cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterization of acid-base transporters in cultured outer medullary collecting duct cells.

Cells from the inner stripe of the rabbit outer medullary collecting duct (OMCDi) were grown in primary culture, and their acid-base transport properties were characterized using intracellular pH (pHi) measurements with the fluorescent probe 2',7'-bis(carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF). Basal pHi in HCO(3-)-buffered solutions was 7.28 +/- 0.04 (n = 20). The presence of a Cl-/HCO(3-)-antiporter was demonstrated by reversible alkalinization on bath Cl- removal. The mean alkalinization seen on Cl- removal was 0.16 +/- 0.02 pH units (n = 20) and was inhibited 92% by 10(-4) M 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid. Studies were also performed to determine the presence of an Na+/H+ antiporter and an H(+)-adenosinetriphosphatase (H(+)-ATPase). After an NH4Cl acid load the cells exhibited both Na(+)-dependent and Na(+)-independent pHi recovery mechanisms. The Na(+)-dependent mechanism was inhibited by amiloride. The Na(+)-independent mechanism was completely inhibited by 10(-3) M N-ethylmalei...
Assessment of the Patient with a Cardiac Arrhythmia

The evaluation of the patient suspected of having a cardiac rhythm disturbance is fundamental to the role of the clinical cardiac electrophysiologist. The approach followed for this evaluation varies from patient to patient and is influenced by the patient's clinical status and symptoms, but a general outline can be established and is the purpose of this chapter. As always, the initial evaluation begins with the performance of a careful history and physical examination.
Price Match Guarantees: A Conceptual Examination

Given the theoretical importance and empirical evidence of price matching guarantees (PMGs), marketing researchers have paid close attention to the area. A price matching guarantee (PMG) is an efficient promotion strategy that many retailers use to signal to consumers that they have competitively lower prices. While some interesting academic research has been done on the general topic, an advantage of this proposed study is that it is one of the first to explore a comparison of online price matching guarantees (OPMGs) – those which match Internet competitor on-line prices – with the PMGs of traditional retail stores. At a time when traditional retailers are struggling to compete with on-line retailers, such as Amazon, this topic is of significant strategic importance. In this paper, the author conceptually examines PMGs and investigates through past research how PMGs affect both consumers and retailers. The author then concludes with a proposed empirical study that examines OPMGs and their effect on the marketplace.
Abstract 791: Examining the roles of deleterious and potentially damaging variant alleles in African and Caucasian ancestral populations

The purpose of this study was to analyze the overlap between potentially damaging Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) for coding gene regions across African American and Caucasian populations. Allele frequency and genotype data from the International HapMap Project was acquired for ancestral groups from Utah Residents with Northern and Western European Ancestry (CEU), Yoruba in Ibadan, Nigeria (YRI) and African Americans from the Southwest (ASW) resulting in 34,844 unique variants. Using the Variant Effect Predictor, non-synonymous SNPs in overlapping transcripts were filtered and found in 12,367 unique genes. SIFT or Polyphen-2 scores were used to determine which variants were likely to prove damaging to protein function, resulting in 10,917 variants. Functional annotation of biological pathways in genes affected by these variants was analyzed using DAVID. There was enrichment in olfactory pathways/g-protein coupled receptor function, cell membrane function and epidermal growth factor activity. Comparisons of genes affected by these deleterious variants were overlapped with the catalog of published genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with SNP-traits associated with cancer. There were 90 of 463 genes in common with this data that were examined for linkage disequilibrium with the damaging variants. Finally, SNPs with a variant allele frequency differences >±5% between CEU versus YRI or ASW resulted in with 2,381 SNPs with 55.7% overlap between groups. Analysis of patient genotypes found those in the CEU population were more likely to possess a homozygous allele. Using Chi-Squared tests, populations were examined for risk allele frequencies by genotype. This study demonstrated variants with potentially damaging consequences in cancer pathways are disproportionally represented in different ancestral populations. Citation Format: Myron K. Gibert, Luisel Ricks-Santi, John T. McDonald. Examining the roles of deleterious and potentially damaging variant alleles in African and Caucasian ancestral populations. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 791.
Survivable Multiband Networking

The survivability of communication systems has been a longstanding requirement for various command-and-control systems. Previous approaches have concentrated on building hardened systems that operate separately from the normal, day-to-day military communications systems, leaving vulnerable general strategic communications. Since it is impractical to harden all communications systems, a methodology has been developed that combines the inherent robustness of packet-switching technology with the diversity of transmission systems and media available to the military. This use of multiple types of transmission media to obtain redundancy and survivability in the face of attack has recently gained increased attention. This paper extends prior work, which concentrated mainly on link issues, by proposing a unified communication architecture for multi-band networking.
Increased Transmissibility of Leishmania donovani From the Mammalian Host to Vector Sand Flies After Multiple Exposures to Sand Fly Bites.

Background Patients with active visceral leishmaniasis are important reservoirs in the anthroponotic transmission cycle of Leishmania donovani. The role of the blood or skin as a source of infection to sand flies remains unclear, and the possible effect of multiple exposures to fly bites on transmissibility has not been addressed. Methods L. donovani-infected hamsters underwent xenodiagnoses with Lutzomyia longipalpis on the same or different sites on the abdomen on 2 consecutive days or by artificial feeding on the skin or blood. Results The transmission of L. donovani from sick hamsters to flies was surprisingly low (mean, 24% of fed flies). New flies fed on the same site acquired significantly more infections (mean, 61%; P < .0001). By artificial feeding, flies could acquire infection from blood and skin. However, only artificial feeding on blood produced infections that correlated with the natural feeding (R = 0.792; P < .0001). Infections acquired from blood increased dramatically for blood obtained after exposure to bites, as did the parasitemia level and the number of monocytes in the circulation. Conclusions The bites of uninfected sand flies favor the transmissibility of L. donovani by infected hosts, owing to a systemic effect that exposure to bites has on the parasitemia. Patients with active visceral leishmaniasis are important reservoirs in the anthroponotic transmission cycle of Leishmania donovani. Using the hamster model of visceral disease, we demonstrate that prior exposure to bites of uninfected sand flies potentiates their ability to transmit infection to the vector.
Using a flipped classroom and the perspective of families to teach medical students about children with disabilities and special education

Abstract Background The need to teach medical students to care for children with disabilities, work effectively with these patients' families, and collaborate with schools has been well established. Yet, what is not clear is the exact nature of the content to be taught and how medical schools develop the systems and enabling structures required to ensure medical education responds to the needs of children with disabilities and their families. Objective The aim of this study was to develop and assess the efficacy of an educational intervention designed to introduce the topics of special education law and practices and working with parents of children with disabilities into an undergraduate medical education pediatrics course. Methods A new curricular element based upon the flipped classroom that included an on-line module followed by participation in a panel discussion comprised of parents of children with disabilities, and concluding with an on-line discussion was implemented. Medical students completed a pre- and post-assessment that evaluated their knowledge of special education law and practices. Results Students demonstrated increased understanding of special education laws and practices. Qualitative findings showed that students recognized the importance and value of learning the content to support their patients and their patients' families. Conclusions Based upon study findings, the flipped classroom method improved student knowledge of the topic and students reported they valued the content. This addition to the undergraduate medical curriculum provided students with an effective introductory overview and demonstrated one viable option for incorporating necessary topics into the undergraduate medical curriculum.
Psychology's Renaissance

In 2010–2012, a few largely coincidental events led experimental psychologists to realize that their approach to collecting, analyzing, and reporting data made it too easy to publish false-positive findings. This sparked a period of methodological reflection that we review here and call Psychology's Renaissance. We begin by describing how psychologists’ concerns with publication bias shifted from worrying about file-drawered studies to worrying about p-hacked analyses. We then review the methodological changes that psychologists have proposed and, in some cases, embraced. In describing how the renaissance has unfolded, we attempt to describe different points of view fairly but not neutrally, so as to identify the most promising paths forward. In so doing, we champion disclosure and preregistration, express skepticism about most statistical solutions to publication bias, take positions on the analysis and interpretation of replication failures, and contend that meta-analytical thinking increases the preval...
Modeling and imaging security threats using a single-frequency adaptable reflect-array

This work is aimed at the characterization and validation through simulations of a reflect-array based mm-wave screening system for security applications. This system is able to reconstruct the surface of the whole human body, and it can detect concealed objects under clothing using a single frequency. Innovative physical-optics (PO) related techniques are introduced to computationally simulate complete realistic 3D models of human bodies with both accuracy and computational efficiency. Additionally, simulations of arbitrary dielectric and metallic structures located on the surface of a human model are used to assess the ability of the reflect-array to detect concealled objects.
Stability improvement of invertor driven induction motors by use of feedback

Summary An analytical procedure for designing feedback control loops used to improve the performance of induction motor drives, supplied from static inverters, is presented. A cost functional is derived using the differential equations that describe behavior of the system state variables about a periodic steady-state operating point. The cost functional is used to derive the best gains for a specific feedback structure. This technique is applied to a drive system, previously shown to exhibit instability over a wide speed range. It is demonstrated, by means of a detailed analog computer simulation, that the feedback coefficients calculated by the cost functional technique indeed results in near optimum, well-damped operation.
Sphingolipid metabolism potential in fecal microbiome and bronchiolitis in infants: a case-control study.

Emerging evidence demonstrated that the structure of fecal microbiome is associated with the likelihood of bronchiolitis in infants. However, no study has examined functional profiles of fecal microbiome in infants with bronchiolitis. In this context, we conducted a case–control study. As a part of multicenter prospective study, we collected stool samples from 40 infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis (cases). We concurrently enrolled 115 age-matched healthy controls. First, by applying 16S rRNA gene sequencing to these 155 fecal samples, we identified the taxonomic profiles of fecal microbiome. Next, based on the taxonomy data, we inferred the functional capabilities of fecal microbiome and tested for differences in the functional capabilities between cases and controls. Overall, the median age was 3 months and 45% were female. Among 274 metabolic pathways surveyed, there were significant differences between bronchiolitis cases and healthy controls for 37 pathways, including lipid metabolic pathways (false discovery rate [FDR] <0.05). Particularly, the fecal microbiome of bronchiolitis cases had consistently higher abundances of gene function related to the sphingolipid metabolic pathways compared to that of controls (FDR <0.05). These pathways were more abundant in infants with Bacteroides-dominant microbiome profile compared to the others (FDR <0.001). On the basis of the predicted metagenome in this case–control study, we found significant differences in the functional potential of fecal microbiome between infants with bronchiolitis and healthy controls. Although causal inferences remain premature, our data suggest a potential link between the bacteria-derived metabolites, modulations of host immune response, and development of bronchiolitis.
Abstract 524: Characterizing thein vitroandin vivoeffects of the PIM kinase inhibitor HS140 in triple-negative human breast cancer

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks expression of the estrogen receptor (ER), the progesterone receptor (PR) and the ERBB2 (also known as HER2) receptor, making it the worse subtype of all breast cancers. Currently, there are no molecular targeted therapies for this cancer and chemotherapy is only successful in a limited number of patients. Recent studies suggest that members of the oncogenic PIM kinase family, especially PIM-1, play a significant role in the growth of TNBC. However, there is very limited information on the role other PIM family members have in the growth and development of TNBCs. As an attempt to address this concern, we treated a panel of TNBC cell lines with HS140, a PIM-2 kinase inhibitor developed in the laboratory. Using cytotoxicity assays, we were able to demonstrate a decrease in anchorage-dependent growth of cell lines at different concentrations of HS140. Also, a triple negative breast cancer GEMM (C3TAg) was used for an efficacy study. Mice (FVB/N background) have C(3)SV40 T-antigen resulting in inactivation of p53 and Rb. Nine mice received HS140 treatment (80mg/kg BIW IP) and 14 left untreated for control (non-treatment [NT]). All mice were monitored for weight loss and timespan to tumor development 5 times weekly. Tumor volumes at 21 days were significantly (Mann-Whitney, p=0.0002) reduced in the treated cohort with a mean of 109mm3 (range of 0-5000) compared to untreated 1393mm3 (0-239). We observed no toxicities with body mass stable at the treatment dose of 80mg/kg. Additionally, three mice from untreated and three mice from treated cohorts were chosen for blood sampling pre- and post-treatment via a submandibular bleed; no significant differences were noted in WBC, RBC, PLT, or HGB between untreated and treated cohorts. Overall, these results suggest that other members of the PIM kinase family, including PIM-2, have an important function in the growth and development of TNBC and may serve as a potential molecular target for future therapeutics. Citation Format: Michael Cobb, Lucas Hunter, David Carlson, David Darr, Timothy Haystead, Antonio T. Baines. Characterizing the in vitro and in vivo effects of the PIM kinase inhibitor HS140 in triple-negative human breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 524. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-524
Is It Possible to Develop Cancer Vaccines to Neoantigens, What Are the Major Challenges, and How Can These Be Overcome? Targeting the Right Antigens in the Right Patients

Recent advances in genomic sequencing and bioinformatics have empowered a revolution in immuno-oncology that has led to numerous unambiguous demonstrations of spontaneous and therapy-induced T-cell responses in patients against a subset of immunogenic tumor-specific somatic mutations known as neoantigens. These findings raise the exciting possibility that patients could be therapeutically treated with personalized vaccines against the mutations expressed by their own tumor. A central challenge for the broader clinical application of this approach will be to define the best antigens to target, to determine the subset of patients most likely to derive significant clinical benefit, and, finally, to discover both the best method of vaccine delivery and the optimal time in the disease course to do so. A growing number of translational immunologists believe that these challenges can be overcome and this perspective will discuss strategies to achieve this.
A Study of Conceptually Based Physical Education in Higher Education

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to determine whether university students who participated in conceptually based physical education (CPE) would achieve greater positive improvements in their physical fitness level, compared to students in traditional activity- and skills-based physical education (ASPE). Method: This was a pilot study based on an experimental design consisting of 2 intervention groups of CPE (n = 27) and ASPE (n = 29) students who were required to participate in fitness preassessments and postassessments scheduled accordingly during the semester at a medium-sized Midwestern university in the United States. Results: Descriptive and paired samples t test analyses indicated that all students made physical fitness improvements; however, no significant between-group differences were found based on ANOVA analysis. Conclusion: Most of the students showed gains in physical fitness; as a result, students benefited from participating in both types of physical education courses. There is a need for physical education in colleges and universities, and whether in the form of CPE or ASPE, these courses will benefit all students. CPE courses will merely extend further opportunity for the cultivation of physical and health education, as well as potentially improve motivation, attitudes, and behaviors toward exercise during the semester of course enrollment and beyond.Subscribe to TPE
The Language and Metaphor of Jean Piaget

The English translations of Piaget's work often miss qualities of his writing that distinguish his “organismic” model of psychology from more mechanistic models. This paper is a comparison of the English translations of Piaget's The Origins of Intelligence in Children and The Construction of the Real in the Child with the French originals. Three substantial differences between the French originals and the English translations are discussed: (a) many of Piaget's biological metaphors are altered in favor of more mechanistic ones, (b) some of Piaget's metaphors are entirely eliminated, and (c) Piaget uses metaphors to construct links between similar ideas. I conclude that the French originals offer more support for the assertion of Piaget's “organismic” model, and that the reader's understanding of Piaget is hindered by the exclusion of Piaget's metaphors from the English language texts.
Decentralized Monetary Rules in a Three-Country Model and Time Series Evidence of Structural Dependence

Coordination of actions of several policy makers is fraught with difficulties of theoretical and practical nature. To understand the difficulties, it helps to note that policy coordination problems are in essence control problems with multi decision-makers under imperfect and non-identical information patterns. Since policy makers in several countries must act on information sets which are not identical, incomplete and imperfect, pooling or exchange of information may be desirable, were it not for the cost and delays in gathering, exchanging and processing information, or incentives for transmitting false information. Decentralized controls can sidestep some of the costs and delays involved in information exchange since they are control actions based mostly on locally available information, possibly supplemented by information supplied from outside on a few items.
CSAT Antibody Interferes with in Vivo Migration of Somitic Myoblast Precursors into the Body Wall

An involvement of the fibronectin receptor in muscle cell behavior has been demonstrated previously only in vitro (Chiquet et al., 1979; Neff et al., 1982; Greve and Gottlieb, 1982; Turner et al., 1983). By grafting mouse hybridoma cells in the early chick embryo in a manner similar to that used by Bronner-Fraser to study neural crest cell migration (Bronner-Fraser, 1985), we now provide in vivo evidence that the disturbance of FN-cell interactions disrupt the migration of myoblasts.
ICT and the Deregulation of the Electric Power Industry: A Story of an Architect's New Tool

Deregulation of electric power industry in the USA is an effort by the Federal and State governments to exercise power through the control of mission-critical infrastructure. This research asserts that information and communication technology (ICT) was necessary for this deregulatory effort, but ICT by itself is not sufficient to assure the success of deregulation. Using metaphors adopted from Kling and Scacchi's "web of computing", the paper shows how regulators attempted to change the social fabric in the electric power industry by using ICT to alter a complicated set of interdependencies and complementarities. Given the social and infrastructural nature of the research, web models are an effective mechanism to understand these complex relationships. In the paper, the basic web model is extended with architectural aspects to draw out the original connections with "urban infrastructure" and architecture. Ethnographic methods were used to gain a deep understanding of the ecology of the electric power industry. Data were collected over a nine-month period at a large utility's grid dispatch control center because these centers were the primary focal point of deregulatory efforts. Essentially, the paper is another data point indicating rational models are of little value outside tightly controlled circumstances. The paper's primary contribution, however, is intended for policy-makers changing ICT designs at an architectural level using regulatory mechanisms, and for ICT analysts who must map the resulting complex of ecological interrelationships into an integrated design. The resulting integrated ICT infrastructure is used to run the electric power infrastructure that information societies depend on in the most intimate way on a daily basis.
EBV Genome Organization in Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines Established Following Enhancement With Aflatoxin B1 and Relevance to Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

The mechanisms underlying interactions between viruses and carcinogens are only beginning to be understood. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) separated from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are a relevant model to study chemical carcinogen-EBV synergism, due to the high degree of EBV reactivation and potential for EBV-associated malignant lymphomas in patients with AIDS. To better understand chemical carcinogen-EBV synergism at a molecular level, we examined the organization of the terminal region of EBV genome carried by LCLs established from patients with AIDS. For this study we chose LCLs established from PBLs treated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a mycotoxin and known carcinogen. From an analysis of the EcoR1 Dhet terminal region, we found the majority of the LCLs established spontaneously to be clonal in origin, but individual lineages established from the same patient often carried EBV episomal circular forms of the genome with varying numbers of fused 500-base pair terminal repeats. Linear forms of the EBV genome with varying numbers of fused 3’ and 5’ 500-base pair terminal repeats were only detected in spontaneously derived LCLs which were established from carcinogen-treated PBLs. The presence of linear EBV DNA correlated with the presence of extracellular transforming virus. LCLs established from PBLs separated from patients with AIDS following addition of exogenous EBV (B95.8 or FF41–1) most often carried episomal circular forms of EBV genome with a terminal region characteristic of the infecting viral strain. LCLs derived from EBV-infected PBLs treated with AFB1 often carried variation of the parent episomal circular form differing in terminal region varying by number of fused terminal repeats. In addition, various forms of linear EBV DNA varying by the number of fused 3’ terminal repeats could be detected in these LCLs. These results show that the chemical carcinogen AFB1 directly interact with EBV and drive EBV-infected lymphocytes toward a semi-permissive infection. Furthermore, the permissive state of an LCL correlates with changes in the organization of the terminal region of the EBV genome and provides a model to explore how chemical carcinogens enhance EBV-induced transformation and EBV replication, and induce malignant conversion of EBV-carrying LCLs.
Fair and Balanced? News Media Bias and Influence on Voters

This paper examines the relationship of mass media on consumers’ partisanship and ideology. The link between real or perceived bias by news organizations and consumers ideological preferences is often assumed, but relatively few empirical tests have been conducted. This paper investigates whether the particular newspaper that citizens read correlates with partisan preferences. Data include survey responses from the 1992 British General Election study. Britain provides a unique environment for such a test as most major newspapers have clearly perceived partisan biases. Respondents’ party identification, newspaper readership, and major party evaluations demonstrate that media consumption correlates with partisan and ideological preferences, although news consumers who read papers are more likely to modify their perceptions of party ideology in the direction of press bias. Media consumption correlates with ideological preferences and perceptions of political parties.
Analysis of Peptides by Denaturing Ultrafiltration and LC-MALDI-TOF-MS

The dynamic range of complex biological samples represents a challenge for mass spectrometric -characterization. Removal of high abundant proteins is a prerequisite for a successful mass spectrometric analysis of low abundant analytes. In particular, plasma and serum proteome span at least ten orders of magnitude and represent a major challenge for biomarker discovery. Immunoaffinity depletion is the most common methods of removal of high abundant proteins. Here we describe coupling of denaturing ultrafiltration, an alternative depletion strategy, with reverse-phase fractionation and mass spectrometry for characterization of low-molecular-weight proteins and peptides.
Aspects of the Quasiclassical t-Matrix Boundary Condition

We apply the t-matrix boundary conditions of Rainer to study the critical current of superfluid 3He confined to a thin channel between realistic rough surfaces using quasiclassical techniques. Rainer's conditions lead directly to a simple, stable and comprehensive algorithm for solving the quasiclassical equations which we present in detail. The conditions yielded physical results in all cases studied and their ease of use permitted an exhaustive search through the phase space of solutions. A robust metastable state appears for narrow channel widths suggesting the possibility of two different critical currents.
FMEA of MR-only Treatment Planning in the Pelvis

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the implementation of a magnetic resonance (MR)-only workflow (ie, implementing MR simulation as the primary planning modality) using failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) in comparison with a conventional multimodality (MR simulation in conjunction with computed tomography simulation) workflow for pelvis external beam planning. Methods and Materials To perform the FMEA, a multidisciplinary 9-member team was assembled and developed process maps, identified potential failure modes (FMs), and assigned numerical values to the severity (S), frequency of occurrence (O), and detectability (D) of those FMs. Risk priority numbers (RPNs) were calculated via the product of S, O, and D as a metric for evaluating relative patient risk. An alternative 3-digit composite number (SOD) was computed to emphasize high-severity FMs. Fault tree analysis identified the causality chain leading to the highest-severity FM. Results Seven processes were identified, 3 of which were shared between workflows. Image fusion and target delineation subprocesses using the conventional workflow added 9 and 10 FMs, respectively, with 6 RPNs >100. By contrast, synthetic computed tomography generation introduced 3 major subprocesses and propagated 46 unique FMs, 15 with RPNs >100. For the conventional workflow, the largest RPN scores were introduced by image fusion (RPN range, 120-192). For the MR-only workflow, the highest RPN scores were from inaccuracies in target delineation resulting from misinterpretation of MR images (RPN = 240) and insufficient management of patient- and system-level distortions (RPN = 210 and 168, respectively). Underestimation (RPN = 140) or overestimation (RPN = 192) of bone volume produced higher RPN scores. The highest SODs for both workflows were related to changes in target location because of internal anatomy changes (conventional = 961, MR-only = 822). Conclusions FMEA identified areas for mitigating risk in MR-only pelvis RTP, and SODs identified high-severity process modes. Efforts to develop a quality management program to mitigate high FMs are underway.
Mechanical characteristics of the bistable origami hypar

Abstract This letter explores the mechanical behavior of the origami hyperbolic paraboloid or hypar which is a bistable thin sheet structure with symmetric stable states. We use experiments to evaluate the global and local behaviors of the structure, which are unique from other bistable origami systems. In theory, for the hypar to reconfigure between the stable states, the thin sheet which is initially patterned with acute and reflex folds needs to fully flatten. However, we find that axial stretching as well as two distinctly different buckling patterns in the origami can allow for portions of the sheet to remain folded during the reconfiguration. The spacing of folds in the hypar, the resulting buckling characteristics, the stretching of the sheet, and the local material nonlinearity at the fold lines all have significant effects on the force–displacement response of the system. The work gives insight to these phenomena which are often omitted in the testing and modeling of more conventional origami-inspired systems. We reinforce our understanding of the hypar behavior by establishing an analytical model that can simulate the kinematics, the buckling, and the force–displacement behavior of the structure. The letter also discusses topics for future extension and introduces hypar chains where multiple hypars are connected in series to achieve multistability.
Abstract 4742: The influence of cellular developmental state on response to therapeutics in glioblastoma

Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive tumor treated with ionizing radiation (IR) and temozolomide (TMZ). Here we investigate how developmental state of glioblastoma cells: cancer stem cells (CSC) or differentiated cells, influences cellular response to treatment. Tissue from untreated primary GBM tumors representing diverse genotype were dissociated and cultured in conditions selective for CSCs, which were subsequently differentiated into an astrocytic phenotype by culturing in media supplemented with 2% FBS. Stemness index was evaluated using a machine learning predictive algorithm. Sensitivity of both isogenic CSC and serum differentiated cell (SDC) populations to TMZ and IR was determined by non-linear fitting of dose-response curves, using CellTiterGlo to measure cell viability (n=5) . CSCs and SDCs were then subjected to sub-lethal TMZ, IR (4 Gy), or control treatments, in triplicate. Cells were harvested, and DNA was isolated and Illumina 450k DNA methylation array data was analyzed by using the Methylumi package in R software. RNA was isolated for sequencing, and differentially expressed genes were determined by NOISeq R package. Our results show that GBM CSCs are more vulnerable to both TMZ and IR treatment than the isogenic SDCs. Transcriptome profiling show that IR leads to increase in p53 mediated expression of pro-apoptotic genes such as MDM2, PUMA and BCL2 binding protein relative to control in CSCs. In differentiated cells, IR lead to an increase in WNT signaling, DNA-repair activity and histone modification /remodeling proteins. Enrichment analysis using Fisher’s exact test identified significant enrichment in lipid, fatty acid and metabolic processes as well as receptor tyrosine signaling. Globally, CSCs exhibited a decrease in protein coding genes and increase in regulatory RNA expression. DNA methylation show a global increase in CpG promoter methylation in differentiated cells relative to isogenic stem-like counterparts. We recovered significant differentially methylated probes between treatment groups (Wilcoxon signed rank test) as well as a global increase in CpG promoter methylation in IR treated cells relative to control. These findings underscore the challenge of treating a highly heterogeneous tumor and challenge a strategy of inducing differentiation to increase GBM sensitivity to treatment. Citation Format: Oluwademilade Nuga, Ana deCarvalho, Douglas Ruden, Stephen Brown, Indrani Datta, Tathianne Malta. The influence of cellular developmental state on response to therapeutics in glioblastoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4742.
Microbial metabolites elicit distinct olfactory and gustatory preferences in bumblebees

Animals such as bumblebees use chemosensory cues to both locate and evaluate essential resources. Increasingly, it is recognized that microbes can alter the quality of foraged resources and produce metabolites that may act as foraging cues. The distinct nature of these chemosensory cues however and their use in animal foraging remain poorly understood. Here, we test the hypothesis that species of nectar-inhabiting microbes differentially influence pollinator attraction and feeding via microbial metabolites produced in nectar. We first examined the electrophysiological potential for bumblebee (Bombus impatiens) antennal olfactory neurons to respond to microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOCs), followed by an olfactory preference test. We also assessed gustatory preferences for microbial-altered nectar through both no-choice and choice feeding assays. Antennal olfactory neurons responded to some mVOCs, and bees preferred nectar solutions inoculated with the bacterium Asaia astilbes over the yeast Metschnikowia reukaufii based on volatiles alone. However, B. impatiens foragers consumed significantly more Metschnikowia-inoculated nectar, suggesting distinct roles for mVOCs and non-volatile metabolites in mediating both attraction and feeding decisions. Collectively, our results suggest that microbial metabolites have significant potential to shape interspecific, plant-pollinator signalling, with consequences for forager learning, economics and floral host reproduction.
Meconium Aspiration Syndrome

Pathophysiology, radiographic features, and treatment of this perinatal problem are discussed.
A cut above the rest: Trimming as a painless depilatory

Shaving and other modes of epilation can cause undue anxiety, pain, or skin irritation in children. Here, we present hair trimming as a safe, painless, and cost-effective alternative for patients with unwanted hair which may be performed indefinitely or until the child is old enough to direct management. In select cases, removing unwanted hair using this technique may facilitate dermatologic surveillance.
Three-dimensional plasmoid-mediated reconnection and the effect of toroidal guide field in simulations of coaxial helicity injection

Physics of three-dimensional plasmoid-mediated magnetic reconnection during transient Coaxial Helicity Injection (CHI) plasma start-up is investigated using nonlinear MHD simulations in a spherical tokamak. We numerically examine (i) the role of three-dimensional magnetic fluctuations arising from current-sheet instabilities on the formation of plasmoid-mediated closed flux surfaces, and (ii) the effect of toroidal guide field on the MHD stability during transient CHI. We find that even in the presence of nonaxisymmetric edge magnetic fluctuations, current-carrying axisymmetric (n = 0) plasmoids are rapidly formed while twisted open field lines are being injected and are merged to form a large current-carrying magnetic bubble for plasma startup in a tokamak. It is also found that the 3-D physics response is drastically different for simulations at a higher toroidal field, and complete stabilization of nonaxisymmetric fluctuations was achieved at a higher toroidal flux.
PUSh: Data Race Detection Based on Hardware-Supported Prevention of Unintended Sharing

Some of the most difficult to find bugs in multi-threaded programs are caused by unintended sharing, leading to data races. The detection of data races can be facilitated by requiring programmers to explicitly specify any intended sharing and then verifying compliance with these intentions. We present a novel dynamic checker based on this approach, called PUSh. PUSh prevents sharing of global objects, unless the program explicitly specifies sharing policies that permit it. The policies are enforced using off-the-shelf hardware mechanisms. Specifically, PUSh uses the conventional MMU and includes a key performance optimization that exploits memory protection keys (MPKs), recently added to the x86 ISA. Objects' sharing policies can be changed dynamically. If these changes are unordered, unordered accesses to shared objects may not be detected. PUSh uses happens-before tracking of the policy changes to verify that they are ordered. We have implemented PUSh for C programs and evaluated it using ten benchmarks with up to 32 threads. PUSh's memory overhead was under 2.4% for eight of the benchmarks; 127% and 260% overhead for the remaining two. PUSh's performance overhead exceeded 18% for only three of the benchmarks, reaching 99% overhead in the worst case.
Bortezomib for the Treatment of Refractory Stiff Person Spectrum Disorder (P2.2-037)

Objective: To report the novel use of bortezomib in refractory stiff person spectrum disorder and discuss the efficacy, treatment protocol and side effects. Background: Stiff Person Syndrome is a disorder characterized by fluctuating muscle rigidity along with spontaneous and stimulus-induced painful spasms. Stiff Person Spectrum Disorder (SPSD) is a term used to describe patients with atypical features of SPS. Treatment can be divided into medications that enhance GABA-related activity and immunotherapy. Various immunotherapies have been tried in the past with little data from randomized control trials. Bortezomib is a proteasome inhibitor that is used in the treatment of multiple myeloma and was used recently in the treatment of refractory NMDA-R encephalitis. Bortezomib decreases both short-lived and long-lived plasma cells which leads to decreased production of circulating antibodies. Possible side effects include neutropenia, anemia, neuropathy, GI upset, LFT derangements, and hypotension. Design/Methods: Review of medical records and literature Results: We report a 58-year-old woman with SPSD with elevated anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody titers in both serum and CSF. Over the course a decade-long disease, the patient suffered from significant disability with axial spasms, stimulus induced spasms and recurrent episodes of vertigo. She failed multiple immunotherapies including plasmapheresis, IVIG, mycophenolate mofetil and rituximab. Given the refractory nature, we chose to use bortezomib as an off-label therapy. Our patient received 5 cycles of subcutaneous bortezomib on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 per cycle followed by a 10-day treatment-free interval. CBC, BMP and LFTs were followed. She developed mild neutropenia after cycle 3 requiring 2-week delay of cycle 4. After treatment completion, she reported improvement with more ability to ambulate and less use of anti-spasmodics. Conclusions: Bortezomib seems to be safe in patients with stiff person spectrum disorder and is a promising therapeutic option for those refractory to other immunotherapies. Disclosure: Dr. Husari has nothing to disclose. Dr. Tardo has nothing to disclose. Dr. Greenberg has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Novartis, Alexion, EMD Serono. Dr. Greenberg has received research support from Chugai, Medimmune, Genentech, MedDay, PCORI, NIH, NMSS and Guthy Jackson Charitable Foundation for NMO.
Solving a Problem is Not Finding a New One: A Reply to Herbert Simon

To point out the variety of dimensions of human thought in no sense implies a “glorification” of non-rational elements. Ignoring them, however, leads to an unrealistic feeling of security about what we do and do not understand. underestimated the inclusiveness of BACON’s rationality. Perhaps elements of affect and motivation are already built into its programs. I am getting this impression from Professor Simon’s description of the heuristics Hans Krebs is said to have employed: (a) “use whatever comparative advantage you have…” (b) “attack a problem…and in the case of Fleming;” (c) “keep alert for phenomena…that violate your expectations.”
Essential Pharmaceutics in the Flipped Classroom

This chapter provides a guide on how to implement a flipped-classroom model into a pharmaceutics course. Course design, daily class organization, strategies for student success, and how to implement prereading materials (specifically this text) are discussed in detail.
Strain Rate Dependence of Stabilized, Nanocrystalline Cu Alloy

The effect of mechanical loading, particularly at dynamic strain rates, on nanocrystalline (NC) materials has eluded researchers owing to the inherent instability of the NC structure. However, a recently developed NC Cu-10 at.%Ta alloy has exhibited an ability to maintain a NC structure at temperatures up to 873 K. Here, NC Cu-10 at.%Ta is tested under compressive strain rates ranging from 10−3 s−1 up to 105 s−1 and at temperatures from 298 K up to 1073 K. Typical materials show a sharp increase in flow stress occurring around 103 s−1 as deformation mechanisms shift away from thermal activation mechanisms; however, at 298 K, NC Cu-10 at.%Ta observes only a limited increase in flow stress indicating that typical thermally activated mechanisms still apply up to strain rates of 105 s−1. Post deformation analyses indicate a shift from nucleation of full dislocations to increased nucleation of partial dislocations at 298 K. However, as temperature increases, thermal activation mechanisms give way to viscous effects and the high density of nucleated full dislocations leads to a dramatic increase in flow stress.
Improve Trust, Increase Loyalty? Analyzing the Relationship Between News Credibility and Consumption

As the news industry continues its ongoing struggle for financial stability, many now believe news publishers must shift from advertising- to audience-supported revenue models to survive. Yet those...
Anticipated use of a supervised drug consumption site among syringe services program clients in King County, Washington: Assessing the role of opioid overdose and injection behavior.

Abstract Background US jurisdictions are considering implementing supervised drug consumption sites (SCSs) to combat the overdose epidemic. No sanctioned SCS exists in the US, but King County, Washington has proposed Community Health Engagement Locations (CHELs), which would include supervised drug consumption. We assessed characteristics of people engaged in syringe services programs (SSPs) who anticipated SCS use. Methods We estimated prevalence of anticipated SCS use in a 2017 cross-sectional sample of King County SSP participants (N = 377). We used Poisson regression with robust standard errors to estimate likelihood of anticipated SCS use by overdose history (experienced, witnessed only, neither), public injection frequency (always, some/most times, never), drug use behaviors, and sociodemographic characteristics. Results The sample was primarily male (66.8 %), white (69.5 %), and averaged 37 years old. Almost two-thirds of participants witnessed or experienced an overdose in the past year (43.2 % witnessed only; 19.6 % experienced overdose). Four in five SSP participants (83.0 %) anticipated any SCS use. Anticipated SCS use was higher among participants who experienced an overdose (risk ratio [RR] = 1.14, 95 % CI = 1.04, 1.24) than those with no overdose experience. In multivariable analyses, anticipated SCS use was higher among people reporting injecting publicly (e.g., always vs. never: aRR = 1.26, 95 % CI = 1.11, 1.43), and lower among people primarily using methamphetamine (aRR = 0.80, 95 % CI = 0.67, 0.96) compared to people primarily using opioids. Conclusions In King County, SCS services would be used by people at high risk of overdose, including SSP participants reporting injecting in public. SCSs could be an important step to promote health and safety across communities.
How do performance gaps shape managerial strategy? The role of sector-differences in U.S. nursing homes

Despite the high volume of literature on managerial strategy, few studies have explored how performance gaps shape managerial strategy, particularly across sectors. Emerging studies indicate that d...
With their children placed in kinship care, did parents get the services they needed?

Abstract This secondary analysis involved exclusively parents with children placed in kinship care by a child welfare agency. It examined associations between parents’ receipt of needed services and 6 sets of variables measuring parents’ needs, access to service providers, social structural factors, demographic factors, family resources, and child welfare interventions experienced. The sample of 731 parents was extracted from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being II. Data were analyzed using generalized least squares random-effects modeling. Analysis showed an association in positive direction between the percentage of needed services parents received and 4 measures: Medicaid coverage, education, case plan’s specification of needed services, and racial/ethnic homogeneity of parent and child welfare caseworker. Association in negative direction was observed between the outcome and unavailability of services, difficulty accessing services, refusal of services, caseworker engagement perceived by parent, and physical maltreatment. Implications of results include the necessity that caseworkers list in case plans the accurately identified needs of parents for services, along with mandates for those services. Implications also include need for adequate training in building caseworker–parent working alliance and need for sustained focus on reunification.