cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preventive Asthma Management in the Pediatric Emergency Department

Background: Poorly controlled asthma leads to emergency department (ED) utilization and significant morbidity and mortality in pediatric patients with asthma. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) reduce asthma exacerbations, ED visits, and oral steroid courses for patients with poorly controlled persistent asthma. Current literature and national guidelines support the initiation of ICS for eligible patients in the ED. Approximately 21% of patients seen in our pediatric ED for asthma are eligible for ICS initiation, and 8% of that population are started on an ICS in the ED. Objective: To increase the proportion of eligible patients with …
Long-Term Discoid Meniscus Arthroscopic Treatment Follow Up Study

Purpose Discoid meniscus is a congenital variant that usually affects the lateral meniscus of the knee. In the past, surgical intervention consisted of total meniscectomy. However, because degenerative changes were noted in total meniscectomy patients, current treatments now focus on rim preservation with arthroscopic saucerization or partial meniscectomy. The purpose of our study was to examine subjective long term outcomes of treating discoid menisci arthroscopically with rim preservation techniques. Methods Ninety-eight patients who were treated arthroscopically for discoid meniscus at our institution 15 or more years ago were …
The Structure of High Technology Global Capitalism

Global capitalism exhibits trans-national production and distribution. Contract law governs all economic activities, crossing national boundaries. Global advanced capitalist nations connect through imperialism to the underdeveloped countries. The giant oligopolistic corporations are controlled by the managers and the stock market financiers. The corporate managers and financiers take huge salaries, bonuses, and stock options developing oligarchic over-influence in the democratic nations. Berle and Means describe this in The Managerial Revolution; and Thorstein Veblen describes it in The Theory of Business Enterprise.
Developmental shift to mitochondrial respiration for energetic support of sustained transmission during maturation at the calyx of Held.

We dissect the role of presynaptic glycolysis versus mitochondrial respiration in supporting high-frequency neurotransmission, by acutely blocking these ATP-generating pathways at a synapse tuned f...
A Duoethnography on Duoethnography: More than a Book Review

Within this duoethnographic book review, we sought to carry out and compose our co-authored review of Norris, Sawyer, and Lund’s (2012) edited text by using the method put forward within its pages. What follows is a duoethnographic book review. Through the processes of jointly reading, note taking, conversing, sharing, and negotiating, we have created a dialogic, multi-vocal, and candid review of this compendium. Throughout our now-public dialogue, readers will gain an understanding of both the book and the method on which it is focused. Completing this review in the fashion we did, we hope, provides readers with the needed information and motivation to indulge in this text’s chapters in the way they see best suited for their purposes. Keywords: Duoethnography, Dialogue, Book Review, Story Telling, Power. As illustrated in the title, what began as a book review ended up being something much more than monovocal writing based on an individual’s critical reading of a specific text. What we have created here is a duoethnography on duoethnography. We started with the intention of producing a co-authored book review: straightforward and simple. But our process negated that original intention. We have created a text in the margins, which cannot be categorized as a book review or a research paper in a traditional sense. This work is a book review-duoethnography hybrid. Or in other words, it is a duoethnographic book review. We will explain. Late this past spring, I (Mandy) received a message from Darren Lund via email
Gauge Fields and Instantons

The Im ℍ-valued 1-form \(\omega = \mathrm{Im}\,(\bar{{q}}^{1}{\mathit{dq}}^{1} +\bar{ {q}}^{2}{\mathit{dq}}^{2})\) will occupy center stage for much of the remainder of our story. We begin by adopting its two most important properties ((5.9.10) and (5.9.11)) as the defining conditions for a connection on a principal bundle.
From Violent Crime to Terrorism: The Changing Basis of the Federal, State and Local Law Enforcement Dynamic

Two lines of questions dominate discussions about how the nation ought to respond at home to the new (or rather newly perceived) terrorist threat: How do we ensure that information about potential terrorist activities is effectively gathered, shared, and used? And how do we ensure that the Government neither abuses the investigative authority we give it, nor demands more authority than it needs? Each line can profitably be pursued in its own terms. Yet to keep the conversations separate is to miss seeing how the very process of creating an effective domestic intelligence network may introduce a salutary level of accountability and balance in the system. The key lies in the relationships among the local, state, and federal units out of which the network must be created, and their organic characteristics. And the seeds of this promising institutional dynamic can be found in the recent history of the interaction among federal, state, and local governments in the policing area. This essay explores that history and its salience to current issues.
Fault dislocation modeled structure of lobate scarps from Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera digital terrain models

[1] Before the launch of the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, known characteristics of lobate scarps on the Moon were limited to studies of only a few dozen scarps revealed in Apollo-era photographs within ~20° of the equator. The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera now provides meter-scale images of more than 100 lobate scarps, as well as stereo-derived topography of about a dozen scarps. High-resolution digital terrain models (DTMs) provide unprecedented insight into scarp morphology and dimensions. Here, we analyze images and DTMs of the Slipher, Racah X-1, Mandel'shtam-1, Feoktistov, Simpelius-1, and Oppenheimer F lobate scarps. Parameters in fault dislocation models are iteratively varied to provide best fits to DTM topographic profiles to test previous interpretations that the observed landforms are the result of shallow, low-angle thrust faults. Results suggest that these faults occur from the surface down to depths of hundreds of meters, have dip angles of 35–40°, and have typical maximum slips of tens of meters. These lunar scarp models are comparable to modeled geometries of lobate scarps on Mercury, Mars, and asteroid 433 Eros, but are shallower and ~10° steeper than geometries determined in studies with limited Apollo-era data. Frictional and rock mass strength criteria constrain the state of global differential stress between 3.5 and 18.6 MPa at the modeled maximum depths of faulting. Our results are consistent with thermal history models that predict relatively small compressional stresses that likely arise from cooling of a magma ocean.
The Risk of Seizure Recurrence After a First Unprovoked Afebrile Seizure in Childhood: An Extended Follow-up

Objective. To assess the long-term recurrence risks after a first unprovoked seizure in childhood. Methods. In a prospective study, 407 children who presented with a first unprovoked seizure were then followed for a mean of 6.3 years from the time of first seizure. Results. One hundred seventy-one children (42%) experienced subsequent seizures. The cumulative risk of seizure recurrence was 29%,37%,42%, and 44% at 1,2,5, and 8 years, respectively. The median time to recurrence was 5.7 months, with 53% of recurrences occurring within 6 months, 69% within 1 year, and 88% within 2 years. Only 5 recurrences (3%) occurred after 5 years. On multivariable analysis, risk factors for seizure recurrence included a remote symptomatic etiology, an abnormal electroencephalogram (EEG), a seizure occurring while asleep, a history of prior febrile seizures, and Todd9s paresis. In cryptogenic cases, the risk factors were an abnormal EEG and an initial seizure during sleep. In remote symptomatic cases, risk factors were a history of prior febrile seizures and age of onset younger than 3 years. Risk factors for late recurrences (after 2 years) were etiology, an abnormal EEG, and prior febrile seizures in the overall group and an abnormal EEG in the cryptogenic group. These are similar to the risk factors for early recurrence. Conclusions. The majority of children with a first unprovoked seizure will not have recurrences. Children with cryptogenic first seizures and a normal EEG whose initial seizure occurs while awake have a particularly favorable prognosis, with a 5-year recurrence risk of only 21%. Late recurrences do occur but are uncommon.
Hyperparameter tuning in bandit-based adaptive operator selection

We are using bandit-based adaptive operator selection while autotuning parallel computer programs. The autotuning, which uses evolutionary algorithm-based stochastic sampling, takes place over an extended duration and occurs in situ as programs execute. The environment or context during tuning is either largely static in one scenario or dynamic in another. We rely upon adaptive operator selection to dynamically generate worthy test configurations of the program. In this paper, we study how the choice of hyperparameters, which control the trade-off between exploration and exploitation, affects the effectiveness of adaptive operator selection which in turn affects the performance of the autotuner. We show that while the optimal assignment of hyperparameters varies greatly between different benchmarks, there exists a single assignment, for a context, of hyperparameters that performs well regardless of the program being tuned.
PRELIMINARY NOTES ON ISLAMIC POLITICAL SPACE: MADINA IN QUR’ANIC DISCOURSE

Is there a particularly Islamic political space? This paper initiates this long-term research project of spatializing early Islamic history, drawing on the Qur’ān’s own spatial discourse. The project seeks to articulate the roles space plays in early Islam’s political project. Within this framework, this paper defends the assertion that early Islam presents socio-political relationships which suggest al-madina –a particular conception of the ‘city’ - as a pivotal locus in this formative political space. Arguments focus on the origins of such a conception in its Meccan Qur’ānic occurrences. Four preliminary features emerge: the madina’s association with Qur’ānic journey- narratives and debates of legitimate authority; its environmental connection to a productive hinter-land; its association with a trans-tribal social structure; and its evocation of a public-sphere. Set against the historical background of late-antiquity in which the first Muslim umma appeared and where concurrently the city, as a social artifact, faced threats of dispersion and irrelevance, these features potentially constitute a program for the emergent umma to salvage urbanity itself. In a later paper, evidence from the Prophet’s acts in al-Madina (Yathrib) and his Companions’ developments of other urban settlements, especially al-Kufa, will be engaged to substantiate the relation between Qur’ānic text and human action. K e y w o r d s : Qur’anic verses, political space, Muslim umma , madina
PARROT NESTING IN SOUTHEASTERN PERU: SEASONAL PATTERNS AND KEYSTONE TREES

Parrots that inhabit tropical lowland forests are difficult to study, are poorly known, and little information is available on their nesting habits, making analysis of community-wide nesting patterns difficult. I present nesting records for 15 species of psittacids that co-occur in southeastern Peru. The psittacid breeding season in this area lasted from June to April, with smaller species nesting earlier than larger species. Why smaller species bred earlier is uncertain, though it may be related to interspecific competition for nest sites or variations in food availability. This study identified two keystone plant resources used by nesting parrots: Dipteryx micrantha (Fabaceae) and Mauritia flexuosa (Arecaceae). Local threats to these plant species are discussed.
The Factor Structure of the System Usability Scale

Since its introduction in 1986, the 10-item System Usability Scale (SUS) has been assumed to be unidimensional. Factor analysis of two independent SUS data sets reveals that the SUS actually has two factors --- Usable (8 items) and Learnable (2 items --- specifically, Items 4 and 10). These new scales have reasonable reliability (coefficient alpha of .91 and .70, respectively). They correlate highly with the overall SUS (r = .985 and .784, respectively) and correlate significantly with one another (r = .664), but at a low enough level to use as separate scales. A sensitivity analysis using data from 19 tests had a significant Test by Scale interaction, providing additional evidence of the differential utility of the new scales. Practitioners can continue to use the current SUS as is, but, at no extra cost, can also take advantage of these new scales to extract additional information from their SUS data. The data support the use of "awkward" rather than "cumbersome" in Item 8.
Verbal coding efficiency, conceptually guided reading, and reading failure

Typically, readers of [1] will have a fairly high expectancy to encounter the word ticket at the end of the second sentence. Similarly, they will have some expectancy concerning the final word of the first sentence. It is likely to be plane, airplane, train, bus, etc. Thus the word that actually occurs (train) is probably not the most predictable word in the text at that point. It is rather one of a set of likely words that can occur. The text example [1] illustrates a fairly obvious point about reading. The identification of words is potentially made easier by comprehension of the previous text, or more generally, by knowledge that is relevant for the content of the text. Since the relevant knowledge can come from the reader's mind, as well as from the text, it is a very general conceptual knowledge that guides reading. In an important sense, then, reading is conceptually guided or "top-down." This conceptual guidance aspect of reading has been strongly emphasized by Goodman (1976) and Smith (1971) and in some theoretical detail by Rumelhart (1977).
Challenges and Rewards Influencing the Neurosurgical Operating Room Team

A consequence of the continuing development of medical and surgical equipment, the evolution of new neurosurgical methods and the refinement of microneurosurgical techniques, are aspects which require our attention, our concentrated effort and our positive attitude.Despite the stress of our multi-tasking environment, rewards and satisfaction can be reaped from our participation in the care of neurosurgical patients.
Implementing a lean enterprise approach to achieve business excellence

In the current global market, it is not enough for an enterprise to just meet the competitive challenge to achieve excellence. Rather, an enterprise (a business unit, corporation, institution or government agency) must transform itself into a lean enterprise. The transformation should occur using a Lean Enterprise Architecture (LEA) that is structured on the life cycle of the enterprise as well as its products and is phased to include a strategic plan, an acquisition and integration plan, an implementation plan and change management. This paper presents a LEA to assist any enterprise in its transformation to being lean.
Amino acid sequence of the phosphorylation site of isocitrate dehydrogenase fromEscherichia coli

InEscherichia coli, NADP+-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.42) may undergo a phosphorylation catalyzed by a cAMP-independent protein kinase, with a concomitant decrease in catalytic activity. In this report, we describe the purification and amino acid sequence of a32P-labeled peptide obtained from in vivo32P-labeled isocitrate dehydrogenase. The32P-labeled peptide was isolated from a tryptic digest and found to contain seven amino acids, including a single serine residue. Following automated Edman degradation and reversephase high-pressure liquid chromatography of the phenylthiohydantoin-amino acids, the sequence of this peptide was established to be-Ser(P)-Leu-Asn-Val-Ala-Leu-Arg.
XAFS Studies of Solution-Phase Complexes of Cesium with Dibenzo-18-crown-6 Ethers

X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) measurements have been made at the Cs LIII absorption edge on (1) 0.04 M acetonitrile solutions with respect to both CsBr and dibenzo-18-crown-6 ether (Cs−D18C6), (2) solids produced by drying the aforementioned Cs−D18C6 solution complex, and (3) crystalline CsBr, CsCl, and CsF powders that were used as standards. XAFS measurements have also been made at the Br K absorption edge on the same 0.04 M solution mentioned above. Due to the many difficulties associated with obtaining high-quality XAFS data on these systems, a custom-manufactured 5-mil-thick Sc foil was used in conjunction with a Soller slit assembly to improve the XAFS signal-to-noise ratio by almost a factor of 6. XAFS analyses of the Cs−D18C6 solution show the presence of a 1:1 Cs−D18C6 complex with a Br contact ion, consistent with previous references derived from 133Cs nuclear magnetic resonance investigations. For interpretation of the Cs LIII edge data, the choice of a Br counterion reduces the error ...
Emotional distress and quality of life in caregivers of patients awaiting lung transplant.

Abstract Objective The aims of this study are to characterize the levels of emotional distress and quality of life among caregivers of lung transplant candidates and to examine the relation of coping styles and perceived caregiver burden to caregivers' self-reported emotional distress. Methods A consecutive series of primary caregivers of potential lung transplant candidates completed a battery of psychosocial measures, including the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire (MCMQ), Scale for Caregiver Burden (SCB), and Medical Outcomes Survey, Short Form-36 (SF-36). Results Only 12 of the 82 caregivers (14.6%) who volunteered for the study reported clinically significant levels of depression (BDI-II ≥14), and only 2 caregivers (2.4%) reported clinically significant levels of anxiety (STAI ≥60). Passive coping strategies were associated with higher levels of emotional distress; specifically, resignation was associated with increased depression ( r =.27, P r =.29, P r =.45, P r =.43, P d =1.16), indicating that caregivers of transplant patients experienced greater impairment in this area. Discussion Although most caregivers of transplant patients do not report significant impairment in functioning, assessing caregivers' coping strategies and caregiving burden may identify those caregivers who experience increased emotional distress.
Reconstructing a doctrine: Galen on apoplexy*

(1994). Reconstructing a doctrine: Galen on apoplexy. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences: Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 85-101.
Geology of the Bailadores, Venezuela, massive sulfide deposit

The Bailadores zinc-lead-copper sulfide deposit, located near the town of Bailadores in the southern Venezuelan Andes, represents a potentially large base metal occurrence. Originally it was perceived as a vein deposit, but the recent recognition of associated siliceous pyroclastic rocks and the stratiform nature of the sulfide mineralization suggest that it is a volcanogenic massive sulfide.The sulfides occur in the lower part of the Upper Paleozoic Mucuchachi Formation along the contact between an underlying basal pyroclastic unit, which unconformably overlies the Precambrian basement rocks, and overlying black phyllite, which is the dominant rock type of the Mucuchachi Formation. The volcanic rocks appear to form a local pile which interfingers with the overlying phyllite along its flanks.Associated with the mineralization are a chloritic quartzite and a chlorite-biotite-margarite schist, both of which are located in the footwall. The chloritic quartzite was possibly originally a pyroclastic rock which has been altered by silicification and sericitization and is similar to chlorite alteration pipes observed, for example, with some Archean massive sulfide deposits. The schist was probably a pelitic sediment, enriched in Mg, Ca, and Fe.The massive sulfide zone consists of sphalerite, pyrrhotite, galena, chalcopyrite, and minor arsenopyrite and pyrite. Gangue minerals include quartz, chlorite, and sericite. Disseminated mineralization associated with the massive sulfide zone includes pyrrhotite-sphalerite-galena with minor chalcopyrite in siliceous phyllitic rocks, usually in the immediate hanging wall or footwall, and pyrrhotite-chalcopyrite with minor sphalerite and galena in the footwall chloritic quartzite. Typical zoning is from lead-zinc in the upper massive zone to copper in the footwall.Rocks in the vicinity of the deposit have been sheared and metamorphosed. The Mucuchachi Formation has undergone general low-grade regional metamorphism, whereas the Bailadores area has been subjected to somewhat higher grade metamorphism with the development of garnet and the formation of pyrrhotite from the pyrite which is more typical regionally.The Bailadores deposit is interpreted to be a stratiform volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit based on the following criteria: (1) Sulfide mineralization is stratigraphically controlled. (2) Alteration within the pyroclastics and stratigraphically below the massive sulfides suggests that mineralization resulted from hydrothermal activity related to late-stage volcanism. (3) Fine interbanding of sulfides and pelitic sediments adjacent to the massive sulfide zone indicates contemporaneous emplacement in a marine environment. (4) Zoning of metals from lead and zinc in the massive hanging-wall zone to copper in the disseminated footwall zone is typical of many deposits of this type.
Doubts about ‘social marketing’

Social marketing is defined as selling a product such as oral rehydration salts or immunization through mass media derived from the practice of marketing commodities in developed countries. It is the opposite of small scale dialogue approaches involving specific local problem-solving. Although many situations can apply social marketing well depending on how the result is evaluated doubts are raised on several issues. Social marketing is focused on a product rather than a process. It works by one-way communication is modeled on the "quick fix" and its product is incapable of being modified by feedback. It has no possibility of tapping skill knowledge or ethnic diversity of local villages or squatter communities. It is targeted at individuals thus it fragments rather than cross-fertilizes small group processes. It reinforces the urban bias that fosters underdevelopment. Social marketing should not be blindly accepted as an imperative pushing other modes of communication aside.
Ultrafast Raman echo experiments in the liquid phase

The Raman echo experiment, which can distinguish homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening of vibrational spectra, is reported for the first time in liquids. The symmetric methyl stretch of acetonitrile, which has been extensively studied with contradictory results, is shown to be homogeneously broadened. The vibration interacts only with rapid collisional motions of the solvent.
Experimental determination of subcriticality at subcritical PWRs in Korea

Abstract A direct subcriticality measurement system (SMS) based on the Feynman-α method has recently been developed by KEPRI. It was applied to six commercial pressurized water reactors in Korea. However, the obtained Feynman curves failed to give proper multiplication factors. The objective of these tests was to investigate the performance of the Feynman method to predict directly the subcriticality of a given subcritical reactor by using the neutron pulse counts only without any reactor perturbation in the large commercial reactors. Recently, two methods developed by Hokkaido University and Westinghouse Electric Corporation. These methods have a defect due to being based on the modified neutron source multiplication method. To overcome this defect and derive operational benefits is necessary to estimate the subcriticality of a subcritical core directly from the neutron pulse counts only. The performance of the developed SMS was verified in the Kyoto University Critical Assembly and applied to eight 1000 MWe Optimized Pressurized Water Reactors (OPR1000) in Korea. The obtained results show that the SMS based on the Feynman method can be a useful tool to estimate the reactivity of a subcritical power reactor. Although the discrimination level of the signal-processing unit in OPR1000 suffers from noise and gamma ray effects, SMS can provide good Feynman curves and effective multiplication factors. However, the SMS has failed to give the reactivity for the entire measured data set. Improving the SMS and investigating the effects of different discriminator level settings at SPU in OPR1000 will be topics for further study.
Reward, affect, and young children's motivational orientation

In this study we examined the proposition that the detrimental effect of reward on young children's intrinsic motivation may be due to increased negative affect associated with performing the target task under expected reward conditions. Fifty-six children were randomly assigned to one of three non-reward mood induction conditions (positive, negative, neutral) or to a reward, neutral mood induction condition. Children then played an attractive game. Subsequent intrinsic interest was measured in a free-choice period in which rewards were neither forthcoming nor expected and children could freely choose to play with the target game or with other toys. It was found that rewards produced a less positive mood state, which subsequently was related to lowered intrinsic interest in the free-choice situation. In general, the results for the reward/neurtral mood condition paralleled those for the non-reward/negative mood condition. It was concluded that instrumental rewards may induce a temporary negative mood state in young children that can undermine intrinsic motivation.
Context of relapse for substance-dependent adults with and without comorbid psychiatric disorders.

Abstract Objective : This study examined the context of initial posttreatment substance use episodes and 1-year treatment outcomes among substance abusers in relation to Axis I psychiatric diagnoses. Method : Of the 210 adults meeting DSM-III-R diagnostic criteria for a substance use disorder (SUD), 102 also met criteria for mood disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), or both (SUD–PSY). Quarterly face-to-face interviews and monthly telephone contacts were conducted following treatment to ascertain outcomes. Results : Antecedents of initial posttreatment substance use differed for SUD adults compared to SUD–PSY. Negative affective states preceded posttreatment use episodes more frequently among SUD–PSY participants. The majority of SUD–PSY adults reported intrapersonal/environmental antecedents whereas the majority of SUD adults reported interpersonal antecedents. Compared to SUD adults without an Axis I disorder, the SUD–PSY group was more likely to resume substance use when alone. Participants drank more than twice as much alcohol when relapsing alone compared to those who resumed use with others. Negative affective state prior to initial use was predictive of more subsequent using days for comorbid adults but not SUD adults. Conclusions : These findings highlight differences in the process of resuming substance use for substance abusers with concomitant psychiatric disorders compared to SUD adults. Treatment implications are discussed.
Modeling Cardiac Action Potential Shortening Driven by Oxidative Stress-Induced Mitochondrial Oscillations in Guinea Pig Cardiomyocytes

Ischemia-induced shortening of the cardiac action potential and its heterogeneous recovery upon reperfusion are thought to set the stage for reentrant arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. We have recently reported that the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) through a mechanism triggered by reactive oxygen species (ROS), coupled to the opening of sarcolemmal ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels, contributes to electrical dysfunction during ischemia-reperfusion. Here we present a computational model of excitation-contraction coupling linked to mitochondrial bioenergetics that incorporates mitochondrial ROS-induced ROS release with coupling between the mitochondrial energy state and electrical excitability mediated by the sarcolemmal KATP current (IK,ATP). Whole-cell model simulations demonstrate that increasing the fraction of oxygen diverted from the respiratory chain to ROS production triggers limit-cycle oscillations of ΔΨm, redox potential, and mitochondrial respiration through the activation of a ROS-sensitive inner membrane anion channel. The periods of transient mitochondrial uncoupling decrease the cytosolic ATP/ADP ratio and activate IK,ATP, consequently shortening the cellular action potential duration and ultimately suppressing electrical excitability. The model simulates emergent behavior observed in cardiomyocytes subjected to metabolic stress and provides a new tool for examining how alterations in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation will impact the electrophysiological, contractile, and Ca2+ handling properties of the cardiac cell. Moreover, the model is an important step toward building multiscale models that will permit investigation of the role of spatiotemporal heterogeneity of mitochondrial metabolism in the mechanisms of arrhythmogenesis and contractile dysfunction in cardiac muscle.
The how and why of branch support and partitioned branch support, with a new index to assess partition incongruence

An introduction and step-by-step guide to the calculation of branch support (BS) and partitioned branch support (PBS) is provided, along with a new summary measure of conflict among data partitions, the partition congruence index (PCI). Patterns of PCI vs. BS are compared for two data matrices from butterflies. PCI is a close mirror of BS unless BY is relatively low and there is a lot of conflict among data partitions, in which case PCI becomes negative. Some theoretical concerns relating to PBS are noted. � The Willi Hennig Society 2006.
Regional teaching improvement programs for community-based teachers

Abstract PURPOSE: Community-based clinical teachers provide an important cadre of faculty for medical education. This study was designed to examine the feasibility and value of an American College of Physicians–sponsored regional teaching improvement program for community-based teachers. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We conducted five regional (Connecticut, New Hampshire/Vermont, New York, Ohio, and Virginia) 1- to 2-day teaching-improvement workshops for 282 faculty (49% community based, 51% university based). The workshops were conducted by regional facilitators trained by the Stanford Faculty Development Program using large group and small group instructional methods to teach participants a framework for analyzing teaching, to increase their repertoire of teaching behaviors, to define personal teaching goals, and to identify the educational needs of their teaching site. Participants used Likert ratings [1 (low) to 5 (high) scale] to assess workshop quality, facilitator effectiveness, and rewards for and barriers to teaching in their clinics. Using retrospective pre- and postintervention ratings, participants also assessed workshop impacts on teacher knowledge, attitudes, and skills. Finally, participants completed open-ended questions to identify recommended changes to improve their clinic as an educational site for students and residents. RESULTS: At all sites, participants evaluated the program as highly useful (4.6 ± 0.6, mean ± SD). Participants' ratings indicated that the program had a positive effect on their knowledge of teaching principles (4.0 ± 0.9), an increase in their teaching ability ( P P CONCLUSIONS: Regional training of university and community faculty can be an effective way of promoting the improvement of teaching and the collaboration between community-based teachers and academic centers. National physician organizations and regionally based facilitators can provide important resources for the delivery of such training.
Failures of Engagement: Lessons Learned from a Citizen Science Pilot Study

Citizen science is growing in popularity, but little research addresses participant learning outcomes. We describe the Chicago Area Pollinator Study (CAPS), which relied on citizen scientists to gather information about urban bee diversity and abundance. Based on pre- and post-CAPS participant surveys, we determined that citizen scientists collected an impressive amount of data and enjoyed the experience but did not achieve the educational goals we hoped for. We detail our failure to effectively engage citizen scientists in the learning process, and we make specific recommendations for creating the types of dynamic and mutually successful projects that scientists and citizens deserve.
Ergodic properties of semi-Markovian operators on the Z1-part

In this note we consider a semi-Markovian operator, that is a positive linear mapping T: L 1 → L 1 such that sup ∥T n ∥ <∞. We study the behavior of T n on the Z 1-part of the space (the “disappearing part” in Sucheston's terminology). We show in particular, that if the operator T has a non-trivial conservative part in Z 1, then the ratio theorem must fail.
Exact and coexact matrices

(1) f: R” + R” is a C” map. Here k is the real numbers R and R is the ring of C” maps from R” to R. (2) f: C” + C” is an analytic map. Here k is the complex numbers C and R is the ring of analytic maps from C” to C. (3) f: k” -+ k” is a polynomial map. Here k is a commutative ring and R is the polynomial ring kc”‘. (4) f:k[["I',k[[nll is a k-algebra homomorphism. Here k is a commutative ring and R is the formal power series ring kccnl’.
THE SELECTIVE TESTICULAR EFFECTS OF CERTAIN BIS-(DICHLOROACETYL) DIAMINES

N,N′-4-Xylylene-bis(N-ethyldichloroacetamide), Compound I,and N,N′-bis (dichloroacetyl)-l,8-octamethylenediamine, Compound II, produced in rats marked testicular weight regression associated with complete arrest of spermatogenesis. Compound II was approximately eight times more active, per mg., than Compound I. At maximal effects the seminiferous tubules consisted merely of a ring of Sertoli cells with spermatogonia interspersed. Leydig cell morphology and androgen production were not altered by antispermatogenic doses of either agent. The weight of the adrenal glands was lowered by high doses of both compounds although the adrenals appeared normal histologically. The plasma corticosterone level of chronically medicated rats was not different from that of control animals. Also, the rise in plasma corticosterone concentration observed two hours after ACTH administration was not altered by prior medication with Compound II. Concurrent injections of 10 r.u. per rat per day of commercial pituitary gonadotroph...
Relationship of Enlightenment to the Cultural Mandate for a Biblical View of Education

The benchmark of success for many Christian schools and for Christian education, in general, is in their public-school counterparts. The very act of comparing to the standards of institutions seen as antithetical to Christianity is a major indicator of the degree to which Christian education has lost sight of its own identity and purpose. One genre of antithetical influences over Christian education is that of Enlightenment-style thinking. After an analysis of this dilemma vis-a-vis the cultural mandate, a list of highly distinctive educational goals inherent to Christian living are recommended.
Services computing as the foundation of enterprise agility: Overview of recent advances and introduction to the special issue

The advancement of web services in the last few years has spurred a number of revolutionary concepts in information technology and management including service-oriented architectures, service-oriented computing, and services science, management and engineering, which can be collectively called as "services computing." Services computing is a new research field that goes beyond traditional computing disciplines as it includes not only architectural, programming, deployment, and other engineering issues, but also management issues such as business component modeling, business process design, and service delivery. In this paper, we provide an overview of emerging research concepts in services computing without attempting to unify them as it will take sometime for the field to become mature. In addition, we take a position that the ultimate goal of services computing is to create the necessary technological and managerial foundation to support enterprise agility. In this short paper, we give an overview of services computing, describe its relationship to enterprise agility, and discuss basic technical and managerial issues. Finally, we introduce the papers that are published in this special issue.
The Role of the Manager in Shaping Customer Contact Employee Perceptions of the Firm's Relationship With Technology: A Conceptual Model

As self-service technology becomes an increasingly important part of the services sector, it is essential that managers understand how to shape employees’ perceptions of technology. This theoretical study draws on the Schramm (1954) communications model along with internal marketing literature to develop a conceptual model that shows the importance of manager perceptions in the formation of a customer-contact employee's perception of the firm's affinity for technology. Additionally, employee perceptions of the technology will also be examined to determine what modifying effect they might have on the link between manager and employee perceptions of the firm's affinity for technology.
Operational characteristics and performance gains associated with international licensing agreements: the US evidence

Abstract Licenses received, licenses given, and cross licenses are strategic responses by firms seeking to exchange proprietary information. This paper provides estimates of the capitalized value of gains associated with both domestic and international licensing agreements between non-affiliated firms, and identifies salient characteristics of firms engaged in licensing. In general, licensing agreements are found to have significantly positive capitalized values, for both domestic and international licensing agreements. We find that larger firms are more likely to receive than to give licenses, and that cross licensing firms enjoy superior profitability compared to firms that receive or give licenses. Also, US firms tend to license foreign partners of similar size and profitability, but with lower levels of research intensity. Higher levels of R&D intensity in the home and host countries and higher profitability levels lead to domestic licensing, while higher levels of firm specific sales and R&D expenses lead to international licensing agreements.
Does non-exercise activity thermogenesis contribute to non-shivering thermogenesis?

We wanted to examine if spontaneous physical activity contributes to non-shivering thermogenesis. Ten lean, healthy male subjects wore a physical activity, micro-measurement system whilst the room temperature was randomly altered at two hourly intervals between thermoneutral (72°F), cool (62°F) and warm (82°F) temperatures. Physical activity measured during the thermoneutral, cooling and warming periods was not significantly different. Cooling, increased EE above basal and thermoneutral values 2061 ± 344 kcal/day (p <0.01). Thus, the increase in energy expenditure associated with short-term environmental cooling in lean, healthy males does not appear to be due to increased spontaneous physical activity or fidgeting.
Probabilistic modeling of systematic errors in two-hybrid experiments.

UNLABELLED We describe a novel probabilistic approach to estimating errors in two-hybrid (2H) experiments. Such experiments are frequently used to elucidate protein-protein interaction networks in a high-throughput fashion; however, a significant challenge with these is their relatively high error rate, specifically, a high false-positive rate. We describe a comprehensive error model for 2H data, accounting for both random and systematic errors. The latter arise from limitations of the 2H experimental protocol: in theory, the reporting mechanism of a 2H experiment should be activated if and only if the two proteins being tested truly interact; in practice, even in the absence of a true interaction, it may be activated by some proteins - either by themselves or through promiscuous interaction with other proteins. We describe a probabilistic relational model that explicitly models the above phenomenon and use Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms to compute both the probability of an observed 2H interaction being true as well as the probability of individual proteins being self-activating/promiscuous. This is the first approach that explicitly models systematic errors in protein-protein interaction data; in contrast, previous work on this topic has modeled errors as being independent and random. By explicitly modeling the sources of noise in 2H systems, we find that we are better able to make use of the available experimental data. In comparison with Bader et al.'s method for estimating confidence in 2H predicted interactions, the proposed method performed 5-10% better overall, and in particular regimes improved prediction accuracy by as much as 76%. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION http://theory.csail.mit.edu/probmod2H
Detection of Myocardial Fiber Disruption in Artificial Lesions With 3D DT-MRI Tract Models

In the United States, it is estimated that in 2008 approximately 1.2 million people will suffer a new or recurrent myocardial infarction. In 2005, the latest full year for which statistics are available, 16 million Americans (7.3% of the population) had some form of coronary heart disease. Loss of myocardium as a result of myocardial infarction increases wall stress locally and globally and triggers adaptive responses at the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels. These adaptive responses can lead to left ventricular dilation and congestive heart failure. Accurate non-invasive evaluation of myocardial structural degeneration (damage) and left ventricular remodeling following an infarct would have both prognostic and therapeutic value clinically.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
The Social Networks of Cocaine Users Seeking Treatment

Research has documented the importance of individuals' social networks in facilitating and inhibiting drug use. Sociological theories of deviance and drug use provide a useful framework for understanding the influence of social networks; however, these theories differ in how they view the nature and relevance of the social relationships of drug users. This article provides a detailed descriptive analysis of cocaine users' social networks. Disaggregating the social networks into members who use or sell cocaine and those who abstain from using illegal substances, we show that the interpersonal relationships of cocaine abusers are complex and only partially consistent with dominant theories of deviance and drug use. These findings are discussed in terms of both theoretical and practical implications.
HIV: cross-talk and viral reservoirs.

Even after intensive antiviral treatment, HIV-1 can lurk in reservoirs in the human body and then reappear. The complex pathways by which the virus creates such reservoirs are only now becoming clear.
Liberating R169 promotes anticoagulant protein C.

In this issue of Blood , Pozzi et al demonstrate that removing an anionic cage promotes exposure of R169 thereby generating a protein C (PC) that is far more readily activated.[1][1] In the future, it may be possible to deliver anticoagulant function at an injury site with less reliance on cofactor
Molecular Cloning of Ebnerin, a von Ebner's Gland Protein Associated with Taste Buds (∗)

Salivary secretions modulate taste perception. Taste buds in the circumvallate and foliate papillae are bathed in secretions of unique lingual salivary glands, von Ebner's glands (VEG). We have identified a rat cDNA encoding a novel protein of 1290 amino acids, Ebnerin, that is specifically expressed in VEG and released onto the tongue surface along the apical region of taste buds in the clefts of circumvallate papillae. Ebnerin possesses a putative single transmembrane domain at the C terminus with 17 amino acids in the cytoplasmic area. The extracellular region of Ebnerin contains a number of repeated domains with homology to the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domain and to a repeated domain of bone morphogenetic protein-I and other related proteins. Western blot analysis reveals that Ebnerin exists in particulate and soluble forms in VEG and is present in secretions from VEG. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry demonstrate that Ebnerin is located in secretory duct epithelial cells of VEG and is released onto the tongue surface along the apical region of taste buds in the clefts of circumvallate papillae. The unique structure and localization of Ebnerin suggest that it may function as a binding protein in saliva for the regulation of taste sensation.
Population Trends of Lygus spp. and Selected Predators in Strip-cut Alfalfa

Population trends of Lygus spp. and 7 common insect predator groups were studied in strip-cut alfalfa during the summer of 1970 at Safford, Ariz. Adults of Lygus spp. and Orius tristicolor (white) consistently migrated to the half-grown alfalfa when the full-grown alfalfa was cut, but adults of Nabis, Collops, Geocoris, Chrysopa , reduviids, and coccinellids did not. Nymphs of Lygus and Orius did not migrate to the half-grown alfalfa when the mature alfalfa was cut, resulting in high nymphal mortality in the cut areas. Possible migration of nymphs and larvae of other predator species occurred but was inconsistent. All species fluctuated in numbers as the season progressed except for adults of Geocoris , which showed only a large early-season fluctuation. Zelus renardii Kolenati, Collops granellus (Fall), Scymnus , and Hyperaspis spp. were also present but mostly in late summer. Orius tristicolor was the most abundant predator, followed by Nabis, Collops, Geocoris, Chrysopa , coccinellids, and reduviids.
Assay of89Sr in plant and soil samples by liquid scintillation counting

The Sr in plant and soil samples is converted to SrCl2 by digestion with HNO3 and HCl. The recovery of this digestion is 90% with a reproducibility of about 4%. SrCl2 is solubilized in toluene by forming a complex with di-n-propyl phosphate (DNP). The DNP-toluene reagent was found to be a highly effective carrier of SrCl2, and to have properties suitable for highly efficient liquid scintillation counting. An efficiency of 95% was obtained for89Sr counting. The factors affecting the utility of the method are discussed.