cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Optical quantum nondemolition measurement of a single rare earth ion qubit

Optically-interfaced spins in the solid state are a promising platform for quantum technologies. A crucial component of these systems is high-fidelity, projective measurement of the spin state. Here, we demonstrate single-shot spin readout of a single rare earth ion qubit, Er3+, which is attractive for its telecom-wavelength optical transition and compatibility with silicon nanophotonic circuits. In previous work with laser-cooled atoms and ions, and solid-state defects, spin readout is accomplished using fluorescence on an optical cycling transition; however, Er3+ and other rare earth ions generally lack strong cycling transitions. We demonstrate that modifying the electromagnetic environment around the ion can increase the strength and cyclicity of the optical transition by several orders of magnitude, enabling single-shot quantum nondemolition readout of the ion's spin with 94.6% fidelity. We use this readout to probe coherent dynamics and relaxation of the spin.
Forest health monitoring: national status, trends, and analysis 2020

The annual national report of the Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) program of the Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, presents forest health status and trends from a national or multi-State regional perspective using a variety of sources, introduces new techniques for analyzing forest health data, and summarizes results of recently completed Evaluation Monitoring projects funded through the FHM national program. In this 20th edition in a series of annual reports, national survey data are used to identify recent geographic patterns of insect and disease activity. Satellite data are employed to detect geographic patterns of forest fire occurrence. Recent drought and moisture surplus conditions are compared across the conterminous United States. Data collected by the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program are employed to detect regional differences in tree mortality. Nearly 20 years of FIA coarse woody material (CWM) data are examined across spatial scales to assess change over time in CWM biomass, diameter and decay class, and species composition. Case studies demonstrate the potential of rFIA, an open-source R package developed to improve the accessibility of FIA data and offer enhanced flexibility in estimation strategies, to advance forest health evaluation and monitoring. Six recently completed Evaluation Monitoring projects are summarized, addressing forest health concerns at smaller scales.
The Evaluation of Danofloxacin in the Therapy of Pneumonia Associated With Pasteurella Species in Young Calves

Acute pneumonia is an economically important disease afflicting young cattle world-wide. The disease develops as a complex interaction and the aetiology of any outbreak is often multifactorial (1). Pasteurella spp. are the most important bacteria involved causing fibrinous bronchopneumonia (2, 3), but more frequently they increase the severity of lung lesions inflicted by viruses and/or mycoplasmas. Transport, housing and mixing of animals are management factors contributing to outbreaks of acute pneumonia. This paper summarizes the results of seven studies conducted in Europe in which the efficacy of the fluoroquinolone antimicrobial danofloxacin* against naturally occurring outbreaks of acute pneumonia in calves was evaluated in comparison with trimethoprim/sulpha.
Dismissing the Jury

Why are mixed courts in Norway generally viewed as better equipped than all layperson juries to preside over criminal cases? Why do legal actors feel lay participation in mixed courts should be limited or guided in particular cases, e.g. rape prosecutions? To address these questions, this chapter first offers an overview of the development and transformation of the jury system. It then examines aspects of (now abolished) all-layperson jury trials in Norway that prompted scrutiny of their authority vis a vis professional judges. After examining why the mixed court has been lauded as a fairer alternative to all-layperson juries, the chapter turns to the distinctive challenges posed by rape prosecutions that have led some lawyers and judges to criticize lay interventions in the legal system more generally. It pays particular attention to a high- profile rape prosecution known as Hemsedalsaken as a case that is illustrative of the still-contested place of laypersons in Norway’s criminal justice system. Available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/juries-lay-judges-and-mixed-courts/3995E4A1D8157707CCC70417CFD84987#fndtn-information
Interprofessional Education Curriculum for Medical Assistants in Radiation Oncology: A Single Institution Pilot Program.

Abstract Purpose Medical assistants (MAs) occupy an increasingly prevalent role in the clinical setting. Subspecialized fields such as oncology require specific clinical knowledge; however, MAs have few requirements for continued education. Here we assess the role and effect of a pilot MA Radiation Oncology education curriculum. Methods and Materials A needs assessment survey was conducted and reviewed to develop a comprehensive introductory oncology curriculum. A resident physician-led program was implemented in an academic cancer care center consisting of monthly, 1-hour lectures. Pre- and postlecture surveys were administered to assess learning. Quarterly surveys were conducted over the 20-month curriculum timeframe. Results The needs assessment revealed that there were no pre-existing MA continuing education didactics, but all (100%) MAs surveyed were “very interested” in such a curriculum. Sessions were found to be clear, comprehensive, relevant, and associated with a significant increase in a sense of empowerment (P = .035). Topics in Head and Neck and Breast Cancer showed large improvements in understanding (change in median Likert score of 3-4 points each) whereas topics in Introduction to Oncology and New Patient Consultation showed the smallest change (change 0.5-1). For 20 months, there was a sustained improvement in clinical understanding within and outside the scope of the MA role and an improvement in perceived empathy for patients (from median Likert score 3.5-5). Conclusions Dedicated education programs for MAs show the potential to improve clinical understanding and participation in patient care. Further studies may demonstrate how such programs translate to staff productivity or patient clinical outcomes. Interprofessional education may facilitate collaboration and enhanced clinical workflow.
Molecular Quantum Dynamics: A Quantum Computing Perspective.

ConspectusSimulating molecular dynamics (MD) within a comprehensive quantum framework has been a long-standing challenge in computational chemistry. An exponential scaling of computational cost renders solving the time dependent Schrodinger equation (TDSE) of a molecular Hamiltonian, including both electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom (DOFs), as well as their couplings, infeasible for more than a few DOFs. In the Born-Oppenheimer (BO), or adiabatic, picture, electronic and nuclear parts of the wave function are decoupled and treated separately. Within this framework, the nuclear wave function evolves along potential energy surfaces (PESs) computed as solutions to the electronic Schrodinger equation parametrized in the nuclear DOFs. This approximation, together with increasingly elaborate numerical approaches to solve the nuclear time dependent Schrodinger equation (TDSE), enabled the treatment of up to a few dozens of degrees of freedom (DOFs). However, for particular applications, such as photochemistry, the BO approximation breaks down. In this regime of non-adiabatic dynamics, solving the full molecular problem including electron-nuclear couplings becomes essential, further increasing the complexity of the numerical solution. Although valuable methods such as multiconfigurational time-dependent Hartree (MCTDH) have been proposed for the solution of the coupled electron-nuclear dynamics, they remain hampered by an exponential scaling in the number of nuclear DOFs and by the difficulty of finding universal variational forms.In this Account, we present a perspective on novel quantum computational algorithms, aiming to alleviate the exponential scaling inherent to the simulation of many-body quantum dynamics. In particular, we focus on the derivation and application of quantum algorithms for adiabatic and non-adiabatic quantum dynamics, which include efficient approaches for the calculation of the BO potential energy surfaces (PESs). Thereafter, we study the time-evolution of a model system consisting of two coupled PESs in first and second quantization. In a first application, we discuss a recently introduced quantum algorithm for the evolution of a wavepacket in first quantization and exploit the potential quantum advantage of mapping its spatial grid representation to logarithmically many qubits. For the second demonstration, we move to the second quantization framework and review the scaling properties of two alternative time-evolution algorithms, namely, a variational quantum algorithm (VQA) (based on the McLachlan variational principle) and conventional Trotter-type evolution (based on a Lie-Trotter-Suzuki formula). Both methods clearly demonstrate the potential of quantum algorithms and their favorable scaling compared to the available classical approaches. However, a clear demonstration of quantum advantage in the context of molecular quantum dynamics may require the implementation of these algorithms in fault-tolerant quantum computers, while their application in near-term, noisy quantum devices is still unclear and deserves further investigation.
Proving the Correctness of Multicopter Rotor Fault Detection and Identification Software

Applications for data-driven systems are expected to be correct implementations of the system specifications, but developers usually test against a few indicative scenarios to verify them. In the absence of exhaustive testing, errors may occur in real time scenarios, especially when dealing with large data streams from moving objects like multicopters, vehicles, etc. Model checking techniques also lack scalability and completeness. We present a novel approach based on some existing tools which enables a developer to write high level code directly as system specifications and simultaneously be able to prove the correctness of the generated code. We present a fault detection and identification (FDI) software development approach using declarative programming language: PILOTS. The grammar of PILOTS has been updated to enable easier syntax for threshold validation techniques. The failure detection model is described as high level specifications that the generated code has to adhere to. The complete FDI problem is formally specified using Hoare logic and proven correct using an automated proof assistant: Dafny. A case study of rotor failures in a hexacopter has been used to illustrate the approach and visualize the results.
Microchemical Evolution of Irradiated Additive-Manufactured HT9

Abstract The microstructural responses under 5 MeV Fe2+ single-ion-beam irradiation of three conditions of additive-manufactured (AM) HT9 steel using a powder-based directed energy deposition (DED) technique with and without postbuild heat treatments were investigated. Besides the observed dislocation loop formation and the absence of cavities at the irradiation condition of 50 dpa at 460°C, Ni/Si/Mn-rich precipitates are found to form in all three conditions of AM-HT9, whereas Cu-rich clusters that arise from Cu uptake from the DED process are only observed in the heat-treated conditions, and not in the as-built (ASB) condition. Coprecipitation of the Cu- and Ni/Si/Mn-rich clusters occur near defect sinks such as line dislocations and grain boundaries in the heat-treated AM-HT9. The variation in microchemical evolution can be directly linked to the starting sink strength of the three AM-HT9 conditions, and the ASB condition with higher sink strength suppressed the responses observed in the postbuild heat-treated specimens.
The Relationship of Acromial Architecture to Rotator Cuff Disease

One major factor in the etiology of rotator cuff disorders is the relationship between the acromion and the tendons of the rotator cuff. Any pathologic process that decreases the volume of the subacromial space will lead to impingement and its sequelae. This article focuses on investigations from the clinical and laboratory settings concerning the morphology of the acromion, and its association with rotator cuff pathology is reviewed.
Higher extended technicolor representations and fermion generations

We investigate an idea for explaining fermion generations in which quarks and charged leptons of different generations arise from extended technicolor (ETC) multiplets transforming according to different representations of the ETC gauge group. Two types of models embodying this idea are constructed and analyzed. Although this mechanism would have the potential, a priori, to provide a new type of explanation for the generational hierarchy and to allow a reduction in the value of NETC relative to conventional ETC models, it is disfavored by excessive chiral symmetry, and we show that it is excluded by the fact that in the first type of model the technicolor sector is not asymptotically free, while the second type of model predicts fermions with exotic quantum numbers that are not observed.
A drift/diffusion conduction model for flow electrification of turbulent liquid dielectrics

A drift/diffusion flow electrification model is developed for bipolar conduction in a turbulent liquid dielectric between rotating concentric cylindrical electrodes with open-circuited, short-circuited, or DC voltage energized electrodes. Experimental data are used to estimate model parameters such as the density of each charge carrier at the electrode walls and the mobility ratio of the charge carriers. Typical experimental measurements indicate wall charge densities much larger than the equilibrium charge densities of each carrier, invalidating a quasiequilibrium ohmic conductivity model as the local conductivity near the wall is enhanced over the equilibrium conductivity. Specific electrode wall charge densities are found which yield near self-consistent solutions with measurements of open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, and turbulent core charge densities. Experimental DC voltage excitation across the cylinders is treated in anticipation of future measurements. >
The Ape And The Sushi Master: Cultural Reflections Of A Primatologist

Primatologists Frans de Waal has published a number of books on chimpanzee behaviour, including "Peacemaking Among Primates". In "The Ape and The Sushi Master" the author continues his explorations of human and primate culture in order to arrive at a better understanding of the roots of human behaviour. De Waal's study examines whether animals learn from one another and have what he defines as "culture", or whether their actions are purely based on genetics and instinct.
Tradición y dinámica editorial: hacia una renovadora visión crítica de la obra de Miguel de Cervantes. La labor editorial de la Academia del Hispanismo

Afirmaba Vicente gaos en su ya canonica obra Cervantes. Novelista, dramaturgo, poeta (1979) que el celebre autor barroco es, ante todo, «un proponedor inagotable, y para la comprension de su obra nos brinda toda suerte de pistas: asi las verdaderas como las falsas». Con tal definicion casi podriamos trazar, dentro del inabarcable corpus bibliografico que el conjunto de la obra cervantina ha generado a lo largo de los siglos, una primera y basica distincion: estan quienes han elegido buscar lo «verdadero» cervantino en lo biografico e historiografico, para llegar a los fundamentos de su produccion ficcional; y quienes, por otro lado, han pretendido alcanzar los fundamentos del «ficticio» Cervantes, ahondando en las posibilidades interpretativas de su obra, desde la ficcion que destila su produccion, el conjunto de sus personajes, hasta alcanzar, curiosamente, el grado de «verdad» que persiste y coordina, ideologica y esteticamente, su obra. determinar cual de estos dos senderos es el mas fiable para llegar al pleno entendimiento de la obra cervantina depende, en todo caso, del lector y del critico literario en cuestion, siempre y cuando su voluntad sea la de abordar la figura de Cervantes como personaje historico o la de su obra como hecho historicoliterario en comunion y comunicacion con otras manifestaciones artisticas. Los caminos hermeneuticos son, en todo caso, tan extensos y cuantiosos que hasta nos parece pretencioso querer hacer un breve resumen sobre ello, pero lo que ya nos resulta mas factible es hacer una valoracion mas concreta de cuales son las principales vias por las que discurre la «tradicion cervantista» en la actualidad y que objetivos pretende, partiendo, eso si, de la dualidad que mencionamos lineas atras. Sergio Arlandis*
NEPA at the Limits of Risk Assessment: Whether to Discuss a Potential Terrorist Attack on a Nuclear Power Plant Under the National Environment Policy Act

This Note explores the question of whether to address the environmental impacts of a potential terrorist attack on a nuclear power plant under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit assert that the risk of terrorism is unquantifiable and too remote to warrant consideration under NEPA. In contrast, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit concludes that the risk is foreseeable enough that it cannot be disregarded as a matter of law and that a qualitative discussion of a range of potential impacts is possible. This Note argues that discussion of this risk under NEPA is consistent with the statute, which calls for discussion of both indirect impacts and potentially catastrophic impacts even if they are low probability or uncertain. This Note also argues that some scholarship on risk assessment and risk management, particularly one recent theory of catastrophic risk management, supports regulation of highly uncertain, potentially catastrophic risks, such as terrorism, and discussion of this risk under NEPA is an important step toward ensuring the public that the NRC is seriously addressing it.
ADAPTIVE DESIGN AND THE MULTIPERIOD CONTROL PROBLEM

Publisher Summary This chapter presents answers to the question posed by Anderson and Taylor, who asked whether least squares estimates αi and βi are strongly consistent. It is shown that they are not consistent and it also shown for the least squares certainty equivalence (LSCE) rule that xn does not converge a.s. to θ. The chapter also presents an adaptive choice of the design levels x1 ,x2 ,… very similar to the LSCE rule of Anderson and Taylor. This adaptive design was motivated by applications somewhat different from the econometric problem of multiperiod control. The chapter examines the Bayes solution to the control problem of minimizing in the case of normal errors and known β, where π is a normal prior distribution.
Analysis of Ribbed Plates

Exact deformation solutions are found for rationally based discrete-continuous models of rectangular ribbed plates having simple end supports and flexible side supports. The formulas are valid for general loadings and are improvements over those based on orthotropic plate theory in that the inconsistencies inherent in the use of an equivalent continuum are avoided. The solutions are double Fourier series (infinite with respect to the continuous variable along the rib line and finite with respect to the discrete variable denoting the rib) plus simple corrective terms where required to satisfy special boundary conditions. Fourth order mathematical models are used for a Composite Membrane Analysis and a Non-Composite Flexural Analysis and a general eighth order model is used for Composite Membrane-Flexural Analysis. The major results are numerically illustrated.
Sponsoring mobile data: An economic analysis of the impact on users and content providers

In January 2014, AT&T introduced sponsored data to the U.S. mobile data market, allowing content providers (CPs) to subsidize users' cost of mobile data. As sponsored data gains traction in industry, it is important to understand its implications. This work considers CPs' choice of how much content to sponsor and the implications for users, CPs, and ISPs (Internet service providers). We first formulate a model of user, CP, and ISP interaction for heterogeneous users and CPs and derive their optimal behaviors. We then show that these behaviors can reverse our intuition as to how user demand and utility change with different user and CP characteristics. While all three parties can benefit from sponsored data, we find that sponsorship disproportionately favors less cost-constrained CPs and more cost-constrained users, exacerbating CP inequalities but making user demand more even. We also show that users' utilities increase more than CPs' with sponsored data. We finally illustrate these results in practice through numerical simulations with data from a commercial pricing trial and introduce a framework for CPs to decide which, in addition to how much, content to sponsor.
A novel slope detection technique for robust STTRAM sensing

Spin-Torque-Transfer RAM (STTRAM) is a promising technology for high density on-chip cache due to low standby power and high speed. However, the process variation of magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) and access transistor poses serious challenge to sensing. Nondestructive sensing suffers from reference resistance variation whereas destructive sensing suffers from failures due to unoptimized selection of data and reference currents. We propose a novel slope detection technique to exploit MTJ resistance switching from high to low state using low-overhead sample-and-hold circuit. The proposed sensing technique is destructive in nature and can be combined with double sampling for improved robustness. Simulation results reveal <0.12% failure under process variation using single sampling (at 0.2% area overhead) and <0.08% failures with double sampling (at 0.6% area overhead). The overall sense time is found to be 6.8ns.
Resistance to intravenous immunoglobulin in children with Kawasaki disease.

Objectives To explore the increased incidence of intravenous immunoglobulin- (IVIG) resistance among San Diego County patients with Kawasaki disease (KD) in 2006 and to evaluate a scoring system to predict IVIG-resistant patients with KD. Study design We performed a retrospective review of patients with KD treated within 10 days of fever onset. With multivariate analysis, independent predictors of IVIG-resistance were combined into a scoring system. Results In 2006, 38.3% of patients with KD in San Diego County were IVIG-resistant, a significant increase over previous years. IVIG-resistance was not associated with a particular brand or lot of IVIG. Resistant patients were diagnosed earlier, had higher percent bands, and higher concentrations of C-reactive protein, alanine aminotransferase, and γ-glutamyl transferase. They also had lower platelet counts and age-adjusted hemoglobin concentrations and were more likely to have aneurysms ( P = .0008). A scoring system developed to predict IVIG-resistant patients using illness day, percent bands, γ-glutamyl transferase, and age-adjusted hemoglobin had a sensitivity of 73.3% and specificity of 61.9%. Conclusions An unexplained increase in IVIG-resistance was noted among patients with KD in San Diego County in 2006. Scoring systems based on demographic and laboratory data were insufficiently accurate to be clinically useful in our ethnically diverse population.
Combining active and passive network measurements to build scalable monitoring systems on the grid

Because the network provides the wires that connect a grid, understanding the performance provided by a network is crucial to achieving satisfactory performance from many grid applications. Monitoring the network to predict its performance for applications is an effective solution, but the costs and scalability challenges of actively injecting measurement traffic, as well as the information access and accuracy challenges of using passively collected measurements, complicate the problem of developing a monitoring solution for a global grid. This paper is a preliminary report on the Wren project, which is focused on developing scalable solutions for network performance monitoring. By combining active and passive monitoring techniques, Wren is able to reduce the need for invasive measurements of the network without sacrificing measurement accuracy on either the WAN or LAN levels. Specifically, we present topology-based steering, which dramatically reduces the number of measurements taken for a system by using passively acquired topology and utilization to select the bottleneck links that require active bandwidth probing. Furthermore, by using passive measurements while an application is running and active measurements when none is running, we preserve our ability to offer accurate, timely predictions of network performance, while eliminating additional invasive measurements.
Computable Error Bounds for Direct Solution of Linear Equations

An error analysis of direct methods (i.e., Gaussian elimination or triangular factorization) of solving simultaneous linear algebraic equations is performed in the backward mode, in which the computational errors are expressed as perturbations on the data. Bounds are found for perturbations on the coefficients of the equations, leaving the right-hand sides unchanged. These bounds can be evaluated concurrently with the computation itself, with only a small increase in computing effort. Because they use information obtained during the solution process, these bounds avoid exaggerating the magnitude of the error, and so are also useful as error estimates.
The effects of organic vapor on alkanethiol deposition via dip-pen nanolithography.

Dip-pen nanolithography (DPN) is a scanning probe-based technique that allows for direct delivery of molecules to a range of substrates with sub-50 nm resolution. This study describes the effect of organic solvent vapor on the deposition rate and feature size of nanostructures deposited via DPN. The transport rate of model molecular inks, 1-octadecanethiol, and 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid were examined under atmospheres of ethanol, methanol, hexane, and dichloromethane. In all cases, presence of an organic vapor increased deposition rate and feature size, in some cases by an order of magnitude. This underscores how the environment can be used to regulate molecular transport rates in a DPN experiment. SCANNING 32: 9–14, 2010. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Autologous bone marrow transplantation for refractory or relapsed Hodgkin's disease: The Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center experience using high-dose chemotherapy with or without hyperfractionated accelerated total lymphoid irradiation

Fifty patients with advanced-stage Hodgkin’s disease (HD) who relapsed or failed to respond to multiple regimens of combination chemotherapy were entered onto two autologous bone marrow transplantation (AuBMT) protocols. Twenty-eight patients who did not have prior radiation therapy were treated with protocol A. Protocol A consisted of reinduction with conventional doses of combination chemotherapy followed by boost local-field irradiation to areas of residual disease and hyperfractionated accelerated total lymphoid irradiation (TLI). Chemotherapy consisted of high-dose etoposide (VP-16) and cyclophosphamide followed by infusion of cryopreserved, unpurged autologous bone marrow. Twenty-two patients who have had prior radiation therapy were treated with protocol B. Protocol B consisted of reinduction with conventional doses of chemotherapy followed by involved field radiation therapy (when tolerance to residual disease has not been previously reached). High-dose chemotherapy regimen consisted of cyclophosphamide, carmustine (BCNU), and VP-16 (CBV) followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation.
The general quadratic optimization problem

A principal pivoting algorithm is given for finding local minimizing points for general quadratic minimization problems. The method is a generalization of algorithms of Dantzig, and Van de Panne and Whinston for convex quadratic minimization problems.
Experimental Endocarditis in Calf after Tricuspid Valve Replacement

Abstract A calf model for reproducible, prosthetic tricuspid valve endocarditis was developed using Staphylococcus aureus . The course of late prosthetic valve endocarditis was characterized as a fulminant disease when untreated with antibiotics. The earliest sign of a colonized valve prosthesis was an elevation of body temperature, which correlated with occurrence of positive blood cultures. The dose required to colonize an endothelialized tricuspid prosthetic valve in the calf model was 10 7 to 10 8 S. aureus organisms. In the model for late prosthetic valve endocarditis, silver-allantoin-heparin (SAH) treatment of the prosthetic valve gave no protection from inoculums of 10 8 S. aureus injected 60 days after operation. SAH treatment may be beneficial in early stages of prosthetic valve endocarditis, but this requires further study. Simultaneous cultures from the right atrium, the right ventricle, and the aorta of 2 animals showed that there was a 1,000- to 10,000-fold decrease in the bacterial titers across the combined pulmonary and systemic capillary beds. Bacterial titers drawn from the jugular vein had a 46% false negative result, and positive cultures from the external jugular vein showed only 1.3 S. aureus organisms per milliliter of blood. These bacteriological findings point out the risks of depending on sampling from the peripheral venous system when culturing for right heart endocarditis.
Analysis of Activity Measurement for Accurate Oestrus Detection in Dairy Cattle

Abstract Errors in oestrus detection prevent many dairy farms from attaining their reproduction goals. A data base of animal activity sampled at 1-min intervals has been collected with electronic pedometers and correlated with other indications of oestrus. These data indicate that an activity-based decision of oestrus first occurs in close proximity to the pre-ovulatory surge of luteinizing hormone. The data base is also used to evaluate various comparison procedures for distinguishing between oestrus and dioestrus states. Three newly developed comparison procedures improve the accuracy of activity-based decisions for identifying oestrus and dioestrus periods when compared with commonly referenced procedures in the literature. The new methods (1) compare the current and past activity statistically as two independent treatments, (2) identify oestrus based upon both duration of an elevated activity and increased activity intensity, and (3) replace the averaging function with other digital signal processing techniques. Decisions based upon these procedures correctly identified approximately 70% of the periods of oestrus while accurately classifying 99% of the dioestrus periods.
YANG-MILLS FIELDS ON CYLINDRICAL MANIFOLDS AND HOLOMORPHIC BUNDLES I

We give complex holomorphic descriptions of Yang-Mills instantons on tubular four manifolds with nontrivial circle bundles over Riemann surfaces as section.
Low-Temperature Mapping Predicts Site of Successful Ablation While Minimizing Myocardial Damage

Background Temperatures near 50°C can cause reversible loss of excitability in myocardial cells. Methods and Results Low-temperature, short-duration applications of radiofrequency energy were used to determine the adequacy of electrophysiological mapping of accessory pathway (AP) locations in 15 patients at 27 target sites using a closed-loop, temperature-controlled generator set to 50°C. Energy was delivered until evidence of conduction block, or for a maximum of 10 seconds. If AP block occurred, a full 70°C set point radiofrequency application was delivered to the same site. In the absence of AP block, tests with higher temperature settings (60°C and 70°C) were delivered to determine if inadequate temperature or catheter position led to failure of the initial 50°C test. At 15 successful target sites where permanent AP block was achieved, the 50°C test resulted in AP block in 14 (93%). Conduction returned in 13 of 14 APs after radiofrequency power was turned off. The time to block for the 70°C applications was significantly shorter than for the 50°C tests, and the peak temperature achieved was significantly higher. At unsuccessful sites where permanent AP block was not achieved, no block was induced with 11 of 12 tests at 50°C, 6 of 6 tests at 60°C, and 1 of 2 tests at 70°C, suggesting that failure was due to incorrect catheter position. The sensitivity and positive predictive values of a 50°C test identifying a successful site were >90%. Conclusions Low-temperature radiofrequency applications that cause transient AP block predict permanent success when a higher-temperature application is delivered at the same site. The time to achieve conduction block is a function of the temperature set point, and low-temperature tests produce reversible conduction block, suggesting minimal permanent injury.
Pheromone-modulated behavioral suites influence colony growth in the honey bee (Apis mellifera)

The success of a species depends on its ability to assess its environment and to decide accordingly which behaviors are most appropriate. Many animal species, from bacteria to mammals, are able to communicate using interspecies chemicals called pheromones. In addition to exerting physiological effects on individuals, for social species, pheromones communicate group social structure. Communication of social structure is important to social insects for the allocation of its working members into coordinated suites of behaviors. We tested effects of long-term treatment with brood pheromone on suites of honey bee brood rearing and foraging behaviors. Pheromone-treated colonies reared significantly greater brood areas and more adults than controls, while amounts of stored pollen and honey remained statistically similar. Brood pheromone increased the number of pollen foragers and the pollen load weights they returned. It appeared that the pheromone-induced increase in pollen intake was directly canalized into more brood rearing. A two-way pheromone priming effect was observed, such that some workers from the same age cohorts showed an increased and extended capacity to rear larvae, while others were recruited at significantly younger ages into pollen-specific foraging. Brood pheromone affected suites of nursing and foraging behaviors allocating worker and pollen resources associated with an important fitness trait, colony growth.
Cardiovocal syndrome after transradial cardiac catheterization: An unusual complication.

In February 2006, a 67-year-old hypertensive and dyslipidemic female was admitted to our cath lab for diagnostic coronary angiography because of effort angina (CCS II) and inducible anterior ischemia at exercise stress radionuclide study (sestamibi). Basal echocardiogram revealed left ventricular hypertrophy with normal systolic function and mild diastolic dysfunction (E/A patternb1). As routine in our cath lab, the procedure was performed via right transradial access. Selective coronary angiography revealed mild atherosclerosis without angiographically significant stenoses, and the ventriculography confirmed the normal echocardiographic pattern. During the diagnostic procedure, because of evident tortuosity of the right subclavian and innominate arteries, a supportive angiographic guide and an accurate manipulation were needed to advance and rotate catheters. Left ventricular catheterization was particular skilful owing to the lack of suitable support to advance the pigtail through the aortic valve. The amount of contrast used was 84 ml (Iomeron 350, Bracco) with a total procedural time of 15 min. Several minutes after the procedure, the patient developed a cardiovocal syndrome with dysphonia, perceived as
Complicated hereditary spastic paraparesis with cerebral white matter lesions

A family is described with 5 males in a single generation affected with a previously undescribed complicated form of hereditary spastic paraparesis (HSP). The disease is characterized by speech difficulties, lower limb spasticity and hyper-reflexia, mental retardation, cerebellar ataxia, and tremor. The disease starts in the first decade of life and progresses for 3 to 6 years before stabilizing. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain demonstrates bilateral posterior periventricular white matter lesions. Visual evoked responses are markedly prolonged, but electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction velocity studies are normal. Three of the 4 living affected members of this pedigree exhibit red-green color vision defects. The presentation of a new complicated hereditary spastic paraparesis syndrome in this pedigree extends our understanding of the variability and heterogenity of this syndrome and suggests an approach for the evaluation of similar families in future genetic studies.
Effects of rangeland aerial application of Sevin-4-Oil® on fish and aquatic invertebrate drift in the Little Missouri River, North Dakota

Carbaryl (1-naphthyl N-methylcarbamate) is a synthetic organic insecticide that is used to control grasshopper infestations on rangeland and cropland throughout the western United States. This research investigated the effects of two rangeland aerial applications of a formulation of carbaryl known as Sevin-4-Oil® on fish and aquatic invertebrates in the Little Missouri River, North Dakota. Pesticide drift was deposited in the Little Missouri River despite a 152 m no-spray buffer zone. Maximum mean carbaryl concentrations during a drought year (1991) and a non-drought year (1993) were 85.1 and 12.6 μg/L, respectively, and occurred within 2 h of application. Aquatic invertebrates were affected by pesticide application during 1991. That year, invertebrate drift at an impact site on day of pesticide application was more variable than at a reference site. Variability was attributed to increased drift of Ephemeroptera within three hours of pesticide application. Simultaneous monitoring of brain acetylcholinesterase activity of flathead chub (Platygobio gracilis) showed that fish were not affected by pesticide application. Similar studies conducted during 1993 gave no indication of adverse effects. Because this was an unreplicated field experiment, arguments for or against causation are presented using rigorous standards of proof based on Koch's postulates, and concordance of laboratory and field data. The results suggest that although pesticide application probably caused an increase in invertebrate drift during 1991, the observed response was not biologically significant because invertebrates were affected to a greater extent by natural events, and a relatively small portion of the Little Missouri River was impacted.
Enhanced harmonic generation from expanding clusters.

We report controlled enhancement of optical third harmonic generation (THG) from hydrodynamically expanding clusters of $\ensuremath{\sim}6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{5}$ noble-gas atoms several hundred femtoseconds following ionization and heating by ultrashort pump pulses. This resonant enhancement is more pronounced for orthogonal than for parallel pump-probe polarizations, a consequence of faster cluster expansion along the pump polarization. Simulations show that the nonlinear susceptibility ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{(3)}$ of the individual clusters and the coherence length of the clustered plasma medium are optimized nearly simultaneously as the clusters expand, and both contribute to the observed THG enhancement. This dual enhancement mechanism may be scalable to relativistic probe intensity and to generation of high-order harmonics in the soft-x-ray regime.
Extraction of bioavailable contaminants from marine sediments: An approach to reducing toxicity using adsorbent parcels

This paper demonstrates an approach to reducing acute toxicity in marine sediments using adsorbent parcels. Acute toxicity tests were carried using the marine amphipod Corophium volutator. Marine sediments were spiked with two know contaminants tributyltin and naphthalene and then treated with adsorbent parcels containing either amberlite XAD4 or activated carbon. Results showed that both types of adsorbent parcels were effective in reducing acute toxicity, not only within spiked sediments containing naphthalene and/or tributyltin, but also in an environmental field samples form an expected contaminated site. Adsorbent parcels such as these could provide a practical approach to remediate areas of contaminated sediment within marine environments. Furthermore adsorbents can be used as an identification tool for problematic contaminants using a toxicity identification evaluation approach.
Influence of composition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a nickel-base superalloy single crystal

The effects of cobalt, tantalum, and tungsten contents on the microstructure and mechanical properties of single crystal Mar-M247 were investigated. Elevated temperature tensile and creep-rupture properties of 001 oriented single crystals were related to microstructural features of the alloys. Substitution of Ni for Co in the high refractory metal alloys increased the lattice mismatch, which was considered to be the cause of the increases in tensile and creep strength. Substitution of Ni for Ta caused large decreases in tensile strength and creep life, consistent with decreases in gamma prime volume fraction, lattice mismatch, and solid solution hardening. Substitution of W for Ta resulted in decreased life at high stresses, which was related to small decreases in mismatch and volume fraction. However, the W substitution resulted in improved life at low stresses, which was related to solid solution strengthening by W.
Why is melanoma so metastatic

Malignant melanoma is one of the most aggressive cancers and can disseminate from a relatively small primary tumor and metastasize to multiple sites, including the lung, liver, brain, bone, and lymph nodes. Elucidating the molecular and genetic changes that take place during the metastatic process has led to a better understanding of why melanoma is so metastatic. Herein, we describe the unique features that distinguish melanoma from other solid tumors and contribute to the malignant phenotype of melanoma cells. For example, although melanoma cells are highly antigenic, they are extremely efficient at evading host immune response. Melanoma cells share numerous cell surface molecules with vascular cells, are highly angiogenic, are mesenchymal in nature, and possess a higher degree of 'stemness' than do other solid tumors. Finally, analysis of melanoma mutations has revealed that the gene expression profile of malignant melanoma is different from that of other cancers. Elucidating these molecular and genetic processes in highly metastatic melanoma can lead to the development of improved treatment and individualized therapy options.
A receptor that is highly specific for extracellular ATP in developing chick skeletal muscle in vitro.

Abstract 1. Extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) activated an early excitatory conductance followed by a late potassium conductance in developing chick skeletal muscle. A series of ATP analogues were tested for their ability to activate these two conductances. All compounds tested were either agonists for both responses or for neither. Furthermore, the potency of agonists was similar for the two responses. 2. The order of potency for agonists was ATP approximately adenosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (ATP-gamma-S) approximately 2-methylthio-ATP (2-CH3S-ATP) greater than 2'-deoxy-ATP approximately 3'-deoxy-ATP greater than adenosine 5'-tetraphosphate (ATP-OPO3) approximately adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP). Many other ATP analogues were not agonists. 3. Activation of the excitatory response did not require divalent cations. Furthermore, the concentration-response relation of the excitatory response was similar when ATP was applied as the free anion of ATP (ATP4-) or complexed with a divalent cation (M.ATP2-). 4. Three antagonists of the ATP response were characterized. 8-Br-ATP was a weak antagonist, while 2',3'-dialdehyde-ATP and DIDS (4,4'-diisocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulphonic acid) were potent irreversible inhibitors. The two conductances were equally affected by these antagonists. 5. These results suggest that both ATP responses are activated through the same receptor type, or two very similar receptors.
An aminoboronic acid derivative inhibits thymopentin metabolism by mucosal membrane aminopeptidases.

Abstract Thymopentin is a pentapeptide with immunomodulatory activity. Transmucosal delivery may offer advantages over other routes, but published data have shown relatively poor efficacy when dosed nasally. Metabolism of thymopentin by the rat nasal mucosa and the effects of an aminoboronic acid aminopeptidase inhibitor, boroleucine, were evaluated. Thymopentin concentrations in a solution perfused through the isolated nasal cavity decayed with a first-order half-life of 12 minutes. Thymopentin was metabolized primarily by aminopeptidases, based on the amount of tetrapeptide metabolite formed. In the presence of boroleucine, at an inhibitor/substrate molar concentration ratio of 0.015 1 , the degradation half-life was prolonged to 37 minutes. Appearance of the tetrapeptide metabolite of aminopeptidases was delayed. Boroleucine and other aminoboronic acid peptidase inhibitors may be useful for improving thymopentin delivery.
Role of Crack Blunting in Ductile Versus Brittle Response of Crystalline Materials

Continuum concepts are used to evaluate the competition between crack advance and dislocation nucleation at the tip of a crack having a finite tip curvature. The analysis reveals that the favorability of crack propagation versus dislocation emission depends upon the bluntness of the crack tip. One implication is that a crack may initially emit dislocations only to reinitiate cleavage upon reaching a sufficiently blunted tip geometry. The present framework is used to classify crystals as intrinsically ductile or brittle in terms of the unstable stacking energy, the surface energy, and the peak cohesive stresses achieved during opening and shear of the atomic planes. [S0031-9007(99)09235-2]
Low-energy electrons in polar cases

Abstract The close-coupling equations describing the scattering of an electron by a rotating dipole are solved numerically for a range of energies and a range of dipole moments. The results show no anomalies in the neighborhood of the critical dipole moment.
Effect of tetrahydrobiopterin on endothelial function in canine middle cerebral arteries.

Tetrahydrobiopterin is an essential cofactor required for activation of NO synthase. However, in intact arteries, the exact role of tetrahydrobiopterin in the regulation of NO synthase activity is not fully understood. The present study was designed to determine the effect of increasing intracellular tetrahydrobiopterin levels on endothelial function in isolated canine middle cerebral arteries. The arterial segments were incubated in MEM for 24 hours at 37°C in the presence or absence of a tetrahydrobiopterin precursor, sepiapterin (10−4 mol/L), and/or superoxide dismutase (150 U/mL). The rings were suspended for isometric tension recording. Tetrahydrobiopterin levels were assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Production of cGMP was measured by radioimmunoassay. Incubation with sepiapterin markedly increased intracellular tetrahydrobiopterin levels. In sepiapterin-treated arteries, endothelium-dependent relaxations to calcium ionophore A23187 and intracellular cGMP levels were significantly r...
No Natives Here: A Focus Group Study of Student Perceptions of Web 2.0 and the Academic Library

This study explores Web 2.0 technologies in an academic library through focus groups with undergraduates at Kent State University. Results reveal that students, despite being heavy users, are less sophisticated and expressive in their use of Web 2.0 than presumed. Students set clear boundaries between educational and social spaces on the Web, and the library may be best served by building Web 2.0 into its site and extending its services into course management systems.