cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The undecidability of aliasing

Alias analysis is a prerequisite for performing most of the common program analyses such as reaching-definitions analysis or live-variables analysis. Landi [1992] recently established that it is impossible to compute statically precise alias information—either may-alias or must-alias—in languages with if statements, loops, dynamic storage, and recursive data structures: more precisely, he showed that the may-alias relation is not recursive, while the must-alias relation is not even recursively enumerable. This article presents simpler proofs of the same results.
Responses induced by stimuli that predict lateral hypothalamic stimulation

Four experiments attempted to establish conditioned consummatory behavior in rats using lateral hypothalamic (LH) stimulation as US. In the first, a light CS that predicted LH stimulation came to produce increased activity, but not eating, drinking, or gnawing. In the remaining three experiments, a different model of Pavlovian conditioning, derived from autoshaping, was used. Presentation of an illuminated drinking tube served as the stimulus that predicted LH stimulation. Many rats increased contact with and drinking from this predictive stimulus. Various controls showed that these increases were at least partly based on the contingency between tube presentation and LH stimulation. LH stimulation that induced a consummatory behavior was more likely to support increased drinking from the predictive tube than was LH stimulation that induced only increased activity. However, the kind of consummatory behavior the LH stimulation induced did not affect the occurrence of drinking from the predictive tube. This finding supports the hypothesis that LH stimulation in rats does not activate neural circuits associated with specific consummatory behaviors.
Do estrogen receptors play a role in the sexual differentiation of the rat brain

Several lines of evidence suggest that the conversion of testosterone to estradiol may play a decisive role in the sexual differentiation of the rat brain. This evidence includes the effectiveness of estrogens and aromatizable androgens on this process and the ineffectiveness of A-ring reduced androgens, which are not readily aromatized; and indications that anti-estrogens such as MER-25 may attenuate the actions of testosterone. Our own work has established the following points. 1. Testosterone-derived [3H]-estradiol is retained by cell nuclear receptor sites in hypothalamus, preoptic area, and amygdala of 5-day-old male and female rats. 2. Estrogen receptor sites resembling those in adult brain and pituitary are present in these brain regions of neonatal rats and in cerebral cortex as well, where there is no aromatizing activity. (The pre- and postnatal ontogeny of these estrogen receptors is described.) 3. An extracellular protein, identical with the α-fetoprotein, acts to retard natural estrogens from reaching these receptor sites during the first 2–3 weeks of postnatal life. 4. An anti-estrogen, CI 628, given to intact neonatal male rats, or to neonatal female rats prior to treatment with testoster-one-propionate (TP) attenuates the inhibition of lordosis behavior which would otherwise occur. CI 628 does not, under the conditions of our study, block the defeminizing effects of TP on ovarian cyclicity.
Early-life family structure and microbially induced cancer risk.

Background Cancer may follow exposure to an environmental agent after many decades. The bacterium Helicobacter pylori, known to be acquired early in life, increases risk for gastric adenocarcinoma, but other factors are also important. In this study, we considered whether early-life family structure affects the risk of later developing gastric cancer among H. pylori+ men. Methods and Findings We examined a long-term cohort of Japanese-American men followed for 28 y, and performed a nested case-control study among those carrying H. pylori or the subset carrying the most virulent cagA+ H. pylori strains to address whether family structure predicted cancer development. We found that among the men who were H. pylori+ and/or cagA+ (it is possible to be cagA+ and H. pylori− if the H. pylori test is falsely negative), belonging to a large sibship or higher birth order was associated with a significantly increased risk of developing gastric adenocarcinoma late in life. For those with cagA+ strains, the risk of developing gastric cancer was more than twice as high (odds ratio 2.2; 95% confidence interval 1.2–4.0) among those in a sibship of seven or more individuals than in a sibship of between one and three persons. Conclusions These results provide evidence that early-life social environment plays a significant role in risk of microbially induced malignancies expressing five to eight decades later, and these findings lead to new models to explain these interactions.
All-epitaxial VCSELs with tunnel QW-QD InGaAs-InAs gain medium

Quantum dot (QD) size distribution and limitations in carrier capture and thermalization rates are still limiting the maximum saturation gain in QD-based laser diodes and the utilization of QD-medium in all-epitaxial vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs). To overcome these problems structures of tunnel coupled pairs consisting of InGaAs quantum wells grown on top of self-assembled InAs QDs (QW-on-QDs) were employed as a gain medium for VCSELs. Photoluminescence, transmission electron microscopy and electroluminescence were used to study the properties of the multiple-layer QW-on-QDs active medium. QW-on-QDs tunnel structures with 3 - 5 nm tunnel barrier thicknesses and with different ground state (GS) relative separations were grown with varying InGaAs QW while the QD growth process parameters were kept constant. We have developed a tunnel QW-on-QDs structure with a QD PL line red-shifted by 32 meV relative to QW GS line. The narrow linewidth (22 meV) of this QD transition likely indicates an efficient LOphonon assisted tunneling of carriers from QW into QD ensemble states. Optimized tunnel (with 3 nm barrier thickness) QW-on-QDs structures were evaluated in VCSELs. All-epitaxial VCSELs with triple-pair tunnel QW-on-QDs as active medium demonstrated continuous wave mode lasing. These QD-based VCSELs with n-doped AlGaAs/GaAs mirrors and tunnel n-p junction exhibited 1.8 mA (Jth ~ 800 A/cm2) minimum threshold current at QD GS emission wavelength, 1135 nm, with 0.7mW optical power and 12% slope efficiency.
Deslorelin on Day 8 or 12 postovulation does not luteinize follicles during an artificially maintained diestrous phase in the mare

Practical estrus synchronization schemes are needed for mares. The Ovsynch synchronization protocol for cattle involves the administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) to induce ovulation or luteinization of dominant follicles during the luteal phase and prostaglandin 7 days later to cause regression of any luteal tissue and development of a preovulatory follicle. An Ovsynch-type synchronization program potentially could be developed for horses if luteinization or ovulation of diestrous follicles occurred in response to GnRH treatment. The objective of this study was to determine if administration of the GnRH agonist, deslorelin acetate, on Day 8 or 12 postovulation would induce luteinization or ovulation of diestrous follicles in the mare. The model used was cycling mares maintained in an artificial luteal phase by administration of a synthetic progestin following prostaglandin-induced luteal regression. On the day of ovulation, 21 light horse mares were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) no GnRH, altrenogest from Days 5 to 15 postovulation with prostaglandin on Day 15; (2) GnRH on Day 8, altrenogest from Days 5 to 15 with prostaglandin given on Day 6 to induce luteolysis of the primary corpus luteum, an implant containing 2.1mg of deslorelin acetate inserted on Day 8 and removed on Day 10, with a second prostaglandin treatment on Day 15; (3) GnRH on Day 12, altrenogest from Days 9 to 19, prostaglandin on Day 10, a deslorelin acetate implant injected on Day 12 (subsequently removed on Day 14), and a second dose of prostaglandin administered on Day 19. Follicular development was monitored every other day from Day 5 until a 30-mm sized follicle was observed, and then daily to detection of ovulation. Serum progesterone concentrations were determined daily for 12 consecutive days. Progesterone concentrations in Group 1 remained elevated until approximately Day 12 postovulation. Prostaglandin administration on Day 15 resulted in complete luteolysis in all seven mares. In Group 2, progesterone concentrations in six of seven mares declined to baseline after prostaglandin treatment. No increase in serum progesterone was noted in any of the six mares that were given GnRH on Day 8, including three mares that had diestrous follicles > or =30mm in diameter at the time of treatment. Similarly, progesterone concentrations in six of seven mares in Group 3 declined to baseline after prostaglandin and there was no increase in progesterone after administration of GnRH on Day 12. No ultrasound evidence of luteinization or ovulation of diestrous follicles were noted after GnRH administration in any mares of Group 2 or 3. In conclusion, administration of the GnRH agonist deslorelin acetate to mares failed to induce luteinization or ovulation of diestrous follicles. Consequently, the Ovsynch program (as used in cattle) has little efficacy for synchronization of estrus in mares.
Generalization of hill's 1979 anisotropic yield criteria

Limitations of Hill's 1979 yield criteria have been identified and a generalization of Case (4) of Hill's theory has been developed. The new theory allows for the inclusion of shear stress components as well as planar anisotropy of the sheet metals. The conditions for convexity of the yield function have been established mathematically. The constitutive equation developed by the author can be incorporated readily into a finite-element code for producibility assessment and tool/die development of sheet-metal forming processes. It provides an accurate description of anisotropic material behavior of automotive body sheets and thus improves the predictive capability of finite-element simulation.
Mechanical strain activates a program of genes functionally involved in paracrine signaling of angiogenesis.

Studies were performed to examine the extent to which mechanical stimuli mediate control of angiogenesis in bladder cells both in vitro and in vivo. Differential gene expression between control nonstretched and cyclically stretched bladder smooth muscle cells was assessed using oligonucleotide microarrays and pathway analysis by the web tool Fast Assignment and Transference of Information (FatiGO). Data showed that a substantial proportion (33 of 86) of mechanically responsive genes were angiogenesis-related and include cytokines, growth-related factors, adhesion proteins, and matricellular, signal transduction, extracellular matrix (ECM), and inflammatory molecules. Integrative knowledge of protein-protein interactions revealed that 12 mechano-sensitive gene-encoded proteins have interacting partner(s) in the vascular system confirming their potential role in paracrine regulation of angiogenesis. Angiogenic genes include matricellular proteins such as Cyr61/CCN1, CTGF/CCN2 and tenascin C, components of the VEGF and IGF systems, ECM proteins such as type I collagen and proteoglycans, and matrix metalloproteinases. In an in vivo model of bladder overdistension, 5 of 11 mechano-responsive angiogenic genes, independently tested by real-time PCR, were upregulated as a result of pressure overload including Cyr61/CCN1, CTGF/CCN2, MCP-1, VEGF-A, MMP-1, and midkine. Meanwhile, the molecular anatomy of angiogenic gene promoters reveals the presence of GA box-binding for the myc-associated zinc finger protein, MAZ, often found adjacent to binding sites for mechano-responsive transcription factors (e.g., NF-κB), suggesting that the coordinated activity of these factors may induce selective angiogenic gene transcription. These data suggest that mechanical control of angiogenic genes is an integral part of the adaptive and plasticity responses to mechanical overload.
200 degrees C operation of semiconductor power devices

There is a growing need for commercial and military power electronics to operate above 175 degrees C. Changes in operating parameters at 200 degrees C have been measured for four devices, an NPN bipolar junction transistor (BJT), an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), an N-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET), and a P-type MOS controlled thyristor (MCT). Using the results of these measurements, power supplies have been built using IGBTs and MOSFETs and operated at an ambient temperature of 200 degrees C for up to 72 h. >
Human thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG): Heterogeneity within individuals and among individuals demonstrated by isoelectric focusing

Isoelectric focusing of human plasma samples labeled in vitro with [125I]-thyroxine reveals considerable biochemical and genetic variation in thyroxine-binding globulin. (1) In all individuals tested, at least three primary isoelectric bands are seen in the pH range of 4.2 to 4.5, with additional bands at lower pH ranges. Similar patterns are produced by plasma from nonhuman primates. These band differences appear to be the result of differences in sialic acid content. TBG produces a single electrophoretic band on standard polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. (2) Genetically determined, X-linked differences in electrophoretic mobility of TBG are observed in several human populations. Female homozygotes or male hemizygotes for the TBG slow variant (TBG-S) produce band patterns shifted by 0.5 pH unit cathodal to the common pattern (TBG-C). Female heterozygotes produce patterns with six-plus bands, representing the simple sum of the common and slow types. This difference is not the result of differences in sialic acid content. The gene frequency of this variant is 10% in American Blacks. (3) In pregnant women additional anodal bands are observed, giving the impression of a “shift,” by integral steps, in the pattern relative to the nonpregnant type. This shift is abolished by mild neuraminidase treatment.
The Elastic Properties of the Structurally Characterized Myosin II S2 Subdomain: A Molecular Dynamics and Normal Mode Analysis

Abstract The elastic properties (stretching and bending moduli) of myosin are expected to play an important role in its function. Of particular interest is the extended α -helical coiled-coil portion of the molecule. Since there is no high resolution structure for the entire coiled-coil, a study is made of the scallop myosin II S2 subdomain for which an x-ray structure is available (Protein Data Bank 1nkn). We estimate the stretching and bending moduli of the S2 subdomain with an atomic level model by use of molecular simulations. Results were obtained from nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations in the presence of an external force, from the fluctuations in equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations and from normal modes. In addition, a poly-Ala (78 amino acid residues) α -helix model was examined to test the methodology and because of its interest as part of the lever arm. As expected, both the α -helix and coiled-coil S2 subdomain are very stiff for stretching along the main axis, with the stretching stiffness constant in the range 60–80 pN/nm (scaled to the 60nm long S2). Both molecules are much more flexible for bending with a lateral stiffness of ∼0.010pN/nm for the S2 and 0.0055pN/nm for the α -helix (scaled to 60nm). These results are expected to be useful in estimating cross-bridge elasticity, which is required for understanding the strain-dependent transitions in the actomyosin cycle and for the development of three-dimensional models of muscle contraction.
K-theoretic invariants for Floer homology

This paper defines two K-theoretic invariants, Wh 1 and Wh 2 ,f or individual and one-parameter families of Floer chain complexes. The chain complexes are generated by intersection points of two Lagrangian submanifolds of a symplectic manifold, and the boundary maps are determined by holomorphic curves connecting pairs of intersection points. The paper proves that Wh 1 and Wh 2 do not depend on the choice of almost complex structures and are invariant under Hamiltonian deformations. The proof of this invariance uses properties of holomorphic curves, parametric gluing theorems, and a stabilization process.
Elevated Pain Sensitivity in Chronic Pain Patients at Risk for Opioid Misuse

This study employed quantitative sensory testing (QST) to evaluate pain responses in chronic spinal pain patients at low risk and high risk for opioid misuse, with risk classification based on scores on the Screener and Opioid Assessment for Patients with Pain-Revised (SOAPP-R). Patients were further sub-grouped according to current use of prescription opioids. Of the 276 chronic pain patients tested, approximately 65% were taking opioids; a median split was used to further categorize these patients as being on lower or higher doses of opioids. The highrisk group (n= 161) reported higher levels of clinical pain, had lower pressure and thermal pain thresholds at multiple body sites, had lower heat pain tolerance, and rated repetitive mechanical stimuli as more painful relative to the low-risk group (n= 115; p’s< .01). In contrast, QST measures did not differ across opioid groups. Multiple linear regression analysis suggested that indices of pain-related distress (i.e., anxiety and catastrophizing about pain) were also predictive of hyperalgesia, particularly in patients taking opioids. Collectively, regardless of opioid status, the high-risk group was hyperalgesic relative to the low-risk group; future opioid treatment studies may benefit from the classification of opioid risk, and the examination of pain sensitivity and other factors that differentiate high- and low-risk groups.
Soft Cartography: Furnishing the Post‐Proportional Body

(2002). Soft Cartography: Furnishing the Post-Proportional Body. Journal of Architectural Education: Vol. 56, No. 2, pp. 44-47.
A Feasibility Study of Extended Chemotherapy for Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Phase II Trial of Cancer and Leukemia Group B

The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of additional chemotherapy beyond 5 weeks of vinblastine-cisplatin followed by radiation therapy for patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer. In this randomized phase II trial, the goal was to determine, in a similar population of patients, the toxicity of either of two additional chemotherapy programs.Ninety-one patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer received the same induction regime of vinblastine/cisplatin/radiotherapy. In patients randomized to regime 1, an additional four cycles of vinblastine/cisplatin were given after the radiotherapy. In regimen 2, six weekly doses of carboplatin were given concurrent with the radiotherapy.The additional four cycles of vinblastine and cisplatin were completed by 34% of patients; the concurrent carboplatin program was completed by 70% of patients. Grade 3 or 4 granulocytopenia occurred in 53% of patients on regime I versus 17% on regime 2 (p < 0.003); grade 3 or 4 nausealvomiting occ...
EFFECTS OF A RECREATIONAL IMPOUNDMENT ON NEARBY NATURAL LAKES: A CASE STUDY

ABSTRACT: Completion of a 1270 acre recreational impoundment (Legend Lake) in the glacial sands of Menominee County, Wisconsin, produced geochemical and hydrologic alterations in some nearby natural lakes. The impoundment was produced by the construction of three dams, one of which proved to be temporary, connecting 9 natural lakes and ponds of 383 acres with 951 acres of flooded lands. Water levels were raised 3–15 feet within the impounded area. Much of the flooded area was peat rich wetland associated with the prior drainage. Water depths are less than 15 feet in 70% of the impoundment. Three seepage lakes, located less than 1/2 mile from the impoundment, experienced shoreline flooding, shoreline and soil erosion, some tree kills, and increased turbidity. These lakes also experienced concentration increases in several chemical constituents which indicate an influx of impoundment water through a regional alternation in the groundwater flow paths. The three lakes were connected by canals, and a 2.3 cfs gravity drain with an auxiliary pumping station was built to return excess water to the outflow of the impoundment. Future projects of this type would benefit from a more extensive hydrologic and geochemical analysis prior to initiation. Had environmental assessments been required at the time of this development, as they now are in Wisconsin for similar projects, some of the problems encountered might have been alleviated.
Malignant glioma drug discovery - targeting protein kinases

Malignant gliomas are uncommon, but extremely lethal, cancers. Current standard-of-care includes surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, but recent research has generated a shift towards targeting the aberrant signal transduction components that underlie the pathogenesis of malignant gliomas. Protein kinases are a family of enzymes that are key elements in signal transduction-regulated cellular homeostasis subdivided based on their catalytic activity into tyrosine kinases and serine/threonine kinases. Protein kinases can be deregulated by several mechanisms, including genomic rearrangement, mutations of oncogenes or loss of tumour suppressor genes and overexpression or mutation of growth factor receptors to contribute to cancer initiation and maintenance. In malignant gliomas, several protein kinases are commonly over activated and may represent new therapeutic targets. Two main classes of agents targeting protein kinases are monoclonal antibodies and small-molecule inhibitors. In clinical trials, these molecularly targeted therapies have demonstrated limited efficacy as single agents in unselected malignant glioma patient populations. Several mechanisms of the failure of targeted agent monotherapies have been elucidated as new therapeutic strategies have emerged to overcome the resistance. Multi-targeted kinase inhibitors and combinations of single-targeted kinase inhibitors with one another or with traditional cytotoxics may increase treatment efficacy. Identification of biomarkers of response or resistance will be of paramount importance to enrich patients for specific targeted agents based on their genetic/molecular signature. In this review, the authors discuss the role of protein kinases in malignant glioma and how to target aberrant protein kinases with novel therapeutics.
A rapid measurement for cotton breeders of maturity and fineness from developing and mature fibers

The Cottonscope simultaneously measures a cotton fiber’s maturity and fineness using a small amount of fiber sample. A program of testing was devised to establish the potential and capabilities of the Cottonscope to rapidly and accurately measure maturity and fineness of small quantities of near-isogenic cotton lines (NILs), and to examine the use of the Cottonscope maturity distributions for breeder applications. Cottonscope measurements were performed on mature and immature fibers of varying days post-anthesis (DPA) from two pairs of NILs (MD 52ne versus MD 90ne; TM-1 versus the low maturity im). The patterns of cotton maturity and fineness during cotton fiber development of each NIL measured by the Cottonscope were compared to those measured by more conventional methods (e.g. the Advanced Fiber Information System (AFIS), an older and currently more widely used method). The Cottonscope maturity and fineness results were much more responsive to increasing DPA than the AFIS results, and the patterns of Co...
A semi-automatic relative calibration of a fixed and PTZ camera pair for master-slave control

A PTZ camera has the capability to cater to a much larger area of coverage when compared to a fixed field of view (FOV) camera. However, to utilize the full capability of a PTZ camera, it is necessary to have analytics to support event based autonomous camera control, such as automatic tracking of moving objects (people and vehicles), and zooming on to a face or car license plate to get a closer look. This is achieved by operating a PTZ camera in tandem with a fixed camera or a single PTZ camera operating stand alone under a master-slave control mode. One critical requirement of master-slave control operation is establishing a relative calibration between the master camera view and PTZ camera orientation parameters (pan, tilt and zoom angles). This paper presents a semiautomatic approach1 for solving relative calibration between the master and slave camera pairs that can be used in field with minimum effort.
Challenge and opportunity: nurse practitioner programs partnering with managed care.

Purpose To examine the experiences of nurse practitioner (NP) students who participated in a collaborative educational program between the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, and Health New England (HNE) Health Plan, Springfield, MA. Nurse practitioner faculty and managed care executives shared resources to educate NP students and to address their perceptions about managed care. Data Sources Verbatim transcriptions and journal writings of students specifically designated as Partnerships for Quality Education (PQE) trainees” and reports of their fellow classmates, all of whom received varying extent of access to managed care theory, administrative, and clinical experiences within the HNE plan. Conclusions The experiences of the PQE trainees revealed a greatly expanded understanding of managed care that challenged students' previous beliefs. They reported greater satisfaction with program participation than their classmates, had an unprecedented opportunity to articulate the NP role to a managed care organization (MCO), and learned that a collaborative, rather than an adversarial, relationship with an MCO produces better outcomes for patients and providers. Many students in the class, including some of the PQE trainees, were concerned, however, about what they perceived as managed care “taking time away from clinical issues,” which they considered more important. Implications for Teaching and Practice There is a need for balance between both managed care and clinical content in NP programs, yet students must have an intimate grasp of both if they are to survive in today's health care environment.
In situ index-of-refraction measurements of the South Polar firn with the RICE detector

Using the RICE (Radio Ice Cherenkov Experiment) detector at the South Pole, we have estimated the variation in the index of refraction (n) of the firn, as a function of elevation (z) measured from the surface down to z ¼ -150 m. Measurements were made by lowering a dipole transmitter into a dry (5 in (127 mm) caliber) borehole, originally drilled for the RICE experiment in 1998, and determining signal arrival times, as a function of transmitter depth, in the englacial RICE receiver array. We clearly confirm the expected correlation of n(z) with ice density. Our measurements are in fair agreement with previous laboratory characterizations of the dielectric properties of ice cores. These are the first such in situ measurements to be performed at the South Pole.
Actively Controlled Manipulation of a Magnetic Microbead Using Quadrupole Magnetic Tweezers

This paper presents the theoretical analysis and experimental investigation of actively controlled manipulation of a magnetic microbead using quadrupole magnetic tweezers. Bead dynamics, magnetic actuation, and visual measurement are analyzed. A feedback control law is developed and implemented to stabilize and steer the motion of the magnetic microbead. It is developed in two steps. First, an inverse model, which is associated with a lumped-parameter analytical force model, is derived to enable feedback linearization. Second, linear controllers are designed to achieve motion stabilization and manipulation of the magnetic microbead. A proportional-gain controller along with feedback linearization is implemented to establish a stable trapping of the magnetic bead to facilitate system calibration. Experiments are then performed to validate the derived inverse force model and theoretical analysis. In addition, a minimum-variance controller is designed and employed to reduce the variance of the bead's Brownian motion. The control performance in terms of variance reduction, nanostepping, and large-range steering is then experimentally demonstrated.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF SPINDLE MICROTUBULES DURING MITOSIS IN CULTURED HUMAN CELLS

WI-38 and HeLa cells in mitosis have been selected from fixed monolayer cultures and serially sectioned for electron microscopy. Sections perpendicular to the spindle axis permit counting of the number of microtubules at each position on the spindle axis and hence the preparation of tubule distribution profiles. Errors intrinsic to this method are discussed. The changes in the tubule distributions from one mitotic stage to another provide evidence concerning the behavior of the spindle tubules during mitosis. The ratio of the number of tubules passing the chromosomes on the metaphase plate to the maximum number in each half spindle is about 1/2. This ratio changes little in early anaphase, and then decreases in late anaphase at about the same time that a zone of increased tubule number develops at the middle of the interzone. The region where the stem bodies form contains about 3/2 the number of tubules seen elsewhere in the interzone. This ratio is almost constant as the mid-body forms in telophase and then increases to 2/1 in early interphase before the final stages of cytokinesis occur.
A CMOS Low-Noise Amplifier With Reconfigurable Input Matching Network

A reconfigurable low-noise amplifier (LNA) with tunable input matching network is proposed. The tunable input matching network provides continuous tuning of the input resonant circuit. The LNA is implemented using 0.13-mum CMOS technology. The amplifier has a tuning range of 1.9-2.4 GHz with an input return loss better than -13 dB. The LNA has a measured voltage gain of 10-14 dB and a noise figure of 3.2-3.7 dB within the band. The LNA consumes 14 mA from a 1.2-V supply. The detailed analysis of the proposed LNA, including the tuning range and additional noise of the proposed reconfigurable input matching network, is presented. To our knowledge, this is the first architecture that provides continuous tuning of the input matching network.
Cell adhesion molecules in inflammation and thrombosis: status and prospects

Cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions play vital roles in morphogenesis, inflammation, thrombosis, wound healing, immune surveillance, and growth and metastasis. A number of cell surface receptors, so-called cell adhesion molecules (CAMS), mediate these events in various cell types. In leukocytes and platelets, several CAM families interact with each other or with the extracellular matrix in a well-orchestrated manner, to bring these circulating cells to areas of antigenic challenge and tissue injury. Significant progress has been made recently in understanding the molecular basis of leukocyte recruitment into tissues and the formation of the hemostatic plug. Several murine or humanized monoclonal antibodies directed against key adhesion receptors that mediate these events have been found effective in taming immune and thrombotic injury in experimental animal models and in phase I clinical trials. These advances herald the arrival of a novel class of antiinflammatory and antithrombotic drugs, the antiadhesions, which will likely be effective in many clinical situations facing the nephrologist and internist.
Eicosapentaenoic acid promotes thermogenic and fatty acid storage capacity in mouse subcutaneous adipocytes.

Abstract In this study, we determined if eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) promotes beneficial metabolic activities of subcutaneous adipocytes. Stromal-vascular (SV) cells were isolated from inguinal adipose tissue of C57BL/6 mice and induced to differentiate into adipocytes. EPA effect on thermogenic and mitochondrial gene expression and oxidative metabolism were assessed in inguinal adipocytes. When added to SV cell cultures during 8 day differentiation, EPA significantly increased the expression of thermogenic genes UCP1-3, CIDEA and VEGFα. Moreover, EPA increased mitochondrial DNA content and the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis including PGC1α, Nrf1 and COXiv. However, this effect was not perceived when EPA was added to mature inguinal adipocytes for 24 h, suggesting that EPA exerts its browning effect via recruiting brite adipocytes. Consistently, long-term EPA treatment also upregulated AMPKα phosphorylation and CPT1 expression and increased glucose uptake and GLUT4 mRNA expression, suggesting improved mitochondrial oxidation. Additionally, EPA-treated adipocytes had enlarged lipid droplets and increased expression of triglyceride synthesis genes GPAT1 and GPAT3, while significantly decreased glycerol release and down-regulation of HSL and ATGL gene expression. We conclude that EPA enhances energy dissipation capacity by recruiting brite adipocytes to stimulate oxidative metabolism and reduces fatty acid release by facilitating fatty acid storage in subcutaneous adipocytes.
Designing a Robot’s Brain: An In-Class Learning Task

In this article I discuss a learning task adapted for the college classroom in which students learn about the parts and functions of the brain by designing a robot’s brain. This task is based on a four-phase model (engage, inform, practice, and feedback) of instructional design outlined by McAlpine (2004). I describe the four phases in relation to this learning task and provide samples of student feedback. I conclude with a discussion of how this model maximizes student learning.
Comparison of SNP and microsatellite genotyping panels for spatial assignment of individuals to natal range: A case study using the American black bear (Ursus americanus)

Abstract Analysis of multilocus genotypes is fundamental to conservation genetics, allowing inference ranging from population delineation to identification of dispersers; additionally, the natal range of a sample of unknown origin may be assigned. We investigated the accuracy and precision of two methods (spatial smoothing and principal components regression) for natal assignment with five datasets that varied in marker type (microsatellites or SNPs), number of loci, and number of training samples. Accuracy varied between datasets where the median difference between true and estimated geographic locations ranged from 192 to 902 km. A dataset using 1000 SNP loci and the spatial smoothing method was both the most accurate and precise. We observed that natal inference from SNPs was more accurate and precise than when estimated using microsatellites, and that large numbers of SNP loci could overcome having few samples in the training dataset. Our results suggest cautious interpretation of natal assignments, as 52% or fewer test samples were assigned to the correct management jurisdiction. In addition, samples from continuous habitat had less accurate assignments than samples from isolated areas whether due to landscape barriers or anthropogenic fragmentation. The use of natal inference as a tool for management agencies may work well at the regional level, given sufficient input data; however, we clearly observed limits on the spatial scale of inference and consequently on the effectiveness of genotypes as a sole source for natal inference.
Green Chemistry with Microwave Energy

Green chemistry utilizes a set of 12 principles that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture, and applications of chemical products [1]. This newer chemical approach protects the environment by inventing safer and eco-friendly chemical processes that prevent pollution “at source” rather than cleaning up “end-of-the-pipe” by-products and pollutants generated by traditional synthesis.
Regulation of the human adenosine deaminase gene by first intron sequences: a T-cell enhancer.

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is expressed ubiquitously in mammalian cells and tissues but the levels vary greatly according to tissue and species. In humans the thymus exhibits levels of ADA up to 100-fold higher than most other tissues. In the large first intron of the human ADA gene, our laboratory previously identified a complex cis regulatory region 4–10 kb downstream of the first exon (Aronow et al., 1989). This region exhibits an array of DNase I hypersensitive sites, some of which are tissue specific. Inclusion of intronic fragments encompassing this region in hybrid transgene constructions conveyed generalized expression of the transgene in all tissues and very high level transgene expression in thymus. Transfection-transient assay experiments with plasmids containing hybrid gene constructions indicated that this intronic region contains a lymphoid specific enhancer that functions in a potent manner in T cells that express high levels of ADA. Studies indicated that this putative enhancer lay within a 1.3 kb intronic fragment that encompasses hypersensitive sites II and III. In the studies described here, we have continued to utilize hybrid gene constructions that contain the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) coding sequence (as a reporter gene) and human ADA gene fragments to promote expression. These constructions have been used in transfection studies to characterize the enhancer.
High Upconversion Efficiency from Hetero Triplet–Triplet Annihilation in Multiacceptor Systems

We report the observation of very high triplet–triplet annihilation (TTA) upconversion efficiency in single-sensitizer/multiacceptor systems. A hetero-TTA process between triplet acceptors of different types is believed to account for the synergistic effect leading to the high upconversion efficiency. The upconversion quantum yield of the dual-acceptor system is much higher than the sum of the two single-acceptor systems.
Subsonic/transonic, viscous/inviscid relaxation procedures for strong pressure interactions

A multi-sweep relaxation procedure is considered for inviscid and viscous flows using reduced (pressure-elliptic) Navler-Stokes (RNS) equations. Subsonic and transonic, inviscid. laminar and turbulent flows are solved for NACA0012 airfoil and parabolic-arc airfoil geometries. The incompressible turbulent flow field in the wake of a flat plate trailing edge is also examined. The equations are written in conformal body-fitted coordinates and differenced on a staggered grid to obtain accwacy between first and second-order for the RNS system. The velocities, pressure and density are fully coupled in the algorithm and the pressure gradient in the axial momentum equation is split into a hyperbolic o r marching component and an elliptic or relaxation component. These represent the supersonic and incompressible limits respectively. For subsonic flow an optimum combination of these two elements helps to improve the rate of convergence as well as the accuracy. F o r transonic flows, preliminary results are presented and the question of shock capturing is addressed. W
On a Diophantine Equation with No Nontrivial Integral Solution

(1966). On a Diophantine Equation with No Nontrivial Integral Solution. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 73, No. 5, pp. 471-477.
Attenuation and Backscatter Estimation Using Video Signal Analysis Applied to B-Mode Images

Most methods for in vivo quantitation of ultrasound attenuation and backscatter are not available clinically because they rely upon acquiring and analyzing radio frequency (rf) echo signals. This paper describes a technique to estimate ultrasound attenuation and backscatter from B-mode image data. The video signal analysis (VSA) technique utilizes images of a reference phantom, taken using the same instrument settings used to record images from the patient or sample, to account for effects of the transducer beam, system gain and signal processing on image data. A ‘gray-scale look-up table’ is derived to convert image pixel value data within a region of interest to echo signal amplitudes relative to echo signals from the same depth in the reference phantom. These relative echo levels enable estimates of attenuation and backscatter in the region of interest. VSA was used to quantify acoustic properties of test phantoms using 3 different clinical scanners and various transducers. The level of agreement betwe...
J. M. Keynes, Like Benoit Mandelbrot, Was Right. They (Econometricians, Statisticians) Do Not Know What They Are Doing

S. Stigler’s University of Chicago view of J M Keynes’s A Treatise on Probability, that only its literary style recommends it to a potential reader, is based entirely on a completely worthless book review written by Ronald Fisher in 1923. However, Stigler is an excellent example of a profession that has lost its way by conflating, like Jerry Bentham and Frank Ramsey did before him, rationality with adherence to the strictly mathematical laws of the calculus of probability.Stigler, like Fisher before him, overlooked that Keynes’s A Treatise on Probability (1921) was constantly being monitored, while Keynes was writing it, by the most illustrious names in the fields of philosophy and mathematical logic at the beginning of the 20th century, namely J Nevile Keynes, Bertrand Russell, Alfred North Whitehead, William Ernest Johnson, and CD Broad. Of course, everyone, except Broad and Edgeworth, overlooked the seminal role of George Boole, upon whose work in Chapters 16-21 of The Laws of Thought (1854) Keynes built the foundation for his logical theory of probability using interval valued probabilities. None of Stigler’s conclusions, as regards his evaluation of Keynes’s A Treatise on Probability, make any sense.
The Function Of General Head Nurse In The Hospital Nursing Administration

To investigate the effect of the supervising of nursing care in the hospital nursing administration.According to the working standard of the supervising of nursing care and the requirement of "third-grade class-A hospital",information transmission and communication should be done well between the nursing department and the head nurse.Furthermore,the general head nuese should supervise the basic care,check and evaluate the quality of specific nursing,organize the professional training and so on.The general head nurse has played an important role in clinic communication and coordination,nursing quality control,professional training and emergency response.The quality of nursing work can be enhanced in each department.
Eisdrift der Fram 1893 - 1896

Nach den Erfahrungen der osterreichisch-ungarischen Tegetthoff-Expedition 1872–1874 nach Franz- Josef-Land, dass es kein sommerlich ‚eisfreies‘ Nordpolarmeer gab, und den Beobachtungen von Nordenskiolds Vega-Expedition 1878–1879 entlang der nordsibirischen Kuste, die nur durch die Tauwasser der sibirischen Strome eine ufernahe eisfreie sommerliche Fahrrinne gefunden hatte, schien eigentlich kein Platz mehr fur einen auf den Nordpol gerichteten Schiffsvorstos. Wenn sich auch August Petermanns Hypothese des im Sommer aufgetauten Eismeeres als unzutreffend erwiesen hatte, so entwickelte der norwegische Ozeanograph Henrik Mohn daraus die Theorie einer von den Neu-Sibirischen Inseln uber den Pol hinweg zur Gronlandsee unter dem Eise gehenden und dieses ‚mitnehmenden‘ Meeresstromung. Diesen Ansatz nutzte der norwegische Biologe Fridtjof Nansen (1861–1930), um der Norwegischen Geographischen Gesellschaft 1890 die uberwiegend auf Skepsis stosende Idee zu unterbreiten, ein Schiff bei den Neu-Sibirischen Inseln einfrieren und mit der Drift zum oder doch so nahe zum Pol driften zu lassen, um denselben mit einem Hundeschlittenvorstos von Bord des Schiffes zu erreichen.
Computer model of electrophysiological instability in very small heterogeneous ventricular syncytia

Computer simulations based on a model of transmembrane currents and intracellular Ca2+ flux of an isolated guinea pig myocyte [Nordin, C. Am. J. Physiol. 265 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 34): H2117-H2136,...
Transient leakage of point-defects in gate oxide due to spatially transported constant-source of phosphorus contaminants

The transient leakage specifically within pMOS gate oxide has been for the first time connected to excessive phosphorus contaminants as a constant source of defects at gate oxidation. A 3D spatial analysis of defect transportation and formation was critical to the first-time success in design of experiment. By avoiding a significant build-up of phosphorus-contaminants inside the gate oxidation furnace, the pMOS-specific gate oxide defects due to the transient leakage have been eliminated, thus improving product yield and potentially enhancing gate oxide reliability.
Patterns of Change: Forces and Motion

ABSTRACTPatterns of Change: Forces and Motion is an integrated science lesson that uses the 5E lesson cycle to tie together science with language arts, mathematics, literature, technology, engineering and social studies in an engaging format applicable for young learners. This lesson has been uniquely designed for the purpose of providing elementary teachers with ideas for using hands-on minds-on activities to foster inquiry and discussion, while engaging their students to use technology as a learning tool. This lesson has been used on the elementary level to teach students about the forces that have an effect on motion.
Late Miocene global cooling and the rise of modern ecosystems

A period of continental aridification and ecosystem change occurred about seven million years ago. A global sea surface temperature reconstruction identifies cooling temperatures and a strengthened meridional temperature gradient at this time.
Beyond quota seats for women in the Tanzanian legislature

AbstractTo assess the utility of quota experience in winning open seats, this article examined the factors explaining why only a small number of quota members of parliament (MPs) switch to non-quota seats in the context of Tanzania, where quota seats for women have been in place for three decades. Despite the socioeconomic and political forces offsetting the advantages of quota seats, special seats, if used effectively, are instrumental to winning constituency seats. To materialize a switch to a constituency seat, an early decision to run, strategic selection of a constituency, a track record of service to the target constituency, and mobilization of grassroots women are essential for special-seat women. The findings of this study, therefore, shed some light on how women’s parliamentary representation can move beyond the dependence on gender quotas.