cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identification of QTLs for Rice Cold Tolerance at Plumule and 3-Leaf-Seedling Stages by Using QTLNetwork Software

Abstract A doubled haploid (DH) population consisted of 120 lines, derived from a cross between an indica variety, TN1, and a japonica variety, Chunjiang 06, was used to identify QTLs controlling rice cold tolerance at the plumule and 3-leaf-seedling stages by using the QTLNetwork software. The percentages of normal plumules after 4°C treatments for 7 d, 9 d, 11 d, and 14 d, as well as the cold stress tolerance index (CSTI) and the withering index (WI) of rice seedling were investigated. A total of five single-effect QTLs, each for percentages of normal plumules after 4°C treatments for 9 d, 11 d and 14 d, and CSTI and WI, respectively were identified. The QTLs for the percentages of normal plumules after low temperature treatments for 9 d, 11 d and 14 d were on chromosomes 4, 2 and 11, accounting for 14.1%, 17.3% and 21.5% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. QTLs for CSTI and WI were on chromosomes 10 and 1, respectively. Two pairs of epistatic loci were identified, but none of the epistatic loci involved the single-effect QTLs. The RM528-RM340 interval on chromosome 6 interacted with the RM278-RM3919B interval on chromosome 9 for CSTI, and the epistatic interaction accounted for 17.7% of the phenotypic variation. A pair of epistatic loci was identified for WI, the RM246-RM5461 interval on chromosome 1 interacted with the ISA-RM447 interval on chromosome 8, which accounted for 22.6% of the phenotypic variation.
MP3 audio steganalysis

MP3, one of the most widely used digital audio formats, provides a high compression ratio with faithful quality. The widespread use enables MP3 audio files to become excellent covers to carry hidden information in audio steganography on the Internet. Our research, however, indicates that there are few steganalysis methods proposed to detect audio steganograms and that steganalysis methods for the information-hiding behavior in MP3 audio are particularly scarce. In this paper we propose a comprehensive approach to steganalysis of MP3 audio files by deriving a combination of features from quantized MDCT coefficients. We design frequency-based subband moment statistical features, accumulative Markov transition features, and accumulative neighboring joint density features on second-order derivatives. We also model the distortion by extracting the shape parameters of generalized Gaussian density from individual frames. Different feature selection algorithms are applied to improve detection accuracy. Signal complexity and modification density are introduced to provide a comprehensive evaluation. Experimental results show that our approach is successful in discriminating MP3 covers and the steganograms generated by the steganographic tool, MP3Stego, in each category of signal complexity, especially for the audio streams with high signal complexities that are generally more difficult to steganalyze.
Electro-Optic Sampler For Gallium Arsenide Integrated Circuits

We report a new technique for directly sampling electrical waveforms in GaAs integrated circuits with picosecond time resolution. This noninvasive sampling system provides a powerful new tool for the design and diagnosis of GaAs integrated circuits. The technique is based on the intrinsic electro-optic effect in GaAs and utilizes a mode-locked and compressed Nd:YAG laser to electro-optically sample the fringing fields of microstrip transmission lines in GaAs integrated circuits. The frequency doubled output of the laser can be used to excite on-chip photodetectors which serve as test signal generators, or the circuits can be driven by external signal generators. We also demonstrate how the sampling system can be operated as a harmonic mixer for evaluation of pulse-to-pulse timing jitter in mode-locked lasers.
Violence in novels and military build-ups in the USA.

From 1933 to 1984 in the USA, military build-ups were not associated with the aggression expressed in best-selling novels.
Structural Development of the Hanover-Fierro Pluton, Southwestern New Mexico

Structures associated with the forcibly emplaced Hanover-Fierro pluton were studied to determine its mechanisms of intrusion. The pluton has been extensively examined, and good three-dimensional information is available from drill holes and mines. The funnel-shaped body plunges northward, and approximately 700 m of structural relief appears along the length of the present outcrop. At higher structural levels around the southern end, the country rocks were deformed by folding and thrusting; at deeper levels near the center and north end, the country rocks were deformed largely by rotation and tectonic thinning. Joints in the pluton indicate that maximum principal compressive stress (σ 1 ) rotated from a vertical orientation at depth to a horizontal east-west orientation near the surface, forming a pair of vertical conjugate shear (transverse) joints of moderate dihedral angle (36°). Along the main axis of the pluton, a set of vertical north-trending (longitudinal) joints formed; plumose structure on the joints indicates that they propagated upward . Apparently, upward-directed maximum principal compressive stress governed the direction of fracture propagation, and tensile stresses caused by outward rotation of σ 1 governed their orientation . The intermediate principal compressive stress (σ 2 ) rotated with σ 1 , forming a set of joints dipping gently inward toward the center of the pluton with dip progressively decreasing from the center to the margins. Structures around the pluton indicate that the early stage of injection produced arching and deformation by simple shear in the sedimentary overburden. With continued intrusion, an entire plug of overburden was uplifted, and lateral pressure of the magma locally exceeded the coefficient of friction along pre-existing regional joints causing minor shearing. Strata near the pluton were significantly thinned tectonically. During the final stage, lithostatic pressure of 200 to 640 m of overburden was no longer sufficient to prevent large-scale deformation, and folds and thrusts developed around the pluton.
The American Combat Soldier in Vietnam

A sociological assessment of the attitudes and behavior of American combat soldiers over the course of the war in Vietnam suggests that primary-group interpretations of combat behavior must be modified, that combat groups were characterized by instrumental relationships and affected by latent ideological factors, and that the 12-month rotation cycle was the dominating feature of the Vietnam combat experience. Troop demoralization was accentuated by diverse sources of conflict, e.g., rank, generation, drug use, and race strife. The analysis concludes with a discussion of troop reprisals (“fraggings”) against superiors and the paradoxes of the antiwar movement within the military.
Semigenerally covariant equations of motion— I. Derivation

Abstract The equation of motion of a particle of finite mass m moving in an external gravitational field is derived. As an external gravitational field we choose the field obtained from the whole field by putting m = 0 in the later, where m here is the Infeld inertial mass. We use special coordinates, those of Fermi, in which the Christoffel symbols of the external field vanish along the world line of the particle and the calculations being made at an (arbitrary) assigned point q of the world line at which the velocity of the particle equals zero (using a Lorentz transformation). This is an extension of the well known method of Infeld and Schild for deriving the equation of motion of a test particle in terms of an external field. Here we go to the second approximation in the (finite) mass. The equation of motion so obtained looks like the classical equation of Dirac, based on Maxwell-Lorentz theory, for a charge moving in an external electromagnetic field. In our case the mass replaces the charge, the absolute derivative replaces the proper-time derivative in flat space, and the radiation reaction forces appear under two guises, the x term with a different coefficient, and a “tail” term whose contribution we have not estimated. The equation so obtained is a semigenerally covariant, in the sense that it is invariant under the infinite continuous group of all coordinate transformations not including the parameter m.
Three decades of accomplishments in computational fluid dynamics

Abstract A glance back on significant accomplishments in computational fluid dynamics for aerodynamic application has been performed to highlight the outstanding achievements by pioneers of this discipline. It is an ardent hope that this abridged literature review will aid to reaffirm excellence in research and to identify knowledge shortfalls both in fluid dynamics and its modeling and simulation capability. The future modeling and simulation technology needs, as well as potential and fertile research areas are offered for consideration.
Obesity as a risk factor for sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias in MADIT II patients.

Background: Obesity, as defined by body mass index ≥30 kg/m2, has been shown to be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, data on the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the risk of ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death are limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of ventricular tachyarrhythmias and sudden death by BMI in patients after myocardial infarction with severe left ventricular dysfunction. Methods: The risk of appropriate defibrillator therapy for ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation (VT/VF) by BMI status was analyzed in 476 nondiabetic patients with left ventricular dysfunction who received an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) in the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial-II (MADIT II). Results: Mean BMI was 27 ± 5 kg/m2. Obese patients comprised 25% of the study population. After 2 years of follow-up, the cumulative rates of appropriate ICD therapy for VT/VF were 39% in obese and 24% in nonobese patients, respectively (P = 0.014). In multivariate analysis, there was a significant 64% increase in the risk for appropriate ICD therapy among obese patients as compared with nonobese patients, which was attributed mainly to an 86% increase in the risk of appropriate ICD shocks (P = 0.006). Consistent with these results, the risk of the combined endpoint of appropriate VT/VF therapy or sudden cardiac death (SCD) was also significantly increased among obese patients (Hazard Ratio 1.59; P = 0.01). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that in nondiabetic patients with ischemic left ventricular dysfunction, a BMI ≥30 kg/m2 is an independent risk factor for ventricular tachyarrhythmias.
SELECTIVE SYNERGISM OF CARBAMATE INSECTICIDES ON HOUSE FLIES BY ARYLOXYALKYLAMINES.

Structural analogs of Lilly 18947 (2,4-dichloro-6-phenylphenoxyethyl diethylamine) were synthesized and tested as synergists for carbaryl, Pyrolan® (3-methyl-1-phenyl-5-pyrazolyl dimethylcarbarnate), 2,3-dimethoxyphenyl N -methylcarbamate (2,3-DPMC), and Hercules AC-5727 ( N -methyl m -isopropylphenyl carbamate (IPC) on an insecticide-susceptible strain of house flies, Musca domestica L. Several, e.g. 2,4,6-trichlorophenoxyethyl diethylamine, synergize carbaryl, IPC, and 2,3-DPMC but not Pyrolan. One analog, 2,4-dichloronaphthoxyethyl diethylamine, synergizes Pyrolan, carbaryl, and 2,3-DPMC but not IPC. The results suggest at least 2 major carbamate detoxication mechanisms, one (possibly hydroxylation of N -methyl groups) active on Pyrolan, the other (possibly hydroxylation of the aromatic ring) on IPC, and both active on carbaryl and 2,3-DPMC. Some of the compounds tested are stronger carbamate synergists than sesamex.
TH‐A(SAM)‐211‐01: Absorbed Dose Estimation with Internal Emitters

The fundamental equality used in internal emitter absorbed dose (D) estimation is D = S*A. Here, D and A are vectors and S is a rectangular matrix. Generally D and A have components assigned to the various body organs. Voxel‐based calculations are also possible if data are obtained in a 3‐D format. The first step in making the estimate is to perform activity (A) measurements in each of the organs that can be visualized in the scanning and/or imaging process. Essentially 6 methods are available for this quantification ranging from inverse‐square counting to quantitative SPECT (QSPECT) or PET. The most common technique is the geometric‐mean method (GM) which requires that two images be acquired simultaneously on each side of the patient. Given a set of counts for each source organ over time A(t), one must integrate numerically to find A. It is standard procedure to represent data at times beyond the last imaging point as a physical decay using the half life of the radiolabel. We should note that some agents used for Targeted Radionuclide Therapy (TRT) may not give off photons so that a surrogate agent is used; e.g., 111‐In‐antibody in lieu of 90Y‐antibody. Given the A vector, the estimator then may use S in two types of computations. A type I computation involves using the S matrix obtained from a relevant humanoid phantom. In this case, all organ sizes are specified for a standard man, woman or child and the biological data (A) from each animal or patient must be normalized accordingly. Type I calculations are used in regulatory applications and in comparing one agent with another scientifically. Type II computations are patient‐specific in that A is unchanged, but S must be modified to represent the geometry of the individual. In TRT, Type II estimates are made with relatively small amounts of activity prior to the start of therapy. Generally, human S values are standard tabulations available in OLINDA and other software. If murine dose estimates are needed, however, some S values are available. The result of the matrix multiplication of S and A is a set of doses for each of up to 30 or more target tissues. Because of external beam precedents, it is now becoming common to use both D and D2 in the analysis of tumor regression and normal organ toxicity. In this analysis, one plots the clinical outcome, such as tumor size, vs. a quadratic polynomial in dose. One anticipates a sigmodal response. Using such analyses, it is possible that TRT can evolve into a clinical strategy beyond its present limitation to B‐cell lymphomas. Learning Objectives: 1. Knowing methods to determine organ activity. 2. Realizing the errors in activity measurement. 3. Understanding the types of dose estimate (phantom vs patient). 4. Using dose as a first step in estimation effectiveness of therapy.
Behavioral disinhibition and reduced anxiety-like behaviors in monoamine oxidase B deficient mice

Monoamine oxidase (MAO) B catalyzes the degradation of β-phenylethylamine (PEA), a trace amine neurotransmitter implicated in mood regulation. Although several studies have shown an association between low MAO B activity in platelets and behavioral disinhibition in humans, the nature of this relation remains undefined. To investigate the impact of MAO B deficiency on the emotional responses elicited by environmental cues, we tested MAO B knockout (KO) mice in a set of behavioral assays capturing different aspects of anxiety-related manifestations, such as the elevated plus maze, defensive withdrawal, marble burying, and hole board. Furthermore, MAO B KO mice were evaluated for their exploratory patterns in response to unfamiliar objects and risk-taking behaviors. In comparison with their wild-type (WT) littermates, MAO B KO mice exhibited significantly lower anxiety-like responses and shorter latency to engage in risk-taking behaviors and exploration of unfamiliar objects. To determine the neurobiological bases of the behavioral differences between WT and MAO B KO mice, we measured the brain-regional levels of PEA in both genotypes. Although PEA levels were significantly higher in all brain regions of MAO B KO in comparison with WT mice, the most remarkable increments were observed in the striatum and prefrontal cortex, two key regions for the regulation of behavioral disinhibition. However, no significant differences in transcript levels of PEA's selective receptor, trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1), were detected in either region. Taken together, these results suggest that MAO B deficiency may lead to behavioral disinhibition and decreased anxiety-like responses partially through regional increases of PEA levels.
Metabolism of galactose in herpes simplex virus-infected cells.

Abstract Normal human embryo lung (HEL) and monkey kidney (BSC-1) cells grown in the presence of small amounts of [ 14 C]galactose incorporated most (ca. 70%) of the perchloric acid insoluble radioactivity into glucose; the remainder of the radioactivity was retained in galactose. Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2)-infected cells rapidly lost the capacity to incorporate radioactivity into the insoluble [ 14 C]glucose, and they concomitantly developed an enhanced ability to incorporate the label into the galactose of glycoproteins. In addition, in infected cells, much of the radioactivity normally incorporated into soluble [ 14 C]glucose was instead channeled into glycolipid, i.e., glucosyl- and lactosylceramides. Pronase digestion and gel filtration indicated that the affected perchloric acid-insoluble glucose-containing material belonged to two classes; one was probably mucopolysaccharide or polysaccharide in nature, and the other contained a small glycopeptide. They were both associated with a 100,000 g particulate subcellular fraction. The basis of this aberration was investigated, and it is suggested that the phenomenon is at least partially due to the presence of virus-specific proteins in the infected cell which are not suitable substrates for the attachment of glucose units. Enhanced glycolysis or abnormal compartmentalization of nucleotide sugar pools in HSV-infected cells may also be involved. An examination of enveloped radioactive HSV-1 virions showed that only [ 14 C]galactose was present in the acid-insoluble fraction; [ 14 C]glucose was absent. The array of viral glycolipids was similar to that in infected cells with the presence of glucosylceramide, hematoside (G M3 ) and some gangliosides (G M1 , G D3 ) among the recognized glycolipids.
Chemical fractionation of metals in wetland sediments: Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore.

Tessier-type (1979) sequential extractions for heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn) were conducted on sediments from two wetland sites, one inundated and the other drained, within the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore (IDNL), NW Indiana, with the objective of (i) evaluating extraction techniques on organic-rich sediments, (ii) determining the geochemistry and mobility of potentially biotoxic trace metals in a contaminated environment, and (iii) considering the implications of different restoration strategies on the potential for heavy metal remobilization. Long and repeated extractions were needed to effectively degrade the organic-rich sediments (up to 75% of the sediment by mass). Analysis of sulfur fractionation revealed that it was predominantly sequestered along with the organically bound fraction (renamed oxidizable). Metal recovery was good with the sum of the extractant steps typically within 20% of the total metal concentration determined after total microwave digestion. Results showed me...
Laparoscopic Management of Adnexal Masses

With the continued expansion of endoscopic techniques and instruments, laparoscopy and minimally invasive techniques are quickly emerging as a feasible alternative to laparotomy in managing adnexal masses and ovarian cancer.Laparoscopy has the potential to completely and successfully treat both benign and malignant adnexal pathology while decreasing unnecessary morbidity among patients. Further advances in technology, techniques, and instruments can only increase this potential.
Selective Arterial Embolization for Pseudoaneurysms and Arteriovenous Fistula of Renal Artery Branches Following Partial Nephrectomy

Purpose: We describe the presentation, endovascular management and functional outcomes of 15 patients with renal arterial pseudoaneurysm following open and laparoscopic partial nephrectomy.Materials and Methods: An institutional review board approved, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act compliant retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database revealed that 7 of 1,160 patients who underwent open partial nephrectomy and 8 of 301 treated with laparoscopic partial nephrectomy were diagnosed with a pseudoaneurysm of a renal artery branch between 2003 and 2010. Some cases were associated with arteriovenous fistula.Results: Diagnosis of pseudoaneurysm was made a median of 14 days after surgery. Gross hematuria was the most frequent symptom. Median estimated glomerular filtration rate measurements at the preoperative evaluation, postoperatively, on the day the vascular lesion was diagnosed, after embolization and at the last followup were 62, 55, 55, 56 and 58 ml/minute/1.73 m2, respe...
Polychlorinated biphenyl sorption by soils: Measurement of soil-water partition coefficients at equilibrium

Abstract The sorption of PCB congeners 24′ (lUPAC number 8), 22′55′ (52) and 22′44′55′ (153) by eight soils differing in their organic carbon content (2.3 to 0.2% by Wt.) and expandable clay mineral content (17 to 53 % by wt.) has been investigated for 0.1 g/L soil-water suspensions. The time to reach sorption equilibrium, i.e. sorption-diffusion equilibrium, for a highly aggregated montmorillonitic soil containing 0.9% organic carbon for congeners 8, 52, 153 was determined to be 3, 5, and 10 months, respectively, using a gas-purge technique. For these sorbate-sorbent contact times soil-water sorption equilibrium partition coefficients on a soil-organic carbon basis (Koc) were measured and for these congeners ranged varied from 2.4 × 104 to 6.8 × 106 mL/g. Based on these data a correlation relation was derived, log Koc = 1.07 log Kow − 0.98, for estimating Koc from known values of octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow). From literature Kow values this regression equation was used to estimate Koc for 46 of the major PCB congeners in Aroclor 1242, 1254 and 1260.
Dimer-Based Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystals

The self-assembly of polystyrene dimer- and spherocylinder-shaped colloids is achieved via controlled drying on glass and silicon substrates. 3D monoclinic colloidal crystal structures are determined from scanning electron microscopy images of sections prepared using focused ion-beam (FIB) milling. Full photonic bandgaps between the eighth and ninth bands are found for a systematic range of colloidal dimer shapes explored with respect to the degree of constituent lobe fusion and radius ratio. The pseudogap between bands 2 and 3 for spherocylinder-based monoclinic crystals is also probed using normal incidence reflection spectroscopy.
Hepatitis B today: clinical and diagnostic overview

The hepatitis B virus is a member of an unusual family of noncytopathogenic, hepatotropic DNA viruses--the hepadnaviruses. The complete virus comprises a lipoprotein coat, the hepatitis B surface antigen, enveloping a nucleocapsid core that contains a small, circular DNA molecule. Four open reading frames have been identified on the hepatitis B virus DNA genome. They encode seven proteins, including a hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase molecule with reverse transcriptase activity. The replication of the virus resembles that of retroviruses and occurs predominantly but not exclusively in hepatocytes. Virus variants involving genomic mutations have been identified. Testing for hepatitis B surface antigen permits detection of many but not all acutely infected patients. Diagnosis of acute infection rests on the identification of IgM antibodies to the hepatitis B core antigen. Antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen appears in serum during the convalescent phase of hepatitis B virus infection. It is the neutralizing, protective antibody largely responsible for immunity to reinfection. In persistent infection hepatitis B surface antigen is present, antibody to hepatitis B core antigen is predominantly an IgG antibody, antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen is not detectable or is present in very low titers and viral replication may be active. Persistent infection leads to an asymptomatic carrier state, chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. No specific treatment exists for acute hepatitis B virus infection. Current data indicate that approximately 50% of adults who have chronic infection achieve virologic, biochemical and histologic remission from treatment with alpha-2b-interferon.
Advanced Mediating Effects Tests, Multi-Group Analyses, and Measurement Model Assessments in PLS-Based SEM

Use of the partial least squares PLS method has been on the rise among e-collaboration researchers. It has also seen increasing use in a wide variety of fields of research. This includes most business-related disciplines, as well as the social and health sciences. The use of the PLS method has been primarily in the context of PLS-based structural equation modeling SEM. This article discusses a variety of advanced PLS-based SEM uses of critical coefficients such as standard errors, effect sizes, loadings, cross-loadings and weights. Among these uses are advanced mediating effects tests, comprehensive multi-group analyses, and measurement model assessments.
Mixed convection of a micropolar fluid from a rotating cone

Abstract The nonsimilar boundary-layer solutions are presented to study the mixed convective micropolar fluid flow about a rotating cone. The transformed boundary-layer equations contain an important mixed convection parameter that determines the relative importance of the free convection on forced (rotational) convection. Numerical solutions are presented for a range of values of the material parameters, the buoyancy parameter, and Prandtl number of the fluid. A discussion is provided for the microrotation boundary conditions and their influence on the velocity, gyration, and heat transfer fields.
Numerical simulation of the effects of variation of angle of attack and sweep angle on vortex breakdown over delta wings

In the present investigation of the vortical flowfield structure over delta wings at high angles of attack, three-dimensional Navier-Stokes numerical simulations were conducted to predict the complex leeward flowfield characteristics; these encompass leading-edge separation, secondary separation, and vortex breakdown. Attention is given to the effect on solution accuracy of circumferential grid-resolution variations in the vicinity of the wing leading edge, and well as to the effect of turbulence modeling on the solutions. When a critical angle-of-attack was reached, bubble-type vortex breakdown was found. With further angle-of-attack increase, a change from bubble-type to spiral-type vortex breakdown was predicted by the numerical solution.
Low voltage electrowetting using thin fluoroploymer films

Abstract This paper investigates the nonideal electrowetting behavior of thin fluoroploymer films. Results are presented for a three phase system consisting of: (1) an aqueous water droplet containing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), (2) phosphorous-doped silicon topped with SiO2 and an amorphous fluoroploymer (aFP) insulating top layer on which the droplet is situated, and (3) a dodecane oil that surrounds the droplet. The presented measurements indicate that the electrowetting equation is valid down to a 6 nm thick aFP film on a 11 nm thick SiO2. At this dielectric thickness, a remarkable contact angle change of over 100° can be achieved with an applied voltage less than 3 V across the system. The data also shows that for this water/surfactant/oil system, contact angle saturation is independent of the electric field, and is reached when the surface energy of the solid–water interface approaches zero.
Glancing Incidence Optics For High Power Lasers

The design of optical systems for high power lasers is ultimately constrained by the damage of optical surfaces due to the laser fluence. In CO2 laser fusion systems, the damage to copper mirrors in vacuum is attributed to melting produced by the absorbed laser energy. The Fresnel equations indicate that the use of metal mirrors at high angles of incidence (75-85 degrees from normal) results in reduced absorption of properly polarized light. This should lead to a commensurate improvement in damage resistance. Other benefits to be accrued include improved transmitted wavefront quality (for a given mirror figure error) and, of course, lower transmission losses. Application of glancing incidence concepts to advanced CO2 laser fusion systems will be described with emphasis on beam transfer and focusing mirrors. Applications to other systems at shorter wavelengths typical of the rare gas halide lasers will also be discussed.
Comment on the application of the Schwinger variational principle to multiphoton processes

The treatment of multiphoton processes using the Schwinger variational principle is briefly discussed, taking as an example two-photon ionization of hydrogen.
Non-verbal environmental sound recognition after unilateral hemispheric stroke

Summary Recognition of non-verbal environmental sounds was investigated in 52 subjects with unilateral cerebro-vascular accidents and 18 age-matched normal controls. Impaired performance was most consistently found following cortical damage of homologous areas in either the left or the right hemisphere. Lesions involved the superior temporal gyrus (including the planum temporale), the inferior parietal lobe and the parietal operculum; this area appears to constitute the human auditory cortical processing area. We found different error patterns dependent upon the side of the lesion: patients with right hemisphere damage failed to discriminate between acoustically related sounds, patients with left hemisphere lesions tended to confuse semantically related sound sources. The impairment following right hemisphere damage was specific for non-verbal environmental sounds while left hemisphere damage was associated with disturbed semantic capabilities in multiple modalities.
The rube framework for software modeling and customized 3-D visualization

Abstract Presently, there is little assistance available to developers who would like to create and integrate formal software models with customized visualizations of the architecture and operation of such models. To help solve this problem, the rube framework presents methodologies and development tools for both formal software modeling and for the creation of customized, three-dimensional software model visualization. As prescribed by rube , these models are multimodels and their visualizations are based on user-specified metaphors and aesthetics. We describe rube , its goals and present an example in the form of a simple operating system task scheduler. This example model is developed step-by-step with the rube modeling methodology and associated development tools to demonstrate the practical feasibility of integrating customized software model visualization with formal software modeling processes.
Knockout of the regulatory factor X1 gene leads to early embryonic lethality.

Abstract The biological function of regulatory factor X1 (RFX1), the prototype member of the transcription factor RFX family, is not clear. We have used gene trap technique to disrupt the expression of RFX1 in mice. Although, heterozygous RFX1+/− mice appear normal and fertile, homozygous RFX1−/− embryos died at an early stage (most likely before embryonic day 2.5). Our results indicate that RFX1 regulates expression of genes that are essential for early embryonic development/survival and that RFX1 function can not be compensated by other RFX1 family members.
Flame Synthesis of Nanostructured Transition Metal Oxides

Various transition metal oxide nanostructures are synthesized using a novel probe-flame interaction method. An opposed flow flame of methane and oxygen enriched air provides a high-temperature reacting environment forming various metal oxide structures directly on the surface of pure metal probes. The unique thermal profile and chemical composition of the generated flame tends to convert almost pure bulk (99.9%) metallic materials into 1-D and 3-D structures of different chemical compositions and unique morphologies. The synthesized molybdenum, tungsten, and iron oxide structures exhibit unique morphological characteristics. The application of Mo probes results in the formation of micron size hollow and non-hollow Mo-oxide channels and elongated structures with cylindrical shapes. The use of W probes results in the synthesis of 1-D carbon-oxide nanowires, 3-D structures with rectangular shapes, and thin oxide plates with large surface areas. The formation of elongated iron-oxide nanorods is observed on iron probes. The iron nanorods’ diameters range from ten nanometers to one hundred nanometers with lengths of a few micrometers. Flame position, probe diameter, and flame exposure time tend to play an important role for material shape and selectivity.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Utility of high-resolution CT for management of diffuse lung disease: results of a survey of U.S. pulmonary physicians.

Abstract Rationale and Objectives This study was performed to determine how U.S. pulmonologists rate the clinical contributions of high-resolution computed tomography (CT) in patients with diffuse lung disease, to ascertain how the technique affects management decisions, and to determine the effect of three physician characteristics on these attitudes. Materials and Methods The authors surveyed 450 practicing pulmonologists. The questionnaire explored perceptions of the efficacy of high-resolution CT for achieving five clinical objectives, the importance of high-resolution CT in 17 diseases, and the effects of the CT results on management decisions. Responses were examined by type of clinical practice, monthly referral volume, and year of completion of pulmonary fellowship. Results The response rate was 52.6%. High-resolution CT was rated most helpful for determining the extent of diffuse lung disease and least helpful for assessing disease activity and prognosis. Pulmonologists believed that high-resolution CT was most important in the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias and least important in Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and emphysema. High-resolution CT results frequently increased the physician's confidence in a presumptive diagnosis. Recently trained pulmonologists were more likely to report that high-resolution CT results altered their management plan. There were no significant differences related to type of practice. Conclusion U.S. pulmonologists in a variety of practice settings value the contributions of high-resolution CT in patients with diffuse lung disease and find it particularly important in the chronic interstitial pneumonias. High-resolution CT results have their greatest effect in confirming a presumptive clinical diagnosis and less frequently alter the management plan.
Toward a Process-Based Framework for Classifying Personality Tests: Comment on Meyer and Kurtz (2006)

Meyer and Kurtz (2006) argued that the longstanding psychological test labels “objective” and “projective” have outlived their usefulness, and invited further work focusing on alternative terms for these measures. This Comment describes a framework for classifying personality tests based on the psychological processes that occur as people respond to test stimuli. Because an attribution process is involved in responding to both types of measures, those instruments formerly called “objective” tests are labeled self-attribution tests, and those formerly classified as “projective” tests are labeled stimulus-attribution tests. The possibility of extending the process-based framework beyond personality, to psychological tests in general, is also discussed. Clinical and empirical implications of a process-based framework are considered.
Does the Music Matter? Examining Differential Effects of Music Genre on Support for Ethnic Groups

Using data from a post-test only experiment with random assignment, this article examines whether differing music genres influence socially relevant decisions made by listeners. A sample of White college students was exposed to1 of 3 music genres during an ostensible waiting period, and was then asked to allocate funding to projects for different ethnic groups. Three music conditions—radical White power rock, mainstream rock, and Top 40 pop music—were examined to determine whether differential allocations to ethnic groups would emerge following music exposure. As expected, Top 40 pop music exposure led to equal allocations to the various ethnic groups. After listening to mainstream rock, participants allocated significantly higher budgets to White Americans compared to all other race groups. After listening to radical White power rock music, participants also allocated significantly higher budgets to White Americans, but changes in allocations to ethnic minority groups also emerged. Namely, African Americ...
Evolutionary adaptation to different thermal environments via transcriptional regulation.

Populations of the teleost fish Fundu E.C. 1.1.1.27 ). Previously we have shown that the compensating change in the LDH-B enzyme concentration is due to a change in the amount of LDH-B mRNA, but we did not define whether this was due to differences in mRNA stability or to differences in rate of transcription. The results presented here help clarify the molecular mechanism responsible for the variation in Ldh-B gene expression: the rate of transcription from the Ldh-B locus is significantly different between populations, and this difference is responsible for the compensatory change in LDH-B enzyme concentration.
Causes and Effects of Employee Downsizing: A Review and Synthesis

As employee downsizing has become increasingly ubiquitous in recent years, the study of this phenomenon has assumed greater significance. This article develops an integrative framework that incorporates environmental and organizational antecedents as well as the implications of downsizing for individuals and organizations. Key empirical studies are reviewed and major patterns and contradictions are identified. The authors identify and discuss theoretical and methodological concerns related to the extant literature and provide recommendations for future research aimed at developing a better understanding of employee downsizing.
It's coming: M&As under IFRSs

The authors predict that by 2014 – if not sooner – U.S. companies will find themselves reporting under international financial reporting standards, not generally accepted accounting principles. How will this affect your firm's merger-and-acquisition strategy and compliance? The authors explain that, and also offer some practical suggestions on how to prepare for the change. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chain Lengths in Certain Random Directed Graphs

We study the random directed graph with vertex set {1, …, n} in which the directed edges (i, j) occur independently with probability cn/n for i<j and probability zero for i ⩽ j. Let Mn (resp., Ln) denote the length of the longest path (resp., longest path starting from vertex 1). When cn is bounded away from 0 and ∞ as n∞, the asymptotic behavior of Mn was analyzed in previous work of the author and J. E. Cohen. Here, all restrictions on cn are eliminated and the asymptotic behavior of Ln is also obtained. In particular, if cn/ln(n)∞ while cn/n0, then both Mn/cn and Ln/cn are shown to converge in probability to the constant e.
Rabphilin potentiates soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor attachment protein receptor function independently of rab3

Rabphilin, a putative rab effector, interacts specifically with the GTP-bound form of the synaptic vesicle-associated protein rab3a. In this study, we define in vivo functions for rabphilin through the characterization of mutants that disrupt the Caenorhabditis elegans rabphilin homolog. The mutants do not display the general synaptic defects associated with rab3 lesions, as assayed at the pharmacological, physiological, and ultrastructural level. However, rabphilin mutants exhibit severe lethargy in the absence of mechanical stimulation. Furthermore, rabphilin mutations display strong synergistic interactions with hypomorphic lesions in the syntaxin, synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa, and synaptobrevin soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) genes; double mutants were nonresponsive to mechanical stimulation. These synergistic interactions were independent of rab3 function and were not observed in rab3-SNARE double mutants. Our data reveal rab3-independent functions for rabphilin in the potentiation of SNARE function.
Pulmonary Amyloidosis as a Paraneoplastic Process in Head and Neck Cancer

Results: A 73 year old male initially presented to a tertiary care medical center with complaints of pain in the left floor of mouth and jaw. A basaloid squamous cell carcinoma involving the left paramedian portion of the gingiva with invasion into the mandible was identified. A multidisciplinary treatment plan was formulated, involving a composite mandibular resection with microvascular free flap reconstruction. However, on preoperative imaging, multiple concerning pulmonary nodules involving the right upper, middle, and lower lobes were discovered. A CT guided lung biopsy was performed, which on histopathological evaluation showed abundant amorphous eosinophilic extracellular material, but no evidence of malignancy. This conferred a diagnosis of pulmonary amyloidosis. Ultimately, the decision was made to proceed with definitive resection and microvascular reconstruction. The patient is currently doing well with no evidence of residual or recurrent disease.
Epitaxial Growth of III-V Compounds for Electroluminescent Light Sources

During the past decade, semiconductor junction electroluminescence has evolved from a laboratory phenomenon to a manufacturing technology. This success can be attributed to the extensive research in the preparation and characterization of III-V compounds. Materials emitting radiation in various regions of the visible spectrum are now available. The epitaxial growth techniques used in the fabrication of III-V compound electroluminescent devices are reviewed. Both vapor and liquid phase epitaxial techniques are discussed, including the applications of these techniques to well established materials as well as newer materials. The state of the art of light-emitting devices fabricated from members of the III-V compounds and their solid solutions is also reviewed.
UNDESCRIBED MALES OF TWO CLADONOTA SPECIES (HEMIPTERA: MEMBRACIDAE) FROM MEXICO

Two previously unknown male treehoppers of Cladonota (Lecythifera) bulbosa Flynn and C. (L.) hoffmanni (Pelaez) from Mexico are described, compared, and illustrated.
A method for generating permeability elastograms and Poisson's ratio time-constant elastograms.

Abstract The feasibility of imaging the permeability and Poisson’s ratio time-constant of porous media was investigated. The study involved the following steps. First, poroelastograms were generated from porous tofu phantoms under sustained compression. The sample materials used for the experiments were previously characterized through independent mechanical measurements. Second, corresponding Poisson’s ratio time-constant elastograms were generated by calculating and displaying the decay time-constants of the local Poisson’s ratios over the time interval in which the poroelastograms were acquired. Finally, for homogeneous samples, permeability elastograms were generated using the poroelastograms in combination with a previously proposed biphasic theoretical model, under very specific conditions. A comparison between the results obtained using poroelastography and those obtained through independent mechanical measurements suggests that poroelastography may be used for imaging the local time-dependent behavior of poroelastic media. (E-mail: Jonathan.Ophir@uth.tmc.edu )
Jail Incarceration, Homelessness, and Mental Health: A National Study

Objective: This study sought to investigate the rates and correlates of homelessness, especially mental illness, among adult jail inmates. Methods: Data from a national survey of jail inmates (N=6,953) were used to compare the proportion of jail inmates who had been homeless in the previous year with the proportion of persons in the general population who had been homeless in the previous year, after standardization to the age, race and ethnicity, and gender distribution of the jail sample. Logistic regression was then used to examine the extent to which homelessness among jail inmates was associated with factors such as symptoms or treatment of mental illness, previous criminal justice involvement, specific recent crimes, and demographic characteristics. Results: Inmates who had been homeless (that is, those who reported an episode of homelessness anytime in the year before incarceration) made up 15.3% of the U.S. jail population, or 7.5 to 11.3 times the standardized estimate of 1.36% to 2.03% in the general U.S. adult population. In comparison with other inmates, those who had been homeless were more likely to be currently incarcerated for a property crime, but they were also more likely to have past criminal justice system involvement for both nonviolent and violent offenses, to have mental health and substance abuse problems, to be less educated, and to be unemployed. Conclusions: Recent homelessness was 7.5 to 11.3 times more common among jail inmates than in the general population. Homelessness and incarceration appear to increase the risk of each other, and these factors seem to be mediated by mental illness and substance abuse, as well as by disadvantageous sociodemographic characteristics. (Psychiatric Services 59:170–177, 2008)
IMPLICATIONS OF SEED BANKING FOR RECRUITMENT OF SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN WOODY SPECIES

Seed dormancy is assumed to be unimportant for population dynamics of temperate woody species, because seeds occur at low densities and are short lived in forest soils. However, low soil seed densities may result from low seed production, and even modest seed longevity can buffer against fluctuating seed production, potentially limiting density-dependent mortality and ensuring that seeds are available for germination when recruitment success is likely. To investigate whether seed banking affects woody seedling dynamics in the southern Appalachians, we monitored seed rain, seed bank, and seedling densities to (1) determine the prevalence of seed banking among southern Appalachian woody species, (2) quantify annual seed mortality rates for three seed-banking species using a Bayesian statistical approach, and (3) assess whether or not the ability to seed bank affects recruitment rates. We found that the seeds of eight woody taxa ( Acer rubrum, Betula spp., Liriodendron tulipifera, Nyssa sylvatica, Robinia pseudoacacia, Rubus spp., Sassafras al- bidum, and Vitis sp.) remain viable in the soil for more than one year. Seeds of six taxa (Amelanchier spp., Acer pennsylvanicum, Carya spp., Quercus prinus, Quercus rubra, and Tsuga canadensis) were never found in the soil seed bank, despite high seed production and germination. For three species, a substantial proportion of seeds available for germi- nation came from dispersal events two or more years in the past (Acer rubrum 12-37%, Betula spp. 59-73%, Liriodendron tulipifera 40-76%), even though annual seed mortality was high (Acer rubrum 70-98%, Betula spp. 21-81%, Liriodendron tulipifera 12-59%). In years when no seeds fall in local microsites (approximately one in five years), seed banks are the only source of seedling recruitment for these species. Comparing our results to those of previous studies led to valuable insights: first, that seeds of Acer rubrum and Betula spp. suffer high mortality while being incorporated into the seed bank; and second, that seed decay varies greatly over relatively small spatial scales (i.e., within a watershed). Taken together, these results demonstrate that seed banking may play a critical role during woody seedling recruitment in temperate forests.