cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Receiving versus being denied an abortion and subsequent drug use

a b s t r a c t Background: Some research finds that women receiving abortions are at increased risk of subsequent drug use and drug use disorders. This literature is rife with methodological problems, particularly inappropriate comparison groups. Methods: This study used data from the Turnaway Study, a prospective, longitudinal study of women who sought abortions at 30 sites across the U.S. Participants included women presenting just prior to an abortion facility’s gestational age limit who received abortions (Near Limit Abortion Group, n = 452), just beyond the gestational limit who were denied abortions (Turnaways, n = 231), and who received first trimester abortions (First Trimester Abortion Group, n = 273). This study examined the relationship between receiving versus being denied an abortion and subsequent drug use over two years. Trajectories of drug use were compared using multivariate mixed effects regression. Results: Any drug use, frequency of drug use, and marijuana use did not change over time among women in any group. There were no differential changes over time in any drug use, frequency of drug use, or marijuana use between groups. However, Turnaways who ultimately gave birth increased use of drugs other than marijuana compared to women in the Near Limit Abortion Group (p = .041), who did not increase use. Conclusion: Women receiving abortions did not increase drug use over two years or have higher levels of drug use than women denied abortions. Assertions that abortion leads women to use drugs to cope with the stress of abortion are not supported.
Japan's Role in the Asian Environmental Crisis: Comparingthe Critical Literature and the Environmental Agency's White Papers

The late 1980s saw the development of two bodies of literature addressing Japan’s relationship to the Asian environmental crisis.The Japanese government’s statements were concerned primarily with the contributions Japan could make to solving that crisis, while critical scholars and NGOs focused on ways in which Japanese activity exacerbated it. Using the annual White Papers of the Japan Environment Agency as a guide, this survey article inquires into the extent to which the government has come to engage with the arguments of the critical literature during the 1990s, a decade in which governments and multilateral lending agencies have been forced to deal more closely with environmental concerns. In particular I discuss (1) the extent to which the white papers address Japan’s negative impacts on Asia; (2) the ways they treat Japan as a model for Asian environmental policy; and (3) their approach to conflict over policy-making. Protecting the global environment became a major theme of Japanese diplomacy at the turn of the 1990s. Prompted by growing international concern over global environmental problems and the opportunity to use these new issues for political benefit, a number of actors within the LDP and the bureaucracy began to stress Japan’s potential contribution to solving problems such as global warming (Schreurs 1997). Japan’s combination of deep pockets and abundant experience with antipollution technology were presented in government rhetoric as giving the country both the ability and the responsibility to tackle these issues (Japan Environment Agency (JEA) 1990; Government of Japan 1991). It was also argued that Japan’s close relationship with Asia meant that its efforts at environmental protection should be concentrated there. The years before and after the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) thus saw the announcement of a series of expensive new environmental initiatives in research and development, education and Official Development Assistance (ODA).
SAVoR: a server for sequencing annotation and visualization of RNA structures

RNA secondary structure is required for the proper regulation of the cellular transcriptome. This is because the functionality, processing, localization and stability of RNAs are all dependent on the folding of these molecules into intricate structures through specific base pairing interactions encoded in their primary nucleotide sequences. Thus, as the number of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data sets and the variety of protocols for this technology grow rapidly, it is becoming increasingly pertinent to develop tools that can analyze and visualize this sequence data in the context of RNA secondary structure. Here, we present Sequencing Annotation and Visualization of RNA structures (SAVoR), a web server, which seamlessly links RNA structure predictions with sequencing data and genomic annotations to produce highly informative and annotated models of RNA secondary structure. SAVoR accepts read alignment data from RNA-seq experiments and computes a series of per-base values such as read abundance and sequence variant frequency. These values can then be visualized on a customizable secondary structure model. SAVoR is freely available at http://tesla.pcbi.upenn.edu/savor.
Redfield's lost paper in a modern context

An alternative proof of the main results of the preceding paper by J. Howard Redfield is provided in modern terminology. The relationship of Redfield's results with a number of more recent articles is discussed. This is necessitated by the delay of over forty years between the submission and publication of his lost paper.
Personal name vocabularies as linked open data: A case study of jazz artist names

This article describes the process of constructing a vocabulary of personal names of jazz artists in the form of Linked Open Data (LOD). Created as a name directory to support the development of the Linked Jazz project, it provides a case study that demonstrates the value and the challenges of developing a domain-specific vocabulary tool that draws upon the semantics of DBpedia, a major LOD dataset. The article also addresses possible strategies for enhancing the directory to make it a more robust personal name vocabulary.
Optimal location of measurements for distributed parameter estimation

The problem of optimal measurement locations for state estimation in linear distributed parameter systems is considered. It has previously been shown that the optimal sensor location problem for distributed systems can be posed as an optimal control problem for a system described by the infinite-dimensional matrix Riccati equation for the filter covariance. A more efficient approach based on an upper bound of the filter covariance is developed in the present study. The relationship between the present approach and that of minimizing a measure of the filter covariance is studied. A detailed example is considered, and the results of the two approaches are compared.
Sensor Technology to Support Aging in Place

Older adults want to age in place at home. Sensor technology has the potential to help by monitoring individuals' health status, detecting emergency situations, and notifying health care providers. Researchers at the University of Missouri are investigating the impact of registered nurse care coordination and technology on the ability of older adults to age in place. Technology coupled with care coordination has improved clinical outcomes. This article presents an overview of the Aging in Place research, TigerPlace as a Missouri-sponsored Aging in Place facility, and the sensor technology developed to support Aging in Place.
I Don't Believe It! Belief Perseverance in Attitudes Toward Celebrities

The persistence of beliefs and feelings regarding a favorite celebrity were investigated. Source credibility was not expected to influence belief perseverance and emotional belief (feelings) perseverance toward favorite celebrities. Also, when asked to consider reasons why others would not like the celebrity, perseverance of beliefs and feelings were expected to decrease. Participants (N 201) from a Southern California private university completed an online survey. Contrary to the hypotheses, participants were more likely to believe the information when the media caught the celebrity and when the celebrity displayed the behavior. Also, using the consider-the-opposite strategy did not change beliefs or feelings. However, as predicted, perseverance of feelings about celebrities did vary by the source of information. The practical implications are that, although difficult, changing beliefs may be possible depending on the source of information. Limitations in the study are also discussed.
Fast algorithms for blind estimation of reverberation time

The reverberation time (RT) measures the persistence of a sound in enclosed acoustic spaces. In a previous work, a method for the blind maximum-likelihood estimation (MLE) of RT using passively received microphone signals was presented. The procedure overcomes the drawbacks of current methods that use a controlled sound source for RT determination. Here, fast algorithms for online implementation of the method are developed. One algorithm, suitable for a one-time determination of the RT, requires O(N) computations for a data frame of length N. A second IIR algorithm, based on Q-levels of quantization, requires O(Q) computations. Results for speech data and choice of algorithms are discussed.
An analysis of reported deaths following electroconvulsive therapy in Texas, 1993-1998

Since 1993, Texas law has required that all deaths that occur within 14 days of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) be reported to the Texas Department of Mental Health and Mental Retardation. This study attempted to differentiate deaths that may have been due to ECT or the associated anesthesia from those due to other causes. Among more than 8,000 patients who received 49,048 ECT treatments between 1993 and 1998, a total of 30 deaths were reported to the mental health department between 1993 and 1998. Only one death, which occurred on the same day as the ECT, could be specifically linked to the associated anesthesia. An additional four deaths could plausibly have been associated with the anesthesia, for which the calculated mortality rate is between two and ten per 100,000, but probably not with the stimulus of the ECT or seizure. The mortality rate associated with ECT (less than two per 100,000 treatments) in Texas is extremely low.
Intestinal mucin dynamics: Response of broiler chicks and White Pekin ducklings to dietary threonine

Mucin dynamics may be particularly sensitive to a Thr deficiency due to the high concentration and structural importance of Thr in the mucin protein backbone. Intestinal mucin secretion, expression of mucin gene (MUC2), and histological characteristics were investigated in male broilers and White Pekin ducklings offered diets containing 3.3, 5.8, or 8.2 g of Thr/kg in 4 studies. Seventy-two birds of each species were fed a standard broiler starter diet from 1 to 14 d of age followed by assignment to 3 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design for a 7-d feeding trial in experiment 1 (broilers) and experiment 2 (ducklings). The dietary treatments consisted of an isonitrogenous corn-soybean meal-based diet with the addition of crystalline amino acids and graded levels of Thr. Dietary treatments contained 3.3, 5.8, or 8.2 g of Thr/kg. Dietary formulation and experimental design for experiments 3 (broilers) and 4 (ducklings) were similar to experiments 1 and 2 except that birds were fed 3.3 or 8.2 g of Thr/kg for durations of 7 or 14 d. For chicks, increased dietary Thr resulted in higher levels of intestinal crude mucin excretion in experiment 1 (P=0.04) but not in experiment 3, whereas intestinal sialic acid excretion increased in experiment 3 (P=0.02) but not in experiment 1. Furthermore, there was no effect of Thr on intestinal goblet cell density or MUC2 mRNA abundance for broilers. For ducklings, there was an increase in intestinal crude mucin excretion in both experiments (P<0.05) as dietary Thr increased, although there was no effect of Thr on intestinal sialic acid excretion. There was a tendency for an increase in intestinal goblet cell density (cells/microm of villus length; P=0.09) as dietary Thr increased in experiment 2. For experiment 4, intestinal MUC2 mRNA abundance increased (P=0.03) as dietary Thr increased for the 14-d feeding trial but not for the 7-d feeding trial. The data establish a link between dietary Thr and intestinal crude mucin dynamics in chicks for experiment 1 and ducklings for both experiments.
PubChem3D: a new resource for scientists

PubChem is an open repository for small molecules and their experimental biological activity. PubChem integrates and provides search, retrieval, visualization, analysis, and programmatic access tools in an effort to maximize the utility of contributed information. There are many diverse chemical structures with similar biological efficacies against targets available in PubChem that are difficult to interrelate using traditional 2-D similarity methods. A new layer called PubChem3D is added to PubChem to assist in this analysis. PubChem generates a 3-D conformer model description for 92.3% of all records in the PubChem Compound database (when considering the parent compound of salts). Each of these conformer models is sampled to remove redundancy, guaranteeing a minimum (non-hydrogen atom pair-wise) RMSD between conformers. A diverse conformer ordering gives a maximal description of the conformational diversity of a molecule when only a subset of available conformers is used. A pre-computed search per compound record gives immediate access to a set of 3-D similar compounds (called "Similar Conformers") in PubChem and their respective superpositions. Systematic augmentation of PubChem resources to include a 3-D layer provides users with new capabilities to search, subset, visualize, analyze, and download data. A series of retrospective studies help to demonstrate important connections between chemical structures and their biological function that are not obvious using 2-D similarity but are readily apparent by 3-D similarity. The addition of PubChem3D to the existing contents of PubChem is a considerable achievement, given the scope, scale, and the fact that the resource is publicly accessible and free. With the ability to uncover latent structure-activity relationships of chemical structures, while complementing 2-D similarity analysis approaches, PubChem3D represents a new resource for scientists to exploit when exploring the biological annotations in PubChem.
Lower Leg Anterior and Lateral Intracompartmental Pressure Changes Before and After Classic Versus Skate Nordic Rollerskiing.

Context: Chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) is a debilitating condition resulting in loss of function and a decrease in athletic performance. Cases of CECS are increasing among Nordic skiers; therefore, analysis of intracompartmental pressures (ICPs) before and after Nordic skiing is warranted. Objective: To determine if lower leg anterior and lateral ICPs and subjective lower leg pain levels increased after a 20-minute Nordic rollerskiing time trial and to examine if differences existed between postexercise ICPs for the 2 Nordic rollerskiing techniques, classic and skate. Design: Crossover study. Setting: Outdoor paved loop. Patients or Other Participants: Seven healthy Division I Nordic skiers (3 men, 4 women; age = 22.71 ± 1.38 y, height = 175.36 ± 6.33 cm, mass = 70.71 ± 6.58 kg). Intervention(s): Participants completed two 20-minute rollerskiing time trials using the classic and skate technique in random order. The time trials were completed 7 days apart. Anterior and lateral ICPs a...
Institutional capacity building through land and water stewardship integration-an analysis of source water protection in Corvallis, Oregon

Globally, access to safe, reliable drinking water sources is a major challenge of this generation. Protected sources of drinking water provide communities with a sustainable, vital resource, yet many public water suppliers lack legal authority over their source water protection (SWP) area, especially in surface water systems. Absence of legal authority and ownership restricts institutional capacity. In the absence of legal authority and land ownership, strong social capacity supplements weak institutional capacity for SWP. Using a case study approach, this paper presents a national experience survey of municipal approaches to increasing institutional capacity for SWP; details SWP programs of two similar municipalities; uses those findings to inform the creation of a SWP plan in Corvallis, Oregon with particular attention paid to the augmentation of institutional capacity by integration with existing environmental stewardship organizations; compares institutional outcomes; and finds that social capacity maximization is a viable approach to SWP.
Determinants of surfactant function in acute lung injury and early recovery

Relationships between lung function and surfactant function and composition were examined during the evolution of acute lung injury in guinea pigs. Lung mechanics and gas exchange were assessed 12, 24, or 48 h after exposure to nebulized lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was processed for phospholipid and protein contents and surfactant protein (SP) A and SP-B levels; surfactant function was measured by pulsating bubble surfactometry. Lung elastance, tissue resistance, and arterial-alveolar gradient were moderately elevated by 12 h after LPS exposure and continued to increase over the first 24 h but began to recover between 24 and 48 h. Similarly, the absolute amount of 30,000 g pelleted SP-A and SP-B, the phospholipid content of BAL fluid, and surfactant function declined over the first 24 h after exposure, with recovery between 24 and 48 h. BAL fluid total protein content increased steadily over the first 48 h after LPS nebulization. In this model of acute lung injury, the intra-alveolar repletion of surfactant components in early recovery led to improved surfactant function despite the presence of potentially inhibitory plasma proteins.
Does It Say That? Tensions in Teacher Questions When the Text Has the Final Say

ABSTRACTUsing sociocultural concepts of authoritative and dialogic discourse, I sought to examine 5th-grade teachers’ questioning practices during small-group reading instruction to understand the differences between groups reading text on grade level and groups reading texts below grade level. The purpose was also to examine how questions functioned for students with learning disabilities. I used qualitative observations, video and audio transcripts, and teacher interviews as ethnographic and discourse analytic methods. Findings revealed how some questions that are designed to transfer responsibility of thought to the students can also work to maintain the location of knowledge within the teacher. Groups reading below-grade-level texts were 3 times more likely than on-grade-level groups to be asked questions that held them accountable to the text while also asserting correct meaning. The text was overprivileged as a source of knowledge for all groups; however, I discuss implications for students with lea...
E-Books in the Early Literacy Environment: Is There Added Value for Vocabulary Development?

ABSTRACTUsing a theory of affordances, this study examines the introduction of e-books into the early literacy environment as resources that can increase children’s opportunity for learning vocabulary. Added value was observed under conditions of (1) book browsing, (2) instruction, and (3) a print-only condition. A total of 33 4-year-olds (18 boys, 15 girls) from nine Head Start classrooms assigned to one of the three conditions participated over an 8-week period. Mean differences in target words learned in total and by mode in each condition were statistically significant in favor of the e-book-enriched environments. Differences in word learning between e-book environment conditions were clinically significant. Mean differences in words learned by total and by mode for children with varying levels of vocabulary knowledge (low, average, high) showed that those in e-book–enriched classrooms learned about 25% of the target words with children with low vocabulary showing comparable gains. Results suggest add...
Orientation Dependence of CdTe/Si Grown by MBE

In this study CdTe (111)B was grown by molecular beam epitaxy on vicinal Si(001) substrates, with a variety of substrate tilt angles ( θ ), and tilt directions ( φ ) relative to [110]. Layer quality, and content of double-domain and microtwin defects were evaluated by double crystal rocking curve (DCRC) full width at half maximum (FWHM) and x-ray diffraction, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to study interface quality and the nature of structural defects as a function of epilayer thickness. In the present investigation, substrate preparation and growth conditions, particularly initiation conditions, are correlated with Si (001) tilt. It has been found that oxide desorption processes can depend strongly on θ , especially for larger values of θ (> 4°). Currently, we routinely produce single domain, twin-free CdTe(111)B epilayers on vicinal Si (001) substrates.
Contextual Analysis: Taking Space, Time, and Place Seriously

In June 1981, International Studies Quarterly published a 'Symposium in Honor of HansJ. Morgenthau'. In it, the discussion and debate focused on various aspects of realism and idealism as they apply in today's world. I am sure most readers found it to be an interesting and useful retrospective on one of the major figures and major schools of thought in the field of international relations. In this symposium, honoring Harold and Margaret Sprout, we deal with a very different type of realism. It is at the same time less familiar and more challenging because it raises several basic questions about international relations which Morgenthau's approach did not. Harold and Margaret Sprout certainly understood themselves to be 'realists' in the sense that they devoted much effort to describing and clarifying the role of power in international relations. Yet their approach was very different than that of Morgenthau:
Exploring the Job Satisfaction of Late Career Secondary Physical Education Teachers

As teachers move toward the end of their careers, understanding the experiences that help them derive satisfaction from their work has implications for helping them stay engaged in teaching. The purpose of this study was to qualitatively examine the job satisfaction of late career physical education teachers. Jessica, Sandy, and Bill were later career physical education teachers (17–28 years of experience) who served as participants. All three had been colleagues at Harrisburg Middle School for 13 years. Data were collected using a job satisfaction graphing technique and qualitative interviews, and were analyzed using inductive analysis and constant comparison. Data analysis resulted in three themes related to the interactions teachers experienced with people in the school: ‘the kids and control,’ ‘our administration and marginalization,’ and ‘my fellow coworkers.’ Each theme related to both positive and negative appraisals of the teachers’ work. Implications for practice and future research are noted.
Calcitonin gene-related peptide mediates hypotension and tachycardia in endotoxic rats

Circulating calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) concentrations are elevated in experimental and clinical sepsis. CGRP causes hypotension and tachycardia, suggesting that the peptide might mediat...
Prediction of Energy Dissipation Rates for Aviation Turbulence. Part I: Forecasting Nonconvective Turbulence

AbstractCurrent automated aviation turbulence forecast algorithms diagnose turbulence from numerical weather prediction (NWP) model output by identifying large values in computed horizontal or vertical spatial gradients of various atmospheric state variables (velocity; temperature) and thresholding these gradients empirically to indicate expected areas of “light,” “moderate,” and “severe” levels of aviation turbulence. This approach is obviously aircraft dependent and cannot accommodate the many different aircraft types that may be in the airspace. Therefore, it is proposed to provide forecasts of an atmospheric turbulence metric: the energy dissipation rate to the one-third power (EDR). A strategy is developed to statistically map automated turbulence forecast diagnostics or groups of diagnostics to EDR. The method assumes a lognormal distribution of EDR and uses climatological peak EDR data from in situ equipped aircraft in conjunction with the distribution of computed diagnostic values. These remapped ...
Naturalism and Unbelief in France, 1650-1729

Atheism was the most fundamental challenge to early-modern French certainties. Leading educators, theologians and philosophers labelled such atheism as manifestly absurd, confident that neither the fact nor behaviour of nature was explicable without reference to God. The alternative was a categorical naturalism. This book demonstrates that the Christian learned world had always contained the naturalistic 'atheist' as an interlocutor and a polemical foil, and its early-modern engagement and use of the hypothetical atheist were major parts of its intellectual life. In the considerations and polemics of an increasingly fractious orthodox culture, the early-modern French learned world gave real voice and eventually life to that atheistic presence. Without understanding the actual context and convergence of the inheritance, scholarship, fierce disputes, and polemical modes of orthodox culture, the early-modern generation and dissemination of absolute naturalism are inexplicable. This book brings to life that Christian learned culture, its dilemmas, and its unintended consequences.
Coping With Dependence: A Logistics Strategy Based on Interorganizational Learning for Managing Buyer–Supplier Relations

The rise of outsourcing has heightened interest in the role of logistics managers in coping with dependence in buyer–supplier relations. Buying firm dependence on a supplier potentially reduces supplier performance to expectations because the buying firm cannot leverage power to capture value in the relationship. Drawing from interorganizational learning theory, we advance a logistics strategy that consists of supplier cost analysis and supplier integration as a means to create value and thereby mitigate the negative effects of dependence. By facilitating the acquisition and use of knowledge, supplier cost analysis and supplier integration enable buying firms to identify improvement opportunities while engaging in collaborative supplier relations. Using survey responses from 222 buying firms, we find that while buyer dependence decreases the buyer's perceived supplier performance, supplier integration suppresses these negative effects. Furthermore, we show that supplier cost analysis is a valuable knowledge acquisition tool that logistics managers can use to enable supplier integration as a relational form of governance. As such, we provide new insights into interorganizational learning theory and suggest to logistics managers the important role supplier cost analysis plays in managing buyer–supplier relationships.
Age and Gender Prediction on Health Forum Data

Health support forums have become a rich source of data that can be used to improve health care outcomes. A user profile, including information such as age and gender, can support targeted analysis of forum data. But users might not always disclose their age and gender. It is desirable then to be able to automatically extract this information from users’ content. However, to the best of our knowledge there is no such resource for author profiling of health forum data. Here we present a large corpus, with close to 85,000 users, for profiling and also outline our approach and benchmark results to automatically detect a user’s age and gender from their forum posts. We use a mix of features from a user’s text as well as forum specific features to obtain accuracy well above the baseline, thus showing that both our dataset and our method are useful and valid.
Feline Models of the Gangliosidoses: Research Applications for Investigating the Pathogenesis of Lysosomal Storage Disease

Studies in recent years have demonstrated that ganglioside storage disease is characterized not only by lysosomal hydrolase deficiencies and concomitant storage of gangliosides, but also by specific changes in the structure of neurons such as meganeurite formation and aberrant dendritogenesis and synaptogenesis. The discovery of these unusual morphological alterations, unprecedented for mature neurons, has suggested new hypotheses relating to the pathogenesis of storage disorders, as well as to the functions of gangliosides in the normal nervous system. The availability of colony-reared feline models of GM, and GM2 gangliosidosis, which are near perfect analogues of these disorders in children, offers a unique opportunity to test these and other hypotheses related to neuronal dysfunction in these diseases. This paper reviews some of the characteristics of these models and their contributions made to date and, additionally, surveys some of the significant unanswered questions for future studies which are expected to contribute to a more complete understanding of the pathobiology of neuronal storage disorders.
Foramen Magnum Meningiomas

Foramen magnum meningiomas (FMMs) are a rare entity; they account for 2.5% of all intracranial meningiomas and 4% of posterior fossa meningiomas [22]. The pathologic entity of FMM was first described in 1872; the first publication describing surgical removal was in 1922 [10]. That same year Cushing described a nomenclature for these lesions and published his series. The location of these lesions at the craniocervical junction in proximity to, and possibly encasing, the lower cranial nerves or vertebral arteries makes successful removal particularly challenging [14, 20]. A meningioma is considered to arise from the foramen magnum if the insertion of the tumor is in the region bounded anteriorly by the lower third of the clivus and the upper edge of the body of C2, laterally by the jugular tubercles and the upper aspect of the C1 laminas, and posteriorly by the anterior edge of the squamous occipital bone and C2 spinous process [8]. The large majority (90%) of these tumors are located ventrally or ventrolaterally requiring a lateral or anterior trajectory for successful surgical removal [8, 21, 23].
Renal volumes and estimated glomerular filtration rate changes after fenestrated-branched endovascular aortic repair.

Abstract Objective To describe changes in renal volumes (RV) and renal function after fenestrated-branched endovascular repair (F-BEVAR) for complex aortic aneurysms. Methods The data from patients enrolled in a physician-sponsored investigational device exemption clinical trial for endovascular treatment of complex aortic aneurysms from July 2012 to April 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Descriptive statistics were calculated using the mean ± standard deviation. The mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and RV were calculated at baseline and 6, 12, and 18 months after F-BEVAR. Variable distributions were evaluated for skewness, and all models required log-transformation. Linear models using generalized estimating equations were used to assess the association between the RV and eGFR over time after adjustment for relevant covariates. We used Kaplan-Meier life-table analysis to calculate survival and branch patency. Results A total of 139 patients were followed up for 18 months or until death. The mean age was 71 ± 8 years (70% male). The most common risk factor was hypertension (92%). Chronic kidney disease (CKD; eGFR 60 mL/min. The median follow-up period was 17.9 months (IQR, 6.3-24.8). The Kaplan-Meier survival rate at 1 and 2 years was 84.7% (95% CI, 78.3%-91.1%) and 78.8% (95% CI, 71.0%- 86.6%), respectively. Conclusions The RV and eGFR decreased in patients undergoing repair at the rates expected for patients with complex aortic disease. The eGFR correlated with the RV. Most of the decline in renal function occurred within the first 6 months postoperatively, after which, the renal function had stabilized.
What Has 25 Years of Racial Gerrymandering Doctrine Achieved

In 1993, Shaw v. Reno created a doctrine of racial gerrymandering that has now been in existence for 25 years. This Article examines the doctrine’s impact over that time—whether it has achieved the goals the Court set out for the doctrine in Shaw and whether it has had other consequences. This Article examines the doctrine’s impact through the lens of the place where the doctrine first took root and has been most heavily litigated over the last 25 years—North Carolina’s congressional districts. This Article also draws upon the existing empirical literature in its assessment of the doctrine’s impact. In doing so, this Article represents the first comprehensive assessment of the doctrine. Ultimately, the Article concludes that while more research could and should be done in this realm, racial gerrymandering doctrine does not appear to have achieved the goals the Court set out for it. In addition, the doctrine has likely had little additional impact other than to make districts more compact and cost state governments money for litigation and compliance. For these reasons, the Article concludes that the doctrine should be abandoned absent additional research documenting a systematically meaningful positive impact on American democracy.
Notes on Hartree-Fock Theory and Related Topics

The numerical challenges encountered when addressing electronic structure problems from first principles in computational quantum chemistry are humbling. Solving the Schrodinger equation for a large molecular system amounts to handling sets of second-order differential or integro-differential equations, often with thousands of variables. Indeed, the large number of particles that have to be treated in a quantum-mechanical description of a chemical system is certainly one of the greatest obstacles to quantum chemistry. The equations may have millions of singularities, and an accuracy of a few parts per billion is usually required. While a lot of sophisticated method development has been devoted to this problem with spectacular progress in the last couple of decades, the current state of the art nevertheless leaves both room and need for improvement. Many problems where a theoretical-computational approach could have an immense potential would require a quantitative description of extended molecular systems, i.e., molecules in the range 102–104 atoms.
Health Behavior Research, Cognate Disciplines, Future Identity, and an Organizing Matrix

Health behavior research is multidisciplinary. It is not exclusively the turf or domain of any single discipline or profession and is conducted by persons trained in a number of these disciplines. This chapter describes and discusses four major cognate disciplines that inspire and generate health behavior research: health psychology, medical anthropology, medical geography, and medical sociology. There is danger, of course, in designating these as “four major cognate disciplines”; it may well be argued that there are other “major” ones. Literature reviews, suggest, however, that the phrase, and its implied limitations, are appropriate.
The Airy wall jet with transpiration and stretching surface

Abstract The combined effects of wall stretching and transpiration on an Airy wall jet is considered. An exact solution dependent on two parameters is found. One parameter f w measures the transpiration through the surface and the other parameter λ measures the extensional motion of the surface. Suction occurs for f w > 0 and blowing occurs for f w 0 . The surface stretches when λ > 0 and shrinks when λ 0 . When f w = λ = 0 the original result of Weidman et al. (1997) is recovered; when λ = 0 the results of Magyari et al. (2003) are recovered; when f w = 0 the results of Kubitschek and Weidman (2017) are recovered. Solution of an implicit equation provides the boundary in f w - λ space for the existence of solutions. The region of existence of solutions increases with increasing suction.
Dual antiplatelet therapy versus aspirin monotherapy in diabetics with stable ischemic heart disease undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.

Background: Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) in patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing CABG is recommended to prevent recurrent ischemic events. The benefit of DAPT post-CABG in patients with stable ischemic heart disease (SIHD) is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utilization rate of DAPT and associated outcomes in patients with SIHD undergoing CABG via a secondary analysis of Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 2 Diabetes (BARI 2D) trial data. Methods: In a post-hoc, nonrandomized analysis from the BARI 2D trial, we compared patients receiving DAPT and aspirin monotherapy within 90 days post-randomization. The primary outcome was the risk adjusted 5-year composite of all-cause mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), or stroke. We analyzed patients assigned to prompt CABG treatment arm including both the insulin therapy assignments. Results: Of 378 patients, within 90 days post-randomization, 59 (16%) patients received DAPT and 319 (84%) patients received aspirin alone. Cox proportional hazard analysis demonstrated that there was no significant difference in the 5-year composite event of death, MI, and stroke between DAPT and monotherapy cohorts [13 (22.0%) vs. 61 (19.1%); adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 1.06; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.56 to 2.00; P=0.86]. There also was no significant difference at 1 year in the composite event [6 (10.2%) vs. 30 (9.4%); HR: 1.13; 95% CI: 0.46 to 2.79; P=0.79]. Conclusions: The use of DAPT in patients with diabetes post-CABG in this cohort was low. Compared with aspirin monotherapy, no associated differences were observed in cardiovascular outcomes. Larger prospective studies are needed to further elucidate this observation.
Lightning hazard safety measures and awareness in Bangladesh

Lightning is one of the most widespread and deadly hazards in Bangladesh. Bangladesh has among the highest death rates of any country. The main objective of this study is to analyze the people’s perception to investigate the potential misconceptions and myths on lightning. This paper addresses present safety knowledge and awareness among people, the spatial variation of lightning strikes from 1998 to 2013 and spatial variation of lightning deaths from 2011 to 2015 in Bangladesh. People’s perception on lightning has been analyzed using field surveys, and the spatial variation of lightning strikes and deaths has been analyzed using geographic information system. The results of this paper revealed that there are some misconceptions, myths, and misunderstanding among the different demographic groups of people in Bangladesh. Analysis of annual spatial variation of lightning flash density suggests that the northern and northeastern parts of Bangladesh have the highest lightning flash rate density. Pre-monsoon season experiences the highest rate of flash density among all seasons. Analysis of spatial variation of lightning deaths suggests that Chapai Nawabganj District of Bangladesh is in the top of the lightning death rates per million people per district over years 2011–2015. It was found that the main reasons behind this large number of deaths are lack of lightning safety knowledge and awareness, lack of shelters, and lack of lightning safety precaution training. To improve this situation and minimize the loss of lives and property, a comprehensive plan and policy should be developed.
Dysglycemia among youth with type 1 diabetes and suboptimal glycemic control in the Flexible Lifestyle Empowering Change trial.

Objective To examine the prevalence and correlates of non-severe hypoglycemia among adolescents with type 1 diabetes and suboptimal glycemic control, an understudied topic in this group. Methods Seven days of blinded continuous glucose monitor data were analyzed in 233 adolescents at baseline of the Flexible Lifestyle Empowering Change trial (13-16 years, type 1 diabetes duration >1 year, and hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] 8-13% [64-119 mmol]). Incidence of clinical hypoglycemia (54-69 mg/dL) and clinically serious hypoglycemia ( Results The sample was 76.1% non-Hispanic white, 49.8% female, age = 14.9 ± 1.1 years, diabetes duration = 6.4 ± 3.7 years, and HbA1c = 9.6 ± 1.2% (81 ± 13 mmol/mol). Over 7 days, 79.4% of youth experienced ≥1 hypoglycemic episodes of Conclusions Almost 80% of adolescents with elevated HbA1c had an episode of clinical hypoglycemia, and >50% had clinically serious hypoglycemia in a week. Increased education alongside access to emerging diabetes technologies may help to prevent hypoglycemia while improving glycemic control.
Busulfan with fludarabine myeloablative conditioning regimen in myeloid neoplasms: A single center experience.

e18000 Background: The best conditioning regimen for patients undergoing myeloablative hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is unknown. Busulfan (Bu) and fludarabine (Flu) containing regimens have shown a good safety profile with low toxicity. A retrospective analysis of patients (pts) with myeloid neoplasms (AML/MDS/CML) who underwent allogeneic HSCT between 2008 and 2012 with myeloablative dose of busulfan and fludarabine is here reported. Methods: A total of 45 pts were included in the analysis. Twenty eight (62.2%) had AML, 15 (33.3%) MDS and 2 CML. The regimen consisted of IV Flu 40 mg/m2 and IV Bu 130 mg/m2 on days -6 to -3. Tacrolimus and methotrexate were used for graft-versus-host (GVHD) prophylaxis. Thymoglobulin (ATG) (4 mg/kg) was administered in unrelated and mismatched donor grafts. All received peripheral blood as source of stem cells. Fourteen donors were HLA identical related, 21matched unrelated and 10 mismatched unrelated. Median age was 58 (range 22-68) with 33 (73%) pts bein...
The Corrosive Influence of the Flynn Effect on Age Normed Tests.

The Flynn effect (FE; e.g., Flynn, 1984) is the longitudinal increase in measured IQ. IQ tests must be regularly renormed to have consistent meaning in the presence of the FE. Understudied, however...
Trends of polychlorinated dioxins, polychlorinated furans, and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls in Chinook and Coho salmonid eggs from a Great Lakes tributary.

Abstract Eggs from mature Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and Coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) salmon were collected between 2004 and 2014 from the Salmon River fish hatchery in Altmar, New York. The egg samples were analyzed for seventeen polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), as well as four dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) using USEPA methods 1613 and 1668. Salmonid eggs were chosen as a tissue of interest since salmon feed at all trophic levels of the food web as they grow, and spawn in a narrow range of ages providing consistent, representative, and temporal samples of contaminant exposure. First-order decay models indicate decreasing trends for all select contaminants in both species, expressed by a toxic equivalence (TEQ) half-life (t1/2) of 11 years in Chinook and Coho eggs. No significant statistical difference in contaminant elimination rates were noted between species. TEQ elimination rates for Coho and Chinook eggs were not significantly different (p > 0.05) when compared with published Lake Ontario whole-fish lake trout elimination rates. Our research demonstrates that salmonid eggs are an effective means to assess PCDD, PCDF, and DL-PCB exposures and long-term trends in the Great Lakes.
Building Yanhuitlan. Art, politics, and religion in the Mixteca Alta since 1500

Thanks to the pioneering study of Jimenez Moreno, the role played by Mixtec leaders in Yanhuitlan since the arrival of the Spaniards is well known. The church and convento, however, do not show any...
Low Loss, Compact Waveguides in GaAs/Oxidized AlGaAs Layers Directly Grown on Silicon

Waveguides in high index contrast GaAs/Oxidized AlGaAs layers directly grown on silicon are presented. These are very similar to waveguides in Si photonics and can be the basis of very high performance photonic integration platform. © 2019 The Author(s)
Benchmarking Minimax Linkage

Minimax linkage was first introduced by Ao et al. [3] in 2004, as an alternative to standard linkage methods used in hierarchical clustering. Minimax linkage relies on distances to a prototype for each cluster; this prototype can be thought of as a representative object in the cluster, hence improving the interpretability of clustering results. Bien and Tibshirani analyzed properties of this method in 2011 [2], popularizing the method within the statistics community. Additionally, they performed comparisons of minimax linkage to standard linkage methods, making use of five data sets and two different evaluation metrics (distance to prototype and misclassification rate). In an effort to expand upon their work and evaluate minimax linkage more comprehensively, our benchmark study focuses on thorough method evaluation via multiple performance metrics on several well-described data sets. We also make all code and data publicly available through an R package, for full reproducibility. Similarly to [2], we find that minimax linkage often produces the smallest maximum minimax radius of all linkage methods, meaning that minimax linkage produces clusters where objects in a cluster are tightly clustered around their prototype. This is true across a range of values for the total number of clusters (k). However, this is not always the case, and special attention should be paid to the case when k is the true known value. For true k, minimax linkage does not always perform the best in terms of all the evaluation metrics studied, including maximum minimax radius. This paper was motivated by the IFCS Cluster Benchmarking Task Force's call for clustering benchmark studies and the white paper [5], which put forth guidelines and principles for comprehensive benchmarking in clustering. Our work is designed to be a neutral benchmark study of minimax linkage.
Intramuscular blood flow in Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophy: Quantitative power Doppler sonography relates to disease severity.

Abstract Objective Absent or truncated dystrophin in Duchenne (DMD) and Becker (BMD) muscular dystrophies results in impaired vasodilatory pathways and exercise induced muscle ischemia. Here, we used power Doppler sonography to quantify changes in intramuscular blood flow immediately following exercise in boys with D/BMD. Method We quantified changes in intramuscular blood flow following exercise using power Doppler sonography in 14 boys with D/BMD and compared changes in muscle blood flow to disease severity and to historic controls. Result Post exercise blood flow change in the anterior forearm muscles is lower in (1) DMD (median 0.25%; range −0.47 to 2.19%) than BMD (2.46%; 2.02–3.38%, p Conclusion Post-exercise blood flow is reduced in D/BMD and relates to disease severity. Significance Our protocol for quantifying post-exercise intramuscular blood flow is feasible for clinical trials in D/BMD.