cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dominant Language Functions of the Right Hemisphere?: Prosody and Emotional Gesturing

• Two patients lost the ability to impart affective qualities to their speech following lesions in the right hemisphere. Arguments are given to support the idea that the right or "minor" hemisphere has a dominant role in modulating the affective components of speech. The anatomical organization of the cortical areas subserving affective speech in the right hemisphere seem to be similar to the organization of cortical areas subserving propositional speech in the left or "major" hemisphere.
NOISE TESTING OF VEHICLES--ACOUSTIC PROPAGATION PHENOMENA

A number of propagation phenomena which cause variability in the noise testing of vehicles using standard procedures have been isolated and studied. Included are the effects of interference produced by reflection from various ground surfaces, the effects of refraction caused by wind and temperature gradients in the atmosphere, changes in sound level due to the wake of the vehicle, and the effects of normal atmospheric turbulence.
Impact of Vancomycin Resistance on Mortality among Patients with Neutropenia and Enterococcal Bloodstream Infection

We performed a retrospective cohort study to measure the impact of vancomycin resistance on clinical outcome for 83 episodes of enterococcal bloodstream infection (BSI; 22 with vancomycin-resistant enterococci [VRE] and 61 with vancomycin-susceptible enterococci [VSE]) in 77 patients with neutropenia. Cox proportional hazards models showed that vancomycin resistance was an independent predictor of mortality, after controlling for severity of illness, enterococcal species, gram-negative copathogens, sex, race, duration of neutropenia before bacteremia, and early administration of active antibiotics. This effect was evident only > or =10 days after the onset of bacteremia (P=.0263; hazard ratio [HR], 4.969) but not after adjustment for duration of bacteremia. The median duration of bacteremia was 4.5 days for VRE BSI and <1 day for VSE BSI (P=.0001). The only independent predictor of bacteremia duration was vancomycin resistance (P=.0284; HR, 3.863). Vancomycin resistance is associated with increased mortality in patients with neutropenia, possibly because of prolonged duration of bacteremia.
Mass Spectrometric Studies at High Temperatures: XXIX, Thermal Decomposition and Sublimation of Alkali Metal Sulfates

Mass spectrometric investigations of the high temperature equilibrium vapor species over the solids Li2SO4, Na2SO4, K2SO4, Rb2SO4, and Cs2SO4 have shown that the products of thermal decomposition are M(g), where M = Li, Na, K, Rb, or Cs, SO2(g), and O2(g). In addition, molecules like K2SO4(g), Rb2SO4(g), and Cs2SO4(g) were observed, and the results show that sublimation as molecules becomes increasingly important for the heavier alkali metal sulfates. The equilibrium constants at several temperatures and heats for the decomposition reaction were determined for Li2SO4, Na2SO4, and K2SO4. Calculated values of the heats of decomposition for Na2SO4 and K2SO4, for which thermodynamic data are available, were in agreement with the measured quantities. The heats and entropies of sublimation to monomeric molecules for K2SO4(s), Rb2SO4(s), and Cs2SO4(s) were ΔH02, 1154°K= 72.8 ± 2.0 kcal mole-1 and ΔS0S1554°K= 29.2 ± 1.8 eu; ΔH0S, 1123°K= 69.7 ± 1.0 kcal mole-1 and ΔS0S, 1123°K= 27.4 ± 0.8 eu; and ΔH0S, 1081°K= 63.9 ± 1.7 kcal mole-1 and ΔS0S, 1081°K= 26.2 ± 1.6 eu, respectively.
N, P, and C stoichiometry of Eranthis hyemalis (Ranunculaceae) and the allometry of plant growth

We report the nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and carbon (C) stoichiometry for each of the five organ-types (leaves, aerial stems, reproductive organs, roots, and tubers) of 17 actively growing Eranthis hyemalis plants differing in size (as measured in g C). We also report the N, P, and C stoichiometry of 20 winterized tubers, which are the only perennial organs of this species. Comparisons between whole-plant and winterized N/C and P/C levels indicate that N was resorbed from aerial organs and stored in tubers by the end of the growing season. Leaves were substantial reservoirs for N and P. With few exceptions, N scaled isometrically with respect to C for each organ-type, whereas P scaled as the 3/4 power of C. Thus, N is proportional to P(3/4), which is proportional to C regardless of organ-type. Additionally, annual growth rate G of shoots (leaves and aerial stems) scaled as the -3 power of leaf N/P quotients such that G was proportional to the 3/4 power of leaf P. We suggest that these scaling relationships (together with previously reported allometric trends across herbaceous species) show that growth is constrained by organ-specific N and P allocation patterns (presumably to proteins and ribosomes, respectively).
Racial Resentment and the Changing Partisanship of Southern Whites

One of the most important developments in southern politics in recent years has been the increase in the number of whites holding Republican Party identifications. This article examines the effects of racial attitudes on changing levels of partisanship. Specifically, the article focuses on the concept of racial resentment or symbolic racism. This is an appropriate concept to examine the effects of the contemporary racial attitudes on partisanship, as racial issues have become much more diffuse in nature. It is argued that in the 1990s the southern Republican congressional leadership was especially successful in making salient issues likely to activate the racial resentment of southern whites. A multivariate analysis demonstrates that racial resentment was not a strong or significant predictor of partisanship prior to 1994; however, in 1994 and 2000 racial resentment had a large and significant effect on partisanship. These findings suggest that race and racial attitudes continue to shape southern party po...
Introduction to the special issue on spirituality and psychotherapy.

Religion and spirituality have been topics of interest to psychologists since the inception of the field, and this special issue devoted to spirituality and psychotherapy reflects the maturation of decades of research. Psychotherapy clients would like to discuss religious or spiritual issues with therapists, but therapists feel poorly prepared to do so. This special issue hopefully represents a step towards bridging the needs of clients and the expertise of providers. The seven articles in this issue reflect the progress psychologists have made toward understanding religion and spirituality, and they represent state-of-the-art attempts at integrating these dimensions into treatment. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 63: 903–907, 2007.
Systems modeling with xpetri

The design of a new modeling tool, xpetri, is described, and its use in solving real computer system design problems is illustrated. The tool is based on an extension of stochastic Petri nets, and provides both a succinct model language specification and a wide-ranging collection of modeling capabilities including detailed stochastic workload representation. Although solutions of models in the specified xpetri language are outside the realm of purely analytic techniques, favorable solution times are provided via a multi-threaded simulation compiler. A technique is suggested for allowing the threads to execute transition firing outside strictly time-sequential order. An X-windows (Motif) interface offers fast and reliable generation of models in the xpetri language.
The Visual Discrimination of Relative Surface Orientation

In a series of three experiments, observers' discrimination thresholds for relative surface orientation were measured under full cue conditions, in which surfaces were specified by multiple sources of optical information including shading, texture, motion, and binocular disparity. The results revealed that observers' sensitivity to relative surface orientation varies for different types of structural configuration. Weber fractions were approximately 8% for planar patches connected to form a dihedral angle. They increased to 11% for planar patches that were spatially separated, and jumped to over 26% for patches that were part of a smoothly curved surface.
Effects of Helicobacter pylori and Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs on Peptic Ulcer Disease: A Systematic Review

Background & Aims: The aim was to systematically review the interactions between Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection and NSAID use on the risk of uncomplicated or bleeding peptic ulcer. Methods: All relevant full articles published in MEDLINE from January 1989–June 2004 were included. Sensitivity analyses for type of controls or use of aspirin or non-aspirin NSAIDs were performed. Results: In 21 studies involving 10,146 patients, uncomplicated peptic ulcer was more common in HP-positive than HP-negative patients (pooled odds ratio [OR], 2.17) or in HP-positive than HP-negative NSAID users (OR, 1.81). In 6 age-matched controlled studies, ulcer was more common in HP-positive than HP-negative patients (OR, 4.03), irrespective of NSAID use, and in NSAID users than non-users (OR, 3.10), irrespective of HP status; the risk of ulcer was 17.54-fold higher in HP-positive NSAID users than HP-negative non-users. The use of aspirin or non-aspirin NSAIDs did not affect the results. Ulcer bleeding was evaluated in 17 studies involving 4084 patients. NSAID use was more frequent in bleeding patients than control subjects (OR, 5.13), irrespective of HP status and type of controls. In contrast, HP infection in bleeding patients compared with control subjects was less frequent in the 8 studies with ulcer cases as control subjects (OR, 0.40) and more frequent in the 9 studies with uninvestigated subjects as controls (OR, 2.56). In the latter studies, presence compared with the absence of both HP and NSAIDs increased the risk of bleeding 20.83-fold. Conclusion: HP infection and NSAID use represent independent and synergistic risk factors for uncomplicated and bleeding peptic ulcer.
Organic detritus particles: Initiation of motion criteria

The criteria for the initiation ofmotion for organic detrital sediments appear to follow the same Shields relationship as sand and other uniform inorganic sediments. The salt marsh tidal creek samples tested include mud particles and stem, leaf, and root fragments of marsh grasses. The measurement of particle diameter is replaced with an equivalent diameter determined from fall velocity and density.
Accuracy and variation in estimates of large numbers of birds by individual observers using an aerial survey simulator

The accuracy of aerial estimates of avian aggregation sizes is variable across studies, and the relative importance of techniques and inter-observer error to this variation are poorly understood. Using a scaled physical model of a wading bird colony, we examined accuracy and variation in observer counts of simulated large numbers (200–6000) of densely nesting birds in vegetated situations. Observer estimates averaged 29% less than true numbers (under- and overestimates averaged together), and the mean absolute value of observer errors was 49% of true values. We found no effects of the size of the aggregation, the experience of the observer, the size of the previous aggregations surveyed by observers, the use of corrective lenses, or fatigue on degree of individual error. Over- and underestimates by individuals did not tend to cancel out in estimates by individuals of a “population” of colonies. Photographic counts of the same trials were significantly more accurate than observer estimates. We suggest that many studies using estimates of large numbers of birds may be confounded by similar errors. We urge that researchers use caution in interpreting the results of past surveys and develop ways to minimize, measure, and correct for visual estimation error within individuals and among observers.
Intranuclear Transformation of the Estrogen Receptor In Adulthood: Tissue and Species Similarities

AbstractPrevious studies in immature rodents have demostrated the presence of two forms (4S, 5S) of salt extractable estrogen receptor in uterine nuclear preparations. The link between these binding forms appears to be that of hormone dependence and time in a precursor-product relationship. In the present study, this relationship has been observed in nuclear extracts of the uterus and anterior pituitary of intact and gonadectomized adult rats. Both forms of the estrogen receptor have also been isolated from purified nuclei of endometrial cell preparations of the adult dog. As a result of these studies, the phenomenon of intranuclear receptor transformation in estrogen action may now be extended to include (a) the physiologic state of adulthood, (b) persist in the absence of endogenous estrogens and (c) be a feature of estrogen target tissues in animal species other than rodents.
IMMERSED BOUNDARY METHODS

The term “immersed boundary method” was first used in reference to a method developed by Peskin (1972) to simulate cardiac mechanics and associated blood flow. The distinguishing feature of this method was that the entire simulation was carried out on a Cartesian grid, which did not conform to the geometry of the heart, and a novel procedure was formulated for imposing the effect of the immersed boundary (IB) on the flow. Since Peskin introduced this method, numerous modifications and refinements have been proposed and a number of variants of this approach now exist. In addition, there is another class of methods, usually referred to as “Cartesian grid methods,” which were originally developed for simulating inviscid flows with complex embedded solid boundaries on Cartesian grids (Berger & Aftosmis 1998, Clarke et al. 1986, Zeeuw & Powell 1991). These methods have been extended to simulate unsteady viscous flows (Udaykumar et al. 1996, Ye et al. 1999) and thus have capabilities similar to those of IB methods. In this review, we use the term immersed boundary (IB) method to encompass all such methods that simulate viscous flows with immersed (or embedded) boundaries on grids that do not conform to the shape of these boundaries. Furthermore, this review focuses mainly on IB methods for flows with immersed solid boundaries. Application of these and related methods to problems with liquid-liquid and liquid-gas boundaries was covered in previous reviews by Anderson et al. (1998) and Scardovelli & Zaleski (1999). Consider the simulation of flow past a solid body shown in Figure 1a. The conventional approach to this would employ structured or unstructured grids that conform to the body. Generating these grids proceeds in two sequential steps. First, a surface grid covering the boundaries b is generated. This is then used as a boundary condition to generate a grid in the volume f occupied by the fluid. If a finite-difference method is employed on a structured grid, then the differential form of the governing equations is transformed to a curvilinear coordinate system aligned with the grid lines (Ferziger & Peric 1996). Because the grid conforms to the surface of the body, the transformed equations can then be discretized in the
Effect of Media Reversal Mode on Head Footprint

Using a ldquodragrdquo tester in which the recording head is in direct contact with a perpendicular media disc, we show experimentally that the footprint of the head has a ldquodoughnutrdquo shape, as predicted by theory. A change in the switching properties of the media, from coherent rotation in conventional perpendicular media to incoherent rotation in exchange spring media, can be detected through the transformation of the head footprint, from ldquodoughnutrdquo to a dome-like shape.
Planning for “Megaregions” in the United States:

The population of the United States will likely grow by 40 percent by 2050 with the growth concentrated in eight to ten megaregions, connected networks of metropolitan areas. Planners in the United...
Cholesterol Is Required in the Exit Pathway of Semliki Forest Virus

The enveloped alphavirus Semliki Forest virus (SFV) infects cells via a membrane fusion reaction triggered by low pH. For fusion to occur cholesterol is required in the target membrane, as demonstrated both in in vitro fusion assays and in vivo for virus infection of a host cell. In this paper we examine the role of cholesterol in postfusion events in the SFV life cycle. Cholesterol-depleted insect cells were transfected with SFV RNA or infected at very high multiplicities to circumvent the fusion block caused by the absence of cholesterol. Under these conditions, the viral spike proteins were synthesized and transported to the site of p62 cleavage with normal kinetics. Surprisingly, the subsequent exit of virus particles was dramatically slowed compared to cholesterol-containing cells. The inhibition of virus production could be reversed by the addition of cholesterol to depleted cells. In contrast to results with SFV, no cholesterol requirement for virus exit was observed for the production of either the unrelated vesicular stomatitis virus or a cholesterol-independent SFV fusion mutant. Thus, cholesterol was only critical in the exit pathway of viruses that also require cholesterol for fusion. These results demonstrate a specific and unexpected lipid requirement in virus exit, and suggest that in addition to its role in fusion, cholesterol is involved in the assembly or budding of SFV.
Deng Siyu (Teng Ssu-yu) and the Development of American Sinology After World War II

(2007). Deng Siyu (Teng Ssu-yu) and the Development of American Sinology After World War II. Chinese Studies in History: Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 3-40.
Analysis of the performance and sensitivity of eigendecomposition-based detectors

A new framework is presented for the analysis of the performance of detection methods, such as AIC and MDL, which are based on the eigenvalues of the sample covariance matrix. It is shown that theoretical analysis of the probabilities of overestimation and underestimation can be much more conveniently carried out via a proposed, particularly simple, sequence of statistics. Also, the breakdown of these detection methods in the presence of model nonidealities is explored by theory, simulations, and experimentation with real array data. For example, theoretical arguments are given to demonstrate the high degree of sensitivity of the detectors to unknown deviations of the noise from whiteness. >
US-China Monetary Relations: Immune to Crisis?

This article seeks to demonstrate the stability of US-China monetary relations before and after the 2007-09 financial crisis. Domestic and international factors make the disruption of the US-China monetary relation extremely unlikely. On the domestic side, China faces a delicate political situation and US political rhetoric has not been matched with concrete measures. Internationally, China’s military independence supports its growing monetary power. Overall, China’s monetary power ensures internal autonomy from US pressure on currency revaluation rather than allow China to exert a significant external influence.This contribution pushes forward the existing monetary power theory by developing new concepts and rationalising the existing literature. Moreover, it analyses the dynamics of monetary power with domestic and international arrangements.
Mental health of transgender veterans in US states with and without discrimination and hate crime legal protection

Objectives. To examine whether indicators of community- and state-level lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender equality are associated with transgender veterans’ mental health.Methods. We extracted Veterans Administration data for patients who were diagnosed with gender identity disorder, had at least 1 visit in 2013, and lived in a zip code with a Municipality Equality Index score (n = 1640). We examined the associations of whether a state included transgender status in employment nondiscrimination laws and in hate crimes laws with mood disorders; alcohol, illicit drug, and tobacco use disorders; posttraumatic stress disorder; and suicidal ideation or attempt.Results. Nearly half (47.3%) of the sample lived in states with employment discrimination protection, and 44.8% lived in states with hate crimes protection. Employment nondiscrimination protection was associated with 26% decreased odds of mood disorders (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.59, 0.93) and 43% decreased ...
Equation of state for technetium from X‐ray diffraction and first-principle calculations

Abstract The ambient temperature equation of state (EoS) of technetium metal has been measured by X-ray diffraction. The metal was compressed using a diamond anvil cell and using a 4:1 methanol-ethanol pressure transmitting medium. The maximum pressure achieved, as determined from the gold pressureEquation of state for technetium from X-ray diffraction and first-principle calculations scale, was 67 GPa. The compression data shows that the HCP phase of technetium is stable up to 67 GPa. The compression curve of technetium was also calculated using first-principles total-energy calculations. Utilizing a number of fitting strategies to compare the experimental and theoretical data it is determined that the Vinet equation of state with an ambient isothermal bulk modulus of B 0T =288 GPa and a first pressure derivative of B′ =5.9(2) best represent the compression behavior of technetium metal.
TEM and EELS Study on TaO x -based Nanoscale Resistive Switching Devices

Resistive switching, a reversible change in electrical resistance of a dielectric layer through the application of a voltage bias, has propelled a field of research to form improved non-volatile memory device. Tantalum oxide has been investigated as the dielectric component of resistive switching devices as a leading candidate for a few years. Presented here is a structural and chemical investigation of TaO x devices with 55nm in diameter in the virgin, forming on, and switched off (reset) states for comparison using cross sectional TEM techniques including HRTEM, and EELS to gain further understanding of this material system. The nanodevices imaged in this study were switched below 100µA. Unique features found in this study are in agreement with previous hypotheses made by various researchers based on X-ray fluorescence microscopy of micron-scale devices, indicating a variation in oxygen concentration around the switching area.
Prevalence of overweight in a triethnic pediatric population of San Antonio, Texas.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the prevalence of overweight among different ethnic and gender groups of children and adolescents in the San Antonio, Texas, area and to compare the prevalence with that of the US national figures. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study SUBJECTS: A total of 7208 schoolchildren in kindergarten through 12th grade. There were 4215 Mexican American (MA) (58.5%), 2040 non-Hispanic white (NHW) (28.3%) and 953 African American (AA) (13.2%) subjects. MEASUREMENTS: Weight, height and skinfold thicknesses. RESULTS: The body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) values of MA boys were almost consistently and significantly (P 85th percentile) was much larger in MA boys (40–50%), MA girls (34–52%), and AA girls (33–51%) than other subgroups. The onset of overweight is quite early, starting at 5–6 y of age, especially in girls. Compared to the data from national surveys, the prevalence of overweight found in this study is higher than reported nationally. We found a marked increase in the skinfold thickness, especially SST for boys, but the increase is less for girls. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of overweight is higher in MA boys and girls and AA girls than other ethnic-gender groups in the San Antonio, Texas, area. The prevalence of childhood overweight in the San Antonio area is higher than national figures. The findings of increasing prevalence and early onset of childhood overweight are concerning, because these are known risk factors for diabetes and diseases of many other organ systems. Measures to prevent, reduce or treat childhood obesity are urgently needed.
Effect of Ligand Structure on the Optical and Electronic Properties of Nanocrystalline PbSe Films

Films of nanocrystalline PbSe were fabricated with a set of structurally varied short-chain dicarboxylic acids. Oxidation rates were studied via NIR spectroscopy to determine the effect of the structure of the diacid ligands on film stability under ambient conditions. Ligands favoring a non-bridging bonding mode were found to provide the best protection against oxidation, while among ligands expected to bridge between adjacent nanocrystals in the films, those with shorter chain lengths conferred better oxidative stability. Electronic coupling was observed as a red shift in the optical data of the ground excitonic peak of the PbSe films and found to be strongly influenced by the structure of the ligand. Transport measurements were made in air using thin-film transistors that were treated with a thin Al2O3 coating via remote plasma ALD. Films prepared using fumaric, maleic, and oxalic acids yielded mobility numbers of 2.5 × 10–5, 3.7 × 10–5, and 1.6 × 10–3 cm2/V·s, respectively. Results suggest that the int...
Number of Seventeen-Year Cicada Eggs per Nest

Magicicada spp. of 17–yr cicadas laid 20–27 eggs/nest in twigs of 11 genera of deciduous trees in northern Ohio in 1965 and 1968. Less than 16 eggs/nest were found in grape, peach, poison ivy, and sour cherry.
A Minute New Echinostelium with Protostelid Affinities

Echinostelium lunatur, a new species discovered in Puerto Rico and North Carolina, is the smallest known myxomycete. It produces typical flagellate cells, 2-6-nucleate protoplasmodia, and minute stalked sporangia that contain a lunate structure at the apex of the stalk and (1-)4-8(-14) spores. There is no capillitium. No evidence of sexuality has been observed. The phylogenetic significance of the new species is discussed. There are indications that it may have evolved from a protostelid such as Cavostelium bisporum.
How Can We Enable Privacy in an Age of Big Data Analytics

Even though some seem to think privacy is dead, we are all still wearing clothes, as Bruce Schneier observed at a recent conference on surveillance[1]. Yet big data and big data analytics are leaving some of us feeling a bit more naked than before. This talk will provide some personal observations on privacy today and then outline some research areas where progress is needed to enable society to gain the benefits of analyzing large datasets without giving up more privacy than necessary. Not since the early 1970s, when computing pioneer Willis Ware chaired the committee that produced the initial Fair Information Practice Principles [2] has privacy been so much in the U.S. public eye. Snowden's revelations, as well as a growing awareness that merely living our lives seems to generate an expanding "digital exhaust." Have triggered many workshops and meetings. A national strategy for privacy research is in preparation by a Federal interagency group. The ability to analyze large datasets rapidly and to extract commercially useful insights from them is spawning new industries. Must this industrial growth come at the cost of substantial privacy intrusions?
The Costs of Cooperation: What the Research Tells Us about Managing the Risks of Service Collaborations in the U.S.

Service collaborations often must confront risks arising from problems of coordination, division, and defection. U.S. scholars have focused on understanding the efficacy of three general strategies...
Abstract B46: Investigating the role of β-arrestin-2 in prostate cancer disparity using a β-arrestin-2 deficient mouse model of prostate cancer

African American men are more likely to develop and die from prostate cancer than Caucasian American men. While a complex interaction of social, environmental, and biological factors is likely to blame, molecular mechanisms of prostate cancer disparity remain poorly understood. Elucidation of these mechanisms is critical if we are to achieve better treatment options and ultimately, patient survival for African American men. β-arrestin-2 was initially recognized for its role in G-protein coupled receptor desensitization. More recent studies have demonstrated that several pathways critical to prostate cancer progression converge at β-arrestin-2 including androgen metabolism, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Preliminary data in our lab shows that prostate cell lines derived from Caucasian American men express less -arrestin-2 than those from African American men. This study aims to test the hypothesis that loss of β-arrestin-2 expression in prostate tumors attenuates tumor progression. In order to study this, we have established a β-arrestin-2 deficient TRAMP mouse model. TRAMP+/β-arrestin-2 KO mice develop tumors that are smaller than those in TRAMP+/β-arrestin-2 WT mice at 6 months of age. Similar results were observed when orthotopic TRAMP-C1 tumors were established in C57BL/6 mice. β-arrestin-2 knockdown in these cells resulted in delayed tumor growth. Taken together these data support the idea that increased β-arrestin-2 expression correlates with enhanced tumor progression providing a possible biological mechanism of prostate cancer disparity. Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011;20(10 Suppl):B46.
Self-Focusing Limitations on Squeezed State Generation in Two-Level Media

Despite theoretical predictions1,2—which indicate that substantial squeezing should be achievable using four-wave mixing in two-level media—sodium-beam and sodium-vapor experiments have delivered inferred squeezing of at most 60%.3,4 In this paper we report results of a series of sodium-vapor squeezing experiments undertaken to confirm the validity of our quantum theory of nondegenerate multiwave mixing.2,5 During the course of these measurements, we have identified the likely cause for the foregoing discrepancy between theory and experiment—the differential pump-probe self-focusing (DPS) effect. The DPS effect refers to the different amount of self-focusing/defocusing experienced by the intense pump and the weak probe Gaussian beams of the four-wave mixer. In essence, it is the transverse beam-pattern version of the nonlinear pump-probe phase mismatch encountered in fiber-optic and other colinear squeezed-state generators.6 DPS reduces the mode-matching efficiency inside the four-wave mixer’s interaction region and thus imposes an upper limit on the effective interaction length.
The Doctoral Student as University Supervisor: Challenges in Fulfilling the Gatekeeping Role

ABSTRACTDoctoral students in counselor education programs play a crucial role in the observation and evaluation of master’s students. Transparency and more explicit training for doctoral students in evaluation, remediation, and gatekeeping practices could prevent gate slippage. To evidence this, we explore literature related to gatekeeping practices and doctoral students as novice university supervisors. A case example illustrates issues facing doctoral students serving as gatekeeper in clinical supervision of master’s-level counseling students with suggestions for programs.
A distributed simulation system for team decisionmaking

This paper gives an overview of a unique distributed, real-time simulation system for studying team decision-making and coordination-the DDD (distributed, dynamic, decision-making) paradigm. The DDD paradigm captures the essential elements in real-world decision-making problems and integrates them into a controlled, computer-mediated, laboratory setting. The DDD simulation system is implemented on a network of UNIX workstations with real-time control, online data acquisition, interactive graphical display, and a simulated inter-human communication network. With a highly reconfigurable user interface and a flexible scenario generator, DDD has been used in many team decision-making experiments with different problem context, including military command and control, job scheduling, and medical diagnosis. >
WIRKUNG UND PROZESS DER MANAGEMENTBERATUNG

Nach dem Fokus auf Managementberatungsunternehmen im vorangehenden Teil wird nun fur die integrative Analyse die Seite der Klienten starker in den Mittelpunkt geruckt. Denn letztlich bieten Managementberatungsunternehmen ihr Potential der Leistungserstellung – d. h. ihr Wissen, ihre Reputation und Beziehungen – an, um auf diese Weise Wirkungen beim Klienten zu erzielen. Diese Wirkungen sind im Rahmen der Managementberatung hochst immateriell, komplex und mehrdeutig.
Spatial Statistics for Segmenting Histological Structures in H&E Stained Tissue Images

Segmenting a broad class of histological structures in transmitted light and/or fluorescence-based images is a prerequisite for determining the pathological basis of cancer, elucidating spatial interactions between histological structures in tumor microenvironments (e.g., tumor infiltrating lymphocytes), facilitating precision medicine studies with deep molecular profiling, and providing an exploratory tool for pathologists. This paper focuses on segmenting histological structures in hematoxylin- and eosin-stained images of breast tissues, e.g., invasive carcinoma, carcinoma in situ , atypical and normal ducts, adipose tissue, and lymphocytes. We propose two graph-theoretic segmentation methods based on local spatial color and nuclei neighborhood statistics. For benchmarking, we curated a data set of 232 high-power field breast tissue images together with expertly annotated ground truth. To accurately model the preference for histological structures (ducts, vessels, tumor nets, adipose, etc.) over the remaining connective tissue and non-tissue areas in ground truth annotations, we propose a new region-based score for evaluating segmentation algorithms. We demonstrate the improvement of our proposed methods over the state-of-the-art algorithms in both region- and boundary-based performance measures.
Duration of neoadjuvant endocrine therapy and breast cancer outcomes.

e12129Background: Interest in the use of neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NET) has increased over the past decade, and recent studies have demonstrated similar response rates compared to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We examined the associations between duration of NET and type of surgery and change from clinical stage to pathologic stage. Methods: We used the National Cancer Data Base to identify women diagnosed with stage II-III, ER and/or PR positive breast cancer who received endocrine therapy from 2004-2014 and underwent surgery. We classified patients according to timing and duration of NET. We performed logistic regression to examine the impact of NET duration on likelihood of 1) receiving breast conserving surgery (BCS) versus mastectomy and 2) being downstaged. Downstaging was defined as pathologic stage lower than clinical stage and upstaging as pathologic stage higher than clinical stage. Results: In our sample of 159,676 patients, 6584 received NET (4.1%). NET was more frequently used in older women...
The Role of the Clinical Sport Neuropsychologist: An Introductory Case Example

Treatment of sport-related concussion and subsequent postconcussion syndrome represents a highly complex and multidisciplinary endeavor. Current practice often includes observation by a physician, brief cognitive testing, and outside referrals (e.g., sport psychologist, clinical psychologist, or counseling psychologist) if necessary. However, it is hypothesized that the role of a clinician with interdisciplinary training in clinical psychology, sport psychology, and neuropsychology, henceforth known as the clinical sport neuropsychologist, would represent a holistic treatment provider. It is predicted that a provider with this diverse training background would have a unique constellation of skills that may generate efficient and effective treatment with concussed athletes. The subsequent intervention program is diverse, incorporating neuropsychology, sport psychology, and clinical psychology principles to effectively treat symptoms of post-concussion syndrome while providing psychoeducation regarding curr...
Engineering in Early Elementary Classrooms Through the Integration of High-Quality Literature, Design, and STEM+C Content

The PictureSTEM project consists of instructional units for grades K-2 that employ engineering and literacy contexts to integrate science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and computational thinking (STEM+C) content instruction in meaningful and significant ways. The PictureSTEM project utilizes picture books and an engineering design challenge to provide students with authentic, contextual activities that engage learners in specific STEM content. Four components differentiate the PictureSTEM units from what teachers are currently implementing in their classrooms: (1) engineering design as the interdisciplinary glue, (2) realistic engineering contexts to promote student engagement, (3) high-quality literature to facilitate meaningful connections, and (4) instruction of specific STEM+C content within an integrated approach. Examples from research data on the PictureSTEM unit, Designing Paper Baskets, conducted in kindergarten classrooms, will illustrate how the four foundational components of this integrated STEM curricula play an important role in designing meaningful and contextual learning for younger students.
Developments at the Man-Machine Interface

The geologist who ploys his skills for his own or his company’s profit traditionally has viewed computers with suspicion. This is the natural result of a linguistic barrier between man and machine. The petroleum geologist, for example, speaks in terms of structural traps, faults, and pinchouts while the computer speaks only in terms of bits which are either on (1) or off (0).
Demography and Contemporary Influences on Sexual Behavior

Demographic transitions that have taken place in recent years have had an impact on current trends in reproductive health and the prevalence of STDs. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
A survey of some of the recent developments in Leavitt path algebras

In this survey article, we describe some of recent ring-theoretic and module-theoretic investigations of a Leavitt path algebra L of an arbitrary directed graph E over a field K. It is shown how a single graph-theoretical property of E often gives rise to several independent ring properties of L, thus making Leavitt path algebras as effective tools in constructing examples of rings with various desired properties. Leavitt path algebras satisfying a polynomial identity are completely described. It is shown how using special vertices, infinite paths or cycles in the graph E, various types of simple modules over L can be constructed. A complete description is given of a Leavitt path algebra L whose simple modules possess various specific properties such as being, flat, injective, graded or finitely presented. In the first three cases, L becomes von Neumann regular while in the last case, when the graph E is finite, L possesses finite GK-dimension. Leavitt path algebras having only finitely many isomorphism classes of simple modules turn out to be semi-artinian von Neumann regular rings in which the ideals form a finite chain under inclusion. The sum and the intersection of any two principal one-sided ideals of L are shown to be again principal one-sided ideals and this leads to the existence of the left/right gcd and the left/right lcm of any two non-zero elements in L.
Algae dictate multiple stressor effects on coral microbiomes

Most studies of stressors focus on the response of traditionally classified organisms via effects on growth, mortality or physiology; however, most species have microbial associates that may mediate the response of a host to the stressor. Additionally, species rarely experience one stressor alone, but instead are influenced by multiple, potentially interacting stressors. We evaluated how coral microbiomes responded to two biotic stressors: the vermetid gastropod, Ceraesignum maximum, and algal turfs, both of which have previously been shown to decrease coral growth, survival and photophysiology. We collected coral mucus from massive Porites colonies in the presence versus absence of both algae and vermetids and sequenced the 16S rRNA gene to characterize the coral surface microbial communities. The presence of algae increased the alpha diversity of the coral microbial community, likely by increasing the relative abundance of rare members of the community. Algae also reduced beta diversity, which we hypothesized was due to algae homogenizing the physical environment. In contrast, vermetids had only small effects on microbial communities, even though vermetids have deleterious effects on coral growth. We previously hypothesized that vermetids would exacerbate algal effects on microbes, but we failed to detect an interaction between vermetids and algae on the coral’s microbiome, except for one family, Fusobacteriaceae, which was most abundant in the presence of both stressors. We suggest that algae can affect corals through their effects on microbes, whereas vermetids primarily affect the host directly; these complementary effects may limit the extent to which stressors can interact.
French fast food and the myth of Americanisation

The rise of fast food in France has been understood by the media and scholars alike as a prime example of ‘Americanisation’. What could better illustrate the threat of American-led industrialisatio...
Metamaterial Longwave Infrared Tunable Notch Filters

We present metamaterial tunable notch filters operating from 8 to 12 µm based on the guided-mode resonance phenomenon using high-refractive index dielectric materials and their characterization using a customized infrared spectrometer.
Shared Decision Making: Effects of an Online Education Session on Knowledge, Attitudes, Adaptability, and Communication Skills Among Nurses

Background Shared decision making (SDM) is beneficial for interprofessional teams but also challenging to implement correctly. Oncology nurses are at the forefront of patients' treatment and, therefore, one of the most essential components of the SDM process. Objectives The aim of this pilot study was to examine the effects of a one-hour web-based SDM education session on self-reported knowledge, attitudes, adaptability, and communication skills related to SDM among oncology nurses. Methods Using the ADDIE (analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation) theoretical framework, this study used a post-test-only, single-group, nonexperimental design. Findings This study provides preliminary evidence that a one-hour web-based SDM education session is acceptable and has positive effects on oncology nurses' self-reported knowledge, attitudes, adaptability, and communication skills. More research is warranted to validate these findings.
Evaluation of total tree height subsampling strategies for estimating volume in loblolly pine plantations

Abstract Assessing current conditions and projecting future forest productivity are primary objectives in designing forest inventory for forest management planning. Stand net volume, expressed as sum of all standing trees’ volume on a per-unit area basis, has been widely applied to quantify forest productivity. Total tree height is a principal predictor commonly used to estimate tree volume, weight and biomass. However, measuring tree heights in the field is time consuming and labor intensive. Measuring a small portion of trees on the sample plots, denoted as subsampling heights, is a relatively efficient alternative in many assessments of forest cover. In this study, sampling plans with different levels of subsampling intensity were evaluated. Four 37.63-ha loblolly pine plantations with varying degrees of spatial heterogeneity at four inventory entry points (ages 10, 15, 20 and 25) were simulated. The impact of tree height measurement error was assessed using data from 210 standing and felled trees measurements across southeastern US and incorporated in the simulations. Results indicate that sampling intensity, stand age, and spatial heterogeneity have greater influence on the reliability for total volume estimation than height subsampling intensity and measurement error. Precision of the total volume estimates decreased with increasing degrees of spatial heterogeneity and stand age. Adding sample plots is a more effective way to reduce error for total volume estimation than adding measurement trees on plots. The plantations and repeated samples simulated in this study provide important information about the behavior of total volume and related estimates under various scenarios, which provides guidance for ecologists and resource managers to design efficient subsampling strategies for height measurements.
An Individualized Patient-centric Approach and Evolution towards Total Autologous Free Flap Breast Reconstruction in an Academic Setting

Advances with newer perforator flaps and complex microsurgical techniques have enabled creative solutions in autologous breast reconstruction. For patients seeking total autologous breast reconstruction without the use of implants, body regions other than the abdomen have emerged to provide a substitute or additional donor tissue. In cases where abdominal perforator flaps are not possible (as with prior abdominoplasty), flaps taken from the lower back or thigh can be used. In situations of inadequate donor tissue in 1 body area, stacked multiple flap reconstruction is possible using donor tissue from multiple areas. In this article, we present our approach for individualizing treatment for breast reconstructive patients seeking to avoid permanent implants. We highlight how free perforator flap selection can not only serve to provide adequate tissue for body-appropriate breast reconstruction but may also be secondarily tailored to provide patient-specific aesthetic body contouring. Our preoperative patient counseling has evolved to involve flap selection based on clinical examination as well as advanced computed tomographic imaging of abdomen, thighs, and lower back. Decision to use 1 or more flaps is based on an assessment of whether the targeted body region(s) provide enough skin and fat for breast reconstruction, if the requisite perforator anatomy is available, and whether the effect of tissue procurement on their individualized aesthetic body contour is optimal.
Outcomes for geriatric patients evaluated in a same-day multidisciplinary central nervous system clinic for radiation oncology and neurosurgery in a community hospital setting.

e24034Background: The geriatric cancer population is rapidly increasing in the United States. Management of geriatric patients with central nervous system (CNS) disease requires a patient-centric, ...
The benefits of an open art studio for patients with cancer: A mixed methods study.

e24152Background: Art therapy can improve quality of life (QOL) and symptoms in patients with cancer. However, prior studies have focused on time-limited interventions. At the University of Califor...