cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Trigeminal Nerualgia with Cerebellopontine Angle Tumors

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a debilitating facial pain disorder with an incidence of 4.3 per 100,000 patients (Katusic et al. 1990). It is characterized by the sudden onset of lancinating, “electric shock-like” pain in the unilateral distribution of the trigeminal nerve, usually lasting for a matter of seconds, followed by complete resolution of pain. These paroxysms occur infrequently at first, instigated by activities such as chewing, talking, and the stimulation of so-called “trigger points” on the face by light touch, breezes, or cold temperatures. Recently, trigeminal neuralgia has been further classified based upon the presentation and nature of the pain: type I TN, for which pains are paroxysmal and stabbing, is the classic form of the disease previously referred to as “tic doloureux” or typical TN; type IIa TN is described by constant pain more than 50 % of the time, in addition to paroxysms; type IIb is described by constant pains in the trigeminal distribution with no paroxysms (Eller et al. 2005).
Minimally Invasive Partial Fasciectomy

A 76-year-old male with Dupuytren’s disease isolated to the right fourth digit presented with an MCP contracture of 40° and PIP contracture of 80°. As the patient experienced daily hand dysfunction, he was interested in pursuing intervention. After discussion of options, the patient opted for minimally invasive partial fasciectomy. This technique utilizes multiple transverse incisions to excise segments of diseased tissue. By reducing the degree of tissue dissection, patients experience quicker recovery with acceptable outcomes, especially those without significant PIP joint involvement.
Systematic Quantum Mechanical Region Determination in QM/MM Simulation

Hybrid quantum mechanical-molecular mechanical (QM/MM) simulations are widely used in enzyme simulation. Over ten convergence studies of QM/MM methods have revealed over the past several years that key energetic and structural properties approach asymptotic limits with only very large (ca. 500–1000 atom) QM regions. This slow convergence has been observed to be due in part to significant charge transfer between the core active site and the surrounding protein environment, which cannot be addressed by improvement of MM force fields or the embedding method employed within QM/MM. Given this slow convergence, it becomes essential to identify strategies for the most atom-economical determination of optimal QM regions and to gain insight into the crucial interactions captured only in large QM regions. Here, we extend and develop two methods for quantitative determination of QM regions. First, in the charge shift analysis (CSA) method, we probe the reorganization of electron density when core active site residue...
Proposal for minimum information guidelines to report and reproduce results of particle tracking and motion analysis

The proposed Minimum Information About Particle Tracking Experiments (MIAPTE) reporting guidelines described here aim to deliver a set of rules representing the minimal information required to report and support interpretation and assessment of data arising from intracellular multiple particle tracking (MPT) experiments. Examples of such experiments are those tracking viral particles as they move from the site of entry to the site of replication within an infected cell, or those following vesicular dynamics during secretion, endocytosis, or exocytosis. By promoting development of community standards, we hope that MIAPTE will contribute to making MPT data FAIR (Findable Accessible Interoperable and Reusable). Ultimately, the goal of MIAPTE is to promote and maximize data access, discovery, preservation, re-use, and repurposing through efficient annotation, and ultimately to enable reproducibility of particle tracking experiments. This document introduces MIAPTE v0.2, which updates the version that was posted to Fairsharing.org in October 2016. MIAPTE v0.2 is presented with the specific intent of soliciting comments from the particle tracking community with the purpose of extending and improving the model. The MIAPTE guidelines are intended for different categories of users: 1) Scientists with the desire to make new results available in a way that can be interpreted unequivocally by both humans and machines. For this class of users, MIAPTE provides data descriptors to define data entry terms and the analysis workflow in a unified manner. 2) Scientists wishing to evaluate, replicate and re-analyze results published by others. For this class of users MIAPTE provides descriptors that define the analysis procedures in a manner that facilitates its reproduction. 3) Developers who want to take advantage of the schema of MIAPTE to produce MIAPTE compatible tools. MIAPTE consists of a list of controlled vocabulary (CV) terms that describe elements and properties for the minimal description of particle tracking experiments, with a focus on viral and vesicular traffic within cells. As part of this submission we provide entity relationship (ER) diagrams that show the relationship between terms. Finally, we also provide documents containing the MIAPTE-compliant XML schema describing the data model used by Open Microscopy Environment inteGrated Analysis (OMEGA), our novel particle tracking data analysis and management tool, which is reported in a separate manuscript. MIAPTE is structured in two sub-sections: 1) Section 1 contains elements, attributes and data structures describing the results of particle tracking, namely: particles, links, trajectories and trajectory segments. 2) Section 2 contains elements that provide details about the algorithmic procedure utilized to produce and analyze trajectories as well as the results of trajectory analysis. In addition MIAPTE includes those OME-XML elements that are required to capture the acquisition parameters and the structure of images to be subjected to particle tracking.
Unmarked case in Estonian nominals

This paper analyzes a case-marking alternation seen in the standard Estonian numeral-noun construction and pseudopartitive construction (e.g., tukk leiba ‘a piece of bread’). In nominative and accusative contexts, the second noun (N2) is marked with partitive case while the first noun/numeral (N1) is marked with the case of the pseudopartitive. In all other case contexts both nouns must bear the case of the pseudopartitive. I propose that the partitive case on N2 is an unmarked case in the sense of Baker (2015) and Marantz (1991), among others. It is assigned to complements of nouns that do not already have a case value. This derives the case-marking alternation as a matter of timing: nominative and accusative are assigned too late to affect case-marking internal to the pseudopartitive. I show that pseudopartitives are not amenable to an analysis in terms of case-stacking as has been proposed for similar phenomena. The analysis presented here also extends to collocations of numerals and pseudopartitives in Estonian. I also show how the analysis can be extended to account for differences between Finnish and Estonian, and I suggest a typology of pseudopartitive-marking predicted by the analysis I propose. The analysis has implications for case realization and assignment as well as pseudopartitive and DP structure.
Geometric Sampling Framework for Exploring Molecular Walker Energetics and Dynamics

The motor protein kinesin is a remarkable natural nanobot that moves cellular cargo by taking 8 nm steps along a microtubule molecular highway. Understanding kinesin's mechanism of operation continues to present considerable modeling challenges, primarily due to the millisecond timescale of its motion, which prohibits fully atomistic simulations. Here we describe the first phase of a physics-based approach that combines energetic information from all-atom modeling with a robotic framework to enable kinetic access to longer simulation timescales. Starting from experimental PDB structures, we have designed a computational model of the combined kinesin-microtubule system represented by the isosurface of an all-atom model. We use motion planning techniques originally developed for robotics to generate candidate conformations of the kinesin head with respect to the microtubule, considering all six degrees of freedom of the molecular walker's catalytic domain. This efficient sampling technique, combined with all-atom energy calculations of the kinesin-microtubule system, allows us to explore the configuration space in the vicinity of the kinesin binding site on the microtubule. We report initial results characterizing the energy landscape of the kinesin-microtubule system, setting the stage for an efficient, graph-based exploration of kinesin preferential binding and dynamics on the microtubule, including interactions with obstacles.
Linguistic Aspects of Primary Progressive Aphasia

Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) refers to a disorder of declining language associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as frontotemporal degeneration and Alzheimer disease. Variants of PPA are important to recognize from a medical perspective because these syndromes are clinical markers suggesting specific underlying pathology. In this review, I discuss linguistic aspects of PPA syndromes that may prove informative for parsing our language mechanism and identifying the neural representation of fundamental elements of language. I focus on the representation of word meaning in a discussion of semantic variant PPA, grammatical comprehension and expression in a discussion of nonfluent/agrammatic variant PPA, the supporting role of short-term memory in a discussion of logopenic variant PPA, and components of language associated with discourse in a discussion of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia. PPA provides a novel perspective that uniquely addresses facets of language and its disorders while complementing traditional aphasia syndromes that follow stroke.
Rev. of Women Write Iran: Nostalgia and Human Rights from the Diaspora, by Nima Naghibi: University of Minnesota Press, 2016 211 pp., $28 (Paperback), ISBN 978-0-816-68384-0

Over a dozen memoirs by women of Iranian descent have been published in the US since 1999, adding substantially to the current “memoir boom” in North America and Europe (Gilmore 2). While much has ...
Healthcare Experiences Among Young Adults Who Identify as Genderqueer or Nonbinary

Abstract Purpose: Research on healthcare among gender-diverse populations has largely focused on people who describe their gender in binary terms, either as trans men or trans women. This qualitati...
Critical events in skin tumor promotion and progression.

Carcinogenesis in skin as well as other target tissues in a number of species has been shown to be a multistage process which can be divided into at least three major stages, initiation, promotion and progression. An important aspect of the multistage skin carcinogenesis is that it has suggested that both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms are important. Altered growth control and differentiation leading to a more embryonic phenotype appear to be critical consequences of the genetic and epigenetic changes.
Alternative Database Models and Approaches

In this chapter we discuss a variety of alternative approaches to fuzzy databases. This will include database models other than the relational model in which fuzzy set theory has been applied to model uncertainty, specifically the network model and object-oriented databases. Network databases were highly significant before the relational model became dominant in the 1980’s. They were based on a structure which seemed to lend itself to introduction of uncertainty by fuzzy approaches. However as we shall see certain restrictions in the standard DBTG network model severely limited most fuzzy set approaches attempted.
Tunnel Construction Contracting

A whole separate book (or several) could be written about tunnel construction contracting. The purpose of this brief chapter is to explain why tunnel construction is markedly different from aboveground construction, and why and how the philosophic basis for modern tunnel construction contracting has evolved.
The Role of Racial Residential Segregation in Black-White Disparities in Firearm Homicide at the State Level in the United States, 1991-2015

Abstract Objective To investigate the relationship between racial residential segregation and differences in Black-White disparities in overall firearm homicides across U.S states. Methods Using a linear regression, we evaluated the relationship between racial residential segregation, as measured by the index of dissimilarity, and the Black-White firearm homicide disparity ratio in 32 states over the period 1991-2015. To account for clustering of observations within states, we used a generalized estimating equations approach. Results After controlling for measures of White and Black deprivation, multivariate analysis showed that racial segregation was positively associated with the Black-White firearm homicide disparity. For each 10-point increase in the index of dissimilarity, the ratio of Black to White firearm homicide rates in a state increased by 39%. After controlling for levels of White and Black deprivation, racial segregation remained negatively associated with White firearm homicide rates and positively associated with Black firearm homicide rates. Conclusions These findings suggest that racial segregation may increase the disparity in firearm homicide between the Black and White population.
MECHANISM OF AXOPLASMIC TRANSPORT AND ITS BLOCK BY PHARMACOLOGICAL AGENTS

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the mechanism of axoplasmic transport and its block by the pharmacological agents. The energy required for the postulated cross-bridge action underlying fast axoplasmic transport is likely to be ATP supplied by oxidative metabolism. A magnesium–calcium ATPase has been found present in the peripheral nerve, and this enzyme is considered to utilize the ∼P of ATP. The MgCa-ATPase does not appear to be bound to or be part of the fast transport filaments moved down at a fast rate. This was shown by the slow accumulation of the MgCa-ATPase above ligations, at a rate slower than that found for other slow transported components such as lactic dehydrogenase. It is possible that the MgCa-ATPase activity present in nerve is associated with the cross-bridges seen all along the microtubules in high resolution EM, the enzyme undergoing a slow turnover in the fibers. The possibility that increased Na entry during the activation could have an effect on transport led to an investigation of batrachotoxin. This agent is known to block nerve and muscle action potentials in very low concentrations.
The Explicit Theory of “Real” Electrocyclizations of Closed and Open Shell Molecules

The purpose of this chapter is threefold: a. To develop the explicit theory of pericyclic reactions by reference to the electrocyclization reaction in a way that makes new analogies possible. b. To show that the stereoselection rules for model and “real” closed shell electrocyclizations are identical. c. To show that the stereoselection rules for model radical electrocyclizations are opposite to those for “real” radical electrocyclizations because these reactions are not simple “n electrons in n pi AO’s” reactions but, rather, sigma-pi transfer reactions of the type that current qualitative theory cannot deal with in a formally satisfactory and conceptually intelligible way. The MOVB theory of stereoselection of “real” radical electrocyclic reactions destroys the impasse which has been reached in the field of radical chemistry with regards to the stereoselectivity of radical reactions, in general.
Orientation of colloidal magnetically switchable particles

Most magnetic media in use today are made by dispersing small magnetic particles in an organic binder and coating the resultant mixture on a support material. The magnetic particles are typically nonspherical and have a magnetization that can change in direction but not in magnitude. Each particle has two stable directions of magnetization, opposite to one another, but aligned with the principal axis of the particle. Because of this coupling of the particle magnetization to the particle axis, the orientation of particles in a magnetic media product contributes to the output level of a recorded magnetic signal and the signal-to-noise ratio. In video applications, particle orientation affects picture sharpness and brightness, and in data recording applications, it affects bit density and error performance.
Influence of stress concentration and cooling methods on post-fire mechanical behavior of ASTM A36 steels

Abstract This study aims to investigate the influence of stress triaxiality and cooling methods on post-fire mechanical behavior of ASTM A36 steels. To this end, ASTM A36 notched steel specimens are designed to generate a range of stress triaxialities. These specimens are subjected to target temperatures of 500 °C, 600 °C, 700 °C, 800 °C, 900 °C and 1000 °C, and then cooled down to room temperature using air-cooling and water-cooling methods. These specimens are then uniaxially tested to determine their post-fire mechanical properties. Non-linear finite element analysis is conducted using post-fire mechanical properties to obtain stress triaxiality distribution in notched test specimens subjected to different target temperatures and cooling methods. Finally, a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) study is conducted on fractured surfaces of representative un-notched and notched test specimens to investigate the influence of high stress triaxiality and cooling methods on fracture initiation and propagation mechanisms. The post-fire mechanical properties of ASTM A36 steels are found to remain almost unaffected when cooled from 600 °C, irrespective of cooling method. ASTM A36 steels experienced up to 14% degradation in ultimate tensile strength and up to 22% increase in fracture strain when air-cooled from temperatures beyond 700 °C. Post-fire ultimate tensile strength is observed to increase by up to 146% whereas fracture strain is observed to decrease by up to 76% when ASTM A36 specimens are water-cooled from high temperatures. High stress triaxiality resulted in up to 37% increase in ultimate tensile strength and up to 74% reduction in ductility of air-cooled specimens. Presence of high stress triaxiality and water-cooling from temperatures beyond 700 °C is observed to significantly increase the ultimate tensile strength (up to 252%) and substantially reduced the ductility (up to 98%) of ASTM A36 steels.
Abstract TP337: Did Pre-Randomization Use of Intravenous Nicardipine Adversely Affect the Results of Antihypertensive Treatment of Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage (ATACH)-2 Trial?

Background: The design of the ATACH-2 trial permitted use of intravenous (IV) nicardipine to maintain systolic blood pressure (SBP) <180 mm Hg prior to randomization. We performed an analysis to de...
Method to Rapidly Characterize Reduced Lead Corrosion in Phosphate Inhibited Drinking Water

The 2014 Flint water crisis incited discussion on the legacy practice of utilizing lead in drinking water delivery pipe, and the critical need for sustained phosphate treatment in order to establis...
Foundational Technologies and Accountability

Most policy-oriented intellectual property scholarship focuses on the challenge of stimulating innovation, excluding other concerns as outside its mission (Boyle 2003). By emphasizing social justic...
Variations in the application of exception from informed consent in a multicenter clinical trial.

Abstract Background Exception from infor med consent (EFIC) is allowed using federal regulations 21 CFR 50.24 and facilitates research on patients with critical conditions such as cardiac arrest. Little is known regarding the differences in the application of EFIC requirements such as community consultation (CC), public disclosure (PD) and patient notification. We sought to characterize variations in the fulfillment of EFIC requirements in a national multicenter clinical trial in the United States. Methods We determined the strategies for fulfillment of EFIC requirements at five regional coordinating centers of the Pragmatic Airway Resuscitation Trial (PART), a cluster-crossover randomized trial comparing airway devices in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. We collected information from the including site demographics, how CC and PD were implemented, methods undertaken by the site investigative team to meet the local IRB’s interpretation, and patient notification timing (post-enrollment). We analyzed the data using descriptive statistics. Results Sites had multiple approaches to CC, including social media advertising, random digit dialing surveys, working with city officials, and websites with embedded surveys. All sites used more than one approach for conducting CC. Public Disclosure activities included press releases through various means, website documentation, and letters to community members and local officials. Time from CC to study approval ranged from 42 days to 253 days. Conclusion EFIC implementation varies across sites and highlight community and regional variation. Different EFIC approaches may be needed to effectively accomplish the goals of community consultation, public disclosure, and patient notification.
Pyk2 Signaling through Graf1 and RhoA GTPase Is Required for Amyloid-β Oligomer-Triggered Synapse Loss

The intracellular tyrosine kinase Pyk2 (PTK2B) is related to focal adhesion kinase and localizes to postsynaptic sites in brain. Pyk2 genetic variation contributes to late onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. We recently observed that Pyk2 is required for synapse loss and for learning deficits in a transgenic mouse model of AD. Here, we explore the cellular and biochemical basis for the action of Pyk2 tyrosine kinase in amyloid-β oligomer (Aβo)-induced dendritic spine loss. Overexpression of Pyk2 reduces dendritic spine density of hippocampal neurons by a kinase-dependent mechanism. Biochemical isolation of Pyk2-interacting proteins from brain identifies Graf1c, a RhoA GTPase-activating protein inhibited by Pyk2. Aβo-induced reductions in dendritic spine motility and chronic spine loss require both Pyk2 kinase and RhoA activation. Thus, Pyk2 functions at postsynaptic sites to modulate F-actin control by RhoA and regulate synapse maintenance of relevance to AD risk.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Genetic variation at the Pyk2 locus is a risk for Alzheimer's disease. We have observed that Pyk2 is required for AD transgenic synapse loss and memory dysfunction. However, the cellular and biochemical basis for Pyk2 function related to AD is not defined. Here, we show that brain Pyk2 interacts with the RhoGAP protein Graf1 to alter dendritic spine stability via RhoA GTPase. Amyloid-β oligomer-induced dendritic spine loss requires the Pyk2/Graf1 pathway.
Shutting Down Poletti: Human Rights Lessons from Environmental Victories

Human rights enjoy a presumption of inviolability that at least arguably “trumps” other public goods. To the extent that sustainable development has become bogged down in conventional economic thinking, a human rights analysis may offer a way to cut through “business-as-usual” thinking. As such, human rights can create a space for developing innovative solutions to thorny social problems like environmental injustice, particularly the unequal distribution of environmental harms across society. Because the human right to a healthy environment is “claimed not granted,” there is value in examining what environmental activists actually do on the ground, and how they shape their environmental claims. This principle remains true even for actors who do not themselves make human rights claims, and do not even view themselves as human rights actors. This article examines one such situation, using the successful campaign to shut the Charles A. Poletti Power Plant in Astoria, Queens, to glean human rights and environmental advocacy lessons for those who would vindicate environmental rights in an unequal world.
Dialogic inquiry as a mechanism of the constitutive metamodel

ABSTRACTClaims of disciplinary fragmentation in communication studies regularly rest on epistemic bases. This essay provides a counter statement, arguing that a social epistemology contains the pot...
Ghosts of Our Collective Subconscious — What Blackface in a Yearbook Photo Means for Medical Education

Ghosts of Our Collective Subconscious What do racist images in a 1980s medical school yearbook mean for medical education today? The real and persistent fear among medical students of color is that...
Traumatic Brain Injury: Introduction to Anatomy of the Human Head and Basic Mechanical Principles

In this chapter we are going to build the necessary knowledge for the study of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs). In engineering practice, whenever faced with a problem in applied mechanics and interested in a quantitative solution we need the problem to be “well-posed.” Let us elaborate on what is practically meant by that: first, we need to have an accurate description of the geometry of the problem. Second, the mechanical properties of the individual components of the system under consideration need to be obtained experimentally and modeled mathematically using constitutive equations. These equations can then be used for theoretical analysis and quantitative predictions. Third, the physical laws that the system obeys need to be specified along with the employed assumptions. In mechanics, these laws are framed by employing Newton’s laws of motion. Combining the fundamental laws of physics with the constitutive equations of the materials, we obtain the governing equations of the system. Lastly, we solve the governing equations (differential or integral representation) analytically or numerically. We then compare the theoretical results with the corresponding experiments to validate or invalidate the underlying assumptions and constitutive equations used. If the theory is validated, it can be used as a predictive tool for different problems. If not, the constitutive equations need to be redefined and the process repeated until the theory matches the experiments.
Faith, Nation, and Structure: The Diachronic Durability of Orthodox Churches in the Balkans

Those in charge of Orthodox Christian Churches have remained lashed to the national identities they nurtured, and have attempted to revive the sense that nationalism is modern and progressive—but also an essential piece of sacred time. The latter concept involves the direct perception of individual presence at, participation with, and experience of the seminal miracles, events, and state of mind produced by contact between the person in question, sacral personages of a faith, and God. The constructed, iconic past associated with sacred time in a nationalist framework is more than “theology” and anything but an anachronistic experience. Religious and nationalist entrepreneurs synchronize their visions of sacred times to harness the imaginations of the faithful and overcome local resistance to nationalism. The Orthodox Churches of the Balkans have both faith and nationalism in their tool kits and over centuries have used them to survive religious, social, economic, and political challenges—even as they have squabbled with each other.
Orthographic Mapping Facilitates Sight Word Memory and Vocabulary Learning

Efficient word reading involves retrieving familiar written words from memory automatically by sight, and sounding out letters or guessing from context only when unfamiliar words are encountered. The process of storing written words for later immediate recall occurs through a process called orthographic mapping. This process involves connecting pronunciations to the written letters that represent those pronunciations in memory. It is not based upon visual memorization of picture-like forms of words. Letter sound knowledge and phonemic awareness are central to the orthographic mapping process. Four phases of development portray sight word learning that results from orthographic mapping. Studies show that orthographic mapping facilitates vocabulary learning.
Male mating displays can evolve from exploitative origins to cooperative endings

Animal mating displays provide some of nature’s most dramatic and curious spectacles. Ring doves ( Streptopelia risoria ) are a case in point (Fig. 1). According to Cheng (ref. 1, p. 2), “When a male ring dove courts a female, he starts with majestic bowing and cooing (bow coo) interspersed with strutting directed toward the female… At some point the male … stops cooing and turns to chasing, strutting, and bow cooing; this … causes the female to flee. The male then resumes nest cooing, and the ritual repeats itself.” Fig. 1. A pair of ring doves ( S. risoria ) crossing. Image courtesy of Todd Petit (photographer). What could explain such elaborate mating behavior? Evolutionary biologists have been puzzling over this question since Darwin (2, 3). Many striking examples of mating displays, including the large male antlers of red deer Cervus elaphas (4), the deafening calls of male common toads Bufo bufo (5), and the bright red male dewlaps of Carolina anole lizards Anolis carolinensis (6), have evolved by sexual selection, which is driven by an association between the trait display and mating success (7). Species like the ring doves, however, are pair bonded and effectively offer … [↵][1]1Email: gomulki{at}wsu.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
College Student Registration and Voting in the Time of COVID-19

We investigate options for college students to register and vote in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. The disruptions from COVID-19 have hit individuals across all walks of life. But with regard to e...
Graveyard Communities: The Speech of the Dead in Juan Rulfo’s Pedro Páramo and Máirtín Ó Cadhain’s Cré na Cille

This chapter builds off of Nuala Finnegan’s recent work on Rulfo’s influential 1955 novella Pedro Paramo, and Mairtin O Cadhain’s 1949 Irish-language classic Cre na Cille. Both texts deploy the fragmented and decomposing speech of the dead in order to vocalize the trauma perpetrated upon impoverished rural communities in the aftermath of the early-twentieth-century revolutions that shook Mexico and Ireland alike (the 1910 Revolution and 1916 Easter Rising, respectively). This chapter also pushes back against the larger critical tendency to presume these communities to be de facto failed states. Turning instead to critic Yvette Jimenez-Baez, this chapter examines how the dead voices in both texts reformulate and revive their decimated communities via the Carnivalesque.
Patterns of social media use and associations with psychosocial outcomes among breast and gynecologic cancer survivors

We sought to characterize the use of social media (SM) among breast and gynecologic cancer survivors, as well as associations between patterns of SM use and psychosocial outcomes. Two hundred seventy-three breast and gynecologic cancer survivors recruited at the Stanford Women’s Cancer Center completed the study. Participants completed questionnaires to measure quality of life (FACT-G), functional social support (Duke-UNC FSSQ), distress (PHQ-4), decision regret (DRS), and SM use. In total, 75.8% of the sample reported using SM. There was no difference in quality of life (QOL), functional social support (FSS), distress, or decision regret between SM users and non-users. SM users indicated using SM for social support (34.3%) and loneliness (24.6%) more than for information-seeking (15.9%), coping (18.8%), or self-disclosure (14%). SM use for coping was associated with lower QOL (p < .001), lower FSS (p < .001), and higher decision regret (p = .029). Use for social support was associated with lower FSS (p = .029). Use for information seeking was associated with lower QOL (p = .012). Use of SM when lonely was associated with lower QOL (p < .001), higher distress (p = .007), lower FSS (p < .001), and higher decision regret (p = .020). Associations between SM use and psychosocial outcomes are nuanced and dependent on motivation for use. Further research is needed to better characterize SM use and associations with psychosocial outcomes among cancer survivors. SM is an important potential avenue for understanding and addressing the psychosocial effects associated with cancer survivorship.
Posterior Vertebral Column Subtraction Osteotomy for Recurrent Tethered Cord Syndrome: A Multicenter, Retrospective Analysis.

BACKGROUND Few have explored the safety and efficacy of posterior vertebral column subtraction osteotomy (PVCSO) to treat tethered cord syndrome (TCS). OBJECTIVE To evaluate surgical outcomes after PVCSO in adults with TCS caused by lipomyelomeningocele, who had undergone a previous detethering procedure(s) that ultimately failed. METHODS This is a multicenter, retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected cohort. Patients were prospectively enrolled and treated with PVCSO at 2 institutions between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2018. Inclusion criteria were age ≥18 yr, TCS caused by lipomyelomeningocele, previous detethering surgery, and recurrent symptom progression of less than 2-yr duration. All patients undergoing surgery with a 1-yr minimum follow-up were evaluated. RESULTS A total of 20 patients (mean age: 36 yr; sex: 15F/5M) met inclusion criteria and were evaluated. At follow-up (mean: 23.3 ± 7.4 mo), symptomatic improvement/resolution was seen in 93% of patients with leg pain, 84% in back pain, 80% in sensory abnormalities, 80% in motor deficits, 55% in bowel incontinence, and 50% in urinary incontinence. Oswestry Disability Index improved from a preoperative mean of 57.7 to 36.6 at last follow-up (P < .01). Mean spinal column height reduction was 23.4 ± 2.7 mm. Four complications occurred: intraoperative durotomy (no reoperation), wound infection, instrumentation failure requiring revision, and new sensory abnormality. CONCLUSION This is the largest study to date assessing the safety and efficacy of PVCSO in adults with TCS caused by lipomyelomeningocele and prior failed detethering. We found PVCSO to be an excellent extradural approach that may afford definitive treatment in this particularly challenging population.
Correction to: Disability, Urban Health Equity, and the Coronavirus Pandemic: Promoting Cities for all.

The article “Disability, Urban Health Equity, and the Coronavirus Pandemic: Promoting Cities for All”, written by Victor Santiago Pineda and Jason Corburn, was originally published electronically on the publisher’s internet portal (currently SpringerLink) on 23 April 2020 with open access.
Sustainability of Single-Use Endoscopes

Abstract Interest in single-use, disposable endoscopes has been growing due to concerns about infection transmission with reusable endoscopes. Yet valid concerns remain about the sustainability of single-use endoscopes in the form of long-term economic, environmental, and social consequences, even with the assumption that single-use endoscopes eliminate infection risk completely, are technically equivalent, and are cost-neutral to patients and hospitals when compared with reusable endoscopes. Economic sustainability extends beyond the per unit cost of single-use endoscopes to the concept of economic growth without adverse effects on the environment and society. Environmental sustainability is responsibly interacting with the planet to protect and conserve natural resources to support health and well-being, now and in the future. Environmental sustainability is influenced by all stages in the life cycle of an endoscope including manufacturing, transport, use, and disposal, most of which remains obscured to hospitals and physicians. Social sustainability, the recognition of and a commitment to, ensure that new medical devices are available to all patients and that the manufacture, use, and disposal of medical devices does not harm others, particularly vulnerable populations. Physicians and hospitals deliberating the adoption of single-use endoscopes should carefully consider the full extent of sustainability and long-term consequences in their discussions.
The Indecisive Sales Manager: An Abstract

Participative leadership has become the norm where the leader acts as a coach to set clear directions and orchestrates company resources and actively seeks salespeople’s suggestions and ideas in his/her decision-making process. However, this supporting style can become ineffective when the sales manager seeks the collective wisdom of his/her salespeople but is unable to follow through and act on it. This study examines how a manager’s inability to make timely decisions can impair their sales team’s motivation and negatively impact their job performance.
Sustaining Abstinence from Social Media: Results from a Seven-Day Facebook Break: Social Media Abstinence

The increasing use of social media has created adverse outcomes for individuals, and society, which prompted many to take actions to reduce it back to healthy levels of use. However, little is known about how individuals may take a break (i.e., abstain) from use and how such behaviors can be sustained. In this study, we report the results of a study, in which participants took up to seven days of voluntary break from Facebook use. Drawing from the stimulus-organism-response model, we propose a research model to formulate the relationships between social media addiction, cognitive dissonance, attitude toward use, positive and negative affect during abstinence, and sustaining of social media abstinence, as measured by its duration. Analysis of data collected from 533 participants provides support for the model and hypotheses.
Community-Based Breast Cancer Screening Using Digital Breast Tomosynthesis Versus Digital Mammography: Comparison of Screening Performance and Tumor Characteristics.

Background: Prior studies comparing screening by digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and digital mammography (DM) have largely entailed prospective trials and investigations at tertiary academic centers, which may encounter high risk patient populations and lack heterogeneity among interpreting radiologists. Thus, results may not generalize across real-world community settings in the United States. Objective: To compare DBT and DM in terms of screening performance and tumor characteristics of screen-detected cancers, in a community practice setting. Methods: Data were retrospectively retrieved for all screening mammograms performed by DBT or DM at four outpatient private practice facilities from 1/1/2012 to 7/10/2019. Examinations were interpreted by one of 26 radiologists (21 breast radiologists, 5 general radiologists). Further detailed information was recorded from radiology and pathology reports for all screen-detected cancers. Statistical comparisons were performed between DBT and DM in terms of screening performance and tumor characteristics of screen-detected cancers. Results: A total of 310 cancers were detected in 47,096 screening DBT examinations and 83,200 screening DM examinations. Cancer detection rate was higher (p .05). Conclusion: DBT demonstrated a higher cancer detection rate and PPV1 than DM; patients were younger at cancer diagnosis for DBT. Cancers detected on DBT were more often invasive, grade 1, and node-negative. Clinical Impact: The findings support the generalizability of insights into DBT-based screening, which previously have been investigated primarily in academic settings.
What Physics Instructors Might Do to Support Immunosuppressed Students in the Return to In-Person Instruction: Thoughts from one chronically ill and immunosuppressed physicist

As I type, it is late September 2021, and emails are streaming into my inbox about my university’s return to in-person instruction in just a few weeks. I wish I could say I feel excited or relieved or grateful for all of the incredible care that went into planning for this, but I actually just want to scream. Because no matter what we do, we are still in the midst of a global pandemic with variants that are “covered in ultrafast-drying Gorilla super glue” that “make [them] extremely effective in attaching to human cells and gaining entry,” and returning to in-person instruction is not safe. I know this in my gut because I am chronically ill and immunosuppressed, and my survival depends on my careful assessment of risk in this pandemic climate.
Attention, Neural Basis of

Attention, the ability to selectively process sensory information, is generated by the modulation of sensory processes by frontoparietal neural networks. Keywords: competition; bias; selection; binding; cueing; serial search; parallel search; frontoparietal network
On the desertification of the Sahel zone

Ground based measurements which were carried out in the Northern Sahel in southern Tunisia showed the following results:
A Meta Registration Framework for Lesion Matching

A variety of pixel and feature based methods have been proposed for registering multiple views of anatomy visible in studies obtained using diagnostic, minimally invasive imaging. A given registration method may outperform another depending on anatomical variations, imaging conditions, and imaging sensor performance, and it is often difficult a priori to determine the best registration method for a particular application. To address this problem, we propose a registration framework that pools the results of multiple registration methods using a decision function for validating registrations. We refer to this as meta registration. We demonstrate that our framework outperforms several individual registration methods on the task of registering multiple views of Crohn's disease lesions sampled from a Capsule Endoscopy (CE) study database. We also report on preliminary work on assessing the quality of registrations obtained, and the possibility of using such assessment in the registration framework.
Stability Analysis of the Slowed-Rotor Compound Helicopter Configuration

The stability and control of rotors at high advance ratio are considered. Teetering, articulated, gimbaled, and rigid hub types are considered for a compound helicopter (rotor and fixed wing). Stability predictions obtained using an analytical rigid flapping blade analysis, a rigid blade CAMRAD II model, and an elastic blade CAMRAD II model are compared. For the flapping blade analysis, the teetering rotor is the most stable, showing no instabilities up to an advance ratio of 3 and a Lock number of 18. A notional elastic blade model of a teetering rotor is unstable at an advance ratio of 1.5, independent of pitch frequency. Analysis of the trim controls and blade flapping shows that for small positive collective pitch, trim can be maintained without excessive control input or flapping angles.
Pictorial organization versus verbal repetition of children’s prose: Evidence for processing differences

Within the past few years, a number of studies have demonstrated that. children's prose-learning performance can be facilitated through the addition of text-relevant illustrations (e.g., Lesgold, Levin, Shimron, & Guttmann, 1975; Rohwer & Harris, 1975; Guttmann, Levin, & Pressley, in press). In each of these investigations, children who listened to narrative passages in the company of pictures correctly answered substantially more short-answer questions in comparison to
Deprotonations, conjugate additions, and enolate trapping of oxime ethers and dimethylhydrazones using KDA : The effect of diisopropylamine on enolate trapping

Abstract Potassium diisopropylamide (KDA) has been used to efficiently generate the anions of oxime ethers and dimethylhydrazones. As a deprotonating agent, KDA is superior to BuLi and LDA. The corresponding cuprates are extremely oxygen sensitive, but undergo 1,4-addition with cyclohexenone, and the resulting potassium enolates can be trapped with aqueous buffer or ClSiMe 3 . Attempted trapping with either Ac 2 O or AcCl in the presence of diisopropylamine fails.
The Equivalence of Non-Interacting Control System Design Methods in Distillation

Singular Value Analysis has been used to design structural compensators for the material balance control scheme in distillation. The control system obtained is similar to (1) column profile control, (2) implicit decoupling, (3) modal control, (4) output decoupling and, under some conditions, (5) extensive variable control. The material balance control scheme does not require an input compensator because the right singular vectors (input rotation matrix) are naturally aligned with the standard basis vectors. The output compensator (measurement matrix) is designed to create a non-interacting output frame. The resulting control scheme pairs distillate flowrate with the sum of two tray temperatures, and reboiler heat duty with the difference between the tray temperatures.
Identification of a novel human RAD51 homolog, RAD51B.

The highly conserved Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAD51 protein functions in both mitotic and meiotic homologous recombination and in double-strand break repair. Screening of the public cDNA sequence database for RAD51-like genes led to the identification of a partial sequence from a breast tissue library present in the I.M.A.G.E. (Integrated Molecular Analysis of Genes and their Expression) collection. An extended 1764-bp cDNA clone encoding an open reading frame of 350 amino acids was isolated. This clone showed significant amino acid identity with other human RAD51 homologs. The new homolog, named RAD51B, was mapped to human chromosome 14q23-q24.2 using a panel of human-hamster somatic cell hybrids and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Northern blot analysis demonstrated that RAD51B mRNA is widely expressed and most abundant in tissues active in recombination. Functions associated with known RAD51 homologs suggest a role for RAD51B in meiotic recombination and/or recombinational repair. 30 refs., 2 figs.
Symptomatic Splenic Hamartoma: A Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature

Two cases of large, multiple splenic hamartomas in children with pancytopenia, bone marrow hyperplasia, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, frequent infections, growth retardation, and fever are reported. These symptoms were relieved by splenectomy, and have not recurred during follow-up periods of one year and nine years. The sharply circumscribed lesions comprised large portions of the resected spleens and were composed of dilated vascular channels filled with mononuclear cells and iummunoblasts. The lesions lacked splenic cords or trabeculae, lymphoid follicles, Reed-Sternberg cells, and granulomas or other evidence of infection. Splenic hamartomas are usually single small lesions found incidentally at necropsy or laparotomy. Splenic hamartomas associated with symptoms and hypersplenism are large, and often confluent multiple tumors. Recognition of their benign nature is important in light of the current practice of laparotomy for staging and diagnosis of malignant conditions.
Migrainous stroke causing thalamic infarction and amnesia during treatment with propranolol

We report a case of migraine-associated ischemic stroke causing amnesia, wherein treatment with propranolol may have been contributory. The possible mechanisms involved in migrainous stroke occurring in association with use of propranolol are discussed.