cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ZYC101a for Treatment of High-Grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia: A Randomized Controlled Trial

OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of a novel therapeutic, ZYC101a, for the treatment of women with histologically confirmed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2/3. ZYC101a contains plasmid-DNA–encoding fragments derived from the E6 and E7 proteins of h
Energy transfer in a bioluminescent system.

Many (but not all) of the bioluminescent systems in coelenter-ates involve energy transfer from an excited product molecule of the calcium activated photoprotein to a second species, the green fluorescent protein, with emission at 508 nm from its excited state. Although all the luminescent coelen-terates studied possess photoproteins, not all of them have the green fluorescent protein. This green fluorescent molecule is localized in the luminescent cells; they can thus be easily distinguished by fluorescence microscopy. The active components occur in subcellular particles; these have been isolated in an active form by homogenization in isotonic (to sea water) salt solutions.
Clinical Utility of Cardiac Computed Tomography

Technological advances have made cardiac computed tomography (CT) an important player in cardiac imaging. Cardiac CT has become a powerful tool in the armamentarium of cardiac risk stratification assessment of intermediate-risk patients, bypass grafts, stents, and anomalous coronary arteries. With advancement in accuracy and reliability, cardiac CT is becoming mainstream in everyday clinical cardiology. It is up to the clinician to use the technology effectively and appropriately. It is certain that cardiac CT technology will continue to improve.
Dynamic NMR studies of ligand‐receptor interactions: Design and analysis of a rapidly exchanging complex of FKBP‐12/FK506 with a 24 kDa calcineurin fragment

Dynamic NMR methods, such as differential line broadening and transferred NOE spectroscopy, are normally reserved for the study of small molecule ligand interactions with large protein receptors. Using a combination of isotope labeling and isotope edited NMR, we have extended these techniques to characterize interactions of a much larger protein/drug complex, FKBP-12/ FK506 with its receptor protein, calcineurin. In order to examine this multicomponent system by dynamic NMR methods, the 93 kDa, tightly bound FKBP-12/FK506/Cn complex was replaced with a lower affinity, rapidly exchanging system consisting of FKBP-12/FK506 (13 kDa), recombinant calcineurin subunit B (CnB) (20 kDa), and a synthetic peptide (4 kDa) corresponding to the B binding domain (BBD) of calcineurin catalytic subunit A (CnA). Analysis of 1H-13C HSQC data acquired for the FKBP-12/ 13C-FK506 and FKBP-12/13C-FK506/CnB/BBD complexes indicates that FKBP-12/FK506 and CnB/BBD are in fast exchange in the quaternary complex. Comparison of proton line widths shows significant broadening of resonances along the macrocycle backbone at 13-CH, 13-OMe, 15-OMe, 18-CH2, 20-CH, 21-CH, and 25-Me, as well as moderate broadening on the macrocycle backbone at 17-Me, 24-CH, and the pyranose 12-CH2 protons. The tri-substituted olefin and cyclohexyl groups also show moderate broadening at the 27-Me, 28-CH, and 30-CH2 positions, respectively. Unexpectedly, little line broadening was observed for the allyl resonances of FK506 in the quaternary complex, although 13C longitudinal relaxation measurements suggest this group also makes contacts with calcineurin. In addition, intermolecular transfer NOE peaks were observed for the allyl 37-CH2, 21-CH, 30-CH2, 13-OMe, 15-OMe, 17-Me, 25-Me, and 27-Me groups, indicating that these are potential sites on the FK506 molecule that interact with calcineurin.
Structural Impediments to Condom Access in a High HIV/STI-Risk Area

As embarrassment is a known obstacle to condom acquisition, selling condoms from physically inaccessible places that require personnel assistance constitutes a barrier to access. This study investigates the extent of this barrier in the Bronx, a high HIV/STI prevalence county of New York. 75 of 320 listed Bronx pharmacies were sampled via computer randomization. Investigators coded condom placement and physical accessibility within these pharmacies and 140 surrounding stores. 91% of sites sold condoms. In 82%, condoms could not be accessed without assistance. Condoms were physically inaccessible in venues most encountered in the community: grocery stores versus pharmacies (OR=15; 95% CI, 5-48), independent versus chain pharmacies (OR=32; 95% CI, 6-235). They were physically inaccessible more in the lowest SES/highest HIV prevalence areas versus the highest SES/lowest HIV prevalence areas (OR = 4.3, 95% CI, 1.1-17). Findings can inform efforts to increase accessibility of condoms, distribute condoms in alternative settings, and prompt similar investigations in other high-risk communities.
Helium-burning flashes on accreting neutron stars - Effects of stellar mass, radius, and magnetic field

The effects of a neutron-star mass, radius, and surface magnetic field on the character of helium-burning flashes are studied. It is found that the effects of mass and radius can be described by simple scaling relations. A strong magnetic field decreases the radiative and conductive opacities and inhibits convection in the neutron-star surface layers.
The determinants of a mother's choice of family structure

This study attempts to clarify the effect of welfare generosity on family structure while controlling for community mores, local labor market conditions, and other sociodemographic characteristics. In the existing AFDC (Aid to Families with Dependent Children) literature, these latter factors have been largely ignored. The empirical analysis is conducted by linking individual-level data from the 1987 National Survey of Families and Households (NSFH) with information on county-level unemployment rates, state AFDC benefits, and proxies of community mores. In particular, the detailed nature of the NSFH data set provides a unique opportunity to investigate the social and economic determinants of cohabitation, among other family structures. Local labor market conditions are found to significantly affect marriage and single-motherhood, while community conservatism is found to discourage the least conventional family structure — cohabitation. Finally, this study raises some question about the effect of AFDC policy on marriage and related events. Specifically, AFDC's statistical impact is found to be sensitive to the inclusion of an explicit measure of community conservatism in the empirical model specification.
First Graders Talk About Paintings

Abstract As part of a year-long exploration of the development of visual literacy among children, subjects talked and wrote about paintings, picture books, and films. The program introduced children to visual elements (such as line) and compositional principles (such as balance). It also acquainted them with the work of well-known artists and children's illustrators. One aspect of the research investigated the effectiveness of various styles of art as a stimulus for oral language. This part of the study involved children at the beginning and end of the year in choosing from among reproductions of two distinctly different visual styles (Winslow Homer and Paul Klee) and in dictating stories or descriptions about their choice. Patterns of choice shifted considerably during the year. The amount of language generated changed—in the first dictation, urban children's language exceeded that of suburban children; in the second measure, the outcome was reversed. The relative position of kinds of comments remained s...
Use of Science in Autism Policy Development

Though ultimately beneficial to society, interactions between science and politics require careful tending. Because science is an exercise in trial and error, public policy development can be affected by both scientific missteps and the length of time it takes to produce reasonable scientific certainty. Introduction of scientific findings, especially more preliminary ones, into the political process has a mixed record. Understanding how these tensions play out in contemporary politics is important for both disability studies and policy studies generally. This article explores how science and scientific evidence is employed by stakeholders engaged with autism policy development in the United States.
The random packing of circles in a plane

A computer simulation study was made of the random packing of unimodal and bimodal circle size distributions under the influence of a weak central force. The random packing fraction of noninteracting circles of uniform diameter was determined to be 0.82. This should be compared with the fraction in hexagonal close packing, 0.907, and in cubical close packing, 0.785. For bimodal distributions with diameter ratios of 1:5 (for which the small circles are just slightly too large to fit into the interstices of hexagonally close-packed large circles) the packing fractions showed a maximum of 0.85 when the number ratios were between 10 and 20. An attempt was made to correlate results obtained on the packing behavior of circles in a plane to those obtained for spheres in space.
Outcomes based medicine in veterinary surgery: getting hard measures of subjective outcomes.

MAJOR PROBLEM facing veterinary surgeons is the lack of high-quality evidence available for optimal decision making. Ideally, fair and direct head-tohead comparisons of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions would allow us to make well-informed decisions for our patients. This type of information, however, is rarely available for many reasons, not the least of which is a lack of consensus about what it is exactly we wish to compare. Ideally, comparisons would be made based on clinically relevant, widely available, easy to use, well validated, and objective outcome measures. Unfortunately, no such measures currently exist and investigators are forced to choose which attributes of an outcome measure
CO2 ice clouds in the upper atmosphere of Mars

Recent (Sept. 1996–Sept. 1997) observations of Mars submillimeter CO lines from the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) on Mauna Kea, Hawaii have revealed surprisingly cold temperatures as typical of the Mars atmosphere over the 50–80 km altitude region. Measurements of these J=2->3 and J=3->4 rotational transitions of Mars atmospheric 12CO provide unique seasonal coverage of global-averaged, dayside temperatures within this poorly observed mesophere of Mars. At solar longitudes (Ls) of 8°, 90°, 150°, and 187° in 1996–97, the mean atmospheric temperature for the 70–80 km (2.0–0.3 µbars) altitude region is observed to be at or below 120 K, which is only 10–15 K above the vapor saturation temperature for the CO2 Mars atmosphere. Consequently, local CO2 saturation conditions at these altitudes would be likely to exist and, in fact, were observed during the 3 AM descent entry of the Pathfinder spacecraft, on July 4, 1997. We argue that the blue wave clouds imaged from the Pathfinder lander 35–100 minutes prior to sunrise on Sol 39 are evidence of such CO2 ice formation within the 60–100 km altitude region; and that the 4.3 µm CO2 lines of solar scattered flux, in Mariner 6 and 7 infrared limb spectra of Mars are a direct spectral identification of CO2 ice cloud formation in the dayside Mars mesosphere. Simple considerations of these Pathfinder and Mariner 6 and 7 observations suggest 0.1–0.3 µm cloud particle radii, and particle number densities of the order 10² cm−3. On the basis of a variety of such day and night time measurements, we assert that the mesosphere of Mars does not exhibit extreme (25 K) diurnal temperature variations as maintained by the Pathfinder meteorology team; and that it is often substantially colder (>20 K) than determined from the Viking descent measurements in 1976 due to temporal variations in dust loading of this region.
Purification of cytosolic cAMP-independent protein kinases from rat ventral prostate

Abstract 1. 1. Two cAMP-independent protein kinases were purified from rat ventral-prostate and liver cytosol, and were designated PK-Cl and PK-C2 to distinguish them from the nuclear protein kinases described in the preceding paper. 2. 2. The yield of the prostate enzymes was about 5% each, and about 10% each for the liver enzymes. The average fold purification of the prostatic enzymes was 1892 and 3176 for protein kinase Cl and C2, respectively. Their average respective specific activity towards casein was 40,111 and 67,340 nmol 32 P incorporated/hr per mg of enzyme protein. 3. 3. protein kinase Cl comprised one polypeptide of M r 39,000 which underwent phosphorylation in the presence of Mg 2+ + ATP. Protein kinase C2 comprised three polypeptides of M r 41,000; 38,000; 26,000. Of these only the M r 26,000 polypeptide was autophosphorylated. 4. 4. The Mg 2+ requirement for protein kinase Cl and C2 was between 1 and 4 mM depending on the nature of the protein substrate. Both enzymes were stimulated by 100–200 mM NaCl. 5. 5. K m for ATP for Cl and C2 kinases was 0.01 mM; GTP could be used only by protein kinase C2 but with a markedly lower affinity. 6. 6. The enzymes were active towards casein, phosvitin, dephosphophosvitin, and spermine-binding protein in vitro , but demonstrated little activity towards histones. 7. 7. Despite several similarities in these general properties of cytosolic protein kinases Cl and C2 with those of nuclear protein kinases N1 and N2, a number of difference are also noted.
Customer order scheduling in a general job shop environment

The primary objective of this study is to examine the performance of order-based dispatching rules in a general job shop, where the environmental factors are shop utilization and due date tightness. An order is defined as a collection of jobs that are shipped as a group—an order—to the customer, only on completion of the last job of the order. We specifically compare dispatching rules from past job-based studies to some rules adapted to encompass order characteristics. Standard flow time and tardiness measures are used, but in addition, we introduce measures that combine average performance with variation in an attempt to capture the performance of a majority of the orders processed in the shop. Of the 16 dispatching rules tested, our results show that four of the simple rules dominate the others. We also found that order-based rules perform better than their job-based counterparts. The study makes use of multivariate statistical analysis, in addition to the usual univariate tests, which can provide additional insight to managers using multiple criteria in their decision process.
Prosocial Organizational Behaviors

The construct of prosocial organizational behavior is defined and 13 specific forms are described. They vary according to whether they are functional or dysfunctional for organizational effectiveness, prescribed or not prescribed as part of one's organizational role, and directed toward an individual or organizational target. Potential predictors and determinants drawn from the social psychological literature suggest an agenda for research in organizational settings.
Building on mathematical events in the classroom

Mathematical events from classrooms were used as stimuli to encourage mathematical discussion in two groups of mathematics teachers at the secondary level. Each event was accompanied by an analysis of mathematics that would be useful to the teacher in such a situation. The Situations, mathematical events and analyses, were used originally to create a framework describing the Mathematical Proficiency for Teaching at the Secondary Level, and then they were used with both Prospective and Practicing teachers to validate the framework. Teachers involved in the validation research claimed that the process was instructional. The process is explained, and teachers’ quotes provide evidence that the experience provoked changes in teachers’ understanding of mathematics. This process, which builds on mathematical events from the classroom, holds potential as a professional development experience that helps teachers expand their expertise in teaching mathematics.
Optical fiber and photodetector array for robotic seam tracking

A new noncontact optical preview sensing technique, developed at Georgia Tech, for possible application to a robotic seam tracking system is presented in this paper. This technique uses a structured laser illumination source, SELFOC Lens Array (SLA) coupled to fiberoptic array and phototransistor (photodetector) array. The hardware and software components, and the experimental results are described in this paper. The manuscript is divided into five chapters as indicated below. Chapter I is the introduction, Chapter II describes the hardware while Chapter III explains the experimental procedures. The development of specialized data processing software is presented in Chapter IV. Fmally, Chapter V discusses the results and conclusions.© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
German cockroach resistance: Propoxur selection induces the same resistance spectrum as diazinon selection

A resistant laboratory strain of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica, was developed from a normal laboratory strain by selection with propoxur. Resistance to all insecticides except chlordane began increasing after 15 generations of selection and reached a plateau for most insecticides by generation 27. The resistant colony, designated B-strain, developed significant resistance to carbamates, organophosphorus compounds, pyrethrins and DDT, developed low resistance to gamma-BHC and no resistance to chlordane. The resistance spectrum, effect of synergists and inheritance of resistance of this propoxur resistant strain are similar to a diazinon resistant strain. Therefore, diazinon and propoxur may select for the same resistance mechanism(s) in this species. The practical implications of this research are discussed.
Multi-Wavelength Fluorescence Diffuse Fluorescence Flow Cytometry for Detection and Enumeration of Very Rare Circulating Cells In Vivo

We describe a new instrument for fluorescence detection and enumeration of very rare circulating cells with diffuse light in mice and validate its operation at cell concentrations less than 5e3 / mL in vivo.
Less invasive arterial CABG on a beating heart

Background. Competitive status of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and stenting has stimulated an interest in minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting. Methods. Between April 1994 and September 1996, 156 patients with a mean age of 67 ± 10 years have undergone minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting via minithoracotomy, subxiphoid incision, or both with internal mammary artery, right gastroepiploic artery, and radial artery grafting using local coronary occlusion on a beating heart with immobilization of the coronary artery target sites with traction sutures and mechanical regional cardiac wall immobilization platform. Results. Morbidity included wound infection (3), reoperation for bleeding (5), atrial fibrillation (12), central nervous system complication (1), and perioperative myocardial infarction (5). Cardiac-related operative mortality was 1.2% (2/156). Predominantly single grafting was done in 128 patients. Routine angiographic and Doppler echocardiographic flow assessment of anastomotic patency showed an overall patency rate of 92%. In 52 recent consecutive patients in whom the regional cardiac wall mechanical stabilization platform was used, the patency rate of the left internal mammary artery-to-left anterior descending coronary artery graft was improved to 96.2%. With a mean followup of 9.2 ± 7.4 months, cardiac event-free interval (percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, reoperative coronary artery bypass grafting, or death) in 111 patients was 91%. Conclusions. Minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting is safe and effective with good early and midterm clinical results, especially with left internal mammary artery-to-left anterior descending coronary artery grafting via minithoracotomy. Regional cardiac wall immobilization of coronary artery target sites enhances the early graft patency in a predictable manner (96.2%), and this method should be an essential part of all minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass graft operations with left internal mammary artery-to-left anterior descending artery grafts via minithoracotomy. Further study is required to establish the long-term efficacy of minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting and the treatment of coronary artery disease.
Analysis of factors influencing bicycle-vehicle interactions on urban roadways by ordered probit regression

A study of the impacts of roadway environment, motorist behavior, and bicyclist behavior on bicyclist-motorist interactions was based on video footage of traffic movements during peak commuting hours at four locations in Austin, Texas. The study developed three unique models of ordered probit regression that describe bicyclist lateral location, bicyclist-motorist interaction movement, and bicyclist-motorist lateral interaction distance. This structure of discrete choice model was used for the first time to address bicycle-vehicle interactions and offered more meaningful results because it used a latent measure of bicyclists' and motorists' mutual acceptance and comfort level sharing a roadway. It was demonstrated that adding "sharrows" and "Share the Road" signage promoted safer interactions on narrow urban roadways, whereas simply widening travel lanes and adding on-street parking did not necessarily improve bicyclist-motorist interactions.
Single nucleotide primer extension to detect genetic diseases: experimental application to hemophilia B (factor IX) and cystic fibrosis genes.

Abstract In this report, we describe an approach to detect the presence of abnormal alleles in those genetic diseases in which frequency of occurrence of the same mutation is high (e.g., cystic fibrosis and sickle cell disease), and in others in which multiple mutations cause the disease and the sequence variation in an affected member of a given family is known (e.g., hemophilia B). Initially, from each subject, the DNA fragment containing the putative mutation site is amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. For each fragment two reaction mixtures are then prepared. Each contains the amplified fragment, a primer (18-mer or longer) whose sequence is identical to the coding sequence of the normal gene immediately flanking the 5' end of the mutation site, and either an alpha-32P-labeled nucleotide corresponding to the normal coding sequence at the mutation site or an alpha-32P-labeled nucleotide corresponding to the mutant sequence. Single nucleotide primer extensions are then carried out and analyzed by denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. As predicted by the Watson-Crick base-pair rule, in the wild type only the normal base, in an affected member only the mutant base, and in carriers both the normal and the mutant base are incorporated into the primer. Thus, an essential feature of the present methodology is that the base immediately 3' to the template-bound primer is one of those altered in the mutant, since in this way an extension of the primer by a single base will give an extended molecule characteristic of either the mutant or the wild type. The method is rapid and should be useful in carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis of every genetic disease with a known sequence variation.
Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer Photometry of RS Canum Venaticorum Systems: Four Flaring Megaseconds

We present an analysis of 12.2 Ms of Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer (EUVE) photometry of 16 RS CVn systems (including four flaring megaseconds). Our study attempts a systematic categorization of stellar coronal emission in RS CVn binary systems. The temporal resolution of the EUVE satellite and the opportunity for long observations enables us to study separately the quiescent and flaring states of RS CVn systems. Thirty of 31 observations are statistically variable. We examine light curves, characterizing both phase-dependent variations and large- and small-scale flaring. There is evidence for small-scale stochastic variability on the one short-period (Porb 0.5Porb and thus cannot originate from compact emission regions close to the stellar surfaces. Many flares have unusual flare morphologies, with rise times comparable to or greater than the decay time, and emission plateaus. In addition, eight flares have decay phases that are fit better by a broken power law than a single power law. The decay times for the second power law are statistically different than the single decay times and are correlated with the flare rise times. This observed connection points to the potential importance of the change in decay rate as a means of examining the physical processes operating during the flare. The distribution of orbital phases of flare onsets on V711 Tau (HR 1099), the best-studied RS CVn in our sample, is consistent with a Poisson distribution that is random in time. In two systems that are partially eclipsing (CF Tuc and ER Vul), we find no evidence for an eclipse in the light curve, indicating that the emission region is large compared to the stellar radius. We parameterize the distribution of flare energies as a power law, finding a cut-off energy of ≈1033 ergs and a slope of -0.6. Flare energy increases with flare duration as E∝Δt1.42, confirming the long-duration nature of high-energy flares on RS CVn systems. The integrated flare luminosity depends on the quiescent luminosity as Lflare∝L1.05quiescent. Flare frequencies range from 0.1 day-1 to 1.5 day-1. For observations not affected by the dead spot on the Deep Survey detector, 40% of the observed time was spent in a flaring state, indicating that flaring is a "normal" state for the coronae of these systems. We note the presence of a quasi-periodicity in EUVE photometric data on the order of 1 day, which is not corrected for in the standard reduction and analysis software.
Nineteenth Century Theological and Cultural Influences on Adolf Harnack

There are growing evidences of a sense of concern with respect to the interpretation accorded Adolf Harnack and his liberal colleagues in the three decades since his death. As a result, appeals have been made for a re-evaluation of liberal theology, and of Harnack in particular. Certainly one of the tasks which is pre-requisite to such a reassessment is a consideration of the historical situation which shaped Harnack's thought and in some measure, at least, determined the options for his own position. Perhaps this article may contribute to this preliminary discussion, and nothing more ambitious than a consideration of Harnack's background and cultural environment, with a concluding characterization of his position, will be attempted here.
The structural stability of the B2 and L10 phases in the system PdZn

Abstract The precise lattice parameters of the β′ (B2) and β1 (L10) phases in the system PdZn were determined by means of X-rays at 21 °C on alloys quenched from 850 °C. The parameters of the β1 phase have the following values at the stoichiometric composition: a fct = 4.0900 A , c fct = 3.3415 A . An evaluation of the lattice parameters in terms of the partial molar volumes of Pd and Znyields the following values for both phases: V Pd = 8.96 cm 3 (g atom)−1, V Zn = 7.87 cm 3 (g atom)−1. The values for the pure metals are VPd0 = 8.87 cm3 (g atom)−1 and VZn0 = 9.16 cm3 (g atom)−1, respectively. It is suggested that the decrease of V Zn on forming the intermetallic phases is due to an electron transfer from Zn to Pd. The resulting ionic bonding is thought to be a major contribution to the stability of the B2 and L10 structures in the system PdZn. A comparison of a number of Pd- and Pt-based L10 phases indicates that the degree of tetragonality of these phases is related to the contribution of ionic bonding.
Examination of solidification pathways and the liquidus surface in the Nb-Ti-Al system

The solidification pathways, subsequent solid-state transformations, and the liquidus surface in the Nb-Ti-Al system have been examined as part of a larger investigation of phase equilibria in Nb-Ti-Al intermetallic alloys. Fifteen alloys ranging in composition from 15 to 40 at. pct Al, with Nb to Ti ratios of 4:1, 2:1, 1.5:1, 1:1, and 1:1.5, were prepared by arc melting and the as-cast microstructures were characterized by optical microscopy (OM), microhardness, X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA), backscattered electron imaging (BSEI), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results indicate that the range of primary β solidification is much wider than that indicated in previously reported liquidus surfaces, both experimental and calculated. Differential thermal analysis has identified the existence of a β to σ+γ transformation in three alloys where it was previously thought not to exist; confirmation was provided by high-temperature vacuum heat treatments in the single-phase β region followed by rapid quenching. The location of the boundary between the β, σ, and δ primary solidification fields has been redefined. A massive β → δ transformation, which was observed in the cast microstructure of a Nb-25Ti-25Al alloy, was repeatable through cooling following homogenization. A β → δ+σ eutectoid-like transformation in the 25 at. pct Al alloys, was detected by DTA and evaluated through microstructural analysis of heat-treated samples. Trends in the β phase with variations in composition were established for both lattice parameters and microhardness. As a result of this wider extent of the primary β solidification field, a greater possibility exists for microstructural control through thermal processing for alloys consisting of either σ+γ, β+σ, or β+δ phases.
Thermal enzymes. VII. Further data on an adenosinetriphosphatase.

Abstract A heat-stable ATPase, previously characterized by Militzer and Tuttle (1), has been the subject of further investigation. The enzyme has been established as a true ATPase, catalyzing the removal of the terminal phosphorus from ATP. Experiments with varying magnesium-ion concentrations suggest that the role of the activating ion may be the formation of a chelate complex with the pyrophosphate group of ATP to make available to the enzyme a substrate upon which it is active. The Michaelis behavior also emphasizes the importance of substrate-magnesium-ion stoichiometry in promoting optimum catalytic activity. The Michaelis constant at pH 8.5 was found to be 3.2 × 10−3M, identical with the previously determined value at this pH using an excess of magnesium ions.
The prevalence of severe mental disorder among male urban jail detainees: Comparison with the epidemiologic catchment area program

This paper presents the prevalence rates of schizophrenia and major affective disorders by age and race among a random sample of male jail detainees. Subjects were administered the National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule (NIMH-DIS). The jail prevalence rates were then compared with general population data from the five-city Epidemiologic Catchment Area program using difference of proportion tests and loglinear analysis. After controlling for demographic differences between the jail and five-city samples, the jail prevalence rates were still two to three times higher than those in the general population. These findings suggest several public policy modifications concerning the psychiatric management of our burgeoning jail population.
One-port video assisted laparoscopic kidney biopsy in standing steers.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to simplify the two-port laparoscopic renal biopsy technique used in support of pharmacokinetic studies through the application of a one-port system. Twelve Holstein steers were fasted for 24 h and sedated with acepromazine and xylaxine in preparation for laparoscopic surgery in standing stocks. Lidocaine 2% was injected to provide local anesthesia for introduction of the trocar-cannula assembly. The operating endoscope was inserted and the abdomen was insufflated with CO2. A biopsy forceps was introduced into the channel of the operating endoscope to obtain a 100 mg kidney cortex sample. Eighteen laparoscopic procedures provided 18 kidney samples suitable for pharmacokinetic studies. No complications were encountered. The one-port laparoscopic kidney biopsy is feasible and safe, and advanced skill required for triangulation is not necessary for its performance.
Antigen retrieval in cryostat tissue sections and cultured cells by treatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)

A simple method for antigen retrieval in tissue sections and cell cultures is described. Because many antibodies recognize denatured proteins on western blots, but are poorly reactive by immunocytochemistry, the effect of applying sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) to cryostat sections of tissues and to cell cultures prior to immunostaining was examined. In many cases, a 5-min pretreatment with 1% SDS produced a dramatic increase in staining intensity by indirect immunofluorescence. Among the antibodies tested that showed a positive effect of SDS were an anti-Na/K-ATPase monoclonal antibody, an anti-AE1/2 anion exchanger polyclonal antipeptide antibody, a monoclonal anti-caveolin antibody, and an anti-rab4 monoclonal antibody. In other cases, including antibodies against gp330, aquaporin 1, and aquaporin 2, no effect of SDS was detected. The results show that SDS treatment can be used as a simple method of antigen retrieval in cryostat sections and on cultured cells. In some cases, antigens were not detectable without pretreatment with SDS.
A case study on wintertime inversions in Interior Alaska with WRF

The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is run in various configurations for a five day cold weather period with multi-day inversions over Interior Alaska. Comparison of the simulations with radiosonde data and surface observations shows that WRF's performance for these inversions strongly depends on the physical packages chosen. Simulated near-surface air temperatures as well as dew-point temperatures differ about 4 K on average depending on the physical packages used. All simulations have difficulties in capturing the full strength of the surface temperature inversion and in simulating strong variations of dew-point temperature profiles. The greatest discrepancies between simulated and observed vertical profiles of temperature and dew-point temperature occur around the levels of great wind shear. Out of the configurations tested the radiation schemes of the Community Atmosphere Model combined with the Rapid Update Cycle land surface model and modified versions of the Medium Range Forecast model's surface layer and atmospheric boundary layer schemes capture the inversion situation best most of the time.
Endothelial cell lineages of the heart

During early gastrulation, vertebrate embryos begin to produce endothelial cells (ECs) from the mesoderm. ECs first form primitive vascular plexus de novo and later differentiate into arterial, venous, capillary, and lymphatic ECs. In the heart, the five distinct EC types (endocardial, coronary arterial, venous, capillary, and lymphatic) have distinct phenotypes. For example, coronary ECs establish a typical vessel network throughout the myocardium, whereas endocardial ECs form a large epithelial sheet with no angiogenic sprouting into the myocardium. Neither coronary arteries, veins, and capillaries, nor lymphatic vessels fuse with the endocardium or open to the heart chamber. The developmental stage during which the specific phenotype of each cardiac EC type is determined remains unclear. The mechanisms involved in EC commitment and diversity can however be more precisely defined by tracking the migratory patterns and lineage decisions of the precursors of cardiac ECs.
Impaired Recognition Memory and Decreased Prefrontal Cortex Spine Density in Aged Female Rats

Aged F344 female rats (21 months) showed decreased performance, as compared to young rats (4 months), on an object recognition memory task. Golgi impregnation measured dendritic spine density of pyramidal neurons in the prefrontal cortex (layer II-III), a brain area important for recognition memory. Densities of spines in aged rats were 16% lower in tertiary, apical dendrites, but not significantly different in secondary basal dendrites. Concurrent measures of memory and spine density in the young and aged subjects show that age-related declines in recognition memory are associated with decreased cortical spine density.
Nonionic adsorption of aromatic amino acids on a cation-exchange resin

Abstract Nonionic adsorption of aromatic amino acids on a cation-exchange resin (Dowex 50W-X8) was studied. At low concentrations, phenylalanine and tyrosine were adsorbed on the resin by monovalent ion-exchange process. Deviation from stoichiometric ion exchange became large as phenylalanine and tyrosine concentrations increased. On the other hand, aliphatic amino acids, glycine and alanine, were adsorbed on the resin by monovalent ion-exchange process. In column breakthrough experiments, the bed capacities for phenylalanine and tyrosine were higher than those for metal ions (Na+, Pb2+, and Ni2+) and the aliphatic amino acids. The increased capacities may be due to nonionic interaction between the aromatic amino acids and the polystyrene resin matrix. The nonionic interaction could be suppressed in 25% ethanol solution.
A device to measure the cross-sectional area of soft connective tissues

A device has been designed and fabricated to measure the cross-sectional area of soft connective tissues ex vivo. It consists of two displacement transducers: one sensing tissue thickness and the other sensing width. Outputs are recorded (via an analog to digital interface) using a personal computer. Numerical integration of a thickness versus width plot computes cross-sectional area. This plot also provides a quality check of acquired data. The data were successfully used in biomechanical studies of rabbit patellar tendons, rat medial collateral ligaments, and dissected specimens of human fascia. >
Simulations of bypass transition

Bypass transition in an initially laminar boundary layer beneath free-stream turbulence is simulated numerically. New perspectives on this phenomenon are obtained from the numerical flow fields. Transition precursors consist of long backward jets contained in the fluctuating u-velocity field; they flow backwards relative to the local mean velocity. The jets extend into the upper portion of the boundary layer, where they interact with free-stream eddies. In some locations a free-stream perturbation to the jet shear layer develops into a patch of irregular motion – a sort of turbulent spot. The spot spreads longitudinally and laterally, and ultimately merges into the downstream turbulent boundary layer. Merging spots maintain the upstream edge of the turbulent region. The jets, themselves, are produced by low-frequency components of the free-stream turbulence that penetrate into the laminar boundary layer. Backward jets are a component of laminar region streaks.A method to construct turbulent inflow from Orr–Sommerfeld continuous modes is described. The free-stream turbulent intensity was chosen to correspond with the experiment by Roach & Brierly (1990). Ensemble-averaged numerical data are shown to be in good agreement with laboratory measurements.
Information processing models generating lognormally distributed reaction times

Abstract The lognormal distribution has been fitted successfully to empirical reaction times (RTs), yet mechanisms that might generate lognormally distributed (RTs are unknown. Thus, the lognormal has the status of an ad-hoc distribution in RT research. In this paper we describe mechanisms that could generate the lognormal distribution and show how specific RT models can be constructed within the framework of general mathematical properties of the lognormal. It is demonstrated that various conceptually different mechanisms could produce lognormally distributed RTs.
The Emergence of Hybrid Online Distribution Channels in Travel, Tourism and Hospitality

This article takes a comprehensive approach to summarize the four digital eras in the travel and tourism space since 1960s. The four eras discussed can be characterized as GDS (global distribution systems), Internet, SoLoMo, and Hybrid periods. Key components of each era are discussed in this paper with respect to the hospitality industry’s distribution intermediaries. The article concludes by listing some of the important upcoming trends in the online distribution channels for the hospitality industry.
Results of spraying and dusting potatoes in Michigan in 1946

In the experiments at the Lake City Experiment Station, potatoes sprayed with Dithane-zinc sulfate-lime DDT and F48-Bordow-Dethyl gave yields significanly better than those of any other materials employed. It seems possible that lack of injury to the plants from these materials or this factor and the added effect of DDT may be responsible for the increased yields. Bordeaux mixture 8-12-100, Zerlate and Yellow Cuprocide Tribasic-DDT ground together and DDT alone resulted in yields higher than those of the other materials employed, although these differences in yield were not statistically significant in every case. The results of the dusting experiments, using fixed coppers in comparison with monohydrated copper sulfate-lime showed no significant differences in yield between these materials plus DDT or DDT alone. Considerable variation in yield was found between plots sprayed with the same materials in different counties in the Upper Peninsula. Using the plots of identical materials in each of three counties as added replicates of materials, there was no significant difference in yield between the various sprays. Late blight was absent in the Lake City Experiment Station tests and early blight was present in only slight amounts. In the Upper Peninsula plots late blight was present in Menominee, Schoolcraft, Marquette and Houghton counties but its development was stopped by early killing frosts before any appreciable damage resulted.
Multi-physics MRI-based two-layer fluid-structure interaction anisotropic models of human right and left ventricles with different patch materials: Cardiac function assessment and mechanical stress analysis

Multi-physics right and left ventricle (RV/LV) fluid-structure interaction (FSI) models were introduced to perform mechanical stress analysis and evaluate the effect of patch materials on RV function. The FSI models included three different patch materials (Dacron scaffold, treated pericardium, and contracting myocardium), two-layer construction, fiber orientation, and active anisotropic material properties. The models were constructed based on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) images acquired from a patient with severe RV dilatation and solved by ADINA. Our results indicate that the patch model with contracting myocardium leads to decreased stress level in the patch area, improved RV function and patch area contractility.
The Psycarticles Database: Attributes and Limitations:

This paper presents an overview on the main features of the new APA database, PsycARTICLES, with a focus on the citation searching option. Both positive aspects and limitations of the file are noted.
Cardiovascular effects of naloxone, naltrexone and morphine in the squirrel monkey

Heart rate (HR) and mean arterial blood pressure (BP) were recorded from conscious, chair-restrained squirrel monkeys surgically prepared with chronically indwelling arterial and venous catheters to determine the effects of acute intravenous injections of two opiate antagonists and an agonist. Naloxone (0.3--10.0 mg/kg) or naltrexone (0.3--10.0 mg/kg) had little effect on HR or BP during a 30-minute post-injection period. Morphine (3.0--5.6 mg/kg) produced biphasic effects comprising an initial decrease followed by an increase in HR, and an increase followed by a decrease in BP. Lower morphine doses had lesser effects during a 100-minute post-injection period. Pretreatment with 0.03 mg/kg naloxone attenuated the depressive effect of morphine on HR and BP, but increases in HR and BP due to morphine were enhanced. Pretreatment with 0.3 mg/kg naloxone prevented morphine-induced decreases in HR and BP, yet increases in HR and BP persisted. In previous behavioral studies, morphine in combination with naloxone similarly increased rates of responding in the squirrel monkey. Together, these data suggest an effect of naloxone that goes beyond mere pharmacological antagonism of the effects of morphine.
Thin-Layer Chromatography of the N-Substituted Maleimides on Alumina: Stereochemical Factors

Abstract The N-phenyl-; N-benzyl-; o, m, and p N-(methylphenyl)-; o, m, and p N-(chlorophenyl)-; o and p N-(methoxyphenyl)-; and o, m, and p N-(nitrophenyl) maleimides were prepared. Ultraviolet spectroscopic studies indicated that in all cases the o isomers were sterically hindered and nonplaner, whereas the m and p isomers were planer accompanied by increased delocalization of the π elections. Chromatography in four solvent systems on alumina-C showed the o-Me and o-Cl compounds to be retained more firmly, than the MeO and NO2 families. It was concluded that charge-transfer interaction of delocalized π electrons with the surface was secondary to specific group interactions, that the projecting imide carbonyl group of the o-Me and o-Cl isomers was favorable to retention, and that there was concerted action of the carbonyl and substituent groups of the MeO and NO2 families with the surface, so that the planer m and p isomers were better adsorbed because of a favorable posture on the surface.
Lie algebras of first- and second-order operators

We investigate the possible Lie-algebraic structure(s) that can be imposed on the generatorsJ i of a Lie algebra combined with those of the formJ i J m . We show that for low-dimensional Lie algebras of physical interest such asO(3),O(3,1) andE(2) this program can be carried out successfully. Physically such a construction is of interest in the treatment of nonlinear Hamiltonians and the classification of their states.
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of N-Phenylsuccinimide

A microwave-assisted synthesis of N-phenylsuccinimide has been developed for the second-semester organic teaching laboratory. Utilizing this procedure, N-phenylsuccinimide can be synthesized in moderate yields (40–60%) by heating a mixture of aniline and succinic anhydride in a domestic microwave oven for four minutes. This technique reduces the reaction time as compared to the traditional synthesis by several hours, which allows the preparation to be achieved in a single organic chemistry laboratory period. This reaction is performed in the absence of solvent, is energy efficient, and is atom economical; therefore, it represents a “greener” preparation than the traditional synthesis of N-phenylsuccinimide.
Self-assembly of carbon nanotubes into two-dimensional geometries using DNA origami templates

A central challenge in nanotechnology is the parallel fabrication of complex geometries for nanodevices. Here we report a general method for arranging single-walled carbon nanotubes in two dimensions using DNA origami—a technique in which a long single strand of DNA is folded into a predetermined shape. We synthesize rectangular origami templates (~75 nm × 95 nm) that display two lines of single-stranded DNA ‘hooks’ in a cross pattern with ~6 nm resolution. The perpendicular lines of hooks serve as sequence-specific binding sites for two types of nanotubes, each functionalized non-covalently with a distinct DNA linker molecule. The hook-binding domain of each linker is protected to ensure efficient hybridization. When origami templates and DNA-functionalized nanotubes are mixed, strand displacement-mediated deprotection and binding aligns the nanotubes into cross-junctions. Of several cross-junctions synthesized by this method, one demonstrated stable field-effect transistor-like behaviour. In such organizations of electronic components, DNA origami serves as a programmable nanobreadboard; thus, DNA origami may allow the rapid prototyping of complex nanotube-based structures.