cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinical, histopathologic, and radiographic indicators of malignancy in head and neck paragangliomas.

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study is to review our series of head and neck paragangliomas to identify factors that may help in predicting malignancy.STUDY DESIGN: Case series with chart review.SETTING: Academic medical center.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Subjects with head and neck paragangliomas at our institution from 1976 to current were reviewed. In addition to statistical comparisons of epidemiologic factors, pathologic and radiographic characteristics were reviewed.RESULTS: Of the 84 subjects, there were seven malignant paragangliomas (8%). Age was found to be significantly different between the benign and malignant subgroups, with an average age of 54 ± 16 and 40 ± 12 years, respectively (P = 0.02). Pain was a presenting complaint in five patients with benign disease (6%), and five of the seven malignant patients (71%) presented with pain, showing a significant association between pain and disease type (P <0.0001). The odds ratio for a patient with pain having a malignant tumor was 36 (95% CI: 5.5–234). E...
Adaptive caching for demand prepaging

Demand prepaging was long ago proposed as a method for taking advantage of high disk bandwidths and avoiding long disk latencies by fetching, at each page fault, not only the demanded page but also other pages predicted to be used soon. Studies performed more than twenty years ago found that demand prepaging would not be generally beneficial. Those studies failed to examine thoroughly the interaction between prepaging and main memory caching. It is unclear how many main memory page frames should be allocated to cache pages that were prepaged but have not yet been referenced. This issue is critical to the efficacy of any demand prepaging policy.In this paper, we examine prepaged allocation and its interaction with two other important demand prepaging parameters: the degree, which is the number of extra pages that may be fetched at each page fault, and the predictor that selects which pages to prepage. The choices for these two parameters, the reference behavior of the workload, and the main memory size all substantially affect the appropriate choice of prepaged allocation. In some situations, demand prepaging cannot provide benefit, as any allocation to prepaged pages will increase page faults, while in other situations, a good choice of allocation will yield a substantial reduction in page faults. We will present a mechanism that dynamically adapts the prepaged allocation on-line, as well as experimental results that show that this mechanism typically reduces page faults by 10 to 40% and sometimes by more than 50%. In those cases where demand prepaging should not be used, the mechanism correctly allocates no space for prepaged pages and thus does not increase the number of page faults. Finally, we will show that prepaging offers substantial benefits over the simpler solution of sing larger pages, which can substantially increase page faults.
Effect of thyrotropin releasing hormone and some of its histidine analogs on the cardiovascular system and prolactin release in the conscious rat

The cardiovascular and endocrine activity of three analogs of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), 4-nitro-imidazole TRH (4-nitro-TRH), 2-trifluoro-methyl-imidazole TRH (2-TFM-TRH) and 4-trifluoro-methyl-imidazole TRH (4-TFM-TRH), was compared to TRH in conscious rats. Injection of TRH or the three analogs (1 mg/kg or 5 mg/kg) into the arterial line induced increases in mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure and heart rate and raised plasma prolactin (PRL). None of the analogs were more potent than TRH in inducing cardiovascular changes. The 4-TFM-TRH was significantly less potent than the 2-TFM-TRH in increasing blood pressure, while the nitro-TRH was more potent than the 2-TFM-TRH in producing tachycardia. TRH induced a two-fold increase in PRL at the 5 mg/kg dose, while both the fluorinated analogs elicited a 4 to 5 fold increase in PRL at the higher dose. The present results suggest that the receptors for TRH-elicited PRL release differ from TRH-receptors involved in its cardiovascular actions.
COMMAND INTERNEURONS IN THE CRAYFISH CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

The motor effects evoked by stimulation of each of eight command fibres in the circumoesophageal commissures of the crayfish are described. The fibres obtained appeared to have widespread connexions in all or most of the lower ganglia. For certain fibres the response was stronger on the homolateral side of the animal; for others it was symmetrical. The frequency of stimulation of a command fibre generally had a pronounced influence on the speed of the evoked response. In addition, segments of the total response could be elicited selectively by alteration of the frequency and duration of stimulation. Although the responses associated with most of the fibres were not sensitive to the fine temporal pattern of the applied stimulation, for one fibre the motor output depended clearly on the spacing of the stimulating pulses.
On dimensionality reduction of massive graphs for indexing and retrieval

In this paper, we will examine the problem of dimensionality reduction of massive disk-resident data sets. Graph mining has become important in recent years because of its numerous applications in community detection, social networking, and web mining. Many graph data sets are defined on massive node domains in which the number of nodes in the underlying domain is very large. As a result, it is often difficult to store and hold the information necessary in order to retrieve and index the data. Most known methods for dimensionality reduction are effective only for data sets defined on modest domains. Furthermore, while the problem of dimensionality reduction is most relevant to the problem of massive data sets, these algorithms are inherently not designed for the case of disk-resident data in terms of the order in which the data is accessed on disk. This is a serious limitation which restricts the applicability of current dimensionality reduction methods. Furthermore, since dimensionality reduction methods are typically designed for database applications such as indexing, it is important to design the underlying data reduction method, so that it can be effectively used for such applications. In this paper, we will examine the difficult problem of dimensionality reduction of graph data in the difficult case in which the underlying number of nodes are very large and the data set is disk-resident. We will propose an effective sampling algorithm for dimensionality reduction and show how to perform the dimensionality reduction in a limited number of passes on disk. We will also design the technique to be highly interpretable and friendly for indexing applications. We will illustrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the approach on a number of real data sets.
A study of via depletion electromigration with very long failure times

Liner coverage in the via plays a critical role on via depletion EM for dual damascene Cu interconnects. Poor liner coverage at the via bottom often results in early EM fails. On the other hand, if the liner at via bottom is permeable to Cu diffusion, thanks to the constant Cu supply into the via from the line below, a very long or even “immortal” EM failure mode can be observed. This paper discusses how to modulate the Cu diffusion through the via bottom liner and its impact on product reliability.
Cervical-spine injuries in children.

Some children up to the age of nine years, who are normal otherwise, may show a partial anterior subluxation of the second on the third cervical vertebra. This is considered a normal variant in the appearance of lateral roentgenograms of the flexed cervical spine. A survey of forty-seven children in three different children's hospitals, all without symptoms or clinical evidence of neck disability, revealed that five children had marked subluxation of the second on the third cervical vertebra, and that three had borderline dislocations. Children who have these normal variations should not be subjected to extensive orthopaedic treatment, unless there has been a history of sufficient injury to the neck and clinical examination bears out the probability that these are pathological subluxations.
The emotional challenges faced by Sexual Assault Nurse Examiners: “ER nursing is stressful on a good day without rape victims”

Although research has indicated that counselors, advocates and social workers who assist rape victims experience vicarious trauma or psychological consequences as a result of their exposure to victims' traumatic experiences, little is known about Sexual Assault Nurse Examiners' (SANEs') experiences. This qualitative research explores SANEs' experiences of vicarious trauma and burnout as a result of treating rape victims, and the coping strategies they implement to reduce both. Data from interviews with 39 SANEs reveal that when asked about their difficulties as a SANE and the hardest part of their job, the majority (67%) discussed vicarious trauma, the emotional demands associated with the job, worrying about victims after they leave the hospital, and burnout. More than half (51%) of SANEs interviewed specifically indicated that they have experienced vicarious trauma as a result of treating rape victims, and 46% indicated they have experienced burnout at least to some degree. All SANEs, regardless of whether they believe they have experienced vicarious trauma or burnout, have ways to cope after hard cases. These coping mechanisms include talking to family members, calling or reaching out to other SANEs, program coordinators or rape victim advocates and detectives, participating in meetings with other SANEs where the focus is on problems after difficult cases, and finding relaxing activities.
When infants take mothers' advice: 18-month-olds integrate perceptual and social information to guide motor action.

The social cognition and perception–action literatures are largely separate, both conceptually and empirically. However, both areas of research emphasize infants’ emerging abilities to use available information—social and perceptual information, respectively—for making decisions about action. Borrowing methods from both research traditions, this study examined whether 18-month-old infants incorporate both social and perceptual information in their motor decisions. The infants’ task was to determine whether to walk down slopes of varying risk levels as their mothers encouraged or discouraged walking. First, a psychophysical procedure was used to determine slopes that were safe, borderline, and risky for individual infants. Next, during a series of test trials, infants received mothers’ advice about whether to walk. Infants used social information selectively: They ignored encouraging advice to walk down risky slopes and discouraging advice to avoid safe slopes, but they deferred to mothers’ advice at borderline slopes. Findings indicate that 18-month-old infants correctly weigh competing sources of information when making decisions about motor action and that they rely on social information only when perceptual information is inadequate or uncertain.
Powerful change part 1: batteries and possible alternatives for the mobile market

Mobile phone companies sell more batteries than phones to consumers. The devices users buy generally include rechargeable batteries so that they are immediately useful. Companies try to protect their batteries with various design and utility patents to keep third-party vendors from competing too heavily with their after-market sales. This protection is necessary because battery technology changes slowly-consumers receive little incentive to upgrade their batteries unless they fail or the consumer desires a larger one. Power is a difficult issue and is often overlooked in mobile computers. However, innovative opportunities abound for exploring this problem. We introduce the issue and propose some alternatives to batteries. In subsequent issues we'll address methods of being more power efficient by using resources both on the body and in the environment.
A precision monolithic waveform generator with 2,000,000:1 exponential sweep range

A 36V, precision monolithic waveform generator with symmetric triangle, square, and sine wave outputs is described. Peak-to-peak values of the triangle and sine waves are equal to 2/3∗Vsy, while the square wave output is referenced from an adjustable digital ground pin. The nominal frequency of all waveforms is set using one external capacitor and resistor. The architecture provides for both linear and exponential frequency control, with temperature drift trimmed to be less than 100ppm/°C. The exponential input is fully differential, and gives a frequency sweep range of 2,000,000:1. Even and odd harmonic distortion are trimmed so that the sine wave distortion measures less than 1% up to 200kHz. Asserting a TTL compatible strobe pin simultaneously disables all outputs.
Circadian rhythm of trehalose in the face fly Musca autumnalis de Geer.

Trehalose levels were determined over two 24 hr spans in groups of face fly adults 3–4 days after emergence from the puparium. Face fly pupae were placed in rearing chambers at 27° C in a staggered light-dark regimen, LD 16:8, so that at a given clock hour, samples could be obtained at several different hours after lights on (HALO). Trehalose was determined in hemolymph collected from a puncture in the intersegmental membrane of the abdomen. Treated hemolymph samples were passed through a Bio-Rad Amino S-S disaccharide column and a Waters 410 refractive index detector was used to differentiate among sugars. The circadian acrophase derived by cosinor analysis in hemolymph trehalose (when the values were 25.49 and 26.86μg/μ1 on the first and second days respectively) occurred at -226° (ca 15 HALO) and the bathyphase at 24 HALO. The mesor = 11.82μg/μ1 trehalose, the amplitude = 8.57/μg/μ1 trehalose and the P-value for presence of a rhythm was 0.003. Based on these data, differences between control and test f...
Using bedtime (PM) and early morning (AM) urine cortisol/creatinine ratios to evaluate pituitary-adrenal function in an office practice.

Objective: To evaluate the use of cortisol/creatinine ratios in urine specimens collected at bedtime (PM) and the following morning (AM) in a general endocrine practice as a means of assessing pituitary-adrenal function in normal volunteers, outpatients with symptoms but no clinical endocrine dysfunction, patients with Cushing syndrome, and patients with known hypopituitarism.Methods: Double-voided PM and AM urine samples were collected from 26 healthy control subjects and 131 outpatients who had complaints of fatigue and malaise, inability to lose weight, or nonspecific concerns about potential underlying problems with their metabolism. The findings on physical examination and laboratory studies were normal in each of these outpatients. Urine was assayed for free cortisol and creatinine and expressed as ng of cortisol/mg of creatinine. Eleven patients with documented Cushing syndrome also collected urine specimens, and data for 11 patients with known hypopituitarism were also studied.Results: A clear diu...
Efficient monocycle pulse transmitting from patch antennas

An efficient monocycle pulse transmitting scheme is presented. It is based on the direct modulation of the radiation from a patch antenna. The transmission line model of this direct antenna modulation scheme is derived and analyzed with the commercial circuit simulation software. With a house-built FDTD code which can incorporate time-varying lumped circuit element into the simulations, the potential for wideband pulse radiation from this patch antenna is further validated through the full-wave analysis.
A Situated Approach To Shared Situation Awareness

Team SA theories differ in the information they require operators to have for effective coordination. Endsley and Jones (1997) stress shared SA, while Distributed SA (DSA) argues coordination involves transactive and compatible SA. Although we agree with Endsley on the importance of shared SA, we argue her account of how it is acquired exceeds the working memory capacity of individual team members. We offer an account consistent with a Situated SA perspective that claims individuals off-load information to their environment whenever possible to minimize effortful internal processing. We argue that the situated SA approach, in conjunction with Pickering and Garrod’s (2004) Interactive-Alignment Model, can explain how shared SA is acquired, relying on automatic processes enacted when individuals interact in conversations. This approach can be used to study team SA in many complex and distributed systems.
The role of voice source measures on automatic gender classification

Differences of physiological properties of the glottis and the vocal tract are partly due to age and/or gender differences. Since these differences are reflected in the speech signal, acoustic measures related to those properties can be helpful for automatic age and gender classification. In this paper, the focus is on the role of acoustic measures related to the voice source in automatic gender classification, implemented using support vector machines (SVMs). Acoustic measures of the vocal tract and the voice source were extracted from 3880 utterances spoken by 205 male and 160 female talkers (aged 8 to 39 years old). Formant frequencies and formant bandwidths were used as vocal tract measures, and open quotient and source spectral tilt correlates were used as voice source measures. Results show that the addition of voice source measures can help improve automatic gender classification results for most age groups.
Simultaneous Onset of Alopecia Areata and Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura: A Potential Association?

Alopecia areata (AA) has been associated with a variety of autoimmune diseases. Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune disease marked by isolated thrombocytopenia. We present a young girl with the simultaneous onset of AA and ITP. To the best of our knowledge, this association has not previously been reported. We hypothesize that ITP may be one of many autoimmune diseases associated with AA via antibodies that cross-react between platelet membrane glycoproteins and follicular glycoproteins.
Innate immune modulatory effects of elderberry polysaccharides in murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 (647.40)

Introduction: Botanical-derived polysaccharides have been suggested to modulate innate and adaptive immune responses in mammals, and elderberry consumption has also been linked to fewer sick days d...
The rise of the invasives and decline of the natives: insights revealed from adult populations of container-inhabiting Aedes mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in temperate North America

Container-inhabiting Aedes mosquitoes are successful invaders and important arthropod-borne dis- ease vectors worldwide. In North America, a subtropical assemblage containing introduced Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti and the native Aedes triseriatus have served as a model for investigating ecological interac- tions during invasions and focused on the outcomes at the larval stages. We report a hypothesis driven study of a more temperate container Aedes assemblage at the adult population level monitored in the state of New Jersey during a 9-year period. The invasive A. albopictus and Aedes japonicus abundances increased by a factor of two, whereas A. triseriatus abundance decreased by a factor of three. Spatiotemporal analysis indicated these trends were coincident especially in the areas invaded by A. albopictus, leading to partial displacement of A. triseriatus. Although the invasive species reached peak abundance in highly urbanized areas, the native species' rate of decline was similar across the urbaniza- tion gradient. Higher winter temperatures and precipita- tion favored increased A. albopictus abundance suppressing A. triseriatus adult populations in turn, whereas A. japonicus abundance was promoted by summer precipitation. The results validate the conceptual framework developed for subtropical container Aedes and suggest that the current climatic trends will favor further spread of A. albopictus, amplifying public health concerns.
Evaluating College and University Teaching: Reflections of A Practitioner

Whenever there is a discussion about evaluating college and university teaching, almost always someone will ask: Why are we focusing on teaching; learning is what is really important? Of course that is true. Learning is the real goal of higher education; our teaching is simply one means to help students learn.
Progress in complexity of counting problems

There has been remarkable progress in the classification program of the complexity of counting problems. This program is carried out in at least three interrelated formulations: Graph Homomorphisms, Counting CSP, and Holant Problems. In each formulation, complexity dichotomy theorems have been achieved which classify every problem in a given class to be either solvable in polynomial time or #P-hard.
Are Student Affairs Professionals Educators? Student Affairs and the Scope of the Educational Exemption of Copyright Law

Copyright is a critical, emerging issue in American higher education. Copyright restricts how educators use copyrighted materials in teaching activities. Although the fair use doctrine and the educational exemption in U.S. copyright law provide exceptions for educators, student affairs professionals might not meet the standards of the educational exemption. This paper serves as a primer on U.S. copyright law, the fair use doctrine, and the educational exemption. Analyses of case law suggest student affairs professionals should rely on the fair use doctrine rather than the educational exemption when using copyrighted materials for educational purposes.
Nitrate Dynamics in Two Streams Impacted by Wastewater Treatment Plant Discharge: Point Sources or Sinks?

We examined nitrate processing in headwater stream reaches downstream of two wastewater treatment plant outfalls during low streamflow. Our objectives were to quantify nitrate mass flux before and after effluent discharge and to use field and laboratory techniques to assess the mechanism of nitrate uptake. Microcosm experiments were utilized to determine the location of nitrate processing, and molecular biomarkers were used to detect and quantify microbial denitrification. At one site, downstream nitrate mass flux was significantly (p = 0.01) lower than sum of upstream and wastewater effluent fluxes, indicating rapid stream assimilation of incoming nitrate in the vicinity of the point source. Microcosm experiments supported the theory that nitrate processing occurs in sediments. Molecular assays for denitrifcation-associated functional genes nosZ, nirS, and nirK, provided evidence that effluent contained enriched denitrifying communities relative to ambient stream water. Nitrate loss at the site with greater uptake was correlated with sulfate loss (p < 0.01; r2 = 0.86), suggesting a possible link between sulfate reducing bacteria and denitrifying bacterial communities. Results suggest there is an opportunity to better understand nitrate dynamics in cases where point sources may act as point sinks under specific sets of conditions.
Navigational Training in Virtual and Real Buildings

Three experiments explored aspects of virtual reality (VR) that may influence its utility for training in navigating architectural spaces. Taken together, these experiments suggest that the utility of virtual reality depends on characteristics of the user-virtual environment interface. In experiments testing the importance of movement control, full participant control of rotational and forward movement in VR led to nearly optimal training on a medium-sized building, but limited control in VR was worse than no control. Transparent walls, a VR possibility that goes beyond real-world options, were beneficial during training and on a direct measure of learning spatial layouts. Finally, in an experiment examining both training and transfer, VR training was similar to real-world training, and was quicker and transferred better to navigating a real-world building than floor-plan training. However, this held only when the testing route was traveled in the trained direction.
CT Lymphnodal Staging of Gastric Cancer by New TNM Staging System: Reassessment of the Size Criteria of Lymph Nodes

Purpose : In the CT staging of gastric cancer, the reported size criteria for perigastric lymph nodes (LNs) has varied, as has the accuracy of the findings. We investigated whether relevant criteria could be established for nodal staging by CT, using a new TNM staging system. Materials and Methods : In 55 patients who underwent surgery for gastric cancer, lymph node staging was determined by CT, according to various lymph node size criteria. For each patients, a new TNM staging system was used. Two radiologists analyzed the findings and measured the short diameter of discernible perigastric LNs(n=192). Twelve percent (229) were found to be metastatic. For the diagnosis of LN metastasis according to LN size, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy curves were obtained, and using the McNemar Chisquare test, the results were statistically analysed. Results : The accuracy of lymph node staging was 53% with a size criterion of 8mm, 51% with a criterion of 4mm, and 47% when all discernible LNs were included. These differences were not, however, statistically significant. The size of metastatic LNs in these patients varied widely(1-22mm). Sensitivity and specificity curves crossed when LNs were between 4 and 4.5mm; accuracy was greatest in lymph nodes larger than 7mm. Conclusion : The accuracy of N staging by CT, using a new TNM staging system, was low and did not differ significantly according to varying size criteria (McNemar Chi-Square test(p0.05). This finding may be due to the fact that metastatic lymph node size varied widely.
Third Order Nonlinear Optical Susceptibility of Trans-(CH)x: A Degenerate Ground State Conjugated Polymer

The promise of conducting polymers as fast response nonlinear optical materials has been recently emphasized [1,3]. Polymers such as polyacetylene, polythiophene and the soluble (and processible) poly(3-alkylthienylenes) contain a high density of x-electrons, and they are known to exhibit photoinduced absorption and photoinduced bleaching, indicating major shifts of oscillator strength upon photoexcitation [2,4]. For polyacetylene, these nonlinear effects have been studied in detail in the picosecond [5a,b] and sub-picosecond [5c] time regime and correlated with the photoproduction of charge carriers through fast photoconductivity measurements [6]. The data have demonstrated ultra-fast response with nonlinear shifts in oscillator strength occurring at times of the order of 10-13 seconds. These resonant nonlinear optical properties are intrinsic; they originate from the nonlinearity of the self-localized photoexcitations [7] which characterize this class of polymers: solitons, polarons and bipolarons [4].
The role of the 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors in the stimulus effects of m-chlorophenylpiperazine.

m-Chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP), a major metabolite of the atypical antidepressant trazadone, has been observed to produce marked physiological and behavioral effects in both humans and animals. These effects have been attributed to the interaction of mCPP with serotonergic receptors. The present study was designed to characterize those interactions of mCPP with central serotonergic receptors which mediate mCPP-induced stimulus control. A series of serotonergic antagonists (mesulergine, pizotyline, ketanserin, spiperone, risperidone, ritanserin, metergoline, pirenpirone, and LY53857) was tested for the ability to block the mCPP stimulus. The affinity of these antagonists for 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors was then correlated with maximal percent inhibition of the mCPP stimulus. Kd at the 5-HT2C receptor was inversely proportional (r=−0.75,P<0.05), and Kd at the 5-HT2A receptor directly proportional (r=+0.67,P<0.05) to the maximal percent inhibition of the mCPP stimulus. The 5-HT2C selectivity ratio [Kd(5-HT2A)/Kd(5-HT2C)] of the antagonists was directly proportional (r=+0.86,P<0.01) to maximal percent inhibition of the mCPP stimulus. A multiple regressions analysis indicated that 81% of the variance in the ability of a given antagonist to block the mCPP stimulus could be predicted on the basis of its affinity for 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors. It is concluded that the stimulus effects of mCPP are mediated predominantly by a combination of agonist activity at 5-HT2C receptors and antagonist activity at 5-HT2A receptors.
Occlusive Arterial Disease of the Extremities: Surgical Treatment

Occlusive arterial disease due to arteriosclerosis is a common disease and is not limited to the elderly. Operation is often indicated when the occlusion affects the extremities. Direct surgical procedures include endarterectomy with or without patch graft, bypass or replacement graft, and release of femoral artery compression with periarterial sympathectomy. Surgical sympathectomy is an excellent addition to direct artery operations and should be used when direct procedures cannot be performed.
c-myb but not c-myc suppresses the hemin-induced nonterminal expression of hemoglobin by murine erythroleukemia cells

Clonal lines of Friend murine erythroleukemia (F-MEL) cells have been generated following transfection with c-myc or c-myb expression plasmids. These clones produce high levels of abnormally regulated proto-oncogene transcripts and fail to terminally differentiate in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide. To determine the relative levels at which the two proto-oncogenes might exert their inhibitory effects, we asked whether these clones could express differentiated functions in the absence of terminal differentiation. It was found that exposure of c-myc-transfected cells to hemin allows for the induction of hemoglobin, whereas c-myb-transfected cells were refractory to hemin induction. It thus appears that c-myb exerts a more globally suppressive effect on F-MEL-differentiated functions than does c-myc and may prevent the expression of those events that can otherwise be dissociated from the terminally differentiated state.
Teaching Values: an Experiential Approach

Teaching values provides a particularly difficult challenge, relative to teaching concepts. We define concepts as the knowledge structures and thought processes by which students classify elements of a situation and identify the patterns of cause and effect. Values are defined as the relative importance students place on their interests and objectives. While it is relatively easy for a teacher to illustrate the importance of concepts to studentsâ€™ interests and objectives, it is much more difficult for teachers to influence the interests and objectives themselves. While concepts are attempts to objectively represent reality, interests and objectives tend to be seen as subjective expressions of each studentâ€™s unique personality. However, studentsâ€™ interests and objectives can be influenced by education, and some interests and objectives are more desirable than others from the perspective of society, employers, and the studentsâ€™ own well-being. This paper addresses the problem of teaching values from the perspective of motivational theory and Kolbâ€™s experiential learning theory. Kolbâ€™s theory suggests that the degree of involvement in an experiential exercise will determine the degree to which students internalize the consequences of their decisions, and hence, are motivated to reassess their values.
Josie Fisk Elementary School

Marisa and I met for the first time during recess. We were introduced by a small group of girls, Jess, Ashley, Emma, and Gillian. These girls were “popular” and did not want to talk to me that day. We had many conversations prior, but they pawned me off on Marisa, a quiet girl I had been watching for quite some time.
Efficacy of ozone against Rhyzopertha dominica adults in wheat

Abstract Adults of a laboratory strain of the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), were exposed to ozone concentrations of 0.42 and 0.84 g/m3 for up to 36 and 30 h, respectively, to estimate lethal time (LT) and lethal dose (LD) to kill 99% of insects at 28 °C and 65% r.h. After exposure, adult mortality was counted daily for 5 d. Adult progeny production data from ozone-exposed adults was used to estimate effective time (ET) and effective dose (ED) for 99% reduction in adult progeny production. At 0.42 and 0.84 g/m3, LT99 values for adult mortality on day 1 were 67 and 42 h, respectively. Corresponding LD99 values for adult mortality on day 1 were 28 and 36 g-h/m3, respectively. On day 5, LT99 and LD99 values decreased by 52–54% of day 1 values. The LT99 or LD99 values over days 1 through 5 decreased in a nonlinear fashion, suggesting delayed toxic effects of ozone. The ET99 value for reduction in adult progeny production was 22 h at an ozone concentration of 0.84 g/m3, whereas it was 39 h at 0.42 g/m3. Like LD99 values, ED99 value for adult progeny reduction at 0.42 g/m3 of ozone was lower than at an ozone concentration of 0.84 g/m3. Doubling the ozone concentration from 0.42 to 0.84 g/m3 did not reduce the LT99 or ET99 values by 50%. In general, the LD99 values on days 1 through 5 at an ozone concentration of 0.84 g/m3 were significantly greater than similar values at an ozone concentration of 0.42 g/m3, suggesting that R. dominica adults tend to be more susceptible when exposed to a low ozone concentration for extended time periods.
Multistability inspired by the oblique, pennate architectures of skeletal muscle

Skeletal muscle mechanics exhibit a range of noteworthy characteristics, providing great inspiration for the development of advanced structural and material systems. These characteristics arise from the synergies demonstrated between muscle’s constituents across the various length scales. From the macroscale oblique orientation of muscle fibers to the microscale lattice spacing of sarcomeres, muscle takes advantage of geometries and multidimensionality for force generation or length change along a desired axis. Inspired by these behaviors, this research investigates how the incorporation of multidimensionality afforded by oblique, pennate architectures can uncover novel mechanics in structures exhibiting multistability. Experimental investigation of these mechanics is undertaken using specimens of molded silicone rubber with patterned voids, and results reveal tailorable mono-, bi-, and multi-stability under axial displacements by modulation of transverse confinement. If the specimen is considered as an architected material, these results show its ability to generate intriguing, non-monotonic shear stresses. The outcomes would foster the development of novel, advanced mechanical metamaterials that exploit pennation and multidimensionality.
Exploring Threshold Effects in the Impact of Housing Abandonment on Nearby Property Values

Most research examining the impact of distressed properties on nearby property values has assumed that each additional distressed property has the same marginal effect on nearby property values as ...
Trumpian Ethics and the Rule of Law

Comparison of recent firings by President Trump with the firing of United States Attorneys by then Attorney General Alberto Gonzales. The author applies lessons learned as one of the fired U.S. Attorneys, together with a recent ethical conundrum occurring during his service in the Middle East to describe a method of ethical decision making and ethical leadership broadly applicable to lawyers and all who support the rule of law.
Introduction to Machine Learning

Most complex machines or software utilize algorithms, which is a methodology defined to solve a specific problem. In some cases, the algorithm has an adaptive capability, allowing the algorithm to adapt for varying conditions. In contrast, machine learning does not have specific algorithm. Rather, it has a basic structure, to process data and produce outputs. The structure typically contains thousands or millions of weights, or coefficients. These weights are determined by passing data, lots of data, through the structure and updating the weights during a feedback process where the results are usually known in advance, to produce the desired output. This weight updating is called training, and large amounts of data, often labeled with the “right” answer, is used. Labeled data training is called supervised training, where the correct outcome is labeled and used as feedback. When the data has no labeling, the training is unsupervised. In either case, the machine learning is trained by using enormous amounts of data and trying many scenarios and incrementally updating the weights to produce the desired results. This eventually allows correct results to be produced at the great majority of the time. It also means that a human designer or engineer is not required to painstakingly develop and tune an algorithm for a specific task. Enormous amounts of compute power are able to replace “intelligence” and as powerful compute devices as well as large databases become evermore available; machine learning will be more prevalent in many aspects of everyday life. Some everyday examples of machine learning are as follows: internet search engine behavior, email spam identification, credit card fraud alerts, tax return anomaly detections, online product shopping suggestions, speech recognition, facial recognition, automotive driving assist functionality, and much more.
Widening the study of military organization in the early modern South Asian context: an examination of the Sinhala Hatana Kavya

This essay highlights the under-represented subject of military organization in the context of early modern Sri Lanka. Military organization is a topic well covered in North Indian studies of the M...
Specialist Competitor Referrals: How Salespeople Can Use Competitor Referrals for Nonfocal Products to Increase Focal Product Sales

AbstractIntuition suggests that a salesperson should not refer consumers to a competitor for products that they both sell. However, myriad examples reveal salespeople doing just that. The authors study specialist competitor referrals, a sales strategy by which one increases consumers’ purchase likelihood of a focal product (e.g., a painting at an art gallery) by (1) referring consumers to a competitor (e.g., a frame warehouse store) that offers a nonfocal product (e.g., a frame) at a lower price, while (2) stating that the stores differ in their specializations (i.e., the stores concentrate their efforts on different goods). Using a study and survey with salespeople, experimental studies, an incentivized negotiation experiment, and a field study, the authors show that specialist competitor referrals can indeed benefit sellers. Specifically, they build on equity theory to show that specialist competitor referrals increase focal product sales by reducing consumers’ perceived overpayment risk for the focal p...
Autoantibodies against the Immunoglobulin-Binding Region of Ro52 Link its Autoantigenicity with Pathogen Neutralization.

Ro52/TRIM21 plays a key role in antibody-dependent pathogen neutralization and is a major autoantigen in systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren’s syndrome (SS), and other autoimmune diseases. Here we evaluated immunoreactivity against Ro52-related molecules in SS and healthy volunteers. Although most proteins examined were not antigenic, several TRIM paralogs, including TRIM22, and TRIM38, showed sporadic immunoreactivity in SS. In contrast, the murine Ro52 ortholog with limited linear homology demonstrated high levels of autoantibodies implicating the importance of shared conformational epitopes. To further explore the autoantigencity of Ro52, deletion and point mutant analyses were employed revealing previously hidden, robust autoantibodies directed against its C-terminal immunoglobulin-binding domain. Another autoantibody, rheumatoid factor, targeting the Fc region of IgG, strongly overlapped with Ro52 seropositivity (odds ratio 14; P < 0.0001). These convergent mechanistic findings support a model whereby intracellular Ro52-bound antibody-coated pathogen complexes, released or misprocessed from infected cells, drive autoantigenicity against Ro52 and the Fc region of IgG.
Evaluation of IVAC® Variable Pressure Volumetric Pump Model 560 for the Delivery of Red Blood Cells, Adenine–Saline Added

Mechanical pump systems for the delivery of intravenous solutions have been used for the transfusion of red blood cells. In this study, the IVAC® Variable Pressure Volumetric Pump Model 560 was evaluated for that purpose using flow rates of 70 mL/hour and 999 mL/hour through 16-, 19-, and 23-gauge needles and an 18-gauge angiocatheter. The largest degree of hemolysis induced by the delivery system resulted in a mean increase of plasma hemoglobin of 150 mg/L (15 mg/dL); this is equivalent to the loss of 0.03% of the red blood cells. When programmed to deliver 15 mL of red blood cells, the IVAC 560 delivered 15.0 ± 0.3 mL at a rate of 70 mL/hour and 14.9 ± 0.3 mL at 999 mL/hour. The authors conclude that the IVAC 560 can be used to deliver red blood cells with a minimal, acceptable level of hemolysis. It also delivers an accurate and precise volume of red blood cells that may be an aid to the transfusionist.
Computed tomography of optic nerve colobomas, morning glory anomaly, and colobomatous cyst

CT scanning can be of great value in evaluating optic nerve colobomas, particularly in clinical situations in which corneal, lenticular, vitreal, or other opacities hinder visualization of the optic disc. Experience with the patients presented here demonstrates that CT scanning is useful in the assessment of the presence and size of classic colobomas, morning glory anomaly, and microphthalmos with cyst. It is also of value in assessing associated ocular defects such as microphthalmos, shallow anterior chamber, and atrophic ciliary body.
Physique Contrast Effect: Adverse Impact of Idealized Body Images for Women

Adherence to an attractiveness ideal was considered as a possible mediator of a physique contrast effect among Caucasian women. Following exposure to photographs of models typifying idealized thin physiques, women displayed decreased self-esteem and increased self-consciousness, social physique anxiety, and body dissatisfaction. Although women with low adherence to an attractiveness ideal seemed to be advantaged by having greater self-esteem, less self-consciousness, and lower physique anxiety or dissatisfaction than their high adherence counterparts, these women did not display any unique resistance to the contrast effect. High affirmation of an attractiveness ideal was associated with exceptionally high potential for disordered eating. Eating disorder potential did not show influence of the contrast effect, but long-term implications were considered.
The Problem of Superconductivity in Organic and Organo-Metallic Compounds

I would like to give a brief introduction to the subject of superconductivity in preparation for the panel discussion. I hope that in this way the two segments at this conference can be brought together — those who have been working principally with organic semiconductors, and those who are working in superconductivity.
A simplified model for the post-fire earthquake flexural response of reinforced concrete walls with boundary elements

Abstract A potential multi-hazard scenario for buildings is the sequential occurrence of fire and earthquakes, with such a scenario possible if a fire is triggered by an initial seismic event and a subsequent aftershock occurs. With fire negatively influencing the stiffness, strength, and deformation capacity of structural components, the building may be at risk for local or global collapse. The key role of reinforced concrete (RC) walls as lateral load resisting components make them of particular importance in considering the post-fire earthquake performance of buildings. Since the risk of fire-earthquake hazards is low, simplified models are needed to efficiently evaluate building performance. In this paper, a framework for simplified nonlinear modeling of RC walls is presented. The models are defined by modification factors that account for the change in wall response relative to that of a wall without fire damage. Modification factors, established from the results of a parameter study of walls using a verified simulation method, are a function of fire damage indices that account for the effect of fire on the material properties of steel and concrete. The dependence of wall response on most wall characteristics is eliminated by use of the damage indices, with the recommended modification factors dependent on the fire damage index and axial load alone.
Health Care in the 2018 Election

Health Care in the 2018 Election Polls indicate that health care is the number one issue for Democrats in deciding their votes in the 2018 elections, but it is not among the top five for Republicans. Most Democrats support the ACA and “Medicare for all,” and most Republicans oppose these policies.
Intestinal Transplantation: Indications, Outcomes, and Challenges

Abstract The successful development of intestinal and multivisceral transplantation is one of the milestones in the recent history of human organ transplantation. All types of gastrointestinal transplantation have evolved to be the standard of care for patients with gut failure and complex abdominal pathology. The outcome has markedly improved over the last three decades due to technical innovation, novel immunosuppression, and better postoperative care. Recent data documented significant improvement in the long-term therapeutic indices of all types of visceral transplantation close to that achieved with thoracic and solid abdominal organs.
“Still I Rise”: a Black feminist teacher’s journey to (re)member her journey to teach

This critical autoethnography documents how the author navigated the dilemma of learning and teaching history as a racial queer. Through the use of narrative vignettes and reflection, the author ex...
The Protective Effect of Prone Positioning on Human Rejected Donor Lungs during Cellular Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion

Purpose We previously reported that prone positioning (PP) of porcine lungs during cellular ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) diminished inflammatory injury and improved oxygenation and other pulmonary parameters during cellular EVLP. We hypothesized that prone positioning of human lungs during cellular EVLP may diminish injury and improve function, as well. The aim of this study is to validate the previous results with porcine lungs and evaluate the potential benefits of PP EVLP with human rejected donor lungs. Methods Eleven human rejected donor lungs were flushed and stored for 15-16 hours with Perfadex. Lungs were then subjected to 2 hours of cellular EVLP with either maintenance of prone positioning (prone group, n = 6) or supine positioning (control group, n = 5). Lung function was evaluated using blood gas analysis, airway and vascular parameters, visual findings, wet/dry (W/D) ratio and lung weight at 2 hours of EVLP. Results Lung weight (LW) ratio (LW at 2 hours of EVLP/ LW prior to EVLP) was lower in Prone group than in Control group [median (interquartile range)] [1.09 (0.82-1.32) vs. 1.22 (1.01-1.50), p = 0.5] (not statistical significant). The PaO2/FiO2 (P/F) ratio of left atrial blood was significantly higher in Prone group than in Control [335.5 (297.2-392.5) vs. 198.0 (190.5-271.0) mmHg, p Conclusion These results demonstrate that PP during 2 hours of cellular EVLP result in less lung weight gain, and better P/F ratio, especially in the lower lobes. These results were consistent with our previous animal study, and suggest that prone positioning EVLP of rejected human donor lungs also may diminish IRI during EVLP.