cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Recovery of Nitrogen in Fresh and Pelletized Poultry Litter by Rice

The N-fertilizer value of preplant incorporated poultry litter for rice (Oryza sativa L.) grown using the direct-seeded, delayed-flood (DF) production system is unknown. The research objective was to compare preplant incorporated fresh (FPL) and pelleted (PPL) poultry litter with urea applied preflood to determine the urea-nitrogen (N) equivalence of poultry litter for rice. Fresh and pelleted litter were preplant incorporated at total-N rates ranging from 34 to 270 kg N ha -1 and compared with urea applied preflood at rates ranging from 34 to 168 kg N ha -1 at five site-years on silt loam soils. Net-N uptakes and grain yields between FPL and PPL were similar, but significantly lower when compared with urea applied preflood, regardless of site-year. By heading, when averaged across all N rates and site-years, rice recovery of the urea-N applied preflood averaged 76%. In contrast, the apparent recovery of N applied as FPL or PPL averaged only 14%. Net-grain yields for rice fertilized with urea increased nonlinearly as N rate increased with near maximal yields produced with ≥101 kg urea-N ha -1 . Grain yields for FPL and PPL increased linearly and approached the near maximal yields produced with urea-N only when 270 kg total-N ha -1 was applied. Based on net grain yield, multiplying the total-N content in FPL and PPL by 0.25 reasonably estimates its equivalence to urea applied preflood. Recommended preflood urea-N rates should be decreased by 0.25 times the total N applied as poultry litter.
Order imbalance and individual stock returns: theory and evidence

Abstract This paper studies the relation between order imbalances and daily returns of individual stocks. Our tests are motivated by a model which considers how market makers dynamically accommodate autocorrelated imbalances emanating from large traders who optimally choose to split their orders. Price pressures caused by autocorrelated imbalances cause a positive relation between lagged imbalances and returns, which reverses sign after controlling for the current imbalance. We find empirical evidence consistent with these implications. We also find that imbalance-based trading strategies yield statistically significant returns. Our results shed light on the role of inventory effects in daily stock price movements.
FIRST INVESTIGATION ON THE L EDGES OF THE 249CF AQUO ION BY X-RAY ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY

For the first time, the californium aquo ion has been investigated by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. LI, LII, and LIII edge parameters have been reported to be further used as reference data for ionization edge calculations. The coordination number and first neighbor distance around the aquo Cf3+ have also been determined.
Hyphenation of infrared spectroscopy to liquid chromatography for qualitative and quantitative polymer analysis: degradation of poly(bisphenol A)carbonate.

Hyphenation of infrared spectroscopy (IR) to liquid chromatography (LC) has been applied to study chemical changes in poly(bisphenol A)carbonate (PC) as a result of degradation. Especially coupling of LC to FTIR through solvent elimination is a sensitive approach to identify changes in functionality observed in the LC chromatograms as has been demonstrated by coupling of liquid chromatography under critical conditions (LCCC) to IR. Furthermore, an example is shown in which two-dimensional liquid chromatography, i.e. LCCC × SEC, was coupled to IR by means of a flow cell. This resulted in data sets containing most probably valuable data, but extracting relevant information from these large data sets is not straightforward at all. Therefore, multivariate data analysis (MVDA) of SEC-FTIR data was used to extract relevant data from large data sets. This approach revealed chemical differences due to degradation that could not be detected by other means. Spectral features could be identified that allowed to quantitatively predict the degradation of poly(bisphenol A)carbonate as a function of degradation conditions. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Prediction of swimmability in a brackish water body

Purpose – The primary objective of this study is to develop a predictive model that will predict the swimmability of certain areas of a brackish water body (Lake Pontchartrain) based on physicochemical and meteorological conditions.Design/methodology/approach – Samples were collected and analyzed for bacteria indicator organisms at 13 sites along and adjacent to Lincoln Beach for four years. Physicochemical parameters and meteorological data were also recorded. A logistic regression model and an artificial neural networks (ANNs) model were both used to predict whether a lake condition is “safe to swim” or “not safe to swim”, given only physicochemical and meteorological parameters.Findings – Both models predicted very well the results observed when lake conditions were “safe to swim” (97.7 percent of time the statistical model predicted correctly and an average >99.5 percent of the time for the ANNs model). However, for conditions under which the lake water quality was “not safe to swim”, the statistical ...
Negative Evidence and Its Explicitness and Positioning in the Learning of Korean as a Heritage Language

This study examined the effectiveness of negative evidence and its explicitness and positioning factors in the learning of Korean as a heritage language at the postsecondary level. The explicitness factor was divided into explicit versus implicit categories, depending on the presence or absence of an alternative corrective form during interaction. The positioning factor was divided into proactive versus reactive categories, depending on whether negative evidence utterances were provided prior to or immediately after the learner's deviant form during interaction. Forty-five second-generation Korean-American learners were randomly assigned to the following conditions: (a) explicit/proactive; (b) explicit/reactive; (c) implicit/reactive; and (d) provision of backchannels (control). It was revealed that negative evidence was indeed effective in either explicit or implicit form, but the benefits of negative evidence became more prominent when the negative evidence utterances immediately followed the learners' production of a non-target-like form than when the negative evidence utterances preceded their output. Although negative evidence helped the heritage learners to retreat from the non-target-like form, the positive effects of negative evidence faded over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Comparison of relativistic nucleon-nucleon interactions

We investigate the difference between those relativistic models based on interpreting a realistic nucleon-nucleon interaction as a perturbation of the square of a relativistic mass operator and those models that use the method of Kamada and Gl\"ockle to construct an equivalent interaction to add to the relativistic mass operator. Although both models reproduce the phase shifts and binding energy of the corresponding nonrelativistic model, they are not scattering equivalent. The example of elastic electron-deuteron scattering in the one-photon-exchange approximation is used to study the sensitivity of three-body observables to these choices. Our conclusion is that the differences in the predictions of the two models can be understood in terms of the different ways in which the relativistic and nonrelativistic S matrices are related. We argue that the mass squared method is consistent with conventional procedures used to fit the Lorentz-invariant cross section as a function of the laboratory energy.
Characterization of the structure and regulation of the murine gene encoding gut-enriched Krüppel-like factor (Krüppel-like factor 4).

Gut-enriched Kruppel-like factor (GKLF, KLF4) is an epithelial-specific transcription factor whose expression is associated with growth arrest. In order to understand the mechanisms regulating expression of the gene encoding GKLF, we isolated a genomic clone containing murine GKLF. The gene spans 5.3 kb and contains four exons. A major start site of transcription was mapped to an adenine residue 601 nt 5' of the translation initiation codon. An additional 1 kb of the 5'-flanking region was sequenced and found to contain multiple cis -elements homologous to the binding sites of several established transcription factors including Sp1, AP-1, Cdx, GATA, and USF. In particular, three closely spaced GC-boxes 5' of the TATA box resemble the established binding site for GKLF. DNase I protection and electrophoretic mobility shift assays verified that recombinant GKLF bound to each of the three GC-boxes. In co-transfection experiments, GKLF transactivated a reporter gene linked to the GKLF 1 kb 5'-flanking region, as did Sp1, Sp3 and Cdx-2. Mutations of one or both of the first and second GC-boxes in the promoter resulted in diminished transactivation by GKLF. These results demonstrate that the 5'-flanking sequence of the mouse GKLF gene functions as a promoter and is subject to autoregulation by its own gene product.
Light regulation of the cell cycle in Euglena gracilis bacillaris

We have studied the light regulation of the cell division cycle in the photosynthetic alga Euglena gracilis bacillaris. Euglena grown under phototrophic conditions are easily synchronized to a 12 h light-12 h dark regime. By inoculating stationary phase, nondividing cells into fresh media and exposing the diluted cells to either light or darkness, we have determined that initiation of DNA synthesis for the cell division cycle is light dependent. By varying the length of time in light to which synchronized cells are exposed, we have shown that commitment to the cell cycle requires exposure to more than 6 h of light. We propose that this is to allow the accumulation, through photosynthetic electron transport, of an initiating factor that will enable DNA synthesis to begin. Flow cytometry analysis also shows that once cells are committed to the cell cycle, they complete the cycle in the dark, so mitosis is a light-independent step.
Mid-Holocene Erosion of Soil Catenas on Moraines near the Type Pinedale Till, Wind River Range, Wyoming

Buried soils are described from the floors of four kettles on Pinedale piedmont moraines of the southwestern Wind River Range, Wyoming, near the type locality of the Pinedale Till. The buried soils indicate that a previously unreported episode of slope erosion has occurred along adjacent catenas on some of the moraines in this region. Radiocarbon ages of the buried soils indicate that slope erosion occurred during the middle Holocene from 8540 ± 190 to 4800 ± 60 14C yr B.P. The presence of buried soils in moraine kettles indicates that profiles on the crests and backslopes of some of the moraines in this region are not the products of continuous post-Pinedale soil formation. Rather, the crest and backslope soils on Pinedale moraines result from two periods of soil development separated by an interval of erosion. Thus, soils on crests and backslopes are considered to be welded profiles. Relative-age studies that use soil data to estimate the age of moraines in this region must take into account the possibility that a mid-Holocene erosion episode affected the genesis and morphology of soils on the moraines. This study corroborates results of previous work that suggests that data from complete catenas are more useful for estimating the characteristic soil development on Quaternary moraines than are data derived from crests alone.
Invasive fungal sinusitis and meningitis due to Arthrographis kalrae in a patient with AIDS

We report the first described case of Arthrographis kalrae pansinusitis and meningitis in a patient with AIDS. The patient was initially diagnosed with Arthrographis kalrae pansinusitis by endoscopic biopsy and culture. The patient was treated with itraconazole for approximately 5 months and then died secondary to Pneumocytis carinii pneumonia. Postmortem examination revealed invasive fungal sinusitis that involved the sphenoid sinus and that extended through the cribiform plate into the inferior surfaces of the bilateral frontal lobes. There was also an associated fungal meningitis and vasculitis with fungal thrombosis and multiple recent infarcts that involved the frontal lobes, right caudate nucleus, and putamen. Post mortem cultures were positive for A. kalrae.
Biogenic volatile organic compound emissions from desert vegetation of the southwestern US.

Abstract Thirteen common plant species in the Mojave and Sonoran Desert regions of the western US were tested for emissions of biogenic non-methane volatile organic compounds (BVOCs). Only two of the species examined emitted isoprene at rates of 10 μg C g −1 h −1 or greater. These species accounted for Ambrosia genus, emitted monoterpenes at rates exceeding 2 μg C g −1 h −1 . Emissions of oxygenated compounds, such as methanol, ethanol, acetone/propanal, and hexanol, from cut branches of several species exceeded 10 μg C g −1 h −1 , warranting further investigation in these ecosystems. Model extrapolation of isoprene emission measurements verifies recently published observations that desert vegetation is a small source of isoprene relative to forests. Annual and daily total model isoprene emission estimates from an eastern US mixed forest landscape were 10–30 times greater than isoprene emissions estimated from the Mojave site. Monoterpene (and possibly oxygenated terpene and sesquiterpene) emissions may be more comparable, as annual forest terpene emission model estimates were 3–8 times greater than those from the Mojave Desert, and were within a factor of 2 for peak summertime fluxes. Primary productivity and leaf biomass of desert ecosystems are very dependent on annual precipitation, and our model results indicate that there can be at least a three-fold difference in total annual BVOC emissions between dry and wet years. We recommend additional studies of desert plant BVOC emissions, especially those that focus on sesquiterpenes, oxygenated compounds, and the effects of soil moisture, temperature, humidity, and seasonality. Landscape flux studies are needed to test BVOC model estimates and to verify BVOC influences on regional atmospheric chemistry.
Evidence for an inner scale to the density turbulence in the interstellar medium

The form of the density power spectrum is studied. The relationship between the visibility and the properties of density turbulence is discussed. Observational determinations of the power-law index of the interstellar density power spectrum are presented. An inner scale is derived, and the effect of an inner scale in the interstellar plasma turbulence is examined. It is concluded that the host plasma for the density irregularities must be similar to the warm ionized medium in the Mckee-Ostriker model (1979) of the interstellar medium or the low-density envelopes of H II regions.
Complexation of moricizine with nicotinamide and evaluation of the complexation constants by various methods

Abstract The solubility of the antiarrhythmic drug moricizine at physiologic pH is very low. Precipitation after rapid intravenous injection of the hydrochloride salt of moricizine could be a concern. The enhancement of solubility of moricizine near physiologic pH via complexation with nicotinamide was examined as a potential solubilization technique. The studies were performed in pH 6 and pH 7 phosphate buffers at 25 °C by the phase solubility method. Moricizine formed 1:1 and 1:2 complexes with nicotinamide at pHs of 6 and 7. The complexation constants K 1:1 and K 1:2 were estimated by a previously described scheme and equation and compared with those obtained by fitting a line and a parabola to the equations derived from the scheme for both the approximate and exact solutions. The data were best represented by a parabolic regression analysis of the exact solution of the derived equation with values for K 1:1 and K 1:2 at pH 6 of 16.60 and 0.93 M −1 , respectively, and at pH 7 of 7.70 and 5.41 M −1 , respectively.
ATTEST: ATTributes-based Extendable STorage

The total amount of stored information on disks has increased tremendously in recent years. With storage devices getting cheaper and government agencies requiring strict data retention policies, it is clear that this trend will continue for several years to come. This progression creates a challenge for system administrators who must determine several aspects of storage policy with respect to provisioning, backups, retention, redundancy, security, performance, etc. These decisions are made for an entire file system, logical volume, or storage pool. However, this granularity is too large and can sacrifice storage efficiency and performance - particularly since different files have different requirements. In this paper, we advocate that storage policy decisions be made on a finer granularity. We describe ATTEST, an extendable stackable storage architecture, that allows storage policy decisions to be made at a file granularity and at all levels of the storage stack through the use of attributes that enable plugin policy modules and application aware storage functionality. We present an implementation of ATTEST that shows minimal impact on overall performance.
At-Risk Students and Communication Skill Deficiencies: A Preliminary Study

Early research has explored the relationship between at-risk students and communication apprehension. Atrisk students have been found to have high levels of apprehension in a variety of communication settings. However, little attention has been given to exploring at-risk students perceptions of their communication skills and other areas of communication competency beyond general communication apprehension or fear of speaking. This study explores the relationship between at-risk students; self reported levels of communication competence, communication apprehension, and additional areas of communication skills such as selfmonitoring and verbal aggressiveness. The results of this study show that at-risk students tend to report having high communication competency levels, while testing very low on communication skill areas. Study implications and suggested areas for future research and curriculum development for teachers are explored.
Tau splicing and the intricacies of dementia

Tau is a microtubule-associated protein that fulfills several functions critical for neuronal formation and health. Tau discharges its functions by producing multiple isoforms via regulated alternative splicing. These isoforms modulate tau function in normal brain by altering the domains of the protein, thereby influencing its localization, conformation, and post-translational modifications and hence its availability and affinity for microtubules and other ligands. Disturbances in tau expression result in disruption of the neuronal cytoskeleton and formation of tau structures (neurofibrillary tangles) found in brains of dementia sufferers. More specifically, aberrations in tau splicing regulation directly cause several neurodegenerative diseases, which lead to dementia. In this review, I present our cumulative knowledge of tau splicing regulation in connection with neurodegeneration and also briefly go over the still-extensive list of questions that are connected to tau (dys)function. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 1220–1225, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
X-ray absorption spectroscopic and theoretical studies on (L)2[Cu2(S2)n]2+ complexes: disulfide versus disulfide(*1-) bonding.

Cu K-, Cu L-, and S K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopic (XAS) data have been combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations on [{(TMPA)Cu}2S2](ClO4)2 (1), [{Cu[HB(3,5-Pri2pz)3]}2(S2)] (2), and [{(TMEDA)Cu}2(S2)2](OTf)2 (3) to obtain a quantitative description of their ground state wavefunctions. The Cu L-edge intensities give 63 and 37% Cu d-character in the ground state of 1 and 2, respectively, whereas the S K-pre-edge intensities reflect 20 and 48% S character in their ground states, respetively. These data indicate a more than 2-fold increase in the total disulfide bonding character in 2 relative to 1. The increase in the number of Cu−S bonds in 2 (μ−η2:η2 S22- bridge) compared to 1 ((μ−η1:η1 S22- bridge) dominantly determines the large increase in covalency and Cu-disulfide bond strength in 2. Cu K- and L- and S K-pre-edge energy positions directly demonstrate the CuII/(S2-)2 nature of 3. The two disulfide(•1−)'s in 3 undergo strong bonding interactions that destabilize the resultant fi...
Effects of milk replacer formulation on measures of mammary growth and composition in Holstein heifers

Overfeeding prepubertal heifers may impair mammary parenchymal growth and reduce milk production, but evidence suggests that increased intake of a high-protein milk replacer before weaning may be beneficial. This study was designed to evaluate effects of milk replacer (MR) composition on mass and composition of mammary parenchyma and fat pad, growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) axis gene expression, and putative mammary epithelial stem cells. Specifically, we hypothesized that positive effects of faster rates of gain during the preweaning period alter the development, persistence, or activity of populations of putative mammary epithelial stem cells, possibly through involvement of GH/IGF-I axis molecules. Twenty-four newborn heifers were fed 1 of 4 MR diets (n = 6/diet): control [20% crude protein (CP), 21% fat MR fed at 441 g of dry matter (DM)/d], high protein, low fat (28% CP, 20% fat MR fed at 951 g of DM/d), high protein, high fat (27% CP, 28% fat MR fed at 951 g of DM/d), and high protein, high fat+ (27% CP, 28% fat MR fed at 1,431 g of DM/d). Water and starter (20% CP, 1.43% fat) were offered ad libitum. Animals were killed on d 65 and mammary tissue was subjected to biochemical, molecular, and histological examination. No differences in mammary parenchymal mass or composition, with or without adjusting for empty body weight, were detected. Mass was increased and composition of the mammary fat pad was altered by nutrient intake. No diet differences in putative mammary epithelial stem cell abundance or abundance of transcripts for genes of the GH/IGF-I axis were detected. In this study, growth of the mammary epithelium, size of the mammary epithelial stem cell population, and components of the GH/IGF-I axis did not depend on diet. However, an underlying positive correlation between telomerase, a marker of mammary stem cells, and growth of the mammary parenchyma was detected. Implications of diet-induced effects on mammary fat pad and possible effects on subsequent development and function remain to be determined.
Coincidence and covariance data acquisition in photoelectron and -ion spectroscopy. II. Analysis and applications

AbstractWe use an analytical theory of noisy Poisson processes, developed in the preceding companion publication, to compare coincidence and covariance measurement approaches in photoelectron and -ion spectroscopy. For non-unit detection efficiencies, coincidence data acquisition (DAQ) suffers from false coincidences. The rate of false coincidences grows quadratically with the rate of elementary ionization events. To minimize false coincidences for rare event outcomes, very low event rates may hence be required. Coincidence measurements exhibit high tolerance to noise introduced by unstable experimental conditions. Covariance DAQ on the other hand is free of systematic errors as long as stable experimental conditions are maintained. In the presence of noise, all channels in a covariance measurement become correlated. Under favourable conditions, covariance DAQ may allow orders of magnitude reduction in measurement times. Finally, we use experimental data for strong-field ionization of 1,3-butadiene to ill...
Best practices for transfusion for patients with sickle cell disease

The beta-globin gene mutation in sickle cell anemia results in anemia and repeated bouts of vascular occlusion. The cumulative effect of these vasocclusive events is progressive damage to many organs including the kidneys, lungs, and brain. The transfusion of red blood cells (RBC) can ameliorate many of these complications, but can be associated with both acute and chronic complications, including iron overload. The objective of the Best Practices in Transfusion Medicine for Patients with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) Conference was to review the available published evidence and clinical experience surrounding the use of RBC transfusions for sickle cell disease by a panel of experts. The expert panel developed explicit clinical guidelines for the use of RBC in SCD patients. The panel also made recommendations for further research. A set of guidelines were produced for dissemination to pertinent stakeholders. If implemented, these clinical pathways have the potential to optimize the use of red blood cell transfusions in SCD.
Coating systems based on tricarbamate crosslinkers derived from triaminonane

Trifunctional carbamates of the type that could also be called alcohol-blocked isocyanates were evaluated as crosslinkers for hydroxyl-functional polyester or acrylic coreactants. Commercial and developmental tin catalysts of varying structure were used to catalyze cure. Some of the catalysts were observed to be sufficiently active to permit extensive crosslinking of model coating systems at temperatures currently used for powder coatings or higher temperature cure thermoset liquid coatings. Either liquid or solid carbamate crosslinkers were obtained by purposeful variation in the structures of the alcohol portion of the carbamate. Carbamates were prepared directly by a patented non-phosgene process from 4-aminomethyl-1,8-diaminooctane, which is informally called triaminononane (TAN). In a related patented process, TAN was also converted to the corresponding aliphatic triisocyanate, called TAN triisocyanate (TTI). The availability of TTI facilitated synthesis of blocked isocyanates using common blocking agents such as methyl ethyl ketoxime, caprolactam and dimethylpyrazole. The performance of alcohols as blocking agents could therefore be compared directly to performance of blocking agents in current use. Furthermore, properties obtained from blocked and unblocked TTI could also be compared. Cure response was determined by cure profile studies involving hardness, solvent resistance and impact resistance determinations on panels cured in a gradient oven. Dynamic mechanical analysis was used to determine glass transition temperature and crosslink density of selected cured films.
Effects of oxygen on growth and size: synthesis of molecular, organismal, and evolutionary studies with Drosophila melanogaster.

Drosophila melanogaster is a model genetic organism with an exceptional hypoxia tolerance relative to mammals. Forward genetic, microarray, and P-element manipulations and selection experiments have revealed multiple mechanisms of severe hypoxia tolerance, including RNA editing, downregulation of metabolism, and prevention of protein unfolding. Drosophila live in microbe-rich, semiliquid food in which hypoxia likely indicates deteriorating environments. Hypoxia reduces growth and size by multiple mechanisms, influencing larval feeding rates, protein synthesis, imaginal cell size, and control of molting. In moderate hypoxia, these effects appear to occur without ATP limitation and are instead mediated by signaling systems, including hypoxia-inducible factor and atypical guanyl cyclase sensing of oxygen, with downstream actions on behavior, anabolism, and the cell cycle. In hypoxia, flies develop smaller sizes, but size does not evolve, whereas in hyperoxia, flies evolve larger sizes without exhibiting deve...
INFLUENCES OF AMBIENT ATMOSPHERE ON DIAMOND SYNTHESIS USING AN OXYGEN-ACETYLENE TORCH

The influence of the ambient atmosphere on the synthesis of diamond by chemical vapor deposition using an oxygen-acetylene torch is investigated experimentally. Diamond synthesis in an air atmosphere is compared to that in an inert atmosphere. It is found that the quality of diamond deposited on substrates positioned in the burnt gases near the premixed flame of the torch (within 1 mm) is independent of the composition of the ambient gas. Farther downstream from the premixed flame in the feather region, however, diamond deposition is controlled by the combustion of incomplete products from the premixed flame with oxygen from the atmosphere. In this region diamond grows in an annulus on the substrate with an air atmosphere, but no film is grown with an inert atmosphere.
Recent Advancement in Characterization, Modeling and Correlation for Power Distribution Network of FPGA and Structural ASIC Packages and Devices

This paper discusses recent progress made in power distribution network (PDN) characterization, modeling and hardware-to-model correlation in Altera. A complete methodology and process are introduced for accurate PDN measurement and associated equivalent RLC parameter extraction. The proposed method is validated through modeling and measurement correlation and believed to be beneficial to system users in FPGA and ASIC field.
Eosinophilic Esophagitis: A 10-Year Experience in 381 Children

Background & Aims: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a disorder characterized by a severe, isolated eosinophilic infiltration of the esophagus unresponsive to aggressive acid blockade but responsive to the removal of dietary antigens. We present information relating to our 10-year experience in children diagnosed with EoE. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study between January 1, 1994, and January 1, 2004, to evaluate all patients diagnosed with EoE. Clinical symptoms, demographic data, endoscopic findings, and the results of various treatment regimens were collected and evaluated. Results: A total of 381 patients (66% male, age 9.1 ± 3.1 years) were diagnosed with EoE: 312 presented with symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux; 69 presented with dysphagia. Endoscopically, 68% of patients had a visually abnormal esophagus; 32% had a normal-appearing esophagus despite a severe histologic esophageal eosinophilia. The average number of esophageal eosinophils (per 400× high power field) proximally and distally were 23.3 ± 10.5 and 38.7 ± 13.3, respectively. Corticosteroids significantly improved clinical symptoms and esophageal histology; however, upon their withdrawal, the symptoms and esophageal eosinophilia recurred. Dietary restriction or complete dietary elimination using an amino acid–based formula significantly improved both the clinical symptoms and esophageal histology in 75 and 172 patients, respectively. Conclusions: Medications such as corticosteroids are effective; however, upon withdrawal, EoE recurs. The removal of dietary antigens significantly improved clinical symptoms and esophageal histology in 98% of patients.
Cloning and characterization of XiR1, a locus responsible for dagger nematode resistance in grape.

The dagger nematode, Xiphinema index, feeds aggressively on grape roots and in the process, vectors grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) leading to the severe viral disease known as fanleaf degeneration. Resistance to X. index and GFLV has been the key objective of grape rootstock breeding programs. A previous study found that resistance to X. index derived from Vitis arizonica was largely controlled by a major quantitative trait locus, XiR1 (X. index Resistance 1), located on chromosome 19. The study presented here develops high-resolution genetic and physical maps in an eVort to identify the XiR1 gene(s). The mapping was carried out with 1,375 genotypes in three populations derived from D8909-15, a resistant selection from a cross of V. rupestris A. de Serres (susceptible) £ V. arizonica b42-26 (resistant). Resistance to X. index was evaluated on 99 informative recombinants that were identi- Wed by screening the three populations with two markers Xanking the XiR1 locus. The high-resolution genetic map of XiR1 was primarily constructed with seven DNA markers developed in this study. Physical mapping of XiR1 was accomplished by screening three bacterial artiWcial chromosome (BAC) libraries constructed from D8909-15, V. vinifera Cabernet Sauvignon and V. arizonica b42-26. A total of 32 BAC clones were identiWed and the XiR1 locus was delineated within a 115 kb region. Sequence analysis of three BAC clones identiWed putative nucleotide binding/ leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR) genes. This is the Wrst report of a closely linked major gene locus responsible for ecto- parasitic nematode resistance. The markers developed from this study are being used to expedite the breeding of resis- tant grape rootstocks.
The Effect of Complete and Incomplete Growing Diets on Subsequent Performance of the Laying Hen

Abstract MANY practical poultrymen have been questioning for years the idea of “pushing” pullets along as rapidly as possible prior to the time of laying. Their observations have led them to believe that the pullets produce bigger eggs at a faster rate if their maturity is delayed somewhat either by restricting the food intake or by formulating a ration in which some nutrient is limiting. Usually energy or protein has been the limiting factor in these diets. Recently an added incentive for using some type of a restricted program has been the high cost of feed for growing replacement pullets. Recently Milby and Sherwood (1953) reported that restricted feeding did not materially affect egg production, egg weight or mortality but did delay sexual maturity about 2 weeks. Two years ago an experiment was initiated to study this problem. The two years data are available on Single Comb White Leghorn pullets which …
A Spectrum of Doppler Waveforms in the Carotid and Vertebral Arteries

1695 he central focus of carotid Doppler sonography studies is the detection and characterization of atherosclerotic disease and stenosis. Doppler sonography samples are used primarily to quantify velocity elevations at sites of stenosis. However, more subtle clues to disease are contained in the shape and contour of the Doppler sonography waveform itself. Aberrations of waveform morphology can signal regional disease in the carotid and vertebral vessels, remote cardiovascular disease, and iatrogenic conditions.
The Index of Political Predisposition in the 1948 Election

The following article compares some major aspects of two studies made of the behavior of voters in presidential elections. The comparison was made in order to determine whether or not some of the conclusions drawn from one of the studies, the 1940 Erie County, Ohio, study, could be verified in the second study, a 1948 Survey Research Center national study of the election. Such comparisons of similar studies are essential to the progress of social research in that they guard against unwitting selection or exclusion of crucial variables in the studies. Two of the more common sources of such inadvertent selection or exclusion of variables are found in 1) the choice of unique groups of people to study and 2) the carrying out of studies under unique conditions. For example, the repeated demonstration that racial prejudice among college sophomores may be eliminated or reduced by "education" has too frequently led to the narrow observation that education is the solution for the problem on a national scale. Such a conclusion makes at least two major assumptions, namely 1) that college sopho. mores are representative of all American people so that what is true for this unique segment of the total population is also true for the remainder of the population, and, perhaps more importantly, 2) that the classroom situation in which education "succeeds" does not differ in any essentials from "more normal" social situations. The extent to which one can generalize from conclusions drawn from classroom studies of college undergraduates must, of course, be probed by studies of other segments of the population in other than classroom situations. In this and other areas of social research, failure to repeat studies may result in accidental control or elimination of those variables which differentiate population segments and may thereby obscure important parts of the total picture or even lead to completely erroneous conclusions. Tn this article conclusions drawn from the study of voting be'The authors wish to thank Professor Paul F. Lazarsfeld and their colleagues at the Survey Research Center, University of Michigan, for many helpful criticisms during the preparation of this paper. [710]
Forecasting of global data‐binning parameters for high‐resolution empirical geomagnetic field models

[1] A recently developed empirical model, TS07D (http://geomag_field.jhuapl.edu/model/), has provided for the first time a realistic description of the storm-scale geomagnetic field, free from a priori assumptions about the shape of the main magnetospheric current systems. The model uses information about the global state of the magnetosphere and its solar wind driving in the form of the Sym-H index averaged over substorm scales, its time derivative, and a similarly averaged solar wind electric field. The set of global parameters is used to bin a large number of points in a historical magnetic field database and to fit the model using only a part of the database composed of points taken at times when the global data-binning parameters were close to those at the time of interest. Transition from modeling to forecasting in such models requires a modification of their data binning procedure to use only the information about the state of the solar wind and the magnetosphere prior to the time of interest. This can be done using another (forecasting) set of binning parameters, which is optimized to provide the best prediction of the original (modeling) binning set. Several sets of such parameters are investigated. It is shown that the original (modeling) set contains spurious information, which appears because of the averaging of the solar wind electric field and Sym-H index over future moments in time. As a result, the problem of the optimization of the forecasting set becomes ill-posed, and the prediction efficiency of the original binning parameters, especially the averaged time derivative of the Sym-H index, is strongly limited. The predictions are shown to be substantially improved when the forecasting set includes an exponential decay function of the solar wind electric field proposed originally by Burton et al. (1975) with the e-folding time of the order of one hour.
Sensor based obstacle avoidance and mapping for fast mobile robots

This paper describes one aspect of a project whose goal is to move a robot in an unknown environment and find pipes to decommission. While moving through the environment a low level map, in the form of an occupancy grid, along with detailed location of pipes in the environment are obtained. This paper deals only with the low level "reflex" of obstacle avoidance that is performed while the robot moves along its path as well as some of the higher level tasks involved in path planning and robot motion in order to negotiate through a hazardous environment. The overall high level interaction with the system is made as simple and user friendly as possible using a graphical interface to control high level tasks. All low level communications and processing are transparent. The robot used for experimentation is a wheeled mobile platform equipped with many different sensors including ultrasonic range sensors and cameras. A quick and efficient obstacle avoidance algorithm has been developed using sixteen ultrasonic range sensor and one infrared proximity sensor. >
EFFECTS OF FATHERS’ AND MOTHERS’ COGNITIVE STIMULATION AND HOUSEHOLD INCOME ON TODDLERS’ COGNITION: VARIATIONS BY FAMILY STRUCTURE AND CHILD RISK

We used resource theory and stress theory to examine the associations among fathers’ and mothers’ engagement of children, household income, and the cognitive abilities of toddlers residing in single mother households and two parent households. This study used the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort (N = 8,400) and found that at 24 months, the positive association between fathers’ cognitive stimulation and child cognition was significantly stronger for children living in single mother households at 9 and 24 months than for children in two parent households. The effect of fathers’ cognitive stimulation on child cognition was also significantly stronger for high risk children living in single mother households than for high risk children living with both parents.
L 2 Majorant Principles

In this short historical note, we discuss an important majorant principle introduced by Erdős & Fuchs [1].
Socioeconomic Deprivation and Religious Salience: A Cognitive Behavioral Approach

Past research is consistent with the idea that socioeconomic deprivation leads individuals to be more religious in certain ways. The related perspectives of exchange theory and cognitive behaviorism imply that such deprivation also leads people to place more importance on religion a virtually unexplored issue. This study examines the effects of education, occupational prestige and income on religious salience” among residents of the Raleigh, North Carolina, metropolitan area Oc cupational prestige and among respondents who were not church members education are found to have the hypothesized negative effects on salience. However, income has no effects when education and occupation are controlled, and an argument by Rodney Stark that these effects would hold true only for church members is contradicted.
Memory management in genome-wide association studies

Genome-wide association is a powerful tool for the identification of genes that underlie common diseases. Genome-wide association studies generate billions of genotypes and pose significant computational challenges for most users including limited computer memory. We applied a recently developed memory management tool to two analyses of North American Rheumatoid Arthritis Consortium studies and measured the performance in terms of central processing unit and memory usage. We conclude that our memory management approach is simple, efficient, and effective for genome-wide association studies.
Stochastic context-free grammars and hidden Markov models for modeling of bursty channels

In order to design good error-control schemes for bursty channels and also to facilitate performance analysis, it is important to develop accurate and simple statistical channel error models for the channels of interest. We propose two novel generative methods to model the end-to-end error profile of radio channels described by long well-defined error bursts interleaved with long error-free intervals. The first method makes use of the power of stochastic context-free grammars to model palindromes. The second utilizes simple hidden Markov models with specific structures, which are suggested by the ideas presented in the first method. Both methods achieve much better performance than previously proposed approaches without introducing more complexity. Although the complexity of the second method is slightly greater than that of the first, its advantage is that it can be easily applied in decoding implementations specifically tailored to deal with bursty channels.
Humoral Immune Responses in a Human Case of Glanders

Within 2 months of acquiring glanders, a patient developed 8-, 16-, and 4-fold increases, respectively, in specific IgA, IgG, and IgM serological titers against Burkholderia mallei. Within 14 months of infection, the titers decreased to the baseline. Serum from this patient was also highly reactive against Burkholderia pseudomallei whole cells. Burkholderia mallei whole cells did not react with sera from patients with other diseases. Therefore, an assay using a B. mallei cellular diagnostic antigen may be useful for the serodiagnosis of glanders.
Infinitely Divisible, Gaussian, and Poisson Experiments

Experiments which arise as limits “when the number of observations gets large” are often infinitely divisible in a sense which will be made clear in Section 2. Examples of infinitely divisible experiments are provided by the Gaussian shift families described in Section 3. More typical are the Poisson experiments described in Section 4. A full characterization of infinitely divisible experiments is given in Section 5 after we prove a very elementary sort of “central limit theorem.” Further results in this direction will also be found in the chapter on independent observations.
Large-Scale Variational Two-Electron Reduced-Density-Matrix-Driven Complete Active Space Self-Consistent Field Methods

A large-scale implementation of the complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) method is presented. The active space is described using the variational two-electron reduced-density-matrix (v2RDM) approach, and the algorithm is applicable to much larger active spaces than can be treated using configuration-interaction-driven methods. Density fitting or Cholesky decomposition approximations to the electron repulsion integral tensor allow for the simultaneous optimization of large numbers of external orbitals. We have tested the implementation by evaluating singlet–triplet energy gaps in the linear polyacene series and two dinitrene biradical compounds. For the acene series, we report computations that involve active spaces consisting of as many as 50 electrons in 50 orbitals and the simultaneous optimization of 1892 orbitals. For the dinitrene compounds, we find that the singlet–triplet gaps obtained from v2RDM-driven CASSCF with partial three-electron N-representability conditions agree with thos...
Integrative and Masking Emotion Work: Marital Outcomes Among Dual-Earner Couples

ABSTRACTThis study redresses a gap in the literature concerning the outcomes of emotion work by exploring how both integrative and masking emotion work relate to marital quality and marital conflict. Using data from a random sample of dual-earner couples in a northeastern city in an upper Midwestern state (n = 99 couples), this study explores the emotion-work performance of each partner. The findings show that men’s integrative emotion work is only significantly associated with men’s marital quality, whereas men’s masking emotion work significantly predicts their partner’s marital quality, men’s marital quality, and men’s marital conflict. Women’s integrative emotion work is significantly associated with women’s marital quality and their partner’s marital conflict, whereas women’s masking emotion work predicts women’s marital quality and marital conflict. Altogether, the findings suggest that considering both masking and integrative emotion work helps gain a fuller understanding of how emotion work shapes...
Confusing the drug facts on one nonprescription drug label with those on another: The Drug Facts Label as a text schema

The Drug Facts Label is designed to guide consumers in comparing nonprescription drugs. Undergraduates studied and recalled drug facts for three analgesic or non-analgesic labels using Drug Facts Label headings as retrieval cues. They then studied and recalled drug facts from an aspirin label. Aspirin recall was greater when the prior labels were analgesics, but prior-label intrusion errors were also greater. These two effects were associated with the number of prior drug labels on which facilitating and interfering drug facts appeared. Using the Drug Facts Label schema to read drug labels can both enhance and degrade the recall of nonprescription drug facts.