cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Asynchronous and density-dependent germination: the spreading of risk in Plumatella emarginata

I examined both temporal and spatial aspects of the germination of asexually produced sessoblasts of the phylactolaemate bryozoan Plumatella emarginata. The majority of sessoblasts germinated over a 5-week period from April to May; low frequencies of germination were observed from June to September. During May and June high sessoblast density further enhanced asynchrony. Risk spreading in response to both unpredictable disturbances and high sessoblast density may explain asynchronous germination in this system.
PREDICTING LIBRARY CIRCULATION FROM COMMUNITY CHARACTERISTICS

In this study, the authors investigate the relative influence of ten variables as predictors of library circulation in the United States. Their findings regarding the relationship between level of female education and total library circulation; population size of community and circulation of fiction; and community income level and nonfiction use of libraries are a few of many significant discoveries. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the American Sociological Association meetings in Montreal in September 1964. Dr. Parker is Associate Professor of Communication at Stanford University, and Mr. Paisley is Research Assistant in the Institute for Communication Research and Instructor in Communication at Stanford University.
2-mercaptoacetate and 2-deoxy-d-glucose induce Fos-like immunoreactivity in rat brain

2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) and 2-mercaptoacetate (MA) are antimetabolic drugs that selectively antagonize glucose and fatty acid utilization, respectively, and stimulate feeding. Fos immunohistochemistry was employed to identify brain neurons activated by these drugs and to assess the role of the vagus nerve in the drug effects. Remote intravenous infusions of both MA and 2-DG induced Fos-like immunoreactivity (Fos-li) in specific brain sites, but the pattern was different for the two drugs. Mercaptoacetate induced Fos-li in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), the central subnucleus of the lateral parabrachial nucleus (1PBN), the central nucleus of the amygdala (CNA, lateral part) and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV). Induction of Fos-li in the brain by MA was totally abolished by vagotomy. 2-Deoxy-D-glucose also induced Fos-li in the NTS, CNA (lateral part) and DMV, as well as in the external 1PBN subnucleus, locus coeruleus, paraventricular and supraoptic hypothalamic nuclei, and in scattered cells throughout the diencephalon. Induction of Fos-li by 2-DG was not blocked by vagotomy. Results suggest that 2-DG's effects on Fos-li are mediated by a direct central action, whereas MA's effects are mediated by peripheral sensory neurons. Thus, availability of glucose and fatty acids influences the activity of specific brain sites by different neural mechanisms. The correlation of Fos-immunoreactive sites with sites where lesions have been shown to cause deficits in MA- and 2-DG-induced feeding indicates that c-fos expression defines in part the central pathways involved in the metabolic control of feeding.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
MO‐D‐M100J‐08: Effect of a Biologically‐Based Prescription Function in IMRT Dose Optimization

Purpose: The feasibility of delivering deliberately heterogeneous dose distributions based on biological image data is related to transformations that map the image data to dose prescription values, which is currently unknown. We created optimized dose distributions that were based on four possible image‐to‐dose‐prescription transformations to determine their delivery feasibility. Materials and Methods: Tomotherapy photon dose calculations were performed for a canine with a nasopharyngeal tumor using the Convolution/Superposition algorithm. Linear, square root, quadratic, and Gompertz transformations between the standard uptake values (SUV) from 61 Cu ‐ATSM PETimages and the prescriptions were implemented to yield weighted distributions of prescribed dose boosts in regions of expected radio‐resistant hypoxic cells. Maximum dose boosts were constrained to reflect clinically realistic whole tumor doses and constant normal tissue doses. Optimized heterogeneous dose distributions were found by minimizing a voxel‐by‐voxel quadratic objective function in which all tumor voxels were given equal importance weightings. Results: The planned non‐uniform dose distributions founded on hypoxia maps display variability between preservation and resolution of biological heterogeneities. Whereas the linear transform preserved the SUV distribution with similar heterogeneities in the prescription, the square root and quadratic transforms softened or sharpened heterogeneities in respective prescriptions. The square root dose plan matched its prescription well due to shallow dose gradients but failed to resemble the hypoxia map, while the quadratic plan poorly matched its prescription due to steep gradients but resembled the PET scan. The linear planned dose distribution matched both its prescription and the biological image fairly well. Conclusions: Simple transformations investigate the importance of knowing given prescriptions exactly to deliver non‐uniform dose distributions from biological images. Transformations that blur heterogeneities lead to dose distributions that match their prescriptions coupled with loss of conformality to the PETimages. Those preserving heterogeneities lead to less well‐matched distributions but do conform to the scans.
Transfusion-related transmissible diseases: detection by polymerase chain reaction-amplified genes of the microbial agents.

HE AIDS epidemic has had a profound impact on the way physicians and their patients view the safety of hemotherapy. Despite the advanees made in the past 10 years, transmission of blood­ borne infections is the most frequent and serious eomplication of homologous transfusions. Most of the deaths eaused by transfusion are caused by the transmission of various blood-borne infectious agents (viruses, bacteria, and protozoa). A com­ prehensive list of the microbial agents reported to cause transfusion-aequired infections is given in Table 1, but the common and medically important pathogens for the blood supply in North America, Europe, and Japan are the hepatitis viruses, human retroviruses, and herpes viruses. l Ideally, blood for transfusion should be tested for the presence of those agents that are prevalent in a given population and that, if transmitted, can cause serious disease in the recipient. Although laboratory tests for most microbial agents transmit­ ted by transfusion can be performed, most tests do not deteet all infeetious donors. Careful sereening of the medical and behavioral history of the vol­ untary blood donors, combined with a multiplicity of laboratory tests used in sereening donated blood, should reassure the potential reeipients of transfusions that the blood supply is safer now than at any time in the past. The enzyme-immunoassays (ElA) used in sereening our blood supply for the immunologie markers of viral infections have ef­ fectively redueed the risk of transfusion-acquired infeetion. Despite these sueeesses, a small residual risk of viral transmission is inevitable because of the possibility that an infeeted donor has not yet produced immunologie markers deteetable by the ElA. Reeent developments in moleeular biology and gene amplification technology provide a prom­ ise of further redueing the infeetious eomplications of blood transfusions; however, the goal of zero­ risk transfusions may not be attainable, consider­ ing that only a fraction of a milliliter of eaeh do­ nor's sample is tested, eompared with the half liter ofblood eollected for transfusion. Current research in transfusion microbiology is aimed at minimizing this risk by (1) routine removal of the leukocytes
Development and Characteristics of Modified Agar Gels

Icing formulations that are being used in bakery and confectionary industries have a lot of post storage problems. The use of stabilizers like agar involves a high cost due to the dissolving process. This study involved the development of freeze-dried and drum-dried agars which are soluble in warm water (55°C). The two modified products were compared with the unmodified one to determine differences in gel formation, gel strength, viscosity and micro structure. The agar modified by drum drying dissolved at 55°C and its gel had characteristics similar to the gel made with unmodified agar heated to 100°C.
Effect of coupled channel mixing on magnetic dipole transitions of charmonium

The effect of coupled channel mixing is included in the calculation of magnetic dipole(M1) one photon radiative decay rates of charmonium by using a nonsingular potential model. We find that the coupled channel mixing has a moderate effect on the M1 decay rates and the calculated decay rates are in better agreement with the experimental data than those predicted by neglecting the effect of coupled channel mixing
The Eyes Have It: Hippocampal Activity Predicts Expression of Memory in Eye Movements

Although there is widespread agreement that the hippocampus is critical for explicit episodic memory retrieval, it is controversial whether this region can also support indirect expressions of relational memory when explicit retrieval fails. Here, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with concurrent indirect, eye-movement-based memory measures, we obtained evidence that hippocampal activity predicted expressions of relational memory in subsequent patterns of viewing, even when explicit, conscious retrieval failed. Additionally, activity in the lateral prefrontal cortex and functional connectivity between the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex were greater for correct than for incorrect trials. Together, these results suggest that hippocampal activity can support the expression of relational memory even when explicit retrieval fails and that recruitment of a broader cortical network may be required to support explicit associative recognition.
Quench Performance of a 4-m Long ${\rm Nb}_{3}{\rm Sn}$ Shell-Type Dipole Coil

Fermilab has finished the first phase of Nb3Sn technology scale up by testing 2-m and 4-m long shell-type dipole coils in a dasiamagnetic mirrorpsila configuration. The 2-m long coil, made of Powder-in-Tube (PIT) Nb3Sn strand, reached its short sample limit at a field level of 10 T. The 4-m long coil, made of advanced Nb3Sn strand based on the Restack Rod Process (RRP) of 108/127 design, has been recently fabricated and tested. Coil test results at 4.5 K and 2.2 K are reported and discussed.
On the practicality and desirability of highly-concurrent, mostly-functional programming

We propose the practicality and desirability of a programming style, ravelling. Ravelling makes extensive use of threads with mostly functional code computing local state. By passing values across channels other threads induce an owning thread to change state or report information about itself Our experience suggests that ravelling makes for flexibility in design and relative ease in introducing new code.
Robot learning via socially guided exploration

We present a learning mechanism, Socially Guided Exploration, in which a robot learns new tasks through a combination of self-exploration and social interaction. The system's motivational drives (novelty, mastery), along with social scaffolding from a human partner, bias behavior to create learning opportunities for a Reinforcement Learning mechanism. The system is able to learn on its own, but can flexibly use the guidance of a human partner to improve performance. An initial experiment shows how a human shapes the learning process through suggesting actions, drawing attention to goal states,
Inefficiencies and High-Value Improvements in U.S. Cervical Cancer Screening Practice: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

Background Studies suggest that cervical cancer screening practice in the United States is inefficient. The cost and health implications of nonadherence in the screening process compared with recommended guidelines are uncertain. Objective To estimate the benefits, costs, and cost-effectiveness of current cervical cancer screening practice and assess the value of screening improvements. Design Model-based cost-effectiveness analysis. Data sources New Mexico HPV Pap Registry; medical literature. Target population Cohort of women eligible for routine screening. Time horizon Lifetime. Perspective Societal. Intervention Current cervical cancer screening practice; improved adherence to guidelines-based screening interval, triage testing, diagnostic referrals, and precancer treatment referrals. Outcome measures Reductions in lifetime cervical cancer risk, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), lifetime costs, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios, and incremental net monetary benefits (INMBs). Results of base-case analysis Current screening practice was associated with lower health benefit and was not cost-effective relative to guidelines-based strategies. Improvements in the screening process were associated with higher QALYs and small changes in costs. Perfect adherence to screening every 3 years with cytologic testing and adherence to colposcopy/biopsy referrals were associated with the highest INMBs ($759 and $741, respectively, at a willingness-to-pay threshold of $100,000 per QALY gained); together, the INMB increased to $1645. Results of sensitivity analysis Current screening practice was inefficient in 100% of simulations. The rank ordering of screening improvements according to INMBs was stable over a range of screening inputs and willingness-to-pay thresholds. Limitation The effect of human papillomavirus vaccination was not considered. Conclusions The added health benefit of improving adherence to guidelines, especially the 3-year interval for cytologic screening and diagnostic follow-up, may justify additional investments in interventions to improve U.S. cervical cancer screening practice. Primary funding source U.S. National Cancer Institute.
Dietary linolenic acid and carotid atherosclerosis: the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Family Heart Study.

Background: Dietary intake of linolenic acid is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease mortality. However, it is unknown whether linolenic acid is associated with a lower risk of carotid atherosclerosis. Objective: The objective was to examine the association between dietary linolenic acid and the presence of atherosclerotic plaques and the intima-media thickness of the carotid arteries. Design: In a cross-sectional design, we studied 1575 white participants of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Family Heart Study who were free of coronary artery disease, stroke, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. High-resolution ultrasound was used to assess intima-media thickness and the presence of carotid plaques beginning 1 cm below to 1 cm above the carotid bulb. We used logistic regression and a generalized linear model for the analyses. Results: From the lowest to the highest quartile of linolenic acid intake, the prevalence odds ratio (95% CI) of a carotid plaque was 1.0 (reference), 0.47 (0.30, 0.73), 0.38 (0.22, 0.66), and 0.49 (0.26, 0.94), respectively, in a model that adjusted for age, sex, energy intake, waist-to-hip ratio, education, field center, smoking, and the consumption of linoleic acid, saturated fat, fish, and vegetables. Linoleic acid, fish long-chain fatty acids, and fish consumption were not significantly related to carotid artery disease. Linolenic acid was inversely related to thickness of the internal and bifurcation segments of the carotid arteries but not to the common carotid artery. Conclusion: Higher consumption of total linolenic acid is associated with a lower prevalence odds of carotid plaques and with lesser thickness of segment-specific carotid intima-media thickness. Am J Clin Nutr 2003;77:819‐25.
Statewide modeling of bobcat, Lynx rufus, habitat in Illinois, USA

We used sighting location and remotely sensed habitat data, multivariate statistical techniques, and a geographic information system to model bobcat (Lynx rufus) habitat in Illinois, thereby providing state wildlife managers with information to review the listing of bobcats as a state-threatened species and contribute to the development of a statewide management plan. We used canonical discriminant function analysis to model presence/absence and relative abundance of bobcats statewide. These models suggested that bobcats occurred in moderate to high abundance in 23 of 98 counties statewide (23%). We used stepwise logistic regression (SLR) analysis to model statewide habitat suitability. Spatial modeling of the SLR equation predicted that 29% of Illinois contained suitable habitat classified as P>0.50. Models were accurate when validated with an independent data set and indicated the importance of woods-related habitat variables to bobcats. In conclusion, these models provided tools to rapidly assess status that contributed to delisting bobcats as a threatened species in Illinois and provided further information to guide conservation efforts.
Domestic Law and Tax Treaties: The United States

In this paper, I provide an overview of the interaction between U.S. domestic law and tax treaties. This paper was prepared for, and was presented at, a conference on domestic law and tax treaties that took place in Milan, Italy in November 2005, under the aegis of the Italian Council of Ministers and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The papers presented at the conference (including this paper) are scheduled to be published in book form - as part of the International Bureau of Fiscal Documentation's "EC and International Law Series" - in early 2006. As is the case with each of the country reports for the conference, this paper is split into four parts: In the first part, I discuss where tax treaties fit into the hierarchy of U.S. law. In the second part, I discuss references to domestic law made by tax treaties and references to tax treaties made by domestic law. In the third part, I discuss the rise of treaty overrides and the codification of the later-in-time rule, the method for analyzing potential legislative overrides, the questionable potential for administrative overrides, and remedies for breach of a treaty through override. In the final part, I discuss the federal courts' use of judicial doctrines to combat abuse of treaties as well as legislative and administrative anti-abuse measures, focusing in particular on the extent to which the use of these doctrines and the application of these measures are viewed as consistent with treaty obligations.
Female and Male Medical Students’ Exposure to Violence: Impact on Well Being and Perceived Capacity to Help Battered Women*

This paper contributes to the literature on domestic violence in several ways. First, the analysis explicitly models the endogeneity of the decision to leave. Second, the sample of abuse victims is...
Measurement of Linewidth Enhancement Factor and Nonlinear Gain of Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers

A high frequency current modulation technique was used to measure the linewidth enhancement factor of vertical cavity surface emitting lasers. It is found that the ratio of the phase modulation index p to the amplitude modulation index m/2 is a strong function of modulation frequency R, due to the presence of nonlinear gain, as reported for many kinds of edge-emitting semiconductor lasers1,2. The linewidth enhancement factor and nonlinear gain coefficient were obtained from measurements of 2β/m versus Ω. The measured nonlinear gain of the VCSEL device was found to decrease for an increased pump level.
Discussion on the NO_x control strategy based on the development of FGD industrialization

In our country, there are three development stages in flue gas desulphurization (FGD) industrialization: "cold" stage, "hot" stage and "warm" stage. The features of each development stage are analyzed, and some problems emerged in FGD industrialization are pointed out, for example, low technical innovation ability, better supervision for FGD facility and so on. NOx control strategy should extract experiences and lessons of FGD industrialization development process. The rules that denitrification before flue gas de-NOx should be keep. The flue gas de-NOx technique with proprietary intellectual property rights should be developed. The scientific and reasonable NOx emission standards and policy system should be drew up. The scientific and reasonable policies of electricity price of de-NOx should be promulgated, and it is necessary to fully motivate the enthusiasm of electricity undertaking to control NOx emissions.
Testing the O-Ring theory using data from the English Premier League

Abstract This paper measures the impact of different workers in a production process dependent on their expected productivity. Using the setting of professional football, expected productivity is measured from the transfer fees paid to acquire players. It shows that the most expensive players tend to have the largest impact on the game whereas the least expensive players have little impact. The findings support superstar theories rather than O-ring theory. We also find that the optimal spending distribution is more skewed than the observed distribution suggesting some constraint in the market for superstars.
Regions of Hierarchy and Security: US Troop Deployments, Spatial Relations, and Defense Burdens

ABSTRACTRecent work has begun exploring the effects of foreign military deployments on host-state foreign policies. However, research mostly focuses on dyadic relationships between major powers and host-states, ignoring the broader regional security environment of host-states. We develop a theory of spatial hierarchies to understand how security relationships throughout the region surrounding the host-state affect host-state foreign policy. Using data on US military deployments from 1950–2005, we show that regional security considerations condition how host-states respond to the deployment of military forces to their territory. Consequently, regional analyses are fundamental in understanding monadic and dyadic decisions about security, alliance behavior, and conflict.
Functional longevity of honey bee, Apis mellifera, queens inseminated with low viability semen.

SUMMARYQueen honey bees artificially inseminated using semen with 46% or more live spermatozoa consistently laid all fertilized eggs in normal worker brood patterns at 3–4 weeks after insemination. However, queen producers that might use stored semen to preserve breeder stock would want to rear daughter queens throughout a season, longer than these experimental queens were observed. To determine how long queens inseminated with low viability semen continue to produce worker brood, sister queens were inseminated with various mixtures of fresh and freeze-killed semen, or were allowed to mate naturally. Colonies were evaluated for area of comb with all stages of brood, the percentage of worker vs. drone offspring in sealed brood, and the number of empty cells in a representative area of sealed brood once a month for 5–6 months, at midwinter, and again the following spring. One queen of 22 queens inseminated with 75% or more fresh semen became a partial drone layer by mid winter, only two of the 21queens inse...
Large-Volume WOCE Radiocarbon Sampling in the Pacific Ocean

At the University of Miami Tritium Laboratory and the University of Washington Quaternary Isotope Laboraptory, more than 1000 large-volume Pacific Ocean radiocarbon samples were measured for the WOCE program. Here we present a comprehensive data set, and a brief discussion of our findings.
Fine clinical differences between patients with multifocal and diffuse hepatic hemangiomas.

Abstract Background It has been reported that multifocal and diffuse hepatic hemangiomas are true infantile hemangiomas for which a continuum probably exists. We determined the similarities and fine differences between the two types of hemangioma and identified the multifocal subgroup of type, which needs timely treatment. Material and methods Twenty-four patients (4 males and 20 females; age 114±142days) with multifocal or diffuse hepatic hemangiomas who were treated between January 2000 and June 2015 were studied. For the multifocal type, patients were divided into countable (MC) and uncountable (MU) subgroups. The medical data were analyzed retrospectively. Results The clinical presentations included hepatomegaly (n=11), dyspnea (n=7), heart failure (n=9), hypothyroidism (n=6), and anemia (n=1). There were 19 and 5 patients with multifocal and diffuse types, and 6 and 13 patients in the MC and MU groups, respectively. There were significant differences between the multifocal and diffuse types with respect to hepatomegaly, heart failure, dyspnea, and hypothyroidism. However, there was no difference between the MU group and the diffuse type except for hypothyroidism. Observation was commonly recommended for patients with the multifocal type, and their survival rate was clearly higher than for patients with the diffuse type. Both the MU and diffuse-type groups needed treatment, unlike MC patients. The complete remission rate was higher in the MC group than in the MU and diffuse-type groups. Patients with the diffuse type were more likely to die. Conclusions Patients with diffuse-type hepatic hemangioma are at high risk and need active treatment. The MU group for the multifocal type is unique and has high similarities to the diffuse type with respect to clinical presentation and treatment, which suggests that a continuum of the disease phenotypes exists. Level of evidence Case–control study, level III.
Decomposition of W(CO) 6 in zeolite Y : EPR studies

EPR spectroscopy has been employed to investigate the decomposition of W(CO) 6 adsorbed in the super cages of HY and NaY zeolites. In HY, decomposition is accompanied by oxidation of the tungsten, producing W+5 cations which are located initially within the supercages but which migrate into hidden sites within the sodalite units or hexagonal prisms upon high temperature activation in vacuo. O2 reacts with W cations in the super cages to form [math]. In NaY, decomposition of W(CO)6 proceeds via an intermediate sub carbonyl radical containing 2 equivalent W atoms. Complete decarbonylation produces zerovalent W which forms a second [math] species on exposure to O2 , but which resists further oxidation.
A comparison of arsenic exposure in young children and home water arsenic in two rural West Texas communities.

In a previously conducted Health Impact Assessment of a well-water dependent southwest community, arsenic (As) levels greater than the EPA Maximum Contaminant Level (10 μg/L) were identified in home water samples. The goals of this study were to test whether children from the previously studied well-water dependent community (Community 1) had higher blood As levels than children from a demographically similar and geographically nearby community dependent on a municipal water supply (Community 2); to test whether home water As levels predicted child As blood levels; and to examine how child As blood levels changed over time. This was an observational study of 252 children aged 4 to 12 years from two communities. Children were recruited through elementary schools and tested during the school day; 204 children participated in follow-up testing. Home water samples were collected according to U.S. Environmental Protection agency recommended procedures. Child heavy metal blood levels and home water sample heavy metal levels were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. General linear regression analysis was used to test the influence of community on child As levels, and to examine the contribution of home water As levels to child blood As levels. Arsenic was detectable in all children tested. Blood levels ranged from 0.09–2.61 μg/dL; approximately 31% of children tested at Time I (79/252) had blood As values above the current acceptable limit (1.2 μg/dL). Approximately 8% of household water samples (6/76) had As levels higher than 10 μg/L. Community did not predict child blood As levels; seasonal effects differed by Community. At Time II, child blood As levels were higher in Community 2 than in Community 1. A large proportion of children in the communities tested had As exposure. Home water As levels did not predict child blood As levels. Fluctuating child blood As levels by season and over time suggested the contribution of multiple factors and the need for further studies.
Statistical retrieval of surface and root zone soil moisture using synergy of multi-frequency remotely-sensed observations

Plant's photosynthetic activity and transpiration are constrained by the amount of water available to them through roots (i.e. root zone soil moisture) as well as nutrient and atmospheric conditions. Therefore, to better understand the response of plants to different stress conditions, knowledge of root zone soil moisture is essential. However, current global satellites dedicated to soil moisture monitoring are limited to L-band frequencies that have a low (< 5cm) penetration depth. In this study, we implement a new root zone soil moisture retrieval algorithm that takes advantage of multi-frequency microwave observations to infer root soil moisture from L-band measurements and inspired by plant hydraulics. The algorithm is a statistical retrieval that uses a set of target data to train an artificial neural network. Results of applying the retrieval algorithm to one year of observations along with future validation measures is presented.
Terms of Address and Identity in American-Japanese Workplace Interaction

This study explores the interactional use of address terms in workplace conversations between Japanese workers and American student interns. It is found that speakers generally use the term that is most neutral and unmarked in the addressee’s native language and culture: Japanese address American interns by their first names while the Americans address the Japanese with last name plus the suffix san. Several examples of American interns deviating from typical patterns are also examined, revealing that non-standard forms of address are a resource for interactionally reinterpreting identities so as to mitigate impositions or disagreements. Implications for identity in intercultural professional communication are discussed.
Integrated inventory routing and freight consolidation for perishable goods

Abstract We propose a model that integrates inventory routing and freight consolidation for perishable goods with a fixed lifetime. The problem is motivated by the status quo of logistics in some U.S. agriculture markets, but adapts to other relevant two-echelon supply chains, e.g. combined production planning and distribution. We first identify special cases where solving single-echelon subproblems sequentially yields an asymptotically optimal solution. For the general case, we propose an iterative framework that consists of a decomposition procedure and a local search scheme. In the decomposition, a freight consolidation subproblem is first solved to obtain crucial shipping decisions, and after fixing these a restrictive model generates the other decisions for the integrated problem. The local search aims at fast identification of good neighborhoods by solving an assignment-style mixed-integer program that matches the consolidation decision with an inventory routing subproblem, and gradually strengthens the incumbent solution pool when executed in an iterative fashion. Experiments based on empirical demand distributions demonstrate that our proposed iterative framework is quite efficient compared to a sequential approach, and that it effectively solves challenging instances.
The shaping of selection: Secondary migration, scale, and changing immigrant geographies

The internal migration and settlement patterns of immigrants have long been of interest in assessing immigrant outcomes. Here, I use U.S. census microdata from 1940, 1970, and 2000 to analyse the changing relationships between secondary migration, immigrant concentration, and earnings outcomes. By simultaneous estimation of models for those who undertake internal migration and those who do not, the endogenous switching regressions employed here relate individual and place characteristics to earnings outcomes through the mechanism of selective migration. Investigating how these relationships change over time and between generations, as well as the differing relevance of overall mobility versus intercounty migration, contributes to theoretical perspectives on spatial assimilation and secondary migration. The critical finding is that immigrant concentration at destination is positively associated with wage outcomes for movers, although remaining in immigrant concentrations can have negative effects. Effects are more significant for those undertaking larger scale moves and more consistent over time. Women and less educated individuals who move show diminished earnings disadvantages. These findings suggest that it is useful to think about migration as a strategy through which immigrants respond to vulnerability and that the advantages or disadvantages of immigrant context are related to selective migration. Additionally, the characteristics experienced by a previous immigrant generation in situ suggest that the salience of immigrant geography emerges over time, as metros with high immigrant wages and educational levels continue to attract immigrants and their offspring decades later.
Abstract IA01: PARP inhibitors as single agents and in combinations for ovarian cancer: What lies ahead?

Poly (ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are an exciting and promising new class of anticancer drugs. Initial clinical trials of PARP inhibitors began over a decade ago following the discovery that PARP inhibitors in vitro had heightened anticancer activity in BRCA mutated cancer cells compared to BRCA wild-type cells. PARP inhibitor clinical development has taken several strategies, including single-agent and combination testing. Single-agent PARP inhibitors have been used as either primary treatment of recurrent ovarian cancer or as maintenance treatment following anticancer response after platinum-based chemotherapy. Three PARP inhibitors are now FDA approved for recurrent ovarian cancer, all as single agents: 1) olaparib for patients with recurrent germline BRCA mutated ovarian cancer who have received 3 or more prior lines of chemotherapy and also as maintenance therapy post-platinum therapy for patients with platinum sensitive recurrence who are in response to platinum-based chemotherapy and regardless of BRCA or tumor HR status; 2) rucaparib for patients with BRCA mutated ovarian cancer (either deleterious tumor or germline mutation) who have received at least 2 prior lines of chemotherapy; and 3) niraparib for platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer patients as maintenance therapy who are in response to platinum-based chemotherapy and regardless of BRCA or tumor HR status. Because of the myelosuppression observed with PARP inhibitors, combining these agents with chemotherapy has been difficult and has required lowering the doses of either the PARP inhibitor and/or the chemotherapy agents and often abbreviating the treatment schedule; several negative phase III studies have been reported. Combining PARP inhibitors with biologic agents is another strategy currently being tested in clinical trials and one that avoids overlapping toxicities. The combination of the PARP inhibitor olaparib and the antivascular endothelial growth factor receptor agent cediranib has shown promising phase II results against olaparib alone, especially in BRCA wild-type ovarian cancer. These results have led to phase III studies comparing the olaparib and cediranib combination to standard therapies (NCT02502266 and NCT02446600). Other studies are under way testing PARP inhibitors with other biologic agents such as immunotherapy agents and other targeted agents such as ATR inhibitors, PI3 kinase inhibitors, and heat shock protein 90 inhibitors. Citation Format: Ursula A. Matulonis. PARP inhibitors as single agents and in combinations for ovarian cancer: What lies ahead? [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Conference: Addressing Critical Questions in Ovarian Cancer Research and Treatment; Oct 1-4, 2017; Pittsburgh, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2018;24(15_Suppl):Abstract nr IA01.
Frequency-following responses elicited by a consonant-vowel with intonation

To date, two major types of acoustic stimuli have been used to evoke frequency-following responses (FFRs) – either by using a consonant-vowel or by using a vowel with intonation, but not both. The goals of this study were to (1) determine the feasibility of recording FFRs by forging a CV and intonation into one acoustic stimulus, and (2) examine the characteristics of such responses. Twelve Chinese adults (8 females, 4 males, age = 25.58 ± 4.23 years old) were recruited. FFRs were elicited by using the consonant-vowel /da/ combined with a rising intonation pattern (fundamental frequencies 85-93 Hz) for a total of 8000 sweeps from each participant. Six objective indices (Consonant Amplitude, Consonant Latency, Consonant Slope, Frequency Error, Tracking Accuracy and Pitch Strength) were derived from all recordings. Results demonstrated that it was feasible to record the consonant, vowel and intonation responses simultaneously. Results also demonstrated distinctive FFR trends with increasing number of sweeps for the consonant, vowel and intonation responses. Taken together, these findings may have important implications for basic research and clinical applications.To date, two major types of acoustic stimuli have been used to evoke frequency-following responses (FFRs) – either by using a consonant-vowel or by using a vowel with intonation, but not both. The goals of this study were to (1) determine the feasibility of recording FFRs by forging a CV and intonation into one acoustic stimulus, and (2) examine the characteristics of such responses. Twelve Chinese adults (8 females, 4 males, age = 25.58 ± 4.23 years old) were recruited. FFRs were elicited by using the consonant-vowel /da/ combined with a rising intonation pattern (fundamental frequencies 85-93 Hz) for a total of 8000 sweeps from each participant. Six objective indices (Consonant Amplitude, Consonant Latency, Consonant Slope, Frequency Error, Tracking Accuracy and Pitch Strength) were derived from all recordings. Results demonstrated that it was feasible to record the consonant, vowel and intonation responses simultaneously. Results also demonstrated distinctive FFR trends with increasing number of sweeps...
JAK/STAT proteins and their biological impact on NK cell development and function

NK cells are important early effectors in the innate immune response to a variety of viral infections and for elimination of tumor cells. The JAK/STAT signaling cascade is critical for NK cell development, maturation, survival, and proliferation, therefore, it is important to understand the role of this pathway in NK cell biology. Many cytokines can activate multiple JAK/STAT protein family members, creating a severe phenotype when mutations impair their function or expression. Here we discuss the impact of defective JAK/STAT signaling pathways on NK cell development, activation and cytotoxicity.
Effect of preconception low dose aspirin on pregnancy and live birth according to socioeconomic status: A secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial

Low socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and infertility. Low-dose aspirin (LDA) was shown to improve livebirth rates in certain subsets of women, and therefore, may impact pregnancy rates differentially by SES status. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to examine whether daily preconception-initiated LDA affects rates of pregnancy, livebirth, and pregnancy loss differently across strata of socioeconomic status (SES). This is a secondary analysis of The Effects of Aspirin in Gestation and Reproduction (EAGeR) Trial, a multisite, block- randomized, placebo-controlled trial conducted at four U.S. medical centers (n = 1,228, 2007–2012). Women attempting spontaneous conception with a history of pregnancy loss were randomly allocated preconception to 81mg of aspirin + 400mcg of folic acid (n = 615) or placebo + 400mcg of folic acid (n = 613). Study medication was administered for six menstrual cycles or until 36 weeks’ gestation if pregnancy was achieved. For this analysis, women were stratified by SES, which included income (low, mid, high) and a combined grouping of education and income (low-low, low-high, high-low, high-high). Log binomial models with robust variance estimated risks of pregnancy, livebirth, and pregnancy loss for LDA versus placebo. LDA increased pregnancy and livebirth rates (RR 1.23, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.45) in the high-income, but not mid- or low-income groups. LDA increased pregnancy rates in both the low education-low income group (RR 1.22, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.46) and the high education-high income group (RR 1.23, 95%CI: 1.06, 1.42), with no effect observed in mid-SES groupings. LDA, a low-cost and widely available treatment, may be particularly beneficial to women at the highest and lowest ends of the socioeconomic spectrum, though underlying mechanisms of this disparity are unclear. Confirming these findings and identifying factors which may modulate the effectiveness of LDA will ultimately facilitate personalized clinical care and improvements in population-level reproductive health. Trial registration number: ClinicalTrials.gov, {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT00467363","term_id":"NCT00467363"}}NCT00467363.
Understanding the Impact of Bundling Initiatives on Coordination of Care for Hip and Knee Arthroplasties

Date Presented 04/04/19 This study examined the bundling payment methodologies in regard to patient quality of care for individuals receiving hip and knee arthroplasties. Perspectives of healthcare professionals and administrators across the continuum of care were gathered to identify common themes. Primary Author and Speaker: Katherine Lally Additional Authors and Speakers: Vanessa Jewell, Helene Lohman, Melinda Schultze, Hannah Ehresman Contributing Authors: Lynette Akai, Kelsey Russell
The feature(s) [grave]

Abstract The relationship between the different proposed acoustic correlates of the feature [Grave] and the varying classes of sounds proposed to be defined by this feature is explored. After it is pointed out that two scales of gravity for consonants, one based on position of concentration of energy in the spectra of burst/fricative hiss of obstruents and the other based on the position of the start of F2 transition to adjacent vowels, are not identical, a means is proposed whereby a single feature [Grave] which applies to both consonants and vowels can be retained. It is further suggested that interchanges in point of articulation of labial and velar obstruents are always due to similarities in the spectral characteristics of the consonants themselves and not to similarities in F2 transitions.
The relationship between animal and plant protein intake and overall diet quality in young adults.

Summary Background & aims Overall diet quality is a key predictor of disease risk and mortality. Diets higher in animal protein have been associated with increased disease risk and all-cause mortality. However, the source of protein consumed will inevitably influence the intake of other macronutrients and micronutrients which can also play a role in the onset of disease. The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between animal and plant protein intake and overall diet quality in young adult females and males. Methods Dietary intake was assessed via 3-day food log (n = 150; 53% females) and data were analyzed using the Nutrition Data Systems for Research (NDSR). Results Females and males consuming 70% of their protein from animal sources. Males scored lower than females on the modified HEI regardless of protein source intake variation. Conclusions Our findings suggest that overall diet quality differs with varying protein source consumption and eating • Protein source intake affects overall dietary quality. • Consuming • Females had better overall diet quality than males.
Psychological Status as an Effect Modifier of the Association Between Sinonasal Instrument and Imaging Results

Objective:To determine whether psychological status is an effect modifier of the previously observed low discriminatory capacity of Sinonasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22) scores for Lund-Mackay comput...
Dual-Output Isolated Gate Driver Power Supply for Medium Voltage Converters using High Frequency Wireless Power Transfer

With the recent advancement in semiconductor technology, SiC Mosfets with a high blocking voltage, e.g. 10kV, and a high switching frequency, e.g. 100kHz, has been fabricated and bring great opportunities for medium voltage (MV) converters to have a high power density while achieving simple architectures compared to conventional multilevel converters. However, the high blocking voltage and high switching frequency results in a high dV/dt during switching transients, causing a serious common-mode (CM) current noise that circulates through gate driver (GD) and control circuit, which can interrupt the operation of the MV converters. Therefore, in order to ensure a proper operation of the MV converters, gate driver power supplies (GDPSs) should have a low coupling capacitance as well as a high voltage insulation. This paper presents a compact dual-output isolated power supply (PS) powering GD circuits of medium voltage (MV) converters, which satisfies the two above requirements. The impact of rectifier and shielding on the coupling capacitance is analyzed in details. The proposed PS is based on the principle of wireless power transfer (WPT) with one transmitter (Tx) coil powering two receiver (Rx) coils simultaneously at the operation frequency of 4MHz. These coils are fabricated on a single PCB. Measurements are performed to validate the designed gate driver power supply (GDPS) and show that it achieves a compact size and a high voltage isolation while maintaining a low coupling capacitance.
Of the Same Breath: Indigenous Animal and Place Names: By Lucie A. Möller. Bloemfontein, South Africa: Sun Press, 2017. Pp. xiii + 365. (Pbk R475) ISBN 978-1-928424-02-4; (e-Book R380) ISBN 978-1-928424-03-1. Available from www.sun-e-shop.co.za; electronic version is available on the African Sun Media App downloadable from Google Play Store/Apple iStore

The onomastic team at the University of the Free State in Bloemfontein, South Africa, has made important contributions over the years to the study of names, primarily the place names of southern Af...
Genetic Variants of Erythrocytes

This chapter discusses some genetic variants of the human red cell with clear-cut relationships to solute transport. These include band 7.2b deficiency, congenital increase in red cell pump sites, S and C hemoglobinopathies, congenital absence of carrier-mediated urea transport, and two mutations of the anion exchanger.