cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An examination of change in dynamic risk of offending over time among serious juvenile offenders.

Abstract Purpose We examine whether and how much risk/need indicators change over time in a sample of serious adolescent offenders and whether changes in risk are related to self-reported and official record reports of offending in the year following assessment. Methods Growth curve and multilevel mixed-effects models are used to examine change through age 18 in a sample of 1354 serious adolescent offenders participating in the Pathways to Desistance Study. Results Three primary findings emerge: 1) Compared to the baseline assessment, overall risk/need scores decrease over time. 2) Risk/need does not change in a uniform sequence across domains and time; the form and rate of change differ by domain. 3) Risk/need indicators were related to later offending, with more recent indicators being more powerful for predicting rearrest. Conclusions The findings provide empirical support for recent efforts to incorporate routine risk/need assessment into juvenile justice practice. Repeated assessments are likely to identify fluctuations in areas of risk/need that can be used to inform case management and intervention efforts, even for serious offenders.
Synthesis of an H3 Antagonist via Sequential One-Pot Additions of a Magnesium Ate Complex and an Amine to a 1,4-Ketoester followed by Carbonyl-Directed Fluoride Addition

We describe the development of an efficient and scalable process for the preparation of fluorocyclobutane-containing H3 antagonist, 1. The synthesis was accomplished by the chemoselective addition of a magnesium ate complex and an amine to a 1,4-ketoester in a one-pot sequence, followed by a diastereoselective carbonyl-directed fluorination. The chemoselective addition of the magnesium ate complex to the ketoester benefited from tight stoichiometric control, short addition times, and lower reaction temperatures, and thus was amenable to rapid mixing and excellent heat transfer in a flow reactor.
Sensitivity of detection trapping systems for Mediterranean fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Southern California

Release-recapture studies were conducted in southern California to determine the probability of capturing Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), in standard trapping arrays used to detect and delimit introduced populations. Two tests were conducted in a 10.4-km2 area of Orange County that contained a total of 40 trimedlure-baited Jackson traps (10 traps per 2.6 km2 [1 square mile]). Radiosterilized flies were marked with one of four colors and released at four different distances from each trap. Numbers of flies released at each point were adjusted so that the nominal density throughout the test area was 25 (first trial) or 12 (second trial) flies per hectare. In both trials. percentage of flies recaptured was ≍0.6% overall and, in general, was related inversely to the distance from the release site to the trap. In other tests, 23-27% of flies were recovered when released in Orange County within 0.26-km2 plots that contained 100 trimedlurebaited yellow sticky panels. Using results of these and a previously published study, simple mathematical models based on binomial probability theory indicate that arrays of 10 Jackson traps per 2.6 km2 would detect high proportions of relatively small, stable infestations of C. capitata within several generations. Arrays of 1,000 yellow panel traps per 2.6 km2 essentially would detect all viable infestations within one generation and provide a sensitive tool for confirming eradication after treatment of infested areas.
Seasonal branch and fine root growth of juvenile loblolly pine five growing seasons after fertilization

In 1989, we established two replications of two fertilization treatments in a 10-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation. Between March and September 1993, branch internode and needle fascicle expansion in the upper and lower third of crowns were measured weekly on three south-facing branches of each of four trees, and new root initiation and elongation were measured at 10-day intervals in three vertical rhizotrons per plot. In one replication, soil water content was measured daily. Fertilization significantly increased the expansion of first flush internodes in the upper crown and first flush needle fascicles in the upper and lower crown. New root growth was stimulated by fertilization in the second half of the growing season. The timing of root growth responses to fertilization corresponded to branch phenologies in the upper and lower crown that were conducive to increased basipetal transport of photosynthate. We conclude, therefore, that new root growth was linked to source-sink activities in the crown. Root initiation was greater in the upper than in the lower part of the soil profile; however, as the growing season progressed and water deficit increased, this relationship was reversed. The effect of soil depth on seasonal root growth was closely associated with water availability, suggesting that root initiation deep in the soil profile is critical for the continued production of new roots in environments subjected to short-term, but relatively severe, water deficits.
Hand rehabilitation--retrospective.

From the exercise principles of Galen through the compassionate practices of Canute and the leadership of Tissot, Dunton, Bunnell, Brand, and Hunter, hand rehabilitation has grown. Surgeons, nurses, physical therapists, and occupational therapists now work together for a common goal—-to restore the patient with the injured hand to the greatest possible productivity in the shortest period of time.
An Experiment on the Policy Effects of Immigrant Skin Tone

Innovative natural experiments, observational research and theories of racial threat suggest that skin tone is a determinant of nativist sentiment, yet experiments which include immigrant skin tone as a treatment find little connection between the two. We argue that these contradictory findings can be partially explained by experimental designs which exclude information about immigrant geographic context, an essential component of threat. To address these issues, we design a survey experiment in which geographic context and immigrant skin tone are randomly manipulated. We find that skin tone has potent effects on support for anti-immigration policy when geographic context is included but has no effects when context is excluded. We argue that these results suggest that geographic context should be considered in future experiments which seek to measure the effects of immigrant skin tone on policy outcomes.
Video-EEG in Infantile Spasms

Early electroclinical manifestations and treatment responses were evaluated by video-EEG in 44 infants with infantile spasms.
Appropriate overtaking motion generating method using predictive control with suitable car dynamics

We developed an appropriate overtaking motion generating method suitable for autonomous cars using model predictive control (MPC). The MPC framework determines the control input in accordance with optimization that reflects the prediction of the state transition for a finite period. Some related studies of motion planning using MPC presented simplified optimization methods that can be used in almost real time. However, substantially simplified optimization often causes differences in behavior from actual cars. Our system consists of a method for planning acceleration and the steering change ratio that can generate accurate overtaking motion. We developed this method to solve the problem of overtaking. The applicability of our system to autonomous cars was evaluated using a car dynamics simulator.
Load-Based Lower Neck Injury Criteria for Females from Rear Impact from Cadaver Experiments

The objectives of this study were to derive lower neck injury metrics/criteria and injury risk curves for the force, moment, and interaction criterion in rear impacts for females. Biomechanical data were obtained from previous intact and isolated post mortem human subjects and head–neck complexes subjected to posteroanterior accelerative loading. Censored data were used in the survival analysis model. The primary shear force, sagittal bending moment, and interaction (lower neck injury criterion, LNic) metrics were significant predictors of injury. The most optimal distribution was selected (Weibulll, log normal, or log logistic) using the Akaike information criterion according to the latest ISO recommendations for deriving risk curves. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used to quantify robustness of the assumed parametric model. The intercepts for the interaction index were extracted from the primary risk curves. Normalized confidence interval sizes (NCIS) were reported at discrete probability levels, along with the risk curves and 95% confidence intervals. The mean force of 214 N, moment of 54 Nm, and 0.89 LNic were associated with a five percent probability of injury. The NCIS for these metrics were 0.90, 0.95, and 0.85. These preliminary results can be used as a first step in the definition of lower neck injury criteria for women under posteroanterior accelerative loading in crashworthiness evaluations.
Genomic mapping reveals large, abundantly expressed, highly conserved non-coding transcripts which are aberrantly expressed in cancer

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 14-18, 2007; Los Angeles, CA 2966 Until recent years most genetic research has centered on the expression of genes and how their modulation may potentially be involved in the development of a various disease states. However, when the genome is examined thoroughly one notices that only a small fraction (~2%) of DNA sequence is directly implicated in the encoding of protein. Only until recently have researchers began to explore, not only the existence of non-coding RNAs, but the possibilities of these transcripts having a functional role in various vital cellular functions. Such research has demonstrated the existence of a variety of non-coding RNAs (miRNA, piRNA, snRNA, etc) that are, in fact, involved in a diversity of critical cellular processes and, in some cases, have been linked to specific disease states. The list of newly discovered non-coding RNAs is increasing by the month and the scientific community has just recently realized their cellular importance. In an attempt to examine the non-coding, non-repetitive portion of the genome for transcriptional activity we conducted a whole genome tiling array experiment utilizing total RNA isolated from a normal bronchial epithelial cell line. When we examined those transcripts that had the highest level of expression we observed a large number of non-coding transcripts that were between 400-2,000 base pairs in length. Interestingly, a sub-set of these transcripts are highly evolutionarily conserved when comparing the genome sequence across 17 species. While we don’t yet know the function of these large highly conserved transcripts, we’ve validated that they are abundantly expressed (many at levels equal to or greater than beta-actin) and that many of them are aberrantly expressed in different cancers. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the human genome is much more transcriptionally active that previously thought. Furthermore, we’ve identified a novel class of large non-coding transcripts that are evolutionarily conserved and aberrantly expressed during cancer development.
The fractions SNARC revisited: Processing fractions on a consistent mental number line.

The ability to understand fractions is key to establishing a solid foundation in mathematics, yet children and adults struggle to comprehend them. Previous studies have suggested that these struggles emerge because people fail to process fraction magnitude holistically on the mental number line (MNL), focusing instead on fraction components. Subsequent studies have produced evidence for default holistic processing but examined only magnitude processing, not spatial representations. We explored the spatial representations of fractions on the MNL in a series of three experiments. Experiment 1 replicated Bonato et al.; 30 naive undergraduates compared unit fractions (1/1-1/9) to 1/5, resulting in a reverse SNARC (Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Codes) effect. Experiment 2 countered potential strategic biases induced by the limited set of fractions used by Bonato et al. by expanding the stimulus set to include all irreducible, single-digit proper fractions and asked participants to compare them against 1/2. We observed a classic SNARC effect, completely reversing the pattern from Experiment 1. Together, Experiments 1 and 2 demonstrate that stimulus properties dramatically impact spatial representations of fractions. In Experiment 3, we demonstrated within-subjects reliability of the SNARC effect across both a fractions and whole number comparison task. Our results suggest that adults can indeed process fraction magnitudes holistically, and that their spatial representations occur on a consistent MNL for both whole numbers and fractions.
The quest for regional accreditation of art and design education in the Arab Countries

In recent years, international accreditation has become an important part of quality management in higher education. However, given risks including increasing bureaucratisation, outdated systems an...
Dance/movement therapy and shamanic healing ritual: natural intelligence of body and spirit

This paper offers a model for integrating a dance/movement therapy practice with some of the themes that show up in literature on shamanic healing ritual. The proposed model is based on literature on shamanism and within the field of dance/movement therapy. It is intended as a first step in an exploration between intersections of the two fields. The model proposes cultivating a sacred container as a holding environment for the therapeutic process, within which the themes of natural intelligence, surrender, and nervous system regulation will be woven together, and the potential for sequencing greater healing energy will be discussed. Applications, limitations, and suggestions for further research will also be considered.
ANESTHESIOLOGY INVOLVEMENT IN CARDIAC RHYTHM DEVICE IMPLANTATION IN THE US: PRIMARY RESULTS OF A NATIONWIDE SURVEY

Standards and regulatory policies for anesthesia coverage for electrophysiology (EP) procedures have changed in the last several years. However, quantification of anesthesia involvement in EP is lacking. An online survey was sent to US electrophysiologists and cardiac anesthesiologists as approved
Case 13: Where Are My Teeth?

A 40-year-old man is scheduled for left ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy for nephrolithiasis. He is 90 kg and 5 ft 11 in. tall. His previous medical history is noncontributory. He had an uneventful hernia repair under general anesthesia 4 years ago. The anesthesia record mentioned no problem with endotracheal intubation. Examination of his airway reveals a maxillary anterior fixed partial denture. He informs you that they are “permanent.” He has had the bridge for 17 years and never caused any problems. After a routine induction of anesthesia, the patient is easily mask ventilated. A grade-1 view of the larynx is achieved with an atraumatic direct laryngoscope and an endotracheal tube (ETT) placed easily into the trachea. The rest of the anesthesia is uneventful. At the end of the surgery, the patient’s ETT is removed without any problems. He is transported to the postoperative care unit. Here, he experiences a bout of coughing. Upon becoming more alert, he says: “Where are my teeth?”
Sensor Development for High Temperature Viscosity Measurement

In previous years, we have presented several results on viscosity measurements using conventional and laser ultrasound techniques [1,2,3]. These results are based on experiments conducted at room temperature. The principle[1], in essence, is to launch ultrasonic shear waves at the interface of a solid and a viscous fluid. The amplitude and phase of the reflected waves were correlated to the viscosity of the fluid.
Abstract A146: Stromal neuregulin-1 modulates the response to MEK inhibitors in WT BRAF/WT NRAS (WT/WT) melanomas

MEK-ERK1/2 signaling is elevated in the majority of melanomas. While MEK inhibitors (MEKi) are FDA-approved for mutant BRAF melanoma, and have some activity against NRAS mutant tumors, they have shown little activity in patients with melanomas that are wild type for BRAF and NRAS (WT/WT). Since the tumor microenvironment (TME) often regulates drug resistance, we tested the effects of growth factors on WT/WT melanoma growth in the presence of MEKi. Neuregulin-1 (NRG1) protected patient-derived WT/WT human melanoma cell lines from growth inhibition mediated by trametinib (MEKi). Phospho-proteomic analysis and clinical grade neutralizing antibodies implicated adaptive activation of ErbB3/ErbB2 complexes in the protective effects of NRG1. NRG1 was detected in fibroblasts and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), and CAF-conditioned medium activated ErbB3/ErbB2 signaling in MEK inhibited WT/WT melanoma cells. ErbB3 and ErbB2 neutralizing antibodies blocked the protective effects of fibroblast- and CAF-derived NRG1 in vitro and cooperated with MEKi to delay xenograft growth in vivo. Together our results provide a rationale for the treatment of WT/WT melanomas with the combination of MEKi and anti-ErbB3/ErbB2 antibodies. Citation Format: Claudia Capparelli, Timothy J. Purwin, Shea Heilman, Inna Chervoneva, Michael A. Davies, Jeffrey E. Gershenwald, Andrew E. Aplin. Stromal neuregulin-1 modulates the response to MEK inhibitors in WT BRAF/WT NRAS (WT/WT) melanomas [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2017 Oct 26-30; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2018;17(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A146.
Seeing Order and Disorder in the Behaving Brain.

The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is important for control of social behavior and is commonly studied in disorders of social dysfunction. Here, Liang et al. (2018) perform calcium imaging in the mPFC of freely behaving mice, elucidating the complex dynamics of mPFC neurons during social behavior and changes in activity after pharmacological disruption.
Promise and paradox of metropolitan regional climate adaptation

Abstract Over the past decade, regions worldwide have developed initiatives to tackle climate change adaptation at the metropolitan scale. Faced with barriers to adaptation planning and implementation at the local level, growing numbers of practitioners have turned to the metropolitan region as a new scalar platform for climate adaptation planning. This study examines regional adaptation planning in Los Angeles, Miami, and Boston, three metropolitan areas that have significant exposure to the impacts of climate change and typify the high levels of administrative fragmentation found in the United States. I ask, what regional adaptation strategies have they deployed? What local adaptation challenges do they try to overcome? Given their progress, what are the implications for this scale of adaptation planning? Drawing on case studies of these efforts, I find that regional collaborations promisingly get more cities to start planning for the impacts of climate change, even in states where governments oppose climate action, by increasing access to information, providing opportunities for networking and technical assistance, helping secure additional funding, and strengthening coordination among vertical levels of government. However, local-centric regional adaptation efforts have had less success in addressing horizontal coordination challenges across municipalities, particularly as they relate to land use planning, fiscal constraints, spillovers effects, and social equity. These findings suggest that scaling up adaptation to the metropolitan region is no panacea for overcoming structural limits to local adaptation in places with weak regional governance institutions. More critical and reflexive regional adaptation planning can help pave the way to difficult conversations around regional institution building so that governance at this scale can achieve its promise of producing more effective and equitable adaptation.
Is Digital Guided Implant Surgery Accurate and Reliable

The digital workflow for computer-aided implant surgery includes a range of steps leading to generation of a prosthetically driven, 3-dimensional virtual plan, which is transitioned into the patient's mouth by the surgical guide and protocol. Guided implant surgery is believed to be accurate and reliable compared with free-handed implant surgery. However, deviation between implant virtual plan and implant real position may occur as a result of accumulated errors throughout the digital workflow. This article reviews the digital workflow of static computer-aided implant surgery. Factors that may affect the accuracy and clinical outcome of the guided surgery are also reviewed.
Hepatobiliary and Pancreas

The volume of hepatobiliary and pancreatic specimens received in the surgical pathology grossing suite is highly dependent on the individual hospital practice setting. Some of these specimens, such as pancreaticoduodenectomy specimens, can be very complex. A pancreaticoduodenectomy procedure, also known as a Whipple procedure, includes resection of the head of the pancreas, a portion of the bile duct, a portion of the distal stomach, and a portion of the duodenum. Whipple procedures are typically performed for resection of tumors in the head of the pancreas, distal common bile duct, or ampulla of Vater. Whipple procedure specimens are one of the most anxiety-inducing specimens encountered by pathology trainees and practitioners unfamiliar with such specimens. In practice settings where these surgeries are performed infrequently, acquiring confidence in handling such specimens may be challenging. This chapter outlines step-by-step procedures on how to handle hepatobiliary and pancreatic specimens, including pancreaticoduodenectomy specimens, and gives helpful tips on how to properly orient these specimens upon their receipt in the grossing suite.
The Ultimate Credit for Research Advances

I often tell people that there is very little that I do in my current practice that I learned in medical school. We have experienced enormous advances in cardiovascular medicine and surgery in the ...
Recruitment in Surgery and Interventional Radiology: Factors in Female Trainees' Specialty Decisions

Objective This study aims to identify factors influencing female medical students’ decision-making about specialties, specifically surgery and interventional radiology (IR), in an effort to inform future recruitment and professional development strategies. Design An electronic survey was created to assess both qualitative and quantitative data. Setting The survey was sent prior to a symposium for trainees interested in pursuing IR or surgery, held at University of Chicago (Chicago, IL) in February 2019. Participants The 90 female trainees who registered were sent the survey, and 48 (53%) responded voluntarily. Results All respondents were female, 46% planned to pursue surgery or IR. Students pursuing surgery/IR were less concerned about being valued by their colleagues (p = 0.0073), being in charge of patients’ lives (p = 0.0017), radiation exposure (p = 0.0171), chemical exposure (p = 0.0223), emotional stress (p = 0.0244), or shift work (p = 0.0045), compared to the nonsurgery/IR students. No differences were found in ranking of motivating factors, personal strengths or weaknesses, deciding factors, areas for seeking mentorship, or gender diversity. Top motivations among all respondents were intellectual rigor of medicine and becoming a mentor, while concerns were personal physical health, managing a career, pay equity, and gender-based biases. Students most often sought mentors and clerkship experience for making specialty decisions. They reported greatest strengths in empathy and resilience, and weaknesses in negotiating and public speaking. Conclusions Female medical students planning to pursue surgery/IR expressed greater confidence in their contributions to patient care and lower concerns about workplace hazards. Regardless of specialty intent, female students shared scholarship motivations for a career in medicine, valued the role of mentorship, and expressed persistent concerns about gender discrimination, personal health, and skills-based weaknesses. Identifying factors influential in career decision-making is important in order to recruit and retain a more gender-diverse physician workforce.
Competition Between Two Tufted C4 Grasses: A Mathematical Model

A model is constructed of two tufted C4 grasses, Schizachyrium scoparium and Paspalum plicatulum, growing in mono and mixed culture. Two types of vegetative growth are included: the upward growth of the shoots and the lateral growth of the crown. Two types of competition are modeled: “fair” competition for resources and “direct” inter-species competition. Model parameters are derived from published experimental data. Inter-species competition based only on resource sharing is found to be insufficient to explain experimental results, and a direct competition term is required. The model suggests that both species directly inhibit the growth of the other one, with Paspalum plicatulum having the larger inhibitory effect on Schizachyrium scoparium.
Low-Noise Balanced Photoreceiver with Waveguide SiN Photodetectors and SiGe TIA

A photoreceiver with balanced SiN waveguide photodetectors and BiCMOS transimpedance amplifier is proposed, achieving a high conversion gain of greater than 2 kV/W up through 2 GHz, and a low in-band NEP of 8 pW/√Hz.
Migranthood: youth in a New Era of deportation: by Lauren Heidbrink, Stanford, Stanford University Press, 2020, 213 pp., $25 (paper), ISBN 9781503612075

Lauren Heidbrink’s Migranthood: Youth in a New Era of Deportation centers on one of the most dominant and yet understudied phenomena in international migration, the mobility of children and youth. ...
Breath Harmonics Establish the Presence of High-Frequency Ventilation in Conventional Mechanical Ventilation.

Introduction: Conventional ventilation and high-frequency ventilation have been regarded as two distinct entities. Conventional ventilation consists of breaths having a defined tidal volume. Typically, Ventilation is provided at less than 60 breaths per minute. High-frequency ventilation has been defined as deadspace ventilation at frequencies over 2.5 Hz or 150 breaths per minute. From classical physics, waveforms of significant magnitude give rise to harmonics of yet higher frequency waveforms. Some of these frequencies may have a clinically …
Design Optimization of a Composite Rail Vehicle Anchor Bracket

The rail transportation sector is currently seeking to decrease greenhouse gas emissions by incorporating composite materials that can reduce the mass of vehicles. During early adoption of composites in the rail transportation industry, these materials have predominantly been applied to simple design geometries and lightly loaded structures, have been optimized only through modification of composite thickness and composite layer shape, and have only been constrained with respect to a single mechanical performance metric. This study investigates the use of finite element analysis software in the simulation of fiber-reinforced composite materials applied to, and optimized for, a complex and heavily loaded rail vehicle anchor bracket. The research assesses the applicability of optimization methodologies to a complex and heavily loaded structure and advances established practices by constraining the solution with respect to multiple design requirements: manufacturing, compliance, and failure criterion. The optimization process successfully developed a composite structure with a predicted mass reduction of 33% compared to an existing steel design, and simultaneously met compliance, manufacturing, and failure criteria constraints.
Influences of Inner and Outer Settings on Wraparound Implementation Outcomes

In recent years, implementation researchers have focused on associations among organizational characteristics (inner settings), policy and funding drivers (outer setting), and implementation outcomes. The current study evaluated the influence of outer setting drivers on implementation of Wraparound care coordination for youth with complex behavioral health needs. Data were drawn from two sources. First, we examined the impact of outer setting drivers on Wraparound implementation by comparing Wraparound implementation in states that used Community Mental Health Centers (CMHCs) versus Care Management Entities (CMEs). Wraparound fidelity data were compiled for a sample of 1174 direct service providers within 9 states. Second, we compared workforce development efforts across CMHCs and CMEs within a separate sample of 813 administrators and practitioners. Results of multilevel models found that CMEs were associated with higher overall fidelity scores than CMHCs [b = .219, t(5.47) = 3.26, p = .020] even after accounting for state-level covariates and the clustering of individual practitioners within organizations. Furthermore, compared with CMHC staff, those employed by CMEs reported higher competence with the Wraparound model and attended more Wraparound-related trainings. Staff employed by CMHCs were more likely to change practices than their CME counterparts. These findings suggest possible influences of outer settings on Wraparound implementation. The unique policies and procedures associated with CMEs may have helped facilitate practice fidelity among staff, promoted competence, and required fewer practice changes to implement Wraparound. Such findings underscore the importance of policy and fiscal factors in implementation of Wraparound and other evidence-based strategies.
Persistent racial/ethnic associated disparity in anti-tumor effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors despite equal access.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment of both lung cancer and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma demonstrating clear benefit over traditional chemotherapy alone in the metastatic setting. While the overwhelming majority of ICI trial participants have been White patients, results of these trials have been broadly applied to patients of all ethnic/racial backgrounds. It has, therefore, not been well defined if response to ICIs differs between ethnic/racial populations or socio-economic groups. We reviewed response to ICI of 208 patients with diagnoses of lung or head and neck cancers treated with ICI between 2015 and 2020 at one of three clinical pavilions associated with the Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, TX. Two of these pavilions (Harris Health System and the Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center) serve large minority patient populations and provide equal access of care to patients regardless of means. Of the 208 patients, 175 had a diagnosis of lung cancer [non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) or small cell lung cancer (SCLC)] and 33 had a diagnosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); 38% self-identified as Black, 45% as non-Hispanic White, and 18% as Hispanic. The objective response rate (ORR) was similar for lung cancer (31.4%) and HNSCC patients (27.3%) (p=0.894). Statistically, the ORR for Hispanic and Black patients did not differ compared to non-Hispanic White patients (H 23.7%, B 28.6%, W 35.5%; H vs. W p=0.189; B vs. W p=0.338). When considering patients treated with ICI monotherapy, the ORR for Hispanic patients dropped to 13.3% and was significantly lower than the ORR of the non-Hispanic White patients while the ORR of Black and non-Hispanic White patients remained about the same (B 29.3% and W 34.6%, H vs. W p=0.0285; B vs. W p=0.5131). Immune related adverse events (irAEs) were the lowest in the Hispanic population occurring in only 30% of patients compared to 50% of patients exhibiting irAEs in the Black and non-Hispanic white cohorts. ICIs demonstrate comparable anti-tumor effects in lung cancer (NSCLC + SCLC) and HNSCC during routine clinical practice regardless of race or ethnicity. The significantly lower ORR observed in our cohort for Hispanic patients, particularly when used as monotherapy, is an unexpected finding and will require additional study to identify potential biological and non-biological confounders which could contribute to reduced ICI effectiveness in this patient population.
Absorption and elimination of14C-cis-chlordane and14C-photo-cis-chlordane by goldfishCarassius auratus

Photo-cis-chlordane is accumulated by goldfish to a greater extent thancis-chlordane during a 16-hr exposure to 5parts per billion (ppb) of each insecticide. However, the concentration of photo-cis-chlordane in vital organs (brain, nervous system, heart, liver, kidneys) during the 1-, 2-, and 4-day exposure is less than that ofcis-chlordane. Only the swim bladder shows a much higher concentration of photo-cis-chlordane thancis-chlordane. These differences could hardly account for twice the higher toxicity of the former to goldfish. The transfer of pre-exposed fish to insecticide-free water resulted in faster elimination of photo-cis-chlordane thancis-chlordane; after five weeks, about 90% of the former was eliminated as compared with only 58% of the latter. High residues of both insecticides in the bile and the intestine during the initial period of exposure indicate a biliary route of elimination.
Efficient implementation of OpenMP for clusters with implicit data distribution

This paper discusses an approach to implement OpenMP on clusters by translating it to Global Arrays (GA). The basic translation strategy from OpenMP to GA is described. GA requires a data distribution; we do not expect the user to supply this; rather, we show how we perform data distribution and work distribution according to OpenMP static loop scheduling. An inspector-executor strategy is employed for irregular applications in order to gather information on accesses to potentially non-local data, group non-local data transfers and overlap communications with local computations. Furthermore, a new directive INVARIANT is proposed to provide information about the dynamic scope of data access patterns. This directive can help us generate efficient codes for irregular applications using the inspector-executor approach. Our experiments show promising results for the corresponding regular and irregular GA codes.
Evaluating marker‐guided treatment selection strategies

A potential venue to improve healthcare efficiency is to effectively tailor individualized treatment strategies by incorporating patient level predictor information such as environmental exposure, biological, and genetic marker measurements. Many useful statistical methods for deriving individualized treatment rules (ITR) have become available in recent years. Prior to adopting any ITR in clinical practice, it is crucial to evaluate its value in improving patient outcomes. Existing methods for quantifying such values mainly consider either a single marker or semi-parametric methods that are subject to bias under model misspecification. In this paper, we consider a general setting with multiple markers and propose a two-step robust method to derive ITRs and evaluate their values. We also propose procedures for comparing different ITRs, which can be used to quantify the incremental value of new markers in improving treatment selection. While working models are used in step I to approximate optimal ITRs, we add a layer of calibration to guard against model misspecification and further assess the value of the ITR non-parametrically, which ensures the validity of the inference. To account for the sampling variability of the estimated rules and their corresponding values, we propose a resampling procedure to provide valid confidence intervals for the value functions as well as for the incremental value of new markers for treatment selection. Our proposals are examined through extensive simulation studies and illustrated with the data from a clinical trial that studies the effects of two drug combinations on HIV-1 infected patients.
Active Volcanism on Io

Io, one of Jupiter9s moons, has hundreds of active volcanoes, many of which are erupting high-temperature silicate lavas. In his Perspective, McEwen reviews how data returned by the Galileo spacecraft have helped to resolve some questions regarding Io9s volcanism but have raised others, especially regarding the moon9s internal structure.
Molecular Characterization of hobo-Mediated Inversions in Drosophila melanogaster

The structure of chromosomal inversions mediated by hobo transposable elements in the Uc-1 X chromosome was investigated using cytogenetic and molecular methods. Uc-1 contains a phenotypically silent hobo element inserted in an intron of the Notch locus. Cytological screening identified six independent Notch mutations resulting from chromosomal inversions with one breakpoint at cytological position 3C7, the location of Notch. In situ hybridization to salivary gland polytene chromosomes determined that both ends of each inversion contained hobo and Notch sequences. Southern blot analyses showed that both breakpoints in each inversion had hobo-Notch junction fragments indistinguishable in structure from those present in the Uc-1 X chromosome prior to the rearrangements. Polymerase chain reaction amplification of the 12 hobo-Notch junction fragments in the six inversions, followed by DNA sequence analysis, determined that each was identical to one of the two hobo-Notch junctions present in Uc-1. These results are consistent with a model in which hobo-mediated inversions result from homologous pairing and recombination between a pair of hobo elements in reverse orientation.
Weight loss over 48 months is associated with reduced progression of cartilage T2 relaxation time values: Data from the osteoarthritis initiative

Purpose: To assess whether changes in knee cartilage MR-based T2 relaxation times are associated with weight loss in individuals with risk factors for knee osteoarthritis (OA) compared with controls with stable weight. Materials and Methods: One hundred twenty-seven individuals with risk factors for knee OA were studied: 62 subjects had a body mass index (BMI) decrease� 10% over 48 months and 65 controls had a BMI change <3%. Cartilage segmentation from five knee compartments at baseline and 48-month follow-up was performed, and T2 maps were generated. The association of change in T2 values over 48 months in the weight-loss group versus the control group was assessed using multiple linear regression models. Results: Weight loss was associated with significantly smaller increases in cartilage T2 in the medial femoral condyle (P ¼ 0.035) and overall medial compartment (P ¼ 0.006) compared with the controls. In a subgroup analysis comparing weight-loss subjects who were obese (BMI� 30 kg/m 2 ) and overweight (BMI 25‐30 kg/m 2 )a t baseline, obesity was associated with smaller increases in cartilage T2 values in the medial femoral condyle (P ¼ 0.022), lateral femoral condyle (P ¼ 0.015), patella (P ¼ 0.002), and globally across all compartments (P ¼ 0.002). Conclusion: A decrease in BMI of � 10% was associated with a slower progression of T2 values in individuals with risk factors for OA, suggesting a beneficial impact of weight loss on cartilage matrix degeneration.
Cancer-associated microangiopathic hemolytic anemia with thrombocytopenia: an important diagnostic consideration.

Background: Early initiation of plasma exchange (PE) allows more than 80% of patients with idiopathic thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), most commonly because of severe ADAMTS13 deficiency, to achieve remission and mandates urgency in diagnosis and therapy. Metastatic cancer may present with a microangiopathic hemolytic anemia with thrombocytopenia that is clinically similar to TTP but does not respond to PE. ADAMTS13 activity can be diagnostic but usually not immediately available. Recognition of cancer-associated microangiopathic hemolytic anemia with thrombocytopenia (CA-MHA) is paramount to avoid inappropriate PE therapy and delays in cancer-specific chemotherapy. Objective: To identify distinguishing characteristics of CA-MHA and TTP to facilitate early recognition of CA-MHA. Methods: In a retrospective cohort study, baseline clinical and laboratory data of consecutive adult patients with CA-MHA (n = 7) or autoimmune TTP (n = 7) from a registry of patients with clinically suspected acute TTP referred for PE were compared. Results: The frequencies of bone pain and respiratory symptoms were significantly greater among patients with CA-MHA compared to patients with TTP; other baseline clinical and laboratory characteristics did not differ significantly between the two groups. Response to PE and mortality at day 30 were significantly worse for CA-MHA (14% and 71%, respectively) compared to patients with TTP (86% and 14%, respectively). Conclusions: Baseline clinical and laboratory characteristics largely do not distinguish acute CA-MHA from autoimmune acute TTP. While all suspected acute patients TTP should receive urgent PE, bone pain, respiratory symptoms, or inadequate PE response should prompt an early search for CA-MHA.
Analysis and Optimization of Cross-Flow Reactors for Oxidative Coupling of Methane

A cross-flow reactor model with distributed feed of oxygen and product removal for the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) was developed, and comparison studies were carried out to analyze the different performances of reactors with different configurations in terms of contact time, temperature, pressure, dilution ratio, and permeability. For each of the reactor configurations considered, the overall methane to oxygen feed ratio was optimized such that the C2 yield at the reactor outlet was maximized. Modeling results showed that distributed feed oxygen could give rise to much higher C2 yields than the cofeed reactor, as long as the ratio of catalyst loading to initial methane flow rate was sufficiently high. Although reactors with optimally distributed oxygen feed give higher C2 yields than evenly distributed ones, the improvement is not significant. In the case of a two-membrane reactor, where one membrane is used for oxygen feed and the other for C2 product removal, higher C2 yields could be obtained t...
Effects of Student-Written Wiki-Based Textbooks on Pre-Service Teachers' Epistemological Beliefs

Use of web technology in student construction of knowledge through writing their own textbooks via the Wikibooks platform may affect their epistemological beliefs. By using Epistemological Beliefs Inventory, this article investigates whether two groups (n = 229) of pre-service teachers' epistemological beliefs change in different learning environments—a traditional course and a Wiki-centered course. The results of quantitative data analysis indicated differences between the epistemological beliefs of the two groups in one dimension—Certain Knowledge—with no significant differences in the other four dimensions—Simple Knowledge, Innate Ability, Omniscient Authority, and Quick Learning. Finally, this article discusses these differences and similarities and their theoretical and practical implications to teacher education programs.
NEW-CATR: Network-enabled Electronic Warfare for Collaborative Automatic Target Recognition

Network-enabled Electronic Warfare (NEW) is to develop modeling and simulation efforts to explore the advantages and limitations of network-enabled electronic warfare concepts. The advantages of linking multiple electronic support measures (ESM) and electronic attack (EA) assets to achieve improved capabilities across a networked battleforce have yet to be quantified. In this paper, we will use radar sensors as ESM and EA assets to demonstrate the advantages of NEW in Collaborative Automatic Target Recognition (CATR). We apply the NEW to CATR via waveform diversity combining and and propose maximum-likehood (ML)-ATR algorithms for nonfluctuating target as well as fluctuating target. Simulation results show that our NEW-CATR performs much better than single sensor-based ATR algorithm for nonfluctuating targets or fluctuating targets. Conclusions are drawn based on our analysis and simulations and future research works on this research topic are discussed.
Building Action Research Teams A Case of Struggles and Successes

Teaching teams can hold the promise of being an ideal vehicle in which collaborative action research is conducted. This case documents the mixed results of a team leader’s efforts to improve teaching and introduce inquiry-based professional development through action research in a community college. This case paints a realistic and multidimensional picture of the often frustration-fraught process of leading teacher collaboration. Touching on the issues of action research, team building, and team leadership, this case could be used in various levels of leadership and organizational development courses, particularly those aimed at training teacher leaders.
New β − Activity Induced by Photon Bombardment of Lithium

A pure Li target of natural abundance is exposed to the bremsstrahlung beam of a 320-Mev synchrotron. A beta activity with a maximum energy above 15 Mev and a half life of 110 msec is observed. This activity is conjectured to come from H/sup 5/, produced in the reaction Li/sup 7/( gamma ,2p)H/sup 5/. Assuming the beta particle to result from decay to the ground state of He/sup 5/, a log ft value of 5.4 plus or minus 0.1 is obtained (if the branching ratio is assumed to be 90% for this decay mode). (T.F.H.)
Planetary science: Kick for the cosmic clockwork

Mercury's spin and its orbit around the Sun are tied to each other in a unique arrangement. According to a set of calculations, random asteroid impacts may have aided the planet's evolution into the current spin-orbit pattern.
Skin Potential and Vasomotor Responsiveness of Black and White Children

A few instances or racial differences in physiological response systems are found in the literature, but investigation of this variable has been relatively rare. The present report deals with cardiovascular as well as endosomatic electrodermal activity in 64 black and 42 while, 6–11 yr old children. In a standard habituation paradigm black children were more responsive in the vaso-motor measure while whites were more responsive in skin potential. Skin potential results are discussed in terms of electrodermal mechanisms. Race is seen as a variable appropriate and useful for the study of physiological response systems.
Symbolists who speak to themselves: Recent studies in symbolic anthropology

Lewis, Ioan M. Religion and Context: Cults and Charisma. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1986. xi + 139 pp. including notes, bibliography, and index. $37.50 cloth. $9.95 paper. Turner, Victor W. and Edward M. Bruner, eds. The Anthropology of Experience. Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 1986. (no front matter) 391 pp. including chapter references and index. $35.00 cloth, $15.95 paper. Wagner, Roy. Symbols that Stand for Themselves. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986. xii + 150 pp. including references and index. $27.00 cloth, $9.95 paper.