cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Telemedicine: technology mediated service relationship, encounter, or something else?

Abstract Purpose Service interactions between service providers and health care consumers happen daily in health care organizations, and can occur face-to-face or through mediating technology. We use the demanding and rich environment of telemedicine to better understand the nature of the real time service-encounter interactions among the human and technology actors engaged in the process and to inform telemedicine providers about key factors to consider in telemedicine design. Methods We conducted a case study of medical video conferencing (MVC) for the delivery of patient healthcare (a form of telemedicine) using multiple data collection and analysis techniques involving a range of telemedicine stakeholders. Results The research reveals that telemedicine requires a new kind of service relationship, an Advanced Encounter, with unique relationships between the telemedicine service providers, presenters, patients, and technology. Seven facilitating factors for the Advanced Encounter of telemedicine are identified and discussed, including the telemedicine servicescape : a set of supporting structures that are critical to telemedicine success. Conclusions Key contributions are a deep understanding of the relationships between telemedicine actors, and the organizational actions needed to deploy a technology-mediated telemedicine service.
Availability of iron to rats from Spirulina, a blue-green alga

Abstract Both cultured Spirulina platensis (Nordst.) Geitl,a blue-green alga, and commercially available dried Spirulina contained high levels of iron, 300–400 ppm on a dry weight basis. Iron availability to rats from cultured S. platensis and from commercial Spirulina equaled that of FeSO 4 . Ingestion of the daily dose of Spirulina (10 g) recommended for human consumption by the commercial source would provide up to 1.5–2 mg absorbed iron. However, both cultured and commercial Spirulina contained approximately 9.5 ppm Hg, so that chronic use may lead to mercury intakes above prudent levels.
Crystal Structure of the Complex of Brugia Malayi Cyclophilin and Cyclosporin A.

The resistance of the human parasite Brugia malayi to the antiparasitic activity of cyclosporin A (CsA) may arise from the presence of cyclophilins with relatively low affinity for the drug. The structure of the complex of B. malayi cyclophilin (BmCYP-1) and CsA, with eight independent copies in the asymmetric unit, has been determined at a resolution of 2.7 A. The low affinity of BmCYP-1 for CsA arises from incomplete preorganization of the binding site so that the formation of a hydrogen bond between His132 of BmCYP-1 and N-methylleucine 9 of CsA is associated with a shift in the backbone of approximately 1 A in this region.
A possible control of food intake during pregnancy in the rat

1. Brain hypothalamic concentrations of serotonin and norepinephrine have been implicated in the control of food intake. During pregnancy and lactation a rat dam's food consumption is increased and so a study was performed to ascertain whether this was associated with changes in the hypothalamic content of serotonin and norepinephrine. 2. In the first experiment, forty-eight Sprague Dawley rat dams were given a diet containing 250 g casein/kg adlib. After 2 weeks, eight were killed and their hypothalmic analysed for the previously-mentioned neurotransmitters. The rest were mated and continued on the diet. On each of days 7, 14 and 20 of gestation, day 14 of lactation and 2 weeks after weaning of their pups a further eight dams were killed and their hypothalami assayed as described previously. Food intake was monitored throughout the experimental period. 3. The increase food intake of the dams during gestation and lactation increased to the same extent as elevation in hypothalamic norepinephrine content and depression in serotonin content. After lactation food intake returned to pre-pregnancy levels as did the hypothalamic levels of norepinephrine and serotonin. 4. By using the same experimental design but limiting the increase in food intake in pregnancy and lactation to half the expected amount the same changes were found in hypothalamic norepinephrine and serotonin contents. 5. The possibility of hypothalamic neurotransmitter contents controlling food intake is discussed.
On the ε-perturbation method for avoiding degeneracy

Although it is NP-complete to decide whether a linear programming problem is degenerate, the @e-perturbation method can be used to reduce in polynomial time any linear programming problem with rational coefficients to a nondegenerate problem. The perturbed problem has the same status as the given one in terms of feasibility and unboundedness, and optimal bases of the perturbed problem are optimal in the given problem.
Mistaking demographic segments for people: another source of customer abuse

Purpose – The article's purpose is to note the misuse of the planning tool of segmentation for a priori improper judgments of individual customers when sales staff in stores treat men and women who walk in the door based on their demographic group membership instead of as people.Design/methodology/approach – The article notes that segments are merely statements of what is “more likely” from certain types of group members, and that dealing with individuals requires a different mind set.Findings – The pragmatic business need is to understand how to attract and retain customers of all types, not just those that might fit a profile. What might be attractive to many young people could at the same time discourage older customers, or even “different” young people. Certain types of potential customers might appear out of place in a particular store, but that does not translate into them being undesirable parts of store traffic.Originality/value – This article notes an important observation that many store clerks,...
Effect of modifying the screw access channels of zirconia implant abutment on the cement flow pattern and retention of zirconia restorations.

Statement of problem The effect of managing the screw access channels of zirconia implant abutments in the esthetic zone has not been extensively evaluated. Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of an insert placed within the screw access channel of an anterior zirconia implant abutment on the amount of cement retained within the restoration-abutment system and on the dislodging force. Material and methods Thirty-six paired zirconia abutments and restorations were fabricated by computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing and were divided into 3 groups: open abutment, with the screw access channel unfilled; closed abutment, with the screw access channel sealed; and insert abutment, with a thin, tubular metal insert projection continuous with the screw head and placed into the abutment screw access channel. The restorations were cemented to the abutments with preweighed eugenol-free zinc oxide cement (TempBond NE). Excess cement was removed, and the weight of the cement that remained in the restoration-abutment system was measured. Vertical tensile dislodging forces were recorded at a crosshead speed of 5 mm/min after incubation in a 37°C water bath for 24 hours. The specimens were examined for the cement flow pattern into the screw access channel after dislodgement. Data were analyzed with ANOVA, followed by multiple comparisons by using the Tukey honestly significant difference test (α=.05). Results The mean (standard deviation) of retentive force values ranged from 108.1 ±29.9 N to 148.3 ±21.0 N. The retentive force values differed significantly between the insert abutment and both the open abutment ( P P P Conclusion Modifying the internal configuration of the screw access channel of an esthetic zirconia implant abutment with a metal insert significantly affected both the cement retained within the abutment itself and the retention capabilities of the zirconia restoration cemented with TempBond NE cement.
Directions in library networking

Bibliographic control before and after MARC is reviewed. The capability of keying into online systems has brought an interdependence among libraries, the service centers that mediate between them, and the large utilities that process and distribute data. From this has developed the basic network structure among libraries in the United States. The independent development of major networks has brought problems in standardization and coordination. The authors point out that while technology has led toward centralization of automated library services, new developments are now pushing toward decentralization. Coordination is a requirement to avoid fragmentation in this new environment.
Motivators of HIV Risk-Taking Behavior of Young Gay Latino Men.

BACKGROUND: Latinos have been disproportionately affected by HIV, placing young Latino men who have sex with men (MSM) at increased risk within this ethnic community.OBJECTIVES:The study explored the lived experience of growing up as a young Latino MSM and motivators to HIV risk behaviors.DESIGN:Five young Latino MSM ages 18 to 25 years were enrolled in a qualitative, phenomenological study using semistructured interviews followed by a HIV risk-taking behavior survey.RESULTS: A relationship was identified between patterns of belonging and self-acceptance of sexual orientation and motivators of HIV sexual risk-taking behavior. La familia, machismo, hiding, and guilt were themes related to belonging and self-acceptance.CONCLUSIONS:The need to belong and be accepted by the family and self-acceptance of sexual orientation are related to the HIV sexual risk-taking behavior of young Latino MSM.J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc, 2008; 14(4), 310-316. DOI: 10.1177/1078390308321926
Superstitious responding and frequency matching in the positive bias and gambler’s fallacy effects

Abstract Three studies showed that success in predicting outcomes of a random binary series was associated with the positive bias effect, whereas failure was associated with the gambler’s fallacy effect. Moreover, success increased confidence and failure decreased it. Although explicit instructions that the source generated random output increased the likelihood of predicting an alternation in the series, these instructions had no effect on the relationships between success and the positive bias effect, and failure and the gambler’s fallacy effect. Importantly, intuitions about the randomness or nonrandomness of the source, assessed immediately prior to each trial, did not influence this interaction. These results suggest that people used a win-stay strategy, but that sensitivity to run length counteracted the corresponding lose-shift tendency. The data support a memory-based explanation of the gambler’s fallacy effect, consistent with the account from local representativeness, but the positive bias effect may be an instance of human superstitious responding.
Is laparoscopic pyloromyotomy superior to open surgery

Background: We set out to determine whether laparoscopic pyloromyotomy (LPM) is superior to open pyloromyotomy (OPM) in babies with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS). Methods: We performed a retrospective study of 36 LPM and 36 OPM. Both groups were comparable in terms of sex, age and weight on admission, and blood pH on admission and prior to surgery. In the LPM group, three trocars were used; in the OPM group, a small right upper quadrant transverse muscle-cutting laparotomy was carried out. Results: LPM produces a better cosmetic result, seems to produce less postoperative discomfort, and results in the absence of conversion in a shorter hospital stay. However, the duration of the operation was significantly longer (32 versus 18 min). Moreover, LPM clearly entailed more complications (three mucosal perforations against two, and two reoperations against none in the open group). Conclusions: The actual series does not favor the laparoscopic approach over the open one, in view of the relatively high complication rate. Babies who are operated laparoscopically, however, seem to have less postoperative discomfort, a shorter hospital stay, and a better cosmetic result. As we are confident that the complication rate and duration of the operation will drop with further experience, we will continue to do LPM. LPM is not easy and should only be carried out when substantial experience has been gained in the field of pediatric laparoscopic surgery.
Algorithmic modifications to the Jacobi-Davidson parallel eigensolver to dynamically balance external CPU and memory load

Clusters of workstations (COWs) and SMPs have become popular and cost effective means of solving scientific problems. Because such environments may be heterogenous and/or time shared, dynamic load balancing is central to achieving high performance. Our thesis is that new levels of sophistication are required in parallel algorithm design and in the interaction of the algorithms with the runtime system. To support this thesis, we illustrate a novel approach for application-level balancing of external CPU and memory load on parallel iterative methods that employ some form of local preconditioning on each node. There are two key ideas. First, because all nodes need not perform their portion of the preconditioning phase to the same accuracy, the code can achieve perfect loadbalance, dynamically adapting to external CPU load, if we stop the preconditioning phase on all processors after a fixed amount of time. Second, if the program detects memory thrashing on a node, it recedes its preconditioning phase from that node, hopefully speeding the completion of competing jobs hence the relinquishing of their resources. We have implemented our load balancing approach in a state-of-the-art, coarse grain parallel Jacobi-Davidson eigensolver. Experimental results show that the new method adapts its algorithm based on runtime system information, without compromising the overall convergence behavior. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the new algorithm in a COW environment under (a) variable CPU load and (b) variable memory availability caused by competing applications.
FUEL VAPOR ACCUMULATION EFFECT ON THE COMBUSTION CHARACTERISTICS OF MULTICOMPONENT FUEL DROPLETS

Abstract The effect of fuel vapor accumulation on the gasification behavior of a multicomponent fuel droplet has been investigated. Expressions for the droplet vaporization rate, flame front standoff ratio and other quantities of interest have been obtained by using a formulation that considers quasi-steady, diffusive-convective transport in the gas phase, and transient diffusive transport within the droplet. Results are presented for the combustion of a bicomponent heptane-decane fuel droplet. It is demonstrated that a significant amount of fuel vapor can be accumulated in the inner zone to the flame, which has a noticeable effect on the droplet gasification behavior since the fuel consumption rate is reduced compared to the vaporization rate. This has important implication for spray flames using multicomponent fuel droplets, since the fuel vapor accumulation can substantially modify the rates of interphase energy and mass transport rates, as well as the fuel vapor distribution in the flow field. Results...
Normal form coefficients for the nonresonant double Hopf bifurcation

Abstract Expressions are given for the coefficients in the normal form for the nondegenerate double Hopf bifurcation when the two frequencies are not in strong resonance.
Fourier critical point analysis: extension to Gaussian lineshapes

Abstract The previous Fourier approach for the determination of critical point parameters is extended to Gaussian-broadened lineshapes. The type broadening is easily reognized in reciprocal space because the variations of ln C n , where the C n are the amplitude coefficients, are linear and quadratic in the index n for Lorentzian and Gaussian broadenings, respectively. In an example application, the broadening mechanism of the E 1 transition of CdTe is shown to be unequivocally Lorentzian.
Measures of scientific growth

Abstract Numbers of publications and citation ratings have recently been used as measures of scientific growth. The present paper discusses a number of presumed weaknesses of these measures. First, a distinction is made among scientific activity, scientific productivity, and scientific progress. Then it is suggested that the above measures might depend on the particular field of science, on the speed whereby research front information becomes archival, on the phenomena of wrong papers and of ‘also ran’ papers, on the geographical differences in communication patterns, on whether we want to measure activity, productivity, or progress, and on the temporal variations in scientific communication patterns. Though some examples are given, the quantitative substantiation of the proposed effects must await further research.
INFORMATION USE AND ABUSE IN THE LOCAL GOVERNANCE OF COMMON-POOL FOREST RESOURCES

ABSTRACT Information can be used to control and to deceive but also to stimulate creativity and the ability to respond to new opportunities. The role of information is especially crucial in the local governance of common-pool forest resources because activities in this field involve a wide variety of actors in different roles, with different interests, and with varying levels of knowledge and skills. In situations of open communication this diversity of actors can be a strength in finding solutions to complex problems. However, the diverse actors often face difficulties communicating with each other and thus fail to capitalize on their diversity. Unless actors are able to develop effective communication, local governance of forest resources is not likely to be successful. Different strategies of finding, processing, and incorporating important information into community forestry decision making are presented and discussed in this article. Traditional, top-down project decision making often induces informa...
Direct tests of microscopic growth models using hot scanning tunneling microscopy movies.

We use a hot scanning tunneling microscope to make time lapse movies of the growth of Si on a Si(001) substrate. In the initial stages of molecular beam epitaxial growth at 530 K, many small one dimensional (1D) islands are formed. The explanation of this curious shape anisotropy has been controversial. We analyze movies acquired during deposition and follow changes in individual islands to find that the growth rate of 1D islands is independent of length, supporting a model of anisotropic sticking to explain island shape anisotropy. We find the ratio of sticking at side sites versus end sites is $0.019\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.003$.
Global compensation of magnetic field errors with minimization of nonlinearities in Poincaré map of a circular accelerator

Abstract The presence of unavoidable multipole field errors in superconducting magnets is one of the main causes for limiting the dynamic aperture of large accelerators. Global compensation of the field errors based on the minimization of nonlinearities in a one-turn map was found to be very effective in reducing the detrimental effects of the field errors. With a few groups of correctors, nonlinear terms in the one-turn map can be minimized order by order and, consequently, the nonlinearity of the system is significantly reduced. This global compensation of the field errors was tested on the LHC collision lattice. It was found that a few low-order correctors can substantially increase the dynamic aperture and improve the linearity of phase-space region occupied by beams. If there is a significant uncertainty in the field measurement, a global compensation based on the measured field may be optimized with a measurement of the one-turn map.
Species-dependent differences in the biochemical effects and metabolism of 5-benzylacyclouridine

The pharmacokinetics and biochemical effects of the uridine phosphorylase (UrdPase) inhibitor 5-benzylacyclouridine (BAU) were investigated in the mouse, rat and monkey. Following i.p. administration of BAU (30 mg/kg) in the mouse and i.v. administration in the rat and monkey, initial BAU plasma half-life values were 36, 36 and 25 min, and the areas under the plasma BAU concentration versus time curves (AUC) were 127, 80 and 76 microM.hr, respectively. Rats were also dosed p.o. and i.v. with BAU at 90 mg/kg, and a comparison of the AUC values showed an oral bioavailability of 70%. Analyses of plasma samples by HPLC indicated that the metabolism of BAU differed in these species. A major BAU metabolite was observed in monkeys. Its concentration was greater than or equal to that of BAU in almost every plasma sample, and its elimination paralleled that of BAU. Urinary recovery of the metabolite was 10-fold higher than the recovery of unchanged drug. The compound was identified as the ether glucuronide of BAU by its UV absorption spectrum, its co-elution with BAU after incubation with beta-glucuronidase, and liquid chromatography/mass spectrum analysis. A different metabolite was detected in rat plasma; its maximum concentration was 15% of the BAU level, and its elution position on the HPLC chromatogram was not affected by the action of beta-glucuronidase. BAU had equivalent potency against UrdPase in liver extracts from the three species, with Ki values of about 0.17 microM. However, the in vivo effects of BAU on plasma uridine concentrations were species dependent. In mice, a 30 mg/kg i.p. dose of BAU increased the plasma uridine concentration to 11 microM from a control level of 1.8 microM. In the rat, a 30 mg/kg i.v. dose of BAU increased plasma uridine to 2.1 from 1.1 microM control levels, and a 300 mg/kg oral dose resulted in a peak plasma uridine concentration of only 6 microM. In the monkey, BAU (30 mg/kg, i.v.) had no effect on plasma uridine despite the presence of 10-100 microM BAU levels in plasma for 1.5 hr. These data show that there are significant differences in the biochemical effects and metabolism of BAU in CD-1 mice, CD rats and cynomolgus monkeys.
Testing for and Dating Common Breaks in Multivariate Time Series

This paper develops methods for constructing asymptotically valid confidence intervals for the date of a single break in multivariate time series, including I(0), I(1), and deterministically trending regressors. Although the width of the asymptotic confidence interval does not decrease as the sample size increases, it is inversely related to the number of series which have a common break date, so there are substantial gains to multivariate inference about break dates. These methods are applied to two empirical examples: the mean growth rate of output in three European countries, and the mean growth rate of U.S. consumption, investment, and output.
Controlled release of proteins from their poly(ethylene glycol) conjugates: Drug delivery systems employing 1,6-elimination

Several tripartate releasable PEG linkers (rPEG) that can provide anchimeric assistance to hydrolysis (cyclization prodrugs) were prepared and, after conjugation to lysozyme demonstrated rapid cleavage in rat plasma compared to nonassisted, permanently bound PEG. By varying the chemical structure and adding steric hindrance, the half-life of the protein conjugates can be adjusted from slow to very fast. The pharmacokinetics (PK) of regeneration of native protein, from various rPEG conjugates can, for the first time, be easily followed in the rat using green fluorescent protein. The PK in mice was also determined for rPEG-Interleukin 2 (rPEG-IL-2) conjugates in vivo using an ELISA assay. Thus, a systematic study of rPEGylated proteins, either in vivo or in vitro during processing, has been investigated based on regeneration of native protein. The employment of releasable PEG polymers substantially broadens the applications of PEGylation drug delivery technology by introducing the benefits of controlled release of native protein therapeutics.
Structure of glassy early-transition-metal-late-transition-metal hydrides

Hydrogen is used as a probe for obtaining structural information on metallic glasses. Results from experimental radial distribution functions of hydrided and unhydrided Zr3Rh and Zr2Pd glasses show a significant change in the nearest-neighbor distance of Zr atoms. The measured distance suggests that hydrogen occupies mainly tetrahedral sites defined by four Zr atoms under normal hydriding conditions (1 atm H2, ∼200°C). A statistical model for these sites based on current dense-random-packing models is in good agreement with the observed absorption capacity for hydrogen. We predict that H-H interaction should limit the upper value of hydrogen content in Zr-based glasses to 2.5 (H/metal atom).
Formycin triphosphate-terbium complex: a novel spectroscopic probe for phosphoryl transfer enzymes

The conditions under which the fluorescent pyrazolopyrimidine nucleotide formycin A triphosphate (7-amino-3-(beta-D-(5'- tripolyphosphate)ribofuranosyl)pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine, FTP) forms a 1:1 complex in solution with Tb3+ have been characterized. The complex has a dissociation constant of approx. 10(-7) M. Within the complex, the luminescence of Tb3+ is dramatically sensitized by energy transfer from formycin. The value for 50% transfer efficiency, Forster's R0 (Forster, T. (1964) in Modern Quantum Chemistry (Sinanoglu, O., ed.), pp. 93-137, Academic Press, New York) was determined to be 3.34 +/- 0.4 A, and the effective distance between the donor and acceptor transition dipoles, R, in the complex was estimated to be 6.6 +/- 1.0 A. The quantum yield of Tb3+ in the complex is sensitive to the number of O-H oscillators bound to the Tb3+, which allows determination of the number of waters bound to it (approx. 4). Preliminary results show that the complex binds to the phosphoryl transfer enzyme hexokinase in the presence of the glucose analogs N-acetylglucosamine, frucose and xylose, which are not phosphorylated by the enzyme. The binding occurs with a loss of energy efficiency consistent with a new distance from the effective transition dipole of formycin to that of terbium of approx. 9.6 A. The FTP-terbium complex can be used as both a spectroscopic and an X-ray diffraction probe. Studies with this compound should be most valuable for correlating solution and crystallographic data.
Particle Deposition in Volumetric Regions of the Human Respiratory Tract

Abstract An aerosol bolus technique was used to estimate where inspired particles deposit in the human respiratory tract. Aerosol boli were introduced at preselected points during an inspiration of 1 litre of air and thus penetrated to different depths in the lungs. Di-2-ethylhexyl sebacate droplets of 1 μm diameter served as aerosol particles. Particle losses in the respiratory tract were calculated from recorded instantaneous particle number concentration and respired volume. The deeper a bolus penetrated into the lungs the larger was dispersion and the larger was the fraction of inspired particles which deposited. Dispersion and deposition could be described by a matrix formalism which revealed that dispersion can be neglected for the estimation of deposition when the entire tidal air contains particles. That portion of the respiratory tract ventilated by a tidal volume of 1 litre was then considered as a series of 10 particle collecting regions. The collection efficiency of a region was found to be larger the deeper the region was located in the lungs. However, particle deposition from a single tidal inspiration of an aerosol increased in the first 4 regions and decreased in the last 4 regions. These data are comparable to data that were computed from mathematical deposition models and may be used to evaluate their accuracy.
Psychological treatment of binge eating and bulimia nervosa

In the United States a wide range of different psychological methods are used to treat binge eating and bulimia nervosa. These include various psychodynamic therapies (Tobin, 1993), different family therapies (Schwartz, Barrett & Saba, 1985), cognitive-behavioral therapy (Fairburn, Agras & Wilson, 1992), feminist approaches (Fallon, Katzman & Wooley, 1994), and methods derived from a 12-step model of binge eating as a form of addiction (Wilson, 1993). It is probably fair to say that the choice of treatment primarily reflects the theoretical predilections and training of individual practitioners or the broader setting in which they work. Of this panoply of treatments, only cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and to a much lesser extent interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT), have been systematically evaluated in controlled clinical research.
Viral nucleic acid synthesis in HSV infected neural cells

HSV-1 replication and synthesis of viral DNA and RNA have been examined in gliomas of human (COX) and rat origin (C6) and in mouse neuroblastomas (D2). COX cells fully support HSV-1 replication and show patterns of viral DNA and RNA synthesis similar to those seen in continuous line cells. HSV-1 also grows to high titers in D2 cells but without concomitant high levels of viral DNA and RNA synthesis in the infected cells. Finally, HSV-1 established a persistent infection in C6 cells. Viral mRNA and DNA synthesis could not be detected in these cultures. At cycles of approximately 15–20 days, the persistently infected cultures exhibited massive CPE and relatively high production of infectious HSV.
Examinee attitudes toward computer-administered ability testing

Abstract This study tested a recursive causal model for explaining the attitudes of a sample of clerical employees toward computer-administered ability testing. Immediately following a comprehensive, 2 1/2 hour computer-administered testing session, the examinees responded to a short attitude questionnaire. A factor analysis of the attitudinal items produced two factors labeled: General Acceptance of Computer-Administered Testing and Ease of Taking a Computer-Administered Test. A theoretical-causal model was developed to evaluate the effects of ability (verbal, numerical, and perceptual abilities assessed via the computer), experience (word processing experience, computer-related experience), and demographic (educational level) variables posited as determinants of the two attitude factors. The results provided adequate support for a preliminary model and strong support for a revised model. A noteworthy finding was the relatively strong impact of Numerical Ability test performance on General Acceptance of Computer-Administered Testing and Ease of Taking a Computer-Administered Test. Some limitations of the study as well as the implications of the present findings for researchers and practitioners are discussed.
Application of the parabolic equation to the outdoor propagation of sound

Abstract A wide-angle parabolic equation has been developed for atmospheric sound propagation above locally reacting surfaces. The method considers only outward-going lateral waves in computation of the acoustic field. It is applied to a propagation problem over flat, open, finite impedance ground and to realistic atmospheric profiles. The comparisons with data exhibit good agreement (1–2 dB) in most downward-refracting cases and all low-frequency cases examined. The high-frequency, upward-refracting predictions contained dramatic shadow zones that were not as pronounced in the data.
The Extraction of Pectins from Apple Marc Preparations

SUMMARY Methods of preparing alcohol-insoluble solids from apple tissue and different extractives were compared. Marked differences were found in extractability of peetins present in marts prepared in various ways from the same lot of apples. Enzymatic browning during preparation markedly decreased the solubility of pectins but did not alter the composition of pectins extracted. The solubility of pectins present in fresh or dried commercial apple pomace was markedly lower than that from carefully prepared non-oxidized apple tissue. Pretreatment of browned mart preparations with chlorous acid bleached the mares, yielded colorless pectins, and increased yields with some preparations. A variety of solvents were used, and the yield of pectins obtained differed markedly. The pectins extracted were precipitated by alcohol and characterized by determination of anhydrogalacturonide content and esterification degree. Some measurements of intrinsic viscosity were made, but without extensive studies of the molecular weight and degree of polymerization.
THE COMMUNALLY DERIVED ETHNIC SELF in Richard Rodriguez's Hunger of Memory

This essay offers a reinterpretation of conventional readings of the connection between individualist and assimilationist arguments in Hunger of Memory, and a reconsideration of Rodriguez's depiction of the ethnic self. Ultimately, Rodriguez's individualist stance is a surface posture, underneath which one finds a more fundamental desire for community.
Intracellular analysis of antidromically and synaptically activated nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis neurons

On a enregistre les potentiels electriques monoet poly-synaptiques (EPSPs) des cellules du nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis en stimulant le nucleus interpositus (NI), le brachium conjunctivum (BC) et le pedoncule cerebelleux. Les experiences de collision ont montre que des axones des cellules NRTP activent leurs neurones via BC. Quelques potentiels postsynaptiques exitateurs induits par le nucleus interpositus ont ete inverses par un courant depolarisant applique au voisinage de la microelectrode de derivation, ce qui indique que les terminaisons synaptiques d'axones NI se trouvent pres du sommet des cellules NRTP.
Structural basis for the activation of anthrax adenylyl cyclase exotoxin by calmodulin.

Oedema factor, a calmodulin-activated adenylyl cyclase, is important in the pathogenesis of anthrax. Here we report the X-ray structures of oedema factor with and without bound calmodulin. Oedema factor shares no significant structural homology with mammalian adenylyl cyclases or other proteins. In the active site, 3′-deoxy-ATP and a single metal ion are well positioned for catalysis with histidine 351 as the catalytic base. This mechanism differs from the mechanism of two-metal-ion catalysis proposed for mammalian adenylyl cyclases. Four discrete regions of oedema factor form a surface that recognizes an extended conformation of calmodulin, which is very different from the collapsed conformation observed in other structures of calmodulin bound to effector peptides. On calmodulin binding, an oedema factor helical domain of relative molecular mass 15,000 undergoes a 15 A translation and a 30° rotation away from the oedema factor catalytic core, which stabilizes a disordered loop and leads to enzyme activation. These allosteric changes provide the first molecular details of how calmodulin modulates one of its targets.
Effects of PDGF-BB on rat dermal fibroblast behavior in mechanically stressed and unstressed collagen and fibrin gels

The dose-response effects of platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) on rat dermal fibroblast (RDF) behavior in mechanically stressed and unstressed type I collagen and fibrin were investigated using quantitative assays developed in our laboratory. In chemotaxis experiments, RDFs responded optimally (P < 0.05) to a gradient of 10 ng/ml PDGF-BB in both collagen and fibrin. In separate experiments, the migration of RDFs and the traction exerted by RDFs in the presence of PDGF-BB (0, 0.1, 1, 10, or 100 ng/ml) were assessed simultaneously in the presence or absence of stress. RDF migration increased significantly (P < 0.05) at doses of 10 and 100 ng/ml PDGF-BB in collagen and fibrin in the presence and absence of stress. In contrast, the effects of PDGF-BB on RDF traction depended on the gel type and stress state. PDGF-BB decreased fibroblast traction in stressed collagen, but increased traction in unstressed collagen (P < 0.05). No statistical conclusion could be inferred for stressed fibrin, but increasing PDGF-BB decreased traction in unstressed fibrin (P < 0.05). These results demonstrate the complex response of fibroblasts to environmental cues and suggest that mechanical resistance to compaction may be a crucial element in dictating fibroblast behavior.
Real-Time Pitch Spelling Using the Spiral Array

This article describes and presents a real-time bootstrapping algorithm for pitch spelling based on the Spiral Array Model (Chew 2000). Pitch spelling is the process of assigning appropriate pitch names that are consistent with the key context of numeric representations of pitch, such as MIDI or pitch class numbers. The Spiral Array Model is a spatial model for representing pitch relations in the tonal system. It has been shown to be an effective tool for tracking evolving key contexts (Chew 2001, 2002). Our pitch-spelling method derives primarily from a twopart process consisting of the determining of context-defining windows and pitch-name assignment using the Spiral Array. The method assigns the appropriate pitch names without having to first ascertain the key. The Spiral Array Model clusters together closely related pitches and summarizes note content by spatial points in the interior of the structure. These interior points, called centers of effect (CEs), approximate and track the key context for the purpose of pitch spelling. The appropriate letter name is assigned to each pitch through a nearestneighbor search in the Spiral Array space. The algorithms use windows of varying sizes for determining local and long-term tonal contexts using the Spiral Array Model.
The Effect of Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy on Hemoglobin A1c Levels in Persons With Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Periodontitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Importance Chronic periodontitis, a destructive inflammatory disorder of the supporting structures of the teeth, is prevalent in patients with diabetes. Limited evidence suggests that periodontal therapy may improve glycemic control. Objective To determine if nonsurgical periodontal treatment reduces levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA 1c ) in persons with type 2 diabetes and moderate to advanced chronic periodontitis. Design, Setting, and Participants The Diabetes and Periodontal Therapy Trial (DPTT), a 6-month, single-masked, multicenter, randomized clinical trial. Participants had type 2 diabetes, were taking stable doses of medications, had HbA 1c levels between 7% and less than 9%, and untreated chronic periodontitis. Five hundred fourteen participants were enrolled between November 2009 and March 2012 from diabetes and dental clinics and communities affiliated with 5 academic medical centers. Interventions The treatment group (n = 257) received scaling and root planing plus chlorhexidine oral rinse at baseline and supportive periodontal therapy at 3 and 6 months. The control group (n = 257) received no treatment for 6 months. Main Outcomes and Measures Difference in change in HbA 1c level from baseline between groups at 6 months. Secondary outcomes included changes in probing pocket depths, clinical attachment loss, bleeding on probing, gingival index, fasting glucose level, and Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA2) score. Results Enrollment was stopped early because of futility. At 6 months, mean HbA 1c levels in the periodontal therapy group increased 0.17% (SD, 1.0), compared with 0.11% (SD, 1.0) in the control group, with no significant difference between groups based on a linear regression model adjusting for clinical site (mean difference, −0.05% [95% CI, −0.23% to 0.12%]; P = .55). Periodontal measures improved in the treatment group compared with the control group at 6 months, with adjusted between-group differences of 0.28 mm (95% CI, 0.18 to 0.37) for probing depth, 0.25 mm (95% CI, 0.14 to 0.36) for clinical attachment loss, 13.1% (95% CI, 8.1% to 18.1%) for bleeding on probing, and 0.27 (95% CI, 0.17 to 0.37) for gingival index ( P Conclusions and Relevance Nonsurgical periodontal therapy did not improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes and moderate to advanced chronic periodontitis. These findings do not support the use of nonsurgical periodontal treatment in patients with diabetes for the purpose of lowering levels of HbA 1c . Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NCT00997178
Towards README-EVAL : Interpreting README File Instructions

This abstract describes README-EVAL, a novel measure for semantic parsing evaluation of interpreters for instructions in computer program README files. That is enabled by leveraging the tens of thousands of Open Source Software programs that have been annotated by package maintainers of GNU/Linux operating systems. We plan to make available a public shared implementation of this evaluation.
Software portability gains realized with METAH and Ada95

MetaH is an Architecture Description Language (ADL) developed to express and evaluate the software architecture of avionics and flight control systems. It is intended for not only description and analysis, but also for integration of the software components on the specified embedded hardware. This automated composition to specification with glue code generation allows rapid development and evolution of real-time embedded mission and safety critical systems. It also provides very high portability in these complex systems for software application code across various execution environments. This is accomplished by leveraging language and O/S standards, minimizing component dependencies, and by constructing component timing relationships to specification across differing execution platforms.This paper describes MetaH and provides the results of porting a highly time sensitive application across significantly different embedded hardware/software execution environments. We initially developed a reusable MetaH specification for missile architectures, populated it with software components reengineered from a production missile system, and executed it on single and dual i80960MC target configurations. We then retargeted this application to single and dual Pentium target configurations; and to a single PowerPC configuration. We compare the costs of these exercises with estimated costs to do the same tasks using traditional methods.In each of these cases the high portability and supported functionality of Ada95 was a significant enabler. Current trends say that future avionics systems and perhaps other safety critical applications will require space and time partitioning. Should Ada95 and the Ravenscar profile support these capabilities?
Amplitude modulation issues in Doppler radar heart signal extraction

Medical Doppler radar research has largely been limited to obtaining respiratory and heart rates. While this information is vital for many applications, medical Doppler radar signatures carry significant other information that could lead to cardiopulmonary volume assessments, including cardiac stroke volume (SV), and cardiac output (CO). Accurate recovery of heart signal amplitude is required for these assessments. This paper presents the first analysis of amplitude modulation artifacts on heart signal recovery in Doppler radar systems. The sources of amplitude modulation artifacts are identified, including limitations of linear demodulation, and inherent affects of respiratory signal harmonics on heart signals. Experimental and simulation results demonstrate the validity of this analysis, and outline the path towards successful heart signal amplitude recovery.
Bus lanes with intermittent priority: Strategy formulae and an evaluation

This paper evaluates strategies for operating buses on signal-controlled arterials using special lanes that are made intermittently available to general traffic. The advantage of special bus lanes, intermittent or dedicated, is that they free buses from traffic interference; the disadvantage is that they disrupt traffic. We find that bus lanes with intermittent priority (BLIPs), unlike dedicated ones, do not significantly reduce street capacity. Intermittence, however, increases the average traffic density at which the demand is served, and as a result increases traffic delay. These delays are more than offset by the benefits to bus passengers as long as traffic demand does not exceed by much the maximum flow possible on the non-special lanes; the smaller the excess the better. BLIPs are not intended for roadways nearing or in excess of capacity. The main factors determining whether an intermittent system saves time are: the traffic saturation level; the bus frequency; the improvement in bus travel time achieved by the special lane; and the ratio of bus and car occupant flows. In some scenarios where a dedicated bus lane could not be operated, a BLIP can save to bus and car occupants together as much as 20 persons-min of travel per bus-km. The required conditions for this to happen are quite particular. Typical savings are smaller. Formulae are given.
Balloon angioplasty of recoarctation of the neoaortic arch after the Norwood operation: factors affecting outcome and recurrence.

Background Balloon angioplasty (BA) is effective in relieving neoaorta recoarctation (reCoa) after the Norwood procedure. However, recurrence is not uncommon and risk factors for success and recurrence require further elucidation. We report the results of BA for reCoa following the Norwood procedure. We examine acute results and risk factors associated with success and recurrence after BA. Methods Patients who underwent BA between November 2000 and June 2010 were studied. Factors for immediate success and recurrence after BA were determined using logistic regression. Recurrence-free survival was evaluated using the Kaplan–Meier curve. Results Forty-seven angioplasties were performed in 39 patients. Mean age at catheterization was 5.0 ± 4.1 months. BA was successful in 40 angioplasties (85.1%). A higher preprocedure gradient across the coarctation (P = 0.04) and a higher ratio of balloon to descending aorta (P = 0.01) were associated with success. Six patients required redilation. Risk factors for recurrence included older age at Norwood (P = 0.02), younger age (P = 0.03), lower weight (P = 0.04) and smaller body surface area at balloon angioplasty (BA) (P = 0.04), and shorter duration between surgery and angioplasty (P = 0.03). Freedom from recurrence from the first catheterization was 82% after 6 months and 78% after 1 year. There were no neurologic sequelae or deaths. Conclusions BA is effective acutely and long term with limited morbidity and mortality. Recurrence occurs usually within the first year. Delay in performing the initial angioplasty may be beneficial in reducing the risk of recurrence, but further study is needed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
COLLECTING ABORIGINAL ART IN THE AUSTRALIAN NATION: TWO CASE STUDIES

How Aboriginal acrylic painting came to be reframed as “high art” is an interesting ethnohistorical question. Scholars have traced the increasing frequency of the exhibition of Aboriginal Australian acrylic painting and the increasing emphasis on the framework of fine art and contemporary fine art in these exhibitions. Individual artists come prominently into attention, both in the press and also—eventually—with one-person exhibitions. In this article I delineate the collecting practices and ideologies that lie at the foundation of two of the important early collections of acrylic painting in Australia—that of Tim and Vivien Johnson (which was gifted eventually to the Art Gallery of New South Wales) and that of Dame Margaret Carnegie (some of which was gifted to the Art Gallery of Victoria). My aim is to explore the differences in their understanding of the art and its importance as part of a more concrete analysis of the forms of cultural convergence between Aboriginal culture and particular formations in the larger social world in which it came to circulate. These processes involve Australia's distinction as a nation as well as its postcolonial emergence from British domination toward varying forms of nationalist cosmopolitanism.