cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ethical person-environment fit: An integrative definition, key findings, and a call for future research

Abstract Although studies of ethical fit have been informative, the need to map a variety of seemingly disparate ethics-centered constructs (e.g., values congruence, ethical conflict) to the ethical fit domain still exists. Thus, a tripartite framework of ethical person-environment fit is proposed that includes affective, behavioral, and cognitive dimensions, resulting in a parsimonious set of ethical fit types. An integrative definition of ethical fit is provided, describing what constitutes ethical fit between employees and the organizational environment. Using the proposed organizing framework, empirical research on ethical fit is reviewed, highlighting key findings, resolving conceptual challenges, and identifying areas for future research. This review of the ethical fit literature revealed that there was an inconsistent pattern of results for studies operationalizing ethical fit using affective constructs. Conversely, those using moral-cognitive constructs, or a combination of affective, behavioral, and cognitive constructs consistently demonstrated positive associations between ethical fit and outcomes.
Perioperative risk factors and postoperative outcomes following pelvic exenterations for gynecologic versus non-gynecologic malignancies

Objectives: Pelvic exenteration (PE) is an aggressive, radical procedure associated with high rates of postoperative complications (POC). Although PE was first described for the palliation of gynecologic malignancies, this has been adopted for the management of colorectal and genitourinary cancers. The objective of this study is to evaluate the perioperative risk factors and 30-day surgical outcomes following PE for gynecologic and non-gynecologic cancers. Methods: Data was obtained from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database. All women who underwent PE from 2012-2018 were identified using appropriate CPT codes and gender. Comparative analyses were performed and stratified by admission status to evaluate demographics, preoperative and intraoperative variables, and surgical outcomes. Statistical tests were performed with R Studio v.1.1.456. Results: A total of 2,069 women who had undergone a PE were identified from 2012-2018. Of these, 73 were performed for an unknown indication and 109 were for a nonmalignant indication, and these were excluded. The remaining 1,887 were used for our analysis: 473 (25.1%) had a PE for a gynecologic cancer, 973 (51.6%) for a genitourinary cancer, 427 (22.6%) for a colorectal cancer, and 14 (0.74%) for an unspecified cancer. PE performed for gynecologic malignancy were associated with longer operative times (median 385 vs 350 minutes, p Download : Download high-res image (107KB) Download : Download full-size image Conclusions: PE performed for gynecologic malignancies are associated with higher morbidity compared to PE done for non-gynecologic cancers. Flaps are performed more often during PE for gynecologic cancers, which may contribute to the increased morbidity seen in these patients following PE. Data on prior radiation therapy which is not available through the NSQIP database, could be evaluated in future studies.
Prognostic factors associated with overall survival in presumed early stage, high-grade serous ovarian cancer: an analysis of the SEER cancer database

Objectives: To evaluate how lymphadenectomy, chemotherapy, and patient-related factors impact overall survival in early stage, high grade serous ovarian cancer using the SEER cancer database. Methods: Ovarian cancer cases in the SEER cancer database from the years 2004-2016 were used in this analysis. Cases were limited to grade 3 or 4, stage T1 disease with serous histology. To account for possible miscoding of cases, those with metastatic disease, positive lymph node evaluation, or with an AJCC stage group of II, III, or IV were removed from the analysis. Survival analysis was completed using the Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox proportional hazards regression model to evaluate for possible factors affecting overall survival. Statistical analysis and plot creation was conducted in R using the ‘survminer’ and ‘survival’ packages. Results: A total of 1052 early stage, high grade serous ovarian cancer cases were evaluated using the SEER database. Survival at 5-years and 10-years was 84.1% and 74.0%, respectively. Median follow-up time was 69 months. Not having lymphadenectomy performed with unknown nodal status was associated with worse overall survival (HR: 3.0, p Conclusions: Lack of lymphadenectomy and Black race are prognostic factors associated with worse overall survival in presumed early-stage, high grade serous ovarian cancer regardless of receipt of chemotherapy.
Using Multiple Masks to Improve End-to-End Face Recognition Performance

In this paper, we propose a method to improve performance in end to end face recognition systems. Our system uses a combination of masks that extract different regions of the face, and performs recognition separately on each region. Individual mask results are then combined through weighted sums and Borda voting. We test the method in conjunction with the fisherfaces (LDA) algorithm, and we analyze performance in an end-to-end system where face recognition is preceded by face and then eye detection using the Viola Jones algorithm. We find that our method improves recognition results by almost 10% on both manual and automatically detected face and eye locations.
Divide and Conquer? The Russian Plan for Ownership of the Caspian Sea

The search for alternative sources of oil has renewed U.S. interest in the Caspian Sea. Bordered by Russia, Azerbaijan, Iran, and the Central Asian states of Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan, the Caspian Sea contains up to thirty-three billion barrels of proven oil reserYes. The legal status of the Caspian has remained unresolved since the collapse of the Soviet Union, however. In the early 1990s Russia joined with Iran to argue for common ownership of the sea by all five states, aiming for Yeto power over Western involvement in the region. Now, Russia argues for diYiding the seabed (and the oil and gas underneath it) into national sectors, while leaving most of the surface waters for common management and use. The Russian solution offers political and economic benefits to both Russia and the United States in the short run, but may be an unsound basis for long-term stability in the Caspian region.
Hierarchical approach for optimal operation of distribution grid and electric vehicles

A centralized approach to solve optimal operation of a practical sized distribution grid with a large number of electric vehicles (EVs) is a computationally challenging task. This work proposes a bi-level hierarchical optimization framework to solve the problem. In the hierarchy, optimal operation of the distribution grid is considered in one level, while the optimal operation of EVs is carried out in another level. The hierarchical optimization framework is based on information exchange among distribution grid control center, EV aggregators, individual EVs, and market operator. The proposed framework consists of detailed mathematical modelling of distribution system components, EVs, and operational constraints. The proposed framework is applied to coordinate charging of hundreds of EVs in the IEEE 34-node three-phase unbalanced distribution system. Case studies demonstrate that the proposed hierarchical optimization framework provides benefits to the distribution grid operations as well as to the individual EV customers.
Coherent optical control and manipulation of semiconductor quantum dots

Summary form only given. The three dimensional confinement of excitons leads to an atomic-like optical spectrum. The discrete nature of the spectrum coupled with the highly localized nature of the excitation makes these structures ideal for new device concepts such as quantum logic devices or novel sources of non-classical radiation. While these structures are believed to have properties similar to simple atomic/molecular systems, there is the potential for large-scale integration of these structures with coherent light sources and detectors. Our work has focused on examining the electronic features of GaAs quantum dots using coherent nonlinear optical spectroscopy. The measurements extend the similarities to atomic systems demonstrating not only a nonlinear optical response distinct from that observed in higher dimensional systems, but also fast coherent optical control and features important to potential applications such as inter-dot coupling, biexcitons, and quantum entanglement.
Benefits of intravenous fish oil after gastrointestinal cancer surgery

Jiang ZM, Wilmore DW, Wang XR, Wei JM, Zhang ZT, Gu ZY, Wang S, Han SM, Jiang H, Yu K. Randomized clinical trial of intravenous soybean oil alone versus soybean oil plus fish oil emulsion after gastrointestinal cancer surgery. Br J Surg 2010; 97: 804–9.
Congenital tricuspid stenosis. The diagnostic value of cineangiocardiography and hepatic pulse tracing.

Abstract 1. 1. By the use of cineangiocardiography, a three-month old patient with congenital tricuspid stenosis has been correctly diagnosed during life. All previous reports of this condition have emanated solely from postmortem findings. 2. 2. The clinical features of tricuspid stenosis are similar to those of tricuspid atresia. However, the presence of a normal or right axis deviation in the electrocardiogram in a patient suspected of having tricuspid atresia should make one suspect the existence of tricuspid stenosis. Cineangiocardiography should be undertaken to differentiate between the two conditions. An hepatic pulse tracing is helpful in correctly timing the liver pulse. In our patient, it eliminated the possibility of tricuspid incompetence being present. 3. 3. Congenital tricuspid stenosis should be treated as a clinical entity separate from tricuspid atresia because a correct diagnosis of the former can now be made during life. In addition, in keeping with the recent advances in tricuspid surgery, surgical correction may be feasible. 4. 4. It is suggested that cineangiocardiographic findings, perhaps when correlated with pressure gradients across the valve, may be of value in the diagnosis of acquired tricuspid stenosis.
Culture and Religion

This chapter commences by referencing definitions of religion and the understanding of culture. However, the scope of these two concepts in the global arena is daunting. It is difficult to provide a comprehensive definition of religion or culture since different definitions are used for different purposes. When looking at religious and cultural relationships with genetically modified organisms (GMOs), the most important thing to understand is that the beliefs, habits, and rituals attached to religion and culture are so deeply rooted, and that these undercurrents of human thought possess the power to decide if something is acceptable or unexceptionable, in an instant. The speed at which religion and culture can deem something welcomed or unwelcomed is why it is critical to understand the potential religious and cultural interpretations of agricultural biotechnology (agbiotech) before the opposition begins. It is prudent, and preferable, to engage in this understanding on the front end of research and development. The future of agbiotech rests in true cooperative engagement across all sectors of the agricultural network and this requires a strong religious and cultural understanding of how biotechnology might play into a region’s agricultural landscape.
The Vertical Distribution of Galactic HI: The Arecibo-Green Bank Survey

We have measured the vertical distribution of HI in the first quadrant of galactic longitude between tangent-point radii, Rt = Ro sin l, of 2.5 kpc and 9.75 kpc at 250 pc intervals of tangent-point distance, using the 305m Arecibo telescope and the 91m and 43m NRAO telescopes. The survey is complete to at least \(z\, = \, \pm 500\) pc and it was sampled with half-beamwidth spacings; the angular resolutions at 21cm wavelength are 4, 11 and 20 arcmin for these instruments.
Interpolation and Iteration for Nonlinear Filters

Author(s): Chorin, Alexandre J; Tu, Xuemin | Abstract: We present a general form of the iteration and interpolation process used in implicit particle filters. Implicit filters are based on a pseudo-Gaussian representation of posterior densities, and are designed to focus the particle paths so as to reduce the number of particles needed in nonlinear data assimilation. Examples are given.
Post‐Translational Modification Profiling—a High‐Content Assay for Identifying Protein Modifications in Mammalian Cellular Systems

Protein microarrays are extremely useful for detecting substrates of phosphorylation, substrates of ubiquitylation, or other post-translational modifications. The ability to screen binding interactions as well as post-translational modifications of thousands of proteins at once has improved our ability to identify their targets. Utilizing such systems in combination with functional mammalian cell extracts that preserve enzymatic activity offers advantages in identifying semi-quantitative changes of these interactions in the context of specific cellular conditions. This unit provides a detailed procedure for setting up an extract-based activity assay for high content detection of protein post-translation modifications. It also provides basic guidelines for data analysis.
Cardiac rehabilitation improves functional capacity and patient-reported health status in patients with continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices: the Rehab-VAD randomized controlled trial.

Abstract Objectives This study examined the effects of a cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program on functional capacity and health status (HS) in patients with newly implanted left ventricular assist devices (LVADs). Background Reduced functional capacity and HS are independent predictors of mortality in patients with heart failure. CR improves both, and is related to improved outcomes in patients with heart failure; however, there is a paucity of data that describe the effects of CR in patients with LVADs. Methods Enrolled subjects (n = 26; 7 women; age 55 ± 13 years; ejection fraction 21 ± 8%) completed a symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise test, the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ), a 6-min walk test (6MW), and single-leg isokinetic strength test before 2:1 randomization to CR versus usual care. Subjects in the CR group underwent 18 visits of aerobic exercise at 60% to 80% of heart rate reserve. Within-group changes from baseline to follow-up were analyzed with a paired t-test, whereas an independent t-test was used to determine differences in the change between groups. Results Within-group improvements were observed in the CR group for peak oxygen uptake (10%), treadmill time (3.1 min), KCCQ score (14.4 points), 6MW distance (52.3 m), and leg strength (17%). Significant differences among groups were observed for KCCQ, leg strength, and total treadmill time. Conclusions Indicators of functional capacity and HS are improved in patients with continuous-flow LVADs who attend CR. Future trials should examine the mechanisms responsible for these improvements, and if such improvements translate into improved clinical outcomes. (Cardiac Rehabilitation in Patients With Continuous Flow Left Ventricular Assist Devices:Rehab VAD Trial [RehabVAD]; NCT01584895 )
Introduction to the Special Issue on Archiving Sociolinguistic Data

Advances in online networking have permitted an increasing interest in big data by the community of linguists. This special issue will address the needs of researchers hoping to take advantage of this expansion of our horizons, both by adapting their research design to permit their own corpus to conform to the expanded need for accurate metadata and to permit them to take full advantage of their own corpora that researcher can collect and analyze directly. In linguistics, this naturally leads to increased emphasis on data sharing, which is one way to amass data of sufficient size and variety to permit new kinds of insight. At the same time, there is a growing consensus among sociolinguists that researchers must refine their views on demographic, situational, and attitudinal factors that correlate with linguistic differences in order to permit not only more effective data sharing and comparison but also more accurate conclusions.
Religion and American Foreign Policy, 1945–1960: The Soul of Containment. by William Inboden

The rhetoric of the Cold War is saturated with God-talk. It is a rare scholar of this period who fails to make at least a passing reference to the free world's Judeo-Christian crusade against godle...
San Francisco’s Haymarket: 2 A Redemptive Tale of Class Struggle

San Francisco had its own Haymarket Affair, the Preparedness Day 13 bombing and trials of 1916-17, to compare with Chicago’s notorious events of 14 thirty years earlier. But the circumstances leading up to and following after the 15 convictions of Tom Mooney and Warren Billings were markedly different from 16 those in Chicago in the 1880s and 90s. San Francisco’s working class fought 17 pitched battles with employers several times, holding the bourgeoisie at bay again 18 and again. Unions succeeded in creating a Closed Shop town in the years before 19 the First World War and again in the aftermath of the General Strike of 1934. They 20 also gained a measure of political power through the Union Labor Party between 21 1900 and 1910, and forced their way back to a place at the table in city government 22 in the 1930s and beyond. All in all, the Preparedness Day bombings did not lead to 23 the same class lynching as it did in Chicago, nor the same degree of bourgeois 24 revanchism.
Complete knotting of a catheter and a nonsurgical method of removal.

A nonsurgical method for disentanglement of a knot in pacemaker catheters is described and its possible wider applications are discussed.
THE EFFECT OF OXYBUTYNIN TREATMENT ON COGNITION IN CHILDREN WITH DIURNAL INCONTINENCE

ABSTRACTPurpose:: Oxybutynin is a powerful anticholinergic drug already known to impair cognition in the elderly. The impact of this drug on cognitive functioning in the pediatric population is unknown. We report the results of a study designed to assess the effect of oxybutynin on cognitive function in children.Materials and Methods:: A total of 25 patients presenting with the primary symptom of daytime enuresis were recruited for this nonrandomized trial. All subjects initially received 4 weeks of behavior modification, followed by an additional 4 weeks of behavior modification either alone or with oxybutynin for continued treatment of enuresis. Neuropsychological testing was performed at baseline (4 weeks) and after additional therapy (8 weeks).Results:: Patient demographics included a male-to-female ratio of 11:14 and a mean age of 7.2 ± 1.8 years. A total of 10 patients were assigned to the control group receiving behavior modification, and 15 patients were assigned to the treatment group receiving b...
Influence of alterations in drug metabolism on spontaneous and epinephrine-induced cardiac arrhythmias in animals exposed to trichloroethylene.

Abstract Studies were conducted to examine the effect of trichloroethylene on the cardiac rhythm and the influence of alterations in drug metabolism on the occurrence of spontaneous and epinephrine-induced arrhythmias. Rabbits and rats were treated with saline or the inducing agents, phenobarbital or Aroclor 1254, or the inhibiting agents, SKF 525A or Lilly 18947, and were exposed to trichloroethylene in an inhalation chamber under dynamic airflow conditions for 1 hr. Increasing doses of epinephrine (0.5–4 μg/kg, iv) were administered after 0, 7.5, 15, 30, 45, and 60 min of exposure until arrhythmias occurred. Rabbit controls exhibited premature ventricular beats when challenged with epinephrine (1 μg/kg) after 30 min of exposure. Serial blood samples were collected from rabbits and analyzed for trichloroethylene, trichloroethanol, and trichloroacetic acid by gas chromatography. Rabbits treated with SKF 525A or Lilly 18947 developed more arrhythmias after shorter exposure times in response to lower doses of epinephrine than controls and had higher blood concentrations of trichloroethylene. Phenobarbital-treated rabbits developed fewer arrhythmias and had lower blood concentrations of trichloroethylene. Aroclor 1254 did not alter trichloroethylene metabolism or arrhythmia development. No correlations were found between the blood concentrations of trichloroethanol and trichloroacetic acid and cardiac arrhythmias. Only those rats treated with SKF 525A developed spontaneous and epinephrine-induced arrhythmias. The data indicate that trichloroethylene can precipitate spontaneous and epinephrine-induced arrhythmias in the rat and rabbit, and the rate of metabolism of trichloroethylene can alter susceptibility to the development of these arrhythmias.
Control of occupational exposure to nitrous oxide in the dental operatory

Methods were developed for controlling the dental team's occupational exposure to nitrous oxide. The most applicable and effective use of these methods included the use of properly maintained gas delivery equipment, a double-walled scavenging nosepiece and vented suction machine, and minimizing speech by the patients. These methods were evaluated by measuring concentrations of nitrous oxide present in the air inspired by dental personnel. Before their use, the dentist inhaled 900 ppm nitrous oxide; their application reduced his inhaled concentration to 31 ppm, representing a 97% reduction. These methods were well accepted during 157 procedures completed by a group of eight dentists engaged in private practice (four general practitioners, two pedodontists, and two oral surgeons).
Uveitis and immune responses in primates immunized with IRBP-derived synthetic peptides.

Monkeys immunized with bovine IRBP-derived synthetic peptides R4 (sequence 1158–1180) or R14 (1169–1191) developed EAU which was detected by both clinical and histological examinations. The inflammation localized mainly in the choroid, with only minor changes being noticed in the adjacent retinal tissue. EAU developed in only one of the two monkeys immunized with each of the peptides and the animals with disease also showed higher levels of cellular immunity toward the immunizing peptide than did the monkeys with no disease. The cellular immune responses, measured by the lymphocyte proliferation assay, were specific toward the immunizing peptides, with no cross responsiveness to whole IRBP. This finding suggests that the two uveitogenic peptides were non-immunodominant in the tested monkeys. In contrast, peptide R14 is highly immunodominant in the Lewis rat. Also, the fine specificity of the monkey response to R14 differed from that of the Lewis rat. The possible genetic control of the monkey susceptibili...
Key management for non-tree access hierarchies

Access hierarchies are useful in many applications and are modeled as a set of access classes organized by a partial order. A user who obtains access to a class in such a hierarchy is entitled to access objects stored at that class, as well as objects stored at its descendant classes. Efficient schemes for this framework assign only one key to a class and use key derivation to permit access to descendant classes. Ideally, the key derivation uses simple primitives such as cryptographic hash computations and modular additions. A straightforward key derivation time is then linear in the length of the path between the user's class and the class of the object that the user wants to access. Recently, work presented in [2] has given an efficient solution that significantly lowers this key derivation time, while using only hash functions and modular additions. Two fastkey-derivation techniques in that paper were given for trees, achieving O(log log n) and O(1) key derivation times, respectively, where n is the number of access classes. The present paper presents efficient key derivation techniques for hierarchies that are not trees, using a scheme that is very different from the above-mentioned paper. The construction we give in the present paper is recursive and uses the onedimensional case solution as its base. It makes a novel use of the notion of the dimension d of an access graph, and provides a solution through which no key derivation requires more than 2d+1 hash function computations, even for "unbalanced" hierarchies whose depth is linear in their number of access classes n. The significance of this result is strengthened by the fact that many access graphs have a low d value (e.g., trees correspond to the case d = 2). Our scheme has the desirable property (as did [2] for trees) that addition and deletion of edges and nodes in the access hierarchy can be "contained".
Presenting efficacy information in direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertisements.

Abstract Objective We evaluated whether presenting prescription drug efficacy information in direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertising helps individuals accurately report a drug's benefits and, if so, which numerical format is most helpful. Methods We conducted a randomized, controlled study of individuals diagnosed with high cholesterol ( n =2807) who viewed fictitious prescription drug print or television ads containing either no drug efficacy information or efficacy information in one of five numerical formats. We measured drug efficacy recall, drug perceptions and attitudes, behavioral intentions, and drug risk recall. Results Individuals who viewed absolute frequency and/or percentage information more accurately reported drug efficacy than participants who viewed no efficacy information. Participants who viewed relative frequency information generally reported drug efficacy less accurately than participants who viewed other numerical formats. Conclusion Adding efficacy information to DTC ads—both in print and on television—may potentially increase an individual's knowledge of a drug's efficacy, which may improve patient-provider communication and promote more informed decisions. Practice implications Providing quantitative efficacy information in a combination of formats (e.g., absolute frequency and percent) may help patients remember information and make decisions about prescription drugs.
Sunscreens and phototesting

Abstract The last decade has seen numerous advances in the development of photoprotective sunscreens. There have been significant improvements in the sunscreening chemicals as well as vehicle preparations, yielding much higher protection factors and enhanced substantivity. In addition, novel sunscreening chemicals are currently being explored that provide protection against ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation. This chapter briefly describes both traditional and novel methods for evaluating sunscreening agents, discusses the recent evidence supportive of the view that UVA and infrared radiation exert pathologic changes in the skin, and provides the private dermatologist with additional information by which he or she can better understand the sunscreen literature and manufacturers' claims.
Breast cancer screening for women ages 50 to 69 years a systematic review of observational evidence.

Abstract Objective To systematically review the observational evidence concerning the effect of screening on breast cancer mortality in actual populations of women ages 50–69 years. Methods We searched MEDLINE and multiple reference lists for relevant cohort and ecologic studies. At least 2 authors reviewed abstracts and full texts of studies meeting eligibility criteria. We rated each accepted study on standard quality criteria and developed a Summary Evidence Table. Results Seventeen studies met eligibility criteria. Five studies found no to small effect of screening (0–12% relative risk reduction [RRR] in breast cancer mortality), 4 found a large effect (greater than 33% RRR), and 8 found a moderate effect (13% to 33% reduction). The authors found concerns about quality in all studies. There was insufficient evidence to determine whether the effectiveness of screening is decreasing over time. Conclusions Current observational evidence shows that breast cancer screening in actual populations of women ages 50 to 69 reduces breast cancer mortality; the magnitude of the effect is probably smaller than predicted in the randomized controlled trials. Because the magnitude may change (either increase or decrease) in the future, further ecologic studies are needed. The methodology and infrastructure for these studies should be improved.
Adaptive correction of imaging plane position in segmented K-space cine cardiac MRI

Variability among breath-holds frequently produces registration errors, a situation that may contribute to reproducibility error in anatomic indices. A navigator-echo-based method for real-time prospective correction of imaging slice level was applied to breath-hold cine cardiac imaging of 13 subjects. Repeat acquisitions with correction in the cardiac short-axis orientation showed significantly improved reproducibility in fractional area change and endocardial centroid location as compared with conventional noncorrected methods.
Temperature and carbon source effects on methane-air flame synthesis of CNTs

Abstract We have conducted experimental and numerical studies on flame synthesis of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to investigate the effects of three key parameters – selective catalyst, temperature and available carbon sources – on CNT growth. Two different substrates were used to synthesize CNTs: Ni-alloy wire substrates to obtain curved and entangled CNTs and Si-substrates with porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) nanotemplates to grow well-aligned, self-assembled and size-controllable CNTs, each using two different types of laminar flames, co-flow and counter-flow methane–air diffusion flames. An appropriate temperature range in the synthesis region is essential for CNTs to grow on the substrates. Possible carbon sources for CNT growth were found to be the major species CO and those intermediate species C 2 H 2 , C 2 H 4 , C 2 H 6 , and methyl radical CH 3 . The major species H 2 , CO 2 and H 2 O in the synthesis region are expected to activate the catalyst and help to promote catalyst reaction.
Further discussion of orientation relationships, surface reliefs and FCC-BCC transformations in steels

In a recent communication, Bhadeshia gives an explanation of the tent-shaped surface relief effects observed in association with Widmanstatten ferrite and lower bainite. Based on his proposed explanation he concludes that the diffusional fcc{yields}bcc transformation tn steel takes place by a displacive mechanism. This conclusion is disputed by Aaronson in a letter following that of Bhadeshia by showing that the experimentally observed orientation relationships are different from the one ( Nishyama-Wassermann ( N-W) , necessary for Bhadeshia' s mechanism. He therefore holds that the transformation is purely diffusional and that "any attempts to understand diffusional phase transformations in terms of a shear mechanism are counterproductive." The purpose of the present note is (l) to show that Bhadeshia's mechanism seems to be based on a misinterpretation of the lattice symmetries resulting from the fcc {yields} bcc transformation and cannot explain a tent-shaped surface relief even if the N-W orientation relationship is followed, and (2) to suggest that attempts to formally understand diffusional phase transformations in terms of shear may not always be counterproductive.
Adaptation of boundary elements to the dynamics of elastic solids

The method of boundary elements is adapted to the dynamics of elastic axisymmetric solids. Three scalar potentials are used, each satisfying the Helmholtz equation and each represented by its own source distribution. The sources are distributed over a surface enclosing the solid boundary. Stress or displacement conditions on the boundary are realized by third‐order derivatives of the potentials. Discrete ring elements on the source enclosure combine their influences at discrete ring elements on the solid boundary.
Mechanisms of autoimmune liver disease.

Several lines of evidence suggest that autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) are autoimmune diseases. Both diseases occur predominately in women, are associated with the presence of autoantibodies and other autoimmune disorders, and are characterized by histologic abnormalities that include prominent lymphocytic infiltrates at the site of liver injury. 9,26 Also, AIH and PBC have not been associated with a mode of transmission compatible with an infectious origin or with exposure to environmental agents that might trigger immunoallergic responses or direct hepatotoxicity. Despite recent advances in elucidating the identity and molecular structure of antigenic epitopes recognized by the autoantibodies present in patients with AIH or PBC, the precise cellular and humoral mechanisms responsible for initiating and propagating hepatocyte or bile duct epithelial cell injury in these diseases remain speculative. A major barrier to studying the pathogenesis of AIH or PBC is the lack of uniformly suitable animal models. For this reason, most insights into these diseases have been provided by observational and correlative studies performed in humans with these diseases. Nevertheless, recent advances in elucidating basic immune mechanisms and in delineating mechanisms responsible for liver diseases of known origin have provided a reasonable basis for identifying the mechanisms most likely to be responsible for the patterns of liver injury that evolve in patients with AIH or PBC.
Class of algebraically constructed permutations for use in pseudorandom interleavers

The author shows that Lempel-Costas (LC) arrays when treated as permutations possess ideal properties for use in pseudorandom interleavers. The basic theory of interleavers is reviewed and the necessary conditions imposed on permutations for successful operation of pseudorandom interleavers are given. Proof that LC arrays satisfy the conditions, and a comparison with randomly constructed permutations are given; it is shown that LC permutations perform better than randomly generated permutations.
Metaschemas for ER, ORM and UML Data Models: A Comparison

This paper provides metaschemas for some of the main database modeling notations used in industry. Two Entity Relationship (ER) notations (Information Engineering, and Barker) are examined in detail, as well as Object Role Modeling (ORM) conceptual schema diagrams. The discussion of optionality, cardinality and multiplicity is widened to include Unified Modeling Language (UML) class diagrams. Issues addressed in the metamodel analysis include the normalization impact of non-derived constraints on derived associations, the influence of orthogonality on language transparency, and trade-offs between simplicity and expressibility. To facilitate comparision, the same modeling notation is used to display each metaschema. For this purpose, ORM is used because of its greater expressibility and clarity.
Therapeutic Alliance and Treatment Progress in Couple Psychotherapy

This study examined the ability of the therapeutic alliance to predict treatment progress on individual- and relationship-level variables from the early to middle phase of couple treatment. Although alliance did not predict progress in individual functioning, it accounted for 5-22% of the variance in improvement in marital distress. Women's mid-treatment alliance uniquely predicted improvement in marital distress, over and above early treatment alliance. When men's alliances with the therapist were stronger than their partners' at session 8, couples showed more improvement in marital distress. Treatment response was also positively associated with women's ratings of their partners' alliance. Results confirm that the therapeutic alliance in conjoint treatment is composed of distinct client subsystems that are useful predictors of treatment progress.
Influence of nitric oxide derived from neuronal nitric oxide synthase on glomerular filtration.

The neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) has been localized to specific regions of the kidney, including the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle and the macula densa. Because of this discrete localization in the renal cortex, nitric oxide (NO) produced by nNOS has been suggested to play an important role in the regulation of macula densa-mediated arteriole tone and therefore could play an important role in the regulation of whole-kidney glomerular filtration rate (GFR). We hypothesized that selective blockade of nNOS would decrease GFR. Renal hemodynamics were measured before and after acute selective blockade of nNOS by 50 mg/kg 7-nitroindazole (7-NI) in anesthetized rats. Administration of 7-NI had no significant effect on basal blood pressure (from 105 ± 3 to 101 ± 2 mm Hg), renal blood flow [from 6.08 ± 0.39 to 6.31 ± 0.33 ml/min/gram of kidney weight (gkw)], or total renal vascular resistance (from 18.1 ± 1.6 to 16.4 ± 1.0 mm Hg/ml/min/gkw) but decreased GFR by 26% (from 1.36 ± 0.15 to 1.00 ± 0.13 ml/min/gkw; p < 0.02), urinary flow rate by 28% (from 24.7 ± 1.8 to 17.8 ± 2.2 μl/min; p < 0.05), and sodium excretion by 22% (from 5.55 ± 0.53 to 4.30 ± 0.52 μEq/min; p < 0.05). However, fractional sodium excretion was not changed by nNOS inhibition. There were no such changes in vehicle-treated time controls. We conclude that, in the renal cortex, NO produced by nNOS plays an important role in the regulation of whole-kidney GFR and excretion in normal, sodium-replete rats.
Development of a Parallel Actuation Approach for MR-Compatible Robotics

In recent years, the use of robotics to augment MRI diagnostic and interventional procedures has increased significantly. However, the demanding MRI environment precludes the use of most common actuation approaches. Alternative actuation concepts have been proposed but these solutions do not lend themselves to linear control structures. We present a new actuation method, using the motion of parallel ultrasonic motors combined through a differential mechanism, to address these limitations. Specifically, the approach eliminates the nonlinear velocity dead band and velocity reversal time delay characteristic of MR-compatible ultrasonic actuators. A prototype of this device is constructed and evaluated. Results demonstrate the viability of the proposed approach for linear position control and telerobotic applications.
Device for production of gas-free liquids or vapors

becomes laminar. The local and average Nusselt numbers 2. C. HWANG, P. J. KNIEPER and L. FAN, Heat transfer to obtained here for the case of high Hartmann numbers MHD flows in the thermal entrance region of a flat duct, should also describe the heat transfer of such a flow. Inr. J. Hear Mass Transfer 9, 773-789 (1966). 3. C. W. TAN and K. Sun, Forced convection heat transfer in fully developed laminar flow of a hydromagnetic fluid, ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation, Report
The Impact of an Advanced Certifying Examination Simulation Program on the American Board of Surgery Certifying Examination Passage Rates

Background The national pass rate for the American Board of Surgery Certifying Examination has decreased in the past 5 years. An individual's ability to pass might be as dependent on his or her handling of the psychology of the examination—the "examanship" —because it is about clinical knowledge and judgment. To assess this, we implemented the Advanced Certifying Examination Simulation (ACES) program. The ACES was created as a novel method to simulate the stress of the Certifying Examination and focuses on the examanship of the test. Study Design We compared the outcomes of the ACES program with its predecessor, a conventional mock oral program, as measured by residents' first-time pass rates on the Certifying Examination. First-time Certifying Examination pass rates of 26 residents who went through the ACES program were compared with 30 residents who completed the conventional mock oral program. Results There was a significant increase in passage rates for residents taking part in the ACES program (100%) compared with residents taking part in the conventional mock oral group (83.3%). The groups were equivalent based on previously determined predictive factors of Certifying Examination success, such as in-training and licensing examination scores. Conclusions The ACES program provides feedback on the qualities of examanship: controlling anxiety, expressing a positive attitude, and maintaining a strong and confident voice. By providing a structured, simulated venue where residents can safely gain experience, we believe that ACES might lead to increased first-time passage rates on the American Board of Surgery Certifying Examination.
Current issues in the diagnosis and management of blood culture-negative infective and non-infective endocarditis

Diagnosis and management of blood culture-negative endocarditis constitute a formidable clinical challenge and a systemic approach is necessary for a successful outcome. Blood cultures are negative in endocarditis due mainly to preceding antibiotic administration or to fastidious slow-growing organisms. Less so, non-infective endocarditis is a paraneoplastic manifestation or may occur in association with autoimmune diseases. When the clinical diagnosis is contemplated and cultures and serologies are negative, histologic and molecular examination of the removed valve tissue may confirm the diagnosis. Treatment with antibiotics is often warranted and valve replacement remains appropriate for patients with heart failure or irreversible structural damage.
Orientation-reversing actions on lens spaces and Gaussian integers

A finite group action on a lens space L(p,q) has "type OR" if it reverses orientation and has an invariant Heegaard torus whose sides are interchanged by the orientation-reversing elements. In this paper we enumerate the actions of type OR up to equivalence. This leads to a complete classification of geometric finite group actions on amphicheiral lens spaces L(p,q) with p>2. The family of actions of type OR is partially ordered by lifting actions via covering maps. We show that each connected component of this poset may be described in terms of a subset of the lattice of Gaussian integers ordered by divisibility. This results in a correspondence equating equivalence classes of actions of type OR with pairs of Gaussian integers.
Drift-tube studies of SF3+ and SF5+ ions in SF6 gas

Abstract Positive ion/molecule reactions in SF6 were studied in a static drift tube mass spectrometer using electron impact at 100 eV as the ion source. E/N (the ratio of electric field strength to gas number density) was typically varied from 70 to 650 × 10−17 V cm2 and the drift tube pressure was varied over the range 0.1–0.7 Torr. The most important processes were found to be and The rate constants for both reactions were measured over a range of center-of-mass kinetic energies from 0.05 to 0.45 eV. The data were found to fall well below the values predicted by the Langevin model. At 0.06 eV, the rate constants for reactions 1 and 2 were found to have values of 6 × 10−12 cm3 mol−1 s−1 and 3 × 10−13 cm3 mol−1 s−1 respectively. The zero-field reduced mobilities for SF3+ and SF5+ ions were determined to be 0.61 and 0.65 cm2 V−1 s−1 respectively.
On the preparation of optically active secondary alcohols from a 1,3-dioxan-4-one: Substitution with organocopper reagents

Abstract Organocopper reagents react with a chiral nonracemic 1,3-dioxan-4-one to afford substitution products with high diastereoselectivity. After treatment of the adducts with potassium t-butoxide, optically active secondary alcohols are obtained.
Catalysis: oxidizing water two ways.

Iridium complexes can show impressive homogeneous water-oxidation activity, but they can also act as precursors to heterogeneous catalysts. Understanding exactly what the catalytically active species is can be difficult, but now a technique has been applied that reveals the true nature of a catalyst, helping to remove this ambiguity.
Genetic Factors Influencing High Oleic Acid Content in Spanish Market-Type Peanut Cultivars

Increasing the ratio of oleic to linoleic acid (O/L) in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) significantly improves the nutritional and quality attributes of the crop. In currently grown cultivars, the O/L ratio ranges from 0.8 to 2.5. Variation in peanut for O/L ratio has been characterized, and the OIL ratio is digenically inherited at two loci designated as Ol 1 and Ol 2 . Previous research has been conducted with Virginia-and runner-type peanut; however, there have been no reports regarding the inheritance and allele frequency at these loci in Spanish-type peanut. The objectives of this study were to determine if the inheritance of the high oleate trait in Spanish-type peanut is similar to that previously reported and to determine the allelic composition of Spanish-type peanut at Ol 1 and Ol 2 . Six different Spanish-type peanut cultivars (low oleate) were hybridized with F435-2-2 (high oleate), F 2 and BC 1 F 1 progenies were evaluated for the O/L ratio. Segregation patterns indicated that high oleic acid content is digenically inherited in Spanish-type peanut, but there seems to be more allelic variation both within and among these cultivars. In addition, variation within the high and low oleate ratio classes indicated that other factors may he involved in determining the precise OIL ratio.
Gamma-tubulin is a centrosomal protein required for cell cycle-dependent microtubule nucleation.

γ-TUBULIN is a newly identified member of the tubulin family whose sequence is highly conserved from yeast to man. This minor microtubule protein is localized to the microtuble organizing centres1–3 and a mutation in the gene encoding it produces a microtubuleless mitotic arrest in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans4,5. Here we investigate the in vivo function of γ-tubulin in mammalian cells using a synthetic peptide to generate a polyclonal antibody that binds to a highly conserved segment of γ-tubulin. After microinjection into cultured mammalian cells, immunofluorescence localization revealed that this antibody binds to native centrosomes at all phases of the cell cycle. In the presence of the γ-tubulin antibody, microtubules fail to regrow into cytoplasmic arrays after depolymerization induced by nocodazole or cold. Furthermore, cells injected immediately before or during mitosis fail to assemble a functional spindle. Thus in vivo γ-tubulin is required for microtubule nucleation throughout the mammalian cell cycle.
Glycale in der organischen Synthese: die Entwicklung umfassender Strategien zum Aufbau von Oligosacchariden und Glycokonjugaten mit biologischer Bedeutung

Der vorliegende Aufsatz ist ein personlicher Uberblick uber die Forschungsaktivitaten einer einzelnen Arbeitsgruppe zum Aufbau von Oligosacchariden und Glycokonjugaten. Diese Forschung begann vor zwanzig Jahren mit der Untersuchung von Diels-Alder-Reaktionen mit komplexen Dienen. Durch Ausweitung auf aldehydartige Heterodienophil-Aquivalente wurde ein Zugang zu nichtnaturlichen Glycalen gefunden (LACDAC-Reaktion). Diese Entdeckung war der Ausloser fur eine umfassende Untersuchung uber die Verwendung von Glycalen zur Synthese von Oligosacchariden und anderen Glycokonjugaten. Die Nutzung von Glycalen als Glycosyldonoren und als Glycosylacceptoren fuhrte zur Strategie der Verknupfung von Glycalen, deren Anwendbarkeit durch die Entwicklung von mehreren neuen Glycosylierungsverfahren verbessert wurde. Es zeigte sich, das auf Glycalen basierende Reaktionen gut als Festphasensynthesen durchgefuhrt werden konnen. Ferner ist das Prinzip des Glycalzusammenbaus – sowohl in Losung als auch am festen Trager – dazu verwendet worden, einen relativ kurzen und effizienten Zugang zu einer Vielzahl von biologisch interessanten und moglicherweise wertvollen Verbindungen zu eroffnen. Einige dieser Synthesen, besonders solche auf dem Gebiet der Tumor-Antigene, haben zu neuartigen Verbindungen gefuhrt, die sich derzeit in einem fortgeschrittenen Stadium vorklinischer Untersuchung befinden. Dieser Aufsatz gibt einen ausfuhrlichen Uberblick uber die chemischen Aspekte dieser Projekte.