cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Parallel Process Issues for Lesbian and Gay Adoptive Parents and Their Adopted Children.

ABSTRACT Gays and lesbians, both single and coupled, are increasingly turning to adoption to create or expand their families. This manuscript specifically addresses the continuing needs of adoptees and adoptive parents by exploring key issues in the life course of gays and lesbians and their adopted children, and identifying potential parallel development issues among these populations. The concept of parallel process is presented as a method that clinicians can employ in their work with gay and lesbian prospective adopters and adoptive parents. Using the life course perspective, clinicians can use parallel process to understand life events and transitions over the life course for lesbians and gay men and their adopted children and to assist gay and lesbian adoptive parents in understanding and responding to the experiences of their adopted children. Illustrative examples are provided on the use of parallel process with gay and lesbian prospective adopters and adoptive parents in clinical settings.
Synthesis, characterization and inhibitory activities of (4-N3[3,5-3H]Phe10)PKI(6-22)amide and its precursors: photoaffinity labeling peptides for the active site of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase.

PKI(6-22)amide is a 17 residue peptide corresponding to the active portion of the heat-stable inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. The peptide is a potent (Ki = 1.6 nM), competitive inhibitor of the enzyme. The photoreactive peptide analog (4-azidophenylalanine10)PKI(6-22)amide was synthesized in both its non-radiolabeled and tritiated forms by chemical modification of precursor peptides that were prepared by stepwise solid-phase synthesis. (4-Amino[3,5-3H]phenylalanine10)PKI(6-22)amide, the precursor for the radiolabeled arylazide peptide, was obtained by catalytic reduction of the corresponding peptide containing the 3,5-diiodo-4-aminophenylalanine residue at position 10. The purified PKI peptides were analyzed by HPLC, amino acid analysis, and u.v. spectra. In the dark, (4-azidophenylalanine10)PKI(6-22)amide inhibited the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase with a Ki value of 2.8 nM. The photoreactivity of the arylazide peptide was demonstrated by time-dependent u.v. spectral changes on exposure to light. Photolysis of the catalytic subunit (4-azido[3,5-3H]phenylalanine10)PKI(6-22)amide complex resulted in specific covalent labeling of the enzyme. The data indicate that this peptide is a useful photoaffinity labeling reagent for the active site of the protein kinase.
Foresight and Myopia in Organizational Membership

This paper demonstrates the importance of foresight in organizational membership decisions. The analysis is directed toward union membership decisions, but the logic holds for other kinds of organizations which provide selective incentives on the basis of member seniority. Discussion proceeds along these lines. First, the importance of seniority and time is emphasized, and the literature is discussed in this light. Second, a formal model of the membership decision is developed. Membership is viewed as an investment which generates a stream of benefits and costs, like an investment in a capital asset. Important existence and comparative statics results are examined. Third, the implications of the benefit stream approach for membership loyalty during benefit interruptions are examined. The model leads to a number of hypotheses which have been verified empirically in other studies, as well as a set of conjectures for future study. A special case of uniform benefit growth is presented in order to demonstrate ...
Gamma-ray lines from cosmic radioactivity

Abstract Gamma-ray spectroscopy holds great promise for probing nucleosynthesis in individual stellar explosions via short-lived radioactivity, and for measuring current global Galactic nucleosynthesis with longer-lived radioactivity. The former case was realized first for a Type II supernova when both 56 Co and 57 Co were detected in SN 1987A. These provide unprecedented constraints on models of core-collapse explosions. In the second category, 26 Al in the Galaxy is now well observed and comes from massive stars, either before or during core collapse explosions, or from relatively massive AGB stars. We currently try to use these observations to constrain massive star evolution, supernova nucleosynthesis, and the Galactic supernova rate. Type Ia supernovae, thought to be entirely thermonuclear events, have not yet been definitively detected in γ-rays (although there is a hint of a signal from SN 1991T.) Ultimately, γ-ray measurements will confirm or disprove their thermonuclear character, probe the nuclear burning conditions, and help evaluate their contributions to Galactic nucleosynthesis. Positron annihilation radiation is also well-observed from the Galactic plane and bulge. All types of supernovae are plausibly significant contributors via their ejected positron emitters. By sorting out the contributions of the many possible sources, we can use these observations to constrain supernova nucleosynthesis, and we might obtain important clues to the progenitors of thermonuclear supernovae. All supernova types might contribute to a diffuse glow of 60 Fe γ-ray lines. Current limits are very close to expected emission levels. Remnants of any type of age less that a few centuries might be detectable as individual spots of 44 Ti γ-ray line emission. It is quite surprising that the brightest such spot is apparently the Cas A remnant, a relatively old one. That younger ones are not detected provides constraints on the combination of nucleosynthesis yields and supernova rates. Here we review the status of observations of γ-ray lines from these sources, discuss their implications, and briefly outline prospects for the future.
Signal Transduction Through Glyco(sphingo)lipids: Introduction and Recent Studies on Glyco(sphingo)lipid-enriched Microdomainsa

The presence of microdomains enriched in clustered glycosphingolipids (GSLs) at the surface of plasma membranes and liposome membranes, and their functional role in signal transduction, have been suggested by a series of observations, as follows: (1) GSL clusters (patches) are observed by electron microscopy; (2) microvesicles enriched in GSLs and other sphingolipids can be isolated as detergent-insoluble particles by sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation: (3) such vesicles isolated from B16 melanoma cells contain > 90% of cellular GM3, > 90% of c-Src and Ras, approximately 50% of Rho, and approximately 20 percent of Fak, despite the fact that this vesicle fraction contains only 0.5% of total cellular protein (this fraction is termed "detergent-insoluble GSL-enriched microdomain" (DIGEM)); (4) GM3 in DIGEM can be coimmunoprecipitated with c-Src and Rho, indicating a close association of GM3 with these transducer molecules; (5) stimulation of GM3 in B16 melanoma cells by anti-GM3 antibody or by Gg3 results in change of signal transduction. Thus, GSLs, together with various transducer molecules present at DIGEM, may directly induce signal transduction rather than modulate or modify signal transduction created through receptors of growth factors or hormones as previously observed.
Assessing the need to negotiate'' in FERC licensing consultations: A study of two hydropower projects

Abstract We investigated the “need to negotiate” in a comparative case study of multi-agency negotiations in the FERC licensing process. Researchers interviewed participants in two cases involving environmental consultations and asked about parties' level of need to negotiate throughout the process. Participants identified a need to negotiate, and when this need was strongly felt, there was an increased opportunity for an agreement to be reached. An intense need to negotiate by all parties is not a prerequisite to successful agreements. When key participants have a strong need to negotiate, they can instigate negotiations and encourage the involvement of other parties.
Theoretical study of the molecular ordering, paracrystallinity, and charge mobilities of oligomers in different crystalline phases.

Molecular ordering and charge transport have been studied computationally for 22 conjugated oligomers fabricated as crystal or thin-film semiconductors. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are employed to equilibrate crystal morphologies at 300 K. The paracrystalline order parameter, g, is calculated to characterize structural order in the materials. Charge-transport dynamics are predicted using kinetic Monte Carlo methods based on a charge-hopping mechanism described by the Marcus theory of electron transfer to calculate charge-transfer rates using the VOTCA package. We introduce an error function to assess the reliability of our computed values to reproduce experimental hole mobilities in both crystalline and thin-film morphologies of the 22 conjugated oligomers. For each of the oligomers, we compute hole mobility with three different theoretical models incorporating increasing measures of disorder: (1) a perfect crystal, based on the experimentally derived crystal structure, with no disorder, (2) an MD...
Severe Periprosthetic Metallosis and Polyethylene Liner Failure Complicating Total Hip Replacement: The Cloud Sign.

We present a case of an 85-year-old woman with extensive metallosis of the left hip joint secondary to prosthetic polyethelene liner dislocation and wear. Radiographs demonstrated amorphous cloudy radiodensities surrounding the prosthesis, a feature we have called the “cloud sign.” The presence of amorphous cloudy radiodensities as a radiographic sign of metallosis has not been previously described to our knowledge.
Evaluation of probabilistic models of wind plant power output characteristics

The power output by weather-driven renewable resources such as wind energy conversion systems can be appropriately described as being stochastic. To manage these resources, probabilistic models of wind power are being increasingly employed by power system stakeholders in applications such as stochastic unit-commitment programs and wind power forecast systems. This paper evaluates probabilistic models—specifically the probability density functions—of aggregate wind plant power output and conditional and unconditional variations of aggregate wind plant power output. The parameters of the models are fit to historical aggregate wind plant power data from three large North American systems. Parametric and non-parametric evaluations of the suitability of the models are performed in the form of χ2 goodness-of-fit tests and through the inspection of probability plots and histograms. It is shown that Beta distributions are appropriate models for the aggregate power output and Laplace distributions are appropriate models for wind power variability. Conditional wind power variation follows a generalized extreme value distribution.
Maximizing product mix profitability - what's the best analysis tool

Abstract This paper takes a look at product mix profitability and compares several alternative methodologies for selecting the optimal product mix. It is argued that the optimal product mix is not determined using traditional accounting methodologies and that dropping marginally profitable products based on the accounting rules will give you less than optimal profitability. This paper looks at two different ways for coming up with the optimal product mix: one using theory of constraints (TOC) and another using linear programming.
A decision-analysis approach for optimal airport security

Abstract As the danger from a terrorist on board a plane continues to plague air travel, it is becoming increasingly clear that the issue of the proper set of security devices at airports is of paramount criticality. While security devices such as metal detectors have been used at airports for years, there is increased divisiveness concerning the right amount and scope of security devices at airports. There are many proponents and many opponents of the latest rage, full-body scanners and enhanced pat-downs, and the refrain of liberty vs. security is often heard. In previous work, we have shown that it is inadvisable to rely on a single supplier. Similarly, one may argue that it is inadvisable to rely on a security system with a single device, the metal detector, even if it is augmented with the now routine identification process of matching a passenger’s boarding pass and driver’s license. This paper focuses on the number and ordering of security devices that would be appropriate at an airport. The paper proposes that the decision-making process be modeled using a decision-tree approach. It considers the probability of a terrorist event, the loss caused by such an event, and the cost of having/operating multiple security devices. However, a key advantage is that the “costs” are not limited to the monetary costs. The methodology could serve as an aid to airport managers and other officials responsible for airport security, as well as to academics who are analyzing these issues.
Atomic motion in resonant radiation: An application of Ehrenfest's theorem

A new theory of atomic motion in a resonant or near-resonant electromagnetic wave, based on Ehrenfest's theorem and the optical Bloch equations, is presented. The theory provides a simple unified treatment of the radiation force, including effects of spontaneous emission and induced-dipole interactions. Analytical results are presented for a plane running wave, a general standing wave, a collimated Gaussian beam, and a combination of standing and running waves.
Effect of Medical Management on Recurrent Stone Formation Following Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy

Purpose: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is a commonly used procedure for treatment of large or complex renal calculi. In some instances postoperative residual stone fragments are an unavoidable result. Yet to our knowledge no study has examined the impact of medical management on stone formation in patients with or without residual fragments following percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Thus, we have conducted the first investigation of aggressive medical management following percutaneous nephrolithotomy and its impact on stone formation rates in patients with and without residual fragments.Materials and Methods: A total of 70 patients who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy and received counseling regarding selective medical management following a comprehensive metabolic evaluation, were identified. Patients were placed into 4 groups following percutaneous nephrolithotomy, that is stone-free or residual fragments, who underwent or did not undergo medical therapy. New stone formation was assessed by spontaneou...
Gender role and the use of university library website resources: A social cognitive theory perspective

Existing studies have reported that significant gender differences exist in the use of technology. For example, males have higher levels of computer self-efficacy, which enable them to utilize technology more so than their counterparts. This difference could create a potential disparity in the benefits of the utilization of university library website resources (ULWR). The findings of this study show that male and female usersâ computer self-efficacy is very different. Female users have lower levels of computer self-efficacy and subsequently, their intention to use ULWR is derived from a websiteâs ease-of-use. In contrast, male usersâ intentions to use ULWR are derived from the subjective norm, a finding that challenges expectations based on social cognitive theory which posits that females are more likely than males to be influenced by othersâ opinions. It is interpreted that males are much more goal- and performance-oriented than females. Detailed theoretical and managerial implications are offered.
Evaluation of Quicklime Incorporation in Bench-Scale and Full-Scale Lime Stabilized Biosolids Using a Flat Surface pH Electrode

Abstract Uniform lime incorporation into sewage sludge is critical for biosolid lime stabilization processes. There is no class B biosolids regulation for lime incorporation. The slurry method is currently used to evaluate the pH of limed biosolids, but this method homogenizes the biosolids and potentially masks poor lime mixing. In this study, a flat-surface pH electrode was used in bench-scale and full-scale experiments to measure the pH of lime-stabilized biosolids without creating slurries. The standard deviation of 15 pH measurements at different locations in a biosolid sample was used to assess mixing quality. The bench-scale experimental study showed that well-mixed limed biosolids had consistently high pHs (˜12) with low standard deviations ( 2 pH units). Poorly mixed biosolids exhibited rapid and marked pH reduction, as well as offensive odor generation, whereas well-mixed biosolids resisted p...
Incumbent Popularity and Vote Choice in Gubernatorial Elections

Studies of gubernatorial elections have found vote choice to be a function of party identification, assessments of economic conditions, and the president's job performance but have not tested for a referendum effect concerning the incumbent governor. This analysis uses state polling data to demonstrate that voters with favorable images of the incumbent governor have a higher probability of voting for the candidate of the incumbent's party. The effect is greater when the incumbent seeks reelection, but it is present in open contests as well.
Quantification of Stress in Lobsters: Crustacean Hyperglycemic Hormone, Stress Proteins, and Gene Expression

Various methods for the quantification of stress in crustaceans have been developed in our laboratory. An ELISA was developed for the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) from the lobster, Homarus americanus . It is sensitive to as little as 0.2 fmol of peptide. Increases in hemolymph CHH were observed following emersion. Significant levels of hemolymph CHH were also measured in lobsters that had been eyestalk-ablated. It was observed that these animals continued to produce CHH, even though the heretofore only known source of CHH had been removed. Portions of the central nervous system, from both intact and eyestalk-ablated lobsters were observed to contain significant amounts of CHH. A cDNA library was constructed from eyestalk neural tissue of H. americanus . With the use of PCR, a 171 bp probe was isolated and purified. This probe was labeled and used to examine levels of CHH expression in the central nervous system (CNS) and in eyestalk neural tissue at different periods of the lobster molt cycle. CHH mRNA is present throughout the CNS. In the eyestalk, it is undetectable in postmolt, low in intermolt, and high in premolt. Stress proteins, also known as heat shock proteins (HSPs), are a highly conserved class of proteins which show elevated transcription during periods of stress in organisms as phylogenetically divergent as bacteria and humans. Using RT-PCR, we have partially cloned the lobster HSP90 gene. A 380 bp probe was 32P-labeled and hybridized with northern blots of midgut gland total RNA from heat-shocked lobsters. A 2 hr acute heat shock from 15%C (ambient water temperature) to 28%C resulted in a 6.0-fold induction of HSP90 after 6 hr of recovery at 15%C. A northern analysis of RNA isolated from the midgut glands of lobsters injected with 10 μg of the molting hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone displayed a 2.1-fold induction of HSP90 RNA 48 hr postinjection.
Evidence for a Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus, Antigenically Similar to Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus, in the United States

A respiratory variant of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), designated PRCV-Ind/89, was isolated from a swine breeding stock herd in Indiana. The virus was readily isolated from nasal swabs of pigs of different ages and induced cytopathology on primary porcine kidney cells and and on a swine testicular (ST) cell line. An 8-week-old pig infected oral/nasally with the respiratory variant and a contact pig showed no signs of respiratory or enteric disease. These pigs did not shed virus in feces but did shed the agent from the upper respiratory tract for approximately 2 weeks. Baby pigs from 2 separate litters (2 and 3 days old) also showed no clinical signs following oral/nasal inoculation with PRCV-Ind/89. In a third litter, 5 of 7 piglets (5 days old) infected either oral/nasally or by stomach tube developed a transient mild diarrhea with villous atrophy. However, virus was not isolated from rectal swabs or ileal homogenates of these piglets, and viral antigen was not detected in the ileum by fluorescent antibody staining even though the virus was easily recovered from nasal swabs and lung tissue homogenates. Swine antisera produced against PRCV-Ind/89 or enteric TGEV cross-neutralized either virus. In addition, an anti-peplomer monoclonal antibody, 4F6, that neutralizes TGEV also neutralized the PRCV-Ind/89 isolate. Radioimmunoassays with a panel of monoclonal antibodies indicated that the Indiana respiratory variant and the European PRCV are antigenically similar.
Queerly Lamenting Anne Bradstreet

Recent years have seen the emergence of many new readings of Anne Bradstreet, including a range of sophisticated feminist approaches, offering nuanced analysis of Bradstreet’s resistance to early m...
Bayesian inference for semiparametric regression using a Fourier representation

Summary. This paper presents the Bayesian analysis of a semiparametric regression model that consists of parametric and nonparametric components. The nonparametric component is represented with a Fourier series where the Fourier coefficients are assumed a priori to have zero means and to decay to 0 in probability at either algebraic or geometric rates. The rate of decay controls the smoothness of the response function. The posterior analysis automatically selects the amount of smoothing that is coherent with the model and data. Posterior probabilities of the parametric and semiparametric models provide a method for testing the parametric model against a non-specific alternative. The Bayes estimator's mean integrated squared error compares favourably with the theoretically optimal estimator for kernel regression.
Immigrant quality and assimilation: A review of the US literature

Empirical research on US immigrants is reviewed: their productivity and assimilation; their contribution and use of public services; and their impact on native Americans. I discuss the characteristics of cohorts of immigrants that enter the United States at different times, and then quantify the assimilation of immigrants, typically in terms of economic productivity of immigrants compared with natives. Few have found quantifiable negative effects of immigrants on native wages or unemployment in local labor markets, but a more general equilibrium approach than has been empirically implemented may be needed to draw any conclusions regarding the distributional consequences of immigration.
Classical Polylogarithms for Amplitudes and Wilson Loops

We present a compact analytic formula for the two-loop six-particle maximally helicity violating remainder function (equivalently, the two-loop lightlike hexagon Wilson loop) in N=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory in terms of the classical polylogarithm functions Lik with cross ratios of momentum twistor invariants as their arguments. In deriving our formula we rely on results from the theory of motives.
Association of marine omega-3 fatty acid levels with telomeric aging in patients with coronary heart disease.

Context Increased dietary intake of marine omega-3 fatty acids is associated with prolonged survival in patients with coronary heart disease. However, the mechanisms underlying this protective effect are poorly understood. Objective To investigate the association of omega-3 fatty acid blood levels with temporal changes in telomere length, an emerging marker of biological age. Design, Setting, and Participants Prospective cohort study of 608 ambulatory outpatients in California with stable coronary artery disease recruited from the Heart and Soul Study between September 2000 and December 2002 and followed up to January 2009 (median, 6.0 years; range, 5.0-8.1 years). Main Outcome Measures We measured leukocyte telomere length at baseline and again after 5 years of follow-up. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were used to investigate the association of baseline levels of omega-3 fatty acids (docosahexaenoic acid [DHA] and eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA]) with subsequent change in telomere length. Results Individuals in the lowest quartile of DHA+EPA experienced the fastest rate of telomere shortening (0.13 telomere-to-single-copy gene ratio [T/S] units over 5 years; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.09-0.17), whereas those in the highest quartile experienced the slowest rate of telomere shortening (0.05 T/S units over 5 years; 95% CI, 0.02-0.08; P −3 = 0.06; 95% CI, 0.02-0.10) and after (adjusted β coefficient × 10 −3 = 0.05; 95% CI, 0.01-0.08) sequential adjustment for established risk factors and potential confounders. Each 1-SD increase in DHA+EPA levels was associated with a 32% reduction in the odds of telomere shortening (adjusted odds ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.47-0.98). Conclusion Among this cohort of patients with coronary artery disease, there was an inverse relationship between baseline blood levels of marine omega-3 fatty acids and the rate of telomere shortening over 5 years.
Prevalence, clinical presentation and natural history of patients with single ventricle

Abstract Single ventricle is a rare, but complex cardiac disorder. It represents 7.7% of congenital heart disease diagnosed in childhood and has a birth incidence of approximately 4–8 per 10000. Most patients will present with neonatal cyanosis, but an increasing number are being recognized by prenatal ultrasound. The true natural history for these patients is quite poor. In fact, even with palliative surgery, the ‘best' historical 3-year survival rate was 75%. The most ‘definitive' conventional surgical procedure available for these patients is the Fontan operation. While early reports showed improved long-term survival rates, recent modifications have produced even better results. Multiple centers have reported greater than 80% survival rates at more than 5 years after Fontan. One recent series has even achieved a 10-year survival of 87%. Evolving surgical techniques, improved selection criteria and the ability to perform the operation at younger ages with low early risk have all contributed to improved outcomes. While the functional and cognitive status of these patients may not be ‘statistically' normal, most patients lead productive lives, attend school and report minimal limitations. Hopefully, although they face an ongoing risk for morbidity and mortality, the promise of these improving results will be sustained for these patients.
Crystallization of the haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex.

Two orthorhombic forms of crystals of the haptoglobin–hemoglobin complex were obtained using polyethylene glycol as precipitant. These crystals did not diffract well enough for data collection and work on the complex is no longer continued. However, the description of the crystallization conditions may be useful in future endeavors to obtain suitable crystals.
Is stimulus structure in the Mind's eye? An examination of dimensional structure in iconic memory

Three experiments examined integral and separable dimensions as attentional selective cues from iconic memory. Sperling's partial-report task was employed with physically separable and physically integral stimuli. Stimulus displays were varied in terms of the redundancy of the irrelevant non-cued dimensions—i.e. control, correlated, and orthogonal conditions within Garner's (1974a) framework—and selective readout performance was measured. The results demonstrate that, in initial processing, physically separable dimensions (e.g., circle size vs. angle of radial line) can be selectively attended to as independent dimensions, but physically integral dimensions (e.g., size vs. brightness and height vs. width) can only be represented as wholistic integral objects. Implications of these findings for current models of feature integration and perceptual development are discussed.
Our Scripted Sexuality: The Development and Validation of a Measure of the Heterosexual Script and Its Relation to Television Consumption

The heterosexual script describes the set of complementary but unequal roles for women and men to follow in their romantic and sexual interactions. The heterosexual script is comprised of the sexual double standard (men want sex and women set sexual limits), courtship strategies (men attract women with power and women attract men through beauty and sexiness), and commitment strategies (men avoid commitment and women prioritize relationships). Despite evidence that women and men are aware of this script, and it is prominent in the media, there is no existing measure of endorsement of the heterosexual script. In Studies 1 and 2, we develop and validate a measure of endorsement of the heterosexual script. In Study 3, we demonstrate that television consumption predicts stronger endorsement of the heterosexual script. We discuss the implications of endorsement of the heterosexual script for sexual health and provide suggestions for future research using this scale.
Chick Mortality as a Criterion for Selection Toward Resistance or Susceptibility to Newcastle Disease

Abstract INTRODUCTION THE development of lines of chickens possessing significant levels of resistance or susceptibility to Newcastle disease virus (N.D.V.), or at least a relatively uniform response to challenge with it, would be of value to those engaged in research on the disease such as vaccine evaluation. Most previous studies with Newcastle disease have been concerned with the gross response to a vaccine or natural outbreak, rather than the effect of controlled challenges with subsequent selection toward resistance or susceptibility. Hutt (1958) capably summarized the literature on the genetic evidence for disease resistance. Crittenden (1968) indicated that the genetic approach to control of diseases such as leukosis, appears to offer the most promise for control. Kottaridis (1969) in his review on Marek’s disease points out progress made in genetic selection for resistance. However, relatively few studies have been concerned specifically with genetic resistance to respiratory disease viruses in chickens. Godfrey (1952)…
Mechanism of Persulfate Activation by Phenols

The activation of persulfate by phenols was investigated to further the understanding of persulfate chemistry for in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO). Phenol (pKa = 10.0) activated persulfate at pH 12 but not at pH 8, suggesting activation occurred only via the phenoxide form. Evaluation of the phenoxide activation mechanism was complicated by the concurrent activation of persulfate by hydroperoxide anion, which is generated by the base catalyzed hydrolysis of persulfate. Therefore, phenoxide activation was investigated using pentachlorophenoxide at pH 8.3, midway between the pKa of pentachlorophenol (pKa = 4.8) and that of hydrogen peroxide (pKa = 11.8). Of the two possible mechanisms for phenoxide activation of persulfate (reduction or nucleophilic attack) the results were consistent with reduction of persulfate by phenoxide with oxidation of the phenoxide. The concentration of phenoxide required for maximum persulfate activation was low (1 mM). The results of this research document that phenoxides activa...
Fundamentals of Biological Thermodynamics, Biomolecules, Cellular Genetics, and Bioenergetics

In this chapter, we describe the basics of biomolecules, cellular genetics, and bioenergetics. The chapter starts with the biological thermodynamics. The following biomolecules will be described: amino acids, peptides, proteins, carbohydrates, and corresponding polymers; nucleic acid, nucleosides, and nucleotides; and phospholipids. Regarding the cell dynamics, the following topics will be described: DNA structure, the genetic code, gene anatomy, DNA synthesis and repair, transcription, and translation. Regarding the energetics of the cell, we will discuss universal forms of energy, namely, ATP and proton motive force, and the metabolism of the organism. Full details on prokaryote organism metabolism regulation will be provided. Further, we will discuss the relationship between genetics and evolution.
Investigation on Fluorine and Iodine Content in Drinking Water in Cheng'an County of Hebei

[Objective]To understand the fluorine and iodine content in drinking water in Cheng'an county of Hebei,provide the basis for making improvement strategy. [Methods]The drinking water samples were collected from 9 townships of Cheng'an county,the contents of fluorine and iodine were detected,and the correlation was analyzed. [Results]The median value of iodine and fluorine content in drinking water was 172.8 μg/L and 0.76 mg/L respectively,and there was a correlation between water iodine and water fluorine content(r=0.548,P0.01). [Conclusion]There was a positive correlation between iodine and fluorine content in drinking water in Cheng'an county.It is necessary to pay attention to diseases caused by high iodine,and harms induced by high iodine and high fluorine should attract more attention in some townships.In water improvement to reduce fluoride projects,it is important to avoid reducing the iodine content.The residents should choose qualified water supply,and avoid using self-supply wells which had not been tested.
Numerical Imitation of Spiral Flow in Circular Annulus of Bingham Fluid

Scientific and accurate calculation of spiral flow of drilling fluid in concentric annulus is very significant for optimization of hydraulic parameters in drilling process.Because the apparent viscosity of Bingham fluid is closely related to axial rotational speed,the structural equation of Bingham fluid is non-lineal and the existence of flow nucleus,it is difficult to describe the flow of Bingham fluid mathematically.In this paper,a lineal-imitation replacing equation is introduced.This equation is different from power low equation and by use of it the Bingham fluid spiral flow in annulus can be described and the flow output can be directly calculated.This method is characterized by high speed,less time-consume and enhanced accuracy of calculations therefore it provides an effective mean for scientific research on down hole hydraulics and field design and calculation of down hole hydraulic parameters.
Experimental study on wax deposition in pipeline transportation of highly viscous crude oi1

Experimental apparatus of mini-pipe flow loop is set up to simulate wax deposition in the process of highly viscous oil transfer in pipeline,and to study wax deposition rate and the impact of temperature on wax deposition.The amount of wax deposit is determined under the experiment condition.The properties of precipitate are tested and analyzed by DSC,and the mechanism of wax deposition and the factors affecting wax deposition on pipe wall are discussed.
Investigation of the Levels of ~(222)Rn&~(220)Rn and γ Dose Rate in A Lead Mine of Yunnan Province

Objective To investigate the radioactive level of a lead underground mine in Yunnan Province and analyze possible measures of radiation protection of the underground mine to be taken. Methods Concentrations of 222Rn 220Rn and γ dose rate are measured in five underground holes of the lead mine with different elevation applying instant measuring technology. Results 222Rn concentration is 1 367 Bq / m3,220Rn concentration is 24 Bq / m3,potential alpha energy concentration of 222Rn daughters,3. 04μJ / m3 and γ dose rate,0. 08μGy / h.222Rn concentration distribution is different( P ﹤ 0. 05) and 220Rn concentration distribution is identical( P ﹥ 0. 05) among different monitored underground holes of the mine.222Rn concentration distribution of monitored underground hole with the highest elevation is different from that of other every hole( P ﹤ 0. 005),and222Rn concentration of the hole is less than that of other every hole.222Rn concentration distribution is identical between the stope and resting area of underground mine( P ﹥ 0. 05),and 220Rn concentration distribution is different( P ﹤ 0. 05).220Rn concentration of the stope is higher than that of resting area of underground mine. Conclusion 222Rn concentration exceeds managed target value( 1 000 Bq / m3) specified by the national standard in the underground area of lead mine. Present ventilation system of underground mine doesn't reduce 222Rn concentration effectively.222Rn concentration of underground mine is 50 times as much as 220Rn concentration. Potential alpha energy concentration of 222Rn daughters does not outnumber specified limit value( 3. 57 μJ / m3) of the national standard. γ dose rate does not surpass specified limit value( 1 μGy/h) of the national standard and keeps within the background range of Yunnan Province. Workers of underground mine should receive individual dose monitoring and occupational health examination.
Detection and Sequencing of Okazaki Fragments in S. cerevisiae

We have previously demonstrated that lagging-strand synthesis in budding yeast is coupled with chromatin assembly on newly synthesized DNA. Using a strain of S. cerevisiae in which DNA ligase I can be conditionally depleted, we can enrich and purify Okazaki fragments. We delineate a method to extract, end label, and visualize Okazaki fragments using denaturing agarose gel electrophoresis. Furthermore, we describe an ion-exchange chromatographic method for purification of fragments and preparation of strand-specific sequencing libraries. Deep sequencing of Okazaki fragments generates a comprehensive, genomic map of DNA synthesis, starting from a single asynchronous culture. Altogether this approach represents a tractable system to investigate key aspects of DNA replication and chromatin assembly.
regionReport: Interactive reports for region-level and feature-level genomic analyses

regionReport is an R package for generating detailed interactive reports from region-level genomic analyses as well as feature-level RNA-seq. The report includes quality-control checks, an overview of the results, an interactive table of the genomic regions or features of interest and reproducibility information. regionReport provides specialised reports for exploring DESeq2, edgeR, or derfinder differential expression analyses results. regionReport is also flexible and can easily be expanded with report templates for other analysis pipelines.
Studies Directed toward the Synthesis of Aspidophytine: Construction of Its Perhydroquinoline Core.

We have developed an efficient route for the synthesis of the perhydroquinoline core of the indole alkaloid aspidophytine (2), starting from commercially available and inexpensive 3-acetylpyridine. This densely functionalized perhydroquinoline core displays four contiguous stereocenters including an all-carbon quaternary center. The synthetic sequence features a highly effective Diels–Alder reaction using a carbamate-substituted siloxy diene accompanied by a spontaneous intramolecular substitution of the newly formed 3°-alkyl bromide with a carbamate group. The installation of the electron-rich aniline moiety was accomplished via a TBSOTf-mediated intramolecular aza-Michael reaction, and the relative stereochemistry of the aza-Michael product (30) was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Among the useful transformations that were developed through this study is a highly enantioselective Diels–Alder reaction of a versatile cyclic carbamate siloxy diene.
Identification of semiochemicals attractive to Simulium vittatum (IS-7).

. Many blackfly species (Diptera: Simuliidae) are economically important insect pests, both as nuisance biters and as vectors of pathogens of medical and veterinary relevance. Among the important blackfly pest species in North America is Simulium vittatum Zetterstedt sensu lato. The objective of this study was to identify compounds excreted by mammalian hosts that are attractive to host-seeking S. vittatum females. The attractiveness of putative compounds to colonized S. vittatum was tested through electrophysiological (electroantennography; n = 58 compounds) and behavioural (Y-tube assays; n = 7 compounds in three concentrations) bioassays. Five compounds were significantly attractive to host-seeking S. vittatum females: 1-octen-3-ol; 2-heptanone; acetophenone; 1-octanol, and naphthalene. These candidate compounds might be useful as attractants in traps that could be developed for use in alternative or complementary management tactics in programmes to suppress nuisance blackfly populations, or for the collection of samples in which to study the transmission ecology of pathogens transmitted by blackflies of the S. vittatum complex.
Clozapine-induced hypersensitivity myocarditis presenting as sudden cardiac death.

Hypersensitivity myocarditis is a rare but serious adverse effect of clozapine, a commonly used psychiatric drug. We report the case of sudden cardiac death from clozapine-induced hypersensitivity myocarditis diagnosed at autopsy. A 54-year-old Caucasian male on clozapine therapy for bipolar disorder presented with a sudden onset of shortness of breath. Laboratory studies were significant for elevated N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide. During his hospital stay, the patient died of sudden cardiac arrest from ventricular tachycardia. The autopsy revealed hypersensitivity myocarditis, which usually occurs in the first 4 weeks after the initiation of clozapine. A 4-week monitoring protocol, including laboratory assessment of troponin and C-reactive protein, may assist in the early diagnosis of this potentially fatal condition
Lena Finkle’s magic arc: hybrid influences in the Russian American graphic novel

The article examines Anya Ulinich’s graphic narrative Lena Finkle’s Magic Barrel and the novel’s use of visual culture from both the author’s Russian and US American backgrounds. The article interr...
Free Energy Calculations of Membrane Permeation: Challenges Due to Strong Headgroup–Solute Interactions

Understanding how different classes of molecules move across biological membranes is a prerequisite to predicting a solute’s permeation rate, which is a critical factor in the fields of drug design and pharmacology. We use biased molecular dynamics computer simulations to calculate and compare the free energy profiles of translocation of several small molecules across 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) lipid bilayers as a first step toward determining the most efficient method for free energy calculations. We study the translocation of arginine, a sodium ion, alanine, and a single water molecule using the metadynamics, umbrella sampling, and replica exchange umbrella sampling techniques. Within the fixed lengths of our simulations, we find that all methods produce similar results for charge-neutral permeants, but not for polar or positively charged molecules. We identify the long relaxation time scale of electrostatic interactions between lipid headgroups and the solute to be the principal ca...
Containing Balkan Nationalism: Imperial Russia and Ottoman Christians, 1856–1914

In this book, Denis Vovchenko, an associate professor of history at Northeastern State University in Tahlequah, Oklahoma, focuses on the consequences of the Bulgarian movement for the independence ...
Comparison of Lygus elisus Van Duzee and Lygus hesperus Knight (Hemiptera: Miridae) feeding injury to pre-bloom cotton.

Feeding injury and abscission of 6th, 9th and 11th node, first-position cotton squares exposed to Lygus hesperus Knight and L. elisus Van Duzee for 24 h were investigated in field and laboratory st...
DynaMiner: Leveraging Offline Infection Analytics for On-the-Wire Malware Detection

Web-borne malware continues to be a major threat on the Web. At the core of malware infection are for-crime toolkits that exploit vulnerabilities in browsers and their extensions. When a victim host gets infected, the infection dynamics is often buried in benign traffic, which makes the task of inferring malicious behavior a non-trivial exercise. In this paper, we leverage web conversation graph analytics to tap into the rich dynamics of the interaction between a victim and malicious host(s) without the need for analyzing exploit payload. Based on insights derived from infection graph analytics, we formulate the malware detection challenge as a graph-analytics based learning problem. The key insight of our approach is the payload-agnostic abstraction and comprehensive analytics of malware infection dynamics pre-, during-, and post-infection. Our technique leverages 3 years of infection intelligence spanning 9 popular exploit kit families. Our approach is implemented in a tool called DynaMiner and evaluated on infection and benign HTTP traffic. DynaMiner achieves a 97.3% true positive rate with false positive rate of 1.5%. Our forensic and live case studies suggest the effectiveness of comprehensive graph abstraction malware infection. In some instances, DynaMiner detected unknown malware 11 days earlier than existing AV engines.
The Arts, the Common Core, and English Language Development in the Primary Grades

Background/ContextThroughout schooling, English learners (ELs) perform well below their monolingual English-speaking peers on literacy assessments, and Hispanics make up the majority of EL students...
Geometric Construction-Based Realization of Spatial Elastic Behaviors in Parallel and Serial Manipulators

This paper addresses the realization of spatial elastic behavior with a parallel or a serial manipulator. Necessary and sufficient conditions for a manipulator (either parallel or serial) to realize a specific elastic behavior are presented and interpreted in terms of the manipulator geometry. These conditions completely decouple the requirements on component elastic properties from the requirements on mechanism kinematics. New construction-based synthesis procedures for spatial elastic behaviors are developed. With these synthesis procedures, one can select each elastic component of a parallel (or serial) mechanism based on the geometry of a restricted space of allowable candidates. With each elastic component selected, the space of allowable candidates is further restricted. For each stage of the selection process, the geometry of the remaining allowable space is described.
Fourier ptychography at short wavelength with a synchrotron-based microscope (Conference Presentation)

Fourier Ptychography is a novel imaging technique consists in combining many coherent images acquired with various illumination angle and combined using an efficient phase retrieval algorithm. This technique allows to synthesize a larger numerical aperture than physically possible by the lens aperture alone, often limited by manufacturing capabilities. We present here an adaptation of the Fourier Ptychography technique to a synchrotron-based full-field microscope (SHARP) operating at 13.5nm (EUV wavelength) and demonstrate 26nm coherent resolution on reflective samples, alongside with quantitative phase imaging which allows to characterize sub-nanometer substrate roughness.
Friend or Foe? A Reversal of Ingroup Bias

Research on groups in organizations has regularly identified the presence of favoritism toward members of one’s ingroup. Identity with a social group helps understand this bias, yet the mechanisms that may undermine the process have not been well documented. This study investigates the effect that not adhering to group expectations has on the positive bias otherwise awarded ingroup members, thus extending the literature on social identity theory and intragroup dynamics. Given that ingroup members, as compared to outgroup members, are expected to reciprocate loyalty and trust, this study examines what happens to the bias for the ingroup member that does not adhere to group expectations. Results from an intergroup negotiation experiment support the hypotheses that breaching group norms minimizes the ingroup bias effect. More importantly, results revealed a reversal of the ingroup bias, whereby ingroup members who did not uphold group expectations were evaluated more negatively than outgroup members.