cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The relationship between intellectual function and adult performance on the Benton Visual Retention Test.

Abstract The focus of the investigation was the relationship between intellectual function, as measured by the Satz-Mogel WAIS-R, and performance on the Benton Visual Retention Test. One hundred and twenty subjects, aged 18 to 30 years, were divided, 20 each, by IQ level into groups ranging from Mentally Retarded to Superior. Subjects provided both Number Correct and Error Score performances under conditions of immediate (Administration A, Form C),15 s delay (Administration D, Form D), 30 m delay (Form E - card 2, 6, and 10), and copy (Administration C, Form C). Significant group differences were evident at all three conditions, primarily at the lower IQ ranges. Performances of the Average, High Average, and Superior IQ groups differed little, suggesting a ceiling effect. Significant decrements is performance under 30 m delay were evident only within the Low Average, Average and Superior IQ groups. Finally, normative performances under Administration C (Copy, Form C) and a quantitative assessment of errors (Administrations A and D) were reported.
Neurotoxic lesions of the dorsal hippocampus and Pavlovian fear conditioning in rats

Electrolytic lesions of the dorsal hippocampus (DH) produce deficits in both the acquisition and expression of conditional fear to contextual stimuli in rats. To assess whether damage to DH neurons is responsible for these deficits, we performed three experiments to examine the effects of neurotoxic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) lesions of the DH on the acquisition and expression of fear conditioning. Fear conditioning consisted of the delivery of signaled or unsignaled footshocks in a novel conditioning chamber and freezing served as the measure of conditional fear. In Experiment 1, posttraining DH lesions produced severe retrograde deficits in context fear when made either 1 or 28, but not 100, days following training. Pretraining DH lesions made 1 week before training did not affect contextual fear conditioning. Tone fear was impaired by DH lesions at all training-to-lesion intervals. In Experiment 2, posttraining (1 day), but not pretraining (1 week), DH lesions produced substantial deficits in context fear using an unsignaled shock procedure. In Experiment 3, pretraining electrolytic DH lesions produced modest deficits in context fear using the same signaled and unsignaled shock procedures used in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Electrolytic, but not neurotoxic, lesions also increased pre-shock locomotor activity. Collectively, this pattern of results reveals that neurons in the DH are not required for the acquisition of context fear, but have a critical and time-limited role in the expression of context fear. The normal acquisition and expression of context fear in rats with neurotoxic DH lesions made before training may be mediated by conditioning to unimodal cues in the context, a process that may rely less on the hippocampal memory system.
Impact of interchanging VOCs on the performance of trickle bed air biofilter

Abstract Trickle bed air biofilters (TBABs) were evaluated under conditions of an interchange of the feed volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Two aromatic compounds (toluene and styrene) and two oxygenated compounds (methyl ethyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone) were interchanged as single solutes. The results obtained revealed that the biofilter provided high removal efficiency within the critical loading, which was previously defined in the non-interchanging VOC-fed biofilters. The biofilter recovered easily to the 99% removal after interchanging to oxygenated compounds, regardless of the immediately preceding compound fed to each biofilter, but for aromatic compounds, a longer reacclimation period was required. The biofilter response after interchange of feed VOCs depended on the physicochemical property of feed VOCs as well as the biomass retained in the biofilter prior to interchanging VOC. Using high EBRT at the critical loading (which corresponds to high inlet concentration), problems related to oxygen limitation within the biofilm may have appeared. It was noticed that a smaller ratio of COD/N and a larger ratio of CO 2 /COD were encountered after an interchange of the feed VOCs.
No possibility of a selection bias, but direct evidence of a simultaneous superiority effect: a reply to Wells et al.

The AJS field study was conducted across four different sites (Austin, Texas; Tucson, Arizona; Charlotte-Mecklenburg, North Carolina; and San Diego, California), but nearly 70 % of the lineups were administered at the Austin, Texas site alone. To retain most of the data while eliminating site variance (in an effort to maximize power), our evidentiary strength ratings study was limited to the lineups administered in Austin. We found that suspects identified from those simultaneous and sequential lineups were more likely to be associated with independent evidence of guilt if they had been identified from a simultaneous lineup than from a sequential lineup. In other words, we observed a significant simultaneous superiority effect. Wells et al. (this issue) point out that the simultaneous suspects were also more likely to be adjudicated guilty (77.3 % of simultaneous suspects were adjudicated guilty against 53.3 % of sequential suspects), which they regard as evidence of a sampling bias. However, all suspect ID cases from Austin that could possibly be included in our ratings study were included (i.e., we did not randomly sample a subset of suspect ID cases). Thus, what appears to be a selection bias to Wells et al. is actually further direct evidence of a simultaneous superiority effect.
Implementation of a multidisciplinary introduction to microfabrication at Binghamton University

Microfabrication is a critical area to many branches of science and engineering. Beginning in 2009, we undertook a broad multidisciplinary approach to bring microfabrication into all aspects of the science and engineering curriculum. This program was coupled with a comprehensive assessment activity to evaluate the program's effectiveness and continuously improve it year to year. In this paper, we report on the details of our implementation process, the techniques we have found to bring a hands-on experience to large classes and the lessons learned from our attempts to make this topic a mainstream part of engineering and science education.
Novel approach for enhancing atrioventricular nodal conduction delay mediated by endogenous adenosine.

The 2-amino-3-benzoylthiophene derivative PD 81,723 potentiates the A1 receptor-mediated negative dromotropic effect of exogenous adenosine and adenosine receptor agonists in guinea pig isolated perfused and in situ hearts. The objective of this study was to determine whether PD 81,723 could amplify the cardiac actions of endogenous adenosine. Two approaches known to increase the myocardial interstitial concentration of adenosine--hypoxia, which increases the production of adenosine and the inhibition of adenosine kinase, which decreases its metabolism--were used to test this hypothesis. In guinea pig hearts in situ, PD 81,723 (2 mg/kg i.v.) potentiated the atrioventricular (AV) nodal conduction delay caused by hypoxemia (PaO2, 14 to 19 mm Hg). In guinea pig isolated hearts, PD 81,723 (5 mumol/L) increased by twofold the stimulus-to-His bundle (S-H) interval prolongations induced by both a 5-minute period of hypoxia (25% O2/70% N2/5% CO2) and the administration of the adenosine kinase inhibitor iodotubercidin (40 to 70 nmol/L) but had no effect on coronary conductance. Hypoxia and hypoxia plus PD 81,723 (5 mumol/L) caused equivalent increases in the concentration of adenosine in epicardial transudate, from 0.13 +/- 0.15 to 0.48 +/- 0.1 and 0.45 +/- 0.4 mumol/L, respectively. Similar to the allosteric enhancer, the nucleoside uptake blocker draflazine (0.1 mumol/L) also increased by twofold the S-H interval prolongation caused by hypoxia. In contrast to the allosteric enhancer, draflazine increased the concentration of adenosine in epicardial transudate during hypoxia from 0.48 +/- 0.15 to 1.5 +/- 0.4 mumol/L. Draflazine also increased coronary conductance by approximately twofold in guinea pig normoxic constant-fold perfused hearts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Gut redox conditions in herbivorous lepidopteran larvae

Large interspecific differences in redox potential exist among herbivorous lepidopteran larvae. Reducing conditions occur in the midguts ofManduca sexta (Sphingidae) andPolia latex (Noctuidae), whereas oxidizing conditions prevail in the midguts ofLymantria dispar (Lymantriidae),Danaus plexippus (Danaidae), andPapilio glaucus (Papilionidae). The epithelium of the posterior midgut ofM. sexta fed a diet containing bismuth subnitrate accumulates bismuth sulfide, suggesting that sulfide might be one of the reducing agents responsible for the maintenance of reducing conditions in this species. We propose that the effects of plant allelochemicals in insect herbivores will be strongly affected by gut redox conditions and that the regulation of gut redox conditions is an important adaptation of insect herbivores to the chemical defenses of plants. The redox state of the gut is yet another insect trait that must be included in the analysis of plant-insect interactions.
Do novice runners have weak hips and bad running form

First, we sought to better understand the predisposition of novice female runners to injury by identifying potential differences in running mechanics and strength between experienced female runners and active novice runners. Secondly, we aimed to assess the relationship between hip and trunk strength with non-sagittal hip kinematics during running. Two female populations were recruited: 19 healthy experienced runners and 19 healthy active novice runners. Strength measurements of the hip abductors and external rotators were measured using a hand held dynamometer while trunk endurance was assessed via a side-plank. Next, an instrumented gait analysis was performed while each participant ran at 3.3m/s. Group comparisons were made using an independent t-test to identify differences in the impact peak, loading rate, peak non-sagittal hip joint angles, trunk endurance, and hip strength. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated between hip kinematics and strength measurements. There were no statistically significant differences in impact peak, loading rate, peak non-sagittal hip kinematics, or strength. However, the novice runners did show a clinically meaningful trend toward increased peak hip internal rotation by 3.8° (effect size 0.520). A decrease in trunk side-plank endurance was associated with an increased peak hip internal rotation angle (r=-0.357, p=0.03), whereas isometric strength was not related to kinematics. Programs aiming to prevent injuries in novice runners should target trunk performance and possibly hip neuromuscular control, rather than hip strength.
Electrical activity in embryonic heart cell aggregates. Developmental aspects.

Action potential parameters were measured in beating heart cell aggregates which were formed from trypsin-dissociated cells of embryonic chick hearts aged\(2{\raise0.5ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 1$}\kern-0.1em/\kern-0.15em\lower0.25ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 2$}}\), 4 or 7 days. 1. In aggregates composed of cells from the whole heart there was an increase in the maximum diastolic potential, overshoot, maximum rate of rise of the action potential (\(\dot V_{\max }\)), and action potential duration between days\(2{\raise0.5ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 1$}\kern-0.1em/\kern-0.15em\lower0.25ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 2$}}\) and 7. 2. Action potential parameters from 4-or 7-day aggregates composed exclusively of artial or ventricular cells were similar to those in whole heart aggregates of the same age with the exception of the action potential duration in which atrial <whole heart <ventricular. Between days 4 and 7 the increases in duration were approximately 14% in atrial, 35% in whole heart, and 50% in ventricular aggregates. Differences in action potential duration, within or between ages, were not due solely to differences in the rate of beating. 3. Action potentials in whole heart aggregates aged\(2{\raise0.5ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 1$}\kern-0.1em/\kern-0.15em\lower0.25ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 2$}}\) days were insensitive to TTX (10−5 g/ml) but abolished by D600 (1 μg/ml). Conversely, at 7 days activity was suppressed by TTX (2×10−8 g/ml) while D600 (1 μg/ml) shortened the action potential duration and reduced the overshoot without influencing\(\dot V_{\max }\). 4. Adrenaline (1 μg/ml) restored the action potential overshoot and duration in 7-day aggregates treated with D600. 5. Action potential development in embryonic heart cells appears to be characterized by the functional appearance of fast inward channels. The slow channel mechanism, previously utilized in action potential generation, may gradually assume its adult role of carrying inward current during the plateau phase. 6. In contrast to monolayer cultures, embryonic heart cells cultured in aggregate form seem to have membrane properties similar to those of intact tissue.
The effect of sorbed penetrants on the aging of previously dilated glassy polymer powders. II. n-propane sorption in polystyrene

Both the rate and apparent equilibrium of propane sorption in glassy polystyrene were increased after swelling the polymer by exposure to a highly sorbing vapor. Cyclic sorption experiments revealed that the increase in rate and apparent equilibrium of sorption due to the preswelling treatment decayed only during vacuum aging. The presence of low levels of propane in the polymer during aging, however, appeared to arrest the decay in sorption capacity. These composite results, taken in conjunction with the results of previous work in our laboratory, suggest that the component of the total sorption which resides in nonequilibrium, distended interchain gaps retards the chain motions which otherwise lead to consolidation of the dilated glass.
AIDS-Associated Mycoplasma The rest of the story

Abstract The Lo Mycoplasma appears to be capable of inducing immunosuppression in previously healthy individuals as well as in experimental animals. The Mycoplasma is infectious and can be invasive in immunocompromised AIDS patients. It appears to be related to M. fermentans although its markedly different pathogenicity warrants a different name, M. incognitus. It clearly represents a group of important, previously unrecognized human pathogens. A great deal of additional work is needed, particularly in terms of possible antimicrobial therapy. This work is underway in a number of different laboratories thanks to Dr. Lo's persistence in identifying this new organism and unequivocally demonstrating its pathogenicity.
Unreplaced Sex Steroid Deficiency, Corticotropin Deficiency, and Lower IGF-I Are Associated with Lower Bone Mineral Density in Adults with Growth Hormone Deficiency: A KIMS Database Analysis

Lower bone density in GH-deficient adults is associated with lower IGF-1 SD scores, unreplaced sex steroid deficiency, and corticotropin deficiency.
Outcomes before and after initiation of an acute aortic treatment center.

Background Acute aortic syndromes remain life-threatening. Time is of the essence, as mortality rises with increasing time after the acute episode. The aim of this report is to show changes in practice and outcomes after the establishment of an acute aortic treatment center (AATC) to expedite the care of acute aortic syndromes in a major metropolitan area with the belief that "door to intervention time under 90 minutes" reduces mortality and morbidity from acute aortic disease. Methods A database of patients admitted with acute aortic disease (Type A and B aortic dissections, acute thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysms, acute and ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms) for 1 year prior to initiation (2007) and 1 year after initiation of the pathway (AATC) in 2008 was developed. Comorbidities were scored according to Society of Vascular Surgery criteria. Anatomic and functional outcomes were determined and categorized by Society of Vascular Surgery reporting criteria. Multivariate analysis was performed for categorical outcomes and Cox proportional hazard analyses for time-dependent outcomes. Results Six hundred twenty-one patients reported with aortic disease to the cardiovascular services; 306 patients were considered to have acute disease. When compared with the year before the AATC was instituted, there was a 30% increase in the total number of admissions and a 25% increase in acute pathology after setting up the AATC (P = .02). There was a two-fold increase in thoracic aortic dissections admitted to the service. Initiation of the treatment pathway resulted in a highly significant 64% reduction in time to definitive therapy (526 ± 557 vs 187 ± 258 minutes, mean ± SD pre-AATC vs AATC; P = .0001). Comorbidity scores were equivalent between the two cohorts. Despite the increase in acuity, mortality (4% vs 6%) and morbidity (41% vs 45%) rates were unchanged, and there was a significant decrease in intensive care unit length of stay (5 vs 4 days, pre-AATC cohort vs the AATC cohort), but total hospital length of stay (11 vs 10 days) was unchanged. There was no correlation between deaths within 30 days and length of stay in the intensive care unit. Conclusion Establishment of a multidisciplinary AATC pathway was associated with a 30% increase in volume, 64% reduction in time to definitive treatment, improved throughput with reduced intensive care unit time, and maintained clinical efficacy despite an increase in acute admissions. These results suggest the concept be further evaluated.
DNA insertions distinguish the duplicated renin genes of DBA/2 and M. hortulanus mice.

In a survey of inbred and wild mouse DNAs for genetic variation at the duplicate renin loci,Ren-1 andRen-2, a variantNot I hybridization pattern was observed in the wild mouseM. hortulanus. To determine the basis for this variation, the structure of theM. hortulanus renin loci has been examined in detail and compared to that of the inbred strain DBA/2. Overall, the gross features of structure in this chromosomal region are conserved in bothMus species. In particular, the sequence at the recombination site between the linkedRen-1 andRen-2 loci was found to be identical in both DBA/2 andM. hortulanus, indicating that the renin gene duplication occurred prior to the divergence of ancestors of these mice. Renin flanking sequences inM. hortulanus, however, were found to lack four DNA insertions totaling approximately 10.5 kb which reside near the DBA/2 loci. The postduplication evolution of the mouse renin genes in thus characterized by a number of insertion and/or deletion events within nearby flanking sequences. Analysis of renin expression showed little or no difference between these mice in steady state renin RNA levels in most tissues examined, suggesting that these insertions do not influence expression at those sites. A notable exception is the adrenal gland, in which DBA/2 andM. hortulanus mice exhibit different patterns of developmentally regulated renin expression.
The simultaneous quantitative determination of cephalothin and cefazolin in serum by high pressure liquid chromatography

Conventional microbiological assay procedures for cephalosporins in serum do not allow the determination of serum concentrations if more than one cephalosporin is present in a single sample. An HPLC procedure has been developed which permits the simultaneous quantitative determination of cefazolin sodium and cephalothin sodium in serum. Reverse phase chromatography using methanol in 0.2 M ammonium acetate as the mobile phase was employed to separate and quantitate the two cephalosporins in a trichloroacetic acid supernatant solution prepared from serum.
The Orphan Trains: Placing Out in America

"From 1850 to 1930 America witnessed a unique emigration and resettlement of at least 200,000 children and several thousand adults, primarily from the East Coast to the West. This 'placing out,' an attempt to find homes for the urban poor, was best known by the 'orphan trains' that carried the children. Holt carefully analyzes the system, initially instituted by the New York Children's Aid Society in 1853, tracking its imitators as well as the reasons for its creation and demise. She captures the children's perspective with the judicious use of oral histories, institutional records, and newspaper accounts. This well-written volume sheds new light on the multifaceted experience of children's immigration, changing concepts of welfare, and Western expansion. It is good, scholarly social history."-Library Journal
Two-Plus-Two Construction Management Programs and Articulation Agreements

To meet workforce needs of U.S. industries, colleges and universities nationwide are increasingly being asked to develop better 2 + 2 programs and articulation agreements to guide a smooth transfer of students between 2-year and 4-year institutions. However, creating a good articulation agreement can be a challenging task. This article presents two case studies of formal articulation agreements between a 4-year and two 2-year construction management programs. In the case studies, the two articulation agreements provided means to formalize the transfer process for coursework and facilitate the transition for students from one campus to the other. The well designed matrices of course equivalencies allowed students to complete part of their coursework at either the 4-year or 2-year institution and earn both associate and bachelor's degrees within four years. By performing statistical analysis and comparisons of 2 + 2 transfer and non-transfer students’ grade point average (GPA), this research found that in b...
Viral Membrane Fusion at Single Pore Resolution

Fusion between membrane-enveloped viruses and their hosts is a critical step in infection, enabling the virus to release its genome and subsequently hijack the host cell's replication machinery. The genomes of enveloped viruses are packaged into multiple bulky ribonucleoprotein (RNP) particles whose release requires the dilation of the fusion pore - the initial, narrow, connection between fusing membranes. Electrophysiological studies of influenza A hemagglutinin (HA)-mediated fusion between HA-expressing fibroblasts and red blood cells and between HA-fibroblasts and voltage-clamped suspended bilayers comprise the most complete information to date about the dynamics of viral fusion pores. Small pores (∼2-5nm) were found to flicker repetitively and/or fluctuate in size prior to terminal dilation. A quantitative understanding of the biophysical driving forces of viral membrane fusion, including membrane contact area, membrane tension and protein fusogen cooperativity, however, remains elusive, and a number of questions - regarding the physical basis of pore flickering and the number of HA trimers required for successful pore dilation - remain open. Here we describe a novel electrophysiological approach, which has been successfully applied to study SNARE-mediated fusion pores, to probe the HA-mediated fusion pore. We voltage-clamped HA-expressing fibroblasts in the cell-attached configuration and included nanodiscs (NDs) in the patch pipette as fusion partners to probe fusion pore nucleation and evolution at single pore resolution. NDs are flat, bilayer discs whose composition and size can be varied. Current through voltage-clamped fusion pores reports pore size with sub-millisecond time resolution. Preliminary data shows that isolated fusion pores flicker, are long-lived (∼10s) and are of diameter ∼1.5nm.
Burning the Candle at Both Ends Extramarital Sex as a Precursor of Marital Disruption

This study examines several aspects of the association between engaging in extramarital sex and the disruption of one's marriage. In particular: is there a differential effect on disruption depending on the gender of the perpetrator? Is the effect of infidelity primarily due to its negative impact on marital quality and one's resistance to divorce? Are there characteristics of marriages that condition the effect of infidelity? Panel data on 1621 respondents followed from 1980 - 2000 in the Marital Instability Over the Life Course survey were utilized to answer these questions. Interval-censored Cox regression analysis revealed several noteworthy findings. Reports of problems due to extramarital involvement were strongly related to marital disruption, even holding constant the quality of the marriage. Although men were about three times more likely to be the cheating spouse, there was no difference in the effect of an affair on the marriage according to gender of the cheater. Approximately 40% of the effect of extramarital sex on disruption is accounted for by the mediating factors. Two moderators of infidelity's positive effect on disruption were found: the effect was substantially stronger for very religious couples, but weaker when the wife was in the labor force.
What Folklore Tells Us About Risk and Risk Taking: Cross-Cultural Comparisons of American, German, and Chinese Proverbs

Two studies attempted to discriminate between a situationaleconomic and a cultural explanation for the recently reported finding that Chinese from the People's Republic of China (PRC) are more risk-seeking than Americans. Both studies compared American and Chinese proverbs related to risk and risk-taking. The first study added Germany as a control group for its socioeconomic similarity to the United States but its closer resemblance to the PRC in its social safety-net and cultural collectivism. Members of each culture rated American, Chinese, and German riskrelated proverbs, respectively, on implied advice (to take or avoid risk) and applicability to financial or social risks. Results were consistent with the cultural explanation of national differences in risk taking: (a) Chinese and German proverbs were judged to provide more risk-seeking advice than American proverbs; (b)American proverbs were judged less applicable to risks in the social domain than Chinese and German proverbs; (c) regardless of national origin of proverbs, Chinese perceived proverbs toadvocate greater risk seeking than American raters, but only for financial and not for social risks.
Comprehensive identification and characterization of diallelic insertion–deletion polymorphisms in 330 human candidate genes

Despite being the second most frequent type of polymorphism in the genome, diallelic insertion-deletion polymorphisms (indels) have received far less attention in the study of sequence variation. In this report, we describe an approach that can detect indels in the heterozygous state and can comprehensively identify indels in the target sequence. Using this approach, we identified 2393 indels in a set of 330 candidate genes, i.e. an average of seven indels per gene with about two indels per gene being common (minor allele frequency >or=0.1). We compared the population genetic characteristics of indels with substitutions in this data. Our data supported the findings that deletions occur more frequently in the human genome. 5'-UTR and coding regions of the genes showed a significantly lower diversity for indels compared with other regions, suggesting differences in effects of selection on indels and substitutions. Sequence diversity and pairwise linkage disequilibrium (LD) findings of the different populations were similar to earlier results and included a greater skew towards low-frequency variants and a faster rate of LD decay in the African-descent population compared with the non-African populations. Within populations, the allele frequency spectra and LD-decay profiles for indels were similar to substitutions. Overall, the findings suggest that, although the mechanisms giving rise to indels may be different from those causing substitutions, the evolutionary histories of indels and substitutions are similar, and that indels can play a valuable role in association studies and marker selection strategies.
Edward L. Doheny: Petroleum, Power, and Politics in the United States and Mexico

Preface Introduction Prospector and Pioneer Mexican Millions Oil and Insurrection Ruler of the Petroleum State Through War and Revolution The Assassination of a President The Harding Oil Cabinet The Bribe in the Little Black Bag A Hundred Million Dollar Deal Tragic Finale Appendix Bibliography Index
Spectral identification of hydrated sulfates on Mars and comparison with acidic environments on Earth

We interpret recent spectral data of Mars collected by the Mars Exploration Rovers to contain substantial evidence of sulfate minerals and aqueous processes. We present visible/near-infrared (VNIR), mid-IR and Mossbauer spectra of several iron sulfate minerals and two acid mine drainage (AMD) samples collected from the Iron Mountain site and compare these combined data with the recent spectra of Mars. We suggest that the sulfates on Mars are produced via aqueous oxidation of sulfides known to be present on Mars from Martian meteorites. The sulfate-rich rock outcrops observed in Meridiani Planum may have formed in an acidic environment similar to AMD environments on Earth. Because microorganisms are typically involved in the oxidation of sulfides to sulfates in terrestrial AMD sites, sulfate-rich rock outcrops on Mars may be a good location to search for evidence of life on that planet. Whether or not life evolved on Mars, following the trail of sulfate minerals is likely to lead to aqueous processes and chemical weathering. Our results imply that sulfate minerals formed in Martian soils via chemical weathering, perhaps over very long time periods, and that sulfate minerals precipitated following aqueous oxidation of sulfides to form the outcrop rocks at Meridiani Planum.
Volunteering in Middle and Later Life: Is Health a Benefit, Barrier or Both?

The positive association between volunteering and health has been widely interpreted as evidence of the salutary effect of volunteering during adulthood. Using three waves of data from a national survey, this study uses structural equation models to examine the relationships among volunteering, functional limitations, and depressive symptoms during middle and later adulthood. The findings reveal a salutary effect of volunteering in later life as well as a compensatory mechanism. By contrast, only a barrier mechanism was uncovered in middle age: Depressive symptoms decreased volunteer participation over time. The results demonstrate life course variation in the relationship between volunteering and health and suggest greater attention to selection processes in the study of social engagement and health.
Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary life support with heparin-bonded circuitry in the resuscitation of massively injured trauma patients*

Background Patients who have massive but potentially survivable injuries frequently die from complications of hypovolemia, hypoxemia, hypothermia, metabolic acidosis, and coagulopathy. Emergency cardiopuhnonary bypass has been unsuccessful in preventing such deaths because it involves systemic anticoagulation that exacerbates coagulopathy. Patients and methods A simplified extracorporeal cardiopuhnonary life support (ECLS) system was assembled consisting of a centrifugal pump head, heat exchanger, membranous oxygenator, percutaneous cannulas, and heparin-bonded circuitry. The entire system has heparin-bonded surfaces. Patients were resuscitated with the system after femoral vein-femoral artery cannulation. ECLS was used to resuscitate massively injured patients who were deteriorating despite maximal conventional therapy. Results While receiving maximal conventional therapy, 6 patients developed hypothermia, metabolic acidosis, and coagulopathy causing pulmonary hemorrhaging and hypoxemia from severe underlying lung injuries. ECLS with heparin-bonded circuitry provided cardiopulmonary support and rewarming while physicians addressed coagulopathies and surgical bleeding and assessed survivability. Three patients survived. Conclusions ECLS with heparin-bonded circuitry offers supplemental capability in the resuscitation and cardiopuhnonary support of selected massively injured patients while their primary injuries are being evaluated and treated.
A new Delay-lock Tracker Based on Minimum Mean Squared Error Criterion

A new iterative algorithm for delay estimation (TDE) is presented . is based on a system model where signals of the form variable time The algorithm two received
Connected Components inO(log3/2n) Parallel Time for the CREW PRAM

Finding the connected components of an undirected graphG=(V, E) onn=|V| vertices andm=|E| edges is a fundamental computational problem. The best known parallel algorithm for the CREW PRAM model runs inO(log2n) time usingn2/log2nprocessors. For the CRCW PRAM model, in which concurrent writing is permitted, the best known algorithm runs inO(logn) time using slightly more than (n+m)/lognprocessors. Simulating this algorithm on the weaker CREW model increases its running time toO(log2n). We present here a simple algorithm that runs inO(log3/2n) time usingn+mCREW processors. Finding ano(log2n) parallel connectivity algorithm for this model was an open problem for many years.
A four-port model of the EMP response of a coaxial cable

A four-port model of a coaxial cable segment illuminated by an electromagnetic pulse is considered. It is shown how the four-port model can be used to obtain the response of the cable segment with various loads attached between the shield and ground and between the inner conductor and the shield. It is also shown how the four-port model of a single segment can be combined into a four-port model for a multisegment cable. Some examples are given of the results obtained from an implementation of the model on a PC-based workstation. Results for both single-segment and multisegment cables are presented. >
Effects of clopidogrel on soluble CD40 ligand and on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in patients with stable coronary artery disease.

Background Antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel decreases ischemic complication especially in patients with acute coronary syndromes or after percutaneous coronary interventions. Our study was designed to test the effects of clopidogrel on soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40l) and on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. A total of 73 patients with stable CAD for >6 months were randomized to receive either clopidogrel (loading dose 300 mg followed by 75 mg/d) for 8 weeks or placebo. Soluble CD40 ligand and hs-CRP were measured at baseline and at completion of the study. Results All patients were on aspirin therapy, and 74% were on statins. Median and interquartile ranges (IQR) of sCD40l decreased from 64 pg/mL (43-99) at baseline to 53 pg/mL (35-77) at 8 weeks ( P = .03) in the clopidogrel group and remained unchanged in the placebo group (59 pg/mL, IQR 35-77 vs 55 pg/mL, IQR 35-78) ( P = non significant). Levels of hs-CRP were not affected by therapy and remained unchanged in both groups. Conclusions In patients with stable CAD, clopidogrel inhibits the release of sCD40l by platelets, which may contribute to the clinical benefit provided by this drug. This, however, does not translate in a reduction of subclinical inflammation, as measured by hs-CRP.
A neural network model of speech acquisition and motor equivalent speech production

This article describes a neural network model that addresses the acquisition of speaking skills by infants and subsequent motor equivalent production of speech sounds. The model learns two mappings during a babbling phase. A phonetic-to-orosensory mapping specifies a vocal tract target for each speech sound; these targets take the form of convex regions in orosensory coordinates defining the shape of the vocal tract. The babbling process wherein these convex region targets are formed explains how an infant can learn phoneme-specific and language-specific limits on acceptable variability of articulator movements. The model also learns an orosensory-to-articulatory mapping wherein cells coding desired movement directions in orosensory space learn articulator movements that achieve these orosensory movement directions. The resulting mapping provides a natural explanation for the formation of coordinative structures. This mapping also makes efficient use of redundancy in the articulator system, thereby providing the model with motor equivalent capabilities. Simulations verify the model's ability to compensate for constraints or perturbations applied to the articulators automatically and without new learning and to explain contextual variability seen in human speech production.
An Exploratory Study of Attachments and Posttraumatic Stress in Combat Veterans

The purpose of this exploratory study was to evaluate the potential value of comparing specific attachments to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology in combat veterans with a new measure of attachments. A case series of 22 combat veterans in a Veterans Affairs Medical Center clinic completed PTSD Checklist – Military Version (PCL-M), Trauma Symptom Inventory - 2nd Edition, and the Attachment and Clinical Issues Questionnaire (ACIQ) as part of a pilot study for a larger project. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlations were used to examine the data. Although there were significant negative correlations between self-rated PTSD symptoms and avoidant (r = −0.44) and ambivalent (r = −0.55) attachment scores towards their mothers, suggesting a novel type of enmeshment, positive correlations were found between PTSD symptoms and avoidant partner attachments scores (r = 0.47). There were no significant correlations between the attachment scales to father and PTSD symptoms. The ACIQ Ambivalent Partner scale was only related to TSI-2 scales Intrusive Experiences (r = −0.44) and Defensive Avoidance (r = −0.44). An exploratory regression model using attachment variables identified from correlations and predicting PCL scores was significant (R 2 = 0.48); however, only Avoidant Partner scale contributed significant variance (β = 0.42, p = 0.024). The potency of the partner scale suggests a potential target for future research and intervention. These data point to new questions to be explored with larger samples and more sophisticated statistical techniques, and further highlighting the complexity of attachment and PTSD.
Halo Effects in Social Media: Do Product Recalls Hurt or Help Rival Brands

Online chatter is important because it is spontaneous, passionate, information rich, granular, and live. Thus, it can forewarn and be diagnostic about potential problems with automobile models, known as nameplates. The authors define perverse halo as the phenomenon whereby negative chatter about one nameplate increases negative chatter for another nameplate. The authors test the existence of such perverse halo for 48 nameplates from 4 different brands during a series of automobile recalls. The analysis is by individual and panel Vector AutoRegressive models.Perverse halo is extensive. It occurs for nameplates within the same brand across segments and across brands within segments. It is strongest between brands of the same country. Perverse halo is asymmetric, being stronger from a dominant brand to a less dominant brand than vice versa. These halo effects have a short wear-in and a modest wear-out. Recall related advertising has harmful effects on both the recalled brand and its rivals. Further, these halo effects impact downstream performance metrics such as sales and stock market performance.
Advanced Fueling System for Use as a Burn Control Tool in a Burning Plasma Device

Steady-state advanced tokamak (AT) scenarios rely on optimized density and pressure profiles to maximize the bootstrap current fraction. Under this mode of operation, the fueling system must deposit small amounts of fuel where it is needed and as often as needed, so as to compensate for fuel losses, but not to adversely alter the established density and pressure profiles. Conventional fueling methods have not demonstrated successful fueling ofAT-type discharges and may be incapable of deep fueling long-pulse edge-localized-mode-free discharges in ITER. The capability to deposit fuel at any desired radial location within the tokamak would provide burn control capability through alteration of the density profile. The ability to peak the density profile would ease ignition requirements, while operating ITER with density profiles that are peaked would increase the fusion power output. An advanced fueling system should also be capable of fueling well past internal transport barriers. Compact toroid (CT) fueling has the potential to meet these needs, while simultaneously providing a source of toroidal momentum input. Experimental data needed for the design of a CT fueler for ITER could be obtained on NSTX using an existing CT injector.
Neuroleptic Responsivity of Negative and Positive Symptoms in Schizophrenia

The authors prospectively examined the effects of double-blind, placebo-controlled neuroleptic withdrawal and administration on ratings of negative and positive symptoms in 19 young patients with chronic schizophrenia. Negative symptoms were significantly reduced by neuroleptic treatment, and negative and positive symptoms demonstrated similar patterns of reduction and exacerbation during neuroleptic treatment and withdrawal, respectively. The changes in negative and positive symptoms induced by neuroleptic treatment and withdrawal were not significantly correlated, however. The negative and positive symptom profiles of individual patients were significantly altered by neuroleptic treatment, indicating limitations to the cross-sectional classification of patients on the basis of predominance of one or the other symptom group. The authors discuss implications for the neurobiological underpinnings of negative and positive symptoms.
Poisonous Plants: Understanding the Need for Accurate Identification and Timely Information

Only a few of the thousands of existing plants are considered to be poisonous or potentially harmful in any manner. No universal guidelines are available to determine whether a plant or specific exposure will result in harm. This article reviews commonly encountered poisonous plants and suggests resources for information if exposure occurs. Poisonous plants are commonplace in homes or offices and should be properly identified in anticipation of a child or animal ingesting one of these plants. Although plants or mushrooms encountered in nature may resemble common foods, one should ask an expert to positively identify them before eating them. The telephone number of a regional poison control center or another emergency contact should be posted in an accessible area in case of an accidental poisoning. This is the fourth and final article in a continuing education update series. Following this series, particpants should be able to recognize the hazards and know what to do when encountering a poisonous plant or mushroom, understand how plants can clean the environment, and identify the role plants play in ancient and modern-day pharmaceuticals.
The Inquisition in Eighteenth-Century Mexico*

A distinguished British historian, commenting on the trial and execution of “ Edmund Arrowsmith, a Papist burned by pious Englishmen at Lancaster in 1628,” claims that “ clearly … there is no rational comparison between a victim of the bloody Spanish Tribunal and one who suffered at the hands of cool headed English justice.” Considering that Magistrate Henry Yelverton judged Arrowsmith guilty of high treason for being a priest, refused to allow the accused to testify in his own defense, and then gleefully witnessed the execution, it is possible that “ cool headed English justice ” might not compare so favorably with the proceedings of the Inquisition. This is particularly true when the Inquisition in eighteenth-century New Spain is studied, for although the Holy Office was then in decline and under the control of regalist prelates, its operations exhibited marked deliberation in the pursuit of justice as defined by the courts of that period.
EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATION ON DISINFECTION EFFICACY OF DIBROMOHYDANTOIN AND DETERGENTS IN CLOTHING DISINFECTION

Objective To observe antibacterial efficacy of of dibromohydantoin and common detergents in clothing disinfection.Methods Carrier quatitative simulated on-the-spot disinfection experiment was used to carry out the examination of disinfection efficacy of two kinds of preparation to bacteria on clothing in laboratory.Results The killing logarithm value of Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa on clothing exposed to disinfection solution containing available bromine 500 mg/L for 15 min were above 3.00 and that of Candida albicans exposed for 30 min was above 3.00.The killing logarithm value of S.aureus,E.coli,P.aeruginosa and C.albicans on clothing exposed to 10 g/L detergents solution,deep care cleansing lotion and 5 g/L phosphate-free laundry detergent powder for 30 min were all under 1.00.Conclusion Dibromohydantoin has stronger disinfection effect on vegetative forms of bacteria and fungi on clothing than common detergents.
Method for Partial Discharge Pattern Recognition Based on Characteristics of Signal Energy Spectrum and Its System Realization

Conventional partial discharge(PD) fault pattern recognition using ultra-high frequency(UHF) method has strict requirements of sample rate, transmission bandwidth, and processing speed. To solve this problem, we proposed a new method based on signal energy spectrum for PD pattern recognition. In this method, by extracting energy of PD's UHF electromagnetic signals in different frequency bands, we built the energy spectrum sequence as a criterion for pattern recognition which could greatly reduce the recognition's demands for sample rate, bandwidth, and processing speed. Through PD experiments of five typical insulation defects, we obtained some basic recognition judgment that could prove the proposed method to be effective. Plus, using the method, we established a corresponding signal processing system based on radio frequency(RF) theory. Then through PD experiments, the recognition judgment of this system was also proposed. Further experiments indicated that the system has correct rate of 90% in recognition.
Urolithiasis in childhood acute leukemia and nonHodgkin's lymphoma.

AbstractUreteral calculi were found in 5 children who were receiving or had recently completed remission induction therapy for acute leukemia or lymphoma. All 5 patients had abdominal or back pain and 3 had gross hematuria. The diagnosis of urolithiasis was suggested by excretory urograms that showed obstructive uropathy (4 patients) and by computerized tomography scans that demonstrated ureterovesical obstruction (1 patient with acute renal failure and anuria). With a single exception the calculi were not associated with urinary tract infections. Chemical analyses in the 2 patients tested indicated that the stones were composed of calcium, in contrast to the uric acid and xanthine compositions of stones in earlier studies of patients with leukemia or lymphoma. Factors that might have predisposed our patients to calculi formation include corticosteroid therapy, immobilization owing to bed rest and urinary alkalization. Other possible contributing factors were urinary stasis (2 patients) and a familial ten...