cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A mutational assay system using the thymidine kinase locus in mouse lymphoma cells

Abstract A mutational assay system utilizing the thymidine kinase (TK) locus in L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells is described. The TK locus is believed to be diploid and the 3hree expected phenotypes—denoted as TK +/+ , TK +/− and TK −/− —have been isolated and characterized. The TK +/+ and TK +/− phenotypes are sensitive to 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) and resistant to THMG (thymidine+hypoxanthine+methotrexate +glycine) while the TK −/− phenotype is BUdR-resistant and THMG-sensitive. In addition, the thymidine kinase activities of the TK +/+ , TK +/− and TK −/− clonal lines are, respectively, 61, 27 and o μμmoles of thymidine phosphorylated per 10 6 cells per min of incubation. And finally, using BUdR or THMG selection medium, the spontaneous TK +/− → TK −/− and TK −/− → TK +/− mutation rates are 1.2·10 −7 and 6.4·10 −9 mutations per locus per generation, respectively. In BUdR selection medium concentrations of up to 0.8·10 5 BUdR-sensitive cells per ml can be plated with no effect on the recovery of BUdR-resistant cells; at least 1·10 5 THMG-sensitive cells can be plated in THMG selection medium without affecting the recovery of THMG-resistant cells. Background mutant frequencies can be kept at or below 2·10 −7 in TK +/− cultures. Stimulation of the TK +/− → TK −/− forward mutation rate has been effected with X-irradiation, ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and hycanthone methanesulfonate. By comparing the observed induced mutation rates with the spontaneous TK +/− → TK −/− mutation rate an estimate can be made of the relative mutagenicities of various treatments. Thus, for example, 600 R of X-irradiation stimulated the mutation rate 2500-fold over the spontaneous rate, while 2-h exposures to 10 −2 M EMS or 10 −4 M hycanthone methanesulfonate gave corresponding stimulations of 17000-fold and 450-fold, respectively.
Cyclic thin film flexible pressure sensor testing

The meantime between failures of the thin film strain sensor is a critical indicator for future U.S. Army field sensing application [1]. This accelerated lifetime aging test would characterize the existing flexible strain sensor for repeated load response/application. A typical industrial maximum number of testing cycles used are about 10x106 cycles [2].
Trichloromethanesulfonyl Chloride as a Soft Acid. Disulfide Formation

Abstract Generally the reactive loci of sulfonyl chlorides reside at sulfur. Since the formal oxidation state of the sulfur atom in these compounds is +6, most of their reactions are characterized by hard-hard interactions (charge-controlled), as exemplified by the sulfonylation of alcohols and amines.
Alzheimer's disease: the two-hit hypothesis

Summary There are many lines of evidence showing that oxidative stress and aberrant mitogenic changes have important roles in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, although both oxidative stress and cell cycle-related abnormalities are early events, occurring before any cytopathology, the relation between these two events, and their role in pathophysiology was, until recently, unclear. However, on the basis of studies of mitogenic and oxidative stress signalling pathways in AD, we proposed a "two-hit hypothesis" which states that although either oxidative stress or abnormalities in mitotic signalling can independently serve as initiators, both processes are necessary to propagate disease pathogenesis. In this paper, we summarise evidence for oxidative stress and abnormal mitotic alterations in AD and explain the two-hit hypothesis by describing how both mechanisms are necessary and invariant features of disease.
Changes in ribosomal activity during incubation of Daucus carota root disks

Abstract Cytoplasmic monoribosomes from freshly cut and ‘aged’ carrot root disks were characterized relative to the Mg 2+ optima for poly U (polyuridylic acid)-directed phenylalanine incorporation, the ease of dissociation by KCl in the presence of Mg 2+ , the ability to bind 3 H-poly U, and acrylamide gel fractionation of the ribosomal proteins. The differences in in vitro amino acid incorporation by ribosomes and supernatant from fresh and ‘aged’ disks were confined to the ribosome fraction. The Mg 2+ optima for poly U-directed 14 C-phenylalanine incorporation was 16 mM for ribosomes from ‘aged’ disks compared to 20 mM for ribosomes from fresh disks. Monoribosomes from the fresh disks were easily dissociated into subunits (0·2 M KCl in 5 mM Mg 2+ ) while the ribosomes from ‘aged’ disks were not completely dissociated even in 0·5 M KCl. Ribosomes from ‘aged’ disks were more effective in binding 3 H-poly U than ribosomes from fresh disks. When the disks were subjected to an anaerobic environment prior to ribosome extraction (to strip monoribosomes of peptidyl- t RNA) the above effects of ‘aging’ were reversed. These results suggest that increased monoribosome activity associated with ‘aging’ may be related in part to an increase in the level of peptidyl- t RNA associated with the ribosomes. Acrylamide gel electrophoresis profiles of ribosomal proteins extracted from ribosomes of fresh and ‘aged’ tissue suggest that a change in the protein complement may also be important to the observed changes in ribosomal activity. The ribosomes from ‘aged’ disks contained at least two components not associated with ribosomes from fresh disks.
Are there developmentally limited forms of bipolar disorder

Bipolar spectrum disorders have traditionally been thought to be chronic in course. However, recent epidemiologic research suggests that there may be developmentally limited forms of bipolar disorder. Two large, nationally representative studies reveal a strikingly high prevalence of bipolar disorders in emerging adulthood (5.5%-6.2% among 18-24-year-olds) that appear to resolve substantially during the latter half of the 3rd decade of life (3.1%-3.4% among 25-29-year-olds). Although ascertainment bias due to early mortality, institutionalization, incarceration, and homelessness may account for some of this reduction, the prevalence distribution suggests a high incidence in late adolescence and emerging adulthood that appears to resolve spontaneously in most cases. There were very few differences across age groups in symptom endorsement and comorbid diagnoses, suggesting that 18-24-year-olds that meet criteria for bipolar diagnoses experience clinically significant impairment and associated consequences of the disorder. More fine-grained longitudinal research is needed to determine whether developmentally limited forms of bipolar disorder exist and, if so, what markers might distinguish these forms of the disorder from more chronic courses.
Adhesion Molecule-Modified Biomaterials for Neural Tissue Engineering

Adhesion molecules (AMs) represent one class of biomolecules that promote central nervous system regeneration. These tethered molecules provide cues to regenerating neurons that recapitulate the native brain environment. Improving cell adhesive potential of non-adhesive biomaterials is therefore a common goal in neural tissue engineering. This review discusses common AMs used in neural biomaterials and the mechanism of cell attachment to these AMs. Methods to modify materials with AMs are discussed and compared. Additionally, patterning of AMs for achieving specific neuronal responses is explored.
A Measure of Adaptive Cognition for Entrepreneurship Research

To sense and adapt to uncertainty may characterize a critical entrepreneurial resource. In this research, we employ a metacognitive lens toward the development of a 36–item inventory designed to as...
Electromagnetic Navigation With Multimodality Image Fusion for Image-guided Percutaneous Interventions

Percutaneous image-guided interventions are performed for a variety of clinical indications: to obtain tissue biopsies, to alleviate pain, and to treat diseases including a variety of malignancies. The efficacy of all of the above is directly related to accurate positioning of the procedural device using imaging guidance. The ability to achieve accurate positioning can be limited by a variety of technical factors including small lesion size, a lesion that is best seen on an imaging modality that is impractical for guiding intervention, and a lesion that is difficult to access or in a tenuous location. Electromagnetic navigation with image fusion has the ability to improve the speed and accuracy of percutaneous image-guided interventions by providing real-time feedback and allowing image overlay of diagnostic-imaging modalities with the guiding modality. The article discusses the technical aspects of electromagnetic navigation including potential clinical applications, procedures that may be facilitated by navigation, and inherent limitations of the technology.
An initial value method for the eigenvalue problem for systems of ordinary differential equations

Abstract An initial value method is presented for the calculation of characteristic lengths and characteristic functions of systems of ordinary differential equations. Very general nonseparated boundary conditions can be handled and the equations tend to be quite stable numerically. Numerical examples are presented which demonstrate the efficacy of the method.
Alkaline phosphatase is a useful cytochemical marker for the diagnosis of acute myelomonocytic and monocytic leukemia in the dog

Background Immunophenotyping has replaced cytochemical staining as the preferred technique for classifying acute leukemia. However, some acute myeloid leukemias (AML) lack lineage-associated markers. In our experience, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is expressed in immature canine monocytes. We hypothesized that ALP is a useful marker for monocytic AML. Objectives The objective was to compare ALP expression in neoplastic cells from dogs with lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL), and AML. Methods Alkaline phosphatase results were retrieved from medical records of dogs with acute leukemia. Smears from dogs with lymphoma or leukemia were also prospectively stained for ALP activity. CLL was based on persistent lymphocytosis (10 × 10(9) /L) and acute leukemia on ≥ 20% blasts in blood or bone marrow. ALL was classified based on positive phenotyping for T- or B-lymphocyte antigens, and AML on positive phenotyping for CD11b, CD11c or CD14, or cytochemical staining for chloroacetate esterase, Sudan Black B, or myeloperoxidase. Results There was no ALP activity in all 49 lymphomas and 7 CLLs. Weak ALP activity was seen in 31% of 14 ALL (all T-ALL). ALP activity was seen in all 20 AML (P Conclusions ALP activity may be useful for AML confirmation in dogs, particularly if neoplastic cells only express CD34+ on immunophenotyping.
Apolipoprotein E and cholesterol metabolism

Our knowledge and understanding of the structure and function of apolipoprotein E (apoprotein E or apo-E) have progressed rapidly in the 9 years since it was first identified by the Shores (1). The role of apo-E in mediating the interaction between certain lipoproteins and the lipoprotein receptors on various cells has been well established. In this capacity, apo-E plays a part in mediating the cellular uptake of lipoproteins, the redistribution or degradation of the lipid and protein moieties, and the regulation of the plasma concentrations of specific lipoproteins. This may be particularly crucial in overall cholesterol homeostasis as it relates to the uptake of cholesterol-rich lipoproteins (e. g., chylomicron remnants, g-VLDL, and HDL-with apo-E) by the liver (for review see 2). This discussion will review some of the findings relating to apo-E metabolism, as well as the latest data concerning the structure and function of apo-E.
Smooth patching of refined triangulations

This paper presents a simple algorithm for associating a smooth, low-degree polynomial surface with triangulations whose extraordinary mesh nodes are separated by sufficiently many ordinary, 6-valent mesh nodes. Output surfaces are at least tangent continuous and are C2 sufficiently far away from extraordinary mesh nodes; they consist of three-sided Bezier patches of degree 4. In particular, the algorithm can be used to skin a mesh generated by a few steps of Loop's generalization of three-direction box-spline subdivision.
Kramers‐Kronig Transformation of Constant Phase Impedances

The question of whether constant phase impedances obey the Kramers‐Kronig relations has been examined analytically and numerically. We show that these impedances do transform correctly provided that ‐|⋜α⋜|. This range of α values covers all minimum phase passive electrical elements (R, C, L), semi‐infinite diffusion , pore diffusion, RC transmission lines , R‐L transmission lines , and R‐C‐L transmission lines.
A novel technique for response function determination of shear sensitive cholesteric liquid crystals for boundary layer investigations

A description of the design and setup of an experimental technique for measurement of the response function in shear sensitive liquid crystals has been reported. Utilizing the selective reflection characteristics of cholesteric liquid crystals, the method is capable of measuring the delay, rise, and relaxation times in response to a given dynamic shear stress as a function of the wavelength of the incident light. Application of a step input shear stress results in a liquid crystal time response that can be described as consisting of an initial delay, a shear induced helix deformation, and a relaxation to the initial state through diffusion processes. The method has been used for quantitative calibration of a shear sensitive liquid crystal by observing the peak in reflected light intensity, at a given wavelength, as a function of the shear stress.
An implicit and stiffly stable finite element CFD algorithm for unsteady aerodynamics

A stable and accurate finite element CFD algorithm for hyperbolic/incompletely parabolic conservation law systems is described and verified. It combines a Taylor weak statement FEM, an optimal implicit Runge-Kutta time integration algorithm, and a matrix tensor product approximate factorization linear algebra procedure. The results of computational experiments show that the developed algorithm is robust.
SELF-ASSEMBLED PORPHYRIN-C60 AND PORPHYCENE-C60 COMPLEXES VIA METAL AXIAL COORDINATION

Noncovalently linked electron donor−acceptor complexes consisting of either zinc tetraphenylporphyrin, (TPP)Zn, or zinc octaethylporphycene, (OEPc)Zn, as donor and pyridine appended C60, py∼C60, as...
Abstract 835: Elevatedin uteroestrogenic environment may increase later breast cancer risk by down-regulating miRNAs

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Objectives: High maternal estrogen levels during pregnancy increase a female offspring's breast cancer risk in women and in animal models. This increase is proposed to be mediated by epigenetic changes that involve DNA methylation. Dynamic changes in miRNA expression during fetal development also play a key role in setting gene transcription patterns that persist through the life-time. In this study, we investigated whether in utero exposure to excess estradiol (E2) causes persistent changes in the expression of miRNAs and their target genes. Methods: Pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were fed AIN93G diet supplemented with 0.1 ppm ethinyl estradiol between gestation days 13 and 20. Offspring's mammary glands were obtained on postnatal day 50, and miRNAs were measured using applied Biosystems TaqManR Array Rodent MicroRNA and mRNAs using RG_U34A Affymetrix platform. Data generated in the two arrays were analyzed by an integrated approach which uses a sequence-based TargetScan method to predict miRNA targets and then correlates these targets with mRNA data to identify targets specific to in utero E2 exposure. Results: Maternal E2 exposure during pregnancy increases carcinogen-induced mammary tumorigenesis in the offspring (final tumor incidence in controls: 56%, in E2 offspring: 82%, p<0.05). Fifteen miRNAs are significantly down-regulated in the mammary glands of adult rats exposed to E2 in utero, compared to the controls. Many of these are known to be down-regulated by E2 in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells including miR-21, miR-23ab, miR-27ab, and miR-200c. Some of these miRNAs and others that are down-regulated in the mammary glands of in utero E2 exposed rats (let-7, miR-26ab, miR-181, and miR-203), in turn, suppress the expression of estradiol-regulated genes, as defined by Cicatiello et al., 2010. We also found that of the known ER-α activated genes, more than 10% are significantly up-regulated in the E2 group. These genes included BCL2L1, CYP1B1, and IGF1R. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that maternal exposure to excess E2 during pregnancy may cause a persistent up-regulation of estrogen-regulated genes by suppressing miRNAs that target these genes. Of note is that some of the miRNAs found to be down-regulated in the E2 group suppress genes known to be involved in DNA methylation. For example, miR-21 targets DNMT1; our study indicates that mammary glands of rats exposed to excess E2 in utero express significantly elevated DNMT1 levels, compared to the controls. Thus, changes in miRNAs may also be involved in inducing DNA methylation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 835. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-835
Jet stream intraseasonal oscillations drive dominant ecosystem variations in Oregon's summertime coastal upwelling system.

Summertime wind stress along the coast of the northwestern United States typically exhibits intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs) with periods from ≈15 to 40 days, as well as fluctuations on the 2- to 6-day “weather-band” and 1-day diurnal time scales. Coastal upwelling of cool, nutrient-rich water is driven by extended periods of equatorward alongshore winds, and we show that the ≈20-day ISOs in alongshore wind stress dominated the upwelling process during summer 2001 off Oregon. These wind stress ISOs resulted from north–south positional ISOs of the atmospheric jet stream (JS). Upper-ocean temperature, phytoplankton, and zooplankton varied principally on the ≈20-day time scale as well, and these correlated with the ISOs in alongshore wind stress and JS position, even though there also were weather-band stress fluctuations of comparable magnitude. Such wind stress ISOs are typical along Oregon in the summer upwelling season, occurring in 10 of 12 years examined, including 2001. We present a previously unreported direct connection from the atmospheric JS to oceanic primary and secondary production on the intraseasonal time scale and show the leading importance of ISOs in driving this coastal upwelling ecosystem during a typical summer.
Transient frictional slip between integrin and the ECM in focal adhesions under myosin-II tension

Summary Background The spatiotemporal regulation of adhesion to the extracellular matrix is important in metazoan cell migration and mechanosensation. Although adhesion assembly depends on intracellular and extracellular tension, the biophysical regulation of force transmission between the actin cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix during this process remains largely unknown. Results To elucidate the nature of force transmission as myosin II tension is applied to focal adhesions, we correlated the dynamics of focal adhesion proteins and the actin cytoskeleton to local traction stresses. Under low extracellular tension, newly formed adhesions near the cell periphery underwent a transient retrograde displacement preceding elongation. We found that myosin II-generated tension drives this mobility, and we determine the interface of differential motion, or "slip," to be between integrin and the ECM. The magnitude and duration of both adhesion slip and associated F-actin dynamics is strongly modulated by ECM compliance. Traction forces are generated throughout the slip period, and adhesion immobilization occurs at a constant tension. Conclusions We have identified a tension-dependent, extracellular "clutch" between integrins and the extracellular matrix; this clutch stabilizes adhesions under myosin II driven tension. The current work elucidates a mechanism by which force transmission is modulated during focal adhesion maturation.
AI-WSN: Adaptive and Intelligent Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract This paper proposes employment of artificial neural network techniques to develop in-network “intelligent computation” and “adaptation” capability for wireless sensor networks to improve their functionality, utility and survival aspects. The goal is to introduce computational intelligence capability for the wireless sensor networks to become adaptive to changes within a variety of operational contexts and to exhibit intelligent behaviour. The characteristics of wireless sensor networks bring many challenges, such as the ultra large number of sensor nodes, dense deployment, changing topology structure, and the most importantly, the limited resources including power, computation, storage, and communication capability. All these require the applications and protocols running on wireless sensor network to be not only energy-efficient, scalable and robust, but also “adapt” to changing environment or context, and application scope and focus among others, and demonstrate intelligent behaviour. Feasibility of the proposed approach is demonstrated through a simulation-based case study which entailed a clustering of Iris data using Kohonen's self-organizing map neural network which was embedded across a wireless sensor network.
In vivo 6-thioguanine-resistant T cells from melanoma patients have public TCR and share TCR beta amino acid sequences with melanoma-reactive T cells.

Abstract In vivo hypoxanthine–guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT)-deficient T cells (MT) from melanoma patients are enriched for T cells with in vivo clonal amplifications that traffic between blood and tumor tissues. Melanoma is thus a model cancer to test the hypothesis that in vivo MT from cancer patients can be used as immunological probes for immunogenic tumor antigens. MT were obtained by 6-thioguanine (TG) selection of lymphocytes from peripheral blood and tumor tissues, and wild-type T cells (WT) were obtained analogously without TG selection. cDNA sequences of the T cell receptor beta chains (TRB) were used as unambiguous biomarkers of in vivo clonality and as indicators of T cell specificity. Public TRB were identified in MT from the blood and tumor of different melanoma patients. Such public TRB were not found in normal control MT or WT. As an indicator of T cell specificity for melanoma, the > 2600 MT and WT TRB, including the public TRB from melanoma patients, were compared to a literature-derived empirical database of > 1270 TRB from melanoma-reactive T cells. Various degrees of similarity, ranging from 100% conservation to 3-amino acid motifs (3-mer), were found between both melanoma patient MT and WT TRBs and the empirical database. The frequency of 3-mer and 4-mer TRB matching to the empirical database was significantly higher in MT compared with WT in the tumor (p = 0.0285 and p = 0.006, respectively). In summary, in vivo MT from melanoma patients contain public TRB as well as T cells with specificity for characterized melanoma antigens. We conclude that in vivo MT merit study as novel probes for uncharacterized immunogenic antigens in melanoma and other malignancies.
Private Integrated Housing in a Medium Size Northern City

Most of the research on interracial housing has been carried on in large cities with a large and rapidly growing Negro population. The findings usually indicate a bitter struggle between Negro and white for exclusive possession of city blocks with Negro blocks rapidly being converted to overcrowded multiple housing.* This article is built on the hypothesis that such development is not an inherent feature of race relations in the current
Paretian Distributions and Income Maximization

I. The empirical distribution of income. Scope of the weak law of Pareto, 58. — II. Scope of the present paper, 59. — III. Linear factor analysis of the rental price of an undissoluble bundle of abilities, 60. — IV. The regions of acceptance of the different offers, 62. — V. The assumption that the factors themselves are Paretian, 64. — VI. The conclusion that the offers accepted from different occupations will be Paretian, with an alpha exponent integral multiple of that of the factors, 68. — VII. The evaluation of the asymptotic Paretian weight of an occupation, 70. — VIII. The behavior of the densities before the Paretian asymptotic range is reached; the log-normal approximation, 72. — IX. Elasticities of the distribution of people among various occupations, 77. — X. A concluding remark concerning regional differences in the value of alpha, 79. — Appendices, 79.
Modeling Cyclic Phase Change and Energy Storage in Solar Heat Receivers

Numerical results pertaining to cyclic melting and freezing of an encapsulated phase change material (PCM), integrated into a solar heat receiver, have been reported. The cyclic nature of the present melt/freeze problem is relevant to latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) systems used to power solar Brayton engines in microgravity environments. Specifically, a physical and numerical model of the solar heat receiver component of NASA Lewis Research Center's Ground Test Demonstration (GTD) project was developed and results compared with available experimental data. Multi-conjugate effects such as the convective fluid flow of a low-Prandtl-number fluid, coupled with thermal conduction in the phase change material, containment tube and working fluid conduit were accounted for in the model. A single-band thermal radiation model was also included to quantify reradiative energy exchange inside the receiver and losses through the aperture. The eutectic LiF-CaF2 was used as the phase change material (PCM) and a mixture of He/Xe was used as the working fluid coolant. A modified version of the computer code HOTTube was used to generate results for comparisons with GTD data for both the subcooled and two-phase regimes. While qualitative trends were in close agreement for the balanced orbit modes, excellent quantitative agreement was observed for steady-state modes.
Pulmonary and systemic vascular effects of exogenous prostaglandin I2 in fetal lambs.

Abstract Effects of PGI 2 upon pulmonary vascular resistance and systemic arterial pressure of near term features were evaluated in anesthetized, exteriorized, unventilated fetal lambs by means of an open-chest, pump-perfused lung preparation. These effects were compared to those of PGE 1 and PGE 2 in the same animals. Intrapulmonary arterial infusions of PGI 2 produced dose-dependent decreases in pulmonary vascular resistance and systemic arterial pressure. Effects of PGI 2 upon pulmonary vascular resistance are intermediate with respect to those of PGE 1 (greater) and PGE 2 (less). PGI 2 is a potent hypotensive compound when administered to fetal lambs, producing dose-dependent decreases in systemic arterial pressure. When the three prostaglandin are infused into the pulmonary artery, effects on systemic arterial pressure of PGE 1 and PGI 2 are nearly identical. Effects of PGE 2 are considerably less. PGI 2 is a potent dilator of fetal lamb vessels and could play a role in circulatory control during perinatal transition.
Increased Hospital Mortality in Patients with Bedside Hippus

Abstract Background Hippus is a prominent, repetitive oscillation of the pupils. Although regarded by some as a normal variant of pupillary unrest, the clinical importance of hippus has not been investigated systematically in hospitalized patients. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 117 hospitalized patients demonstrating hippus. To mitigate observer bias, 486 control patients were selected using 2 adjacent admissions by the same attending physician before and after each index case. The primary outcomes were mortality during the admission and within 30 days of discharge. Results Patients with bedside hippus were more likely to die within 30 days of observation ( P P P = .003), cirrhosis ( P = . 029), and renal disease ( P = . 054); angiotensin-system inhibitors were protective ( P = .012). Patients with hippus were more likely to have altered mental status (OR 11.23; 95% CI, 6.27-20.09, P P = .002), cirrhosis ( P = .038), renal disease ( P = .051), and a history of using iron supplements ( P = .016). Conclusion The recognition of hippus in hospitalized patients is a clinically important predictor of early mortality.
Enhanced selectivity profile of pyrazole-urea based DFG-out p38α inhibitors

By targeting an extended region of the conventional 'DFG-out' pocket of p38alpha, while minimizing interactions with the specificity pocket and eliminating interactions with the adenine binding site, we are able to design and synthesize a number of pyrazole-urea based DFG-out p38alpha inhibitors with good potencies, and excellent selectivity.
Proximal ureteric disruption following blunt abdominal trauma

When present, bluntureteric trauma is often associated with multi-system life-threatening injuries. Because of itsrarity and the urgency to address the associatedlife-threatening injuries, diagnosis of uretericinjuries is often delayed. We present a rare caseof an adult female with lateral abdominal muscu-lature disruption, multiple bowel injuries and anisolated, complete ureteric transection 6 cm distalto the UPJ following a high velocity motor vehicleaccident.
Chromosome Studies of Human Cells Infected in utero and in vitro With Rubella Virus.

SummaryA cytologic study of meta-phase chromosomes was undertaken to determine if damage to the genetic apparatus of human cells may be induced by rubella virus and whether such damage produces the...
Robot-assisted Pelvic Lymphadenectomy for Bladder Cancer—Where Have We Reached By 2009

OBJECTIVES To review the current status and role of robot-assisted laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy. To review the need, extent, lymph node yield, oncological feasibility, and outcome of robot-assisted pelvic lymphadenectomy for invasive bladder cancer in patients undergoing a robot-assisted laparoscopic radical cystectomy. METHODS The National Library of Medicine and the Pub Med were extensively searched for the cases of robot-assisted laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy performed in conjunction with robot-assisted laparoscopic radical cystectomy for bladder cancer using the following keywords: bladder cancer, pelvic lymphadenectomy, cystectomy, laparoscopy, robot, and robot-assisted radical cystectomy. These were reviewed and analyzed (using certain tabulated parameters) to determine the current status of robot-assisted pelvic lymphadenectomy. RESULTS The search yielded about 12 major published series (278 cases) of "robot-assisted radical cystectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy," with an overall acceptable mean operating time(s), complication rate, blood loss, and hospital stay. CONCLUSIONS Robot-assisted laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy in conjunction with robot-assisted laparoscopic radical cystectomy is an oncologically feasible and technically safe procedure with acceptable early operative outcomes that appear to be comparable to those achieved with open/laparoscopic surgery.
Predicting multisensory enhancement in neuronal responses

The most dramatic physiological example of multisensory integration is response enhancement, where the integration of concordant signals across multiple sensory modalities leads to a larger and more reliable response. In the model system of the superior colliculus, the largest enhancements (often greater than the predicted sum) are observed when the individual signals being combined are weak. This principle conforms to expectations based on signal detection theory, and also as expected, enhancement is not uniform throughout any response. Typically it is greatest near its onset, when the unisensory inputs are at their weakest (Initial Response Enhancement, see Rowland et al., 2007; Rowland and Stein, 2008). Despite the general accuracy of this heuristic, however, there is a substantial amount of variance in the degree of observed enhancement at all levels of responsiveness. This observation appears to violate standard Bayesian predictions that are based on overall response magnitude. Aside from statistical noise, a possible explanation is that individual neurons in the dataset are calibrated to different ‘computational modes’. An alternative hypothesis is that the amount of enhancement is influenced greatly by response properties other than magnitude, specifically, the temporal profile of the response. The present analysis advances the latter hypothesis. We present a mechanistic framework that explains these findings and extends the standard Bayesian approach to generate an accurate prediction for the multisensory response profile given known unisensory response profiles. These predictions offer a ‘null hypothesis’ that can be used to quantify the circumstances and timing of anomalies in the integrative processes in different experimental conditions; for example, when it is developing under different conditions, or when it is disrupted by experimental or surgical intervention at any stage of life.
ArsD residues Cys12, Cys13, and Cys18 form an As(III)-binding site required for arsenic metallochaperone activity.

The ArsA ATPase is the catalytic subunit of the ArsAB pump encoded by the arsRDABC operon of Escherichia coli plasmid R773. ArsD is a metallochaperone that delivers As(III) to ArsA, increasing its affinity for As(III), thus conferring resistance to environmental concentrations of arsenic. R773 ArsD is a homodimer with three vicinal cysteine pairs, Cys12-Cys13, Cys112-Cys113, and Cys119-Cys120, in each subunit. Each vicinal pair binds As(III) or Sb(III). Alignment of the primary sequence of homologues of ArsD indicates that only the first vicinal cysteine pair, Cys12-Cys13, and an additional cysteine, Cys18, are conserved. The effect of cysteine-to-alanine substitutions and truncations were examined. By yeast two-hybrid analysis, nearly all of the ArsD mutants were able to interact with wild type ArsD, indicating that the mutations do not interfere with dimerization. ArsD mutants with alanines substituting for Cys112, Cys113, Cys119, or Cys120 individually or in pairs or truncations lacking the vicinal pairs retained ability to interact with ArsA and to activate its ATPase activity. Cells expressing these mutants retained ArsD-enhanced As(III) efflux and resistance. In contrast, mutants with substitutions of conserved Cys12, Cys13, or Cys18, individually or in pairs, were unable to activate ArsA or to enhance the activity of the ArsAB pump. We propose that ArsD residues Cys12, Cys13, and Cys18, but not Cys112, Cys113, Cys119, or Cys120, are required for delivery of As(III) to and activation of the ArsAB pump.
Renormalized photon frequency, atomic susceptibility and spatial dispersion

Abstract A generalized form of the Lindstedt-Poincare frequency-renormalization technique is applied to systems of multilevel atoms coupled to the quantized radiation fields. In the Heisenberg picture, the relevant operator equations are solved and the second-order shift in the frequency of the photon is found. A direct connection is made here between the renormalized photon frequency and the susceptibility of the medium. An example of a spatially dispersive medium, namely, a crystal with exciton-photon interaction, is also discussed.
Analysis of peptides, proteins, protein digests, and whole human blood by capillary electrophoresis/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry using an in-capillary electrode sheathless interface

An in-capillary electrode sheathless interface was applied to the capillary electrophoresis/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (CE/ESI-MS) analysis of mixtures of small peptides, proteins, and tryptic digests of proteins. The effects of different experimental parameters on the performance of this CE/ESI-MS interface were studied. The distance of the in-capillary electrode from the CE outlet and the length of the electrode inside the capillary had no significant effects on the CE separation and ESI behavior under the experimental conditions used. However, significant enhancement of the sensitivity resulted from the use of narrower CE capillaries. Using a quadrupole mass spectrometer, an aminopropylsilane-coated capillary, and a wide scan mass-to-charge ratio range of 500–1400, detection limits of approximately 4, 1, and 0.6 fmol for cytochrome c and myoglobin were achieved for 75-, 50-, and 30-µm inner diameter capillaries, respectively. Approximately one order of magnitude lower detection limits were achieved under the multiple-ion monitoring mode. The application of the in-capillary electrode sheathless interface to real-world samples was demonstrated by CE/ESI-MS analysis of a human blood sample.
Percutaneous Stent Placement as Treatment of Renal Vein Obstruction Due to Inferior Vena Caval Thrombosis

A patient who had undergone his third orthotopic liver transplantation nearly 9 years prior to presentation developed worsening hepatic and renal function, as well as severe bilateral lower extremity edema. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated vena caval thrombosis from the suprahepatic venous anastomosis to the infrarenal inferior vena cava, obstructing the renal veins. This was treated by percutaneous placement of metallic stents from the renal veins to the right atrium. At 16 months clinical follow-up, the patient continues to do well.
Design and Study of Synthetic Chiral Nanoscopic Assemblies. Preparation and Characterization of Optically Active Hybrid, Iodonium−Transition-Metal and All-Transition-Metal Macrocyclic Molecular Squares

The synthesis and characterization of various optically active nanoscale-size tetranuclear assemblies held together by coordination bonds is described. Interaction of bis[4-(4‘-pyridyl)phenyl]iodonium triflate and bistriflates of chiral transition metal (Pd(II) or Pt(II)) bisphosphines resulted in the formation of chiral hybrid iodonium-transition metal molecular squares. Restricted rotation of the coordinated bis[4-(4‘-pyridyl)phenyl]iodonium moiety was detected in these squares and investigated by using variable-temperature NMR. The preparation of chiral hybrid squares which possess the elements of helicity (twist) in the assembly was accomplished using the above bisphosphines and bis(3-pyridyl)iodonium triflate. Interaction between the bistriflates of chiral (R(+)-BINAP or S(−)-BINAP)) transition metal (Pd(II) or Pt(II)) bisphosphines and a diaza ligand with C2h symmetry, 2,6-diazaanthracene (DAA) or 2,6-diazaanthracene-9,10-dione (DAAD), in acetone at ambient temperature results in chirality-directed ...
The Cinematic Construction of Early Modern Religions

This article focuses on the construction of early modern religions in some recent films about early modernity. The films create different aesthetic worlds and value systems, but one can make some general comments about the early modern religions they create. One prominent religion, which they create (and which never existed previously), has some similarity to Protestantism. This article’s final section attempts to situate and clarify that assertion. Before that, the article makes brief cinematic and thematic comments on the films and is, in essence, a review of those films. The article arranges the films into topical groups in order to highlight specific themes pertinent to the various films’ hallowing work. The article progresses through these topics: the Tudors (and English nationalism); Russian nationalism; anti-authoritarianism and religious violence; border wars (the problem of Turks and of independent women); challenges to Euro-centrism and colonization; and the revelatory power of art. While this arrangement is not necessary, it does move from the most popular cinematic topic (the Tudors) to examples in which cinema hallows itself (and art generally) quite blatantly and offers itself, in some sense, as a substitute for religion.
An improved diode modeling approach for solar cells

In this paper, an improved approach for the fitting of solar cell device parameters is proposed. This approach dynamically divides the solar cell current density-voltage curve into several partitions, and extracts each of the cell's parameters from the appropriate range of the curve. The partitioned ranges are then optimized to minimize the fitting error and extract the optimized parameter values. Additionally, this method has been successfully integrated with an advanced series resistance estimation method, giving results consistent with the Jsc-Voc method that requires more parameters and numerous device measurements. This modeling method has been demonstrated to be fast, accurate, and robust, and could serve as a valuable tool for the photovoltaic community.
Functional Diversity of Vertebrate ARNT Proteins: Identification of ARNT2 as the Predominant Form of ARNT in the Marine Teleost,Fundulus heteroclitus

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) is a member of the bHLH/PAS protein superfamily. ARNT dimerizes with several PAS superfamily members, including the ligand-activated aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), forming a complex that alters transcription by binding specific elements within the promoters of target genes. Two genes encode different forms of the protein in rodents: ARNT1, which is widely expressed, and ARNT2, which is limited to the brain and kidneys of adults and specific neural and branchial tissues of embryos. In an effort to characterize aryl hydrocarbon signaling mechanisms in Fundulus heteroclitus, a marine teleost that can develop heritable xenobiotic resistance, we have isolated a liver cDNA encoding an ARNT homolog. The protein exhibits AHR-dependent DNA binding capability typical of other vertebrate ARNTs. Unexpectedly, phylogenetic analysis reveals that the cDNA encodes an ARNT2. This is the only detectable ARNT sequence in Fundulus liver, gill, ovary, and brain, suggesting that ARNT2 is the predominant form of ARNT in this species. Also surprising is the relative lack of sequence identity with another fish ARNT protein, rainbow trout ARNTb, which we show forms a distinct branch outside the ARNT1 and ARNT2 clades in phylogenetic analyses. Functional diversity of ARNT proteins in fish may have important implications for the assessment of aryl hydrocarbon effects on natural populations. The increasing use of fish models in developmental and toxicological studies underscores the importance of identifying taxon-specific roles of ARNT proteins and their potential dimeric partners in the PAS superfamily.
Luther and Calvin on secular government

(1993). Luther and Calvin on secular government. History of European Ideas: Vol. 17, No. 2-3, pp. 377-378.
Cultural aspects of nonverbal communication

Abstract A review of the literature on cultural aspects of nonverbal communication reveals the existence of both similarities and differences in the display of nonverbal behavior. It is argued that similarities are most manifest when analysis is at the level of the individual and the focus is on the objective, formal properties of the behavior; differences are more likely to become manifest when the analysis is at the level of the relationship between individuals and the focus is on the interpersonal import of the behavior. Material on gaze and eye contact, body motion and gesture, interpersonal distance and touch, facial expression, and paralanguage is surveyed and organized into three primary sections. The sections reflect the major functions nonverbal behavior is presumed to perform: (1) the sending of emotional states; (2) the conveying of interpersonal attitudes, particularly intimacy and status; and (3) the management of conversation. Implications are drawn concerning potential miscommunication in intercultural encounters.
Histopathology of Pediatric Celiac Disease (Response)

We appreciate the interest in our recent paper on celiac disease (CD) [1], and Dr. Drut’s sharing his perspective on tissue handling and the details of his grading system for villous atrophy [2]. As our paper indicated, and a recent flurry of activity on the Pediatric Pathology listserve has reiterated, there is currently no consensus for optimal tissue handling of small intestinal biopsies. While in our hands, orientation of tissue at the time of embedding by an experienced histotechnologist and examination of multiple levels for selected cases works best, in Dr. Drut’s institution, orientation of tissue on a substrate is preferred. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of both methods in our paper [1]. We agree with Dr. Drut that a standardized grading scheme for small intestinal biopsies for CD is helpful to the clinician. The Marsh classification is widely used and the modified Marsh classification includes an infiltrative lesion lacking architectural abnormalities and subdivision of villous atrophy into three grades of severity [3]. As CD is currently considered to be predominantly an immune-mediated process, a grading scheme that includes lymphocytic infiltration seems appropriate. As Oberhuber et al. state, “An increase in the number of IEL is the first and most sensitive index of the effects of gluten on the mucosa [their ref. 20], and is therefore the single most important histological feature in CD” [3]. In contrast to Dr. Drut’s experience, our group and others have seen small intestinal biopsies from patients with CD show increased intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) and no architectural abnormalities (modified Marsh type I) [3,4], as well as cases of CD with patchy involvement of only some of the biopsy fragments [5]. Thus, although a wider net is cast, we favor a grading system which will call to attention possible cases of CD that would be missed if architectural abnormalities alone were required to suggest diagnosis. Whatever grading scheme is employed, biopsy findings alone are not specific for CD and should be interpreted within the clinical context of each individual case.
Thyrocalcitonin suppression of hydroxyproline release from bone.

SummaryThe effects of thyrocalcitonin on extracellular levels of hydroxyproline were examined in the following situations which normally alter this parameter through effects on bone resorption: peritoneal lavage, parathyroidectomy, nephrectomy, and calcium restricted diet. It was found that thyrocalcitonin reduced extracellular hydroxyproline levels in all situations studied. Effects on removal of hydroxyproline and calcium by peritoneal lavage were of such magnitude to suggest that the entire process of whole bone catabolism is inhibited by thyrocalcitonin. Marked effects of thyrocalcitonin in the presence of increased levels of endogenous parathyroid hormone indicate that thyrocalcitonin can block the effects of parathyroid hormone. It is concluded that repeated administration of thyrocalcitonin results in an inhibition of all phases of bone resorption.