cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diel Periodicities of Some Parasitoids of the Gypsy Moth and Noctuid Cutworms

Daily activity rhythms of Ooencyrtus kuwanai (Howard) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), Blepheripa scutellata (Robineau-Desvoidy) (Diptera: Tachinidae), and Brachymeria compsilurae (Crawford) (Hymenoptera: Chalcidae), which are parasitoids of the gypsy moth, Porthetria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae); and of Apanteles laeviceps Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasitoid of noctuid cutworms, were determined in the field by direct observation and by catches on sticky panels exposed at different times of day. All parasitoids were active only in daytime except for females of O. kuwanai which were also active into the night. O. kuivani males and B. compsilurae were active throughout the daylight hours, but A. lacviceps and B. scutellata were active mainly in the afternoon. The probable influence of temperature and light on these activity cycles is discussed.
Research and analysis of outbreak of tuberculosis in an boarding school in a city of Jilin Province

Objective To analyze problems in tuberculosis(TB) prevention and control in schools by epidemiological investigation on tuberculosis outbreak in a boarding school, to provide guidance and basis for TB prevention and control in schools. Methods A questionnaire survey was carried out and close contacts took chest X-ray, and those with shadows also took X-ray and sputum smear examination. Results Totally 9 cases with pulmonary tuberculosis patients were found,including 1 cases with smear positive and 8 cases with smear negative. All the patients were stable and their situation was improved. One of them was discharged on June 7, 2013 and took supervised chemotherapy out of the hospital. Conclusions The quality of report cards of infectious diseases in special hospital was poor. Both teachers and students were short of knowledge about TB prevention and control. Unsound registration management system in the school is the main reason for the outbreak.
A Cross-sectional Study on Children's Ascaris Infection in Urban Area of Shiyan City

After people infected tapeworm,often cause malnutrition,anemia,affects teenagers' and children's growth.However,at present,the children' s tapeworm infection rate has not yet reached the standard request of the {The National Key Parasitic Disease Prevention Plan of 2006—2015).Therefore,this article mainly monitoring the situation of the children's tapeworm infection in Shiyan Urban Area under 14 yeas old.The survey is mainly to understand the current situation of the children's tapeworm infection rate in Shiyan Area under 14 yeas old.So that we can make the more perfect prevention and treatment work plan to put the requirement of the national key parasitic disease prevention plan of 2006—2015} into practice.At last,the article analyses this detection job and put forward the thinking of the future work.Aparting form giving the related treatment,we also develop the health education to make the public to keep the good health habits thus to decline the children's tapeworm infection rate under 14 yeas old.
Measures for Generalized Anxiety Disorder

The COWS is a relatively recent, 29-item, factor analytically derived, self-report questionnaire that assesses the degree to which individuals believe a range of consequences apply to their worry. It contains three negative consequences subscales (disrupting performance, exaggerating the problem, and causing emotional distress) as well as two positive consequences subscales (motivational influence and helping analytical thinking). Each item presents a possible consequence of worry and is followed by a five-point Likert-type response
Pregnancy in Women with Bladder Exstrophy

AbstractLittle is known about pregnancies in women with bladder exstrophy. Of 28 women with bladder exstrophy who were evaluated 7 became pregnant and 5 delivered successfully. Problems seen during pregnancy, the long-term effects and the need for early, informed counseling by the urologist are discussed.
Computer-Based Clinical Teaching with Multimedia Technology

The use of computer-based videodisc technology for delivering instructional information to learners of all ages is gaining widespread acceptance in the United States. The teaching of health-related information is particularly well suited to this technology because of the importance of visual input in clinical instruction. The videodisc has the capability of showing clear views of the patient, equipment, or the setting in which the health care intervention occurs. Still frame pictures and moving images can be combined with computer-genarated graphics for the production of interesting and unique learning tools. Since videodiscs store up to 54,000 still frames of visual material with dual audio tracks, developers can freely use their imaginations when creating unique teaching programs. Learning are encoureged to select the order of the instructions sequences by making choices at various menu selection points while moving through the material. The touchscreen capability of the computer monitor and the freedom to make choices throughout the instructional program combine to de-emphasize the technology and place the main focus of the activity on the learning experience itself.
The Impact of Infertility on the Marital Relationship

A couple's response to their infertility can be understood both as a crisis and as a mourning process. Many aspects of the marital relationship are affected profoundly by efforts to come to terms w...
Co60 vitamin B12 binding capacity of normal human saliva.

Summary and conclusions1) Vit B12 binding capacity of normal human saliva has been estimated using Co60vit B12 and exhaustive dialysis. It varies from 13 to 80 mμg/ml, with a mean of 31 ± 10.2 mμg/ml. 2) These values appear constant for the individual over a period of hours to days. 3) No correlation was found between vit B12 binding capacity and salivary specific gravity, refractive index, optical density at 280 mμ, leukocyte count, ABO blood groups or secretion of ABO substances in saliva.
Age and intraspecific diversity of resilient Acropora communities in Belize

The corals Acropora palmata and A. cervicornis are important Caribbean reef-builders that have faced significant mortality in recent decades. While many studies have focused on the recent demise of these species, data from areas where Acropora spp. have continued to thrive are limited. Understanding the genetic diversity, recruitment, and temporal continuity of healthy populations of these threatened Acropora spp. and the hybrid they form (“Acropora prolifera”) may provide insights into the demographic processes governing them. We studied three reef sites with abundant A. cervicornis, A. palmata, and hybrid Acropora populations offshore of Ambergris Caye, Belize at Coral Gardens, Manatee Channel, and Rocky Point. Samples were collected from all three Acropora taxa. We used microsatellite markers to determine: (1) genotypic diversity; (2) dominant reproductive mode supporting local recruitment; (3) minimum and maximum genet age estimates for all three acroporids; and (4) the history of hybrid colonization at these sites. We found that Acropora populations were highly clonal with local recruitment primarily occurring through asexual fragmentation. We also estimated the ages of 10 Acropora genets using recent methodology based on somatic mutation rates from genetic data. Results indicate minimum ages of 62–409 yr for A. cervicornis, 187–561 yr for A. palmata, and 156–281 yr for the Acropora hybrids at these sites. Our data indicate that existing A. cervicornis, A. palmata, and Acropora hybrid genets persisted during the 1980s Caribbean-wide Acropora spp. collapse, suggesting that these sites have been a refuge for Caribbean Acropora corals. Additionally, our data suggest that formation of extant hybrid Acropora genets pre-dates the widespread collapse of the parent taxa.
The Long-Term and Geographically Constrained Effects of Campaign Advertising on Political Polarization and Sorting:

Scholars agree that there has been an increase in polarization among political elites, though there continues to be debate on the extent to which polarization exists among the mass public. Still, there is general agreement that the American public has become more sorted over the past two decades, a time during which political ad volumes have increased and ads have become more negative. In this research, we explore whether there is a link between the two. We take advantage of variation in the volume and tone of political advertising across media markets to examine the link between advertising and three dependent variables: issue polarization, affective polarization, and sorting. We focus on the impact of both recent ad exposure and cumulative ad exposure across several election cycles. Ultimately, we find little impact of advertising on polarization or sorting, both overall and among subgroups of the population.
Stable solution to l 2,1-based robust inductive matrix completion and its application in linking long noncoding RNAs to human diseases.

A large number of long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) are linked to a broad spectrum of human diseases. The disease association with many other lincRNAs still remain as puzzle. Validation of such links between the two entities through biological experiments are expensive. However, a plethora lincRNA-data are available now, thanks to the High Throughput Sequencing (HTS) platforms, Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS), etc, which opens the opportunity for cutting-edge machine learning and data mining approaches to extract meaningful relationships among lincRNAs and diseases. However, there are only a few in silico lincRNA-disease association inference tools available to date, and none of them utilizes side information of both the entities simultaneously in a single framework. The recently developed Inductive Matrix Completion (IMC) technique provides a recommendation platform among two entities considering respective side information about them. However, the formulation of IMC is incapable of handling noise and outliers that may be present in the datasets, while data sparsity consideration is another issue with the standard IMC method. Thus, a robust version of IMC is needed that can solve the two issues. As a remedy, in this paper, we propose Stable Robust Inductive Matrix Completion (SRIMC) that utilizes the l 2,1 norm based regularization to optimize the objective function with a unique 2-step stable solution approach. We applied SRIMC to the available association data between human lincRNAs and OMIM disease phenotypes as well as a diverse set of side information about the lincRNAs and the diseases. The method performs better than the state-of-the-art methods in terms of p r e c i s i o n @ k and r e c a l l @ k at the top-k disease prioritization to the subject lincRNAs. We also demonstrate that SRIMC is equally effective for querying about novel lincRNAs, as well as predicting rank of a newly known disease for a set of well-characterized lincRNAs. With the experimental results and computational evaluation, we show that SRIMC is robust in handling datasets with noise and outliers as well as dealing with novel lincRNAs and disease phenotypes.
DEFORMOTION: Deforming Motion, Shape Average and the Joint Registration and Segmentation of Images

What does it mean for a deforming object to be "moving" (see Fig. 1)? How can we separate the overall motion (a finite-dimensional group action) from the more general deformation (a diffeomorphism)? In this paper we propose a definition of motion for a deforming object and introduce a notion of "shape average" as the entity that separates the motion from the deformation. Our definition allows us to derive novel and efficient algorithms to register non-equivalent shapes using region-based methods, and to simultaneously approximate and register structures in grey-scale images. We also extend the notion of shape average to that of a "moving average" in order to track moving and deforming objects through time.
Effect of Sn Micro-alloying on Recrystallization Nucleation and Growth Processes of Ferritic Stainless Steels

We investigated the effect of Sn micro-alloying on recrystallization nucleation and growth processes of ferritic stainless steels. The as-received hot rolled sheets were cold rolled up to 80% reduction and then annealed at 740–880 °C for 5 min. The cold rolling and recrystallization microstructures and micro-textures of Sn-containing and Sn-free ferritic stainless steels were all determined by electron backscatter diffraction. Our Results show that Sn micro-alloying has important effects on recrystallization nucleation and growth processes of ferritic stainless steels. Sn micro-alloying conduces to grain fragmentation in the deformation band, more fragmented grains are existed in Sn-containing cold rolled sheets, which provides more sites for recrystallization nucleation. Sn micro-alloying also promotes recrystallization process and inhibits the growth of recrystallized grains. The recrystallization nucleation and growth mechanism of Sn-containing and Sn-free ferritic stainless steels are both characterized by orientation nucleation and selective growth, but Sn micro-alloying promotes the formation of γ-oriented grains. Furthermore, Sn micro-alloying contributes to the formation of Σ13b CSL boundaries and homogeneous γ-fiber texture. Combining the results of microstructure and micro-texture, the formability of Sn-containing ferritic stainless steels will be improved to some extent.
Introduction and Advertisement

Statistics textbooks provide interesting examples of causal questions: Did halothane do more to cause surgical deaths than ether? Was the lower admission rate of women to graduate programs at the University of California caused by discrimination against women? Does smoking cause cancer? Issues about determining causes surround many of the introductory and even advanced topics in statistical pedagogy: experimental design, randomization, collinearity in multiple regression, observational versus experimental studies, and so forth. But except for the standard warnings that correlation is not causation, the textbooks include little if any systematic discussion of the connection between causation and probability. The mathematics of probability and statistical inference is explicit, but the connection between probability relations and causal dependencies is almost completely tacit. The same applies to prediction, at least outside of econometrics. The textbooks consider cases where policy interventions are at issue, but they tell us nothing systematic about the connections between statistical analysis of observations or experiments and predictions of the effects of policies, actions or manipulations.
Two families of kurtosis measures

Two families of kurtosis measures are defined as K 1(b)=E[ab −|z|] and K 2(b)=E[a(1−|z|b)] where z denotes the standardized variable and a is a normalizing constant chosen such that the kurtosis is equal to 3 for normal distributions. K 2(b) is an extension of Stavig's robust kurtosis. As with Pearson's measure of kurtosis β2=E[z 4], both measures are expected values of continuous functions of z that are even, convex or linear and strictly monotonic in ℜ− and in ℜ+. In contrast to β2, our proposed kurtosis measures give more importance to the central part of the distribution instead of the tails. Tests of normality based on these new measures are more sensitive with respect to the peak of the distribution. K 1(b) and K 2(b) satisfy Van Zwet's ordering and correlate highly with other kurtosis measures such as L-kurtosis and quantile kurtosis.
Morphogenesis during the Cell Cycle of the Prokaryote, Caulobacter crescentus

The molecular machinery for the ordered unfolding of genetic potential, within the cell cycle, exists even in the simplest cells we know, the prokaryotes. Although all bacteria regulate their growth rate and assembly of internal structures, these events are difficult to study because they represent an organizational level too small to be resolved by traditional cytological methods and, until recently, too complex to dissect by purely biochemical methods. An example of such a multimolecular process is the replication of DNA in E. coli, which is now known to involve several protein components (Gefter et al, 1971; SScheckman et al., 1972; Wickner et al., 1972), probably occurs attached to the inside surface of the membrane (Ryter, 1968) and is expressed as a defined time function of the cell cycle (Donachie et al., 1973). Clearly, it would be advantageous to investigate a unicellular bacterium that undergoes gross morphological and biosynthetic changes during the cell cycle, so that events taking place within the cell can be conveniently monitored.
Repeated Electromagnetic Field Stimulation in Aging and Health

Abstract In recent years, the hypothesis of hormesis has drawn attention from the research community. Its existence in the laboratory is beyond question, and potential applications toward prevention of age-related diseases have fueled scientific inquiry. Previously, we demonstrated that repeated electromagnetic field stimulation upregulated the heat shock factor-1, and not only delayed cellular senescence, but also transiently reversed it in aging cells. Recently, we exposed primary human neuronal cultures to 64 MHz with specific absorption rate of 0.6 W/kg, and achieved a 58.35% decrease in beta amyloid levels in treated cells versus controls. Since results were achieved without evidence of cellular toxicity, human trials are considered. Indeed, the development of a therapeutic modality for the prevention, delay, or treatment of age-related pathologies such as Alzheimer’s disease and protein deposition diseases should be pursued. Herein, we discuss the exciting clinical applications of REMFS therapy, and implications on human health, aging, and age-related diseases.
The Meiji Restoration Seen from English-speaking Countries

Marxism, modernization theory, diplomatic history, intellectual history, people’s history, women’s history – from 1950 to the present, historians in Japan and the English-speaking world have taken ...
From Lightning Rod to Community Asset? The Creation of a Protected Area in Northern California and its Evolving Relationship to a Nearby Community

AbstractResearchers have described shifting relationships between communities and Protected Areas (PAs), from excluding communities to consultative relationships to participatory models. This research focuses on a PA created on formerly industrial timberland that was the focus of conflict between environmental activists and the timber industry. In a nearby formerly timber-dependent community, we assessed community use and support of the PA, and its perceived purposes and benefits, through a survey of residents and interviews with key stakeholders. Despite intense conflict surrounding its creation, we found support for the PA, and our case suggests a new possible relationship between PAs and communities, which is mitigating and helping to resolve natural resource conflict. We also found that community well-being benefits of the PA were unclear; we suggest that PA management should include cultural, economic, and historical context in objectives and interpretive materials; and should work to create economic...
Seasonality in the Ecology and Life Histories of Mountain Gorillas (Gorilla gorilla beringei)

The abundance of food, especially that of fruit and often that of young leaves, varies considerably over time for most primates. This variation can depend on or be independent of seasonality in rainfall. Mountain gorillas (Gorilla gorilla beringei) in the Virungas are exceptional: their habitat contains almost no edible fruit, and they mostly eat perennially available herbs and vines that are densely and evenly distributed in much of their habitat. Earlier studies documented little consistent temporal variation in mountain gorilla diets and habitat use, except for seasonal use of bamboo by some groups, and documented no birth seasonality. Long-term data (≤ 7 years) on 6 mountain gorilla groups confirm these results for habitat use, except that they show some seasonality in use of the upper altitudinal extremes of the gorillas' home ranges for unclear reasons. Relatively low and inconsistent variation in habitat quality over time should lower the costs of grouping for gorillas compared to other apes. Long-term data also confirm the absence of seasonality in births and conceptions. However, they show that mortality rates and risk of respiratory infections vary directly with rainfall. These relationships are probably causal and may be mediated through thermoregulatory stress.
The Equivalence of Two Conjectures in the Theory of Numrers

The equivalence of these two conjectures can even be put in the following sharper form : If N is any positive integer, Conjecture I is true for all n ≤ N if and only if Conjecture II is true for all n ≤ N and all real characters x . In one direction this is trivial, since λ(v) = (v|N*)forv= 1,2,…, N, where (x | y) denotes the Legendre- Jacobi symbol and N* denotes the smallest positive integer such that (p | N*) = - 1 for all primes p not exceeding N.
Coupled Inductor Design for Interleaved Three-level Active Neutral Point Clamped Inverters Considering EMI Noise Reduction

This paper presents the coupled inductor design for interleaved three-level active neutral point clamped (ANPC) inverter considering electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise reduction. Compared to two-level case, the scenarios involved in the three-level space vector modulation (SVM) are more complicated when analyzing the volt-seconds of the coupled inductor for paralleled three-level inverter. At system level, the purpose of converter interleaving is to reduce EMI noise and ripple current in most applications, and coupled inductor design should consider the needs of EMI noise reduction and EMI filter design. These issues are discussed in this paper. The relationship between circulating current and EMI noise is illustrated. EMI filter corner frequency as a function of interleaving angle is analytically derived, and optimal interleaving angle for maximum common-mode (CM) filter and differential-mode (DM) filter corner frequencies is discussed. Coupled inductor design methodology for interleaved three-level inverters with SVM is then presented. Experiments on two interleaved ANPC inverters are conducted. The results verify the coupled inductor design. With the derived optimal interleaving angle, the CM and DM EMI noise are significantly reduced.
Social Work and the Cultural Dialogue

This article presents an overview of traditional sociological approaches to the role of social work in society and offers an alternative perspective that draws upon anthropological concepts of culture and specifically the conceptualization of American culture as a form of dialogue between dominant and non-dominant groups in American society. Traditional approaches to the sociology of social work have focused on the concept of social workers as intermediaries. Intermediaries convey messages between groups and seek to resolve conflicts and reach agreements. Incorporating anthropological concepts of cultural dialogue, transmission, and reproduction enables a more in depth analysis and understanding of how this intermediary function plays out. It offers the ability to analyze the content of the messages and to create a better understanding of the tension between social change and social control that are part of social work practice. The intermediary approach to social work’s relations with society results in viewing social work as contradictory and somewhat ambiguous in its relationship to society. This ambiguity, in both theoretical and practical terms, has been difficult for the profession to resolve. By incorporating the concepts of cultural dialogue, transmission, and reproduction, it is argued that the role of social workers in society can be more clearly viewed as that of cultural agents engaged in the processes of dialogue, transmission, and reproduction. From this anthropological perspective, it may be possible to resolve the ambiguity between social work as a form of social control and social work as social change.
Back to the Future: Creating a Bipartisan Environmental Movement for the 21st Century

With a contentious presidential election looming amidst a pandemic, economic worries, and historic protests against systemic racism, climate action may seem less pressing than other challenges. Nothing could be further from the truth. To prevent greater public health threats and economic dislocation from climate disruption, which will disproportionately harm Black Americans, people of color, and indigenous people, we need to restore the bipartisanship that fueled the environmental movement. The fate of the planet—and our children and grandchildren—depends upon our collective action.
The role of the genetic testing industry in patient education of hereditary cancer: An observational study assessing the quality of patient education videos.

Abstract Objectives Genetic testing (GT) companies have developed patient education videos to supplement or replace pre-test genetic counseling (GC) by certified genetic counselors (CGC). The aim of this study was to assess the quality of these videos compared to the standard of care (SOC). Methods Videos from four major GT companies were selected from an internet search identifying pre-test patient education videos. A scoring rubric with 22 questions and 36 total points was devised to assess quality metrics, as described by the National Cancer Institute and National Society of Genetic Counselors. Twenty-two individuals with varying genetics expertise (3 gynecologic oncologists, 3 academic generalists, 4 CGC, a genetics community health worker, 3 cancer care navigators, and 8 medical students) scored each video. Scorers were blinded to others' assessments. Results Invitae had the highest median score (26/36), followed by Myriad (22/36), Ambry (17.5/36), and Color (15/36). All videos scored highly in explaining DNA basics, cancer development, and hereditary cancer predisposition. All addressed benefits of GT but failed to address potential disadvantages. All scored poorly in explaining medical terms and different GT options. There was variability in addressing patient concerns including cost, privacy, and procedure. Conclusions There is significant variation in the content of pre-test patient education videos between GT companies. None of the videos met the SOC for pre-test GC, and none addressed disadvantages of GT, possibly due to a conflict of interest. With improvement in content, accessibility, and use of interactive platforms, these videos may serve as an adjunct to in-person pre-test GC.
The Two Usuries: Performative Representation in the City Comedies

The most popular dramatic genre in late sixteenth- and early-seventeenth century London is known to historians as ‘city’ or ‘citizen’ comedy because it examines the lives and mores of the rising bourgeoisie. Such plays, which include works by Dekker, Jonson, and Marston, concentrate on the impact of commodification on the psyche. They focus in particular on the nexus of sex and money, drawing on the Aristotelian tradition of equating usury with unnatural reproduction and sexual concupiscence. The ‘bawd’ and the ‘wittol’ became symbols of mediation in general, and helped to solidify the links between rhetoric and sodomy, as well as between idolatry and usury. Incarnated in the figure of Pandarus the ‘go-between’ becomes a figure for the deleterious effects of efficacious representation as a whole.
On the Phonology and Semantics of Deaccentuation

The deaccentuation of given and/or repeated elements is familiar from many dialects of English. We propose that deaccentuation is essentially an optional postlexical phonological process of stress retraction triggered by two constraints: *Stress-Copy, which assigns a violation to a stress peak on a word with a segmentally identical copy in the left context, and Rightmost, which assigns a violation to every word between a stress peak and the right phrase edge. We quantify deaccentuation by defining it as being perceived with less stress than expected, where expected stress is calculated by an implementation of Liberman and Prince's (1977) phrasal stress algorithm. We provide empirical evidence for our analysis based on the first inaugurals of six former U.S. presidents.
Discrimination Experienced by Latinx American College Students is Associated with Enhanced Temporal Summation of Pain.

The majority of Latinx Americans have experienced race-based discrimination, and many report that the frequency of these experiences is increasing. Prior studies suggest that race-based discrimination may have unique effects on pain facilitation above and beyond general stress, anxiety, or depression; yet this work has primarily focused on discrimination experienced by Black Americans. Although the pain of Latinx Americans is underrepresented in the literature, laboratory studies reveal enhanced pain and markers of pain facilitation among Latinx relative to White Americans and a few recent studies indicate a link between experiences of race-based discrimination and clinical pain. Thus, facilitation of experimental pain among Latinx Americans may be partly driven by greater lifetime experiences of discrimination. In this study, 180 (67.8% f, Mage=19.70 ±3.29) Latinx American participants completed measures of discrimination and temporal summation of mechanical pain. The Perceived Ethnic Discrimination Questionnaire-Community Version (PEDQ-CV) was used to probe experienced frequency of different dimensions of discrimination (i.e., experiences of race-based exclusion or rejection, stigmatization, discrimination in the workplace/school, and race-related threat and aggression) as well as total lifetime exposure to discrimination. Almost all participants (94.4%) reported experiences of race-based discrimination. Increased frequency of lifetime discrimination and each of the dimensions of discrimination was associated with greater temporal summation (total lifetime exposure: r=.261, p=.004; race-based exclusion/rejection: r=.181, p = .046; stigmatization: r=.21, p=.021; workplace/school discrimination r=.233, p=.010 and race-related threat/aggression r=.279, p=.002). This suggests race-based discrimination is commonly experienced by Latinx Americans and may be contributing to enhanced pain via pain facilitation. In the current climate, race-based discrimination may represent an increasingly important social determinant of pain among Latinx Americans.
Communication in the Time of COVID-19: An Examination of Imagined Interactions and Communication Apprehension During the COVID-19 Pandemic

As people all over the world continue to adjust to the new normal presented to them by COVID-19, they must adjust to the social restrictions that have been enforced. These restrictions include shel...
Identification of Performance Shaping Factors Affecting Subsequent Human Actions for Dependence Assessment in Human Reliability Analysis

Dependence assessment refers to a method for adjusting the failure probability for the following action by considering the impact of the preceding action in human reliability analysis (HRA). This paper introduces a method for dependence assessment using performance shaping factors (PSFs), which is a different approach compared to existing dependency methods based on the Technique for Human Error-Rate Prediction (THERP). To be specific, the method presented here focuses on PSFs affecting multiple human actions and suggests how to quantify dependencies between human actions based on mathematical models and if-then logic for the PSFs. In this paper, the fundamental approach is introduced with a comparison to existing dependency methods. This paper also describes how we have developed the method.
Asymmetric Sawtooth Microstructure-Induced Vapor Mobility for Suppressed Buoyancy Conditions: Terrestrial Experiment and Design for ISS Experiments

The lack of buoyancy forces in microgravity stagnates vapor bubbles on heated electronic surfaces, raising local surface temperatures above device operating limits. Though flow boiling can help dissipate higher heat fluxes, the addition of pumps and regulated flow loops increases design complexity for electronic systems. Passive directional motion of the fluid using an asymmetric sawtooth microstructure has demonstrated motion along the surface due to viscous forces. The current study explores the sawtooth microstructure in the nucleate boiling regime for a horizontal upward- and downward-facing orientation with varying sawtooth profiles (60°–30° and 75°–15°) in terrestrial gravity conditions as a precursor to the International Space Station (ISS) experiments. A laser powder bed fusion metal additive manufacturing technique was used to fabricate the test surfaces with 250- $\mu \text{m}$ nucleation sites located on the long slopes. For the test surface with cavities spaced 2-mm apart, the wall superheat was ~4 K lower compared to cavities spaced 1 mm apart in the upward-facing orientation. The downward-facing surface induced passive vapor mobility in the direction of the long slope, and a thin liquid film was observed between the vapor mass and microstructure. This liquid film thickness was predicted using a simplified force balance model modified from a prior parabolic flight experiment. The model predicted a uniform liquid film thickness of $49~\mu \text{m}$ for a vapor slug moving at 13.7 mm/s with the input heat flux at 1.25 W/cm2. These terrestrial tests in the adverse orientation suggest that the sawtooth microstructure will successfully induce vapor mobility in upcoming ISS microgravity experiments. Elements of the final flight ampoule, including the cooling zone, the two-stage pressure relief system, and the high-speed imagery setup, are discussed.
Green message strategies and green brand image in a hotel context

This research investigates the effects of different green (environmental) message types on hotel customers’ green brand image perceptions and behavioral intentions. A 2 (green message abstractness:...
Intravital Optical Imaging to Monitor Anti-Tumor Immunological Response in Preclinical Models

Intravital microscopy is a powerful technique that is uniquely suitable for gaining insight into complex and dynamic interactions between tumor cells, the tumor microenvironment, immune system, other stromal cells, and therapy. There has recently been an expanding interest in understanding these key interactions as they relate to novel and successful immune and targeted therapies for treating cancer. In particular, how these can aid in our understanding of how these complex systems interact and how to understand the determinants of treatment response.
An Observation on the Separation of Sport and Dance

(1977). An Observation on the Separation of Sport and Dance. Journal of Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 48, No. 5, pp. 64-65.
Sustainable Development for the Healthcare Industry: Vantage Point from Emerging Economies

Product quality is only one aspect of the bigger picture that includes product safety as an equally or more important element when it comes to the sustainability of pharmaceuticals. To ensure the safety and quality of healthcare-related products, in addition to ethical commercialization practices, has been the never-ending task of various regulatory bodies around the world.
Electron Transfer in the Thermal and Photochemical Activation of Electron Donor-Acceptor Complexes in Organic and Organometallic Reactions

Publisher Summary This chapter highlights electron transfer in the thermal and photochemical activation of electron donor–acceptor complexes in organic and organometallic reactions. The chapter is intended as a follow-up to the seminal reviews that originally pointed out the importance of charge-transfer complexes in organic reactions. Following a prolonged hiatus, the advent of direct methods, involving time-resolved (laser) spectroscopy, has triggered a renewed interest in charge-transfer complexes as reactive intermediates. The chapter emphasizes the generality of the charge-transfer concept by demonstrating the ways in which the methodology can be applied to various organic and organometallic processes. The review of the chapter is mainly concerned with research carried out in laboratories. This chapter illustrates that aromatic nitration represents the prototypical system for illustrating the ways in which the detailed study of charge-transfer activation allows a unifying theme to be developed for electrophilic aromatic substitution as an important aspect of physical organic chemistry.
Simultaneous abstraction and equilibrium finding in games

A key challenge in solving extensive-form games is dealing with large, or even infinite, action spaces. In games of imperfect information, the leading approach is to find a Nash equilibrium in a smaller abstract version of the game that includes only a few actions at each decision point, and then map the solution back to the original game. However, it is difficult to know which actions should be included in the abstraction without first solving the game, and it is infeasible to solve the game without first abstracting it. We introduce a method that combines abstraction with equilibrium finding by enabling actions to be added to the abstraction at run time. This allows an agent to begin learning with a coarse abstraction, and then to strategically insert actions at points that the strategy computed in the current abstraction deems important. The algorithm can quickly add actions to the abstraction while provably not having to restart the equilibrium finding. It enables anytime convergence to a Nash equilibrium of the full game even in infinite games. Experiments show it can outperform fixed abstractions at every stage of the run: early on it improves as quickly as equilibrium finding in coarse abstractions, and later it converges to a better solution than does equilibrium finding in fine-grained abstractions.
Complex concept acquisition through directed search and feature caching

Difficult concepts arise in many complex, formative, or poorly understood real-world domains. High interaction among the data attributes causes problems for many learning algorithms, including greedy decision-tree builders, extensions of basic methods, and even backpropagation and MARS. A new algorithm, LFC uses directed lookahead search to address feature interaction, improving hypothesis accuracy at reasonable cost. LFC also addresses a second problem, the general verbosity or global replication problem. The algorithm caches search information as new features for decision tree construction. The combination of these two design factors leads to improved prediction accuracy, concept compactness, and noise tolerance. Empirical results with synthetic boolean concepts, bankruptcy prediction and bond rating show typical accuracy improvement of 15%-20% with LFC over several alternative algorithms in cases of moderate feature interaction. LFC also explicates latent relationships in the training data to provide useful intermediate concepts from the perspective of domain experts.
Big Man, Anthropology of

Referring to achieved leadership (often contrasted with inherited ‘chiefly’ rank), ‘big man’ has come to stand for a type of political organization closely associated with, although not limited to, Melanesia. This article locates the term's early uses, tracks developing analyses, and notes the shifting place of these studies vis-a-vis larger scholarly arguments. Contemporary trends include waning interest in classic comparativist typology building in favor of historically and culturally situated understandings of personhood and social action: attentive to gendered and emergent class relations, to nation-making and governance dilemmas, and to the impacts of international agencies and corporate interests on local communities and environments.
Revisiting dissipative heating in tropical cyclone maximum potential intensity

In this study, we re-examine the hypothesis of the dissipative heating in the tropical cyclone (TC) maximum potential intensity (MPI) proposed by Bister and Emanuel in 1998. By analysing an integral energy equation for an atmospheric domain that encloses all the TC Carnot legs, it is shown that the dissipative heating within the boundary layer is inherently contained in the energy budget so that there is no need to treat it separately. Due to the well-mixed assumption, the net impact of the dissipative heating turns out to be negligible, resulting in the same MPI estimation as in Emanuel's 1986 article. Within the atmospheric surface layer, the dissipative heating comes at the expense of reduced internal kinetic energy in the boundary layer, which is not seen in Bister and Emanuel's formulation due to their assumption of constant wind speed within the atmospheric surface layer. Analysis of the energy distribution within the atmospheric surface layer shows that about 10–30% of the frictional work could be transferred to the ocean surface waves and oceanic well-mixed layer, and the assumption that all frictional work is converted to the dissipative heating therefore needs to be revisited. Given further uncertainties in how the dissipative heating is distributed within the surface layer and how the atmospheric surface layer exchanges heat with the ambient environment, we recommend use of the original MPI formula obtained by Emanuel (1986) in which the impact of the dissipative heating within the surface layer can be effectively included in the bulk enthalpy flux parametrization instead of considering dissipative heating as an independent heat source as proposed by Bister and Emanuel.
ADJUSTMENT OF GRADUATE STUDENTS TO THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS: EFFECTS OF PART-TIME ENROLLMENT AND EXTRACURRICULAR ROLES

Although empirical evidence suggests that part-time and full-time graduate programs in social work are equivalent with respect to various academic outcomes, little is known about the effects of enrollment status on students’ psychological adjustment to the educational process. The effects of extracurricular role enactment similarly are unclear. The author surveyed graduate students at a large state university and found that, among those students, enrollment status, the total number of roles enacted, and the interaction between these variables had no effects on psychological adjustment scores. However, students who were both enrolled full-time and employed full-time had lower levels of adjustment than did other students. Among part-time female students, the extracurricular role of marriage was associated with lower adjustment. The author discusses the study results in light of the scarcity and expansion hypotheses, as derived from role theory. Practical implications for social work graduate education are p...
Mechanical stretch promotes fetal type II epithelial cell differentiation via shedding of HB‐EGF and TGF‐α

The mechanisms by which mechanical forces promote fetal lung development are not fully understood. Here, we investigated differentiation of fetal type II epithelial cells via the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in response to mechanical strain. First, we showed that incubation of embryonic day (E) 19 fetal type II cells with recombinant heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) or transforming growth factor (TGF)-α, but not with amphiregulin (AR), betacellulin (BTC) or epiregulin (EPR), increased fetal type II cell differentiation, as measured by surfactant protein B/C mRNA and protein levels. Next, we demonstrated that 5% cyclic stretch of E19 monolayers transfected with plasmid encoding alkaline phosphatase (AP)-tagged ligands shed mature HB-EGF and TGF-α into the supernatant and promoted type II cell differentiation. Release of these ligands was also observed in E19 cells subjected to higher degrees of cyclic strain, but not in cells exposed to continuous stretch. Interestingly, the addition of fibroblasts to type II cell cultures did not enhance release of HB-EGF. Whereas HB-EGF shedding was also detected in E18 cells exposed to 5% cyclic stretch, release of this ligand after 2.5% sustained stretch was restricted to cells isolated on E18 of gestation. In addition, mechanical stretch released EGF, AR and BTC. We conclude that mechanical stretch promotes fetal type II cell differentiation via ectodomain shedding of HB-EGF and TGF-α. The magnitude of shedding varied depending on gestational age, ligand, and strain protocol. These studies provide novel mechanistic information potentially relevant to fetal lung development and to mechanical ventilation-induced lung injury.
Determination of multiple aquifer parameters using generated water level disturbances

[1] A method was developed to determine bulk values of aquifer and sediment resistance parameters in a coupled canal-aquifer system using generated sinusoidal hydraulic disturbances. The method is based on analytical solutions to the canal-aquifer interaction problem derived assuming small perturbations, linear analysis, and spectral methods. Results were obtained in terms of dimensionless parameters so that they can be applied to many practical problems. Numerical models were used to verify the solutions in selected test problems. The method was applied to determine physical parameters of the L-31W canal in Miami-Dade County, Florida, near the Everglades in both dimensionless and dimensional forms. The field experiment was carried out using operational control features of the south Florida conveyance system. Results of the analysis show that various dimensionless parameter groups determine various dynamic behaviors in both confined and unconfined aquifers. Which flow component dominates in the system depends on the range of a particular dimensionless parameter. The analytical solutions derived during the analysis are useful in calculating parameters in regional systems where the historical data are noisy or questionable. Calculation of parameters is accomplished by designing field experiments in which input and output signals of a particular frequency can be used with analytical equations to obtain parameters.
Hexamethyl ether of leuco-thelephoric acid from Corticium caeruleum

Abstract The hexamethyl ether of leuco-thelephoric acid has been isolated from the mycelium of Corticium caeruleum ; its structure has been established by X-ray analysis.
Assessment of higher order structure comparability in therapeutic proteins using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

ABSTRACT In this work, we applied nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to rapidly assess higher order structure (HOS) comparability in protein samples. Using a variation of the NMR fingerprinting approach described by Panjwani et al. [2010. J Pharm Sci 99(8):3334–3342], three nonglycosylated proteins spanning a molecular weight range of 6.5–67 kDa were analyzed. A simple statistical method termed easy comparability of HOS by NMR (ECHOS-NMR) was developed. In this method, HOS similarity between two samples is measured via the correlation coefficient derived from linear regression analysis of binned NMR spectra. Applications of this method include HOS comparability assessment during new product development, manufacturing process changes, supplier changes, next-generation products, and the development of biosimilars to name just a few. We foresee ECHOS-NMR becoming a routine technique applied to comparability exercises used to complement data from other analytical techniques.