cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Safety and biocompatibility of injectable vaccine adjuvants composed of thermogelling block copolymer gels

Injectable thermogelling polymers have been recently investigated as novel adjuvants and delivery systems for next generation vaccines. As research into natural and synthetic biocompatible polymers progresses, the safety and biocompatibility of these compounds is of paramount importance. We have developed cationic pentablock copolymer (PBC) vaccine adjuvants based on Pluronic F127, a thermogelling triblock copolymer that has been approved by the FDA for multiple applications, and methacrylated poly(diethyl amino)ethyl methacrylate outer blocks. These novel materials have been demonstrated to effectively create an antigen depot, minimally impact antigen stability, and enhance the immune response to antigens (i.e., adjuvanticity) in mice. In this work, we investigated the safety and biocompatibility of the parent triblock Pluronic gels and the cationic PBC gels in mice. Histological analysis showed no injection site reactions and no damage to the liver or kidneys was observed upon administering the block copolymer formulations. However, the subcutaneous injection of a thermogelling Pluronic solution induced increased levels of lipids in the blood, with no further deleterious effects observed from the addition of the cationic outer blocks. This hyperlipidemia resolved within 30 days after the administration of the Pluronic formulation. To mitigate this adverse effect, the vaccine adjuvant formulations were modified by adding poly(vinyl alcohol), which allowed gelation, while reducing the amount of Pluronic in the formulation. This modified formulation abrogated the observed hyperlipidemia and no adverse effects were observed in the serum through biomarker analysis or at the injection site (i.e., inflammation) in comparison to the responses induced by administration of saline or incomplete Freund's adjuvant. These studies provide a foundation to developing these gels as adjuvants for next generation vaccines. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 1754-1762, 2019.
The mediating effect of well-being between generalized self-efficacy and vocational identity development

This study analyzed the mediating effect of well-being between generalized self-efficacy and vocational identity development in a sample of 724 final year bachelor’s students studying in Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Results from a parallel mediation analysis indicated that generalized self-efficacy was indirectly related to vocational identity development through its relationship with four of the six components of psychological well-being (autonomy, positive relations with others, purpose in life and self-acceptance) as well as the cognitive (life satisfaction) and affective (positive affect and absence of negative affect) components of subjective well-being. The implications of these results for interventions and future research are discussed.
The Myles Brand Franchise

This essay explores Brian O'Nolan's archives and correspondence at the Special Collections and Research Center of Southern Illinois University Carbondale’s Morris Library to cast light on a seldom noted part of the author's output - his attempt to position his Myles na gCopaleen persona as an advertising brand. As Amy Nejezchleb demonstrates in detail, O'Nolan's advertisements and marketing strategies for the Irish Hospital Sweepstakes, as well as other suggestive marketing ploys for Guinness & Co. and other agencies, which date from after he left the civil service and began to write full-time, hint at how O’Nolan sought to shape public thinking while offering his talents for pay.To read the article, click Download or View PDF.
The African COVID-19 anomaly

Despite having all the attributes indicating a much higher expected severity, African countries have surprisingly much fewer cases of sickness and death from coronavirus disease, officially COVID-1...
Interview 14 Michèle Lamont

Profile: Michele Lamont is Professor of Sociology and of African and African American Studies and the Robert I. Goldman Professor of European Studies at Harvard University. Born in Toronto in 1957, Lamont grew up in Quebec.
Remarks on the Burgers Equation

Periodic and aperiodic solutions of the Burgers equation \(u_t + uu_x=\mu u_{xx}, \ \mu > 0,\) are studied in this paper. A harmonic analysis of the solutions is carried out and the form of the spectrum is estimated for large time. Corresponding estimates of energy decay are also made, In Burgers’ work on this equation. the case in which \(\mu \downarrow 0\) with t fixed, and one then lets t→∞, is studied. In our investigation, a fixed value of μ > 0 is taken and then one lets t→∞. A similar analysts is also carried out for an irrotaticnal solulion of a similar 3-dimensionat system of equations. For large time and moderate wavenumbers there is. to the first order. a drift of spectral mass from low wavenumbers to higher wavenumbers. Comments are also made on the asymptotic distribution of a class of random solutions.
Overview of the Zebrafish system

Publisher Summary The consensus of the biologists in attendance at the Third Cold Spring Harbor Conference on Zebrafish Development and Genetics is that the zebrafish has now “arrived” as a viable compelling genetic system for the study of vertebrate development. Novel contributions by the zebrafish system have been made and will continue to be made at an accelerating rate. The zebrafish embryo provides numerous opportunities to examine cellular processes in early development. For example, one can culture cells from embryos in vitro for mechanistic studies of cell signaling pathways, analyze gene, and protein expression in situ , perturb development using physical and chemical treatments or by ectopic expression of dominant negative proteins, and assay lineage commitment by explant assay. The roles of cell movements and the cytoskeleton in embryonic axis formation are particularly amenable to analysis. Given that some of these processes occur prior to the activation of the zygotic genome, maternal-effect mutants may prove to be especially informative in revealing the molecular players.
Two Roads Diverging in a Wood

Abstract In this article, we will present the issues associated widi infidelity and outline the contemporary treatment frameworks around this issue. We will discuss the definitional issues surrounding infidelity, summarize existent typologies, and outline the theories used to conceptualize infidelity. There are also therapeutic issues that should be considered in infidelity cases, such as the role of society in infidelity, multiple dimensions of infidelity, forgiveness, and self-of-the-therapist. Current research is summarized, and a brief overview of Internet infidelity is included.
An investigation of sample bag hydrocarbon emissions and carbon dioxide permeation properties

The equipment for collecting dilute exhaust samples involves the use of bag materials (i.e., Tedlar®) that emit hydrocarbons that contaminate samples. This study identifies a list of materials and tre tments to produce bags that reduce contamination. Based on the average emission rates, baked Tedlar®, Capran® treated with alumina deposition, supercritical CO 2 extracted Kynar® and supercritical CO 2 extracted Teflon NXT are capable of achieving the target hydrocarbon emission rate of less than 15 ppbC per 30 minutes. CO 2 permeation tests were also performed. Tedlar, Capran, Kynar and Teflon NXT showed comparable average permeation rates. Based on the criteria of HC emission performance, changes in measured CO 2 concentration, ease of sealing, and ease of surface treatment, none of the four materials could be distinguished from one another. Additional information from further testing would need to be added to the results of this study in order to choose a single optimum sample bag material for vehicle emission testing.
Rostrocaudal changes in the protein expression of NMDA receptor subunits within the rostral ventrolateral medulla of sedentary and active rats (875.12)

Recently we found enhanced sympathoexcitatory responses to glutamate in the RVLM following sedentary conditions. We have also reported increased dendritic branching in more rostral compared to caud...
CARDIAC DISEASE IN CHILDREN An Epidemiologic Assessment of a Specialty Service as a Basis for Planning

Evaluation of patients newly referred to a pediatric cardiology clinic revealed that approximately twothirds of the children did not have heart disease. Of the other third, those with significant heart disease, 77% had congenital malformations and most were in the first year of life when diagnosed. Those in the first month of life had the highest mortality rate. Among newly referred school-aged children rheumatic heart disease was the major diagnosis. Screening constituted a high proportion of the service9s work load. Pediatricians did not differ significantly from other referral sources in the preselection for referral of cardiac cases. The annual incidence of pediatric heart disease was comparable for different geographic areas surrounding the medical center and for racial groups. However, significant differences were found in the circumstances leading to referral. In disadvantaged black children, referral depended principally on hospital clinics visited for noncardiac illness. White children were predominantly referred in the course of routine examinations performed by pediatricians. The findings reveal a need to plan specialty services in relation to the population base and with consideration of the accessibility and performance of the professionals who will select the patients for referral.
Open Access Publishing and Social Justice: Scranton’s Perspectives

Purpose: To explore The University of Scranton faculty’s perspectives on open access publishing and to determine if open access is a social justice issue. Participants: Full-time faculty and administrators were invited to participate. Method: An anonymous survey was administered to full-time faculty and administrators to determine their knowledge of and perspectives on open access publishing. The study also sought to determine if open access is a social justice issue based on a definitional and descriptive argument. Results: Most faculty feel positively about open access, but they don’t feel compelled to publish in open access journals in part due to how they believe their colleagues perceive open access publications. In addition, many faculty are unsure if open access is a social justice issue. An exploration of the literature and an examination of the mission of the Society of Jesus shows that the development of open access policies at AJCU schools would be beneficial to faculty, the open access movement, and in line with the social justice principles of the Society of Jesus. Conclusions: Open access publishing is a social justice issue that needs to be fostered and encouraged in AJCU schools so that our mission and the goals of open access can work together symbiotically.
The Properties of Bovine Growth Hormone I. BEHAVIOR IN ACID SOLUTION

Abstract 1. The effect of acidification on the fluorescence, absorption, viscosity, sedimentation, optical rotatory dispersion, and polarization of fluorescence of bovine growth hormone has been measured. All the data are consistent with a molecular transition that results in increased unfolding of the hormone as the pH is reduced from 5 to 2. A pK of 3.55 and a hydrogen ion dependence of 1.5 have been determined from the increase in fluorescence that accompanies the molecular transition. 2. Although major changes occur in all the properties studied, the helical content, as determined either from the Moffitt or Schechter-Blout equations, remains the same. Apparently major modifications in tertiary structure can occur independently of those in secondary structure. 3. A second transition in the neutral pH range has been observed by polarization of fluorescence measurements.
European Labor Aristocracies: Trade Unionism, the Hierarchy of Skill, and the Stratification of the Manual Working Class Before the First World War

The notion of a labor aristocracy has been in circulation for more than 150 years. A term of opprobrium and praise in different political circles, it has never been the object of rigorous scrutiny. This study locates the concept within the various strands of class analysis. First, the book uncovers the roots of labor aristocracy in the political and socio-economic conditions prevailing in England in the second quarter of the nineteenth century. Then it shows how this pre-Marxist intellectual background was filtered through the political economy of Marx and Engels. Finally, on the basis of a critical analysis of the immanent contradictions of this dominant Marxist tradition, it undertakes a comprehensive empirical analysis of the numerous indicators of a labor aristocracy in the major industrial societies of Europe before World War I.
Cross-Contamination of Foods and Implications for Food Allergic Patients

Cross-contamination presents a risk of unknown magnitude for food allergic consumers. Published cases likely represent the tip of a rather large iceberg. Cross-contamination can occur in homes, restaurants, food manufacturing plants, and on farms. The frequency of cross-contamination as the cause of accidental exposures to allergenic foods is unknown. Food allergic individuals can react to ingestion of trace levels of the offending food, although a highly variable range of threshold doses exist among populations of food allergic individuals. The magnitude of the risk posed to food allergic consumers by cross-contamination is characterized by the frequency of exposure to cross-contaminated foods, the dose of exposure, and the individual’s threshold dose. The food and food service industry (and food preparers in homes as well) have the responsibility to provide and prepare foods that are safe for food allergic consumers, but quality of life may be improved with the recognition that safe (though very low) thresholds do exist.
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE AND THE DIVERSIFICATION DISCOUNT: EVIDENCE FROM COMMERCIAL BANKING*

We provide evidence on organizational structure and performance at bank holding companies (BHC's). First, we show that a BHC's member banks benefit from access to internal capital markets. Second, we ask if these benefits are best realized within loosely structured, decentralized organizations or more consolidated, centralized firms. We find that BHC's with many subsidiaries are less profitable and have lower q ratios than similar BHC's with fewer subsidiaries. However, because we study multi-unit firms in a single industry, our results suggest that the diversification discount reported in the corporate finance literature reflects not only industry diversification, but also organizational structure.
Viscoelastic Responses of Inorganic-Oranic Hybrids Polymers

The properties of nano-structured plastics are determined by complex relationships between the type and size of the nano-reinforcement, the interface and chemical interaction between the nano-reinforcement and the polymeric chain, along with macroscopic processing and microstructural effects. In this paper we investigated the thermal and viscoelastic property enhancement on crosslinked epoxy using two types of nano-reinforcement, namely organoion exchange clay and polymerizable polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) macromers. Glass transitions of these nano-composites were studied using differential scanning calorimetry. Small strain stress relaxation under uniaxial deformation was examined to provide insights into the timedependent viscoelastic behavior of these nano-composites. Since the size of POSS macromer is comparable to the distance between molecular junctions, hence as we increase the amount of POSS macromers, the glass transition temperature, Tg, as observed by DSC increase. However for epoxy network reinforced with clay, we did not observe any effect on the Tg due to the presence of clay reinforcements. In small strain stress relaxation experiments, both types of reinforcement provided some enhancement in creep resistance, namely the characteristic relaxation time as determined using a stretched exponential relaxation function increased with the addition of reinforcements. However, due to different reinforcement mechanisms, enhancement in the instantaneous modulus was observed for clay-reinforced epoxies, while the instantaneous modulus was not effected in POSS-epoxy nano-composites.
The effect of temperature upon the efficiency of assimilation of preformed water by the desert iguana (Dipsosaurus dorsalis)

1. 1. The apparent efficiency of assimilation of preformed water from both plant and animal diets by the lizard Dipsosaurus dorsalis increased about 10% between 34 and 40 C. 2. 2. This increase parallels the increase in apparent digestibility coefficient of food and probably results from an osmotic balance between chyme and the intracellular fluid of the gut. 3. 3. Desert iguanas are largely subterranean in summer, spending almost 90% of the day in burrows. Under the conditions they encounter there, the increased assimilation of preformed water with increasing body temperature equals the increase in evaporative water loss.
Delta-crystallin synthesis during chick lens differentiation. II. Expression of programmed potential in vitro.

Abstract Presumptive lens forming tissues from early chick embryos ranging from 32 to 48 hr ineubation were tested for their capacity to synthesize delta-crystallin. Delta-crystallin synthesis was identified by pulse labeling with radioactive protein precursor and subjecting to electrophoresis on cellulose acetate membranes. All of these tissues do not show delta-crystallin synthesis if they are pulse labeled immediately after being excised from the embryo. However, if they are cultured for 24–48 hr before pulse labeling, they all show the capacity to synthesize delta-crystallin. Morphological examination of these tissues showed that they had all reached the lens placode stage, and that the placodal cells were in various stages of elongation prior to the formation of lens fiber cells.
Radiation-induced crosslinks between thymine and 2-D-deoxyerythropentose

Abstract Hydroxyl radicals generated by ionizing radiation in aqueous solutions of thymine (Thy) and 2- d -deoxyerythropentose (dR) induce crosslinking between Thy and dR. The crosslinked products were identified by gas chromatography—mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and their yields determined by GC. The mechanisms of their formation are discussed and may serve as a model for radiation-induced or free-radical induced intra-DNA crosslinks.
D.Z. Phillips and his audiences

Dans une premiere partie, l'A. presente les points fondamentaux de la philosophie de D. Z. Phillips en mettant l'accent sur les confusions qui dominent selon Phillips, la plupart des etudes religieuses contemporaines. En second lieu, l'A. analyse quelques uns des problemes qui surgissent de l'idee religieuse de Phillips. Enfin, une analyse rethorique de son public revele l'effet que les differentes audiences ont sur son argumentation et suggere une cause des tensions de sa philosophie. Il devient necessaire pour lui de clarifier le lien entre philosophie, religion et theologie
Reintegration Stress and Family Mental Health: Implications for Therapists Working with Reintegrating Military Families

Military families respond and adjust differently to reintegration stressors with some families coping well with these changes while other families do not. It is important to understand factors that contribute to reintegration stress since reintegration stress can affect their own and their family’s emotional health and well-being for months if not years into the future. This study addresses the factors that contribute to more positive outcomes and reduced reintegration stress, for reintegrating military families. Service members and partners who report the presence of PTSD related symptoms and report their own and their partner’s mental health as low, are more likely to experience more reintegration stress. The results indicate that this model is able to significantly predict variance (32 and 37 %, respectively) in reintegration stress levels. It is important for mental health providers to understand the variation in reintegrating families’ stress levels and coping skills. Employing a systemic approach uniquely positions therapists to more effectively address these issues to help military families develop healthy cohesive family systems.
Arterio-enteric fistula in failed enteric-drained pancreas transplants: an impending danger.

Enteric drainage is the preferred method of exocrine diversion in simultaneous kidney–pancreas transplantation. Because of improvements in immunosuppression, enteric drainage has become the preferred method of pancreas transplantation in general. Although associated with less potential complications than bladder-drained pancreas, potentially lethal arterio-enteric fistulas in the setting of nonfunctioning allografts represent a constant threat. We herein present a case report, a review of the literature, and a call for caution.
A Simplified Model for Flagellar Motion

Many bacteria use long, thin appendages called Flagella to propel them forward. Examples of bacteria which use these are Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. A rotary motor within the cell causes the flagellum to spin, which then propels the bacterium through its fluid environment. This is a complex process, especially for a single-celled organism. In order to better understand how this process works, we have created and tested a model for flagellar motion using springs in different fluids. Quantifying the propulsive force is an important goal, not only for relating it to bacterial motion, but also for potential applications in low gravity environments.
Communicating race and culture in the twenty-first century: discourse and the post-racial/post-cultural challenge

Abstract Following the US presidential race of 2008 which resulted in the election of the nation's first Black president, the media, scholars, and the general public began to describe the US as ‘post-racial.’ This essay considers the ways in which ‘post-racial’ is a euphemism for ‘post-cultural’ within a framework of erasing Black cultural elements of identity, memory, and heritage in order to frame a whitewashed US history that is free to decentralize the legacies of enslavement and inequality. Featuring three communicative artifacts of Afrocentric agency produced during the first decade of the twenty-first century, this essay uses political speeches from Barack Obama and Eric Holder, dramatic texts from August Wilson, and the art of documentary from M.K. Asante, Jr. to counter the myths of post-racialism.
Analysis of round-robin variants: favoring newly arrived jobs

Highly varying job demands generally consist of many short jobs mixed with several long jobs. In principle, without foreknowledge of exact service times of individual jobs, processor sharing is an effective theoretical strategy for handling such demands. In practice, however, processor sharing must be implemented by time-slicing, which incurs non-negligible job switching overhead for small time-slices. A research issue is then how time-slicing performs if large time-slices have to be used. In this paper, we investigate several round-robin variants and the results from Discrete Event Simulation show that, by favoring newly arrived jobs, the performance of round-robin with large time-slices could be better than that of ideal processor sharing. The simple immediate-preemption scheme, which serves the new jobs immediately by preempting the current active job, is shown to further improve the performance of round-robin.
Markov Chain Monte Carlo detection for underwater acoustic channels

In this work, we develop novel statistical detectors to combat intersymbol interference for frequency selective channels based on Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques. While the optimal maximum a posteriori (MAP) detector has a complexity that grows exponentially with the constellation size and the memory of the channel, the MCMC detector can achieve near optimal performance with a complexity that grows linearly. This makes the MCMC detector particularly attractive for underwater acoustic channels with long delay spread. We examine the effectiveness of the MCMC detector using actual data collected from underwater experiments. When combined with adaptive least mean square (LMS) channel estimation, the MCMC detector achieves superior performance over the direct adaptation LMS turbo equalizers (LMS-TEQ) for a majority of data sets transmitted over distances from 60 meters to 1000 meters.
The induction of protein X in DNA repair and cell division mutants of Escherichia coli.

Abstract Certain temperature-sensitive Escherichia coli cell division mutants and DNA repair mutants were treated in several ways to alter DNA synthesis or cell division. The bacteria were pulsed with [35S]methionine; then membrane proteins were prepared and examined using sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide slab gels. Autoradiography was performed on the slab gels so that the rate of synthesis of protein X could be determined by microdensitometry. Several changes in the rate of synthesis of the 40,000 molecular weight protein X were found in the different mutants. The wild-type (rec+ and lex+) strains synthesized protein X in response to DNA synthesis inhibition. However, neither recA− strains nor lex− strains synthesized protein X. Both the filament forming, temperature-sensitive mutants tif− and tsl− (which was derived from lex−) synthesized protein X when DNA synthesis was inhibited, but at rates different from the wild-type strains. Moreover, these strains also produced protein X at their non-permissive temperature, even though DNA synthesis was not inhibited. In the tif− mutant, the rate of synthesis of protein X was influenced by the addition of nucleic acid precursors. A double mutant tsl−recA− produced protein X when DNA synthesis was inhibited, or at the non-permissive temperature (although DNA synthesis was normal). This was the only strain carrying a recA− mutation capable of synthesizing protein X. From these results it is suggested that the genes lex, recA and tif comprise a system that controls DNA repair and limits DNA degradation by the recBC nuclease. The inducer of this control system might be a DNA degradation product.
Dimerization of cobalt-substituted Keggin phosphotungstate, [PW11O39Co(X)]5−, in nonpolar solvents

The tetraheptylammonium (THA) salt of cobalt-substituted polyoxotungstate with Keggin-like structure, (THA)5[PW11O39CoII(X)], was investigated by 31P NMR and UV/VIS spectroscopies in toluene. A solution obtained after transferring PW11Co from aqueous solution into toluene, using THABr as a transfer agent, and rigorous drying, gives multiple peaks in the 31P NMR spectrum. The spectrum in dry toluene significantly simplifies, after extracting a hexane solution several times with water, which removes simple inorganic ions. However, even the dry toluene solution after purification has 31P NMR and UV/VIS spectra which cannot be explained using the known equilibrium between (THA)5[PW11O39Co(H2O)] and (THA)5[PW11O39Co(__)]. Both 31P NMR and UV/VIS spectroscopies indicate the existence of dimers in dry toluene solutions, (THA)10[(PW11O39Co)2]. Pure (THA)5[PW11O39Co(_)] with five-coordinate cobalt can, however, be obtained in dry toluene in the presence of excess inert salt (high ionic strength conditions). Quantu...
THE EFFECTS OF ALKALI METAL CATIONS AND COMMON ANIONS ON THE FROG SKIN POTENTIAL.

The effects on the potential difference across isolated frog skin (R. catesbeiana, R. pipiens) of changing the ionic composition of the bathing solutions have been examined. Estimates of mean values and precision are presented for the potential changes produced by substituting other alkali metal cations for Na at the outside border and for K at the inside border. In terms of ability to mimic Na at the outside border of bullfrog skin, the selectivity order is Li > Rb, K, Cs; at the outside border of leopard frog skin, Li > Cs, K, Rb. In terms of ability to mimic K at the inside border of bullfrog and leopard frog skin: Rb > Cs > Li > Na. Orders of anion selectivity in terms of sensitivity of the potential for the outside border of bullfrog skin are Br > Cl > NO3 > I > SO4, isethionate and of leopard frog skin are Br, Cl > I, NO3, SO4. An effect of the solution composition (ionic strength?) on the apparent Na-K selectivity of the outside border is described. The results of the investigation have been interpreted and discussed in terms of the application of the constant field equation to the Koefoed-Johnsen-Ussing frog skin model. These observations may be useful in constructing and testing models of biological ionic selectivity.
Low temperature chemical vapor deposition of nanocrystalline V2O5 thin films

Abstract Spatially uniform, carbon-free thin films of V 2 O 5 were deposited on silicon by chemical vapor deposition using vanadium oxide triisopropoxide and water as gaseous precursors, in the temperature range of 100–300 °C. Films with substantial crystallinity were obtained for deposition temperatures as low as 180 °C. The “neat” chemistry that nominally leaves no fragments of ligand or water in the solid promotes film purity and reduces the deposition temperature needed for crystallization. Such deposition temperatures also open up additional possibilities for using crystalline vanadia on fragile substrates such as polymers for electronics and optical applications.
Performance of Two Egg Collector Designs for Use with Mummichogs

AbstractThe Mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus is a popular marine baitfish in the species’ natural range along the east coast of North America from Florida to the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Interest in commercial culture of Mummichogs has grown over the last two decades, but little research has been conducted to examine species-specific culture techniques; thus, Mummichog culture has not advanced. Our objectives were to evaluate the performance of two egg collectors designed to mimic the structures of natural substrates and to maximize labor efficiency. A tray-style collector (TSC) and a disk-style collector (DSC) were both placed in each of six 5,000-L tanks stocked with approximately 700 adult Mummichogs of both sexes. The numbers of eggs collected, fertilized eggs, and viable larvae that hatched as well as the time required to rinse collectors during each biweekly collection were compared between the two designs. Over the 8-week study, there was no significant difference between designs in terms of the number...
Constructing power through law: Private law pluralism and harmonization in the global political economy

ABSTRACT In this paper, I explore two central characteristics of the mobilization of law in the global political economy – the role of legal pluralism and the importance of legal expertise. The interaction of these two factors goes a long way towards explaining the ways in which legal norms, actors, and institutions have been enrolled to construct and organize powerful actors in the global economy. In order to explore these dynamics, the article focuses on the area of private international law and analyzes the ongoing effort to harmonize the legal rules governing secured credit. This case study helps to highlight the connections between legal expertise and projects of political economic power, and to work out a fundamental dynamic generated by legal pluralism – the combination of continued conflicts between powerful actors in a context of shared understandings of the basic rules of the global economic system. I conclude by considering the obstacles presented by these dynamics for projects that aim at harn...
Electrocardiographic changes in pulmonary collapse; artificial and spontaneous left-sided pneumothorax studied by conventional and unipolar methods.

1) Conventional and unipolar limb leads, and CF and unipolar chest lead electrocardiograms, and chest films were taken in four patients with spontaneous left-sided pneumothorax, and in two tuberculous patients in whom therapeutic pneumothorax was planned. In the first group the studies were made during pneumothorax and following the re-expansion of the lung. In the latter group the studies were made before and after institution of pneumothorax. 2) The characteristic electrocardiographic pattern for Leads I, II, III, and the CF precordial leads was repeated in all six cases. This pattern consisted of a small T 1 , a T 3 larger than T 1 , QRS small and inverted (or a QS complex), and low or inverted T waves in the chest leads, the chest lead changes being maximal in the more lateral precordial positions. 3) This previously described pattern can be explained on the basis of the “unipolar” lead findings. The standard limb lead changes are apparently produced by the heart assuming an extremely vertical position in the presence of left pneumothorax. The CP lead abnormalities in the recumbent position are related chiefly to the decreased voltage of the precordial V leads, resulting from the interposition of a non-conductor (air) between the heart and the chest wall. 4) The use of the CP precordial leads in the presence of left-sided pneumothorax might lead to a false electrocardiographic impression of coronary artery disease, or even of old myocardial infarction. In the same situation the V leads (Wilson terminal) show a tracing with a low amplitude but with a more normal contour. This would minimize the likelihood of erroneous interpretation.
INTEGRATION OF THE NORTHERN ETHNIC FRONTIERS IN TANG CHINA

This article investigates how the Tang ruling elite tried to integrate nomadic and other ethnic frontier peoples into the multi-ethnic empire and how effective such efforts were. By examining and analyzing the court debate in 630 on how to resettle the submitting Turks, a set of rewards by the government for incorporating the ethnic elites into the Tang structure, and the “loose-rein area commands and prefectures,” the article argues that Emperor Taizong did not intend assimilation but incorporation of the non-Han into the military in order to build a multi-ethnic empire. Although the rewards aimed at assimilation, the policy also validated ethnic differences. The Tang ethnic inclusion efforts, on the one hand, enhanced the ethnic consciousness of the non-Han peoples and, on the other hand, served the Tang’s political, economic, and military purposes, resulting in a gradual transformation of the non-Han peoples who came to identity with the Tang.
Laser Induced Autofluorescence Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer

AbstractPurpose: We assessed the ability of laser induced autofluorescence to differentiate malignant from nonmalignant bladder lesions.Materials and Methods: We studied 53 patients with bladder cancer undergoing mucosal biopsies or transurethral resection of a bladder tumor. A quartz optical fiber was advanced through the working channel of a cystoscope and placed in gentle contact with the bladder. Tissue fluorescence was excited by 337 nm. light pulses (nitrogen laser). One fiber was used for transmission of the excitation and emission (fluorescence) light. An optical multichannel analyzer system was used to record fluorescence spectra of the sites of interest.Results: We analyzed the fluorescence spectra of 114 bladder areas (1 carcinoma in situ as well as 28 malignant, 35 inflammatory, 7 dysplastic, 1 squamous metaplastic and 42 normal areas). These lesions included 44 difficult to diagnose suspicious tumors (11 malignant and 33 nonmalignant). We developed an algorithm that used the I385:I455 nm. flu...
Patients' and doctors' views on respiratory tract symptoms.

Objective - To explore the views of patients and doctors on respiratory tract symptoms. Design - Transversal survey among patients and general practitioners. Setting - Primary health care and community. Subjects - 51 patients attending a general practitioner, 38 patients in the community, 7 general practitioners. Main outcome measures - Patients' and doctors' views on respiratory tract symptoms and differences between them: agreement with statements rated on a 5-point scale, ranging from "strongly disagree" (1) to "strongly agree" (5). Results - Patients less than doctors endorsed the self-limiting character of cough, sore throat and earache (mean 3.1,3.4 and 2.9 versus 4.1,4.1 and 3.7) and patients - much more than doctors - rated antibiotics as being necessary for cough and sore throat (mean 2.7 and 2.9 versus 1.7 and 17) and believed that antibiotics speed recovery (mean 3.7 versus 2.0). However, there was little difference relating to the necessity to see a doctor after some time period. Conclusion - ...
Frontonasal dysplasia in 3H1 Br/Br mice

The adult Brachyrrhine (3H1 Br/+) mouse displays severe midfacial retrognathia, with a "pugnose" external appearance, but information concerning craniofacial morphology of the homozygote (3H1 Br/Br) mutant is lacking. This study characterized craniofacial phenotype and genotypic features of the homozygous condition. Segregation analysis was performed by phenotypic scoring of offspring from 3H1 Br/+ reciprocal matings. Whole-mount staining was undertaken to determine the presence or absence of cranial base structures in newborn and adult mice, while features of cranial base chondrification were examined using light microscopy and type II collagen immunohistochemistry. Karyotype analysis was performed to determine whether gross chromosomal aberrations were present. Finally, microsatellite mapping analysis was undertaken to provide further resolution of the Br locus. Results showed that Br was inherited as an autosomal semidominant feature. 3H1 Br/Br mice consistently lacked a presphenoid (with its lateral projections, including a preoptic root, postoptic root, and lesser wing). Karyotyping did not reveal major gross aberrations; however, microsatellite analysis localized Br to distal mouse chromosome 17 in the vicinity of D17Mit155. These results indicated that 3H1 Br/Br mice show characteristic features of frontonasal dysplasia, including median facial clefting and bifid cranium, as well sphenoidal malformations. Furthermore, this mutant should serve as a useful model for examining mechanisms of frontonasal dysplasia.
Effects of Gender, Sexual Victimization, and Duration of Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse on Treatment History

Abstract The separate and combined influences of sexual victimization, gender, and the summed duration (years) of alcohol and other drug abuse on treatment history were examined, using regression analyses. Sexual victimization was reported by 6.9% of males and 37.4% of females in treatment for alcohol and other drug abuse. Results indicated that gender and sexual victimization were both linked to the summed years of alcohol and other drug abuse, which was linked to treatment history. Women who had experienced sexual abuse had lengthier and more troubled treatment histories. Implications for treatment are discussed.
Prediction of a Topaz suppressor ribonucleic acid.

Abstract Definite patterns of recognition of synonym codon triplets have been observed for transfer RNA (tRNA). These same patterns should occur in mutant tRNA, which behaves as missense or nonsense suppressor RNA. Thus the codon triplet recognition patterns of suppressor RNA's are predictable and should include several patterns which hav not yet been discovered. The name Topaz is proposed for one of these, the suppressor which places tyrosine at the nonsense triplet UAA.
Regulation of TH17 cell differentiation by innate immune signals.

Upon antigen stimulation, naive T helper cells differentiate into distinct lineages to attain specialized properties and effector functions. TH17 cells, a recently identified lineage of CD4+ effector T cells, play a key role in the immune defense against fungi and extracellular bacteria, but also contribute to the pathogenesis of many autoimmune conditions. The differentiation of TH17 cells is orchestrated by an intricate network of signaling pathways and transcriptional regulators in T cells. While the involvement of T cell-intrinsic pathways has been described extensively, we are just beginning to appreciate how TH17 cell development is shaped by extrinsic pathways, especially the innate immune signals. Dendritic cells (DCs), the most important cell type to bridge innate and adaptive immunity, drive TH17 cell differentiation by providing antigenic, costimulatory and cytokine signals. This is mediated by the recognition of innate and inflammatory signals by DCs via pattern recognition receptors, cytokine receptors and other immunomodulatory receptors that in turn activate the intracellular signaling network. In particular, p38α MAP kinase has emerged as a critical pathway to program DC-dependent TH17 cell differentiation by integrating multiple instructive signals in DCs. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the mechanisms by which DC-derived innate immune signals drive TH17 cell differentiation.
011 Polymorphous light eruption (PMLE) in African‐Americans presenting as pinpoint papules

Polymorphous light eruption (PMLE) is the most common chronic idiopathic photodermatosis with a prevalence estimated at 10-20% and a genetic predisposition from 5-45%. It tends to occur in the spring with gradual resolution as summer progresses. Papular eruptions are most commonly seen, however, several morphological variants exist among affected individuals, including vesicular, eczematous and papulovesicular lesions. Lesions are usually monomorphic in a given patient. We present nine African-American female patients in whom PMLE manifests as a pinpoint papular variant, which has not been commonly described previously. Of the four patients who were phototested, one had an abnormal UVA MED result of 12 J/cm2. Histopathologic findings revealed perivascular and focal lichenoid lymphohistiocytic infiltrate with papillary dermal hemorrhage in all biopsy specimens.
Rituximab mediates loss of CD19 on B cells in the absence of cell death

Objective To evaluate loss of the B cell–specific marker CD19 after the addition of rituximab (RTX) to healthy donor blood and to determine the role of complement-mediated cytotoxicity in these cells. Methods Whole blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors were evaluated for the loss of CD19 in the presence of RTX using flow cytometry. The effect of complement on CD19 loss was examined using serum-free media, C3- and C5-deficient sera, and a C5-blocking antibody. Evidence of B cell death was evaluated by measuring messenger RNA (mRNA) levels as well as by flow cytometry. Transfer of CD19 antigen to monocytes and neutrophils was evaluated by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Results RTX induced a rapid decrease in CD19 count (mean 51%; n = 37) in PBMCs. This reduction occurred in the absence of complement. Despite the decrease in CD19 expression, B cell death did not occur, as evidenced by a lack of change in CD19 or CD20 mRNA levels and a lack of change in CD19 levels determined by intracellular staining and through the use of viability dyes. The CD19 antigen was shown to be transferred to monocytes and neutrophils in an Fc-dependent manner. Conclusion Our findings indicate that the addition of RTX to healthy donor PBMCs in vitro results in complement-independent loss of CD19 without causing B cell death. CD19 is transferred from B cells to monocytes and neutrophils during shaving of the RTX–CD20 complex in an Fc-dependent manner. These data suggest that monitoring the effect of RTX by measuring the CD19+ cell count may be compromised by this activity.
Relaxationsprozesse in optisch angeregten EDA-Komplexen des TCNE

Als qualitatives Kriterium fur die Beteiligung angeregter Zustande von EDA-Komplexen am Desaktivierungsprozes diente in Losung die Loschung der Fluoreszenz aromatischer π-Donatoren durch Tetracyanoathen (TCNE) als Elektronenakzeptor. Auf Grund der energetischen Lage der an der Desaktivierung beteiligten Zustande verlauft dieser Loschprozes in den ausgewahlten TCNE-Donator-Komplexen diffusionskontrolliert. Dabei ist in unpolaren Losungsmitteln bei Sauerstoffanwesenheit keine Phosphoreszenz der Donatoren bzw. ionische Dissoziation der EDA-Komplexe nachweisbar. Wahrend bei 25°C die Desaktivierung des EDA-Anregungszustandes ausschlieslich strahlungslos erfolgt, werden bei–196°C an einigen TCNE-Komplexen die entsprechenden CT-Fluoreszenzen beobachtet. Relaxation Processes in Optically Excited EDA Complexes of TCNE The quenching of fluorescence of aromatic π-donors by TCNE served as an qualitative criterion for the participation of excited states of EDA complexes in deactivation processes in solution. Due to the energetic situation of the states taking part in deactivation the quenching process in the chosen TCNE-donor complexes is controlled by diffusion. In unpolar solvents and in the presence of oxygen phosphorescence of donors and ionic dissociation of EDA complexes was not be observed. While at 25°C the deactivation of the EDA excited states occurs mainly radiationless, the appropriate CT fluorescence emissions at – 196°C are evident.
Three-dimensional shape, deformation, and motion analysis of mitral annuli using transesophageal echocardiographic data

Deformation and motion of the Mitral Annulus (MA) is closely related to the left ventricular function. Measurement and visualization of the characteristic parameters in 3D will help in understanding the relationship. Data for this study was acquired from patients undergoing transesophageal echocardiographic examination with the transducer aligned along the axis roughly perpendicular to the annuli, and rotated automatically to cover 360 degrees. ECG gated images were acquired at 24 angles for each phase of the cardiac cycle. The annuli hinge points were identified from each echo image and the annuli reconstructed. The parameters measured to characterize the annuli were: (1) area of projection, (2) non- planarity, (3) excursion of annulus centroid, (4) change in the annulus orientation. We validated the method using a wire loop shaped in the form of a saddle and a planar rubber ring imaged in a water bath at different orientations. Four MAs were reconstructed using this method. Two were patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and two were patients with normal ventricular function. The change in parameters was measured from systole to diastole. Percentage change in area (29% vs. 16%) and excursion (8 mm vs. 3 mm) were much larger for normals than for patients. While, changes in non-planarity (20%) and orientation (6 deg) were similar. These preliminary results show that MA parameters do reflect the abnormality, and could be used for diagnosis and prognosis of patients with bad ventricles.
Li, K, Rb, Sr, Ba and rare-earth concentrations, and RbSr age of lunar rock 12013

Abstract The light and dark-colored portions of 12013 are characterized by two distinct trace element patterns. The light-colored portions are lower in rare earths, slightly lower in Sr, the same in Li and higher in K, Rb and Ba when compared to the dark-colored portions. The dark material appears to represent a late liquid in the normal igneous differentiation scheme suggested by the other lunar rocks; the light-colored material may have had a more complex history. Comparisons of trace element abundances of Apollo 12 igneous rocks and 12 soil suggest that the dark material of 12013 may constitute an important component of the soil. The best-fit isochron to nine data points yields an Rb-Sr age of 4.1 ± 0.2 by with an initial ratio of 0.704 ± 0.002.