cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Social interactions in the central nest of Coptotermes formosanus juvenile colonies

Juvenile colonies of Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki were investigated to determine the social interactions among all individuals near the central nest of a colony. The behavioral repertoire of whole colonies of subterranean termites has yet to be identified because of their cryptic nests. Colonies were placed in planar arenas, and their behavioral repertoire and activities were recorded with video cameras. All castes and larval instars were determined and behavioral interactions were monitored and described, including feeding behaviors, grooming, nest maintenance, and inactivity. When two termites interacted, it was also determined which one was the donor or the recipient of the act. An ethogram was constructed by calculating relative frequency of each behavior for first instar larvae, second instar larvae, first instar workers, second instar workers or older, queen, king, soldiers and presoldiers. Larval instars, primary reproductives and soldiers were mostly passive during interactions. Workers performed most of the tasks; however, there was a difference of task divisions among worker instars. Young workers (W 1) performed most of the grooming of individuals in the central nest, while older workers (W 2+) provided nest maintenance and sanitation, by collecting fecal matter from most nest mates. In addition, older workers were mostly in charge of caring for the primary reproductives and the maintenance of the royal chamber. This study identified instar-specific activities and provides a first insight into caste and age polyethism in C. formosanus.
Factors Influencing Computer Science Learning in Middle School

In this paper, we describe research conducted around a 7-week curriculum designed to introduce middle school students to computer science with a focus on algorithmic thinking and programming. The pedagogical ideas employed in this curriculum were drawn from past research. Empirical investigations over two studies in a public middle school in the US examined changes in students' understanding of algorithmic constructs and the factors affecting that learning. Multi-level analyses revealed that students in both studies (1) achieved substantial learning gains in algorithmic thinking skills and significant growth towards a more mature understanding of computing as a discipline, and (2) found certain CT ideas and constructs more difficult than others. Prior computing experiences and math and English ability were found to be predictors of learning outcomes. Extracurricular experiences with technology also appeared to impact outcomes.
Bibliometric Analysis of Manuscript Title Characteristics Associated With Higher Citation Numbers: A Comparison of Three Major Radiology Journals, AJNR, AJR, and Radiology.

Our purpose was to determine if associations exist between titles characteristics and citation numbers in Radiology, American Journal of Roentgenology (AJR), and American Journal of Neuroradiology (AJNR). This retrospective study is Institutional Review Board exempt. We searched Web of Science for all original research and review articles in Radiology, AJR, and AJNR between 2006 and 2012 and tabulated number of words in the title, presence of a colon symbol, and presence of an acronym. We used a Poisson regression model to evaluate the association between number of citations and title characteristics. We then used the Wald test to detect pairwise differences in the effect of title characteristics on number of citations among the 3 journals. Between 2006 and 2012, Radiology published 2662, AJR 3998, and AJNR 2581 original research and review articles. There was a citation number increase per title word increase of 1.6% for AJNR and 2.6% for AJR and decrease of 0.8% for Radiology. For all, P P P P P = 0.028). Title characteristics investigated here showed a strong association with higher citation numbers in Radiology, AJR, and AJNR.
Death as a Penalty and the Fantasy of Instant Death

In this essay I take up the question of how death can be a penalty, given that each of us will eventually die. I argue that capital punishment in the United States rests on contradictory demands for painless death delivered humanely through pharmaceuticals and yet denies the accused the possibility of natural death. The death penalty must be at once humane and punishing. Analyzing what we mean by ‘botched’ executions, along with the language of the Supreme Court in upholding lethal injection as a humane application of the death penalty, I argue that the fantasy of instant death is at the heart of the tension between death as painless and death as penalty. In the end, I turn to Derrida’s Death Penalty Seminar Volume One, particularly his discussion of Kant’s defence of the capital punishment, and the pivotal role of time in his discussion. Finally, I suggest that the fantasies of instantaneous death and our technological mastery of it result in the fantasy of the ‘good’ punishing death.
The Validity of Anthropometric Predictions Derived from Proportional Multipliers of Stature

The inherent proportionality of the human body has been accepted since ancient times. Moreover, it has been assumed that anthropometric dimensions could be validly predicted by ratios or multipliers of another dimension (usually stature). Stature-based anthropometric multipliers from Drillis and Contini's (1966) Body Segment Parameters have been frequently referenced, even though their study focused on body segment mass properties rather than anthropometric dimension prediction. Using the electronic data from the U.S. Army 1987-1988 anthropometric survey (Gordon et al., 1989), we explored the prediction validity of stature-based anthropometric multipliers, and investigated the potential for improved validity by correcting multipliers for gender and race. This paper discusses selected findings for one (i.e. acromial height) of the ten anthropometric dimensions we studied within the white male demographic group, and compares these representative findings with selected results from the other anthropometric d...
Recovering K-sparse N-length vectors in O(K log N) time: Compressed sensing using sparse-graph codes

We study the design of measurement matrices for compressed sensing, where the goal is to stably acquire and reconstruct arbitrary K-sparse N-length signals in the presence of noise. We propose a new design framework that simultaneously leads to low measurement cost and low computational cost. In particular, the proposed framework guarantees successful recovery with high probability using O(K log N) measurements with a computational complexity of O(K log N). Both the measurement cost and algorithm runtime are order-optimal for support recovery when K = O (Nδ ) for some 0 < δ < 1. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first result that achieves this optimal scaling. The remarkable gains are brought by the proposed measurement structure based on sparse-graph codes, which allows for reconstructions of sparse signals using a simple peeling decoder. More generally, we formally connect general sparse recovery problems with sparse-graph decoding, and demonstrate our design in terms of the measurement cost, computational complexity and performance.
Does partial hospitalization for children with emotional disorders mean partial education

In this keynote address, Dr. Zimet discusses two issues. She reviews the accomplishments and future efforts of the Child and Adolescent Special Interest Group in AAPH. And she presents research findings that attempt to answer the question posed in the title.
“I failed, no matter how hard I tried”: A mixed-methods study of the role of achievement in primary school dropout in rural Kenya

Abstract Initial access to school is nearly universal in Kenya, but many children who enroll drop out before completing primary school. In this mixed-methods study, we use quantitative data from a randomized control trial involving 2666 upper primary-grade students, as well as qualitative data from interviews with 41 schoolchildren, dropouts, and parents, to examine dropout. Poorer baseline performance on literacy and numeracy assessments predicted a higher risk of dropout. Interviews revealed that children are the primary decision-makers rather than parents. Together, these findings suggest that school quality interventions may be an effective means of reducing primary school dropout in this region.
The Lost Generation

“People in my parents’ generation seem to remember the world as having been a more energetic and lively place when they were in their thirties. It’s different now. Even though everyone says the economy is recovering, there is no feeling of energy – just kind of a gloomy atmosphere.” – Twenty-eight-year-old male graduate of a low-ranking public general high school Kakusa . NEET . Furītā . Parasaito shinguru. Hikikomori . Wākingu puā . Net-cafe refugees . Shōshika . Japanese newspapers, magazines, and books are filled with terms such as these, emblematic of a society undergoing transformation and grappling with new and bewildering social problems. To comprehend these phenomena requires an understanding of what young Japanese experienced in the 1990s when they entered adulthood. The Japanese labor market was changing under their feet, undergoing important structural transformations that made their choices and opportunities fundamentally different from the choices their parents had faced. Although young people’s work and lifestyle preferences were changing as well, more important were the changes occurring in the institutions in Japan that had supported the prior generation’s movement from school to work and into adulthood. The breakdown in school-work institutions and in employers’ guarantee of secure employment to large numbers of new graduates produced a “lost generation” in the 1990s, a cohort of young people unable to gain a stable economic toehold from which to embark on their adult lives. Lost in the transition from school to work, the lost generation is a reflection of a deeper transition in Japanese society – a transition away from social institutions that helped guide individuals from one life stage to another. These life stages have been deeply connected in Japan to what we might call the “social locations” in which individuals find security and a sense of identity. The rupture in the social institutions guiding individuals into such social locations has profound implications, as it requires individuals to master new sets of skills to navigate what have become rocky and at times lonely transitions. The costs of these recent institutional changes in Japan have been borne mainly by the young, especially the least educated among them.
Constipation in Cancer Patients

The prevalence of constipation varies widely due to non-reporting or because this information is not captured during visits to hospital or outpatient clinics; however, it has been estimated to be in a range of 0.7 % to 79 % (median 16 %) in the worldwide general population (Mugie et al. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 25(1):3–18, 2011). Mugie and colleagues state that the difference can be attributed to other factors including socioeconomic, cultural, dietary, and environmental. There have been challenges to the way we practice medicine as a result of healthcare reform occurring in the United States and worldwide. Patients’ involvement in their care, and preventive care, is widely emphasized, as well as conscious use of limited resources. Visits to the emergency department (ED) and hospital admissions for constipation are considered avoidable if recognition of the risk factors and education are initiated proactively (Delgado-Guay et al. J Pain Symptom Manage 49(3):497–504, 2015).
Repair, Growth, and Enterotoxigenesis of Staphylococcus aureus S-6 Injured by Freeze-Drying

Staphylococcus aureus S-6 cells in the mid-log growth phase rapidly (0.5–1 h) repaired freeze-drying injury when rehydrated at mesophilic temperatures (20–50 C), although these temperatures had a greater effect on subsequent growth of total survivors. At 15 C repair and growth processes were slow. At 10 C repair and growth did not occur. Enterotoxin B was released into the rehydration medium at about the time when survivors initiated growth but was difficult to demonstrate during the repair stage because of the short duration of this phase. Metabolic and macromolecular inhibitor studies on S. aureus S-6 cells injured by freeze-drying suggested that RNA synthesis was necessary as the first stage of repair.
Some New Late Mississippian Trilobites from Oklahoma and Arkansas

ABSTRACT A new late Mississippian trilobite species, Kaskia pitkinensis, new species, is described from the Pitkin Formation of Arkansas. Kaskia pitkinensis, recovered from early Serpukhovian strata, is the youngest species of the Kaskia clade known in the United States. Kaskia c.f. K. wilsoni (Walter, 1924) also is illustrated. Cyrtoproetus kerhini, new species, from the upper Fayetteville Formation of Arkansas is also described. Richterella hindesvillensis Hessler, 1965, from the Hindesville Limestone of Oklahoma, is herein reassigned to the genus Cyrtoproetus Reed, 1943. Cyrtoproetus kerhini, new species, and C. hindesvillensis (Hessler, 1965) are the first known occurrences of Cyrtoproetus in North America.
Special session: Fostering change application and implications of Palmer's movement approach to change

According to change literature, the multiplicity of levels and structures that exist within an organization makes organizational change a difficult process. Similarly, many challenges face any attempt to foster change in engineering education, due to the various layers that make up the field. Looking at the evolution of engineering education research (EER) as a field and the individual pathways of engineering education researchers, EER scholars have discussed a model for engineering education reform that draws from Palmer's Movement Approach to change. This special session introduces Palmer's approach as a framework to look at reforms that have already occurred, and envision possible paths for action toward desired changes.
Information disclosure in auctions with downstream competition

When bidders’ valuations are derived from a downstream market in which they may compete, the allocation to the firms with the lowest costs can differ from the allocation that maximizes the ex post valuations of the bidders. I consider the problem of auctioning two goods to bidders whose valuations for a good flexibly depend on their and their rival’s costs as well as the identity of the rival. I show that revealing the identities of winners through a sequential auction procedure leads to allocations in which bidders tend to have higher ex post valuations but also higher costs when compared to a simultaneous auction.
Origins of Photodamage in Pheomelanin Constituents: Photochemistry of 4-Hydroxybenzothiazole.

4-Hydroxybenzothiazole (4-HBT) is a molecular constituent of pheomelanin—a polymeric skin centered pigment which acts as a natural photoprotector against harmful solar-UV radiation. Its molecular structure is therefore required to sustain a degree of photostability upon electronic excitation with UV irradiation. Despite its function as a protector against UV, pheomelanin is known to be less photostable than that of its close derivative eumelanin—a dark skin centered pigment. The 4-HBT subunit has long being attributed as a key contributor to the lack of photostability of pheomelanin—a hypothesis which we aim to test in this paper. Using high-level multireference computational methods, coupled with on-the-fly surface-hopping molecular dynamics, we find excited state reaction paths that show potential detriment to 4-HBT, leading to phototoxic radicals and products that are distinct from the original ground state molecule. Such radicals and photoproducts include those formed by classic πσ* photodissociations...
Effect of a contralateral lesion on neurological recovery from stroke in rats

Purpose: Clinical studies suggest a correlation between changes in activity of the contralesional cerebral cortex and spontaneous recovery from stroke, but whether this is a causal relationship is uncertain. Methods: Young adult Sprague-Dawley male rats underwent unilateral or bilateral permanent distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (dMCAO). Infarct volume was determined by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining 24 hr after dMCAO, and functional outcome was assessed 1-28 days after dMCAO using the ladder rung walking and limb placing tests. Results: Infarct volume was unchanged, but functional neurological deficits were reduced 1 day after bilateral compared to unilateral dMCAO. Conclusions: Activity in the contralesional cerebral cortex may inhibit functional motor recovery acutely after experimental stroke.
Applications of Digital and Adaptive Control Theories to Mechatronic Systems

This essay touches the past, present and future while reviewing my experience in the area of mechanical system controls over the last two decades. Applications of adaptive control theory to mechanical systems are emphasized throughout this article; Ioan Landau introduced me to the world of adaptive control twenty years ago, which is an important “past” event in my professional career. The word “Mechatronics” is gaining increasing popularity among systems and control engineers, in particular in the mechanical engineering community. While my professional career has been in the field of dynamic systems and control, many of my past and present works are relevant to mechatronics. As long as the common understanding of “mechatronics” has evolved to intersect with the analysis and design of mechanical control systems, it provides an excellent framework to discuss the “present” and “future” direction of control of mechanical systems.
Development of an odd-Z-projectile reaction for heavy element synthesis: 208Pb(64Ni, n)271Ds and 208Pb(65Cu, n)272111

Seven {sup 271}Ds decay chains were identified in the bombardment of {sup 208}Pb targets with 311.5- and 314.3-MeV {sup 64}Ni projectiles using the Berkeley Gas-filled Separator. These data, combined with previous results, provide an excitation function for this reaction. From these results, an optimum energy of 321 MeV was estimated for the production of {sup 272}111 in the reaction {sup 208}Pb({sup 65}Cu, n). One decay chain was observed, resulting in a cross section of 1.7{sub -1.4}{sup +3.9} pb. This experiment confirms the discovery of element 111 by the Darmstadt group who used the {sup 209}Bi({sup 64}Ni, n){sup 272}111 reaction.
Investigation of Sand Ripple Dynamics with Combined Particle Image and Tracking Velocimetry

AbstractAccurately assessing the response of sediments to oscillatory flows requires high-resolution fluid velocity and sediment transport measurements at the fluid–sediment interface. Fluid and se...
A Bayesian design for phase I cancer therapeutic vaccine trials

Phase I clinical trials are the first step in drug development to test a new drug or drug combination on humans. Typical designs of Phase I trials use toxicity as the primary endpoint and aim to find the maximum tolerable dosage. However, these designs are poorly applicable for the development of cancer therapeutic vaccines because the expected safety concerns for these vaccines are not as much as cytotoxic agents. The primary objectives of a cancer therapeutic vaccine phase I trial thus often include determining whether the vaccine shows biologic activity and the minimum dose necessary to achieve a full immune or even clinical response. In this paper, we propose a new Bayesian phase I trial design that allows simultaneous evaluation of safety and immunogenicity outcomes. We demonstrate the proposed clinical trial design by both a numeric study and a therapeutic human papillomavirus vaccine trial.
IDENTIFICATION, FUZZY CONTROLLER FOR ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE MACHINE SERVO SYSTEM

This paper utilizes a system identification to model EDM using Arduino and fuzzy controller. System identification is a useful tool for identifying the model depending on the input and output data of the controller. However, derivation of modeling process from first principles is often difficult due to its complexity. The proposed method is used for identifying the mathematical model of EDM from the real time experimental data from gather data from the systemy feeding the DC motor sine sweep or white noise inputs. The model identification of EDM servo system was conducted by using MATLAB/Simulink program and after that the obtained transfer function for the system. The proposed controller has been applied by using FLC .The results showed that the controller can work well with a quick response, no overshoot output and high control precision. http://dx.doi.org/10.30572/2018/kje/090406
Bayesian decision theoretic design of two-founder experimental crosses given diallel data

In designing experimental crosses of inbred strains of model organisms, researchers must make a number of decisions. These include the selection of the appropriate strains, the cross design (F2 intercross), and the number of progeny to collect (sample size). These decisions strongly influence the potential for a successful quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping experiment; good design decisions will lead to efficient and effective science. Thus experimental design deserves careful consideration and planning. Experimental outcomes can be quantified through utility functions using a Bayesian decision theoretic approaches. For QTL mapping experiments, the power to map a QTL is an appealing utility function to maximize. Using any utility function to aid in experimental design will be dependent on assumptions, such as the QTL effect size in the case of power. Rather than arbitrarily selecting QTL effect size values, they can be estimated from pilot data using a Bayesian hierarchical model. The information in the pilot data can be propagated to the utility function, using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) to sample from the posterior distribution. Key features of this approach include: 1) distributional summaries of utility, which are preferable to point estimates, and 2) a comprehensive search of the experimental space of crosses of inbred lines for well-designed experiments. We evaluate this Bayesian theoretic approach using diallel crosses as the pilot data. We present results from simulations as well as present examples from both Mendelian and complex traits in the founder strains of the mouse Collaborative Cross. All analyses were performed using our R package, DIDACT (Diallel-Informed Decision theoretic Approach for Crosses Tool), developed to perform Bayesian cross selection based on diallel pilot data.
Nanoparticle-Stabilized CO2 Foam Flooding

The efficacy of several nanoparticles [silica (Si), nanoclays, fly ash and iron oxide (IO)] in stabilizing CO2 foam is studied via flow experiments in a microfluidic device. The resulting foam is characterized using modified bulk foam tests. Size and uniformity of nanoparticle (NP) dispersions are quantified using dynamic light scattering. Results indicate that the size distribution and surface charge of the particles are influential parameters on the stability and formability of the foam, which in turn have a direct relationship with oil recovery performance. Si, nanoclays and fly ash NPs assisted by surfactant mixtures generate stable foams and result in high ultimate oil recoveries (over 90%). Even though IO-surfactant mixtures generate foams with relatively inferior stability characteristics and ultimate recovery, approximately three quarters of the IO NPs are recovered once exposed to a magnetic field. Unlike nanoclays and fly ash, the use of Si and IO NPs as foam stabilizers results in significant improvements in recovery at much smaller pore-volumes injected (~10 PVIs).
Breaking the 2 V Barrier in Aqueous Zinc Chemistry:Creating 2.45 and 2.8 V MnO2–Zn Aqueous Batteries

We report for the first time the creation of 2.45 and 2.8 V aqueous manganese dioxide (MnO2)|zinc (Zn) batteries without the use of expensive ion-selective membranes separating the anodes and catho...
Altering the ratio of dietary C16:0 and cis-9 C18:1 interacts with production level in dairy cows: Effects on production responses and energy partitioning.

ABSTRACT The objective of our study was to evaluate the effects of altering the dietary ratio of palmitic (C16:0) and oleic (cis-9 C18:1) acids on nutrient digestibility, energy partitioning, and production responses of lactating dairy cows. Cows were blocked by milk yield and assigned to 3 groups (12 cows per group) in a main plot: low (45.2 ± 1.7 kg/d), medium (53.0 ± 1.6 kg/d), and high (60.0 ± 1.9 kg/d). Within each production group, a truncated Latin square arrangement of fatty acid (FA) treatments was used in 2 consecutive 35-d periods. The FA treatments supplemented at 1.5% of diet dry matter were (1) 80:10 (80% C16:0 + 10% cis-9 C18:1), (2) 73:17 (73% C16:0 + 17% cis-9 C18:1), (3) 66:24 (66% C16:0 + 24% cis-9 C18:1), and (4) 60:30 (60% C16:0 + 30% cis-9 C18:1). Treatment × production group interactions were observed for yields of milk, fat-corrected milk, energy-corrected milk, milk fat, milk protein, and milk lactose and energy partitioned to milk. Increasing cis-9 C18:1 in FA treatments reduced fat-corrected milk, energy-corrected milk, and milk energy output in low-producing cows but increased these in high-producing cows. Increasing cis-9 C18:1 in FA treatments did not affect milk yield, milk protein yield, and milk lactose yield in low- and medium-producing cows but increased these in high-producing cows. Regardless of production level, there was no effect of treatments on dry matter intake; however, increasing cis-9 C18:1 in FA treatments increased body weight change and body condition score change. Increasing cis-9 C18:1 in FA treatments increased total FA digestibility due to a linear increase in 16- and 18-carbon FA digestibilities. Interactions between FA treatments and production level were observed for the yield of milk fat and milk FA sources. In low-producing cows, increasing cis-9 C18:1 in FA treatments decreased milk fat yield due to a decrease in de novo and mixed milk FA without changes in preformed milk FA. In contrast, in high-producing cows, increasing cis-9 C18:1 in FA treatments increased milk fat yield due to an increase in de novo and preformed milk FA. Our results indicate that high-producing dairy cows (averaging 60 kg/d) responded better to a fat supplement containing more cis-9 C18:1, whereas low-producing cows (averaging 45 kg/d) responded better to a supplement containing more C16:0.
UASTrustChain: A Decentralized Blockchain- Based Trust Monitoring Framework for Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Systems

Unmanned aerial systems (UASs) are prone to several cyber-physical attacks, which decrease the performance of the network and may cause damage to the unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or their surrounding environment. In this article, we propose UASTrustChain, a trust management framework based on Blockchain time-stamped series. We consider a system of models, consists of a number of autonomous UAVs, whose behaviors are regularly monitored by a set of distributed observers (DOs). Since most cyber attacks cause interruption in the operations of UAVs or deviation from their original path, the DOs keep track of the UAVs’ behavior in terms of their trajectory, as well as the number of their successful tasks. The DOs calculate a relative trust score for each UAV and keep these scores in a transparent, reliable, secure and open ledger. This framework can detect UAVs’ abnormal behavior in a real-time manner further to detect the compromised distributed observers, if any. The proposed framework could also distinguish abnormal activities due to real attacks from those caused by harsh environmental conditions. We evaluate the proposed framework for its functionality and accuracy by performing extensive simulation experiments. Our simulation results show that the proposed trust model can detect compromised distributed observers and fades their effect on the UAVs trust scores. Results further show the ability of the system in detecting malicious UAVs, which can be under various cyber-physical attacks.
Simulation of the supercritical CO2 recompression Brayton power cycle with a high-temperature regenerator

Abstract The supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) recompression Brayton cycle promises higher efficiency and lower capital cost than traditional steam Rankine power cycles. However, achieving high efficiency requires large, highly effective recuperators. Regenerators may be a low-cost alternative to printed circuit and micro-tube heat exchangers for recuperation in sCO2 power cycles. Regenerators are a periodic heat exchanger in which thermal energy is extracted from the hot stream, stored in solid media, and then released to the cold stream at a later time. Fixed bed regenerators with valves to direct fluid are the preferred method for implementing regenerators in power cycles, but the inherently transient nature of these systems has not been characterized for this application. This study presents the simulation of a high-temperature regenerator within a 10 MWe sCO2 recompression Brayton cycle. A transient, one-dimensional regenerator model presented in a previous study is used to simulate the regenerator. Dynamic heat exchanger models are also developed for the precooler, low-temperature recuperator, and primary heat exchanger, and the compressors and the turbine are modeled with off-design performance maps. We assess two regenerator-valve design options; one for fast switching, and one for reduced flow rate fluctuations. System simulation finds that both designs see significant fluctuations in turbomachinery flow rate, turbomachinery and system power, and regenerator discharge process outlet temperature. While designing the regenerator-valve subsystem for lower fluctuations is possible, the regenerator cold discharge temperature and net power still fluctuate by ± 77.6°C and 6%, respectively. Increasing buffer volume is not effective at sufficiently reducing these fluctuations, but adding a packed bed in between the regenerator and the primary heat exchanger can reduce regenerator discharge process outlet temperature fluctuations to ± 6.4°C. Further reductions could be possible by increasing the size of this packed bed.
Broadband Electrical Sensing of Nucleus Size in a Live Cell From 900 Hz to 40 GHz

Live Jurkat cells were trapped by dielectrophoresis on a coplanar waveguide and the resulted changes in its reflection and transmission coefficients were measured from 900 Hz to 40 GHz. The measurement confirms that the decrease of nucleus size in a cell increases its impacts on both the reflection and transmission coefficients. Being fast, compact and label free, broadband electrical sensing may be used to detect other changes of the nucleus morphology and DNA content, which could be useful for cancer diagnosis.
$SU(4)$ Flavorful Portal Matter

In this paper, we present a model which attempts to unify a new dark sector force with a local $SU(3)$ flavor symmetry. Dark Matter (DM) and its potential interactions with the Standard Model (SM) continue to present a rich framework for model building. In the case of thermal DM of a mass between a few MeV and a few GeV, a compelling and much-explored framework is that of a dark photon/vector portal, which posits a new $U(1)$ ``dark photon" which only couples to the SM via small kinetic mixing (KM) with the SM hypercharge. This mixing can be mediated at the one-loop level by portal matter (PM) fields which are charged under both the dark $U(1)$ and the SM gauge group. In earlier work, one of the authors has noted that models with appropriate portal matter content to produce finite and calculable kinetic mixing can arise from non-minimal dark sectors, in which the dark $U(1)$ is a subgroup of a larger gauge symmetry under which SM particles might have non-trivial representations. We expand on this idea here by constructing a model in which in which the dark $U(1)$ is unified with another popular extension to the SM gauge group, a local $SU(3)$ flavor symmetry. The full dark/flavor symmetry group is $SU(4)_F \times U(1)_F$, incorporating the local $SU(3)$ flavor symmetry with PM appearing as a vector-like ``fourth generation" to supplement the three generations of the SM. To ensure finite contributions to KM, the SM gauge group is arranged into Pati-Salam multiplets. The new extended dark gauge group presents a variety of interesting experimental signatures, including non-trivial consequences of the flavor symmetry being unified with the dark sector.
A Protein Linkage Map of the P2 Nonstructural Proteins of Poliovirus

The yeast two-hybrid system was used to catalog all detectable interactions among the P2 nonstructural cleavage products of poliovirus type 1 (Mahoney). Evidence has been obtained for specific associations among 2A(pro), 2BC, 2C, and 2B. Specifically, 2A(pro) can interact with itself and 2BC and its cleavage products (2B and 2C) interact in all possible combinations, with the exception of 2C/2C. Detected interactions were confirmed in vitro by a glutathione S-transferase pulldown assay, which allowed us to detect 2C/2C association. transdominant-negative mutants of 2B (K. Johnson and P. J. Sarnow, J. Virol. 65:4341-4349, 1991) were examined and were found to retain interaction with wild-type 2B, perhaps reflecting a need for 2B multimerization in viral RNA replication. The multimerization of 2B was examined further by screening a mutagenized library for 2B variants that have lost the ability to bind wild-type 2B. The screen identified two nonconservative missense mutations within a central hydrophobic region, as well as truncations and frameshifts that implicate the C terminus in homointeraction. Introduction of the missense mutations into the genome of the virus conferred a quasi-infectious phenotype, an observation strongly suggesting that the 2B/2B interaction is required for replication of the viral genome.
Predicting the Evolution of Tidal Channels in Muddy Coastlines

Abstract : The long-term goals of this research are as follows: (1) to quantify the relationships between resuspension of fine material in the shelf by wind waves, tidal channel hydrodynamics, and sediment supply to coastal marshes; (2) to develop predictive, high-resolution models for the hydrodynamics and sediment dynamics of tidal channels in muddy coastal environments; and (3) to develop methods to predict the long-term evolution of tidal channels in muddy coastlines as a function of sediment availability, hydrodynamics, and climate change. The specific objectives of this research are as follows: (1) measure the supply of sediments to a Louisiana salt marsh as a function of wind waves; (2) apply, test, and validate a high-resolution, hydrodynamic sediment transport model in a Louisiana marsh and determine the short-term evolution of the tidal channels and the supply of sediments from the shelf; (3) integrate the short-term results of the high-resolution numerical model in already developed long-term models of tidal channel evolution; (4) link the transport of sediments to salt marshes via tidal channels to the resuspension of fine sediments in the adjacent shelf; (5) compare the results of the MURI project "Mechanisms of Fluid Mud Interactions under Waves" to measurements of sediment concentration in a nearby marsh channel; and (6) share and merge the model and results with those of the MURI Research Group. The study focuses on the Little Constance Bayou, a creek in the Rockefeller State Wildlife Refuge, to characterize the fluxes of sediments from the shelf to the marshes. The authors deployed a Nortek ADCP with an acoustic backscattering system at the mouth of the creek to measure tidal elevation, water velocity, and concentration of suspended sediment in time. A Sontek ADV was deployed in the bay in front of the channel mouth to record wave characteristics during the period studied.
Human suppressor lymphocytes. I. Induction and characterization.

Abstract Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were induced to become suppressor cells by exposure to Concanavalin A or Phytohemagglutinin. These cells were able to suppress the cytotoxic responses but not the proliferative responses of alloantigen activated human lymphocytes. Suppressor cells were non-specific in their activity, suppressing both allogeneic and syngeneic responders. They were labile in short-term tissue culture and required a proliferative phase for full induction of suppressor activity. Removal of macrophages prior to mitogen exposure resulted in a small loss of suppressor activity. Suppression was not the result of too much help since enhancement could not be demonstrated upon the addition of small numbers of suppressor cells to MLC.
Selection of motility mutants.

Publisher Summary Inducing and screening for temperature-sensitive mutations affecting cilia regeneration is designed to identify genes that affect cilia regeneration. The strengths of this approach are that one makes no assumptions about which genes are important; any gene affecting the process can be identified. Also, ts mutations can be isolated, which allows analysis of essential genes. There are two limitations to this approach: (1) there is no easy way to identify and clone the mutated genes and (2) the only genes that affect cilia regeneration are identified, although the screen could be adapted to identify mutations that affect motility in growing cells but that have little effect during cilia regeneration. Advances in transformation of Tetrahymena shows that it is possible to disrupt the expression of any gene that is cloned, either by targeting a mutation to that gene using gene replacement techniques or by using antisense ribosomes. The advantages of targeted gene knockout are that one can determine whether any cloned gene is involved in motility and what role that gene plays.
Studies with Bacteriophage φII. Events Following Infection of Male and Female Derivatives of Escherichia coli K-12

We studied the course of infection of the female-specific bacteriophage φII in male and female cells isogenic except for the presence of the substituted sex factor, F′lac. Both male and female cells are killed by φII; however, only limited phage replication occurs in male cells. Host macromolecular synthesis stops abruptly at 4 to 6 min after infection of male cells, and synthesis of phage components cannot be detected. Experiments with chloramphenicol indicate that phage deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) penetrates into male cells, since protein synthesis after infection is required to stop synthesis of DNA in males. Phage DNA becomes membrane-associated in both female and male cells. In male cells, parental phage DNA does not dissociate from the membrane during the latent period as is the case with females, indicating a block in phage DNA replication. Isolation of nonrestricting F′lac mutations indicates involvement of a specific episome product in φII restriction.
Development of a biophysical model for vestibular prosthesis research

Physiologic properties of primary vestibular neurons are compared and contrasted with properties of primary auditory neurons. The differences and similarities suggest possible coding strategies for a vestibular implant. The degree of spike rate variability, or coefficient of variation (CV), is a prominent physiological property of vestibular neurons with undetermined functional significance. At the very least, CV is highly correlated with threshold to electrical stimulation in the intact vestibular labyrinth. If CV is also important for vestibular coding, then electrical stimulation strategies should be designed to restore relatively physiologic patterns of CV. Simulations using a stochastic model of primary afferent vestibular neurons reveal that this should be possible using combinations of low and high-rate pulsatile stimulation. They also demonstrate that differences in the number and independence of synaptic inputs can significantly affect CV.
Front‐line Regulators and their Approach to Environmental Regulation in Southwest Ohio

Regulatory approaches and strategies are frequently the subject of study in various literatures, but that examination focuses on practices rather than looking more deeply at the nature of regulatory interactions. Also missing is a more thorough look at what it is front-line regulators—in this case, environmental inspectors and site coordinators—desire in their interactions and how they perceive their regulatory counterparts. Interviews with regulators in Southwest Ohio reveal that 82 percent of them think the regulated community intends to comply with regulations. Additionally, 71 percent of regulators say that their interactions are positive with the regulated community with three-quarters indicating that trust plays a role in these interactions. Only 36 percent of interviewees prefer a clear cut and consistent approach while the rest favor a collaborative approach or some combination thereof. These findings should impact discussions concerning regulatory approaches in environmental policy, particularly conversations concerning next-generation policies.
Reconstruction of vector field in fluid measurement

A new approach of image processing is proposed to enhance the spatial resolution of fluid flow field measurement. The local estimate velocity is first found in a sub-image region. The particles in the region are then located individually. The corresponding particles are matched by using the estimate velocity and the particle locations in conjunction, making it possible to produce mole velocity measurements from the smallest particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurement sub-region. The proposed method has been proved successful by testing the experimental result from Urushihara et al. (1986).
Effects of Chronic Electrical Stimulation on Patients using a Cochlear Prosthesis

Eighteen patients using the Nucleus multichannel cochlear prosthesis underwent annual evaluations for electrical thresholds, dynamic range, and speech recognition abilities for a period of 1 to 5 years. Results revealed no correlation between length of usage of a cochlear implant and electrical thresholds. The dynamic range was initially wider in the patients with open-set speech recognition, but narrowed in subsequent years. There was a correlation between length of deafness and postoperative performance.
Clinical associations of incidentally detected parotid gland calcification on CT.

Objectives/Hypothesis Parotid gland calcifications can be incidental findings on computed tomography (CT) and have been reported to be associated with chronic inflammatory conditions. Associations between parotid gland calcification and other common medical conditions have not been reported. Methods Following institutional review board approval, 1,571 patients who underwent noncontrast head CT with 1.25-mm slice thickness on a 64-detector row CT between January 2011 and July 2011 were retrospectively reviewed for parotid gland calcifications. Medical records were reviewed for chronic kidney disease, alcoholism, autoimmune conditions, endocrine disorders, elevated alkaline phosphatase, and HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) status. Statistical analyses were performed using Fisher's exact test and multiple logistic regression. Results Sixty-three of 1,571 (4%) patients had parotid gland calcifications. Significant associations were observed between parotid gland calcifications and HIV infection (P = 0.002), chronic kidney disease (P < 0.0001), alcoholism (P < 0.0001), elevated alkaline phosphatase (P = 0.003), and autoimmune disease (P = 0.02). Conclusion Parotid gland calcifications were associated with HIV, alcoholism, chronic kidney disease, autoimmune disease, and elevated alkaline phosphatase. Level of Evidence 4. Laryngoscope, 125:1360–1365, 2015
High density quark matter and the renormalization group in QCD with two and three flavors

Abstract We consider the most general four fermion operators in QCD for two and three massless flavors and study their renormalization in the vicinity of the Fermi surface. We show that, asymptotically, the largest coupling corresponds to scalar diquark condensation. Asymptotically the direct and iterated (molecular) instanton interactions become equal. We provide simple arguments for the form of the operators that diagonalize the evolution equations. Some solutions of the flow equations exhibit instabilities arising out of purely repulsive interactions.
Inhibitory regulation of corpus allatum activity in mosquitoes

Abstract In order to determine whether juvenile hormone (JH) in mosquitoes is regulated by ovarian inhibitory feedback, we implanted JH-sensitive pupal ovaries into adult mosquitoes and observed subsequent ovarian maturation. Removal or destruction of resting-stage ovaries (previously JH-stimulated) resulted in JH-stimulated development of implanted pupal ovaries. Ablation experiments demonstrated the ovary-corpus allatum sequence of maturation, and application of exogenous hormone analogs confirmed that development of implanted pupal ovaries is JH-dependent. Incidental observations indicated that ovaries of preapolytic pupae produce a hormone that causes more mature ovaries to degenerate. We concluded that corpus allatum activity in Aedes aegypti is regulated by ovarian feedback inhibition.
Two CES1 gene mutations lead to dysfunctional carboxylesterase 1 activity in man: clinical significance and molecular basis.

The human carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) gene encodes for the enzyme carboxylesterase 1, a serine esterase governing both metabolic deactivation and activation of numerous therapeutic agents. During the course of a study of the pharmacokinetics of the methyl ester racemic psychostimulant methylphenidate, profoundly elevated methylphenidate plasma concentrations, unprecedented distortions in isomer disposition, and increases in hemodynamic measures were observed in a subject of European descent. These observations led to a focused study of the subject's CES1 gene. DNA sequencing detected two coding region single-nucleotide mutations located in exons 4 and 6. The mutation in exon 4 is located in codon 143 and leads to a nonconservative substitution, p.Gly143Glu. A deletion in exon 6 at codon 260 results in a frameshift mutation, p.Asp260fs, altering residues 260–299 before truncating at a premature stop codon. The minor allele frequency of p.Gly143Glu was determined to be 3.7%, 4.3%, 2.0%, and 0% in white, black, Hispanic, and Asian populations, respectively. Of 925 individual DNA samples examined, none carried the p.Asp260fs, indicating it is an extremely rare mutation. In vitro functional studies demonstrated the catalytic functions of both p.Gly143Glu and p.Asp260fs are substantially impaired, resulting in a complete loss of hydrolytic activity toward methylphenidate. When a more sensitive esterase substrate, p-nitrophenyl acetate was utilized, only 21.4% and 0.6% catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km) were determined in p.Gly143Glu and p.Asp260fs, respectively, compared to the wild-type enzyme. These findings indicate that specific CES1 gene variants can lead to clinically significant alterations in pharmacokinetics and drug response of carboxylesterase 1 substrates.
Factor Analysis of Instructor Ratings In a Novel Instructional Format

Two different teacher rating scales appear to be useful and interpretable regardless of the instructional model