cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Experiences with remotely-operated minisodars

Abstract A minisodar system deployed for long-term, continuous operation as part of a meteorological monitoring network is described. Problems associated with this deployment, including the environmental, mechanical, and data environment, arc described, and the solutions are discussed. A brief discussion of some of the results of the first year of operation is presented along with plans for future uses of minisodars in conjunction with radar wind profilers in an expanded network
Laparoscopy for inflammatory bowel disease—pushing the envelope!

The use of laparoscopic methods for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are still far from standard techniques owing to the fact that Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) patients coming to surgery may have extensive disease, are often acutely ill, and may have extremely fragile tissues related to either their chronic disease state or their steroid use. Nonetheless, these patients are often highly motivated to undergo a “minimally” disfiguring operation. As this article will outline, there is increasing evidence that a faster recovery may be an expected outcome when surgery is performed using minimally invasive surgical techniques. Surgeons specializing in the treatment of IBD have been motivated by the potential advantages of laparoscopic methods such as faster recovery, fewer complications, and less intraabdominal trauma, and possibly even fewer adhesions within the peritoneal cavity after the operation. The purpose of this chapter is to outline some of the reported data available regarding laparoscopic treatment of IBD patients (both Crohn’s and ulcerative colitis) and also to comment on some of the futuristic aspects currently under investigation (pushing the envelope!) of laparoscopic surgery for these conditions.
A Prospective Evaluation of Alcohol-assisted versus Mechanical Epithelial Removal Before Photorefractive Keratectomy

Objective: The purpose of the study is to compare alcohol-assisted versus mechanical debridement of the corneal epithelium before photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for low-to-moderate myopia. Design: A prospective study was performed on a group of consecutive patients operated on at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary from February to April 1996 and followed for 6 months. Participants: Eighty patients (eyes) were divided in 2 groups: 40 alcohol and 40 mechanical. Intervention: The patients underwent PRK for myopia (−1.5 to −7.5 diopters) with a Summit Apex excimer laser. The corneal epithelium was removed either with 20% ethanol or with a scalpel blade. Main Outcome Measures: The two groups were compared for epithelial removal time, epithelial defect size at the end of surgery, and rate of re-epithelialization. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), refractive outcome, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and subjective haze were measured at 4 days and at 1, 3, and 6 months. In an additional short-term study, 40 patients (20 alcohol, 20 mechanical) had intraoperative pachymetry performed. Results: Alcohol-assisted de-epithelialization was faster than mechanical debridement (107 [±20.6 standard deviation] versus 141 [±30.5] seconds [ P t test, P = 0.04; f test, P = 0.001]). At 4 days, 95% of the alcohol-treated patients had healed compared with 78% of the mechanically scraped patients (Fisher's exact test, P = 0.04). The alcohol group had a better UCVA at 4 days (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution UCVA 0.36 [±0.22] versus 0.51 [±0.26]) and at 1 month (0.14 [±0.17] versus 0.22 [±0.16] [Mann-Whitney U test, P = 0.02 and P = 0.03]) but equalized at 3 months (0.10 [±0.14] versus 0.13 [±0.16]) and at 6 months (0.11 [±0.15] versus 0.14 [±0.13] [Mann-Whitney U test, P = 0.23 and P = 0.34]). There was a trend toward less subjective haze in the alcohol-treated patients over the course of the study (area under the curve, 71.9 [±35.3] versus 87.9 [±33.8] [Mann-Whitney U test, P = 0.07]). The difference from target was equivalent in both groups at 6 months (−0.22 [±0.58] diopter in the alcohol group and −0.43 [±0.52] diopter in the mechanical group [ t test, P = 0.14; f test, P = 0.57]). There were no differences in intraoperative pachymetry, corneal uniformity index as calculated from the corneal topography, and loss of BCVA between the two groups. Conclusions: Twenty percent ethanol is a simple, safe, and effective alternative to mechanical scraping before PRK and appears to be associated with a quicker visual rehabilitation.
Non-contact ultrasonic measurements in food materials

Abstract A novel air-coupled transducer and signal generator is used to measure the speed of sound and thickness (5–15 mm) of samples of various food products (cheese, reduced fat cheese, luncheon meat, reduced fat luncheon meat, and cranberry sauce). Measurements were made with two transducers (1 MHz) placed one either side of the sample at a distance of approximately 30 mm from the food surface. Thicknesses measured by this method were similar to measurements made using calipers for all samples. At a single point the ultrasonic measurements were very precise (s.d. ∼0.003 mm, n=12) but when several points on the same slice were averaged the precision reflected unevenness in the slicing operation. Ultrasonic velocity measurements were made using non-contact and conventional contact-mode ultrasound. The precision of both methods was similar but the apparent speed of sound measurements made in contact mode were significantly higher, suggesting the soft solids studied were compressed during analysis.
Isolation by adaptation in Neochlamisus leaf beetles: host-related selection promotes neutral genomic divergence.

This study tests how divergent natural selection promotes genomic differentiation during ecological speciation. Specifically, we use adaptive ecological divergence (here, population divergence in host plant use and preference) as a proxy for selection strength and evaluate the correlation between levels of adaptive and genetic differentiation across pairwise population comparisons. Positive correlations would reveal the pattern predicted by our hypothesis, that of ‘isolation by adaptation’ (IBA). Notably, IBA is predicted not only for selected loci but also for neutral loci. This may reflect the effects of divergent selection on neutral loci that are ‘loosely linked’ to divergently selected loci or on geneflow restriction that facilitates genetic drift at all loci, including neutral loci that are completely unlinked to those evolving under divergent selection. Here, we evaluate IBA in maple- and willow-associated populations of Neochlamisus bebbianae leaf beetles. To do so, we collected host preference data to construct adaptive divergence indices and used AFLPs (amplified fragment length polymorphisms) and mitochondrial sequences to quantify genetic differentiation. Partial Mantel tests showed significant IBA in ‘pooled’ analyses of putatively neutral and of putatively selected (‘outlier’) AFLP loci. This pattern was also recovered in 12% of ‘locus-specific’ analyses that separately evaluated genetic differentiation at individual neutral loci. These results provided evidence for widespread effects of selection on neutral genomic divergence. Our collective findings indicate that host-related selection may play important roles in the population genomic differentiation of both neutral and selected gene regions in herbivorous insects.
Clinical Activities of an Academic Pediatric Pharmacy Team

BACKGROUNDPharmacy school faculty, residents, and students have been shown to positively impact patient care in multiple settings. However, their potential role in the care of pediatric patients has not been described.OBJECTIVETo document the contribution of pharmacy school faculty, residents, and students to the optimization of medical care for pediatric patients.METHODSAll clinical interventions performed by faculty, residents, and students for pediatric patients seen from January through December 2002 were recorded and analyzed. The interventions were concurrently recorded using a handheld and desktop computer-based documentation system, the Pharmacist's Electronic Database for Interventions, developed by the pediatric practice team. Practice sites included general pediatrics, pediatric intensive care, neonatal intensive care, and ambulatory clinics.RESULTSFour faculty members, 5 residents, and 44 students collected intervention data. A total of 4605 interventions were performed for 3978 patients. The ...
Environmental geometry and heterogeneity–diversity relationships in spatially explicit simulated communities

Question How are heterogeneity–diversity relationships (HDRs) influenced by spatial structure in environmental variables, sampling grain and the extent of niche differentiation? Methods We developed a spatially explicit simulation model incorporating variable dispersal distances and competition strength on fractal landscapes. By varying the grain used to sample these models, we examined scaling patterns in HDR metrics at fine scales (sampling grain from 100 to 10 000 individuals, sampling extent ca. 260 000 individuals). Results Environmental geometry exerts an important influence on the ecological processes responsible for HDRs. Unique geometric characteristics of individual landscapes can greatly influence emergent community properties; field studies frequently use inadequate sample sizes to account for this phenomenon. Two opposing processes influence spatial scaling of HDRs: variance partitioning, which favours smaller-grained samples, and mass effects, which favour larger-grained samples. In assessing HDRs, diversity is more sensitive than species richness, and should be the preferred measure in field studies. The environmental geometry and age of a community interact: compared to high fractal dimension landscapes, low fractal dimension landscapes are slower to develop HDRs, but in the long term their HDRs will be higher. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that, despite the superficial simplicity of the concept, HDRs vary in complex and non-intuitive ways, and warrant further theoretical and empirical study. More generally, environmental geometry is likely to exert a strong influence on many emergent community processes, but we do not yet have a firm understanding of this relationship.
PerRank: Personalized Rank Retrieval with Categorical and Numerical Attributes

Ranking has been popularly used for intelligent data retrieval in both database and machine learning communities. Recently, there were studies on integrating these two approaches to support soft queries, based on a user's sense of relevance and preference, for ranking with numerical attributes. However, in real life, it is desirable to use categorical attributes together with numerical ones in ranking. For example, when buying a car, categorical attributes, such as make, model, color, and equipments, are considered as significant factors as numerical attributes, such as price and year. Meanwhile, users often do not have sufficient domain knowledge at formulating an effective selection query over categories, whereas rank formulation is even more challenging as categories have no inherent ordering. In this paper, we propose a framework PerRank (Personalized Ranking with Categorical and Numerical Attributes) to support personalized ranking with both categorical and numerical attributes for soft queries. For an efficient computation, we developed an algorithm CAC (Clustering-based Attribute Construction) which makes use of a clustering method. Extensive experiments show CAC is effective and efficient at supporting ranking with both categorical and numerical attributes for soft queries.
The Mechanics of Earthquakes and Faulting

This essential reference for graduate students and researchers provides a unified treatment of earthquakes and faulting as two aspects of brittle tectonics at different timescales. The intimate connection between the two is manifested in their scaling laws and populations, which evolve from fracture growth and interactions between fractures. The connection between faults and the seismicity generated is governed by the rate and state dependent friction laws - producing distinctive seismic styles of faulting and a gamut of earthquake phenomena including aftershocks, afterslip, earthquake triggering, and slow slip events. The third edition of this classic treatise presents a wealth of new topics and new observations. These include slow earthquake phenomena; friction of phyllosilicates, and at high sliding velocities; fault structures; relative roles of strong and seismogenic versus weak and creeping faults; dynamic triggering of earthquakes; oceanic earthquakes; megathrust earthquakes in subduction zones; deep earthquakes; and new observations of earthquake precursory phenomena.
Enhancement of dielectric strength and processibility of high dielectric constant Al nanocomposite by organic molecule treatment

Processible high-dielectric (high K) and low loss materials are in great and urgent demand for power module packaging of next generation low power integrated heterogeneous systems, where efforts to migrate current bulky AC-DC converting systems to 2D/3D high density integrated systems will be intensively made. We had demonstrated very high K composites (over 150) with low loss, where a core-shell structure (Al 2 O 3 passivation shell and Al core) of aluminum particles plays a critical role for the permittivity. The composite showed high adhesion onto the organic substrates and copper surfaces. However, one challenging issue on the core-shell Al composite is the low dielectric strength (breakdown voltage), which limits its use in high power applications. The low breakdown voltage is attributed to the dielectrically weak surface of the Al particles. The thin Al 2 O 3 shell with a thickness in the order of tens of nanometers limits its dielectric strength. This study focuses on surface modification of the core-shell Al nanoparticles with organic molecules that can provide not only the high dielectric strength but also improved dispersion and processibility in epoxy resins. We found that the epoxy nanocomposite filled with organic molecules-treated core-shell Al particles shows a dramatic improvement in dielectric breakdown and dispersion. Effects of the different coating molecules on the breakdown voltage and dielectric properties were studied. The mechanism of the interface chemical treatment was discussed. In addition to the enhanced dielectric strength, the improved flowability and processibility of the high filler loaded compound by the surface modification and using a bimodal particle size are presented.
Fish as vectors in the dispersal of Bythotrephes cederstroemi: Diapausing eggs survive passage through the gut

Summary 1 Bythotrephes cederstroemi (Crustacea: Onychopoda: Cercopagidae) is an introduced invertebrate predator currently spreading through the Laurentian Great Lakes region of North America. We examined a previously unsuspected way in which B. cederstroemi may be dispersed by fish by their consumption of diapausing eggs. 2 Ninety-four percentage of the mature B. cederstroemi diapausing eggs consumed by fish were egested apparently intact. This proportion is considerably above previous estimates for the ephippial eggs of Daphnia. The hatching success of diapausing eggs was compared among four categories: (a) eggs released naturally by B. cederstroemi (control, 73% hatched) (b) eggs released during ‘stressful confinement’ (46% hatched) (c) eggs dissected from dead females (13% hatched) and (d) eggs recovered from faecal pellets following consumption by fish (viable gut passage experiment, 41% hatched). 3 Samples of small fish and B. cederstroemi were collected simultaneously. Examination of gut contents revealed that fish contained B. cederstroemi diapausing eggs and that B. cederstroemi bearing resting eggs were consumed selectively over those without eggs. Moreover, fish selected B. cederstroemi bearing mature rather than immature diapausing eggs. 4 The fact that diapausing eggs survive gut passage is important for the dispersal of B. cederstroemi. Fish often move between the pelagic and littoral zones of lakes and may thus disperse diapausing eggs widely. Fish may also move between lakes connected by river systems and can be caught and passively dispersed by anglers or piscivorous birds. Our results demonstrate the potential for fish to act as vectors in the spread of B. cederstroemi.
Passive Microwave Soil Moisture Research

During the four years of the AgRISTARS Program, significant progress was made in quantifying the capabilities of microwave sensors for the remote sensing of soil moisture. In this paper we discuss the results of numerous field and aircraft experiments, analysis of spacecraft data, and modeling activities which examined the various noise factors such as roughness and vegetation that affect the interpretability of microwave emission measurements. While determining that a 21-cm wavelength radiometer was the best single sensor for soil moisture research, these studies demonstrated that a multisensor approach will provide more accurate soil moisture information for a wider range of naturally occurrring conditions.
Integration of NNN into EHRS: how are we doing?: IJNK virtual issue.

This special edition of IJNK, includes six articles published in the last 20 years that provide a snap shot of efforts to integrate one or more of the standardized terminologies, NANDA-I, NOC, NIC (NNN), into electronic health records (EHRs). The selection was intentional and demonstrates the progress made toward the achievement of nursing’s long term EHR goal: To demonstrate the impact of nursing care on patient outcomes through the analysis of interoperable nursing data gathered in EHRs. The first four articles, written between 1993 and 2000, provide a glimpse of initial steps and strategies. The final two, published respectively in 2009 and 2012, indicate a major shift from the earlier strategies and provide examples of the full integration and use of NNN in EHRs.
Do leaders reap what they sow? Leader and employee outcomes of leader organizational cynicism about change

Despite increased attention given to the attitude of organizational cynicism, few studies have examined the impact of leader cynicism in organizations. The present study sought to investigate relationships between leader cynicism about organizational change (CAOC) and outcomes relevant to both the leader (performance and organizational citizenship behavior ratings) and his/her employees (employee organizational commitment and CAOC). Using data from 106 manufacturing managers, leader CAOC was found to negatively influence both leader and employee outcomes. Of particular importance, transformational leader behavior was found to fully mediate these relationships and thus served as an important explanatory mechanism. A discussion concerning the potential consequences of these findings for organizations is provided.
Some basic guidelines for miniaturizing UWB antennas

The purpose of the paper is to discuss broadband antenna miniaturization in general. The goal is to illustrate some simple guidelines that can used for miniaturizing a broadband antenna. To demonstrate these guidelines, we use a wire log-spiral antenna which is miniaturized via inductive loading. In this case, the inductive loading is achieved without modifying the antenna structure by increasing the self inductance of the wire segments from which form the spiral. This is readily accomplished using a method of moments code such as NEC which allows the user to assign a distributed or lumped impedance to each wire segment. Therefore, the phase velocity can be arbitrarily reduced depending upon the inductance per unit length. Using this approach, we discuss two important guidelines for miniaturizing an UWB antenna such as a spiral. The first is in determining how much the antenna should be miniaturized. Secondly, we examine how the loading profile impacts the performance of a spiral antenna.
The minimum dummy task problem

The minimum dummy task problem for PERT networks is NP-complete on arbitrary graphs. This paper presents a very simple heuristic algorithm for the minimum dummy task problem and proves that this algorithm finds an optimal PERT network for various classes of graphs, including interval orders, two-dimensional partial orders, and seriesparallel partial orders.
Cigarette Smoking, Periodontal Disease, and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Background: Cigarette smoking is a significant risk factor for both chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and periodontal disease. The goal of this study was to better understand the role of smoking in a possible relationship between periodontal disease and COPD. Methods: The study population consisted of 7,625 participants in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) during 1988-1994 who were aged 30 years or older when examined and who received a spirometric examination. The data analysis employed logistic regression models and accounted for the complex sampling design used in NHANES III. Results: After adjustment for potential confounders, there was no statistically significant association between periodontal disease and COPD among former or non-smokers. Current smokers with ≥4 mm mean loss of attachment had an odds ratio of 3.71 (95% confidence interval: 1.74, 7.89). Conclusions: These results suggest that cigarette smoking may be a cofactor in the relationship bet...
DIELECTRIC RESPONSE OF VARIABLE THICKNESS Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 FILMS FOR PROPERTY-SPECIFIC DEVICE APPLICATIONS

ABSTRACT The dielectric properties of barium strontium titanate thin films with composition Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 were studied as a function of film thickness for implementation in a variety of devices with different requirements. Films were prepared by metalorganic solution deposition and characterized using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and Rutherford back-scattering. The dielectric (100 kHz) and insulating properties were also measured. The film morphology and dielectric/insulating properties are thickness dependent, yet the best combination of properties was in films of 160 nm to 240 nm. These films had a moderate dielectric constant (∼300), low loss (∼ 0.029), good tunability (∼ 30%), and low leakage current (∼ 10− 8 A/cm2).
Growth Mechanisms in Tip-Growing Plant Cells

Tip growth is employed throughout the plant kingdom. Our understanding of tip growth has benefited from modern tools in molecular genetics, which have enabled the functional characterization of proteins mediating tip growth. Here we first discuss the evolutionary role of tip growth in land plants and then describe the prominent model tip-growth systems, elaborating on some advantages and disadvantages of each. Next we review the organization of tip-growing cells, the role of the cytoskeleton, and recent developments concerning the physiological basis of tip growth. Finally, we review advances in the understanding of the extracellular signals that are known to guide tip-growing cells.
Phased arrays using dual-wafer fabrication/high-integration processes

This paper explores the current research being conducted at the US Army Aviation and Missile Research, Development and Engineering Center (RDEC) on the Redstone Arsenal in Huntsville, Alabama. It discusses the benefits of an electronically steerable phased array (ESA), in particular as it applies to a military environment. It includes a background study into the components behind the active ESA and discusses the current level of integration of the microelectronic circuitry in the design. The purpose of the research is to explore the highest possible level of component integration for a phased array utilizing the state-of-the-art in solid state electronics and semiconductor fabrication and packaging. The paper also discusses the future direction of the research to be conducted on the RDEC.
Structure studies on lanthanide technetium pyrochlores as prospective host phases to immobilize 99technetium and fission lanthanides from effluents of reprocessed used nuclear fuels

Abstract We report here results of a systematic investigation regarding the incorporation of 99Tc into pyrochlore oxide structures, Ln2Tc2O7, where Ln represents trivalent lanthanide Ln3+ cations, while 99Tc is a tetravalent, Tc4+, metal cation. In this study, we used the following Ln cations: Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd and Lu. The goal in this preliminary study was to characterize and quantify the range of stability of the lanthanum technetium pyrochlore oxide phase. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Rietveld analysis was used to characterize the crystalline phase content, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize the microstructure and homogeneity of the Ln–Tc pyrochlore specimens. All of the pyrochlore samples exhibited good crystallinity and their lattice parameters could be refined with remarkable accuracy. Low refinement residuals (RBragg) of 1.1–3.1% were achieved. The refined, cubic lattice parameters ranged from 1.0447156(83) nm for Pr2Tc2O7 to 1.013777(22) nm for Lu2Tc2O7, with a linear trend relative to the Ln3+ ionic radius. We also demonstrated here the successful synthesis of Nd2Tc2O7, using a simple, scalable synthesis route.
Cultural algorithms: knowledge learning in dynamic environments

Our previous work on real-valued function optimization problems had shown that cultural learning emerged as the result of meta-level interaction or swarming of knowledge sources, "knowledge swarms" in the belief space. These meta-level swarms induced the swarming of individuals in the population space, "cultural swarms". The interaction of these knowledge sources with the population swarms produced three emergent phases of problem solving. This reflected an algorithmic process that emerged from the interaction of the knowledge sources. We investigate the extent to which these emergent phenomena are also visible within dynamic environments. We motivate the discussion in terms of a simulation model of a reversible switching surface. We demonstrate how we can program such changes in surface structure using knowledge source interaction in cultural algorithms.
Optical Dark-Field and Electron Energy Loss Imaging and Spectroscopy of Symmetry-Forbidden Modes in Loaded Nanogap Antennas.

We have produced large numbers of hybrid metal–semiconductor nanogap antennas using a scalable electrochemical approach and systematically characterized the spectral and spatial character of their plasmonic modes with optical dark-field scattering, electron energy loss spectroscopy with principal component analysis, and full wave simulations. The coordination of these techniques reveal that these nanostructures support degenerate transverse modes which split due to substrate interactions, a longitudinal mode which scales with antenna length, and a symmetry-forbidden gap-localized transverse mode. This gap-localized transverse mode arises from mode splitting of transverse resonances supported on both antenna arms and is confined to the gap load enabling (i) delivery of substantial energy to the gap material and (ii) the possibility of tuning the antenna resonance via active modulation of the gap material’s optical properties. The resonant position of this symmetry-forbidden mode is sensitive to gap size, d...
Linking CDOM patterns in Cayuga Lake, New York, USA, to terrigenous inputs

Lacustrine patterns of the light absorption of colored dissolved organic matter ( a CDOM ) and its composition proxies were resolved and linked to concurrent conditions of tributary inputs for Cayuga Lake, New York. We analyzed fixed-frequency samples of the lake at 3 sites and runoff event-based samples at the mouths of 3 gauged tributaries over a 7 month interval and measured dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and a CDOM over the visible wavelengths (400–700 nm) and at 254 nm. The tributaries are demonstrated to be enriched in a CDOM and DOC, with widely different proxy conditions compared to the lake, which further diverge during runoff events. DOC, a CDOM , and the composition proxies for the tributaries had significant, and mostly strong, dependencies on flow rate, described by power-law relationships. The differences in the composition proxies indicated lower contributions of CDOM to the DOC pool, reduced aromaticity, decreased molecular size of CDOM, and decreased amounts of humic versus fulvic acids in the lake compared to the tributaries, all accepted signatures of photobleaching. Dynamics of a CDOM in the upper waters of the lake depended primarily on composition (e.g., color quality) and secondarily on a quantity metric (DOC), as demonstrated in a 2-component linear least-squares regression format. Signatures of linkages between the terrestrial inputs and in-lake a CDOM patterns and the effects of photobleaching include (1) the preferential in-lake loss of a CDOM relative to DOC, estimated from budget calculations; (2) the intermediate characteristics resolved at a near-shore site adjoining multiple tributary inflows; and (3) the magnitude and character of the dynamics observed at the pelagic sites.
Evaluating psychosocial function in elderly dental patients.

Comprehensive dental care for older adults includes an understanding of, and sensitivity to, the psychosocial changes with age that can influence oral health care, including emotional functioning, anxiety, depression, cognitive functioning, alcohol and substance use, social support, and elder abuse and neglect. A case vignette highlights the contribution of an interdisciplinary psychosocial assessment to the oral health care of elderly patients. Language: en
Laboratory Evaluation of the Coulter® “Three-Part Electronic Differential”

Comparisons were made between "electronic" white blood cell (WBC) differential counts based on nuclear volume, differential counts performed by an automated image analyzer, and conventional manual counts performed by experienced technologists in a routine laboratory setting. The correlation between methods was excellent for lymphocytes (r = 0.9) and granulocytes (r = 0.9), but none of the three methods that were tested produced good results in enumeration of mononuclear cells (r = 0.6). Approximately 85% of the samples on which differentials were requested for an inpatient population could be processed by the electronic counter. Although the electronic counter failed to flag all abnormal samples (there were 6% false negatives), the performance of technologists doing 200 cell differentials was similar. Rapidly generated "electronic differentials" might be a useful and cost-effective adjunct to inpatient hospital practice if certain suggestions were implemented.
Rally the Scattered Believers: Northern New England's Religious Geography

Rally the Scattered Believers: Northern New England's Religious Geography. By Shelby M. Balik. xv and 295 pp., maps, diagr., ill., biblio., index. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University P...
Radical Prostatectomy for Impalpable Prostate Cancer: The Johns Hopkins Experience With Tumors Found on Transurethral Resection (Stages T1a and T1b) and on Needle Biopsy (Stage T1c)

AbstractWe review the pathological findings of impalpable prostate cancer detected by transurethral resection (stages T1a and T1b) and needle biopsy (stage T1c). The short-term (4 years) and long-term (8 to 10 years) natural histories of untreated stage T1a prostate cancer are examined, as are options to follow patients expectantly. The findings on radical prostatectomy for stages T1a and T1b disease are reviewed and compared. Of the 64 cases of stage T1a disease 13 (20%) showed substantial tumor, including 7 with more than 1 cc of tumor, 5 with capsular penetration and 1 with a Gleason grade 4 + 5 = 9 tumor. Based on preoperative pathological parameters, one could not predict which cases had minimal versus substantial tumor. In a study from our institution that undertook complete histological examination of 39 radical prostatectomy specimens of stage T1b carcinoma, we found that all prostates contained residual carcinoma, 26% had capsular penetration and 10% had invasion of the seminal vesicles. When com...
Adjusting weight for body condition score in Angus cows.

Weight, height, and body condition score data supplied by the American Angus Association were used to determine the effect of body condition score on cow weight and to compute condition score adjustment factors. Single records on 11,301 cows for weight and 7,769 cows for height were collected at or near weaning, at which time a subjective condition score (9-point scale) was taken. Limited information on extreme scores 1 and 9 allowed only scores 2 through 8 to be included in the analysis. Cows were grouped into age classes corresponding to 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 to 10, and 11+ yr of age. The mathematical model for a weight record included effects of fixed herd, year-month the record was collected, cow age, body condition score, and a random residual error term. The model for height excluded the condition score effect. Effects of herd, year-month, and cow age were highly significant (P less than .0001) for weight and height. Body condition score was a significant source of variation in weight (P less than .0001) and accounted for 16% of the total variation. Adjustment factors for weight (kilograms) by condition score were +116 (score 2), +91 (score 3), +69 (score 4), +39 (score 5), 0 (score 6), -40 (score 7), and -86 (score 8).
Activation of hormone-sensitive lipase in extracts of adipose tissue.

Rat adipose tissue was homogenized in 0.154 m KCI, and the supernatant fluid, obtained after centrifugation at 15,000 g, was extracted with benzene to remove triglycerides. Most of the lipase activity in the extracted fluid was precipitated with ammonium sulfate between 15 and 40% saturation. The specific activity of the lipase in this fraction was about three times that in the benzene-extracted supernatant fluid. The specific activity of the monoglyceride esterase was increased to a lesser extent. Lipase activity in the benzene-extracted fluid and in the ammonium sulfate fraction was increased 15–45% by incubation with 0.3 m m ATP, 10 m m MgCl2, and 0.03 m m cyclic AMP for 10 min before assay. None of these compounds alone or in combinations of two was as effective as all three together. The specific activity of the 15–40% ammonium sulfate fraction prepared from fat cells exposed to epinephrine and glucagon was greater than that from portions of the same cell pool not exposed to hormones. In addition, the already elevated lipase activity in preparations from hormone-treated cells was not enhanced by incubation with ATP, MgCl2, and cyclic AMP. Thus, it seems probable that the lipase activity in the ammonium sulfate fractions represents, at least in part, hormone-sensitive lipase.
The Middle East economies in times of transition

In 2011, when the organizers of the International Economics Association decided to hold their 2014 World Congress in Jordan, they did not anticipate that the Middle East would be the center of one ...
Overview: Genetics of Cardiac Electrophysiology

Health and well being of children and adults requires normal functioning and interaction between cardiac structure, function and electrical activity. Dysfunction or dysregulation of any of these factors can individually result in significant disease but commonly it is the disruption of integral interactions between these functions that leads to the morbidity and mortality seen with cardiac disease. In this regard, cardiac electrophysiology plays a central role in the severity of disease of any cardiac patient subgroup, whether the abnormality is primary or secondary. Up until relatively recently, the relationship between structural heart disease and cardiac electrical abnormalities were not thought to have common genetic bases. However, modern molecular and clinical genetics has demonstrated some interesting and surprising models of potential disease commonality. From molecular biology, cellular physiology, whole animal integrated physiology, to clinical genetics and medicine, innovative research has allowed for novel hypotheses-driven theories regarding the genetics of cardiac electrophysiology. In this book, a group of experts lead us through some of the up-to-date methods for studying normal and altered cardiac electrophysiology, primary disorders of cardiac conduction and electrophysiology, and many of the most important disorders in which associated rhythm abnormalities occur. In each chapter, integration of clinical and basic science features are detailed and the molecular genetic understanding of each disease at the turn of the new millennium are highlighted.
Asymmetric Underlapped FinFETs for Near- and Super-Threshold Logic at Sub-10nm Technology Nodes

Extending double-gate FinFET scaling to sub-10nm technology regime requires device-engineering techniques for countering the rise of direct source to drain tunneling (DSDT), edge direct tunneling (EDT) and short channel effects (SCE) that degrade FinFET I-V characteristics. Symmetric underlap is effective for eliminating EDT, diminishing DSDT, and lowering the fringe component of gate capacitance. However, excessive symmetric underlap also lowers the on-current, which is mainly due to thermionic emission. In this work, it is demonstrated that at sub-10nm node, asymmetric underlapped FinFETs with slightly longer underlap toward drain side than source side are superior to symmetric underlapped FinFETs due to further improvement in Ion/Ioff and reduction in gate-to-drain capacitance. Using quantum mechanical device simulations, FinFETs with various degrees of underlap have been analyzed for improvement in I-V characteristics. A FinFET model for circuit simulations has been constructed that captures the major sub-10nm leakage components, namely, thermionic emission, DSDT, EDT, direct gate oxide tunneling and its associated components. By simulating a 10-stage NAND circuit and a LEON3 processor with interconnect parasitics using these devices, it is shown that asymmetric underlap instead of symmetric underlap in sub-10nm FinFETs can offer lower energy consumption with improved performance for near-threshold logic and higher energy-efficiency for super-threshold logic operation.
Data discovery, reuse, and integration: the perspectives of natural resources and environmental scientists

This paper presents a user community research of natural resources and environmental scientists on their data discovery, reuse, and integration challenges, and provides recommendations on how academic libraries should improve their data repository systems and curation services.
VU6010608, a Novel mGlu7 NAM from a Series of N-(2-(1H-1,2,4-Triazol-1-yl)-5-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)benzamides

Herein, we report the structure–activity relationships within a series of mGlu7 NAMs based on an N-(2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-5-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)benzamide core with excellent CNS penetration (Kp 1.9–5.8 and Kp,uu 0.4–1.4). Analogues in this series displayed steep SAR. Of these, VU6010608 (11a) emerged with robust efficacy in blocking high frequency stimulated long-term potentiation in electrophysiology studies.
Concussion in Children and Adolescents: Application of Return to Learning Policies, Best Practices, and Special Education Law

The goal of this review article is to examine policies for return to learning (RTL), and how RTL intersects with best practices and special education laws and regulations. Concussion is a well-documented public health concern. Much research has been dedicated to return to play. However, recent focus has been geared towards RTL, as some evidence suggests that cognitive difficulties may linger somewhat longer than physical symptoms. While most concussions resolve quickly, some children are at higher risk for persistent symptoms (usually those with some additional concern such as depression or anxiety). The intersection of concussion and special education law is discussed. Many children and adolescents who suffer from a concussion will have a relatively quick recovery, though there are educational needs even in the first week. Having an RTL plan, and understanding the legal rights of a child, is key to a successful reintegration back into school and cognitive demands.
Thorough work-up and new diagnostic criteria needed for CJD.

The diagnosis of rapidly progressive dementias (RPDs), particularly sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (sCJD), can prove challenging. Treatable RPDs might mimic sCJD, which is currently untreatable. A recent review of a large cohort of patients with suspected CJD highlights the extent of misdiagnosis and possible sources of error.
Recalcitrant Urinary Frequency and Urgency

A 36-yr-old woman presents with a 7-yr history of worsening urgency and frequency. She voids 20 times a day and awakens 5 times at night to void. She says that the force of her stream is normal. Her physical exam is normal. Fluid diary reveals an average volume of 60 cc per void. She has failed the standard anticholinergic treatments.
An Analysis of Physiological and Molecular Aspects of Heat Shock Gene Expression

The following discussion represents a brief summary of some aspects of the heat shock (HS) response, emphasizing observations made using soybean seedlings as the primary experimental system.
Clusters and Cluster Reactions

Atomic clusters [1,2] constitute a new class of matter intermediate between atoms/molecules and solids. Clusters of any elements can be produced by initially vaporizing [3] the target through an intense laser and allowing the plume to cool in a supersonic expansion chamber. In such a process, clusters ranging from 2 to a few thousand atoms can be formed depending on the experimental conditions. Clusters of varying composition can also be formed by vaporizing different target rods and controlling the vapor pressures of the resulting plume. The electronic, optical, magnetic and structural properties of mass isolated clusters as well as reactions of metal clusters with reagent gases depend strongly on cluster size and composition.
Effect of PSA and Gleason score on survival of metastatic prostate cancer.

e17042Background: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is used to monitor prostate cancer and rise in PSA is used as a surrogate marker of disease progression. We did a retrospective analysis of the Nat...
Abstract WMP49: Influenza-Like Illness May Trigger Cervical Artery Dissection

Background and Purpose: Non-traumatic Cervical Artery Dissection (CeAD) is a leading cause of ischemic stroke in patients 15 to 45 years old. Influenza-like illnesses (ILI) have been found to trigg...
Frame your research in the field of HRD and with cultural sensitivity: important considerations for publications in HRDI

The purpose of this editorial is to discuss two important considerations for prospective authors to ponder when submitting their manuscripts to the journal of Human Resource Development Internation...
Incompetent and insane: labor, ability, and citizenship in nineteenth- and early twentieth-century United States

This article uses two examples from US history – competency hearings and asylum labor from Wisconsin in the late nineteenth- and early-twentieth century United States – to examine how ability, labo...
Stabilizing Dining with Failure Locality 1

The dining philosophers problem, or simply dining, is a fundamental distributed resource allocation problem. We propose two algorithms for solving stabilizing dining with failure locality 1 in asynchronous shared-memory systems with regular registers. Since this problem cannot be solved in pure asynchrony, we augment the shared-memory system with failure detectors. Specifically, we introduce the local anonymous eventually perfect failure detector $?\diamondsuit{\mathcal P}^1$ , and show that this failure detector is sufficient to solve the problem at hand.
Psychometric properties of the PROMIS® Fatigue Short Form 7a among adults with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome

To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System® Fatigue Short Form 7a (PROMIS F-SF) among people with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS). Analyses were conducted using data from the Multi-Site Clinical Assessment of ME/CFS study, which recruited participants from seven ME/CFS specialty clinics across the US. Baseline and follow-up data from ME/CFS participants and healthy controls were used. Ceiling/Floor effects, internal consistency reliability, differential item functioning (DIF), known-groups validity, and responsiveness were examined. The final sample comprised 549 ME/CFS participants at baseline, 386 of whom also had follow-up. At baseline, the sample mean of PROMIS F-SF T-score was 68.6 (US general population mean T-score of 50 and standard deviation of 10). The PROMIS F-SF demonstrated good internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s α = 0.84) and minimal floor/ceiling effects. No DIF was detected by age or sex for any item. This instrument also showed good known-groups validity with medium-to-large effect sizes (η2 = 0.08–0.69), with a monotonic increase of the fatigue T-score across ME/CFS participant groups with low, medium, and high functional impairment as measured by three different variables (p < 0.01), and with significantly higher fatigue T-scores among ME/CFS participants than healthy controls (p < 0.0001). Acceptable responsiveness was found with small-to-medium effect sizes (Guyatt’s Responsiveness Statistic = 0.28–0.54). Study findings support the reliability and validity of PROMIS F-SF as a measure of fatigue for ME/CFS and lend support to the drug development tool submission for qualifying this measure to evaluate therapeutic effect in ME/CFS clinical trials.
Drug Induced Autoimmunity Related Neutrophilic Dermatosis by Calcium Channel Blockers

Autoimmunity Related Neutrophilic Dermatoses (ARND) is a recently described entity characterized by urticarial papules and plaques with histology showing a neutrophilic perivascular and interstitial infiltrates with leukocytoclasis, along with variable vacuolar interface dermatitis. We report a 38 year old Caucasian female with a ten year history of lupus who presented with pruritic urticarial papules and plaques on the face, trunk, upper extremities and thighs. The onset occurred 10 days after she started a calcium channel blocker (CCB), diltiazem. Histopathology revealed scattered dyskeratotic keratinocytes, vacuolar interface dermatitis, and a sparse perivascular and interstitial mixed infiltrate of neutrophils within the dermis. There was focal leukocytoclasis, dermal edema, and rare eosinophils. The patient initially improved with prednisone taper, but flared again upon starting a different CCB, verapamil. Exposure to certain medications such as CCB in the setting of autoimmune connective tissue disorder may be the inciting trigger for a neutrophilic dermatoses. Future studies may provide further information on the pathogenesis of ARND and cutaneous drug eruption in the setting of SLE.
The Crystal Structure of Zineb, Seventy-Five Years Later

Ethylene bis(dithiocarbamates) (EBDTCs) have been used as staple fungicides for over 75 years. The first industrially manufactured EBDTC was zineb, zinc ethylene bis(dithiocarbamate), marketed unde...
Clinical Implications for Multi-Racial Individuals

Multi- racial individuals experience distinctive struggles and challenges that can impact their mental health. However, despite the growing population and unique presenting issues there remains a s...