cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A virtual Room with a cue: Detecting personality through spatial customization in a city simulation game

Online simulation games provide an opportunity for people to express their personality through the design of their in-game virtual environment in a manner visible to third-party observers. We found that zero-acquaintance observers of these games can identify personality traits by simply looking at screenshots of the created virtual environment, and that the observed personality is closer to the self-reported ''real'' personality than ''ideal'' personality of the creator. These results contradict studies on avatar customization and personality, suggesting that spatial customization is more reflective of unintentional behavioral residue than conscious selective self-presentation.
Control in craft work: The case of production potters

This paper examines the social organization of a craft profession (as opposed to an art world), namely production pottery. The analysis focuses on control as the important dependent variable and examines features of the social organization that may influence the amount of control that a production potter has over matters such as work schedule, product and choice of marketing outlets. One conclusion is that stratification along a time dimension (i.e. the length of time that one has been in the profession) is an important independent variable influencing amount of control. The paper concludes with a brief analysis of the controversy surrounding the concepts of “art” and “craft” as members of the study perceive this distinction.
Development of survival skills in captive-raised Siberian polecats (Mustela eversmanni) I: Locating prey

Captive-raised mustelids appear to have a rudimentary capacity to kill prey, but the skills necessary for locating prey may be eroded during captivity. We tested the maturational component of prey-searching behavior with captive-raised Siberian polecats (Mustela eversmanni) by subjecting polecats to a simulated prairie dog colony of 6 burrows within a 200 m2 arena. Ten naive Siberian polecats at ages 2.5, 3.5, and 4.5 months (30 total) were deprived of food for 12 hours. A dead prairie dog was placed in 1 prairie dog burrow and the other 5 were empty. A single Siberian polecat was released onto the colony shortly before sunset and its movements monitored from an observation tower. Older Siberian polecats located prey significantly quicker than younger polecats, but all age groups spent a great deal of time in surface activity not directed toward a burrow. When Siberian polecats were about 10 months old, all burrows in the arena were plugged with dirt including the burrow with the prairie dog. In this winter test, Siberian polecats located the prey but still spent a great deal of time in non-burrow directed surface activity. Economical use of surface time, with a low amount of non-burrow directed behavior, would presumably reduce the risk of predation for hunting polecats.
No Effect of Hydrodynamic Shock Wave on Protein Functionality of Beef Muscle

The protein functionality of meat proteins after treatment with hydrodynamic shock wave was determined. Frankfurters (cooked to 71 °C) were evaluated for cooking yield, CIE L * a * b * , nitrosylhemochrome, Texture Profile Analysis (hardness, cohesiveness), and stress and strain (torsion testing). Compared to the control samples, the hydrodynamic shock waves (HSW) did not affect (P > 0.05) myofibrillar or sarcoplasmic protein solubility, cooking yield, or color. Textural properties and gel strength of the frankfurters were not affected (P > 0.05) by HSW. These results suggested that beef trim obtained from HSW-processed meat could be used interchangeably with normal meat trim in the production of further processed meats since the functionality of meat protein was not affected significantly by the HSW process. Les proprietes fonctionnelles des proteines apres un traitement hydrodynamique du muscle sont determinees. La qualite des saucisses de francfort a base de proteines ayant subi ce choc hydrodynamique est evaluee. La solubilite des proteines n'est pas affectee. La texture, les proprietes rheologiques et mecaniques du gel ne sont pas modifiees. La viande issue du traitement hydrodynamique peut donc etre utilisee indifferemment dans les produits a base de viande qui vont subir d'autres transformations.
The Precision Penalty—An Alternative to Hypothesis Tests concerning the Mean

Abstract The classical test concerning the mean determines whether a variable of interest has a given average, but does not indicate the risk associated with small samples. In this article, I illustrate three examples for which the risk is critical. I then present an alternative approach, based on the Chebychev Theorem, giving a desired probability of being between acceptable values. I conclude by applying the new procedure to Dow Jones Industrial stocks, contrasting its approach with that of the classical test.
Diagnostic patterns in the evaluation of patients hospitalized with syncope.

Background: Syncope accounts for 5% of all hospital admissions. The etiology of syncope varies broadly, and nonselective, inpatient diagnostic evaluations to determine the cause of syncope are often inconclusive. We analyzed the yield of inpatient diagnostic tests for syncope, comparing patients with and without an initial suspected diagnosis of vasovagal syncope. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of consecutive adult patients with a principal diagnosis of syncope (ICD-9 Code 780.2) who were admitted through the emergency department of an 800-bed teaching hospital from January 1, 2000, to May 31, 2001. Results: A total of 267 patients (150 women, 117 men; mean age, 72.4 ± 15.3 years) were identified. On admission, a diagnosis of vasovagal syncope was suspected in 47% of patients. Inpatient tests, including telemetry monitoring, echocardiography, and stress testing, were significantly lower yielding in patients with suspected vasovagal syncope when compared to patients with other suspected etiologies (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Despite the significant length of hospital stay (median 4 days), we found that inpatient diagnostic workups for patients with suspected vasovagal syncope were low yielding, especially with regard to cardiac testing. Furthermore, abnormal test results did not change the discharge diagnosis.
A new procedure for testing equivalence in comparative bioavailability and other clinical trials

The problem of testing for equivalence in clinical trials is restated here in terms of the proper clinical hypotheses and a simple classical frequentist significance test based on the central t distribution is derived. This method is then shown to be more powerful than the methods based on usual (shortest) and symmetric confidence intervals. We begin by considering a noncentral t statistic and then consider three approximations to it. A simulation is used to compare actual test sizes to the nominal values in crossover and completely randomized designs. A central t approximation was the best. The power calculation is then shown to be based on a central t distribution, and a method is developed for obtaining the sample size required to obtain a specified power. For the approximations, a simulation compares actual powers to those obtained for the t distribution and confirms that the theoretical results are close to the actual powers.
Computational Modeling and Experimental Analysis of Nonsense-Mediated Decay in Yeast

A conserved mRNA surveillance system, referred to as nonsense-mediated decay (NMD), exists in eukaryotic cells to degrade mRNAs containing nonsense codons. This process is important in checking that mRNAs have been properly synthesized and functions, at least in part, to increase the fidelity of gene expression by degrading aberrant mRNAs that, if translated, would produce truncated proteins. Using computational modeling and experimental analysis, we define the alterations in mRNA turnover triggered by NMD in yeast. We demonstrate that the nonsense-containing transcripts are efficiently recognized, targeted for deadenylation-independent decapping, and show NMD triggered accelerated deadenylation regardless of the position of the nonsense codon. We also show that 5' nonsense codons trigger faster rates of decapping than 3' nonsense codons, thereby providing a mechanistic basis for the polar effect of NMD. Finally, we construct a computational model that accurately describes the process of NMD and serves as an explanatory and predictive tool.
Comment to Adams, Brock and Obst: ‘Is predation rational? Is it profitable?’

Adams, Brock and Obst (ABO) raise two questions about predatory pricing in the title of their short paper: Is predation rational? Is predation profitable? Their condition (2) indicates the answer to each question is yes if the expected value of post-predation gains is greater than the known cost of mounting a predatory campaign. ABO's contribution is the way they operationalize this condition. In judging whether a particular episode of low prices is predatory, ABO propose that exact measures of the alleged predator's costs and gains be combined to calculate a threshold level of the probability of "success." If this probability is not small in relation to a reasonable economic analyst's subjective judgement about the aggressor's true chance of bringing down a rival with below-cost prices, then the episode is judged to be one of rational and profitable predation. While the economic logic of ABO's test is sound, their application of the test to Brooke Group leaves much to be desired.1
Wardrobe Consultant Clientele: Identifying and Describing Three Market Segments

This study examined department store customers who seek additional advice from wardrobe consultants in making purchase decisions. Shopping attitudes of these customers were measured and analyzed to identify different consumer types. Using cluster analysis, three distinct market segments were found among consumers who engage the services of a wardrobe consultant: cautious consumers, recreational consumers, and convenience consumers. Demographic profiles were developed using personal characteristics and expenditure patterns for each of the three consumer types. Differences among the three market segments were then analyzed to suggest ways of developing marketing strategiesfor each segment. Of the three market segments the convenience consumerproduces the greatest opportunityforservice-oriented retailers. In addition to being the largest group, their demographic profile indicates a slightly younger group with higher incomes and a willingness to delegate shopping to a surrogate.
Compact deformations of Fuchsian groups

A conformal map Φ on the unit disk is called a compact deformation of a Fuchsian groupG if Φ has a quasiconformal extension to the planeh which conjugatesG to a Kleinian group G′ and the dilatation ofh is compactly supported moduloG. We show that for such deformations δ = dim(∧(G′)) = dim(∧c(G′)) (if δ ≥1) and the image of ∧e = ∧ ∧c is contained in a countable union of rectifiable curves and has zero length iffG is divergence type.
Involvement of Conserved, Acidic Residues in the N-Terminal Domain of Troponin C in Calcium-Dependent Regulation†

We have mutated eight conserved, charged amino acid residues in the N-terminal, regulatory domain of troponin C (TnC) so we could investigate their role in troponin-linked Ca2+ regulation of muscle contraction. These residues surround a hydrophobic pocket in the N-terminal domain of TnC which, when Ca2+ binds to regulatory sites in this domain, is exposed and interacts with the inhibitory region of troponin I (TnI). We constructed three double mutants (E53A/E54A, E60A/E61A, and E85A/D86A) and two single mutants (R44A and R81A) of rabbit fast skeletal muscle troponin C (TnC) in which the charged residues were replaced with neutral alanines. All five of these mutants retained TnC's ability to bind TnI in a Ca2+-dependent manner, to neutralize TnI's inhibition of actomyosin S1 ATPase activity, and to form a ternary complex with TnI and troponin T (TnT). Ternary complexes formed with TnC(R44A) or TnC(R81A) regulated actomyosin S1 ATPase activity normally, with TnI-based inhibition in the absence of Ca2+ and T...
A dynamic model of top management team effectiveness: managing unstructured task streams

Abstract Leadership research relating top management team (TMT) demographics to firm performance has produced mixed empirical results. This article suggests a new explanation for these inconsistencies. We first note that a given TMT is likely to face a variety of different situations over time. Thus, while TMT demographic composition is relatively stable, the TMT task is dynamic and variable. In some situations, team members have similar information and interests (a symmetric distribution); in others, information or interests diverge (an asymmetric distribution). Based on team effectiveness theory, we argue that, unless group process is managed accordingly, asymmetric distributions of situation-specific information and interests will reduce TMT decision-making effectiveness. We then develop leader process choices to mitigate the potentially harmful effect of these asymmetries. These arguments form the basis of a theoretical model of TMT effectiveness that integrates insights from research on leadership, TMTs, small group process, and negotiation, and has practical implications for how leaders of senior teams can improve team effectiveness through appropriate process choices.
An approach to laminated flexible Dye sensitized solar cells

Abstract We have built TiO2 Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) that combined flexible TiO2 photoanodes coated on ITO/PET substrates with a gel electrolyte based on PVDF–HFP–SiO2 films. Titanium isopropoxide (TiP4) was used as additive to TiO2 nanoparticles for increasing power conversion efficiency in Dye sensitized solar cell electrodes prepared at low-temperature (130 °C). An efficiency ηAM1.5G = 3.55% on ITO/PET substrates is obtained at 48 mW/cm2 illumination with a standard liquid electrolyte based on methoxypropionitrile. Among several solvents forming gels with PVDF–HFP–SiO2, N-methyl (pyrrolidone) (NMP) was found to enable the most stable devices. A power conversion efficiency ηAM1.5G = 2% was obtained under 10 mW/cm2 with flexible TiO2–ITO–PET photoanodes and the PVDF–HFP–SiO2 + NMP gel electrolyte.
Transformations of the stuffed cristobalites, K2MSiO4, M=Mg, Zn, Co, Cd, with temperature and composition

The effects of composition and of temperature on the orthorhombic, Pca21 to cubic, F4¯3m transition of the stuffed cristobalite structure are reported. A distorton index which measures the departure of the orthorhombic unit cell from a metrically cubic cell shows that at room temperature, distortion increases in the progression K2CdSiO4 <K2MgSiO4 <K2ZnSiO4≈K2CoSiO4. High temperature X-ray powder measurements document an apparently discontinuous transition to a structure of F4¯3m symmetry. Differential scanning calorimetry shows a sharp, reversible, first order transition to the high temperature phase at about 500–600 °C for these compounds. Measured transformation enthalpies in the range of 7 to 16 J/g correlate roughly with the distortion index. The transformation involves tetrahedral rotation to an orientationally disordered cubic structure which retains an ordered M2+/Si distribution.
Comparison of the Effectiveness and Enthusiasm toward the Audience Response System between a Medical School in the United States and the Caribbean

The audience response system (ARS) is being more widely used in undergraduate medical education as a way to engage students more in the learning process as opposed to the traditional lecture format. I compared different methods of utilizing the ARS as well as queried the students for feedback from the same lecture given at a medical school in the US and the Caribbean.
Serum 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D and Insulin Resistance, Metabolic Syndrome, and Glucose Intolerance Among Arab Americans

Objective- To describe 25-hydroxy Vitamin D (25-OH-D) levels and examine associations between 25-OH-D levels and insulin resistance (IR), metabolic syndrome (MS), and glucose intolerance in Arab Americans (AA). Research design and methods- Serum 25-OH-D levels were measured in a representative, cross-sectional sample of 542 AA with IR (46%), MS (33%), and glucose intolerance (42%). Results- Vitamin D insufficiency (5 to <20ng/mL) was present in 75% and hypovitaminosis D (20 to <40ng/mL) in 24% of participants. In men, 25-OH-D levels were lower in those with glucose intolerance than normoglycemia (p=0.01). No such difference was found in women. In men, 25-OH-D was negatively correlated with HOMA-IR (r=−0.19; P =0.0043), triglycerides (r=−0.18; P =0.0069), FPG (r=−0.15; P = 0.027), and A1C (r=−0.14; P =0.038). In women, 25-OH-D was positively correlated with HDL (r=0.19; P =0.0008). Conclusions- Vitamin D insufficiency and hypovitaminosis D are extremely common among AA, and in men are associated with IR, components of the MS, and glucose intolerance.
Modulation of growth in human esophageal adenocarcinoma cells by group IIa secretory phospholipase A2

Objective Esophageal adenocarcinoma is thought to arise from lesions produced by chronic esophageal inflammation. Secretory phospholipase A 2 is an important mediator of mucosal response to gastroesophageal reflux, but its role in the function of mature cancer cells is unclear. We sought to determine the influence of group IIa secretory phospholipase A 2 on proliferation of human esophageal adenocarcinoma cells. Methods FLO-1 and OE33 cells derived from human esophageal adenocarcinoma were cultured with standard techniques. Cells were treated with 1-, 5-, 10-, and 20-μmol/L doses of 5-(4-benzyloxyphenyl)-4S-(7-phenylheptanoylamino)pentanoic acid, a specific inhibitor of group IIa secretory phospholipase A 2 , for 72 hours. Gene for group IIa secretory phospholipase A 2 (PLA2G2A) was overexpressed and silenced with lentiviral infection techniques. Cell proliferation and viability were measured with standard 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide and bromodeoxyuridine incorporation assays. All assays were performed in triplicate. PLA2G2A expression was measured with quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; protein levels were detected with immunofluorescence microscopy. Statistical analysis was by analysis of variance with Fisher post hoc analysis. Results Secretory phospholipase A 2 protein was found in both malignant esophageal adenocarcinoma cell lines. Treatment with specific group IIa secretory phospholipase A 2 inhibitor resulted in dose-dependent reductions in growth and cell number in both cell lines. Overexpression of PLA2G2A resulted in enhanced cancer cell growth, whereas gene knockdown attenuated growth. Conclusions Group IIa secretory phospholipase A 2 appears significant in growth and proliferation of human esophageal adenocarcinoma cells. Secretory phospholipase A 2 inhibition should be studied further regarding potential chemopreventive and therapeutic properties in esophageal adenocarcinoma.
A 10-Year Mechatronics Curriculum Development Initiative: Relevance, Content, and Results—Part II

This paper describes the second and third phases of a comprehensive mechatronics curriculum development effort. They encompass the development of two advanced mechatronics courses (?Simulation and Modeling of Mechatronic Systems? and ?Sensors and Actuators for Mechatronic Systems?), the formulation of a Mechatronics concentration, and offshoot research activities in the mechatronics area. The first phase involved the design of an ?Introduction to Mechatronics? course and the infusion of mechatronic activities throughout the curriculum and in outreach activities and has been described in a companion paper ?A 10-Year Mechatronics Curriculum Development Initiative: Relevance, Content, and Results-Part I? (IEEE Transactions on Education, vol. 53, no. 2, May 2010).
Advanced optimistic approaches in logic simulation

This paper presents the optimistic synchronization mechanism predictive time warp (PTW) based on the implementation time warp of the virtual time paradigm for use in the simulation of electronic systems and high level system simulation. In comparison to most existing approaches extending and improving classical time warp, the aim of this development was to reduce the roll-back frequency of optimistic logical processes without imposing waiting periods. Part of PTW is the introduction of forecast events predicting a certain period in the future and thus reducing the roll-back probability. On the example of a distributed logic simulation the benefit of the PTW synchronization approach is shown.
Calibration Assessment of ISCCP Geostationary Infrared Observations Using HIRS

Abstract Infrared window (∼11 μm) brightness temperatures from global geostationary meteorological instruments were calibrated using the High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS) as an independent analysis of the satellite intercalibration performed by the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP). Criteria for matching geostationary observations with HIRS from previous literature were inadequate to analyze a shift in calibration due to the limited range of resulting temperatures. The result was an inability to determine the impact of a calibration error on observations of cold clouds. To better understand the calibration error, a new set of matchup criteria that collected targets at all temperatures proportionately showed a significant shift in the ISCCP calibration. Using the new criteria, it became apparent that observations of cold temperatures were biased too cold. A correction based on these results removed the bias between the geostationary and HIRS observations.
Trans-generational impact of cerium oxide nanoparticles on tomato plants

Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2-NPs) are increasingly used in polishing, engine enhancement agents and many other products. Even though the acute toxicity of CeO2-NPs to plants has been investigated, the long-term effects of CeO2-NPs in the environment are still unknown. The main objective of this study was to investigate whether the treatment of tomato plants with relatively low concentrations of CeO2-NPs (10 mg L(-1)) through their lifecycle would affect the seed quality and the development of second generation seedlings. The results indicated that second generation seedlings grown from seeds collected from treated parent plants with CeO2-NPs (treated second generation seedlings) were generally smaller and weaker, as indicated by their smaller biomass, lower water transpiration and slightly higher reactive oxygen species content. An interesting phenomenon noticed in the study was that the second generation seedlings grown from treated seeds developed extensive root hairs compared with the control second generation seedlings (seedlings grown from seeds collected from untreated parent plants) regardless of the treatment. Treated second generation seedlings also accumulate a higher amount of ceria than control second generation seedlings under the same treatment conditions even though such differences are not statistically significant.
Cryogenics for the LUX Detector

This paper describes results on R&D of an economical and efficient cryogenic system for the LUX detector. LUX is a new WIMP dark matter search experiment to be carried out at the Homestake (South Dakota) gold mine, and is based on 300 kg of liquid xenon (LXe) operated at a temperature of 175 K. The cooling system consists of a cold head attached to a thermal screen surrounding the cold vessel and three nitrogen-filled thermosyphons designed to transport heat loads to a free-boiling liquid nitrogen bath. The most powerful thermosyphon mounted directly onto the cold head has demonstrated > 1 kW cooling power and has been used for the initial cooling of the detector and xenon condensation. The second thermosyphon with ~ 0.2 kW cooling power is mounted to the cold head through a thermal impedance designed for stable operation of the detector when the condensation is completed. The third thermosyphon similar to the second one is connected to the bottom of the thermal screen to control the temperature gradient along the detector. Results of initial tests are presented.
The Reaction of (2-Pyridylamino)Diphenylborane with Isocyanates and Isothiocyanates

Abstract (2-Pyridylamino)diphenylborane reacts with isocyanates and isothiocyanates in a 1,2-addition of the pyridylamino and diphenylboryl moieties of the aminoborane across the CN double bond of the organic species. Spectroscopic data suggest that the boron atom of the reaction products is in tetrahedral environment due to back-coordination with the pyridyl nitrogen.
Psychotropic Medications and Their Effect on Brain Volumes in Childhood Psychopathology

The heightened awareness of psychopathology in childhood has been paralleled by an upsurge of prescriptions for psychotropic medications in this population (Olfson, Blanco, Liu, Wang, & Correll, 2012). Although medications are evidence-based treatments which in many disorders effectively ameliorate symptoms and impairment, their mounting use in pediatrics has been controversial (Rapoport, 2013). This is based on the lack of adequately powered randomized controlled trials combined with concerns for children’s greater sensitivity to side effects of psychotropic agents and the unclear ramifi cations for the developing brain. Physicians treating pediatric populations are thus charged with the challenge of weighing potentially far-reaching risks of medications against their benefi ts in children struggling with impairments that in and of themselves stand to impede development. To exercise sound clinical judgment, physicians should be informed about the neurobiological mechanisms and effects of psychotropic medications on the brain, particularly in children and adolescents. Advances in neuroimaging methods have provided the opportunity to begin to investigate the neural correlates of psychopathology as well as the impact of treatments on brain development. To examine the question of how pediatric psycho-
The Importance of the Extent of Resection for Prognosis of Stomach Cancer Patients

For potentially curable gastric carcinomas adequate surgical resection of the stomach and extensive lymphadenectomy are mandatory. En bloc resection should be performed if there is no evidence of unresectable tumor, and the scope of gastric resection and lymphadenectomy should be planned in accordance with the extent and location of the primary lesion. Published results of radical gastric resection continue to suggest the superiority of extended surgical procedures over the less extensive resections.
MICROWAVE SPECTRUM OF CYCLOHEXENE OXIDE

Abstract The microwave spectrum of cyclohexene oxide (7-oxabicyclo [4, 1, 0] heptane) has been studied in the region 26.5–40 GHz. Both a- and c -type R -branch transitions have been assigned for the ground state, for the first excited state of the ring-bending mode, and for the first excited state of the ring-twisting mode. Using supplementary information obtained from the liquid-phase farinfrared spectrum, these excited states are estimated to be ∼156 cm −1 and ∼280 cm −1 above the ground state. The rotational constants of the ground state are (in MHz): A = 3872.055 ± 0.002, B = 3157.371 ± 0.003, C = 2110.809 ± 0.005. The electric dipole moment components of the ground state are (in Debye units): | μ a | 1.15 ± 0.01, | μ b | = 0.18 ± 0.08, | μ c | = 1.91 ± 0.02. A plausible molecular structure has been calculated and it indicates a twisted carbon skeleton in agreement with earlier electron diffraction studies.
Computer reminders and alerts

With busy users relying increasingly on computers to provide reminders and alerts, the enabling technology is rapidly gaining importance. Surprisingly, many issues have not yet been thoroughly explored. The state of the art is characterized by after-the-fact application patches, plug-ins and custom-designed reminder methods. This hodgepodge of approaches is likely to change. Recent trends indicate that hundreds of millions of dollars of personal information management (PIM) programs have been sold, mainly because of their reminding abilities. Billions of dollars in savings per year and increased quality of work are projected as more reminder and alerting programs are deployed. Agents that perform reminding and alerting tasks represent one of the fastest growing areas of the World Wide Web and other digital repositories.
On the number and the distribution of the nash equilibria in supermodular games and their impact on the tipping set

In this paper we analyze a class of n-person supermodular games that arise in the context of interdependent security analysis. More specifically, we quantify the number and the distribution of Nash equilibria in pure strategies and their impact on the tipping set.
Detecting Stepping-Stone with Chaff Perturbations

Attackers on the Internet like to indirectly launch network intrusions by using stepping-stones. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to decrease the packet bound by performing a transformation of packet difference of two streams of a host in order to distinguish stepping-stone connections. The adjustment is critical in the case of chaff perturbation by the intruder. Previous work requires the assumption that the total chaff packets be limited by a given number. We replaced the assumption by using a given chaff rate. It is found that after transformation, the bound range is much smaller for attacking connection, resulting in smaller probability of false negative detection.
The Glycerophospho Metabolome and Its Influence on Amino Acid Homeostasis Revealed by Brain Metabolomics of GDE1(−/−) Mice

GDE1 is a mammalian glycerophosphodiesterase (GDE) implicated by in vitro studies in the regulation of glycerophophoinositol (GroPIns) and possibly other glycerophospho (GroP) metabolites. Here, we show using untargeted metabolomics that GroPIns is profoundly (>20-fold) elevated in brain tissue from GDE1(-/-) mice. Furthermore, two additional GroP metabolites not previously identified in eukaryotic cells, glycerophosphoserine (GroPSer) and glycerophosphoglycerate (GroPGate), were also highly elevated in GDE1(-/-) brains. Enzyme assays with synthetic GroP metabolites confirmed that GroPSer and GroPGate are direct substrates of GDE1. Interestingly, our metabolomic profiles also revealed that serine (both L-and D-) levels were significantly reduced in brains of GDE1(-/-) mice. These findings designate GroPSer as a previously unappreciated reservoir for free serine in the nervous system and suggest that GDE1, through recycling serine from GroPSer, may impact D-serine-dependent neural signaling processes in vivo.
Integrating microsecond circuit switching into the data center

Recent proposals have employed optical circuit switching (OCS) to reduce the cost of data center networks. However, the relatively slow switching times (10--100 ms) assumed by these approaches, and the accompanying latencies of their control planes, has limited its use to only the largest data center networks with highly aggregated and constrained workloads. As faster switch technologies become available, designing a control plane capable of supporting them becomes a key challenge.In this paper, we design and implement an OCS prototype capable of switching in 11.5 us, and we use this prototype to expose a set of challenges that arise when supporting switching at microsecond time scales. In response, we propose a microsecond-latency control plane based on a circuit scheduling approach we call Traffic Matrix Scheduling (TMS) that proactively communicates circuit assignments to communicating entities so that circuit bandwidth can be used efficiently.
The Tillinghast Lectures: A Decade of International Tax Law Proposals

In celebration of the 10th Anniversary of the Tillinghast Lectures in International Taxation, NYU will reprint in a single volume each Lecture and its Commentary as it originally appeared in the Tax Law Review. This is the introduction to the volume, and it provides brief commentary on each lecture. One reason the Tillinghast Lectures have attained such influence must be the Lecturers' willingness to think afresh and challenge orthodox notions concerning the pressing questions of how international income should be taxed and how to cope with the special policy problems posed by an increasingly integrated global economy. Among the policies questioned by the first ten Tillinghast Lecturers were such basic principles as the use of source and residence as bases for taxation of multinational business enterprises. The lectures also explored whether bilateral tax treaties were necessary, and if so, how they could be adapted to better suit modern transactions. Several lecturers considered the tax planning opportunities offered by the tremendous diversity of national tax laws, with some lectures advocating greater harmonization of domestic laws, while others argued that diversity cannot or should not be curbed. Discussion in almost every lecture touched on international organizations such as the OECD, the EU, the WTO, and NAFTA, reflecting the growing importance of such organizations to international taxation. Although the Tillinghast lectures found much to criticize, each also dedicated significant time to discussing what policies could be approved and how.
Firm Structure, Government Policy, and the Organization of Industrial Research: Great Britain and the United States, 1900–1950

An important factor in the poor performance of the British economy in the twentieth century is the low level of investment by British firms in research and development. In this article, Professor Mowery compares the development of industrial research in Great Britain and the United States between 1900 and 1950, focusing on the reasons for the much lower levels of industrial research investment in Britain. He concludes that the substantial British lag can be attributed to differences in corporate structure, educational systems, and government policy.
Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence of CdSe Nanocrystals

Electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) was observed from TOPO-capped CdSe nanocrystals dissolved in CH2Cl2 containing 0.1 M TBAP. The solution of monodisperse nanocrystals with an absorption maximum at 537 nm was synthesized at 330 °C using TOPO (trioctylphosphineoxide) and TOP (trioctylphosphine) as capping agents and Cd-acetate and Se powder as precursors. The photoluminescence (PL) spectrum showed an emission maximum at 545 nm. Cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry of this solution displayed no distinctive features, but light emission was observed through the annihilation of oxidized and reduced forms electrogenerated during cyclic potential scans or steps. The oxidized species was somewhat more stable than the reduced form. The ECL spectrum was substantially red shifted by ∼200 nm from the PL spectrum, suggesting that surface states play an important role in the emission process.
Discussion on Recipe for Design of a Compact Final Focus

On the first day of the Nanobeam Workshop [1], several participants commented that they were having difficulties designing a Raimondi-Seryi final focus system with local chromaticity correction [2], and requested a recipe for tuning such a lattice to cancel higher-order aberrations. In response, such a recipe was written and distributed to those interested on the following day. The text of this recipe is reproduced in Sections 1 and 2 with only minor style and language corrections.
"So I've Gone around in Circles…": Living the Korean War

To what extent memories of the Korean War constitute an unexpressed reservoir of shared experience in the Korean American community and whether or not giving voice to it can enhance individual and collective efficacy are questions motivating an oral history project I have been conducting for the past several years. This writing presents a single, more detailed life story compiled from nearly five hours of interviewing with one interviewee, Mrs. Helen Kyungsook Daniels, to whom I was introduced by a common acquaintance.
Verapamil blockade of pressor and uterine responses to AVP-OT analogue, oxypressin

The effects of the calcium channel blocker verapamil on simultaneously recorded uterine and pressor responses to the equipotent (in eliciting these responses) oxytocin-vasopressin analogue, oxypressin, were studied in urethan-anesthetized and pentolinium- and indomethacin-treated rats during injections and infusions of this analogue. Doses of verapamil that almost completely blocked the pressor response to infused oxypressin had no effect on a pressor response to injected oxypressin of equal magnitude. Larger doses of verapamil blocked the pressor response to injected oxypressin somewhat. Uterine responses were only marginally affected by these doses of verapamil, and there was no significant difference between infusion and injection or between estrus and diestrus.
Carbon isotope stratigraphy and correlation of plant megafossil localities in the Hell Creek Formation of eastern Montana, USA

Questions of biotic and environmental change during deposition of the Upper Maastrichtian Hell Creek Formation require a robust and replicable system for intraformational correlation of fossil localities. In this paper, we present a carbon isotope chemostratigraphic curve based on terrestrial organic carbon. Data were taken from a complete measured section spanning the full 93 m of the Hell Creek Formation at our study site. Sedimentary beds were described at the centimeter scale, and samples for carbon isotope analysis were taken at ~10 cm intervals. Each sedimentary bed was analyzed in thin section, and grain-size data were assembled based on petrographic point counts. The well-documented Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary negative carbon isotope excursion, six negative carbon isotope excursions, and four tentative positive carbon isotope excursions provide chronostratigraphic tie points within the Hell Creek Formation. We used this curve to precisely correlate 12 additional fossilbearing localities from throughout the Hell Creek Formation across its type area. These correlations revealed signifi cant local variation in sediment accumulation rates, confi rming that simple stratigraphic position relative to the diachronous base and top of the Hell Creek Formation introduces signifi cant error in correlation.
Variations of the Global Net Air–Sea Heat Flux during the “Hiatus” Period (2001–10)

AbstractAn assessment is made of the mean and variability of the net air–sea heat flux, Qnet, from four products (ECCO, OAFlux–CERES, ERA-Interim, and NCEP1) over the global ice-free ocean from January 2001 to December 2010. For the 10-yr “hiatus” period, all products agree on an overall net heat gain over the global ice-free ocean, but the magnitude varies from 1.7 to 9.5 W m−2. The differences among products are particularly large in the Southern Ocean, where they cannot even agree on whether the region gains or loses heat on the annual mean basis. Decadal trends of Qnet differ significantly between products. ECCO and OAFlux–CERES show almost no trend, whereas ERA-Interim suggests a downward trend and NCEP1 shows an upward trend. Therefore, numerical simulations utilizing different surface flux forcing products will likely produce diverged trends of the ocean heat content during this period. The downward trend in ERA-Interim started from 2006, driven by a peculiar pattern change in the tropical regions....
Absorption and Excretion of Furosemide-S35 in Human Subjects:

SummaryFurosemide labeled with radioactive sulphur (S35) was given intravenously, intramuscularly or orally to adult subjects without any detectable cardiorenal disease. Peak plasma levels of radioactivity were found at 30 minutes and at 60 minutes after intramuscular and oral administration, respectively, of single doses. Approximately 80% of the dose given was recovered in the urine in 24 hours after intravenous or intramuscular injection of single doses. Following oral administration of single doses to 2 subjects, the 24-hour urinary recoveries were 26% and 54%, and fecal recovery was 2.1%. Comparison of rates of urinary excretion revealed that between 69% and 97% of the recovered activity was excreted in the first 4 hours after the drug was given, regardless of route of administration.
Ethnic Conflict and the Federalization of Socialist Yugoslavia: The Serbo-Croat Conflict

During the course of fighting a guerilla war against foreign occupiers while at the same time waging a social revolution, the Communist Party of Yugoslavia adopted a federal formula for the organization of the state over which they were confident they would rule in the post-war period. Federalization based on the Soviet model was the Party's response to the manifest ethnic problems of the interwar Kingdom, and a reflection of the evolving patterns of relationships within the Partisan/Party organization. The post-war federal union consisted of six Socialist Republics: Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia and Hercegovina (a single republic), Montenegro, and Macedonia. The Serbian republic was further divided into Serbia proper (a largely ethnically homogeneous area) and two autonomous provincesVojvodina (a polyethnic area with a large Hungarian minority in addition to its Serbian and Croatian population), and KosovoMetohija (an area bordering on Albania, with a large Albanian minority). Serbs also made up a significant portion of the populations of Croatia, Bosnia and Hercegovina, and of Macedonia. The creation of a Montenegrin republic separate from the republic of Serbia reflected the historically separate-but not ethnically distinct-development of Serbs and Montenegrins. Thus, the federal formula was applied in such a way as to divide the large Serbian
Abstract 4026: Id4 acts as a tumor suppressor by regulating c-Myc and MDM2 in prostate cancer

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL PURPOSE: Id proteins (Id1, Id2, Id3, and Id4) function as dominant negative regulators of basic helix loop helix transcription factor family. They share the conserved HLH domain but lack the DNA binding basic domain. This domain configuration allows the Id proteins to dimerize with bHLH proteins. The Id-bHLH dimer therefore fails to bind the E box consensus sequence and activate transcription. In general Id1 and Id3 promote proliferation and inhibit differentiation and thus their expression is generally high in many cancers. The function of Id4 appears to be unique as compared to Id1-Id3. Recent studies have demonstrated that Id4 is epigenetically silenced in many cancers suggesting that Id4 may in fact act as a tumor suppressor. The present study was carried out to determine the molecular mechanism by which Id4 acts as a tumor suppressor in prostate cancer. DESIGN METHODS: Initial studies were carried out on DU145 cells in which Id4 is epigenetically silenced. Over-expression of Id4 decreased proliferation and promoted epithelial like morphology in DU145 cells. A proteomics based approach suggested that MDM2 is a potential downstream target of Id4. The upstream regulators and downstream targets of MDM2 were then evaluated to understand the mechanism and functional significance of Id4-MDM2 cross talk. RESULTS: A combination of expression and immuno-localization studies demonstrated that c-Myc and p14ARF, the upstream regulators of MDM2 expression are down-regulated in the presence of Id4. Id4 also significantly up-regulated the expression and nuclear localization of CDKNIs p21and p27. Unexpectedly, the expression of p53 a known target of MDM2 was decreased both at the transcript and protein level. CONCLUSIONS: Although MDM2 was discovered as a potential downstream target, our pathway analysis suggests that c-Myc could also be a downstream target of Id4. The de-repression of CDKNI appears to be c-Myc dependent but p53 independent primarily because in DU145 cells, p53 is mutated. Alternatively, decreased MDM2 could promote p21 stability resulting in increased nuclear localization and expression. Taken together our data support the role of Id4 as a potential tumor suppressor that is unique and opposite to the oncogenic properties of other HLH members Id1, Id2 and Id3. Supported by: NIH/NCI R01CA128914 and NIH/NCRR/RCMI G12RR03062. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4026. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4026
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering characterization of monohydroxylated polymethoxyflavones

Polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) belong to a unique class of flavonoids mainly found in citrus fruits. Characterization of different PMFs is important to further understand and apply these compounds as functional ingredients in food. The objective of this study is to characterize three monohydroxylated PMFs using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and to determine the role of hydroxylation in their SERS behaviors. Serial concentrations of 3′-hydroxylnobiletin (3HN), 4′-hydroxylnobiletin (4HN), and 5-hydroxylnobiletin (5HN) were incubated with silver dendrites for SERS analysis. Results demonstrated that three PMFs exhibited significantly different SERS behaviors. 5HN produced saturation peak intensity at relative low concentration (0.05 mM), while 3HN and 4HN produced saturation peak intensity at much higher concentrations (0.5 and 1 mM, respectively) according to principal component analysis. Below saturation, 5HN had the highest peak intensity, while 3HN had the lowest peak intensity. After reaching saturation, 4HN and 5HN had similar relative peak intensities that were much greater than 3HN. The HPLC analysis revealed that 36.13 ± 1.06% of 5HN, 18.40 ± 3.31% of 4HN, and 9.66 ± 0.94% of 3HN were bound to silver. Based on these results, we speculated that different positions of hydroxylation of PMFs were critical for determining spatial conformation of PMFs on binding sites, resulting in different binding affinities and saturation points, therefore their SERS behaviors. This study first reported that the position of hydroxylation in the monohydroxylated PMFs was crucial for their interactions with silver dendrites and provided valued information for further applying SERS for molecular characterization of flavonoids. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of complement activation in thrombosis and hemolytic anemias

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to describe complement activation in hemostatic and pathologic states of coagulation and in the acquired and congenital hemolytic anemias. Methods and Results We review published and emerging data on the involvement of the classic, alternative and lectin-based complement pathways in coagulation and the hemolytic anemias. The alternative pathway in particular is always “on,” at low levels, and is particularly sensitive to hyper-activation in a variety of physiologic and pathologic states including infection, autoimmune disorders, thrombosis and pregnancy, requiring tight control predicated on a variety of soluble and membrane bound regulatory proteins. In acquired hemolytic anemias such as paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) and cold agglutinin disease (CAD), the complement system directly induces red blood cell injury, resulting in intravascular and extravascular hemolysis. In congenital hemolytic anemias such as sickle cell disease and β-thalassemia, the complement system may also contribute to thrombosis and vascular disease. Complement activation may also lead to a storage lesion in red blood cells prior to transfusion. Conclusion Complement pathways are activated in hemolytic anemias and are closely linked with thrombosis. In acquired disorders such as PNH and possibly CAD, inhibition of the alternative complement pathway improves clinical outcomes and reduces thrombosis risk. Whether complement inhibition has a similar role in congenital hemolytic anemias apart from the atypical hemolytic-uremic (aHUS)-type thrombotic microangiopathies remains to be determined.