cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Feedbacks in a Simple Prognostic Tropical Climate Model

Abstract A simple four-cell model of the tropical atmosphere in equilibrium with its boundaries is introduced, which can support a variable diabatic circulation and prognostic temperature and humidity profiles. The model is used to predict atmospheric perturbations away from the observed base state. Prognostic variables include radiation, surface fluxes, and dynamic transports, with temperature and water vapor levels determined by conservation constraints. The model includes a specially developed water vapor scheme that performs favorably compared with observations. The model is used to simulate the local and nonlocal sensitivity of the tropical maritime atmosphere to changes in surface temperature and other boundary conditions at very large horizontal scales. The main findings are as follows. (i) The sensitivity of boundary layer convergence to sea surface temperature (SST) variations depends on the behavior of convective heating over cooler regions and may be overestimated by heuristic models that ignor...
High-Resolution Metabolomics with Acyl-CoA Profiling Reveals Widespread Remodeling in Response to Diet

The availability of acyl-Coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) thioester compounds affects numerous cellular functions including autophagy, lipid oxidation and synthesis, and post-translational modifications. Consequently, the acyl-CoA level changes tend to be associated with other metabolic alterations that regulate these critical cellular functions. Despite their biological importance, this class of metabolites remains difficult to detect and quantify using current analytical methods. Here we show a universal method for metabolomics that allows for the detection of an expansive set of acyl-CoA compounds and hundreds of other cellular metabolites. We apply this method to profile the dynamics of acyl-CoA compounds and corresponding alterations in metabolism across the metabolic network in response to high fat feeding in mice. We identified targeted metabolites (>50) and untargeted features (>1000) with significant changes (FDR < 0.05) in response to diet. A substantial extent of this metabolic remodeling exhibited correlated changes in acyl-CoA metabolism with acyl-carnitine metabolism and other features of the metabolic network that together can lead to the discovery of biomarkers of acyl-CoA metabolism. These findings show a robust acyl-CoA profiling method and identify coordinated changes of acyl-CoA metabolism in response to nutritional stress.
Prioritizing boreal forest restoration sites based on disturbance regime

Abstract Selection of high priority sites for ecological restoration becomes essential with globally decreasing forest cover following natural and anthropogenic disturbances. A disturbance gradient resulting from native insect ( Choristoneura fumiferana ) outbreaks and non-native moose ( Alces alces ) browsing was studied in balsam fir forest stands in Newfoundland (Canada) to inform land managers where active vs . passive restoration would be most appropriate. The disturbance gradient ranged from small gaps (area 5 ha, which were dominated by grasses, early succession forbs and had abiotic conditions closer to early succession boreal forest, indicating an ecological threshold had been crossed, confirming the need for active restoration. To allow regeneration regardless of gap size, reduction of moose numbers must be continued. Threshold identification in the boreal forest should be based on disturbance regime and used to inform critical areas for future forest restoration strategies. Based on our study, insect outbreak areas >5 ha should be prioritized for active restoration, as the crossing of a biotic threshold indicates that such sites cannot naturally return to pre-disturbance balsam fir forests.
Phenotypic correction of Fanconi anemia group C knockout mice

Fanconi anemia (FA) is a genetic disorder characterized by bone marrow failure, congenital anomalies, and a predisposition to malignancy. FA cells demonstrate hypersensitivity to DNA cross-linking agents, such as mitomycin C (MMC). Mice with a targeted disruption of the FANCC gene (fancc −/− nullizygous mice) exhibit many of the characteristic features of FA and provide a valuable tool for testing novel therapeutic strategies. We have exploited the inherent hypersensitivity offancc −/− hematopoietic cells to assay for phenotypic correction following transfer of the FANCC complementary DNA (cDNA) into bone marrow cells. Murine fancc −/− bone marrow cells were transduced with the use of retrovirus carrying the humanfancc cDNA and injected into lethally irradiated recipients. Mitomycin C (MMC) dosing, known to induce pancytopenia, was used to challenge the transplanted animals. Phenotypic correction was determined by assessment of peripheral blood counts. Mice that received cells transduced with virus carrying the wild-type gene maintained normal blood counts following MMC administration. All nullizygous control animals receiving MMC exhibited pancytopenia shortly before death. Clonogenic assay and polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed gene transfer of progenitor cells. These results indicate that selective pressure promotes in vivo enrichment offancc-transduced hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. In addition, MMC resistance coupled with detection of the transgene in secondary recipients suggests transduction and phenotypic correction of long-term repopulating stem cells.
A concordance of self-reported and performance-based assessments of mobility as a mortality predictor for older Mexican Americans

Aim To assess the efficacy in mortality prediction of a concordance of performance-based (timed 10-foot walk; performance-oriented mobility assessment [POMA]) and self-rated (reported ability to walk across a small room with no help from people or devices; activities of daily living [ADL]) assessments of mobility for Mexican Americans aged 75 years and older. Methods A longitudinal study of 2069 participants aged 75 years and older from the Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiological Study of the Elderly wave 5 (June 2004 to January 2006) and wave 6 (February 2007 to February 2008) was carried out. Sociodemographic variables, performance-based (timed 10-foot walk) and self-rated assessments (reported ability to walk across a small room without the help of any people or devices) of mobility, and mortality data were obtained. Results The ADL/POMA concordance assessment showed a prevalence of the “positively concordant” group (completed the walk and reported being able to walk, ADL and POMA both positive), followed by the “pessimist,” “optimist,” and “negatively concordant” groups at 80.09%, 10.50%, 3.78% and 5.63%, respectively. Logistic regression analyses showed that “negatively concordant” was a critical mortality predictor (OR 4.80; 95% CI 2.59–8.90) followed by “pessimist” (OR 1.94; 95% CI 1.12–3.36) as compared with the reference group, “positively concordant.” Conclusion The ADL/POMA concordance is an effective predictor of mortality for older Mexican Americans in the Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiological Study of the Elderly. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; ●●: ●●–●●.
Improvement of efficiency of the solar-assisted production of a combustible gas mixture from biomass

The possibilities of converting solar energy into chemical energy of hydrogen-containing combustible gases by means of pyrolysis and biomass (BM) gasification, in particular the hazelnut and walnut shell, are considered. Improving the efficiency of the process is also considered. The experimental data on the dependence of the yield of individual components of the obtained gas mixture (H2, CO, CH4) on the temperature is presented. The possibility of lowering the temperature of pyrolysis by ionizing gamma pre-irradiation of BM is assessed.
Creating a Literature for the King's Courts in the Later Thirteenth Century: Hengham Magna, Fet Asaver, and Bracton

ABSTRACTThe early common law produced a rich literature. This article examines two of the most popular legal treatises of the second half of the thirteenth century, Hengham Magna and Fet Asaver. It has long been recognized that these two treatises bear some relationship to each other. This article will attempt to establish that relationship, arguing that Hengham Magna and Fet Asaver were written by different people; that Fet Asaver borrows from Hengham Magna; and that the authors of both texts had independent access to the Bracton treatise. The article concludes by suggesting a new way to think about the legal literature of the later thirteenth century. It suggests that Hengham Magna and Fet Asaver do not represent a dramatic break with the earlier literature of the common law, as some scholars have suggested. They may instead represent an evolution of that literature to serve the needs of the practising bar.
Tryptophan in Artificial Honeydews as a Source of an Attractant for Adult Chrysopa carnea

Two field bioassay methods evaluate components of artificial honeydews as attractants for adult Chrysopa carnea Stephens. Alfalfa fields sprayed in swaths with protein hydrolysates, some containing 95% free amino acids, attracted significantly more C. carnea adults than were arrested by swaths of sucrose sprays, thereby implying that amino acids are the source of an attractant. Of the 10 essential amino acids tested by spot sprayed alfalfa, subsequently covered with sticky screened trap cages, the tryptophan treatments were highly attractive to C. carnea adults. Tryptophan plus sucrose sprayed in alfalfa fields attracted significantly more adults within 24 h than yeast-protein (Bee Wheast) plus sucrose. The addition of tryptophan to nutritional food sprays increases their efficiency as artificial honeydews for manipulation of C. carnea adults in the field. In alfalfa fields with low aphid populations (low amounts of honeydew), food sprays with tryptophan can attract C. carnea adults from an area of at least 2.6 acres into a 0.001 acre area.
Intracisternal Therapy with Tissue Plasminogen Activator for the Prevention of Vasospasm in Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. A Review

Recent laboratory and clinical studies have suggested that intracisternal administration of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) can facilitate the normal clearing of blood form the subarachnoid space and prevent or ameliorate delayed cerebral arterial spasm. Results of a Phase I trial and ongoing clinical experience with this form of treatment are reviewed. All patients were at high risk of vasopasm, with poor clinical grade (Hunt and Hess Grade III to V) and CT scan evidence of a large subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Ventriculostomy and surgery for clipping of the ruptured aneurysm was carried out within 48 hours of hemorrhage.
High-power holmium laser with hard ureteroscopy treatment on kidney stones in upper calyx:a report of 35 cases

Objective To explore the efficacy of high-power holmium laser with hard ureteroscopic treatment on the kidney calyx stones.Method Accu-Tech 60 W high-power holmium laser treatment was combined with the German company Fr8.0/9.8 ureter wolf hard on light microscopy of renal stones in 35 patients(38 sides).The group of 35 patients,aged 28~62 years old,the average of 42.6 years old.Male in 23 cases and female in 12 cases.Results All the patients got complete operation,the average operation time was 32 min,the mean hospital stay was(4±0.46) d.After follow-up of 2~12 months,no recurrence was found.Conclusion High-power holmium laser with hard ureteroscopic treatment on kidney stones in the upper calyx is a feasible micro-invasive,safe and effective method.
The relation between 14bp insersion /deletion polymorphism and genetic background in Shui and Gelao people

Objective: To investigate the relationship between HLA-G gene 14bp insertion /deletion ploymorphism and genetic background in Shui and Gelao population. Methods: PCR amplification and sequencing are used to explore the distribution of 14bp insertion / deletion in HLA-G gene in 340 people of these two ethnic groups. In the mean while,in order to assess the genetic relationship between the Shui and Gelao people,we genotyped 10 microsatelites by capillary electrophoresis in 80 people in these two ethnic groups. Results: The results of 10 microsatellites demonstrate that the two ethnic groups have a similar genetic background. However,the frequencies of 14bp insertion / deletion is statistically different in the two ethnic groups( the frequences of 14bp insertion are as follows: Shui people 0. 455; Gelao,0. 336; χ2= 10. 01,P = 0. 0016). Conclusion: These results suggested that the distribution of 14bp insertion / deletion in different populations does not always have accordance with their genetic backgrounds. Considering the balancing selection during HLA evolution,especially for the southern populations under a strong selection pressure in China,we propose that the balancing selection maybe break the connections between distributions of 14bp and genetic backgrounds in these populations.
Mechanical circulatory support via the left ventricular vent: the concept of left ventricular copulsation.

Left ventricular copulsation was evaluated as a means of circulatory support in an experimental canine cardiogenic shock preparation. Copulsation was effected by a commercially available pulsatile assist device which was attached to an apical left ventricular vent cannula. The hemodynamic effects were compared with those of intra-aortic balloon pumping (IABP) in the same animals. Copulsation produced a 35.6% increase in mean aortic blood pressure, a 32.3% reduction in mean left atrial pressure, a 66.7% increase in cardiac output, and a 76.2% increase in coronary blood flow. The improvement in these variables was significantly greater during left ventricular copulsation than during IABP (p
Phenomic assessment of genetic buffering by kinetic analysis of cell arrays.

Quantitative high throughput cell array phenotyping (Q-HTCP) is applied to the genomic collection of yeast gene deletion mutants for systematic, comprehensive assessment of the contribution of genes and gene combinations to any phenotype of interest (phenomic analysis). Interacting gene networks influence every phenotype. Genetic buffering refers to how gene interaction networks stabilize or destabilize a phenotype. Like genomics, phenomics varies in its resolution with there being a tradeoff allocating a greater number of measurements per sample to enhance quantification of the phenotype vs. increasing the number of different samples by obtaining fewer measurement per sample. The Q-HTCP protocol we describe assesses 50,000–70,000 cultures per experiment by obtaining kinetic growth curves from time series imaging of agar cell arrays. This approach was developed for the yeast gene deletion strains, but it could be applied as well to other microbial mutant arrays grown on solid agar media. The methods we describe are for creation and maintenance of frozen stocks, liquid source array preparation, agar destination plate printing, image scanning, image analysis, curve fitting and evaluation of gene interaction.
Designing Alternative Interactive Techniques to Aid in Prosthetic Rehabilitation for Children

In 2014, a team of University of Central Florida engineering students gained national media exposure when they developed a customized prosthetic 3D printed arm for a six-year-old boy. This team of UCF engineers known as Limbitless Solutions, is a non-profit organization devoted to bringing designers together who aim to use their skills to improve the world around them. Using their vast knowledge of engineering and multiple 3D printing facilities they are able to create cheap, and accessible prosthetics for children. In the late spring of 2015, the School of Visual Arts and Design (SVAD) was approached by Limbitless Solutions to assist in the further design development of their products. Limbitless reached out to SVAD to obtain students who could customize and design personalized decorations on the prosthetics to suit their recipient. During those initial meetings it became clear that there was a great opportunity for collaboration between the School of Visual Arts and Design and Limbitless. Limbitless showed interest in the Game Design program at SVAD and proposed a research opportunity to integrate the controls of the Limbitless prosthetic arm with game developed by SVAD students. When the children receive their prosthetic, many of them still need to learn or, in many cases, relearn elements such as grabbing, squeezing and other range of movement with their newly fitted prosthetic, the games developed by SVAD are used to train these movements.
Epic Nostalgia: The Ballads of the Cancionero musical de palacio and the Vihuela Songbooks

Seven vihuela books, containing more than two hundred secular songs in five different languages, provide the only surviving examples of what was a widespread and extraordinarily popular practice of playing vihuela music in the sixteenth century. The vihuelists, their songbooks, and the dates and cities of publication comprise a diverse group that spanned the sixteenth century: Luis Milan, El maestro (Valencia, 1536); Luis de Narvaez, Los seys libros del delphin (Valladolid, 1538); Alonso Mudarra, Tres libros de musica (Sevilla, 1546); Enriquez de Valderrabano, Silva de sirenas (Valladolid, 1547); Diego Pisador, Libro de musica de vihuela (Salamanca, 1552); Miguel de Fuenllana, Orphenica lyra (Sevilla, 1554); and Esteban Daza, El Parnasso (Valladolid, 1576). Of the one hundred and forty songs in Spanish in these books, there are numerous villancicos, a few ensaladas, some sonnets, and, the focus of this chapter, just over two dozen ballads.1 If this repertoire were to reflect the surviving ballad corpus as a whole, it would be logical to expect these ballads to consist of a typical mix of Carolingian and Arthurian epics, frontier ballads (which tell the news of the Reconquest), chronicles, and courtly love poems. And indeed, such traditional ballads are represented, as well as some with innovative themes taken from the Bible and from Classical antiquity.
Contemporary Quality TV: The Entertainment Experience of Complex Serial Narratives

Lately, so-called quality TV series have been extremely successful—both in terms of audience shares and critical acclaim. Thus, the purpose of this chapter is to define the concept of quality serial television, giving a brief history of its development, systematizing its characteristics, and modeling the entertainment experience. I will argue that quality TV as a culturally bound, discursive construct functions as a meta-genre with concrete implications for selection, experience and possible effects of entertaining quality TV. This argument is summarized in a model of the quality TV entertainment experience.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disorder most prevalent in females of African descent. Auto-antibody production in lupus results in end-organ damage by direct cytotoxicity and immune complex deposition. SLE can affect almost any ocular and adnexal structure. The most common ocular manifestation of SLE is keratoconjunctivitis sicca, which may occur in up to one-third of patients. Retinal involvement typically manifests as cotton wool spots and intraretinal hemorrhages. However, a subset of patients develop severe vaso-occlusive retinopathy, which may result in extensive capillary non-perfusion and retinal neovascularization, and is associated with a poor visual prognosis. The treatment of SLE typically includes systemic immunomodulatory therapy. In addition to conventional immunomodulators, the role of recently developed biologic response modifiers in the management of SLE and its ocular manifestations is currently under investigation.
Liver transplantation in patients with incidental hepatocellular carcinoma/cholangiocarcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a single-center experience.

Background Reports of liver transplantation (LT) in patients with mixed hepatocellular carcinoma/cholangiocarcinoma (HCC/CC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) are modest and have been mostly retrospective after pathological categorization in the setting of presumed HCC. Some studies suggest that patients undergoing LT with small and unifocal ICC or mixed HCC/CC can achieve about 40%–60% 5-year post-transplant survival. The study aimed to report our experience in patients undergoing LT with explant pathology revealing HCC/CC and ICC. Methods From a prospectively maintained database, we performed cohort analysis. We identified 13 patients who underwent LT with explant pathology revealing HCC/CC or ICC. Results The observed recurrence rate post-LT was 31% (4/13) and overall survival was 85%, 51%, and 51% at 1, 3 and 5 years, respectively. Disease-free survival was 68%, 51%, and 41% at 1, 3 and 5 years, respectively. In our cohort, four patients would have qualified for exception points based on updated HCC Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network imaging guidelines. Conclusions Lesions which lack complete imaging characteristics of HCC may warrant pre-LT biopsy to fully elucidate their pathology. Identified patients with early HCC/CC or ICC may benefit from LT if unresectable. Additionally, incorporating adjunctive perioperative therapies such as in the case of patients undergoing LT with hilar cholangiocarcinoma may improve outcomes but this warrants further investigation.
New Genus and 22 New Species of Coelidiine Leafhoppers from Peru with New Distribution Records (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Coelidiinae)

ABSTRACT A new genus, Paradicodia, type species, Paradicodia eminentia, sp. nov. and 22 new species in ten genera and four tribes in the subfamily Coelidiinae from Peru are elucidated. These include the following: Paradicodia eminentia, P. bispiculata, P. lineata, Evansolidia semibulbata, Crassinolanus bulbatus, Dialodia undulata, (Coelidiini); Stalolidia prodignatia, Stalolidia oblongata, Hastalidia retrorsa, Docalidia multipenna, D. acinacea, D. unica, D. lunata, D. ata, D. soulierae, D. rodriguezi, D. trispinata, D. quadrata, D. vansweringeni (Teruliini); Sandersellus flexus (Sandersellini); Youngolidia undulata and Y. bifurcata (Youngolidiini). New records for Peru include the following species: Docalidia dentula (Metcalf), Dicodia germari Nielson, Megalidia elongata Nielson and Boliviela inflata (DeLong).
Using GoPro to Give Video-Assisted Operative Feedback for Surgery Residents: A Feasibility and Utility Assessment.

Objective As an adjunct to simulation-based teaching, laparoscopic video-based surgical coaching has been an effective tool to augment surgical education. However, the wide use of video review in open surgery has been limited primarily due to technological and logistical challenges. The aims of our study were to (1) evaluate perceptions of general surgery (GS) residents on video-assisted operative instruction and (2) conduct a pilot study using a head-mounted GoPro in conjunction with the operative performance rating system to assess feasibility of providing video review to enhance operative feedback during open procedures. Design GS residents were anonymously surveyed to evaluate their perceptions of oral and written operative feedback and use of video-based operative resources. We then conducted a pilot study of 10 GS residents to assess the utility and feasibility of using a GoPro to record resident performance of an arteriovenous fistula creation with an attending surgeon. Categorical variables were analyzed using the chi-square test. Setting Academic, tertiary medical center. Participants GS residents and faculty. Results A total of 59 GS residents were anonymously surveyed (response rate = 65.5%). A total of 40% ( n = 24) of residents reported that structured evaluations rarely or never provided meaningful feedback. When feedback was received, 55% ( n = 32) residents reported that it was only rarely or sometimes in regard to their operative skills. There was no significant difference in surveyed responses among junior postgraduate year (PGY 1-2), senior (PGY 3-4), or chief residents (PGY-5). A total of 80% ( n = 8) of residents found the use of GoPro video review very or extremely useful for education; they also deemed video review more useful for operative feedback than written or communicative feedback. An overwhelming majority (90%, n = 9) felt that video review would lead to improved technical skills, wanted to review the video with the attending surgeon for further feedback, and desired expansion of this tool to include additional procedures. Conclusions Although there has been progress toward improving operative feedback, room for further improvement remains. The use of a head-mounted GoPro is a dynamic tool that provides high-quality video for operative review and has the potential to augment the training experience of GS residents. Future studies exploring a wide array of open procedures involving a greater number of trainees will be needed to further define the use of this resource.
Variation in the ecstatic display call of the Gentoo Penguin (Pygoscelis papua) across regional geographic scales

ABSTRACT Geographic variation in bird vocalizations is common and has been associated with genetic differences and speciation, as well as with short-term changes in response to anthropogenic noise. Because vocalizations are used for individual recognition in many species, geographic variation in these traits may affect mate choice, pair bonding, and territory defense. Anecdotal evidence suggests the existence of geographic variation in vocalizations between isolated populations of Gentoo Penguins (Pygoscelis papua), but there have been no comprehensive studies of Gentoo Penguin vocalizations across a broad geographic range. We used acoustic recordings of ambient colony sound at 22 breeding colonies in the Antarctic Peninsula and South Shetland Islands, South Georgia, the Falkland Islands, and Argentina to address 2 main questions regarding Gentoo Penguin vocalizations: (1) How do ecstatic display calls vary both within and between individuals, colonies, and regions? (2) Can ecstatic display calls be used ...
Active metasurfaces based on phase-change memory material digital metamolecules

Tunable metasurfaces are a promising candidate for the next generation of spatial light modulators which will require higher refresh rates, smaller pixel sizes, and compact form factors. Phase-change memory materials present a unique platform for nonvolatile reconfigurable metasurfaces which could undergo phase transitions at MHz frequencies if actuated electrically, more than three orders of magnitude higher than refresh rates of existing commercial SLMs. While stable intermediate phases of GeSbTe (GST) exist which can be used for imparting differential phase shifts, the stochasticity of the material properties would limit the robustness of such a phase shifter, whereas the fully crystalline and amorphous states exhibit more consistent behavior. To overcome this, we design GST digital metamolecules comprising constituent meta-atoms which individually are in either the SET or RESET state, but which together form a tunable metamolecule with a set of robust phase shifts. We simulate active metasurface lenses based on these metamolecules, showing successful focusing, and demonstrate nano-patterning of a GST film with isolated nanoposts of material which could be electrically actuated, unlike counterparts which must be optically reconfigured.
Cultural factors and oral health-related quality of life among dentate adults: Hispanic community health study/study of Latinos.

Objective: Research on the relationships between acculturation, ethnic identity, and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL) among the U.S. Hispanic/Latino population is sparse. The aim of thi...
Stem Cells in Alzheimer’s Disease: Current Standing and Future Challenges

To date, there is no definitive treatment for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The realm of stem cells is very promising in regenerative medicine, particularly for neurodegenerative diseases. Various types of stem cells have been used in preclinical/clinical trials for AD aiming the development of an elusive disease modifying therapy. Over the last decade, much knowledge has been gained in this field regarding types of cells, routes and timing of administration, and outcomes of stem cells-based strategies for AD. In this chapter, we will trace the state of art and the challenges facing the use of stem cells in AD.
Redundancies in Protein Sequences

At one point in the history of protein chemistry it was thought that—because of the vast number of possible sequences—proteins ought to exist in a countless number of forms befitting any conceivable function or structure. In fact, as the number of known amino acid sequences continues to mount, it is becoming abudantly clear that there is a practical limit to the number of types of protein structures that exist in living systems on Earth. Thus, although the number of possible sequences for 20 amino acids arranged randomly in strings of 350 units is a superastronomical 20350, certainly nowhere near that number of protein sequences has ever or will ever exist. Instead, a small number of genetically encoded protein structures has been expanded by the general route of “duplication and modification.” The duplications come in various degrees, from the very short to the supragenic or chromosomal. Postduplication modification mostly takes the form of base substitutions leading to amino acid replacement, and, theoretically, the history of any protein ought to be evident by appropriate comparison of the diverging sequences.
Electrical Resistivity and Crystallization of Amorphous Metglas 2826 and Metglas 2826A

Electrical resistivity (ρ) of amorphous METGLAS 2826 and METGLAS 2826A has been studied as a function of temperature (T) between 78K and 900K. The ρ vs. T curves exhibit anomalies at elevated temperatures where these materials undergo a transition from the amorphous to the crystalline state. This study shows that the electrical resistivity is a sensitive probe for investigations of the crystallization process.
The Fourth Hill of Life: American Indian/Alaska Native Elders

The experience of American Indian/Alaska Native Elders is explored through an Indigenous lens from early childhood through the end of life. As the transmitters of culture and knowledge, Elders gain wisdom from a lifetime of experiences embedded in traditional culture and community. Intergenerational trauma has impacted Indigenous communities with 22 % of the population experiencing Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. In spite of this trauma, the role of Elders in Indigenous communities has remained strong. Elders play a critical role in passing on traditions to children and insuring that tribal communities retain their history and identity. The Anishinaabe Grandfather teachings of wisdom, love, respect, bravery, honesty, humility, and truth are shared as examples of the lessons that Elders learn throughout their lives and pass on to future generations.
Phenotypic Variation within Genetically Homogeneous Populations: Responsiveness to Toxicants

Phenotypic variation in mammalian populations reflects not only genetic variability due to allelic and chromosomal differences but also the expressivity of genotypes. Expressivity is defined as the range of phenotypes expressed by a given genotype under any given set of environmental conditions or over a range of environmental conditions.1 This type of phenotypic variation and its possible physiological and molecular bases are the subject of this discussion. The strain-associated susceptibility to tissue-specific lesions, which also is reflected in the responsiveness to toxic insults, is an example of this type of variation. It is of practical relevance to risk assessment if only because sample sizes and dose levels in subchronic and chronic toxicity assays depend on the relative responsiveness of the inbred or F-1 hybrid test animal population used. This type of phenotypic variation is present in genetically heterogeneous populations but there it is inextricably confounded with the variation due to genetic differences. Therefore, its molecular and physiological components can only be defined in genetically homogeneous populations, e.g., inbred strains or their F-l hybrids. Once defined, however, they can be incorporated in the design of studies using genetically heterogeneous test animal populations.
The treatment of limited small cell lung cancer: a report of the progress made and future prospects

The improvements in the treatment of small cell lung cancer over the last 30 years have been realised by understanding that it is a systemic disease, but that areas of bulk and sanctuary require a complementary therapy. Despite successful strategies using combinations and thoracic radiotherapy, there remains uncertainty about what the best regimens are, their timing and their intensity. However, earlier concurrent therapy and rather brief intense chemotherapy and radiotherapy seem to produce the best results in moderately fit patients of all ages. How to select the fit patients and what to do about the less fit ones remains controversial and have economic consequences for governments and payers. Despite a meta-analysis demonstrating the success of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI), doubts linger about its safety, despite nothing more than anecdotal evidence from a previous era. The role of surgery continues to be explored, more in Europe than North America or Asia. Strategies for treatment of minimum residual disease seem a focus. New drugs, molecular targeted therapy, immunotherapy and other molecular therapies offer promise and theory, but there is little evidence about their place in the treatment protocols of today.
An application of linear superposition to estimating lattice-physics parameters

A linear superposition model (LSM) for the speedy and accurate estimation of lattice-physics parameters during within-bundle 'pin-by-pin' loading optimization calculations of light water reactor nuclear fuel assemblies has been developed. The LSM has been implemented into the FORMOSA-L code, and typical results show that the run-time requirements can be reduced by at least an order of magnitude relative to performing direct lattice-physics evaluations with the CPM-2 or CASMO-3 code. Moreover, the speedups noted include all overhead expenses associated with the direct lattice-physics calculations required to construct the LSM sensitivity libraries. Additionally, accuracy improvements to the LSM are achieved by inclusion of higher-order cross terms and via quadratic interpolation when perturbing continuous variables. Also, it is shown that the errors generated by this first-order accurate technique can be kept well under control by treating material and spatial shuffles separately during optimizations. The results obtained indicate that the LSM can effectively substitute for direct lattice-physics evaluations throughout the entire optimization process without noticeable loss of fidelity. Finally, both synchronous and asynchronous implementations of parallel computing via the remote-procedure-call approach have been studied to further speed up the creation of LSM sensitivity libraries within FORMOSA-L.
I’m.a.Gene: Destined for a Career in the Sciences

Please don’t laugh, my parents named me Margaret “Imogene” Kanipes. Imogene is pronounced as “im-uh-jeen.” Webster’s Dictionary defines a gene as “a unit of DNA that is usually located on a chromosome and that controls the development of one or more traits and is the basic unit by which genetic information is passed from parent to offspring.” So you see, I was destined for a career in the sciences. Bob Goshen said, “Leaders should…influence others…in such a way that it builds people up, encourages and edifies them so they can duplicate this attitude in others.” I am who I am today, because of great mentors throughout my life and career. My goals have ALWAYS been to mentor and shape young people into great scientists. I feel that it is so important for me to pay it forward and hopefully my mentees will do likewise.
Objection: Disgust, Morality, and the Law (Chapter 1)

Why do we consider incest wrong, even when it occurs between consenting adults unable to have children? Why are words that gross us out more likely to be deemed "obscene" and denied the protection of the First Amendment? In a world where a gruesome photograph can decisively influence a jury and homosexual behavior is still condemned by some as "unnatural," it is worth asking: is our legal system really governed by the power of reason? Or do we allow a primitive human emotion, disgust, to guide us in our lawmaking? In Objection, psychologists Debra Lieberman and Carlton Patrick examine disgust and its impact on the legal system to show why the things that we find stomach-turning so often become the things that we render unlawful. Shedding light on the evolutionary and psychological origins of disgust, the authors reveal how ancient human intuitions about what is safe to eat or touch, or who would make an advantageous mate, have become co-opted by moral systems designed to condemn behavior and identify groups of people ripe for marginalization. Over time these moral stances have made their way into legal codes, and disgust has thereby served as the impetus for laws against behaviors almost universally held to be "disgusting" (corpse desecration, bestiality) - and as the implicit justification for more controversial prohibitions (homosexuality, use of pornography). Written with a critical eye on current events, Lieberman and Patrick build a case for a more reasoned approach to lawmaking in a system that often confuses "gross" with "wrong."
Nonmutational mechanism of inheritance in the Archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus .

Epigenetic phenomena have not yet been reported in archaea, which are presumed to use a classical genetic process of heritability. Here, analysis of independent lineages of Sulfolobus solfataricus evolved for enhanced fitness implicated a non-Mendelian basis for trait inheritance. The evolved strains, called super acid-resistant Crenarchaeota (SARC), acquired traits of extreme acid resistance and genome stability relative to their wild-type parental lines. Acid resistance was heritable because it was retained regardless of extensive passage without selection. Despite the hereditary pattern, in one strain, it was impossible for these SARC traits to result from mutation because its resequenced genome had no mutation. All strains also had conserved, heritable transcriptomes implicated in acid resistance. In addition, they had improved genome stability with absent or greatly decreased mutation and transposition relative to a passaged control. A mechanism that would confer these traits without DNA sequence alteration could involve posttranslationally modified archaeal chromatin proteins. To test this idea, homologous recombination with isogenic DNA was used to perturb native chromatin structure. Recombination at up-regulated loci from the heritable SARC transcriptome reduced acid resistance and gene expression in the majority of recombinants. In contrast, recombination at a control locus that was not part of the heritable transcriptome changed neither acid resistance nor gene expression. Variation in the amount of phenotypic and expression changes across individuals was consistent with Rad54-dependent chromatin remodeling that dictated crossover location and branch migration. These data support an epigenetic model implicating chromatin structure as a contributor to heritable traits.
Role of Gonococcal Neisserial Surface Protein A (NspA) in Serum Resistance and Comparison of Its Factor H Binding Properties with Those of Its Meningococcal Counterpart

Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the causative agent of gonorrhea, has evolved several mechanisms to subvert complement, including binding of the complement inhibitor factor H (FH). We previously reported FH binding to N. gonorrhoeae independently of lipooligosaccharide (LOS) sialylation. Here we report that factor H-like protein 1 (FHL-1), which contains FH domains 1 through 7 and possesses complement-inhibitory activity, also binds to N. gonorrhoeae The ligand for both FH and FHL-1 was identified as neisserial surface protein A (NspA), which has previously been identified as a ligand for these molecules on Neisseria meningitidis As with N. meningitidis NspA (Nm-NspA), N. gonorrhoeae NspA (Ng-NspA) bound FH/FHL-1 through FH domains 6 and 7. Binding of FH/FHL-1 to NspA was human specific; the histidine (H) at position 337 of domain 6 contributed to human-specific FH binding to both Ng- and Nm-NspA. FH/FHL-1 bound Nm-NspA better than Ng-NspA; introducing Q at position 73 (loop 2, present in Ng-NspA) or replacing V and D at positions 112 and 113 in Nm-NspA loop 3 with A and H (Ng-NspA), respectively, reduced FH/FHL-1 binding. The converse Ng-NspA to Nm-NspA mutations increased FH/FHL-1 binding. Binding of FH/FHL-1 through domains 6 and 7 to N. gonorrhoeae increased with truncation of the heptose I (HepI) chain of LOS and decreased with LOS sialylation. Loss of NspA significantly decreased serum resistance of N. gonorrhoeae with either wild-type or truncated LOS. This report highlights the role for NspA in enabling N. gonorrhoeae to subvert complement despite LOS phase variation. Knowledge of FH-NspA interactions will inform the design of vaccines and immunotherapies against the global threat of multidrug-resistant gonorrhea.
Scaling Study of High Frequency Machine for Electric Aircraft Propulsion

High-frequency, ‘air-core’ machine topologies is found to have advantages in specific power for high-speed applications. The benefit in lower weight of the motor is especially attractive when considered for aerospace application, such as electric propulsion for aircraft. In this paper, we explore how these machines scale to electric propulsion systems at a range of speeds. Analytical model used to calculate magnetic and electric loading is detailed. Iron loss and copper loss model characterization is presented. An evolutionary genetic algorithm is utilized to study the effect of speed on weight of the topology. The results show that the air-core topology mantains high specific power even at lower speeds.
Potential Use of Artificial Intelligence for Regulatory Intelligence: Biopharmaceutical Industry's Views.

Background:Pharmaceutical companies rely on regulatory intelligence (RI) to analyze information from internal and external sources. To facilitate RI activities, companies are seeking ways to harnes...
Private Benefits of Conservation and Procurement Auction Performance

Payment-for-ecosystem services programs may use auctions to procure ecosystem services for cost-effective conservation. Conservation practices that generate private benefits (e.g., on-site benefits of erosion prevention) can reduce the effective cost of participation for landowners, and the inclusion of these services in the auction scoring criteria could increase overall cost-effectiveness for the buyer. However, the potential cost-effectiveness gain of including these private-benefit conservation practices may not be fully realized, as increased heterogeneity in the net cost of participation may reduce competition. Our induced-value laboratory experiment explores the impact of heterogeneous private benefits of conservation on auction cost-effectiveness when conservation practice choice is endogenous to offer formation. Heterogeneity in the private benefits of conservation across the landscape generates variation in competition levels across bidders that can lead to increased rent-seeking by bidders with substantial private benefits.
Grotesque Images in Fashion Ads: An Exploration of the Effect of Grotesque Images on Narrative Engagement

This paper explores the effect of grotesque fashion ads (a combination of drama and aesthetic elements) on two dimensions of narrative engagement: narrative presence, a process in which individuals leave their previous knowledge and are adsorbed by the narrative [6] and emotional engagement, which refers to the emotional attachment caused by the narrative [3]. Results of this experiment found that there are no significant differences on narrative presence and emotional engagement based on exposure to a grotesque ad vs. non-grotesque ad. However, participants exposed to the non-grotesque ad reported higher brand attitudes and purchase intentions than those exposed to the grotesque ad. I also, found that only narrative presence significantly affects brand attitudes when both variables are included in the regression model (narrative presence and emotional engagement). Finally, brand attitudes positively influence purchase intentions.
The organic materials system: Toward making practical choices

—The making of practical choices regarding materials and processes can be assisted by increasing the prior effort put into analysis of the options and outcomes. This paper discusses three levels at which such analyses can be done. Most of our attention is devoted to how people have been learning to determine alternatives at the level of specific materials and processes already available by looking at primary and secondary demands entailed by each alternative. Here one determines productivities and elasticities in physical terms. At the second level one can help to allocate research and development effort by using criteria from thermodynamics to determine how much leverage for improvement each stage of a process has. Third (and this is discussed only very briefly) we may trace the total social costs much more effectively if we know what the physical demands of each alternative will be. At this stage it is important to recognize that we do not necessarily need to know the cost accurately, only accurately enough to know how sensitive our choice is to them. Examples are given throughout.
Preventive chemotherapy and anthelmintic resistance of soil-transmitted helminths - Can we learn nothing from veterinary medicine?

Abstract Current parasite control programs in veterinary species have moved away from mass anthelmintic treatment approaches due to the emergence of significant anthelmintic resistance (AR), and the availability of few classes of anthelmintics. A number of parallels between livestock and human helminths exist that warn of the risk of AR in human soil-transmitted helminthiases, yet current public health interventions continue to prioritize mass treatment strategies, a known risk factor for AR. This review discusses the existing parallels between human and animal helminth biology and management, along with current public health recommendations and strategies for helminth control in humans. The effectiveness of current recommendations and alternative management strategies are considered.
Make Your Move Experience: A Worksite Wellness Pilot in South Texas.

Purpose:To describe the implementation of Make Your Move Experience (MYME) between 2015 and 2017.Design:Cross-sectional.Setting:Make Your Move Experience is a culturally sensitive worksite wellness...