cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Growth hormone reduces glucose transport but not GLUT-1 or GLUT-4 in adult and old rats

The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of administration of recombinant-derived human growth hormone (rhGH) to adult male rats of several ages (9, 20, and 31 mo) on skeletal muscle glucose transport. Rats were injected with rhGH (0.7 mg/kg) or vehicle twice daily for 10 days. The rhGH treatment led to a doubling of circulating insulin-like growth factor I levels at each age. Skeletal muscle glucose transport activity was evaluated in isolated epitrochlearis muscle with use of 3-O-methylglucose at three insulin concentrations (0, 100, and 20,000 microU/ml). The results indicate that, after 10 days of rhGH administration, 1) an approximately 20-30% reduction in basal glucose transport activity was evident in muscles from every age group, 2) the ability of a submaximally effective insulin concentration (100 microU/ml) to increase glucose transport activity above basal values was not significantly reduced in any age group, 3) maximal insulin-stimulated glucose transport activity (with 20,000 microU/ml) was significantly reduced (approximately 40%) by rhGH treatment only in the oldest rats, and 4) the alterations in glucose transport activity occurred despite no change in skeletal muscle GLUT-1 or GLUT-4 protein levels.
Russia at War: Chechnya, Georgia, and Theories of Foreign Policy

This paper considers the recent Russian conflicts in Chechnya and Georgia under the umbrella of four theories of Russian foreign policy. The historical continuity theory sees Imperial Russia, the Soviet Union, and the modern Russian Federation as primordially aggressive and imperialist, and interprets recent aggressive moves in that light. The imposed insecurity theory holds that Russian stability depends on the instability of its neighbors in its perceived sphere of influence. The diversionary tensions theory sees foreign conflict as a means of solidifying domestic opinion behind the government's policy and against the corrosive influences of the West. The economic enabling theory sees economic prosperity as a prerequisite to a restoration of Russian prominence on the world stage. This paper considers the recent conflict between Russia and Georgia over the regions of South Ossetia and Abkhazia as well as two-decade-long conflict in the Chechnya region. In studying a domestic conflict (Chechnya) as well as the more recent international incident, the paper shows the overlap between Russian foreign and domestic policy, finding distinctive policy patterns in post-Soviet Russian policy on both levels.
IEEE big data 2017 panel discussion on bias and transparency

In January 2017, the ACM US Public Policy Council released a report on algorithmic transparency and accountability (ACM US Public Policy Council, 2017) which outlined several characteristics for algorithms to be considered transparent and accountable:
Association of Electronic Cigarette Vaping and Cigarette Smoking With Decreased Random Flap Viability in Rats

ImportanceSmoking is a known risk to wound healing, but whether electronic cigarettes present the same risk remains unknown. ObjectiveTo evaluate the rate of flap necrosis in the e-cigarette vapor–...
Coordinated Turn Trajectory Generation and Tracking Control for Multi-Rotors Operating in Urban Environment

The paper presents an efficient trajectory generation and tracking approach for multi-rotor air vehicles operating in urban environment, which takes into account uncertainties in the urban wind field and in the vehicle's parameters. Generated trajectories are sufficiently smooth, based on the differential flatness of the vehicle's dynamics and optimal in the sense of minimum agility and time. They pass through given set of way points, guarantee flight without a side-slip, and satisfy vehicle's dynamics and actuator constraints. In addition, an algorithm is presented to compute the required power to traverse the generated trajectory. Presented algorithms are implementable in real time using on-board computers. They do not take into account the vehicle's existing flight controller, hence there is no guarantee that the controller will be able to provide acceptable tracking of the generated trajectory, especially in the presence of atmospheric disturbances. To this end, we propose an adaptive augmentation algorithm to improve vehicle's performance by taking into account the effects of disturbances and on-line estimates of vehicle's existing flight controller's gains. The algorithms have been verified by simulations using DJI S1000 octocopter's model.
2363: Ventriculo-arterial coupling and left ventricular mechanical work in systolic and diastolic heart failure

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Our goal was to compare the ventriculo-arterial coupling and left ventricular mechanical work of patients with systolic and diastolic heart failure (SHF and DHF). METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Patients with New York Heart Association Functional Class II-III HF symptoms were included. SHF was defined as left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction 50%. Analysis of the fingertip arterial blood pressure tracing captured with a finger plethysmography cuff according to device-specific algorithms provided brachial artery blood pressure and stroke volume. LV end-systolic volume was measured separately via transthoracic echocardiography. Arterial elastance (Ea), a measure of pulsatile and nonpulsatile LV afterload, was calculated as LV end-systolic pressure (ESP)/end-diastolic volume. End-systolic elastance (Ees), a measure of load-independent LV contractility, was calculated as LV ESP/end-systolic volume. Ventriculo-arterial coupling (VAC) ratio was defined as Ea/Ees. Stroke work (SWI) was calculated as stroke volume index×LV end-systolic pressure×0.0136 and potential energy index (PEI) as 1/2×(LV end-systolic volume×LV end-systolic pressure×0.0136). Total work index (TWI) was the sum of SWI+PEI. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Patients with SHF (n=52) and DHF (n=29) were evaluated. Median (IQR) age was 57 (51–64) years. There were 48 (58%) and 59 (71%) patients were male and African American, respectively. Cardiac index was 2.8 (2.2–3.2) L/minute and 3.0 (2.8–3.3) L/minute in SHF and DHF, respectively (p=0.12). Self-reported activity levels (Duke Activity Status Index, p=0.48) and heart failure symptoms (Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire, p=0.55) were not different between SHF and DHF. Ea was significantly lower in DHF compared with SHF patients [1.3 (1.2–1.6) vs. 1.7 (1.4–2.0) mmHg; p<0.001] whereas Ees was higher in DHF vs. SHF [2.8 (2.1–3.1) vs. 0.9 (0.7-1.3) mmHg; p<0.001). VAC was 1.8 (1.3–2.8) in SHF Versus 0.5 (0.4–0.7) in DHF (p<0.001). Compared with SHF, DHF patients had higher SWI [71 (57–83) vs. 48 (39–68) gm×m; p<0.001) and lower PEI [19 (12–26) vs. 44 (36–57) gm×m; p<0.001]. TWI did not differ between SHF and DHF (p=0.14). Work efficiency was higher in DHF than SHF [0.80 (0.74–0.84) vs. 0.53 (0.46–0.64); p<0.001]. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: The results underscore the differences in pathophysiology between SHF and DHF patients with similar symptom burden and exercise capacity. These results highlight the difference in myocardial energy utilization between SHF and DHF.
Recalibrating micro and macro social work: student perceptions of social action

ABSTRACTAs underscored by their professional code of ethics, all social workers are called to engage in social action that advances social justice. Yet, the focus of the profession has drifted towa...
Violation of continuous variable EPR steering with discrete measurements

We create a stronger EPR-steering inequality for continuous variables using entropic uncertainty. We explore the asymmetry in this inequality and develop a new symmetric inequality. We also violate these inequalities in experiment.
An Architecture to Support Real-World Studies that Investigate the Autonomic Nervous System

Diabetes is a chronic disease with complications related to the autonomic nervous system (ANS) that can affect quality of life and lead to mortality. Clinicians and researchers currently rely on subjective and/or invasive means that don’t necessarily translate to real-world setting when assessing severity of certain diabetes complications. We elicited use-cases of studies aimed at understanding ANS in the context of diabetes to gather system requirements for designing an architecture to support sensor-based studies. Real-world studies would need to be capable of gathering contextual data as well as proxies for ANS symptoms from digital markers from an evolving sensor landscape, while also supporting the data needs of researchers before, during, and after data acquisition. The proposed architecture makes use of open source and commercially available mobile health technologies, and informatics platforms to meet the design criteria. Building and testing a prototype of the proposed architecture is planned to confirm the system performs as expected.
Polymicrobial infection confined to Ahmed glaucoma shunt.

Abstract Purpose To present a case of a unique complication of an Ahmed glaucoma shunt. The pathological and immunohistochemical findings will also be discussed. Observations A 58-year-old woman with glaucoma secondary to Marfan syndrome and cataract surgery developed exposure of an Ahmed glaucoma tube, intraluminal white inflammatory material, and low-grade endophthalmitis five years after insertion. The patient was treated with topical and oral antibiotics and successfully underwent removal and replacement of the shunt. Pathologic analysis of the intraluminal contents revealed a bacterial infiltrate of mixed morphology. Conclusions and Importance Concurrent tube exposure, intraluminal exudates, and endophthalmitis is a rare but potentially serious complication of glaucoma drainage device surgery. When this complication is encountered, prompt medical and surgical intervention is necessary to prevent significant vision loss. Ultimately, the glaucoma shunt may be revised, replaced, or removed altogether from the eye.
Meeting Temporary Facility Energy Demand With Climate-Optimized Off-Grid Energy Systems

Remote and contingency operations, including military and disaster-relief activities, often require the use of temporary facilities powered by inefficient diesel generators that are expensive to operate and maintain. Site planners can reduce operating costs by increasing shelter insulation and augmenting generators with photovoltaic-battery hybrid energy systems, but they must select the optimal design configuration based on the region’s climate to meet the power demand at the lowest cost. To assist planners, this paper proposes an innovative, climate-optimized, hybrid energy system selection model capable of selecting the facility insulation type, solar array size, and battery backup system to minimize the annual operating cost. To demonstrate the model’s capability in various climates, model performance was evaluated for applications in southwest Asia and the Caribbean. For a facility in Southwest Asia, the model reduced fuel consumption by 93% and saved $271 thousand compared to operating a diesel generator. The simulated facility in the Caribbean resulted in more significant savings, decreasing fuel consumption by 92% and saving $291 thousand. This capability is expected to support planners of remote sites in their ongoing effort to minimize fuel supply requirements and annual operating costs of temporary facilities.
Productive Forces in the Coir Industry

This chapter examines the constraints and contradictions faced in the development of productive forces in the coir industry. The chapter is divided into six sections, including the introduction and conclusion. Section 2 follows the introduction and describes the simple labor process in the coir industry, including the nature of the means of production and the types of labor used. The next section describes the spatial organization of productive forces across Kerala and the coir belt. Section 4 examines the production and export trends of coir in/from India and Kerala. It also looks at the levels of productivity, the state-initiated technological changes promoting productivity and the contradictions surrounding the technological changes in the coir industry. The final section concludes the main findings of this chapter.
Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in clinical practice

‘Enhanced Recovery After Surgery’ (ERAS) protocols are an evidence-based, multidisciplinary system for patient care that— since its emergence in 2001— has shown remarkable efficacy in reducing surgical complications, shortening length of stay (LoS), and the incidence of hospital re-admission. Unfortunately, wide spread acceptance of ERAS has been slow, as it conflicts with some traditional perioperative care practices. However, with protocol compliance >70%, studies have shown significant reduction in mortality and postsurgical complications, with 30-50% reduction in LoS and approximately a 50% reduction in complications.
Evaluation of Multiradar Multisensor and Stage IV Quantitative Precipitation Estimates during Hurricane Harvey

AbstractRadar-based quantitative precipitation estimate (QPE) serves as input for flood forecasting, and its importance gets magnified during catastrophic storms, e.g., Hurricane Harvey in 2017. Th...
Patterns and predictors of soil organic carbon storage across a continental-scale network

The rarity of rapid campaigns to characterize soils across scales limits opportunities to investigate variation in soil carbon stocks (SOC) storage simultaneously at large and small scales, with and without site-level replication. We used data from two complementary campaigns at 40 sites in the United States across the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON), in which one campaign sampled profiles from closely co-located intensive plots and physically composited similar horizons, and the other sampled dozens of pedons across the landscape at each site. We demonstrate some consistencies between these distinct designs, while also revealing that within-site replication reveals patterns and predictors of SOC stocks not detectable with non-replicated designs. Both designs demonstrate that SOC stocks of whole soil profiles vary across continental-scale climate gradients. However, broad climate patterns may mask the importance of localized variation in soil physicochemical properties, as captured by within-site sampling, especially for SOC stocks of discrete genetic horizons. Within-site replication also reveals examples in which expectations based on readily explained continental-scale patterns do not hold. For example, even wide-ranging drainage class sequences within landscapes do not duplicate the clear differences in profile SOC stocks across drainage classes at the continental scale, and physicochemical factors associated with increasing B horizon SOC stocks at continental scales frequently do not follow the same patterns within landscapes. Because inferences from SOC studies are a product of their context (where, when, how), this study provides context—in terms of SOC stocks and the factors that influence them—for others assessing soils and the C cycle at NEON sites.
Serum trough levels of infliximab are not associated with peripheral arthralgia activity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Background Infliximab is an efficacious therapy for inflammatory bowel disease and may play a role in management of some extraintestinal manifestations. While higher trough levels of infliximab are associated with higher rates of disease remission, the association between trough levels of infliximab and arthralgia activity characterised as an extraintestinal manifestation has yet to be defined. Objective We aimed to assess the association between serum trough levels of infliximab and peripheral arthralgia activity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Design In this cross-sectional study, we identified patients with inflammatory bowel disease on infliximab therapy with known history of arthralgias attributed to an extraintestinal manifestation. Collected variables included disease phenotype, medications (such as thiopurines or methotrexate), Harvey Bradshaw Index, partial Mayo score, C reactive protein, trough levels of infliximab and anti-infliximab antibodies. The primary outcome was active patient-reported arthralgia. Results Out of 267 patients included, 65 (24.4%) had active arthralgias at the time the trough level of infliximab was measured. No significant differences in trough levels were seen between those patients with and without arthralgias. Patients on combination therapy with methotrexate or thiopurines or those with detectable anti-infliximab antibodies were not more likely to have inactive arthralgias (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.57 to 1.74, p=0.99 and OR 1.94, 95% CI 0.9 to 4.1, p=0.09, respectively). Conclusions This study suggests that although therapeutic drug monitoring of infliximab can have a role in the management of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, it does not seem to be useful in managing arthralgias associated with inflammatory bowel disease.
Research Update: Orbital polarization in LaNiO3-based heterostructures

The relative energies and occupancies of valence orbital states can dramatically influence collective electronic and magnetic phenomena in correlated transition metal oxide systems. We review the current state of research on the modification and control of these orbital properties in rare-earth nickelates, especially LaNiO3, a model degenerate d orbital system where significant recent progress has been made. Theoretical and experimental results on thin films and heterostructures are described, including the influence of electronic correlation effects. We highlight the latest approaches to achieving non-degenerate bands and discuss the outlook and applicability of this body of knowledge to other correlated metal oxide systems.
Psychotherapy Process Research

Psychotherapy process research is the scientific study of the psychological interactions and transformations that constitute psychotherapy. The purview of therapy process research includes all the varied forms and methods of psychosocial treatment for psychological illness and distress, whether those be called psychotherapy, therapeutic counseling, psychoanalysis, behavioral modification, growth-facilitiation, or some other term. Scientific research on psychotherapy began in the years just before and after the middle of the twentieth century and since then has become a thriving interdisciplinary field. Initial studies tended to differentiate between outcome research, which focuses on the impact of treatment on patients, and process research, which examines the essential events of therapy. Process researchers typically examine the verbal and nonverbal communications that occur between patients and therapists in therapy sessions, focusing on the treatment methods used by therapists and patients' reactions to these, on the interpersonal relationship that develops between patient and therapist during treatment, and on patients' and therapists' experiences of therapy. Process researchers also study the changes that patients undergo as their psychological and emotional states improve. This article discusses basic concepts and methods of psychotherapy process research, and summarizes the most robust findings linking specific aspects of process to patients' positive treatment outcomes.
Stability and Changes in Living Arrangement Among Unmarried Older Persons: The Influence of Housing Environments

Abstract Using data from the first two waves of the Asset and Health Dynamics among the Oldest Old (AHEAD), this study examined (1) housing characteristics of elders by their baseline living arrangements: living alone, with adult children/grandchildren, and with others; and (2) whether the baseline housing characteristics were likely to be directly or indirectly associated with the subsequent stability or changes in independent living arrangement over a two-year period. Housing characteristics included were ownership status, features of structural amenities, and housing type (senior housing, with or without supportive services, and housing not specifically for seniors), and elders' self-ratings of the physical condition of their housing and the safety of their neighborhood. The results of hierarchical multinomial logistic regression analysis show that these housing variables did not mediate the direct effect of the elders' health status on their transition into coresidence with children/other relatives or...
The Millennial Generation and “The Lecture”

In this 30-minute talk, we will briefly discuss the characteristics of the Millennial Generation and explore in depth how these characteristics relate to their ability, or inability, to learn productively in a traditional lecture-style format. This discussion will encompass both a review of the current literature and survey results from the current emergency medicine residents at Hennepin County Medical Center regarding techniques they find effective and engaging during “the lecture” or other large group educational sessions. The goal of this talk is to expand or refine the armamentarium of tools to use when designing your large-group educational sessions, to maximize the learning and retention of information for your students.
Natural Deformation of Rock and Stone

Most rocks were exposed to stresses in the earth’s crust in the geologic past. Such stresses cause cracking and faulting under near-surface brittle conditions, folding if more plastic, as at greater depth. The stresses are compressional, tensional or shear. The variety and combination of deformational features is almost unlimited and the basic concepts of faulting and folding are found in basic textbooks of physical geology, to which the reader is referred. This book deals with only those simple rock structures which influence the stone appearance, the stone quality and quarry operations.
Structural features that optimize high temperature superconductivity

For example, various defects can be introduced into the blocking layer to provide the optimum carrier concentration, but defects that form in or adjacent to the CuO{sub 2} layers will lower T{sub c} and eventually destroy superconductivity. After these requirements are satisfied, the highest T{sub c}`s are observed for compounds (such as the HgBa{sub 2}Ca{sub n-1}CuO{sub 2n{plus}2{plus}x} family) that have flat and square CuO{sub 2} planes and long apical Cu-O bonds. This conclusion is confirmed by the study of materials in which the flatness of the CuO{sub 2} plane can be varied in a systematic way. In more recent work, attention has focused on how the structure can be modified, for example, by chemical substitution, to improve flux pinning properties. Two strategies are being investigated: (1) Increasing the coupling of pancake vortices to form vortex-lines by shortening or ``metallizing`` the blocking layer; and (2) the formation of defects that pin flux.
Design of Browns Ferry Chimney

The design of a chimney used to dilute and disperse slightly radioactive gases at TVA’s Browns Ferry Nuclear Plant is described. The chimney is designed for 100 mph winds, earthquakes, direct hits by tornados, and a resonant wind force. Due to the proximity of the chimney to important structures, any possibility of it breaking near its based and falling on those structures had to be eliminated. A weaker section is therefore designed into its upper portion. A catastrophic wind force would then collapse the upper portion prior to a possible destruction of the lower part. Both the working stress design specified by the chimney code and an ultimate strength design are used.
Atmospheric backscatter vertical profiles at 9.2 and 10.6 μm: a comparative study

The paper reports a series of atmospheric aerosol backscatter measurements at two widely spaced CO2 laser wavelengths: 9.25 and 10.6 microns. Comparisons are made between backscatter coefficient profiles at these two wavelengths up to 20-km altitude. Measurements such as those reported here can be used to assess the feasibility of coherent CO2 lidar for wind measurements, and they also provide a partial test of backscatter model predictions.
Factors Influencing Aflatoxin Accumulation in Peanut Kernels and the Associated Mycoflora

Accumulation of aflatoxin in Spanish peanut kernel samples from different geographical areas in Texas during 1966, as detected by the thin-layer chromatographic method, was relatively low. Analysis of samples obtained from growers using artificial drying equipment (forced air and supplemental heat), when windrow conditions were unfavorable for rapid drying, suggests that this practice reduces the possibility of aflatoxin accumulation. In general, peanuts harvested from land planted to peanuts the previous year were more highly infested with fungi and contained more aflatoxin than peanuts grown on land planted with rye, oats, melons, or potatoes the previous year. Aflatoxin incidence tended to decrease from south to north Texas. These findings verify previous research observations that moist tropical climates are conducive to fungal infestation and aflatoxin accumulation. Detection of aflatoxin in sound mature kernels (kernels screened for minimal size) indicates that the practice of screening for removal of small immature kernels and removal of obviously damaged kernels does not completely eliminate aflatoxin contamination.
Effect of Fluorine on Life Span of Rachitic Rats.

SummaryFluorine, when added to a rachitogenic diet, appears to increase the life span of rats.The authors wish to acknowledge the many suggestions of Drs. H. C. Hodge, K. Morgareidge, J. F. Volkart and D. B. Ast.
Comparison of Exercise Performance on Rowing and Cycle Ergometers.

Abstract Only limited information is available evaluating exercise performance on the rowing ergometer with other standard methods of testing. To further investigate physiologic capacity and cardiorespiratory responses during rowing, we compared results from progressive, incremental exercise to exhaustion on the variable-resistance rowing ergometer and on the cycle ergometer in 17 untrained female subjects and 12 collegiate women rowers. Maximal oxygen consumption ([Vdot]RO2max) was significantly greater on the cycle ergometer (M3.4 ± 0.3 1 [mdot] min-1) compared to the rowing ergometer (M3.2 ± 0.2 1 [mdot] min-1) for the rowers (p = .01), but there was no difference for this variable between the two types of exercise in the untrained group. Maximal oxygen-pulse (O2-pulsemax) was significantly greater during exercise on the cycle ergometer in the oarswomen (p = .03). Oxygen consumption ([Vdot]RO2) at the ventilatory threshold (VT) was identical for cycling (1.4 ± 0.2 1 [mdot] min-1) and rowing (1.4 ± 0.2 ...
Echocardiographic diagnosis of pericardial disease.

Abstract Echocardiograms were performed in 11 patients with constrictive pericarditis or effusive-constrictive pericarditis confirmed by cardiac catheterization and pericardiectomy. Three echocardiographic patterns of pericardial disease were noted and were related to three types of pericardial pathology. 1 Parallel moving echoes separated by a clear space were reflected from chronically fibrosed and thickened pericardium without associated pericardial exudate. 2 Effusive-constrictive pericarditis or subacute wet pericarditis was characterized on the echocardiogram by a posterior echo-free space representing the liquid pericardial effusion and multiple ultrasonic lines from the thickened visceral pericardium. 3 Subacute dry pericarditis was associated with numerous ultrasonic signals filling the space between the visceral pericardium and the relatively flat parietal pericardium. These ultrasonic signals were reflected from coagulated pericardial exudate which was adherent both to the parietal pericardium and the visceral pericardium. Parallel moving echoes or dense bands of echoes were reflected from either or both thickened visceral and parietal pericardium.
Bounded discrete representations of interval orders

Abstract A discrete representation of an interval order ( A ,≻) is an interval representation for which each interval has integral endpoints. A representation is bounded if each interval is constrained with upper and lower bounds on its length. Given a finite interval order and length bounds, we give a polynomial procedure which determines whether or not it has a bounded discrete representation. The method uses Farkas' lemma to reduce the problem to finding a shortest path or detecting a negative cycle in a corresponding directed graph. Furthermore, we use this directed graph to state conditions necessary and sufficient for a representation and examine suborders which block representation in the cases with constant lower bounds of 0 or 1 and constant upper bounds.
Infrared Telescope Technology Testbed primary mirror test results

An 85 cm aperture beryllium mirror was fabricated as part of the IR Telescope Technology Testbed (ITTT), a facility to which the SIRTF flight telescope will be traceable. The ITTT was developed to demonstrate that diffraction-limited performance at a wavelength of 6.5 micrometers is attainable from an ultra-lightweight meter-class beryllium telescope operating at a temperature of 5.5K. Cryo-null figuring was employed to meet the requirements for the shape of the primary mirror at its operating temperature over an aperture of 79cm. The results of this process will be presented, including the repeatability of the surface through cryogenic temperature cycling. Modeling of system performance using the residual figure error will be described. Image-based methods were used to characterize a turned up edge that is too steep to be measured with an interferometer.
Heat-shock protein 65 and activated γ/δ T cells in injured arteries

Abstract Because immune mechanisms are implicated in atherogenesis, we investigated the T-lymphocyte subset and factors related to its activation after acute arterial ligation (22 ligated and 13 non-ligated specimens). Ligated arteries produced heat-shock protein 65 (hsp65) and were infiltrated with activated T cells (mostly dendritic, CD3+, CD4-, CD8-, and γ/δ T-cell-receptor bearing). The protein was found with dendritic T cells, with immunogold-labelled hsp65 beside the dendritic processes. Thus, the immune reaction after acute arterial injury may be associated with binding and recognition of in-situ hsp65 by dendritic γ/δ T-cells.
"Masked" philadelphia chromosome (Ph1) due to an unusual translocation.

Abstract The case of a 58-year-old white female with Philadelphia (Ph 1 )-positive chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) and a "masked" Ph 1 chromosome is described. The Ph 1 was due to a translocation involving chromosomes #12 and #22, in which most of the long arm of #12 had been translocated to the deleted #22 (Ph 1 ). The necessity of performing banding analysis in those cases of CML where a Ph 1 is not readily apparent is stressed and the literature on "masked" Ph 1 chromosomes is briefly summarized.
Structures and formulations for electric power auctions

Abstract Various auction structures have been proposed for use in electric power markets throughout the world. Different auction structures are needed for different regions of the world. The available auction structures used presently may not be applicable in all regions that are restructuring to the price-based competitive environment. In addition, the auction structures used currently are being adjusted to improve the efficiency and suitability to those regions of the world in which restructuring has already taken place. This work illustrates various formulations for auctions when different structures of auctions are desired. Comprehensive formulations are developed for many more cases than previously available in the literature. This work clearly separates the cases based on commodity criteria and thus the formulations can be easily modified for other cases that are not presented in this work.
Some transmission characteristics of the tubule-inducing influence on mouse metanephrogenic mesenchyme.

Abstract 1. 1. When the distance between embryonic dorsal spinal cord and mouse metanephrogenic mesenchyme, undergoing inductive interaction in vitro , is increased—either by varying the thickness of single filters or layering several filters between them—induction decreases in intensity between about 30 and 60 microns and is largely eliminated at about 80 microns. 2. 2. The distance limitation persists even when addition of the mesenchyme is postponed for 1–4 days, indicating that the activity is not simply delayed by greater distance but actually does not traverse it. 3. 3. The active material does not cross cellophane, but does move through a fluid-filled hole in the cellophane producing inductive effects immediately over and surrounding the hole. The procedure is suggested as possibly advantageous for obtaining additional information on the nature and mode of action of the inductive material.
Inhibition of JNK reduces G2/M transit independent of p53, leading to endoreduplication, decreased proliferation, and apoptosis in breast cancer cells

c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is activated by diverse cell stimuli, including stress, growth factors, and cytokines. Traditionally, activation of JNK by stress treatment is thought to induce cell death. However, our recent data indicate that JNK's ability to sensitize cells to apoptosis may be, in part, cell cycle dependent. Here, we show that the majority of both paclitaxel- and UV-induced apoptosis can be inhibited by the pharmacological JNK inhibitor, SP600125, in MCF-7 cells. However, inhibition of JNK does little to reverse doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells or doxorubicin- and UV-mediated death in MDA MB-231 cells. SP treatment causes G2/M arrest of three breast cancer cell lines and results in the endoreduplication (cellular DNA content >4N) of MCF-7 and MDA MB-231 cells. These effects on cell cycle and apoptosis are not significantly altered by the inhibition of p53, indicating that JNK is functioning independently of p53. Lastly, inhibition of JNK using both SP and antisense oligonucleotides targeted to JNK1 and JNK2 reduced proliferation of all three breast cancer cell lines. Taken together, these results suggest that the activation of JNK is important for the induction of apoptosis following stresses that function at different cell cycle phases, and that basal JNK activity is necessary to promote proliferation and maintain diploidy in breast cancer cells.
Pediatric DXA: technique and interpretation

This article reviews dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) technique and interpretation with emphasis on the considerations unique to pediatrics. Specifically, the use of DXA in children requires the radiologist to be a “clinical pathologist” monitoring the technical aspects of the DXA acquisition, a “statistician” knowledgeable in the concepts of Z-scores and least significant changes, and a “bone specialist” providing the referring clinician a meaningful context for the numeric result generated by DXA. The patient factors that most significantly influence bone mineral density are discussed and are reviewed with respect to available normative databases. The effects the growing skeleton has on the DXA result are also presented. Most important, the need for the radiologist to be actively involved in the technical and interpretive aspects of DXA is stressed. Finally, the diagnosis of osteoporosis should not be made on DXA results alone but should take into account other patient factors.
Povidone-iodine as a corrosion inhibitor towards a low modulus beta Ti-45Nb implant alloy in a simulated body fluid

Povidone-iodine and various bactericidal agents used in dental procedures may affect the corrosion response of an implant/prosthesis in the oral environment. The effect of various concentrations of povidone–iodine (PI) on the corrosion behavior of a low modulus beta titanium alloy, Ti-45Nb, has been investigated in normal saline solution. The open circuit potential, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization measurements have been used to assess the electrochemical response of the alloy surface on PI addition so as to effectively predict the prosthetic treatment outcome. As the concentration of PI is increased, the corrosion rate decreases, suggested by decreased Rp values. Povidone–iodine acts as an anodic inhibitor by adsorbing on the anodic sites of the alloy. Addition of PI to a simulated body fluid such as normal saline leads to a decrease in corrosion rate of Ti-45Nb alloy.
A generalized method of impulse identification

Abstract Identifying the sources of economic fluctuations has always been an essential part of empirical macroeconomics. This note proposes a method of identification that allows restrictions on impulse responses at arbitrary frequencies. The method includes the popular American Economic Review 79(4), 655–673, 1989 (AER) procedure as a special case. The implications of the general method is demonstrated via an application to the case of spectral decomposition at the seasonal frequency.
Three-pass affine transforms for volume rendering

Affine transformations of volume arrays are important for implementing volume modeling and orthographic viewing transformations and for registering multiple data sets. In this paper we extend the two-pass algorithm for affine image transformations to a three-pass affine volume transformation algorithm. The mathematics of the decomposition is derived and the issues involved in resampling the transformed volume are discussed.
Fixed point methods for computing within-day dynamic user equilibrium

We show that analysis of the within-day dynamic user equilibrium (DUE) problem is tremendously simplified by expressing dynamic user equilibrium as a differential variational inequality when dynamic network loading (DNL) is considered to be an embedded subproblem. The DNL problem is approximated as a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) which may be efficiently solved using traditional numerical methods. Computing an actual dynamic user equilibrium is shown to require solution of a continuous-time fixed-point problem. A numerical example based on the much studied Sioux Falls network is presented.
Assessment of diesel particulate matter exposure in the workplace: freight terminals.

A large study has been undertaken to assess the exposure to diesel exhaust within diesel trucking terminals. A critical component of this assessment is an analysis of the variation in carbonaceous particulate matter (PM) across trucking terminal locations; consistency in the primary sources can be effectively tracked by analyzing trends in elemental carbon (EC) and organic molecular marker concentrations. Ambient samples were collected at yard, dock and repair shop work stations in 7 terminals in the USA and 1 in Mexico. Concentrations of EC ranged from 0.2 to 12 μg m−3 among the terminals, which corresponds to the range seen in the concentration of summed hopanes (0.5 to 20.5 ng m−3). However, when chemical mass balance (CMB) source apportionment results were presented as percent contribution to organic carbon (OC) concentrations, the contribution of mobile sources to OC are similar among the terminals in different cities. The average mobile source percent contribution to OC was 75.3 ± 17.1% for truck repair shops, 65.4 ± 20.4% for the docks and 38.4 ± 9.5% for the terminal yard samples. A relatively consistent mobile source impact was present at all the terminals only when considering percentage of total OC concentrations, not in terms of absolute concentrations.
The relative use of abandoned farm clearings and old forest habitats by primates and a forest antelope at Tiwai, Sierra leone, West Africa

West Africa's high canopy forests have largely been replaced by a mosaic of active and abandoned agricultural fields. Use of the regenerating habitats by local fauna has not been well documented. I investigated the relative value of young successional forests, aged 5–12 years, and high forest, to primates and ungulates at Tiwai in West Africa. Four primates, Cercopithecus campbelli, Cercopithecus petaurista, Cercocebus atys, and Pan troglodytes, selected regrowth habitats more often than expected, and three primates, Cercopithecus diana, Colobus polykomos, and Procolobus badius, selected high forest habitat. The Maxwell's duiker Cephalophus monticola used both habitats equally. The Cercopithecus spp. exhibited seasonal fluctuations in abundance in the two habitats, presumably in response to different fruit availabilities. The old forest supported a greater diversity and biomass of primates per unit area compared to regrowth habitats. The high forest was more valuable to the primate community, but young forests were also used by resident fauna, suggesting potential for management as wildlife habitat.
TOTAL-DOSE AND SINGLE-EVENT EFFECTS IN SILICON-GERMANIUM HETEROJUNCTION BIPOLAR TRANSISTORS

We present an overview of radiation effects in silicon-germanium heterojunction bipolar transistors (SiGe HBT). We begin by reviewing SiGe HBTs, and then examine the impact of ionizing radiation on both the dc and ac performance of SiGe HBTs, the circuit-level impact of radiation-induced changes in the transistors, followed by single-event phenomena in SiGe HBT circuits. While ionizing radiation degrades both the dc and ac properties of SiGe HBTs, this degradation is remarkably minor, and is far better than that observed in even radiation-hardened conventional Si BJT technologies. This fact is particularly significant given that no intentional radiation hardening is needed to ensure this level of both device-level and circuit-level tolerance (typically multi-Mrad TID). SEU effects are pronounced in SiGe HBT circuits, as expected, but circuit-level mitigation schemes will likely be suitable to ensure adequate tolerance for many orbital missions. SiGe HBT technology thus offers many interesting possibilities for space-borne electronic systems.
Crisis as usual: Organizational dysfunction and public relations

Abstract As organizations face increasingly complex crisis situations, we must learn how to understand and manage them. The field of public relations is central to effective crisis management but it is often limited by a rationalistic and situationally bound perspective. Rather than viewing crisis as exception or accident, this paper focuses on way the organization's everyday culture and operating practices produce crisis. It argues for a critical approach to crisis management that incorporates an understanding of organizations as potentially dysfunctional or neurotic and crisis as integrally connected to organizational (dys)functions.
Innervation of the crayfish thoracic deep flexor musculature

The innervation and neuromuscular physiology of the deep flexor muscles in the thorax of the crayfish, Orconectes rusticus are described. Four muscles arise ventrally from the endophragmal shelf and join at segmental inscriptions to form a single functional mass. Deep flexor 1 (DF1) extends from the anterior thoracic endoskeleton to be joined by DF2, DF3, and DF4 in more posterior segments. The mass inserts on the abdominal flexor at the common flexor inscription. Motor axons from thoracic ganglionic third roots 1–3 innervate the deep flexor muscles. Light and electron microscopical examination indicates that the third root of the first thoracic ganglion contains only three or four axons that innervate the musculature, and the third root of the second thoracic ganglion usually contains five. The largest number of deep flexor axons (10) occurs in the third root of the third thoracic ganglion. Methylene blue staining and microelectrode recording methods show that each deep flexor muscle fiber is innervated by three motoneurons: the motor giant, a non-giant excitor and an inhibitor. The motor giant elicits excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) that rapidly antifacilitate, while the non-giant excitor elicits EPSPs that do not antifacilitate. Both excitors produce spiking activity in the deep flexors. The inhibitory motor neuron reduces the amplitude and duration of the EPSP and prevents spiking activity. These results show that the thoracic deep flexor system is similar to the homologous system in the abdomen.
Effects of Adaptive Process Planning on Job Cost and Lateness Measures

In a small‐lot manufacturing facility, process planning is the task of specifying a machine series that will produce a certain part from a given raw material. Traditionally, the same machine path or routing is followed each time the part is released for manufacture. A prototype system is developed which adapts routings according to job specification (process quantity and due date), as well as shop conditions (the relative cost and availability of alternative resources). The performance of this system is then compared against the traditional fixed method, as well as two single‐focus, adaptive strategies (least‐cost and least‐load), drawn from research.
SU‐E‐T‐672: Comparisons of Single and Multiple Isocenter Stereotactic IMRT Treatment Planning for Multiple Brain Metastases Treatment

Purpose: To compare quality of single and multiple isocenter stereotactic IMRT treatment plans for multiple intracranial targets. Methods: Five patients (two with three and three with two brain metastatic tumors) treated with multiple isocenters using 9 to 12 non‐coplanar beams per lesion were replanned for single isocenter 10 to 12 non‐coplanar beams. Identical contour sets and dose‐volume constraints were applied. Plans were developed using BrainLab iPlan system for delivery with Varian TrueBeam STx machine. The prescribed dose to each target was 25 Gy in five fractions and minimum 95% dose was required to cover > 95% of target volume. Results: All plans satisfied the dose‐volume constraints, with no significant differences in dose conformity between single and multiple isocenter plans. The mean Paddick conformity index (CI) for two target single and multiple isocenter plans was 0.76 and 0.75 (p = 0.93), and for three target single and multiple isocenter plans was 0.73 and 0.70 (p = 0.37), respectively. Normal brain tissue doses were higher for single isocenter plans compared to multiple isocenter plans. The average normal brain volumes receiving 15 and 10 Gy for two target plans (single vs. multiple isocenter) were: (4.8% vs. 2.1%) and (8.9% vs. 4.5%), respectively. For three target plans these volumes were: (2.0% vs. 1.5%) and (4.6% vs. 3.4%). The estimated total treatment time (patient set‐up, imaging‐verification, beam‐on time at 600 MU/min, etc.) were approximately 1.75 and 2.5 times lower with two and three target single isocenter delivery, respectively. Conclusion: Single isocenter plans were capable of producing quality treatment plans similar to multiple isocenter plans. Treatment delivery times were much higher and the normal brain tissue doses were only slightly lower at 10 and 15 Gy dose levels for multiple isocenter plans compared to single isocenter plans. Clinical consequences of these normal tissue doses are however unknown.
The Pewabic Copper-bearing Amygdaloidal Lode, Houghton County, Michigan Lake Superior Native Copper District

Sixteenth in a series of articles on the mines and minerals of Michigan's Copper Country The Lake Superior native copper district, also known as the Michigan Copper Country, is located on the spars...
Social stability and harmony: A new mission for the press?

The world appears to be ready for a new journalism paradigm— one that stresses order and social harmony. Western media dominance is still a fact of life as the 21st century dawns. But the social form, pulling ever more complex populations toward order, cooperation, and a need for authority, is thrusting media systems into a new and more harmonious communitarianism. The harbinger of such a drift away from the older libertarianism is found even in the US where public journalism is being heralded by many as an antidote to harmful effects of 18th Century Enlightenment liberalism that is accused of pushing journalism increasingly toward social irresponsibility and even chaos.