cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Peridynamics for fatigue life and residual strength prediction of composite laminates

Abstract This study presents an application of peridynamics to predict damage initiation and growth in fiber reinforced composites under cyclic loading. The fatigue model utilizes standard S-N fatigue data for a lamina along with the critical energy release rate values. The fidelity of this model is established by simulating the tests conducted by the Air Force Research Laboratory under the Tech Scout Project. As part of this project, the AFRL tested open-hole composite laminates made of IM7/977-3 for three different layups under cyclic loads for strength and failure progression. The peridynamic predictions agree with the reduction in stiffness and strength as a function of number of load cycles. Also, the progressive damage predictions capture the general characteristics of the experimentally observed damage patterns.
Direct arylation catalysis with chloro[8-(dimesitylboryl)quinoline-κN]copper(I).

We report direct arylation of arylhalides with unactivated sp2 C–H bonds in benzene and naphthalene using a copper(I) catalyst featuring an ambiphilic ligand, (quinolin-8-yl)dimesitylborane. Direct arylation could be achieved with 0.2 mol % catalyst and 3 equivalents of base (KO(t-Bu)) at 80 °C to afford TON ≈160–190 over 40 hours.
miRmine: a database of human miRNA expression profiles.

Motivation MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. In this high-throughput sequencing era, a tremendous amount of RNA-seq data is accumulating, and full utilization of publicly available miRNA data is an important challenge. These data are useful to determine expression values for each miRNA, but quantification pipelines are in a primitive stage and still evolving; there are many factors that affect expression values significantly. Results We used 304 high-quality microRNA sequencing (miRNA-seq) datasets from NCBI-SRA and calculated expression profiles for different tissues and cell-lines. In each miRNA-seq dataset, we found an average of more than 500 miRNAs with higher than 5x coverage, and we explored the top five highly expressed miRNAs in each tissue and cell-line. This user-friendly miRmine database has options to retrieve expression profiles of single or multiple miRNAs for a specific tissue or cell-line, either normal or with disease information. Results can be displayed in multiple interactive, graphical and downloadable formats. Availability and implementation http://guanlab.ccmb.med.umich.edu/mirmine. Contact bharatpa@umich.edu. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Genetic heterogeneity among slow acetylator N -acetyltransferase 2 phenotypes in cryopreserved human hepatocytes

Genetic polymorphisms in human N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) modify the metabolism of numerous drugs and carcinogens. These genetic polymorphisms modify both drug efficacy and toxicity and cancer risk associated with carcinogen exposure. Previous studies have suggested phenotypic heterogeneity among different NAT2 slow acetylator genotypes. NAT2 phenotype was investigated in vitro and in situ in samples of human hepatocytes obtained from various NAT2 slow and intermediate NAT2 acetylator genotypes. NAT2 gene dose response (NAT2*5B/*5B > NAT2*5B/*6A > NAT2*6A/*6A) was observed towards the N-acetylation of the NAT2-specific drug sulfamethazine by human hepatocytes both in vitro and in situ. N-acetylation of 4-aminobiphenyl, an arylamine carcinogen substrate for both N-acetyltransferase 1 and NAT2, showed the same trend both in vitro and in situ although the differences were not significant (p > 0.05). The N-acetylation of the N-acetyltransferase 1-specific substrate p-aminobenzoic acid did not follow this trend. In comparisons of NAT2 intermediate acetylator genotypes, differences in N-acetylation between NAT2*4/*5B and NAT2*4/*6B hepatocytes were not observed in vitro or in situ towards any of these substrates. These results further support phenotypic heterogeneity among NAT2 slow acetylator genotypes, consistent with differential risks of drug failure or toxicity and cancer associated with carcinogen exposure.
Garnet: A Rock-Forming Mineral Petrochronometer

Garnet could be the ultimate petrochronometer. Not only can you date it directly (with an accuracy and precision that may surprise some), but it is also a common rock-forming and porphyroblast-forming mineral, with wide ranging—yet thermodynamically well understood—solid solution that provides direct and quantitative petrologic context. While accessory phase petrochronology is based largely upon establishing links to the growth or breakdown of key rock-forming pressure–temperature–composition ( P–T–X ) indicators (e.g., Rubatto 2002; Williams et al. 2007), garnet is one of those key indicator minerals. Garnet occurs in a great variety of rock types (see Baxter et al. 2013) and is frequently zoned (texturally, chemically) meaning that it contains more than just a snapshot of metamorphic conditions, but rather a semi-continuous history of evolving tectonometamorphic conditions during its often prolonged growth. In this way, garnet and its growth zonation have been likened to dendrochronology: garnet as the tree rings of evolving tectonometamorphic conditions (e.g., Pollington and Baxter 2010). In some ways, the dream of ‘petrochronology’ all started with garnet (Fig. 1). When Atherton and Edmunds (1965) or Hollister (1966) recognized the chemical zonation in garnet, when Rosenfeld (1968) noted the spiral ‘snowball’ of inclusions in rotated garnet, or when Tracy et al. (1976) drew the first 2-D map of garnet chemical zonation, illuminating those ‘tree-rings’ for the first time, they could only imagine what is now a reality decades later—direct zoned garnet geochronology of those concentric rings of growth. Geoscientists soon thereafter attempted the first garnet geochronology (van Breemen and Hawkesworth 1980), though several factors severely limited the development and wider-spread use of garnet geochronology from that point. These factors included 1) contamination of garnet by micro-mineral inclusions, 2) analytical limitations of small sample size, 3) the requirement of anchoring a garnet age analysis with another point on an isochron, and …
Impact of Structural Plasticity on Memory Formation and Decline

Abstract This chapter discusses possible functions of structural plasticity for memory formation that follow from simulating and analyzing simple Willshaw- or Hopfield-type network models realizing Hebbian cell assemblies. According to such models, structural plasticity can increase storage efficiency in sparsely connected networks by a factor of at least the inverse filling fraction (of realized potential synapses) or even several orders of magnitude for sparse neural activity as measured experimentally in memory-related cortical areas. A second important function of structural plasticity may be to increase stability of long-term memories by balancing between stability and plasticity and, thus, preventing catastrophic forgetting. Together with the analysis of storage efficiency, this suggests a novel model for efficient memory storage by structural plasticity forming cell assemblies that increase their connectivity and activity but decrease their size. This suggests a role of structural plasticity for sharpening of neural activity as observed experimentally during learning and consolidation. Moreover, structural plasticity can explain several memory phenomena such as the spacing effect or retrograde amnesia much better than alternative models that are solely based on weight plasticity.
Does Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Accurately Estimate the Physiological Condition of Threatened and Endangered Desert Fish Species

AbstractBioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a nonlethal tool with which to estimate the physiological condition of animals that has potential value in research on endangered species. However, the effectiveness of BIA varies by species, the methodology continues to be refined, and incidental mortality rates are unknown. Under laboratory conditions we tested the value of using BIA in addition to morphological measurements such as total length and wet mass to estimate proximate composition (lipid, protein, ash, water, dry mass, energy density) in the endangered Humpback Chub Gila cypha and Bonytail G. elegans and the species of concern Roundtail Chub G. robusta and conducted separate trials to estimate the mortality rates of these sensitive species. Although Humpback and Roundtail Chub exhibited no or low mortality in response to taking BIA measurements versus handling for length and wet-mass measurements, Bonytails exhibited 14% and 47% mortality in the BIA and handling experiments, respectively, indi...
A comparison between Philips and Tomtec for left ventricular deformation and volume measurements in neonatal intensive care patients.

BACKGROUND Two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography is an emerging technique for analyzing cardiac function in newborns. Strain is a highly reliable and reproducible parameter, and reference values have been established for term and preterm newborns. Its implementation into clinical practice has been slow, partly due to lack of inter-vendor consistency. Our aim was to compare recent versions of Philips and Tomtec speckle tracking software for deformation and semiautomated volume and area measurements in neonatal intensive care patients. METHODS AND RESULTS Longitudinal and circumferential deformation and cavity dimensions (volume, area) were determined off line from apical and short-axis images in 50 consecutive newborns with a median birthweight of 760 g (range 460-3200 g). Absolute mean endocardial global longitudinal strain measurements were similar between vendors, but with wide limits of agreement (Philips -18.9 [2.1]%, Tomtec -18.6 [2.5]%, bias -0.3 [1.7]%, and limits of agreement -3.6%-3.1%). Longitudinal strain rate and circumferential measurements showed poor correlation. All volume and area measurements correlated well between the vendors, but with significant bias. CONCLUSION Global longitudinal strain measurements compared well between vendors but wide limits of agreement, suggesting that longitudinal measurements are preferred using similar hardware and software.
Response to R-CHOP in HPV-related squamous cell carcinoma of base of tongue: a case report

Synchronous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma is a rare clinical scenario. It is unknown whether the R-CHOP chemotherapy for lymphoma would also be active against HNSCC. Herein, we present such a case and a review of the literature. A 64 year-old female presented with painless jaundice. CT demonstrated a retroperitoneal mass and pathology showed follicular lymphoma. A base-of-tongue HPV+ squamous cell carcinoma was found incidentally on staging CT. R-CHOP chemotherapy was initiated. After 3 cycles of R-CHOP the lymphoma had a complete metabolic response and, unexpectedly, the HNSCC also demonstrated excellent response. The patient received another 3 cycles followed by radiation to the HNSCC and to date is in remission for both cancers. This case highlights the exquisite sensitivity of HPV-related HNSCC, which should be taken into consideration in treatment prioritization of a concurrent diagnosis of a second cancer.
Structure-Activity Relationships of Diphenyl Ethers and Other Oxygen-Bridged Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase Inhibitors

The first commercial inhibitors of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (Protox) were diphenyl ether (DPE) molecules (Matsunaka 1976; see Chapter 1). Nitrofen was introduced in the early 1960s and was followed by several other, more potent Protox inhibitors (Dayan and Duke 1996, 1997). The molecular site of action of this class of herbicides was unknown until 1989 (Matringe et al. 1989). Thus, all quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) studies conducted before this time were done solely on the correlation of structure with biological activity in intact tissues (e.g., Lambert et al. 1983). In some of these studies, the “activity” portion of the QSAR study may not have been completely or even at all associated with Protox inhibition, in that diphenyl ether compounds have several other potential secondary sites of action (Kunert et al. 1987). In 1992, we published the first QSAR study of DPE herbicides in which inhibition of Protox was correlated with molecular parameters (Nandihalli et al. 1992). This earlier work and subsequent published work on the QSAR of Protox inhibitors have largely been performed at a two dimensional level (Nandihalli and Duke 1994; Reddy et al. 1995). This chapter reviews this previous work and extends QSAR studies with DPEs to three-dimensional descriptors that more precisely describe the requisites for activity of Protox inhibitors at the molecular level. The scope of this chapter will be limited to the Protoxinhibiting herbicides that are bicyclic molecules connected by an oxygen bridge, although several second generation Protox inhibitors have been developed on non-bridged bicyclic structures (e.g., phenyl triazolinones, isoxazole carboxamides and phenyl imides). The QSAR analysis of several classes of first and second generation Protox inhibitors has recently been reviewed by Reddy et al. (1997).
Dispersion of Particulates in the Ocean Studied Acoustically: The Importance of Gradient Surfaces in the Ocean

Knowledge of the rate of dispersion of particulate matter dumped in the upper ocean and of the processes governing that dispersion is fundamental to an understanding of the effects of dumping on the ocean environment. Accurate chemical dilution rates of dumped material cannot be determined without a knowledge of the spacial distribution of ocean dumped material and the way in which that distribution changes with time. Acoustical methods offer one approach to studying ocean dispersion of dumped material. Acoustical results presented herein show some of the complicated effects which gradients in oceanic parameters, such as temperature and density, produce in the dispersion of particulate matter dumped in the ocean.
ANALYSIS OF THE AMERICAN INDIAN DENTITION

Publisher Summary This chapter presents an analysis of the American Indian dentition on the evolutionary and functional basis, following the consideration of its morphology and comparative aspects. Many elements of form and size in the American Indian dentition suggest the existence of some selective evolutionary advantage. It also appears that certain attributes have not necessarily been incidental acquisitions in the process of drift peculiar to the individuals of a particular geographic area. Pursuit of this problem includes inquiry into the environmental complex, the evidences of function in the teeth, the structural potentials of the teeth, and ideas relating to survival of an organism. The dentition of the American Indian is not a homogeneous representation of a homogeneous people. Subsequently, a comparison of measurements and traits of the teeth between several Indian tribes and with other ethnic and geographic groups provides some perspective of the Indian dentition. Size of the teeth is quite basic and gives a means of description of some importance. The means of the Indian groups vary widely but none as much as two standard deviations. The standard errors of the means set them off quite firmly. The American Indians display markedly stronger tooth and a larger unit of functional capacity. Also, Carabelli's cusp plays little part in the American Indian dentition.
Effective Writing Instruction for Diverse Learners

This article suggests that many “writing disabilities” may derive from too little time allocated to writing instruction or from writing instruction inadequately designed around the learning needs o...
A nationwide survey of 31 organophosphate esters in sewage sludge from the United States

Abstract Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are used as flame retardants and plasticizers in a wide range of consumer products. Nevertheless, studies on the occurrence and inventory of OPEs in sewage sludge are limited. In this study, 20 OP triesters and 11 diesters were measured in 75 archived sewage sludge samples collected from 67 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) across the United States (US). The median concentrations of ∑20OP-triesters and ∑11OP-diesters in sludge were 1290 and 78.4 ng/g dry weight (dw), respectively. Sludge samples originating from the Western and Northeastern US contained higher concentrations of OP triesters than did those from the Midwestern and Southern US. Sludge samples from WWTPs with larger treatment capacity (>38 million liters per day) contained higher concentrations of OP diesters (p
Effects of statin and antiplatelet therapy noncompliance and intolerance on patient outcomes following vascular surgery

Abstract Objective Prior studies have evaluated the effects of statin and antiplatelet agent (APA) medications on patients with peripheral arterial disease. Although the benefits of statin and APA use are well-described, there is a paucity of research into the specific outcomes of patients who are not compliant or those who are unable to take the medication owing to intolerance. Here we examine the outcomes of patients intolerant to statin and APA and compare them with patients who are compliant or noncompliant with these therapies. Methods Patients treated from 2005 to 2018 in the Vascular Quality Initiative registry were included. Patients with missing data or deaths within 30 days of procedure were removed. Patients were considered noncompliant if they were previously prescribed a medication at discharge but were not taking it at 1-year follow-up or if the patient was reported to be noncompliant in the registry. Medication intolerance was defined if listed as “no, for medical reasons,” and mortality data were ascertained using the Social Security Death Index, which is regularly cross-referenced to the Vascular Quality Initiative registry. Results We identified 105,628 patients who met our inclusion criteria. Statin intolerance was noted in 2.3% at discharge and 2.1% at the 1-year follow-up, with 0.7% listed as intolerant at all stages. Factors associated with increased risk of intolerance to statins included female gender (P = .001), discharge APA intolerance (P = .004), insurance status (non-U.S. insurance) (P Conclusions Patients not taking statin and APA medications have a substantially decreased 5-year survival irrespective of the reason for not taking. Importantly, patients noted to be intolerant have a similar survival curve as noncompliant patients across all registry cohorts. Intolerant patients may benefit from attempts to alter statin dose, type (hydrophilic vs lipophilic), or from newer agents such as PCSK9 inhibitors.
An object pattern for computer user interface systems

As the real-time embedded systems become more complex, the advantages of using object-oriented analysis (OOA) in software development becomes more apparent. Since the learning curve of OOA is relatively long and OOA is still more a creative work than an engineering routine, it is desirable to capture the common features of a set of problems in such away that they can be reused as is or easily replaced as necessary. In this paper, a message pattern, which is applicable to many computer user interface systems, is proposed. The process of using the message pattern to model the system is also described. The message pattern and the associated development process have four advantages. (1) It separates the system requirement into passive data objects and the active program control objects. This separation enables the quick development and easy modification of OOA model according to the given specification. (2) The approach is systematic and can be scaled up to large systems. (3) It represents the information explicitly so that it is easier for the OOA model compiler to generate efficient code. (4) It is easy to learn and apply since it provides detailed steps for model development. The application of the message pattern is demonstrated through a voice-controlled telephone dialing system.
Variational Geometric Approach to Generalized Differential and Conjugate Calculi in Convex Analysis

This paper develops a geometric approach of variational analysis for the case of convex objects considered in locally convex topological spaces and also in Banach space settings. Besides deriving in this way new results of convex calculus, we present an overview of some known achievements with their unified and simplified proofs based on the developed geometric variational schemes.
Temperature tolerance and oxygen consumption of two South American tetras, Paracheirodon innessi and Hyphessobrycon herbertaxelrodi.

Abstract Temperature is a primary factor affecting species’ ability to thrive in a particular ecological niche, but thermal conditions have changed dramatically in recent decades. Fishes shift their thermal tolerance range with a maximum and minimum temperature correlated to their recent thermal acclimation history, and species can show a reduced temperature quotient (Q10) following chronic thermal acclimation. Neon tetra (Paracheirodon innesi) and Black Neon tetra (Hyphessobrycon herbertaxelrodi) are popular hobbyist aquarium fishes, and both species are examples of freshwater teleosts native to South American river systems that are potentially affected by changing thermal conditions. We acclimated these species to three different constant temperatures (26 °C, 29 °C, and 31 °C) for 15.4 ± 2.1 days, then measured acute critical thermal maxima (CTMax) and acute oxygen consumption rate (Ṁ o 2) at each acclimation temperature. We also estimated chronic lethal thermal maximum (CLT) for both species following a 2-week acclimation to 30.4 °C. Mean CTMax of both species were found to increase with acclimation temperature from 38.5 to 39.6 °C for Neon tetra and from 39.5 to 41.0 °C for Black Neon tetra, gaining 0.24 (Neon tetra) or 0.29 °C (Black Neon tetra) of tolerance per 1 °C of acclimation. However, Black Neon tetra demonstrated consistently higher CTMax (1.0–1.4 °C). CLT was lower for Neon tetra (33.5 °C), compared to Black Neon tetra (35.9 °C). Mean Ṁ o 2 were statistically similar across acclimation temperatures within species; Q10 between 26-31 °C were 1.92 and 1.22 for Neon and Black Neon tetra, respectively. Neon and Black Neon tetras physiologically acclimated to changing thermal demands, and although they demonstrate robust CTMax responses, CLT responses indicated both species are unable to survive temperatures 4–5 °C above current average natural values. The demonstrated metabolic plasticity and CTMax values provide a moderate cushion for both species to combat changing temperatures due to climate change, but CLT values suggest vulnerability to projected climate trends.
The dual advanced ion simultaneous implantation experiment (DAISIE) for testing plasma-facing materials

A new dual ion beam experimental facility, the Dual Advanced Ion Simultaneous Implantation Experiment (DAISIE), has been constructed at the University of Wisconsin-Madison Inertial Electrostatic Confinement laboratory for implanting candidate plasma-facing components of multiple ion species. DAISIE is capable of implanting ions at energies from 10 kV to 50 kV, ion currents of 10 µA–950 µA, corresponding to steady-state ion fluxes of 1 × 1014 cm−2 s−1 to 1 × 1016 cm−2 s−1, incidence angles of 55°, and surface temperatures of at least 1100 °C. Improvements to the sample current and sample temperature measurement and control systems over those used in prior UW-IEC experiments have been made. Optical measurements of the spot size of the beam on samples in DAISIE are in agreement with existing measurements of the ion beam and spot size in previous UW-IEC experiments. Dual-beam operation has been confirmed with helium-deuterium ion implantations in tungsten surfaces.
Diabetes in pregnancy.

Pregnancy is a unique metabolic state with respect to fuel-hormone relationships in which the mother has to provide substrate and fuels not only for her own energy needs but also for the metabolic needs of the conceptus. As pregnancy advances, the increasing demands of the growing conceptus on the maternal organism result in several adaptive changes in maternal metabolism, which allow for the maintenance of a continouus supply of fuels for both maternal and fetal energy requirements. When a disease process such as diabetes mellitus interferes with the normal maternal adaptive metabolic changes, a number of abnormalities may be seen in the fetus and the newborn, including altered growth rates, energy storage, and altered biochemical and functional maturation. Indeed, this is the case in the infant of the imperfectly controlled diabetic mother (IDM). Here, unless placental insufficiency, a potential secondary complication, has intervened, the infant may exhibit the effects of diminished functional maturation, of increased growth rates, and of rapid energy storage during fetal life. Such an infant is usually large and obese and has deposited a surfeit of glycogen and triglyceride in the liver, adipose tissue, and other organs. After delivery, with separation from his maternal nutrient supply, the IDM in spite of a surfeit of glycogen and triglyceride is unable to mobilize sufficient fuels to meet its energy requirements. The aberrations in maternal metabolism resulting from the diabetes mellitus, as well as the secondary morphologic and physiological aberrations in the fetus, result in an increase in perinatal morbidity and mortality.
Mitigation of Venous Thromboembolism Risk through Favorable Lifestyle: The ARIC Study

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common disease with a strong genetic basis. Unhealthy lifestyle factors contribute to risk, but it is unknown whether healthier lifestyle can mitigate the risk for VTE in those at high genetic risk. We studied whether greater adherence to the American Heart Association's (AHA's) cardiovascular health metric called Life's Simple 7 (LS7) is associated with a lower rate of VTE in individuals with high genetic risk score (GRS) for VTE. Methods: We followed 9,026 middle-aged white participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study, a prospective cohort of 15,792 individuals enrolled in 1987-89. A validated GRS was used, comprising 5 well known genetic conditions associated with VTE (factor V Leiden, prothrombin 20210A, non-O blood group, factor XI rs4241824, and fibrinogen gamma FGG rs2066865). Only white participants were included, as the GRS did not predict VTE in others. AHA's LS7 categories of inadequate, average, and optimal health were determined based on smoking status, body mass index, physical activity, diet, total cholesterol, blood pressure, and fasting glucose. VTE events were adjudicated by expert medical record review. We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of incident VTE by LS7 categories, stratified by GRS (low, intermediate, high), adjusting for age, sex, and education. HRs were also calculated for individual LS7 components stratified by GRS. Results: There were 466 incident VTE over 22.8 years of follow-up. Compared to those with optimal health, those with inadequate LS7 score had higher rates of VTE (5.7% vs. 3.9%). In Figure 1, compared to the high GRS / inadequate LS7 group, the HR of VTE in the low GRS group with optimal health was lowest at 0.39 (95% CI 0.25-0.61), but moreover, the HR in the high GRS group with optimal health was also attenuated to 0.65 (95% CI 0.48-0.89). The pattern of association was similar for provoked and unprovoked VTE. Of the LS7 components, obesity was most strongly related to VTE. In Figure 2, compared to obese / high GRS participants, the HR of VTE with normal weight / low GRS was 0.36 (95% CI 0.23-0.57), while the HR in high GRS / normal weight participants was reduced by 45%, at 0.55 (95% CI 0.4-0.76). Conclusion: Among all participants, even those at high genetic risk, healthier lifestyle factors, particularly obesity, were associated with decreased incidence of VTE. Further studies should determine the impact of lifestyle change among patients at high genetic risk of VTE, such as in thrombophilic families. Download : Download high-res image (184KB) Download : Download full-size image Disclosures Heckbert: National Institutes of Health: Other: Grants.
Repetitive Negative Thinking, Temperament, and Adverse Impact in Adults Who Stutter

Purpose Prior research has explored how repetitive negative thinking (RNT) contributes to both the increased persistence and severity of various disorders, such as depression, anxiety, and eating disorders. This study explored the potential role of RNT in the experience of stuttering, with a particular focus on the relationship between RNT, adverse impact, and certain temperament profiles. Method Three hundred thirteen adults who stutter completed a measurement of the frequency/severity of RNT (Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire; Ehring et al., 2011), 207 completed a temperament profile (Adult Temperament Questionnaire; Evans & Rothbart, 2007), and 205 completed a measurement of adverse stuttering impact (Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering; Yaruss & Quesal, 2016). Analyses were conducted within and across instruments to ascertain how RNT, temperament markers, and adverse impact interrelate within individuals. Results Results indicated that RNT significantly predicts Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering impact scores with great effect and that certain temperament markers (specifically, Effortful Control and Negative Affectivity) moderate this relationship for specific sections of the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering. Conclusion By assessing RNT in people who stutter, clinicians can better understand individual differences in their clients, and this will allow them to make targeted diagnoses and develop more tailored intervention plans.
ATRAUMATIC AORTIC VALVE COMMISSURAL AVULSION CAUSING ACUTE SEVERE AORTIC REGURGITATION: CHALLENGES WITH NONINVASIVE IMAGING

Aortic valve commissural avulsion (CA) is a rare cause of aortic regurgitation (AR), usually related to infectious endocarditis, aortic dissection, or chest wall trauma. Spontaneous avulsion is seldom described. A 58 year-old man with history of polysubstance abuse presented to our emergency room
Chronic condition patterns in the US population and their association with health related quality of life.

Abstract This study aims to identify chronic disease patterns and their relationship to health-related quality of life (HRQL) in the US population. This cross-sectional study used data from 86,745 participants aged 18 years and older of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) 2010–2015, we employed latent class analysis (LCA) to identify subgroups of participants with different combinations of 23 chronic conditions which had medical utilization during the past 12 months. Derived chronic condition latent classes were used to predict the 12-Item Short Form Survey physical component score (PCS), mental component score (MCS) in addition to overall HRQL (SF-6D) while controlling for covariates. LCA identified five unique multi-morbidity groups: “healthy” (62.5%), “vascular risk” (18.9%), “anxiety” (12.2%), “heart disease” (2.9%), and “severely-impaired” (3.5%). Covariate-adjusted mean SF-6D scores varied significantly among classes: healthy (0.85), vascular risk (0.77), anxiety (0.67), heart disease group (0.65), and severely-impaired (0.56). The anxiety group, proportionately younger and female, had high PCS (46.3) but low MCS (41.9). The heart disease group, although older and in poor physical health (PCS = 33.2), had higher MCS scores (46.9). Our results demonstrate multi-morbidity significantly impacts HRQL. The relationship between physical and mental health functioning varied across different multi-morbidity groups, and the discordance was more pronounced in younger ages and females. Our research also identified an older age group that was mentally robust and maintained a strong HRQL. Findings can inform the development of targeted interventions to improve physical and mental health functioning in vulnerable populations.
T T ̄, the entanglement wedge cross section, and the breakdown of the split property

We consider fine-grained probes of the entanglement structure of two dimensional conformal field theories deformed by the irrelevant double-trace operator $T\bar{T}$ and its closely related but nonetheless distinct single-trace counterpart. For holographic conformal field theories, these deformations can be interpreted as modifications of bulk physics in the ultraviolet region of anti-de Sitter space. Consequently, we can use the Ryu-Takayanagi formula and its generalizations to mixed state entanglement measures to test highly nontrivial consistency conditions. In general, the agreement between bulk and boundary quantities requires the equivalence of partition functions on manifolds of arbitrary genus. For the single-trace deformation, which is dual to an asymptotically linear dilaton geometry, we find that the mutual information and reflected entropy diverge for disjoint intervals when the separation distance approaches a minimum, finite value that depends solely on the deformation parameter. This implies that the mutual information fails to serve as a geometric regulator which is related to the breakdown of the split property at the inverse Hagedorn temperature. In contrast, for the double-trace deformation, which is dual to anti-de Sitter space with a finite radial cutoff, we find all divergences to disappear including the standard quantum field theory ultraviolet divergence that is generically seen as disjoint intervals become adjacent. We furthermore compute reflected entropy in conformal perturbation theory. While we find formally similar behavior between bulk and boundary computations, we find quantitatively distinct results. We comment on the interpretation of these disagreements and the physics that must be altered to restore consistency. We also briefly discuss the $T{\bar J}$ and $J{\bar T}$ deformations.
Chronic Corticosterone Pretreatment Reverses Psilocybin’s Effects on Mouse Anxious and Hedonic Behaviors

Abstract Psilocybin has shown positive preliminary signals in small-scale clinical trials for psychiatric disorders that exhibit maladaptive stress responses as a major component of their presentation. However, there are relatively few assessments of whether an acute administration of psilocybin exhibits reproducible effects in rodent models useful for the study of stress-associated psychiatric disorders. Here, we measured the responses of male C57BL/6J mice to this compound in a battery of relevant behavioral tests. These tests included the open-field test, forced swim test, sucrose preference test, and novelty suppressed feeding test. Furthermore, these tests were presented in either the absence or presence of chronic corticosterone administration, as a chemically induced model of ongoing stress burden. Our results indicate that the effects of psilocybin within these tests are dependent on the chronic hormonal stress burden of the mice: psilocybin alone promotes anxiolytic and hedonic responses, but promotes anxiogenic and anhedonic responses when pre-treated with chronic corticosterone. This identified interaction between stress hormone burden and psilocybin behavioral effects in mice suggests the possibility of further developing rodent behavioral models that can assess additional context-dependent effects of psychedelic administration that are deemed clinically-relevant, but are otherwise difficult to control for, in human studies.
Applying positive psychology to foster student engagement and classroom community amid the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond

Positive psychology is the study of well-being, which includes 5 essential elements-positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment (PERMA) Applying positive psychology teaching strategies can therefore foster student engagement and classroom community, especially in an online modality and during the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in which social connections are more important and yet harder to establish than ever The aims of this teacher-ready theory review are to (a) briefly review the PERMA model and its research and application in education, (b) describe my implementation of three positive psychology teaching strategies-strengths identification and application, growth mindset, and gratitude exercises-during the pandemic, as well as their effects based on my observation and student feedback, and (c) offer practical considerations, including some caveats, for instructors to attend to when implementing these strategies in any courses at any time albeit particularly helpful in the face of adversity Finally, I conclude this article with some tips of being a positive teacher and some of my reflections teaching during the pandemic in the hope of "flattening the emotional distress curve " (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)
Una hacienda local pobre: ¿qué explica la recaudación predial en México?

This article analyzes the main determinants of property tax collection in Mexico from 1990 to 2010. Through a statistical study, based on data at the municipal level, the main hypotheses suggested by the literature are examined to understand collection levels. In other words, the explanatory capacity of economic, political, and administrative factors is evaluated. On the one hand, the article analyzes the way both the socioeconomic variables of the municipality, and the amount of transfers they receive, influence tax collection. In addition, on the other, it analyzes whether the institutional capacity of the municipality and the level of political competition influence the amount collected from property. The findings indicate that municipalities facing the greatest electoral competition tend not to increase property tax collection; that the institutional capacity of treasuries and land registers is also an influential factor; and that the richer and more urban the municipality, the more it collects. Finally, it is found that intergovernmental fiscal transfers have not discouraged property tax collection.
High-Order Multirate Explicit Time-Stepping Schemes for the Baroclinic-Barotropic Split Dynamics in Primitive Equations.

In order to treat the multiple time scales of ocean dynamics in an efficient manner, the baroclinic-barotropic splitting technique has been widely used for solving the primitive equations for ocean modeling. In this paper, we propose second and third-order multirate explicit time-stepping schemes for such split systems based on the strong stability-preserving Runge-Kutta (SSPRK) framework. Our method allows for a large time step to be used for advancing the three-dimensional (slow) baroclinic mode and a small time step for the two-dimensional (fast) barotropic mode, so that each of the two mode solves only need satisfy their respective CFL condition to maintain numerical stability. It is well known that the SSPRK method achieves high-order temporal accuracy by utilizing a convex combination of forward-Euler steps. At each time step of our method, the baroclinic velocity is first computed by using the SSPRK scheme to advance the baroclinic-barotropic system with the large time step, then the barotropic velocity is specially corrected by using the same SSPRK scheme with the small time step to advance the barotropic subsystem with a barotropic forcing interpolated based on values from the preceding baroclinic solves. Finally, the fluid thickness and the sea surface height perturbation is updated by coupling the predicted baroclinic and barotropic velocities. Temporal truncation error analyses are also carried out for the proposed schemes. Two benchmark tests drawn from the -MPAS-Ocean" platform are used to numerically demonstrate the accuracy and parallel performance of the proposed schemes.
On Efficiency and Predictability of the Dynamics of Discrete-Time Boolean Networks

We discuss possible interpretations of “(in)efficient” and “(un)predictable” systems when those concepts are applied to discrete networks and their dynamics. We are interested in computational notions of the network dynamics’ predictability and efficiency. Deterministic discrete network’s dynamics is efficient if it settles fairly quickly into an appropriate stationary pattern; that is, efficiency is essentially synonymous with a short transient chain until a stationary system state is reached. An inefficient dynamical system, then, is one that takes a long time to converge to a stationary behavior. The issue of (in)efficiency is related to, but different from, that of the network dynamics’ (un)predictability. We call dynamics predictable, if the “ultimate destiny” (i.e., convergence to a stationary behavior) can be efficiently determined or predicted, without performing a step-by-step simulation of the network's dynamics—unless such simulation itself can be done efficiently. For discrete systems with finite configuration spaces, all properties of their dynamics are decidable; however, for non-trivial network sizes, various properties may or may not be possible to predict within reasonable computational resources. In that context, we discuss how computational complexity of reachability problems and enumeration problems about several classes of cellular and network automata relate to whether those networks’ dynamics are predictable. We then discuss some examples of cellular automata and other Boolean networks whose dynamics are (i) both predictable and efficient, (ii) efficient but unpredictable, (iii) predictable yet inefficient, and finally (iv) both unpredictable and inefficient. In particular, we briefly overview several classes of Boolean networks that fall into the categories (i), (ii) and (iv).
Immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis: 2012 update on diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment

Disease Overview: Immunoglobulin (Ig) light chain amyloidosis is a clonal but nonproliferative plasma cell disorder in which fragments of an Ig light chain are deposited in tissues. The clinical features depend on the organs involved but can include restrictive cardiomyopathy, nephrotic syndrome, hepatic failure, and peripheral/autonomic neuropathy. Diagnosis: Tissue biopsy stained with Congo red demonstrating amyloid deposits with apple-green birefringence is required for diagnosis. Invasive organ biopsy is not required because amyloid deposits can be found in bone marrow biopsy or subcutaneous fat aspirate in 85% of patients. Prognosis: N-terminal pro–brain natriuretic peptide and serum troponin T values are used to classify patients into three groups of approximately equal size; median survivals are 26.4, 10.5, and 3.5 months, respectively. Therapy: All patients with a visceral amyloid syndrome require therapy to prevent deposition of amyloid in other viscera and to prevent progressive organ failure of involved sites. Stem cell transplant (SCT) is a preferred technique, but only 20% of patients are eligible. Requirements for safe SCT include mild or no cardiac involvement, troponin T value <0.06 ng/mL, age <70 years, <3 organs involved, and serum creatinine value ≤1.7 mg/dL. Nontransplant candidates can be offered melphalan–dexamethasone. Pomalidomide appears to have activity, as do other combinations of chemotherapy with agents such as cyclophosphamide–thalidomide–dexamethasone, bortezomib–dexamethasone, and melphalan–prednisone–lenalidomide. Future Challenges: Late diagnosis remains a major obstacle to initiating effective therapy when organ dysfunction is still recoverable. Recognizing the presenting syndromes is necessary for improvement in survival. Am. J. Hematol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Unsupervised deep learning reveals a stimulative effect of dopamine D3 receptor agonists on zebrafish sociality

Although some pharmacological agents are known to alter social behaviors, precise description and quantification of such effects have proven difficult. The complexity of brain functions regulating sociality makes it challenging to predict drug effects on social behavior without testing in live animals, and most existing behavioral assays are low-throughput and provide only unidimensional readouts of social function. To achieve richer characterization of drug effects on sociality, we developed a scalable social behavioral assay for zebrafish named ZeChat based on unsupervised deep learning. High-dimensional and dynamic social behavioral phenotypes are automatically classified using this method. By screening a neuroactive compound library, we found that different classes of chemicals evoke distinct patterns of social behavioral fingerprints. By examining these patterns, we discovered that dopamine D3 agonists possess a social stimulative effect on zebrafish. The D3 agonists pramipexole, piribedil, and 7-hydroxy-DPAT-HBr rescued social deficits in a valproic acid-induced zebrafish autism model. The ZeChat platform provides a promising approach for dissecting the pharmacology of social behavior and discovering novel social-modulatory compounds.
Uhtc Research at NASA Ames

For enhanced aerodynamic performance. Materials for sharp leading edges can be reusable but need different properties because of geometry and very high temperatures. Require materials with significantly higher temperature capabilities, but for short duration. Current shuttle RCC leading edge materials: T approx. 1650 C. Materials for vehicles with sharp leading edges: T>2000 C. >% Figure depicts: High Temperature at Tip and Steep Temperature Gradient. Passive cooling is simplest option to manage the intense heating on sharp leading edges.
Patient perceptions of multiple sclerosis-related care: Comparisons by practice specialty of principal care physician

Do people with multiple sclerosis who receive the majority of their care from neurologists perceive access to and quality of their care differently than people receiving their care from medical internists, family/general practitioners, and other types of physicians? The objective of this study is to identify any patient-identified differences in MS-related care by the practice specialty of the principal care physician, as well as differences by practice specialty in satisfaction with access to physician services and differences in patient perceptions of quality. Data were collected by surveying 1,518 people with MS throughout the United States and grouped by practice specialty of principal care physician (neurologist, internal medicine, family/general practice, and other physicians). Significant differences were observed by practice specialty of the principal care physician in physician understanding of various aspects of MS, satisfaction with access to MS-focused care, and quality of MS-focused care, with neurologists associated with better patient perceptions. Patients consider MS-related care superior when it is delivered by neurologists compared to MS patients receiving care from medical internists, family/general practitioners, and other physicians.