging Patient Using a Dry Field Illuminator

Clinical Relevance Quality impressions require a dry oral environment. This can be difficult on medically compromised patients. During impression taking, simultaneous isolation along with check and...
Ablation of rotor and focal sources reduces late recurrence of atrial fibrillation compared with trigger ablation alone: extended follow-up of the CONFIRM trial (Conventional Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation With or Without Focal Impulse and Rotor Modulation).

Objectives The aim of this study was to determine if ablation that targets patient-specific atrial fibrillation (AF)–sustaining substrates (rotors or focal sources) is more durable than trigger ablation alone at preventing late AF recurrence. Background Late recurrence substantially limits the efficacy of pulmonary vein isolation for AF and is associated with pulmonary vein reconnection and the emergence of new triggers. Methods Three-year follow-up was performed of the CONFIRM (Conventional Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation With or Without Focal Impulse and Rotor Modulation) trial, in which 92 consecutive patients with AF (70.7% persistent) underwent novel computational mapping. Ablation comprised source (focal impulse and rotor modulation [FIRM]) and then conventional ablation in 27 patients (FIRM guided) and conventional ablation alone in 65 patients (FIRM blinded). Patients were followed with implanted electrocardiographic monitors when possible (85.2% of FIRM-guided patients, 23.1% of FIRM-blinded patients). Results FIRM mapping revealed a median of 2 (interquartile range: 1 to 2) rotors or focal sources in 97.7% of patients during AF. During a median follow-up period of 890 days (interquartile range: 224 to 1,563 days), compared to FIRM-blinded therapy, patients receiving FIRM-guided ablation maintained higher freedom from AF after 1.2 ± 0.4 procedures (median 1; interquartile range: 1 to 1) (77.8% vs. 38.5%, p = 0.001) and a single procedure (p Conclusions FIRM-guided ablation is more durable than conventional trigger-based ablation in preventing 3-year AF recurrence. Future studies should investigate how ablation of patient-specific AF-sustaining rotors and focal sources alters the natural history of arrhythmia recurrence. (The Dynamics of Human Atrial Fibrillation; NCT01008722 )
Comparing the Health Care Experiences of Medicare Beneficiaries with and without Depressive Symptoms in Medicare Managed Care versus Fee-for-Service

Objective To compare patient experiences and disparities for older adults with depressive symptoms in managed care (Medicare Advantage [MA]) versus Medicare Fee-for-Service (FFS). Data Sources Data came from the 2010 Medicare CAHPS survey, to which 220,040 MA and 135,874 FFS enrollees aged 65 and older responded. Study Design Multivariate linear regression was used to test whether case-mix-adjusted associations between depressive symptoms and patient experience differed for beneficiaries in MA versus FFS. Dependent measures included four measures of beneficiaries' experiences with doctors (e.g., reports of doctor communication) and seven measures of beneficiaries' experiences with plans (e.g., customer service). Principal Findings Beneficiaries with depressive symptoms reported worse experiences than those without depressive symptoms regardless of coverage type. For measures assessing interactions with the plan (but not for measures assessing interactions with doctors), the disadvantage for beneficiaries with versus without depressive symptoms was larger in MA than in FFS. Conclusions Disparities in care experienced by older Medicare beneficiaries with depressive symptoms tend to be more negative in managed care than in FFS. Efforts are needed to identify and address the barriers these beneficiaries encounter to help them better traverse the managed care environment.
Tricuspid Insufficiency after Laser Lead Extraction

Background The use of laser lead extraction (LLE) to remove pacemaker and implantable cardiac defibrillator leads has become more prevalent in the past decade. Though the procedure is associated with a low rate of complications, LLE still poses some risks to patients. Some reports have suggested an increase in tricuspid insufficiency (TI) associated with LLE. We present a series of patients who underwent both LLE and complete evaluation for TI with echocardiographic techniques. Methods From August 2008 to January 2010, 173 prospective, consecutive patients underwent LLE in a single center. All patients had transesophageal echocardiograms (TEE) during the extraction. Fifty-three patients had tricuspid valve function evaluated a day before the procedure with a transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE), during the procedure with a TEE and 2 days postoperatively with a TTE. Results All 173 patients experienced no change in tricuspid valve function during the procedure with TEE. Of the 53 patients who underwent a complete TI evaluation, 38 were males (72%) and 15 females (38%), with a mean age of 69.45 ± 14.08. Mean ejection fraction was 35.82 ± 14.72. Three (6%) patients experienced TI after the procedure (two mild and one severe, all with tricuspid valve endocarditis); 16 (30%) patients were found to have TI before LLE that returned to normal valve function during or after the procedure. Thirty-four (64%) patients did not experience any significant change of the tricuspid valve performance after LLE. Conclusion LLE was not associated with increased TI.
Geomorphic and tectonic process rates: Effects of measured time interval

Analysis of the original, numerical components of diverse geomorphic and tectonic process rates indicates that process rate is not independent of measured time interval. This implies that direct comparison of geologic process rates measured over variable time intervals may not be valid and that conclusions based on those comparisons regarding changes in rates through geologic time may be misleading in some cases. Calculation of statistically derived scaling functions is one approach that can be used to account for this measurement-interval bias and to improve comparisons of geologic-process rate data. When this approach is used, a 10 4 or 10 5 yr variation in the measured time interval accounts for approximately one order of magnitude change in the measured process rate. The magnitude of the correction can substantially affect conclusions of studies that compare uncorrected process rates calculated from variable time intervals.