cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The frequency and accuracy of replication past a thymine-thymine cyclobutane dimer are very different in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli.

Abstract We have compared the mutagenic properties of a T-T cyclobutane dimer in baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with those in Escherichia coli by transforming each of these species with the same single-stranded shuttle vector carrying either the cis-syn or the trans-syn isomer of this UV photoproduct at a unique site. The mutagenic properties investigated were the frequency of replicational bypass of the photoproduct, the error rate of bypass, and the mutation spectrum. In SOS-induced E. coli, the cis-syn dimer was bypassed in approximately 16% of the vector molecules, and 7.6% of the bypass products had targeted mutations. In S. cerevisiae, however, bypass occurred in about 80% of these molecules, and the bypass was at least 19-fold more accurate (approximately 0.4% targeted mutations). Each of these yeast mutations was a single unique event, and none were like those in E. coli, suggesting that in fact the difference in error rate is much greater. Bypass of the trans-syn dimer occurred in about 17% of the vector molecules in both species, but with this isomer the error rate was higher in S. cerevisiae (21 to 36% targeted mutations) than in E. coli (13%). However, the spectra of mutations induced by the latter photoproduct were virtually identical in the two organisms. We conclude that bypass and error frequencies are determined both by the structure of the photoproduct-containing template and by the particular replication proteins concerned but that the types of mutations induced depend predominantly on the structure of the template. Unlike E. coli, bypass in S. cerevisiae did not require UV-induced functions.
A plasmid-encoded prepilin peptidase gene from enteropathogenic Escherichia coli.

Abstract Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, a leading agent of infantile diarrhea worldwide, adheres to tissue culture cells in a pattern called "localized adherence." Localized adherence is associated with bundle-forming pili encoded by the plasmid bfpA gene, the product of which is homologous with the major structural subunit proteins of type IV fimbriae in other bacteria. Several of these proteins have been shown to be processed from a precursor by a specific prepilin peptidase. We cloned restriction fragments downstream of the bfpA gene into an E. coli-Pseudomonas aeruginosa shuttle vector and mobilized them into a P. aeruginosa prepilin peptidase (pilD) mutant. A plasmid containing a 1.3-kb PstI-BamHI fragment was able to complement the pilD mutation, as demonstrated by restoration of sensitivity to the pilus-specific bacteriophage PO4. The DNA sequence of this fragment revealed an open reading frame, designated bfpP, the predicted product of which is homologous to other prepilin peptidases, including TcpJ of Vibrio cholerae (30% identical amino acids), PulO of Klebsiella oxytoca (29%), and PilD of P. aeruginosa (28%). A bfpA::TnphoA mutant complemented with a bfpA-containing DNA fragment only partially processes the BfpA protein. When complemented with a larger fragment containing bfpP as well as bfpA, the mutant expresses the fully processed BfpA protein. P. aeruginosa PAK, but not a pilD mutant of PAK, expresses mature BfpA protein when the bfpA gene is mobilized into this strain. Thus, as in other type IV fimbria systems, enteropathogenic E. coli utilizes a specific prepilin peptidase to process the major subunit of the bundle-forming pilus. This prepilin petidase contains sequence and reciprocal functional homologies with the PilD protein of P. aeruginosa.
Chapter 56 The measurement and analysis of pain symptoms.

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews that the measurement of pain depends on the subjective report of the person experiencing it, communicated through descriptions or behavior. Pain measurement scales are often interpreted in different ways by different researchers and clinicians, depending on the criteria they choose to apply. The chapter discusses that for pain therapeutic trials, improvement in pain intensity will most likely be the primary outcome. Some measure of the effect the pain is having on the other important aspects of life will be an important secondary outcome, measured on a pain interference scale, a quality of life scale, or separate scales for each of the individual components of either of these constructs. It reviews that the clinician and researcher should be confident that there are a number of excellent, reliable, well validated, and responsive pain measures that can be used. The chapter concludes that it is appropriate to measure pain as accurately as possible and on multiple dimensions, but then it is the job of the healthcare provider and pain researcher to interpret the clinical or scientific importance of the response and act accordingly.
Fuzzy logic-based PID autotuner design using simulated annealing

A method to automatically design a fuzzy logic autotuner (FLA) for PID regulators is described. The autotuner evaluates a fuzzy logic rule base obtained by application of simulated annealing (SA) optimization procedures to a set of chosen initial controllers for a system. Both autotuner and the SA procedures optimize an objective function defined by a set of system performance criteria. The autotuner is evaluated by tuning different initial controllers. A discussion of the merits and potential problems of using the design-by-example approach is included. >
Kansas in the Great Depression: Work Relief the Dole, and Rehabilitation

Review of: "Kansas in the Great Depression: Work Relief, the Dole, and Rehabilitation," by Peter Fearon.
Stochastic Field Equation for Amorphous Surface Growth

A minimal stochastic field equation aimed at modeling the amorphous surface growth generated by physical vapor deposition is derived, analyzed, and related to the underlying microscopic mechanisms.
ON THE PRESENCE OF SHOCKS IN DOMAIN OPTIMIZATION OF EULER FLOWS

In this paper we consider a shape optimization problem for a 1-D Euler flow. We show that for problems with shocks, the use of high order CFD schemes can produce artificial local minima in the approximate cost functional. These local minima can cause optimization algorithms to fail. We illustrate this phenomenon, show how hybrid algorithms may be constructed to overcome this problem and speculate on potential difficulties that may occur in more complex situations.
Mixed infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum in a murine lesion model: potential synergistic effects on virulence

These studies determined the characteristics of tissue destruction in a murine abscess model elicited by mixed infection with the periodontopathogens Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis. The interbacterial effects of this synergism, the kinetics of the relationship of the bacterial interaction, and the characteristics of the bacteria required for the tissue destruction were studied. Infection of mice with P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum strains elicited lesions of various sizes as a function of infective dose. Primary infection with F. nucleatum plus P. gingivalis at various ratios (i.e., or = 1:1, spreading lesion formation and progression were significantly (P < 0.001) decreased, suggesting that bacterial interaction (i.e., coaggregation) may have inhibited the spread of the P. gingivalis infection to a site distant from the initial injection. Infection with F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis simultaneously (at different sites) or F. nucleatum administered within 4 h prior to or 1 h following P. gingivalis infection significantly enhanced the ability of P. gingivalis to form large phlegmonous lesions. Chemical inhibition of the P. gingivalis trypsin-like protease activity or the use of a trypsin-negative P. gingivalis strain abrogated tissue destruction either alone or in combination with F. nucleatum. Therefore, it was possible to examine aspects of virulence of these pathogens in a murine lesion model by either altering bacterial ratios, manipulating the time of infection, or targeting vital bacterial virulence factors.
Use of particle swarm optimization for machinery fault detection

A study is presented on the application of particle swarm optimization (PSO) combined with other computational intelligence (CI) techniques for bearing fault detection in machines. The performance of two CI based classifiers, namely, artificial neural networks (ANNs) and support vector machines (SVMs) are compared. The time domain vibration signals of a rotating machine with normal and defective bearings are processed for feature extraction. The extracted features from original and preprocessed signals are used as inputs to the classifiers for detection of machine condition. The classifier parameters, e.g., the number of nodes in the hidden layer for ANNs and the kernel parameters for SVMs are selected along with input features using PSO algorithms. The classifiers are trained with a subset of the experimental data for known machine conditions and are tested using the remaining set of data. The procedure is illustrated using the experimental vibration data of a rotating machine. The roles of the number of features, PSO parameters and CI classifiers on the detection success are investigated. Results are compared with other techniques such as genetic algorithm (GA) and principal component analysis (PCA). The PSO based approach gave a test classification success rate of 98.6-100% which were comparable with GA and much better than with PCA. The results show the effectiveness of the selected features and the classifiers in the detection of the machine condition.
A new method of measuring ultra-short coherent light pulses

A new method of pulse width measurement based on the total energy response of an etalon is presented. The theory is developed and results for several pulse shapes are given. The method is unique because no fast response detector is required and there are practically no spectral region limitations.
The influence of the manufacturing strategy on the production of molds and dies

Abstract The manufacturing of molds and dies has become more prominent as the world economy advances toward reduced lots, larger diversity of products and more importantly, reduced time for launching new products. Such requirements increased the application of new technologies – on one side looking to improve the digital integration of the process chain CAD/CAM/CNC and on the other side the introduction of the HSC technology in this process chain. However, the introduction of these technologies requires also the gathering of the necessary know-how related to the whole process, for example the application of appropriate cutting strategies, which have a direct effect on the geometrical precision, surface roughness and surface texture of the final part. This paper presents a experimental work about the relation between cutting strategies and the machining time and surface quality of the part. For that was developed a test model representing surfaces found in mold and dies; the material of the part was P20, a typical material for this application. Cutting strategies like Follow Periphery, Follow Part, Parallel Lines and Zig-Zag, were applied in the NC machining of test model and the results considering time and surface quality were compared.
Automated dialogue generation

Under the supervision of Michael Mateas, I am currently pursuing research in dialogue generation -- that is, a computer creating believable, interesting conversation. While most current natural language generation systems are focused on syntax (the rules of how to combine words into phrases and sentences), we are interested in the problem of combining sentences to form coherent conversations. We believe that automatically generating dialogue will make creating conversation easier as it will decrease the amount of writing necessary, while expanding the number of potential dialogues.
Characterization of F21.A, a monoclonal antibody that recognize a leucocyte surface antigen for killer whale homologue to β-2 integrin

The specificity of F21.A, a monoclonal antibody raised against bottlenose dolphin leucocytes, was characterized in killer whale on the basis of immunoprecipitation of a protein of 94 kDa, as well as flow cytometric analysis. While minimally expressed on resting cells, F21.A labeled a homologue to beta-2 integrin in 89-97% of PMA-activated neutrophils, 53-66% of activated monocytes, and activated B cells but not T cells. Activation of neutrophils reached its maximum 10 min after PMA stimulation. F21.A did not label intracellular stores as did both cross-reacting anti-canine CD11b and CD18, suggesting that an activation-induced conformational change would expose a neoepitope recognized by F21.A. F21.A labeling was largely inhibited by pre-incubation with plasma, suggesting a binding site closely related to that for fibrinogen. In vitro phagocytosis and respiratory burst were almost fully inhibited upon pre-incubation with F21.A, demonstrating its functional importance. This antibody is foreseen as a possible valuable diagnostic and research tool in cetacean immunology.
Mirrored discourse in Alison Bechdel’s Fun Home

In their introduction to Modern Fiction Studies’ 2006 special issue on graphic narratives, Hillary Chute and Marianne DeKoven direct attention to the unique powers of the genre’s layered language of text and image, calling these narratives works that are ‘in their very structure and grammar, cross-discursive’ (768). In graphic narrative, they state, the rhetorical capacities of word and image, often perceived as binary, enter into dialogue. Alison Bechdel uses this cross-discursiveness in a candid, effective and affective representation of the formative experiences captured in Fun Home. To date, however, what has been left out of the conversation on Bechdel’s work is how the affective nature of her complex relationship with her father – the anger, guilt and shame Bechdel confronts, which both create and inhibit her self-realization – so well mirrors the historical context in which this relationship occurs. I submit that by framing the narrative of her father’s and her own discovery of sexual identity as b...
Consumer politeness and complaining behavior

Purpose – Aims to examine consumer politeness, an interaction style that may prevent a dissatisfied customer from complaining about a negative service encounter, and seeks to determine the relationship between politeness and the propensity to engage in various types of complaining behavior.Design/methodology/approach – Two surveys served to develop and validate a scale for measuring politeness and tested the relationship between consumer politeness and complaining behavior. The specific items for the politeness scale were developed based on the distinction between negative and positive politeness as described by politeness theory.Findings – The results suggest an inverse relationship between politeness and complaining behavior. The studies also find that polite and impolite consumers do not necessarily engage in the same types of complaining behavior.Research limitations/implications – In future studies, researchers may consider examining the conditions under which polite consumers do and do not voice com...
Synergistic transcription activation by Maf and Sox and their subnuclear localization are disrupted by a mutation in Maf that causes cataract.

Crystallin genes are selectively expressed during lens development. Maf and Sox family proteins synergistically enhanced γF-crystallin promoter activity in a lens cell line. Mutational analysis of the γF-crystallin promoter identified a composite regulatory element containing nonconsensus Maf and Sox recognition sequences. Mutations in these recognition sequences or changes in their spacing eliminated synergistic transcription activation. The transcriptional synergy was also affected by changes in the orientation of the Maf recognition sequence that had no detectable effect on binding affinity. The interaction between Maf and Sox proteins was visualized in living cells by bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis. The N-terminal region of Maf mediated the interaction with Sox proteins in cells. Synergistic transcription activation required the N-terminal region of Maf as well as the ancillary DNA binding domain and the unique portion of the basic region that mediate specific recognition of the γF-crystallin promoter element. A mutation in the ancillary DNA binding domain of Maf (R288P) that has been shown to cause cataract eliminated the transcriptional activity of Maf but had no detectable effect on DNA binding in vitro. Whereas wild-type Maf was uniformly distributed in the nucleoplasm, R288P Maf was enriched in nuclear foci. Cajal bodies and gemini of coiled bodies were closely associated with the foci occupied by R288P Maf. Wild-type Maf formed complexes with Sox proteins in the nucleoplasm, whereas R288P Maf recruited Sox proteins as well as other interaction partners to the nuclear foci. The mislocalization of normal cellular proteins to these foci provides a potential explanation for the dominant disease phenotype of the R288P mutation in Maf.
X-ray inhibition of urethan-stimulated proliferation of lung cells of the mouse as estimated by incorporation of tritiated thymidine.

X-Ray Inhibition of Urethan-Stimulated Proliferation of Lung Cells of the Mouse as Estimated by Incorporation of Tritiated Thymidine
Disassembly analysis through time estimation and other metrics

Abstract This paper examines the problem of assessing product ease of disassembly for recycling in light of the broader issue of manufacturability evaluation. The disassembly time estimation method outlined here is shown to provide one of several needed metrics for use during product design. Moreover, the ability to estimate process time provides the foundation upon which other metrics can be developed. The evaluation based on disassembly time is demonstrated on an electric drill example, and the difficulties associated with generating other disassemblability metrics are discussed.
Simple apparatus for producing auditory illusions

Description d'un appareil permettant la creation d'illusion auditive interface a un commodore 64
Ultrastructure of a coronary chemoreceptor of dogs and cats.

Abstract Ultrastructure of a coronary chemoreceptor which causes a hypertensive reflex was examined in three normal dogs and three normal cats. The tissue is a periarterial glomoid body composed of highly vascular, grape-like clusters regularly located in the immediate vicinity of the left main coronary artery, from which it receives its blood supply. Its general histological organization resembles that of the carotid body. Morphometric analysis indicates that chief cells were about twice as numerous as sustentacular cells. The chief cells contain abundant osmiophilic dense granules and are surrounded by the processes of sustentacular cells. These dense granules resemble those of the carotid body and adrenal medulla, suggesting that they also may be involved in the production and storage of amines. Abundant nerve endings and formed synapses are associated with the chief cells. Numerous sympathetic and parasympathetic efferent nerve endings had characteristic presynaptic junctions to chief cells. In contrast the sensory afferents packed with mitochondria but with few synaptic vesicles had characteristic postsynaptic junctions to the chief cells. These findings suggest that the chief cells not only stores amines but also serves as a sensory or chemoreceptive site.
Marked Resistance of Normal Subjects to Tube-Feeding-Induced Diarrhea: The Role of Magnesium H. E. KANDIL, F. H. OPER, B. R. SWITZER, ET AL American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 57:73–80, 1993

Because it is often assumed that feeding formulas are responsible for the diarrhea that commonly occurs in tube-fed patients, the authors of this report sought to test the tolerance in normal subjects of a commonly used enteral feeding formula. They reasoned that if normal persons can tolerate substantial volumes of feeding without diarrhea, it may be patient-specific factors and not the formulas themselves that cause diarrhea in sick persons. After five healthy male volunteers had undergone a 72-hour acclimation to oral Ensure Plus (Ross Laboratories, Columbus, OH), the investigators administered Osmolite HN (Ross Laboratories) by continuous duodenal infusion, at progressively increasing infusion rates, until the subjects could no longer tolerate it.The subjects were able to tolerate maximum infusion rates of between 198 and 340 mL/h (5000 to 8650 kcal/ d). In two subjects, the infusion was stopped for symptoms other than diarrhea (abdominal distention, bloating, heartburn, and headache in one, and abdom...
CHATTAWAYA (STERCULIACEAE): A NEW GENUS OF WOOD FROM THE EOCENE OF OREGON AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR XYLEM EVOLUTION OF THE EXTANT GENUS PTEROSPERMUM

A new sterculiaceous wood, Chattawaya paliformis gen. et sp. n., was collected from a Middle Eocene locality in the type area of the Clarno Formation of north central Oregon. The wood differs from all known extant woods in having very large and irregularly shaped tile cells. However, other features of the xylem indicate a close natural relationship between Chattawaya and the extant paleotropical genus, Pterospermum. It is suggested that the xylem organization of the Eocene fossil represents a more primitive condition than that observed in Pterospermum. Comparative xylotomy indicates three evolutionary trends within the complex to which Chattawaya and Pterospermum belong: development of storied structure, increased uniformity in shape and size of tile cells and loss of multiseriate rays. Chattawaya is part of a growing body of paleobotanical evidence indicating that the Sterculiaceae was well differentiated by the early Tertiary, but that the lineages leading to extant genera have undergone an appreciable amount of evolutionary change since the Eocene. STRUCTURALLY preserved fossils from the Eocene provide a particularly useful vantage point in time from which to examine levels of angiosperm evolution. By the early Tertiary,
Ultrastructure of the anterior neurosensory organs of the larvae of the soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines

The anterior neurosensory organs of the larvae of the soybean cyst nematode consist of two amphidial receptors, six inner and four outer labial receptors, four cephalic receptors, and two types of accessory receptors. Each receptor has a characteristic number and arrangement of cilia. Seven cilia are present in the canals of each amphidial receptor, two in each inner labial receptor, and a single cilium in each of the outer labial and cephalic receptors. The ciliary portion of the two types of accessory receptors are located laterointernal and lateroexternal to the amphidial canal. The cilia of the inner accessory receptors have their basal regions just below the cephalic framework, whereas, the basal regions of the cilia of the outer accessory receptors merge with the basal regions of the amphidial canal cilia. Some of the outer accessory receptor cilia branch as they ascend toward the cephalic framework. Both types of accessory receptors form swollen ciliary terminals that extend into the various sectors of the cephalic framework. The intermembrane spaces of the inner accessory receptors are electron lucent while spaces formed by the cilia in the outer accessory and other receptors are filled with electron-dense deposits. Ventral and posterior to the axons supporting the amphidial canal cilia is a microvillar nerve process that extends into the amphidial sheath cell. Each nerve process axon terminates in a pair of stout cilia. The membrane of the axon that gives rise to these cilia evaginates to form numerous microvilli that characterize this nerve process. Physical locations and functional roles of these receptors are discussed.
Optical perceptron learning for binary classification with spatial light rebroadcasters

Binary classification of an object in a two-dimensional image is considered. A spatial light rebroadcaster is shown to be advantageous for learning in this case because it can store the weights and permit upward and downward adjustments. Two learning algorithms, based on the perceptron, are considered. A modification of the perceptron algorithm is developed so that only positive weights are needed. This is convenient because light intensity is positive only. The modified algorithm is shown to converge in a finite number of steps for positive linear separable classes. Optical experiments show the classification of four characters in two groups, in which alternative groupings are used to show robustness. In the second group of experiments the complements of the two-dimensional characters are used, and the convergence is equally fast. Adding the results from the original and complementary patterns provides a discrimination superior to that obtained using either on its own.
Postmodernism, feminism, and the body: The visible and the invisible in consumer research

Abstract The academic discourse on consumer behavior has paid no attention to the body as a site of cultural representation and social power, despite its generous exploitation in the world of marketing practice. This paper explores the relationship between postmodernism and feminism in the context of consumer behavior and restores body to its rightful position in our discourse. Postmodernism and feminism challenge the fundamental tenets of Enlightenment philosophy based on rationality and dualist assumptions - subject/object, culture/ nature, rational/irrational, and mind/body. Feminism goes further than postmodernism: It argues that not only are the first terms in each of these dichotomies more privileged but that they are gendered as well. This paper examines the process of production and consumption of gender through body rituals. The mutuality of the two spheres is central to our understanding of both production and consumption processes. Postmodern feminism allows us to deconstruct the various levels at which cultural mediation of the body occurs and allows women to re-make their bodies and call various marketing practices into question.
Dynamic modeling and simulation of a DMFC/UC based hybrid vehicular system

Fuel cell (FC) technology has proven to be a viable solution for vehicular applications. The most widely used FC for vehicular application is Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). However, limitations of PEMFC such as need of reformer and hydrogen storage concerns have demanded a search for better options. Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC) has shown remarkable promise to overcome these limitations because it does not require a reformer and has no storage issues reported till date. A standalone FC system may not be sufficient to satisfy the overall load demands of a vehicle, especially during cold start, peak power demand and transient events. Furthermore, FC is a unidirectional power unit and it cannot operate in the reverse direction. An ultra-capacitor (UC) bank has high power density and can supply large bursts of power for short durations. By integrating the FC and UC in parallel, both steady state and peak power demands can be satisfied resulting in better efficiency and reduced system cost. This paper proposes a dynamic model of DMFC/UC hybrid vehicular power system. Test results obtained using the MATLAB®, Simulink and SimPowerSystems® software packages are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Maximal Elements Under the Three Partial Orders

Maximal matrices within a given class of matrices are characterized for the star order, the minus order, and the Loewner partial order.
"The sea fryseth not": science and the open polar sea in the nineteenth century

While generally dismissed by historians as a romantic fantasy, the theory of an open polar sea fit into the context of a more unified view of the natural world developed in the early nineteenth century and exemplified by romantic philosophical ideas. Oersted's discovery of electromagnetism encouraged research into the possible connections between electricity, magnetism, heat and light. At the same time, there was renewed interest in geomagnetism inspired by Hansteen's revival of the four-pole theory of the Earth's magnetic field. Incorporating these works into a new theory of climate created a space for an ice-free Arctic by allowing a milder climate in the high latitudes. This attempt to fuse the study of meteorology and geomagnetism reinforced existing beliefs in an open polar sea and placed this sailor's dream into a holistic worldview that joined different natural phenomena in an effort to find one unifying principle behind all of nature.
Antiproliferative and Antiproteolytic activity of Pentoxifylline in cultures of B16F10 Melanoma cells

Purpose: Pentoxifylline (PTX), a methyl xanthine derivative is widely used as a haemorheological agent in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease. In the present study, we investigated the in vitro effects of PTX on B16F10 melanoma cell proliferation, adhesion and secretion of Matrix metalloproteinases. Methods: The toxic range of PTX was evaluated using MTT test and colony formation assay. The cell cycle study of PTX treated cells was carried out using flow cytometric analysis. Adhesion assay of pretreated melanoma cells was carried out on extracellular matrix (ECM) substrates. The relative levels and activity of matrix metalloprotienase-9 (MMP-9) and MMP-2 were determined by gelatin zymography and western blotting. Results: Pentoxifylline significantly inhibited the in vitro proliferation of B16F10 cells in a concentration dependent manner and displayed an IC50 of 15.2 mM. Non-cytotoxic concentration of 1–3 mM of PTX for an exposure of 24 h demonstrated significant changes in cell morphology. A significant inhibition in G1-S phase transition was observed on PTX treatment. Pretreated F10 cells showed inhibition in adhesion to ECM components and markedly inhibited the secretion of MMP-9 and MMP-2 gelatinases. Conclusion: The results suggest that PTX even at non-toxic pharmacological concentrations acts as an effective antiproliferative agent with significant antiproteolytic and antiadhesive effects.
Inhibitory Effects of Fungicides on Hydrolysis of Urea and Nitrification of Urea Nitrogen in Soil

The influence of 1 and 50 mg active ingredient (AI) kg -1 soil of 17 fungicides on transformations of urea nitrogen in soil was studied by determining the amounts of urea hydrolysed and the amounts of nitrate and nitrite produced when samples of two coarse-textured and two fine-textured soils were incubated aerobically for various times after treatment with urea. When applied at the rate of 1 mg AI kg -1 soil, anilazine, benomyl, captan, chloranil, mancozeb and thiram retarded urea hydrolysis in the two coarse-textured soils and maneb retarded urea hydrolysis in all four of the soils used. Most of the fungicides tested retarded nitrification of urea nitrogen in the two coarse-textured soils when applied at the rate of 1 mg AI kg -1 soil, but only etridiazole markedly retarded nitrification of urea nitrogen in all of the soils used when applied at this rate. When the fungicides were applied at the rate of 50 mg AI kg -1 soil, anilazine, captan, chloranil, fenaminosulf, folpet, maneb, mancozeb and thiram retarded urea hydrolysis in the four soils studied, and all fungicides tested except chloroneb, fenarimol and iprodione retarded nitrification of urea nitrogen in these soils. One-way analysis of variance and correlation analyses indicated that the inhibitory effects of the 17 fungicides tested on nitrification of urea nitrogen in soil increased with decrease in the organic-matter content and increase in the sand content of the soil.
CAT ME Use Doubles Production

When the University of California, Santa Cruz was established in 1965, it was decided that the library would have a computer‐produced book catalog. Thus, we have always had machine‐readable records for all library materials. Originally, records for the catalog were all keyed locally; since the MARC II format had not yet been established, the early records were not tagged to that standard. Now MELVYL, the online union catalog of the University of California, is our primary catalog. Each record we produce on the OCLC system is entered into that catalog by tapeload.
Oakeshott’s Skepticism and the Skeptical Traditions

English philosopher Michael Oakeshott (1901-90) called himself a skeptic at various times, and yet his writings reveal little or no engagement with either of the major Hellenistic skeptical traditi...
Listening and Reading, Speaking and Writing: An Experimental Investigation of Differential Acquisition and Reproduction of Memory:

Under controlled conditions, Ss differed significantly in their reproductions of The War of the Ghosts, depending upon their mode of acquisition (listening and reading) and their mode of reproduction (speaking or writing). Listeners produced a larger corpus, more ideas, fewer omissions of important units, more distortions, and a stylistically superior reproduction than readers. Reproduction by speaking produced a larger corpus, less diversity of expression, more additions, more subordinate ideas, and more signals than did reproduction by writing. Listening seems (logically and empirically) more closely allied to speaking and reading seems more closely allied to writing.
Response of the Maize Catalases to Light

The three maize catalase genes respond differentially to light signals. Expression of Cat1 is light independent while expression of Cat2 and Cat3 is light responsive. Upon exposure to light there is rapid accumulation of CAT-2 protein in leaves, due to both increased transcript accumulation and increased translation of the Cat2 message. Short UV light pulses also cause a strong transient induction of Cat2 gene expression, while long term exposure to UV does not affect the rate of Cat2 transcription. The Cat3 gene of maize exhibits a transcriptionally regulated circadian rhythm. The induction of the Cat3 circadian expression in etiolated leaves is probably regulated by a very low fluence phytochrome response; the involvement of a blue light/UV-A and a UV-B photoreceptor is also possible. Regulatory elements located on the Cat3 promoter have recently been identified and their significance in the complex light response of the gene is being investigated. Possible physiological role(s) of the light responding maize catalases Cat2 and Cat3 are discussed.
An index formula for Loewner vector fields

Let $f$ be $C^2$ real-valued function defined near $0$ in $\Bbb R^2$, $ {\partial^2 f \over {\partial {\overline z}^2}} \neq 0$ for $z\ne 0$. Motivated by the Carath\'eodory conjecture in differential geometry, Loewner conjectured that the index at $0$ of the vector field given in complex notation by $ {\partial^2 f \over {\partial {\overline z}^2}} $ is at most two. In this paper we establish a formula that computes the index of these Loewner vector fields from data about the hessian of $f$.
From Socialism to Social Justice Feminism: Rose Schneiderman and the Quest for Urban Equity, 1911-1933:

This article argues that in her long career of political and labor activism, Rose Schneiderman (1882-1972) embarked on a quest for urban equity that took her from the tenets of socialism, which emp...
Reconstructing Jets and Missing Transverse Energy using the CMS Detector

In 2007, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will circulate and collide proton-proton beams for the first time. The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) is one of four experiments at the LHC and is entering the final phases of construction and initial phases of commissioning. This report discusses the expected performance of reconstructing jets and missing transverse energy using the CMS Detector. In addition, strategies for calibrating the energy scale using real data are presented.
Arginine Analogues Suppress Antigen-Specific and -Nonspecific T Lymphocyte Proliferation

Using analogues of arginine to inhibit nitric oxide (NO.) production, investigators have demonstrated the intermediary role of NO. in a variety of physiological events including the antimicrobial activity exhibited by macrophages in vitro. In an effort to establish the effector function of NO. in the antimicrobial activity expressed by macrophages in vivo, several groups report treating infected animals with relatively high concentrations of these same analogues. In the present study, we found that the arginine analogues NG-monomethyl-L-arginine, N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, aminoguanidine, and L-canavanine at concentrations > or = 10 mM significantly inhibited both the antigen-specific and -nonspecific proliferation of T lymphocytes in culture. These findings indicate that in vivo experiments demonstrating the suppressive effect of arginine analogues on host defenses are subject to alternative interpretations that do not directly involve the microbicidal activity of macrophages.
Territoriality and the Use of Library Study Tables

This experiment examined the influence of three different spatial markers at three different types of college library tables. College students were told to assume they were using the library either to do research or to study for a test and were then presented slides each showing a different table with a different marker. The students were asked to rate their level of avoidance for sitting at each of the seats at the table or to sitting at the table itself. The types of tables were a four-person table, four study tables with low partitions at front and sides, and four carrels with high partitions at front and sides. The markers were an open book, a jacket, and a person. The presumed purpose for using the library did not affect the reactions to the tables or markers. However, the type of table and type of marker affected reactions to sitting at each of the different seats. All seats except the diagonal seat at marked tables with low or no partitions led to high avoidance. Only the marked seat was avoided at...
Effects of administration route on migration and distribution of neural progenitor cells transplanted into rats with focal cerebral ischemia, an MRI study

We tested the hypotheses that administration routes affect the migration and distribution of grafted neural progenitor cells (NPCs) in the ischemic brain and that the ischemic lesion plays a role in mediating the grafting process. Male Wistar rats (n=41) were subjected to 2-h middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo), followed 1 day later by administration of magnetically labeled NPCs. Rats with MCAo were assigned to one of three treatment groups targeted for cell transplantation intra-arterially (IA), intracisternally (IC), or intravenously (IV). MRI measurements consisting of T2-weighted imaging and three-dimensional (3D) gradient echo imaging were performed 24 h after MCAo, 4 h after cell injection, and once a day for 4 days. Prussian blue staining was used to identify the labeled cells, 3D MRI to detect cell migration and distribution, and T2 map to assess lesion volumes. Intra-arterial (IA) administration showed significantly increased migration, a far more diffuse distribution pattern, and a larger number of transplanted NPCs in the target brain than IC or IV administration. However, high mortality with IA delivery (IA: 41%; IC: 17%; IV: 8%) poses a serious concern for using this route of administration. Animals with smaller lesions at the time of transplantation have fewer grafted cells in the parenchyma.
The value of design strategies applied to energy efficiency

Purpose – Advanced design strategies supported by iterative engineering performance calculations expand the number of alternatives designers can analyze by orders of magnitude. Yet, in the face of vast, under‐constrained design challenges with wide ranging and sometimes ill‐defined implications related to sustainability, it is not possible to replace building design with automated search. The purpose of this paper is to assist designers in their selection of strategies that have been shown to be effective in promoting sustainability.Design/methodology/approach – This paper applies and extends the design exploration assessment methodology (DEAM) to compare the value of distinct design strategies. The authors use DEAM to demonstrate that designers face non‐trivially distinct challenges, even in the well‐defined arena of design for energy efficiency. They next evaluate and compare the effectiveness of strategies such as point‐analysis, screening, trend analysis, and optimization. They identify associated pro...
9 URINARY TRACT INFECTION (UTI) IN ADOLESCENCE; A PROSPECTIVE EVALUATION OF MORPHOLOGY, BACTERIOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY

The incidence, clinical and microbiological characteristics of UTI in adolescents and range of structural malformations are not well described. 560 (163 males, 397 females) infants and children with UTI were reviewed. Initial UTIs encountered between 10-17 years of age were evaluated regarding host factors, microbiology, urinary tract (UT) morphology and follow-up (average 1½ years). Recurrences were classified as frequent (FR) (≥2 episodes in any 3 month period) or infrequent (IR) if 0.05). E.coli (EC) was the most frequent pathogen. Proteus Mirabilis (PM) was more common in males (P<0.05). In males UT malformation was more common (P<0.05) but recurr rate 1/3 that of girls. Recurrences among males were limited to those with abnormal UT but in females were unrelated. We conclude that adolescent males have a higher incidence of malformation but fewer recurrences. Recognition of higher recurrences among adolescent females is important in organizing programs for prevention of UTI and its potentially adverse effect in pregnancy and later life.
Self-referencing luminescent optrodes for non-invasive, real time measurement of extracellular flux

Autonomous technologies are needed which are capable of sensing real time changes in biophysical transport across cell membranes/organelles. These technologies must not only be highly sensitive/selective, but must also be minimally invasive/intrusive, causing no significant physical/chemical effects on cell behavior. Challenges with mainstream technologies (e.g., assays, fluorescent dyes, microsensors) include signal noise/drift, low temporal resolution, requirement of large sample sizes, cytoxicity, organelle sequestration, and intracellular buffering. Recent advancements in fiber optics have greatly enhanced the performance of microsensors (e.g., increased sensitivity/selectivity, response time), but used in concentration mode near cells/tissues these sensors suffer from poor signal to noise ratio. Work over the last few decades has advanced microsensor utility through sensing modalities that extend and enhance the data recorded by sensors. This technique, known as self-referencing, converts static micro/nanosensors with otherwise low signal-to-noise ratios into dynamic flux sensors capable of filtering out signals not associated with active transport by acquisition and amplification of differential signals. Here, we demonstrate the use of a self-referencing referencing frequency domain fiber optic microsensor containing a quenched dye (platinum tetrakis-pentafluorophenyl porphyrin) for quantifying cell/tissue flux in biomedical, agricultural, and environmental applications.
Prenatal brain atrophy due to a giant vein of Galen malformation

We report a full-term newborn girl with a giant vein of Galen malformation and extreme cerebral atrophy of prenatal origin. She presented on the 3rd day of life with intractable congestive heart failure. The diagnosis of the vascular malformation was confirmed by ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging.
Money, Mobility, and Commodified Bodies: The Politics of Gentrification in German City Films of the Late 1990s

In the late 1990s Hamburg and Berlin launched large-scale urban reconstruction projects, the HafenCity Masterplan in Hamburg and the Planwerk Innenstadt in Berlin. Both projects triggered debates among politicians, activists, and journalists about the future of German/European cities, and spaces for creativity, art, and alternative cultures within increasingly commercialized and gentrified cityscapes. After an overview of these debates, this article discusses two German city episode films, Sonke Wortmann's St. Pauli Nacht (1999) and Andreas Dresen's Nachtgestalten (1998), in the context of discussions about the politics of the neoliberal city. The films offer different perspectives on how bodies and money circulate in the shadow spaces of neoliberal cityscapes. The cinematic depictions of these economies, however, can be commodified into marketable fantasies of “edgy Berlin” and “seedy Hamburg.”
Hot carrier effects on jitter and phase noise in CMOS voltage-controlled oscillators

The effects of hot carrier stress on CMOS voltage-controlled oscillators (VCO) are investigated. A model of the threshold voltage degradation in MOSFETs due to hot carrier stress has been used to model jitter and phase noise in voltage-controlled oscillators. The relation between the stress time which induces the hot carrier effects and the degradation of the VCO performance is presented. The VCO performance degradation takes into consideration decrease in operation frequency, increase in jitter and phase noise and decrease in tuning range. The experimental circuits have been designed in 0.5 μm n-well CMOS technology for operation at 3 V. It is shown that when the MOSFET threshold voltage, increases from 0.4 V to 0.9 V due to the hot carrier effect, for the single-ended ring oscillator, the oscillation frequency changes from 538 MHz to 360 MHz, and the phase noise changes from -104 dBc to -105 dBc at 1 MHz frequency offset with a power dissipation of 0.37 mW. For the current-starved VCO, the tuning range changes from 72 MHz - 287 MHz to 65.4 MHz - 201 MHz, and the phase noise changes from -109 dBc to -107 dBc at 1 MHz offset from the center frequency, 200 MHz; for the double-ended differential VCO, the tuning range changes from 32 MHz - 983 MHz to 26 MHz - 698 MHz, and phase noise changes from -86 dBc to -87 dBc at 1 MHz offset from the center frequency, 700 MHz.
Access to obstetric care in rural areas : effect on birth outcomes

Hospital discharge data from 33 rural hospital service areas in Washington State were categorized by the extent to which patients left their local communities for obstetrical services. Women from communities with relatively few obstetrical providers in proportion to number of births were less likely to deliver in their local community hospital than women in rural communities with greater numbers of physicians practicing obstetrics in proportion to number of births. Women from these high-outflow communities had a greater proportion of complicated deliveries, higher rates of prematurity, and higher costs of neonatal care than women from communities where most patients delivered in the local hospital.
RAPID, SENSITIVE DIAGNOSIS OF MALARIA BASED ON RIBOSOMAL RNA

A system for the sensitive and accurate diagnosis of all four species of malaria parasite that are pathogenic in man has been developed. It involves hybridisation of oligonucleotides complementary to species-specific regions of the RNA of the parasite small ribosomal subunit followed by autoradiography. The method retains its specificity even under conditions of very low stringency similar to those that will occur in field diagnosis. Direct application of treated blood to nylon is possible and consistently results in the detection of fewer than 10 parasites by autoradiography in an overnight exposure. The target rRNA is stable even in dehydrated cells.
Micronutrients in African-Americans with decompensated and compensated heart failure.

Heart failure is thought to be more common and of greater severity in African-Americans (AAs). Potential mechanisms remain uncertain. The importance of micronutrient deficiencies in the pathophysiologic expression of congestive heart failure (CHF) in AAs remains to be explored, including hypovitaminosis D, which can promote secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT), together with hypozincemia and hyposelenemia, the 2 most crucial trace minerals integral to diverse biologic functions. Serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), Zn, and Se were monitored in 30 AAs hospitalized during June through December 2005, with decompensated failure and reduced ejection fraction (EF) (