cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A memory-reduction scheme for the FFT T-matrix method

A method is presented that reduces the storage requirement of the FFT T-matrix method. It is based on the configuration- and Fourier-domain symmetry relations of the translation coefficients of the transverse spherical multipole fields. Only a minimum set of these matrices needs to be computed and stored. Elements of the full matrices for a given modal combination are rapidly generated using appropriate symmetry relations as the convolution is carried out. The cost of generating the full matrices from the minimum set scales as O(N), while the cost of performing a convolution grows as O(N logN). Thus, the presented memory-reduction scheme increases the CPU time only negligibly. In addition, the method can readily be adapted to an exiting FFT T-matrix code, enabling it to handle larger problems.
Intercalibration and Evaluation of ResourceSat-1 and Landsat-5 NDVI

ResourceSat-1 is a designated alternative to Landsat should the existing TM (Thematic Mapper) and ETM+ (Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus) sensors fail prior to the successful launch of Landsat 8 in late 2012. However, to enable integration of ResourceSat-1 into the many existing long-term Landsat projects around the world, practicable similarity must be demonstrated. To quantify the potential for ResourceSat-1 to satisfy some of the needs of the remote sensing community, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values derived from Landsat-5 were compared to NDVI values derived from ResourceSat-1. An intercalibration equation that converts ResourceSat-1 NDVI values to equivalent Landsat-5 NDVI values was derived thereby enabling direct comparison between the two sensors. Comparisons were made using imagery spanning a 3-year time period. Prior to intercalibration, NDVI values were highly correlated (mean R 2 > 0.73) but statistically different (P < 0.001). Following intercalibration, the resulting indices...
DNA Polymerase β: Structure−Fidelity Relationship from Pre-Steady-State Kinetic Analyses of All Possible Correct and Incorrect Base Pairs for Wild Type and R283A Mutant†

The kinetic parameters (kpol, ) for all possible correct and incorrect pairing between the A, T, G, and C bases were determined for wild-type (WT) rat DNA polymerase β (pol β) and the R283A mutant ...
Effect of Polypurine Tract (PPT) Mutations on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication: a Virus with a Completely Randomized PPT Retains Low Infectivity

We introduced polypurine tract (PPT) mutations, which we had previously tested in an in vitro assay, into the viral clone NL4-3KFSdelta nef. Each mutant was tested for single-round infectivity and virion production. All of the PPT mutations had an effect on replication; however, mutation of the 5' end appeared to have less of an effect on infectivity than mutation of the 3' end of the PPT sequence. Curiously, a mutation in which the entire PPT sequence was randomized (PPTSUB) retained 12% of the infectivity of the wild type (WT) in a multinuclear activation of galactosidase indicator assay. Supernatants from these infections contained viral particles, as evidenced by the presence of p24 antigen. Two-long terminal repeat (2-LTR) circle junction analysis following PPTSUB infection revealed that the mutant could form a high percentage of normal junctions. Quantification of the 2-LTR circles using real-time PCR revealed that number of 2-LTR circles from cells infected with the PPTSUB mutant was 3.5 logs greater than 2-LTR circles from cells infected with WT virus. To determine whether the progeny virions from a PPTSUB infection could undergo further rounds of replication, we introduced the PPTSUB mutation into a replication-competent virus. Our results show that the mutant virus is able to replicate and that the infectivity of the progeny virions increases with each passage, quickly reverting to a WT PPT sequence. Together, these experiments confirm that the 3' end of the PPT is important for plus-strand priming and that a virus that completely lacks a PPT can replicate at a low level.
Primary payer status is significantly associated with postoperative mortality, morbidity, and hospital resource utilization in pediatric surgical patients within the United States.

Abstract Purpose Current healthcare reform efforts have highlighted the potential impact of insurance status on patient outcomes. The influence of primary payer status (PPS) within the pediatric surgical patient population remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine risk-adjusted associations between PPS and postoperative mortality, morbidity, and resource utilization in pediatric surgical patients within the United States. Methods A weighted total of 153,333 pediatric surgical patients were evaluated using the national Kids' Inpatient Database (2003 and 2006): appendectomy, intussusception, decortication, pyloromyotomy, congenital diaphragmatic hernia repair, and colonic resection for Hirschsprung's disease. Patients were stratified according to PPS: Medicare (n=180), Medicaid (n=51,862), uninsured (n=12,539), and private insurance (n=88,753). Multivariable hierarchical regression modeling was utilized to evaluate risk-adjusted associations between PPS and outcomes. Results Overall median patient age was 12years, operations were primarily non-elective (92.4%), and appendectomies accounted for the highest proportion of cases (81.3%). After adjustment for patient, hospital, and operation-related factors, PPS was independently associated with in-hospital death ( p p p Conclusions Primary payer status is associated with risk-adjusted postoperative mortality, morbidity, and resource utilization among pediatric surgical patients. Uninsured patients are at increased risk for postoperative mortality while Medicaid patients accrue greater morbidity, hospital lengths of stay, and total charges. These results highlight a complex interaction between socioeconomic and patient-related factors, and primary payer status should be considered in the preoperative risk stratification of pediatric patients.
CRIBELLUM AND CALAMISTRUM ONTOGENY IN THE SPIDER FAMILY ULOBORIDAE: LINKING FUNCTIONALLY RELATED BUT SEPARATE SILK SPINNING FEATURES

Abstract The fourth metatarsus of cribellate spiders bears a setal comb, the calamistrum, that sweeps over the cribellum, drawing fibrils from its spigots and helping to combine these with the capture thread's supporting fibers. In four uloborid species (Hyptiotes cavatus, Miagrammopes animotus, Octonoba sinensis, Uloborus glomosus), calamistrum length and cribellum width have similar developmental trajectories, despite being borne on different regions of the body. In contrast, developmental rates of metatarsus IV and its calamistrum differ within species and vary independently among species. Thus, the growth rates of metatarsus IV and the calamistrum are not coupled, freeing calamistrum length to track cribellum width and metatarsus IV length to respond to changes in such features as combing behavior and abdomen dimensions.
The TRITON versus PLATO trials: Differences beyond platelet inhibition

Clopidogrel monopoly as an exclusive oral antiplatelet agent used in combination with aspirin or as a monotherapy for treatment or/and prevention of occlusive thrombotic vascular events has been recently challenged. Based on the indirect comparison of TRITON and PLATO trial data, ticagrelor is clearly superior to prasugrel in a population of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) because of absolute mortality reduction, realistic second myocardial infarction (MI) prevention, growing over time vascular outcome benefit, fewer haemorrhagic fatalities, potentially less coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)- related bleeding events, and lack of cancer risks. Despite an unfavourable immediate safety profile, ticagrelor has a lot of room to compensate for agitation, dyspnea, and ventricular pauses, if used in appropriate patients. It will be naive and wrong to assume that ticagrelor will completely substitute clopidogrel, especially considering higher discontinuation rates after ticagrelor, generic competition, and other health economics issues. However, unless the regulatory authorities discover some unexpected serious flaws with PLATO, the ticagrelor will substantially change the present landscape of oral antiplatelet therapy, especially in high-risk patients, diabetics, and those with repeated vascular events including stent thrombosis. In contrast, a too exclusive trial design, a lack of persistent vascular benefit despite issues with event adjudication, growing-over-time bleeding complications, an issue with cancer, and finally an increase in mortality risk among unstable angina and non ST-elevated myocardial infarction will likely prevent a broad prasugrel implementation, unless more reassuring evidence becomes available.
Molecular evolution of the Rab-escort-protein/guanine-nucleotide-dissociation-inhibitor superfamily.

Prenylation of Rab GTPases regulating vesicle traffic by Rab geranylgeranyltransferase (RabGGTase) requires a complex formed by the association of newly synthesized Rab proteins with Rab-escort-protein (REP), the choroideremia-gene-product that is mutated in disease, leading to loss of vision. After delivery to the membrane by the REP–Rab complex, subsequent recycling to the cytosol requires the REP-related guanine-nucleotide-dissociation-inhibitor (GDI). Although REP and GDI share common Rab-binding properties, GDI cannot assist in Rab prenylation and REP cannot retrieve Rab proteins from the membranes. We have now isolated REP mutant proteins that are able to partially function as both REP and GDI. These results provide molecular insight into the functional and evolutionary organization of the REP/GDI superfamily.
Transmission of Ascovirus from Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by Three Parasitoids and Effects of Virus on Survival of Parasitoid Cardiochiles nigriceps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Abstract In field crops in the southeastern United States, larvae of Heliothis virescens (F.) are often infected with ascoviruses, especially toward the end of the growing season. Ascoviruses are unusual in that they are difficult to transmit per os, and several studies have provided data indicating that these viruses are vectored mechanically by parasitic wasps during oviposition. In Georgia, three parasitoids commonly parasitize H. virescens larvae: Cardiochiles nigriceps Viereck, Campoletis sonorensis (Cameron), and Microplitis croceipes (Cresson). In the current study, we investigated the transmission of ascovirus by these parasitoids by using females that were collected in the field or reared in the laboratory. After a single oviposition by C. nigriceps in an H. virescens larva with a 4-d-old ascovirus infection, all subsequent healthy larvae parasitized by this female developed ascovirus infection. After oviposition in an infected larva, examination of C. nigriceps by using transmission electron mic...
Assessment of Cognitive Skills in the USSR: Historical Trends and Current Developments

Soviet psychology and its view of cognition and assessment have been influenced by political and ideological currents. Assessment practices in the Soviet Union reveal three trends. The so-called pedology movement was replaced in the 1930s by an anti-testing policy, followed more recently by a reassessment of psychodiagnostic practices. Late 1970s and the beginning of 1980s reveal strong interests in psychodiagnosis, as indicated by symposia organized in 1975 and 1980.
Denture adhesives: their effects on denture retention and stability.

Abstract Denture adhesives have been used by denture wearers for many years. A number of studies have been conducted to assess the effectiveness of these adhesives. This article describes a technique whereby the effectiveness of the adhesives was determined with the dentures in function through the use of the kinesiograph. The results indicated that denture adhesives improved the retention and stability of dentures, more so for ill-fitting than well-fitting dentures.
Working in a violent environment: The accuracy of police officers' reports about shooting incidents

The occupational stress of chronic working conditions in police organizations has been examined in the past, but the effects of acute stressful events are much more difficult to study systematically. Experienced police officers' memories for elements of a simulated stressful crime scene involving an on-duty shooting incident were examined. Officers were exposed to one of three situations varying in stress. In a 3 × 2 factorial design, some officers reviewed their memories by answering questions immediately after the shooting, while others did not. Twelve weeks later, officers' long-term memories were better for all elements of the crime scene if they had rehearsed. Under some conditions, officers tended to remember the most important elements better (i.e. the number of armed people present) and the least important elements worse (i.e. irrelevant objects). In addition, their confidence in their memories had little or no relationship to their memories' accuracy and there was a threat focus in which objects physically closest to the points of threat were remembered better. There are strong implications for two elements of job performance: writing police reports and testifying in court.
MPISH: a parallel shell for MPI programs

While previous work has shown MPI to provide capabilities for system software, actual adoption has not widely occurred. We discuss process management shortcomings in MPI implementations and their impact on MPI usability for system software and management tasks. We introduce MPISH, a parallel shell designed to address these issues.
MEMS based dual-axes confocal clinical endoscope for real time in vivo imaging

We demonstrate a dual-axes confocal endoscope in a 5.5 mm diameter package for clinical use. Miniaturization is achieved by using a barbell-shaped, gimbaled, two-dimensional MEMS scanner that is actuated by self-aligned, vertical-comb actuators. The maximum DC optical scan angles are plusmn2.6deg on the inner axis and plusmn0.8deg on the outer axis, and the corresponding resonance frequencies are 3.1 kHz and 1.1 KHz. The maximum imaging rate is 10 frames/second, and the microscope achieves full-width-half-maximum transverse and axial resolutions of 5 mum and 7 mum, respectively when operated in the near infrared wavelength (785 nm).
Desistance motivations among adolescent inhalant users: Latent class and latent profile analyses

Background: Substance users report various motivations to desist from drug use. Few studies of desistance motivations among adolescent inhalant users have been conducted, although inhalant use is prevalent in this population.Objectives: The aims of this study were to (1) determine the prevalence and nature of diverse desistance motivations among adolescent inhalant users; and (2) identify adolescent inhalant user subtypes differing in their reasons for quitting inhalant use and associated characteristics.Methods: Structured psychiatric interviews were conducted with 279 Missouri adolescents in residential care who were lifetime inhalant users. Latent class and latent profile analyses were used to identify subtypes of adolescent inhalant users differing in their desistance motivations.Results: A set of models with four latent classes evidenced the best empirical and conceptual fit. One class of inhalant users evidenced high-frequency inhalant use, severe psychiatric symptoms, elevated antisocial attitudes ...
Maternal stress in caring for children with feeding disabilities: implications for health care providers.

Abstract The purposes of this study were to compare the stress experienced by mothers of children with feeding disorders to the stress experienced by mothers of children with other childhood disabilities, to compare the stress experienced by mothers of children who are tube-fed with that of mothers of children with disabilities who do not require tube feeding, to ascertain the types of stressors that mothers in both groups experience, and to determine their coping resources. Subjects were mothers of children with disabilities who had recently been discharged or were receiving outpatient care from a private rehabilitation facility in a Midwestern city. The Short Form of the Questionnaire on Resources and Stress instrument and open-ended questions developed by the researchers were used. Results were analyzed using analysis of variance. Results indicate that mothers of children requiring tube feeding experienced significantly greater stress than mothers of children with disabilities who do not require tube feedings. Mothers of children requiring tube feeding also receive less support from family and friends. To assist dietitians, other health care professionals, and university instructors in developing family-centered treatment programs, we recommend including fathers, friends, or relatives in the care and feeding process; discovering ways to include the tube-fed child in family mealtime activities; increasing public awareness of tube-feeding issues; organizing support groups; and educating dietetics students about the unique stresses experienced by mothers of children who are tube-fed. J Am Diet Assoc. 1999;99:962–966 .
Dysregulation of ubiquitin ligases in cancer

Ubiquitin ligases (UBLs) are critical components of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS), which governs fundamental processes regulating normal cellular homeostasis, metabolism, and cell cycle in response to external stress signals and DNA damage. Among multiple steps of the UPS system required to regulate protein ubiquitination and stability, UBLs define specificity, as they recognize and interact with substrates in a temporally- and spatially-regulated manner. Such interactions are required for substrate modification by ubiquitin chains, which marks proteins for recognition and degradation by the proteasome or alters their subcellular localization or assembly into functional complexes. UBLs are often deregulated in cancer, altering substrate availability or activity in a manner that can promote cellular transformation. Such deregulation can occur at the epigenetic, genomic, or post-translational levels. Alterations in UBL can be used to predict their contributions, affecting tumor suppressors or oncogenes in select tumors. Better understanding of mechanisms underlying UBL expression and activities is expected to drive the development of next generation modulators that can serve as novel therapeutic modalities. This review summarizes our current understanding of UBL deregulation in cancer and highlights novel opportunities for therapeutic interventions.
Social Workers' Self- Efficacy and Comfort Providing Services for HIV- Affected Children

As HIV/AIDS prevalence rates continue to rise in the United States, social workers will serve HIV- affected families for years to come. Researchers now consider HIV to be a “family disease”; thus, the children of HIV- positive parents face challenges and uncertainty about their futures. This study describes 46 social workers’ perceptions of self- efficacy and comfort providing future care and custody services. Findings reveal that HIV/AIDS information gained through evidence- based sources was significantly correlated with social workers’ knowledge and comfort providing services. Social workers’ perceived self- efficacy was significantly correlated with perceptions of comfort providing future care and custody services. Self- reported definitions of future care and custody were multidimensional but not uniform. It is recommended that social workers providing HIV- related services to families obtain empirically based training. Schools of social work and professional organizations can play critical roles in disseminating best practices in the evolving area of HIV/AIDS and the family.
Enhanced voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy in magnetic tunnel junctions with an MgO/PZT/MgO tunnel barrier

Compared with current-controlled magnetization switching in a perpendicular magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ), electric field- or voltage-induced magnetization switching reduces the writing energy of the memory cell, which also results in increased memory density. In this work, an ultra-thin PZT film with high dielectric constant was integrated into the tunneling oxide layer to enhance the voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) effect. The growth of MTJ stacks with an MgO/PZT/MgO tunnel barrier was performed using a combination of sputtering and atomic layer deposition techniques. The fabricated MTJs with the MgO/PZT/MgO barrier demonstrate a VCMA coefficient, which is ∼40% higher (19.8 ± 1.3 fJ/V m) than the control sample MTJs with an MgO barrier (14.3 ± 2.7 fJ/V m). The MTJs with the MgO/PZT/MgO barrier also possess a sizeable tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) of more than 50% at room temperature, comparable to the control MTJs with an MgO barrier. The TMR and enhanced VCMA effect demonstrated si...
Noise Performance and Signal-to-Noise Ratio of Shear Strain Elastograms

In this paper, we develop a theoretical expression for the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of shear strain elastograms. The previously-developed ideas for the axial strain filter (ASF) and lateral strain filter (LSF) are extended to define the concept of the shear strain filter (SSF). Some of our theoretical results are verified using simulations and phantom experiments. The results indicate that the signal-to-noise ratio of shear-strain elastograms (SNRsse) improves with increasing shear strain and with improvements in system parameters such as the sonographic signal-to-noise ratio (SNRs) beamwidth, center frequency and fractional bandwidth. The results also indicate that the amount of axial strain present along with the shear strain is an important parameter that determines the upper bound on SNRsse. The SNRsse will be higher in the absence of additional deformation due to axial strain.
New Resistant Germplasm to the Chinch Bug (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae) in Grain Sorghum: Contribution of Tolerance and Antixenosis as Resistance Mechanisms

Newly identified sorghum lines resistant to chinch bug, Blissus leucopterus Leucopterus (Say), were compared with a previously studied ‘kafir’-derived resistance source (‘Atlas’) in multiple-choice and two-choice seedling preference tests and in a no-choice seedling tolerance test. High antixenosis and tolerance levels were found in some new resistance sources, with levels equivalent to or significantly better than that in ‘Atlas.’ Antixenosis was variable with the range of choices offered and post infestation time. Initial tolerance of some entries was favorably influenced by superior plant vigor, but after 10 days of feeding significant plant death occurred on all but one new resistance source.
Evidence for Weak Link Effects in Epitaxial Thin Films of YBCO on LaAlO3

Evidence of weak link effects in epitaxial thin films of YBa2Cu3O7-yon LaAlO3 is obtained from magnetically modulated resistance (MMR) measurements. This result suggests that weak links could provide a mechanism for the residual microwave loss in high quality superconducting thin films which contain predominantly low angle grain boundaries.
415 CHRONIC FATIGUE IN THE GENERAL POPULATION: HIGHER LEVELS OF NEUROVASCULAR TONE.

Our pilot studies (PSs) show that chronic fatigue (CF) is a problem in the general population and is associated with higher adrenergic neurovascular tone (ANVT). ANVT is measured by systolic time intervals (STI = PEP/LVET × 100%). Baseline (low stress level) ANVT is predicted by temperance analysis testing (r = .98, p 6.0, depression, fibromyalgia, and smokers. PS criterion of STI at 25 to 36% was used to identify CF patients with significantly higher symptom levels (SL = 1-100 scale of fatigue scored by patient) versus normal age-matched controls (C). Blind correlations were made by serial measurements of systolic blood pressure (SBP), SL, cardiac output (CO), and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) by two-dimensional echocardiography. This was done at baseline (time 1 = T1, without significant external stress) and during treatment (Rx) (T2). T2 was 1 year for group (G)1 and G2 and at 6 months for G3. All data were placed into a blind matrix for later analysis. Patients were grouped by STI ranges (G1 25-30%, G2 31-36%, G3 a random sample of patients 25-36%, and C 50-56%) using PS guidelines. Rx of G1 and G2 CF patients consisted of amitriptyline (10-50 mg/d) and diltiazem CD (240-360 mg/d) and 500 mg calcium/d. G3 patients received 1,500 mg of calcium/d without other medications. Prospective results: Group means are shown. See Table. Where * = significantly different from C at p
Discusses the maritime affair administration law enforcement copy clerk's standard manufacture shallowly

The administrative main body makes the concrete administrative action's manifestation legally,safeguards the evidence which the Administrative organ administrative action is in an impregnable position.Therefore,the maritime affair administration law enforcement copy clerk's standard manufacture is also the maritime affair law enforcement organic composition part.
ModelDB: A Resource for Neuronal and Network Modeling

ModelDB is an online database (senselab.med.yale.edu/senselab/ModelDB) of published neuronal models, including models of ion channels, dendrites, axons, neurons, synapses and networks of neurons. Having ready access to the code for a model facilitates testing and verification of a model, re-use of model components to speed development of new models, and comparing a model to new experimental data. The database is useful for archiving models and for collaboration on modeling projects, and is a resource for teachers and students in both theoretical and experimental neuroscience. We describe here how to use the database: how to find specific models, how to obtain model code, how to run models, and how to contribute a model to the database.
The absence of temperature effects on end-diastolic pressure-volume relations in the canine left ventricle determined by two-dimensional echocardiography.

Because of divergent conclusions in the literature regarding the effects of temperature on end-diastolic compliance in the canine left ventricle (LV), pressure-volume relationships at normothermia and hypothermia (28° C) were studied with two-dimensional ultrasound in nine dogs on cardiopulmonary bypass (open pericardium) over a range of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) from 0 to 22 mm Hg. Three perpendicular echocardiographic sections were used with Simpson's rule to measure LV volume and mass at end-diastole for each level of LVEDP. Temperature was varied between 37° and 28° C by systemic cooling, and heart rate was allowed to slow spontaneously with temperature reduction. There was no change in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure-volume (LVEDP-LVEDV) relationships at lower temperature provided that ventricular relaxation was complete at end-diastole. In addition, serial postmortem pressure-volume curves carried out by direct saline infusion into sealed ventricles at 38° and 28° C in three additional dogs demonstrated no temperature effects on postmortem LV compliance. Postmortem mass correlated well with echocardiographically determined LV mass, which showed a significant increase during the period of cardiopulmonary bypass, correlating with the development of myocardial edema. In summary, there appears to be no effect of moderate hypothermia on LVEDP-LVEDV relationships, provided the heart is in true diastasis at end-diastole. In addition, echocardiographic techniques can be used to study LV mass change on cardiopulmonary bypass.
The Transformation to Information-Sector Work

Few societies have changed as much as Ireland in the past 30 years. Prior to its transformation, Ireland was thought of as “ … a rural, conservative and Catholic backwater of post-war Europe” (Breen et al., 1990, p. 1). One consistency since the founding of the Republic has been the tradition of an active role of government in economic stimulation. But Ireland’s journey along this path has brought radical change. In order to understand the dimensions of the transformation that has occurred, it is necessary to understand the type of society from which the Ireland of today has emerged.
Oxytocin and behavior: Lessons from knockout mice

It is well established that the nonapeptide oxytocin (Oxt) is important for the neural modulation of behaviors in many mammalian species. Since its discovery in 1906 and synthesis in the early 1950s, elegant pharmacological work has helped identify specific neural substrates on which Oxt exerts its effects. More recently, mice with targeted genetic disruptions of the Oxt system-i.e., both the peptide and its receptor (the Oxtr)-have further defined Oxt's actions and laid some important scientific groundwork for studies in other species. In this article, we highlight the scientific contributions that various mouse knockouts of the Oxt system have made to our understanding of Oxt's modulation of behavior. We specifically focus on how the use of these mice has shed light on our understanding of social recognition memory, maternal behavior, aggression, and several nonsocial behaviors. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 190-201, 2017.
Cryptographic File Systems Performance: What You Don&#146;t Know Can Hurt You

Securing data is more important than ever, yet cryptographic file systems still have not received wide use. One barrier to the adoption of cryptographic file systems is that the performance impact is assumed to be too high, but in fact is largely unknown. In this paper we first survey available cryptographic file systems. Second, we perform a performance comparison of a representative set of the systems, emphasizing multiprogrammed workloads. Third, we discuss interesting and counterintuitive results. We show the overhead of cryptographic file systems can be minimal for many real-world workloads, and suggest potential improvements to existing systems. We have observed not only general trends with each of the cryptographic file systems we compared but also anomalies based on complex interactions with the operating system, disks, CPUs, and ciphers.
Humean Externalism and the Argument from Depression

Several prominent philosophers have argued that the fact that depressed agents sometimes make moral judgments without being appropriately motivated supports Humean externalism – the view that moral motivation must be explained in terms of desires that are distinct from or “external” to an agent’s motivationally inert moral judgments. This essay argues that such motivational failures do not, in fact, provide evidence for this view. I argue that, if the externalist argument from depression is to undermine a philo-sophically important version of internalism, it must make use of a general assumption about motivational states. However, at a reasonable level of abstraction, the needed assumption also implies that even desires could not be effective sources of motivation. For, just as depressed agents might sometimes lack motivation to act consistently with their moral judgments, they also sometimes lack motivation to pursue their desires. Moreover, the most plausible responses that Humeans can give to this general argument undermine the externalist case against internalism. Thus, there is a deep tension between the argument from depression for externalism and a fundamental Humean commitment.
Gas Diffusion Cell Geometry for a Microfluidic Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Analyzer

Variable gas diffusion cell geometries were tested for the extraction of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) from a microfluidic (tens to hundreds of microliters) seawater sample. With a focus on optimization of diffusion cell geometry, we compare five unique diffusion cell designs. Using 3-D printing technology to streamline the prototyping and testing process, we were able to conceive, design, fabricate, and thoroughly evaluate each design over the course of about one month. In total, 1043 DIC measurements were carried out in 109 experiments for the five working manifolds. We find that a small diameter, cylindrical diffusion cell design offers several advantages over its planar counterparts and a larger diameter cylindrical cell, most notably the ability to increase the ratio of the exchange membrane’s contact surface area to solution volume (the “aspect ratio”) without sacrificing channel integrity. Multiple designs approached short-term repeatability of $\mu \text{L}$ of sample.
Enantiospecific Adsorption and Decomposition of D- and L-Asp Mixtures on Cu(643)R&S.

The study of molecular chirality is essential to understanding the fundamentals of enantiospecific chemical interactions that are ubiquitous in the biochemistry of life on Earth. At a molecular level, there is insufficient understanding of chiral recognition and enantiomer-enantiomer interaction (aggregation) of chiral molecules adsorbed on surfaces. Here, using enantiospecific isotopic labelling and surface sensitive techniques, we show that when the two enantiomers of chiral aspartic acid (Asp) are adsorbed on the naturally chiral Cu(643)R&S surfaces, they decompose enantiospecifically depending on the chirality of the surface. The non-linear kinetics of the surface decomposition mechanism amplifies the difference between the decomposition rate constants of the two adsorbed enantiomers resulting in highly enantiospecific decomposition rates. Further, we also demonstrate that Asp enantiomers aggregate homochirally on several chiral and achiral surfaces, amplifying the enantiomeric excess on the surface with respect to that in the gas phase, |ees |>|eeg. Our results show that it is possible to discern the enantiospecific behavior of a complex adsorbate such as Asp and shed light on molecular level enantiospecific interactions on surfaces. The enantiospecific isotope labelling methods discussed in this paper allow probing of both the qualitative features of the Asp decomposition mechanism on Cu(643)R&S and quantitative aspects of the adsorption equilibria of enantiomer mixtures.
Quantitative Approaches in Translational Research: An Overview

Cardiometabolic diseases are a group of complex and highly intertwined disorders that contribute significantly to healthcare expenditures. Despite the substantial efforts made for making safe and effective treatment options available to patients, cardiometabolic diseases are still a leading cause of death worldwide. This is in part due to the apparent disconnect between drug development and clinical application of medications. In order to bridge this gap, translational research approaches are needed which allow for integration of available knowledge and transition of drugs from bench to bedside. These translational research approaches further allow to feedback the lessons learned during the development of one drug into the development of next-in-pipeline drugs, which improves their chances to successfully make it to the market. Ultimately, these quantitative approaches can also serve as a knowledge platform for bedside-ready decision support tools that can guide the clinician’s choice of the most appropriate drug and/or dosing regimen.
Surrender-and-Catch and Critical Theory

I am beginning to type but don’t know what’s coming, if anything is coming, or how it is going to go on, whether it will develop, how it is going to end. What an embarrassing confession! But I have to make it, for I am beginning (once more — not only to type). This time I wish to surrender to critical theory; the first thing that comes up is my memory of Max Horkheimer, how he got me to the Institute in Frankfurt, twice, 1952 and 1953, to do some work they wanted done — the first time was the first time I went to Germany, nineteen years after I’d left. I met and got acquainted with Adorno and Pollock and later in the States with Herbert Marcuse, who became my colleague and friend, and with Habermas. None of these critical theorists had or has space for my concern with surrender-and-catch. Horkheimer, even before I went to Frankfurt, when I met and talked with him about it in the States, said something like “old hat”: surrender is the initial stage of any investigation, the muddling-through stage — first I couldn’t believe he had heard me right but then feared he had, and we had different views; but when at his request in Frankfurt I gave a talk about the present state of sociology and mentioned surrender-and-catch as a corrective alternative (or something of the sort), he or another member of his group denounced me in the public discussion: they had finally managed to overcome Heidegger, and here somebody came from, of all places, America and tried to reimport metaphysics if not worse, perhaps mysticism: that’s just what they needed; and I don’t think what I said in response cut any ice.
Impact of PTSD on post-concussive symptoms, neuropsychological functioning, and pain in post-9/11 veterans with mild traumatic brain injury.

Abstract Prior work suggested that post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) worsens post-concussive symptoms (PCS), neuropsychological functioning, and pain-related outcomes in post-9/11 veterans. However, the impact of PTSD in the context of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is not entirely clear. We evaluated possible differences among veterans with deployment-related mTBI with and without PTSD, and a comparison group. We hypothesized that veterans with comorbid mTBI and PTSD would report more PCS, perform worse on neuropsychological tasks, and report greater pain intensity and maladaptive pain coping relative to those without PTSD. Ninety (15 female, 75 male) post-9/11 veterans completed measures of psychiatric functioning, PCS, deployment-related mTBI, pain intensity, pain coping, and a brief neuropsychological evaluation. Veterans with comorbid mTBI and PTSD reported significantly higher PCS across domains, and greater pain intensity and maladaptive coping. They also performed more poorly on measures of recall, but not on measures of attention, encoding, or executive functioning. Findings suggest that PTSD results in greater PCS in the context of mTBI, and is associated with greater pain catastrophizing, worse recall, greater pain intensity, and greater illness-focused coping than in mTBI alone. PCS symptoms, recall, and pain coping may be of clinical importance for post-9/11 veterans with the “polytrauma triad.”
Effect of Fetal Growth on 1-Year Mortality in Neonates With Critical Congenital Heart Disease.

Background Infants with critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) are more likely to be small for gestational age (GA). It is unclear how this affects mortality. The authors investigated the effect ...
Umgang mit heterogenen Kundengruppen

In the literature on public management, the customer plays a prominent role. At the same time, however, the term „customer“ is treated with a certain amount of vagueness. In particular, little attention is paid to the fact that employees in public offices are confronted with a pronounced heterogeneity in the customer structure they have to deal with. The aim of the article is to describe what customer orientation means in public management today, and the role that the aspect of heterogeneity plays in this respect. In addition, an analysis is made of the factors which have an influence on the treatment of heterogeneous customer groups. Recommendations are then derived from the relevant findings.
Improving Stability and Dissolution of Amorphous Clofazimine by Polymer Nano-Coating

To inhibit the surface crystallization and enhance the dissolution of the basic amorphous drug clofazimine by polymer nano-coating. The free surface of amorphous clofazimine was coated by dip coating in an alginate solution at pH 7. The stability of the coated amorphous drug against crystallization was evaluated by X-ray diffraction and light microscopy. The effect of coating on dissolution rate was measured in simulated gastric fluid in an USP-II apparatus at 37°C. At pH 7, the weak base clofazimine (pKa = 8.5) is positively charged, while the weak alginic acid (pKa = 3.5) is negatively charged, allowing coating by electrostatic deposition. Coated amorphous particles remain nearly amorphous after one year under the accelerated testing condition 40°C/75% R.H. and show faster dissolution than uncoated particles. In the first hour of dissolution, coated amorphous particles dissolve 50% faster than uncoated amorphous particles, and a factor of 3 faster than crystalline particles of the same size. A pharmaceutically acceptable polymer, alginate, is coated on amorphous clofazimine by electrostatic deposition and effectively inhibits its surface crystallization and enhances its dissolution rate. This is the first time the nano-coating technique is applied to a basic drug using the principle of electrostatic deposition, demonstrating the generality of the approach.
Family Communication and Messages about Race and Identity in Black Families in the United States

Racial minority families engage in “racial socialization,” the process by which individuals develop meaning and understanding of what race is, and its implications. While parents are often seen as ...
PARITY-NONCONSERVATION EFFECTS IN THE TWO-NUCLEON SYSTEM-SENSITIVITY TO THE SHORT-RANGE STRONG NUCLEAR FORCE

Publisher Summary This chapter explores the parity-nonconservation effects in the two-nucleon system-sensitivity to the short-range strong nuclear force. The weak N–N interaction is of short range, and its calculated effects are expected to be sensitive to the short-range correlations of the nuclear wave function. The chapter presents a calculation of the photon circular polarization in np radiative capture at thermal energies for a class of weak-interaction Hamiltonians and several short range nonlocal phase-equivalent transformations of the Reid soft-core potential. The calculations were done in coordinate space and were exact, except for the usual first-order approximation in the weak and electromagnetic interactions. The calculations are greatly simplified by the use of Green's functions for the full strong Hamiltonian. For scattering states, this Green's function is most conveniently calculated from the physical radial scattering solution and a solution which has a pure outgoing-wave asymptotic form. Once this Green's function is calculated, Pγ for various weak Hamiltonians and strong Hamiltonians may be calculated by a direct quadrature. The modification of the electromagnetic operators because of the velocity dependence of the phase-equivalent strong Hamiltonians is not taken into account.
14 Organic gas-phase ion chemistry

This review summarizes the physical organic chemistry studies utilizing gas-phase ion chemistry in the past year. For more than 20 years, gas-phase ion chemistry has provided insight into mechanisms of chemical reactions through studies of reactivity, structure, and thermochemistry of neutral and ionic substrates. Whereas initial studies often involved the use of simple mass spectrometric methods (by today's standards) of an ion source and a detector, modern methods are more sophisticated, as are the problems being investigated. Thus, in addition to gaining insight into the role that solvation plays in stabilizing ionic structures, as with Kass and Wang's studies of zwitterionic pyridinium carboxylates, or the effect of ionization on reaction potential energy surfaces, as illustrated by the electron-catalyzed Cope rearrangement study by Hammad and Wenthold, gas-phase ion chemistry has been applied to modern, burgeoning areas of chemistry including host–guest chemistry, in the report of “molecular mousetraps” by Beauchamp and co-workers, and abiogenesis, where Cooks and co-workers tout the potential role of ionic serine clusters.As with last year, we identified papers for this review by considering contributions to the standard organic, physical, and mass spectrometry journals. The selected articles are those that address the issue of reactivity and structure of organic molecules. Because our emphasis in this work is on the chemistry that is observed and the main conclusions, information regarding the instrumental technique is generally not provided. Most reactivity studies were carried out by using Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR), quadrupole ion trap, or flowing afterglow techniques, but some studies involved the use of tandem methods. Most of the spectroscopic studies involved the use of photoelectron spectroscopy, or a variation thereof. Even more so than we did last year, we have omitted most papers that are mainly organometallic or theoretical in nature. Yet, despite the more stringent selection, we have included 45 more papers than we did last year.In last year's article, we noted the problem of whether to include biological studies. As with most areas of organic chemistry, the biological influence in gas-phase ion chemistry is undeniable, and evident in all aspects of this review. This year we also include a section on biological studies, which included studies of larger substrates such as peptides.The articles summarized in this review are organized into broad classifications: reactivity, reactive species, spectroscopy, and thermochemistry. As has been traditionally the case with this report, we separate the reactivity studies into multiple sections including one specially addressing stereoselective reactivity and stereochemical analysis, and one addressing structures and energetics of biologically relevant molecules.A 2003 edition of Topics in Current Chemistry had a mass spectrometry focus, with reviews covering aspects of reactivity, metalorganic chemistry and methodology. Many of the topics included in the volume were related to organic mass spectrometry.
Practical Methods for Assessing the Quality of Subjective Selection Processes

Selection processes are everywhere in business and society: new product development, college admissions, hiring, and even academic journal submissions. Information on candidates is typically combined in a subjective or holistic manner, making assessment of the quality of the process challenging. In this paper, we address the question, “how can we determine the effectiveness of a selection process?” We show that even if selection is subjective, we can evaluate the process by measuring an additional audit variable that is at least somewhat predictive of performance. This approach can be used either with or without observing eventual performance. We illustrate our methods with data from two commercial settings in which new product opportunities are selected.