cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Causes of falling, Civil War, and the poetics of survival in Dickinson’s Fascicle 24

In a September 1861 Atlantic Monthly article titled “Bread and the Newspaper,” Oliver Wendell Holmes writes of the somatic effects that wartime news can have on noncombatants. Adverse reactions range from nausea to death. Relating an anecdote in which three people are told of “a sad disaster to the Federal army,” Holmes states: “Both the gentlemen complained of a sudden feeling at … the pit of the stomach, changed color, and confessed to a slight tremor about the knees. The lady had a ‘ grande revolution ,’ as the French patients say,—went home, and kept her bed for the rest of the day.’” Aware that “the reader may smile at the mention of such trivial indispositions,” Holmes insists that Civil War news literally can kill those who hear it: “In more sensitive natures death itself follows in some cases from no more serious cause.” Citing a case where “an old gentleman fell senseless in fatal apoplexy, on hearing of Napoleon’s turn from Elba,” Holmes suggests that a friend of his “recently died of the same complaint” due to “the excitements of the time.” From the “slight tremor about the knees” to the fatal apoplectic fall, the Civil War jeopardizes what we might call the standing of the noncombatant. Holmes articulates a shared view that military losses threaten survivors with metaphorical, but also literal, death. Writing of death in the Civil War, Drew Gilpin Faust states that “the bereaved might suffer a living death of spirit, heart, and hope,” while “some grieving survivors did indeed literally perish.” During the war no one produced a more ambitious body of work about survival than did Emily Dickinson. Fascicle 24, a handmade collection of poems that she assembled around the spring of 1863, offers Dickinson’s most poignant and sustained engagement with the questions of survival and transformation imposed by the tremendous devastation wrought by the war.
Phenobarbital and Valproate for Febrile Convulsions

Data from 6 British trials of phenobarbital and 4 trials of valproate for the prophylactic treatment of febrile convulsions were polled and analyzed on an intention to treat basis at the Dept of Neurology, Royal Manchester and Booth Hall Children's Hospitals, Manchester.
Kawasaki Disease at 50 Years

Importance Kawasaki disease (KD) is the most recognized vasculitis of childhood. The condition’s characteristic high fever, rash, mucositis, conjunctivitis, lymphadenopathy, and extremity changes are superficially unexceptional, and resolve spontaneously within a mean of 12 days. It is the acuity and the potential for life-changing damage to the coronary arteries that distinguish KD from conditions that mimic it and exemplify the unique aspects and challenges of vascular inflammation in children. Observations Although KD is an orphan disease, its role as a leading cause of acquired heart disease in children has led to significant efforts to determine its etiology, optimize diagnosis, and customize treatment according to individuals’ needs. The result is that KD can now be controlled without sequelae in more than 95% of cases. Furthermore, advances in stratifying patients according to measurable risk factors allow therapy to be personalized in increasingly effective ways. High-risk patients, such as infants younger than 6 months, those with early evidence of coronary artery dilatation, and those with extreme abnormalities in laboratory test results, are often identified at presentation. This early identification allows them to be treated with corticosteroids in addition to intravenous immunoglobulin to improve their outcomes. Children with similar findings on laboratory tests and echocardiography may be treated based on algorithms for managing “incomplete KD” despite falling short of fulfilling classic diagnostic criteria. Children who do not respond to intravenous immunoglobulin are the focus of trials to minimize the duration of inflammation and thereby protect their coronary arteries in ways never before considered. Conclusions and Relevance Kawasaki disease is a hybrid condition at the junction of infectious diseases, immunology, rheumatology, and cardiology. Rather than being left an orphan disease, KD is bringing disciplines together to identify its genetic, pathophysiological, and hemodynamic features. In turn, this work promises to shed light on many other inflammatory conditions as well.
CSiTE Studies on Carbon Sequestration in Soils

Publisher Summary The Consortium for Research on Enhancing Carbon Sequestration in Terrestrial Ecosystems was created in 1999 to perform fundamental research that will lead to methods to enhance Carbon (C) sequestration as one component of a C management strategy. Research at one member of this consortium, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, has focused on C sequestration in soils. Studies of C and N dynamics are leading to an understanding of the factors that affect the inputs to and outputs from soils and how these might bemanipulated to enhance C sequestration. Both the quantity and the quality of soil C inputs influence C storage and the potential for C sequestration. Changes in tillage intensity and crop rotations can affect C sequestration by changing the soil physical and biological conditions and by changing the amounts and types of organic inputs to the soil. Analyses of changes in soil C are supplemented with studies of the changes in the associated management practices and their implications for fossil-fuel use, emission of other greenhouse gases such as N2O and CH4, and impacts on agricultural productivity. Improved understanding of the factors and mechanisms that control the spatial and temporal variations in soil C can lead to land management strategies that incorporate C management and increase the C stocks of terrestrial ecosystems.
Sparse Estimation and Uncertainty with Application to Subgroup Analysis

We introduce a Bayesian method, LASSOplus, that unifies recent contributions in the sparse modeling literatures, while substantially extending pre-existing estimators in terms of both performance and flexibility. Unlike existing Bayesian variable selection methods, LASSOplus both selects and estimates effects while returning estimated confidence intervals for discovered effects. Furthermore, we show how LASSOplus easily extends to modeling repeated observations and permits a simple Bonferroni correction to control coverage on confidence intervals among discovered effects. We situate LASSOplus in the literature on how to estimate subgroup effects, a topic that often leads to a proliferation of estimation parameters. We also offer a simple preprocessing step that draws on recent theoretical work to estimate higher-order effects that can be interpreted independently of their lower-order terms. A simulation study illustrates the method’s performance relative to several existing variable selection methods. In addition, we apply LASSOplus to an existing study on public support for climate treaties to illustrate the method’s ability to discover substantive and relevant effects. Software implementing the method is publicly available in the R package sparsereg.
Science walks on two legs, but social sciences try to hop on one:

Science walks on two legs. One leg consists of asking: How things are? This leads to observation, measurement, graphing, and statistical description. The other leg consists of asking: How things should be, on logical grounds? This leads to logical models that should become quantitatively predictive. Science largely consists of such models, tested with data. Developed science establishes not only connections among individual factors but also connections among these connections. As an illustration, I use laws about human activity I have found. But social sciences often take the lazy road of fitting raw data with a straight line or some fashionable format, unaware of the need to think and build models based on logic, as stressed by Karl Deutsch. As expounded in my Making Social Sciences More Scientific (2008) and Logical Models and Basic Numeracy in Social Sciences, www.psych.ut.ee/stk/Beginners_Logical_Models.pdf, I call for a major widening in social science methodology.
N-Protonated Isomers and Coulombic Barriers to Dissociation of Doubly Protonated Ala 8 Arg

Collision-induced dissociation (or tandem mass spectrometry, MS/MS) of a protonated peptide results in a spectrum of fragment ions that is useful for inferring amino acid sequence. This is now commonplace and a foundation of proteomics. The underlying chemical and physical processes are believed to be those familiar from physical organic chemistry and chemical kinetics. However, first-principles predictions remain intractable because of the conflicting necessities for high accuracy (to achieve qualitatively correct kinetics) and computational speed (to compensate for the high cost of reliable calculations on such large molecules). To make progress, shortcuts are needed. Inspired by the popular mobile proton model, we have previously proposed a simplified theoretical model in which the gas-phase fragmentation pattern of protonated peptides reflects the relative stabilities of N-protonated isomers, thus avoiding the need for transition-state information. For singly protonated Ala n (n = 3-11), the resulting predictions were in qualitative agreement with the results from low-energy MS/MS experiments. Here, the comparison is extended to a model tryptic peptide, doubly protonated Ala8Arg. This is of interest because doubly protonated tryptic peptides are the most important in proteomics. In comparison with experimental results, our model seriously overpredicts the degree of backbone fragmentation at N9. We offer an improved model that corrects this deficiency. The principal change is to include Coulombic barriers, which hinder the separation of the product cations from each other. Coulombic barriers may be equally important in MS/MS of all multiply charged peptide ions. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
Utilization, In-Hospital Mortality, and 30-Day Readmission After Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair in the United States Shortly After Device Approval.

The MitraClip device for percutaneous mitral valve repair was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in the United States in October 2013. Few studies have evaluated national outcomes after this procedure in routine clinical practice. We identified adults aged ≥18 years who received percutaneous mitral valve repair from November 2013 to December 2014 in the Nationwide Readmissions Database, a publicly available administrative claims database. Procedural volumes, number of performing hospitals, individual hospital volumes, in-hospital mortality rate, and 30-day hospital readmission rate were determined. Patient demographics, clinical comorbidities, and hospital characteristics were analyzed using logistic regression to determine risk factors for in-hospital death and 30-day readmission. We identified 879 cases performed in the first 14 months after device approval (mean age ± SD, 75.0 ± 13.1 years; 45% women). The number of performing hospitals increased by 5.7-fold (23 to 132), although mean individual hospital volumes remained small (6.2 ± 10.4 cases per hospital). In-hospital all-cause mortality was 3.3% and was associated with higher number of clinical comorbidities. The rate of 30-day readmission was 14.6%, and 6.6% of patients died during rehospitalization. Increased procedural experience was associated with a nonsignificant trend toward reduced hospital readmission after multivariable adjustment (p = 0.08). In conclusion, use of percutaneous mitral valve repair in the United States early after approval increased steadily over time, although individual hospital volumes remained low. More than 1 in 7 patients who underwent this procedure are readmitted within 30 days of discharge.
Mnemo-psychography: The Origin of Mind and the Problem of Biological Memory Storage

The internal logic of a semiotic view of life suggests memory is the origin of mind. Interpreting the meaning of “sign” by way of Charles S. Peirce, the object of this chapter is to provide a response to the biosemiotic problem of the origin of mind in respect to both its general and specific formulations, i.e., as evolutionary emergence and as human environmental experience. As such, I hope for this chapter to express the biosemiotic view of mind and function heuristically for future research regarding memory and mind. “Mnemo-psychography” means that the mind writes itself out of memory. In regard to biosemiotics, the thesis of mnemo-psychography suggests that the mind originates out of interaction between the environment and the biological capacity for memory. By providing a biosemiotic reading of the results of contemporary memory research, specifically the work of Eric Kandel, Daniel Schacter, and Miguel Nicolelis et al., I argue for the thesis of mnemo-psychography, over a biosemiotic version of identity theory, as the solution to the problem of the origin of mind.
The effectiveness of smoking cessation intervention on facebook: a preliminary study of posts and users

Smoking causes many serious illnesses such as lung cancer, chronic bronchitis, and emphysem. Some intervention programs of smoking cessation are developed online, which can reach a large number of people at any time. QuitNet is one of the most popular websites of smoking cessation. It developed a public page on Facebook, providing information and initiating discussions on smoking cessation. In this study, we explore the features of QuitNet Facebook through preliminary qualitative and quantitative analysis. We collect data of posts and comments from 04/01/2011 to 06/31/2011on QuitNet Facebook and analyze the data from the post and user perspectives. For the post perspective, we analyze popular posts which receive the most and the soonest comments from Facebook users, and find that most of these posts ask for responses of user motivations, methods, experiences and emotions of smoking abstinence. For the user perspective, we analyze users who make comments more frequently and immediately after a post being published, and find that users at the maintenance stage of smoking cessation are more active than those at the early actions stage.
Robotic Urologic Surgery: An Introduction and Vision for the Future

Robots have been defined as “a reprogrammable, multifunctional manipulator designed to move materials, parts, tools, or specialized devices through various programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks” by the Robot Institute of America. Websters’ English dictionary describes robots as “an automatic apparatus or device that performs functions normally ascribed to humans or operates with what appears to be almost human intelligence.” These definitions encompass three levels of functionality—the ability to perform defined maneuvers, the ability to perform such tasks in a preprogrammed order, and the ability to interpret and modify responses to commands, based on experience and learning.
The Phenomenological Inquiry into the Being of Intentionality

Heidegger’s concern with securing the proper access to Dasein leads him to assess Husserl’s phenomenological understanding of the phenomenon of intentionality within the context of its principle ‘to the matters themselves’. Specifically, he is keen to find out whether the phenomenal priority and originality that is ascribed to intentionality by Husserl is based on a justified appeal to the phenomena involved in its manifestation. In order to find this out, Heidegger maintains that he must determine if both the entity that Husserl’s phenomenology understands as manifesting the structure of intentionality, as well as this phenomenology’s understanding of the Being of this structure, emerge from out of a genuine encounter with each in their respective modes of phenomena, i.e., as phenomena in the ordinary and deformalized phenomenological senses. What is at issue here, for Heidegger, then, is an “immanent critique of phenomenological research” (HCT, 102/140), which will make it “clear that the question of Being is not an optional and merely possible question,but the most urgent question inherent in the very meaning of phenomenology itself” (HCT, 115/158). Which is to say, Heidegger’s inquiry into Husserl’s understanding of intentionality will be guided by the aim of finding out whether the mode of being of the entity which manifests the phenomenon of intentionality, Dasein, has been exhibited in the way of access most proper to this entity, when it is understood in accord with Husserl’s understanding of intentionality.
Tax Expenditures and Employee Benefits: Estimates from the FY 2008 Budget

The federal government supports the provision of employee benefits through preferential tax treatment in the Internal Revenue Code. There are three types of tax treatments for employee benefits: tax exemption, tax deferral, and other preferential treatment. The Congressional Budget Act of 1974 (P.L. 93-344) requires that a list of "tax expenditures" (federal tax revenue forgone due to preferential provisions) be included in the budget. This paper includes a listing of the employee benefit tax expenditures, as published in President Bush's Fiscal Year 2008 budget, prepared by the White House Office of Management and Budget, using a methodology that is controversial but mandated by Congress. The PDF for the above title, published in the June 2007 issue of EBRI Notes, also contains the fulltext of another June 2007 EBRI Notes article abstracted on SSRN: "Labor-Force Participation: The Population Age 55 and Older."
Codes, Distortion, and Information

Information theory, the mathematical theory of communication, originated with the classical papers of Claude Shannon [73], [74]. Shannon modeled communication systems as random processes, introduced probabilistic definitions of information, and used classical ergodic theorems together with new ergodic theorems for information to develop coding theorems, results which quantified the optimal achievable performance in idealized communication systems. Shannon considered two fundamental aspects of communication: source coding or the mapping of an information source into a representation suitable for transmission on a channel and channel coding or error control coding for the reliable communication over a noisy channel. Our emphasis has been on and will remain on source coding.
AAV‐mediated gene therapy as a strategy to fight obesity and metabolic diseases

The fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a member of the FGF superfamily that now comprises 22 members identified in humans. Unlike the canonical role of most FGF family members, FGF21 is released into the circulation and acts as an endocrine hormone by binding with low affinity to FGF receptors (FGFRs) as well as to the co‐receptor β‐klotho in the target cells to trigger the ERK1/2 and MAPKs signaling pathways. Described initially as a hepatokine, subsequent studies identified significant amounts of FGF21 transcript in the pancreas, the adipose tissue, and the skeletal muscle. FGF21 expression is highly regulated by environmental stimuli such as starvation, ketogenic diet, cold exposure, and exercise.
Teaching PSC to Gen Z.

This is a report of a case study of a course taught to upper-level, undergraduate students in a moderate sized, southern, public university. This review applies key tenets of established literature...
Using Reflection and Digital Storytelling via ePortfolios to Support the Professional Development of Engineering Graduate Students

This Innovative Practice Work In Progress paper discusses the pilot Portfolio to Professional (P2P) program at Stanford University which supports graduate students in engineering and other disciplines to create a professional ePortfolio and to establish an online presence. These guided activities draw upon the principles of folio thinking, storytelling, and digital presence. Throughout this process, students engage in an iterative process of reflection as they consider how they want to present themselves and their work by soliciting feedback using think-aloud protocols and peer review strategies. The P2P program is uniquely suited to the needs of engineering graduate students seeking to represent a broad set of skills and experiences acquired prior to and during their graduate education, as they seek to understand their own professional identities and as they explore both academic and industry career pathways.
Multimodal and Motor Influences on Orientation: Implications for Adapting to Weightless and Virtual Environments

Human sensory-motor control and orientation involve the correlation of sensory information from many modalities with motor information about ongoing patterns of voluntary and reflexive activation of the body musculature. The vestibular system represents only one of the acceleration-sensitive receptor systems of the body conveying spatial information. Touch- and pressure-dependent receptors, somatosensory and interoceptive, as well as proprioceptive receptors contribute, along with visual and auditory signals specifying relative motion between self and surround. Control of body movement and orientation is dynamically adapted to the 1G force background of Earth. Exposure to non-1G environments such as in space travel produces a variety of sensory-motor disturbances, and often motion sickness, until adaptation is achieved. Exposure to virtual environments in which body movements are not accompanied by normal patterns of inertial and sensory feedback can also lead to control errors and elicit motion sickness.
A Novel Photoreactive Excipient to Probe Peptide-Matrix Interactions in Lyophilized Solids.

Abstract Excipients used in lyophilized protein drug products are often selected by a trial-and-error method, in part, because the analytical methods used to detect protein-excipient interactions in lyophilized solids are limited. In this study, photolytic labeling was used to probe interactions between salmon calcitonin (sCT) and excipients in lyophilized solids. Two diazirine-derived photo-excipients, photo-leucine (pLeu) and photo-glucosamine (pGlcN), were incorporated into lyophilized solids containing sCT, together with an unlabeled excipient (sucrose or histidine) at prelyophilization pH values from 6 to 9.9. Commercially available pLeu was selected as an ionizable photo-excipient and amino acid analog, while pGlcN was synthesized as an analog of sugar-based excipients. Photolytic labeling was induced by exposing the solids to UV light (365 nm, 30-60 min), and the resulting products were identified and quantified with liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry. The distribution of photo-reaction products was affected by the photoreactive reagent used, the type of unlabeled excipient, and the solution pH before lyophilization. When other components of the solid were identical, the extent and sites of labeling on sCT were different for pGlcN and pLeu. The results suggest that ionizable and nonionizable excipients interact differently with sCT in lyophilized solids and that photo-excipients can be used to map these interactions.
Information System for Collection, Processing and Presentation of Data from Sensor Nodes

Data collection and processing are key stages in research. In modern studies used on an increasing volume and variety of input parameters, which requires the integration of new approaches in working with them. The proposed system automates the data collection, processing and provisioning process using an open, flexible architecture that enables integration into a variety of complexity and character projects.
The economic impact of substandard and falsified antimalarial medications in Nigeria

Introduction Substandard and falsified medications pose significant risks to global health. Nearly one in five antimalarials circulating in low- and middle-income countries are substandard or falsified. We assessed the health and economic impact of substandard and falsified antimalarials on children under five in Nigeria, where malaria is endemic and poor-quality medications are commonplace. Methods We developed a dynamic agent-based SAFARI (Substandard and Falsified Antimalarial Research Impact) model to capture the impact of antimalarial use in Nigeria. The model simulated children with background characteristics, malaria infections, patient care-seeking, disease progression, treatment outcomes, and incurred costs. Using scenario analyses, we simulated the impact of substandard and falsified medicines, antimalarial resistance, as well as possible interventions to improve the quality of treatment, reduce stock-outs, and educate caregivers about antimalarial quality. Results We estimated that poor quality antimalarials are responsible for 12,300 deaths and $892 million ($890-$893 million) in costs annually in Nigeria. If antimalarial resistance develops, we simulated that current costs of malaria could increase by $839 million (11% increase, $837-$841 million). The northern regions of Nigeria have a greater burden as compared to the southern regions, with 9,700 deaths and $698 million ($697-$700 million) in total economic losses annually due to substandard and falsified antimalarials. Furthermore, our scenario analyses demonstrated that possible interventions—such as removing stock-outs in all facilities ($1.11 billion), having only ACTs available for treatment ($594 million), and 20% more patients seeking care ($469 million)—can save hundreds of millions in costs annually in Nigeria. Conclusions The results highlight the significant health and economic burden of poor quality antimalarials in Nigeria, and the impact of potential interventions to counter them. In order to reduce the burden of malaria and prevent antimalarials from developing resistance, policymakers and donors must understand the problem and implement interventions to reduce the impact of ineffective and harmful antimalarials.
Goals, events, and understanding in Ifaluk emotion theory

I have three goals in this paper. The first is to represent formally the knowledge about emotions held by the Ifaluk people of Micronesia. That knowledge can be seen to be structured in two fundamental ways: The first is in terms of salient events in everyday life, and the second is in terms of the culturally constructed goals held by the Ifaluk. The second aim is to address the question of the actual status of ethnotheory in social interaction; I stress the idea that the emotional understanding this ethnotheory allows is, in actual practice, an understanding that is negotiated between individuals. Third, I reject the view that ethnotheoretic models of emotion are aptly characterized as involving “cognition about emotion” or “thinking about feeling.” Introduction I would like to tell two stories here. To understand each story, it is necessary to present the underlying cultural and cognitive model that structures the understanding of the characters in them. The first story is a simple one because it merely involves narration, an assertion made by one character and left unanswered by others. The complexity of the second story arises because it tells a more fully social tale; the characters not only theorize, they also attempt to convince others that their theory is at least plausible, if not the only possible route to proper understanding of the events at hand.
How financial market in Bangladesh appraises efficiency

This paper investigates how firm-level efficiency has been appraised by both capital market and money market in Bangladesh using an unbalanced panel of 137 public limited companies listed in Dhaka Stock Exchange over the period 2006–2016. Efficiency is measured as the distance from the industry’s ‘best practice’ production frontier. Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) method is applied to construct the frontier using a Cobb–Douglas production function of employment and fixed capital determining output of firms. We find a U-shaped relationship between efficiency and the market value of the firms which indicates that the capital market positively values efficient utilization of resources by matured firms. Besides, our results show a U-shaped relationship between efficiency and leverage as well which indicates a dominance of the franchise-value hypothesis at the lower level of efficiency and a dominance of the efficiency-risk hypothesis over the other. Different estimation techniques and model specifications have been used to check robustness and consistency of our results controlling for unobserved firm-specific effects and endogeneity. The results obtained in this paper imply that improved efficiency can be applied as a strategic indicator to the shareholders for assessing firm value and to the financial institutions for assessing debt capacity of the firms.
Temporalis muscle width as a measure of sarcopenia correlates with overall survival in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma

Sarcopenia has been shown to correlate with poor oncologic outcomes, but the optimal method to evaluate sarcopenia and its use as a prognostic tool in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remain unclear. We developed a method to reproducibly quantify sarcopenia using the temporalis muscle and correlated sarcopenia with overall survival (OS) in GBM patients. We measured the temporalis muscle width (TMW) on the postoperative radiotherapy CT simulation scan of 87 newly diagnosed GBM patients from 2011 to 2016. All patients successfully completed standard of care radiotherapy to a dose of 6000 cGy in 30 fractions with concurrent temozolomide without treatment breaks. TMW was measured bilaterally on four axial CT slices defined by bony orbit anatomy: orbit ceiling, superior quarter (equidistant between orbit and mid-orbit), mid-orbit, and inferior quarter (equidistant between mid-orbit and orbit floor). For analysis, TMW was dichotomized to either wide or narrow TMW by the median TMW and correlated with OS using Cox regression models. TMW at the orbit inferior quarter significantly correlated with OS. Median OS for wide TMW (> 1.583 cm) was greater than that of narrow TMW: 28.3 mo vs. 22.2 mo (HR (wide/narrow) = 0.42, 95% CI = (0.22, 0.82), p = 0.01), controlling for resection type and MGMT methylation. This effect was pronounced especially in the following patient subsets: females (HR (wide/narrow) = 0.26, 95% CI = (0.07, 0.92), p = 0.04) and patients without MGMT methylation (HR = 0.35, 95% CI = (0.15, 0.81), p = 0.01). Our results suggest sarcopenia and TMW correlate with GBM OS. Prospective validation of sarcopenia is needed to evaluate its potential in determining optimal patient treatment.
Communicating Support in Pride Collection Advertising: The Impact of Gender Expression and Contribution Amount

Each year numerous brands, including those with a global consumer base, develop “Pride collections” or, limited-edition, often rainbow-patterned products created for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transge...
Technology and Cryptocurrency Valuation: Evidence from Machine Learning

This paper studies the role of technological sophistication in Initial Coin Offering (ICO) successes and valuations. Using various machine learning methods, we construct technology indexes from ICO whitepapers to capture technological sophistication for all cryptocurrencies. We find that the cryptocurrencies with high technology indexes are more likely to succeed and less likely to be delisted subsequently. Moreover, the technology indexes strongly and positively predict the long-run performances of the ICOs. Overall, the results suggest that technological sophistication is an important determinant of cryptocurrency valuations.
ASXL1 Directs Neutrophilic Differentiation via Modulation of MYC and RNA Polymerase II.

Abstract Mutations in the gene Additional Sex-Combs Like 1 (ASXL1) are recurrent in myeloid malignancies as well as the pre-malignant condition clonal hematopoiesis, where they are universally associated with poor prognosis. An epigenetic regulator, ASXL1 canonically directs the deposition of H3K27me3 via the polycomb repressive complex 2. However, its precise role in myeloid lineage maturation is incompletely described. We utilized single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on a murine model of hematopoietic-specific ASXL1 deletion and identified a specific role for ASXL1 in terminal granulocyte maturation. Terminal maturation is accompanied by down regulation of Myc expression and cell cycle exit. ASXL1 deletion leads to hyperactivation of Myc in granulocyte precursors and a quantitative decrease in neutrophil production. This failure of normal developmentally-associated Myc suppression is not accompanied by significant changes in the landscape of covalent histone modifications including H3K27me3. Examining the genome-wide localization of ASXL1 in myeloid progenitors revealed strong co-localization with RNA Polymerase II (RNAPII) at the promoters and spread across the gene bodies of transcriptionally active genes. ASXL1 deletion results in a decrease in RNAPII promoter-proximal pausing in granulocyte progenitors, indicative of a global increase in productive transcription, consistent with the known role of ASXL1 as a mediator of RNAPII pause release. These results suggest that ASXL1 inhibits productive transcription in granulocyte progenitors, identifying a new role for this epigenetic regulator and highlighting a novel potential oncogenic mechanism for ASXL1 mutations in myeloid malignancies.
Case of homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia with premature coronary artery disease

Familial hypercholesterolaemia is a genetic disorder secondary to mutation of one or more of the genes critical for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) metabolism; these mutation(s) cause highly elevated serum LDL-C, significantly increasing the risk of early cardiovascular events and mortality. Homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HoFH) is rare and often leads to accelerated coronary atherosclerosis presenting within the first two decades of life. We report a case of a 14-year-old boy who presented after surviving a ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest. His highly elevated LDL-C level prompted further workup and led to a diagnosis of HoFH. The treatment included medical therapy and coronary artery bypass grafting. The patient also required referral for lipid apheresis to meet goal LDL-C level, and an automated implantable cardioverter defibrillator for secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death. HoFH, if left untreated, can have devastating consequences Therefore, timely diagnosis initiating appropriate therapy is important.
Technoeconomic assessment of hydrogen cogeneration via high temperature steam electrolysis with a light-water reactor

Abstract Increased electricity production from renewable energy resources, coupled with low natural gas (NG) prices, has caused existing light-water reactors (LWRs) to experience diminishing returns from the electricity market. This reduction in revenue is forcing LWRs to consider alternative revenue streams, such as introduction hydrogen production or desalination, to remain profitable. This paper performs a technoeconomic assessment (TEA) regarding the viability of retrofitting existing pressurized-water reactors (PWRs) to produce green hydrogen (H2) via high-temperature steam electrolysis (HTSE). Such an integration would allow nuclear facilities to expand into additional markets that may be more profitable in the long term and eliminate CO2 emissions from the hydrogen production process. To accommodate such an integration, a detailed single market levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) and multimarket analyses were conducted of HTSE process operation, requirements, costing, and flexibility. Alongside this costing analysis, market analyses were conducted on the electric and hydrogen markets in the PJM interconnect. Utilizing a novel stochastic, dispatch optimization approach results suggest that a positive gain is achievable, and by operating in multiple markets, the nuclear facility can avoid the sale of electricity during times of low electricity market pricing, while maintaining the ability to capitalize on the high electricity market pricing. It should be noted that the analysis conducted is a differential cash flow analysis and, as such, does not present profit levels. LCOH analysis results demonstrate the potential exists to produce hydrogen at a cost as low as $1.20/kg. This price is lower than traditional steam methane reforming (SMR) allowing nuclear based hydrogen production to disrupt the existing hydrogen production market.
Implementing Software Engineering Practices

The Baseline Process. The Framework. The Requirements Definition Phase. Establishing the Requirements. Establishing the External Interfaces. Planning the Acceptance Test. Software Development Planning. Software Configuration Management. Software Quality Assurance. The Software Standards and Procedures Manual. The Software Requirements Review. The Preliminary Design Phase. Establishing the Top-Level Design. Planning the Integration of the Software. Developing User Documentation. The Rest of the Reviews and Audits. The Rest of the Phases. Appendices. Index.
Mossy Fibers Terminate Directly Within Purkinje Cell Zones During Mouse Development

The cerebellum is organized into a map of zones that is manifested in various ways according to gene expression, anatomical connectivity, neuronal firing properties, behavioral specificity, and susceptibility to disease. At the center of every zone is the Purkinje cell, the principal cell type of the cerebellum and sole output of the cerebellar cortex. During development, Purkinje cells are thought to coordinate the zonal patterning of all other cell types. However, the morphogenetic mechanism that mediates the interaction between Purkinje cells and afferent fibers remains unclear. To address this problem in vivo, I took advantage of a rapid fluorescent-based transynaptic tracing approach to determine the nature of mossy fiber to Purkinje cell connectivity during early postnatal development, a period when the afferent map is assembling into clear-cut zonal circuits. By injecting WGA-Alexa 555 into the lower thoracic-upper lumber spinal cord, I found that spinocerebellar mossy fibers transynaptically transfer tracer into zones of Purkinje cells that are directly adjacent to the fibers. The traced Purkinje cell zones formed a zebrin-like pattern that was defined by the expression of neurofilament heavy chain (NFH), a marker of zones in the postnatal developing cerebellum. These results suggest that Purkinje cells generate the zonal circuit map by using molecular cues, neuronal activity, and synaptic contact.
Colloquium paper: a role for relaxed selection in the evolution of the language capacity.

Explaining the extravagant complexity of the human language and our competence to acquire it has long posed challenges for natural selection theory. To answer his critics, Darwin turned to sexual selection to account for the extreme development of language. Many contemporary evolutionary theorists have invoked incredibly lucky mutation or some variant of the assimilation of acquired behaviors to innate predispositions in an effort to explain it. Recent evodevo approaches have identified developmental processes that help to explain how complex functional synergies can evolve by Darwinian means. Interestingly, many of these developmental mechanisms bear a resemblance to aspects of Darwin's mechanism of natural selection, often differing only in one respect (e.g., form of duplication, kind of variation, competition/cooperation). A common feature is an interplay between processes of stabilizing selection and processes of relaxed selection at different levels of organism function. These may play important roles in the many levels of evolutionary process contributing to language. Surprisingly, the relaxation of selection at the organism level may have been a source of many complex synergistic features of the human language capacity, and may help explain why so much language information is “inherited” socially.
Minimal fuel consumption of electric propulsion space vehicles for deep space exploration

The objective of this research is to find a near optimal control strategy of an electric propulsion space vehicle to consume minimal fuel while traversing between two points in space. Micro genetic algorithms (GA) with the concept of Elitism is used to determine this optimal control.
Urban Politics: Critical Approaches, edited by Mark Davidson and Deborah Martin, London, Sage, 2013, 235 pp, £24.99 (paperback), ISBN 978-0-85702-398-8.

This collection of essays by geographers takes as its unifying theme the socio-spatial dynamics of power and contestation in and through contemporary cities. Rather than privileging a particular ov...
Jacobi and Gauss-Seidel Iterations for Polytopic Systems: Convergence via Convex M-Matrices

A natural generalization of the Jacobi and Gauss-Seidel iterations for interval systems is to allow the matrices to reside in convex polytopes. In order to apply the standard convergence criteria involving M-matrices to iterations for polytopic systems, we derive conditions for a convex polytope of matrices to be a polytope of M-matrices in terms of its vertices. We show the conditions are used in the convergence analysis of iterations for block and nonlinear polytopic systems.
Hormone-dependent Phosphorylation of Nuclear Proteins during Mammary Gland Differentiation in Vitro

Abstract Mouse mammary epithelial cells in organ culture incorporate 32Pi into histones and nonhistone nuclear phosphoproteins. This incorporation represents the phosphorylation of serine and threonine residues of completed polypeptide chains, as indicated by analysis of the 32P-labeled products and by the insensitivity of 32Pi incorporation to inhibitors of protein synthesis. Insulin stimulates nuclear protein phosphorylation 8- to 10-fold concomitantly with a stimulation of RNA synthesis and prior to a stimulation of histone polypeptide synthesis. Prolactin stimulates phosphorylation of certain histone fractions and nonhistone nuclear phosphoproteins and induces specific milk proteins after preliminary treatment of the explants with insulin and hydrocortisone. The results indicate that hormonal stimulation of RNA synthesis is closely coupled to phosphorylation of nuclear proteins, and they suggest that nuclear phosphoproteins may be involved in the regulation of gene expression in mammary epithelial cells.
Variable Eddington Factors and Flux Limiters in Radiative Transfer

The numerical stability, equilibrium diffusive limit, and accuracy of the variable Eddington factor (VEF) methods and flux-limited diffusion methods for radiation transport calculations are considered. The diffusive limit analysis proves that three VEF closures and their associated flux-limiters retain full first-order accuracy in the equilibrium diffusion limit while achieving the correct propagation speed in the optically thin streaming limit. The stability analysis reveals that the flux-limited diffusion methods are unconditionally stable, but the VEF equations with an arbitrary nonlinear closure can be numerically unstable for certain commonly used differencing schemes. However, regular solutions to the VEF equations are obtainable by Godunov-type schemes. Numerical comparisons among various solutions for a test problem show that flux-limited diffusion methods are only slightly less accurate than their corresponding VEF methods, and the Minerbo VEF method and the Minerbo flux-limited diffusion method are in general more accurate than other approximations.
First year performance for the roof-mounted, 45-kW PV-array on Oberlin College's Adam Joseph Lewis Center

The curved roof of Oberlin College's, all-electric, Environmental Studies Center sports a 4700 ft/sup 2/, 45-kW, photovoltaic array consisting of 690, BP-Solar crystalline silicon modules arranged in 10 rows, each with a different tilt angle. The array is divided into three sub-arrays, each grid-connected through a 15-kW Trace inverter and a 15-kVA Square-D isolation transformer. The PV array produced 59000 kW-hr of energy in its first full year of operation. Our own calculations, which incorporate manufacturer specifications for modules, inverters, and transformers, combined with TMY2 weather data for Cleveland, project that the array will produce 67500 kW-hr annually, 12% higher than observed. Explanations for the performance deficit are suggested.
The Relationship Between Isokinetic Power and Selected Anaerobic Power Tests

. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between selected anaerobic power tests and isokineticpeak torque values and a criterion power measure established by the sum of several isokinetic power outputs. Forty college-age men participated in the study. The selected anaerobic power tests included the Margaria-Kalaman stair test, vertical jump, and leg and arm cranking power. Peak torque values were obtained from knee and elbow flexion and extension at 60 and 240 deg/sec. The results showed correlations (r) between the tests and the criterion ranged from r = 0.43 to r = 0.84 (p < 0.01). Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the percent of variance in the criterion that could be explained by the selected tests. Three significant (p < 0.01) equations were developed with multiple correlations (R) ranging from R = 0.84 to R = 0.92. Up to 85% of the variation in the criterion can be explained by the following test performances (in order of influence): the Margaria-Kalaman, summed peak elbow torques at 240 deg/sec, and leg cranking power.
Response to Bernays1

In his response to my article, “Historicism and Science: Thoughts on Quine” (Dialectica, Vol. 29, Nos. 2-3), Paul Bernays distinguishes between two aspects of the article: my criticism of Quine's theory of knowledge and my contention that the epistemological foundations of modern science lead to historicism. Bernays substantially accepts my criticism of Quine, particularly insofar as I reject Quine's behaviorism and “physicalism”. He opposes, however, my claim that historicism is implicit in the presuppositions of modern science. I argued that the historicism inherent in modern science is due to the essentially changeable character of modern science. Quine's theory of knowledge tacitly takes account of this changeable character a) through his view of sense experience as being constituted by posits, b) through his recognition that individual scientific statements are dependent upon a broad linguistic-conceptual framework that is itself subject to change, and c) through his pragmatic conception of reason and the concomitant emphasis upon the criterion of simplicity.
Effect of acarbose to delay progression of carotid intima-media thickness in early diabetes.

Background The anti-diabetic agent acarbose reduces postprandial glucose excursions. We have evaluated the effect of randomized treatment with acarbose on the progression of carotid intima–media thickness (IMT) in early diabetes. Methods The Early Diabetes Intervention Program was a randomized trial of acarbose versus placebo in 219 participants with early diabetes characterized by glucose values over 11.1 mmol/L 2 h after a 75 g oral glucose load and a mean HbA1c of 6.3%. IMT was measured at baseline and yearly. Follow-up was discontinued if participants progressed to the study glucose endpoints; IMT readings were available for a median of 2 years, with 72 subjects followed for 5 years. Results Progressive increases in IMT were seen in both treatment groups, but progression was reduced in participants randomized to acarbose (p = 0.047). In age, sex and smoking-adjusted analyses, IMT progression was associated with greater fasting and oral glucose tolerance test-excursion glucose, fasting insulin, cholesterol and glycated low-density lipoprotein concentrations. IMT progression was reduced with study-related changes in weight, insulin and non-esterified fatty acids; these features were more strongly associated with reduced IMT progression than acarbose treatment. Despite strong associations of baseline glycemia with IMT progression, study-related changes in glucose were not important determinants of IMT progression. Conclusions Acarbose can delay progression of carotid intima–media thickness in early diabetes defined by an oral glucose tolerance test. Glucose, weight, insulin and lipids contributed to risk of progression but reductions in glycemia were not major determinants of reduced rate of IMT progression. Vascular benefits of acarbose may be independent of its glycemic effects. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.