cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identification Of Five Novel Human Papillomavirus Sequences In The New Mexico Triethnic Population

Cervical specimens obtained from previous clinical studies at the University of New Mexico were screened for reference strain human papillomaviruses (HPVs) via HPV L1 consensus polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and type-specific oligonucleotide probe hybridization. PCR products that bound to an HPV generic probe but did not hybridize with HPV type-specific oligonucleotide probes were subjected to restriction endonuclease digestion analyses. Resulting restriction fragment length polymorphisms served as the basis for initial grouping of unknown HPVs and identification of potential reference strain HPV variants. MY09/MY11 PCR products containing putative novel HPV L1 fragments were cloned and sequenced. Five novel HPV sequences were identified in this study.
Quantum-dot laser coupled bowtie antenna

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the idea of how an antenna can be coupled with a mode-locked quantum-dot (QD) laser chip to radiate in the microwave region. A brief theory of operation for the reconfigurable mode-locked quantum-dot laser is first explained and the design of the waveguide and antenna part is next presented. Due to its wide frequency bandwidth, a bowtie antenna is coupled to a QD laser. The goal is to achieve a THz radiator design by coupling the pulsing laser to a reconfigurable fractal antenna capable of radiating at THz frequency. We present a preliminary design that includes antenna simulations and their comparison with measured data. The challenges associated with integrating the antenna with the quantum-dot laser are also presented and discussed.
A Border Context of Violence Mexican Female Sex Workers on the U.S.–Mexico Border

Female sex workers (FSW) represent a population confronted with an array of intersecting social problems. We explore the case of FSW in Nuevo Laredo and Ciudad Juarez to understand the everyday violence associated with sex work within the unique context of Mexico. Life history interviews were conducted with 109 FSW revealing violent acts by clients and other sex industry employees (bar owners, police, other FSW). The risk of violence by different types of persons associated with the sex work industry varied by venue and geographic area. Moreover, the violence was shaped by the social structural constraints of dominant gender ideologies.
Health-related quality of life after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for sickle cell disease.

Abstract Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hereditary hemoglobinopathy that affects over 100,000 people in the United States. Patients with SCD are known to experience suboptimal health-related quality of life (HRQoL). In addition to the physical manifestations of SCD, psychological and social stress, along with academic difficulties, secondary to the chronicity of the disease and its complications often affect patients with SCD. Although medical therapy of SCD has improved, allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) remains the only curative therapy. The objective of this study was to measure HRQoL before and after allo-HCT by assessing physical, psychological, and social functioning in patients with SCD who have undergone reduced-toxicity conditioning (busulfan/fludarabine/alemtuzumab) followed by allo-HCT. Patients
Test strategies for the detection of myocardial damage.

In the space of half a century, cardiac marker testing has advanced incrementally from enzymes present in nearly all tissues to proteins having remarkable specificity for myocardium. Testing strategies must integrate biochemical information with other testing modalities to optimize timely application of effective therapies while minimizing cost. As emphasis has shifted to making rapid choices among a widening array of treatment options, use of biochemical markers has become both more rewarding and more challenging. Cardiac markers have been extensively reviewed, including an entire volume in this series in 1997. The present article will emphasize recent developments related to the development of test strategies using myocardial markers.
Size-depth trade-offs for monotone arithmetic circuits

Abstract Consider the problem of computing the product a 1 A (1) ⋯ A ( t ) b , where A (1) ,…, A ( t ) are n × n matrices, a and b are vectors. We show that the size s and depth d of monotone arithmetic circuits for this problem are related as s + n 3 d = Ω(tn 3 ) Thus, a reduction to depth d = o ( t ) requires an increase from (optimal) size n 2 t to size n 3 t . A similar trade-off is shown for the evaluation of linear recurrences.
Simulation prototyping of high power modules

This paper studies the voltage sharing mechanism for series operation of high power modules. It is shown that the device mis-match is the main cause for the voltage unbalance and junction temperature unbalance during the conduction state. A 2D mixed device and circuit simulator was used to extract the resistances of the bonding pads and of bonding wires inside the module. Moreover, the device internal resistance profile was extracted and the mechanism of voltage sharing is explained. It is found that the junction of P-base and N-drift region gives rises to the major contribution to the negative temperature coefficient of IGBTs at elevated ambient temperatures. Because of the characteristics of negative temperature coefficient at low current density, voltage unbalance was aggravated at high junction temperature. The understanding of this mechanism provides a good insight to circuit and device designers and help to minimize the series unbalance in high power IGBT modules.
SeerSuite: developing a scalable and reliable application framework for building digital libraries by crawling the web

SeerSuite is a framework for scientific and academic digital libraries and search engines built by crawling scientific and academic documents from the web with a focus on providing reliable, robust services. In addition to full text indexing, SeerSuite supports autonomous citation indexing and automatically links references in research articles to facilitate navigation, analysis and evaluation. SeerSuite enables access to extensive document, citation, and author metadata by automatically extracting, storing and indexing metadata. SeerSuite also supports MyCiteSeer, a personal portal that allows users to monitor documents, store user queries, build document portfolios, and interact with the document metadata. We describe the design of SeerSuite and the deployment and usage of CiteSeerx as an instance of SeerSuite.
A FINITE ELEMENT METHOD FOR THE STUDY OF LINEAR STABILITY

This paper describes the application of a finite element method to the parabolized stability equations for a two fluid flow. The finite element method uses integration by parts in order to remove derivatives from basic flow quantities. This is useful in applying the method to numerically simulated flowfields, as current simulation (CFD) codes provide poor approximations to high degree derivatives. The method is applied to a test case flow and compared against linear stability results contained in the literature. The test case flow is parallel, so that the governing linear stability equations are those for parallel flow. The method is then applied to a boundary layer solution of air flowing over a water layer lying on a flat plate.
Guest Editorial— Who's Thirsty? Is Our Art Therapy Cup Half Empty, Half Full, or Doth It Runneth Over?

(2001). Guest Editorial— Who's Thirsty? Is Our Art Therapy Cup Half Empty, Half Full, or Doth It Runneth Over? Art Therapy: Vol. 18, Art Therapy Research, pp. 126-131.
Next Sales Meeting—Try a Game

Here is an account of a business game designed to keep interest at a high pitch, and at the same time highlight a critical sales management problem.No computer installation is required; and simple ...
“I Wouldn’t Take My Chances on the Street”: Navigating Illegal Cigarette Purchases in the South Bronx

Objectives:This article examines the decision-making of consumers of illegal goods and services, using the illegal cigarette market in the South Bronx as a case study.Methods:Sixty-seven adult smokers residing in the South Bronx (New York City) were purposively recruited and placed into 13 focus groups stratified by gender and age to discuss their purchasing patterns of cigarettes.Results:Our participants routinely buy and consume illicit cigarettes. They prefer to purchase these illicit cigarettes in legitimate stores rather than from street vendors. In their decision-making, our participants are guided by various concerns, including reliable access to illicit cigarettes, minimal exposure to the police, the ability to purchase cigarettes on credit, reduced risk of being sold low-quality cigarettes (i.e., stale, counterfeit), and the chance to successfully complain in case of poor product quality.Conclusions:Consumers make rational decisions to purchase illicit cigarettes within the constraints they face ...
Intrinsic small polarons in rutile TiO 2

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is used to identify the intrinsic electron small polaron in TiO${}_{2}$ crystals having the rutile structure. These self-trapped electrons are produced at very low temperature with 442 nm laser light. The defects form when a Ti${}^{4+}$ ion at a regular lattice site traps an electron and converts to a Ti${}^{3+}$ (3${d}^{1}$) ion. They become thermally unstable above \ensuremath{\sim}15 K. An activation energy of 24 meV describes this ``release'' of the electrons (either by a hopping motion or directly to the conduction band). The $g$ matrix is obtained from the angular dependence of the EPR spectrum. Principal values are 1.9807, 1.9786, and 1.9563 and principal axes are along high-symmetry directions in the crystal. The unpaired electron occupies an $|{x}^{2}\ensuremath{-}{y}^{2}\ensuremath{\rangle}$ orbital where $x$ and $y$ are in the equatorial plane of the TiO${}_{6}$ unit and $y$ is the [001] direction. These intrinsic small polarons serve as a prototype for many of the defect-associated Ti${}^{3+}$ ions often observed in this material. They also can be used as a computational test case to evaluate the validity of different approximations presently being employed in density-functional-theory modeling of point defects in TiO${}_{2}$ and other transition-metal oxides.
Inverting Asymmetric Confinement Potentials in Core/Thick-Shell Nanocrystals.

We investigate CdSe/ZnSe core/thick-shell nanocrystals (a.k.a. giant-nanocrystal quantum dots [g-NQDs]) that have an asymmetric electron/hole confinement potential opposite to nonblinking CdSe/CdS g-NQDs. We deconstruct the photon streams into five different photoluminescence (PL) intensity levels and analyze second-order photon correlation (g(2)) traces of each PL intensity level. This analysis allows us to decouple the contribution of exciton charging from the g(2) experiment and determine the quantum yield of neutral biexciton states to be in the range of ∼20–50%, a value comparable to that of CdSe/CdS g-NQDs. We also show that the Auger recombination rate of positive trion states is suppressed compared to that of negative trions. This suppression, however, is shown not to be strong enough to yield complete suppression of PL fluctuations due to the heavy effective mass of holes. Strong intensity fluctuations also result from the fact that hole charging occurs more readily in CdSe/ZnSe g-NQDs than elect...
Brain Blood Volume and Cerebral Hemodynamics in the Anesthetized Rat

Adult male rats (400+ grams) were used for all studies. Nembutal anesthesia was induced via intraperitoneal injection at 40mg/kg and maintained by IV infusion at 8mg/kg/hr. Induction for Halothane was via inhalation in a bell jar at 2.5% in an 80/20 mixture of breathing air/100% 02. Induction with Forane was likewise in a bell jar at 4% Forane in 100% 02. Maintenance for Halothane and Forane was at 1.5–2% in an 80/20 mix of breathing air/02. All animals were mechanically ventilated via tracheostomy. Following placement of femoral arterial and venous catheters, animals were placed in a head frame in the sphinx position. For measurement of ICP and determination of PVI’s, a 26 gauge needle was inserted into the cisternal space and connected to a Camino fiber optic pressure measuring system. Normocarbic conditions (pCO2 30–40 mmHg) were obtained using a respirator volume of 2.5 cc and a rate of 60/min. Hypercarbia (pCO2 > 40 mmHg) was achieved by lowering the respirator rate. After stabilization of blood gases and ICP, 10μl of liquid was injected through a side port via a Hamilton syringe for the PVI measurement.
Ureteral Obstruction by a Rare Venous Anomaly: A Case Report

Aberrant blood vessels are a rare cause of ureteral obstruction. A case is reported of right upper ureteral obstruction that simulated radiologically a retrocaval ureter. At operation the ureter was obstructed by an aberrant vein going from the right spermatic vein to the inferior vena cava. The obstruction was relieved by dividing this vessel. Aberrant blood vessels should be considered in the differential diagnosis of extrinsic ureteral obstruction.
Variation in the EGFR gene is associated with lung cancer

3629 The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays a critical role in cell growth and differentiation through the EGFR signaling pathway and is believed to be related to development and progression of lung cancer. The EGFR signaling pathway encompasses several steps including ligand binding to the cell surface receptor, receptor dimerization, tyrosine kinase (TK) activation, nuclear translation and transcriptional regulation. Recently, studies have revealed that never smoking lung cancer patients who have somatic mutations in the TK domain of EGFR have a dramatic response to gefitinib, an inhibitor of the EGFR-TK. To elucidate how common EGFR-TK domain mutations are in never smoking lung cancer patients compared to smoking patients, we sequenced the EGFR gene in exons 18-21 (the EGFR-TK domain) from lung tumor tissues of smokers and never smokers. A point mutation in the TK domain of EGFR was found in five of 35 never smokers (frequency of 14.2%), but no mutation was detected in 18 smokers. Mutations found in never smokers included: three heterozygous point mutations at T2573G (L858R) in exon 21, one point mutation at G2320A (V774M) in exon 20, and another point mutation at T2497G (L833V) in exon 21. By sequencing 16 lung cancer cell lines derived from smokers available in our laboratory, one mutant cell line (273T) harboring a EGFR-TK mutation has been identified: A2180G (Y727C) in exon 18, in cells derived from a squamous cell tumor of a female smoker. The in vitro sensitivity to gefitinib by MTT assay of the 273T cell line was slightly lower (IC50 of 17μM) compared to wildtype (WT) cell lines (IC50 of 30μM). This cell line also shows a higher (6-fold) EGFR expression by immunoblot compared to WT cell lines cultured in normal growth medium. During sequencing of the TK domain in blood samples, lung fibroblasts and tumor specimens, a polymorphism in EGFR, G2361A in exon 20, was identified and found to occur at a significantly higher frequency in lung cancer cases (n = 96) than in controls ( n = 32)[OR: 2.86, 95% CI: 1.02 -8.06, P = 0.04], but no difference in the polymorphism frequency was found between smoking (n = 21) and never smoking (n =35) lung cancer cases (OR: 1.78, 95% CI: 0.32 -9.79, P = 0.503). This may suggest that individuals who carry at least one copy of the A allele at nucleotide 2361 in the EGFR-TK domain are more susceptible to lung cancer, independent of smoking status. In addition, homozygote for the A allele at nucleotide 2361 was also most common in lung cancer cases (frequency of 53.7%) vs. controls (frequency of 21.9%). This study confirms the more frequent rate of EGFR-TK domain mutation in never smokers with lung cancer than in smokers, but suggests that EGFR mutation may sometimes occur in smokers, and suggests a novel polymorphism in the EGFR-TK domain may be related to lung cancer risk. Supported by 5R25 CA89507 and P50 CA090440, SPORE in Lung Cancer.
Hyperpolarized 13 C magnetic resonance evaluation of renal ischemia reperfusion injury in a murine model.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Persistent oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are implicated across diverse forms of AKI and in the transition to CKD. In this study, we applied hyperpolarized (HP) 13 C dehydroascorbate (DHA) and 13 C pyruvate magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to investigate the renal redox capacity and mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity, respectively, in a murine model of AKI at baseline and 7 days after unilateral ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). Compared with the contralateral sham-operated kidneys, the kidneys subjected to IRI showed a significant decrease in the HP 13 C vitamin C/(vitamin C + DHA) ratio, consistent with a decrease in redox capacity. The kidneys subjected to IRI also showed a significant decrease in the HP 13 C bicarbonate/pyruvate ratio, consistent with impaired PDH activity. The IRI kidneys showed a significantly higher HP 13 C lactate/pyruvate ratio at day 7 compared with baseline, although the 13 C lactate/pyruvate ratio was not significantly different between the IRI and contralateral sham-operated kidneys at day 7. Arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated significantly reduced perfusion in the IRI kidneys. Renal tissue analysis showed corresponding increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced PDH activity in the IRI kidneys. Our results show the feasibility of HP 13 C MRS for the non-invasive assessment of oxidative stress and mitochondrial PDH activity following renal IRI.
Baby fish working out: an epigenetic source of adaptive variation in the cichlid jaw

Understanding the developmental processes that underlie the production of adaptive variation (i.e. the ‘arrival of the fittest’) is a major goal of evolutionary biology. While most evo-devo studies focus on the genetic underpinnings of adaptive phenotypic variation, factors beyond changes in nucleotide sequence can also play a major role in shaping developmental outcomes. Here, we document a vigorous but enigmatic gaping behaviour during the early development of Lake Malawi cichlid larvae. The onset of the behaviour precedes the formation of bone, and we predicted that it might influence craniofacial shape by affecting the mechanical environment in which bone develops. Consistent with this, we found that both natural variation and experimental manipulation of this behaviour induced differential skeletal development that foreshadows adaptive variation in adult trophic morphology. In fact, the magnitude of difference in skeletal morphology induced by these simple shifts in behaviour was similar to those predicted to be caused by genetic factors. Finally, we demonstrate that this mechanical-load-induced shift in skeletal development is associated with differences in ptch1 expression, a gene previously implicated in mediating between-species differences in skeletal shape. Our results underscore the complexity of development, and the importance of epigenetic ( sensu Waddington) mechanisms in determining adaptive phenotypic variation.
Chemistry of Natural Waters

Abstract While green chemists are highly trained on the intricacies of chemical structural-functional relationships, the synthesis and redesign of chemical compounds, and the manipulation of chemical functional groups to optimize chemical function, they need to also give thought to what happens to a novel compound once it enters the environment. In almost all cases, water is involved in the transport of the material, and the interactions of a compound with natural waters govern its fate in the environment. This chapter deals with the fate of chemicals in various components of the water cycle, specifically those that link sources to receiving bodies. To understand a chemical's fate, chemists need a basic understanding of the chemistry of natural waters (e.g., atmospheric water, groundwater, and surface waters—fresh and salt), especially the physical, chemical, and biological processes to which chemicals are exposed. Here, we highlight six critical chemical processes that green chemists need to understand: acid-base interactions, solubility and saturation, organic and inorganic complexation, ionization, redox reactions, and persistence.
Nanospray liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry analysis of steroids from gray whale blubber

Rationale Analysis of steroids from precious blubber biopsies obtained from marine mammals, especially endangered species, can provide valuable information on their endocrine status. Challenges with currently used ELISA methodology include lack of absolute quantitation and incompatibility with multiple steroids analysis due to limited biopsy mass. Development of a sensitive, accurate analytical method for this purpose is critical. Methods A nanospray liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC/MS/MS) method was validated for sensitive, specific and quantitative analysis of three steroid hormones, without derivatization, extracted from 50 mg blubber samples. Data was acquired with an LTQ XL ion trap mass spectrometer in positive ion mode, using single reaction monitoring. All three steroids were analyzed in a single run. Cholic acid was used as a surrogate internal standard for quantitation due to its steroidal structure and lack of measurable endogenous levels in blubber. Results The lowest limits of quantitation for progesterone, testosterone, and hydrocortisone were significantly improved compared to previous studies using conventional LC/MS/MS. The lowest limit of detection was 7 fg/μL using a 1 μL injection volume. Calibration curves for steroid quantification showed good linearity (r2 >0.99) between 14 and 3620 fg/μL, and accuracy was <20% for interday and <10% for intraday. After validation, the method was successfully applied to quantification of steroids in gray whale blubber samples. Conclusions The nanoLC/MS/MS method is more sensitive than traditional LC/MS/MS for steroid analysis. It is also compatible with other important biopsy analyses due to its small blubber mass requirement. This will benefit the reproductive and stress assessments for all marine mammals, particularly endangered populations. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mitochondrial dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension: cause, effect, or both

Pulmonary hypertension describes a heterogeneous disease defined by increased pulmonary artery pressures, and progressive increase in pulmonary vascular resistance due to pathologic remodeling of t...
Frequency Weighting of Distributed Filtered Backward Propagation in Acoustic Tomography

The objective of this paper is to provide the formulation of the spatial-frequency weighting of distributed filtered backward propagation in acoustic tomography. This formulation gives the exact frequency-weighting characteristics for various data acquisition configurations.
Factors determining the reliable description of global tumbling parameters in solution NMR.

An accurate description of global tumbling of a protein is essential for correct analysis and interpretation of internal dynamics and thermodynamics. The accurate fitting of global tumbling parameters is affected by the number of experimental relaxation data points available for analysis, the distribution of data points over the domain of the function describing the tumbling, the measurement error associated with the data, the error associated with use of an approximate functional form, and errors in the protein structure. We present an analysis of the influence of these factors on the error in global tumbling parameters and the corresponding error in the calculated T 1/T 2 values. We find that reduction of experimental and approximation error can compensate for a less-than-ideal quantity or distribution of data points, and that accurate parameters can be obtained for proteins with highly anisotropic distributions of bond vectors, as illustrated using the helical bundle protein G-CSF. This indicates that proteins with anisotropic distributions, such as the helical bundle class of proteins, should not summarily be excluded when selecting proteins for dynamic and thermodynamic analyses of 15N backbone relaxation measurements.
Tribological Properties of Ion Beam Modified Ceramics at Elevated Temperatures

Surfaces of technological materials are often quite different from the bulk material they represent. Because of the essentially two-dimensional bond structure, and the direct exposure to the ambients, there are usually extensive variations in the chemistries, micro-structures and morphologies of the surfaces in comparison to their bulk constitution.
Evaluation of CXCR4 expression in experimental brain tumor xenografts with [64Cu]AMD3100

280 Objectives Chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is expressed in a variety of cancers including breast, brain, ovarian and prostate. CXCR4/CXCL12 interactions are critical for tumor development, growth and metastasis. Here we have developed and evaluated a positron-emitting analog of the CXCR4 inhibitor Plerixafor, [64 Cu]AMD3100, in brain tumor xenografts stably expressing CXCR4. Methods AMD3100 was radiolabeled by incubating with [64Cu]Cu(OAc)2 and purified by high-performance liquid chromatography. The human Glioma cell line U87 stably expressing CXCR4 (U87-stb-CXCR4) and parental U87 cell lines were used to generate subcutaneous xenografts. After IV injection of 10 MBq of [64Cu]AMD3100, dynamic PET imaging was acquired for 60 min followed by whole body images at 90 min. For biodistribution studies mice receiving 740 kBq of [64Cu]AMD3100 were sacrificed and tissues were harvested at selected time intervals. The specificity of [64Cu]AMD3100 was confirmed by blocking studies and receptor expression was quantified by flow cytometry. A minimum of three animals was used for all studies. Results [64Cu]AMD3100 was obtained in 40-60 % yield, with 134±61 GBq/μmol specific activity and > 95% purity. Imaging and biodistribution studies showed specific accumulation of [64Cu]AMD3100 in U87-stb-CXCR4 tumors with %ID/g reaching 30 ± 2.18. The U87-stb-CXCR4 to U87 tumor ratios reached a maximum of 6.16 ± 1.37 at 90 min. The tumor-to-muscle ratios at 90 min were 47.36 ± 6.93 and 13.39 ± 4.20 for U87-stb-CXCR4 and U87, respectively. Blocking studies demonstrated greater than 80% reduction of radioactivity signal in both tumors. Conclusions These data demonstrate the feasibility of imaging variable CXCR4 expression with [64Cu]AMD3100. Research Support U24 CA92871, P50CA103175, American Brain Tumor Associatio
Colorimetric-Luminance Readout for Quantitative Analysis of Fluorescence Signals With a Smartphone CMOS Sensor

Smartphones have shown promise as an enabling technology for portable and distributed point-of-care diagnostic tests. The CMOS camera sensor can be used for detecting optical signals, including fluorescence for applications such as isothermal nucleic acid amplification tests. However, such analysis is typically limited mostly to end point detection of single targets. Here we present a smartphone-based image analysis pipeline that utilizes the CIE xyY (chromaticity-luminance) color space to measure the luminance (in lieu of RGB intensities) of fluorescent signals arising from nucleic acid amplification targets, with a discrimination sensitivity (ratio between the positive to negative signals), which is an order of magnitude more than traditional RGB intensity based analysis. Furthermore, the chromaticity part of the analysis enables reliable multiplexed detection of different targets labeled with spectrally separated fluorophores. We apply this chromaticity-luminance formulation to simultaneously detect Zika and chikungunya viral RNA via end point RT-LAMP (Reverse transcription Loop-Mediated isothermal amplification). We also show real time LAMP detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae samples down to a copy number of 3.5 copies per 10 μL of reaction volume in our smartphone-operated portable LAMP box. Our chromaticity-luminance analysis is readily adaptable to other types of multiplexed fluorescence measurements using a smartphone camera.
Stage-specific modulation of antimüllerian hormone promotes primate follicular development and oocyte maturation in the matrix-free three-dimensional culture.

Objective To study whether follicular growth and oocyte maturation can be improved by antimullerian hormone (AMH) modulation at specific stages of follicular development. Design Primary and secondary follicles were cultured in a matrix-free system and were assigned to the control group and the group with AMH supplementation during the preantral stage and neutralizing AMH antibody addition during the antral stage. Setting National primate research center. Animal(s) Adult, female rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Intervention(s) None. Main Outcome Measure(s) Follicle survival, growth, steroid and paracrine factor production, and oocyte competence were evaluated. Follicles were assessed for expression of genes that are critical for gonadotropin signaling, cumulus cell glycolysis, and oocyte quality. Result(s) Primary follicles formed “organoids” and developed to the antral stage in group culture. AMH exposure during the preantral stage increased organoid diameters. Oocytes from the AMH-treated organoids had greater diameters and matured to the metaphase II (MII) stage. Secondary follicles developed to the antral stage during individual culture. The AMH exposure during the preantral stage and AMH antibody treatment during the antral stage increased follicle diameters, vascular endothelial growth factor and follistatin production, differentiation factor 9 expression, and oocyte diameters. The MII oocytes from the AMH-modulated group developed to the morula stage after IVF, with one to the blastocyst stage. Conclusion(s) AMH supplementation at the preantral stage and depletion at the antral stage enhanced primate follicular development and oocyte competence in vitro. The improved embryonic development supports in vitro follicle maturation as a potential approach for fertility preservation.
203 RAPE AMONG THE UNDERSERVED: NO LONGER BEHIND A CURTAIN.

Background Every two and a half minutes someone in the United States is being sexually assaulted and 1 in 6 women are victims of complete or attempted sexual assault in their lifetime. These statistics may be even more extreme when looking at sexual abuse in underserved communities. Objectives To gain a better understanding of adult sexual abuse in understudied and underserved communities and to determine if there is an association between decisions to disclose information about their sexual abuse and ethnicity. Methods This is a descriptive analysis of adult sexual abuse from the University of California Los Angeles-Drew Women Family Project database, which contained 490 women. Descriptive analysis of the 317 women, who were sexually abused as adults, was conducted using SAS and SPSS statistical programs. Correlations between ethnicity and decision to disclose information were evaluated using chi-square test. Results More than half of the women were victims of sexual assault. Of these, 57% were victims of complete rape, 19% attempted rape, and 9% date rape. Most of the assaults occurred between the ages of 18 and 25. Eighty-one percent of the women did not report their assault to the police and very few told their health care providers. Forty-two percent said that it still affects them today. Latinas were found to be marginally less likely to disclose information when compared with African Americans, Caucasians, and other ethnicities. Conclusion Adult sexual abuse is greater among women who are underserved. This study suggests that novel interventions need to be implemented in this community geared toward reducing the trauma.
Genomic biomarkers of recurrence in low-grade, early-stage endometrial adenocarcinoma.

5588Background: Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy in developed countries with over 60,000 new cases diagnosed in the United States each year. Adjuvant therapy is often om...
Invasive Carcinoma of the Breast: Special Types

There is an increasing need to predict the prognosis of breast carcinomas. Some special types of breast carcinomas carry distinct prognosis and/or treatment options. However, some of these special types are not always easily recognized, especially in the limited core biopsies. This chapter is intended to discuss morphological features of special types of breast carcinomas and emphasize ancillary studies and frequently encountered problems when diagnosing these uncommon special types. Relevant molecular advance, prognosis, and clinical management will be discussed.
Simulation of blood flow past a distal arteriovenous-graft anastomosis at low Reynolds numbers

Patients with end-stage renal disease are usually treated by hemodialysis while waiting for a kidney transplant. A common device for vascular access is an arteriovenous graft (AVG). However, AVG failure induced by thrombosis has been plaguing dialysis practice for decades. Current studies indicate that the thrombosis is caused by intimal hyperplasia, which is triggered by the abnormal flows and forces [e.g., wall shear stress (WSS)] in the vein after AVG implant. Due to the high level of complexity, in almost all of the existing works of modeling and simulation of the blood-flow vessel-AVG system, the graft and blood vessel are assumed to be rigid and immobile. Very recently, we have found that the compliance of graft and vein can reduce flow disturbances and lower WSS [Z. Bai and L. Zhu, “Three-dimensional simulation of a viscous flow past a compliant model of arteriovenous-graft anastomosis,” Comput. Fluids 181, 403–415 (2019)]. In this paper, we apply the compliant model to investigate possible effects of several dimensionless parameters (AVG graft-vein diameter ratio Rgv, AVG attaching angle θ, flow Reynolds numbers Re, and native vein speed Vv) on the flow and force fields near the distal AVG anastomosis at low Reynolds numbers (up to several hundreds). Our computational results indicate that the influences of the parameters Rgv, θ, and Re lie largely on the graft and the influence of Vv lies largely on the vein. In any case, the WSS, wall shear stress gradient, and wall normal stress gradient and their averaged values on the graft are significantly greater than those on the vein.
The quest for legitimacy and the communication of strategic cross-sectoral partnership on Facebook: A big data study

Abstract Nowadays, many wicked problems such as environmental issues require organizations from multiple sectors to form cross-sectoral alliances. Cross-sectoral alliance networks can transfer resources and signal affiliations and value alignment between strategic partners. The communication of cross-sectoral alliances is a form of CSR communication that serves organizations’ strategic goals and objectives. Drawing on the literature on digital CSR communication and legitimacy theory, this article examines which legitimacy needs shape the formation of cross-sectoral ties on Facebook in addressing environmental and sustainable development issues in the United States. Combining data-mining, text-mining, social network analysis, and exponential graph modeling, this research investigates the structure of a network among 3071 organizations across multiple sectors. Findings show that organizations’ cross-sectoral tie formation is mainly driven by social legitimacy and alliance legitimacy needs.
Efficient Equalization Optimization Algorithm for Signaling Analysis in Nonlinear System

In the high-speed design today, equalization (EQ) is one of the key enablers for many interfaces like PCIe and DDR in order to achieve higher data rates, lower power consumption and smaller form factor. Given that there may be multiple equalizers in the system and each of them can have very fine granularity, how to efficiently find out the optimal EQ setting is a very challenging problem for signal integrity engineers even with an linear time invariant (LTI) system. Besides, the circuit implementation of an equalizer like continuous time linear equalizer (CTLE) can be very nonlinear. The strong push for low power design has also inevitably introduced nonlinearity in drivers. Without the simulation capability of handling nonlinear elements and efficiently performing EQ optimization, designers have been forced to make LTI assumptions in their simulations and add cost to guardband for the uncertainty in the simulation predictions. It has eliminated many potentially valuable designs and also added cost and manufacturing complexity to existing designs. In this paper, we propose a new EQ optimization algorithm under the framework of the algorithm developed in [1]. It can avoid the bruteforce simulation of all EQ settings while preserving the nonlinear effects. The proposed method has been validated using a DDR5 example.
Tourniquet Use Does Not Affect Functional Outcomes or Pain After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective, Double-Blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial

Background:The use of a tourniquet during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is controversial. Pain and return to function are believed, by some, to be influenced by the use of a tourniquet. The hypothesis of this study was that use of a tourniquet would delay postoperative functional recovery and increa
Total-Body PET Imaging for up to 30 Days After Injection of 89Zr-Labeled Antibodies.

See the associated article on page [453][1]. After the continued efforts toward the development of PET scanners over the last several decades, a major milestone was achieved with the recent completion of total-body PET scanners. Both clinical and preclinical total-body PET scanners have been
The National Sports Education Camps Project: Introducing Sports Skills to Students with Visual Impairments through Short-term Specialized Instruction

The National Sports Education Camps Project (NSEC), a joint partnership between Western Michigan University and the United States Association of Blind Athletes, provides short-term interventions to teach sports to children with visual impairments. A study comparing 321 students with visual impairments, ranging in age from 8 to 19 years, before and after they participated in the camp found that they knew more about sports, were able to jump and throw farther, held more positive attitudes, and were more likely to become involved in local sports activities. Benefits of short- term specialized programming and implications for practice were also examined.
Batter’s Shoulder: Clinical Outcomes and Return to Sport

Background Batter’s shoulder has been defined as an acute posterior subluxation of the lead shoulder during a baseball swing causing a traumatic tear of the posterior labrum. There are limited data correlating repair techniques with return-to-play information but none utilizing standardized outcome measures. The purpose of this study is to examine a case series of patients for postoperative return-to-play and obtain follow-up using standardized outcome measures. Methods We retrospectively identified 10 patients with a batter’s shoulder injury. Patients were included if they met the criteria for batter’s shoulder injury. We attempted contact via telephone to complete Western Ontario Shoulder Instability (WOSI) and Disability of Arm Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) evaluations. We successfully reached five of the patients. The minimum follow-up was one year and the maximum was 11 years. Results All five patients in our cohort were able to return to play at the previous level without limitation. Patients reported a very low percentage limitation on the WOSI and QuickDASH questionnaires and results are detailed further on. Range of motion (ROM) and strength were not affected. Conclusion Batter’s shoulder is an infrequent cause of posterior labral tearing, leading to a painful swing that can limit sports activity. In our limited series, all patients treated with arthroscopic repair were able to return to play at the previous level, confirming a significantly improved prognosis for a batter’s shoulder injury in contrast to return to play after other causes of posterior labral tears.
Understanding bubble and void nucleation in dual ion irradiated T91 steel using single parameter experiments

Abstract Ferritic-martensitic steels are attractive candidates for structural materials in next generation nuclear reactor systems due to their resistance to radiation induced swelling. Cavity and dislocation loop evolution was characterized in dual ion irradiated T91 steel in three separate irradiation campaigns examining single parameter dependencies of temperature, helium co-injection rate, and damage rate. Irradiations resulted in bimodal cavity size distributions across nearly all ranges of experimental parameters. It was determined that irradiation temperature and helium co-injection rate are stronger influences on bubble stability and the transition from bubbles to voids than is the irradiation damage rate. At low helium injection rates all helium is in vacancy clusters that evolve into bubbles or voids. At high helium injection rates, bubbles become saturated with helium resulting in accumulation of helium at other traps such as dislocation loops. At intermediate levels of He that should aid in the nucleation of bubbles and enhance swelling, the high density of sinks in the F-M microstructure suppresses bubble nucleation and therefore, the onset of swelling. At high enough temperatures, helium is only in bubbles as other strong helium traps, such as dislocation loops, did not form. The mechanism of bubble to void transition was found to shift from being driven by the accumulation of helium to the critical bubble at low damage rates to being driven by spontaneous formation by stochastic vacancy fluctuation at high damage rates.
Astronomy Laboratory Experiences in the FullDome Digistar 5 Planetarium Environment

College level astronomy is typically offered as a laboratory-based introductory level course for non-science majors. In comparison to a typical physics laboratory where there is a large choice of equipment available for physics experiments, there is only a limited number of setups that can be used for nighttime astronomy activities. Furthermore, many astronomy events require time to collect data and this can be challenging in three-hour lab periods. Most instructors use a mix of different mediums like computer software, internet, and workbook style labs mixed with one or two optics experiment and a few stargazing activities with telescopes. These are all good methods to engage students in astronomy learning; however it cannot compare well with the actual process of collecting data by observing the night sky and analyzing that data. Certainly, it is possible to develop one or two such activities but for a variety of reasons it is not practical for a large class environment setting. Fulldome planetariums simulate the night sky and offer the ability to collect data on many astronomical events in a laboratory setting. Unfortunately, astronomy curriculum material that make use of fulldome technology in teaching and laboratory experiences in astronomy is largely lacking. The goal of this talk is to show that fulldome planetarium can be used as a medium for college-level astronomy courses. Several examples will be shown in which students collect and analyze astronomical data as well as activities that are planned for the future.
Cumulative Inequality and the Welfare State

To understand more about the types of care work that grandparents provide when their grandchildren have disabilities, as well as the impact of that care work, we employ a life course approach that emphasizes cumulative inequalities. We then analyze why reliance on grandparents is intensifying in the US and assess the paucity of federal and employer supports for families in the US. Specifically, we discuss how grandchild care is linked to increases in parenting and working patterns, US reliance on poverty-based social welfare programs, and the lack of federal benefit guarantees for working families. These discussions provide the framework for the remainder of the book in our analysis of the types and impacts of care work when grandchildren have disabilities.
Quantification and Modeling of Ankle Stiffness During Standing Balance

Objective: This study investigates the factors contributing to the modulation of ankle stiffness during standing balance and evaluates the reliability of linear stiffness models. Methods: A dual-axis robotic platform and a visual feedback display were used to quantify ankle stiffness in both the sagittal and frontal planes while subjects controlled different levels of ankle muscle co-contraction, center-of-pressure (CoP), and loading on the ankle. Results: Results of 40 subjects demonstrated that ankle stiffness in the sagittal plane linearly increased with the increasing level of these three factors. The linear model relating the change in these factors from the baseline measurements during quiet standing to the change in weight normalized ankle stiffness resulted in high reliability (R2 = 0.83). Ankle stiffness in the frontal plane increased with the increasing ankle muscle co-contraction and ankle loading, but the linearity was less obvious. It also exhibited a clear nonlinear trend when CoP was shifted mediolaterally. Consequently, the reliability of the linear model was low for ankle stiffness in the frontal plane (R2 = 0.37). Conclusion: During standing balance, ankle stiffness in the sagittal plane could be well explained by a linear model if ankle muscle activation, CoP, and ankle loading were collectively considered. However, the linear model cannot capture highly variable and nonlinear ankle stiffness characteristics in the frontal plane. Significance: The outcomes of this study could benefit the development of lower-extremity robots and their controllers. Furthermore, the ankle stiffness models could be used as a baseline in developing patient-specific ankle rehabilitation protocols.
A Life-Course Approach to Understanding Differential Relevance of Deviant Peers for Predicting Cocaine/Crack Use:

Deviant peer association has been identified as a risk factor for cocaine/crack use. However, understanding is more limited regarding the stability in the salience of this effect across the life-co...
Immunologic Control of HIV-1: What Have We Learned and Can We Induce It?

A large amount of data now exists on the virus-specific immune response associated with spontaneous or induced immunologic control of lentiviruses. This review focuses on how the current understanding of HIV-specific immunity might be leveraged into induction of immunologic control and what further research is needed to accomplish this goal. During chronic infection, the function most robustly associated with immunologic control of HIV-1 is CD8+ T cell cytotoxic capacity. This function has proven difficult to restore in HIV-specific CD8+ T cells of chronically infected progressors in vitro and in vivo. However, progress has been made in inducing an effective CD8+ T cell response prior to lentiviral infection in the macaque model and during acute lentiviral infection in non-human primates. Further study will likely accelerate the ability to induce an effective CD8+ T cell response as part of prophylactic or therapeutic strategies.
Improving Social Welfare While Preserving Autonomy via a Pareto Mediator.

Machine learning algorithms often make decisions on behalf of agents with varied and sometimes conflicting interests. In domains where agents can choose to take their own action or delegate their action to a central mediator, an open question is how mediators should take actions on behalf of delegating agents. The main existing approach uses delegating agents to punish non-delegating agents in an attempt to get all agents to delegate, which tends to be costly for all. We introduce a Pareto Mediator which aims to improve outcomes for delegating agents without making any of them worse off. Our experiments in random normal form games, a restaurant recommendation game, and a reinforcement learning sequential social dilemma show that the Pareto Mediator greatly increases social welfare. Also, even when the Pareto Mediator is based on an incorrect model of agent utility, performance gracefully degrades to the pre-intervention level, due to the individual autonomy preserved by the voluntary mediator.