cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Molecular dynamics simulations of DNA-inspired macromolecules from perylenediimide base surrogates

Abstract Perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic diimides (PTCDIs) have been extensively studied for organic electronics applications. Additionally, PTCDI-based supramolecular architectures have been used as platforms for the investigation of various charge transfer/transport phenomena. For these systems, the study of their structural characteristics and self-assembly behavior with molecular dynamics simulations has remained relatively limited. Herein, we describe a detailed molecular dynamics investigation of the intramolecular self-assembly of DNA-inspired columnar macromolecules, which consist of multiple hexaethyleneglycol-substituted PTCDIs that are covalently appended to a phosphoalkane backbone. By evaluating relevant geometric and energetic parameters obtained from our simulations, we determine the factors underpinning the dynamics of PTCDI stacking for our constructs. Our findings may shed insight into the structure of biomimetic one-dimensional molecular wires from PTCDIs and other related materials.
Punitive versus Medicalized Responses to Childhood Behavior Problems and High School Graduation

There are significant racial and socioeconomic disparities in the use of suspensions and therapy/medication for childhood behavior problems. These disparities exacerbate inequalities elsewhere, inc...
Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Wet Snow Accumulation on Inclined Cylindrical Surfaces

Wet snow accumulation on bridge cables and its shedding due to external phenomena such as rise in temperature, wind, and gravity is a serious threat to the safety of cars and pedestrians crossing the bridge. Commonly the accumulated snow on bridge cables is removed by external means such as mechanical removal or heat treatment which are expensive, time-consuming, and high-risk processes and are conducted based on little or no information available regarding the actual size and shape of the accumulated snow. In addition, cleaning of cables using the mechanical methods can potentially lead to erosion of cable materials when applied over years, resulting in enhanced surface roughness and potentially increased wet snow/ice accumulation during future precipitation events, and sometimes might require replacement of cable stays, which is an extremely costly and complicated task. Optimizing the number of mechanical cleaning procedures such as chain release through predicting the shape and thickness of the accumulated snow on the cable stays reduces the cost, time, and risk associated with the process. In this study, wet snow accumulation on torsionally rigid inclined cylinders of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) has been studied experimentally and numerically. A 2-D numerical model has been developed utilizing weather data to predict the thickness and the shape of the accumulated wet snow on inclined cylindrical surfaces. Outdoor experiments were also conducted to measure the density and thickness of accumulated snow, while monitoring the weather data real time. Overall, snow density was found to be linearly increasing with an increase in wind velocity, during snow precipitation. The maximum thickness and shape of the accumulated snow on cables obtained from the numerical model were found to be in good agreement with the outdoor experimental data. This work aims to provide a mean for prediction of snow accumulation on surfaces for optimizing the efficiency of the costly and high-risk snow removal procedures.
Project YES! Youth Engaging for Success: A randomized controlled trial assessing the impact of a clinic-based peer mentoring program on viral suppression, adherence and internalized stigma among HIV-positive youth (15-24 years) in Ndola, Zambia.

Background Youth-led strategies remain untested in clinic-based programs to improve viral suppression (VS) and reduce stigma among HIV-positive adolescents and young adults (AYA) in sub-Saharan Africa. In response, Project YES! placed paid HIV-positive youth peer mentors (YPM) in four HIV clinics in Ndola, Zambia including a Children’s Hospital (pediatric setting), an adult Hospital and two primary care facilities (adult settings). Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted from December 2017 to February 2019. Consecutively recruited 15 to 24-year-olds were randomly assigned to an intervention arm with monthly YPM one-on-one and group sessions and optional caregiver support groups, or a usual care comparison arm. Survey data and blood samples were collected at baseline and at the six-month midline. Generalized estimating equation models evaluated the effect of study arm over time on VS, antiretroviral treatment (ART) adherence gap, and internalized stigma. Results Out of 276 randomized youth, 273 were included in the analysis (Intervention n = 137, Comparison n = 136). VS significantly improved in both arms (I:63.5% to 73.0%; C:63.7% to 71.3.0%) [OR:1.49, 95% CI:1.08, 2.07]. In a stratified analysis intervention (I:37.5% to 70.5%) versus the comparison (C:60.3% to 59.4%) participants from the pediatric clinic experienced a relative increase in the odds of VS by a factor of 4.7 [interaction term OR:4.66, 95% CI:1.84, 11.78]. There was no evidence of a study arm difference in VS among AYA in adult clinics, or in ART adherence gaps across clinics. Internalized stigma significantly reduced by a factor of 0.39 [interaction term OR:0.39, 95% CI:0.21,0.73] in the intervention (50.4% to 25.4%) relative to the comparison arm (45.2% to 39.7%) Conclusions Project YES! engaged AYA, improving VS in the pediatric clinic and internalized stigma in the pediatric and adult clinics. Further research is needed to understand the intersection of VS and internalized stigma among AYA attending adult HIV clinics. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04115813.
The routine use of synovial alpha-defensin is not necessary.

Aims To establish the utility of adding the laboratory-based synovial alpha-defensin immunoassay to the traditional diagnostic work-up of a prosthetic joint infection (PJI). Methods A group of four...
CuxIr1–x Nanoalloy Catalysts Achieve Near 100% Selectivity for Aqueous Nitrite Reduction to NH3

Nitrite (NO2–) is an abundant contaminant in nature that threatens human health. A catalytic process that converts NO2– to less harmful products has been proven to be an effective strategy for NO2–...
High‐dose methotrexate‐induced epidermal necrosis in two pediatric patients

Methotrexate-induced epidermal necrosis (MEN) is an uncommon but potentially fatal complication. We present two pediatric oncology patients, a 5-year-old girl and a 3-year-old boy, who developed MEN from high-dose methotrexate therapy for pre-B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia. Following administration of systemic methotrexate, the patients developed erythematous lesions with subsequent skin erosions. Pre-medication with systemic corticosteroids and administration of folinic acid rescue following the methotrexate infusion allowed both patients to resume their chemotherapy regimen with methotrexate.
Disease Burden Affects Aging Brain Function.

BACKGROUND Most older adults live with multiple chronic disease conditions, yet the effect of multiple diseases on brain function remains unclear. METHODS We examine the relationship between disease multimorbidity and brain activity using regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) 15O-water PET scans from 97 cognitively normal participants (mean baseline age 76.5) in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA). Multimorbidity index scores, generated from the presence of 13 health conditions, were correlated with PET data at baseline and in longitudinal change (n=74) over 5.05 (2.74 SD) years. RESULTS At baseline, voxel-based analysis showed that higher multimorbidity scores were associated with lower relative activity in orbitofrontal, superior frontal, temporal pole and parahippocampal regions, and greater activity in lateral temporal, occipital and cerebellar regions. Examination of the individual health conditions comprising the index score showed hypertension and chronic kidney disease individually contributed to the overall multimorbidity pattern of altered activity. Longitudinally, both increases and decreases in activity were seen in relation to increasing multimorbidity over time. These associations were identified in orbitofrontal, lateral temporal, brainstem, and cerebellar areas. CONCLUSION Together, these results show that greater multimorbidity is associated with widespread areas of altered brain activity, supporting a link between health and changes in aging brain function.
The incidence of acute myocardial infarction after elective spinal fusions or joint replacement surgery in the United States: a large-scale retrospective observational cohort study in 322,585 patients : Post-surgical myocardial infarction data.

BACKGROUND Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is an uncommon but fatal complication among patients undergoing elective spinal fusion surgery (SF), total hip arthroplasty (THA), and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Our objective was to estimate the incidence of AMI among adults undergoing elective SF, THA, and TKA in different post-operative risk windows and characterize high-risk sub-populations in the United States. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from a longitudinal electronic healthcare record (EHR) database from January 1, 2007 to June 30, 2018. ICD codes were used to identify SF, THA, TKA, AMI, and selected clinical characteristics. Incidence proportions (IPs) and 95% confidence intervals were estimated in the following risk windows: index hospitalization, ≤ 30, ≤ 90, ≤ 180, and ≤ 365 days post-operation. RESULTS A total of 67,533 SF patients, 87,572 THA patients, and 167,480 TKA patients were eligible for the study. The IP of AMI after SF, THA, and TKA ranged from 0.36, 0.28, and 0.25% during index hospitalization to 1.05, 0.93, and 0.85% ≤ 365 days post-operation, respectively. The IP of AMI was higher among patients who were older, male, with longer hospital stays, had a history of AMI, and had a history of diabetes. CONCLUSION The IP of post-operative AMI was generally highest among the SF cohort compared to the THA and TKA cohorts. Additionally, potential high-risk populations were identified. Future studies in this area are warranted to confirm these findings via improved confounder control and to identify effect measure modifiers.
Ultrastructure of the Myocardial Sarcolemma

The myocardial sarcolemma is not structurally uniform. Characteristic specializations occur in areas of the membrane. These specialized areas, namely, the transverse tubules (TT), caveolae and intercalated discs of the heart muscle cell have been described with conventional electron microscopy (both thin-section and freeze-fracture). However, some important aspects of the structure of these specializations and in some cases their functions are still unclear. Our understanding of the mechanisms by which they are formed and maintained in the plasma membrane is still fragmentary. The ultra-structure of the most important junctions formed by the sarcolemma (i.e., junction of TT with the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and the gap junction formed by sarcolemma of adjacent myocardial cells) is still not satisfactorily understood in terms of their function. In this review of the ultrastructure of the sarcolemma and its specializations, the intent is not for an extensive review; there are excellent reviews for this already published (1,2). Rather, the focus here is on two areas: (1) to view the ultrastructure of sarcolemma with state of the art freeze-fracture techniques (e.g., ultra-rapid freezing and deep-etch rotary shadowing) and (2) to point out some of the complexities of the ultrastructure for which we still require more information.
Development of the 15 T $\hbox{Nb}_{3}\hbox{Sn}$ Dipole HD2

The superconducting magnet program at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) is continuing the development of HD2, a 1 m long dipole generating a dipole field of 15 T in a 36 mm clear bore. With tilted (flared) ends to avoid obstructing the beam path, HD2 represents a step towards the development of high field and cost effective accelerator quality magnets. The design has been optimized to minimize geometric harmonics and to address iron saturation and conductor magnetization effects. The support structure is based on an external aluminum shell, pre-tensioned with pressurized bladders and interference keys. Aluminum axial rods and stainless steel end plates provide longitudinal support to the coil ends during magnet excitation. This paper reports on field quality optimization and magnet parameters. The design and fabrication of the coil and structure components, and results from coil winding, reaction, and potting are also presented.
DDT and inflammatory responses

Abstract Escherichia coli endotoxin instilled intranasally into mice and rats caused a severe pulmonary oedema associated with progressive increases in lung weights of up to 30% within 2 days. When mice were injected with DDT (20 mg/kg) 20 and 2 hr prior to the administration of endotoxin the animals were found to be tolerant to the endotoxin. The inflammatory oedema induced by endotoxin is caused by release of lung histamine, and as DDT injections also lowered histamine content in the lungs, the protective effect of DDT against the oedema induced by endotoxin appears to be due to its prior depletion of the lung histamine stores. An opposite effect, increased and accelerated inflammation, was observed by chronic exposure of rats to dietary DDT (150 ppm) fed for 36 days. The long-term feeding of DDT is known to cause adaptations in many physiological systems. One of these may be increased histamine synthesis and subsequently increased severity of histamine mediated reactions.
Does the currently accepted RADS-2 factor structure apply to LGBTIQ youth?

Accessible summary • Commonly used mental health assessment instruments for measuring depression in adolescents need to be tested and validated with diverse samples of subjects in order to determine if the instrument produces different results with different sub-populations of youth and, if so, to systematically describe these patterns. • There has been some recent speculation in the scientific literature that adolescents who are lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender may experience depression in ways different from the general population of youth. These differences could result in altered scores and outcomes on assessment tools that were standardized with a general sample. • After testing, it appears that the factor structure and other psychometric features of the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale-2 revealed in a sample of sexual minority youth is little different from the factor structure that was reflected in the large general sample of youth on which the instrument was originally normed and scaled. • Nurses and other mental health clinicians who use the RADS-2 with youth who are sexual minorities can be confident that scores and other results, including the established cut-off points, also apply to LGBT youth. Abstract First-stage measures of depressive symptoms need to demonstrate accuracy in capturing depression in diverse populations of youth. The research question in this study asked, ‘How is the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale-2nd Edition (RADS-2) factor structure expressed in a sample of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex or queer adolescent students?’ Reliability, validity and principal components with orthogonal rotation factor analysis testing were conducted on a sample of 265 school-based adolescents in grades 7–12, including 72 girls and 193 boys, who sought guidance for sexual orientation or gender identity issues in this secondary data analysis. Four factors were identified that each demonstrates adequate internal consistency reliability. The RADS-2 effectively captures the features of depressive symptoms in sexual minority adolescents.
TRAIL induction by radiation in lymphoma patients

TRAIL/Apo-2 L, a member of the Tumor Necrosis Factor cytokine family, induces apoptosis specifically in malignant cells. A combination of TRAIL and radiation is highly synergistic in in vitro experiments. In addition to this additive effect, we observed that TRAIL is induced by irradiation of certain cell lines. The induction begins approximately 2 hours after irradiation. This might even enhance the antineoplastic effect of ionizing radiation and partially explain the abscopal effect observed in hematopoietic malignancies. TRAIL levels were evaluated in 17 patients treated with radiation for Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. We did not observe a specific TRAIL expression pattern that could be correlated with histology, disease status, volume of disease, radiation dose, and other antineoplastic therapies, but a definite pattern observed in a single patient remained constant over time. TRAIL and interferons display a common pattern of gene expression at certain nodal points of interaction between the two physiologic pathways. Our hypothesis is that the radiation-induced changes in TRAIL expression observed in patients undergoing therapeutic radiation may be emblematic of the various physiologic pathways induced or inhibited by ionizing radiation and may even be partially responsible for the "bystander effect" observed in unirradiated cells in close proximity to irradiated cells.
Money Burning and Multiple Equilibria in Bargaining

Abstract This paper synthesizes recent work on delay and multiple equilibria in complete information Rubinstein bargaining. We identify a general principle, "money burning," underlying prior results and develop a general model of the phenomena. Money burning is a threat by one player to destroy surplus, which can serve to enhance that player′s bargaining power if it is credible. Our results show that the uniqueness and efficiency properties of the subgame perfect equilibrium of Rubinstein bargaining are vulnerable to players′ ability to burn money. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Number: 026.
The Product Development and Commercialization Process

Product development and commercialization is the supply chain management process that provides structure for developing and bringing to market new products jointly with customers and suppliers. Effective implementation of the process not only enables management to coordinate the efficient flow of new products across the supply chain, but also assists supply chain members with the ramp‐up of manufacturing, logistics, marketing and other related activities to support the commercialization of the product In this paper, the product development and commercialization process is described in detail to show how it can be implemented. To do this, the process is described in terms of its sub‐processes and associated activities, and the interfaces with business functions, other supply chain processes and other firms. Examples of successful implementation are provided.
Benchmark results for particle transport in a binary Markov statistical medium

Abstract We give numerical benchmark results for particle transport in a randomly mixed binary medium, with the mixing statistics described as a homogeneous Markov process. A Monte Carlo procedure is used to generate a physical realization of the statistics, and a discrete ordinate numerical transport solution is generated for this realization. The ensemble averaged solution, as well as the variance, is obtained by averaging a large number of such calculations. Reflection and transmission results are given for several problems in both rod and planar geometry. In a separate development, two coupled transport equations are derived which formally described transport in a random binary mixture for arbitrary mixing statistics. Closing these equations by approximating their coupling terms in a low order and intuitive way leads to a model for stochastic transport previously obtained via the master equation. The present derivation, based upon approximating exact equations, allows in principle the opportunity to develop more accurate models by making higher order approximations in the coupling terms.
GLUCOSE METABOLISM OF THRAUSTOCHYTRIUM ROSEUM, A NONFILAMENTOUS MARINE PHYCOMYCETE.

In uniformly labeled logarithmic-phase cells of Thraustochytrium roseum grown in isotopic glucose, 85% of the respiratory CO2 was derived from endogenous reserves and only 15% was contributed by exogenous glucose. Experiments with asymetrically labeled glucose showed that the main portion of metabolic CO2 came from carbon 1 of the glucose molecule, suggesting that the hexose monophosphate shunt is a major pathway for glucose dissimilation in the fungus. The presence of several enzymes of the hexose monophosphate shunt, the Embden-Meyerhof and glyoxylate pathways, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle were demonstrated.
Selective diphosphorylation, dithiodiphosphorylation, triphosphorylation, and trithiotriphosphorylation of unprotected carbohydrates and nucleosides.

Aminomethyl polystyrene resin-bound linkers of p-acetoxybenzyl alcohol were subjected to reactions with diphosphitylating and triphosphitylating reagents to yield the corresponding polymer-bound diphosphitylating and triphosphitylating reagents, respectively. A number of unprotected carbohydrates and nucleosides were reacted with the polymer-bound reagents. Oxidation with tert-butyl hydroperoxide or sulfurization with Beaucage's reagent, followed by removal of cyanoethoxy group with DBU and the acidic cleavage, respectively, afforded only one type of monosubstituted nucleoside and carbohydrate diphosphates, dithiodiphosphates, triphosphates, and trithiotriphosphates with high regioselectivity.
Construction of platinum-tipped redox probes for determining soil redox potential.

Redox probes are typically constructed by soldering Pt wire to a metal wire or rod, such as copper or brass. The junction between the Pt and wire or rod is often sealed with an epoxy resin and hardener or with heat-shrink tubing. Microcracks (small cracks invisible to the unaided eye) can form in the hardened resin and result in incorrect readings. The hardened resin is not easily removed, making repairs difficult. Heat-shrink tubing is thin, lacks rigidity, and can be damaged in the soil. The method described in this paper used a thick-walled, adhesive-lined terminal insulator to seal the junction. The terminal insulators were easily applied and removed, which made faulty probes easy to repair. Two-hundred forty probes were made with this method and eight were made with a marine epoxy resin. The probes were tested with a redox buffer solution (Light Solution) and were usable if they read +476 ± 10 mV. The probes were installed 0.76 and 1.5 m deep in the soil. The ability of the probes to provide reliable redox readings was examined by testing selected probes after 10 mo of use and testing all of the probes after completion of the study (19 mo). Ten of the twelve probes tested after 10 mo worked satisfactorily, while the other two clearly malfunctioned before testing. After the study was completed, 236 of the 240 of the probes worked satisfactorily. These results indicate that the construction method presented produces reliable, long-lasting probes.
N-H...O hydrogen bonding interactions in tetrahedral [ZnS4] complexes of relevance to zinc enzymes: the synthesis, structures and reactivity of tris(2-mercapto-1-arylimidazolyl)hydroborato zinc(2-mercapto-1-arylimidazole) complexes, {[TmAr]Zn(mimAr)}[ClO4] (Ar = Ph, p-Tol)

Abstract The tris(2-mercapto-1-arylimidazolyl)hydroborato complexes {[TmAr]Zn(mimAr)}[ClO4], which feature tetrahedrally coordinated zinc centers in a sulfur rich environment, may be prepared by the reaction of [TmAr]Li with Zn(ClO4)2 in the presence of 2-mercapto-1-arylimidazole (mimAr; Ar=Ph, p-Tol). X-ray diffraction studies demonstrate that the mimAr ligands are almost orthogonal to the Zn–S–C plane, in contrast to the almost planar arrangement that is calculated for {[TmH]Zn(mimH)}+ and {[TmH]Zn(mimMe)}+. The orthogonal arrangement observed experimentally for both {[TmPh]Zn(mimPh)}+ and {[Tmp-Tol]Zn(mimp-Tol)}+ is a consequence of the existence of a N–H⋯O hydrogen bond between the N–H group of the mimAr ligand and a molecule of methanol. Evidently, the hydrogen bonding interactions in {[TmAr]Zn(mimAr)⋯(HOMe)}+ are sufficiently strong to counter the electronic destabilization resulting from rotation of the mimAr ligand from the Zn–S–C plane. The mimPh ligand of {[TmPh]Zn(mimPh)}+ may be immediately displaced by I− to give [TmAr]ZnI; however, {[TmPh]Zn(mimPh)}+ does not react rapidly with MeI, thereby demonstrating that the zinc coordinated mimPh ligand is less susceptible to electrophilic attack than is a zinc thiolate ligand.
Estimation of the heat‐transfer coefficient between air and the ground surface

For the purposes of programming a computer to predict the depths of freezing and thawing in soils, a simple method is outlined with the appropriate charts for calculating the value of the surface heat-transfer coefficient, based on meteorological information which is normally easily obtainable. All the significant parameters are included, and an account of the investigation leading to the preparation of each chart is given.
Overlay improvement through overlay modeling

The application of overlay modeling to the description of the observed and predicted overlay errors allows for the multipurpose use of the successful modeling technique in identifying and resolving overlay problems. The presented paper describes the application of overlay modeling in estimating the exposure tool alignment system sensitivity to process/tool interaction and its potential impact on overlay performance. The described methodology is applicable to the characterization of various alignment systems and its use is described in detail. Another use of the overlay model allowed us to uncover large field mismatch and translational errors due to process induced change in wafer size. This discovery prompted the development of new exposure tool capabilities to provide adequate compensation for these overlay components. It is shown that analysis of unmodeled (residual) components of overlay also provided valuable insights into the peculiarities of exposure tool and process/overlay interaction.
Clinitron therapy and the decubitus ulcer: preliminary dermatologic studies.

: Twenty-nine patients who had decubitus ulcers and a variety of underlying diseases had good responses to the use of the Clinitron Bed, an air-fluidized system. More research is needed to determine its place in dermatologic care.
The politics of fertility and economic development.

This paper presents a formal model that characterizes the two faces of development—persistent poverty, and industrialization and rising incomes—and establishes that the interaction between politics and economics determines which path a nation travels. We demonstrate that political factors affect fertility decisions so that a one-time disturbance compounds across generations, impacting a country's entire development trajectory. Modeling strategic multiobjective policy-setting by the government, we derive a new concept of political capacity and prove that a sufficient amount of political capacity is necessary to escape a poverty trap and develop the economy. Empirical tests for a sample of 100 countries from 1960 to 1990 provide strong support for the predictions of the formal model. In particular, we show that both political stability and political capacity significantly influence birth rates. We conclude that politics can be either a stimulant or a barrier to economic development.
Topographic Influence of Longwall Mining on Ground-Water Supplies

The extent of potential aquifer dewatering resulting from underground longwall mining is determined through application of a nonlinear finite-element model. The model represents the form of the body strain field that accompanies mining-induced subsidence, and uses strain magnitudes to define the modified hydraulic conductivity field. The model is applied to test the sensitivity of the induced strain field to ground surface topography. The location and extent of three characteristic zones of conductivity enhancement are defined, representing gravitational detachment above the panel, shear failure above the abutment, and extensile deformation at the ground surface. Correspondingly, well completion locations are ranked with their potential for dewatering representing relatively high potential in upland areas and relatively low potential in valley base locations. These results amplify and offer a phenomenological explanation of observational data. Modeling results are compared with several documented studies in the Appalachian coal fields and favorable agreement achieved.
Adaptive distributed compressed sensing for dynamic high-dimensional hypothesis testing

In this paper, a framework for dynamic high-dimensional hypothesis testing in wireless sensor networks is presented. The sensor nodes (SNs) collect and transmit to a fusion center (FC), in a distributed fashion, compressed measurements of a time-correlated hypothesis vector. The FC, based on the measurements collected, tracks the hypothesis vector, and feeds back minimal information about the uncertainty in the current estimate, which enables adaptation of the SNs' data collection and transmission strategy. The policy of the SNs is optimized with the overall objective of minimizing the detection error probability, under sensing and transmission cost constraints incurred by each SN. A Bernoulli approximation on the detection error is employed, which enables a significant reduction in the optimization complexity and the design of scalable estimators based on sparse approximation recovery algorithms. Simulation results demonstrate that, for a target 5% detection error, the adaptive scheme attains 90% and 50% cost savings with respect to a memoryless scheme which does not exploit the time-correlation and a non-adaptive one, respectively.
Property owners may be liable for defective products offered to guests by a third-party tenant

Abstract Although it is unusual to impose strict liability upon hotel keepers for defective equipment and furnishings, a Florida court applied the strict-liability doctrine to hold a resort liable after a guest was injured by a sailboat she had rented from a commercial tenant of the resort.
TACTILITY AND SEXUAL SYMBOLISM

Based upon Freud's view of sexual symbolism, a number of investigators have shown the relationship of form to sex symbols. In previous studies, rectilinearity of line has been associated with masculine characteristics and curvilinearity has been associated with feminine qualities. The present study' utilized the dimension of tactual quality combined with form. Four stimulus objects were constructed to embody compressibility and form: rwo were made of wood, one spherical and one straight; two other objeccs, equal in size and shape to the first two, were made of rubber. Due to the nature of the materials used, the weight varied. The surfaces of all objects were comparably smooth. Each of 30 college students reached into a black, square, curtained box into which the objects were placed individually, in rotated order. After feeling (i.e., tactually examining) each object, Ss rated that object on each of 20 polar adjective scales. The items were based upon a scale of masculinity-femininity developed by Reece ( 1958) ' in which qualities associated with masculinity are paired with qualities associated with femininity in the semantic differential form (Osgood, Suci, & Tannenbaum, 1957). The obtained means were evaluated by the analysis of variance method which gave a highly significant F for the compressibility variable (F = 24.1, p < .001), clearly showing the importance of the hard-soft dimension for the concepts of masculinity and femininity in a tactual condition. The effect of form was obscured by the inability to control for weight of the objeccs and the failure to control for the flexibility of the rectilinear rubber stimulus. No significant interaction effects were found.
Rabbit ovarian protein kinases. III. Gonadotrophin-induced activation of soluble adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinases.

Cytosol of mature estrous rabbit follicles contains a single species of protein kinase, protein kinase 3, which can be classified as a type II cAMP-dependent proteien kinase. Cytosol of functional rabbit corpora lutea (CL) contains, in addition to protein kinase 3, a second species of kinase activity, protein kinase 2, which can be classified as a type I cAMP-dependent protein kinase. These conclusions are based upon the relative dissociation and reassociation characteristics of the two holoenzymes in the presence and absence of 0.5 M NaCl after in vitro dissociation by cAMP, upon the effect of MgATP on salt- and basic protein-induced dissociation, and upon their relative elution from DEAE-cellulose. Protein kinase 3 in mature estrous rabbit follicles was rapidly activated after an iv injection of hCG. The activation was demonstrated by an increase of the protein kinase activity ratio as well as by the appearance of the free catalytic subunit of protein kinase upon Sephadex gel filtration. Maximal activat...
Greenfield vena Caval Filter: St. Joseph's Hospital Experiences

Since the first vena caval filter was inserted at St. Joseph's Hospital in 1979, 18 similar procedures have been performed. A review of these cases was con ducted in which the indications for and site of insertion, associated diagnostic and radiographic studies, complications, and mortality were summarized.The data reveal a mortality rate of 11 %, owing primarily to the use of the filter in hemodynamically unstable patients with massive pulmonary emboli. This figure suggests that vena caval filters should only be used as a truly pro phylactic measure, limiting the indications for insertion to failures of or contra indications to anticoagulation, as well as possible consideration as prophylaxis in high risk patients or those with "free floating" thrombus above the inguinal ligament.Such failures of anticoagulation and complications of overtreatment can be minimized through an understanding of the variable response to anticoagulants and the recognition of the need for accurate, frequent monitoring of antico...
Use of cuprate tricrystal microbridges as probes of superconducting pairing state symmetry

Abstract We have carried out field-modulated critical current measurements of nominally pure, doped, and ion-irradiation YBCO tricrystal microbridges in order to probe superconducting pairing state symmetry. Our results in the short junction limit are consistent with a real combination of large d -wave and small s -wave components of the order parameter.
Economic Analysis of Palivizumab in Infants With Congenital Heart Disease

Objective Palivizumab has been shown to reduce the number of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-related hospitalizations by 45% in children with congenital heart disease (CHD). The American Academy of Pediatrics has recommended that infants with hemodynamically significant CHD be considered for palivizumab. However, the economic implications of palivizumab prophylaxis in the CHD population have not been evaluated. In the present study, we sought to examine the cost savings and cost utility of RSV prophylaxis with palivizumab in children with CHD. Methods Probabilities of hospitalization and efficacy of prophylaxis were based on published results. Costs of hospitalization were derived from a published analysis of bronchiolitis hospitalization costs from a consortium of children's hospitals. A hypothetical cohort of 10,000 CHD patients (half of whom would receive palivizumab) was created to calculate cost-savings and cost-utility. To assess cost utility, we assumed that by reducing hospitalization, palivizumab would reduce RSV-related hospital mortality, generally reported to be 3% in CHD patients. Sensitivity analysis was performed. Results On the basis of a protocol of 5 monthly doses of palivizumab, the cost of prophylaxis for 1 RSV season was calculated as 6160 dollars per patient. After accounting for impact on direct and indirect costs of hospitalization, administration of palivizumab to 5000 CHD patients would result in a net loss of 20,415,753 dollars. If one assumes that palivizumab confers a survival benefit, then the cost of life-year saved is 100,338 dollars and cost of quality-adjusted life-year saved is 114,337 dollars. Conclusions The cost of palivizumab prophylaxis was high relative to benefits realized. Given the large number of CHD patients who might be considered candidates for RSV prophylaxis (>6000 patients per year in United States) routine use of palivizumab in young children with hemodynamically significant CHD needs to be evaluated further.
The effects of visual acuity on target discrimination and shooting performance.

Purpose. To explore the effects of visual acuity on target discrimination and marksmanship. Methods. A randomized, single-blind, repeated measures study was conducted to evaluate the effect of visual acuity on target discrimination and marksmanship. Subjects were examined for inclusion criteria and equivalent plus lens over-refractions necessary to obtain the five test visual acuity ranges. Qualified subjects fired at randomized target presentations from 50 to 300 m while wearing customized spectacles to yield the visual acuity levels being evaluated. Subjects then rotated foxholes for target discrimination sequences. Randomized targets marked as friend or enemy were presented in like manner for each of the five visual acuity levels. Results. Subjects at acuities better than 0.2 LogMAR were significantly more likely to hit the target than those with acuities equal to or worse than 0.7 LogMAR. Target discrimination results show subjects with acuities between −0.2 and 0.6 LogMAR were significantly more likely to correctly identify the target than those with acuities equal to or worse than 0.7 LogMAR. In addition, those at acuities of 0.0 LogMAR or better performed significantly better than those with acuities between 0.3 and 0.6 LogMAR. Conclusions. Visual acuity significantly affects target discrimination and marksmanship performance. Results of this study closely mirror expected findings based on visual angles with acuities in the range 0.3 to 0.4 LogMAR (20/40–20/50) being the transition zone where performance begins to deteriorate. This performance-based evidence fully supports a vision classification system that mandates eyewear to maximize visual performance for deployable military members. Based on the results of this study, the current U.S. Army, U.S. Navy, and U.S. Marine Corps vision readiness standards of 20/40 or better uncorrected or corrected vision seems to be a valid choice because it is the transition point for performance in both target discrimination and marksmanship ability.
The Return of the Recap: Achieving Private Equity Benefits as a Public Company

The private equity wave is now reaching most industries, affecting companies of all sizes and in all geographies. Companies as diverse as TXU, HCA, TDC, Equity Office Properties, Neiman Marcus, and Free scale Semiconductor have opted to go private, delivering sizable returns to their public shareholders in the process. The continued operational and capital restructuring that typically follows public-to-private transactions holds out the promise of sizable returns to the new private owners as well. The large returns generated by private equity firms and their investors have put significant pressure on public companies. Long-term institutional investors, hedge funds, retail investors, and the media are increasingly asking the obvious question: Why can public corporations not deliver similar levels of out performance by using the private equity toolbox? And this leads to a series of follow-up questions: Which aspects of the private equity model can be replicated by public companies? Does it pay to adopt elements of the LBO model as a public company? What types of businesses can enhance shareholder value with higher leverage while retaining their public ownership model?
Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Weighty Enigma

When an obese diabetic patient does not maintain glucose control, clinicians must decide if better control of glycemia is worth 10 pounds of weight gain. Why are we in this therapeutic dilemma? Fir...
Human Genetics of Atherothrombotic Disease and its Risk Factors

The pace of discovery in the application of human genetics to atherothrombotic disease and its risk factors has been accelerating. A large number of genetic loci have been identified in association with myocardial infarction (MI), coronary artery disease (CAD), thrombotic events, lipid traits, and other circulating biomarkers related to atherothrombotic disease. Several articles in ATVB during 2013 and 2014 were related to these discoveries and the underlying biology and functional genomics of these loci. In this article, we review these reports in the broader context of the rapid progress in this field. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified ≈50 discrete genetic loci that are significantly associated with MI/CAD.1 One of the biggest challenges in the field is to identify the causal gene at each of the novel loci and to elucidate the molecular and physiological mechanisms by which these causal genes influence the development, progression, and clinical outcomes of CAD. ### Chromosome 9p21.3 Coronary Heart Disease–Associated Region The first GWAS locus discovered to be associated with MI/CAD was a locus on chromosome 9p21.3 spanning an ≈60-kilobase region, which has come to be called the chromosome 9p21.3 coronary heart disease (CHD)–Associated Region (C9CAR). This locus remains the most robustly associated with CAD, accounts for ≈20% of the attributable risk for CAD, and is also associated with other vascular traits, such as aneurysms. However, the mechanism linking this locus to CAD remains to be elucidated. Two of the closest genes encode CDKN2A and 2B, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors that interact with CDK4 and CDK6 and are involved in cell cycle regulation. Gene expression studies have suggested that variants at C9CAR associated with increased CAD are associated with reduced expression of CDKN2B in atherosclerotic plaque and vascular smooth muscle cells, but relatively little is known about the effect of CDKN2B on vascular disease in model systems. Kim et al2 …
Alliteration in Mate Selection: Does Barbara Marry Barry?:

Many variables have been examined in connection with assortative mating; however, one factor that has been overlooked is alliteration, partners whose first names begin with the same letter. It was predicted that the incidence of alliterative matches among married couples would exceed that expected due to chance alone. Combining separate results from nine data sets, the prediction was supported both for given names and nicknames. Supplementary analyses indicated (1) that the findings are not attributable to nonindependence among samples and (2) that many years ago alliteration was a more important factor in assortative mating than it is today.
Prostate cancer diagnosed after initial biopsy with atypical small acinar proliferation suspicious for malignancy is similar to cancer found on initial biopsy

Abstract Objectives To compare matched clinical and prostatectomy data between (a) men with an initial biopsy diagnosis of atypical small acinar proliferation (ASAP) suspicious for malignancy whose cancer was diagnosed subsequently, and (b) men with a cancer diagnosis not preceded by an ASAP diagnosis. ASAP diagnoses apply to 1.5%–9.0% of prostatic biopsies and predict definite cancer in about 45% of repeat biopsies. Methods At our hospitals, during overlapping intervals from 1990 to 2001, 7081 men underwent prostate biopsy, and 227 (3.2%) had an overall diagnosis (based on all cores sampled) of ASAP. We concurred with the ASAP diagnosis in 184 cases (81%). Repeat biopsy was performed in 129 (57%), with 22 again having ASAP and 51 (40%) adenocarcinoma. Nineteen men underwent prostatectomy at our hospitals. The controls comprised men who underwent prostatectomy before and after each man with an initial ASAP diagnosis (2:1 match with cases). Findings included grade, pathologic stage, measured maximum dimension of tumor, resection margin status, patient age, and latest preoperative serum prostate-specific antigen. Results Men in the initial-ASAP group did not differ significantly from controls with respect to age (63 vs. 61, P = 0.08). Initial-ASAP and control groups had serum prostate-specific antigen levels of 5.9 and 7.4 ng/mL ( P = 0.32), respectively; mean Gleason scores were 6.2 and 6.6 ( P = 0.11); mean stages were pT2b and pT2b; and tumor size averaged 0.9 and 1.2 cm ( P = 0.36). Fewer men with initial-ASAP diagnosis on biopsy had positive margins (5%) than did those in the control group (30%, P Conclusions An ASAP diagnosis represents undersampled cancer in at least 40% of cases and places men at risk of prostate cancer with similar clinicopathologic findings as in other men with cancer.
Information Systems Security and Computer Crime in the IS Curriculum: A Detailed Examination

The authors examined the extent to which information systems (IS) security and computer crime are covered in information systems programs. Results suggest that IS faculty believe security coverage should be increased in required, elective, and non-IS courses. However, respondent faculty members are concerned that existing curricula leave little time for additional topics.
Effects of Testosterone, Sesame Oil, and Castration on Tissue Respiration of Male Rats Exposed to Cold:

Summary1. The effect of addition of testosterone (2mM) in vitroto liver, kidney and brain slices from intact and castrated rats treated with testosterone propionate and sesame oil in vivoand expose...
Effects of environmental conditions on food consumption in female and male rats

The present experiment examined food and water consumption under different housing conditions in 20 female and 20 male Wistar rats. Food and water consumption were measured for 6 h a day following an 18-h same-sex crowded or individual housing period for each of 6 days. All subjects were individually housed during the 6-h measurement period and had access to food and water. Female rats consumed more food and water than did male rats during the 6-h period, regardless of their 18-h housing condition. In addition, previously crowded rats consumed more food and water during the 6-h period than did rats that were previously individually housed. During the 18-h period, when subjects were differentially housed, males consumed more food and water than did females; crowded rats ate less than did individually housed rats; and crowded rats drank more water than did individually housed rats. Based on plasma corticosterone data, the female and male rats were differentially affected by housing conditions. The present results are discussed with regard to housing conditions per se and sex differences in stress responses to housing.
Parametric dependence of a morphing wind turbine blade on material elasticity

Abstract A few recent works have suggested a morphing blade for wind turbine energy conversion. The concept is derived from fin and wing motions that better adapt to varying load conditions. Previous research has provided the fluid mechanic justification of this new concept. This paper establishes a parametric relationship between an asymmetric wind turbine blade and constituent material modulus to predict the geometric response of the morphing blade for a given material characteristic. The airfoil’s trailing edge deflection is associated to a prescribed fluid exit angle via the Moment Area (MA) method. Subsequently, a mathematical model is derived to predict material deformation with respect to imparted aerodynamic forces. Results show that an airfoil, much like a tapered beam, can be modeled as a non-prismatic cantilevered beam using this well established method.
METEORITE‐SECTIONING EQUIPMENT AT THE INSTITUTE OF METEORITICS

Illustrated descriptions are given of the power saws used at the Institute of Meteoritics of the University of New Mexico for sectioning meteorites. Details of construction and performance, and photographs of sections cut from the 590-lb. core of the Lake Murray, Oklahoma, siderite with this equipment, are included.