cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Portraits of the Invisible: Faces of Urban Dying Poor (746)

acute pain in noncommunicative patients in two settings’ acute care hospital and hospice inpatient unit. Research objectives. The purpose of this presentation is to report reliability, validity, and clinical utility data from the acute care setting. Methods. The study used a cross-sectional instrument-testing design with pain ratings before and after a pain-relieving intervention. The sample was comprised of 163 hospitalized palliative care patients with painful conditions who could not self-report any aspect of their pain. Independent MOPAT ratings before and after the intervention was performed by two study nurses (SNs) or by a SN and volunteer staff nurse (VSN). VSNs completed a Clinical Utility Questionnaire (CUQ) monthly during the study. Results. Preliminary analysis indicates that percent agreement between rater pairs was 72.386.6 for SN/SN and 69.4-84.5 for SN/VSN on the BEH subscale, and 78.4-81.3 for SN/SN and 74.4e79.9 for SN/VSN on the PHY subscale. Internal consistency reliability differed by whether patients were able to vocalize sounds or not, with higher alpha coefficients on BEH for those able to vocalize (0.84). VSNs had positive perceptions of the MOPAT, with higher CUQ scores if completed within 30 days of MOPATuse. Conclusion. The preliminary analysis suggests that the MOPAT performed reasonably well. More in-depth psychometric and clinical utility analyses are underway. Implications for research, policy, or practice. A psychometrically sound and clinically useful objective measure of acute pain may help in assessing pain in noncommunicative palliative care patients across settings.
Abstract 18: Deep-sequencing of ovarian cancer stem cells

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Ovarian cancer remains to be one of the most fatal cancer types in women due to a lack of proper identification of therapies that will completely eradicate tumor cells in patients. Cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis states that there is a sub-population of cells in tumors that can self-renew and give rise to a differentiated tumor tissue. CSCs are also postulated to be resistant to conventional therapies, which might explain the recurrent nature of some of the cancer types. We have recently identified a novel cellular structure consisting of a chain of 4-72 cells with a pericellular glycocalyx, free-floating in the ascites of NOD/SCIDIL2Rγ-/- mice with intraperitoneal human serous ovarian adenocarcinoma (OvCa) xenografts. We have termed these “catenae” (Latin for “chains”). While the catena has the features of conventional CSCs, such as self-renewal, resistance to chemotherapy and ability to generate tumors in mice with as few as one cell; it also presents with unusual phenotypes. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms responsible for these phenotypes, as well as to get a transcriptional snapshot of pure CSCs; we performed SOLID deep-sequencing of catena on both whole cell RNA sample and polysomal RNA sample. We obtained 80millions and 60millions reads respectively. By comparing whole RNA sample to polysomal RNA sample, we have identified transcripts that are abundant in numbers but are not translated preferentially. We also identified alternative splicing events that might lead to the CSC phenotypes that catena have. Using public databases, we compared our data to differentiated cell states and generated comparative GO analysis of catena deep-sequencing data. The power of deep sequencing methodology will allow a deeper understanding of how CSCs might operate and will enable us to generate new therapies for eradicating CSCs. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 18. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-18
Engineering cross-presentation in vivo.

Apoptotic bodies deliver antigens (Ags) to the cross-presentation pathways of dendritic cells (DCs), where their presentation has been associated with both the maintenance of tolerance as well as the induction of protective immunity. The manner in which apoptotic bodies are generated, their abundance in relation to local DCs, and the milieu in which they are generated appear to be the major factors determining whether apoptotic bodies will induce CD8+ T cell activation or anergy. These observations have been extended to the field of vaccination, where the engineered apoptosis of Ag-bearing/loaded cells in vivo has been used to prime strong CD8+ T cell immunity. This review will examine Ag capture and cross-presentation by DCs, with particular emphasis on the manipulation of apoptotic bodies in vivo for the purpose of vaccination.
Wall-induced forces on a rigid sphere at finite Reynolds number

We perform direct numerical simulations of a rigid sphere translating parallel to a flat wall in an otherwise quiescent ambient fluid. A spectral element method is employed to perform the simulations with high accuracy. For above about 100. Detailed analysis of the flow field around the sphere suggests that this increase is due to an imperfect bifurcation resulting in the formation of a double-threaded wake vortical structure. In addition to a non-rotating sphere, we also simulate a freely rotating sphere in order to assess the importance of free rotation on the translational motion of the sphere. We observe the effect of sphere rotation on lift and drag forces to be small. We also explore the effect of the wall on the onset of unsteadiness.
Nutritional levels for anthurium : Young versus mature leaves

Abstract Sampling the most recently mature leaf of anthurium (Anthurium andraeanum Lind.), subtending a 3/4‐mature flower, has been the leaf selected for plant analysis evaluation. In order to determine the validity of selecting the most recently matured leaf as the standard for analysis, nutritional levels of the most recently matured leaf verses a younger leaf, within ten days of maturity and prior to forming a suberized covering, were compared over an eight‐year period. Leaf samples were selected from four cultivars ('Kozohara’, ‘Kaumana’, ‘Ozaki’, and ‘Nitta Orange') and analyzed for their nitrogen (N), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), boron (B), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), and zinc (Zn) contents. Mean tissue levels of the macroelements N, P, K, Ca, and to a lesser extent Mg were consistantly higher in the younger leaves for all four cultivars analyzed. Comparatively lower macronutrient and some micronutrient levels in mature leaves (subtending ...
A New Objective Quality Metric for Frame Interpolation using in Video Compression

This paper discusses the disadvantages of several existing objective quality evaluation methods for frame interpolation techniques. Samples show that these disadvantages lead the objective quality measurement inconsistent with what humans perceive. Based on these observations, a new metric designed to evaluate the performance of frame interpolation techniques is proposed. This metric combines the severity of interpolation artifacts and several human visual factors into a single quality score. Final implementation shows that the proposed metric out-performs other commonly used metrics.
Amine-rich Polyelectrolyte Adhesion Layers as an Alternative to APTES for Surface Immobilization of Biomolecules and Nanostructures

We propose the use of amine-rich polyelectrolyte multilayers as a versatile, high quality, tunable adhesive surfaces for biomedical and nanotechnological applications. The films are simple to fabricate under mild conditions and provide at least as good adhesion as standard aminopropyltriethoxysilane terminated glass substrates. In addition, the multilayer surface can be reliably passivated by acetylation with acetic anhydride which reduces the adhesion to the point that non-specific binding of proteins and nanoparticles becomes all but negligible. We demonstrate that this property, in combination with the robustness of the film, makes it possible to pattern the adhesiveness of the film at the nanoscale level.
The Science of Organizational Change and the Art of Changing Organizations

As a field of applied behavioral science, organizational change and development has characteristics of both science and art. I will explore four areas where the science of organizational change and...
Inventory based speech enhancement for speaker dedicated speech communication systems

We are presenting a method for the enhancement of speech in speaker dedicated speech communication systems. The proposed procedure is fundamentally different from most state-of-the-art filtering approaches. Instead of filtering a distorted signal we are re-synthesizing a new “clean” signal based on its likely characteristics. These characteristics are estimated from the distorted signal. We present a successful implementation of the proposed method for a communication system for which speaker enrollment and noise enrollment are feasible. Forty minutes of clean speech training data is usually sufficient for successful denoising. The proposed method compares very favorably to other state-of-the-art systems in both objective and subjective speech quality assessments.
AN EXOCELLULAR POLYSACCHARIDE FROM THE DIATOM GOMPHONEMA OLIVACEUM1,2

SUMMARY An acidic polysaccharide produced by Gomphonema olivaceum was extracted with hot water after conversion to its potassium form. Recovered in 2–3% yield, the β-linked polysaccharide was composed primarily of d-galactose, d-xylose, and an alkalistable sulfate ester in the ratio of 1:1:1.2. Several other minor components including a uronic acid were observed but not further identified. Periodate oxidation was complete in 40 hr at 4 C with the consumption of 0.88 mole of oxidant and production of 0.26 mole of acid per sugar residue. Half of the d-galactose in the polysaccharide was not oxidized by periodate: the remainder was cleaved between C2 and C3. Of the d-oxylose residues, 35% were not oxidized; 15% were cleaved beetween C2 and C3; and 50%, presumbably a nonreducing side-chain moiety, afforded formic acid. From these data two possible structures have been proposed.
The use of cone-shaped kernels for generalized time-frequency representations of nonstationary signals

Generalized time-frequency representations (GTFRs) which use cone-shaped kernels for nonstationary signal analysis are presented. The cone-shaped kernels are formulated for the GTFRs to produce good resolution simultaneously in time and frequency. Specifically, for a GTFR with a cone-shaped kernel, finite time support is maintained in the time dimension along with an enhanced spectrum in the frequency dimension, and the cross-terms are smoothed out. Experimental results on simulated data and real speech show the advantages of the GTFRs with the cone-shaped kernels through comparisons to the spectrogram and the pseudo-Wigner distribution. >
P115 RhoGEF and microtubules decide the direction apoptotic cells extrude from an epithelium

To preserve epithelial barrier function, dying cells are squeezed out of an epithelium by “apoptotic cell extrusion.” Specifically, a cell destined for apoptosis signals its live neighboring epithelial cells to form and contract a ring of actin and myosin II that squeezes the dying cell out of the epithelial sheet. Although most apoptotic cells extrude apically, we find that some exit basally. Localization of actin and myosin IIA contraction dictates the extrusion direction: basal extrusion requires circumferential contraction of neighboring cells at their apices, whereas apical extrusion also requires downward contraction along the basolateral surfaces. To activate actin/myosin basolaterally, microtubules in neighboring cells reorient and target p115 RhoGEF to this site. Preventing microtubule reorientation restricts contraction to the apex, driving extrusion basally. Extrusion polarity has important implications for tumors where apoptosis is blocked but extrusion is not, as basal extrusion could enable these cells to initiate metastasis.
PALMINI—fast Boolean minimizer for personal computers

This paper describes a fast and efficient method for minimization of two level single output Boolean functions. The minimization problem is reduced to that of coloring of the graph of incompatibility of implicants. The program permits also to remove static hazards and allows inversion of output's polarity which proves to be very convenient when designing with PAL's. It gives solutions within a very reasonable amount of time. On small industrial examples its speed is slightly better than Espresso and it occupies 6 times less memory.
Anti-jam distributed MIMO decoding using wireless sensor networks

Consider a set of sensors that wish to consent on the message broadcasted by a multi-antenna transmitter in the presence of white-noise jamming. The jammer's interference introduces correlation across receivers and destroys the decomposable form of the maximum-likelihood decoder, thus preventing direct application of known distributed detection algorithms. This paper develops distributed detectors that circumvent this problem. Treating the jammer signal as deterministic, we develop two distributed estimation-decoding algorithms. The first algorithm relies on the generalized likelihood ratio test, whereas the second algorithm relies on semi-definite relaxation techniques and is suitable for large alphabet sizes. Both algorithms feature: (i) distributed implementation requiring only single-hop communications; (ii) no constraints on the network topology so long as it is connected; and (iii) performance close to the optimum centralized detector in the presence of severe jamming.
A Solanum lycopersicum catechol‐O‐methyltransferase involved in synthesis of the flavor molecule guaiacol

*SUMMARY O-methyltransferases (OMT) are important enzymes that are responsible for the synthesis of many small molecules, which include lignin monomers, flavonoids, alkaloids, and aroma compounds. One such compound is guaiacol, a small volatile molecule with a smoky aroma that contributes to tomato flavor. Little information is known about the pathway and regulation of synthesis of guaiacol. One possible route for synthesis is via catechol methylation. We identified a tomato O-methyltransferase (CTOMT1) with homology to a Nicotiana tabacum catechol OMT. CTOMT1 was cloned from Solanum lycopersicum cv. M82 and expressed in Escherichia coli. Recombinant CTOMT1 enzyme preferentially methylated catechol, producing guaiacol. To validate the in vivo function of CTOMT1, gene expression was either decreased or increased in transgenic S. lycopersicum plants. Knockdown of CTOMT1 resulted in significantly reduced fruit guaiacol emissions. CTOMT1 overexpression resulted in slightly increased fruit guaiacol emission, which suggested that catechol availability might limit guaiacol production. To test this hypothesis, wild type (WT) and CTOMT1 that overexpress tomato pericarp discs were supplied with exogenously applied catechol. Guaiacol production increased in both WT and transgenic fruit discs, although to a much greater extent in CTOMT1 overexpressing discs. Finally, we identified S. pennellii introgression lines with increased guaiacol content and higher expression of CTOMT1. These lines also showed a trend toward lower catechol levels. Taken together, we concluded that CTOMT1 is a catechol-O-methyltransferase that produces guaiacol in tomato fruit.
Prospective Trial of the Detection of Urolithiasis on Ultralow Dose (Sub mSv) Noncontrast Computerized Tomography: Direct Comparison against Routine Low Dose Reference Standard

Purpose: In this prospective trial we compared ultralow dose computerized tomography reconstruction algorithms and routine low dose computerized tomography for detecting urolithiasis.Materials and Methods: A total of 48 consenting adults prospectively underwent routine low dose noncontrast computerized tomography immediately followed by an ultralow dose series targeted at a 70% to 90% reduction from the routine low dose technique (sub mSv range). Ultralow dose series were reconstructed with filtered back projection, and adaptive statistical and model based iterative reconstruction techniques. Transverse (axial) and coronal images were sequentially reviewed by 3 relatively inexperienced trainees, including a radiology resident, a urology fellow and an abdominal imaging fellow. Three experienced abdominal radiologists independently reviewed the routine low dose filtered back projection images, which served as the reference standard.Results: The mean effective dose for the ultralow dose scans was 0.91 mSv (m...
A Review of “The Genius and the Goddess: Arthur Miller and Marilyn Monroe”

At the end of The Genius and the Goddess: Arthur Miller and Marilyn Monroe, author Jeffrey Meyers argues that Arthur Miller reimagined Marilyn Monroe through a variety of characters he wrote for th...
A DENSIMETRIC METHOD FOR ASSAY OF SMALL AMOUNTS OF ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE

A sensitive and reproducible method for assay of antidiuretic activity, described in this paper, yielded accurate measurements in the range 60 to 540 micropressor units of pitressin, corresponding to about 15 to 130 micropressor units of arginine-vasopressin. The method differs from previous techniques mainly in using urine density, rather than urinary flow rates, as the index of response.
The cyclic AMP system and Drosophila learning

The cyclic AMP (cAMP) system plays a critical role in olfactory learning in the fruit fly,Drosophila melanogaster, as evidenced by the following: [1] The dunce gene encodes a form of cAMP phosphodiesterase (PDE). Flies carrying mutations at this gene show reduced PDE activity, high cAMP levels, and deficits in olfactory learning and memory [2]. The rutabaga gene encodes one type of adenylyl cyclase (AC) similar in properties to the Type I AC characterized from vertebrate brain. This enzyme is activated by G-protein and Ca++ and has been postulated to be a molecular coincidence detector, capable of integrating information from two independent sources such as the conditioned stimulus (CS) and the unconditioned stimulus (US) delivered to animals during Pavlovian conditioning. Rutabaga mutant flies are deficient in AC activity and show behavioral defects similar to those exhibited by dunce mutants [3]. Flies carrying mutations in the gene (DC0) that encodes the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A (PKA), the major mediator of cAMP actions, show alterations in learning performance and a loss in PKA activity. All three genes are expressed preferentially in mushroom bodies, neuroanatomical sites that mediate olfactory learning. Interestingly, the PDE and the catalytic subunit of PKA are found primarily in axonal and dendritic compartments of the mushroom body cells, whereas the AC is found primarily in the axonal compartment. The reason for this differential compartmentalization is unclear, although the hypothetical role of AC as coincidence detector would predict that CS and US stimuli are integrated in the axonal compartment. These observations suggest that cAMP is a dominant second messenger utilized by mushroom body cells to modulate their physiology while the animal is learning and consolidating memory. However, many other types of molecules are likely involved in the physiological alterations that occur in these cells during learning, including cell surface proteins, transcription factors, and synaptic proteins.
Optimal Shielding Design for Minimum Materials Cost or Mass

The mathematical underpinnings of cost optimal radiation shielding designs based on an extension of optimal control theory are presented, a heuristic algorithm to iteratively solve the resulting optimal design equations is suggested, and computational results for a simple test case are discussed. A typical radiation shielding design problem can have infinitely many solutions, all satisfying the problem's specified set of radiation attenuation requirements. Each such design has its own total materials cost. For a design to be optimal, no admissible change in its deployment of shielding materials can result in a lower cost. This applies in particular to very small changes, which can be restated using the calculus of variations as the Euler-Lagrange equations. Furthermore, the associated Hamiltonian function and application of Pontryagin's theorem lead to conditions for a shield to be optimal.
Outpatient Thyroid Surgery Data from the University Health System (UHC) Consortium

ObjectiveDescribe data from patients undergoing outpatient thyroid surgeries for benign and malignant disease at academic medical centers in the United States.Study DesignRetrospective database search.SettingThe University Health System Consortium (UHC), Oak Brook, Illinois, data compiled from discharge summaries.Subjects and MethodsDischarge data were collected from the first quarter of 2005 through the fourth quarter of 2010. Searching strategy was based on diagnosis of thyroid disease and patients undergoing thyroid surgery across all UHC facilities. Demographic information was collected as well as charges. Complications were also evaluated in this analysis.ResultsDuring the study period, 38,362 outpatient thyroidectomies were performed from our sample, 32% for thyroid cancer. More total thyroidectomies (43%) and fewer hemithyroidectomies (36%) were being performed overall; 64.1% of patients stayed 23 hours.ConclusionThis is one of the largest series reporting outcomes for outpatient thyroid surgery. S...
The prognostic significance of DNA ploidy in clinically localized prostate cancer treated with radiation therapy.

Abstract Purpose: To determine the prognostic significance of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) ploidy in comparison to pretreatment prostate specific antigen (PSA) and other prognostic factors for patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate treated with external beam radiotherapy. Methods and Materials: Paraffin-embedded prostatic adenocarcinoma material was obtained from patients treated from 1987–1991. Sufficient histologic material for flow cytometric DNA content analysis was obtained from 86 patients and adequate histograms were obtained from 76 of these. The DNA histogram profiles were classified as diploid, tetraploid, or aneuploid. Median patient follow-up was 36 months. Results: There were 54 patients with diploid tumors, and 22 with nondiploid tumors (11 tetraploid and 11 aneuploid). Since the disease outcome for tetraploid and aneuploid tumors was the same, these were pooled (nondiploid tumors). The distribution of diploidy and nondiploidy correlated with pretreatment PSA ( p p = 0.055), but not with stage, pretreatment prostatic acid phosphatase, transurethral resection, pretreatment serum testosterone, or age. In actuarial univariate analyses, DNA ploidy was a significant predictor of outcome for local failure, distant metastases, any clinical relapse, rising PSA, and rising PSA and/or relapse. Ploidy was not a significant predictor of overall survival, although there were only six deaths. Diploidy predicted for improved outcome, for example, 34.6% incidence of a rising PSA and/or relapse at 4 years compared to 76.9% with nondiploidy ( p Conclusion: DNA ploidy is an independent predictor of outcome in patients with Stages T,-T3 prostate cancer treated with definitive external beam radiotherapy.
Improving marine ecosystem models: Use of data assimilation and mesocosm experiments

Our inability to accurately model marine food webs severely limits the prognostic capabilities of current generation marine biogeochemistry models. To address this problem we examine the use of data assimilation and mesocosm experiments to facilitate the development of food web models. The components of the data assimilation demonstrated include the construction of measurement models, the adjoint technique to obtain gradient information on the objective function, the use of parameter constraints, incorporation of discrete measurements and assessing parameter observability. We also examine the effectiveness of classic and contemporary optimization routines used in data assimilation. A standard compartment-type food web model is employed with an emphasis on organic matter production and consumption. Mesocosm experiments designed to examine the interaction of inorganic nitrogen with organic matter provide the data used to constrain the model.Although we are able to obtain reasonable e ts between the mesocosm data and food web model, the model lacks the robustness to be applicable across trophic gradients, such as those occurring in coastal environments. The robustness problem is due to inherent structural problems that render the model extremely sensitive to parameter values. Furthermore, parameters governing actual ecosystems are not constants, but rather vary as a function of environmental conditions and species abundance, which increases the sensitivity problem. We conclude by briee y discussing possible improvements in food web models and the need for rigorous comparisons between models and data (a modeling workbench) so that performance of competing models can be assessed. Such a workbench should facilitate systematic improvements in prognostic marine food web models.
The Restorative Justice Wager: The Promise and Hope of a Value-Based, Dialogue-Driven Approach to Conflict Resolution for Social Healing

This article speaks of restorative justice dialogue as a “wager,” asserting its truth as a matter of reason and experience while acknowledging the limits of both reason and experience, as well as embracing an openness to its amendment as future thought and experience might dictate. In this article, the author explores the deep assumptions and commitments associated with the restorative justice wager in order to describe the important contribution that restorative justice has to offer to conventional forms of conflict resolution. The author argues that the restorative dialogue practice of talking circles strikingly embodies the restorative justice wager and invites us to construct a relational theory of restorative justice by taking the principle of internal relations of Process Thought seriously as a way to do so. The author breaks this discussion apart in three sections including the following: (1) the definition in a criminal context, (2) peacemaking circles, and (3) the theory of restorative justice.
On synchronizing sampling and quantization for ρ/μ approximation based stabilization of second order LTI systems under binary sensing

We revisit the problem of constructing finite state ρ/μ approximations of systems over finite alphabets for the purpose of certified-by-design control synthesis. In this context, we focus on a specific class of systems, namely second order linear time-invariant (LTI) systems with finite inputs and binary quantized outputs. Specifically, we investigate the problem of picking the ‘initial partition’ for generating state-space based ρ/μ approximations enabling control design. We propose and analyze a new algorithm that is tailored to the dynamics and the sampling period of the system, and we illustrate its use via a set of numerical examples.
Spin Hall effects in metallic antiferromagnets – perspectives for future spin-orbitronics

We investigate angular dependent spin-orbit torques from the spin Hall effect in a metallic antiferromagnet using the spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance technique. The large spin Hall effect exists in PtMn, a prototypical CuAu-I-type metallic antiferromagnet. By applying epitaxial growth, we previously reported an appreciable difference in spin-orbit torques for c- and a-axis orientated samples, implying anisotropic effects in magnetically ordered materials. In this work we demonstrate through bipolar-magnetic-field experiments a small but noticeable asymmetric behavior in the spin-transfer-torque that appears as a hysteresis effect. We also suggest that metallic antiferromagnets may be good candidates for the investigation of various unidirectional effects related to novel spin-orbitronics phenomena.
Reduction of bacteria attached to meat surfaces by washing with selected compounds.

Beef muscle and fat tissue were inoculated with either Listeria monocytogenes , Salmonella typhimurium , Staphylococcus aureus , or Serratia marcescens and washed with various compounds. There were no significant (P>0.05) differences in detachment and/or destruction of bacteria from lean tissue with phosphate buffer, ethanol, and NaCl, with all of the reductions being 0.05) between NaOH and KOH. Concentration (1%, 5%, and 10%) of the wash solution had a significant (P<0.05) effect on all four of the bacteria. D values were determined for the bacteria in the three concentrations of NaOH. The values ranged from a high of 41 sec for S. aureus in 1% to <1.2 sec for L. monocytogenes in 10% NaOH.
Study protocol for a web-based personalized normative feedback alcohol intervention for young adult veterans.

Young adult veterans from the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan represent a population at-risk for heavy and problematic alcohol use. Unfortunately, few seek treatment for alcohol concerns and those that do seek care may drop out from lengthy multicomponent treatments. Additionally, veterans who live in rural areas and those who are not engaged in the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System are often overlooked, difficult to engage in treatment, and may not be actively seeking treatment for heavy patterns of use that may develop into an alcohol use disorder. The objective of this proposed randomized controlled trial is to develop and pilot test a brief, stand-alone Internet-based alcohol intervention with young adult veterans to help them reduce their drinking and prevent the development of problematic alcohol use. Recruitment and intervention is delivered entirely over the Internet to address barriers to seeking care among this at-risk group. The online intervention consists of an assessment followed by a single module of personalized normative feedback (PNF), which provides individuals with accurate information to reduce misperceptions regarding the frequency and acceptability of risky peer behavior. PNF has established efficacy as included within multicomponent interventions targeting military populations or as a stand-alone intervention with young adult college students, but has not yet been empirically supported for the at-risk veteran population. This paper describes the development of the PNF intervention content and details the protocol for the intervention study, which will utilize a sample of 600 young adult veterans to examine the efficacy of the brief PNF intervention targeted toward reducing perceived norms, intentions to drink, actual drinking behavior, and consequences. Specific subpopulations of this veteran population, including those with mental health concerns and those differentiated by level of drinking problems, reasons for drinking, and connection to peers, will be examined to support generalizability of the intervention. This intervention has the potential to improve veteran health care by utilizing a novel approach to increase access to care, assist with drinking reductions, and prevent alcohol-related problems. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT02187887
Studies of Lathrobium (Lobrathium): revision of the grande species group (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae).

Lathrobium (Lobrathium) grande LeConte is redescribed; adults of L. emarginatum new species, late instars of L. grande and L. emarginatum, and the pupa of L. emarginatum are described for the first time. The two species are keyed, diagnostic characters illustrated, and distribution, habitat preference, and life cycle summarized. Based on characters from adults and larvae, monophyly for the grande species group is hypothesized, and the L. jacobinum species group (genus Lathrotropis of Casey) is suggested as its possible sister group.
Epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease in Yuexiu distrist of Guangzhou city between 2008 and 2009

Objective To find out the epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) in the Yuexiu distrist of Guangzhou city from 2008 to 2009.Method Data of HFMD reported from the Yuexiu district were collected through the national disease supervision information management system and analyzed.Results There were 1 331 cases of hand-foot-mouth disease reported in Yuexiu district of Guangzhou.The incidence rate was 3.96/10 000 in 2008 and 7.50/10 000 in 2009.The incidence rate in 2009 was higher than 2008 (χ2=125.7,P=0.000).The incidence rate of the disease in the age group between 2 to 4 years old was higher than the other age groups.The disease peaked at April-June.The incidence was high in the areas populated with the floating population and kindergartens were also at a higher risk of having disease outbreak.There were 61 and 120 confirmed cases in 2008 and 2009,respectively.EV71 was the major causative agents in 2008,but CoxA16 was the major agent in 2009.Conclusion The incidence rate of HFMD varied in different districts,age groups and seasons.Understanding the epidemiological features of HFMD is essential in the disease prevention.
Study on Calculation Method of Icing Line Based on Neural Network and Brillouin Scattering Monitoring Technology

According to problems in the online monitor of transmission line icing by using only point monitor termainals,such as short lift time of terminal,icing or fogging of dome camera,difficult calibration of force sensor,difficult installation and maintenance of terminal,and limited covering range,and so on,a calculation method of icing line based on neural network and Brillouin scattering monitoring technology is proposed.by the installation of Brillouin sensors at both ends of OPGW line,the strength and frequency shift of Brillouin scattering signals can be measured,which is used to calculate fiber temperature and strain.Strain and meteorological parameters are modeled based on RBF neural network to calculate the thickness of line icing.It is proveed by system operation data theat the proposed method,which effectively combines meteorological parameters,can correct the error of icing thickness calculated by the OPGW stress method and thus can improve the efficiency and accuracy of the line icing monitor.
Cutaneous and ocular ramifications of ultraviolet radiation.

In this article, the uses of photobiologic techniques such as ultraviolet B radiation and PUV A are discussed, as is a general review of their potential acute and chronic side effects. The authors then focus, in more extensive detail, on the potential acute and chronic ocular toxicity associated with these modalities.
Pain control with intrathecally and peridurally administered opioids and other drugs.

Sharp pain is conducted rapidly by myelinated delta A fibers and diffused pain slowly by nonmyelinated C fibers to pseudobipolar neurons in the posterior ganglion and from there to neurons located in the posterolateral horn of the spinal cord. From here on nociferous impulses are transmitted by excitatory peptides (e.g. substance P) or amino acids (e.g. glutamate, aspartate) through interconnecting neurons of the pain pathways, primarily on the contralateral side, to the brain stem and from there to the sensory cortex, where they are appreciated and acted upon. There are specific inhibitory receptors located on axon terminals, near to the release sites of the excitatory amino acids and peptides. Stimulation of these receptors by their appropriate ligands such as endogenous (e.g. enkephalis, endorphins) or exogenous opioids, clonidine, serotonin, somatostatin inhibits the release of excitatory neurotransmitters and relieves pain. There are at least 3 different opioid receptors, called mu-, kappa- and delta-receptors in the spinal cord. These can be differentiated from one another by their specific affinity toward different endogenous or exogenous opioids and the pure narcotic antagonist, naloxone. It appears that the nociferous impulses transmitted by parallel pathways equipped with different inhibitory receptors have to be integrated to produce pain sensation and partial inhibition of transmission in different pathways or complete inhibition in one of the pathways may relieve pain. In recent years the concept of "selective spinal analgesia" has been applied clinically for the relief of postoperative, obstetrical and chronic pain. At first it was expected that the intrathecal or peridural administration of morphine will produce analgesia without the side effects of systemically administered morphine. It soon became evident, however, that intrathecally and peridurally administered morphine after several hours of delay reaches the fourth ventricle and by stimulating mu-receptors may cause respiratory depression and other undesired effects (e.g. nausea, vomiting, pruritus). Several different approaches are being investigated for the production of selective spinal analgesia without side effects. They include: a. the use of more lipophilic, long-lasting opioids (e.g. lofentanil) which would be almost completely absorbed by the spinal cord and therefore would not reach the medullary centers; b. the development of opioids with specific affinity to kappa- and for delta- and little or no affinity to mu-receptors, primarily responsible for side effects; and c. combining lower doses of opioid agonists with alpha 2-adrenergic agonists (e.g. clonidine) or with somatostatin. It is conceivable that in the not-too-distant future, it will be possible to achieve through these measures, selective spinal analgesia without side effects.
Factor XI adsorption to surface: interaction of high molecular weight kininogen (HMWK) and a plasma adsorption inhibitor

High molecular weight kininogen (HMWK) plays an important role in surface activation of factor XI. These experiments were undertaken to evaluate the role of HMWK in factor XI adsorption to glass using purified 125I-labeled factor XI. Factor XI binding from Fitzgerald trait plasma was markedly reduced compared to normal plasma or other plasmas deficient in contact phase clotting factors; addition of exogenous HMWK to normal plasma levels corrected this defect. However, addition of higher concentrations of HMWK reduced factor XI binding. Addition of HMWK to normal plasma also reduced factor XI binding. In purified solutions, HMWK reduced factor XI binding to glass. Exposure of the glass to HMWK prior to addition of factor XI had no effect on factor XI binding. Factor XI adsorption from all plasmas was much less than from citrate-saline, and factor XI binding from both normal and Fitzgerald trait plasmas increased with increasing dilutions of the plasmas. These results lead to the conclusion that the direct effect of HMWK on factor XI is to reduce its ability to bind to glass by formation of a less adsorbable complex. The effect observed in Fitzgerald trait plasma, of increased factor XI binding on initial addition of kininogen, is an indirect effect achieved by counteracting another normal plasma activity which inhibits factor XI adsorption.
Doppler detection for linear FM waveform using extended matched filter

This paper proposes a Doppler detection method for Linear FM (LFM) waveform by identifying its location within the extended Matched Filter (MF). The extended MF of a LFM waveform is constructed by extending its frequency sweep on both sides. Doppler shift results in shifting the frequency sweep of the LFM waveform along the instantaneous frequency of its extended MF. Thus, identifying the location of the received LFM waveform within its extended MF results in detecting the Doppler shift of the LFM waveform. At the receiver, after carrier demodulation the highly sampled received signal is first passed into the extended MF. Timing of the mainlobe of the extended MF output is used to identify the highly sampled received signal containing the LFM waveform within the extended MF. Then, a running sum of these samples over a length equal to that of the highly sampled LFM waveform is computed. The maximum of this running sum occurs at the location of the LFM waveform within the extended MF which in turn results in identifying its Doppler shift. In comparison with the method of Doppler detection using a triangular FM waveform, it is shown that the proposed method has superior performance in the presence of additive noise.
Does reactivating a witnessed memory increase its susceptibility to impairment by subsequent misinformation

In a recent PNAS article, Chan and LaPaglia (2013) provided arguments and evidence to support the claim that reactivating a witnessed memory (by taking a test) renders the memory labile and susceptible to impairment by subsequent misinformation. In the current article, we argue that Chan and LaPaglia’s (2013) findings are open to alternative interpretations, and further test the hypothesis that reactivation increases a witnessed memory’s susceptibility to impairment. To this end, the current studies used a different set of materials and a different measure of memory impairment, the Modified Recognition Test (McCloskey & Zaragoza, 1985). In Experiment 1a, we established that our reactivation manipulation was effective by showing that we could replicate the well-established retrieval enhanced suggestibility effect with our materials. However, when we assessed potential impairment of the witnessed memory with the Modified Recognition Test (Experiments 1a and 1b), we failed to find evidence that reactivating the witnessed memory prior to misinformation impaired memory for the originally witnessed event. In Experiment 2, we replicated Chan and LaPaglia’s (2013) findings when we used their memory impairment measure (misinformation-free True/False Recognition Test) and showed why that test does not permit clear inferences about memory impairment. Collectively, the results showed that, although the reactivation manipulation increased susceptibility to suggestion (i.e., as evidenced by increased reporting of suggested misinformation), there was no evidence that reactivation through testing increased the original memory’s susceptibility to impairment.
Understanding Peripheral Bat Populations Using Maximum-Entropy Suitability Modeling.

Individuals along the periphery of a species distribution regularly encounter more challenging environmental and climatic conditions than conspecifics near the center of the distribution. Due to these potential constraints, individuals in peripheral margins are expected to change their habitat and behavioral characteristics. Managers typically rely on species distribution maps when developing adequate management practices. However, these range maps are often too simplistic and do not provide adequate information as to what fine-scale biotic and abiotic factors are driving a species occurrence. In the last decade, habitat suitability modelling has become widely used as a substitute for simplistic distribution mapping which allows regional managers the ability to fine-tune management resources. The objectives of this study were to use maximum-entropy modeling to produce habitat suitability models for seven species that have a peripheral margin intersecting the state of North Dakota, according to current IUCN distributions, and determine the vegetative and climatic characteristics driving these models. Mistnetting resulted in the documentation of five species outside the IUCN distribution in North Dakota, indicating that current range maps for North Dakota, and potentially the northern Great Plains, are in need of update. Maximum-entropy modeling showed that temperature and not precipitation were the variables most important for model production. This fine-scale result highlights the importance of habitat suitability modelling as this information cannot be extracted from distribution maps. Our results provide baseline information needed for future research about how and why individuals residing in the peripheral margins of a species’ distribution may show marked differences in habitat use as a result of urban expansion, habitat loss, and climate change compared to more centralized populations.
Abstract 218: PI3Kγ Regulates Age-Dependent Cardiac Hypertrophy Through Kinase-Independent GSK-3-PP2A Axis

Activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase α (PI3Kα) by Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (RTK) or PI3Kγ by G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) inhibits glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) via protein kinase B (Akt). We show that in addition to promoting GSK-3 phosphorylation through Akt, PI3Kγ in parallel suppresses PP2A dependent GSK-3 dephosphorylation. This is evidenced by accelerated GSK-3 dephosphorylation in PI3Kγ knock out (PI3Kγ-KO) mice downstream of RTK-PI3Kα-Akt axis despite robust Akt activation by insulin. Confocal microscopy and immunoblotting show marked reduction of steady state GSK-3 phosphorylation in PI3Kγ-KO compared to littermate controls. Assessment of GSK-3 dephosphorylating enzyme protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) showed significant elevation in PP2A and GSK-associated phosphatase activity in PI3Kγ-KO mice compared to controls. Mechanistically, we found that elevated PP2A activity in PI3Kγ-KO was due to PP2A methylation mediated by elevated PP2A methyl transferase (PPMT-1) activity. Consistent with the elevated anti-hypertrophic GSK-3 activity, we observed reduced heart size in PI3Kγ-KO mice at 6, 12, and 18 months compared to age matched littermate controls. To test in vivo whether PI3Kγ activity regulates cardiac GSK-3 function through PP2A, we bred transgenic mice with cardiac overexpression of inactive PI3Kγ (PI3Kγinact) with PI3Kγ-KO mice. Surprisingly, cardiac overexpression of PI3Kγinact transgene in PI3Kγ-KO background completely normalized cardiac PPMT-1 activity resulting in reduced PP2A activity and increased GSK-3 phosphorylation. Expression of PI3Kγinact transgene in PI3Kγ-KO resulted in normalization of heart size compared to PI3Kγ-KO littermates consistent with the increased GSK-3 phosphorylation and consequent inhibition of GSK-3 activity suggesting a novel kinase independent role of PI3Kγ downstream of growth factor receptor in regulating cardiac growth with age.
Welfare mothers’ grassroots activism for economic justice

Several events during the course of this research – including the Great Recession, Barack Obama’s election and presidency, and the Occupy and student protests – increasingly focused media attention...
Isotretinoin Use during Chemical Skin Resurfacing: A Review of Complications

Introduction:There is a great deal of concern when it comes to resurfacing the skin of patients who have recently taken or are taking isotretinoin. Much of the concern arises from reports of abnorm...
A New Genus and Species of Blattogryllidae from Kansas with Notes on Stereopterum rotundum Carpenter, 1950 (Euryptilonidae) in Oklahoma (Insecta: Polyneoptera: Eoblattida; Lower Permian)

Order Eoblattida Handlirsch, 1906, sensu Aristov, 2015, comprises 16 extinct families and a single extant one, Grylloblattidae Walker, 1914. Three species of the genus Stereopterum Carpenter, 1950 (Euryptilonidae) from the Elmo, Kansas and Midco, Oklahoma Lower Permian were the only Wellington Formation taxa attributed by Aristov (2015) to the Eoblattida. This assignment was based on work by Carpenter (1950, 1966), for the Kansas records and Beckemeyer and Hall (2007), for the Oklahoma record. In this paper, a new eoblattid genus and species is described based on a specimen collected by Paul Tasch in the 1960′s from the Lower Permian Wellington Formation of Marion County, Kansas and is assigned to family Blattogryllidae Rasnitsyn, 1976.