cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
What do I need to know about glycopeptide antibiotics

Glycopeptides have been crucial in the fight against Gram-positive pathogens with their use within paediatrics becoming ever prevalent. This article reviews the pharmacology of the commonly used glycopeptides, vancomycin and teicoplanin, and discusses the practical aspects of their use in the clinical setting.
Hyperbaric Oxygen for Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: Does It Really Work?

See related article, p 474. [Olson KR, Seger D: Hyperbaric oxygen for carbon monoxide poisoning: Does it really work? Ann Emerg Med April 1995;25:535-537.]
Osmoregulatory alterations in myo-inositol uptake by bovine lens epithelial cells. Part 4: Induction pattern of Na(+)-myo-inositol cotransporter mRNA under hypertonic conditions denoting an early-onset, interactive, protective mechanism against water stress.

Purpose. To examine the effect of hypertonicity on the induction of the Na + -myo-inositol (Na + -MI) cotransporter(s) in cultured bovine lens epithelial cells (BLECs). Methods. Na + -MI cotransporter 626-bp reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction product amplified from lens cell RNA and aldose reductase (AR) cDNA probes were used to measure respective mRNA content by Northern block analysis. Results. Northern blot analysis of BLEC mRNA hybridized to Na + -MI cotransporter cDNA showed that Na + -MI cotransporter rnRNA increased when secondary cultures of BLECs were exposed to physiological medium supplemented with 116 mmol/l NaCl
Diagnostic Data Evaluation. Part I. Collaborative Studies: How To Do It

A generic protocol is described to add diagnostic data evaluation to collaborative study evaluations. The protocol would enable the individual performing the evaluation to determine more specifically the causes for unsuccessful studies. The protocol also formalizes the techniques for establishing performance standards for both the analysts and the method
Unipotent representations and the dual pair correspondence

This chapter describes properties of unipotent representations in relation to the Θ-correspondence and relations of the K-structure to rational function of coadjoint orbits in the Lie algebra. The main focus is on the complex case.
Experiences with the BBN Butterfly

Collective experience using the BBN Butterfly Parallel Processor, a shared-memory multiprocessor built around a scalable high-bandwidth switching network is described. An overview of the Butterfly hardware, run-time library is given. While the Butterfly provides a high performance testbed for parallel processing research, it has been found that its lack of a file system and a strong development environment make program development difficult. >
Physiologic Basis for Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure, Heated and Humidified High-Flow Nasal Cannula, and Nasal Ventilation

Noninvasive support modalities have become ever more present in the care of newborns with a wide variety of disease processes. As clinicians have continued to avoid intubation and mechanical ventilation in preterm and term infants, the technologies available to support these groups have grown. Despite this rapid growth they can be broken down into 3 large categories of support, all attempting to deliver both flow and pressure to the nasopharynx supporting both phases of spontaneous breathing. The goal of all of the therapies is to stabilize a heterogeneous group of disorders with some common pathologies and avoid invasive support modalities.
A Comparison of Human CMVpp65-Specific Central Memory and Effector Memory CD8 T-Cells When Stimulated in-Vivo with IL-2 or IL-15/IL-15Rα Complex in a Murine Xenograft Model of Adoptive Cell Therapy

Initial clinical trials of adoptive immunotherapy have shown that the efficacy of adoptively transferred T-cells in man is often limited by the failure of cultured T cells, particularly cloned CD8 T cells, to persist in vivo. These studies demonstrated that the transferred T cells induced only transient responses and that persistence of the transferred T-cell clonotypes correlated with disease regression. A previous study suggested that CMV virus-specific CD8 T cell clones derived from central memory T cells (T CM ), but not effector memory T cells (T EM ), persisted long-term in non-human primates. On the other hand, another study comparing T CM and T EM derived SIV virus specific CD8 T-cell clones that were adoptively transferred in non-human primates demonstrated limited persistence of both T CM and T EM derived transferred T cells, and failed to show any difference between the two cell types. Because of these conflicting data, we have reexamed the persistence of adoptively transferred viral antigen specific T-cells derived from T CM and T EM population. Accordingly, we developed a NOG mouse model for studying the ability of human CMVpp65-specific T cells derived from central memory and effector memory populations to migrate to and accumulate in human tumor xenografts expressing CMVpp65, to alter the growth of these tumors and to persist in the tumors. This model also allows us to test immunomodulating agents and their ability to enhance targeted T-cell accumulations, antitumor activity and persistence. We analyzed CMVpp65-specific CD8 T cells derived from T CM and T EM precursors in vitro and in vivo . To tract the T-cells in vivo , we transduced membrane-bound Gaussia luciferase into T CM and T EM populations and monitored T cell trafficking by in vivo bioluminescence. Contrary to expectation, our results initially showed no differences between T CM and T EM derived CMVpp65-specific T-cell in mice co-treated with IL-2 in the time to accumulation, ultimate level of accumulation, degree of CMVpp65 + tumor regression or T-cell persistence. However, in mice cotreated with IL-15/IL-15Rα complex, both T CM and T EM exhibited more sustained engraftment and more prolonged accumulation in both the targeted tumor and in the marrow. In mice treated with IL-15/IL-15Rα, T CM and T EM derived T cells showed a similar effector memory phenotype and a similar level of regression of tumor growth. Thus, adoptive transfer of CMVpp65 specific T CM or T EM when combined with IL-15/IL-15Rα complex may support better persistence of antigen-specific T-cells following adoptive immunotherapy. Studies comparing IL-15/IL-15Rα complex with IL-15 alone are in progress. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Photosensitive polyimide adhesive sheet

Positive tone Photosensitive Polyimide B-stage sheet which was composed of transparent soluble polyimide, naphthoquinone diazide compound, thermal cross linker and solvent, was developed. We designed new polyimide structure and cross linker suitable for photosensitive polyimide sheet. The photosensitive sheet shows fine pattern formation capability as well as good thermal stability and mechanical properties. It is quite easy to obtain flat surface on topological surface to laminate the photosensitive sheet.
A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effects of dietary fibre from distillers grains on enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli detection from the rectoanal mucosa and hides of feedlot steers

Feeding high levels (≥40% dry matter) of distillers grains may increase the risk for cattle to carry enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157. The mechanism for the increased risk is not known nor whether non-O157 EHEC are similarly affected. Our objective was to test whether the fibre content or other components of modified distillers grains plus solubles (MDGS) affects the probability for cattle to carry EHEC serogroups of public health importance. A 2 × 2 plus 1 factorial treatment arrangement within a randomized block design was utilized. Within each of four blocks, 25 feedlot pens (n = 8 steers/pen) were assigned randomly to (i) corn-based control diet; (ii) 20% dry matter (DM) MDGS; (iii) 40% DM MDGS; (iv) corn bran added to corn-based diet to match fibre of 20% MDGS or (v) 40% MDGS. Rectoanal mucosa swabs (RAMS) were collected on day (d)0, d35, d70 and d105; hide swabs were collected on the last feeding day. Samples were tested for EHEC by a molecular screening assay. The effects of fibre source and fibre level on EHEC carriage were tested using multilevel logistic regression (generalized linear mixed models; α = 0.05). EHEC O45 RAMS detection was associated with fibre level, source and sampling day. EHEC O103 RAMS detection increased by feeding 40% MDGS but not the corresponding corn bran diet. Hide contamination by EHEC O45 or O103 was less likely in cattle fed MDGS compared to corn bran diets. EHEC O111 RAMS detection decreased by feeding 40% MDGS but not by feeding the corresponding corn bran diet. Detection of EHEC O157 or O145 was not associated with dietary factors. Feeding 40% MDGS increased the probability for carriage of some EHEC serogroups but decreased probability of others, which indicated that EHEC serogroups have different risk factors associated with feeding MDGS and little association with dietary fibre.
Abstract TMP20: Effect of Carotid Artery Revascularization for Ocular Circulation and Chronic Ocular Ischemic in Carotid Artery Stenosis

Background: We evaluated the effect of carotid revascularization surgery for ocular circulation and chronic ocular ischemic syndrome (OIS). Methods: We examined ninety-nine patients with carotid artery stenosis (more than 50% stenosis) at its origin treated by carotid endarterectomy (N=65) or carotid artery stenting (N=34). Twenty-six patients (26%) complained of chronic OIS. Ocular circulation was examined before and after revascularization surgery using ophthalmic artery (OphAr) and central retinal artery (CRA) color Doppler flow imaging. Results: 1) Ocular circulation: Preoperatively, the average OphAr peak systolic flow velocity (Vs) was 0.05 m/sec, and the average CRA Vs was 0.07 m/sec. At 1 week after surgery, the average OphAr Vs significantly increased to 0.32 (p Conclusion: Carotid revascularization surgery was effective in improving the ocular circulation, and it was also useful for the chronic OIS due to the carotid artery stenosis.
Genetic Ablation of All Cerebellins Reveals Synapse Organizer Functions in Multiple Regions Throughout the Brain.

Cerebellins are synaptic organizer molecules that bind to presynaptic neurexins and postsynaptic receptors. They are well studied in the cerebellum, but three of the four cerebellins (Cbln1, Cbln2, and Cbln4) are also broadly expressed outside of the cerebellum, suggesting that they perform general functions throughout the brain. Here, we generated male and female constitutive single (KO), double KO (dKO), and triple KO (tKO) mice of Cbln1, Cbln2, and Cbln4. We found that all constitutive cerebellin-deficient mice were viable and fertile, suggesting that cerebellins are not essential for survival. Cbln1/2 dKO mice exhibited salience-induced seizures that were aggravated in Cbln1/2/4 tKO mice, suggesting that all cerebellins contribute to brain function. As described previously, Cbln1 KO mice displayed major motor impairments that were aggravated by additional KO of Cbln2. Strikingly, the Cbln1/2 dKO did not cause alterations in synapse density in the hippocampus of young adult (1- and 2-month-old) mice, but produced a selective ∼50% decrease in hippocampal synapse density in the stratum lacunosum moleculare of the CA1 region and in the dentate gyrus of aging, 6-month-old mice. A similar decrease in excitatory synapse density was observed in the striatum and retrosplenial cortex. Behaviorally, the Cbln1 KO produced dramatic changes in motor behaviors that were partly aggravated by additional deletion of Cbln2 and/or Cbln4. Our results show that cerebellins are not essential for survival and do not contribute to initial synapse formation, but perform multiple functions throughout the brain; as a consequence, their ablation results in a delayed loss of synapses and in behavioral impairments. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Cerebellins (Cbln1-4) are trans-synaptic cell adhesion molecules. In the cerebellum, Cbln1 functions as a bidirectional organizer of parallel fiber–Purkinje cell synapses by binding to presynaptic neurexins and postsynaptic GluRδ2. Little is known about the function of cerebellins outside of the cerebellum; therefore, the present study used single, double, and triple constitutive KO mice of Cbln1, Cbln2, and Cbln4 to analyze the overall function of cerebellins. We show that cerebellins act as important synaptic organizers in specific subsets of neurons and likely contribute to many different brain functions. We also show that cerebellins are not initially required for synapse formation, but rather for specification and long-term synapse maintenance and demonstrate that all cerebellins, not just Cbln1, contribute to brain function.
Personalrechnung als Teil des Rechnungswesens im Krankenhaus

Das institutionalisierte Personalwesen eines Betriebes umfast die einschlagigen Masnahmen wie: Beschaffung, Erhaltung und Forderung geeigneter Mitarbeiter. Die einzelnen Bereiche und Aufgaben sind: (1) Beschaffung der Mitarbeiter Ermittlung des Arbeitskraftebedarfs Beobachtung des Arbeitsmarktes Anwerbung, Ausfall und Einstellung der Mitarbeiter (2) Einsatz der Mitarbeiter in den Betriebsprozes Eignungsprufung fur einen bestimmten Arbeitsplatz Einweisung des Mitarbeiters am Arbeitsplatz (3) Betreuung des Mitarbeiters Anleitung und Ausbildung Fortbildung, Vorgesetztenschulung (4) Gestaltung der Arbeitsbedingungen Beachtung arbeitsphysiologischer und sozialwissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse arztliche Betreuung (5) Sozialfursorge und Sozialpolitik Alters- und Hinterbliebenenversorgung Sozialleistungen Verpflegung und Unterkunft Sicherung des Arbeitsplatzes Mitbestimmung bzw. Mitverantwortung (6) Festlegung des Arbeitsentgeltes Gestaltung Anforderungs- und leistungsgerechte Entlohnung Tariffragen
Phosphate Minerals in Human Tissues

The mineralized or calcified tissues in biological systems are composed of two phases: organic and inorganic or mineral phases. In the invertebrates (e.g., echinoderms, mollusks, arthropods, etc.), the inorganic phase is usually calcium carbonate, CaCO3, predominantly in the form of either calcite or aragonite or both. In the invertebrates, the inorganic phase consists of one or more types of phosphate minerals (predominantly calcium phosphates) depending on the nature of calcification, i.e., normal (e.g., bones and teeth) or abnormal or pathological (e.g., dental calculi, salivary and urinary stones, soft tissue calcifications, etc.). In several pathologically calcified tissues, the mineral is non-phosphatic, such as calcium oxalates (whewellite and weddellite), sodium urates, uric acid, cysteine.
Recurrent Neural Network to Forecast Sprint Performance

ABSTRACTThe present paper demonstrates that the performance of an elite track and field sprinter can be predicted by means of the dynamic, nonlinear mathematical method of recurrent neural networks...
Does delay discounting predict maladaptive health and financial behaviors in smokers

Objective Excessive delay discounting, the rapid devaluation of future rewards, is often demonstrated by individuals suffering from substance use disorders, including chronic cigarette smokers. This constricted temporal window not only produces increased valuation of immediate unhealthy rewards (e.g., cigarettes) but also a decreased valuation of both future healthy rewards (e.g., increased energy) and future consequences (e.g., lung cancer). Moreover, in addition to cigarettes, smokers tend to engage in other behaviors that elicit immediate rewards and negative future consequences such as overconsuming alcohol, unhealthy eating, physical inactivity, and/or irresponsible spending. The present study sought to determine whether smokers' discounting rate would predict the frequency of engagement in other poor health and financial behaviors, independent of cigarette smoking. Method A total of 303 daily smokers were asked to complete a delay discounting task and then answer how frequently they typically engaged in health and finance related behaviors. Results A structural equation model was used to group the questions into highly significantly latent factors of "Drug Use," "Finances," "Fitness," "Food," "Health," "Household Savings," "Personal Development," and "Safe Driving." When regressed on the model, delay discounting significantly predicted engagement all of the factors, except "Safe Driving," independent of smoking status. Conclusion In sum, these findings highlight delay discounting as a useful metric for predicting whether individuals' engagement in variety of healthy physical and financial behaviors, as a function of their temporal window. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
ELEVATED RESTING HEART RATE IMPROVES RISK STRATIFICATION FOR ADVERSE CARDIOVASCULAR OUTCOMES IN CANCER PATIENTS

Sinus tachycardia in cancer is a reflection of significant multi-system organ stressor/disease; with sparse literature describing its clinical significance. We assessed cardiovascular (CV) prognostic implications of elevated resting heart rate (eRHR) in cancer patients. We conducted a retrospective
Pituitary concentrations of gonadotropins and receptors for GnRH in suckled beef cows at various intervals after calving.

Mature beef cows were slaughtered at 5 (n = 6), 10 (n = 6), 20 (n = 6) or 30 (n = 5) d after calving to identify endocrine events that may affect the duration of postpartum anestrus. Additional cows (n = 6) were slaughtered 12 to 14 d after their first postpartum estrus (luteal phase cows). Anterior pituitary concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) were low at d 5 (383 +/- 69 micrograms/g), averaged 445 +/- 103 and 682 +/- 207 micrograms/g at d 10 and 20, respectively, and were elevated (P less than .05) by d 30 (1,097 +/- 174 micrograms) to a concentration similar to luteal phase cows (1,208 +/- 148 micrograms/g). Concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) averaged 12.4 +/- 1.1, 9.6 +/- 2, 8.6 +/- 1.8 and 7.4 +/- 3.3 mg/g at d 5, 10, 20 and 30, respectively. Affinity (1.6 +/- .2 X 10(9) M-1) of anterior pituitary receptors for the GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) analog (DAla6; des-Gly10, [D-Ala6]-LH-RH ethylamide) and weights (2.1 +/- .1 g) of the anterior pituitaries did not differ among groups (P greater than .05). Number of receptors for GnRH averaged 37 +/- 7, 39 +/- 9, 25 +/- 5 and 23 +/- 5 X 10(-14) M/mg protein at d 5, 10, 20 and 30, respectively. Anterior pituitaries from luteal phase cows contained 22 +/- 2 X 10(-14) M/mg protein of receptors for GnRH.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A High-Speed, Non-Linear Control Based Voltage Droop Mitigation Technique for Integrated Voltage Regulators in Modern Microprocessors

Modern microprocessors impose stringent constraints on power supply design. Large voltage droops caused by the high output current slew rate (di/dt) requirements of advanced microprocessor features are one of the significant challenges for power supply design. Fully Integrated Voltage Regulator (FIVR) technology introduced in Intel® 4th generation CoreTM processors, features a fast output supply ramp rate by virtue of its small on-die output capacitance. While this provides several benefits, it limits FIVR’s ability to handle high-current workloads and can cause large voltage droops, adversely impacting microprocessor performance. This paper presents a novel non-linear control (NLC) based droop mitigation technique that can reduce output voltage droop by 25% for AVX workloads. The NLC loop works in tandem with the main FIVR loop and kicks in only in the event of a voltage droop larger than a programmed threshold.
Lentiviral Transduction of Neuronal Cells

Here we describe a general method for the construction of a lentivirus vector using a specific example of the construction of a lentivirus containing the luciferase reporter gene under the control of two hypothetical promoters and derived HIV-1 based lentivirus expression vector pLVX-Puro. This method can be used to compare the strength and regulation of different promoters. In this example, the target cells for transduction are human primary fetal astrocytes but the method is applicable to any primary cell culture from the CNS or other tissue and can be used to examine the strength of a particular promoter in different cell types. HIV based lentivirus particles are prepared by transfection of 4 plasmids into 293T cells using the Fugene 6 transfection reagent.
Effect of obesity on response to checkpoint inhibitors in renal cell cancer.

634Background: Response to checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) for renal cell cancer (RCC) remains variable, with markers like PDL1 proving unreliable. Preclinical models suggest that obesity could affect...
Reactive Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass Over Molybdenum Oxide Catalysts: A Parametric Study

Reactive catalytic fast pyrolysis (RCFP) of biomass with atmospheric pressure hydrogen is a promising route for the deoxygenation of biomass pyrolysis vapors while retaining high carbon yields in t...
Mitigating Drought-Related Financial Risks for Water Utilities via Integration of Risk Pooling and Reinsurance

AbstractConcerns over drought-related financial risk have been growing for water utilities as adaptive measures, such as conservation (which reduces revenues) and water transfers (which increase co...
Chemical composition as an indicator for evaluating heated whey protein isolate (WPI) and sugar beet pectin (SBP) systems to stabilize O/W emulsions

Abstract We investigated changes in the chemical composition of WPI as a result of heating (60 °C, 72 h) with SBP in solution (pH 6.75). The concentration of WPI was kept at a constant (3%), whereas the level of SBP was varied at 1, 1.5, and 3%. The reaction products were examined using the Ellman’s reagent, ninhydrin assay, and gel electrophoresis. The results demonstrated that the losses of the free sulfhydryl (-SH) and primary amine (–NH2) contents in WPI were less severe compared to those occurring in the dry-state at similar conditions (mass ratio, temperature, and reaction duration). The mixtures were used as emulsifiers in an O/W emulsion system at pH 3.20 and 6.75 and showed an improved ability to stabilize the average size of the droplets than WPI alone at acidic pH. The mixtures at higher levels of SBP, ≥ 1.5%, however, adversely affected the emulsion stability at neutral pH.
Evaluation of lymph node ratio and lymph node yield as prognosticators of locoregional recurrence in p16-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Background The prognostic value of lymph node yield (LNY) and lymph node ratio (LNR), or the ratio of number of metastatic LNs to total number dissected, has not been well established in p16-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). Methods This retrospective cohort study evaluated locoregional disease-free survival (LRDFS) in 82 patients with p16+ OPSCC who underwent neck dissection at a single institution from 2009 to 2017. LNR and LNY cutoffs were estimated using time-dependent receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves. Prognostic significance of these cutoffs was compared with Eighth Edition AJCC Nodal Staging. Results An increased LNR ≥ 0.129 was associated with worse 2-year LRDFS (66.9% vs 96.8%, P = .005). LNY was not significantly associated with LRDFS (P = .304). An LNR-based risk model was a better prognosticator than Eighth Edition AJCC Nodal Staging (Harrell's C, 0.9065 vs 0.7668). Conclusions LNR has good prognostic utility in predicting LRDFS in p16+ OPSCC, but further evaluation of this measure is warranted.
Real-time dynamics of Chern-Simons fluctuations near a critical point

The real-time topological susceptibility is studied in $(1+1)$-dimensional massive Schwinger model with a $\ensuremath{\theta}$-term. We evaluate the real-time correlation function of electric field that represents the topological Chern-Pontryagin number density in ($1+1$) dimensions. Near the parity-breaking critical point located at $\ensuremath{\theta}=\ensuremath{\pi}$ and fermion mass $m$ to coupling $g$ ratio of $m/g\ensuremath{\approx}0.33$, we observe a sharp maximum in the topological susceptibility. We interpret this maximum in terms of the growth of critical fluctuations near the critical point, and draw analogies between the massive Schwinger model, QCD near the critical point, and ferroelectrics near the Curie point.
Advanced Imaging in Pulmonary Vascular Disease

Although the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension requires invasive testing, imaging serves an important role in the screening, classification, and monitoring of patients with pulmonary vascular disease (PVD). The development of advanced imaging techniques has led to improvements in the understanding of disease pathophysiology, noninvasive assessment of hemodynamics, and stratification of patient risk. This article discusses the current role of advanced imaging and the emerging novel techniques for visualizing the lung parenchyma, mediastinum, and heart in PVD.
The Right to Help and the Right Help: Fostering and Regulating Collective Action in a Medical Making Reaction to COVID-19

Medical making intersects opposing value systems of a medical “do no harm” ethos and makers’ drive to innovate. Since March 2020, online maker communities have formed to design, manufacture, and distribute personal protective equipment (PPE) and other medical devices needed to fight the COVID-19 pandemic. We present a participant observation study of 14 maker communities, which have developed differing driving principles for efforts with varied access to interdisciplinary expertise on online platforms that mutually shape collective action. Over time, these communities unintentionally align towards action-oriented or regulated practices because they often lack higher level insight and agency in choosing communication platforms. In response, we recommend: regulatory bodies to build coalitions with makers, online platforms to give communities more control over the presentation of information, and repositories to balance needs to distribute information while limiting the spread of misinformation.
Associations of Monounsaturated Fats to Visual Cognitive Performance Training in Older Adults

Objectives High levels of visual cognitive performance (VCP) are required for complex daily activities including driving and participating in sports. Many cognitive tests use simple measures of social cognition or memory that lack the dynamic complexity needed for daily living. Healthy fats including mono- and polyunsaturated fats have been shown to improve cognition and brain health due to the need for fatty acids for neurotransmitter production and myelin sheath insulation. The effects of specific fats on specific cognitive functions is still poorly understood. The Nutrition, Vision, and Cognition in Health Study (IONHealth) investigates nutritional and behavioral factors that influence cognition in 3-dimensional multiple objects tracking test (3DMOT). It was hypothesized that monounsaturated fats would affect cognitive performance.
Scalp cooling to reduce alopecia as a barrier to chemotherapy.

e12537Background: Chemotherapy induced alopecia (CIA) is one of the most distressing adverse events reported by patients undergoing chemotherapy, yet there is limited data addressing the impact of ...
Cosmogenic nuclide exposure age scatter in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica records Pleistocene glacial history and processes

Abstract. The preservation of cosmogenic nuclides that accumulated during periods of prior exposure but were not subsequently removed by erosion or radioactive decay, complicates interpretation of exposure, erosion, and burial ages used for a variety of geomorphological applications. In glacial settings, cold-based, non-erosive glacier ice may fail to remove inventories of inherited nuclides in glacially transported material. As a result, individual exposure ages can vary widely across a single landform (e.g. moraine) and exceed the expected or true depositional age. The surface processes that contribute to inheritance remain poorly understood, thus limiting interpretations of cosmogenic nuclide datasets in glacial environments. Here, we present a compilation of new and previously published exposure ages of multiple lithologies in local Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and older Pleistocene glacial sediments in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Unlike most Antarctic exposure chronologies, we are able to compare exposure ages of local LGM sediments directly against an independent radiocarbon chronology of fossil algae from the same sedimentary unit that brackets the age of the local LGM between 12.3 and 19.6 ka. Cosmogenic exposure ages vary by lithology, suggesting that bedrock source and surface processes prior to, during, and after glacial entrainment explain scatter. 10Be exposure ages of quartz in granite, sourced from the base of the stratigraphic section in the Transantarctic Mountains, are scattered but young, suggesting that clasts entrained by sub-glacial plucking can generate reasonable apparent exposure ages. 3He exposure ages of pyroxene in Ferrar Dolerite, which outcrops above outlet glaciers in the Transantarctic Mountains, are older, which suggests that clasts initially exposed on cliff faces and glacially entrained by rock fall carry inherited nuclides. 3He exposure ages of olivine in basalt from local volcanic bedrock in McMurdo Sound contain many excessively old ages, but also have a bimodal distribution with peak probabilities that slightly pre-date and post-date the local LGM; this suggests that glacial clasts from local bedrock record local landscape exposure. With the magnitude and geological processes contributing to age scatter in mind, we examine exposure ages of older glacial deposits and suggest that the most extensive Pleistocene ice sheet inundated McMurdo Sound during Marine Isotope Stage 8. These results underscore how surface processes operating in the Transantarctic Mountains are expressed in the cosmogenic nuclide inventories held in Antarctic glacial sediments.
In-field apple size estimation using photogrammetry-derived 3D point clouds: Comparison of 4 different methods considering fruit occlusions

In-field fruit monitoring at different growth stages provides important information for farmers. Recent advances have focused on the detection and location of fruits, although the development of accurate fruit size estimation systems is still a challenge that requires further attention. This work proposes a novel methodology for automatic in-field apple size estimation which is based on four main steps: 1) fruit detection; 2) point cloud generation using structure-from-motion (SfM) and multi-view stereo (MVS); 3) fruit size estimation; and 4) fruit visibility estimation. Four techniques were evaluated in the fruit size estimation step. The first consisted of obtaining the fruit diameter by measuring the two most distant points of an apple detection (largest segment technique). The second and third techniques were based on fitting a sphere to apple points using least squares (LS) and M−estimator sample consensus (MSAC) algorithms, respectively. Finally, template matching (TM) was applied for fitting an apple 3D model to apple points. The best results were obtained with the LS, MSAC and TM techniques, which showed mean absolute errors of 4.5 mm, 3.7 mm and 4.2 mm, and coefficients of determination () of 0.88, 0.91 and 0.88, respectively. Besides fruit size, the proposed method also estimated the visibility percentage of apples detected. This step showed an of 0.92 with respect to the ground truth visibility. This allowed automatic identification and discrimination of the measurements of highly occluded apples. The main disadvantage of the method is the high processing time required (in this work 2760 s for 3D modelling of 6 trees), which limits its direct application in large agricultural areas. The code and the dataset have been made publicly available and a 3D visualization of results is accessible at http://www.grap.udl.cat/en/publications/apple_size_estimation_SfM.
Should the presence of psoriatic arthritis change how we manage psoriasis

The development of biologic therapies, from TNF-inhibitors to IL-12/IL-23, IL-17, and IL-23 inhibitors, has revolutionized our ability to treat psoriasis. With so many great treatment options now a...
How Does the Hidden Curriculum Impact First Generation Student Success at Mason

Cultural capital and academic integration play a significant role in the conversation around the hidden curriculum. This poster will provide definitions of both, providing a framework for understanding the impact that assuming students have this “common knowledge” has on both the student and the faculty/instructor. In addition, we will provide anecdotal evidence from Mason first-generation students and highlight key data points about first-generation students at Mason and across the country.
Before L.A.: race, space, and municipal power in Los Angeles, 1781–1894 by David Samuel Torres-Rouff (review)

The Americas: A Quarterly Review of Latin American History http://journals.cambridge.org/TAM Additional services for The Americas: A Quarterly Review of Latin American History: Email alerts: Click here Subscriptions: Click here Commercial reprints: Click here Terms of use : Click here Before L.A.: Race, Space, and Municipal Power in Los Angeles, 1781–1894. By David Samuel Torres-Rouff. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2013. Pp. xiii, 361. Bibliography. Notes. Index. \$65.00 cloth. Miroslava Chavez-Garcia The Americas: A Quarterly Review of Latin American History / Volume 72 / Special Issue 01 / January 2015, pp DOI: 10.1017/tam.2014.16, Published online: 20 February 2015 Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0003161514000169 How to cite this article: Miroslava Chavez-Garcia (2015). The Americas: A Quarterly Review of Latin American History, 72, pp 160-162 doi:10.1017/tam.2014.16 Request Permissions : Click here Downloaded from http://journals.cambridge.org/TAM, IP address: 38.105.193.36 on 05 Mar 2015
A Primer on Spurious Statistical Significance in Time Series Regressions

A nontechnical user's guide to spurious statistical significance in time series regressions and its importance in the economic analysis in the antitrust litigation context.
Productivity growth and new market entry

In this paper we examine the entry of new countries and products into world trade flows. This is manifest in our data sample by a growth in exporter–importer-product combinations from about 430 thousand in 1995 to almost 620 thousand in 2005. Most of this growth has occurred because more and more developing or emerging market countries are entering the market as exporters. To study this growth in trade at the extensive margin, we develop a firm level model based on the work of Helpman et al. (Q J Econ 123(2):441–487, 2008) of the decision to enter the export market. Using data from 129 countries and 144 industrial sectors, we then estimate this model for the years 1995 and 2005. We report evidence that rising firm-level productivity levels in our sample countries, either in overcoming the costs of direct exports or of engaging trade intermediates, provides the best explanation for the observed pattern of the growth in exporter–importer-product pairs.
Mechanisms of Canine Gastric Dysrhythmia

We postulated that local synthesis and release of prostaglandins might be the paracrine pathway that triggers gastric dysrhythmia when exogenously activated. The study was divided into three parts. In part 1, a dose-response study was performed in 7 dogs to estimate the 95% effective dose for four pharmacologic agents known to cause gastric dysrhythmia. In part 2, we determined the relative efficacy of three putative blockers in preventing pharmacologic induction of gastric dysrhythmia. In part 3, several ancillary experiments were performed. The results show that an intraarterial bolus of epinephrine, met-enkephalin, prostaglandin E2, and glucagon each induced episodes of gastric dysrhythmia, whereas- saline injections did not. The 95% effective dose of these dysrhythmic drugs were 10.5, 77.0, 35.0, and 407.0 μg/kg, respectively. The dysrhythmic action of epinephrine was blocked by phentolamine and indomethacin but not by naloxone. The dysrhythmic action of met-enkephalin was blocked by naloxone and indomethacin but not by phentolamine. The dysrhythmic action of glucagon was not blocked by phentolamine, naloxone, or indomethacin. The- inhibitory effect of indomethacin on epinephrine-induced gastric dysrhythmia was shared by meclof enamate. Thus, we conclude that local prostaglandins mediate the production of gastric dysrhythmias by epinephrine and met-enkephalin; however, glucagon causes gastric dysrhythmias by a non-prostaglandin-mediated mechanism.
Mutation of SH2B3 attenuates Dahl SS hypertension via inflammatory signaling (1136.15)

Previous studies implicate infiltrating immune cells in the kidney in the pathogenesis of Dahl salt sensitive hypertension. SH2B3, an adaptor protein shown to participate in vascular and inflammato...
Cdx1 Inhibits Human Colon Cancer Cell Proliferation by Reducing β-Catenin/T-cell Factor Transcriptional Activity

The cessation of proliferation and the induction of differentiation are highly coordinated processes that occur continuously in the intestinal crypts. The homeodomain transcription factors Cdx1 and Cdx2 regulate intestine-specific gene expression and enterocyte differentiation. Their roles in regulating proliferation are recognized but remain poorly understood. Previously, we demonstrated that Cdx1 expression diminished the proliferation of human colon cancer cells in part by reducing cyclin D1 gene expression. In order to elucidate further the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, we first hypothesized that Cdx1 or Cdx2 expression reduces colon cancer cell proliferation by inhibiting beta-catenin/T-cell factor (TCF) transcriptional activity. We report that Cdx1 or Cdx2 expression does inhibit beta-catenin/TCF transcriptional activity in colon cancer cells. This inhibitory effect is dose-dependent and is observed in different colon cancer cell lines, and the degree of inhibition correlates with the ability of Cdx1 to reduce cell proliferation. Cdx1 expression does not alter beta-catenin protein levels or intracellular distribution nor does it induce an inhibitory TCF isoform. We also find that Cdx1 expression is lost in Min mouse polyps with increased nuclear localization of beta-catenin, suggesting that Cdx1 does not support beta-catenin-mediated transformation. Finally, we show that colon cancer cells effectively reduce Cdx2-mediated inhibition of Wnt/beta-catenin/TCF transcriptional activity when compared with other model systems. This suggests that colon cancer and possibly crypt epithelial cells can modulate the effects of Cdx2 on beta-catenin signaling and proliferation. We conclude that Cdx1 and Cdx2 inhibit colon cancer cell proliferation by blocking beta-catenin/TCF transcriptional activity.
Extinguishing and Amending Tax-Deductible Conservation Easements: Protecting the Federal Investment after Carpenter, Simmons, and Kaufman

Taxpayers are investing billions of dollars in conservation easements intended to permanently protect unique or otherwise significant land areas or structures through the federal charitable income tax deduction available to easement donors under Internal Revenue Code § 170(h). Astounding amounts of governmental and judicial resources are also being expended to ensure that the easements are not overvalued, that they satisfy elaborate conservation purposes and other threshold requirements, and that the donations are properly substantiated. This enormous up-front investment will be for naught, however, if the purportedly permanent protections prove to be ephemeral because government and nonprofit holders are able to release, sell, swap, or otherwise extinguish the easements in disregard of the restriction on transfer, extinguishment, division of proceeds, and other perpetuity-related requirements in § 170(h) and the Treasury Regulations. The Tax Court’s holding in Carpenter v. Commissioner was an important victory for the IRS and the public because it provides some key guidance regarding compliance with § 170(h)’s perpetuity-related requirements. However, Carpenter has also engendered some confusion and speculation, and recent Circuit Court decisions have compounded the problem by undermining the IRS’s efforts to enforce the perpetuity-related requirements. This article examines these cases against the backdrop of the legislative history of § 170(h), state law, and public policy. It concludes that clear federal rules regarding the transfer, amendment, and extinguishment of tax-deductible conservation easements are needed because, without such rules, the purportedly perpetual protections will erode over time and the enormous public investment in the easements and the conservation values they are intended to protect for the benefit of future generations will be lost.
Block Implementation of Two-Time Scale Discrete-Time Systems and its Relation to multirate composite control

Block Processing technique is applied to a class of two-time scale linear discrete-time systems. Block state-space structures for slow and fast subsystems have been obtained. Based upon these models blocked slow and fast controls are designed. An extra control is designed to exactly compensate for the effects of the parasitics. In addition, the relation between the block processing and the multirate composite control is given which shows the general nature of the proposed method.
Data correction for pressure transmission lines using discrete time series models

A technique was demonstrated which can allow for online correction of the unsteady pressure signals transmitted through small-diameter pressure transmission lines. This time-domain technique involves the parameterization of an invertible, autoregressive moving average model for the pressure transmission line system. Applications of the technique to long slender transmission lines, 60 in (1.5 m) long, are reported. The digital filters developed from time series data, obtained by using random inputs to the pressure transmission system, were used to predict system input using measured output. The method was applied to the measurement of unsteady surface pressures on a circular cylinder. >
Intestinal Epithelial TLR-4 Activation Is Required for the Development of Acute Lung Injury after Trauma/Hemorrhagic Shock via the Release of HMGB1 from the Gut

The mechanisms that lead to the development of remote lung injury after trauma remain unknown, although a central role for the gut in the induction of lung injury has been postulated. We hypothesized that the development of remote lung injury after trauma/hemorrhagic shock requires activation of TLR4 in the intestinal epithelium, and we sought to determine the mechanisms involved. We show that trauma/hemorrhagic shock caused lung injury in wild-type mice, but not in mice that lack TLR4 in the intestinal epithelium, confirming the importance of intestinal TLR4 activation in the process. Activation of intestinal TLR4 after trauma led to increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, enterocyte apoptosis, and the release of circulating HMGB1, whereas inhibition of ER stress attenuated apoptosis, reduced circulating HMGB1, and decreased lung injury severity. Neutralization of circulating HMGB1 led to reduced severity of lung injury after trauma, and mice that lack HMGB1 in the intestinal epithelium were protected from the development of lung injury, confirming the importance of the intestine as the source of HMGB1, whose release of HMGB1 induced a rapid protein kinase C ζ-mediated internalization of surface tight junctions in the pulmonary epithelium. Strikingly, the use of a novel small-molecule TLR4 inhibitor reduced intestinal ER stress, decreased circulating HMGB1, and preserved lung architecture after trauma. Thus, intestinal epithelial TLR4 activation leads to HMGB1 release from the gut and the development of lung injury, whereas strategies that block upstream TLR4 signaling may offer pulmonary protective strategies after trauma.
Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) immunolocalization in the rodent outer retina demonstrated with an anti-rodent bFGF antibody.

Abstract The distribution of bFGF in mouse and rat retinas was established using an antibody generated against a rat specific bFGF sequence. The patterns established with this antibody were distinctly different in comparison to the immunostaining patterns using antibodies prepared against similar regions of bovine and human bFGF sequences. Using the anti-rat antibody, at postpartum day 5, both species demonstrate bFGF-like labeling in the outer retina, primarily associated with developing photoreceptors. The anti-rat bFGF antibody in the adult mouse produces intense labeling at the level of the photoreceptor outer segment, whereas in the adult rat, Muller's cells and RPE were intensely labeled but the photoreceptors appeared to be unlabeled. In contrast, the bovine and human antibodies consistently label ganglion cells in both mouse and rat retinas, cells in the inner aspect of the inner nuclear layer and developing horizontal cells, whereas no photoreceptor labelling was observed. These results suggest that minor species differences in a short segment of the bFGF molecule used to generate these antibodies may result in major differences in apparent bFGF-like immunolocalization.
A fast and flexible thinning algorithm

A fast serial and parallel algorithm for thinning digital patterns is presented. The processing speed is faster than previous algorithms in that it reads pixels along the edge of the input pattern rather than all pixels in each iteration. Using this algorithm, an experiment is conducted and the patterns such as 'X', 'H', 'A', 'moving body', and 'leaf' are tested. The results show that this algorithm is faster, structure-preserving, and more flexible in that it can be done either sequentially or in parallel. >
Case report 498

Observation d'une femme presentant une tumefaction douloureuse de la cheville. Radiographie, biopsie et exerese chirurgicale d'un lipome intraosseux avec infarcissement local
The Integration of Foreign Languages, Particularly German, in the College Curriculum1

Author's summary.— Foreign language teaching can be the keystone to integration since languages taught at American colleges are interlocked with the subject matter of almost every other department. Integrating methods can be applied in and out of foreign language classes. Possibilities of German and French are discussed in detail.