cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Design of a system-in-package based low phase noise VCO using 3-D integrated passives on a multilayer liquid crystalline polymer substrate

This paper presents the design of a transformer based LC oscillator in a novel multilayer laminate-type process technology that uses multiple layers of liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) dielectric material. The VCO core employs a lumped-element transformer as the resonator to achieve low phase noise at low power consumption. The VCO is designed at 1.9 GHz and measures a phase noise of -116 dBc/Hz @ 100 KHz offset from the carrier at 12 mW of DC power consumption, inclusive of the output buffer. The paper uses a comparative experimental approach to determine the key passive elements of the resonator that significantly contribute to the VCO phase noise. To verify the approach, two identical Si bipolar VCOs with resonators of different group delay were fabricated on a novel six metal layer LCP process with each VCO occupying an area of 5.3 /spl times/ 5.8 mm/sub 2/ (including RF output and supply pads). This paper experimentally verifies that the parasitic EM coupling between the resonator components at frequencies well beyond the third harmonic causes the VCO frequency to shift to the frequency of coupling. A full-wave EM solver and a macro-modeling tool were used to develop a broad-bandwidth circuit model (/spl sim/ 10 GHz) of the resonator. This model was used in circuit simulations to analyze and eliminate the spurious oscillatory behavior of the VCO due to the EM coupling between the resonator elements.
ADMINISTRATOR OPINIONS OF BUDGETING AND FUNDING FORMULA USE IN COMMUNITY COLLEGES

As fewer state and federal monies are made available for campus distribution, financing higher education has become an increasingly complex task. During this time of financial uncertainty, the management of institutional funds has become of paramount importance and requires more stringent analysis and accountability. One approach to better fiscal management has been attention to budgeting and funding formula guidelines. This investigation was undertaken to identify primary budgeting strategies and funding formula use in community colleges. Results indicate that community college administrators place primary reliance on rationalist approaches to budgeting and tend to use performance‐based budgets. Results also identify composite funding formulas as the most frequently reported type of funding formula used in community colleges.
Improved diagonal tensor approximation (DTA) and hybrid DTA/BCGS–FFT method for accurate simulation of 3D inhomogeneous objects in layered media

This paper presents an improved diagonal tensor approximation (DTA) and its hybridization with the stabilized biconjugate-gradient fast Fourier transform (BCGS–FFT) algorithm to solve a volume integral equation for three-dimensional (3D) objects in layered media. The improvement in DTA is obtained for lossy media through a higher-order approximation. The interaction between the dyadic Green's function and the contrast source is efficiently evaluated by the (FFT) algorithm through the convolution and correlation theorems. For the hybrid implementation, the DTA solution is used as an initial estimate and a preconditioner in the BCGS–FFT algorithm in order to solve the forwards modelling problem accurately with fewer iterations than the conventional BCGS–FFT algorithm. The accuracy and convergence of the DTA, BCGS–FFT and hybrid DTA/BCGS–FFT methods are compared extensively with several numerical examples. Numerical results show that (a) the improved DTA formulation enhances the accuracy and (b) the DTA/BCGS...
Sex differences in emotional reactions to discovered deception

This study explores sex differences in perceptions of discovered deception, and the subsequent emotional reactions that are experienced by relational partners. Drawing upon research examining deception, relational communication, and gender, several hypotheses were developed and tested in a sample of 190 respondents who had recently discovered the lie of a friend or romantic partner. The data were consistent with the hypotheses. Women were more likely than men to rate lying as an unacceptable form of behavior within both friendship and romantic relationships. In addition, women rated the act of lying (regardless of what was lied about) as more significant, and reported more negative emotional reactions upon discovering deception than did men. Generalized communicative suspicion functioned to enhance the intensity of emotional reactions for women, but not for men. Implications of the current results for the study of deception are discussed.
Novel algorithms for massively parallel, long-term, simulation of molecular dynamics systems

Abstract In this paper, a novel algorithm for solution of the constrained equations of motion with application to simulation of the molecular dynamics systems is presented. The algorithm enables the solution of equations of motion with an internal coordinates model wherein the high-frequency oscillations are frozen by explicit inclusion of hard constraints in the system as well as by clustering of atoms and, thus, allowing a much larger time step in the integration. For a molecular system with N clusters, the algorithm achieves the optimal sequential complexity of O ( N ). However, the main advantage of this new algorithm is its efficiency for massively parallel computation. In fact, this is the first known algorithm that achieves a both time- and processor-optimal parallel solution for the constrained equations of motion, i.e. an optimal computation time of O (log N ) by using an optimal number of O ( N ) processors. In addition to its theoretical significance, this algorithm is also very efficient for practical implementation on the coarse grain MIMD parallel architectures owing to its highly decoupled computational structure.
Low-pressure microwave-induced helium plasma emission spectrometry: Determination of subnanogram quantities of zinc by use of a tungsten filament vaporization system

Abstract An improved method for the determination of subnanogram quantities of zinc has been devised using a tungsten filament for vaporization in a low-pressure microwave-induced helium plasma emission spectrometer. Desolvation and ashing in an air atmosphere of zinc containing samples in the presence of 1,10-phenanthroline (8 m m ) and potassium chloride (3 m m ) prevent fractional vaporization and yields a single, sharp emission signal. Analysis of nanogram quantities of zinc metalloenzymes contained in sample volumes of 5 μl illustrates the use of this method. The coefficient of variation for 0.14 ng of zinc in 75 ng of carboxypeptidase A is 3.5%, with a detection limit of 3 pg.
The death effector domain protein family: regulators of cellular homeostasis

The death effector domain (DED) occurs in proteins that regulate programmed cell death. Both pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins containing DEDs have been identified. For Fas and possibly other death receptors, homotypic DED interactions connect the Fas-associated death domain (FADD) protein to caspase-8 and caspase-10 to mediate formation of the death-inducing signal complex. This complex can be inhibited by other DED-containing proteins. Accumulating evidence now suggests that DED-containing proteins have additional roles in controlling pathways of cellular activation and proliferation. Thus, the DED defines a family of proteins that may be pivotal to cellular homeostasis by establishing a 'cell renewal set point' that coregulates proliferation and apoptosis in parallel.
Carbon Accounting a Tricky Business

The Policy Forum “Fixing a critical climate accounting error” (23 October 2009, p. [527][1]), in which T. D. Searchinger et al. describe the error of assigning biofuel carbon emissions as zero, is long overdue. The heat-trapping potential of carbon dioxide from a modern carbon source is exactly
Limiting future atmospheric carbon dioxide

We estimate anthropogenic carbon emissions required to stabilize future atmospheric CO{sub 2} at various levels ranging from 350 ppm to 750 ppm. Over the next three centuries, uptake by the ocean and terrestrial biosphere would permit emissions to be 3 to 6 times greater than the total atmospheric increase, with each of them contributing approximately equal amounts. Owing to the nonlinear dependence of oceanic and terrestrial biospheric uptake on CO{sub 2} concentration, the uptake by these two sinks decreases substantially at higher atmospheric CO{sub 2} levels. The uptake also decreases with increased atmospheric CO{sub 2} growth rate. All the stabilization scenarios require a substantial future reduction in emissions. 57 refs., 20 figs., 3 tabs.
The Three Advents in the Secunda Pastorum

There are things in the Secunda Pastorum that no longer need explaining.* The play is able to entertain and teach audiences a half-millenium removed from its original Yorkshire setting; and its success on stage and in the classroom is matched by its scholarly esteem. The play works. But appreciating why it succeeds today may not indicate precisely its original inspiration or effect, which is to say that interpretation of a work of art is altered by change of context, be it historical or personal. The connotations of this medieval dramatic work, like the connotations of its words, have changed, perhaps subtly but nevertheless significantly. Since the same may also be said of the connotations which the work's structure carries, we ought also to be careful in applying modern meanings to it. We may look instead for something approximating its original connotation. While we shall never be fully confident we have discovered exactly what the author intended, we may nevertheless discover meanings and influences whose examination will deepen our modern appreciation of his work. In exploring such regions, moreover, we may approach a finer understanding of the artist's and his contemporary audience's world. The following investigation, I hope, will contribute something to each of these goals. Since Homer Watt's pivotal essay in 1940, it has been impossible to treat the Secunda Pastorum as anything but a unified work; and the critical literature until recently was predominantly devoted to identifying more completely and explaining more fully the elaborate patterns of analogy which Watt demonstrated were the links joining the Mak story and the Bethlehem Nativity. This examination of the play may be said to have culminated in the studies by Lawrence Ross and Linda Marshall.' The double-plot structure of
Potent, orally bioavailable calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonists for the treatment of migraine: discovery of N-[(3R,6S)-6-(2,3-difluorophenyl)-2-oxo-1- (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)azepan-3-yl]-4- (2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin- 1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxamide (MK-0974)

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of migraine. Herein we describe optimization of CGRP receptor antagonists based on an earlier lead structure containing a (3R)-amino-(6S)-phenylcaprolactam core. Replacement of the phenylimidazolinone with an azabenzimidazolone gave stable derivatives with lowered serum shifts. Extensive SAR studies of the C-6 aryl moiety revealed the potency-enhancing effect of the 2,3-difluorophenyl group, and trifluoroethylation of the N-1 amide position resulted in improved oral bioavailabilities, ultimately leading to clinical candidate 38 (MK-0974).
Discussions of Religion and Relational Messages: Differences between Comfortable and Uncomfortable Interactions

Although many Americans consider religion important in their everyday lives, most feel uncomfortable when confronted with issues concerning religion and faith. The present study focused on the relational messages and contextual factors related to comfort levels in religious conversations. Using Burgoon and Hale's (1984, 1987) relational topoi, it was hypothesized that messages of intimacy and composure would relate positively to comfort levels in religious conversations, whereas messages of dominance and formality would relate negatively to comfort levels. These hypotheses received support. Furthermore, contextual factors such as perceived religious similarity and relational closeness were both positively associated with comfort levels. A discriminant analysis of these variables revealed that relational messages, specifically affection/involvement, receptivity/trust, and dominance, were the strongest predictors whether participants perceived a conversation as comfortable or uncomfortable.
Materials for a Course in English on Portuguese and Brazilian Literature and Culture

Amado, Jorge, The Violent Land. Tr. Samuel Putnam. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1945. Excellent novel excellently translated; deals with the epic of the cacao plantations. Cruls, Gastdo, The Mysterious Amazonia. Tr. J. T. W. Sadler. Rio de Janeiro: Livraria Z6lio Valverde, 1944 (obtain from the Livraria Jose Olympio, Rua do Ouvidor, 110, Rio de Janeiro). A skillful combination of the factual and the fantastic, this novel gives a feeling of the shadowy grandeur of the Amazon region. da Cunha, Euclydes, Rebellion in the Backlands. Tr. Samuel Putnam. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1944. Careful edition of this fundamental book, with maps, prefaces, notes, and bibliographies. da Cunha, Euclydes, Revolt in the Backlands. Tr. Samuel Putnam. London: Victor Gollancz Ltd., 1947. This is merely a skilful abridgement of Rebellion in the Backlands. It is less expensive than the complete translation and is eminently usable. Lins do Rego, Jos6, Pureza. Tr. Lucie Marion. London: Hutchinson International Authors, Ltd., 1948. A penetrating study of complex human relationships and springs of action, set in Recife and Paraiba. The erotic element is very prominent. Monteiro Lobato, Jos6 Bento, Brazilian Short Stories. Girard, Kansas: Haldeman-Julius Publications, 1925. Three excellent stories from the author's famous Urupes, with an introduction by Isaac Goldberg. The translator is unnamed.
Assessment training and team functioning for treating children with disabilities

Abstract Berman S, Miller AC, Rosen C, Bicchieri S. Assessment training and team functioning for treating children with disabilities. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2000;81:628-33. Objective: To investigate differences in team functioning before and after assessment training. Design: Before-after trial. Setting: Outpatient rehabilitation and education program in a university medical center-based rehabilitation institute. Participants: A population-based sample of 19 rehabilitation and education specialists. Intervention: Baseline measures were taken during four meetings using the multidisciplinary team approach. Training in a global measure of child development ensued and staff administered the test to children in their care. Test results were then used during four transdisciplinary team meetings. Outcome Measures: Behavioral ratings of team participation (Transdisciplinary Team Rating Scale), self-report instruments of team development (Team Assessment Questionnaire), treatment planning and goal development (Staff Perception Questionnaire). Results: Results of t tests confirmed two of three hypotheses. There was more team member participation during transdisciplinary meetings than during multidisciplinary meetings ( p =.003) and staff members' perceptions of the efficacy of treatment planning and implementation of goals significantly favored the transdisciplinary model ( p p =.254). Conclusion: This study provides evidence for the value of training in an assessment tool that requires the use of a common, functional language that is comprehensible to all staff members and promotes a transdisciplinary approach to team work. © 2000 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Subunit Stoichiometry of a Core Conduction Element in a Cloned Epithelial Amiloride-Sensitive Na+ Channel

The molecular composition of a core conduction element formed by the alpha-subunit of cloned epithelial Na+ channels (ENaC) was studied in planar lipid bilayers. Two pairs of in vitro translated proteins were employed in combinatorial experiments: 1) wild-type (WT) and an N-terminally truncated alphaDeltaN-rENaC that displays accelerated kinetics (tauo = 32 +/- 13 ms, tauc = 42 +/- 11 ms), as compared with the WT channel (tauc1 = 18 +/- 8 ms, tauc2 = 252 +/- 31 ms, and tauo = 157 +/- 43 ms); and 2) WT and an amiloride binding mutant, alphaDelta278-283-rENaC. The channels that formed in a alphaWT:alphaDeltaN mixture fell into two groups: one with tauo and tauc that corresponded to those exhibited by the alphaDeltaN-rENaC alone, and another with a double-exponentially distributed closed time and a single-exponentially distributed open time that corresponded to the alphaWT-rENaC alone. Five channel subtypes with distinct sensitivities to amiloride were found in a 1alphaWT:1alphaDelta278-283 protein mixture. Statistical analyses of the distributions of channel phenotypes observed for either set of the WT:mutant combinations suggest a tetrameric organization of alpha-subunits as a minimal model for the core conduction element in ENaCs.
THE VASODILATOR AND VASOCONSTRICTOR PROPERTIES OF BLOOD SERUM AND PLASMA

1. In plasma there exists a vasodilator substance specific for the vessels of the kidney. 2. This substance is a proteid of the albumin class and is precipitated by boiling and by alcohol. 3. It is present also in the serum. 4. It acts directly on the muscle coats of the arteries. 5. The process of clotting of the blood liberates a constrictor substance that acts on the renal vessels and also on the vessels of the limb. 6. This constrictor substance is not a proteid; it resists boiling, is soluble in alcohol, and acts directly on the muscle coat.
RAT HIPPOCAMPAL MOSSY FIBERS CONTAIN CHOLECYSTOKININ-LIKE IMMUNOREACTIVITY

Background: The possibility that mossy fiber endings in the rat hippocampal formation may contain cholecystokinin (CCK) was reexamined. Methods: For this, CCK-immunoreactivity was examined by light and electron microscopy using the avidin-biotin complex method. Results: At the light level, the topographical distribution of perikarya and processes with CCK-like immunoreactivity (CCK-LI) was similar to that previously described by others. Ultrastructural analysis of the dentate gyrus and CA3 region of the hippocampus revealed that some mossy fiber terminals contained CCK-LI most often affiliated with large, dense-core vesicles (DCV). Quantitative analysis revealed that 4–8% of the mossy terminal profiles examined (n = 350) contained CCK-labeled DCVs, which corresponded to 0.03–0.2 labeled DCVs per 100 μm2 of neuropil. Conclusions: The presence of CCK-LI within mossy fibers in the rat suggests that there is less species variability in peptide expression in this pathway than formerly believed. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
IMPAIRED COGNITIVE FUNCTION AT AGE 7 YEARS AND OTITIS MEDIA WITH EFFUSION (MEE) DURING THE FIRST 3 YEARS OF LIFE: A PROSPECTIVE, LONGITUDINAL STUDY

IMPAIRED COGNITIVE FUNCTION AT AGE 7 YEARS AND OTITIS MEDIA WITH EFFUSION (MEE) DURING THE FIRST 3 YEARS OF LIFE: A PROSPECTIVE, LONGITUDINAL STUDY
Aging and recognition memory for emotional words: a bias account.

The present study investigated age-related differences in the locus of the emotional enhancement effect in recognition memory. Younger and older adults studied an emotion-heterogeneous list followed by a forced choice recognition memory test. Luce’s (1963) similarity choice model was used to assess whether emotional valence impacts memory sensitivity or response bias. Results revealed that the emotional enhancement effect in both age groups was due to a more liberal response bias for emotional words. However, the pattern of bias differed, with younger adults more willing to classify negative words as old and older adults more willing to classify positive words as old. The results challenge the conclusion that emotional words are more memorable than neutral words.
NEUROLOGICAL FINDINGS IN 4 SIBLINGS WITH THE KLIPPELFEIL SYNDROME

In 1912, Klippel and Feil described a patient with fusion of cervical vertebrae. Three forms exist. We report the neurological problems occurring in four siblings with Type II K-F Syndrome. A 19 y/o female had respiratory distress at birth requiring tracheostomy. She has whistling respirations, mild spasticity and no brevicollis. Cervical x-rays are abnormal. An 18 y/o brother has progressive spasticity, speech and swallowing difficulties, brevicollis, and bulbar signs. Myelography revealed spinal cord compression. Posterior and anterior decompression were necessary to prevent progression. A 14 y/o sister has no symptoms. She has spasticity, brevicollis, and abnormal cervical x-rays. A 10 y/o sister has severe headache and facial numbness with head turning. She has brisk DTR's, brevicollis, cervical malformation and probable cord comnression. The parents have no brevicollis and normal x-rays. The importance of this malformation lies in the secondary effects produced on the nervous system. Manifestations are those of cord and brain stem compression, weakness, spasticity, staggering, dysmetria, nystagmus, sensory loss and lower cervical nerve involvement. Early recognition, evaluation and surgical treatment is emphasized.
Seismic And Gravity Surveys For Water Resources, Tularosa Basin, New Mexico

Geophysical methods have a role to play in exploration for water resources, particularly in arid regions where the water table may be deep, and knowledge of subsurface geology is important to predicting where water may pond and how it may be moving at depth. Here we present a case study in which gravity and seismic data were used to delineate bedrock structure in the eastern Tularosa basin on the flank of the Sacramento Mountains in southern New Mexico. The results suggest that a 1-2 km wide, N-S trending graben occurs within the basin adjacent to the Sacramento Mountains. We suggest that groundwater entering the basin at the foot of the mountains may be pond in the graben and diverted northward along a north-dipping bedrock surface.
Psychiatric education: notes on psychiatric careers.

Summary The increasing variety of careers within dynamic psychiatry brings into play many different personal qualities of individuals and their interests in other sciences, creative activities, and human institutions. Psychiatrists concentrate their work in a special professional area and usually, also participate in more than one of the career fields of clinical practice, teaching, administration, development of new applications, research or scholarship. The adaptive fit between these activities and the qualifications of individuals is examined, especially what psychiatrists enjoy and what they must overcome or tolerate.
Over-the-counter sales of statins and other drugs for asymptomatic conditions.

Two Food and Drug Administration advisory committees recently voted not to recommend approval of over-the-counter sales of lovastatin. This article reviews the rationale behind the committees' recommendations and discusses the risks and benefits of nonprescription sales of statins and other medications for asymptomatic conditions.
The role of intracellular messengers in adrenocorticotropin secretion in vitro

Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), an opiomelanocortin peptide, is secreted from anterior pituitary corticotrophs upon stimulation with corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), arginine vasopressin (AVP) and several other neuropeptides. CRH, the most potent secretagogue of ACTH, stimulates ACTH secretion and biosynthesis by increasing the production of cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP) within corticotrophs. AVP, which is a weak secretagogue of ACTH but strongly potentiates CRH-stimulated ACTH secretion, operates through the phosphatidylinositol (PI) transduction pathway. Both CRH and AVP increase cytosolic free [Ca2+] within normal corticotrophs indicating a role for Ca2+ in ACTH secretion. Glucocorticoids inhibit ACTH synthesis by suppressing transcription of the proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene and attenuate ACTH release by decreasing cAMP accumulation stimulated by CRH. This review focuses on the roles of these intracellular messengers in ACTH secretion from normal anterior pituitary cells in vitro, and discusses the possible interactions between the cAMP, calcium and PI transduction pathways. Future areas of research are suggested such as identification of protein substrates of cAMP-dependent and Ca2+-dependent kinases within normal corticotrophs and evaluation of their role in ACTH biosynthesis and secretion.
What Not to Multiply Without Necessity

The Razor commands us not to multiply entities without necessity. I argue for an alternative principle—The Laser—which commands us not to multiply fundamental entities without necessity.
Sequence alterations in RX in patients with microphthalmia, anophthalmia, and coloboma.

Purpose: Microphthalmia, anophthalmia, and coloboma are ocular malformations with a significant genetic component. Rx is a homeobox gene expressed early in the developing retina and is important in retinal cell fate specification as well as stem cell proliferation. We screened a group of 24 patients with microphthalmia, coloboma, and/or anophthalmia for RX mutations. Methods: We used standard PCR and automated sequencing techniques to amplify and sequence each of the three RX exons. Patients’ charts were reviewed for clinical information. The pathologic impact of the identified sequence variant was analyzed by computational methods using PolyPhen and PMut algorithms. Results: In addition to the polymorphisms we identified a single patient with coloboma having a heterozygous nucleotide change (g.197G>C) in the first exon that results in a missense mutation of arginine to threonine at amino acid position 66 (R66T). In silico analysis predicted R66T to be a deleterious mutation. Conclusions: Sequence variations in RX are uncommon in patients with congenital ocular malformations, but may play a role in disease pathogenesis. We observed a missense mutation in RX in a patient with a small, typical chorioretinal coloboma, and postulate that the mutation is responsible for the patient’s phenotype.
Plasticity of the Central Nervous System and Chronic Pain

AbstractThis review will focus on our current knowledge of the changes that occur within the central nervous system after peripheral nerve injury. Damage to peripheral nerves from either injury or disease often leads to the development of chronic abnormal pain states. Such abnormal pain states include persistent pain, spontaneous paroxysmal pain, allodynia (i.e., normally innocuous stimuli perceived as nociceptive) and hyperalgesia (increased sensitivity to noxious stimuli). Painful neuropathy represents a seriously debilitating syndrome that affects millions of people and their quality of life. Equally important, neuropathic pain is resistant to common protocols for treatment of chronic pain, and is commonly refractory to opioids. It is thus important to understanding the underlying mechanisms of neuronal plasticity that can initiate and maintain neuropathic pain states in order to develop novel and effective treatments. Responses to injury include general cellular and molecular mechanisms for growth of ...
Pseudospectral Feedback Control: Foundations, Examples and Experimental Results

Suppose optimal open-loop controls could be computed in real time. This implies optimal feedback control. These controls are, typically, nonsmooth. Nonsmooth controls raise fundamental theoretical problems on the existence and uniqueness of feedback solutions. A simple, yet powerful, approach to address these theoretical issues is the concept of a …-solution that is closely linked to the practical implementation of zero-order-hold control sampling. In other words, even traditional feedback controls involve open-loop controls through the process of sampling. In this paper, we advance the notion of
Reliability assessment of ship structures using Bayesian updating

Abstract This paper presents an approach for reducing the uncertainty in the performance assessment of ship structures by updating the wave-induced load effects with the data acquired from structural heath monitoring (SHM). The initial information on the wave-induced load effects is calculated based on strip theory. Bayesian updating method is used to incorporate the processed SHM data to update the wave-induced vertical bending moment modeled by the Rayleigh distribution and its extreme values modeled by the Type I extreme value (largest) distribution. Three general cases associated with updating (a) only one parameter, (b) two parameters separately, and (c) two correlated parameters simultaneously in the Type I extreme value distribution are investigated. Aging effect due to corrosion is considered in the resistance modeling. Time-variant reliabilities before and after updating are evaluated. The proposed approach is illustrated with the Joint High Speed Sealift.
Variables Predicting Students' Problem Behaviors

Data from the 1988 National Education Longitudinal Study (NELS:88) were analyzed to identify variables related to five types of student behavior: misbehavior, violent behavior, substance abuse, pre...
EVALUATION OF PROCEDURES FOR ESTIMATING WITHIN-SPOT POPULATIONS OF DENDROCTONUS FRONTALIS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) DURING A COLLAPSING EPIDEMIC

Data from 87 trees within 21 natural infestations were used to estimate the population size of the southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus flontalis Zimmermann) under collapsing high-level conditions in North Carolina. Spots of K trees (1<K<12) were created by random selection without replacement from the initial pool. Samples of m trees (1<m<K) were then chosen from each simulated spot according to random and selective plans. These samples over m trees were then extrapolated to the full K tree spot by 1 of 3 scaling factors: percentage of trees sampled, percentage of diameter sampled, or percentage of phloem area sampled. In this manner the total numbers of parent adults, brood, and brood adults were estimated for each artificial spot. Proportional errors, defined as (observed value – expected value)/(observed value), were computed over 10 000 independent trials for a variety of sample sizes, spot sizes, and scaling factors. The precision of these errors, after a bias correction was applied, was used to compare the different schemes. Random-diameter and largest-diameter schemes were judged best because of their good precisions and ease of application. However, when these results were applied to the 21 natural infestations, the confidence intervals were found to be too narrow to include the expected number of estimates. A discussion of this shortcoming is discussed in relation to spot dynamics and its effect on the application of this sampling technique.
Abstraction of multiple executions of object-oriented programs

Recovering software behaviors from execution traces is useful in program comprehension and maintenance. Multiple executions upon different test inputs can help to locate program behaviors related to a particular use case, i.e. a specific functionality. An abstraction and visualization environment Abstracer was developed, and experiments have been performed on an open-source software, JHotDraw.
Baseline measurements of smoke exposure among wildland firefighters.

Extensive measurements of smoke exposure among wildland firefighters are summarized, showing that firefighters can be exposed to significant levels of carbon monoxide and respiratory irritants, including formaldehyde, acrolein, and respirable particulate matter. Benzene was also measured and found to be well below permissible exposure limits, with the highest concentrations occurring among firefighters working with engines and torches burning petroleum-based fuel. Exposures to all pollutants were higher among firefighters at prescribed burns than at wildfires, while shift-average smoke exposures were lowest among firefighters who performed initial attack of wildfires in the early stages of the fires. Smoke exposure reaches its highest levels among firefighters maintaining fire within designated firelines and performing direct attack of spot fires that cross firelines. These events and the associated smoke exposures were positively correlated with increasing ambient wind speeds, which hamper fire managemen...
Effects of phonon pore scattering and pore randomness on effective conductivity of porous silicon

Abstract The observed low effective thermal conductivity of porous silicon makes for its convenient fabrication and integration as a thermal insulation layer in microelectronics. The observed average pore size is controlled by the etching process and ranges between 1 and 100 nm, which on the low end is much less than the bulk phonon mean-free path. This low effective conductivity, i.e., low effective phonon mean-free path, can be explained with the inclusion of the effects of the phonon pore scattering and the pore randomness. The available two-dimensional porous silicon pore-network simulations are used along with the Boltzmann transport equation to determine the effective conductivity. It is shown that the hindering effect of the phonon pore scattering (due to reflection from the solid-pore interface) is significant for small pore size. Also, due to the dendritic structure of the pores, the hindering effect of the pore-network randomness is significant. The predictions are compared with the existing experiments and a good agreement is found.
Temperature Dependence of the Fluorescence Lineshape and Lifetime of Titanium-Doped Sapphire

Titanium-doped sapphire is of interest as a tunable solid state laser material because it has a broad tuning range (660-980 nm), a stimulated emission cross-section an order of magnitude larger than that of alexandrite and it apparently does not exhibit excited state absorption. The fluorescence spectrum of Czochralski grown Ti:Al2O3 was measured at various temperatures from 13K to 578K. The spectrum indicates a broad structureless maximum at about 780 nm. The low temperature spectrum shows three zero-phonon lines with energy separation in agreement with both IR spectra and previous work on Ti:Al2O3. One-, two-, and three-phonon vibronic transitions are observed and they indicate the presence of phonons of energy 222 cm-1 and 260 cm-1. The temperature dependence of the fluorescence linewidth, fit to a single phonon model yields a mean phonon energy of 492 cm-1. Measurements of the temperature dependence of the fluorescence lifetime (3.9us at 14K) shows a sharp decrease beginning at about 200K. The rate of this decrease can be used to estimate the energy threshold for the onset of indirect transition (1300 cm-1).
Finding building shapes that minimize mean trip times

Abstract The paper provides a computer-aided means of ensuring that a proposed multiple-floor building is shaped so that the time that people need to move around inside the building is minimized. The metric that captures this is the mean trip time. This is lower, for example, on a square floor than on an elongated floor of the same area. Spreadsheet formulae are provided to identify the number and shape of building floors that minimize mean trip time given building areas, people's walking speed, and lift speed and wait times. In the case of buildings with two floor sizes, the optimal number of floors of each size and the ratio of the two floor areas are also found. These formulae assume evenly distributed trips, i.e. that trip starts and finishes are equally and independently distributed throughout the building. This alleviates the need to obtain interdepartment-trip volumes and department areas. New simple distance theorems form the basis of the formulae. One odd finding is that, in some situations, a multiple-floor building with two floor sizes has a marginally lower mean trip time than a building of equal area in which all the floors are the same size.
THEOPHANY AND INDICATION: RECONCILING AUGUSTINIAN AND PALAMITE AESTHETICS1

Based on an analysis of certain theophanic narratives in the Hebrew Scriptures (Exodus 3 and 19, 1 Kings 19), this article poses the question of their Christian exegesis: which of the Persons of the Holy Trinity appeared to the patriarchs and prophets of the Old Testament and how? This seemingly trivial question has become a decisive and controversial topic in the formation of two distinct theological aesthetics: one influenced by Augustine in the West and another that finds its culmination with Gregory Palamas in the East. The aim of this article is to reconcile the polemical interpretations of Old Testament theophanies by employing a Christological understanding of aesthetics as developed by Hans Urs von Balthasar (in his Herrlichkeit) and a more nuanced understanding of signification as developed by Husserl and Merleau-Ponty under the concept of indication.
Analytical Model of Apparent Threshold Voltage Lowering Induced by Contact Resistance in Amorphous Silicon Thin Film Transistors

In this paper, we have shown that in a-Si TFT's the apparent threshold voltage extracted by conventional methods is lowered by the presence of the source/drain contact resistance, especially at short channel lengths and the analytical model presented to explain this effect is in good agreement with the experimental data. This model is particularly useful for AMOLED applications where the contact resistance has a crucial role in determining the driving current and thus the brightness of the pixels. In this abstract, we (i) show that this series resistance causes a large lowering of the "apparent" threshold voltage when it is extracted by conventional methods, and (ii) develop an analytical model to explain this effect. The model is supported by experimental data at different channel lengths and series resistances.
Implementation of TEAN-sleep for Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Network have many potential applications, including environmental monitoring and threat surveillance, among many others. Sensor nodes are limited in processing capabilities, radio range, storage but most importantly in energy. When a node's energy is exhausted, the node can no longer provide sensor data to the network, nor can it forward data from other nodes. This can result in a network partition. One way a node may extend its lifetime is by the use of sleep. In many of the applications of WSNs the nodes are idle most of the time until an event occurs and information needs to be transmitted. A node is able to save energy while idle by sleeping. Topology and Energy Adaptive, Non-synchronous (TEAN) sleep provides the nodes in a network a mechanism to save energy by sleeping while also keeping a connected network. In this paper, we present an implementation of TEAN-sleep in tinyOS on a 50 node test bed of Crossbow TelosB motes. Preliminary test results show significant improvement in network lifetime when TEAN-sleep is engaged, with insignificant degradation of connectivity.
From Freire to Feminism: The North American Experience with Critical Pedagogy

Archer, D., & Costello P. (1990). Literacy and Power: The Latin American Battleground. London: Earthscan Publications.Chene, A., & Chervin, M. (1991). Popular Education in Quebec. Washington, DC: American Association for Adult Continuing Education.Collins, M. (1991). Adult Education as Vocation: A Critical Role for the Adult Educator in Today's Society. London: RoutledgeHart, M. (1991). Working and Education for Life. London: Routledge.Mezirow, J. (1991). Transformative Dimensions of Adult Learning. San Francisco: Jossey Bass.Shor, I., & Frerie, P. (1987). A Pedagogy for Liberation: Dialogues on Transforming Educators. Massachusetts: Bergin and Garvey.
Transient Combustion Responses of Homogeneous Propellants to Acoustic Oscillations in Axisymmetric Rocket Motors

A numerical analysis of unsteady motions in solid rocket motors has been conducted. The formulation considers a 2-D axisymmetric combustion chamber and a choke nozzle, and treats the complete conservation equations accounting for turbulence closure and finiterate chemical kinetics in the gas phase and subsurface reactions. A fully coupled implicit scheme based on a dual time-stepping integration algorithm has been adopted to solve the governing equations and associated boundary conditions. Results of the steady-state calculations indicate that the distributions of pressure in the motor and Mach number in the nozzle are one-dimensional along the axial direction. Vorticity contours show similar pattern to those of Mach number in the combustion chamber. The nozzle has an influence on the flow and temperature fields in the combustion chamber. A narrow pressure pulse is imposed at the head end to simulate unsteady acoustic oscillations in the combustion chamber. When the front of the pulse reaches near the nozzle throat, pressure near the nozzle throat increases and blocks the hot gas flow from passing through the nozzle throat. Self-generated oscillations have similar frequencies to those of standing waves of the combustion chamber. Large vorticity fluctuations are observed in near surface region. The luminous flame zone responds to low-frequency pressure wave rather than highfrequency one. Temperature fluctuations in the primary flame zone of the head end oscillates independently of the imposed pressure oscillations while temperature fluctuations in downstream region show pressure-dependent oscillations.
Securing Cellular Infrastructure: Challenges and Opportunities

Cellular networks are the only means of digital communication for the vast majority of the world's population. Although such systems have traditionally been viewed as secure due to their relatively closed nature, their transition toward an all-IP infrastructure and convergence with the larger Internet creates the potential for new threats to users' security and privacy. This article considers a number of such challenges and discusses why solutions from the current Internet are unlikely to be directly applicable. Successfully addressing these issues is of critical interest to not only telecommunications providers, but also businesses and private citizens worldwide.
Alternative Quality Organizations in Highway Design and Construction

A common dissent to alternative project delivery has been that the quality will not be equal to that of the traditional design-bid-build delivery method. One of the reasons for this concern is that the quality roles and responsibilities change when implementing an alternative delivery method due to early involvement of the contractor, a single contract for design and construction, and/or private funding being utilized for the project. While the fundamental quality activities remain the same, the overall project organization defining who is responsible for the activities and roles changes. Due to a lack of guidance and research the project quality organization shifts in an ad-hoc manner due to the time constraints of the project. This research determines the five fundamental quality management organizations based on the agency’s quality responsibilities within the project quality management organization.
A new species of Williamsonia from the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation of New Mexico

Williamsonia nizhonia sp. nov., the first undoubted bennettitalean flower known from the Chinle Formation of Upper Triassic age in the south - western United States, is described in detail. The species is based on a single vertically compressed specimen collected from the Lower Red Member of the Chinle Formation near Fort Wingate in west-central New Mexico. It is rather small, the gynoecium is about 5 mm in diameter and is surrounded by a whorl often persistent sterile bracts about 1–5 cm long. The cuticles of the bracts and interseminal scales are 1 to 2 u thick. Stomata are only slightly sunken on the cuticles of the bracts and interseminal scales. Only a few hairs occur on the bracts. Williamsonia nizhonia cannot be attributed with any degree of confidence to either of the two bennettitalean leaves presently known in the Chinle flora.
ESOPHAGEAL MOTILITY IN THE MONKEY.

Summary This study indicates that the macaque monkey is a suitable subject for study of esophageal physiology with a pressure profile very similar to that of man.
CONSEQUENCES OF EARTHQUAKE PREDICTION ON OTHER ADJUSTMENTS TO EARTHQUAKES

Earthquake prediction is a new technology soon to be added to the other adjustments which can be used by a community to cope with the earthquake hazard. Governmental and business organisations will be faced with new challenges when a specific earthquake prediction is issued for their area. Research on organisational response to such a prediction indicates that there will be significant positive and negative consequences. With an extended lead time of several years the risk of death and injury can be brought to near zero but the resulting local economic recession will be of major proportions. When scientifically based earthquake predictions become available in the near future, communities will have one more weapon in the arsenal being used (or at least available for use) to minimize the losses and disruption which damaging earth­ quakes produce (White and Haas; Ayre ^ * ). Where does this potential new coping mechanism or adjustment fit into the picture? What will be the impact of earthquake prediction on the use of and priority given to other earthquake hazard mitigation measures? Will this new product of the scientific enterprise increase or decrease social risk generally? In this paper we first examine the set of adjustments currently available for use in coping with the earthquake threat. We then describe the characteristics of the early earthquake predictions and outline what current research findings indicate will be the short-term consequences of a specific earthquake prediction for a city. Finally, we estimate how the availability of earthquake prediction will alter the set of adjustments which a city makes to the earth­ quake hazard.
Model Reduction and Optimization of Natural Gas Pipeline Dynamics

We derive a reduced control system model for the dynamics of compressible gas flow through a pipeline subject to distributed time-varying injections, withdrawals, and control actions of compressors. The gas dynamics PDE equations are simplified using lumped elements to a nonlinear ODE system with matrix coefficients. We verify that low-order integration of this ODE system with adaptive time-stepping is computationally consistent with solution of the PDE system using a split-step characteristic scheme on a regular space-time grid for a realistic pipeline model. Furthermore, the reduced model is tractable for use as the dynamic constraints of the optimal control problem of minimizing compression costs given transient withdrawals and gas pressure constraints. We discretize this problem as a finite nonlinear program using a pseudospectral collocation scheme, which we solve to obtain a polynomial approximation of the optimal transient compression controls. The method is applied to an example involving the Williams-Transco pipeline.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Teaching and learning: participation and interaction

This issue of Teachers and Teaching: theory and practice (TTTP) offers a selection of articles authored by scholars from Hong Kong/New Zealand (co-authored work), Singapore, Australia, Spain, the N...