cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Treatment of gonorrhea with spectinomycin hydrochloride: comparison with standard penicillin schedules.

Abstract Spectinomycin hydrochloride, a new parenteral antibiotic prepared from Streptomyces spectabilis, was compared with standard U.S. Public Health Service-recommended dosages of aqueous procaine penicillin G in the treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea in 353 men and 314 women. Of the 314 women, 130 had a pretreatment positive rectal culture. All diagnoses were proven by culture on Thayer-Martin selective medium. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of both drugs were determined. Single doses of 2 and 4 g of spectinomycin were compared with 2.4 million units of procaine penicillin in males and with both 2.4 and 4.8 million units of procaine penicillin in females. Both spectinomycin schedules, 2.4 million units of penicillin in males and 4.8 million units of penicillin in females, resulted in cure rates in excess of 90%. There were no failures at the rectal site only in those women with positive rectal cultures. There was no advantage to using the larger amount of spectinomycin in either sex.
Characterization by atomic force microscopy of fused-silica capillaries chemically modified for capillary electrokinetic chromatography

Fused-silica capillary tubes with 50-μm bores have been chemically modified to yield octadecyl-derivatized surfaces with increased surface area. Alkylation is achieved in three steps: etching, silane adlayering, and olefin hydrosilation. Surface roughness, surface area, surface−tip attractive forces, and topographic images of the native, etched, silane-adlayered, and alkylated capillary bores as measured by atomic force microscopy are presented here. Significant roughening occurs during the etching process, but the most dramatic change in roughness and surface adhesion forces occurs in the hydrided (silane-adlayered) capillary surface. Topographic smoothing and passivation of surface activity are observed for the alkylated capillary surface.
Stenting of stenotic or occluded iliofemoral veins, superior and inferior vena cavae in children with congenital heart disease: acute results and intermediate follow up.

Objectives: To determine the short and intermediate term outcome following systemic venous stent placement in children with congenital heart disease. Background: Patients with congenital heart disease are at risk of stenosis or occlusion of systemic veins following indwelling lines or catheterizations. Stent dilation may ameliorate symptoms and open the vessel for use during future procedures. We report our acute and intermediate results. Methods: All patients with systemic venous stent placement in the iliofemoral veins, inferior or superior vena cava at our institution between 1998 and 2006 were included. Initial and the follow-up catheterization data were reviewed retrospectively. Results: 70 stents were placed in 33 patients (36 vessels). Median age was 2.6 years (0.2–14.2) and weight 11.5 kg (3.8–78.7). 17/36 vessels (47%) were occluded requiring recanalization. Following stent delivery, the mean minimum vessel diameter increased from 3.1 ± 3.2 to 7.2 ± 3.0 mm (P < 0.001). There were no major complications. Seventeen patients and vessels had a total of 62 follow-up catheterizations, with median length of follow-up 4.1 years (0.7–9.3). During intermediate follow up, 7/17 vessels (41%) required additional intervention. Six patients had additional balloon dilation of existing stents, and one additional stent was placed. Vessels were further dilated to 8.4 ± 3.5 mm at the last catheterization. Conclusion: Systemic venous stents are safe and effective in recanalizing stenosed or occluded vessels. At follow-up, reocclusion can occur, however, previously placed stents can be safely recanalized if necessary. Future studies will determine if stenting is indicated in a broader population. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Spin-phonon interaction in paramagnetic crystals

"October 19, 1959"--Cover. "Reprinted from The Physical review, vol.119, no.4, 1204-1217, August 15, 1960."
Acanthosis nigricans in Obese Women with Hyperandrogenism: Characterization of an Insulin-Resistant State Distinct from the Type A and B Syndromes

Acanthosis nigricans and hyperandrogenism are commonly found in patients with extreme target cell resistance to insulin, as in the type A and B syndromes of insulin resistance. However, the significance of concurrent acanthosis nigricans and hyperandrogenism in other clinical settings is not clear. We observed acanthosis nigricans to be present in 5% (15 of 300) of patients being evaluated for hyperandrogenism, and carried out studies of insulin binding and action in a group (7) of these women. Although none were diabetic, all were insulin resistant as assessed by hyperinsulinemia when fasting and after oral glucose administration. All patients were obese (mean IBW, 169%). However, when matched to hyperandrogenized women of similar body weight, patients with acanthosis nigricans were clearly more hyperinsulinemic. Insulin binding to monocytes and red cells was decreased in patients with acanthosis, and the extent of decrease was predicted by the fasting insulin level. There was also marked resistance to exogenous insulin during euglycemic insulin clamp studies in the two patients so tested. Anti-insulin receptor antibodies were not detectable, ruling out the type B syndrome. Unlike the type A syndrome, insulin binding to monocytes of these patients increased after acute (2/2) and chronic (1/1) caloric restriction. In the latter patient, acanthosi nigricans remitted as insulin resistance and the insulin binding defect improved. We conclude that acanthosis nigricans is present in as many as 5% of women with clinically significant hyperandrogenism. These women, although not diabetic, have fairly marked insulin resistance. Despite a number of clinical similarities to patients with the type A and B syndromes, the insulin resistance of these women seems more likely to be a consequence of their obesity, and caloric restriction would appear to be the most appropriate therapy. The basis for apparent interrelationships between insulin, androgens, and acanthosis nigricans in these and other patients is discussed.
Evaluation of ultrasound for identification of abdominal wall myofascial components by novice learners.

Background Minimally invasive components separation (MICS) is believed to decrease wound complications by reducing local tissue damage and eliminating the interruption of blood supply to the overlying skin and soft tissue. One drawback to the MICS technique is the difficulty with identifying the correct location for entry into the anterior abdominal wall. We believe that ultrasound can be used to visually assist identification of the correct surgical entry site (the avascular space between the external and internal abdominal oblique muscles, lateral to the linea semilunaris).
Effects of bile acid depletion and of ursodeoxycholic and chenodeoxycholic acids on biliary protein secretion in the hamster

Abstract The effect of changes of both the rate of secretion and the composition of bile acids on biliary proteins was studied in a bile fistula hamster model. Biliary protein secretion as well as bile flow and bile acid secretion were studied in response to intravenous infusions of low, medium and high doses of ursodeoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid in comparison to the infusion of the normal saline carrier (control) solution. The control-infused animals showed a marked and statistically significant increase in both the concentration and tottal excretion of biliary proteins. All three doses of ursodeoxycholic acid either prevented the increase of protein concentration or led to its decrease. The low and medium doses of chenodeoxycholic acid had similar effects. However, the high dose of this bile acid was cholestatic and increased the biliary protein concentration. The results of the study indicate that decreases in bile acid secretion, as they occur after an interruption of the enterohepatic circulation, may lead to major increases in biliary protein concentration. The study also shows that these changes in protein secretion, which may promote nucleation, are reversed by the cholelitholytic bile acids, ursodeoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid.
Cardiac myocyte-specific transgenic ecSOD targets mitochondria to protect against Ca2+ induced permeability transition

ecSOD function has prototypically been associated with the extracellular space due to its secretion and localization to the extracellular matrix. A myocyte-specific ecSOD transgenic mouse has shown that it can also be localized to the myocyte intracellular compartment and is capable of attenuating ROS formation and increasing NO bioavailability after ischemia reperfusion. Here, the subcellular localization of transgenic ecSOD was further defined by subcellular fractionation, immunofluorescent confocal microscopy, and Western analysis. Its impact on mitochondrial function was assessed by mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT). ecSOD was found to exist in cytosolic and nuclear fractions in addition to membrane. Colocalization of ecSOD with myocardial mitochondria was further demonstrated by confocal microscopy and subcellular fractionation of mitochondria and Western analysis. Isolated ventricular myocytes from cardiac-specific transgenic ecSOD mice were protected from hypoxia reoxygenation injury. Increased ecSOD colocalization to myocardial mitochondria in ecSOD Tg hearts limited MPT in response to Ca2+ challenge. These results demonstrate that ecSOD is not restricted to the extracellular space and can alter MPT response to Ca2+ suggesting mitochondrial localization of ecSOD can affect key mitochondrial functions such as MPT which are integral to cell survival.
Selective Functionalization of Two-Component Magnetic Nanowires

Gold, nickel, and two-segment nickel−gold nanowires have been synthesized by electrodeposition into alumina templates. The nanowires have ∼350-nm diameters and were typically 12−22 μm in length. The nanowires were removed from the templates and were functionalized with organic molecules. Adsorption isotherms were constructed for the binding of 8,13-bis(1-hydroxyethyl)-3,7,12,17-tetramethyl-21H,23H-porphine-2,18-dipropionic acid to nickel nanowires in ethanol solution at 298 K. Adduct formation constants of 9 ± 5 × 106 M-1 and limiting surface coverages of 8 × 10-10 mol/cm2 were abstracted from the isotherms. Surface functionalization conditions were identified where thiols bind selectively to gold and carboxylic acids bind to nickel. Nanowires with free amino or thiol functional groups were reacted with activated dyes to yield amide, thiourea, and thioether covalent linkages that were quantified by fluorescence microscopy. These reactions with two-segment nickel−gold nanowires produced materials that emit...
Interprofessional Education (IPE): Synchronous, Asynchronous, Clinical Practice, Simulation Across Disciplines, Across Universities

A plenary session at the annual meeting of the International Association of Medical Science Educators introduced the challenges and successes experienced with two models of interprofessional education (IPE). Representatives from the Vanderbilt Program in Interprofessional Learning (VPIL) and a five-university IPE consortium, the Southeastern Conference (SEC) for IPE, answered moderated questions from the audience including methods for integrating basic science learning with interprofessional students, in the clinical and digital environment. Online modules for delivering IPE with both asynchronous and synchronous connectivity were introduced. Additional areas of discussion included integration and relevance of IPE integration with basic science, the impact of IPE models on student behavior and career choice, concerns associated with documenting IPE activities for promotion and tenure, and managing difficulties associated with integrating IPE across multiple curricula.
Microwave Investigations of Methyl Fluoride, Fluoroform, and Phosphorus Trifluoride

From measurements on pure rotational transitions in the microwave region the moments of inertia, ${I}_{B}$ in g ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}40}$, have been determined as follows: 32.8544 for ${\mathrm{C}}^{12}$${\mathrm{H}}_{3}$F, 33.7444 for ${\mathrm{C}}^{13}$${\mathrm{H}}_{3}$F, 81.0693 for ${\mathrm{C}}^{12}$H${\mathrm{F}}_{3}$, and 107.286 for ${\mathrm{P}}^{31}$${\mathrm{F}}_{3}$. The molecular dimensions determined are: for C${\mathrm{H}}_{3}$F, ${d}_{\mathrm{CH}}=1.109\mathrm{A}$, ${d}_{\mathrm{CF}}=1.385\mathrm{A}$, and \ensuremath{\angle}HCH = 110\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} 0\ensuremath{'}; for CH${\mathrm{F}}_{3}$, ${d}_{\mathrm{CF}}=1.326\mathrm{A}$, with ${d}_{\mathrm{CH}}=1.111\mathrm{A}$ (assumed) and \ensuremath{\angle}FCF=110\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} (assumed); for P${\mathrm{F}}_{3}$, ${d}_{\mathrm{PF}}=1.546\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.008\mathrm{A}$ with \ensuremath{\angle}FPF = 104\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} (assumed). The line breadth parameters, $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\nu}$, normalized to 1 mm of Hg pressure are for C${\mathrm{H}}_{3}$F 20 mc, for CH${\mathrm{F}}_{3}$ 18 mc, and for P${\mathrm{F}}_{3}$ 16 mc. Confirming evidences for the nuclear spin values, \textonehalf{} for ${\mathrm{P}}^{31}$ and ${\mathrm{F}}^{19}$ have been obtained.
Oxidovanadium Complexes for the Consumption of Alkylating Toxins

Carcinogens found in cooked foods, tobacco smoke, and vehicle exhaust undergo metabolic activation to pernicious alkylating toxins, yield damaged DNA, and promote cancerous growth. Vanadium has been shown to decrease the occurrence of cancers, possibly by intercepting such toxins before DNA damage can occur. According to recent results, nucleophilic oxido salts of vanadium can prevent this DNA alkylation. Although effective at detoxification and preventing DNA damage, vanadate salts equilibrate in solution to multiple coexisting species and can exhibit toxicity. Ligand-enforced coordination geometries may minimize such equilibrations, thereby decreasing toxicity and providing a means to control reactivity. As part of our efforts to detoxify alkylating agents, here we are studying reactions between oxidovanadium complexes and toxins. Alkylating agents such as diethyl sulfate were treated with a series of new oxidovanadium complexes of the salicylidenehydrazide ligand, [VO2(salhyph(R)2)]–. These complexes consumed a collection of alkylating agents and brought about transformation to alcohols. Changing the ligand substituents (R = –OCH3,–CH3, –H, –NO2) yielded a series of compounds with varied degrees of electron density. Kinetic experiments indicated that there may be a correlation between electron density and reactivity with alkylating toxins. The design and reactivity of these compounds indicate that we may be able to exert control over interactions between carcinogens and metal complexes. Such principles may be helpful in developing new compounds for the prevention of cancer. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
MycN promotes TRPM7 expression and cell migration in neuroblastoma through a process that involves polyamines.

Neuroblastoma is an extra-cranial solid cancer in children. MYCN gene amplification is a prognostic indicator of poor outcome in neuroblastoma. Recent studies have shown that the multiple steps involved in cell migration are dependent on the availability of intracellular calcium (Ca2+). Although significant advances have been made in understanding the role of Ca2+ during migration, little has been achieved towards understanding its impact on the progression of diseases such as cancer. Interestingly, previous studies showed that cancer cell migration is regulated by TRPM7, a calcium-permeable ion channel. The objective of the current study was to elucidate the mechanism by which MycN promotes NB cell migration and the mechanism regulating TRPM7 expression. The results showed that MycN increased TRPM7 expression, induced TRPM7 channel activity, increased intracellular Ca2+ signaling, and promoted cell migration in NB cells. The results also showed that inhibition or down-regulation of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) inhibited TRPM7 expression, a process that was reversed by spermidine. Overall, this study provides evidence that MycN promotes TRPM7 expression and cell migration through a mechanism that involves ODC synthesis of polyamines.
Effects of Terrain Heights and Sizes on Island-Scale Circulations and Rainfall for the Island of Hawaii during HaRP

Abstract Islands in Hawaii have different sizes and terrain heights with notable differences in climate and weather. In this study, the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5) land surface model (LSM) is used to conduct numerical simulations for the island of Hawaii with different model terrain heights and sizes during the diurnal cycle for the Hawaiian Rainband Project (HaRP) period. In addition to island blocking and orographic lifting, terrain heights also affect the land surface thermal forcing throughout the diurnal cycle by the variations of orographic clouds during the day and by the variations of the longwave radiation heat loss at night. The simulated rainfall distributions and amounts throughout the diurnal cycle are closely related to rising motions caused by nonlinear interactions among island blocking, orographic lifting, and land surface processes. Besides the terrain/mountain height, island size is another factor that affects rainfall production and distrib...
STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE PERIANTH IN DOWNINGIA BACIGALUPII

A B S T R A C T The structure and ontogeny of the calyx and corolla of Downingia bacigalupii Weiler (Campanulaceae; Lobelioideae) were investigated for the purpose of comparing perianth development with previous observations on the floral bract, as well as elucidating the mechanism of development of the zygomorphic, sympetalous corolla. Sepals are uni-traced with a palmate, reticulate venation. They have basal and apical hydathodes, as well as storage tracheids. Sepals show a reduction in size, venation and hydathode number when compared to the bract. The pentamerous, zygomorphic corolla is bilabiate, consisting of a three-lobed adaxial lip and a two-lobed abaxial lip connected by a short tubular region. The constituent petal lobes are also uni-traced and have a reticulate venation, resembling that of the sepal and bract, but lack storage tracheids and hydathodes. Sepals arise in an adaxial to abaxial succession and are initiated in the outer corpus layer of the floral apex. Expansion of the floral apex follows and is accompanied by the establishment of a second tunica layer. Sepals undergo apical, marginal, and intercalary growth accompanied by acropetal differentiation of procambium. The petals arise simultaneously and are initiated in the second tuniica layer and the outer corpus cells. After initiation, the petals exhibit a period of apical and marginal growth followed by intercalary growth. Apical growth in petals is less protracted than in sepals, but plate meristem activity is more extensive. The free petal lobes become temporarily fused by an interlocking of marginal epidermal layers, but they separate at anthesis. Zonal growth beneath the originally free lobes forms the tube and lip regions of the syinpetalous corolla. Zygomorphy is evident from the time of initiation of petals and is accentuated by later differential growth. Comparative observations of corolla ontogeny in autogamous species of Downingia indicate that the reduced corollas in these taxa are derived by a simple process of neoteny.
Measurements of Depositional Ice Nucleation on Insoluble Substrates at Low Temperatures: Implications for Earth and Mars†

Heterogeneous depositional nucleation of ice particles may dominate in atmospheric regions with very low temperatures, where low vapor pressures and insoluble nuclei would be expected. However, depositional ice nucleation has not been studied extensively at temperatures below 200 K and not at all below 170 K. Here, we show results of a study of heterogeneous depositional nucleation of ice on a solid silicon substrate at temperatures from 150 to 180 K. The results presented herein demonstrate an unexpected temperature dependence in which very high critical supersaturations are required to nucleate ice at T ≤ 180 K. The vapor pressures necessary for nucleation below 175 K are greater than the vapor saturation for supercooled liquid water. The temperature dependence observed is not predicted by classical heterogeneous nucleation theory, when assuming a temperature-independent contact parameter, m. Here, we use our new measurements in combination with previously published data to derive a temperature-dependen...
Aharonov-Bohm effect and plasma oscillations in superconducting tubes and rings

Low-frequency plasma oscillations in superconducting tubes are considered. The emergence of two different dimensionality regimes of plasma oscillations in tubes exhibiting a crossover from one-dimensional to two-dimensional behavior, depending on whether $kR⪡1$ or $kR⪢1$, where $k$ is the plasmon wave vector and $R$ is the radius of the tube, is discussed. The Aharonov-Bohm effect pertaining to plasma oscillations in superconducting tubes and rings, resulting in an oscillatory behavior of the plasmon frequency as a function of the magnetic flux, with a flux quantum period $hc/2e$ (analog of the Little-Parks effect) is studied. The amplitude of the oscillations is proportional to ${(\ensuremath{\xi}/R)}^{2}$, where $\ensuremath{\xi}$ is the superconducting coherence length.
Thermal microscopy and heat generation in electronic devices

This paper reports our progress on the development of thermal microscopy for studying heat generation in electronic devices and interconnects. The resolution of the scanning thermal microscope has been improved from about 500 nm achieved by the first wire thermocouple probes to about 25 nm for the more recent thin-film thermocouple probes. These have been used to measure the temperature distribution and hot spots of single transistors, short circuits in transistors created by electrostatic discharge failures, as well as novel devices such as vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers and magnetoresistive reading heads. Recently, a new technique called scanning Joule expansion microscopy has been developed to measure the temperature distribution of electrically heated samples with about 10 nm spatial resolution. The advantage of this technique is that it does not require fabrication of temperature-sensing probes and can use commercially-available cantilever probes that are employed in atomic force microscopes.
Intracellular trafficking of Pseudomonas ExoS, a type III cytotoxin.

Pseudomonas aeruginosaExoS is a bifunctional type III cytotoxin that disrupts Ras- and Rho-signaling pathways in mammalian cells. A hydrophobic region (residues 51–77, termed the membrane localization domain) targets ExoS to the plasma membrane (PM) and late endosomes of host cells. In the current study, metabolic inhibitors and dominant-negative proteins that disrupt known vesicle-trafficking pathways were used to define the intracellular trafficking of ExoS. Release of ExoS from PM was independent of dynamin and ADP ribosylation factor 6 but inhibited by methyl-β-cyclodextrin, a cholesterol-depleting reagent, and perinuclear localization of ExoS was disrupted by nocodazole. p50 dynamitin, a dynein inhibitor partially disrupted perinuclear localization of ExoS. Methyl-β-cyclodextrin and nocodazole inhibited the ability of type-III-delivered ExoS to ADP-ribosylated Golgi/endoplasmic reticulum-resident Ras. Methyl-β-cyclodextrin also relocated ExoS from the perinuclear region to the PM, indicating that ExoS can cycle through anterograde as well as through retrograde trafficking pathways. These findings show that ExoS endocytosis is cholesterol dependent, and it utilizes host microtubules, for intracellular trafficking. Understanding how type III cytotoxins enter and traffic within mammalian cells may identify new targets for therapeutic intervention of gram-negative bacterial pathogens.
Pre-miRNA loop nucleotides control the distinct activities of mir-181a-1 and mir-181c in early T cell development.

Background Mature miRNAs can often be classified into large families, consisting of members with identical seeds (nucleotides 2 through 7 of the mature miRNAs) and highly homologous approximately 21-nucleotide (nt) mature miRNA sequences. However, it is unclear whether members of a miRNA gene family, which encode identical or nearly identical mature miRNAs, are functionally interchangeable in vivo. Methods and findings We show that mir-181a-1, but not mir-181c, can promote CD4 and CD8 double-positive (DP) T cell development when ectopically expressed in thymic progenitor cells. The distinct activities of mir-181a-1 and mir-181c are largely determined by their unique pre-miRNA loop nucleotides-not by the one-nucleotide difference in their mature miRNA sequences. Moreover, the activity of mir-181a-1 on DP cell development can be quantitatively influenced by nucleotide changes in its pre-miRNA loop region. We find that both the strength and the functional specificity of miRNA genes can be controlled by the pre-miRNA loop nucleotides. Intriguingly, we note that mutations in the pre-miRNA loop regions affect pre-miRNA and mature miRNA processing, but find no consistent correlation between the effects of pre-miRNA loop mutations on the levels of mature miRNAs and the activities of the mir-181a-1/c genes. Conclusions These results demonstrate that pre-miRNA loop nucleotides play a critical role in controlling the activity of miRNA genes and that members of the same miRNA gene families could have evolved to achieve different activities via alterations in their pre-miRNA loop sequences, while maintaining identical or nearly identical mature miRNA sequences.
Computer Simulation of the Attrition Patterns of Particulated and Agglomerated Foods

Attrition processes were simulated using a set of mathematical expressions that describe the bimodal size distribution of the attrited particles and their temporal relationships. It is demonstrated that the dominance of a particle shattering mechanism or surface erosion as well as any of their combinations can be described in terms of the magnitude and ratios of only three empirical parameters, provided the initial conditions and other physical characteristics of the system are known.
Particulate allogeneic bone grafts into maxillary alveolar clefts in humans: A preliminary report

The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of particulate allogeneic bone graft to adequately bridge unilateral maxillary alveolar clefts in humans. Twenty patients with unilateral alveolar clefts and oronasal fistula underwent alveolar cleft grafting with a clinically appropriate amount of particulate allogeneic bone. The grafted cleft area was followed radiographically for three to six months postsurgery. Although it was difficult to quantitate, it was both clinically and radiographically apparent at three months that bone bridging and filling of the cleft had occurred in 100% of the cases. From this study, it appears that allogeneic bone is a viable alternative for repairing alveolar clefts and that its use has a significant benefit to the patient by eliminating the morbidity of a second operative site.
An Examination of Tropical Cyclone Position, Intensity, and Intensity Life Cycle within Atmospheric Reanalysis Datasets

AbstractThe following study examines the position and intensity differences of tropical cyclones (TCs) among the Best-Track and five atmospheric reanalysis datasets to evaluate the degree to which reanalyses are appropriate for studying TCs. While significant differences are found in both reanalysis TC intensity and position, the representation of TC intensity within reanalyses is found to be most problematic owing to its underestimation beyond what can be attributed solely to the coarse grid resolution. Moreover, the mean life cycle of normalized TC intensity within reanalyses reveals an underestimation of both prepeak intensification rates as well as a delay in peak intensity relative to the Best-Track. These discrepancies between Best-Track and reanalysis TC intensity and position can further be described through correlations with such parameters as Best-Track TC age, Best-Track TC intensity, Best-Track TC location, and the extended Best-Track TC size. Specifically, TC position differences within the 4...
Drug courts for DWI offenders? The effectiveness of two hybrid drug courts on DWI offenders

Abstract The effectiveness of drug courts for illegal drug-involved offenders has been well documented (Belenko, 1998, 2001; Wilson, Mitchell, & MacKenzie, 2006), however, few studies had examined whether they work for repeat “driving while intoxicated” (DWI) or “driving under the influence” (DUI) offenders. The current study examined sixty-six offenders who had completed one of two hybrid DUI/drug courts (compared to eighty-six similar parolees) operating in two small cities in a single midwestern state. Results suggested that among non-DUI offenders, completion of the drug court program reduced recidivism, as might be expected; however, among the subsample of chronic DUI offenders no significant recidivism reduction was noted. These results add to the small, but growing literature suggesting that DUI courts (as they are currently being implemented) may not be an effective way to reduce the occurrence of repeat DUI offenses. Suggestions for DUI court implementation and future research are presented.
Phencyclidine/Schizophrenia: One View Toward the Past, The Other to the Future

The history of the chemical synthesis and animal/human pharmacology of phencyclidine is documented. From its early use as a general anesthetic, chemical model of schizophrenia, and drug of abuse, phencyclidine has had a checkered history. Research with this agent and its chemical derivatives like ketamine have provided a solid foundation for just a beginning to understanding the neuropathology of schizophrenia.
Seasonal variability in environmental tobacco smoke exposure in public housing developments

The risk of tobacco smoking and second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure combined are the leading contributors to disease burden in high-income countries. Recent studies and policies are focusing on reducing exposure to SHS in multiunit housing (MUH), especially public housing. We examined seasonal patterns of SHS levels within indoor common areas located on Boston Housing Authority (BHA) properties. We measured weekly integrated and continuous fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and passive airborne nicotine in six buildings of varying building and occupant characteristics in summer 2012 and winter 2013. The average weekly indoor PM2.5 concentration across all six developments was 9.2μg/m3, higher during winter monitoring period (10.3 μg/m3) compared to summer (8.0 μg/m3). Airborne nicotine concentrations ranged from no detection to about 5000 ng/m3 (mean 310.7 ng/m3). Nicotine levels were significantly higher in the winter compared to summer (620.0 vs. 85.0 ng/m3; 95% CI: 71.7 – 998.2). Smoking related exposures within Boston public housing vary by season, building types, and resident smoking policy. Our results represent exposure disparities which may contribute to health disparities in low-income communities, and highlight the potential importance of efforts to mitigate SHS exposures during winter when outdoor-indoor exchange rates are low and smokers may tend to stay indoors. Our findings support the use of smoke-free policy as an effective tool to eliminate SHS exposure, and protect nonsmokers, especially residents of MUH.
Detailed investigations of 5-HT3 compounds in a drug discrimination model.

Abstract Serotonin type-3 (5-HT 3 ) receptors modulate both dopamine (DA) release and locomotor stimulation induced by cocaine, yet appear to be ineffective at blocking its stimulus and reinforcing effects. To more thoroughly characterize a potential modulatory role of 5-HT 3 receptors in the stimulus effects of cocaine, rats ( n = 8/group) were trained to discriminate cocaine (10 mg/kg, IP) or the 5-HT 3 agonist 1-(meta-chlorophenyl)-biguanide (mCPBG: 15 mg/kg, IP) from saline using a standard drug discrimination task. In rats trained to discriminate cocaine, mCPBG (2.5–20 mg/kg) produced, at best, a partial substitution while mCPBG (10 mg/kg) did not alter the cocaine dose-response relationship. The 5-HT 3 antagonists MDL 72222 (10 mg/kg) and ondansetron (1.25-16 mg/kg) did not attenuate the cocaine cue. In rats trained to discriminate mCPBG from saline, the 5-HT precursor l -5-hydroxytryptophan (12.5–50 mg/kg) dose-dependently substituted for mCPBG, whereas the 5-HT 3 antagonist zacopride (0.1–10 mg/kg) partially antagonized the mCPBG cue, demonstrating that mCPBG produces distinct discriminable effects that appear to be mediated by 5-HT, possibly 5-HT 3 , receptors. However, cocaine (5–20 mg/kg) did not substitute in mCPBG-trained rats. Overall, these data support previous findings to suggest that 5-HT 3 receptors play little role in mediating the discriminative stimulus effects of cocaine and suggest that the neurochemical mechanisms and/or sites of action important for the generation of the discriminative stimulus vs. locomotor stimulatory effects of cocaine may be dissociable.
Beta-Defensin 126 on the Cell Surface Protects Sperm from Immunorecognition and Binding of Anti-Sperm Antibodies

Beta-defensin 126 (DEFB126), formerly known as epididymal secretory protein 13.2 (ESP13.2), coats the entire primate sperm surface until completion of capacitation, and it is a candidate for providing immune protection in the female reproductive tract. To further examine the potential role of DEFB126 as a means of protection from immune recognition, cynomolgus macaque sperm were exposed to a number of treatments that are known to alter sperm surface coats, including capacitation. We used a novel in vivo assay to determine immune recognition: aldehyde-fixed whole sperm injections into rabbits. Following booster injections, immunoblot analyses of whole sperm prepared in various manners was conducted. On Days 60 and 80 post-initial immunization, the antisera showed a remarkably strong reaction to a single 34–36 kDa protein, which was shown to be DEFB126. Sera from rabbits that were immunized with sperm washed more rigorously using Percoll gradients showed an increase in the number and intensity of proteins recognized on whole sperm Western blots, although DEFB126 was still the major immune response. When capacitated sperm, from which most DEFB126 had been released, were used as the immunogen, there was a dramatic increase in the immune recognition to a variety of protein bands. Sperm treated with neuraminidase to remove sialic acid on DEFB126 before fixation were shown to still possess DEFB126, but lacked the sialic acid component of the glycoprotein. These sperm were as immunogenic as capacitated sperm even though the desialylated DEFB126 still covered the entire cell surface. These sperm lost their highly negative charge (the isoelectric point of DEFB126 shifted from pI 3.0 to pI 6.4). Experiments using different sperm plasma membrane protein-specific Igs showed that recognition did not occur when DEFB126 was present, but following capacitation these Igs readily recognized the exposed sperm membrane. Our data suggest that DEFB126 protects the entire primate sperm surface from immune recognition and that the sialic acid moieties are responsible for the cloaking characteristic of this unique glycoprotein.
On the Gesta municipalia and the Public Validation of Documents in Frankish Europe

The disappearance of the late-Roman gesta municipalia, or municipal document registers, is one of the milestones along the road in Europe that leads from late antiquity to the early Middle Ages. While they survived, these registers apparently served two constituencies. The late-Roman state used the gesta municipalia to keep track of tax obligations as property changed hands. Citizens for their part validated and secured legal transactions by having the documents generated by their transactions ratified by the civic authorities and copied into the gesta.
MICROTUBULAR PATTERNS IN SPERMATOZOA OF COCCID INSECTS IN RELATION TO BENDING

Flagella-like motion occurs in filamentous spermatozoa of coccid insects, which have diameters (0.16–0.65 µ) and lengths (150–300 µ) similar to those of long flagella, but have no doublets or 9 + 2-like arrangements of microtubules. Light and electron microscope investigations of spermatozoa from 10 species reveal many bizarre patterns of microtubules and suggest some basic similarities to flagella. Detailed analyses of spermatozoa which are naturally bent in definable planes during their elongation in the male and their storage in the female provide evidence that a constant topographical relationship is maintained between their unorthodox patterns of microtubules, as viewed in transections, and the direction of bending. The configuration common to most coccid spermatozoa consists of an acentrically positioned crescent of microtubules surrounded by one to several concentric rings. A line drawn to connect the two ends of the crescent appears to remain perpendicular to the plane of bending, and it defines a plane in which bisection of the spermatozoon produces halves with unequal numbers of microtubules. Bisection of the 9 + 2 motile apparatus in a plane perpendicular to that of bending also appears to produce halves with unequal numbers of microtubules. Therefore, the indispensable elements for flagellar and flagella-like motion may be microtubules arranged in "asymmetric" patterns.
The bioaccumulation of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons by benthic invertebrates in an intertidal marsh

Biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAF; concentration in organism lipid/concentration in sediment on an organic carbon basis) of polyaromatic hydrocarbons varied with season and along an intertidal gradient in a coastal marsh in San Francisco Bay. The BSAFs were lowest during the local rainy season. During the dry season, BSAFs were lowest in the high intertidal zone closest to shore. Significant differences among species groups were also observed; BSAFs were lowest in polychaetes and highest in the asian clam (Potamocorbula amurensis), varying over almost three orders of magnitude (0.0069-5.4 g sediment organic C/g lipid). The BSAFs decreased with increasing percent fines in the sediments and with PAH concentrations on an organic carbon basis. We suggest that a determining variable is the content of highly aromatic soot particles, which increases during periods of surface runoff and which is expected in the dry season to be highest in the high intertidal zone where these finer particles preferentially accumulate. Correlations of BSAFs with the ratio of the logarithm of the activity coefficients in porewaters to those in sediments were generally stronger than with log Kow, indicating a limitation of octanol as a surrogate for sediment organic carbon or organism lipid. These observations qualify but also strengthen the concept of equilibrium partitioning as the determining factor in bioaccumulation by benthic organisms of nonpolar organic compounds from sediments; the assumption that “organic carbon” can be considered in generic terms without allowance for aromaticity and probably other factors as well, must, however, be reconsidered.
Expected Significance Level as a Sensitivity Index for Test Statistics

Abstract After a brief motivating discussion, of approaches to significance tests in Section 1, the concept of expected significance level (esl) is defined and its basic properties are presented in Section 2. Section 3 discusses the relationship between esl and the familiar criterion of power. While a complete description of power for each size α is more informative than esl, it is argued that esl is often a reasonable compromise between high ideals and practicability. Section 4 gives two estimation methods for Monte Carlo simulation of esl and shows how to estimate variances and covariances for the second of these methods. The first method leads to the familiar Wilcoxon two-sample statistic which is clearly a sample analogue of esl. The second and more apposite method leads to a modification of the Wilcoxon statistic.
Evaluation in an inpatient setting of DTREE, a computer-assisted diagnostic assessment procedure.

Abstract This study examined the procedural validity of DTREE, a microcomputer-based expert system that guides the user through the diagnostic logic of DSM-III-R. A DTREE-guided DSM-III-R diagnosis of 20 inpatients (made by the treating clinician) was compared with a “standard” diagnosis made simultaneously during a weekly 2-hour case conference consisting of a presentation by the treating clinician and other staff, a chart summary, and the administration of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID), and culminating in a group consensus diagnosis. The kappa agreements were .80 for schizophrenia (N = 10), .83 for major depression (N = 3), and −.08 to 1.00 for other disorders. These results suggest that DTREE can produce valid assessments, at least in an acute setting of primarily patients with schizophrenia.
Chemical and Physical Observations in Golfo, Dulce, AN Anoxic Basin on the Pacific Coast of Costa RICA1

Golfo Duke is an embayment containing small concentrations of hydrogen sulfide near the bottom due to sulfate reduction. The processes of denitrification, nitrate reduction, and organic decomposition are also evident. Hydrographic data t,&en 8 days apart indicated an influx of ocean water into the basin. It appears from past observations in the eastern tropical Pacific that the basin erratically receives ocean water during winter and spring.
Analysis of switch failures in a self-structuring antenna system

This letter considers the effects of switch failures on the performance of a self-structuring antenna (SSA) using measured standing-wave ratio (SWR) as the performance criterion. Degradation of SSA performance is categorized as minimal, intermediate, or large, depending on the amount of change in the ratio of good states to available states upon failure of a switch. A large degradation occurs when switches near the antenna feed, which control small sections of the template, fail. Degradation is much smaller when switches away from the feed fail. These results will be useful in designing more robust SSA templates through switch redundancy near the feed.
COMMERCIAL DIVING OPERATIONS IN CONSTRUCTION

This paper classifies diving modes available for civil construction: (1) scuba; (2) surface-supplied air with no decompression; (3) surface-supplied air with decompression; (4) surface-supplied gas; and (5) saturation. It then discusses the characteristics of each mode, moving from the most limited, scuba, to the most unlimited, saturation. It also provides some details of diving work services.
Fluorescent oxidation products and risk of coronary heart disease: a prospective study in women.

Background Oxidative stress is implicated in the etiology of coronary heart disease (CHD). New measures to capture oxidative stress are warranted. Fluorescent oxidation products (FlOPs) can be measured in plasma and have been shown to reflect levels of oxidative stress and to predict risk of CHD in men over 6 years of follow-up. The objective of this study is to determine whether measures of FlOPs are associated with risk of CHD in women over an extended follow-up period. Methods and Results We measured FlOP by spectrofluorometer in a nested case–control study within the Nurses' Health Study, with baseline blood collection in 1990 and follow-up of 397 incident CHD cases through 2004 matched 1:2 with controls. Level of FlOPs was independently associated with CHD. The relative risk across extreme quintiles was 1.64 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06 to 2.53) when adjusted for lifestyle factors, lipids and C-reactive protein ( P trend across quintiles=0.01). A slightly stronger association was observed when analyses were restricted to women fasting >8 hours at blood draw (RR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.16 to 3.15). In exploratory time to event analyses, high levels of FlOPs measured ≥5 years before the CHD event, but not closer to the CHD event, were associated with the risk of CHD. Conclusions Higher levels of FlOPs were associated with the risk of CHD in women. The association appeared strongest for long-term prediction of CHD events.
Nanoporous silicon networks as anodes for lithium ion batteries

Nanoporous silicon (Si) networks with controllable porosity and thickness are fabricated by a simple and scalable electrochemical process, and then released from Si wafers and transferred to flexible and conductive substrates. These nanoporous Si networks serve as high performance Li-ion battery electrodes, with an initial discharge capacity of 2570 mA h g−1, above 1000 mA h g−1 after 200 cycles without any electrolyte additives.
Aeromagnetic Reconnaissance of Cook Inlet Area, Alaska: ABSTRACT

Fourteen aeromagnetic profiles were flown east-west across the Cook Inlet area in 1954, nine extending from about the Triumvirate and Capps glaciers to the Chugach Mountains, and five from End_Page 219------------------------------ the Iniskin-Chinitna Peninsula to the Kenai Peninsula. These profiles show several magnetic features that seem to have geologic significance. The over-all arched character of the profiles suggests a block-shaped rock mass underlying Cook inlet at great depth. A 1,600-gamma anomaly was observed over Mt. Susitna, a granitic intrusion. A two-dimensional anomaly observed over Knik Arm may reasonably be attributed to a zone of buried granitic intrusive rocks continuous with the intrusive cropping out at Eklutna. This intrusive, or zones of intrusives, appears to deepen southward, reaching estimated depths of 5,000-6,000 feet at the lower end of Knik Arm. Anomalies observed over the Susitna flats indicate that the magnetic basement is buried 12,000-14,000 feet. An abrupt magnetic rise of 300-400 gammas observed over the coast line of the Iniskin-Chinitna Peninsula is caused by a significant change in rock type, suggesting the possible existence of a fault with a vertical displacement of several thousand feet. East of this area, no near-surface anomaly-producing rock masses are present. It is likely that here the depth to magnetic basement is very great. End_of_Article - Last_Page 220------------
Constrictive pericarditis following acute coxsackie viral pericarditis

Abstract During a twelve-month period, a case of viral pericarditis was observed to progress to constrictive pericarditis. Virology studies disclosed rising titer of Coxsackie B-3 virus antibody. Consideration is given to the current methods of virus identification, and the various surgical techniques used to relieve cardiac constriction are discussed. A review of recent reports of large series of pericarditis cases is included.