cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Right to a Healthy Social Environment: Protecting Children from Social Toxicity

Some kids are smarter than others. Some are better looking than others. Some are kinder and more sensitive than others. Some are more talented than others. Some are more confident than others. But all these differences pale in comparison with what kids share and kids do not change much at their core over the years. They want to be valued and accepted. They want to be safe. They want to learn and explore. They want to play and have fun. They need to find meaning in their lives and make a spiritual connection (Garbarino, 1995).
Babel Now: An Essay on Fluency and Disfluency

Let me begin this chapter with a quotation from Walter Cronkite. In a television interview of President Reagan, Cronkite wished to introduce a rather blunt question suggesting a parallel between Soviet intervention in Afghanistan and American intervention in El Salvador. The final portion of Cronkite’s lead-in was as follows: “what what’s where where’s the where why isn’t that a parallel situation” (Kowal, Bassett, & O’Connell, 1985, p. 15). Printed as baldly as it is here, it does not look very complimentary.It is difficult, in fact, to imagine one of the top TV anchormen in the world being so…. Perhaps the reader would care to supply the appropriate adjective. Was Cronkite being inarticulate? Disfluent? Hesitant? Ineffective? Did he make himself look silly in this situation? The question is, of course, unfair precisely because the total context is needed to make any judgement. Suffice it to say that President Reagan’s reaction was not to bristle and not to refuse to answer the question on the ground that it was an impertinence. Quite the contrary; he laughed aloud and replied jovially and at length. I suspect too that, had we inquired of TV viewers immediately after the program, they would have agreed that Cronkite had been his usual friendly, articulate self, completely in command of the situation.
Scaled analogue experiments in electromagnetic scattering

Bertrand Russell famously contemplated a table: ‘depending upon the angle one has upon looking at it, and the way the light and shadows fall across it, it will appear one way to one observer, another way to another. Since no two people can see it from precisely the same point of view, and since the light falls on it differently from different points of view, it will not look the same to anyone’, he noted, and the philosopher asked ‘But if that is so, does it make any sense to say what the real shape (or color, or texture) the table REALLY is?’ To the physicist it makes sense to deduce as many properties of an object as possible and to predict what it would look like under different observing conditions. These are the inverse respectively direct problems of electromagnetic scattering. It is interesting that it is through experience acquired by observing (and active ‘experimentation’ in part through play) that humankind and other life forms develop the ability to deduct what their observations signify, and interpretation requires no theoretical knowledge. This illustrates that observations and ‘trial-and-error’ experience suffice to work out the inverse problem in scattering theory to some level that has practical use, at least in the realms of geometric optics where the physics of interaction simplify.
Functional and anatomical relationships between the medial precentral cortex, dorsal striatum, and head direction cell circuitry. I. Recording studies.

Head direction (HD) cells are located primarily within the limbic system, but small populations of extralimbic HD cells are found in the medial precentral cortex (PrCM) and dorsal striatum (DS). Th...
Sources of Nonmedical Prescription Drug Misuse Among US High School Seniors: Differences in Motives and Substance Use Behaviors.

Objective To examine whether sources of nonmedical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD) involving anxiolytics, opioids, and stimulants were associated with sociodemographic characteristics, NMUPD characteristics (eg, frequency), and other substance use. Method Nationally representative samples of US high school seniors (N = 18,549) were surveyed by self-administered questionnaires (2009–2016). Design-based latent class analysis and Rao-Scott χ2 tests were used to test associations among sociodemographic characteristics, NMUPD characteristics, other substance use behaviors (eg, binge drinking, cigarette smoking, marijuana use), and NMUPD sources. Results Approximately 11.0% of high school seniors reported past-year NMUPD (n = 1,917). A substantial proportion of nonmedical users obtained the prescription drugs from multiple sources (44.2%). Latent class analysis identified 5 subgroups of NMUPD sources (friend/relative sources, friend/purchased sources, own leftover prescription, multiple sources, and other sources). Nonmedical users who obtained prescription drugs from friend/purchased sources were more likely to be adolescent boys, whereas those who used their own leftover prescriptions were more likely to be adolescent girls. Nonmedical users who obtained prescription drugs from multiple sources were more involved in substance use. In contrast, adolescent nonmedical users who used their own leftover prescriptions were less involved in substance use. Conclusion Growing evidence indicates that different NMUPD sources are associated with different substance use behaviors. All NMUPD sources should be discouraged, because they place individuals, families, and communities at risk. Patients and their families should receive education on how to manage and properly dispose of controlled medications to avoid diversion into the community. Prescribers are encouraged to check prescription monitoring programs and screen adolescents for substance use/misuse when prescribing controlled medications.
Training Teachers to Increase Behavior-Specific Praise: A Meta-Analysis

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to synthesize the literature in support of training teachers to use behavior-specific praise, which is a strategy used to reduce students’ disruptive and off-t...
Artificial Intelligence and Personalized Medicine.

The development of high-throughput, data-intensive biomedical research assays and technologies has created a need for researchers to develop strategies for analyzing, integrating, and interpreting the massive amounts of data they generate. Although a wide variety of statistical methods have been designed to accommodate ‘big data,’ experiences with the use of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques suggest that they might be particularly appropriate. In addition, the results of the application of these assays reveal a great heterogeneity in the pathophysiologic factors and processes that contribute to disease, suggesting that there is a need to tailor, or ‘personalize,’ medicines to the nuanced and often unique features possessed by individual patients. Given how important data-intensive assays are to revealing appropriate intervention targets and strategies for treating an individual with a disease, AI can play an important role in the development of personalized medicines. We describe many areas where AI can play such a role and argue that AI’s ability to advance personalized medicine will depend critically on not only the refinement of relevant assays, but also on ways of storing, aggregating, accessing, and ultimately integrating, the data they produce. We also point out the limitations of many AI techniques in developing personalized medicines as well as consider areas for further research.
A comparison of polymorphism information content and mean of transformed kinships as criteria for selecting informative subsets of barley ( Hordeum vulgare L. s. l.) from the USDA Barley Core Collection

Recent advances in genetic technologies have given researchers the ability to characterize genetic marker data for large germplasm collections. While some studies are able to capitalize on entire germplasm collections, others, especially those that focus on traits that are difficult to phenotype, instead focus on a subset of the collection. Typically, subsets are selected using phenotypic or geographic data. One major hurdle in identifying favorable subsets is selecting a criterion that can be used to quantify the value of a subset. This study compares two such criteria, polymorphism information content, and a new criterion based on kinship matrices, which will be called the mean of transformed kinships. These criteria were explored in terms of their ability to select subsets that are favorable for genome wide association studies, and in their ability to select subsets that contain a high number of rare phenotypes. Using phenotypic and genotypic data that has been amassed from the USDA Barley Core Collection, evidence was found to support the hypotheses that subsets based on the mean of transformed kinships were well-suited to select subsets intended for genome-wide association studies, but the same was not found for polymorphism information content. Inversely, evidence was found to support the hypothesis that subsets based on polymorphism information content were well-suited to select subsets intended for rare-phenotype discovery, but the same was not found for subsets selected using the mean of transformed kinships criterion. Tools to select subsets using these two criteria have been released in the R package “GeneticSubsetter.”
Apport d’un entretien familial d’évaluation systémique et contextuelle dans la prise en charge d’adolescents en soins de crise

Resume Objectifs Le premier objectif est de montrer l’interet en termes d’evaluation, d’un entretien familial dans une approche systemique et contextuelle pour des adolescents en situation de crise. Le deuxieme objectif est d’explorer l’impact des problematiques relationnelles dans la genese des troubles psychiatriques. Methodes Dans le cadre d’un dispositif de soins pour adolescents, un entretien familial d’evaluation des relations familiales a ete propose en debut de prise en charge. Le temoignage de chacun est soutenu par le principe de la partialite multidirectionnelle du therapeute et par l’eclairage particulier qui est donne a l’aspect ethique des relations familiales suivant l’approche contextuelle. L’analyse du contenu de ces consultations familiales conduit a reperer des difficultes relationnelles, notamment du fait de la parentification et des conflits de loyaute, qui s’opposent a la legitimite constructive. Resultats Cette etude repose sur l’analyse de 20 cas cliniques. Les symptomes principaux des adolescents concernes etaient des tentatives de suicide (8 cas), de la depression (5 cas), des ruptures scolaires (3 cas), des conduites a risque (3 cas) et de l’anorexie (1 cas). L’analyse des 8 cas de tentatives de suicide a mis en evidence 6 situations de conflits de loyaute et 3 de parentification. Sept fois sur 8 les tentatives de suicide etaient associees a une legitimite destructrice. Conclusions Cette etude souligne l’interet d’un entretien familial contextuel et pose l’hypothese d’un lien en termes de causalite entre conflit de loyaute et troubles des conduites associees a des formes d’auto-agressivite, pouvant elles-memes temoigner de cette legitimite destructrice.
Air embolism secondary to endoscopy in hospitalized patients: results from the National Inpatient Sample (1998-2013).

Background Air embolism is a rare, but potentially catastrophic complication of endoscopic procedures. We herein evaluated the overall incidence of air embolism after endoscopy. We also measured mortality outcomes after air embolism. Methods Patients who underwent endoscopy as an index procedure during hospitalization were selected from the National Inpatient Sample from 1998-2013. The primary outcome of interest was the incidence of air embolism after endoscopy. All-cause mortality after endoscopy was measured as a secondary outcome and the Charlson Comorbidity Index was calculated. Binary logistic regression was used to explore the effect of air embolism on inpatient mortality, using P<0.05 as level of significance. Results A total of 2,245,291 patients met the inclusion criteria. Mean age at the time of procedure was 62.5 years. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) was the most common endoscopic procedure, accounting for 80% of endoscopic procedures. Air embolism occurred in 13 cases, giving a rate of 0.57 per 100,000 endoscopic procedures. Air embolism was most common after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), occurring in 3.32 per 100,000 procedures, compared with 0.44 and 0.38 per 100,000 procedures for EGD and colonoscopy, respectively. The case fatality rate for post endoscopic air embolism was 15.4%. After adjusting for covariates, air embolism after endoscopy was independently associated with higher odds of inpatient mortality: odds ratio 10.35, 95% confidence interval 1.21-88.03 (P<0.03). Conclusions Air embolism is most common after ERCP. It is frequently associated with disorders involving a breach to the gastrointestinal mucosa or vasculature. Though rare, it is an independent predictor of inpatient mortality.
Technologies in supply chain management and logistics

Abstract Until recently, technology has been considered an enabler for improvements in underlying supply chain and logistics operations. However, recent trends in society and business, such as mobile computing, social media, and online retailing, have significantly changed almost every aspect of the supply chain and logistics landscape. In this chapter the following technologies were found to have a pervasive role in altering this landscape: • Maturing technologies • Optimization software • Sensors/Telematics • Cloud computing • Data warehouse and integration • Automated storage and retrieval • Growth technologies • Mobility • Wearability • Data analytics • Social media • Emerging technologies • 3D printing • Drones • Autonomous vehicles • Exponential • Blockchain • Internet of Things • Virtual reality • Machine learning Each of these technologies will be discussed along with videos illustrating their use.
From the ground up: microhabitat use within a landscape context frames the spatiotemporal scale of settlement and vacancy dynamics in an endemic habitat specialist

Understanding how species are distributed throughout landscapes requires knowledge of the hierarchy of habitat selection made by individuals, the resulting spatiotemporal structure of demography, and the consequent dynamics of localized populations. We examined how patterns of habitat use, settlement, and vacancy in an endemic habitat specialist, Sceloporus arenicolus (dunes sagebrush lizard), varied within the Mescalero Monahans Sandhills ecosystem. We used a 4-year mark-recapture dataset to develop occupancy models that identified whether microhabitat or landscape scale best predicted S. arenicolus spatiotemporal habitat use, settlement, and vacancy, in both an undisturbed and disturbed landscape. Our results showed areas of high quality habitat were used constantly and lower quality areas were used intermittently, but repeatedly, over time in the undisturbed landscape. Habitat use in the disturbed landscape was spatiotemporally unpredictable. Microhabitat variables characterizing dune landscape topography predicted probability of use in S. arenicolus, while landscape-scale variables predicted probabilities of settlement and vacancy. In the undisturbed landscape, future settlement was predicted by presence of S. arenicolus, a pattern consistent with fine-scale source-sink dynamics already described for this species. Our results illustrate how spatially-discrete but temporally-linked areas should be conserved at fine spatiotemporal scales to secure persistence of S. arenicolus populations under variable environmental conditions. Disturbances to habitat continuity can disrupt individual movements and create inconsistently occupied habitat patches that appear to be unoccupied and thus are threatened by further disturbances.
Towards rational design and optimization of near-field enhancement and spectral tunability of hybrid core-shell plasmonic nanoprobes

In biology, sensing is a major driver of discovery. A principal challenge is to create a palette of probes that offer near single-molecule sensitivity and simultaneously enable multiplexed sensing and imaging in the “tissue-transparent” near-infrared region. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering and metal-enhanced fluorescence have shown substantial promise in addressing this need. Here, we theorize a rational design and optimization strategy to generate nanostructured probes that combine distinct plasmonic materials sandwiching a dielectric layer in a multilayer core shell configuration. The lower energy resonance peak in this multi-resonant construct is found to be highly tunable from visible to the near-IR region. Such a configuration also allows substantially higher near-field enhancement, compared to a classical core-shell nanoparticle that possesses a single metallic shell, by exploiting the differential coupling between the two core-shell interfaces. Combining such structures in a dimer configuration, which remains largely unexplored at this time, offers significant opportunities not only for near-field enhancement but also for multiplexed sensing via the (otherwise unavailable) higher order resonance modes. Together, these theoretical calculations open the door for employing such hybrid multi-layered structures, which combine facile spectral tunability with ultrahigh sensitivity, for biomolecular sensing.
Race capital? Harlem as setting and symbol, edited by Andrew M. Fearnley and Daniel Matlin, New York, Columbia University Press, 2018 and The legend of the Black Mecca: Politics and class in the making of modern Atlanta, by Maurice J. Hobson, Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press, 2017

Harlem and Atlanta evoke similar spatial representations in the popular imagination. Harlem, the original Black Mecca of the United States, has existed as a contradictory place of Black normalcy an...
Efficacy and safety of peroral cholangioscopy with intraductal lithotripsy for difficult biliary stones: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Peroral cholangioscopy with intraductal lithotripsy facilitates optically guided stone fragmentation of difficult biliary stones refractory to conventional endoscopic therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of peroral cholangioscopy with intraductal lithotripsy for difficult biliary stones. Methods Searches of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases were performed in accordance with PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. Measured outcomes included overall fragmentation success, single-session fragmentation and duct clearance, and rate of adverse events. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed based upon cholangioscopy technique and type of lithotripsy (laser versus electrohydraulic). Heterogeneity was assessed with I 2 statistics. Publication bias was ascertained by funnel plot and Egger regression testing. Results 35 studies were included with 1762 participants (43.4 % men; mean age 61.5 [standard deviation (SD) 11.0]). Prior cholecystectomy had been performed in 37 % of patients, with a mean number of 1.6 (SD 0.5) ERCPs performed prior to lithotripsy. Mean stone size was 1.8 (SD 0.3) cm. Peroral cholangioscopy with intraductal lithotripsy achieved an overall stone fragmentation success of 91.2 % (95 %CI 88.1 % – 93.6 %; I 2 = 63.2 %) with an average of 1.3 [SD 0.6] lithotripsy sessions performed. Complete single-session fragmentation success was 76.9 % (95 %CI 71.6 % – 81.4 %; I 2 = 74.3 %). The adverse events rate was 8.9 % (95 %CI 6.5 % – 12.2 %; I 2 = 60.6 %). Mean procedure time for peroral cholangioscopy was 67.1 (SD 21.4) minutes. There was no difference in overall fragmentation rate or adverse events; however, laser lithotripsy was associated with a higher single-session fragmentation rate and shorter procedure time compared with electrohydraulic lithotripsy. Conclusions Peroral cholangioscopy with intraductal lithotripsy appears to be a relatively safe and effective modality for difficult biliary stones.
Language and Groundwater: Symbolic Gradients of the Anthropocene

This article argues that geographers must study the power of words as integral parts of human–environment relationships, with particular attention to local meanings, to intervene more effectively i...
A buffer-free concept bubble chamber for PICO dark matter searches

In this paper, we report on the successful operation at Drexel University of the PICO collaboration's first C3F8 buffer-free prototype fluorocarbon bubble chamber. Previous PICO bubble chambers have produced world-leading WIMP search results with fluorocarbon target fluids, separated from the steel bellows by a buffer layer of water. Surface tension effects at the jar walls and liquid-liquid interface lead to a class of background events which have nuclear-recoil-like acoustic signatures and thus contaminate the WIMP-like signal region in analysis. Thus new bubble chambers are to be constructed "right-side-up", meaning that the jar of C3F8 is above the bellows with no water inside the inner vessel. The Drexel Bubble Chamber (DBC), runs successfully at and below the nuclear recoil thresholds used by PICO for WIMP searches, including thresholds as low as 1.19 keV . We have demonstrated sensitivity to 137Cs gammas and spontaneous fission neutrons from 244Cm, and acoustic alpha discrimination is demonstrated to be possible although the observed rate of alpha decays is very low. Position reconstruction from stereoscopic imaging allows for basic analysis cuts for calibration data. The successful construction and operation of this prototype confirm the effectiveness of the right-side-up design, which will be used in future dark matter searches such as PICO-40L and PICO-500.
Emergency! Web 2.0 to the Rescue!

Emergent serendipity fosters volunteerism driven by creative problem solving, not simply following directions.
Consciousness, Doctrine, and Politics in the History of American Family Law

This is a complete but unfinished draft of an article on the history of American family law. The first part describes four stages in the legal conceptualization of the family in the U.S. over the period from the late 18th century to ca. 1960. It is part of a larger intellectual history project depicting the stages of American legal consciousness as a whole. In this part, I treat the socio-economic background and the political struggles that shape and are shaped by consciousness as context for the story of conceptual change. In the second longer part of the piece, I present the interaction of political forces with legal consciousness (as evolved in Part One), along with social, economic and cultural change, in a single narrative of the historic transformation of American family law doctrine, ca. 1950-2015. This part defines family law broadly to include rules about marriage and parenthood along with social welfare law and the law of sex and reproduction, and includes their constitutionalization. It is in the tradition of political economy, starting with conflicting groups led by elites, understood not just as collections of individuals but as loose collectives with goals and strategies that are based on shared material and ideological interests. An important theme is the influence on legal change of tacit pro-sex and neo-puritan attitudes within the law making elites.
Positive School Psychology

Central to building a positive institution is the integration of psychological services into the daily operation of schools. While an ideal model would see the psychologist as a specialist staff member it also focuses on building organisational capabilities to strengthen the reach of psychological specialists. With current psychologist-tostudent ratios ranging from 1:1500 to 1:2000 across most Australian school systems (Faulkner, InPsych: The Bulletin of the Australian Psychological Society, 29(4), 10–13, 2007), the traditional welfare approach in schools typically reaches a minority of the population and does not necessarily help to raise the overall well-being of the student population. The two questions that must be addressed are, firstly, what are schools doing to support the students who don’t seek help, and secondly, what can schools do to further prevent mental illness? This chapter outlines the theoretical and applied shift of St. Peter’s College’s psychological and counselling services, from the welfare model to the integration of the well-being model. Welfare models in schools tend to be reactive and aim to reduce the risk, prevalence, and severity of mental illness and psychopathology (e.g. anxiety, depression), and treatment is usually focused on the individual’s deficits (Seligman and Csikszentmihalyi, American Psychologist, 55(1), 5–14, 2000). Building upon existing interventions in the school, the proactive well-being model uses a positive psychology approach and promotes well-being and resilience in the whole-school community. Using Caplan’s (Principles of prevention psychiatry, 1964) principles of preventative mental health to highlight the shift, traditional preventative approaches have been incorporated into the school’s well-being framework, creating change in the counselling setting and throughout the school, the full spectrum of mental health, from psychopathology, to the prevention of mental illness, and the promotion of well-being and flourishing for all students.
Clinical and pathologic differentiation of certain special ovarian tumors

Abstract From the very broad field so briefly and incompletely summarized in this paper, we may select a few points of especial interest and importance to the gynecologist and the pathologist, viz: 1. 1. The granulosa cell carcinoma is relatively frequent, and, since its recognition is usually not difficult, there should be a sharper lookout for it in laboratories of pathology than has hitherto been the case. 2. 2. While precocious puberty may be due to various other endocrine lesions, the occurrence of this syndrome in association with an ovarian tumor should at once lead to the suspicion of granulosa cell tumor, and this suspicion will usually be proved correct. 3. 3. When curettage in cases of uterine bleeding occurring in women long after the menopause yields a typical endometrial hyperplasia, a granulosa cell carcinoma should be suspected even if, as in very stout patients, it cannot be felt. If a tumor can be palpated, the suspicion becomes almost a certainty. 4. 4. During reproductive life, the symptoms produced by granulosa cell cancer, aside from those of ovarian tumors in general, are like those characterizing the more common type of hyperestrinism. Menstruation is usually excessive, often irregular, sometimes normal, while long periods of amenorrhea are not uncommon. 5. 5. While in most cases the microscopic examination of granulosa cell cancer can be made from the morphology and the growth characteristics of the granulosal cells, many cases will be overlooked unless one is familiar with the many patterns produced by the connective tissue changes and by the apparent intermutability of the epithelial and connective derivatives of the progranulosal ovarian mesenchyme. 6. 6. Arrhenoblastoma should always be suspected if an ovarian tumor is demonstrated in a woman who, though previously of normal feminine type, has exhibited symptoms of defeminization or actual masculinization. 7. 7. Disgerminoma, on the other hand, often occurs in sexually subnormal or pseudohermaphroditic patients, though the tumor has nothing to do with the production of such manifestations, which do not regress with the removal of the tumor, as is the case with arrhenoblastoma. 8. 8. The Brenner tumor of the pure or solid type is readily recognizable, but it must be remembered that the same histogenetic factor is concerned in the more and more frequently reported fibroma ovarii adenocysticum, as well as in at least a small proportion of serous and pseudomucinous cystadenomas. 9. 9. The usual block or two made from ovarian tumors for pathologic study is often not sufficient for a proper evaluation of their real nature. With many tumors, such as those discussed in this paper, the study of sections from many parts of the tumor is always desirable, and often absolutely essential if a proper pathologic interpretation is to be made
Computational Aspects of Constrained L1-L2 Minimization for Compressive Sensing

We study the computational properties of solving a constrained L 1-L 2 minimization via a difference of convex algorithm (DCA), which was proposed in our previous work [13,19] to recover sparse signals from a under-determined linear system. We prove that the DCA converges to a stationary point of the nonconvex L 1-L 2 model. We clarify the relationship of DCA to a convex method, Bregman iteration [20] for solving a constrained L 1 minimization. Through experiments, we discover that both L 1 and L 1-L 2 obtain better recovery results from more coherent matrices, which appears unknown in theoretical analysis of exact sparse recovery. In addition, numerical studies motivate us to consider a weighted difference model L 1-αL 2 (α > 1) to deal with ill-conditioned matrices when L 1-L 2 fails to obtain a good solution.
Social Abstractions for Information Agents

Most of the modern applications of computing technology arise in large-scale, open, information-rich environments. Open environments are distinguished by fact of having a number of networked and interrelated, but heterogeneous, information resources. The applications include ubiquitous information access, electronic commerce, virtual enterprises, logistics, and sensor integration, to name but a few. These applications differ from conventional database applications not only in the nature and variety of information they involve, but also in including a significant component that is beyond the information system. An information system must inevitably perform its immediate duties: create, store, transform, use, and dispose of information. However, as the above applications suggest, there is a large world outside the realm of pure information where reside physical and economic objects and organizational processes that manipulate them.
Use of tritium and helium to define groundwater flow conditions in Everglades National Park

The concentrations of tritium ( 3 H) and helium isotopes ( 3 He and 4 He) were used as tracers of groundwater flow in the surficial aquifer system (SAS) beneath Everglades National Park (ENP), south Florida. From ages determined by 3 H/ 3 He dating techniques, groundwater within the upper 28 m originated within the last 30 years. Below 28 m, waters originated prior to 30 years before present with evidence of mixing at the interface. Interannual variation of the 3 H/ 3 He ages within the upper 28 m was significant throughout the 3 year investigation, corresponding with varying hydrologic conditions. In the region of Taylor Slough Bridge, younger groundwater was consistently detected below older groundwater in the Biscayne Aquifer, suggesting preferential flow to the lower part of the aquifer. An increase in He with depth in the SAS indicated that radiogenic 4 He produced in the underlying Hawthorn Group migrates into the SAS by diffusion. Higher Δ 4 He values in brackish groundwaters compared to fresh waters from similar depths suggested a possible enhanced vertical transport of 4 He in the seawater mixing zone. Groundwater salinity measurements indicated the presence of a wide (6-28 km) seawater mixing zone. Comparison of groundwater levels with surface water levels in this zone indicated the potential for brackish groundwater discharge to the overlying Everglades surface water.
Chloro(1,5-cyclo­octa­diene)(tri­phenyl­phosphine)­rhodium(I)

The crystal and molecular structure of the title compound, [RhCl(C8H12){P(C6H5)3}], has been determined by means of X-ray diffraction. Compounds of this nature are important because of their ability to act as homogenous hydrogenation catalysts and to serve as precursors for more elaborate compounds.
Ice Crystal Icing Engine Testing in the NASA Glenn Research Center's Propulsion Systems Laboratory: Altitude Investigation

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) conducted a full scale ice crystal icing turbofan engine test using an obsolete Allied Signal ALF502-R5 engine in the Propulsion Systems Laboratory (PSL) at NASA Glenn Research Center. The test article used was the exact engine that experienced a loss of power event after the ingestion of ice crystals while operating at high altitude during a 1997 Honeywell flight test campaign investigating the turbofan engine ice crystal icing phenomena. The test plan included test points conducted at the known flight test campaign field event pressure altitude and at various pressure altitudes ranging from low to high throughout the engine operating envelope. The test article experienced a loss of power event at each of the altitudes tested. For each pressure altitude test point conducted the ambient static temperature was predicted using a NASA engine icing risk computer model for the given ambient static pressure while maintaining the engine speed.
The variable property grain model applied to the zinc oxide-hydrogen sulfide reaction

Abstract The variable property grain model, including the effect of grain diffusion resistance, has been applied to experimental results from the reaction of hydrogen sulfide with zinc oxide. Grain radius is assumed to vary under the combined effects of sintering and extent of reaction. Property variations are correlated by the specific surface area, an easily measured quantity. All model parameters with the exception of the grain diffusion coefficient have been evaluated by literature correlations or independent experimental measurements. Significant improvement in the match with experimental data, as compared to the constant property grain model, has been achieved.
when paradigms collide: introduction to symbolism and cognition II

In August 1982 the American Ethnologist published a special issue on Symbolism and Cognition (vol. 8, no. 3), culminating, we thought, a process of scholarly development that began with an idea introduced during the first editorial board meeting in 1979 under Whitten's editorship. More recently, we published a complement to that issue, Economic and Ecological Processes in Society and Culture (vol. 9, no. 2), that opened with a discussion of the etymology of both economy and ecology from the Greek root oikos (Cudeman and Whitten, AE 9:223, 1982). This discussion of the fundamental duality lying at the heart of systems of human management led to an arrangement of papers that began with neoMarxian-inspired analyses, then proceeded from micro-analyses based on a theory of optimal foraging as constituted by cost/benefit metaphors, on through an econometric critique of the "perfect market" model, to end the issue on a decidedly human note:
Bouncing Back from a Breakup: Attachment, Time Perspective, Mental Health, and Romantic Loss

Coping with a romantic breakup is a normal developmental task of emerging adulthood. Because of their role in influencing interpersonal relationships and adjustment, attachment history and time perspectives may influence resilience to romantic loss. In an online survey of 1,404 university students ages 18–25 who reported experiencing recent breakups, individuals with secure parental bonding, past positive time orientation, and lower future relationship orientation reported less distress after their breakup. However, time perspectives did not buffer the negative effects of poor parental bonding on mental health. These results suggest that professionals counseling college students experiencing breakups might consider addressing parental bonding and time orientation.
Separation and Quantitative Determination of Adrenaline Using Thin-Layer Chromatography

The separation of adrenaline from noradrenaline and dopamine and its quantitative determination using thin-layer chromatography have been studied. A complete spot separation of the above amines can be achieved by the use of cellulose thin layers and a phenol-water solvent system. For the quantitative determination of the separated adrenaline two methods were used, namely (a) a method studying the weight/area relationship of the spots and (b) a method employing elution of the spots and measurement of the ultraviolet absorption of the eluents.
Globalization and Electronic Commerce: Inferences from Retail Brokering

E-commerce has contributed to the retail brokerage industry becoming more global and more contestable. By examining the different stages of the value chain, we can analyze the differential impact of the information and communication technology (ICT) revolution on each segment of the industry. To date, the primary drivers of globalization have been manifested at the ‘wholesale’ stage of the industry. In contrast, important features of the broker-customer interface have perpetuated a multi-locational competitive structure at the retail stage of the industry. Nevertheless, actual and potential competition has been significantly increased by the spread of e-commerce at all stages of the industry. E-commerce innovations encourage both standardization and variety within an increasingly competitive industry.
Development of a molecular-dynamics-based cluster-heat-capacity model for study of homogeneous condensation in supersonic water-vapor expansions

Supersonic expansions to vacuum produce clusters of sufficiently small size that properties such as heat capacities and latent heat of evaporation cannot be described by bulk vapor thermodynamic values. In this work the Monte-Carlo Canonical-Ensemble (MCCE) method was used to provide potential energies and constant-volume heat capacities for small water clusters. The cluster structures obtained using the well-known simple point charge model were found to agree well with earlier simulations using more rigorous potentials. The MCCE results were used as the starting point for molecular dynamics simulations of the evaporation rate as a function of cluster temperature and size which were found to agree with unimolecular dissociation theory and classical nucleation theory. The heat capacities and latent heat obtained from the MCCE simulations were used in direct-simulation Monte-Carlo of two experiments that measured Rayleigh scattering and terminal dimer mole fraction of supersonic water-jet expansions. Water-cluster temperature and size were found to be influenced by the use of kinetic rather than thermodynamic heat-capacity and latent-heat values as well as the nucleation model.
Evaluating the effect of rejuvenators on the degree of blending and performance of high RAP, RAS, and RAP/RAS mixtures

The objective of this study was to examine if asphalt rejuvenators can offset the stiffness attributed by the hardened binder from reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and reclaimed asphalt shingles (RAS) in mixtures that incorporate high RAP and RAS content without adverse impact on the performance of the mixtures. Also, to assess, if rejuvenators can help the hardened binder from the RAP/RAS comingle with the virgin binder. Overall, the results showed that asphalt rejuvenators can mitigate the stiffness of the resultant binder. The cracking characteristics of the mixture improved by the addition of the rejuvenators, however, the rutting and moisture susceptibility were adversely impacted at the dosage and the testing conditions used. Also, the tests results at 4°C generally showed that there was blending of the rejuvenated and virgin binder, however, no conclusion could be made at the higher temperatures.
Monotone effect of dependency between interarrival and service times in a simple queueing system

Abstract Most practical queueing systems have dependencies between arrival and service patterns. In this paper we consider a simple queueing system with interarrival and service times having bivariate exponential distribution. With the marginal distributions of both interarrival and service times fixed, we study the effect of the dependency, which is defined as the correlation coefficient between the interarrival and service times, on the system performance. We show that the customer waiting time is monotonically decreasing in the dependency in increasing convex ordering sense. This result is consistent with the numerical findings reported in the literature.
Correlates of Alcohol and Marijuana Use among Junior High School Students: Family, Peers, School Problems, and Psychosocial Concerns

This study analyzes survey data collected from over 400 junior high school students in Grades 7 and 8 in an attempt to determine the relationships between family drug use factors; peer drug use fac...
The Viking Complex Field, Blocks 49/12a, 49/16, 49/17, UK North Sea

Abstract The Viking complex consists of several separate gas accumulations within Blocks 49/12a, 49/16 and 49/17 of the southern North Sea. The entire field is located on the northeast flank of the Sole Pit Basin, approximately 140 km off the Lincolnshire coast. North Viking was discovered in March 1969; South Viking was discovered in December 1968. Conoco (UK) Ltd operates the Viking complex on behalf of BP. North and South Viking consist of two parallel elongated faulted anticlines trending NW-SE. The gas-producing structures are largely fault controlled. The reservoir comprises Rotliegendes Group sands of Early Permian age. The gas-bearing Rotliegendes consists of stacked aeolian and fluvial sands with a gross thickness range of 430-720 ft (131-222 m, thickest on South Viking). Porosities range from 7-25% and the average permeability range is 0.1 md to over 1000 md in the producing zones. The total Viking gas-in-place is almost 3.2 TCF, with recoverable reserves estimated at 2.83 TCF. North Viking came onstream in October 1972 and is developed by a five-platform complex. South Viking came onstream in August 1973 and is developed by a three-platform complex into which are linked five unmanned satellite platforms. The average daily production in March 1989 was 196 MMSCFD, peaking to 311 MMSCFD with seasonal demand. Gas is piped to the Conoco/BP terminal at Theddlethorpe in Lincolnshire.
Errors in the gerdien measurement of atmospheric electric conductivity

The measurement of conductivity has been an essential part of most atmospheric electricity research programs during the past century. This measurement is known to be vulnerable to a variety of potentially significant errors which can be separated into those resulting from diffusion of ions and those produced by electrical forces. Diffusion errors are caused by inlet tubing, screens, and inlet covers; and electrically produced errors may result from the effect of the accelerating potential or the potential of the apparatus itself. Detection and quantification of these errors has been the subject of several past studies which are discussed in detail. In this paper, a series of measurements and theoretical analyses is described in which the effects of each error mechanism are isolated, measured, and analyzed, and in which prior error reduction schemes are tested. It is shown that diffusive losses in inlet ducting and structures can be significant, and analytical estimations of these losses are presented which agree well with the measurements. The losses produced by electrical forces may also be significant even when plausible ameliorative measures are taken, and operating constraints to avoid this error source are developed. Past measurements of diffusive loss are found to be consistent with these results except in one case where improper operating conditions are indicated.
Absorption patterns of intraluminal injected nitrogen mustard in the isolated right colon of the dog.

Summary Absorption patterns of local intraluminal injection of an anti-cancer drug have been studied in 37 dogs. These experiments demonstrate that injection of a high concentration of HN 2 into the isolated right colon will result in a high local concentration, plus appreciable sustained venous and lymphatic absorption. It is hoped that this type of perfusion technique might reduce the incidence of surgically induced spread of cancer, with subsequent local and distant tumor implants.
Analog micro-optics fabrication by use of a binary phase grating mask

In this paper, we present a new photo-mask technology capable of forming a continuous relief micro-optic profile on thick photo-resist. This technique eliminates many of the drawbacks of gray-scale and half-tone masking technology. An optical stepper is used to fabricate binary phase gratings of pi phase depth on a transparent quartz reticle. When the phase reticle is used in the stepper an analog intensity profile is created on the wafer. The period is constrained allowing for control of the 0 th order in the stepper. The duty cycle of the phase gratings can be varied in such a way to provide the proper analog intensity profile for a wide range of micro-optics on the photo-resist. The design, analysis, and fabrication procedures of this technique will be discussed.
Non invasive bio sensing for eye blinking and head movement

The authors present several sensing mechanisms and associated electronics developed to sense and monitor eye blinking and head nodding. The muscular vibrations around the eye are sensed by a piezoelectric crystal, a mechanical eye-blink sensor that provides the same information about eye-blinking as the optical sensor. An eight-plate metallic castle with a rotating metallic ball is the basis for the head movement or nodding sensor. The relative position of the ball within the castle provides information about the head movement. Sixteen head positions can be configured, providing very valuable information about the rate of head movement and pattern of head movement. The information from these sensors is being used in the development of expert systems for the measurement of human fatigue and similar applications. >
Characteristics of some (MOD) thin film layer type compounds in the bismuth titanate-lead titanate system

Abstract Layer type Aurivillius compounds of complex ferroelectric bismuth oxides have become important as thin films for nonvolatile, random-access memories(DRAMS). This paper reports the investigation of the formation of these compounds and their electrical properties, in the bismuth titanate-lead titanate system. Films were formed using the metallo-organic decomposition (MOD) spin-on solution process. These solutions were spun onto a platinized Si substrate and then fired at 700°C to form 1 μm thick films of bismuth titanate and lead titanate. The films were analyzed using microprobe and x-ray diffraction analyses. Next, the solutions were blended to give compounds from m = 4 to m = 7; where m is defined as the potential number of perovskite-like units between (Bi2O2)+2 layers. The blended solutions were processed exactly like the bismuth titanate and lead titanate solutions. X-ray diffraction analysis was used to determine if Aurivillius layer compounds were formed. Ferroelectric hysteresis loops were...
Fluidized bed pyrolysis of a Uinta basin oil sand

Abstract The pyrolysis of the mined and crushed ore from the Whiterocks oil sand deposit was studied in a fluidized bed reactor. The reactor was designed to operate by pulling the fluidizing gas through the reactor rather than by pushing the gas through the bed. This was accomplished by reducing the pressure above the bed with a gas pump operating in the suction mode. This mode of operation resulted in smooth, stable fluidization without slugging at H D ratios up to 8. Pyrolysis energy was supplied by a propane burner, and the hot combustion gases were used to fluidize the bed. Operating the pyrolysis reactor without slugging allowed the reactor to be operated at lower temperatures than previously reported for equivalent liquid product yields. The bitumen-derived liquid yields ranged from 80 to 90 wt% based on bitumen fed to the reactor in the temperature range 720–773 K. Less than 1 wt% of the bitumen fed to the reactor was converted into a carbonaceous residue on the spent sand.