cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adding the “Symbolic” to Interactionist Practice: A Theoretical Elaboration of William Schwartz' Legacy to Group Workers

Symbolic interactionism is one of the premier theoretical perspectives on group life, but group work theorists have neglected it. This article provides metatheoretical reflections on the legacy of William Schwartz and the stalled project of theorizing about the communicative foundation of groups. Exemplars in the interactionist tradition are profiled, and their conceptual and practical contributions to a “symbolic” interactionist group theory are highlighted. The structure of interactionist theory is mapped, and a set of distinctive concepts and assumptions organized around the construct of symbolic practices is presented. The article concludes with a call to group workers to harvest the fruits of the interactionist theoretical and research program.
Asymptotic distribution of regression type estimators of parameters of stable laws

Asymptotic distributions of regression-type estimators for the parameters of stable distributions am obtained. The asymptotic normalized standard deviations of the estimators are computed for various values of the parameters and various choices of the number of points used in getting the regression estimates.
Architecture of a coupled expert system for optimum design of plate girder bridges

Abstract A prototype knowledge-based expert system has been developed for optimum design of steel plate girders used in highway bridges. This expert system, called PG-BRIDGE1, is a coupled system in which AI-based symbolic processing is combined with the traditional numerical processing. Plate girders can be unstiffened or stiffened with single- or doublesided transverse stiffeners. They can be homogeneous or hybrid, made of high-strength flange plates and low-strength web plate. A mathematical optimization algorithm has been developed for minimum weight design of plate girders using the generalized geometric programming technique. The basis of design is the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) specifications. The plate girders are subjected to the live (moving) loads of the AASHTO specifications. The knowledge base and symbolic processing has been developed using the Expert System Development Environment (ESDE). Numerical processing for structural analysis, optimization algorithm and graphics interface have been developed in FORTRAN 77.
Quenching of p-Cyanophenylalanine Fluorescence by Various Anions.

Abstract To expand the spectroscopic utility of the non-natural amino acid p -cyanophenylalanine (Phe CN ), we examine the quenching efficiencies of a series of commonly encountered anions toward its fluorescence. We find that iodide exhibits an unusually large Stern–Volmer quenching constant, making it a convenient choice in Phe CN fluorescence quenching studies. Indeed, using the villin headpiece subdomain as a testbed we demonstrate that iodide quenching of Phe CN fluorescence offers a convenient means to reveal protein conformational heterogeneity. Furthermore, we show that the amino group of Phe CN strongly quenches its fluorescence, suggesting that Phe CN could be used as a local pH sensor.
RAPIDLY FORMING APATITIC MINERAL IN AN OSTEOBLASTIC CELL LINE (UMR 106-01 BSP)

This study evaluated a rapid biomineralization phenomenon exhibited by an osteoblastic cell line, UMR 106-01 BSP, when treated with either organic phosphates [beta-glycerophosphate (beta-GP), Ser-P, or Thr-P], inorganic phosphate (P(i)), or calcium. In a dose-dependent manner, these agents (2-10 mM) stimulated confluent cultures to deposit mineral in the cell layer (ED50 of approximately 4.6 mM for beta-GP (30 +/- 2 nmol Ca2+/microgram DNA) and approximately 3.8 mM (29 +/- 2 nmol Ca2+/microgram DNA) for P(i)) with a plateau in mineral formation by 20 h (ET50 approximately 12-15 h). beta-GP or P(i) treatment yielded mineral crystals having an x-ray diffraction pattern similar to normal human bone. Alizarin red-S histology demonstrated calcium mineral deposition in the extracellular matrix and what appeared to be intracellular paranuclear staining. Electron microscopy revealed small, needle-like crystals associated with fibrillar, extracellular matrix deposits and intracellular spherical structures. Mineral formation was inhibited by levamisole (ED50 approximately 250 microM), pyrophosphate (ED50 approximately 1-10 microM), actinomycin C1 (500 ng/ml), cycloheximide (50 micrograms/ml), or brefeldin A (1 microgram/ml). These results indicate that UMR 106-01 BSP cells form a bio-apatitic mineralized matrix upon addition of supplemental phosphate. This process involves alkaline phosphatase activity, ongoing RNA and protein synthesis, as well as Golgi-mediated processing and secretion.
Removing pharmaceuticals and endocrine‐disrupting compounds from wastewater by photocatalysis

Widespread concerns continue to be raised about the increasing presence of emerging contaminants in the environment. Such compounds include a wide range of persistent organic chemicals, including pharmaceuticals and endocrine-disrupting compounds whose effects are poorly known, often because they have only begun to enter the environment and are showing up in wastewater treatment plants. The occurrence and behavior of these compounds in wastewater are key issues with regard to water reclamation and reuse. Treatment plants are now faced with the challenge of removing the compounds from their effluent before they enter natural waterways. In this regard, photocatalysis is a promising technology for wastewater treatment that offers many advantages over conventional and some advanced treatment options. The application of photocatalysis for the removal of pharmaceuticals and endocrine-disrupting compounds for wastewater is comprehensively surveyed in this paper. This treatment technology is not intended to replace conventional systems but to supplement for higher-quality effluent. The assessment places emphasis on the process fundamentals, advantages, and disadvantages of the technology. It also focuses on the current limitations and future research needs. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Optical Modeling of the Alignment and Test of the NASA James Webb Space Telescope

Optical modeling challenges of the ground alignment plan and optical test and verification of the NASA James Webb space telescope are discussed. Issues such as back-out of the gravity sag of light-weighted mirrors, as well as the use of a sparse-aperture auto-collimating flat system are discussed. A walk-through of the interferometer based alignment procedure is summarized, and sensitivities from the sparse aperture wavefront test are included as examples.
The smallest graphs with certain adjacency properties

A graph is said to have property P"1,"n if for every sequence of n + 1 points, there is another point adjacent only to the first point. It has previously been shown that almost all graphs have property P"1,"n. It is easy to verify that for each n, there is a cube with this property. A more delicate question asks for the construction of the smallest graphs having property P"1,"n. We find that this problem is intimately related with the discovery of the highly symmetric graphs known as cages, and are thereby enabled to resolve this question for 1=
Abstract 1948: Human papillomavirus enhances oral cancer stem cell phenotype by regulating microRNA-181

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA High-risk human papillomaviruses (e.g., HPV-16 and HPV-18) are closely associated with the development of human head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), including malignant lesions in the oral cavity. However, less is known about the possible role and the underlying mechanisms of HPV in enhancing cancer progression and promoting the virulence of cancer, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play crucial role in cancer progression, metastasis and recurrence, and are epigenetically regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs). Recent studies demonstrated that miRNA expression is affected by HPV status in HNSCC, suggesting a possible role of HPV in epigenetic regulation of CSCs. In this study, we investigated the role of high-risk HPV on malignant and CSC phenotypes as well as epigenetic regulation in OSCC. Incorporation of HPV-16 whole genome into HPV-negative OSCCs resulted in enhancement of malignant phenotypes (e.g., increased anchorage independent growth, proliferation in organotypic epithelial raft culture, and tumorigenicity in nude mice) and CSC phenotypes (e.g., increased CSC-related markers, self-renewal, and migration/invasion). High-throughput miRNA expression analysis revealed that miRNA-181 family members were significantly underexpressed in the HPV16-harboring OSCCs. HPV-16 downregulated the promoter activity of miR-181a. Furthermore, restoration of miR-181 in the presence of HPV-16 suppressed CSC-like phenotype. Taken together our data indicate that high-risk HPV enhances stemness phenotypes in OSCC by epigenetic regulation of miR-181 expression. Citation Format: Sung Hee Hee Lee, Nicole Rigas, Chang-Ryul Lee, Jiho Han, Reuben Kim, Mo Kang, No-Hee Park, Ki-Hyuk Shin. Human papillomavirus enhances oral cancer stem cell phenotype by regulating microRNA-181. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1948. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1948
Radiographic and functional outcomes following bilateral ankle fusions.

Background:Ankle arthrodesis is considered to be a well-accepted technique for end-stage ankle arthritis. Our purpose was to evaluate outcomes of patients with bilateral ankle arthrodeses with atte...
Nalgene Poly‐Paper as a Label Material

(1974). Nalgene Poly-Paper as a Label Material. The Progressive Fish-Culturist: Vol. 36, No. 4, pp. 238-238.
Mind the GAPs: insights into intestinal epithelial barrier maintenance and luminal antigen delivery

Mind the GAPs: insights into intestinal epithelial barrier maintenance and luminal antigen delivery
Photoinduced Cycloaddition and Ene Reactions of 2,7-Cyclooctadienone: Experimental and Computational Studies of a Cyclopentyl Oxyallyl Intermediate

The photochemical reactions of cyclooctadienone 6 have been studied as a mode of entry to a cyclopentyl−oxyallyl system. Irradiation of cis,cis-2,7-cyclooctadienone 6 results in isomerization to cis,trans-2,7-cyclooctadienone 24. The strained dienone 24 is stable at −70 °C, but undergoes conrotatory cyclization at temperatures above −30 °C to the cis-bicyclo[3.3.0]oxyallyl system 25. The density functional theory (DFT) structural optimizations for 6, 24, and 25 at the 6-31G* B3LYP level yielded energies, selected geometric parameters, and charge/spin population data. The oxyallyl intermediate reacts with vinyl ethers in a stepwise fashion to give bridged and fused tricyclic products with defined stereochemistry at the ring junctures. Simple alkenes react with 25 in a concerted ene reaction to give bicyclic products. An explanation is offered to harmonize the traditional zwitterionic view of oxyallyl systems with the current computational assessment of oxyallyls as diradical species.
Research-informed evidence and support for road safety legislation: Findings from a national survey

Public opinion is influential in the policymaking process, making it important to understand the factors that influence popular support or opposition to public health policies. Researchers and policymakers tend to agree that scientific evidence can inform decision-making, but this influence has not been explored sufficiently, especially in the area of injury prevention. This paper considers the potential for the communication of evidence-based research and public health data to influence opinion about legislation that could reduce road-related injury. We conducted a nationally-representative online survey to assess public attitudes toward four road-safety laws; ignition interlock, school zone red-light cameras, restrictions on infotainment systems, and children's bicycle helmets. For each law, we assessed initial support and then provided a research-informed statistic on either the injury risk posed or the law's efficacy reducing risk and re-examined the law's support or opposition. The survey was completed by 2397 U.S. adults. Each law was initially supported by a majority of respondents, with greatest support for ignition interlock (74.4%) and children's bicycle helmets (74.8%). Exposure to research-informed statements increased legislative support for 20-30% of respondents. Paired analyses demonstrate significant increases toward supportive opinions when comparing responses to the initial and research-informed statements. The study demonstrates considerable public support for evidence-based road-related laws. Overall support was augmented by exposure to research data. Injury prevention practitioners can capitalize on this support in efforts to build support for legislation that would prevent injury. Researchers should be encouraged to expand their efforts to share research results with both the public and policymakers. Language: en
The N-end rule pathway as a nitric oxide sensor controlling the levels of multiple regulators

The conjugation of arginine to proteins is a part of the N-end rule pathway of protein degradation. Three amino (N)-terminal residues—aspartate, glutamate and cysteine—are arginylated by ATE1-encoded arginyl-transferases. Here we report that oxidation of N-terminal cysteine is essential for its arginylation. The in vivo oxidation of N-terminal cysteine, before its arginylation, is shown to require nitric oxide. We reconstituted this process in vitro as well. The levels of regulatory proteins bearing N-terminal cysteine, such as RGS4, RGS5 and RGS16, are greatly increased in mouse ATE1^-/- embryos, which lack arginylation. Stabilization of these proteins, the first physiological substrates of mammalian N-end rule pathway, may underlie cardiovascular defects in ATE1^-/- embryos. Our findings identify the N-end rule pathway as a new nitric oxide sensor that functions through its ability to destroy specific regulatory proteins bearing N-terminal cysteine, at rates controlled by nitric oxide and apparently by oxygen as well.
Unstructured CFD computations on the KSR-1: preliminary results

Abstract We report on our preliminary results for unstructured CFD computations on the KSR-1 parallel processor. While this machine features a virtual shared memory environment, it has been our experience that high performance results for unstructured computations are attainable only when using a message passing paradigm.
The functions of the p53 gene and gene product

p53 is a tumour suppressor protein involved in the regulation of the cell cycle. Mutation of the p53 gene and expression of mutant p53 protein are associated with many types of human neoplasia. Mutational hot spots at specific amino acid residues have been identified, and these hot spot mutations are differentially expressed in tumours of different tissue origins. Mutant p53 proteins exhibit properties that are functionally and biochemically altered from those of the wild-type protein, including increased metabolic stability, loss of DNA and SV40 T antigen-binding ability, and loss of growth suppressive functions. Further characterization of both wild-type and mutant p53 proteins will provide insights into the mechanisms of tumour development.
Quantitative morphology and postsynaptic targets of thalamocortical axons in critical period and adult ferret visual cortex.

Thalamocortical axons segregate into ocular dominance columns several weeks before the onset of critical period plasticity in ferret visual cortex, a stage characterized by anatomical changes in thalamic input as a consequence of abnormal visual stimulation. In search of possible anatomical correlates of this plasticity, we examined, at electron microscope resolution, the morphology and the synapsing and target selection properties of thalamic axons in ferret visual cortex during and after the critical period. Adult thalamocortical terminals visualized by anterograde tract-tracing display significantly larger cross-section areas than terminals at postnatal day (P) 35, P40, and P49 critical period ages. They are also significantly larger than nonthalamocortical terminals, which attain an adult-like size distribution by P40. The synaptic zones of adult thalamocortical terminals are significantly larger than those of critical period terminals. Perforated and invaginated synapses are encountered frequently on thalamic axons in both adulthood and the P40–49 age group. This result contradicts the view that synaptic perforations and spinules are indicative of a capacity for plasticity. It also suggests that at least some morphological features of thalamic terminals attain maturity on a developmental schedule that is independent of critical period plasticity. Connectivity properties of labeled axons, however, suggest an active role for thalamocortical axons in the critical period. In P40, P49, and adult brains, 23%, 17%, and 9%, respectively, of all thalamocortical synapses contact GABAergic interneurons, suggesting that thalamic input is more strongly involved in driving inhibitory circuits in young ages. Furthermore, thalamocortical axons in P35–49 brains form about 60% more synapses per axon length than in adult brains, suggesting that stabilization of thalamic synapses at the end of the critical period may be accompanied by a reduction of synaptic contacts, as well as a reorganization of postsynaptic circuit selectivity. J. Comp. Neurol. 485:11–31, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Coherence, the Rebel Angel

When working against fragmentation in education, we must not confuse coherence with consistency. While consistency implies logical relations and the absence of contradictions, coherence allows for many kinds of connectedness, including associations of ideas and feelings, intimations of resemblance, conflicts and tensions, and imaginative leaps. Coherence–but not consistency–is hospitable to change and imagination, while true to the many facets of concepts and experiences. Educational coherence is found where students and teachers can discover and establish relations among various areas of sensibility, knowledge, and skill, yet where loose ends remain, inviting a reweaving of beliefs and ties to the unknown.
Evaluation of the serotonin receptor blockers ketanserin and methiothepin on the pulmonary hypertensive responses of broilers to intravenously infused serotonin

Abstract The pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension remains incompletely understood. Many factors have been implicated; however, there has been great interest in the potent pulmonary vasoconstrictor serotonin (5-HT) due to episodes of primary pulmonary hypertension in humans triggered by serotoninergic appetite-suppressant drugs. Pulmonary hypertensive patients have elevated blood 5-HT levels and pulmonary vasoconstriction induced by 5-HT is believed to be mediated through 5-HT1B/1D and 5-HT2A receptors that are expressed by pulmonary smooth muscle cells. The vascular remodeling associated with pulmonary hypertension also appears to require the serotonin transporter. We investigated the roles of 5-HT receptor blockers on the development of pulmonary hypertension induced by infusing 5-HT i.v. in broilers. For this purpose, we treated broilers with the selective 5-HT2A receptor antagonist ketanserin (5 mg/ kg of BW) or with the nonselective 5-HT1/2 receptor antagonist methiothepin (3 mg/kg of BW). Receptor blockade was followed by infusion of 5-HT while recording pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary arterial blood flow. The results demonstrate that methiothepin, but not ketanserin, eliminated the 5-HT-induced pulmonary hypertensive responses in broilers. The 5-HT2A receptor does not, therefore, appear to play a role in the 5-HT-induced pulmonary hypertensive responses in broilers. Methiothepin did not inhibit pulmonary vascular contractility per se, because the pulmonary hypertensive response to the thromboxane A2 mimetic U44069 remained intact in methiothepin-treated broilers. Methiothepin will be a useful tool for evaluating the role of 5-HT in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension syndrome (ascites) as well as the onset of pulmonary hypertension triggered by inflammatory stimuli such as bacterial lipolysaccharide.
Cloning of Human RTEF-1, a Transcriptional Enhancer Factor-1- Related Gene Preferentially Expressed in Skeletal Muscle: Evidence for an Ancient Multigene Family

Transcriptional Enhancer Factor-1 (TEF-1) is a transcription factor required for cardiac muscle gene activation. Since ablation of TEF-1 does not abolish cardiac gene expression, we sought to identify a human gene related to TEF-1 (RTEF-1) that might also participate in cardiac gene regulation. A human heart cDNA library was screened to obtain a full-length RTEF-1 cDNA. Fluorescencein situhybridization assigned the RTEF-1 gene to chromosome 12p13.2–p13.3. In contrast, PCR screening of human/rodent cell hybrid panels identified TEF-1 on chromosome 11p15.2, between D11S1315 and D11S1334, extending a region of known synteny between human chromosomes 11 and 12 and arguing for an ancient divergence between these two closely related genes. Northern blot analysis revealed a striking similarity in the tissue distribution of RTEF-1 and TEF-1 mRNAs; skeletal muscle showed the highest abundance of both mRNAs, with lower levels detected in pancreas, placenta, and heart. Phylogenetic analysis of all known TEF-1-related proteins identified human RTEF-1 as one of four vertebrate members of this multigene family and further suggests that these genes diverged in the earliest metazoan ancestors.
The structure of a sulfated glycoprotein of chick allantoic fluid: methylation periodate oxidation

The structure of an antigenic, sulfated glycoprotein from chick chorioallantoic fluid has been investigated by exogalactosidase digestion, methylation and mass spectral analyses, periodate oxidation, and Smith degradation. The main carbohydrate chains are composed of D-galactosyl residues linked at C-3 and 2-acetamido-2-deoxyglucose residues linked at C-4. Fucose and N-acetylneuraminic acid residues are nonreducing terminal groups, and the N-acetylneuraminic acid groups are linked to the D-galactose residues at C-3. Most of the sulfate groups (91% of the sulfate) are located on C-6 of the 2-acetamido-2-deoxyglucose residues, and the rest on C-6 of the D-galactose residues. A large number of the D-galactose residues (36.9% of the total) are present as nonreducing terminal groups and another 21.7% of the D-galactose residues are in penultimate position to the nonreducing terminal N-acetylneuraminic acid residues. Although mild periodate oxidation indicates the presence of D-galactose in furanoside form (5.5% of total D-galactose), no 5-O-methyl derivative of D-galactose was observed on methylation.
Development of a Pumpless Ignitron

This large metal-tank ignitron requires no vacuum pump. Thus it is more flexible for many installations and is simpler to construct. Some of the problems of making the rectifier vacuum-tight and methods for detecting leaks are discussed.
Regulation of hepatic betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase by dietary methionine

Abstract The hepatic activity of betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase is a complex function of the content of methionine in the diet. Enzyme levels are lower in the livers of rats fed a 0.3% methionine diet than in livers of animals maintained on either methionine-free or excessivemethionine (1.0%) rations. The finding that activities are increased at both extremes of the spectrum of dietary methionine intake suggests the possibility that the betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase reaction may function both to maintain tissue concentrations of methionine when intake of this amino acid is limited and to remove homocysteine when methionine intake is excessive.
Black, queer, and looking for a job: an exploratory study of career decision making among self-identified sexual minorities at an urban historically black college/university.

This thematically analyzed study seeks to explore the career decision perceptions of sexual minority college students at an urban historically black college/university (HBCU). This qualitative focus group study delved into how sexual minorities feel their visible variables of race, gender expression, and degree of disclosure influence their career thought process. Theories relative to the study included Krumboltz’s social learning theory of career decision-making, gender role theory, racial socialization, Cass’s homosexual identity model, and impression management. Though participants initially proclaimed they did not allow their sexual minority identity to affect their career decisions, their overall responses indicated otherwise.
The benefits of being mindful: Trait mindfulness predicts less stress reactivity to suppression

Abstract Background and objectives There has been a recent proliferation of research evaluating the efficacy of mindfulness as a clinical intervention. However, there is still little known about trait mindfulness, or how trait mindfulness interacts with maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. The current study further explores the effect of trait mindfulness on emotion regulation, as well as whether specific factors of trait mindfulness are uniquely associated with subjective and autonomic reactivity to stress. Methods Forty-eight healthy male participants were trained in the use of the suppression strategy and then instructed to suppress their responses to the inhalation of a 15% CO2-enriched air mixture for 90 s while their subjective distress and heart rate were recorded. Results After controlling for anxiety-related variables, the ability to provide descriptions of observed experiences predicted less heart rate reactivity to CO2 inhalation, while skillfulness at restricting attention to the present moment was uniquely predictive of less subjective distress. The tendency to attend to bodily or sensory stimuli predicted greater distress during CO2 inhalation. Limitations The inclusion of only healthy males limits the generalizability of study findings. Also, the sample size was relatively small. Conclusions These findings suggest that factors associated with trait mindfulness predict less stress reactivity and distress while engaging in suppression above and beyond other variables that have been shown to predict anxious responding. The implications for emotion and clinical research are discussed.
The B proteins secreted by the tubular accessory sex glands of the male mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor, have sequence similarity to moth pheromone-binding proteins.

Abstract B proteins represent one of the four major protein groups secreted by the tubular accessory glands of adult, male mealworm beetles. They are acidic proteins with an apparent molecular mass of 18.8 kDa. In this paper we present the deduced amino-acid sequences of two, almost identical B proteins, termed B1 and B2. The mature proteins are 118 amino acids long. They contain 11 (B2) or 12 (B1) possible phosphorylation sites and are rich in glutamic acid (16%). Lectin binding experiments indicate the presence of asparagine linked carbohydrate. The secondary structure of the B proteins is predicted to be almost completely a-helical. The B proteins show significant sequence resemblance to a group of pheromone- and odorant-binding proteins in moths and Drosophila , suggesting a role as carrier proteins for lipids.
"So We Adapt Step by Step": Acculturation experiences affecting diabetes management and perceived health for Chinese American immigrants.

This study examines how acculturation affects type 2 diabetes management and perceived health for Chinese American immigrants in the U.S. Acculturation experiences or cultural adaptation experiences affecting diabetes management and health were solicited from an informant group of immigrant patients and their spouses (N = 40) during group, couple and individual interviews conducted from 2005 to 2008. A separate respondent group of immigrant patients and their spouses (N = 19) meeting inclusion criteria reviewed and confirmed themes generated by the informant group. Using interpretive phenomenology, three key themes in patients' and spouses' acculturation experiences were identified: a) utilizing health care, b) maintaining family relations and roles, and c) establishing community ties and groundedness in the U.S. Acculturation experiences reflecting these themes were broad in scope and not fully captured by current self-report and proxy acculturation measures. In the current study, shifting family roles and evaluations of diabetes care and physical environment in the U.S. significantly affected diabetes management and health, yet are overlooked in acculturation and health investigations. Furthermore, the salience and impact of specific acculturation experiences respective to diabetes management and perceived health varied across participants due to individual, family, developmental, and environmental factors. In regards to salience, maintaining filial and interdependent family relations in the U.S. was of particular concern for older participants and coping with inadequate health insurance in the U.S. was especially distressing for self-described lower-middle to middle-class participants. In terms of impact, family separation and relocating to ethnically similar neighborhoods in the U.S. differentially affected diabetes management and health due to participants' varied family relations and pre-migration family support levels and diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds, respectively. Implications for expanding current conceptualizations and measures of acculturation to better comprehend its dynamic and multidimensional properties and complex effects on health are discussed. Additionally, implications for developing culturally-appropriate diabetes management recommendations for Chinese immigrants and their families are outlined.
The Selection and Evaluation of Interpersonal Distances as a Function of Linguistic Styles

Summary In the first of two experiments on interpersonal distance, 40 male and female white American college students listened to a recording of a speaker using four linguistic styles, and for each style placed themselves physically from a silhouette representing the speaker: Results generally supported the hypothesis that Ss would select distances within the ranges of Hall's proxemic model, though intimate and public distances were less extreme than expected (p < .001). A second experiment with 24 similar Ss utilized the same recording with Ss placing checkmarks on a scaled distance form and completing bipolar adjective ratings for each interaction represented. Results strongly corroborated proxemic predictions (p < .001); regressions performed on adjective evaluations indicated Hall's functional descriptions for each distance are also the inferences Ss are likely to draw from the interactions. The findings are discussed in terms of the predictive power of the proxemic model and the need for its inclusio...
Fate of 14C-labeled hydroxyethyl starch in animals

Abstract Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) with 14 C in the hydroxyethyl radical, was injected into mice, rats, and dogs; beta-emission activity was subsequently measured in expired air, blood, urine, and tissues. Only trace amounts (0.03–0.05% of the total injected) were detected in the expired air of mice and rats over a 6-hour period, while in the same respirometer system, about 57% of the activity of d -glucose-1- 14 C was recovered in the expired air of mice similarly injected. Mean distribution of activity in the mice at the 6-hour period amounted to about 50% in blood, 25% in urine, 8% in muscle, and decreasing amounts in individual viscera; about 1.5% was recovered in feces. In dogs, about 80% was recovered in the urine at 12 hours and minimal but measurable amounts were present in the blood for 3–4 weeks. Molecular exclusion chromatography using a column of d -galactose polymer (Sagarose 6) showed that urine samples from one dog contained molecular weight fractions with lower values than the original labeled HES and with a smaller range of values (less polydispersity). A similar molecular weight change was observed when the labeled HES was incubated with saliva.
Comparison of determinants of myocardial oxygen consumption during arm and leg exercise in normal persons

Arm exercise assumes an increasingly important role in clinical cardiology as it is used in both exercise testing and training of patients with coronary artery disease. The effects of arm exercise on myocardial oxygen consumption are not well understood; they may differ from the effects of leg exercise. Previous studies have shown that the ischemic threshold is higher in patients performing arm exercise and leg exercise at the same heart rate-blood pressure product. The contribution of other determinants of myocardial oxygen consumption—left ventricular (LV) peak meridional systolic wall stress and contractility—to these observed differences were studied. Thirty healthy subjects exercised to the same peak rate-pressure product during dynamic upper- and lower-extremity exercise. Peak workload was lower during arm exercise (100 ± 16 W) than during leg exercise (170 ± 21 W, p < 0.001). LV wall stress did not differ during either form of exercise (197 ± 44 vs 204 ± 33 dynes/cm2 × 103, arm vs leg, respectively). This was also true of contractility as assessed by the velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (2.8 ± 0.6 vs 2.5 ± 0.4 circ/s, arm vs leg, respectively) and the preejection period/LV ejection time ratio (0.33 ± 0.11 vs 0.31 ± 0.07, arm vs leg, respectively). Normal subjects exercising to a similar rate-pressure product showed the same levels of LV wall stress and contractility for arm and leg exercise despite the lower workload performed with arm exercise.
Nonelective readmissions of medical patients.

Abstract Because it is difficult to predict the course of patients discharged from the hospital, we studied 1646 consecutive patients discharged from the medicine service to the care of the hospital's medical staff. Conditions serious enough to warrant urgent or emergent (nonelective) readmissions developed in 278 (16.9%) within 90 days. Multivariate analyses including 14 characteristics of patients at the time of discharge showed five to be significantly associated with readmissions: more frequent ER visits in the 6 months prior to admission, higher BUN levels, arterial PO2 Nonelective readmission was found to be a frequent and early complication after hospital discharge. The characteristics identified provide a way to recognize high risk patients for clinical interventions.
Reconstruction of Incident Fields through Scattering Media using Speckle Intensity Correlations over Space

The field incident field on a random scattering slab is reconstructed from speckle intensity correlations over incident field position. This verifies our theory and a method to image fields through heavily scattering media.
Hemodialysis access assessment with intravascular ultrasound.

Abstract Reliable identification and treatment of specific hemodialysis access complications may improve access patency and result in significant cost reduction. Angiography is the gold standard for the evaluation of vascular access; however, it has significant limitations. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is a relatively new technique capable of detecting subtle vascular abnormalities. To investigate the safety, feasibility, and accuracy of IVUS imaging to detect hemodialysis access complications, including stenoses, graft deterioration, and thrombus, we performed 31 IVUS imaging studies in 22 hemodialysis patients. Nineteen studies were performed in the dialysis unit, and 12 studies in the angiography suite. The IVUS catheter was inserted into the graft through the access used for hemodialysis. Findings of 21 studies (17 patients) imaged on the same day by both angiography and IVUS were compared. Grafts and vessels were successfully imaged using IVUS in 29 of 31 studies. There were no adverse effects caused by IVUS. Angiography assessed 17 of 54 vessel segments as normal versus 9 of 54 segments by IVUS ( P P P 2002 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc.
Hydrothorax in congestive heart failure

Abstract At autopsy, of 290 patients with hydrothorax due to congestive heart failure, twentyfour had unilateral right-sided hydrothorax, eleven had unilateral left-sided hydrothorax and 255 had bilateral hydrothorax. Thus, the incidence of right and left hydrothorax was approximately equal as 279 of the 290 patients had right-sided hydrothorax and 266 patients had left-sided hydrothorax. In every category of heart disease except mitral heart disease, combined left and right failure predominated over right failure only. In our series auricular fibrillation was more commonly associated with unilateral left-sided hydrothorax than with unilateral right-sided hydrothorax. Percentage-wise, pulmonary edema was more frequently encountered among those patients with unilateral pleural effusion on the left side than among those with unilateral pleural effusion on the right side.
[3H]dihydroergocryptine binding in rat brain.

[3H]dihydroergocryptine (DHE) appears to bind to α-adrenergic receptor sites in rabbit uterine membranes. We have characterized the binding of [3H]DHE to membranes prepared from rat cerebral cortex, α-Adrenergic agents were less potent and dopamine and serotonin, more potent, in displacing brain DHE binding than in uterus. Furthermore brain DHE binding sites demonstrated less stereospecificity for catecholamines than sites in uterus. Dopamine displaced DHE binding with about the same potency in cerebellar and cerebral cortical membranes, but was 10 times as potent in displacing DHE binding in the striatum. The binding of [3H]DHE in brain is complex and differs significantly from the rabbit uterus. There are two possible explanations for this discrepancy. [3H]DHE may bind a single site in brain with properties differing from known peripheral adrenergic receptors or DHE may bind to multiple sites in brain, sites which may or may not represent other neurotransmitter receptors.
Compliance and complications of clean intermittent catheterization in the spinal cord injured patient

The optimal management of the neuropathic bladder secondary to spinal cord injury remains unsettled. Some have advocated the use of chronic indwelling catheters in tetraplegic patients supposedly due to comparable complication rates with non-indwelling catheter management. We assessed the urological complication and compliance rates in a group of spinal cord injured patients followed over a mean of 5.9 years. Complication rates from clean intermittent catheterization were comparable if not better than the rates previously reported for clean intermittent catheterization and significantly better than chronically catheterized patients. The compliance rate in our series was 71% as determined by the number of patients remaining on clean intermittent catheterization at their last urological follow-up. We conclude that the use of clean intermittent catheterization can provide optimal management of the lower urinary tract in spinal cord injured patients.
Platelet derived growth factor receptor α-positive cells in the tunica muscularis of human colon

An obstacle to understanding motor pathologies of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is that the physiology of some of the cellular components of the gut wall is not understood. Morphologists identified fibroblast-like cells in the tunica muscularis many years ago, but little is known about these interstitial cells because of inadequate techniques to identify these cells. Recent findings have shown that fibroblast-like cells express platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα) in mice and that antibodies for these receptors can be used to label the cells. We used immunohistochemical techniques to study the phenotype and intercellular relationships of fibroblast-like cells in the human colon. Fibroblast-like cells are labelled specifically with antibodies to PDGFRα and widely distributed through the tunica muscularis of human colon. These cells form discrete networks in the region of the myenteric plexus and within the circular and longitudinal muscle layers. Platelet-derived growth factor receptor α+ cells are distinct from c-Kit+ interstitial cells of Cajal and closely associated with varicose processes of neurons expressing substance P (excitatory motor neurons) or neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) (inhibitory motor neurons). Platelet-derived growth factor receptor α+ cells express small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (SK3), which are likely to mediate purinergic neural regulation of colonic muscles. Our data suggest that PDGFRα+ cells may have an important role in transducing inputs from enteric motor neurons. This study identifies reagents and techniques that will allow investigation of this class of interstitial cells and help develop an understanding of the role of PDGFRα+ cells in the human GI tract in health and disease.
Constrained least-squares fitting of the lattice lines in three-dimensional reconstruction of monolayer crystals

Abstract Second-derivative smoothing has been applied to constrained least-squares fitting of the lattice-line data obtained during three-dimensional analysis of monolayer crystals by tilted-view electron microscopy. This has been shown to lead to an algorithm which reliably fits smooth lines to the measured data points, and which is not adversely affected by the gaps which are frequently present in data obtained from a selection of tilted views.
Geriatric considerations for prosthodontic therapy.

The geriatric population is increasing and dentists are needed who are sensitive its problems and technically competent to provide a full rante og complete, fixed, and removable prostheses as well as preventive prosthodontics. The dental profession and schools must prepare today's graduates to meet the dental needs of tomorrow's elderly population including prosthodontic therapy.
Sufficiency in linear time optimal control

Sufficient conditions for linear time optimal control system on compact real intervals in Euclidean n space
Quantitative study of low-frequency hysteresis loops of polarized polycrystalline barium titanate

Ferroelectrics belong to that group of dielectrics which are said to be nonlinear, but a nonlinear dielectric is not necessarily ferroelectric. The statement that a dielectric is nonlinear requires rather careful consideration.1 If the temperature of a ferroelectric ceramic and also the external pressure on it are maintained constant, and if an electric field is applied which is below the saturation level, then the electric displacement D, or equivalently the polarization P, depends not only on the magnitude of the applied field but also on the past history and state of strain of the material. Linear dielectrics are characterized by the unique function D(?) = ?(?)E(?), which does not hold true for nonlinear dielectrics. This implies that when one is dealing with a nonlinear dielectric: (1) frequencies appear in P(t), or in D(t), which are not present in E(t); and/or (2) if E1(t) produces D1(t) and E2 produces D2(t), then A1E1(t) + A2E2(t) does not produce A1D1(t) + A2D2(t).
Binding of the Initiation Factor σ70 to Core RNA Polymerase Is a Multistep Process

Abstract The interaction of RNA polymerase and its initiation factors is central to the process of transcription initiation. To dissect the role of this interface, we undertook the identification of the contact sites between RNA polymerase and σ 70 , the Escherichia coli initiation factor. We identified nine mutationally verified interaction sites between σ 70 and specific domains of RNA polymerase and provide evidence that σ 70 and RNA polymerase interact in at least a two-step process. We propose that a cycle of changes in the interface of σ 70 with core RNA polymerase is associated with progression through the process of transcription initiation.
Facies and early diagenetic influence on the depositional magnetization of carbonates

Rock-magnetic data from a core (Clino) on the margin of Great Bahama Bank show that both depositional facies and early diagenesis contribute to preservation of depositional remanent magnetization. This primary magnetization, carried by single-domain magnetite, and resultant directional data recorded in carbonates are influenced by diagenetic alteration that is largely controlled by facies and to a lesser degree relative sea level. Although polarity does not change, there is usually inclination shallowing relative to the axial dipole value, and the inclination values are more dispersed as a result of cementation. Four magneto-diagenetic zones were identified in Clino: from top down, these are (I) a low-Mg calcite, a cemented, shallow-water facies with dispersed inclinations, relatively high remanence coercivity, and magnetostatic interaction; (II) an upper-slope facies, moderately cemented, that has original aragonite mineralogy, produced more statistically consistent inclination angles, lower magnetostatic interactions and coercivity, and higher remanence intensity; (III) a cemented, lower-slope facies having characteristics of both the overlying zones, but containing some dolomite and abundant fractures; and (IV) a partially dolomitized, basal lower-slope interval with magnetic characteristics (dispersed inclination, weaker intensity, higher coercivity, higher magnetostatic interaction) similar to the shallow-water facies. The relatively uncomplicated diagenetic history, excellent age control, and depositional facies provide a spectrum of magnetization destructive processes and characterization of polarity data from platform carbonates.
Thermal Robustness: Lessons from Bacterial Chemotaxis

Temperature changes affect reaction kinetics. How do signaling pathways cope with such global perturbation? A recent study dissects the solution found by bacterial chemotaxis.
Synthesis of RNA and protein in relation to oral regeneration in the ciliate Stentor coeruleus

The effects of actinomycin D, puromycin, and cycloheximide on oral regeneration and macromolecular syntheses in the ciliate Stentor coeruleus were investigated. At concentrations which significantly reduced the rate of RNA synthesis (actinomycin D) and protein synthesis (puromycin and cycloheximide), these inhibitors prevented the completion of development of most cells treated prior to stage “late 4” of regeneration. Cells exposed to the inhibitors in stages “late 4” or 5 were, for the most part, delayed or not affected. Cells treated after stage 5 were unaffected. The oral primordia of many cells arrested in stages “2–3” through 4 were subsequently resorbed, whereas cells blocked in stage 5 retained their oral organelles for the period of the block. The results suggest that both RNA and protein syntheses are essential to regeneration and that the final synthesis of essential macromolecules occurs during stage 5.
A Reality Check for SLA Theories

* Writing about psychiatry, Harvard's Kleinman (1988) notes that the non-Western population constitutes so huge a portion of humanity yet so small a presence in the theory. We might ask an analogous question. Why do models of second language acquisition (SLA) developed in the U.S. and western Europe treat the vast majority of L2 learners, those that learn and use an L2 in nonnative contexts, as marginal? The inescapable answer seems to be that current theories are powerfully constrained by Western cultural premises. If we seek a universal, culturally authentic theory of SLA, we must ask, with Gould (1987), "What are we missing because we must place all we see into slots of our usual taxonomy?" (p. 24). In evaluating SLA theories, the following reality check may be in order.