cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopy in uterovaginal anomalies.

Providing its excellent visualization, access to pelvic structures, and less postoperative adhesion, laparoscopy has been an important tool for the treatment of uterovaginal anomalies. We have used it to define the anomaly, monitor endometriosis or a hysteroscopic procedure, replace an absent vagina, and resect abnormal Mullerian structures. This article details the technique and reports the results of the use of operative laparoscopy for the treatment of uterovaginal anomalies in children and adolescents. The author's experience demonstrates some"nonclassical" applications of endosurgery in the management of these anomalies in the pediatric age.
The induction of callus in sugareane tissue cultures by selected chemicals

Immature leaf tissue of two commercial clones of sugarcane was subjected to tissue culture in Louisiana and Hawaii. The callus-incuding activity of selected compounds at 2, 4, and 20 mg/l was compared to the activity of 2,4-D at the same concentrations and to tissue on medium without a callus-inducing agent. Of the 79 compounds tested, 25 induced callus and 54 were ineffective. Ninety-six percent of the effective compounds were in chemical groups with known auxin activity. The results suggested that simple ring structure, phenol derivatives, or a halogenated hydrocarbon chain are not sufficient to induce callus. When callus was transferred to a medium lacking the inductive chemical, differentiation into shoots, roots, or both occurred in callus produced by 80% of the effective compounds.
Two reactions of [Re2Cl8]2− with diphosphines that lead to ReRe bond cleavage

Abstract Reactions of (n-Bu4N)2Re2Cl8 with the diphosphines Et2PCH2CH2PEt2 (depe) and (p-MeC6H4)2- PCH2CH2P(p-C6H4Me)2 (dtpe) were carried out under mild conditions with the hope of obtaining Re2Cl6(diphos)2 type products. On the contrary, in both cases the only isolated products contained mononuclear ReIII cations of the type [trans-ReCl2- (diphos)2]+. The following two compounds and their crystallographic characterizations are described: 1: [ReCl2(dtpe)2]Cl·-3CH2Cl2, yellow, space group P 1 , a = 17.326(2),b = 18.002(2), c=11.1931(9) A,α= 102.861(7), β=105.345(7), γ=81.111(8)γ, Z=2. 2: [ReCl2(depe)2]2 [Re2Cl8], olive green, space group Pbca,a = 23.069(3), b= 24.036(3), c = 14.818(2) A, Z = 4. The cations in each case have trans structures and bond lengths within the expected ranges. The [Re2Cl8]2− ion has the expected structure and shows the typical form of disorder, with 74% major and 26% minor orientations of the Re2 unit.
Neuromuscular dysfunction acquired during critical illness: a systematic review

Objective To determine the prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes of critical illness neuromuscular abnormalities (CINMA).
Adaptive explicit decision functions for probabilistic design and optimization using support vector machines

This article presents a methodology to generate explicit decision functions using support vector machines (SVM). A decision function is defined as the boundary between two regions of a design space (e.g., an optimization constraint or a limit-state function in reliability). The SVM-based decision function, which is initially constructed based on a design of experiments, depends on the amount and quality of the training data used. For this reason, an adaptive sampling scheme that updates the decision function is proposed. An accurate approximated explicit decision functions is obtained with a reduced number of function evaluations. Three problems are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of the update scheme to explicitly reconstruct known analytical decision functions. The chosen functions are the boundaries of disjoint regions of the design space. A convergence criterion and error measure are proposed. The scheme is also applied to the definition of an explicit failure region boundary in the case of the buckling of a geometrically nonlinear arch.
An unusual presentation of tuberous sclerosis

A 8-year-old boy presented to the emergency department for symptomatic tachycardia (heart rate 180 bpm). According to his parents, his past history was unremarkable and he had normal neurological development. On examination he was noted to have facial angiofibromas (figure 1A), hypomelanotic macules and a periungual fibroma (Koenen's tumour) on his toe (figure …
The long-term stability of early maladaptive schemas

J. E. Young’s (1995) Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMS) are assumed to be highly stable and enduring beliefs that are responsible for the persistence and poor treatment response of a variety of clinical problems. EMS are now the basis for a growing number of specialized “schema-focused” treatments. However, the critical assumption that they are stable constructs remains largely unexamined and open to question. This study examined the long-term stability of Young’s EMS in 55 depressed outpatients over a 2.5 to 5-year interval. EMS exhibited moderate to good levels of stability, even after controlling for severity of depression and neuroticism at both time points, and moderate levels of discriminant validity. A comparison of these results with existing literature revealed that the stability and discriminant validity of EMS are quite similar to the stability and discriminant validity of personality disorder features. Additional work is needed to examine the stability of EMS across greater fluctuations in mood and in different clinical populations. Our findings for the stability of EMS may be generalizable to the more general notion of core beliefs. Future work needs to focus on further theoretical development and improved measurement of EMS.
Preparation and chemisorptive properties of the clean normal and reconstructed surfaces of Ir(100) — role of multiplets

Abstract The preparation and properties of the clean normal (1 × 1)Ir(100) and the reconstructed (1 × 5)Ir(100) metal surfaces are reported. Photoemission studies of the chemisorptive bonding of carbon monoxide, of hydrogen and of oxygen on the Ir(100) surface are discussed. The possible occurrence of multiplets in the photoemission spctra for chemisorbed oxygen on cesium; Ni(111) and Ir(100) is proposed and evidence for their importance is presented.
A complete multiple unit counter with integrated output

Abstract A complete analyzer has been presented to measure and record variations of multiple unit activity. It can be directly connected to conventionally used electrodes and yields an output of 0–10 V depending on the frequency of multiple unit firings above an adjustable minimum threshold amplitude. The output can be integrated or averaged and processed by analyzing a potentiometric recorder chart output or by digital techniques.
The effects of glucose and an aldose reductase inhibitor on the sorbitol content and collagen synthesis of bovine retinal capillary pericytes in culture

Abstract The absolute rate of collagen synthesis by cultured bovine retinal capillary pericytes, determined using the specific radioactivity of proline in the cellular amino acid pool, was compared in media containing different concentrations of glucose (5, 10 or 40 m m ) and Sorbinil (0·0 or 0·1 m M ), an inhibitor of aldose reductase. The absolute rate of collagen synthesis, in proline molar terms, by pericytes in medium with 5 m m glucose was 3·3 ± 1·9 ( s.d. ) pmol 10 −7 cells 24 hr −1 , and increased significantly to 8·8 ± 3·7 pmol 10 −7 cells 24 hr −1 when the glucose concentration was increased to 40 m m . Sorbinil (0·1 m m ) reduced the elevated sorbitol contents of pericytes induced by high concentrations of glucose, but did not significantly change the absolute rate of collagen synthesis per cell.
Free-jet expansions from laser-vaporized planar surfaces

Characteristics of free-jet vapor expansions created by the pulsed-laser vaporization of some refractory materials are examined. Such expansions were generated from planar surfaces at laser power densities up to 2.5 MW/sq cm. Time-integrated and time-resolved photography were used to show that the structure and pressures of such flows are correlated by the same relationship that is valid for free jets from orifice flows. Data show that the vapor velocity becomes sonic at or very near the vaporizing surface. A method is presented for deriving vaporization pressure from flow-field photos; such pressures from carbon-vaporization data for temperatures to 4500 K are in good agreement with extrapolated equilibrium vapor pressures. It is shown that this technique may be a means to determine vapor pressures of refractory materials at high temperatures.
OPACITY IN SPIRAL GALAXIES

The global properties of galaxies such as their observed luminosities may be severely affected by internal obscuration of the stars by dust. In this thesis I examine the amount and extent of this obscuration using the following approaches: For a sample of eight galaxies for which I have obtained multi-waveband optical and near-infrared observations I have investigated the reddening of individual regions, the optical depth inferred from hydrogen column densities (using an assumed gas to dust ratio) and the optical depth calculated using a detailed energy balance between the observed stellar and far infrared (FIR) fluxes. In addition I investigate the variation of the scale length of galaxies at different wavelengths and the variation of galaxies' blue magnitudes with inclination. I find that two of these tests which are sensitive to zeta, the relative vertical scale heights of the stars and dust, suggest that values of zeta >/= 0.5 are necessary to be consistent with the data. The observed B-band central optical depths of my sample are found to vary between ~2 and ~25. I suggest a value of ~8 ± 3 fora 'typical' spiral galaxy. Such a galaxy would be optically thick to beyond its half-light radius, and it would have an extinction of 0.75 mag (50% of the blue luminosity). However, uncertainties still remain as many of my conclusions are based on a small data set. More observations of a larger sample, together with observations beyond 100 microns, are required to solve this important problem.
Modeling for agricultural sector development planning in Korea

This paper presents a brief overview focusing on the model development, testing, and utilization by the Michigan State University Agricultural Sector Analysis and Simulation Projects team in Korea over the five-year period, 1971-1976. First the development of the Agricultural Sector Analysis and Simulation work at MSU and the scope of the project in Korea, including our multiple objectives of model development, institutionalization, and utilization, is discussed. Next is a section on the general systems simulation approach as practiced by the MSU team, with respect to philosophies, techniques, sources and kinds of data and information. The models are then presented, using block diagrams, with an explanation of the linkages and variable flows, performance variables, data requirements and policies which can be assessed. Finally, some lessons learned from the experience are detailed, with respect to credibility with decision makers, and utilization.
TeV gamma rays from distant BL Lacs and photon–paraphoton kinetic mixing

Abstract An effect of a proposed Beyond the Standard Model particle physics process on the energy spectra of distant astrophysical objects is presented. It is suggested that TeV gamma rays from distant BL Lacs may kinetically mix with hypothetical hidden sector paraphotons. The latter can traverse vast distances of space because of only very weak interactions with intervening objects or material. These paraphotons would then reconvert back into photons that have identical characteristics as their originators, and are detected on earth. Laser based photon regeneration experiments test this model of hidden sector physics in the range of parameters that would impact the TeV gamma ray energy spectra arriving from distant BL Lacs.
Image content retrieval from image databases using feature integration by Choquet integral

A novel similarity measure based on the Choquet integral was introduced for retrieving images that 'mostly' fit the query image, from an image database. We show that in certain conditions, the measure is a norm, a fact that can be used to reduce the searching time, using the triangle inequality. To test the new measure, a content-based image retrieval system was built. The system was benchmarked against the visual retrieval cartridge, Virage, built into Oracle 8 database system. The results suggested that the new measure is useful for image retrieval.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Angiotensin II and JAK2 put on the pressure

Researchers have long known that the peptide angiotensin II is central to blood pressure control—but there is yet more to learn. A new study shows how angiotensin II cooperates with the JAK2 kinase, better known for its role in cytokine signaling, to regulate blood vessel contraction and influence blood pressure (pages 183–190).
Influences of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid–Induced Stand-Level Mortality on Nitrogen Cycling and Stream Water Nitrogen Concentrations in Southern Pennsylvania

ABSTRACT Hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae, is spreading throughout the northeastern United States, causing large-scale dieback of the eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis. This study examined soil nitrogen transformations and stream water nitrogen content at five hemlock-dominated stands in southern Pennsylvania, spanning a spectrum of hemlock mortality, from no mortality to total A. tsugae–induced mortality with subsequent regrowth. Organic content, extractable nitrate, and net nitrification and mineralization rates, as well as nitrate and ammonium movement through the soil were significantly higher at sites with high mortality. Our results suggest that stand-level hemlock mortality is leading to increased nitrogen inputs to stream water. Stream water nitrate concentrations were lowest at the site with little to no mortality (0.035 mg/L NO3−) and highest at the site with intermediate mortality (0.69 mg/L NO3−). In the sites with the longest time since infestation and highest mineralization and nitrif...
Major histocompatibility complex regulation of T helper functions mapped to a peptide C terminus that controls ligand density.

Abstract The functional status (Th1- versus Th2-like) of CD4 T cells primed against human collagen type IV (hCol IV) or a single 30mer peptide from the alpha 2 chain of this molecule is predicted by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II (I-A) genotype of the responding mice. H-2s mice elicit Th1-like cell-mediated responses to these antigens, whereas Th2-like humoral responses are primed in H-2b,d,k mice. We now report that the ability of MHC to dictate T helper function in this system depends upon a single amino acid of the minimal alpha 2(IV) peptide. The C terminus of this minimal (12mer) peptide is -G-G-P-K, which is predicted to form a beta-turn. The present data demonstrate that the terminal lysine (K) stabilizes the immunogens full biological effects necessary for exclusive cell-mediated responses in H-2s mice. The lysine-truncated (11mer) peptide with otherwise identical sequence effectively primes T helper function in both H-2b and H-2s genotypes. Most importantly, our direct analysis of these peptides' presentation by live antigen-presenting cells (APC) reveals that the 12mer is bound at a log higher density on H-2s APC than on H-2b APC, and that the 11mer is presented at an equally low relative density on APC from both genotypes. In vitro analyses of 12mer/11mer cross-reactive Th clones demonstrate that I-As restricted clones require about 1-2 log lower doses of 12mer peptide than 11mer peptide to stimulate equivalent thymidine incorporation and cytokine release. By contrast, I-Ab-restricted (12mer/11mer cross-reactive) Th clones show no preference for the 12mer and require relatively high peptide doses similar to those required to stimulate the I-As clones with the 11mer peptide. Thus, the peptide dose requirements of Th clones reflect the high density of presentation associated with the 12mer: I-As ligand. Taken together, the results directly support the role of ligand density as an important control point in the functional decision of CD4 T cells.
The Rural Context of Illicit Substance Offers: A Study of Appalachian Rural Adolescents

Rural adolescents are at risk for early initiation and problematic substance use, but to date few studies have examined the rural context of substance use. To better understand substance offers in the rural context, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 118, 12- to 19-year-old adolescents (M = 13.68, SD = 1.37) from Appalachian, rural school districts in Pennsylvania and Ohio. Interviews elicited stories about substance offer-response episodes, including where offers occurred, who offered substances, and how youth gained access to illicit substances. Findings describe the settings in which substance offers and use occur for these rural adolescents and advance prevention efforts for tailoring health messages to this target population.
Radiation Measurement Accuracy of Z-Dynamic Hohlraums

Summary form given. As calculational capabilities mature the data accuracy requirements become more stringent. Typical Z-pinch power measurements use multiple sets of filtered X-Ray Diodes (XRD) to provide temporally and spectrally resolved information on the pinch performance within a +/-12% error bar. Integrated power measurements are provided by Ni-foil bolometers with +/-10% accuracy Los Alamos has performed 75 experiments at the Sandia Z-machine in which both XRD's and bolometers viewed a >150 eV radiation source. Comparison between the diagnostics revealed puzzling discrepancies up to a factor of two. Closer examination of the XRD's and bolometers reveals fabrication, material properties, calibration, and analysis subtleties that may account for the differences. Assumptions of constant Cp and linear resistance changes are invalid if the bolometer heating is too great. Also if the element is heated to its Curie temperature non-linear behavior occurs. Furthermore, the thin film properties of the nickel bolometer element can vary greatly from the bulk material properties. For the XRD's the photoemissive surface properties of the cathodes can be altered as they are used in a high x-ray fluence and dirty vacuum environment. The x-ray filters can also be damaged from x-ray heating and blast debris. How filters are characterized and calibrated can also be an issue. We present the methods used to construct, calibrate the detectors, field the experiment, and analyze data in order to quantify the error bars on the measurements.
The NASA balloon program: an overview

Abstract The U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Balloon Program continues to support the scientific community providing enhanced capabilities across a spectrum of balloon related disciplines. Long duration ballooning (LDB) continues to be a prominent element of the program with a mission model of a two flight campaign in each the Northern and Southern Hemispheres per year. Both polar and mid-latitude LDB capabilities are on-going operational elements of the flight program. Recently, the balloon LDB platform has been included as a carrier option for the SMEX (small explorer) Mission announcement of opportunities. The comprehensive research and development (R&D) effort has been reorganized recently and a new plan of activities to provide advancements in balloon technology development has been initiated. The new ultra-long duration balloon (ULDB) project for the development of a 100-day duration balloon capability has been progressing with flight tests of subsystems and new balloon design having been conducted. The Program has also continued to introduce new technology and improvements into flight systems, ground systems and operational techniques. An overview of the various aspects of the NASA Balloon Program will be presented.
DEFENSE-SPACE EXPENDITURES AND WESTERN ECONOMIC GROWTH: THE NONMANUFACTURING IMPACT

SUMMARY The five considerations just discussed– (1) the regional variation of direct defense contracts awarded to nonmanufacturing industries; (2) the special distribution and impact of RD (3) the varying proportions of value added in, and the indirect employment tied to nonmanufacturing versus manufacturing industries; (4) the possible variation in the input requirements from nonmanufacturing industries under defense versus nondefense contracts; and (5) the induced impact of nonmanufacturing defense expenditures – all encourage analysis of the nonmanufacturing sector separately from the manufacturing sector. The determination of whether or not this is necessary in a particular regional study should be one of the first questions decided. For example, having answered in the affirmative the basic question “Are aggregate defense expenditures a significant part of the economic activity in this region?” we should next examine the importance of the nonmanufacturing sector. If it is significant, then special studies are necessary. If direct awards to nonmanufacturing industries are not important, the fourth of the problems mentioned above remains, namely: Are there any unique indirect impacts on the nanmanufacruring industries as a result of defense contracts? The foregoing analysis has emphasized the need for studying nonmanufac-turing industries in regional defense expenditure analyses. This of course is only a particular example of a more general problem. Whether the study is regional or national, defense oriented or not, it is generally the case that the nonmanufac-ruring sectors (with the exception perhaps of agriculture and construction) are inadequately studied. All too often imputations take the place of observations, and heroic assumptions abound. This is particularly serious when we observe the high percentages of employment in SIC groups 40–89. Contemporary regional studies resemble icebergs, with small segments well perceived and outlined, but with larger parts obscured by the murky depths of proportionality and linearity assumptions. Input-output analysis or variants thereof undoubtedly provide the most powerful framework for analyzing regional economic structure. However, the fact that this type of analysis is applied more easily to manufacturing industries than to nonmanufacturing industries, which produce less well-defined goods and services, is not a sufficient reason to ignore the latter.
Performance-Complexity Tradeoffs of Raptor Codes over Gaussian Channels

We investigate the performance-complexity tradeoffs of Raptor codes over Gaussian channels. Two different implementations of the belief-propagation (BP) decoding algorithm are considered, which we respectively refer to as "message-reset decoding" and "incremental decoding". We show that incremental decoding offers great advantages over message-reset decoding in terms of this tradeoff
Goncharov's relations in Bloch's higher Chow group CH 3 (F, 5) ✩

Abstract In this paper we will prove Goncharov's 22-term relations (see [A.B. Goncharov, Geometry of configurations, polylogarithms and motivic cohomology, Adv. Math. 114 (1995) 179–319. [G1] ]) in the linearized version of Bloch's higher Chow group CH 3 ( F , 5 ) using linear fractional cycles of Bloch, Kriz and Totaro under the Beilinson–Soule vanishing conjecture that CH 2 ( F , n ) = 0 for n ⩾ 4 .
Combining PM2.5 Component Data from Multiple Sources: Data Consistency and Characteristics Relevant to Epidemiological Analyses of Predicted Long-Term Exposures

BackgroundRegulatory monitoring data have been the exposure data resource most commonly applied to studies of the association between long-term PM2.5 components and health. However, data collected ...
Postoperative Rehabilitation of Proximal Hamstring Tendon Tears

Complete proximal tears of the hamstring tendon are uncommon. The available literature is sparse in regard to postoperative rehabilitative programs and the published protocols are variable. Our purpose is to outline and discuss the program currently implemented by the authors for proximal hamstring tendon injuries as well as to review and contrast it with other published protocols. Authors pose different opinions in 3 important areas: (1) early postoperative protection and/or restrictions, (2) details on the specific phases of rehabilitation, and (3) how to determine successful outcomes and the criteria used to allow full return to previous levels of activities. We discuss our program in detail and support it with our clinical observations and experiences.
Rod Origin of Prolonged Afterimages

Afterimages fade against any unchanging background but generally reappear if the background changes suddenly. Under some conditions, however, a change of background color fails to revive a faded afterimage. This happens only if the interchanged backgrounds equally stimulate the rod receptors. It follows that afterimages seen under these conditions are generated by rods.
Monitoring Mouse Prostate Development by Profiling and Imaging Mass Spectrometry

Mass spectrometry-based tissue profiling and imaging are technologies that allow identification and visualization of protein signals directly on thin sections cut from fresh frozen tissue specimens. These technologies were utilized to evaluate protein expression profiles in the normal mouse prostate during development (1-5 weeks of age), at sexual maturation (6 weeks of age), and in adult prostate (at 10, 15, or 40 weeks of age). The evolution of protein expression during normal prostate development and maturation were subsequently compared with 15-week prostate tumors derived from genetically engineered mice carrying the Large T antigen gene under regulation of the prostate-specific probasin promoter (LPB-Tag mouse model for prostate cancer). This approach identified proteins differentially expressed at specific time points during prostate development. Furthermore expression of some of these proteins, for example probasin and spermine-binding protein, were associated with prostate maturation, and prostate tumor formation resulted in their loss of expression. Cyclophilin A, a protein found in other cancers, was differentially alpha-acetylated on the N terminus, and both isoforms appeared during normal prostate and prostate tumor development. Imaging mass spectrometry localized the protein signals to specific prostatic lobes or regions. Thus, tissue profiling and imaging can be utilized to analyze the ontogeny of protein expression during prostate morphogenesis and tumorigenesis and identify proteins that could potentially serve as biomarkers for prostate cancer.
Kinetic analysis of single sodium channels from canine cardiac Purkinje cells

Single sodium channel events were recorded from cell-attached patches on single canine cardiac Purkinje cells at 10-13 degrees C. Data from four patches containing two to four channels and one patch with one channel were selected for quantitative analysis. The channels showed prominent reopening behavior at voltages near threshold, and the number of reopenings declined steeply with depolarization. Mean channel open time was a biphasic function of voltage with the maximum value (1-1.5 ms) occurring between -50 and -40 mV and lower values at more and at less hyperpolarized levels. Inactivation without opening was also prominent near threshold, and this occurrence also declined with depolarization. The waiting time distributions and the probability of being open showed voltage and time dependence as expected from whole-cell current studies. The results were analyzed in terms of a five-state Markovian kinetic model using both histogram analysis and a maximum likelihood method to estimate kinetic parameters. The kinetic parameters of the model fits were similar to those of GH3 pituitary cells (Horn, R., and C. A. Vandenberg. 1984. Journal of General Physiology. 84:505-534) and N1E115 neuroblastoma cells (Aldrich, R. W., and C. F. Stevens. Journal of Neuroscience. 7:418-431). Both histogram and maximum likelihood analysis implied that much of the voltage dependence of cardiac Na current is in its activation behavior, with inactivation showing modest voltage dependence.
Descriptions and Records of Bees - XXIX

(1910). LXVII.—Descriptions and records of bees.—XXIX. Annals and Magazine of Natural History: Vol. 5, No. 30, pp. 496-506.
Voluntary Maintenance of Professional Development

The mandatory or voluntary concept for continuing professional development for license renewal is discussed. The question: As a requirement for license renewal should legal procedures be established requiring a minimum level of competency of registered engineers and land surveyors? The ASCE Board of Direction, at this time, recognizes that the very controversial concept of mandatory continuing education is unacceptable to most civil engineers. Most engineering registration boards reject the mandatory concept. Reasons are cited. Conferences and surveys sponsored by ASCE and extensive study by the ASCE Committee on Registration of Engineers reflects the Board's concern. However, the Iowa Legislature, in the late spring of 1977, passed the first law in our country requiring the State registration board to implement a program requiring continuing education as a condition of license renewal.
Adhesion Failure in Bonded Rubber Cylinders Part 2: Fatigue Life Prediction of External Ring-Shaped Cracks Using Tearing Energy Approach

Rubber disks bonded between flat parallel metal plates are often used as adhesion test specimens; for example, ASTM D 429 1999, Method A. 1 However, the mechanics of adhesion failure (debonding) for this geometry have not previously been fully analyzed. Therefore, a study was conducted to determine the strain energy release rate (tearing energy) for bonded rubber disks having external ring cracks at the rubber-to-metal bond and to develop a method for predicting the fatigue life. Finite element analysis was used to determine the tearing energy as a function of crack length for disks of various dimensions (shape factors). The crack configurations considered were an external-ring-shaped crack located at the outside circumference of either one or both rubber-to-metal bonds. The fatigue crack propagation (FCP) behavior was characterized for a generic filled natural rubber material. The tearing energy was found to be a non-linear function of crack length. For small cracks, the tearing energy was small and approached zero as the crack length decreased. The tearing energy then increased as the crack grew, indicating accelerating growth, until it passed through a maximum value. The peak tearing energy was found to depend on the height of the disk. Finally at large cracks, the tearing energy decreased or was essentially constant as the crack grew. The fatigue life of the rubber cylinders at different shape factors was determined experimentally. An empirical model coupled with the fatigue crack propagation behavior (FCP) for the material at different tearing energies was used to predict the fatigue life. The experimental and predicted fatigue life showed excellent agreement at low and moderate shape factors. However at high shape factors, fatigue life was not well predicted. From the experimental results, it was found that, at high shape factors, cavitation occurs causing a series of dimples to form, which leads to the development of an internal penny-crack, thereby violating the assumed model of an external ring-shaped crack.
Assets and Liabilities: When Do They Exist?

In this paper, we investigate whether the references to probability in standard setters’ conceptual definitions of assets and liabilities cause individuals to believe that the probability of a future transfer of economic benefits must be above some meaningful threshold (or even, certain) for an asset or a liability to exist — a belief that is contrary to standard setters’ intent. Results of multiple experiments indicate that the majority of individuals do use a high probability threshold to determine asset existence whereas, for liabilities, the majority use a very low threshold. Thus, even under ceteris paribus conditions, liabilities are more frequently identified than assets — a phenomenon consistent with conservatism on the balance sheet. We also provide evidence showing that standard setters’ definitions are not the cause of this behavior, as individuals naturally use probability when making these existence decisions. Our findings also indicate that a simple definitional change, as proposed by the IASB in its recent Exposure Draft (2015a), leads more individuals to identify assets and liabilities in a manner that is more closely (but not perfectly) aligned with standard setters’ goals. Our study provides important insights both for standard setters as they continue work on their mission to update their conceptual frameworks and for researchers regarding the role of conservatism for assets and liabilities.
Prediction of Happy-Sad mood from daily behaviors and previous sleep history

We collected and analyzed subjective and objective data using surveys and wearable sensors worn day and night from 68 participants for ∼30 days each, to address questions related to the relationships among sleep duration, sleep irregularity, self-reported Happy-Sad mood and other daily behavioral factors in college students. We analyzed this behavioral and physiological data to (i) identify factors that classified the participants into Happy-Sad mood using support vector machines (SVMs); and (ii) analyze how accurately sleep duration and sleep regularity for the past 1–5 days classified morning Happy-Sad mood. We found statistically significant associations amongst Sad mood and poor health-related factors. Behavioral factors including the frequency of negative social interactions, and negative emails, and total academic activity hours showed the best performance in separating the Happy-Sad mood groups. Sleep regularity and sleep duration predicted daily Happy-Sad mood with 65–80% accuracy. The number of nights giving the best prediction of Happy-Sad mood varied for different individuals.
Arrestees’ Perceptions of the Police Exploring Procedural Justice, Legitimacy, and Willingness to Cooperate With Police Across Offender Types

Only a handful of studies have sought to explore the robustness of the relationship between procedural justice, police legitimacy, and willingness to cooperate with police among adults who have recently been arrested. The findings from those studies have raised questions about the durability of the framework for offenders, as well as whether there may be variation in perceptions of police across offender types. The current study explores these issues using data from interviews with a large, criminally diverse sample of recently booked arrestees in Maricopa County, AZ, from 2010 to 2012 (N = 2,262). Findings indicate that procedural justice is strongly associated with views of police legitimacy, and perceptions of police legitimacy do not vary by offender type. Procedural justice and legitimacy perceptions are powerful predictors of willingness to cooperate with the police. Results provide strong support for the extension of the normative, process-based framework to the arrestee population.
"RADIOTRANSCRIPTOMICS": A synergy of imaging and transcriptomics in clinical assessment.

Recent advances in quantitative imaging and “omics” technology have generated a wealth of mineable biological “big data”. With the push towards a P4 “predictive, preventive, personalized, and participatory” approach to medicine, researchers began integrating complementary tools to further tune existing diagnostic and therapeutic models. The field of radiogenomics has long pioneered such multidisciplinary investigations in neuroscience and oncology, correlating genotypic and phenotypic signatures to study structural and functional changes in relation to altered molecular behavior. Given the innate dynamic nature of complex disorders and the role of environmental and epigenetic factors in pathogenesis, the transcriptome can further elucidate serial modifications undetected at the genome level. We therefore propose “radiotranscriptomics” as a new member of the P4 medicine initiative, combining transcriptome information, including gene expression and isoform variation, and quantitative image annotations.
Persistence How Treatment Effects Persist After Interventions Stop

Interventions intended to change people’s behavior are ubiquitous in modern society. Some interventions produce changes in behavior that persist even after the interventions are discontinued, while...
Future Airframe Technologies

When looking to the future, it is often best to review the important developments of the past. This paper will review the variety of aircraft designs and the wide range of construction methods utilized up to the present. It will discuss how some of the design requirements have changed over time and how the current marketplace and the regulatory environment will tend to drive the design of future aircraft. Future airframe shapes and construction methods will be proposed for regional, business, and small private aircraft.
Renovation Design of High Temperature Section Rectangular Finned Tube Economizer in 410 t/h Boiler

The paper analyzes the place and reason of worn-out and leakage of economizer in high temperature part,and introduces the boiler whole thermal calculation.Combined with test dtata,renovation scheme of high temperature part economizer is confirmed,that rectangular finned tube substitutes for slick tube on economizer.Transversal pitch of economizer increases from 106.5 mm to 136 mm,and longitudinal pitch decreases from 60 mm to 45 mm.Heated area increases from 1 762 m2 to 2 787.2 m2,and coefficient of heat transfer decreases from 70.2 W/(m2·K)to 47.12 W/(m2·K).Absorbed heat in high temperature part economizer increases,exhaust gas temperature declines 0.6 ℃,and boiler efficiency enhances a percentage of 0.4.Additionally,other correlation calculations are done.The post of the renovation is 1.6 million RMB,however,the economic benefit every year is 1.453 million RMB after renovation.
Use of refractory-metal diffusion inhibitors to slow Ostwald ripening of catalytic metal particles: A route to ultra-long Carbon Nanotubes (CNT)

Abstract Growth of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) to lengths useful in many materials applications is currently limited by a number of factors, the most important of these being Ostwald ripening and subsequent deactivation of the metal catalyst particles from which the CNTs nucleate and grow. Here is proposed and demonstrated a novel method for overcoming this limitation. It is shown that inclusion of refractory, high-melting-point metals in the metallic catalyst used for CNT growth can substantially enhance the lifetimes of the particles of catalytic metals, enabling growth of CNTs to much greater lengths than possible using the pure catalytic metals. This lifetime enhancement occurs because the refractory metal inhibits the surface diffusion of the catalyst metals, slowing the Ostwald ripening of the catalytic particles and allowing them to grow CNTs for greater times, resulting in longer CNTs. The system investigated employs Rhenium as the diffusion inhibitor and Molybdenum as the CNT growth catalyst.
Retrospective and Prospective Memory Coding in Humans

In two experiments, memory coding strategies of adult humans were investigated. Retrospective coding is the storage and rehearsal of experienced material. Prospective coding is storage and rehearsal of anticipated material. Subjects were presented lists of numbers of various length. In Experiment 1, the numbers on the lists were selected from the numbers 1 through 16. When the numbers were presented in ascending numerical order, and a chart was provided, subjects used retrospective coding with short lists and prospective coding with long lists. In Experiment 2, the numbers on the lists were selected from 1 through 36 and were always presented in ascending numerical order. In conditions with and without the chart, subjects used retrospective coding with short lists, and prospective coding with long lists.
Time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau model for nonfrustrated linear A B C triblock terpolymers

A time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau (TDGL) model is proposed to simulate the ordering of linear ABC triblock terpolymers. The model, in its current form, is applicable to nonfrustrated triblock systems, with the specific condition that χAC≫χAB≈χBC. Simulations are presented that demonstrate the model's ability to evolve a wide variety of morphologies throughout time, including tetragonal, core-shell hexagonal, three-phase lamellar, and beads-in-lamellar phases. The model also incorporates an interaction term to study templated substrates for directed self-assembly. The efficiency of the TDGL model enables large-scale simulations that allow investigation of self-assembly, and directed self-assembly, processes that may exhibit very small defect concentrations.
Low back pain, radiculopathy

Low back pain is a pervasive problem in the adult population. Most patients with low back pain will not require imaging as spontaneous recovery within 12 weeks is the rule. However, a small percentage of patients with low back pain will have serious underlying pathology requiring more intensive investigation. This chapter delineates the signs and symptoms related to potential serious underlying causes and discusses appropriate imaging modalities that should be utilized in patients with low back pain.
Observation of Global Hyperon Polarization in Ultrarelativistic Heavy Ion Collisions

Non-central heavy-ion collisions provide a system with non-zero total angular momentum which can be transferred, in part, to the fireball via baryon stopping. It has been predicted that a net spin of emitted particles aligned with the system angular momentum may emerge through coupling with the bulk material. Due to its parity violating decay the ⋀ baryon is self-analyzing, which allows us to associate the daughter proton decay direction with ⋀ particle spin. Ultimately this allows us to use them as a probe of net-particle spin. In preliminary STAR measurements of the net ⋀ baryon polarization from Au+Au collisions at 7.7, 11.5, 14.5, 19.6, 27, and 39 GeV we find that both ⋀ and particles are polarized in the direction of the system angular momentum. Including previously published STAR results we see a polarization of about 2% for mid-central collisions when √Snn < 100GeV.
Extensions of lp-norm optimum filters for image recognition

A family of linear and nonlinear processors (filters) for image recognition, which are extensions of the previously developed filters called l p -norm optimum filters, are presented. These filters are l p -norm optimal in terms of tolerance to input noise and discrimination capabilities. The l p -norm is the generalization of the usual mean squared (l 2 ) norm, obtained by replacing the exponent 2 by any positive constant p (usually p ≥ 1). These processors are developed by minimizing the l p -norm of the filter output due to the input scene and the output due to input noise. The minimization is carried out by constraining a function of the filter output to attain a fixed peak value when the input is the target to be detected. The use of l p -norm to measure the size of the filter output due to noise gives a greater freedom in adjusting the noise robustness and discrimination capabilities. The flexibility in allowing more general type of constraints allows for experimenting and may lead to designing of filters to obtain better performance by selecting an appropriate filter constraint equation to match the metric used to measure the performance of the filter. we give an unified theoretical basis for developing these filters. This family of filters include some of the existing linear and nonlinear filters.
Abstract CN03-01: Dissemination and implementation of cancer prevention policies: The example of smoke-free public housing

Second and third hand smoke exposure increases risk for a number of cancers and other adverse health effects in smokers and non- smokers. Public health campaigns have reduced smoking in many types of public enclosed spaces, but the residential environment remains an important area for risk reduction. In multi-unit housing, significant exposure due to drift between units has led to market and policy efforts to promote smoke-free multi-unit housing options. Public housing authorities have implemented smoke-free policies in greater numbers since the 2009 HUD Healthy Homes Strategic Plan, but the implementation of smoke-free policies in public housing, which must serve diverse communities of low income families, disabled, and elderly residents, presents ethical and logistical challenges. The Philadelphia Housing Authority is the fourth largest housing authority in the US, serving over 80,000 residents, and is among the largest to implement smoke-free policies. The Drexel School of Public Health, in partnership with the Philadelphia Department of Public Health and with funding from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, has conducted a longitudinal mixed methods evaluation of the implementation process. Our formative evaluation began with in-depth interviews and focus groups with residents, including smokers and non-smokers, as well as PHA staff, policy leaders, and local tobacco control stakeholders, as well as ethnographic observations of the tobacco use culture in diverse housing communities in Philadelphia. We then conducted baseline interviews with a sample of residents in four communities, and conducted air nicotine monitoring in both residents9 homes and in public areas, including elevators, laundry rooms, hallways, and lobbies. During implementation, we will continue to monitor resident knowledge, attitudes and tobacco related behaviors, as well as tobacco use in public and home environments. Results will be discussed in the context of community behavior change, and tobacco control policies for high risk, low resource communities. As well, the Philadelphia example will be compared to other cities and communities, and to the broader theory of implementation science for public health. Citation Format: Ann Carroll Klassen. Dissemination and implementation of cancer prevention policies: The example of smoke-free public housing. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2014 Sep 27-Oct 1; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2015;8(10 Suppl): Abstract nr CN03-01.