cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intranuclear defect in beta-globin mRNA accumulation due to a premature translation termination codon

We have analyzed a cloned beta O-thalassemia (beta O-thal) gene from a patient doubly heterozygous for hemoglobin Lepore and beta O- thalassemia. Studies of 3H-uridine incorporation into beta-globin mRNA in this patient's erythroblasts suggested an intranuclear defect in both beta and Lepore (delta beta) mRNA synthesis, as did S1 nuclease analysis of nuclear RNA. However, the nucleotide sequence of the beta O- thal gene revealed only a single base change in codon 39 (CAG\---|-UAG), which created a premature translation termination codon. The 5′ flanking sequence, including transcription promotor boxes and the mRNA initiation (CAP) site, were normal. The unexpected effect of this mutation on intranuclear beta-mRNA synthesis in vivo was studied by insertion of the cloned gene into a plasmid expression vector and transfection into tissue culture (COS-1) cells. beta-Globin mRNA produced by the transfected cells was assessed by S1 nuclease analysis. The beta O-39 thalassemia gene generated five- to tenfold less beta- mRNA than a normal beta-gene in both nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA, simulating the results observed in vivo. Moreover, the small amount of beta O-39 mRNA produced was as stable as normal beta-mRNA during an actinomycin D chase, ruling out rapid cytoplasmic turnover as a cause of the reduced accumulation. Cotransfection of the beta O-39 thalassemia gene with a mutant tyrosine suppressor tRNA gene resulted in restoration of the beta O-39 mRNA accumulation to near-normal levels. On the basis of these results, we suggest that the low levels of beta-mRNA known to exist in the common form of beta O-thalassemia, beta O-39 thalassemia, result from a lesion in transcription, or early posttranscriptional processes; the defect appears to be corrected by restoration of proper translational potential to the mutant mRNA, at least in a gene transfer-expression system in tissue-culture cells.
Fabrication of Novel Transparent Touch Sensing Device via Drop-on-Demand Inkjet Printing Technique.

A novel transparent touch sensor was fabricated with a drop-on-demand inkjet printing technique on borosilicate glass and flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates. Conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and dielectric poly(methylsiloxane) were deposited on a desired area to form a capacitive touch sensor structure. The properties of the printed sensors (optical transparency, electrical resistance and touch sensing performance) were investigated with varying PEDOT: PSS printing passes. A novel transparent touch sensor fabricated with an all-inkjet-printing method is demonstrated for the first time. This process holds industrially viable potential to fabricate transparent touch sensors with an inkjet printing technique on both rigid and flexible substrates for a wide range of applications.
Special Injuries of the Hand

Unique injuries resulting from high-pressure injection, wringer washers, cornpickers, and snowblowers are presented. Epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management are reviewed. These injuries commonly require surgical intervention. Prompt recognition and treatment can greatly influence prognosis.
Fisher information theory for parameter estimation in single molecule microscopy: tutorial.

Estimation of a parameter of interest from image data represents a task that is commonly carried out in single molecule microscopy data analysis. The determination of the positional coordinates of a molecule from its image, for example, forms the basis of standard applications such as single molecule tracking and localization-based super-resolution image reconstruction. Assuming that the estimator used recovers, on average, the true value of the parameter, its accuracy, or standard deviation, is then at best equal to the square root of the Cramer-Rao lower bound. The Cramer-Rao lower bound can therefore be used as a benchmark in the evaluation of the accuracy of an estimator. Additionally, as its value can be computed and assessed for different experimental settings, it is useful as an experimental design tool. This tutorial demonstrates a mathematical framework that has been specifically developed to calculate the Cramer-Rao lower bound for estimation problems in single molecule microscopy and, more broadly, fluorescence microscopy. The material includes a presentation of the photon detection process that underlies all image data, various image data models that describe images acquired with different detector types, and Fisher information expressions that are necessary for the calculation of the lower bound. Throughout the tutorial, examples involving concrete estimation problems are used to illustrate the effects of various factors on the accuracy of parameter estimation and, more generally, to demonstrate the flexibility of the mathematical framework.
Polarization-Dependent Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Activity of Anisotropic Plasmonic Nanorattles

Plasmonic nanorattles composed of solid plasmonic core and porous and hollow plasmonic shell are a novel class of nanostructures that are highly attractive for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based chemical and biological sensing and bioimaging. In this report, we demonstrate the polarization-dependent SERS activity of cuboidal plasmonic nanorattles composed of a solid gold nanorod core and porous and hollow cuboidal shell. Plasmonic coupling between the gold nanorod core and porous and hollow cuboidal shell of the nanorattles results in a large electromagnetic (EM) enhancement at the interior of the nanorattles. Owing to the presence of internal electromagnetic hotspots, the polarization dependence of the plasmonic nanorattles was found to be markedly different compared to that of solid AuNR@Ag nanocuboids. Similar to most conventional anisotropic solid nanostructures, the AuNR@Ag nanocuboids exhibited a polarization-dependent SERS activity that is dominated by the sharp corners and edges. Conve...
Some aspects of the CP/sup N/-1 model

The CP/sup N/-1 models are analyzed by embedding them in a generalized two-parameter U(N) vector model. The model is solved in the large-N limit. This allows one to get a better understanding of how well large-N techniques extrapolate to finite N. In contrast to other models, the large-N limit in CP/sup N/-1 models is shown to be more singular. In a lattice version, a phase transition is shown to occur. Elitzur's theorem is also shown to be violated at N = infinity. Finally, the large-N limit does not reproduce an interesting property of finite-N CP/sup N/-1 theories. This concept, coined ''superconfinment,'' is defined and examined in detail both mathematically and physically. Why the large-N expansion fails to reproduce it is analyzed by making an analogy with a classical gas system.
The rising curve: Longterm gains in IQ and related measures

(2000). The rising curve: Longterm gains in IQ and related measures. Gifted and Talented International: Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 62-64.
2016 Victor A. McKusick Leadership Award.

Thank you, Gail, for that wonderful introduction, and I also want to thank the ASHG for awarding me the McKusick Award.
Taxonomy of Pain Systems

An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage. Inclusion of the descriptors “emotional experience” as well as “actual or potential tissue damage” is important: it is not pain without an emotional experience and tissue damage is not required. Emotional experiences of pain may be described as annoying, nagging, troublesome, tiring, exhausting, frightening, terrifying, dreadful, grueling, wretched, punishing, cruel, vicious, sickening, suffocating, blinding, miserable, agonizing, and unbearable.
Adjuvant thalidomide improves disease specific survival for patients with renal cell carcinoma at high risk for relapse following surgery

14586 Background: Observation is the standard of care for locally advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) after surgery. No adjuvant therapy for RCC exists. Thalidomide has shown activity in metastatic RCC. We studied thalidomide in the adjuvant setting for patients with locally advanced RCC. Methods: This phase III trial has enrolled 46 patients to date. All patients underwent resection of all disease. Eligible patients included T2N0M0 grade 3–4, T3a-cN0M0, T4N0M0, TanyN1–2M0, and TanyN0M0 bilateral disease completely resected. All RCC histologies were included. Patients were randomized to observation or thalidomide, 300 mg daily for 2 years. Dose reductions were allowed for toxicity. The primary endpoint was recurrence free survival. Secondary endpoints were disease specific survival and toxicity. Results: Twenty-three patients randomized to thalidomide and 23 were observed. In the thalidomide arm, one patient refused therapy and two stopped within one month due to toxicity. Only 1 patient tolerated therapy...
A Minimal Parsimonious Model of Pragmatic Comprehension

Computational accounts of how we infer what a speaker means by what she says have recently spurred significant progress in our understanding of linguistic pragmatics. These models, motivated by general assumptions about human cognition, have been shown to account for a wide range of phenomena in pragmatic comprehension. Despite their successes, these models incorporate a number of structures and assumptions that diminish their parsimony as well as their consistency with the complex cognitive features of human communication. In this paper, I demonstrate these weaknesses through a number of empirical test cases and theoretical arguments. I then propose an alternative computational modeling approach, derived from the popular Rational Speech Act (RSA) theory, that makes fewer and simpler assumptions about pragmatic comprehension and accounts for a wide range of pragmatic phenomena without requiring ad hoc modifications or theoretically unmotivated assumptions. This Speaker Centric Inference Model of Pragmatic Interpretation (SCIMPI) not only provides the basis for a simple and parsimonious account of human pragmatic inference, but suggests that formal linguistic pragmatics should be practiced by incrementally constructing theory through the introduction of minimal and motivated components.
Surgical site infection after cesarean delivery: incidence and risk factors at a US academic institution

Purpose: To identify the rate of surgical site infection (SSI) after Cesarean delivery (CD) and determine risk factors predictive for infection at a large academic institution.Methods: This was a r...
Role of inhibins and activins in ovarian cancer.

Ovarian cancer strikes 1 in 70 women and is usually fatal. The frank mortality associated with this disease is largely due to the lack of effective diagnostics and a poor understanding of the molecular basis of the disease. Few factors have been directly correlated with the tissue-specific onset of cancer, however, recent work on inhibins and activins may provide clues to ovarian cancer onset and progression.
Phenotypic Variations in Violence Involvement: Results from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health

Numerous studies suggest that our society is stratified not only by race and class, but also by phenotypic characteristics. The main objective of the present investigation was, using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, to elucidate the link between phenotype and violence involvement. Two outcomes were examined: being a perpetrator of violence and criminal justice system contact. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses were conducted on Asian, black and Hispanic respondents and as well as on the subsample of siblings. Independent variables included phenotype, socioeconomic status, other family, peer and neighborhood effects. Notwithstanding a certain degree of heterogeneity of outcomes across race–ethnicity, the results indicate a negative relationship between proximity to the European phenotype and the likelihood of violence involvement. In other words, the darker one’s complexion, eye and hair color, the higher the likelihood of violence involvement.
Numerical Solutions of Heat and Mass Transfer in Capillary Porous Media Using Programmable Graphics Hardware

Nowadays, a heat and mass transfer simulation plays an important role in various engineering and industrial fields. To analyze physical behaviors of a thermal environment, we have to simulate heat and mass transfer phenomena. However to obtain numerical solutions to heat and mass transfer equations is much time-consuming. In this paper, therefore, one of acceleration techniques developed in the graphics community that exploits a graphics processing unit (GPU) is applied to the numerical solutions of heat and mass transfer equations. Implementation of the simulation on GPU makes GPU computing power available for the most time-consuming part of the simulation and calculation. The nVidia CUDA programming model provides a straightforward means of describing inherently parallel computations. This paper improves the computational performance of solving heat and mass transfer equations numerically running on GPU. We implemented simulation of heat and mass transfer using the novel CUDA platform on nVidia Quadro FX 4800 and compared its performance with an optimized CPU implementation on a high-end Intel Xeon CPU. The experimental results clearly show that GPU can perform heat and mass transfer simulation accurately and significantly accelerate the numerical calculation with the maximum observed speedups 20 times. Therefore, the GPU implementation is a promising approach to acceleration of the heat and mass transfer simulation.
Using High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T for Acute Cardiac Care.

The recent approval of the fifth-generation cardiac troponin T assay, which has characteristics clinically of a high-sensitivity assay, has led to concern that the problems of increased sensitivity will be greater than the benefits. This will not be the case if cardiology, emergency medicine, and laboratory medicine combine to develop procedures for use of the assay. We advocate sex-specific 99th percentile upper reference limit values of 15 ng/L for men and 10 ng/L for women. We suggest a 2-hour rule-out strategy, including a value less than the 99th percentile upper reference limit and the lack of a change in values of 100 ng/L and or a changing pattern of values ≥10 ng/L are a population much more likely to have acute myocardial infarction. Most of the increment in elevated values will occur not in those with acute coronary problems but in those with primary cardiac disease like heart failure and those with primary noncardiac problems. The former belong on a cardiac service because they are at high risk. The latter should have therapy on the service most apt to provide optimal care for their primary diagnosis, with cardiac consultation as needed.
EFFECT OF POPULATION DENSITY OF IMMATURES ON SURVIVAL AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE WESTERN CORN ROOTWORM (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)

A field study with controlled infestations of eggs of the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, was conducted over a four-year period. The percentage of insects surviving to adulthood was significantly reduced at an infestation of 2400 eggs per 0.3 m of row compared with rates of 300, 600, and 1200 eggs per 0.3 m of row. Survival to adulthood varied among years suggesting that biotic or abiotic factors in the soil, possibly soil moisture, may have influenced survival. The Julian date associated with mean adult emergence was significantly later at the 2400 egg infestation rate than at lower rates. These results suggest that immature survival is reduced and developmental time increased at high population densities.
When Clones Flock Near the Fog

FogMQ is a message brokering and device cloning service in fog and edge computing. Excessive tail end-to-end latency occurs with conventional message brokers when a massive number of geographically distributed devices communicate through a message broker. Latency of broker-less messaging is highly dependent on computational resources of devices. Device-to-device messaging does not necessarily ensure low messaging latency and cannot scale well for a large number of resource-limited and geographically distributed devices. For each device, FogMQ provides a high capacity device cloning service that subscribes to device messages. The clones facilitate near-the-edge data analytics in resourceful cloud compute nodes. Clones in FogMQ apply Flock; an algorithm mimicking flocking-like behavior and allows the clones to autonomously migrate between heterogeneous cloud platforms. Flock controls and minimizes the weighted tail end-to-end latency. We have implemented FogMQ and evaluated it in a geographically distributed testbed. In our functional evaluation, we show that FogMQ is stable and achieves a bounded tail end-to-end latency that is up to 34% less than existing brokering methods.
Sensory imagery and aesthetic affect in the poetry of Keats, Hopkins, and Eliot

This dissertation focuses on applying a new method of analysis to selected works by three major poets, John Keats, Gerard Manley Hopkins, and T. S. Eliot. The project considers their work in light of recent scholarship by Charles Altieri on the affects, such as emotion, feelings, passion, and mood; how these affects operate in artistic works; and, specifically, examines how these authors employ the affects in their poetry to express their own emotions and, in the creation of lyric poems, turn these emotions into works of art. In addition, the project strengthens the aesthetic readings with a study of the ways in which these poets employ sensory images to achieve a desired affect. The introduction presents the concepts of the various affects, as explained by literary critic, Charles Altieri. It argues that this framework of the affects can be valuable in poetic analysis, and is expandable to include other affects, and subcategories of the affects, as close reading of the poetry identifies new emotional vistas. I begin with the poetry and critical writing (mainly letters) of John Keats, whose philosophy of poetry was a harbinger of later writers including Eliot. Like Keats, Eliot will accentuate the detachment of the poet, and the difference between feelings and emotions. Like Keats, Hopkins will express a type of detachment - his, slightly different, as it is a separation from the worldly and an escape to the supernatural. Like Hopkins, Eliot will present poetry that is deeply religious, but will add an element of political comment not present in the earlier writers. Chapters on Gerard Manley Hopkins and T. S. Eliot follow the chapter on Keats, and in them I apply the methodology of sensory imagery and affect to poets of differing backgrounds. Each chapter will include a philosophical analysis followed by close reading of selected works. In Keats, I will locate a tension between the key concepts of fancy and imagination, remarking on Keats's separation from the wisdom of his contemporary, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, on these interpretations of the two major processes of poetic creativity. The Keats works analyzed include "Sleep and Poetry," Endymion, and "Ode to a Nightingale." In explicating the works of Gerard Manley Hopkins, I will establish how his conversion to Catholicism, and subsequent ordination as a Jesuit, affected his poetic style, in turn creating for him a new affective space, which I call religious fervor. The Hopkins poetry analyzed includes "God's Grandeur," "The Windhover," and "Spelt from Sibyl's Leaves." I will argue that, even in the so-called "desolate sonnets" of 1885, Hopkins remained a poet of religious fervor, not doubt. Reference will be made to J. Hillis Miller's synoptic survey of the place of religion in nineteenth century artistic works, The Disappearance of God. The poetry of T. S. Eliot will be analyzed in an in-depth consideration of the very late poem, "Little Gidding," the final of the Four Quartets. The dominant affect of that poem, composed during the Second World War, is mood, the…
Victims of Crime in Taiwan

Victimology emerged as a new area of criminology in the 1970s, and now it has become an international discipline. The Republic of China is not a member of the United Nations but criminologists in Taiwan have never isolated themselves from the study of victimization. The study of crime victim in Taiwan can be traced to 1970. The Crime Victim Protection Act was enacted in 1998. In line with the Act, the Association for Victim Support was created in 1999. The first national criminal victimization was undertaken in 2000. With hopes of providing a general picture of the scope of crime victim and the victims’ right movement in Taiwan, this chapter reviewed existed literatures and statistics in this regard. It finds that the victims’ right seems considerably improving after the enactment of the Crime Protection Act. However, the victimization of new residents in Taiwan and a tertiary crime victim caused by using CCTV as a self-protection measure are worth for more attentions in the future.
Studies of Rate and Equilibrium Processes by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Every student of chemistry today is well aware of the immense power of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as a structural tool in both organic and inorganic chemistry. In addition, the technique is proving of considerable importance in studies of both rate and equilibrium processes. Among the latter processes, those involving conformational changes and equilibria are perhaps the most important, and in this paper we consider the special case of conformation and isomerism involving partial double bonds. One of the examples is provided by the enolate ion and we briefly consider how NMR can be used to investigate ion pair equilibria in such a system.
The Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training vs. Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Heart Rate Variability in Physically Inactive Adults

Physically inactive adults are prevalent worldwide. This study compared the effects of short-term high-intensity interval training (HIIT) versus moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on heart rate variability (HRV) in physically inactive adults as a preliminary study. Thirteen physically inactive male adults (27.5 ± 3.80 years) were randomly assigned to HIIT (N = 7) or MICT (N = 6). The HIIT program consisted of 20 min of interval training with cycling to rest ratio of 10/50 s at ≥90% HRpeak, while the MICT program consisted of 40 min of continuous cycling at 60–75% HRpeak. Both groups completed eight sessions of training within two weeks. Time and frequency domains of HRV were measured for 20 min with Actiwave-Cardio monitor (CamNtech, UK). The number of R-R interval and inter-beat interval (IBI) were significantly improved (p < 0.05) in both HIIT and MICT programs following eight sessions of training. A significant interaction effect for group by time was found in the lnLF/HF ratio (p < 0.05) where it was only improved in the HIIT group from pre- to post-test. The HIIT program is superior to MICT in improving HRV in physically inactive adults. The HIIT program can be applied as a time-efficient program for improving cardiac-autoregulation.
RF Wireless Power Transfer Using Integrated Inductor

Wireless power transfer (WPT) is an ideal power delivery solution for many light-load applications, such as for the Internet of Things. A regulated solution for WPT may utilize a power distribution unit (PDU). Previous works have designed planar inductors for integration with switched-inductor buck regulators, but these inductors will not be as efficient for light-load applications. This paper reevaluates the inductor loss for light-load applications by taking into account the frequency spectrum of the inductor current. Using this revised analysis, a planar inductor with screen printed NiZn ferrite epoxy composite magnetic core is designed for an RF near-field coupling system with 1–10-mW load power. In measurement with a 6-MHz buck converter, the PDU with designed inductor demonstrated up to 3% improved efficiency compared to surface-mount technology inductor in the pulse-frequency modulation mode and pulsewidth modulation mode. The designed embedded inductor was subsequently demonstrated in an integrated, compact RF near-field coupling system with peak 43% system efficiency.
Structural Analysis and Performance-Based Validation of a Composite Wing Spar

Electric-motor powered aircraft possess the ability to operate with efficient energy delivery, but lack the operational range of internal combustion engine powered aircraft. This range limitation requires the use of high aspect ratio, thin-chord wings to minimize aerodynamic drag losses, which results in highly loaded composite spar structures. High aspect ratio wings are required to increase mission durations for a NASA-developed experimental multi-rotor electric powered aircraft denoted as the Scalable Convergent Electric Propulsion Technology and Operations Research (SCEPTOR) or “X-57”. This paper examines the structural performance of the composite main wing spars to validate spar strength using ply-based laminate finite element methods. Geometric scaling of a main spar test-section was initially proposed for proof-testing but sacrificed stability. Ply-based structures modeling with local structural features was implemented as a risk-reduction methodology. Ply-based modeling was selected to augment the conventional “building block” approach to reduce risk, and leverage a “performance-based” approval processes encouraged in Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) design guidance. Therefore, ply-based laminate modeling of the full-scale main spar and forward spar shear-web attachments were subsequently undertaken to determine load path complexity with predicted flight loads. Ply-based modeling included stress concentrations and interlaminate behavior at interface locations that can be obscured in traditional finite element sizing models. Analysis of the wing spar laminate ply-based models compared with bearing test coupon performance was used to reduce future wing assembly proof-testing burden and facilitate performance-based flight hardware safety for the X-57 experimental aircraft.
Cyclic dimers of formamidine with its N-halogenated formamidine analogues: Structure, energetics, and proton-halonium transfer

Abstract Ab initio calculations were carried out to investigate cyclic dimers of formamidine with its N-halogenated analogues, HN = CHNHX (X = Cl, Br, or I). Geometry optimizations and frequency calculations were completed with the MP2 method and both the aug-cc-pVDZ and the aug-cc-pVTZ basis sets. BSSE-corrected interaction energies were calculated at the MP2, QCISD, and CCSD(T) methods. Electron density at relevant critical points, and charge transfers were examined through AIM and NBO analyses respectively. Both the electron density at each of the critical points and the amount of charge transfer correlate with the strength of the dimer interactions. The N-X stretching frequencies and the 15N NMR chemical shifts were also found to correlate with the dimer interaction strengths. Proton-halonium transfer for each of the dimers was also investigated. For any given X, the potential energy profile along the intrinsic reaction coordinate demonstrates that the proton-halonium transfer occurs in one step, without any intermediates. Similarly, the profile of the corresponding force constant (the second derivative of the potential energy) in the transition region indicates that the proton-halonium transfer is a synchronous process. In all cases, the energy barrier for proton-halonium transfer was found to decrease with increasing size of the halogen. Solvent effects were examined using the SMD model with two solvents of differing polarity: tetrahydrofuran and water. Although the proton-halonium transfer remains concerted and synchronous, the energy barrier to proton-halonium transfer increases in solution to the extent that the barrier becomes higher for X = I than it is for X = Br.
END-STAGE HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY REVISITED: IMPACT OF CONTEMPORARY THERAPIES

The end-stage (ES) of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) has been described as a particularly grim and unfavorable complication of the disease, associated with significant morbidity and mortality and frequent heart transplant. However, the contemporary natural history of ES, utilizing advanced heart
Reproductive cycle and gonadal development of Donax striatus (Bivalvia: Donacidae) on an Amazon sandy beach in northern Brazil

The reproductive cycle and gonadal development of Donax striatus from a sandy beach in Ajuruteua, Amazon region, were studied. Monthly sampling took place from March 2015 to April 2016. Histological analysis was performed on 420 individuals, and the oocyte diameters were determined from histological sections and used to determine the reproductive period. The population showed a balanced sex ratio (1:1) with a size at first maturity of 10.9 mm in males and 8.9 mm in females. The population showed r-strategist characteristics and continuous spawning, and the reproductive cycle showed no seasonal variation or significant relation with any environmental parameter. The organic matter was significantly higher in the rainy season. According to the generalized linear model analysis (GLM), only the condition index (CI) had a significant relationship with the organic matter of the sediment. The type of reproductive strategy adopted by D. striatus corroborates the global breeding hypotheses for species of tropical environments. For conservation, it should be recommended to harvest this species at a shell length above 13 mm.
The doctor is in.

The growing trend toward an overproduction of specialists and an underproduction of generalists (i.e., family physicians, general internists, and general pediatricians) in the United States has prompted many in medicine and academic medicine to endorse the goal that 50% of the United States's physician graduates should be generalists. The author discusses (1) the definition of the term generalist; (2) the number of generalists presently being produced (as estimated by three methods) and why the 50% goal is an informed and reasonable one; (3) changes needed in graduate medical education of the three main categories of generalist physicians; (4) changes needed in medical education; (5) changes needed in the practice environment; and (6) overall implementation strategies and the question of how much the federal government or some central authority should be involved. He concludes by reflecting that the 50% goal is worthwhile, although challenging, and that it is better to have a goal--even if it is not met--then to have no goal at all.
Silent Aspiration Detection in High Resolution Cervical Auscultations

Aspiration is the most serious complication of dysphagia, which may lead to pneumonia. Detection of aspiration is limited by the presence of its signs like coughing and choking, which may be absent in many cases. High resolution cervical auscultations (HRCA) represent a promising non-invasive method intended for the detection of swallowing disorders. In this study, we investigate the potential of HRCA in detection of penetration-aspiration in patients suspected of dysphagia. A variety of features were extracted from HRCA in both time and frequency domains and they were tested for association with the presence of penetration-aspiration. Multiple classifiers were implemented also for aspiration detection using the extracted signal features. The results showed the presence of strong association between some HRCA signal features and penetration-aspiration, furthermore, they direct towards future directions to enhance prediction capability of aspiration using HRCA signals.
Abstract C31: The glycosaminoglycan syndecan-4 facilitates pancreatic cancer progression and biologic aggressiveness

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a treatment-recalcitrant malignancy that harbors several key driver mutations at a high frequency (e.g., KRAS, TP53, CDKN2A, and SMAD4 Citation Format: Samantha McElyea, Murray Korc. The glycosaminoglycan syndecan-4 facilitates pancreatic cancer progression and biologic aggressiveness [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Advances in Science and Clinical Care; 2019 Sept 6-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(24 Suppl):Abstract nr C31.
Abstract WMP111: Trends in Active Tobacco Smoking Among Stroke Survivors in The United States: An Analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2016

Background: Active smoking after stroke is associated with worse outcomes. Since several smoking cessation drugs have become available during the last two decades, we sought to determine whether th...
3-D Trajectory Optimization in UAV-Assisted Cellular Networks Considering Antenna Radiation Pattern and Backhaul Constraint

This article explores the effects of 3-D antenna radiation pattern and backhaul constraint on optimal 3-D path planning problem of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), in interference prevalent downlink cellular networks. We consider a cellular-connected UAV that is tasked to travel between two locations within a fixed time, and it can be used to improve the cellular connectivity of ground users by acting as a relay. Since the antenna gain of a cellular base station changes significantly with the UAV altitude, the UAV can improve the signal quality in its backhaul link by changing its height over the course of its mission. This problem is nonconvex, and thus, we explore the dynamic programming technique to solve it. We show that the 3-D optimal paths can introduce significant network performance gain over the trajectories with fixed UAV heights.
Big data gets big help: Law and policy literacies for text data mining

A wealth of digital texts and the proliferation of automated research methodologies enable researchers to analyze large sets of data at a speed that would be impossible to achieve through manual review. When researchers use these automated techniques and methods for identifying, extracting, and analyzing patterns, trends, and relationships across large volumes of un- or thinly structured digital content, they are applying a methodology called text data mining or TDM. TDM is also referred to, with slightly different emphases, as “computational text analysis” or “content mining.”
The New (Ab)Normal: Outliers, Everyday Exceptionality, and the Politics of Data Management in the Anthropocene

The Anthropocene affects how we manage the environment in many ways, perhaps most importantly by undermining how past conditions act as baselines for future expectations. In a period when historica...
Ergodic Control Strategy for Multi-Agent Environment Exploration.

In this study, an ergodic environment exploration problem is introduced for a centralized multi-agent system. Given the reference distribution represented by the Mixture of Gaussian (MoG), the ergodicity is achieved when the time-averaged robot distribution is identical to the given reference distribution. The major challenge associated with this problem is to determine proper timing for a team of agents (robots) to visit each Gaussian component in the reference MoG for ergodicity. The ergodic function is defined as a measure of ergodicity and the condition for convergence is derived based on timing analysis. The proposed control strategy provides relatively reasonable performance to achieve the ergodicity. We provide the formal algorithm for centralized multi-agent control to achieve the ergodicity and simulation results are presented for the validation of the proposed algorithm.
Rumen Function Enhancements

For years, ruminant nutritionists have utilized the rumen vat for one of its unique attributes - its ability to convert non-useable products into products of the nutritional value that enhances the growth of beef cattle, sheep and dairy cattle. Examples of this have been the utilization of fiber that is non-useable by humans or other non-ruminants. In addition, we have learned how the rumen converts urea to a useable form of dietary protein. In recent years the focus of ruminant research has shifted to the microbial population, and how altering microbial populations may fine-tune the nutritional diets utilized. Let's address three of these that currently are used: Ionophores, buffers and probiotics.
A Preliminary Epidemiologic Study of Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder Relative to Autism Spectrum Disorder and Developmental Disability Without Social Communication Deficits.

The goal of this preliminary investigation was to compare demographic and clinical characteristics in a sample of children with likely Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder (SCD) (N = 117) to those in children with possible (N = 118) and some (N = 126) SCD traits, other developmental delay (DD) (N = 91) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (N = 642). We used data from the Study to Explore Early Development (SEED), a multi-site case–control study. Items reflecting SCD DSM-5 criteria were selected from an autism diagnostic measure, with SCD categories identified by creating quartiles. Our results suggest that SCD may fall along a continuum involving elevated deficits (in comparison to DD with no SCD) in social communication and restricted and repetitive behavior that do not reach the clinical threshold for ASD.
Phonetic interaction between late Japanese-English bilinguals' L1 and L2 vowels—A longitudinal study

We investigated late bilinguals' (N = 31) change in their production and perception of the L1 Japanese vowel /i/ and its phonetically associated L2 vowel /i/ and /I/ over one year. The perceptual boundaries between both English /i/-/I/ and Japanese /i/-/e/ were examined through identification tasks. Participants' production of the high front vowels was also analyzed. More than half of the participants exhibited evidence of separating English and Japanese high front vowels from each other in production. Participants who seemed to use similar F1-F2 values for these vowels still tended to separate them. The perception task results showed a perceptual boundary shift in bilinguals' L1 Japanese after one year. That is, they identified more tokens as /i/ than /e/ in /i/-/e/ continuum. This phenomenon was also observed when comparing bilinguals to Japanese monolingual controls. We argue that this change in L1 perception stems from learning a new L2 phonetic category /I/ and associating it with a similar L1 /i/. Individual differences in bilinguals' relative language use and exposure were also examined as potential factors driving changes in perception and production of Japanese/English high front vowels.
Legalizing Street Vending in Los Angeles: Reframing a Movement during the Fourth Wave of Feminism:

Street vending was criminalized in the city of Los Angeles since the 1930s. The Los Angeles Street Vendor Campaign (LASVC) utilized several framing tactics over the last several years in order to m...
DNA‑Based Microparticle Tension Sensors (μTS) for Measuring Cell Mechanics in Non‑planar Geometries and for High‑Throughput Quantification

Mechanotransduction, the interplay between physical and chemical signaling, plays vital roles in many biological processes ranging from cell differentiation to metastasis. The state-of-the-art techniques to quantify cell forces employ deformable polymer films or molecular probes tethered to glass substrates. These types of flat substrates limit applications in investigating mechanotransduction on non-planar geometries where physiological activities such as phagocytosis and immunological synapse formation mostly occur. A second challenge is the low throughput of microscopy readout which limits the application of current assays in fundamental and clinical research. We address these challenges by developing a DNA-based microparticle tension sensor (µTS), which features a spherical surface and thus allows for investigation of mechanical events at curved interfaces or within groups of cells in suspension. Importantly, the micron-scale of µTS enables flow cytometry readout, which is rapid and high throughput. To demonstrate the scope of µTS, we applied the method to map and measure T-cell receptor (TCR) forces and platelet integrin forces at 12 and 56 pN thresholds. Furthermore, we quantified the inhibition efficiency of two anti-platelet drugs providing a proof-of-concept demonstration of µTS to screen drugs that modulate cellular mechanics.
Technology-Created Visual Support

Individuals with ASD tend to be visual thinkers and learners; they gain clarity and understand content when it is presented visually. This chapter presents different types of charts, graphs, and graphic organizers that can be used to help students with ASD understand and review content material. Charts can be used to teach the vocabulary needed in the content areas; charts can present a visual representation that illustrates and decomposes instructional material so that it is easily understood. The visuals presented can serve as both an introduction to new concepts and a mechanism for bringing information from long term memory to working memory. The visual examples discussed below have been used with learners with ASD, and they have changed students’ attitudes toward the content—users who previously thought the content was too hard or boring expressed more of an understanding of the material, and even enjoyment after using these types of visuals. Students can gain prerequisite knowledge and build mental models of complex concepts by using these visual items. Applications software for word processing, spreadsheets, online comic strips and puzzles, and presentations is common place in most schools and homes, and that software can be used to build simple, but powerful learning tools.
Engineering and functional properties of powders from underutilized marine fish and seafood products

Publisher Summary In recent years, by-products from fishing industries have been used as raw materials to produce some common bioactive supplies for supplements or functional ingredients. Large amounts of protein-rich by-products from the seafood industry are discarded or processed into fish meal. Novel processing methods are needed to convert seafood by-commodities into marketable products. Many of these protein-rich seafood by-products have a range of dynamic properties and can potentially be used in foods as binders and emulsifiers. Soy and milk proteins are widely used in many segments of the food industry, while amino acids and peptides are gaining popularity for use in energy drinks and other applications. This chapter discusses the role of fish protein powder as bio-active ingredients. A wide range of food products including protein supplements, infant formula, formulas for the elderly, and beverages contain protein hydrolysates as stabilizers. Some fish protein and protein hydrolysates in addition to having good functional properties may also have specific health benefits, including the ability to lower blood pressure, reduce the risk of type-II diabetes, and improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity.
Recovery of greater antigenic reactivity in conformationally altered albumin.

Abstract Reduction of all 17 disulfide bonds of albumin followed by spontaneous reoxidation resulted in a 40 to 50% yield of a stable monomer (4 S) albumin which differed significantly in conformation from monomer (4 S) native albumin. This thermodynamically stable but conformationally altered reoxidized monomer albumin possessed greater antigenic reactivity than native monomer albumin. Other stable albumin moieties found upon reoxidation also differed significantly in conformation from native albumin but had varying degrees of antigenic loss.
Chapter 56 - Computationally Intensive Methods for Integration in Econometrics*

Until recently, inference in many interesting models was precluded by the requirement of high dimensional integration. But dramatic increases in computer speed, and the recent development of new algorithms that permit accurate Monte Carlo evaluation of high dimensional integrals, have greatly expanded the range of models that can be considered. This chapter presents the methodology for several of the most important Monte Carlo methods, supplemented by a set of concrete examples that show how the methods are used. Some of the examples are new to the econometrics literature. They include inference in multinomial discrete choice models and selection models in which the standard normality assumption is relaxed in favor of a multivariate mixture of normals assumption. Several Monte Carlo experiments indicate that these methods are successful at identifying departures from normality when they are present. Throughout the chapter the focus is on inference in parametric models that permit rich variation in the distribution of disturbances. The chapter first discusses Monte Carlo methods for the evaluation of high dimensional integrals, including integral simulators like the GHK method, and Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods like Gibbs sampling and the Metropolis–Hastings algorithm. It then turns to methods for approximating solutions to discrete choice dynamic optimization problems, including the methods developed by Keane and Wolpin, and Rust, as well as methods for circumventing the integration problem entirely, such as the approach of Geweke and Keane. The rest of the chapter deals with specific examples: classical simulation estimation for multinomial probit models, both in the cross sectional and panel data contexts; univariate and multivariate latent linear models; and Bayesian inference in dynamic discrete choice models in which the future component of the value function is replaced by a flexible polynomial.
Standards for veterinary clinical trials

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses standards for veterinary clinical trials. A clinical trial is a prospective study that compares the effect(s) and value(s) of an intervention. Although the clinical trial is the most effective method for establishing the effects (efficacy or safety) of an intervention, proper planning and execution are paramount to its success and validity. The groundwork for high-quality clinical trials is laid by observational studies that focus on new or existing interventions and provide the baseline data for these trials. Unlike human clinical trials, the subject of a veterinary clinical trial may be owned by the research facility (experimental) or may be a client-owned patient. It is important to distinguish the source of experimental subjects for a veterinary clinical trial as certain types of bias can be more easily minimized when using experimental animals. Because subject variability (for example, differences due to age, breed, sex, diet, environment, or disease) can be more easily standardized, some investigators do not consider studies that use experimental animals as clinical trials.