cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
(Demo) Boléro: Enabling Policy Innovation in Interdomain Routing

BGP is known to restrict policy expressiveness and induce monolithic policies with uncontrolled interactions among ASes that are hard to understand, reuse, and evolve. We argue that the use of a path vector system as the carrier of interdomain policy is the root causes of these limitations. To this end, we propose an alternative policy scheme built in a software-defined controller to decouple policy making from the path vector system. This new software-defined scheme creates new space for policy language, route decision, and conflict resolution design, towards flexible policies, cleaner policy enforcement, and controlled policy interaction. In this demonstration, we showcase bolero, a realization of our vision via the use of data integrity constraints --- logical statements about what are the acceptable network states --- for representing and reasoning about AS policies, addressing unique challenges in the decentralized interdomain environment.
Magnetic resonance neurography of traumatic pediatric peripheral nerve injury: beyond birth-related brachial palsy

Traumatic peripheral nerve injury occurs more frequently in the pediatric population than previously recognized. High-resolution magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the form of MR neurography can serve as a powerful noninvasive tool for detecting and characterizing peripheral nerve injury in children. In this review article we briefly discuss optimal methods of MR neurography image acquisition, highlighting core MR sequences necessary to characterize peripheral nerve injury. In addition, we illustrate the MR neurography appearance of normal and abnormal peripheral nerves in children, with emphasis on commonly used Seddon and Sunderland classification schemes to characterize peripheral nerve injury severity. The primary and secondary features associated with peripheral nerve injury including skeletal muscle denervation are reviewed in addition to key distinctive features that can impact operative versus nonoperative management of children. We include a checklist approach to interpreting MR neurography for the assessment of peripheral nerve injury.
An Ecological Model for Conceptual Competence in Psychiatric Diagnosis

Psychiatric diagnosis has come under intense scrutiny in the wake of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders–Fifth edition. These ongoing debates have highlighted the potential im...
The ventromedial hypothalamic circuitry and male alloparental behaviour in a socially monogamous rodent species

As prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) display spontaneous biparental care, and the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) has been implicated in reproductive behaviour, we conducted experiments to test the hypothesis that the VMH neurochemical circuitry is involved in alloparental behaviours in male prairie voles. We compared alloparental behaviours of adult, sexually naive male and female voles-both displayed licking/grooming, huddling and retrieving behaviours towards conspecific pups. We also stained for the immediate-early gene encoded early growth protein Egr-1 in the vole brain. The pup-exposed animals showed levels of Egr-1 staining that was higher in the VMH but lower in the amygdala compared to animals exposed to a pup-sized piece of plastic (control). A retrograde tracer, Fluoro-Gold (FG), was injected into the VMH of male voles that were subsequently tested in the pup exposure or control condition. More FG/Egr-1 cells were detected for glutamatergic (GLU) staining in the ventral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNSTv) and medial amygdala (MeA), whereas less FG/Egr-1 cells were stained for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the MeA of the pup-exposed group compared to the control group. Further, the ratio of GLU:GABA expression in FG/Egr-1 projection neurons from both the BNSTv and MeA to the VMH was increased following pup exposure. Finally, pharmacological blockade of either dopamine D1 receptor or oxytocin receptor in the VMH impaired the onset of male alloparental behaviour. Together, these data suggest that the VMH may be involved in the onset of alloparental care and play a role in regulating social approach in male prairie voles.
Non-microtia Ear Reconstruction

Reconstruction of acquired total ear defects is a very challenging task to undergo given the complex three-dimensional architecture and cosmetic expectations of patients. Patients with an acquired absence of their ear differ from patients with congenital microtia in several ways. Although the reconstructive principles remain similar, auricular reconstruction for acquired defects differs from microtia reconstruction.
A Genealogy of Critical Race and Digital Studies: Past, Present, and Future:

The interplay between race and technology has captured the attention of scholars in sociology, communication, media studies, and beyond. Previous research has focused on a range of topics including...
Blind Calibration of Phase Drift in Millimeter-Wave Channel Sounders

Millimeter-wave channel sounders are much more sensitive to phase drift than their microwave counterparts by virtue of shorter wavelength. This matters when coherently combining untethered channel measurements - scanned over multiple antennas either electronically or mechanically in seconds, minutes, or even hours - to obtain directional information. To eliminate phase drift, a synchronization cable between the transmitter and receiver is required, limiting deployment range and flexibility indoors, and precluding most outdoor and mobile scenarios. Instead, we propose a blind technique to calibrate for phase drift by post-processing the channel measurements; the technique is referred to as blind because it requires no reference signal and, as such, works even in non-line-of-sight conditions when the (reference) direct path goes undetected. To substantiate the technique, it was tested on real measurements collected with our 60 GHz virtual phased-array channel sounder, as well as through simulation. The technique was demonstrated robust enough to deal with the most severe case of phase drift (uniformly distributed phase) and in non-line-of-sight conditions.
Using SNAP-tag for facile construction of dye-based biosensors in living cells

Abstract Fluorescent biosensors based on environment-sensitive dyes have important advantages over alternative methodologies such as FRET, including the potential for enhanced brightness, elimination of bleaching artifacts, and more possibilities for multiplexing. However, such biosensors have been difficult to use because they required proteins to be covalently labeled and reintroduced into cells. Recent development of self-labeling enzymes that covalently react with membrane-permeable dyes (e.g. SNAP-tag) provide an opportunity to easily generate dye-based biosensors within cells. Here, we generate a new biosensor for Cdc42 activation by positioning SNAP-tag between Cdc42 and a peptide that binds selectively to active Cdc42. We generate a membrane-permeable Nile Red derivative that exhibits 50-fold fluorescence enhancement upon covalent labeling of the biosensor, then optimize the biosensor so the dye undergoes a 20 nm emission shift upon Cdc42 activation, enabling ratiometric imaging with a single dye. The biosensor, named SNAPsense Cdc42, is validated by examining its response to known regulatory proteins and studying Cdc42 activation during protrusion in living cells. Variants using other dyes are also presented.
Promoting Proactive Auditing Behaviors

We introduce the construct of auditor proactivity to the accounting literature. Since auditors work in complex, dynamic environments where complete directives are often unavailable, auditors need to be proactive to achieve quality audit outcomes. However, proactivity is often lacking in practice. Thus, we position auditor proactivity as a valuable but scarce determinant of audit quality. Drawing on theory from management, accounting, and psychology, we test hypotheses about how environmental and dispositional factors interact to encourage proactive auditing behaviors. Using an experiment, we find that auditors are more proactive when they have both higher autonomy and higher tacit knowledge compared to when either or both of these factors are absent. Our theory and findings inform academics, regulators, and practitioners about how work environments and policies could be modified to promote proactive auditing behaviors.
Closing out twenty-twenty on a positive note

As we come to the end of a tumultuous 2020, it is a pleasure to be able end on an upbeat note and report some of the positive things that have happened this year for the Journal of Responsible Inno...
Roman CGI testbed HOWFSC modeling and validation

Optical diffraction and wavefront sensing and control (WFSC) models validated against the high-fidelity Roman Space Telescope Coronagraph Instrument (CGI) testbed play a key role in mask design selection and the verification of many requirements that cannot be accomplished until the observatory is in orbit. We have been steadily improving our model fidelity for the as-built CGI testbed system. We demonstrate recently good agreement between measurements and model predictions while validating the Hybrid Lyot Coronagraph’s (HLC) performance using the in-orbit high order wavefront sensing and control (HOWFSC) operational scenario. We present modeling and testbed validation results that explain the reason why many testbed WFSC iterations were needed for HLC in the past. A new, direct application of model-generated initial deformable mirror (DM) voltage pattern has since been successfully demonstrated on the testbed with significant speed and performance improvement. This opens up new model-based initial DM pattern WFSC approaches for CGI. This can greatly reduce flight risk from potentially insufficient ground DM pattern generation due to schedule or cost constraints or from unexpected post-delivery changes. This work was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under contract to NASA.
New areas of research in marketing strategy, consumer behavior, and marketing analytics: the future is bright

In the last fifty years, marketing theory and practice has made significant advances toward becoming more scientific and rigorous. This paper reviews significant past developments in marketing stra...
Infectious Pseudoaneurysm of the Internal Carotid Artery in a Child Secondary to Parapharyngeal Abscess.

Infectious pseudoaneurysm is a rare condition characterized by arterial wall dilation, usually due to an adjacent infectious focus. We present an 8-year-old male with a 3-day history of progressive...
Moving urologic disparities research from evidence synthesis to translational research: a dynamic, multidisciplinary approach to tackling inequalities in urology.

Abstract Disparities in urology are well-documented but less is known about the role of translational research within existing interventional models to address inequalities. In this narrative review, we utilize an accepted framework of the process of translational research in mitigating disparities to investigate current translational and interventional urologic programs that bridge the gap. Three established, disparity-focused urologic interventional programs were identified and are highlighted in depth. Finally, we extrapolate from these findings to provide 10 policy relevant implications to help move urologic disparities research from evidence synthesis to translational research.
Disparities in government and nonprofit organization funding may hinder clinical trial development for underfunded cancers.

1573Background: National Cancer Institute (NCI) and nonprofit organization (NPO) funding is critical for research and advocacy, but may not be equitable across cancers. This could negatively impact...
Necropsy Procedure for Cattle

The key to disease control is the diagnosis. While history and clinical signs, possibly supplemented by laboratory tests, may lead to the diagnosis, it is often only the post mortem examination which can determine the nature of an animal's disease. Necropsies should therefore be regarded as standard diagnostic procedure, particularly in the case of herd problems. A skillfully conducted and intelligently interpreted post mortem examination will always give the stock owner a surprisingly high degree of satisfaction and will greatly enhance his confidence in the veterinarian. The performance of a necropsy is both a science and an art. As a science, it requires a thorough knowledge of general and special pathology of organs and organ systems. It assumes a familiarity with the infections, metabolic and parasitic diseases of different species. It demands the ability to recognize normal and pathological tissues with or without post mortem changes. As an art, it requires facility in standardized necropsy procedure to effectively illuminate pathological conditions so they may be studied accurately. It necessitates a concern for precision, neatness, and thoroughness so that a complete diagnosis can follow. The necropsy examination looks easy when one watches an experienced prospector at work. Familiarity and repeated use of a procedure increases proficiency and dispels the useless pulling, cutting, and destruction of lesions which greatly reduce the possibility of arriving at a diagnosis. The veterinarian who learns and adheres to a definite necropsy protocol will be uniform, rapid, systematic, and complete. Completeness facilitates diagnosis, or problem solving of cases, and is the key to consistent interpretation of lesions. Following a standard protocol assures that each organ system will be grossly observed in turn. Short cuts lead to a lack of thoroughness and a consequent missed diagnosis, or no diagnosis at all.
Surpassing the Stiffness-Extensibility Trade-Off of Elastomers via Mastering the Hydrogen-Bonding Clusters

The current paradigm of elastomer design typically falls into the trade-off between stiffness and extensibility, which are the two key contributors to their overall mechanical performance. With a few reports on circumventing this trade-off behavior, e.g. increasing Young’s modulus without sacrificing extensibility, the design principles to achieve improvements in both stiffness and extensibility have rarely been demonstrated. Herein, with a model system, i.e., crosslinked polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) network, we demonstrate two approaches that can surpass the stiffness-extensibility trade-off and provide significant improvement in both parameters. Such an achievement is realized by introducing rationally arranged hydrogen-bonding units, i.e., ureidopyrimidone (UPy), leading to simultaneously improved Young’s modulus and extensibility up to 158 and 3 times, respectively. Based on the experimental results, we also propose a microscopic picture of network rearrangement during the stretching process. Moreover, using this picture we further improved Young’s modulus of the elastic network without affecting its extensibility through mastering the distribution of UPy clusters. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and neutron scattering (SANS) were also performed to reveal the relationship between the UPy distribution and the morphology/UPy cluster of the elastomers.
Spectral resolution in conjunction with polar plots improves the accuracy and reliability of FLIM measurements and estimates of FRET efficiency.

A spectrograph with continuous wavelength resolution has been integrated into a frequency-domain fluorescence lifetime-resolved imaging microscope (FLIM). The spectral information assists in the separation of multiple lifetime components, and helps resolve signal cross-talking that can interfere with an accurate analysis of multiple lifetime processes. This extends the number of different dyes that can be measured simultaneously in a FLIM measurement. Spectrally resolved FLIM (spectral-FLIM) also provides a means to measure more accurately the lifetime of a dim fluorescence component (as low as 2% of the total intensity) in the presence of another fluorescence component with a much higher intensity. A more reliable separation of the donor and acceptor fluorescence signals are possible for Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) measurements; this allows more accurate determinations of both donor and acceptor lifetimes. By combining the polar plot analysis with spectral-FLIM data, the spectral dispersion of the acceptor signal can be used to derive the donor lifetime - and thereby the FRET efficiency - without iterative fitting. The lifetime relation between the donor and acceptor, in conjunction with spectral dispersion, is also used to separate the FRET pair signals from the donor alone signal. This method can be applied further to quantify the signals from separate FRET pairs, and provide information on the dynamics of the FRET pair between different states.
Finite element method applied to shielding performance of enclosures

The shielding effectiveness of enclosures is predicted by means of a computer simulation based on the finite-element technique. To characterize shielding performance, possible sources of electromagnetic interference (EMI), such as radiated EMI, conducted EMI, grounding, electrostatic discharge and environmental effects, along with their corresponding distances (near- or far-field) to the equipment under test (EUT), are examined. The analysis considers only the penetration of the magnetic field through the walls and apertures, since the electric field attenuation is high when a good conducting material is used for the shield. A finite-element method that is based on a magnetic vector-potential formulation is used; it can be applied to calculate the shielding effectiveness of any arbitrary selected enclosure. The ultimate purpose of this CAD tool is to establish guidelines regarding aperture spacing on the enclosure and to identify regions of high field intensity that must be avoided by designers when locating sensitive circuits. >
Finite element modeling of brain tumor mass-effect from 3d medical images

Motivated by the need for methods to aid the deformable registration of brain tumor images, we present a three-dimensional (3D) mechanical model for simulating large non-linear deformations induced by tumors to the surrounding encephalic tissues. The model is initialized with 3D radiological images and is implemented using the finite element (FE) method. To simulate the widely varying behavior of brain tumors, the model is controlled by a number of parameters that are related to variables such as the bulk tumor location, size, mass-effect, and peri-tumor edema extent. Model predictions are compared to real brain tumor-induced deformations observed in serial-time MRI scans of a human subject and 3 canines with surgically transplanted gliomas. Results indicate that the model can reproduce the real deformations with an accuracy that is similar to that of manual placement of landmark points to which the model is compared.
Prediction of Vortex Breakdown Location on a Banked Delta Wing

2Lijewski, L. E., and Suhs, N., “Time-Accurate Computational Fluid Dynamics Approach to Transonic Store Separation Trajectory Prediction,” Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 31, No. 4, 1994, pp. 886–891. 3Hall, L. H., Mitchell, C. R., and Parthasarathy, V., “An Unsteady Simulation Technique for Missile Guidance and Control Applications,” AIAA Paper 97-0636, Jan. 1997. 4Schindel, L. H., “Store Separation,” AGARD-AG-202, June 1975. 5Arnold, R. J., and Epstein, C. S., “Store Separation Flight Testing,” AGARD Flight Test Techniques Series, edited by R. K. Bogue, AGARDAG-300,Vol. 5, ArnoldEngineeringDevelopmentCenter, ArnoldAFB, TN, April 1986, pp. 14–16. 6Heim, E., “CFD Wing/Pylon/Finned-Store Mutual Interference Wind TunnelExperiment,”ArnoldEngineeringDevelopmentCenterAEDC-TSR91-P4, Arnold AFB, TN, Jan. 1991. 7Jordon, J. K., “Computational Investigation of Predicted Store Loads in Mutual Interference Flow Fields,” AIAA Paper 92-4570,Aug. 1992. 8Kiber, G. M., “An Analysis to Determine the Amount of Wind Tunnel Grid Data Required to Provide Acceptable Trajectory Simulation Accuracy at Minimum Cost,” ARO Inc., Arnold Engineering Development Center, AEDC-TMR-80-G41, Arnold AFB, TN, Dec. 1980. 9Strash, D. J., and Tidd, D. M., “MGAERO—Users’ Manual,”Analytical Methods, Inc., Redmond,WA, June 1998. 10Vukelich, S. R., Stoy,S. L., and Bruns,K. A., “Missile Datcom. Vol. I— Final Report,” Air Force FlightDynamics Lab., AFWAL-TR-86-3091,Dec. 1988. 11“Simulink User’s Guide,” The MathWorks, Inc., Ver. 1.3, Natick, MA, 1993.
A serological test for leprosy with a glycolipid specific for Mycobacterium leprae

A phenolic glycolipid from Mycobacterium leprae was purified and used as antigen in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Antibodies directed against the lipid were seen in serums from leprosy patients but not in serums from uninfected controls or patients infected with other mycobacteria, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The antibody response distinguished between the Mycobacterium leprae lipid and the structurally related phenolic glycolipid from Mycobacterium kansasii. This assay has considerable potential as a specific serodiagnostic test for leprosy infection.
Shared perceptions: black officers discuss continuing barriers in policing

Informed by the experiential‐racism theoretical approach, which maintains that racism must be analyzed as a process that is manifested in multiple relations and situations in everyday life, interviews with 50 male and female black police officers in a southern state are drawn upon to analyze the impact race has on policing. Accounts demonstrate in considerable detail a shared perception of the continuing attitudinal and institutional dimensions of racism that impedes full participation in law enforcement agencies. Training, evaluation, discipline, assignment and promotion are discussed as processes within police agencies felt to be impacted by race. The conclusion is promoted that racism is persistent in agencies to the extent that white officers disproportionately occupy positions of authority with unfettered subjective discretion and to the extent there are few black officers relative to white officers. As an exploratory examination of the shared experiences and perceptions of black officers, findings should be further tested empirically.
Analytic procedures for optimizing engineering task integration topologies

Abstract Decision making, control and information processing for large scale systems are designed and implemented in a distributed manner. Decision integration is a method to improve the quality of decision making. This research effort builds on previous results in attempting to establish the theoretical foundation of operational decision integration for such systems. Properly designed integration always improves the quality of the decisions; this is demonstrated through the use of a distributed hypothesis testing model. The problem of organizing decision making agents into architectures of integration is addressed by analyzing several elementary decision architectures for organizations, and comparing their performance. Explicit algorithmic procedures are developed to determine the optimal decision integration methods for a variety of organizations. Five motivating examples are presented to explicitly demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithms. These procedures constitute the. fundamental building blocks for analyzing the architectures of larger more realistic systems.
On the Design of Efficient Multi-Coil Telemetry System for Biomedical Implants

Two-coil based inductive coupling is a commonly used technique for wireless power and data transfer for biomedical implants. Because the source and load resistances are finite, two-coil systems generally achieve a relatively low power transfer efficiency. A novel multi-coil technique (using more than two coils) for wireless power and data transfer is considered to help overcoming this limitation. The proposed multi-coil system is formulated using both network theory and a two-port model. Using three or four coils for the wireless link allows for the source and load resistances to be decoupled from the Q-factor of the coils, resulting in a higher Q -factor and a corresponding improved power transfer efficiency (PTE). Moreover, due to the strong coupling between the driver and the transmitter coil (and/or between the receiver and the load coil), the multi-coil system achieves higher tunable frequency bandwidth as compared to its same sized two-coil equivalent. Because of the wider range of reflected impedance in the multi-coil system case, it is easier to tune the output power to the load and achieve the maximum power transfer condition for given source voltage than in a configuration with two coils. Experimental results showing a three-coil system achieving twice the efficiency and higher gain-bandwidth product compared to its two-coil counterpart are presented. In addition, a figure of merit for telemetry systems is defined to quantify the overall telemetry system performance.
Gender, sexual violence and justice in war-torn societies

Despite a growing awareness among scholars and policymakers of the role that gender plays in mobilising war crimes and human rights abuses and the need for attention to gender in the aftermath of violent conflicts, the international community has not yet paid sufficient attention to gender in the construction of mechanisms intended to promote justice in war-torn societies. Similarly, scholars have neglected gender as an explanatory concept in their analyses of efforts to promote ‘post-conflict justice’. In an effort to address this void, this paper examines the limitations of prevailing approaches to justice in war-torn societies due to their failure to adequately consider the role of gender norms as a constraint on participation in the dominant mechanisms for pursuing ‘post-conflict justice’. It also considers how mechanisms intended to promote justice in war-torn societies might be most appropriately constructed in an effort to bring justice to all victims of wartime violence.
Haymarket, Henry George, and the Labor Upsurge in Britain and America during the Late 1880s

At least one excellent new book has been published to mark the centenary of the Haymarket riot of May 4, 1886, which resulted in the death of eight policemen and the wounding of many others, and the arrest and conviction of eight anarchists in one of the worst miscarriages of justice in American history.Paul Avrich's recent work represents a major advance over the only other previous book-length assessment, whichwas written by Henry David fifty years ago, and was based almost entirely on secondary sources. Avrich's meticulous account confirms that it was the Chicago police who precipitated the violence at the meeting, which had been called to protest the fatal shooting of several strikers at the McCormick Harvester factory the previous day.
The pathogenesis of cigarette addiction

Abstract The lack of case studies of people addicted to cigarette smoking is conspicuous and is undoubtedly related to the generally ineffective treatment approaches. In exploring the pathogenesis of the smoking habit, the pharmacogenic effects of nicotine appear to be amazingly utilitarian in fulfilling the psychological needs of the smoker. The step by-step process in which this is accomplished with the resultant addictive binding of the smoker to his cigarettes is detailed. Five cases of addiction to cigarettes are described and the psychopathology elucidated. Finally, difficulties encountered in treating these cases, and dangers involved in the giving up of a much-needed defense are discussed.
An extension to the Feynman method of detecting fission neutrons

Abstract The Feynman method of analyzing a neutron flux has been widely used to characterize systems in which fission neutrons are present. John T. Caldwell of the Advanced Nuclear Technology group of the Los Alamos National Laboratory proposes a variation of this technique in which each sample gate is initiated by a neutron count. We compared the two methods for a few specific cases and find the second method markedly superior. Moreover, it is possible to combine the two methods and obtain information about a single chains that is not available when either method is used along. For example, the combined methods permit us, without knowing the counter efficiency, to estimate the fraction of fission neutrons in an unknown neutron flux.
Effects of Yeast on Automated Cell Counting

We studied the effects of yeast in peripheral blood samples on results reported by an ADVIA 120/2120 Hematology System (Bayer HealthCare, Diagnostics Division, Tarrytown, NY). In a simulated candidemia model, very high concentrations (1-5 x 10 8 colony-forming units [CFU]/mL) of Candida glabrata and Candida parapsilosis caused a spuriously elevated platelet count. No such effect was observed with Candida albicans. All 3 yeast species, when present at a concentration of 1-5 x 10 6 CFU/mL or greater, increased the automated WBC counts significantly and in a dose-dependent manner. The yeast cells were mainly misidentified as lymphocytes. All spurious results were flagged by the cell counter for microscopic review. We conclude that although the presence of yeast in a blood sample can interfere with the ADVIA 120/2120 Hematology System, compromised results are appropriately flagged by the instrument and are seen only when the yeast concentration is very high.
A Multiaxis Force Sensor for the Study of Insect Biomechanics

Insects run with far greater speed and agility for their size than even the most advanced legged robots produced to date. The single-leg ground reaction forces of running insects such as the cockroach B. discoidalis provide valuable insight into the biomechanical basis for this rapid robust locomotion. To better study the running kinematics and biomechanics of these insects, a multiaxis silicon micromachined force sensor has been fabricated. The sensor consists of a 5.3-mm square plate that is supported at its corners by thin springlike beam elements. Each flexure beam is instrumented with two piezoresistive strain gauges, allowing the determination of both normal and in- plane bending force components. Typical unamplifled normal and in-plane flexure force sensitivities of 55 and 12 V/N, respectively, have been demonstrated for a sensor with 18-mum-thick flexures and a mechanical bandwidth of 1.3 kHz. Nominal normal force resolution is 2.2 nN/Hz1/2 at 1 kHz. This paper details the design, fabrication, calibration, performance, and analytical modeling of the first-generation micromachined ground reaction force sensor. Preliminary data obtained from running cockroaches show that this sensor represents a marked improvement in performance over the techniques previously available for studying small-animal biomechanics.
Vocal communication as a function of differential rearing experiences in Pan paniscus: A preliminary report

There is little evidence of vocal learning in nonhuman primates despite the well-documented abilities found in avian species. We describe the vocal repertoire of five bonobos (Pan paniscus), four of which live in a seminatural environment. The fifth subject, Kanzi, has been reared with humans during the course of language training. The data indicated that the four bonobos living in a seminatural environment exhibit a variety of species-typical vocalizations. In addition to producing all the species-typical vocalization, Kanzi produced four structurally unique vocalizations that were not heard among the other subjects. These data suggest that Kanzi has learned vocalizations that are novel due to his unique rearing experience. Discussion is focused on the flexibility of vocal communication and vocal comprehension inPan paniscus.
Impact of Ultrasonic Energy on the Crystallization of Dextrose Monohydrate

In this paper, we investigate the potential of ultrasonic energy in assisting the crystallization of dextrose monohydrate, which is primarily manufactured via slow cool batch, lasting 48 h (0.5 °C/h), seeded crystallization; this cooling curve is designed to optimize the crystal growth and give rise to relatively large dextrose crystals. This study was interested in the impact of ultrasound on the nucleation, crystal breakage/size distribution, and rate of growth of the dextrose, while producing a product of the desired crystal size distribution. Experimental results show that ultrasonic energy can be used to induce nucleation and increase the overall mass rate of crystal growth while producing product with the desired crystal size distribution.
Luther's Antisemitism in Historical Context: A Necessary Discussion for Christian Educators

Martin Luther remains a complex, contradictory figure whose impact on modern Western history cannot be overstated. Among the most controversial aspects of Luther's work is his ambivalent perspective of the Jews. The early Luther viewed the Jews warmly, depicting them as Christianity's historical and religious ancestors. Later, however, he unleashed vitriolic antisemitic statements that called for the isolation and eventual exclusion of the Jews from German society. This paper sets Luther's antisemitism in historical context, proposing that educators in Christian settings should include the study of this aspect of Luther's work as they present curricula in various courses of study.
23. IN VIVO AND IN VITRO RESPONSE TO LACTOSE (L) BY THE FLORA OF BREAST-(BR) AND BOTTLE-FED (BO) INFANTS

23. IN VIVO AND IN VITRO RESPONSE TO LACTOSE (L) BY THE FLORA OF BREAST-(BR) AND BOTTLE-FED (BO) INFANTS
An Alternative Outpatient Scheduling System: Improving The Outpatient Experience

Patient wait time has long been a recognized problem in modern outpatient health care delivery systems. Despite all the efforts to develop appointment rules and solutions, the problem of long patient waits persists. Regardless of the reasons for this problem, the fact remains that there are few implemented models for effective scheduling that consider patient wait times as well as physician idle time and are generalized sufficiently to accommodate a variety of outpatient clinic settings. This paper presents a solution of designing appointment slots for scheduling appointments in outpatient facilities that both patient wait time and physician idle time meet the declared scheduling policies without overbooking and double-booking. Furthermore, this paper provides the implementation results from three case studies to support the approach. The results confirm that the system can effectively reduce patient wait time as much as 56% without significantly increasing physician idle time per patient and still allow ...
Passive control methods for seismic response modification

Passive energy dissipation devices have been successfully implemented in buildings around the world to reduce structural response, primarily due to earthquakes, but also for wind and other dynamic loading conditions. The basic objective in using passive energy dissipation devices is to try to concentrate as much of the energy dissipation as possible into specially designed devices, rather than to allow it to develop in the primary structural elements, and thereby to reduce damage in the main structure. Passive approaches differ from active ones in that they do not require any external sources of power to operate, and this is particularly useful in situations such as earthquakes where power is likely to be interrupted when it is most needed. The focus of this paper is a review of passive energy dissipation devices for seismic response modification applications. Past developments and contemporary examples of metallic hysteresis, friction and viscoelastic devices suitable for building applications are included in the first part of the paper. Current design guidelines based on both linear and nonlinear procedures are summarized next. Finally, three recent applications of metallic hysteretic damping devices are described. The first two examples present the use of metallic damping devices as cladding connections, while the third example shows an application of metallic devices in a relatively stiff, unreinforced masonry building. These examples show the potential versatility of passive energy dissipation devices and illustrate some of the analysis methods that might be used.
Self-perception: The dependent variable of human performance

Abstract The assumption is often made that attitudes and beliefs cause the behaviors with which they are associated. Recent research indicates, however, that the direction of causality may be reversed: The self-descriptive statements that typically comprise the operational definitions of “beliefs” and “attitudes” are found to be the dependent variables of the relationship and are under the partial functional control of the behaviors that precede them. The present analysis inquires into the ontogenetic origins of such self-descriptive statements and provides an interpretation of two recently reported phenomena displaying the beliefs-following-behavior sequence: the “cognitive enhancement” of a dull task and the re-evaluation of alternatives following choice. The methodological use of self-descriptive data by social psychologists is also discussed.
The effect of molecular weight on frictional coefficients of poly-α-methylstyrene

The frictional coefficients. [f] of a wide range of poly-α-methylstyrene samples ranging in molecular weight from dimer to polymers of M ∼ 106 have been measured in a good solvent (toluene) and under θ conditions (cyclohexane, 37°C). All products were prepared anionically, and the very low molecular weight samples were initiated with phenyl-isopropyl potassium to ensure that the end-groups were not significantly different from the polymer chain. [f] was measured using both diffusion and sedimentation techniques. At molecular weights below ∼ 104, [f] is independent of solvent and proportional to M0.5 to quite low molecular weight. Divergences only occur at the very lowest part of the range. Above M∼ 104, [f] continues to be proportional to M0.5 in cyclohexane as expected, but the values in toluene become greater because of greater chain expansion in the better solvent. The results are discussed in terms of current theories of conformations of polymers in solution and its effect on flow properties.
Management: Technology, Innovation, and Engineering

The article reviews the book “Management: Technology, Innovation, and Engineering,” by Stephen E. Stephanou.
The Role of Nondeclarative Memory Systems in the Inference of Long-Term Population Continuity

Recent theoretical work on the transmission of cultural behavior has focused on how and why information is transmitted. Less work has been done on the particular behaviors being transmitted. Here, I argue that the kind of behavior being transmitted can have a greater effect on the conservation of behavior than how or why the behavior was transmitted. Specifically, behaviors such as motor skills and habits, which are stored in nondeclarative memory, are more likely to be conservatively maintained over longer periods of time than declarative memories, which include easily changeable ideas and plans. Thus, behaviors, as manifested in artifact traits, are more or less likely to be maintained over time depending on where in the memory systems they are remembered. In sum, not all artifact traits have equivalent value when interpreting the spatial and temporal distribution of artifact traits.
Lifetime Improvements of Heavy Ion Source Cathodes

The cathode lifetime for a cold cathode Penning heavy ion source has been increased to = 24 hrs. (a factor of 7 increase) by the use of hafnium cathodes when accelerating a carbon beam on the Michigan State University cyclotron. Compared to tantalum, the hafnium cathodes are operated at reduced power (? 2 kW) to avoid melting them. Thus, while the carbon beam intensity achieved with Ta cathodes is 3 to 10 times higher than that from the Hf cathodes, this is no advantage for experiments which need low beam currents (e. g. due to count rate limitations). For injection into a K=800 cyclotron the higher intensity for lower charge states from a lower power source is expected to favor Hf cathodes. Lowering the arc power for Ta cathodes, thus reducing beam intensity, does not substantially lengthen cathode lifetime. Source feed gas composition strongly influences Hf cathode performance. Extended lifetimes were achieved with CO while Ne gas resulted in very short lifetimes, suggesting the difference may be due to a chemical reaction between the Hf cathodes and an element in the feed gas.
Absolute timing of mental activities

A new tool that may measure certain absolute temporal properties of information processing in intact organisms is suggested by. investigations of temporal summation in single nerve cells. Two findings have led to this suggestion: One, the form of the temporal summation function (relating the intensity and duration required to evoke a criterion neural signal) depends on the analysis used by the investigator. Corresponding form variations occur in behavioral studies when the observer's task is varied. Two, the critical durations of fixed neural signals depend on the latency of the feature of the signal chosen as criterion; early features yield short critical durations and vice versa. The critical duration also varies in behavioral studies if one varies the observer's task, keeping the stimulus ensemble fixed.These data lead to two inferences: One, the form of a behavioral temporal-summation function expresses the kind of hidden mental analysis mediating that behavior. Two, a behavioral critical duration is an indicator of the absolute timing of the hidden mental analysis mediating that behavior.
Analytical modelling of retrograde transport of nerve growth factors in an axon: a transient problem

The purpose of this paper was to develop an analytical solution describing retrograde transport of nerve growth factors (NGFs) from a target tissue to the neuron soma. The obtained solution is applied to describe two situations: (1) when all dynein motors are moving at a constant velocity and (2) when the dynein velocity distribution is described by a probability density function. The dynamics of NGF concentrations and fluxes is investigated. It is established that the magnitude of the diffusion flux forms a wave localised in space and propagating towards the neuron soma; the magnitude of this wave decreases as the wave propagates downstream. The dynein-driven flux of NGFs is demonstrated to be the main component in the NGF flux, which is shown to be strongly correlated with the NGF concentration.
Computational platform for the integrated life-cycle management of highway bridges

Abstract Throughout their service life, highway bridges are subject to progressive deterioration in performance; an issue that may render the use of these facilities unsafe at some point in time. Over the last few decades, there has been successful research towards developing procedures for establishing the various vital elements required in the life-cycle management of civil infrastructure. It is noted, however, that frameworks for integrating these elements together are lacking. The objective of this paper is to present an integrated framework for the life-cycle management of highway bridges in the form of a detailed computational platform. The elements integrated into the framework include the advanced assessment of life-cycle performance, analysis of system and component performance interaction, advanced maintenance optimization, and updating the life-cycle performance by information obtained from structural health monitoring and controlled testing.
Pure fibroma of the mesentery.

Abstract 1. 1. A case of pure fibroma of the mesentery is reported and the clinical features of the tumor discussed. 2. 2. Primary tumor of the mesentery should be suspected in a relatively asymptomatic patient who presents with a large, freely movable abdominal mass that by roentgenography is shown to be extrinsic to the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts. 3. 3. A prominent feature of benign primary solid mesenteric tumors is that they can be moved easily from side to side but not in an upward or downward direction. 4. 4. Although histologically benign, fibroma of the mesentery may invade the wall of the adjacent intestine and local recurrence can occur after incomplete excision. Malignant degeneration, although exceedingly rare, has been reported. 5. 5. Because of the unpredictability of the lesion, the recommended treatment of mesenteric fibromas is wide excision of the tumor, usually together with the adjacent intestine.
Codes from cubic residues

Following previous work on the construction of codes from cubic residues, we outline a general method for the construction of BBH (Bell-Brauer-Hadamard) matrices.
Nonparametric estimation of ruin probabilities given a random sample of claims

In this paper the well-known insurance ruin problem is reconsidered. The ruin probability is estimated in the case of an unknown claims density, assuming a sample of claims is given. An important step in the construction of the estimator is the application of a regularized version of the inverse of the Laplace transform. A rate of convergence in probability for the integrated squared error (ISE) is derived and a simulation study is included.
Student consultants need mentors, too

How can a User Services group provide an adequate degree of consulting support for users when the department is heavily dependent on part-time student staff? An idea borrowed from business concepts provides a highly satisfactory, workable solution. The idea is that if student staff members have mentors, they can be better prepared for their jobs in less time and even learn to handle increased responsibilities. This approach to training student consultant staff has been in practice at Indiana State University since the fall of 1982.
Domain invariant speech features using a new divergence measure

Existing speech classification algorithms often perform well when evaluated on training and test data drawn from the same distribution. In practice, however, these distributions are not always the same. In these circumstances, the performance of trained models will likely decrease. In this paper, we discuss an underutilized divergence measure and derive an estimable upper bound on the test error rate that depends on the error rate on the training data and the distance between training and test distributions. Using this bound as motivation, we develop a feature learning algorithm that aims to identify invariant speech features that generalize well to data similar to, but different from, the training set. Comparative results confirm the efficacy of the algorithm on a set of cross-domain speech classification tasks.
The effects of a diet rich in fish oil on human neutrophils: identification of leukotriene B5 as a metabolite.

Abstract Diets that are enriched with fish oil have been shown to alter arachidonic acid metabolism via the cyclooxygenase pathway. Recently it has been shown that one of the major component fatty acids of fish oil, eicosapentaenoate (EPA), is a substrate for the leukotriene B (LTB) pathway when added exogenously to human neutrophils in vitro . We fed a diet that contained 8–10 gm/day of EPA to four human subjects for three weeks and compared the arachidonate metabolism of their neutrophils to the same functions while the subjects were on their usual diet. The fish oil-supplementation increased neutrophil EPA content from undetectable levels to 7.4 ± 2.4% (p
Separation of immunologically active fragments by membrane partition chromatography

Abstract A system has been described for the separation of the partially degraded products of an immunoreactive preparation using acrylamide-entrapped enzyme, and a tandem series of ultrafiltration cells, each equipped with a different molecular size retentive filter. This technique of digestion with concomitant ultrafiltration affords a means of readily obtaining immunologically reactive fragments of intermediate size. Verification of the changes in antigenicity was obtained by immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis of the membrane-separated components of the enzyme-degraded mixture.