cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Carbon and Nitrogen Sources for Shrimp Postlarvae Fed Natural Diets from a Tropical Mangrove System

Postlarvae ofPenaeus vannameiwere fed various diets in order to examine the importance of detritus and other possible prey items in supporting postlarval growth. Stable isotopes (C and N) were used to determine the carbon and nitrogen source of the prey in the various diets. The zooplankton diet contained mostly copepods. The subtidal detritus treatment consisted mostly of plant material whereas the diets from both intertidal sites contained a mixture of plant detritus and associated meiofauna. Postlarvae reared on zooplankton and detritus plus meiofauna diets more than tripled their weight during a 6-day period. In contrast, postlarvae fed the detritus diet barely doubled their weight. Based on isotopic composition, postlarvae appear to obtain their carbon and nitrogen from various food sources. Postlarvae were enriched by 0·4‰ in13C and 2·7‰ in15N relative to the zooplankton diet, which is consistent with isotopic fractionation between successive trophic levels. In turn, the isotopic signal of the zooplankton was consistent with phytoplankton being the initial source of organic matter. In contrast, mean δ13C values of the shrimp fed detritus plus meiofauna were significantly different from their respective diets. Isotopic ratios of the postlarvae fed the mixed diet from Chomes were two trophic levels above benthic algae suggesting that the shrimp preyed on organisms that derived their carbon and nitrogen from benthic algae and/or phytoplankton.
GLOBAL DISEASE ERADICATION

An infectious disease can only be eradicated globally if it is eliminated in every country. But does this require only international coordination, or does it require cooperation? Using a model that blends epidemiology, economics, and game theory, this paper shows that coordination will not always suffice, even when the global benefits of eradication exceed the costs. In general, eradication will require strong international institutions. (JEL: H41, I18, K33, O19)
There is no data like less data: percepts for video concept detection on consumer-produced media

Video concept detection aims to find videos that show a certain event described as a high-level concept, e.g. "wedding ceremony" or "changing a tire". This paper presents a theoretical framework and experimental evidence suggesting that video concept detection on consumer-produced videos can be performed by what we call "percepts", which is a set of observable units with Zipfian distribution. We present an unsupervised approach to extract percepts from audio tracks, which we then use to perform experiments to provide evidence for the validity of the proposed theoretical framework using the TRECVID MED 2011 dataset. The approach suggest selecting the most relevant percepts for each concept automatically, thereby actually filtering, selecting and reducing the amount of training data needed. It is show that our framework provides a highly usable foundation for doing video retrieval on consumer-produced content and is applicable for acoustic, visual, as well as multimodal content analysis.
The Investigations of the International Passamaquoddy Fisheries Commission in 1931 And 1932

For the past two years the scientific staff of the International Passamaquoddy Fisheries Commission has been carrying on extensive investigations to determine as accurately as possible the effect of the proposed tidal-power dams on the fisheries of Passamaquoddy Bay and adjacent regions in the Bay of Fundy and Gulf of Maine. Field-work began in July 1931 and continued until October 1932. The personnel consisted of Dr. E. E. Watson, hydrographer; Dr. H. H. Gran, phytoplanktonologist; Mr. M. Graham, ichthyologist; Dr. C. J. Fish, zooplanktonologist and executive secretary; Mr. T. Braarud, assistant phytoplanktonologist; Dr. M. W. Johnson, assistant zooplanktonologist; Mr. C J. A. Hughes, laboratory assistant; Mr. J. Bates, field assistant, and Miss H. E. Rigby, clerk.
Bouguer reduction density, why 2.67?

One of the most widely recognized parameters in solid-earth geophysics is the assumed density of the surface rocks of the continental crust, 2.67 g/cm 3 , or 2670 kg/m 3 in today9s preferred SI units. In the calculation of Bouguer and isostatic gravity anomalies, which are widely used for geological studies, the gravitational effect of the earth mass between an observation site and a datum is calculated assuming an infinite, flat slab of a specified density that approximates the mass. The datum for most surveys is sea level or, in the case of surveys of limited areas, it may be the elevation of the lowest station in the survey. Although the choice of datum is arbitrary, commonly sea level is used in an attempt to standardize anomalies from different surveys. Similarly, a density of 2.67 g/cm 3 is generally assumed for the density of the included mass in regional gravity surveys.
A new restriction fragment length polymorphism from Cryptosporidium parvum identifies genetically heterogeneous parasite populations and genotypic changes following transmission from bovine to human hosts

Length and restriction site polymorphism within a 2.8-kb threonine-rich open reading frame from Cryptosporidium parvum was identified and used to determine the genotypes of isolates from calves and humans. In agreement with observations of other genetic loci, all calf isolates were identical at this locus. In contrast, human isolates showed two profiles, one found exclusively in humans and one a superposition of both profiles, which were indicative of heterogeneous parasite populations. PCR fingerprints were consistent with a change in the genetic profile of C. parvum isolates following transmission from bovine to human hosts.
Intersensory Redundancy and 7-Month-Old Infants' Memory for Arbitrary Syllable-Object Relations

Seven-month-old infants require redundant information, such as temporal synchrony, to learn arbitrary syllable-object relations (Gogate & Bahrick, 1998). Infants learned the relations between 2 spoken syllables, /a/ and /i/, and 2 moving objects only when temporal synchrony was present during habituation. This article presents 2 experiments to address infants' memory for these relations. In Experiment 1, infants remembered the syllable-object relations after 10 min, only when temporal synchrony between the vocalizations and moving objects was provided during learning. In Experiment 2, 7-month-olds were habituated to the same syllable-object pairs in the presence of temporal synchrony and tested for memory after 4 days. Once again, infants learned and showed emerging memory for the syllable-object relations 4 days after original learning under the temporally synchronous condition. These findings are consistent with the view that prior to symbolic development, infants learn and remember word-object relation...
A comprehensive review of methods for simulation output analysis

This paper reviews statistical methods for analyzing output data from computer simulations. Specifically, it focuses on the estimation of steady-state system parameters. The estimation techniques include the replication/deletion approach, the regenerative method, the batch means method, and methods based on standardized time series.
Effect of Riboflavin Deficiency on Estrous Cyclicity in Pigs

Previous studies have shown that riboflavin is needed for reproduction. A deficiency of this vitamin causes a lack of cyclicity and interferes with pregnancy. Because the exact means by which riboflavin affects reproduction is unknown, we conducted two experiments to determine the effect of a riboflavin deficiency on plasma and urinary sex steroids. Riboflavin status was measured by the determination of erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity coefficients (EGR-AC). In experiment 1, 13 male and 12 female pigs were bled by venipuncture for 3 consecutive days to determine if the EGR-AC was affected by the sex of the animal and if the EGR-AC fluctuated from day to day. Neither sex nor day of sampling significantly affected EGR-AC. The mean EGR-AC was 1.43 ± 0.11. In experiment 2, 20 crossbred cycling gilts were randomly allotted to two treatments: riboflavin adequate (control) and riboflavin deficient cornstarch-soybean meal diets. Cilia were checked daily for estrus. Blood was obtained by venipuncture at 1000 h every 2 weeks after the establishment of the deficiency. Plasma was frozen at -20#{176}C and assayed for progesterone (P4) and estradiol-17j3 (E2). After 28 days, the first urine sample from two consecutive days was collected and assayed for estrone sulfate (E1 5) after enzymatic hydrolysis. Gilts on the riboflavin deficient diet became anestrous “-‘63 days after the beginning of the experiment. The average time elapsed between consecutive estrous periods increased with length of time on the deficient diet. The control gilts had elevated (P<0.01) plasma P4 levels between Days 4-18 with peak concentrations of 28.3 ± 1.0 ng/ml on Day 12 of the cycle. In contrast. P4 levels in riboflavin deficient gilts were significantly elevated (P<0.001) over control gilts (64.2 ± 1.0 ng/ml). The E2 plasma concentrations in control gilts were low (19.6 ± 1.9 pg/mI) from Days 2-18, but were elevated (64.7 ± 2.3 pg/mI; P<0.01) 2 days before the onset of estrus. The riboflavin deficient guts displayed significantly elevated E2 levels (82.6 ± 1.8 pg/mI; P<0.001). The E1 S urine concentrations were elevated in the control gilts with peak levels of 22.1 ± 2.3 ng/mg creatinine on Day 20. The ribo
Predictors of family accommodation in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Background. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a serious, disabling illness. Family members are frequently involved by attempting to stop rituals or by performing rituals for their relative. Factors associated with family accommodation of OCD have been largely overlooked in the literature. This study aims to identify the frequency and clinical predictors of OCD family accommodation behaviors.Methods. Participants include those with a first admission to the McLean/Massachusetts General Hospital OCD Institute (N = 110). The Family Accommodation Scale was completed independently by family members. Univariate relationships between factors and family accommodation were assessed via graphs, parametric and non-parametric testing. Multiple regression analyses modeled relationships between family accommodation and predictor variables.Results. Family accommodation was reported in 96.9% of cases, and predominantly occurred at least daily (59.1% of cases). Most common behaviors included providing reassurance and ...
Widely Tunable Single-Chip Transceiver for 10 Gb/s Wavelength Conversion

Wavelength conversion is an essential function in wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) optical networks, as it enables better utilization of bandwidth and reduces blocking probabilities. This work presents, for the first time, a fully integrated transceiver solution to wavelength conversion in which all microwave signals are confined on a single InP chip. This device architecture, referred to as a photocurrent-driven wavelength converter (PD-WC), is particularly attractive due to the potential for low power dissipation, high bandwidth, data regeneration, and no optical output filtering requirement unlike many all-optical implementations. Here, a termination resistor and DC-blocking capacitor are integrated with an electroabsorption modulator (EAM) based PD-WC such that only DC biases are necessary for device operation and no microwave signal must travel off the chip. This widely-tunable device demonstrates error free 10 Gb/s conversion and utilizes both a simple, single-regrowth fabrication and a simple bias configuration.
Moisture diffusion in epoxy systems

The moisture diffusion process of an epoxy system is studied as a function of epoxy-amine stoichiometry and the resulting microstructure. Differences in diffusion behavior are related to the relative importance of diffusion through the low-density and high-density microstructural phases for different stoichiometries. Also, changes in saturation level with stoichiometry are explained by competing effects of free volume versus the content of the low-density phase. Increasing the humidity level causes a corresponding increase in saturation level, while increasing the temperature causes more pronounced non-Fickian behavior. The effects of absorbed moisture on the thermomechanical properties of the epoxies are also investigated. Reductions in the glass transition temperature, Tg, and moisture-induced swelling strains are measured after exposure of samples to the three conditioning environments. Moisture-induced swelling strains increase with increasing moisture content. The reductions in Tg range from 5 to 20°C and are generally larger for amine-rich samples than for epoxy-rich and stoichiometric samples. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 71: 787–798, 1999
SOME COMMENTS ON THE EFFECTIVE SAMPLE SIZE OF SECOND ORDER MARKOV PROCESSES

Abstract In this paper the effective sample size of the second order Markov process is derived for N dependent events. It is shown that for all negative values of the lag-two autocorrelation P2 less than—0.1, the N dependent events which follow a second order process yield more information than N random events.
Symbolic z-transforms using DSP knowledge bases

The implementation of basic signal analysis and transforms for DSP (digital signal processing) with a symbolic mathematical program called Mathematica is described. By extending its capabilities through a proper representation of knowledge of discrete signals, operators, and transforms, Mathematica can take the forward and inverse z-transforms symbolically and apply the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) as a symbolic summation. In addition to the 150+ common mathematical operators and functions built into Mathematica, the rule-based package defines 23 systems and 8 basic signals. Six of these systems provide the ability to take forward and inverse z-transforms, DFTs, and DTFTs of multidimensional signal processing expressions. More importantly, this package allows the user to manipulate signals (functions or data) and systems (operators) as algebraic expressions. The user can convert symbolic signal processing expressions to graphical, numeric, and textual representations. >
Design and implementation of parallel-IDT surface acoustic waves (SAW) low loss RF filters

In this work, we study the design and implementation of a parallel-IDT surface acoustic wave (SAW) filter for telecommunication applications. The equivalent circuit and 3D model are established to understand acoustoelectric interactions. The 1280 Y-Z rotated LiNbO 3 which has high electromechanical coupling constant is used as the piezoelectric material to generate the acoustic waves. The single-IDT and parallel IDT SAW filters were implemented in 122 MHz. The parallel-IDT SAW filter has an Insertion Loss to −5.515dB, larger than the single-IDT SAW filter.
A deductive approach for problem representation and modeling support: conceptual schema and object-oriented models

The author presents a knowledge-base design for problem representation and modeling support which provides an integrated (unified) environment for the organization, manipulation, and management of data, problems, and models; that represents knowledge at the conceptual-schema level and at the data structure level; and supports multiple levels of abstraction for problem/model representation. He proposes an extended entity-relationship model for the conceptual-schema representation, and an object-oriented model for the data structure representation. The mapping from the E/sup 2/R model to the object-oriented representation is quite natural. Problem representation, model building, and decision support under this approach are based on modeling by deduction which is implemented using three processes: instantiation, inheritance, and specialization. >
Validation of the unassisted, gum-elastic bougie-guided, laryngeal mask airway-ProSeal™ placement technique in anaesthetized patients

Aims: The laryngeal mask airway-ProSeal™ can be inserted digitally, by introducer tool, or by railroading it over a bougie placed first in the patient's oesophagus, which is highly successful, but as originally described, requires an assistant. An unassisted bougie-guided placement technique has also been described, but no data on its effectiveness have been reported. Methods: We reviewed data collected during a randomized, controlled trial comparing the air-Q® Intubating Laryngeal Airway and LMA-Proseal™, in which all LMA-Proseal™ devices were inserted using the unassisted (one-operator), bougie-guided placement technique. Results: Forty-eight devices were placed. All devices were placed successfully. Successful placement was achieved in 47 (98%) patients on first attempt and in one (2%) patient on the third attempt. Mean (SD) time required for insertion establishing ventilation was 28 (11) s. Mean (SD) airway seal pressure was 30 (6) cmH 2 O. Gross blood was found on four (8%) devices upon removal, but no oropharyngeal injuries were noted on oral exam in the recovery unit prior to discharge. The most common complaints in recovery and 24 h post-operatively were sore throat [discharge: mild = 18/48 (38%); 24 h: mild = 9/38 (19%), moderate = 1/38 (3%)] and pain on swallowing [discharge: mild = 7/48 (15%); 24 h: mild = 2/38 (6%)]. Conclusions: Our data confirm that in experienced hands, bougie-guided placement of the LMA-Proseal™ without the aid of an assistant can be accomplished quickly and successfully without affecting the expected clinical performance of the device.
Methylation at SLC6A4 is linked to Family History of Child Abuse: An Examination of the Iowa Adoptee Sample

In this letter we describe novel, preliminary work, examining a possible mechanism of the Gene-environment interactions thought to moderate the response of individuals to stressful life events. The molecular mechanisms through which this moderation may be accomplished are currently unknown but some have suggested DNA methylation (Lui and others, 1997; McGowan and others 2009). In order to test this hypothesis, we analyzed the relationship of child abuse to methylation of cytosine residues in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene in DNA from 96 male and 96 female subjects from the Iowa Adoptee Studies using a principal components analysis. The results from this preliminary work suggest a lasting effect of child abuse on overall methylation levels in both males and females.
CRCP: a cloud resolving convection parameterization for modeling the tropical convecting atmosphere

Abstract A new computational approach, CRCP, is proposed in which both the large-scale (LS) tropical dynamics and cloud-scale (CS) dynamics are captured explicitly. The leading idea is to represent subgrid scales of the LS model by imbedding a 2D CS model in each column of the 3D LS model – the approach tailored for distributed memory architectures. The overall philosophy underlying CRCP is the reinvestment of efforts from large-eddy simulation to elaborate yet ‘embarrassingly parallel’ turbulence models. Similar as in the traditional ‘convection parameterization’, the LS model provides ‘ambient forcings’ for the CS model imbedded inside each LS column, and the CS model feeds back a ‘convective response’ for every column of the LS model. Furthermore, availability of the cloud-scale data allows for explicit coupling of moist convection with radiative and surface processes. Following our experience with cloud-resolving modeling of the tropical convection, the CS model is oriented along the E–W direction inside each LS model column. A simple strategy for the coupling the LS and CS models derives from physical understanding of interactions between LS flow and moist tropical convection. Theoretical considerations are illustrated with an example of application to observational data from the Phase III of the Global Atmospheric Research Programme Atlantic Tropical Experiment (GATE).
Phylogenetic structural equation modelling reveals no need for an 'origin' of the leaf economics spectrum.

The leaf economics spectrum (LES) is a prominent ecophysiological paradigm that describes global variation in leaf physiology across plant ecological strategies using a handful of key traits. Nearly a decade ago, Shipley et al. (2006) used structural equation modelling to explore the causal functional relationships among LES traits that give rise to their strong global covariation. They concluded that an unmeasured trait drives LES covariation, sparking efforts to identify the latent physiological trait underlying the ‘origin’ of the LES. Here, we use newly developed phylogenetic structural equation modelling approaches to reassess these conclusions using both global LES data as well as data collected across scales in the genus Helianthus. For global LES data, accounting for phylogenetic non-independence indicates that no additional unmeasured traits are required to explain LES covariation. Across datasets in Helianthus, trait relationships are highly variable, indicating that global-scale models may poorly describe LES covariation at non-global scales.
Utility of Ultrasound for Imaging Osteophytes in Patients With Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy

Abstract Objectives To examine (1) the validity of ultrasound imaging to measure osteophytes and (2) the association between osteophytes and insertional Achilles tendinopathy (IAT). Design Case-control study. Setting Academic medical center. Participants Persons with chronic unilateral IAT (n=20; mean age, 58.7±8.3y; 10 [50%] women) and age- and sex-matched controls (n=20; mean age, 57.4±9.8y; 10 [50%] women) participated in this case-control study (N=40). Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Symptom severity was assessed using the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure, the Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-Achilles questionnaire, and the numerical rating scale. Length of osteophytes was measured bilaterally in both groups using ultrasound imaging, as well as on the symptomatic side of the IAT group using radiography. The intraclass correlation coefficient was used to examine the agreement between ultrasound and radiograph measures. McNemar, Wilcoxon signed-rank, and Fisher exact tests were used to compare the frequency and length of osteophytes between sides and groups. Pearson correlation was used to examine the association between osteophyte length and symptom severity. Results There was good agreement (intraclass correlation coefficient, ≥.75) between ultrasound and radiograph osteophyte measures. There were no statistically significant differences ( P >.05) in the frequency of osteophytes between sides or groups. Osteophytes were larger on the symptomatic side of the IAT group than on the asymptomatic side ( P =.01) and on the left side of controls ( P =.03). There was no association between osteophyte length and symptom severity. Conclusions Ultrasound imaging is a valid measure of osteophyte length, which is associated with IAT. Although a larger osteophyte indicates tendinopathy, it does not indicate more severe IAT symptoms.
Disaster Services with Frail Older Persons: From Preparation to Recovery

Hurricanes claim the lives of the frail elderly more than any other age group due to this population’s reduced health status and heightened dependence, especially for those institutionalized. Social workers are obligated and ethically compelled (NASW, 1996, Code of ethics of the National Association of Social Workers. Washington, DC: NASW) to meet this high-risk group’s disaster readiness and recovery needs as posed to them by unexpected meteorological crises like Hurricanes Katrina, Rita, Gustav, and Ike. This chapter critically assesses social works’ tested but largely unheralded traditional disaster roles, as well as new ones that are emerging in the wake of Katrina and in light of recent developments in the field of emergency preparedness. These mandate that the social work profession boost its capacity and capability to provide competent emergency services to ease the suffering of older individuals before, during, and after a crisis. Recommendations by the AMA, The American Red Cross, AARP, and various disaster and gerontological scholars are synthesized.
Self-Images and Relationship Models

Step 3: Relationship. List the self and object role attributes and role relationships that characterize each state. This step usually leads to clarification and relisting of the most important states. It includes clarification of patterns of recurrent neurotic interpersonal relationships. When there is sufficient information, the development of these self and object characteristics should be traced to previous interpersonal transactions, real and as fantasied. The developmental level in terms of current life-cycle tasks or current crises may also be postulated at this point.
Oxygen-sensitive Ion Channels in Pheochromocytoma (PC12) Cells

The limitations residing in using fresh chemosensitive cells to study O2Ca-sensing mechanisms (i.e., small number of O2-sensitive cells present and cell heterogeneity) have been greatly over come by the availability of immortalized cellular models such as PC12 cells and, more recently, H146, a model of neuroepithelial cells (17, 27). Overall, the physiological response to reduced O2 tension in PC12 cells is similar to the response in other O2-sensitive tissues. PC12 cells, like other chemosensitive cells, express voltage-dependent KO2 channels (Fig. 5). We have gathered various evidences indicating that the KO2 channel in PC12 cells belongs to the Kvl subfamily of Kv channels and is formed by the Kv1.2 α subunit. Hypoxia exerts two effects on KO2 channels: an acute effect occurring within minutes consists of inhibition of the channel activity, and a chronic effect occurring after prolonged exposure to hypoxia which is associated with regulation of the channel itself (21). In PC12 cells acute hypoxiainhibits the KO2 channel and this inhibition is responsible for the cascade of events that culminate in neurotransmitter release: membrane depolarization, activation of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels and increase in cytosolic Ca2+ Chronic hypoxia selectively upregulates expression of the Kv1.2 α gene and its corresponding functional KO2 channel. Hence, various finding have confirmed the chemosensitive phenotype of PC12 cells so that this cell line will continue to provide a useful model to study the signaling mechanisms that underlie the O2 sensitivity of these K+ channels and other proteins important in the process of O2 sensing.
Degradative Enzymes in Rhizobium meliloti

Ultrastructural evidence1,2 clearly shows that rhizobial infection involves degradation of the root hair wall at the infection thread origin. This could be due to plant activities3, and/or to the low and variable activities reported for rhizobia4–7, toward cellulose, hemicelluloses or pectic substances. We have found two such activities in R. meliloti.
Antiproliferative Effects of Interferons -α and -β in Combination with 5-Fluorouracil, Cisplatin, and Cis- and Trans-Retinoic Acid in Three Human Lung Carcinoma Cell Lines

ABSTRACT We assessed the antiproliferative effect of human recombinant interferon-α (IFN-α) or -β in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), cisplatin, or cis- or trans-retinoic acid on two human nonsmall cell lung carcinoma cell lines (SK-LU-1 and SK-MES-1) and on one human small cell lung carcinoma cell line (NCI-H69). Results were obtained by direct cell count and/or by the clonigenic assay. The three cell lines differed in their sensitivities to the antiproliferative effects of the different agents. However, both NSCLC cell lines were more responsive to IFN-β than to IFN-α. The SK-MES cell line was more resistant to both IFNs than the SK-LU-1. The NCI-H69 cells were resistant to all the drugs tested, except trans-retinoic acid. The dose and time of exposure were found to be important factors in the case of IFNs and cytotoxic agents, with lower surviving fractions obtained with the higher doses and longer exposures. This finding, however, did not hold true for the retinoic acids, which showed no antipr...
Information accountability

With access control and encryption no longer capable of protecting privacy, laws and systems are needed that hold people accountable for the misuse of personal information, whether public or secret.
Highlights from the 2015 North American Cystic Fibrosis Conference

The 29th Annual North American Cystic Fibrosis Conference was held in Phoenix, Arizona on October 8-10, 2015. Abstracts were published in a supplement to Pediatric Pulmonology.(1) In this review, we summarize presentations in several of the topic areas addressed at the conference. Our goal is to provide an overview of presentations with relevance to emerging or changing concepts in several areas rather than a comprehensive review. Citations from the conference are by first author and abstract number or symposium number, as designated in the supplement. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:650-657. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Deaths from accidental injury among residents in Zhucheng City of Shandong in 2011

[Objective]To carry out the epidemiological analysis on deaths from accidental injury among residents in Zhucheng City in 2011,provide the basis for developing the scientific control measures.[Methods]The mortality,the sequence of death causes and the sex ratio of deaths from accidental injury among residents in Zhucheng City in 2011 were analyzed statistically.[Results]The mortality of deaths from accidental injury among residents in Zhucheng City in 2011 was 39.45/lakh,which accounted for 5.88% of total death cases and was ranked at fifth place of death causes.The mortality in males was higher than that in females,and the sex ratio was 2.74.The top three death causes were transportation accidents(62.94%),intentional self-injury(13.29%),accidental drowning(7.46%),which added up to 83.68%.The highest number of deaths was in 40-49 years age group,which accounted for 24.48%.[Conclusion]Accidental injury is one of the leading causes of deaths in Zhucheng City,and the transportation accident is the first cause.The young adults are the high-risk population,and more attention should be paid.
Achieving lightweight multicast in asynchronous networks-on-chip using local speculation

We propose a lightweight parallel multicast targeting an asynchronous NoC with a variant Mesh-of-Trees topology. A novel strategy, local speculation, is introduced, where a subset of switches are speculative and always broadcast. These switches are surrounded by non-speculative switches, which throttle any redundant packets, restricting these packets to small regions. Speculative switches have simplified designs, thereby improving network performance. A hybrid network architecture is proposed to mix the speculative and non-speculative switches. For multicast benchmarks, significant performance improvements with small power savings are obtained by the new approach over a tree-based non-speculative approach. Interestingly, similar improvements are also shown for unicast. Finally, another benefit is to reduce the address field size in multicast packets.
CHAPTER 9 – Introduction to Dendritic Cells

This chapter focuses on dendritic cells (DCs) and discusses the recent progress in DC biology and the potential implications of DCs in the context of immunization against cancer. DCs are professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which have the unique ability to induce and sustain immune responses, and they are now recognized as an integral part of the lymphohematopoietic system. DC progenitors in the bone marrow give rise to circulating precursors that home the tissue, where they reside as immature cells with high phagocytic capacity. Upon tissue damage, immature DCs capture antigen (Ag) and subsequently migrate to the lymphoid organs, where they select rare Ag specific T cells, thereby initiating immune responses. DCs present Ag to CD4 + T cells, which in turn regulate other immune effectors, including Ag-specific CD8 + T cells and B cells, as well as non-Ag-specific macrophages, eosinophils, and natural killer (NK) cells. Dendritic cells are crucial players in several immunotherapy approaches either as targets or as vectors for induction of tumor-specific immunity, both in vivo and ex vivo .
Near-and mid-infrared fluorescence enhancement in terbium-yttrium polytantalate

Devices incorporating localized surface plasmon polariton-enhanced fluorescence have the potential to be more sensitive, effective and smaller than their traditional counterparts. A unique study examining the fluorescence enhancement of Tb3+ doped yttrium polytantalate, Tb0.15Y0.85Ta7O19, in the 1000–5000 nm region will be described. After sputtering onto films of plasmonic gold nanoparticles, thickness dependent, infrared fluorescence enhancement factors were found to be 0.64-6-fold relative to the same thickness film without gold particles. The large Tb0.15Y0.85Ta7O19 film thickness dependence on the fluorescence enhancement factor will be described within the context of electromagnetic theory.
Our Town—Our School—My Research

The third chapter introduces the climate in Birmingham as the Civil Rights Movement developed and white resistance to desegregation intensified. Gill discusses her in-depth interviews with classmates. As youth, the twenty men and women she interviews were near the center of events that have become key to collective memory of the Movement in the USA.
Techniques in 2-D Implicit Systems

ABSTRACT The one-dimensional notion of causality has no counterpart in the two-dimensional plane, where at best partial orderings of (i,j) may be defined. Two-dimensional implicit systems, unlike the familiar state-space 2-D models, do not require any notion of causality or recursibility. Instead, they require the milder notion of regularity . Thus, the implicit models are more suited to the description of naturally occurring two-dimensional systems, such as are described by the hyperbolic equation and the heat equation, as well as for applications in image processing. This paper provides a brief summary of the current state of the theory of 2-D implicit systems.
Metal-Organic Framework/Chitosan Hybrid Materials Promote Nitric Oxide Release from S-Nitrosoglutathione in Aqueous Solution

It has been previously demonstrated that copper-based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) accelerate formation of the therapeutically active molecule nitric oxide (NO) from S-nitrosothiols (RSNOs). Because RSNOs are naturally present in blood, this function is hypothesized to permit the controlled production of NO through use of MOF-based blood-contacting materials. The practical implementation of MOFs in this application typically requires incorporation within a polymer support, yet this immobilization has been shown to impair the ability of the MOF to interact with the NO-forming RSNO substrate. Here, the water-stable, copper-based MOF H3[(Cu4Cl)3-(BTTri)8] (H3BTTri = 1,3,5-tris(1H-1,2,3-triazol-5-yl)benzene), or Cu-BTTri, was incorporated within the naturally derived polysaccharide chitosan to form membranes that were evaluated for their ability to enhance NO generation from the RSNO S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO). This is the first report to evaluate MOF-induced NO release from GSNO, the most abundant small-...
BlockPy Interactive Demo: Dual Text/Block Python Programming Environment for Guided Practice and Data Science (Abstract Only)

Introductory non-major learners face the challenge of mastering programming fundamentals while remaining sufficiently motivated to engage with the computing discipline. In particular, multi-disciplinary students struggle to find relevance in traditional computing curricula that tend to either emphasize abstract concepts, focus on entertainment (e.g., game and animation design), or rely on decontextualized settings. To address these issues, this demo introduces BlockPy, a web-based environment for Python (https://blockpy.com). The most powerful feature of BlockPy is a dual text/block view that beginners can freely move between, using advanced Mutual Language Translation techniques. The environment contextualizes introductory programming with data science by integrating real-world data including weather reports, classic book statistics, and historical crime data. A fusion of Blockly and Skulpt, the entire interface runs locally with no need for server sandboxing. BlockPy is also a platform for interactive, guided practice problems with automatic feedback that scaffolds learners. This demo will walk through the novel features of BlockPy's environment, including the instructor's perspective of creating new problems and how BlockPy can be embedded in modern LTI-compatible learning management systems. BlockPy is available online for free and is open-sourced on GitHub. This material is based on work supported by the NSF under Grants No. DGE-0822220, DUE-1444094, and DUE-1624320.
A Comparison of an Attention Acknowledgement Measure and Eye Tracking: Application of the as Low as Reasonable Assessment (ALARA) Discount Usability Principle for Control System Studies

The measurement of attention allocation is a valuable diagnostic tool for research. As Low As Reasonable Assessment (ALARA) is a research approach concerned with leveraging the simplest and most straightforward methods to capture usability data needed for the design process. Often complicated environments, such as nuclear process control, create an impetus to use accompanying complicated experimental designs and technical data collection methods; however, simple methods can in many circumstances capture equivalent data that can be used to answer the same theoretical and applied research questions. The attention acknowledgment method is an example of a simple measure capable of capturing attention allocation. The attention acknowledgment method assesses attention allocation via attention markers dispersed through the visual scene. As participants complete a scenario and interact with an associated interface, they perform a secondary acknowledgment task in which they respond to any attention markers they detect in their designated target state. The patterns of acknowledgment serve as a means to assess both location and temporal dimensions of attention allocation. The attention acknowledgment method was compared against a standard accepted measure of attention allocation consisting of infrared pupil and corneal reflection gaze tracking. The attention acknowledgment method is not able to measure attention at the same temporal and spatial resolution as the eye tracking method; however, the resolutions it is capable of achieving are sufficient to answer usability evaluation questions. Furthermore, the ease of administration and analysis of the attention acknowledgment measure are advantageous for rapid usability evaluation.
5 year Overall survival of triple negative breast cancer: A single institution experience.

e12580Background: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) involves any breast cancer that does not express the genes for estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER /PR) and Her2/neu. TNBC accounts for approximately 10- 20% of invasive breast cancers and this sub-type carries a poorer prognosis. TNBC are also frequently associated with BRCA mutations. We performed a retrospective review of TNBC that were seen at our institution, Lehigh Valley Health Network from 2005 to 2009 for survival and prevalence of BRCA mutation. Methods: Breast Cancer cases that presented to Lehigh Valley Health Network (LVHN) from 2005 to 2009 and which were triple negative, hormone receptors negative/Her2 unknown and hormone receptor/Her2 unknown were retrieved from tumor registry. Records of the above cases were reviewed and only the breast cancer cases that were triple negative were included for the study. Data was collected for age, stage on presentation, treatment received, survival and presence of BRCA mutation if genetic testing ...
Overcoming Treatment Resistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Regorafenib and Lessons from Other Malignancies

This chapter will explore some of the known mechanisms mediating resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Despite the global burden of the disease, the treatment options for advanced HCC remain limited. Numerous studies have evaluated both single-agent and combination chemotherapy without any of these showing a definitive improvement in survival. The era of molecular targeted therapeutics ushered in great hope for the development of new and effective agents, however, for the past 10 years, only sorafenib has proven to be active against the disease. Only recently, has the multi-kinase inhibitor regorafenib now shown evidence of activity in the second-line setting. HCC has deservedly earned the title of a “resistant-tumor”. The agents that have proven to be effective in so many other malignancies have failed which raises some of the unique biologic aspects of HCC, including the native chemical resistance mechanisms in hepatocytes given the liver’s natural function in that area. The hope is that new molecular insights into HCC will provide a path forward for new effective treatments in advanced HCC. While there is precedent for this approach in other solid tumors, the strategy is yet to be exploited effectively in HCC.
Comparison of endoscopy and radiographic imaging for detection of esophageal inflammation and remodeling in adults with eosinophilic esophagitis.

Background and Aims Eosinophil predominant mucosal inflammation is central to the diagnosis and activity assessment of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). Esophageal mural remodeling is an important consequence of EoE that is responsible for adverse events of dysphagia, food impaction, and esophageal stenosis. The aim of this study was to compare upper endoscopy (EGD) with barium upper GI study (UGI) for the detection of esophageal inflammation and remodeling in adults with EoE. Methods A retrospective review on a single-center database of adults with confirmed EoE identified those with EGD and UGI performed within 6 months of each another. Studies were reviewed for mucosal inflammatory and remodeling abnormalities. Results Seventy patients were included. Initial UGI results were consistent with EoE in 10% and suggestive of EoE in 39%. Review of UGI by a senior GI radiologist increased detection of changes consistent with EoE (34%). EGD identified characteristic abnormalities in 93%, which was significantly greater than UGI (67%). Inflammatory features were more frequently appreciated on EGD (74%) compared with UGI (21%). There was no significant difference in fibrostenotic changes observed on EGD (84%) versus UGI (73%). Conclusions EGD and UGI have similar sensitivity for identifying the remodeling consequences of EoE; however, inflammatory features are better assessed on EGD. Inadequate sensitivity of UGI for composite features of EoE limits its capabilities as a diagnostic test, although radiologists' awareness significantly increases the diagnostic yield of UGI. UGI and EGD may identify fibrostenotic changes unappreciated by its counterpart and thus provide complementary information in select patients.
Broken Hearts and Opened Eyes

Broken Hearts and Opened Eyes On the day of the mass shooting in Parkland, Florida, at least 28 other gunshot deaths occurred in the United States. Those events reflect a diffuse epidemic of firearm violence. We need to invest in strategies promoting interventions in such venues as the doctor’s office.
A comparison of microwave thermosphere versus radiofrequency thermal ablation in the treatment of colorectal liver metastases.

Abstract Background Microwave thermosphere ablation (MTA) is a new generation technology. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of MTA and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in achieving local tumor control in patients with colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM). Methods This was a retrospective study of a prospective ablation database. Fifty-four patients with 155 CRLM lesions underwent RFA and 51 patients with 121 lesions underwent MTA. Patients were managed by a multidisciplinary team. Clinical and oncologic data were analyzed. Kaplan–Meier and Cox Proportional Hazards model were used for statistical analysis. Results Demographics were similar between the two groups. Total ablation and operative times were significantly shorter in MTA group (19 vs. 37 mins, p Conclusions This is the first study comparing the efficacy of RFA and MTA on CRLM. The results suggest that compared to RFA, MTA improves local tumor control, while significantly shortening operative time.
Iron Deficiency: Behavior and Brain Biochemistry

That severe degrees of undernutrition are associated with behavioral changes in animals and humans has been known since antiquity. The twentieth century has seen the accelerating development of distinctions between behavioral aberrations associated with different types of gross nutritional disturbances (e.g., marasmus and kwashiorkor) as well as critical factor (vitamins, minerals) deficiencies. Beginning with Goldberger’s description in 1915 of the dementia caused by a specific nutritional deficiency (later shown to be niacin) and building upon the insights gained through the neurologic impact of various “inborn errors of metabolism,” nutrition science has reached a point where even specific dietary amino acids are being examined for their impact on behavior and its apparent neurochemical substrates (Fernstrom, 1976; Fernstrom and Lytle, 1976). Along with this burst of interest in potential neurotransmitters and their dietary precursors, there has been a renewal of interest in various “trace elements” and their role in normal somatic and neural physiology (Burch and Sullivan, 1976). Iron, named sideros (star) by the Greeks and believed by them to be a special gift sent to earth by the god Ares, has long been attributed, in both lay and medical thinking, a definite, although often nondescript role in the individual’s physical and mental well-being. From the Berus Papyrus (1500 B.C.) to the present-day hyping of GeritolR and raisins, mankind has been convinced of the salubrity of iron (Fairbanks et al., 1971).
Pelvic ring injuries.

Retroperitoneal vascular injuries are among the greatest challenges that confront the surgeon. Problems in resuscitation, exposure, and repair are numerous. Techniques to improve such perioperative tactics result in improved survival.
Emerging scenarios of data infrastructure and novel concepts of digital libraries in intelligent infrastructure for human-centred communities: A qualitative research:

This research investigated the strategic development of a large-scale transdisciplinary area, named intelligent infrastructure for human-centred communities, at Virginia Tech. Within such developme...
Localized Microfluidic Mixer Using Planar Fresnel Type GHz Ultrasonic Transducer

We present a microfluidic mixer that uses focused GHz ultrasonic waves to create streaming vortices in an otherwise laminar fluidic flow. Owing to high absorption and small wavelength at gigahertz., the mixing activity is highly localized. The ultrasonic focusing is achieved by means of an aluminum nitride based bulk acoustic wave transducer placed in a Fresnel lens configuration on a silicon substrate. The transducer is planar and is fabricated with a CMOS compatible process with no thin-film release steps. Further., the transducer is on the opposite side of fluidics thereby enabling easier integration of transducers and fluidics in a distributed manner. Microfluidic mixing of blue dye and water was observed with 90% efficiency., when the transducer was driven by a 1.06GHz continuous wave RF signal of 20dBm power.