cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Virtual complexities: Exploring literacy at the intersections of computer-mediated social formations

Abstract As more of our students gain access to the Internet and learn to write in electronic environments, literacy researchers in computers and composition need to begin studying the discursive practices of these students outside the classroom, such as on Internet, in relation to the classroom. This article explores the emergence of a lesbian, bisexual, and gay youth cyberculture as an example of such discursive practices.
Content-based retrieval for European image libraries

The principles of content-based image retrieval (CBIR) are now well-established, with a continuing flow of publications exploring various aspects of the technology. Practical applications receive rather less attention and few fully-developed instances have been described. In this paper, we review the remarks made by other authors that led us to believe that it was important to investigate what users expect when using CBIR and how they react to the interface provided. We report the results of observing a number of subjects, with varying experience, while using a CBIR system to search for images. We interpret these observations and obtain insights into the role CBIR might play in meeting the challenge of image retrieval. The work is being carried out as part of the ELISE project (Electronic Library Image Service for Europe), which is partly funded by the European Commission under its Fourth Framework Libraries Programme.
CAN “CLINICALLY APPLIED ANTHROPOLOGY” SURVIVE IN MEDICAL CARE SETTINGS?

[Michael R. Phillips is a Robert Wood Johnson Clinical Scholar who is a doctoral student in anthropology at the University of Washington. Dr. Phillips is also currently completing an MPH degree in epidemiology at that institution. After receiving his BSc in psychology from McGill University, Dr. Phillips attended McMaster University Medical School, receiving his MD degree in 1974. Following medical practice in New Zealand and Canada, and a year of study at Nanjizg University in China, he began studies in Seattle, where he is currently acting instructor in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at the University of Washington Medical School and psychiatric consultant for the Asian Counseling Referral Service.]
Williams Syndrome and Obstructed Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return: A Previously Unreported Association

We report a case of a neonate who presented with obstructed mixed total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) and Williams syndrome. After initial repair of TAPVR, his aortic wall continued to thicken, resulting in aortic arch hypoplasia and near atresia of the entire course of the left main coronary artery requiring a novel type of repair at 5 months of age. Cardiovascular abnormalities are frequently associated with Williams syndrome. This is a report of a rare patient with both Williams syndrome and obstructed TAPVR.
FAILURE TO TRANSFER TUBERCULIN SENSITIVITY PASSIVELY WITH PLASMA FRACTIONS CONTAINING ALPHA GLOBULIN

We are unable to confirm the observations reported by Cole and Favour that passive transfer of plasma fractions containing alpha globulin (IV + V or IV-10) from tuberculin-sensitive guinea pigs confers delayed sensitivity to tuberculoprotein upon normal animals. In guinea pigs with chronic cervical adenitis due to infection with group C hemolytic streptococci, injection of fraction IV + V and repeated skin tests with PPD induced indurated skin reactions of 9 to 10 mm., maximal at 24 hours, and, in one experiment, a positive tissue culture response to tuberculin. It is suggested that this reactivity was actively induced. Normal or infected recipients of fraction I + II + III from the plasma of tuberculin-sensitive donors manifested edematous responses to tuberculopolysaccharide, maximal at 4 to 6 hours, as reported. Skin tests with pneumococcal C polysaccharide revealed no evidence of passive transfer of C-reactive protein in fractions I + II + III or IV + V.
Hematozoa of wild turkeys from the midwestern United States: translocation of wild turkeys and its potential role in the introduction of Plasmodium kempi.

Twenty-three of 310 blood samples taken from live-trapped eastern wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) from Missouri (USA), and hunter-killed birds from Wisconsin, North Dakota and Minnesota (USA), and inoculated into domestic broad-breasted-white turkey poults were positive for two species of Plasmodium. Twenty-one of the positive samples were infected with P. (Novyella) kempi, and two samples from Wisconsin were infected with P. (Giovannolaia) lophurae. Twenty percent of 310 blood smears were positive for Haemoproteus melagridis, while only 3% were infected with Leucocytozoon smithi. A statistically higher prevalence of Plasmodium spp. from 1983 to 1984 was observed in Wisconsin, and in the samples from Minnesota when compared with both Missouri and Wisconsin. Turkeys from Wisconsin and Minnesota had both a statistically higher prevalence and mean intensity of H. meleagridis than birds from Missouri. Evidence indicates that P. kempi has been introduced into other states along with the vertebrat...
Relational Challenges and Recovery Processes in Male Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse

Male survivors of childhood sexual abuse face challenges resolving sexual victimization experiences with the ideals of masculinity, often experiencing intimacy problems, emotional discomfort, alienation, and anger. Little attention has been paid to how male survivors learn to develop long-term connections, disclose emotions in relationship contexts, and negotiate intimacy. The current qualitative study of 16 adult male survivors of childhood sexual abuse, examined the relational challenges and the processes by which these survivors improved their capacity for seeking and participating in supportive relationships over time. Several mechanisms associated with positive adaptation were identified in their narratives, including engaging in safe relationships; gaining a sense of belonging by locating a community of others with shared experiences; learning healthy ways to manage relationships through setting boundaries, controlling anger, building trust, and developing intimacy; and achieving acceptance. Clinical implications and future directions for research and intervention are presented.
Prostate Cancer Screening; Is This a Teachable Moment?

In this issue of the Journal, Welch and Albertsen ( 1 ) presented information that every man considering prostate cancer screening and treatment should know and understand. Prostate cancer screening has resulted in substantial overdiagnosis and in unnecessary treatment. It may have saved relatively few lives. Results from this article and recent results from prostate cancer screening and prevention trials demand reflection about what we as a society have done and are doing. Lessons to be learned have ethical and economic implications and involve our lack of respect for the scientific process and scientific evidence. As I sat down to write this editorial, I heard a radio commercial that brings perspective to the issue. A local celebrity was promoting prostate cancer awareness. He said, “Prostate cancer is 100% curable when caught early.” He encouraged all men to get screened and announced that a van was touring the area offering screening in supermarket parking lots. This was a community service project sponsored by the radio station, the supermarket chain, and a radiation oncology practice. A commercial like this plays to our fears and prejudices. All of us have been taught from an early age that the best way to deal with cancer is to fi nd it early. With the development of the prostate-specifi c antigen test, prostate cancer screening and early detection efforts surged in the United States in the late 1980s and
Analytical–Numerical Solution of the Multicomponent Aerosol General Dynamic Equation—with Coagulation

A numerical procedure based on an analytical solution is presented for solution of the full multicomponent aerosol general dynamic equation. The analytical solution for the equation, accounting for growth, removal, and particle sources, is employed in an iterative procedure to account for coagulation. The iterative process is shown to be rapidly convergent, and its performance is validated by comparison with the exact solution for pure coagulation of a single-component aerosol. A simulation is presented of the evolution of a multicomponent coagulating aerosol, where each component grows-evaporates at a different rate.
The removal of coins from the upper esophageal tract of children by emergency physicians: a pilot study

Objective: There are few reports in the medical literature describing removal of a coin from the upper esophageal tract of a child by an emergency physician. However, given the nature of their training and practice, emergency physicians are well suited to perform this common procedure. We describe our experience with this procedure. Methods: This was a retrospective review of a continuous quality improvement data set from a university-based tertiary care pediatric emergency department between Nov. 1, 2003, and Mar. 31, 2004. Results: Thirteen children, with a median age of 20 months, underwent rapid sequence intubation and had coins successfully removed from their upper esophageal tract by emergency physicians. In 10 cases, the coin was visible at laryngoscopy and removed with Magill forceps. In 3 cases this approach failed and a Foley catheter was used to remove the coin. One child suffered a tonsillar abrasion and two sustained minor lip trauma, but all were extubated and discharged home from the emergency department with no significant complications. Eleven of the 13 patients were successfully followed up, and the parents reported no problems. Conclusions: This pilot study suggests that the removal of a coin from the upper esophageal tract by an emergency physician can be both safe and effective. A larger study is needed before this procedure can be generally recommended.
Role of mu 1- and delta-opioid receptors in modulation of fetal EEG and respiratory activity

Recent evidence suggests that administration of low doses of morphine causes respiratory stimulation, along with a more active electroencephalogram (EEG) in the fetal lamb. The present study used selective opioid agonists and antagonists to determine the role mu 1- and delta-opioid receptor subtypes play in the response as well as determine if endogenous opioid peptides exert a tonic influence at the mu 1- and delta-opioid receptors to maintain normal EEG and respiratory activity under control, physiological conditions. Both morphine (2.5 mg/h iv) and [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin (DPDPE) (46 nmol/h icv) resulted in a significant activation of fetal EEG, which was blocked by naloxonazine (NALZ, mu 1-opioid antagonist) and naltrindole (NTI, delta-opioid antagonist), respectively. Administration of NALZ alone, but not NTI, resulted in a slowing of the EEG. Morphine and [D-Ala2]deltorphin I (0.36 nmol/h icv) significantly increased breath number and were blocked by NALZ and NTI respectively. Both NALZ and NTI alone resulted in a reduction in breath number. These results suggest that the activation of the delta- or mu 1-opioid receptors will stimulate fetal respiratory and EEG activity. Furthermore, the endogenous opioids play a tonic role at both the delta- and mu 1-opioid receptors in the regulation of respiratory timing and EEG activity.
Anionic Polymerization of α-(Trifluoromethyl)Acrylate

Methyl α-(trifluororaethyl)aerylate (MTFMA) readily undergoes anionic polymerization by initiation with organic and inorganic salts in the presence of 18-crown-6 to provide high molecular weight polymers in good yields. These weak anionic initiators are effective because of the low electron density (e=2.5) on the β-carbon of MTFMA. Amines are also effective initiators. Pyridine forms a very stable charge transfer complex with MTFMA. While wet 2,6-di-t-butylpyridine can initiate the polymerization, the hindered amine is not effective when dry, suggesting that the initiating species is a hydroxide in this case. However, dry pyridine gives rise to a vigorous polymerization with a color development, which suggests that pyridine itself is capable of initiating anionic polymerization of MTFMA. n-Butyllithium readily adds to the β-carbon of MTFMA but the adduct species further reacts with the initiator to introduce additional n-butyl group into the carbon bearing the fluorine atoms. Phenylmagnesium bromide and α -methylstyrene tetramer dianion fail to induce the anionic polymerization presumably due to the attack of the initiator onto the CF3 group. The thermal degradation behavior of the polymers depends very much on the initiator employed, suggesting the occurrence of depolymerization from the initiator side of the chain.
In Walt We Trust: How a Queer Socialist Poet Can Save America from Itself

Thoughtfully updating Jimmy Carter’s much-maligned analysis, John Marsh diagnoses the contemporary US with “malaise”—a crisis of confidence enervating national will (pp. 9–10). The symptoms include...
Coronary-subclavian steal syndrome. Report of a case treated with subclavian angioplasty.

We describe the case of a man aged 42 who, five years before, had undergone aortocoronary bypass surgery using the internal mammary artery for the anterior and saphenous vein graft for the posterior descending arteries. Over the last one and a half years he had started to present angina pectoris as well as symptoms of vertebrobasilar insufficiency during exertion of the left upper extremity (recently during simple writing), whereas a full treadmill test was normal. Clinically, obstruction of the left subclavian artery was suspected with both coronary and subclavian steals. This suspicion was confirmed with triplex of the vessels of the aortic arch, coronary arteriography and carotid arteriography which demonstrated severe obstruction of the left subclavian artery at its origin and reversal of blood flow through the ipsilateral vertebral artery and the internal mammary artery graft. Angina subsided after balloon angioplasty of the subclavian artery. This combined steal, termed coronary-subclavian syndrome, is rare (our case is probably the 20th reported), but an increase of its incidence is anticipated due to the widespread use of internal mammary artery grafts. The prevention and treatment of this syndrome are discussed. (Jpn HeartJ 36 : 259-265, 1995)
Care-Based and Altruistically Based Morality

Children are completely egoistic; they feel their needs intensely and strive ruthlessly to satisfy them . . . we do not on that account call the child “bad,” we call him “naughty”; he is no more answerable for his evil deeds in our judgement than in the eyes of the law. And it is right that this should be so; for we may expect that before the end of the period which we count as childhood, altruistic impulses and morality will awaken the little egoist . . . (Freud, 1900/1965, p. 284)
Poster Abstract: Personal Energy Footprint in Shared Building Environment

With smart buildings becoming popular, it is important to track the wastage of energy in public shared buildings to save energy. Current monitoring systems do not provide real-time visibility into the impact of occupants' actions on energy consumption of a building. We propose a system that tracks the energy consumed by users in shared spaces such as offices thereby making them aware and accountable for the energy they consume. Our system combines energy monitoring with localization techniques to generate real-time energy footprints for every occupant in a shared space and provides actionable feedback to them in the form of visualization.
Wide-field synovial fluid imaging using polarized lens-free on-chip microscopy for point-of-care diagnostics of gout(Conference Presentation)

Gout and pseudogout are forms of crystal arthropathy caused by monosodium urate (MSU) and calcium pyrophosphate dehydrate (CPPD) crystals in the joint, respectively, that can result in painful joints. Detecting the unique-shaped, birefringent MSU/CPPD crystals in a synovial fluid sample using a compensated polarizing microscope has been the gold-standard for diagnosis since the 1960’s. However, this can be time-consuming and inaccurate, especially if there are only few crystals in the fluid. The high-cost and bulkiness of conventional microscopes can also be limiting for point-of-care diagnosis. Lens-free on-chip microscopy based on digital holography routinely achieves high-throughput and high-resolution imaging in a cost-effective and field-portable design. Here we demonstrate, for the first time, polarized lens-free on-chip imaging of MSU and CPPD crystals over a wide field-of-view (FOV ~ 20.5 mm2, i.e., <20-fold larger compared a typical 20X objective-lens FOV) for point-of-care diagnostics of gout and pseudogout. Circularly polarizer partially-coherent light is used to illuminate the synovial fluid sample on a glass slide, after which a quarter-wave-plate and an angle-mismatched linear polarizer are used to analyze the transmitted light. Two lens-free holograms of the MSU/CPPD sample are taken, with the sample rotated by 90, to rule out any non-birefringent objects within the specimen. A phase-recovery algorithm is also used to improve the reconstruction quality, and digital pseudo-coloring is utilized to match the color and contrast of the lens-free image to that of a gold-standard microscope image to ease the examination by a rheumatologist or a laboratory technician, and to facilitate computerized analysis.
Urine Mercury Determination by a Direct Analyzer

[Objective]To verify a direct urine mercury determination method with a standard methodology.[Methods] A direct mercury analyzer(DMA80) was compared with a standard cold atomic absorption spectrophotometry in urine mercury determination.[Results]The linear range of the DMA80 method was 2.00-40.00μg/L,the linear equation was y = 0.019x + 0.006(r = 0.9995),the detection limit was 0.05 ng,the relative standard deviations were 2.2%-8.7%and the recovery rates were 97.5%-102.6%.[Conclusion]In determine mercury in the same urine samples by the standard cold atomic absorption spectrophotometry and the direct analyzer,no significant difference is found.The direct analyzer could be applied in routine urine analysis.
Current-source density analysis in the rat olfactory bulb: laminar distribution of kainate/AMPA- and NMDA-receptor-mediated currents.

Aroniadou-Anderjaska, Vassiliki, Matthew Ennis, and Michael T. Shipley. Current-source density analysis in the rat olfactory bulb: laminar distribution of kainate/AMPA- and NMDA-receptor-mediated c...
Algebra for All: California's Eighth-Grade Algebra Initiative as Constrained Curricula.

Over the last two decades, many American secondary schools have eliminated low-level and nonacademic courses and enrolled increasing proportions of students in college-preparatory courses (Domina & Saldana, 2012). The result has been the largest curricular restructuring of American secondary schools since the “unremarked revolution” of the 1960s and 1970s, when American high schools and middle schools abandoned overarching tracks in favor of tracked courses (Lucas, 1999). While American secondary school curricula remain hierarchically organized, recent changes in secondary school structure have broadened access to high-status courses and rendered tracking systems far more inclusive. The scholarly consensus holds that tracking fails to improve student achievement, even as it exacerbates educational inequality (Gamoran, 1992; Gamoran, Nystrand, Berends, & LePore, 1995; Hallinan 1994; Lucas, 1999; Oakes, 2005). Based on this literature, one might expect curricular intensification to narrow achievement gaps. However, racial- and class-based inequalities in American schools persist. Furthermore, experimental research and studies examining the effects of curricular change on student achievement raise important questions about the effects of de-tracking on the distribution of student achievement (Allensworth, Nomi, Montgomery, & Lee, 2009; Burris, Heubert, & Levin, 2006; Burris, Wiley, Welner, & Murphy, 2008; Clotfelter, Ladd, & Vigdor, 2012; Slavin, 1990). This paper provides a quantitative single-case research study of policy-driven curricular intensification in one California school district. During the study period, Towering Pines dramatically intensified middle school students’ math curricula: In the 2004–2005 school year 32% of the district’s eighth graders enrolled in Algebra or a higher level mathematics course; by the 2007–2008 school year that proportion had increased to 84%. This rapid shift provides a powerful opportunity for understanding the relationship between tracking and student exposure to advanced mathematics courses and student mathematics achievement.
cDNA cloning of a functional water channel from toad urinary bladder epithelium

A cDNA was cloned from the epithelium of toad (Bufo marinas) urinary bladder, based on homology to the mammalian aquaporins (AQP). The cDNA [947 base pairs (bp), identified as AQP-t1] encoded a 272...
Advancement in personalized imaging

David Cheng completed a PhD in Biomedical Physics from UCLA and a dual residency in Internal Medicine and Nuclear Medicine at Montefiore Medical Center, the hospital for the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in Bronx, NY. He has served as the Chief of Nuclear Medicine for more than 10 years at Yale-New Haven Hospital. He has joined Sidra Medical and Research Center in July 2014 as the Chief of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging to develop his own research.
Do Innovative Models of Health Care Delivery Improve Quality of Care for Selected Vulnerable Populations? A Systematic Review

Article-at-a-Glance Background A criticism of conventional office or clinic-based models of care is that they focus on patients' urgent problems and do not provide the comprehensive assessments, education, and psychosocial support that vulnerable patients also need. Innovative models have emerged to address these needs. A systematic review of prospective studies involving searches of computerized databases, reviews of reference lists, and contacts with authors, was conducted to determine whether multidisciplinary teams, outreach or home care, and case management improve the quality of the care in two vulnerable populations–the terminally ill and the mentally ill. Results Literature searches identified 730 citations. 52 original articles met screening standards, and 24 studies fulfilled all criteria. Patient and caregiver satisfaction was consistently higher with innovative models. In no study was satisfaction lower. Functional, clinical, or psychological improvements were not consistently demonstrated. For mentally ill patients, multidisciplinary outreach strategies were effective in reducing inpatient hospitalizations. Costs were inadequately assessed in the studies to draw a summary conclusion. Discussion Like other interventions, health care delivery models can be assessed from an evidence-based perspective. More needs to be learned about the costs and health improvements of innovative models before we can determine whether the increased patient and caregiver satisfaction found justifies widespread use of these models. Development of a uniform set of quality outcome measures and encouragement to evaluate efforts and disseminate results will help accomplish this goal.
Asylum’s Interpretative Impasse: Interpreting “Persecution” and “Particular Social Group” Using International Human Rights Law

The United States is in the midst of two crises: an overwhelming number of refugees seeking asylum in the United States and an interpretive impasse. Who is a “refugee”? As the Board of Immigration Appeals tightens its interpretation of “refugee” amidst the United States’ latest refugee crisis, practitioners must utilize every available tool at their disposal to advance their client’s asylum claims. This Article guides practitioners on when and how to use international human rights law arguments in emerging types of asylum claims, particularly those of child applicants and those based on domestic violence. To create a holistic picture, this Article considers the following: (1) current interpretations of the definition of “refugee” under United States law, (2) the incorporation of international human rights law in United States domestic law, (3) sources of international human rights law that may aid in advancing interpretative arguments, and (4) how practitioners can effectively use these sources in legal arguments.
Rectilinear Inverse Distance Weighting Methodology for Bathymetric Cross-Section Interpolation along the Mississippi River

AbstractIn frequently monitored fluvial systems, such as the middle Mississippi River, large databases of hundreds of cross-section surveys are often needed for assessment of long-term morphologic ...
Condition- and context-dependent factors are related to courtship behavior of paired and unpaired males in a socially monogamous songbird

ABSTRACT Males of many animal species display to attract and stimulate potential mates. In socially monogamous species, males will court females both to establish a pair bond and to solicit extrapair copulations. We investigated whether paired and unpaired male Dark-eyed Juncos (Junco hyemalis) differ in their courtship of a novel female and whether their courtship behavior is related to their morphology or circulating hormones. We conducted simulated courtship interactions (SCI) by presenting free-living paired and unpaired males with a live, caged conspecific female accompanied by playback of a precopulatory trill, a signal of female receptivity, and tested predictions of multiple hypotheses. We quantified courtship behaviors for 20 min and then captured the males, measured them, and collected blood samples to quantify circulating post-SCI testosterone and corticosterone levels as well as restraint-induced corticosterone. Paired males approached the female more rapidly and spent more time in close proxi...
Changes in Defense Mechanisms During Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy: A Case Study

This chapter presents a perspective for examining how change occurred during the course of the child analysis, and how problems from the first treatment reappeared in the second. The focus is on the development of defense mechanisms. The chapter discusses defense mechanisms from a developmental point of view followed by the case of Jim. Jim presented the picture of an anxiety neurosis, fueled by oedipal conflicts and a prominent sense of castratedness. At the beginning of the childhood analysis, Jim was nearly 10 years old. Both clinical observation and empirical research provides clear expectations regarding the use of denial, projection, and identification in a boy of this age. Based on clinical observation from psychological testing, it is expected that defense of denial, which is characteristic of the 5 year old and still used to some degree by the seven year old, has been largely given up. Empirical research comparing nonclinic children of different ages consistently shows that 10-year-old boys, as compared to those just beginning school, no longer rely on denial as a prominent defense. Instead, the 10 year old now shows a greater use of projection, as compared to the younger children. Further investigations, following the same children from ages six to eight, confirm these results. An interesting parallel to this normal developmental change from the predominance of denial to the use of projection occurs in children's understanding of defense mechanisms. Theoretically, a defense is effective only as long as its disguise function is not consciously understood; once it is unmasked, its usefulness as a defense is lost.
Complexity and approximations for submodular minimization problems on two variables per inequality constraints

Abstract We demonstrate here that submodular minimization (SM) problems subject to constraints containing up to two variables per inequality, SM2, are 2-approximable in polynomial time and a better approximation factor cannot be achieved in polynomial time unless NP = P. The 2-approximation holds when either the constraints have the round-up property (the rounding up of a feasible fractional solution is feasible) or, if the constraints do not have this property, for monotone submodular functions. The submodular minimization or supermodular maximization on constraints where the coefficients of the two variables in each constraint are of opposite signs (monotone constraints) is solvable in polynomial time. The 2-approximability and the polynomial time solvability for monotone constraints hold also for multi-sets that contain elements with integer multiplicity greater than 1, except that the running time is then pseudo-polynomial in that it depends on the range of the variables. This complexity cannot be improved unless NP = P. Our results indicate that SM2 problems are not much harder than the respective linear integer problems on two variables per constraint: For monotone constraints both problems are polynomial time solvable, and for non-monotone NP-hard problems, both problems have 2-approximation algorithms. For SM2 problems the factor 2 approximation is provably best possible, whereas for the respective linear integer problems it has not been established that the factor 2 is best possible, but this has been conjectured. On the other hand, for SM2 problems where the two variables constraints’ coefficients form a totally unimodular constraint matrix, the linear integer optimization problem is solved in polynomial time, whereas the submodular optimization is proved here to be NP-hard. The submodular minimization NP-hard problems for which our general purpose 2-approximation algorithm applies include submodular-vertex cover, submodular-2SAT, submodular-min satisfiability, submodular-edge deletion for clique, submodular-node deletion for biclique and others.
Association between delayed gastric emptying and upper gastrointestinal symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background The relationship between delayed gastric emptying and upper GI symptoms (UGI Sx) is controversial. Objective To assess association between gastric emptying and UGI Sx, independent of treatment. Design We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature from 2007 to 2017, review of references and additional papers identified by content expert. We included studies evaluating the association between gastric emptying and nausea, vomiting, early satiety/postprandial fullness, abdominal pain and bloating. Covariate analyses included optimal gastric emptying test method, gastric emptying type (breath test or scintigraphy) and patient category. Meta-regression compared the differences based on type of gastric emptying tests. Results Systematic review included 92 gastric emptying studies (26 breath test, 62 scintigraphy, 1 ultrasound and 3 wireless motility capsule); 25 of these studies provided quantitative data for meta-analysis (15 scintigraphy studies enrolling 4056 participants and 10 breath test studies enrolling 2231 participants). Meta-regression demonstrated a significant difference between optimal and suboptimal gastric emptying test methods when comparing delayed gastric emptying with nausea and vomiting. On evaluating studies using optimal gastric emptying test methodology, there were significant associations between gastric emptying and nausea (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.4 to 1.8), vomiting (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.6 to 2.7), abdominal pain (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.0 to 2.2 ) and early satiety/fullness (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2 to 2.6) for patients with UGI Sx; gastric emptying and early satiety/fullness in patients with diabetes; gastric emptying and nausea in patients with gastroparesis. Conclusions The systematic review and meta-analysis supports an association between optimally measured delayed gastric emptying and UGI Sx.
Management of isolated femoropopliteal in-stent restenosis.

Abstract Objective The optimal catheter-directed therapy for femoropopliteal in-stent restenosis (ISR) remains controversial with limited durability. The natural history of untreated ISR is not well characterized. We evaluated the midterm outcomes of patients with asymptomatic isolated femoropopliteal ISR who were observed under a surveillance program. Methods Patients treated with isolated femoropopliteal stents from January 2009 to December 2013 were retrospectively investigated for the development of ISR. ISR was classified on the basis of duplex ultrasound criteria, with >50% defined as peak systolic velocity (PSV) twice that of the normal vessel and >75% as PSV >400 cm/s or four times the normal PSV. Asymptomatic patients with ISR of >50% were tracked for progression to high-grade (>75%) stenosis, occlusion, need for reintervention, and amputation. Results Asymptomatic ISR of >50% was identified in 62 (15.3%) of 402 patients with isolated femoropopliteal stents. The mean time for development of ISR was 22.1 (±20.1) months. The mean age was 72 (±9.7) years, and 34 (55.7%) patients were female. Thirty-one (50%) patients were diabetic, 18 (29.1%) were smokers, and 8 (12.9%) had chronic kidney disease. Indications for treatment were claudication in 49 (79.0%), tissue loss in 9 (14.5%), and rest pain in 4 (6.4%) patients. TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC) A lesions were treated in 13 (21%) patients, TASC B lesions in 24 (38.7%), and TASC C lesions in 25 (40.3%). Three-vessel runoff was identified in 25 (40.3%) patients, two-vessel runoff in 18 (29.0%), and one-vessel runoff in 19 (30.6%). Under surveillance, ISR of >50% progressed to >75% or occlusion in 20 (32.3%) patients. The mean time to progression was 17.4 months, and the mean overall follow-up was 33.1 months. Reintervention was required in 22 (35.0%) patients, with an average of 1.95 (range, 1-4) interventions per patient. Reintervention was undertaken in 19 (86%) patients for claudication and in 3 (18%) patients for critical limb ischemia. One patient required an amputation despite previous reintervention for progression. Progression to >75% stenosis was predictive of need for reintervention (P = .004). Conclusions Under a surveillance program, asymptomatic patients with femoropopliteal ISR of >50% may be observed with a low risk of limb loss. Given the slow rate of progression and the poor durability of reintervention, surveillance with delayed intervention may be warranted.
Analysis of drying and saturating natural gypsum samples for mechanical testing

Abstract The stability of underground abandoned gypsum mines is dependent on the gypsum pillar's strength, and most abandoned mines are in a fully saturated condition. Moisture affects the strength of gypsum and is therefore commonly measured when testing rock strength. For most rocks, this is a simple task of weighing the rock's mass before and after oven-heating at a specified temperature and duration. For natural gypsum, however, this is not a straightforward process. Heating natural gypsum can result in dehydration and transformation of gypsum to hemihydrate and anhydrite, thus changing the physical characteristics of the gypsum such as its particle density which in turn affects the moisture content and strength measurements. To prevent transformation when determining the moisture content of gypsum, the American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) recommends lowering the drying temperature from 110 °C to 60 °C. To investigate the temperature at which gypsum transforms to hemihydrate, we used a helium pycnometer to measure the particle densities of gypsum, hemihydrate and anhydrite. In this research, we suggest that a higher drying temperature of 80 °C can be used for drying gypsum without transforming gypsum to hemihydrate. Further, preparing saturated samples for mechanical testing, which is required in stability analyses of abandoned mines, is challenging due to the dissolution of gypsum when placed in water. To address this problem, we investigated the following methods to saturate gypsum cores taking into account the solubility of gypsum: (1) water immersion, (2) vacuum saturation, and (3) improved vacuum saturation. The research indicates that all the three methods are acceptable but they should be conducted using a saturated gypsum-water solution to minimize dissolution. Further, the research found that the improved vacuum saturation method saturated the test samples within 24 h, while duration of 30 h was required for the other two methods.
Exercise effects on mood, and its associations with self-regulatory skills, self-efficacy, and eating changes during the year following weight-loss treatment

Maintaining weight loss beyond an initial year of behavioral treatment is of concern, and understanding interrelationships of theory-based psychosocial correlates is minimal. Although exercise is u...
Development of a microfluidic device (μPADs) for forensic serological analysis

In this paper, we describe a paper microfluidic device capable of performing a variety of presumptive tests for the presence of biological fluids at crime scenes. The device is multiplexed and permits the simultaneous detection of blood, saliva, semen, and urine. This portable device utilizes a set of hydrophilic channels created with wax on chromatographic paper. On the terminal end of each channel, there are embedded colorimetric reagents that can be read by eye or detected using a cell phone camera. This portable device permits fast, simple and simultaneous screening of 4 different body fluids. It should prove useful in forensic analysis for individuals interested in sample collection for subsequent downstream laboratory analysis.
Trademark Infringement from the Buyer Perspective: Conceptual Analysis and Measurement Implications:

Trademarks such as brand names may be the most important assets of many companies, but their value depends on the ability to protect them from infringement. In this research, two key tests of trade...
Integration between swim speed and mouth size evolves repeatedly in Trinidadian guppies and aligns with suction-feeding fishes.

ABSTRACT Well-supported correlations between swim speed and mouth size during prey capture suggest the broad existence of an integrated relationship between locomotion and feeding in suction-feeding fishes. However, the influence of specialization on this relationship is unclear. We used divergent populations of Trinidadian guppies ( Poecilia reticulata ) to test whether integration during suction is generalizable to a non-suction specialist and whether intraspecific specialization of component systems affects their integration. Guppies from replicate high- and low-predation streams were recorded capturing wild-type zooplankton using suction. Alternative general linear models supported a positive correlation between swim speed and mouth size in derived low-predation populations, suggesting that the relationship can be extended in some cases. High-predation populations lack this integration, which may be the result of direct selection or constraints imposed by selection on locomotion. As guppies invade new habitats they may be evolving a new, integrated performance phenotype from a non-integrated ancestor.
Agricultural demand response for decarbonizing the electricity grid

Abstract Historically, the focus of the agricultural industry has been increasing profit through maximizing crop yield. Costs for energy and water are small compared to equipment and personnel, and are thus often overlooked. However, energy costs for irrigation are increasing and could be exacerbated with declining water levels in many Western states. This trend has motivated many farmers to explore sustainable irrigation water and energy management practices. Much of this new focus has been directed towards the adoption of new agricultural technologies with a misplaced assumption that technology alone will inherently bring all the benefits. On one hand, farms are going through a paradigm shift, and are turning into net electricity generators, and on the other, higher penetration of intermittent renewable sources into the electricity grid, require dynamic loads to help the grid balance its intra-hour variability and short duration ramps. The agricultural industry could be restructured to utilize larger amounts of renewable energy such as wind and solar and provide a great deal of flexibility to the grid. As emerging producers of clean energy, farmers are required to learn and speak the complex language of the electricity grid in order to monetize their energy generation while making the renewable electricity grid more resilient and reliable. In this paper, we develop a foundational approach for understanding and connecting three important concepts that can help the agricultural industry during this critical transition period. Those three concepts are: (a) current and future needs of the electricity grid, (b) available electricity market mechanisms through which farms can provide services to the grid, and (c) understanding electricity consuming/generating equipment on farms. Defining these concepts and condensing them into a standardized framework, can remove a significant barrier for enabling farms to provide services to the electricity grid while improving their bottom line.
Counseling advocacy competencies in action: Lessons learned through the See the Triumph campaign

With the growing emphasis on social justice in the counseling and psychology professions, mental health professionals are increasingly called upon to engage in advocacy work. In this article, the authors describe their advocacy campaign, See the Triumph, which aims to end the stigma surrounding intimate partner violence. See the Triumph is based on research with survivors of intimate partner violence, whose stories inspired the development of the campaign. The article describes how the See the Triumph campaign reflects the American Counseling Association’s Advocacy Competencies, as well as the most significant lessons learned through the campaign.
Analysis of a neurosurgical directed acute spinal cord compression pathway at Michigan Medicine, a tertiary referral hospital.

e18285Background: Spinal cord compression (SCC) is considered an oncologic emergency that is likely to severely impair patients’ quality of life if immediate action is not taken. Clinicians need a ...
Heightened levels and seasonal inversion of riverine suspended sediment in a tropical biodiversity hot spot due to artisanal gold mining.

In recent years, rising gold prices have exacerbated the global proliferation of artisanal-scale gold mining (ASGM), with catastrophic consequences for human and ecological health. Much of this burgeoning industry has occurred in biodiversity hot spots, notably in the tropical forests of South America. While the loss of tropical forests and floodplains as a result of ASGM has been well characterized, ASGM impacts on riverine hydrological properties are less understood. Previous fieldwork on ASGM-affected and gully-eroded tropical streams and rivers has demonstrated that increases in suspended-sediment concentration (SSC) can substantially impact fish diversity and aquatic community structure, yet our understanding of the timing and scope of impacts of such increases is limited by the lack of long-term records of SSC. To address this challenge, we present a 34-y analysis of the direct effect of ASGM on 32 river reaches in the Madre de Dios region of Peru, which has been heavily impacted by ASGM since the 1980s. We evaluate spatial and temporal patterns of impacts using estimated SSC derived from Landsat satellite imagery. We find that 16 of 18 stretches of river impacted by ASGM show significant increasing trends in SSC (P
Characteristic boundaries associated with three-dimensional twins in hexagonal metals

Twinning is a critically important deformation mode in hexagonal close-packed metals. Twins are three-dimensional (3D) domains, whose growth is mediated by the motion of facets bounding the 3D twin domains and influences work hardening in metals. An understanding of twin transformations therefore necessitates that the atomic-scale structure and intrinsic mobilities of facets be known and characterized. The present work addresses the former point by systematically characterizing the boundary structures of 3D { 1 ¯ 012 } twins in magnesium using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Eight characteristic facets associated with twin boundaries are reported, five of which have never been experimentally observed before. Further, molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the formation and motion of these facets is associated with the accumulation of twinning dislocations. This work provides insights into understanding the structural character of 3D twins and serves to develop strategies for modulating twin kinetics by modifying twin boundaries, such as solute segregation.
Declines in Depressive Symptoms Among People who Inject Drugs Treated With Direct-Acting Antivirals While on Opioid Agonist Therapy

Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) frequently co-occurs with symptoms of depression, which are aggravated on interferon-based regimens. However, it is unknown whether HCV treatment with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) has effects on depressive symptoms among people who inject drugs (PWID). In this study, we examined changes in depressive symptoms during and after HCV treatment among PWID on opioid agonist therapies (OATs). Methods Participants were 141 PWID who achieved sustained viral response after on-site HCV treatment at 3 OAT programs.Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) at baseline, every 4 weeks during treatment, and 12 and 24 weeks after treatment completion. Current diagnosis of depression or other psychiatric diagnoses were obtained through chart review. Use of illicit drugs was measured by urine toxicology screening. Alcohol use was measured using the Addiction Severity Index-Lite. Results Of the 141 PWID infected with HCV, 24.1% had severe, 9.9% had moderate, 15.6% had mild, and 50.4% had minimal levels of depression as per BDI-II scores at baseline. HCV treatment was significantly associated with reductions in depressive symptoms that persisted long term, regardless of symptom severity (P < .001) or presence of depression (P ≤ .01) or other psychiatric diagnoses (P ≤ .01) at baseline. Concurrent drug use (P ≤ .001) or hazardous alcohol drinking (P ≤ .001) did not interfere with reductions in depressive symptoms. Conclusions Depressive symptoms are highly prevalent among HCV-infected PWID. HCV treatment was associated with sustained reductions in depressive symptoms. HCV therapy with DAAs may have important implications for PWID that go beyond HCV cure.
Adrenal Gland Pathology

A variety of neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions arise in the adrenal gland, including both cortex and medulla. Congenital anomaly and hyperplasia are rarely encountered in the surgical pathology laboratories. Neoplastic specimens account for the vast majority of adrenal specimens a surgical pathologist signs out. In this chapter, we discuss the diagnostic challenges of common adrenal cortical and medullary lesions as well as rare entities with a focus on pathologic features and differential diagnoses. Salient clinical features associated with these lesions are highlighted. The applications of immunohistochemical, cytogenetic, and molecular tests in the pathologic diagnosis are also discussed. Emphasis is placed on the integration of clinical, imaging, laboratory, and pathological findings to arrive at a correct diagnosis.