cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3821: A prognostic model of head and neck cancer ties TP53 mutation to 3p loss

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is frequently characterized by aggressive clinical behavior with a propensity for metastasis and recurrence. Current understanding of HNSCC pathogenesis remains limited, and there are few biomarkers that reliably predict patient outcomes such as survival or response to therapy. Here we report a comprehensive analysis of the molecular and clinical features of HNSCC that define patient survival. Building on data and infrastructure established by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we develop an approach that integrates molecular events across multiple tiers of ‘omics data to progressively factor patients into subgroups with the greatest survival differences. We show that in HPV negative patients, the detrimental impact of TP53 mutation occurs only in combination with loss of chromosome 3p, leading to a marked decrease in median survival from >5 years for TP53 mutation only to 1.7 years for both events. Conditioned on TP53/3p, patients are stratified by a hierarchy of events incorporating MUC5B mutation, mir-548k expression, and mutation and expression of Abnormal Spindle Protein (ASPM), while in the absence of the TP53/3p event RAS signaling is an important driver. We also show in HPV positive patients that HPV-mediated inactivation of TP53 acts in synergy with 3p deletion. The major findings are replicated in an independent HNSCC cohort as well as a pan-cancer TCGA cohort of over 3000 patients. Together, the identified markers enable a new multi-tiered molecular classification of HNSCC. Citation Format: Andrew M. Gross, Ryan K. Orosco, John P. Shen, Ann Marie Egloff, Hannah Carter, Matan Hoffree, Michel Choueiri, Charles S. Coffey, Scott M. Lippman, David Neil Hayes, Ezra E. Cohen, Jennifer R. Grandis, Quyen T. Nguyen, Trey Ideker. A prognostic model of head and neck cancer ties TP53 mutation to 3p loss. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3821. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3821
Preliminary thermomechanical treatment of D6AC steel

The effect of preliminary thermomechanical treatment on the strength, elongation, hardness, X-ray line broadening, and prior austenite grain size of D6AC steel has been investigated. In this type of treatment the deformation is performed prior to austenitizing, and rapid rate heating to the austenitizing temperature must be used. The response to preliminary thermomechanical treatment was determined as a function of prior structure, amount of prior deformation, austenitizing temperature and time, preaustenitizing heat treatment, and tempering temperature. Thus far, the yield strength has been increased about 25 pct along with a significant increase in tensile elongation for some tempering temperatures. The tensile strength, however, remains essentially constant. A comparison of the X-ray line broadening and yield strength measurements indicates that these parameters are being influenced by the same structural changes. The results are explained on the basis of a retention of the work hardened structure (introduced during the prior deformation) through the austenite and martensite transformations.
Superantigen enhancement of specific immunity: antibody production and signaling pathways.

Superantigens are microbial proteins that induce massive activation, proliferation, and cytokine production by CD4+ T cells via specific Vβ elements on the TCR. In this study we examine superantigen enhancement of Ag-specific CD4+ T cell activity for humoral B cell responses to T-dependent Ags BSA and HIV gp120 envelope, type I T-independent Ag LPS, and type II T-independent Ag pneumococcal polysaccharides. Injection of BSA followed by a combination of superantigens staphylococcal enterotoxin A and staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) 7 days later enhanced the anti-BSA Ab response in mice ∼4-fold as compared with mice given BSA alone. The anti-gp120 response was enhanced ∼3-fold by superantigens. The type II T-independent Ag pneumococcal polysaccharide response was enhanced ∼2.3-fold by superantigens, whereas no effect was observed on the response to the type I T-independent Ag LPS. The superantigen effect was completely blocked by the CD4+ T cell inhibitory cytokine IL-10. SEB-stimulated human CD4+ T cells were examined to determine the role of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signal transduction pathway in superantigen activation of T cells. Inhibitors of the mitogen pathway of MAP kinase blocked SEB-induced proliferation and IFN-γ production, while an inhibitor of the p38 stress pathway had no effect. Consistent with this, SEB activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase/MAP kinase as well as MAP kinase-interacting kinase, a kinase that phosphorylates eIF4E, which is an important component of the eukaryotic protein synthesis initiation complex. Both kinases were inhibited by IL-10. Thus, superantigens enhance humoral immunity via Ag-specific CD4+ T cells involving the stress-independent pathway of MAP kinase.
Target tracking prediction through group correlation analysis

This paper presents a method for predicting target locations based upon the correlation of movements for targets traveling in groups. The algorithm is designed for incorporating into a modern tracking system as a supplemental module, providing updated estimates of target velocities based upon the results of a correlation analysis. The approach is presented for application is the realm of ground-based tracking systems, although the approach is general and can be applied in any domain where target movements are correlated.
Estrogenic diazenes: heterocyclic non-steroidal estrogens of unusual structure with selectivity for estrogen receptor subtypes.

Abstract Estrogens regulate many biological functions, often acting in a tissue-selective manner. Their tissue-selective action is believed to involve differential estrogen action through the two estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes, ERα and ERβ, as well as differential interaction of the ligand–receptor complexes with promoters and coregulator proteins. In the latter case, selectivity is based on the induction of specific conformations of the ligand–ER complex, conformations that are influenced by the structure of the ligand. Estrogen pharmaceuticals having an ideal balance of tissue-selective activity are being sought for menopausal hormone replacement, breast cancer prevention and therapy, and other actions. To expand on the structural diversity of ER ligands that might show such tissue selectivity, we have prepared a series of diazenes (pyrazines, pyrimidines, and pyridazines) substituted with two to four aryl groups and various short-chain aliphatic substituents. All of the pyrazine and pyrimidines bind to ER, some with high affinity and with a considerable degree of preferential binding to either ERα or ERβ. One pyrimidine and one pyrazine have ERα affinity preferences as high as 23 and 9, respectively, and one pyrimidine has an ERβ affinity preference of 8. The pyridazines, by contrast, are quite polar and have only very low binding affinity for the ER. In cell-based transcription assays, several of the pyrimidines and a pyrazine were found to be considerably more agonistic on ERα than on ERβ. Because these triaryl diazenes have the largest volumes among the ER ligands so far investigated, their high affinity demonstrates the flexibility of the ligand binding pocket of the ERs and its tolerance for large substituents. Thus, these novel heterocyclic ligands expand the repertoire of chemical structures that bind to the estrogen receptor, and they could prove to be useful in elucidating the biological behavior of the two ER subtypes and in forming the basis for new estrogen pharmaceuticals having desirable tissue selectivity.
Coaches are people too: An applied model of stress management for sports coaches

Abstract This paper examines the growing concern over stress among sports coaches. In particular, it provides an applied model of stress management in coaching which explores some of the significant causes of stress and outlines a five-step stress management program designed to address the special needs and concerns of coaches. The model is based on an integration of previous theoretical and empirical research both within and outside of sports. The first step, perceptions of coaching, assists coaches in understanding their perceptions, beliefs, and motivations for coaching. The second step, identification of primary stressors, involves clarifying to coaches their most significant sources of stress. The third step, identification of symptomatology, allows for the specification of the manner in which the stress is manifested in the individual coaches. The fourth step, development of coping skills, provides a structure within which coaches may cope effectively with stresson. Finally, the fifth step, building...
Histologic grade is an independent prognostic factor for survival in non-small cell lung cancer: an analysis of 5018 hospital- and 712 population-based cases.

Objective Our objective was to determine whether histologic grade independently contributes to the prognosis of non–small cell lung cancer. Methods A total of 5018 hospital-based patients diagnosed from 1997 to 2003 and 712 population-based patients diagnosed from 1984 to 2003 were followed up through the end of 2004. The effect of histologic grade on postdiagnosis survival or postresection recurrence was evaluated by Cox proportional hazards models. Relative risks (RR) were estimated by comparing undifferentiated, poorly differentiated, and moderately differentiated carcinoma with well-differentiated carcinoma. Results Histologic grade was significantly associated with survival after adjustment for the effects of age, gender, smoking history, tumor stage, histologic cell type, and treatment modality. Patients with undifferentiated carcinoma had an 80% elevated risk of death (RR = 1.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-2.4) compared with those with well-differentiated carcinoma; 70% and 40% elevated risks were observed for patients with poorly and moderately differentiated carcinoma, respectively (RR, 1.7 [1.5-2.0] and 1.4 [1.2-1.6]). Similar results were observed for 718 incidence cases in which the relative risks were 1.6 (1.1-2.2) and 1.4 (1.0-1.9) for poorly/undifferentiated carcinoma and moderately differentiated carcinoma, respectively. Patients with less-differentiated carcinoma after tumor resection had a higher risk of recurrence, with adjusted hazard ratios of 2.1 (95% CI: 1.4-2.9) and 1.4 (1.0-1.9) for poorly/undifferentiated and moderately differentiated carcinoma compared with well-differentiated carcinoma. Conclusions Histologic grade has significant prognostic value for survival of patients with non–small cell lung cancer. Histologic grade may provide useful information in defining the aggressiveness of tumors and should be considered as an independent factor affecting survival beyond TNM staging.
Measure and Date of Movement on Las Vegas Valley Shear Zone, Clark County, Nevada

Large-scale offsetting, by fracturing and bending of major geologic units, indicates clearly that a fault zone with large right-lateral displacement extends northwest across a pattern of ranges bordering Las Vegas Valley. Evidence indicating the date and measure of the movement is supplied by an unusual sedimentary unit within the Frenchman Mountain block east of Las Vegas. The Thumb Formation, dated isotopically as being Miocene in age (±17 m.y.), contains large landslide masses of brecciated metamorphic and granitic rock. These masses moved southward from an area in which only a thick section of sedimentary strata is now widely exposed. The granite is recognized as part of the distinctive Gold Butte Granite, a conspicuous unit in the South Virgin Mountains near the Nevada-Arizona border. The only present exposures of that unit near the projected location of the shear-zone axis are more than 64 km east-southeast from the landslide masses within the Thumb section. The thick Muddy Creek Formation, the basal part of which is dated as being early Pliocene, was laid down after movement on the shear zone ended.
The madrassa scapegoat

A national security policy focused on madrassas as a principal source of terrorism is misguided. A careful examination of the 79 terrorists responsible for five of the worst anti‐Western terrorist attacks in recent memory reveals that only in rare cases were madrassa graduates involved.
Response of slimy sculpins to predation by juvenile lake trout in Southern Lake Ontario

Abstract Abundance and biomass of slimy sculpin Cottus cognatus declined in Lake Ontario at depths most frequently occupied by juvenile lake trout Salvelinus namaycush (<70 m), but not at greater depths, during 1980–1987. The abundance of juvenile lake trout increased at depths less than 70 m between 1980 and 1987, and slimy sculpin abundance was negatively correlated with lake trout abundance. The size of slimy sculpins caught at depths less than 70 m decreased between 1980 and 1987, fish 50–99 mm becoming less common and fish 100 mm or longer becoming rare. The size of slimy sculpins at depths greater than 70 m did not change, Because slimy sculpins are the principal fish eaten by juvenile lake trout, and because juvenile lake trout were most abundant at depths where the greatest changes in the slimy sculpin population took place, we conclude that juvenile lake trout in Lake Ontario altered the slimy sculpin population. No significant negative correlations were found between abundance of slimy sculpins ...
A model-based systems engineering approach to capturing disaster management systems

The purpose of this paper is to initiate the design of a framework for defining and capturing disaster management systems (DMS). Recognizing the management of disasters as complex adaptive systems (CAS), whose performance cannot be improved through the isolated optimization of their constituents, this paper proposes the adoption of model-based systems engineering (MBSE) to capturing the behavior of such systems, as well as the structure responsible for their behaviors. Using a domain-independent language such as the systems modeling language (SysML) to implement MBSE, the holistic approach proposed here effectively introduces a new paradigm in disaster management studies that is aimed at reducing the aforementioned complexity. By enforcing traceability between the DMS subsystems, and by leveraging artifacts such as viewpoints to develop perspectives that are tailored to specific stakeholders and users, it is anticipated that a MBSE-based holistic approach such as the one presented in this paper will promote proper use of the scientific method for the design, verification, validation and improvement of disaster management systems.
An Investigation of the Reported Discrepancy between the Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Ability and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children--Revised.

Concern generated by results of previously published research led to this replication and comparison study. The purpose was to investigate the validity of the Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities (WJTCA) by analyzing the reported discrepancies between the WJTCA and Wechsler Intelligence Test for Children-Revised (WISC-R). Means and correlations from the performance of normal, learning disabled, and emotionally disturbed children (n=60= on both tests were analyzed. Results attest to the validity of the WJTCA general cognitive ability score and indicate subscale differences between the tests that should be considered interpreting test results.
Quality parental decision making and distress

The purpose of this study was to test three hypotheses in the context of parenting an adolescent: (1) socioeconomic status (SES), parental gender, marital status, and age of parent will be predictors of quality decision-making for parents of adolescents; (2) as predispositional and situational distress increase, quality decision making among these parents will decrease; and (3) predispositional distress will be as strong a predictor for quality decision making as situational distress. The sample included 123 parents of adolescents ages 13 to 19 years. SES was the only significant predictor (11%) for parental decision making; the higher the SES, the more quality in decision making reported. Moderate negative correlations were obtained between predispositional distress and quality decision making and situational distress and quality decision making. Both predispositional distress and situational distress condibuted equally as predictors of quality decision making.
Real-time focal stack compositing for handheld mobile cameras

Extending the depth of field using a single lens camera on a mobile device can be achieved by capturing a set of images each focused at a different depth or focal stack then combine these samples of the focal stack to form a single all-in-focus image or an image refocused at a desired depth of field. Focal stack compositing in real time for a handheld mobile camera has many challenges including capturing, processing power, handshaking, rolling shutter artifacts, occlusion, and lens zoom effect. In this paper, we describe a system for a real time focal stack compositing system for handheld mobile device with an alignment and compositing algorithms. We will also show all-in-focus images captured and processed by a cell phone camera running on Android OS.
Sphincter preservation in rectal cancer

Sphincter preservation is a major goal in the treatment of rectal cancer. For selected patients with T1–2 disease, local excision followed by postoperative combined modality therapy is a reasonable alternative to an abdominoperineal resection. However, for patients with T3 disease, the local recurrence with this approach is approximately 25% and they are treated more effectively with preoperative combined modality therapy. In patients who undergo a prospective clinical assessment and are declared to require an abdominoperineal resection, preoperative radiation therapy, either alone or when combined with chemotherapy, allows approximately 80% to undergo a low anterior resection/coloanal anastomosis. The majority have good-to-excellent sphincter function. These conservative approaches may be an alternative to an abdominoperineal resection in selected patients.
QUICK scheduler a time-saving tool for scheduling class sections

QUICK Scheduler is a web-based application to help students and academic advisors with the scheduling process. At the point where a student knows what courses he or she will take in a given semester, the courses can be put into the scheduler and the scheduler will select sections of the courses that do not conflict with other classes or with other specified activities. The final result is a one-page graphic schedule showing activities the student has entered as well as sleep time, study time, and class times. The students get a visual representation of the time commitment required for the course load they are attempting, and save many hours of looking through the course schedule booklet for class times. The Scheduler is flexible, allowing students to enter section numbers for some courses if desired. The remaining courses will be scheduled around the selected sections. The paper and presentation will describe the application, its success at Texas Tech University over the last six years, and the issues involved in making such an application available. Issues in modifying the application for use at other universities will be discussed, with The University of Texas of the Permian Basin as an example. The issues will include availability, possible stress on the server, security and privacy, and interoperability with other University applications. Using student software development projects for production applications will be addressed. This application was originally written by Texas Tech University graduate students (including the author of this abstract).
Inhibition of ras p21 membrane localization and modulation of protein kinase C isozyme expression during regression of chemical carcinogen–induced murine skin tumors by lovastatin

We investigated the ras p21 membrane localization and the expression and activation of protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes in activated ras oncogene-containing tumors and assessed whether these events were related to tumor growth. We used 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-initiated and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-promoted SENCAR mouse skin tumors, which were shown to contain Ha-ras oncogene activated by point mutation at codon 61, as an in vivo model for these studies. Compared with levels in epidermis, highly elevated levels of membrane-bound Ha-ras p21 were observed in growing tumors, which also showed strong expression and membrane translocation of PKC zeta and beta II and weak expression of PCK alpha. However, when ras p21 membrane localization was blocked in vivo in growing tumors by lovastatin, opposite results were evident. Compared with saline-treated animals, in which tumor growth continued, lovastatin-treated animals had significantly inhibited tumor growth, which led to tumor regression with concomitant inhibition of Ha-ras p21 membrane localization. These regressing tumors from lovastatin-treated animals also showed a decrease in the expression and membrane translocation of PKC zeta and beta II but increased expression of PKC alpha. Taken together, our results indicate that ras p21 membrane localization and the expression and activation of PKC zeta, beta II, and alpha may be the critical events in the regulation of the growth of tumors that contain activated ras oncogenes.
Nussbaum and the Capacities of Animals

Martha Nussbaum’s capabilities approach emphasizes species-specific abilities in grounding our treatment of animals. Though this emphasis provides many action-guiding benefits, it also generates a number of complications. The criticism registered here is that Nussbaum unjustifiably restricts what is allowed into our concept of species norms, the most notable restrictions being placed on latent abilities and those that arise as a result of human intervention. These restrictions run the risk of producing inaccurate or misleading recommendations that fail to correspond to the true needs of animals. Here and throughout the essay the argument draws from the lives of captive apes, especially those with extensive experience with humans. A further criticism is that the normative guidance the capabilities approach does provide is merely at the level of heuristics. Preference testing, it is argued, also uses species norms profitably as a heuristic, but it does so within a much larger and fecund system of assessing an animal’s well-being.
Local tetrahydrobiopterin administration augments reflex cutaneous vasodilation through nitric oxide-dependent mechanisms in aged human skin.

Functional constitutive nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is required for full expression of reflex cutaneous vasodilation that is attenuated in aged skin. Both the essential cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin...
Oscillations in the Thomas-Fermi-Dirac electron density

It is shown that there can be no local maxima (except at nuclei) in the electron density predicted by models, such as the Thomas-Fermi-Dirac theory, which make the electron density a monotonic function of the electrostatic potential.
MICROARCHITECTURE AND ENVELOPE DEVELOPMENT IN DYSMORPHOCOCCUS GLOBOSUS (PHACOTACEAE, CHLOROPHYCEAE)1

The ultrastructure and development of the envelope (lorica) of Dysmorphococcus globosus Bold & Starr are described. This is the first detailed characterization of the envelope of a member of the Phacotaceae. The general ultrastructure and cellular organization of the protoplast are similar to that reported for other volvocalean algae. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed the granular and fibrous components of the immature envelope, the sequential deposition of a mineralized layer, and the presence of perforations in the mineralized layer. Iron is incorporated in the mineralized envelope with 55Fe labeling. Experiments with 59Fe showed an 86% uptake of available iron by cells in culture, with the label localized to the envelope and envelope-associated mucilage. Envelope formation is the result of the following phenomena: i) secretion of an immature envelope consisting of an outer fibrous layer and an inner granular layer; ii) sequential precipitation of a mineralized component in the inner layer, during which time pores are formed as part of the developmental process; iii) exudation of mucilaginous materials through those pores; iv) localized secretion and subsequent retention of the secretory product giving rise to the pebbled nature of the envelope surface. In living cells, the envelope surface is coated with mucilaginous secretory products that obscure the pores, which were previously reported to be lacking in this species. Results of acetolysis on aplanospores suggest the presence of a sporopollenin in D. globosus.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder: subclassification based on co-morbidity.

BackgroundObsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is probably an etiologically heterogeneous condition. Many patients manifest other psychiatric syndromes. This study investigated the relationship between OCD and co-morbid conditions to identify subtypes.MethodSeven hundred and six individuals with OCD were assessed in the OCD Collaborative Genetics Study (OCGS). Multi-level latent class analysis was conducted based on the presence of eight co-morbid psychiatric conditions [generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), major depression, panic disorder (PD), separation anxiety disorder (SAD), tics, mania, somatization disorders (Som) and grooming disorders (GrD)]. The relationship of the derived classes to specific clinical characteristics was investigated.ResultsTwo and three classes of OCD syndromes emerge from the analyses. The two-class solution describes lesser and greater co-morbidity classes and the more descriptive three-class solution is characterized by: (1) an OCD simplex class, in which major depressive disorder (MDD) is the most frequent additional disorder; (2) an OCD co-morbid tic-related class, in which tics are prominent and affective syndromes are considerably rarer; and (3) an OCD co-morbid affective-related class in which PD and affective syndromes are highly represented. The OCD co-morbid tic-related class is predominantly male and characterized by high conscientiousness. The OCD co-morbid affective-related class is predominantly female, has a young age at onset, obsessive–compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) features, high scores on the ‘taboo’ factor of OCD symptoms, and low conscientiousness.ConclusionsOCD can be classified into three classes based on co-morbidity. Membership within a class is differentially associated with other clinical characteristics. These classes, if replicated, should have important implications for research and clinical endeavors.
Displacement reactions of 2-chloro- and 2,9-dichloro-1,10-phenanthroline: synthesis of a sulfur-bridged bis-1,10-phenanthroline macrocycle and a 2,2'-amino-substituted-bis-1,10-phenanthroline

Abstract The synthesis and structural assignments of 9-chloro-1,1-phenanthroline-2(1H)-thione and 1,10-dihydro-1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-dithione have been accomplished. The sulfur-bridged bis-1,10-phenanthroline macrocycle was readily prepared by heating the thione or equimolar amounts of the dithione and 2,9-dichloro-1,10-phenanthroline in diphenyl ether. Displacements of 2-chloro- or 2,9-dichloro-1,10-phenanthroline with N,N-dimethylethylenediamine afforded the corresponding amine and diamino analogues. An amino-substituted-2,2′-bis-1,10-phenanthroline has been prepared.
Modified Sequentially Rejective Multiple Test Procedures

Abstract Suppose that n hypotheses H 1, H 2, …, H n with associated test statistics T 1, T 2, …, T n are to be tested by a procedure with experimentwise significance level (the probability of rejecting one or more true hypotheses) smaller than or equal to some specified value α. A commonly used procedure satisfying this condition is the Bonferroni (B) procedure, which consists of rejecting H i , for any i, iff the associated test statistic T i is significant at the level α′ = α/n. Holm (1979) introduced a modified Bonferroni procedure with greater power than the B procedure. Under Holm's sequentially rejective Bonferroni (SRB) procedure, if any hypothesis is rejected at the level α′ = α/n, the denominator of α′ for the next test is n − 1, and the criterion continues to be modified in a stagewise manner, with the denominator of α′ reduced by 1 each time a hypothesis is rejected, so that tests can be conducted at successively higher significance levels. Holm proved that the experimentwise significance level...
Quantifying socio-environmental impacts of predator control policies

Quantitative indices of the socio-environmental impacts of predator control were derived from a mathematical synthesis of public perceptions and physical measures of environmental change. A nationwide survey of the U.S. public yielded cardinal measures of preference for the acceptability, primary and secondary effects on other wildlife, and cost effectiveness of control policies. To determine the public evaluation of a particular policy, the preference values were used to weight social indicators describing the physical impacts of a policy. Policymakers will be able to use the resulting values to view the tradeoffs between economic and socio-environmental costs and benefits of various policy alternatives.
MINERALOGICAL ANALYSIS OF SUDANESE NEOLITHIC CERAMICS

The archaeologist must often determine if ceramics having similar designs and forms but from widely separated locations were locally made or are the result of diffusion. This paper describes a methodology of technological analysis of ceramics utilised to solve such a problem. Results of a mineralogical analysis of ceramics and a discussion of the cultural implications of the results is presented. It is concluded that this methodology is an essential tool in distinguishing sites and elucidating relationships within the Sudanese Neolithic.
First crystallographic structure of a xylanase from glycoside hydrolase family 5: implications for catalysis.

The room-temperature structure of xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8) from the bacterial plant pathogen Erwinia chrysanthemi expressed in Escherichia coli, a 45 kDa, 413-amino acid protein belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 5, has been determined by multiple isomorphous replacement and refined to a resolution of 1.42 A. This represents the first structure of a xylanase not belonging to either glycoside hydrolase family 10 or family 11. The enzyme is composed of two domains similar to most family 10 xylanases and the α-amylases. The catalytic domain (residues 46−315) has a (β/α)8-barrel motif with a binding cleft along the C-terminal side of the β-barrel. The catalytic residues, Glu165 and Glu253, determined by correspondence to other family 5 and family 10 glycoside hydrolases, lie inside this cleft on the C-terminal ends of β-strands 4 and 7, respectively, with an Oe2···Oe1 distance of 4.22 A. The smaller domain (residues 31−43 and 323−413) has a β9-barrel motif with five of the strands interfacing with α-helices...
High-Frequency Switching of SiC High-Voltage LJFET

In this paper, inductive-load switching of a high-voltage lateral JFET (HV-LJFET) on 4H-SiC is investigated with a monolithically integrated driver and with an external driver for high-frequency, high-temperature applications. A new ldquocapacitor-coupledrdquo gate driver circuitry is proposed and optimized to utilize a standard MOS driver and enable fast switching speed without the need for a negative power supply. Switching times and losses of the silicon carbide (SiC) HV-LJFET are characterized under various driver conditions and device temperatures. The results reveal that the temperature-independent, high switching speed of the SiC LJFET makes it possible to hard-switch at 3 MHz, 200 V, 1.2 A, and 250degC with good efficiency, significantly higher than silicon devices with similar voltage ratings.
An investigation into back-end advancements for speaker recognition in multi-session and noisy enrollment scenarios

This study aims to explore the case of robust speaker recognition with multi-session enrollments and noise, with an emphasis on optimal organization and utilization of speaker information presented in the enrollment and development data. This study has two core objectives. First, we investigate more robust back-ends to address noisy multi-session enrollment data for speaker recognition. This task is achieved by proposing novel back-end algorithms. Second, we construct a highly discriminative speaker verification framework. This task is achieved through intrinsic and extrinsic back-end algorithm modification, resulting in complementary sub-systems. Evaluation of the proposed framework is performed on the NIST SRE2012 corpus. Results not only confirm individual sub-system advancements over an established baseline, the final grand fusion solution also represents a comprehensive overall advancement for the NIST SRE2012 core tasks. Compared with state-of-the-art SID systems on the NIST SRE2012, the novel parts of this study are: 1) exploring a more diverse set of solutions for low-dimensional i-Vector based modeling; and 2) diversifying the information configuration before modeling. All these two parts work together, resulting in very competitive performance with reasonable computational cost.
An Empirical Investigation of the Motivation to Manage among Blacks and Women in Business School

Race and gender differences in motivation to manage were examined using the Miner Sentence Completion Scale. While there was no significant difference between blacks and whites on the total scale, scores for males reflected a higher motivation to manage than did scores for females. A number of significant interactions and race and gender main effects were evident on various subscales. Implications of the results are discussed.
Living in Interesting Times: President Obama and the Rebirth of the Labor Movement

Legislation has been introduced in the United States that will allow workers to form unions without secret ballot voting among prospective members. This legislation, in its current form, is the most radical change in Federal law governing union recognition in its history. While passage of the legislation is far from certain, it has generated much discussion and argument, most of it polemical. This article examines the issue from a more academic perspective, reviewing the history of organizing and how management practices have developed that effectively use the current election process as a tool to resist organizing efforts, and the effect the legislation might have upon those practices.
A direct fuel cell for the production of electricity from lignin.

This report describes the use of an anthraquinone mediated fuel cell for the direct production of electrical energy from sulfonated lignin and Kraft Black Liquor. The cell produces the equivalent of one kWh for each 2-3 lb sulfonated lignin and 5-8 lb black liquor combustibles. In the case of the sulfonated lignin, chain session occurs during the oxidation process, reducing the molecular weight from ca. 2 x 10/sup 4/ to less than 1000 D.
Harmonica: An FPGA-Based Data Parallel Soft Core

In this poster, we introduce Harmonica, a customizable FPGA-hosted core for massively parallel data intensive applications, designed for use in the proposed Cymric processor-near-memory architecture. We also discuss the deployment of Harmonica in the Cymric prototype, its first use in a full FPGA-based system incorporating a memory hierarchy. Given the nascent state of processor-near-memory (PNM) architectures, Cymric has adopted an approach based on the ability to rapidly develop and analyze a space of potential architectural solutions. Harmonica facilitates this by providing both instruction set and microarchitecture level configurability, allowing the same core design to be used in widely varying applications. Core dimensions such as SIMD width and word size can be configured as well as the set of and types of functional units present. This flexibility is enabled by HARP, a family of instruction set architectures for SIMT cores, and CHDL, a C++-based environment used to describe the processor in lieu of a traditional HDL.
Zero field muon spin depolarization revisited

We consider the zero field depolarization of stationary muons at various sites in fcc and bcc crystals. Significant derivations from the classic Kubo-Toyabe treatment are explained as due to violations of some fundamental assumptions underlying this theory.
A heart with extra rooms.

![Figure][1] [![Graphic][3] ][3] A 55-year-old woman, 12 years after aortic and mitral valve replacement, presented with shortness of breath. The chest radiograph showed a prominence along the left heart border (A, arrow) . Cardiac computed tomography (B, D) revealed a large
Analysis of disciplinary infraction rates among female and male inmates

Abstract A limited number of studies have examined disciplinary violations in female penal institutions. The purpose of this note was to compare female and male inmates on rates of disciplinary infractions over a four-year period. Data for this study were obtained from the Texas Department of Corrections. Two female and two male prison units were matched on the basis of unit size and security classification. Variations in the levels of misconduct across and within these subgroups were explored and are described.
On the computation of edit distance functions

The edit distance between two graphs on the same labeled vertex set is the size of the symmetric difference of the edge sets. The edit distance function of the hereditary property, H , is a function of p ? 0 , 1 and is the limit of the maximum normalized distance between a graph of density p and H .This paper uses the symmetrization method of Sidorenko in order to compute the edit distance function of various hereditary properties. For any graph H , Forb ( H ) denotes the property of not having an induced copy of H . We compute the edit distance function for Forb ( H ) , where H is any split graph, and the graph H 9 , a graph first used to describe the difficulties in computing the edit distance function.
Defining, explaining and understanding hormesis.

A problem that hormesis has in being more scientifically accepted is (1) proving that only one mechanism accounts for both the ‘beneficial’ and ‘toxic’ parts of the biphasic dose-response curve and (2) giving substantial evidence against the interpretation that ‘hormesis’ is the sum of many different mechanisms which add up to either ‘beneficial’ or ‘toxic’ in two different parts of the dose-response curve. Hormesis may consist of a initial beneficial dose region where several mechanisms are operating (just for the sake of argument let us say 3 mechanisms) and the overall sum of these 3 mechanisms is ‘beneficial’ to the organism. At higher, toxic, doses, many more mechanisms are operating (just for the sake of argument let us say 8 mechanisms) and the sum of all these 8 mechanisms puts the organism in the ‘toxic’ part of the biphasic dose-response curve.
Statistical Considerations in the Analysis of Data From Fatigue Tests on Delaminated Cross-Ply Graphite/Epoxy Composites

The objective of this paper is to analyze the results of compressive fatigue experiments performed on a set of delaminated Graphite/Epoxy cross-ply composites. Crack branching, the failure mode we are interested in, occurred during the tests. Due to scatter, it is somewhat difficult to draw conclusions on the values of the branching angles, the key parameter of the problem, unless the tools of statistical and exploratory data analysis (EDA) are used. Here, a brief discussion on some of these techniques is presented, and their application to the set of obtained test data is carried out. The results seem to indicate that the crack grows faster when it is not self-similar, with a higher rate of growth for cracks that branch with a greater angle out of the interface.
Molecular evidence that human ocular ciliary epithelium expresses components involved in phototransduction.

Abstract Here we report the expression, in the human ocular ciliary epithelium and in a human nonpigmented (NPE) ciliary epithelial cell line, of genes usually restricted to cone and rod photoreceptor cells of the retina. By RT-PCR and DNA sequencing we identified the expression of rhodopsin and components linked to its deactivation, including rhodopsin kinase, recoverin, and visual arrestin. We also detected the expression of transducin (T-α), phosphodiesterase (PDE-α), and cGMP-gated channel α-subunits. Cultured NPE cells responded to treatment with phorbol ester by enhancing the expression of rhodopsin mRNA three- to fourfold. Indirect immunofluorescence of the intact ciliary epithelium with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against rhodopsin, rhodopsin kinase, and visual arrestin revealed labeling preferentially restricted to the NPE cells. Furthermore, Western blot analysis of whole lysates from the pars plicata region of the human ciliary epithelium with MAbs demonstrated immunochemical cross-reactivity with proteins of molecular mass similar to rhodopsin (36 kDa), rhodopsin kinase (64 to 66 kDa), and arrestin (48–52 kDa) from the human retina. These results provide the first molecular evidence that components of a non-visual phototransduction pathway are expressed in the human ocular NPE ciliary epithelium, which may be linked to circadian entrainment tasks.
Hydrogen Isotopes in Eocene River Gravels and Paleoelevation of the Sierra Nevada

We determine paleoelevation of the Sierra Nevada, California, by tracking the effect of topography on precipitation, as recorded in hydrogen isotopes of kaolinite exposed in gold-bearing river deposits from the Eocene Yuba River. The data, compared with the modern isotopic composition of precipitation, show that about 40 to 50 million years ago the Sierra Nevada stood tall (≥2200 meters), a result in conflict with proposed young surface uplift by tectonic and climatic forcing but consistent with the Sierra Nevada representing the edge of a pre-Eocene continental plateau.
Soviet Psychophysiology: Introduction

Traditionally, Russian physiologists have been much concerned with topics at the borders between physiology and psychology, in particular the function of the special senses ("analyzers," in Pavlovian terminology), the central nervous system, and the neuromuscular apparatus. The psychophysiology of movement and the psychophysiology of the sensory organs have come to represent areas in which major contributions have been made.
Gray Fluid Inside a Transparent Solar Collector Receiver Tube

Many works have been performed on interactions among conduction, convection, and radiation heat transfer. The present work studies the temperature field and heat transfer inside a cylindrical tube, involving all three modes of heat transfer. The results presented are important for optimizing the design of a gray-fluid solar collector. Others have discussed the problem of heat transfer for forced convection of a participating medium in conduits with interaction of radiation and convection. However, results were not obtained for the present situation (boundary conditions). The investigations of others were based on the zonal method for analysis of the temperature field in a cylindrical radiating system. One purpose of this paper is to optimize the various parameters governing heat gain and loss in order to obtain the maximum solar energy gain inside the collector tube.
British women's anti-suffragism and the forward policy, 1908-14

Abstract This article reinstates prominent female leaders within the organised opposition to women's suffrage in late Victorian and Edwardian Britain. More specifically, it focuses upon the evolution of a positive, constructive anti-suffragism, labelled the Forward Policy by Mary Ward and other women campaigners who were active in the period leading up to the First World War. These women participated in contemporary citizenship debates through their writings, through their commitment to social action, and through their sometimes problematic relationship with male antisuffragism. The article concludes that women's anti-suffragism deserves closer study in its own right, and through its supporters’ own records, as well in relation to suffragism and the wider women's movement.
CLINICAL EXPERIENCES WITH DIALLYL-NORTOXIFERINE IN CHILDREN

SUMMARY Diallyl-nortoxiferine has been used as a muscle relaxant in 321 neonates and children up to 15 years. The neonates appeared to be more sensitive to this relaxant than infants under 1 year, both in regard to the initial dose and the consumption rate. Using a dose of 140 μg/lb (300 μg/kg) body weight, the onset of relaxation was rapid and intubation was easily performed after only 1 minute. No evidence of local histamine release was found. The average interval between the initial and subsequent dose was 54 minutes in the neonate, 37 minutes in infants under 1 year, 39 minutes in children between 1 and 5 years, 43 minutes in children of 5 to 10 years, and 55 minutes in children over 10 years of age. The reversal of the myoneural block following neostigmine was excellent provided the interval between the administration of the relaxant and neostigmine exceeded 20 minutes. The heart rate was raised in two-thirds of cases following diallyl-nortoxiferine, but this may not be a specific effect of the drug.
Women With HIV Infection: The Three Waves of Scientific Inquiry

Initial efforts to curtail the spread of HIV infection to women failed. Consequently, women are the fastest growing population newly infected with HIV. This article presents a historical look at the waves of scientific inquiry that directed research on HIV infection among women. The author proposes three distinct waves. Each has been shaped by movement within the scientific community away from traditional biomedical and public health approaches toward feminist strategies that embrace the social, political, and cultural forces that influence women's health. These waves provide both valuable insights for nurses new to the field of HIV and a framework to guide future research on women with HIV infection.
Developing High Performance Lipoprotein Density Profiling for Use in Clinical Studies Relating to Cardiovascular Disease

Early detection of the beginning stage of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an approach to prevention because the process is reversible at this stage. Consequently, several methods for screening for CVD have been introduced in recent years incorporating different analytical methods for characterizing the population of blood-borne lipoprotein subclasses. The gold standard method for lipoprotein subclassification is based on lipoprotein density measured by sedimentation equilibrium using the ultracentrifuge. However, this method has not been adopted for clinical studies because of difficulties in achieving the precision required for distinguishing individuals with and without CVD particularly when statistical classification methods are used. The objective of this study was to identify and improve the major factors that influence the precision of measurement of lipoprotein density profile by sedimentation equilibrium analysis and labeling with a fluorescent probe. The study has two phases, each contributing to precision. The first phase focuses on the ultracentrifugation-related variables, and the second phase addresses those factors involved in converting the fluorescent lipoprotein density profile to a digital format compatible with statistical analysis. The overall improvement in precision was on the order of a factor of 5, sufficient to be effectively applied to ongoing classification studies relating to CVD risk assessment.