cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Note on Television in Vineland

One of the reasons some Modernist authors appropriated myths for their works was that myths provided writers and readers a shared way of speaking about and understanding the world. While Modernists informed their works with classical and Biblical myths, their successors tend to be more playful. In Vineland, his fourth novel, Thomas Pynchon evokes the myths of popular culture, especially those shaped by television. Television programs function mythically because they compose a body of stories, characters, and symbols that give expression to the aspirations and values of American culture. As Brad Leithauser notes, a television mythology assists communication among Vineland's characters. In a review of the novel, he writes: "Whatever the disparities in their outlooks, Pynchon's characters are united in having television serve as their communal well of learning, from which they draw their humor, morality, locutions, analogies" (7). But even more important, Pynchon and his public share a television mythology, and the author dips into this reservoir of myths to communicate with Vineland's readers. Some critics question this practice. Paul Gray, for example, considers it "disquieting to find a major author drawing cultural sustenance from 'The Brady Bunch' and '1 Love Lucy' instead of The Odyssey and the Bible" (70).
Cardiovascular hemodynamics in pregnancy. II. Cardiac output and left ventricular work in multiple pregnancy.

Abstract 1. 1. Changes in cardiac output and left ventricular work during pregnancy were determined in 34 women at various stages of single pregnancy, 20 women in twin pregnancy, and 2 women in triplet pregnancy, and compared to values obtained in 6 normal nonpregnant control subjects. 2. 2. In single pregnancy, the mean cardiac index rose to a peak of 44.2 per cent above normal in the interval of 25 to 28 weeks' gestation, and then fell progressively to normal by term. In twin pregnancy, the cardiac index remained on a relatively stable plateau of 48.0 per cent above normal from the twenty-first through the thirty-second week of gestation and then fell progressively, but was still 15.1 per cent above control values at term. 3. 3. Increments of left ventricular work paralleled increments in cardiac output. In single pregnancy, the peak increment in left ventricular work of 50.3 per cent was attained at 25 to 28 weeks' gestation. In twin pregnancy, the peak increment of 52.8 per cent was maintained from the twenty-fifth through the thirty-second week of gestation. 4. 4. Changes in cardiac output and left ventricular work were independent of previously determined changes in blood and plasma volumes in pregnancy.
Early Detection but Delayed Appearance of a bladder Tumor

Herein is described a case of bladder cancer first detected by urinary cytology 20 years before a definite cystoscopic diagnosis could be established. To our knowledge, this represents the longest such interval on record. The case indicates the reliability of Papanicolaou studies of the urine, especially when tumor cells are identified.
Entering the Just War Conversation

The core function of any frame is to advance a collective perception of some problem as well as a consensus concerning its optimal solution (Benford, 1987; Nepstad, 1997). As such, the claim that a consensus concerning the war problematique in US foreign policy has been cultivated through use of the ‘just war frame’ requires one to first assess when and under what conditions the resort to war is deemed legitimate in the American context, and whether that narrative exhibits fidelity with the hypothesized just war frame (Campbell, 1988; Rude, 1980; Gouldner, 1970). Evaluating the application of the just war frame as an instrument of the ‘politics of signification’ (Hall, 1997) ultimately requires one to consider the broad parameters of the social narrative within which the signifying frame in question might be embedded.
Feather pulp: a non-destructive sampling technique for electrophoretic studies of birds

Methode mise au point sur de plusieurs especes des genres Meleagris, Gallus, Coturnix, Anas etc en vue d'etudes ethiologiques, ecologiques et sur l'evolution
Effect of Turbidity on the Swimming Performance of the Golden Shiner, Notemigonus crysoleucas

Of the many environmental factors that could affect swimming performance and critical swimming speed (Ucrit), turbidity has received relatively little attention. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of turbidity on Golden Shiner (Notemigonus crysoleucas) swimming performance through the analysis of critical swimming speed. It was found that turbidity had an effect on critical swimming speeds; critical swimming speeds increased significantly with rising turbidity values. At the highest turbidity levels reported in this paper, Golden Shiner experienced a 56.5% increase in critical swimming speed over controls swimming in clear water. We likewise observed an increase in swimming efficiency and cost of transport with increasing turbidity. We suggest that a hydrodynamic effect may be the most likely explanation for the increase in performance and swimming efficiency observed in this study.
Comparing the Effects of Segmental and Global Stabilization Exercises on Patients with Low Back Pain Secondary to Spinal Instability

Abstract Purpose : To compare the effects of segmental and global stabilization exercises on patients with low back pain (LBP) secondary to spinal instability through a review of current literature, in order to establish an effective therapeutic exercise regimen to effectively resolve and prevent reoccurrence of LBP secondary to instability. Methods : A search of Academic Search Premier, the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literacy (CINAHL), and MEDLINE was performed. Articles found were restricted to information or clinical trials relevant to instability of the lumbar spine. Experimental intervention studies were restricted to those with human subjects. Keywords utilized for database searches include "instability of the lumbar spine", "stabilization exercise", "segmental stability of lumbar spine", "lumbar instability", "lumbar stability", "lumbar neutral zone", "segmental stabilization", "global stabilization" in combination with "physical therapy," "treatment," "efficacy," "stabilization," "transversus abdominus," and "multifidi." An article was included in the review of literature if it included content that pertained to understanding lumbar stability or clinical trials of patients with instability related low back pain. Results : The articles analyzed by the authors lend evidence for the effectiveness of both global and segmental therapeutic exercises for reducing low back pain secondary to instability. Segmental musculature appears to stabilize the spine at the local level due to close proximity to the lumbar segments and tonic contractility. Global musculature appears to stabilize the spine globally through compressive loading of the spine through all available segments and contribute greatly to gross motion. Both muscular groups appear to play distinct roles in spine stabilization. Conclusion : There has been substantial research developed on clinical trials in which exercise was used in the treatment of patients with nonspecific acute LBP as well as chronic LBP, however little evidence is currently available on efficacy of specific exercises targeting stabilizing musculature in the effort to conservatively treat patients with LBP secondary to spinal instability. Our research shows that segmental musculature can be trained via core stabilization exercises to provide active support directly to the lumbar spine. Restoring the segmental muscles to their proper function will increase spinal stability and decrease pain. Global musculature can then be trained to provide further spinal stability. Clinical relevance : Intra-abdominal pressure and muscle co-activation are effective means of increasing lumbar stability. Deep abdominal muscles offer significant increases in intra-abdominal pressure during contraction, and create a cylindrical corset to stabilize the lumbar spine. Muscle co-activation, particularly between lumbar multifidi and transversus abdominus stabilize the lumbar spine through opposing contraction.
Impact of sedation vs. general anaesthesia on percutaneous epicardial access safety and procedural outcomes.

Aims Patient movement while under moderate/deep sedation may complicate percutaneous epicardial access (EpiAcc), mapping and ablation. We sought to compare procedural outcomes in patients undergoing EpiAcc under sedation vs. general anaesthesia (GA) for ablation. Methods and results Patients undergoing EpiAcc between January 2004 and July 2014 were included. Safety, procedural, and clinical outcomes were compared between patients undergoing EpiAcc under sedation or GA for ventricular tachycardia or premature ventricular complex ablation. Between January 2004 and July 2014, 170 patients underwent EpiAcc (mean age, 53.2 ± 15.8 years; average ejection fraction, 44.3 ± 15.3%). The majority (122 [72%] patients) were male. GA was used in 69 (40.6%). There was no difference in route of access (more often anterior, 53.0%) or the rate of successful access (96% overall) between groups. Similarly, the site of ablation (endocardial vs. epicardial vs. combined endocardial/epicardial) was similar between groups. Complications were equally seen between groups—the most frequent event/complication was pericardial effusion, occurring in 10.6% of patients. Finally, procedural and clinical success rates between GA and sedation groups were comparable (93 vs. 91% and 44 vs. 51%, respectively, P > 0.05). Conclusions Choice of anaesthesia for EpiAcc does not appear to significantly affect safety and procedural or clinical outcomes. For patients in whom anaesthesia may pose increased risk, it is reasonable to obtain epicardial access under sedation.
Development and Application of a New Theoretical Model for Additive Impacts on Mineral Crystallization

Additives play an important role in crystallization controls in both natural and industrial processes. Due to the lack of theoretical understanding of how additives work, the use and design of additives in various disciplines are mostly conducted empirically. This study has developed a new theoretical model to predict the additive impacts on crystallization based on the classical nucleation theory and regular solution theory. The new model assumes that additives can impact the nucleus partial molar volume and the apparent saturation status of the crystallization minerals. These two impacts were parametrized to be proportional to additive concentrations and vary with inhibitors. As a practical example, this new model has been used to predict barite induction times without inhibitors from 4 to 250 °C and in the presence of eight different scale inhibitors from 4 to 90 °C. The predicted induction times showed close agreement with the experimental data published previously or produced in this study. Such agre...
Alternative psychotherapeutic practice among middle class Americans: II: Some conceptual and practical comparisons.

This article will contextualize ethnographic and clinicalfeatures that distinguish one particular alternativehealing method (Self-Acceptance Training) from‘mainstream’psychotherapeutic procedures. Factors common to manypsychotherapies are listed and a series of contrasts andcomparisons made by examining definitions of: (1) presentingproblems, (2) inciting events, (3) phasic development, (4)taxonomic classifications, (5) therapeutic interventions,and (6) prognostic formulations. The alternative method oftreatment described in a companion publication(‘SAT’) is used to makesome specific comparisons (Zatzick and Johnson 1997).Basch‘s (1980) concise recording of a dynamic therapy isborrowed for purposes of a comparative hypothetical treatmentof his patient through a Self-Acceptance Training session.Some directions for future work are suggested.
The asymmetric impact of currency purchasing power imparities on ADR mispricing

Abstract We investigate the influence of currency purchasing power imparities on the mispricing of American Depository Receipts (ADRs). Existing literature is mainly silent on this issue, despite the important implications such imparities have for potential exchange rate changes—and by extension, the returns on ADRs. We carry out our investigation using panel data and a sample of 218 ADRs and their underlying assets from 24 countries over the period from 1985 to 2013. We find robust evidence for a statistically significant relationship between currency purchasing power imparities and ADR mispricing. We show that a highly overvalued U.S. dollar is associated with larger (lower) ADR premiums (discounts), while a highly undervalued U.S. dollar is associated with lower (larger) ADR premiums (discounts). The finding suggests that the demand for ADRs increases as the U.S. dollar becomes more overvalued, driving up the price of the ADRs versus the underlying stocks. Finally, the results demonstrate the importance of considering exchange rate states when investigating the impact of currency movements on ADR pricing. We estimate our results for several sub-periods, as well as sub-samples of developed and developing countries.
A Pulsating Chest

After watching the video clip (Video), further evaluation for this infant should include 1 or more of the following: 1. Echocardiography 2. Ophthalmologic examination 3. Renal ultrasonography 4. Skeletal survey 5. Upper gastrointestinal series Video. Click here to view the video. ### Case The female infant in this video clip was born at 39 weeks’ gestation to a 40-year-old gravida 4 para 2 woman with normal prenatal findings. The infant was delivered via cesarean following a fetal heart rate tracing with variable decelerations. The infant required continuous positive airway pressure for 3 minutes. Her Apgar scores were 8 and 9 at 1 and 5 minutes of age, respectively. Her birth parameters included a weight of 3,700 g (84th percentile), length 53.0 cm (98th percentile), and occipitofrontal circumference 35.5 cm (91st percentile). Her physical examination findings were notable for a sternal defect with pulsations. Because of this finding, she was transferred to the NICU, where she initially required supplemental oxygen via high-humidity nasal cannula, but was quickly weaned to room air within a few hours. The video clip was obtained shortly after the infant was admitted to the NICU. The clip depicts a newborn with a U-shaped defect in …
Invariant Markov Processes Under Actions of Topological Groups

Although the main purpose of this work is to study invariant Markov processes under actions of Lie groups, in this first chapter we will develop the basic definitions and properties under the more general action of a topological group which is assumed to be locally compact. A special case is a Markov process in a topological group G invariant under the action of G on itself by left translations. Such a process may be characterized by independent and stationary increments, and will be called a Levy process in G, see Section §1.2. A more general case is a Markov process in a topological space X under the transitive action of a topological group G. Such a process may be regarded as a process in a topological homogeneous space G∕K of G. We will develop some basic properties under the assumption that K is compact. Because such a process may be characterized by independent and stationary increments in a certain sense, so will be called a Levy process in G∕K, see §1.3. These results may be extended to time inhomogeneous invariant Markov processes, called inhomogeneous Levy processes, see §1.4. In all these cases, the distribution of the process is characterized by a convolution semigroup of probability measures on G or on G∕K. It is shown in §1.5 and §1.6 that an invariant Markov process under a non-transitive action, under some suitable assumptions, may be decomposed into a radial part and an angular part. The radial part can be an arbitrary Markov process in a subspace that is transversal to the orbits of the group action, and under the conditional distribution given the radial process, the angular part is an inhomogeneous Levy process in the standard orbit.
Radical Choice Fulfilled and the Normative Ought

We have discussed the Thesis of Subjectivity in terms of meaningful experience and ideality. But we have not yet fully connected this discussion to the problem of the uniqueness of being-human. Our purpose is to provide a vantage point for the transition from “is” to “ought,” and this “is” must be communicatively defended as that which distinguishes human beings from all non-human things. In lieu of the traditional concept of “human nature,” we adopt a new word, “Humanitude,” to capture the unique-ness of human life in relation to Subjectivity. We will show that those who have gone through Radical Choice affirmatively will have in effect chosen Subjectivity as the arch-value. This archvalue will generate the first “ought” at the moment of Radical Choice. Accordingly, the first normative validity claim we make will be redeemed after Radical Choice. This is indeed a self-affirmation of Subjectivity through a quasi-Hegelian “Aufhebung” mediated by communicative argumentation.
Effect of stoichiometry on the evolution of thermally annealed long-range ordering in Ni–Cr alloys

Abstract Ni-based alloys, such as alloys 690 and 625, are widely used in the nuclear industry as structural components, because of their desirable mechanical properties and resistance to stress corrosion cracking. However, in some high chromium alloys, a disorder-order phase transformation near 33 at% Cr, is known to decrease ductility and fracture toughness. In this study, the ordering transformation is investigated in Ni–Cr binary model alloys to better understand the effects of composition. Model alloys with different stoichiometries (Ni/Cr = 1.8, 2.0, 2.2, 2.4) were isothermally aged up to 10,000 h at three temperatures (373 °C, 418 °C, and 475 °C) and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), microhardness, and synchrotron-based X-ray diffraction (XRD). TEM results show the evolution of the Ni2Cr (MoPt2-type) ordered precipitates between 3000 h and 10,000 h with corresponding size of ∼10–20 nm. Microhardness testing results show that off-stoichiometry (Ni/Cr ≠ 2.0) alloys exhibit a smaller change with ordering compared to the stoichiometric (Ni/Cr = 2.0) alloy at all temperatures. XRD quantifies ordering induced lattice contraction in the matrix structure and the size of the ordered precipitates. No BCC Cr was detected by XRD or TEM during characterization in the range of 29.83–35.66 at% Cr after 10,000 h of aging, confirming that all of the hardening can be attributed to the development of Ni2Cr in alloys ranging from Ni/Cr of 1.8 to Ni/Cr of 2.4.
Presenting Characteristics and Symptom Burden of Newly Diagnosed Older Multiple Myeloma Patients in the Commpass Study

Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a disease of older adults, with a median age of diagnosis in the late 60s. While treatment advances have prolonged overall survival (OS) in MM, improvements have been modest among older MM patients. Symptom burden and quality of life are concerns for older patients, as they are more susceptible to treatment intolerance and dose reduction or treatment cessation. Older patients are often under-represented in clinical trials, and less information is available regarding their presenting clinical characteristics and treatment course. The Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation (MMRF) CoMMpass study, is a multicenter study in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. It collects clinical-molecular data and patient reported health-related quality of life measures (EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-MY20). In this study, we analyzed data from the CoMMpass study and compared presenting clinical characteristics, symptom burden and genetic features of newly diagnosed MM patients ≥ 75 years of age and those 75 years to confirm prior observations that the incidence of t(4;14) decreases with age (Avet-Loiseau et al. 2013). Methods: Clinical data from the interim analysis 6 of the CoMMpass study was extracted via the MMRF Researcher Gateway. CoMMpass eligibility requirements include: symptomatic MM with measureable disease by SPEP (≥1.0g/dL), UPEP (≥200mg/24 hours), or SFLC (≥10mg/dL); receiving an immunomodulator and/or a proteasome inhibitor for initial MM treatment; and no prior malignancies in the past 5 years.Enrollment began in July 2011. Clinical data is recorded at enrolling centers by data analysts. Analysis was with STATA 12.0. Categorical variables were compared with χ2; continuous variables were compared with student9s t-tests and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. Results: 625 patients were eligible for analysis. 92 patients were ≥ 75 years of age, and 533 were 75 years showed a trend towards decreasing rates of t(4;14).Results are summarized in Table 1. Conclusion: Older patients in this study had higher ISS stage at diagnosis and worse ECOG performance status scores. Baseline labs showed inferior renal function and lower platelet and hemoglobin levels. Emotional and financial status was rated higher than younger patients, while physical functioning was worse. A trend towards decreased incidence of t(4;14) was appreciated by age. Disclosures Vij:Takeda, Onyx: Research Funding; Celgene, Onyx, Takeda, Novartis, BMS, Sanofi, Janssen, Merck: Consultancy.
Digital Propaganda—Russia or the Kid Next Door?

The trust challenge deriving from digital propaganda today is that this threat to national security for both old and new NATO countries does not just come from a single foreign actor. The expansion of democracy, as well as the defense of our nations, is being compromised by the subtle dance of multiple actors who can easily capitalize on the political, cultural and religious divisions within. The same technology that is being used by Russia and China in democracy interference efforts—behavioral data tracking, search engine optimization, and artificial intelligence—can also be used to sell products and influence perception of policies. While the Russians may be tracking users’ online profiles and behavior in order to influence who they vote for, it is equally possible that U.S. domestic political parties, fringe nationalist extremist groups, and special interest lobbies are doing the same. Can democratic nations create effective defense efforts that transcend domestic borders? How do we differentiate truthful storytelling in the cybersphere from digital propaganda? To answer these questions, this chapter examines what is meant by digital propaganda, who is using it with what tools, what is currently being done to counter the challenges, and what remains to be done so that social media users are aware of the many actors influencing their perceptions, be it political interest groups, Russia or the loner activist kid next door.
A longitudinal study of novice primary school teachers’ knowledge and quality of mathematics instruction

Little is known about the relationship between knowledge and instructional quality of novice primary school teachers during their first 3 years of teaching mathematics. This study utilizes the Classroom video analysis and the Mathematical quality of instruction to examine changes in beginning teachers’ usable knowledge and instructional quality, respectively, and their relationship in each year. The analyses reveal positive associations between knowledge and instructional quality in the second and third year of teaching. Two case study teachers illustrate the tight link between knowledge and practice and how different school contexts provide contrasting opportunities to learn from practice, thus contributing to the different patterns of knowledge and instructional quality over time. The findings suggest that usable knowledge of student mathematical thinking at the beginning of the profession supports teacher improvement in both knowledge and practice over time if the vision of the school context is aligned with student-centered instruction.
Conjugated Barcoded Particles for Multiplexed Biomarker Quantification with a Microfluidic Biochip

Multiplexing is a method of analyzing multiple analytes in a biological assay in a single step. Multiplexing provides advantages of sample sparring, shorter time to result and reduce tests cost. To achieve multiplexing we have used barcoded particles which were fabricated by a Stop Flow Lithography process in a microfluidic environment. Here, we present a microfluidic system for electrical differentiation of barcoded particles and its sensitivity to enumerate blood cells. The barcoded particles conjugated with different sized microspheres simulating blood cells generated distinct electrical signatures when passed through a microfluidic coulter counter, highlighting its ability for multiplexed analyte quantification. Such multiplexing system can be used for detecting multiple diagnostics and prognostic biomarkers in diseases like Sepsis, Acute Kidney Injury, and AIDS diagnostic and management.
Concordance of self-reported practice patterns of American Rhinologic Society members with the International Consensus Statement of Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis.

Background The 2016 International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR:RS) is a collaborative distillation of available research and consensus recommendations for the management for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). However, implementation of the ICAR:RS recommendations in the reality of clinical practice is not clearly defined. Methods An anonymous, web-based survey of the American Rhinologic Society membership was performed in October, 2018. Respondents were asked about the frequency that they recommended the various treatments reviewed in ICAR:RS in the context of medical management for CRS. A 7-point Likert-type scale assessed the frequency of treatment patterns. Results A total of 140 members completed the survey (response rate 11.9%). Seventy-two (51.4%) were in practice for 0 to 15 years, 61 (43.6%) completed a rhinology fellowship, and 73 (52.1%) worked in private practice. Disparate treatment patterns were reported for each of the therapies assessed for CRS, including those that were "recommended" or "recommended against" in ICAR:RS. Members with 100 sinus surgeries per year were more likely to use topical antibiotics. Conclusion The range of reported treatment patterns identified in this study despite the availability of the ICAR:RS recommendations may suggest the need for improved standardization of CRS management.
The mechanisms underlying opioid-induced hyperalgesia and chronic postoperative pain

Background The mechanisms underlying opioid induced hyperalgesia (OIH) and chronic post-surgical pain (CPSP) remain unclear. Accumulating evidence supports that OIH and CPSP may share common neural circuit bases. Objective This review discusses the relationship between OIH and CPSP in terms of the mechanisms underlying their development and the therapeutic strategies of these two diseases. Content The development of OIH involves the sensitization of the nervous system, which may be relevant to the hyperactivity of glutaminergic neurons, enhanced release of some endogenous neuropeptides, mobilization of the descending facilitation pathway of pain transduction, and genetic factors, as well. Inhibiting glutamate receptors and reducing the release of neurotransmitters are major therapeutic strategies for OIH. Central sensitization is also a major pathophysiological feature of CPSP following nerve injury. Although treatment of OIH relieves acute pain and reduces prevalence of CPSP, but the relationship between OIH and CPSP is not well-understood. Trend Further studies are required to reveal the relationship between the OIH and CPSP. Key words: Analgesics, opioid; Hyperalgesia; Chronic pain; Sensitization
COVID-19 Care Package Distribution for Senior Citizens and Families in Detroit and Hamtramck, Michigan

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased food insecurity in underserved communities and community partners have joined together to assist families in need. The Association of Chinese Americans Detroit Chapter and Eastern Michigan University Center for Health Disparities Innovations and Studies engaged community partners and distributed care packages to provide nutritious foods and personal protection products to seniors and homeless families in southeastern Michigan. The nutritious foods were tailored to cultural food preferences.
Substance use disorders and COVID-19: the role of telehealth in treatment and research

Telehealth, or the use of telecommunications and virtual technology to deliver health care and engage with patients outside of traditional health-care facilities, can play an important role in addr...
Americans with Disabilities Act Litigation and Musculoskeletal-Related Impairments: Implications for Work Re-Entry

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) was designed, in part, to assist in work re-entry for the disabled. ADA-related complaints that are more difficult to resolve and consequently reach the litigation stage may provide useful insights into the challenges associated with the re-integration of disabled workers into the workplace. The present study identified patterns of impairments and areas of dispute from all ADA litigation (n = 189) between 1990 to 1996. While HIV/AIDS was the most common single impairment category (18.8%), combined musculoskeletal-related (i.e., back and upper extremity) impairments comprised the largest group of impairments (23.4% of total) involved in litigation. The top two areas of dispute were termination and alleged failure to provide reasonable accommodation, respectively. The distribution of musculoskeletaland nonmusculoskeletal-related cases were similar for these two areas of dispute. These findings highlight the direction upon which effective work re-entry strategies for workers with musculoskeletal-related disabilities must focus. Efforts to provide effective accommodation for these workers should improve retum-to-work outcomes and reduce the risk of litigation. Specific recommendations for such efforts are provided.
Sustainable development frictions: lifestyle migration on the coast of Jalisco, Mexico

Abstract The concept of sustainability is materialized differently in luxury ecotourism development and in locally-directed community development initiatives. I examine the diverse environmental ideologies at play in these two distinct incarnations of "sustainable development" on the southern Jalisco, Mexico coast; first, in La Manzanilla, a community inhabited by a proportionately large population of leisure consumption-driven lifestyle migrants, then to the north, in elite ecotourism enclaves and a community displaced by a wealthy developer. I suggest these divergent development incarnations may be understood by expanding the concept of lifestyle migration to include a broader range of enactments of home, from different class perspectives. Global environmental ideologies and lifestyle migrant capital play a fundamental but not the only role in local sustainable development. I suggest global influences and local initiatives are creating a productive friction, reassembling global environmental knowledge and tourism imaginaries to suit local agendas. While there is no consensus on what sustainable development should look like in La Manzanilla, the intersection of initiatives is producing locally-directed development that contrasts with the erasure of local agendas happening in elite costal developments nearby. Keywords : sustainable development, friction, environmental ideology, tourism, lifestyle migration
Superresolution in Interferometric Imaging of Strong Thermal Sources

Imaging using interferometer arrays based on the Van Cittert--Zernike theorem has been widely used in astronomical observation. Recently it was shown that superresolution can be achieved in this system for imaging two weak thermal point sources. Using quantum estimation theory, we consider the fundamental quantum limit of resolving the transverse separation of two strong thermal point sources using interferometer arrays, and show that the resolution is not limited by the longest baseline. We propose measurement techniques using linear beam splitters and photon-number-resolving detection to achieve our bound. Our results demonstrate that superresolution for resolving two thermal point sources of any strength can be achieved in interferometer arrays.
Mitochondria Transfer in Bone Marrow Hematopoietic Activity

The well-established crosstalk between hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and bone marrow (BM) microenvironment is critical for the homeostasis and hematopoietic regeneration in response to blood formation emergencies. Past decade has witnessed that the intercellular communication mediated by the transfer of cytoplasmic material and organelles between cells can regenerate and/or repair the damaged cells. Mitochondria have recently emerged as a potential regulator of HSC fate. This review intends to discuss recent advances in the understanding of the mitochondrial dynamics, specifically focused on the role of mitochondrial transfer, in the maintenance of HSC activity with clear implications in stem cell transplantation and regenerative medicine. HSC are highly heterogeneous in their mitochondrial metabolism, and the quiescence and potency of HSC depend on the status of mitochondrial dynamics and the clearance of damaged mitochondria. Recent evidence has shown that in stress response, BM stromal cells transfer healthy mitochondria to HSC, facilitate HSC bioenergetics shift towards oxidative phosphorylation, and subsequently stimulate leukocyte expansion. Furthermore, metabolic rewiring following mitochondria transfer from HSPC to BM stromal cells likely to repair the damaged BM niche and accelerate limiting HSC transplantation post myeloablative conditioning. The alteration of mitochondrial dynamics, damaged mitochondrial clearance, and intercellular mitochondria transfer, fine-tuned by BM niche factors and stress signaling, has considerable impacts on hematopoietic and BM microenvironment regeneration. Elucidating the differential BM niche component on mitochondria transfer, the trigger signal, mode of transfer, and the fate of transferred mitochondria are essential to underpin their application in regenerative medicine and transplantation settings.
The Correlation Study Between Cigarette Smoking and the Severity of Coronary Lesions in 4174 Patients With Coronary Angiography

Objective: To explore the correlation between cigarette smoking with smoking amount and the occurrence of coronary artery disease(CAD) with the severity of coronary lesions by coronary angiography(CAG).Methods: A total of 4174 patients who received CAG examination in our hospital from September 1997 to July 2001 were retrospectively studied.All patients were divided into 2 groups,Smoking group,n=1936 and Non-smoking group,n=2238,The relationship between smoking with smoking amount and CAD occurrence with the severity of coronary lesions was studied.Results: Compared with Non-smoking group,Smoking group showed younger age,higher ratios of male gender,angina pectoris,myocardial infarction(MI) and positive CAG findings,all P0.001.With adjusted multi factors,smoking increased the risk of positive CAG findings(OR=1.756,95%CI=1.54~2.01,P0.001.There 3084 patients had positive CAG results and among them,for patients with 1-vessel disease,the percentage of heavy smoking,moderate smoking and non-smoking were 39.3%,11.6% and 49.0% respectively;for patients with multi vessel disease,the percentage for heavy smoking,moderate smoking and non-smoking were 37.7%,14.7% and 47.6 respectively;P0.05.Multi logistic regression analysis indicated that elder age(≥60 years),female gender,hypertension and diabetes were the independent risk factors for patients suffering from coronary multi-vessel disease.Conclusion: In patients who received CAG examination,the positive rate was more in smokers,while the smoking amount was not related to the severity of coronary lesions.
Sequential Gaussian simulation for geosystems modeling: A machine learning approach

Abstract Sequential Gaussian Simulation (SGSIM) as a stochastic method has been developed to avoid the smoothing effect produced in deterministic methods by generating various stochastic realizations. One of the main issues of this technique is, however, an intensive computation related to the inverse operation in solving the Kriging system, which significantly limits its application when several realizations need to be produced for uncertainty quantification. In this paper, a physics-informed machine learning (PIML) model is proposed to improve the computational efficiency of the SGSIM. To this end, only a small amount of data produced by SGSIM are used as the training dataset based on which the model can discover the spatial correlations between available data and unsampled points. To achieve this, the governing equations of the SGSIM algorithm are incorporated into our proposed network. The quality of realizations produced by the PIML model is compared for both 2D and 3D cases, visually and quantitatively. Furthermore, computational performance is evaluated on different grid sizes. Our results demonstrate that the proposed PIML model can reduce the computational time of SGSIM by several orders of magnitude while similar results can be produced in a matter of seconds.
Four functional magnetic resonance imaging techniques for skeletal muscle exploration, a systematic review

Abstract Background The study of muscle health has become more relevant lately, due to global aging and a higher incidence of musculoskeletal pathologies. Current exploration techniques, such as electromyography, do not provide accurate spatial information. Objective The objective of this work is to perform a systematic review of the literature to synthesize the contributions that can offer functional MRI techniques commonly used in neuroimaging, applied to skeletal muscle: Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD), IntraVoxel Incoherent Motion (IVIM), Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) and Dynamic Contrast Enhanced (DCE). Evidence acquisition Web of Science and Medline databases were searched, over the last 10 years, focused on the use of BOLD, ASL, IVIM or DCE in skeletal muscle. Evidence synthesis 59 articles were included after applying the selection criteria. 37 studies were performed in healthy subjects, and 22 in patients with different pathologies: in peripheral arterial disease, systemic sclerosis, diabetes, osteoporosis, adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, and dermatomyositis. Reference values in healthy subjects still vary in some cases. Conclusion The studies show the feasibility of implementing functional MRI through BOLD, ASL, IVIM or DCE imaging in several muscles and their possible utility in different pathologies. A synthesis of how to implement such exploration is given here. Clinical impact These four techniques are based on sequences already present in clinical MRI scanners, therefore, their use for functional muscle exploration does not require additional investment. These techniques allow visualization and quantification of parameters associated with the vascular health of the muscles and represent interesting support for musculoskeletal exploration.
Comparison of Predictions of Work-Hardening Theories for Two-Phase Alloys in Terms of Stored Energy: Eutectic Alloys Al-Al 3 Fe and Al-Al 6 Fe

Two theories [Brown and Clarke (B-C) and Tanaka and Mori (T-M)] that treat work hardening in two-phase alloys take into account the effects of precipitate shape. elastic inhomogeneity, and deformation mode. Both theories calculate the initial work hardening rate (θ). but in addition the T-M theory estimates the strain dependence of the stored energy, and the ratio of stored to expended energy. The experimental data of Adam and Wolfenden, which include values of stress, strain (∈), stored energy (E s ). and expended energy (E w ) for unidirectionally solidified eutectic alloys Al-Al 3 Fe and Al-Al 6 Fe. are used for comparing the abilities of the two theories to fit the data. The comparison shows that the parameters in both theories may be adjusted to give good values for θ, and that T-M theory yields excellent agreement for E s /E w for both alloys and for E s /∈ 2 for the Al-Al 6 Fe alloy.
La discriminación contra la pared

El articulo da cuenta del Taller de capacitacion en genero para capacitadoras/es en el area de comunicacion y del Encuentro Regional Genero en el periodismo: un nuevo enfoque; estos contaron con el apoyo de UNICEF.
Abstract P245: Sex-Specific Interaction Between Adiposity and Cellular Adhesion: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) Study

Background: Obesity is associated with diabetes, atherosclerosis, and inflammation. At the cellular level, how excess adiposity promotes atherogenesis is not fully understood. One of the pathways involves secretion of adipokines that stimulate endothelial dysfunction and subsequent atherogenesis by increasing endothelial permeability and leukocyte recruitment through increased expression of the adhesion molecules. However, the relationship of adiposity to adhesion molecules that promote atherosclerosis is largely unknown. Methods: Linear regression models were used to assess the sex-specific associations of cellular adhesion molecules (P- and L-selectin, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and HGF) and adiposity in 5,971 adults sampled at Exams 2 and 3 of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) study. Adiposity measures included body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip-ratio (WHR), and CT measures of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Results: The mean age of the cohort was 62 years old ...
Propagation Effects Modeling and Prediction

This chapter provides descriptions of prediction models and procedures used for the evaluation of atmospheric propagation degradation on satellite links. It is organized into sections for each of the major weather effects, including atmospheric gaseous attenuation, cloud and fog attenuation, rain attenuation, rain and ice depolarization and scintillation. Two excellent sources are available to provide predictions of attenuation due to gaseous absorption. They are the Liebe Complex Refractivity Model, and procedures developed by the ITU‐R. The ITU‐R provides two procedures for gaseous attenuation prediction: a detailed line‐by‐line summation of the spectral lines of water vapor and oxygen, similar to the Liebe method and, a simpler approximation to the line‐by line approach. The chapter presents two rain attenuation models that have performed well for many diverse regions and types of rain, the ITU‐R rain attenuation model, and the Crane global model.
Effects of usnic acid exposure on human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells in culture.

Usnic acid, a natural botanical product, is a constituent of some dietary supplements used for weight loss. It has been associated with clinical hepatotoxicity leading to liver failure in humans. The present study was undertaken for metabolism and toxicity evaluations of usnic acid in human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells in culture. The cells were treated with the vehicle control and usnic acid at concentrations of 0–100 µm for 24 h at 37 °C in 5% CO2. Following the treatment period, the cells were evaluated by biochemical and toxicogenomic endpoints of toxicity that included cytochrome P450 activity, cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and changes in pathway focused gene expression profiles. Usnic acid exposure resulted in increased P450 activity, cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in HepG2 cells. The pathway-focused gene expression analysis resulted in significantly altered expression of six genes out of a total of 84 genes examined. Of the six altered genes, three genes were up-regulated and three genes down-regulated. A marked up-regulation of one gene CCL21 associated with inflammation, one gene CCNC associated with proliferation and carcinogenesis and one gene UGT1A4 associated with metabolism as well as DNA damage and repair were observed in the usnic acid-treated cells compared with the vehicle control. Also a marked down-regulation of one gene CSF2 associated with inflammation and two genes (CYP7A1 and CYP2E1) associated with oxidative metabolic stress were observed in the usnic acid-treated cells compared with the control. The biomarkers used in this study demonstrate the toxicity of usnic acid in human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells, suggesting an oxidative mechanism of action. Published 2011. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Ensemble Filtering and Low-Resolution Model Error: Covariance Inflation, Stochastic Parameterization, and Model Numerics

AbstractThe use of under-resolved models in ensemble data assimilation schemes leads to two kinds of model errors: truncation errors associated with discretization of the large-scale dynamics and errors associated with interactions with subgrid scales. Multiplicative and additive covariance inflation can be used to account for model errors in ensemble Kalman filters, but they do not reduce the model error. Truncation errors can be reduced by increasing the accuracy of the numerical discretization of the large-scale dynamics, and subgrid-scale parameterizations can reduce errors associated with subgrid-scale interactions. Stochastic subgrid-scale parameterizations both reduce the model error and inflate the ensemble spread, so their effectiveness in ensemble assimilation schemes can be gauged by comparing with covariance inflation techniques. The effects of covariance inflation, stochastic parameterizations, and model numerics in two-layer periodic quasigeostrophic turbulence are compared on an f plane and...
Synaptopodin couples epithelial contractility to α-actinin-4–dependent junction maturation

The epithelial junction experiences mechanical force exerted by endogenous actomyosin activities and from interactions with neighboring cells. We hypothesize that tension generated at cell–cell adhesive contacts contributes to the maturation and assembly of the junctional complex. To test our hypothesis, we used a hydraulic apparatus that can apply mechanical force to intercellular junction in a confluent monolayer of cells. We found that mechanical force induces α-actinin-4 and actin accumulation at the cell junction in a time- and tension-dependent manner during junction development. Intercellular tension also induces α-actinin-4–dependent recruitment of vinculin to the cell junction. In addition, we have identified a tension-sensitive upstream regulator of α-actinin-4 as synaptopodin. Synaptopodin forms a complex containing α-actinin-4 and β-catenin and interacts with myosin II, indicating that it can physically link adhesion molecules to the cellular contractile apparatus. Synaptopodin depletion prevents junctional accumulation of α-actinin-4, vinculin, and actin. Knockdown of synaptopodin and α-actinin-4 decreases the strength of cell–cell adhesion, reduces the monolayer permeability barrier, and compromises cellular contractility. Our findings underscore the complexity of junction development and implicate a control process via tension-induced sequential incorporation of junctional components.
Levin and O'Neal's The Diabetic Foot. 7th ed.

John H. Bowker and Michael A. Pfeifer, editors. Philadelphia: Mosby; 2008. 627 pages. $169.00. ISBN: 978-0-323-04145-4. This is the most comprehensive book on the diabetic foot. This seventh edition is not just an expansion of the sixth edition. The editors have recruited many new authors and expanded and organized the contents into six sections, including The Foundations of Diabetic Foot Management (epidemiology …
Volatiles from Oranges.

SUMMARY— Orange essence was stripped from freshly reamed California Valencia orange juice and concentrated to about 150-fold by the Western Utilization Research vacuum-aroma-column (WURVAC) method. The organic volatiles were extracted from the aqueous essence with ether and analyzed by combined gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Chromatograms indicated the presence of more than 100 constituents; 39 of these were identified. Compounds previously unreported as orange volatiles are I-penten-3-01, methyl butyrate, methyl hexanoate, benzaldehyde, and γ-decanolactone.