cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interpersonal Problems Associated With Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire Traits in Women During the Transition to Adulthood

Personality traits are known to be associated with a host of important life outcomes, including interpersonal dysfunction. The interpersonal circumplex offers a comprehensive system for articulating the kinds of interpersonal problems associated with personality traits. In the current study, traits as measured by the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire in a sample of 124 young women were correlated with interpersonal dysfunction as measured by the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems-Circumplex. Results suggest that Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire traits vary in their associations with interpersonal distress and in their coverage of specific kinds of interpersonal difficulties among women undergoing the transition to adulthood.
Bilingual Education on Corsica : The management of multiple and competing cultural and linguistic goals

In Corsica, bilingual schools have multiple linguistic, cultural and political goals. They include teaching Corsican children to speak, read and write Corsican, providing children with French and Corsican linguistic capital, creating a special, intimate link between Corsican identity and Corsican language and creating symbolic parity between Corsican and French. This paper examines the way that pedagogical practices in a Corsican bilingual school manage these dual, and sometimes conflicting goals by comparing and contrasting oral language practices, literacy work, the teaching of grammar and orthography in Corsican and French. This analysis shows that some of these practices establish similar criteria for French and Corsican performance, and thus position Corsican and French as equally legitimate and authoritative. At the same time, other pedagogical choices subtly differentiate the two languages; in particular, children's performances in Corsican are structured as more collective and collaborative than individual, and are subject to more global criteria of evaluation. Finally, the presentation considers the way that a "polynomic" perspective enters into the bilingual curriculum, and how this plural and socio-political approach to language norms and standards differentiates the bilingual from the monolingual curriculum, and proposes new models of language and identity.
Medical school dermatology curriculum: are we adequately preparing primary care physicians?

Background There is a lack of information regarding the dermatology learning needs of primary care physicians and residents. Objective To determine dermatologic topics that primary care physicians consider important and to determine primary care residents' ratings of the teaching adequacy of these topics in the undergraduate medical curriculum. Methods Primary care physicians and residents were surveyed regarding the importance and teaching adequacy of 17 dermatologic content areas. Results Ninety-two primary care physicians identified 13 dermatologic content areas important for their practices. Two hundred fifty-two primary care residents identified 8 adequately taught topics and 9 inadequately taught topics. Limitations Internal medicine and family medicine physicians and residents from only 10 regions were surveyed. Conclusion Seventeen content areas can be divided into 3 categories: dermatologic topics that are important and adequately taught, topics that are unimportant, and a group of important, yet inadequately taught content areas. This latter group should be further integrated into dermatology curricula at U.S. medical schools.
Association of blood pressure with sodium-related knowledge and behaviors in adults with hypertension

OBJECTIVES To describe sodium-related knowledge and self-reported behaviors in adults with hypertension and assess the association between knowledge and behaviors and blood pressure levels in this population. METHODS Using convenience sampling of patients with hypertension, an oral cross-sectional survey was administered by student pharmacists in 45 community pharmacies in Alabama and Florida in May to July 2012. After survey questions were administered, patients' blood pressures were measured. Data were tested for significance at alpha < 0.05 using bivariate analyses of independent and dependent variables (systolic/diastolic blood pressure [SBP/DBP]) and parallel linear regression of significant independent variables. RESULTS The majority of the 664 patients surveyed were women (59.3%) and white (75.2%). Most resided in urban areas (81.5%). The mean SBP/DBP was 133.3 (SD = 15.7)/81.7 (SD = 9.1) mg Hg. Most participants recognized the relationship between salt intake and high blood pressure (91.1%) and stroke (78.0%). A small percentage of patients reported that they always look for sodium content on food products (15.0%) and always buy low-sodium products (10.6%). Patients with lower knowledge scores (B = -0.01, P < 0.001) and those who were advised to cut down on salt (B = 0.02, P = 0.037) had higher SBP levels when controlled for gender, race, and awareness of their blood pressure goals. In regression analysis, lower knowledge scores were associated with increased DBP levels (B = -0.52, P = 0.014) when controlled for gender and race. CONCLUSION Many patients were not aware of salt in processed food and did not always look for sodium content on nutritional labels. Pharmacists should address dietary salt when interacting with patients with hypertension.
Thermal diffuse scattering and REM image-contrast preservation

Abstract The diffuse diffraction spots occurring in reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) patterns and not lying on the circle in which the Ewald sphere intercepts a reciprocal plane have been selected for reflection electron microscopy (REM) imaging of Pt(111) surfaces. Application of the boundary conditions for reflection electron diffraction to the inelastic diffusely scattered electrons requires that the thermal diffuse scattering process gives these diffuse diffraction spots in RHEED patterns, and there is no contribution from elastically scattered electrons to the image contrast. Contrast resulting from surface steps has been observed to be well preserved around the near-focus region in the REM images. It has also been observed that the contrast is smeared out rapidly in the off-focus region due to the diffuseness of the thermal diffuse spot used for REM imaging.
Local boiling coefficients on a horizontal tube

Local boiling heat transfer coefficients were experimentally determined for nucleate boiling around the outer circumference of horizontal copper tubing. The tubes used were of 16 B.W.G. hard-temper copper with outside diameters of 1 1/4 and 2 in; the liquids boiled were methanol and n-hexane. The maximum peripheral variation occurred with the 1 1/4-in. tube in methanol where an over-all ΔT of 30.2°F. gave local outside coefficients varying between 249 and 548 B.t.u./(hr.)(sq. ft.)(°F.). The minimum variation was found to occur in the same system, in which an over-all ΔT of 72.3°F. gave coefficients varying between 856 and 910 B.t.u./(hr.)(sq. ft.)(F.°). The results, plotted in polar coordinates, showed a cardioid configuration for methanol with the maximum coefficients occurring at the bottom of the tube. The n-hexane results had the general shape of horizontal ellipses with maximum coefficients occurring at the sides of the tube.
Charting the Road of Inquiry: Deleuze’s Humean Pragmatics and the Challenge of Badiou

This essay responds to Badiou's charge that Deleuze fails to set forth a philosophy that is “beyond Gategorical oppositions.” It is argued that this criticism of Deleuze is founded upon a misreading of the Deleuzean distinction between the virtual and the actual, a reading that carries forward Badiou's misreading of Spinoza and, hence, of Deleuze's Spinozism. With this corrected, we show how the virtual-actual distinction operates within the experimental philosophy, or pragmatics, that Deleuze, and later Deleuze and Guattari, sets forth. It is this pragmatics that is precisely the philosophy of difference that is beyond categorical oppositions. Through a comparison of Deleuzean pragmatics with the work of Hume and Peirce, we are able to respond to Badiou's further criticism that Deleuze's philosophy fails to understand the conditions for creativity in thought and culture. This criticism is itself resolved once one corrects for Badiou's misreading of Deleuze's virtual-actual distinction.
Estimation of the average burst size of Φx174 am3, cs70 for use in mutation assays with transgenic mice†

In mutation assays using transgenic mice, with recoverable vectors such as PhiX174 am3, cs70, mutations originate from two sources: (1) in vivo mutations, that is, mutations that were fixed in the mouse, or (2) ex vivo mutations, that is, mutations that were fixed during recovery or plating. When a bacteriophage infects a bacterium, it multiplies and bursts the cell, releasing a number of phages referred to as the burst size. Our method for distinguishing between in vivo mutations and ex vivo mutations estimates the average number of bursts, the denominator of in vivo mutant frequencies, by dividing the total plaque-forming units (PFU) by the average number of phages in a burst. Herein, we outline a probability model relating observed plaque counts to the burst size and present the statistical method used to estimate the burst size. The average size of a single burst from nonrevertant phages was estimated in eight studies under the conditions of our mutation assay. The average burst size was stable across studies at 182.5 plaques per burst (standard error, 14.25). The probability that a burst is a specific size was approximated by a negative binomial distribution, which implies a Poisson-Pascal distribution for the observed plaque counts. The observed plaque counts were adequately fit by this approximation. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 37:356-360, 2001 Published 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Coalition-Proofness and Correlation with Arbitrary Communication Possibilities

Abstract The ability of the members of a coalition to communicate secretly determines whether the coalition can coordinate to deviate from a proposed strategy and thus affects which strategies are “coalition proof.” We show that the existence of a Pareto-best element in the set of strategies that survive iterated elimination of dominated strategies implies the existence of a coalition-proof correlated equilibrium for any specification of coalitional communication possibilities that always permits individual deviations. Such an element exists in games with strategic complementarities if either (1) there is a unique Nash equilibrium or (2) each player's payoff is nondecreasing in the others' strategies. Journal of Economic Literature classification number: C72.
Rapidity separation dependence and the large next-to-leading corrections to the BFKL equation

Recent concerns about the very large next-to-leading logarithmic (NLL) corrections to the BFKL equation are addressed by the introduction of a physical rapidity-separation parameter $\ensuremath{\Delta}.$ At the leading logarithm (LL) this parameter enforces the constraint that successive emitted gluons have a minimum separation in rapidity, ${y}_{i+1}\ensuremath{-}{y}_{i}g\ensuremath{\Delta}.$ The most significant effect is to reduce the BFKL Pomeron intercept from the standard result as $\ensuremath{\Delta}$ is increased from 0 (standard BFKL). At NLL this $\ensuremath{\Delta}$-dependence is compensated by a modification of the BFKL kernel, such that the total dependence on $\ensuremath{\Delta}$ is formally next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic. In this formulation, as long as $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\gtrsim}2.2$ (for ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{s}=0.15),$ (i) the NLL BFKL Pomeron intercept is stable with respect to variations of $\ensuremath{\Delta},$ and (ii) the NLL correction is small compared to the LL result. Implications for the applicability of the BFKL resummation to phenomenology are considered.
2H Solid-State NMR Investigation of Terephthalate Dynamics and Orientation in Mixed-Anion Hydrotalcite-Like Compounds

The dynamics and orientations of interlayer terephthalate (TA) anions in mixed-anion hydrotalcite-like compounds [Mg1-x Alx(OH)2](AyB1-y)x/2·nH2O, where A = p-C6D4(COO)22- and B = CO32-] were investigated by 2H variable-temperature solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Two dominant 003 d spacings, 7.6 and 14.2 A, were observed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) in these samples, suggesting that there were at least two interlayer environments. Over the range of layer charges studied (0.37 ≥ x ≥ 0.29), the intensity of the 7.6 A XRD peak increased with decreasing x, while the intensity of the 14.2 A peak increased with increasing x. Analysis of 2H NMR line shapes indicated that the motion of some of the TA anions in every sample could be described as rotational diffusion (RD) about the C−COO- axis at temperatures ranging from 245 to 355 K, with the remainder being essentially immobile. The fraction of TA anions exhibiting rotation (XRD), as estimated by 2H NMR, was positively correlated with th...
Anhydrous Milk Fat Fractionation with Continuous Countercurrent Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

A continuous pilot-scale supercritical carbon dioxide system was designed and built for separation and fractionation up to 400 g/hr of anhydrous milk fat. This fat was separated into five fractions (S1-S5) in the pressure range 24.1-3.4 MPa at 40-75 degrees C. The solvent/feed ratio was 62 with extraction yield 78 wt%. The short-chain (C4-C8) and medium-chain (C10-C12) fatty acids increased from S1-S5. The long-chain and unsaturated fatty acids (C14-C18) decreased gradually from S1-S5. The triglycerides followed the same trend as fatty acids. Cholesterol content decreased by 51% and beta-carotene concentration increased by 145% in the raffinate (S1).
Success-Producer and Failure-Preventer Marketing Skills: A Social Learning Theory Interpretation

This study examines organizations that emphasize differing types of marketing skills. It is based on a national survey of Health Maintenance Organizations. The organizations are first classified into groups based on their distinctive marketing skill configurations. Six groups were identified. Next, differences between these organization types are examined with respect to organization strategy, characteristics of the chief marketing executive, organizational environment, and performance. These results suggest that more successful organizations develop particular constellations of marketing skills. The results generally appear consistent with a social learning theory perspective on marketing skill development.
Transcatheter closure of the perimembranous ventricular septal defect-preclinical trial of a new Amplatzer device.

Objectives: This study assessed the feasibility and efficacy of implanting a new nitinol device for closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects in a swine model. Background: Perimembranous ventricular septal defect occurs in 80% of patients requiring treatment for congenital heart disease. Methods: The Amplatzer perimembranous ventricular septal occluder device (pmVSO2 device, AGA Medical Company, Plymouth MN) is a new transcatheter Nitinol device containing polyester fabric designed to close the perimembranous ventricular septal defect (VSD). The device has 75% reduction in radial force, 45% reduction in clamping force, and increased stability as compared to the previous version. The device was implanted in six swine with naturally occurring perimembranous VSD with immediate, 1, 7, ∼30, and ∼90 day followup by echocardiography, angiography, and final pathological examination. Results: The device was successfully implanted in all animals and was retrievable and repositionable. There was complete occlusion of the VSD in five of six cases without embolization. There was no thrombus formation on the device or occurrence of complete heart block. A single instance of a tiny residual shunt was attributed to capture of tricuspid valve apparatus. Conclusions: The success of this animal study confirms safety and feasibility of the Amplatzer pmVSO2 device. Human trials are planned. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Holistic person processing: faces with bodies tell the whole story.

Faces and bodies are typically encountered simultaneously, yet little research has explored the visual processing of the full person. Specifically, it is unknown whether the face and body are perceived as distinct components or as an integrated, gestalt-like unit. To examine this question, we investigated whether emotional face–body composites are processed in a holistic-like manner by using a variant of the composite face task, a measure of holistic processing. Participants judged facial expressions combined with emotionally congruent or incongruent bodies that have been shown to influence the recognition of emotion from the face. Critically, the faces were either aligned with the body in a natural position or misaligned in a manner that breaks the ecological person form. Converging data from 3 experiments confirm that breaking the person form reduces the facilitating influence of congruent body context as well as the impeding influence of incongruent body context on the recognition of emotion from the face. These results show that faces and bodies are processed as a single unit and support the notion of a composite person effect analogous to the classic effect described for faces.
Data link switching: present and future

The integration of computer networks has made it increasingly important for networking equipment to simultaneously handle a variety of data communications protocols. Networking products known as routers have proven themselves capable of handling many multiprotocol networking requirements, but have had difficulty addressing some important network configurations. Two of the most widely implemented protocols, IBM's Systems Network Architecture (SNA) and Network Basic Input/Output System (NetBIOS™), have characteristics that make it difficult for routers to support them in the same way as routers support other protocols. Networking vendors have devised a number of methods for transporting SNA and NetBIOS data traffic, but these methods have been largely nonstandard and have had other disadvantages. Data link switching (DLSw), initially developed by IBM, has attracted considerable interest among router vendors as a standard way to handle SNA and NetBIOS traffic and avoid some of the problems of earlier methods. A multivendor interest group within an IBM-sponsored forum on Advanced Peer-to-Peer Networking™ has developed and recently issued a standard DLSw specification. This paper briefly compares DLSw to the technologies that preceded it, provides a tutorial of the Version 1 DLSw standard, and discusses possible directions in which DLSw may evolve.
Intensity-modulated radiation therapy

Abstract Goffman, T. E. and Glatstein, E., Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy. Radiat. Res. 158, 115–117 (2002). Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is an increasingly popular technical means of tightly focusing the radiation dose around a cancer. As with stereotactic radiotherapy, IMRT uses multiple fields and angles to converge on the target. The potential for total dose escalation and for escalation of daily fraction size to the gross cancer is exciting. The excitement, however, has greatly overshadowed a range of radiobiological and clinical concerns.
Aiming Straight for the Heart: Prolyl Hydroxylases Set the BAR

The cellular response to a reduced oxygen state (or hypoxia) includes de novo alterations in gene expression patterns, many of which are controlled by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) transcription factors. HIF signaling is predominantly regulated by the dioxygenase family of prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs), also known as EGL nine homologs (EGLNs). The PHD family in higher eukaryotes, like the HIF alpha family, is composed of multiple members that have some shared biochemical properties yet have unique biological roles. Although HIF members are the major substrates identified to date for the PHD members, a reasonable expectation is that other proteins whose activities are altered by hypoxia may also serve as PHD substrates. Indeed, the beta(2)-adrenergic receptor, a major adrenergic heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein-coupled receptor in the heart, has been identified as a substrate for PHD3.
Genetics in Eating Disorders: State of the Science

Eating disorders have been viewed as psychiatric illnesses that are strongly influenced by societal pressures towards thinness and attractiveness. Although the environmental context of these disorders must not be neglected, recent research in the area of genetic epidemiology suggests a substantial influence of genetic factors on liability to eating disorders. This review presents a synthesis of current knowledge about genetic factors implicated in the etiology of eating disorders.
Ikaros SUMOylation: Switching Out of Repression

Ikaros plays a key role in lymphocyte development and homeostasis by both potentiating and repressing gene expression. Here we show that Ikaros interacts with components of the SUMO pathway and is SUMOylated in vivo. Two SUMOylation sites are identified on Ikaros whose simultaneous modification results in a loss of Ikaros' repression function. Ikaros SUMOylation disrupts its participation in both histone deacetylase (HDAC)-dependent and HDAC-independent repression but does not influence its nuclear localization into pericentromeric heterochromatin. These studies reveal a new dynamic way by which Ikaros-mediated gene repression is controlled by SUMOylation.
Peyronie's disease: urologist's knowledge base and practice patterns

Peyronie's disease (PD) is a poorly understood clinical entity. We performed an in-depth analysis of the knowledge base and current practice patterns of urologists in the United States. A 46-question instrument was created by two experienced PD practitioners and emailed to current American Urology Association members nationally. Questions were either multiple-choice or used a visual analogue scale. Responses regarding treatment options were answered by ranking a list of utilized therapies by preference. Data were aggregated and mean values for each category compiled. Responses were received from 639 urologists (67% in private practice). Almost all (98%) reported seeing PD patients with regularity. Twenty-six percent believed PD prevalence is ≤1%, a small fraction (5%) reporting prevalence as ≥10%. Only 3% referred patients to a subspecialist in PD. Twenty-six percent believed PD is a condition that does not warrant any treatment. The preferred initial management was with oral agents (81%). Of those who used intralesional injections as first line, verapamil was most commonly selected (67%). Seventy-nine percent perform surgery for PD with 86% reporting the optimal timing at ≥12 months after onset of symptoms. Seventy percent perform penile plication, most commonly the Nesbit technique (54%), 61% perform implant surgery and 37% reported performing plaque incision/excision and grafting. Although PD is now a more recognized condition, there are still large variances in knowledge and management strategies. Prospective clinical studies are needed to elucidate standardized management guidelines and a more cohesive strategy to manage this common disease.
Isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Spontaneously hypertensive rats were subjected to massive myocardial infarction. The pathophysiological changes were similar to those of normotensive rats but the spontaneously hypertensive rats developed congestive heart failure during myocardial repair rather than during the necrosis phase and survived in superior numbers. Blood pressure fell despite maximally increased corticosterone levels. Atrial and ventricular thromboses and left ventricular aneurysm formation were frequent.
Vertical cavity photonic crystal coupled-defect lasers for optical interconnects

Optical interconnects may play an important role in future spacecraft applications. Single mode laser sources are critical for high performance. Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) are viable candidates for space-based optical interconnects. A VCSEL with a 2D photonic crystal (PhC) structure has been investigated for single lateral mode operation. By controlling design parameters of the photonic crystal pattern, we have produced PhC VCSELs that operate in the fundamental defect mode. The transverse modal behavior is consistent with the predictions of a theoretical model in which the etching depth dependence of the air holes of the photonic crystals is considered. Photonic crystal patterns containing two defects were also fabricated within a VCSEL. By designing effective refractive index changes in the region between the two defects via cavity shifts caused by photonic crystals, we are also able to coherently couple laser light output from the defects.
Effect of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Policy About Deep Sedation on Use of Propofol

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services policy states that deep sedation can be administered only by an anesthesiologist, a certified registered nurse anesthetist, or a trained medical doctor or d...
Options for Closure of the Infected Abdomen

Abstract Background: The infected abdomen poses substantial challenges to surgeons, and often, both temporary and definitive closure techniques are required. We reviewed the options available to close the abdominal wall defect encountered frequently during and after the management of complicated intra-abdominal infections. Methods: A comprehensive review was performed of the techniques and literature on abdominal closure in the setting of intra-abdominal infection. Results: Temporary abdominal closure options include the Wittmann Patch, Bogota bag, vacuum-assisted closure (VAC), the AbThera™ device, and synthetic or biologic mesh. Definitive reconstruction has been described with mesh, components separation, and autologous tissue transfer. Conclusion: Reconstructing the infected abdomen, both temporarily and definitively, can be accomplished with various techniques, each of which is associated with unique advantages and disadvantages. Appropriate judgment is required to optimize surgical outcomes in these...
Gaseous Transmission Across Time and Species1

This paper reviews comparative and evolutionary aspects of nitric oxide (NO) signaling in major systematic groups such as prokaryotes, plants, fungi and invertebrate animals. It appears that NO-mediated signaling can be as old as cellular organization itself. Both non-enzymatic and enzymatic (in addition to NOS) synthetic pathways can contribute to NO formation in living systems. The evolutionary roots of this means of gaseous signaling can be traced back to the role of NO in non-immune defensive mechanisms and the role of NO in control of gene expression, chemical ecology and, perhaps, symbiotic interactions in the ancient prokaryotic world. These functions of NO can be preserved in practically all modern taxons and be widely expressed in the nervous system. However, it is hypothesized that neuronal NO signaling is a relatively new evolutionary invention and it is likely to have happened several times during animal evolution. Although a comparative analysis of neuronal NO signaling is still in its early stages, the hypothesis is proposed that in many invertebrate lineages one of the primary neuronal functions of NO was regulation of feeding patterns, chemosensory processing and neurodevelopment.
Multicultural and Contextual Research and Practice in School Counseling

This reaction to the contribution by Romano and Kachgal includes the following: (a) a discussion of its strengths, (b) an expansion of their model of collaboration between school counseling and counseling psychology by underscoring the importance of multiculturalism and context in schools, and (c) some future directions and implications for research and practice.
Classifying Wikipedia entities into fine-grained classes

Recognition of named entities (people, companies, locations, etc) is an essential task of text analytics. We address the subproblem of this task, namely, named entity classification. We propose a novel approach that constructs an effective fine-grained named entity classifier. Its key highlights are semi-automatic training set construction from Wikipedia articles and additional feature selection. We justify our solution by creating 18-class classifier and demonstrating its effectiveness and efficiency.
A responder analysis of the effects of yoga for individuals with COPD: who benefits and how?

We previously reported that a twice-weekly, modified Iyengar yoga program was a safe and viable self-management strategy for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). 1 Objective: The primary purpose of this exploratory analysis was to classify yoga participants into 1 of 3 responder categories by using minimum clinically important difference (MCID) criteria for each of 3 variables: 6-minute walk distance (6MW), distress related to dyspnea (shortness of breath; DD), and functional performance (FPI). Changes in health-related quality of life (HRQL) and in psychological well-being (anxiety and depression), and participants' self-reported improvements by responder category were also examined. A secondary goal was to identify baseline participant characteristics, including initial randomization assignment that might predict response to treatment. Methods: Participants were randomly assigned to either an initial yoga (IY) or an enhanced wait-list control (WLC) group. Those in the WLC group we...
Abstract B28: Racial/ethnic differences in prostate-specific antigen levels among U.S. men with metabolic syndrome: Results from NHANES 2001-2006

Objective: Effect of the interplay between metabolic syndrome and race/ethnicity on prostate specific antigen (PSA) remains unclear. Different definitions of metabolic syndrome (National Cholesterol Education Program [ATP III], International Diabetes Federation [IDF] and World Health Organization [WHO]) may influence PSA disparities. Prevalence of these definitions varies by race/ethnicity. Little is known whether the degree to which serum PSA levels differ is dependent upon the metabolic syndrome definition used, and whether these associations vary by race and ethnicity. Methods: We measured serum PSA (ng/mL) in 3528 adult men >40 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001-2006. Metabolic syndrome was defined with ATP III, IDF, and WHO criteria. Racial/ethnic groups included non-Hispanic blacks (NHB9s), non-Hispanic whites (NHW9s) and Mexican-Americans (MA9s). We computed adjusted geometric mean PSA by definition of metabolic syndrome and race/ethnicity. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis were performed. Results: Univariate analysis was used to calculate age adjusted geometric mean PSA. Multivariable analysis were adjusted for age, smoking, moderate and vigorous physical activity and plasma-volume. Multivariable analyses showed men classified with ATP III and WHO metabolic syndrome had lower PSA concentrations than those without it (P=0.01 and P=0.03, respectively). Stratifying these associations by race and ethnicity showed that NHW9s classified with ATP III and WHO definitions had lower PSA concentrations than those without it (P Conclusion: Different criteria for defining metabolic syndrome and its stratification by race and ethnicity had an inverse effect on PSA concentrations among MA and NHW. Our findings highlight the implications when investigating the interplay of different anthropometric measurements and metabolic factors with PSA levels by race and ethnicity. Citation Format: Shailesh M. Advani, David S. Lopez. Racial/ethnic differences in prostate-specific antigen levels among U.S. men with metabolic syndrome: Results from NHANES 2001-2006. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Sixth AACR Conference: The Science of Cancer Health Disparities; Dec 6–9, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014;23(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B28. doi:10.1158/1538-7755.DISP13-B28
Multinuclear NMR studies of aqueous vanadium–HEDTA complexes

N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine-N,N′,N′-triacetic acid (HEDTA) is an alternative chelator similar to ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) which is commonly used for metal–ion removal. Because of the introduced asymmetry in the HEDTA ligand, more than one coordination complex can form. The interaction between HEDTA and vanadate has been studied by 1D and 2D, 51V, 13C, and 1H NMR spectroscopies at ambient temperature to determine the complexes formed in solution and to explore the pH dependence on complex formation. Two main complexes form in the reaction between vanadate and HEDTA at a one to one ratio in the pH range between 3 and 11. The first complex, V-HEDTA1, begins to form at pH 6 and decreases as pH increases to pH 10. The second complex, V-HEDTA2, forms above pH 3 and increases with pH until pH 9 where the complex no longer forms. Structurally, V-HEDTA2 is similar to the complex that forms between vanadate and EDTA, whereas the data is consistent with the alkoxy arm of the V-HEDTA2 complex being weakly coordinated. The other complex formed, V-HEDTA1, is structurally different from the vanadate EDTA complex. The formation constants of the V–HEDTA complexes and the β values were calculated for the future use of these constants to predict formation of complexes under biological and environmental studies.
The Learning of Consumer Preference

No field of psychology has so ancient and honorable a tradition of research as that concerned with the process of human learning. Despite theoretical controversies, a number of general principles h...
Skin Tests with Filtrates and Vaccines of Staphylococcus Aureus

produced by staphylococcus filtrates apparently demonstrating an exotoxin comparable to that obtained with the filtrates of Streptococcus hemolyticus of scarlet fever,2 erysipelas,3 puerperal sepsis,4 and septicemia.5 Heinbecker and Irvine Jones 6 have since reported similar reactions in man in a group of 77 Eskimos, and Greenebaum and Harkins 7 in 19 cases of chronic staphylococcus pyodermia. In the following report the first observations were extended, in a larger number of normal persons, and also in patients affected with staphylococcus infections, testing the filtrates and vaccines of numerous strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from active pyogenic lesions. The method described by the Dicks 2 with streptococcus toxin was used. Fifty freshly isolated strains of Staphylococcus aureus were obtained from various lesions as abscesses of breast, kidney, and hand, carbuncles, furuncles, otitis media, and from other sources as indicated in table 1. They produced typical golden pigment which varied in intensity; on blood agar nineteen strains showed hemolysis. Both the hemolytic and nonhemolytic strains produced potent filtrates which, however, varied considerably in potency. The staphylococci were grown in broth prepared with Witte's peptone Ph 7.4, and incubated at 37 C. for 4 days. The broth was filtered through Berkefeld filters. The sterile filtrates were diluted from 1: 250 to 1: 2000; tests were made by intradermal injections of 0.2 cc. into the middle portion of the forearm; controls were made on the opposite arm with the heated filtrate. Reac-
Activity of a Juvenile Hormone Analogue on a Parasitoid, Apanteles rubecula, Via Its Host, Pieris rapae

No apparent effects on the parasitoid Apanteles rubecula Marshall were observed after completion of its development in larvae of the imported cabbageworm, Pieris rapae (L.), treated with a juvenile hormone analogue. Emergence, longevity, and sex ratio of A. rubecula were not affected. A topical dose of 3 ng/larva (0.9 µg/g-larva) resulted in 73% of P. rapae larvae surviving to the pupal stage. About 50% of the pupal survivors of the 3 ng/larva treatment were malformed.
Thermoelectric properties of the compounds AgPbmLaTe m+2

The thermoelectric properties of the new compounds AgPbmLaTem+2 (m = 15, 18, 20, 25, 30, 35) were investigated in the temperature range of 300 to ∼720 K and compared to those of AgPb18MTe20 (M = Sb...
Mössbauer studies of iron organometallic complexes—III: Octahedral complexes

Abstract Fe57 Mossbauer spectra and magnetic susceptibility data have been obtained on twenty-eight complexes of ferrous and ferric iron. Ligands include cyanides, substituted phenanthrolines, substituted dipyridyls, halogens, water, isothiocyanates, isoselenocyanates and azides. The nephelauxetic effect of the ligands is clearly revealed in the quadrupole splitting of the ferrous and ferric complexes.
Regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis by islet endoplasmic reticulum and its role in insulin secretion

Changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentrations have a major role in the regulation of insulin secretion by islet beta-cells. It has recently become apparent that the endoplasmic reticulum plays a pro...
Ca2+ in the control of active intestinal Na and Cl transport: involvement in neurohumoral action

Intracellular Ca2+ is a regulator of active intestinal Na and Cl transport. Most studies have been done with rabbit ileum. Increasing intracellular Ca2+ decreases active Na and Cl absorption and/or stimulates active Cl secretion; lowering intracellular Ca2+ stimulates Na and Cl absorption. Based on studies with microvillus membrane vesicles from rabbit ileum, a direct effect of Ca2+ and calmodulin on linked Na and Cl uptake is established. Intracellular Ca2+ and cAMP affect the same transport processes and act in a nonadditive manner. Intracellular Ca2+ does not act by changing intestinal cAMP or cGMP contents, and increasing cAMP mobilizes intracellular Ca2+. Whether this Ca2+ is involved in regulation of ion transport is not known. The aspects of Ca2+ handling identified as involved in regulation of active intestinal Na and Cl transport include entry of Ca2+ across the basolateral membrane, mobilization of Ca2+ from intracellular stores, and involvement of the Ca2+-binding protein calmodulin. Several neurohumoral substances alter intestinal transport by Ca2+-dependent mechanisms and appear to act primarily by increasing (serotonin, carbachol, substance P, and neurotensin) or decreasing (dopamine) Ca2+ entry across the basolateral membrane of intestinal epithelial cells.
Heart rate conditioning in goldfish (Carassius auratus) and not in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)

The heart rate response for goldfish, Carassius auratus, and rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, was compared with CS, US, and pseudoconditioning controls within a respondent conditioning paradigm. Goldfish, but not rainbow trout, showed a differential CHR (bradycardia) in the experimental condition in contrast to the controls.
Solar Bytes Pavilion

The Solar Bytes Pavilion is a temporary structure that highlights a potential for architecture, where buildings are fabricated using new techniques (robot arm, 3D printing), incorporate smart technologies (light sensors) and are powered by renewable energy sources (solar power). Taking advantage of a robot arm’s strength and range of movement, the pavilion was 3D printed with an experimental extruder and the result is a structure comprised of ninety four unique modules that charge during the day and glow at night.
CHAPTER 37 – Familial Forms of Primary Hyperparathyroidism

The genetic basis for most cases of the hyperparathyroidism mimic syndrome Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia (FHH; also called familial benign hypercalcemia) has been resolved. Other hereditary endocrine syndromes and variants only sporadically involve the parathyroid gland. Parathyroid adenomas with apparently dominant transmission but without accompanying jaw tumors or other endocrinopathy have been reported in a few families. In at least two such families, the parathyroid adenomas were cystic, suggesting a variant of the familial cystic parathyroid adenomatosis syndrome in which there is low penetrance of the jaw fibroma component. This hypothesis may become testable when the genetic locus of the cystic adenoma jaw fibroma syndrome has been found. The molecular basis of FHH was resolved with the discovery and cloning of a cell surface calcium-sensing receptor. This classic G protein-coupled receptor enables parathyroid cells to translate elevations in extracellular calcium into increase in intracellular calcium and decreases in parathyroid hormone secretion. Inactivating mutations of this receptor produce FHH whereas activating mutations are a cause of familial hypoparathyroidism.
Diagnostic Peritoneal Lavage

Diagnostic peritoneal lavage (DPL) is an invasive procedure, predominantly of historical significance, used to diagnose hemoperitoneum or bowel injury in patients who have experienced blunt or penetrating abdominal trauma. This procedure is now primarily used in hemodynamically unstable patients cared for in resource-constrained environments, to determine the need for exploratory laparotomy. Due to the rapidly progressing use of focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) and computed tomography (CT), DPL is no longer considered the primary modality for diagnosing blood in the abdominal cavity and has been removed from ATLS guidelines. The only absolute contraindication is an obvious need for laparotomy. Relative contraindications include coagulopathy, prior abdominal surgeries, abdominal wall infections, pregnancy, and morbid obesity. DPL can be done via two different approaches: open or closed. The most common technique is closed with modified Seldinger technique. The procedure can be performed through either infraumbilical or supraumbilical locations. The most common location is infraumbilical. Positive findings during a DPL indicate a need for emergent exploratory laparotomy for the hemodynamically unstable patient. Positive findings include >10 cc of frank blood or enteric contents aspirated during phase 1 of the procedure or >100,000 RBC/mm3 and/or >500 WBC/mm3 during phase 2 of the procedure. When resources are limited, DPL can be a useful procedure when determining the need for exploratory laparotomy.
Design and Weighting Methods for a Nationally Representative Sample of HIV-infected Adults Receiving Medical Care in the United States-Medical Monitoring Project.

BACKGROUND Health surveys of the general US population are inadequate for monitoring human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection because the relatively low prevalence of the disease (<0.5%) leads to small subpopulation sample sizes. OBJECTIVE To collect a nationally and locally representative probability sample of HIV-infected adults receiving medical care to monitor clinical and behavioral outcomes, supplementing the data in the National HIV Surveillance System. This paper describes the sample design and weighting methods for the Medical Monitoring Project (MMP) and provides estimates of the size and characteristics of this population. METHODS To develop a method for obtaining valid, representative estimates of the in-care population, we implemented a cross-sectional, three-stage design that sampled 23 jurisdictions, then 691 facilities, then 9,344 HIV patients receiving medical care, using probability-proportional-to-size methods. The data weighting process followed standard methods, accounting for the probabilities of selection at each stage and adjusting for nonresponse and multiplicity. Nonresponse adjustments accounted for differing response at both facility and patient levels. Multiplicity adjustments accounted for visits to more than one HIV care facility. RESULTS MMP used a multistage stratified probability sampling design that was approximately self-weighting in each of the 23 project areas and nationally. The probability sample represents the estimated 421,186 HIV-infected adults receiving medical care during January through April 2009. Methods were efficient (i.e., induced small, unequal weighting effects and small standard errors for a range of weighted estimates). CONCLUSION The information collected through MMP allows monitoring trends in clinical and behavioral outcomes and informs resource allocation for treatment and prevention activities.
The Role of Resins, Asphaltenes, and Water in Water–Oil Emulsion Breaking with Microwave Heating

The stability of water-in-oil emulsions highly depends on the existence of polar components and their interactions within the emulsions. Asphaltenes, resins, and water are the main polar components of the emulsions. As the stability of the emulsions increases, emulsion breaking becomes more difficult and requires more energy and chemical input. With this study, we propose a significant reduction in energy and chemical use for efficient break up of water-in-oil emulsions through the application of microwave heating. To demonstrate this concept, we conduct experiments on different emulsions that originated from steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) and expanding solvent SAGD (ES-SAGD) and investigate how the polar components initially present in the emulsions affect the microwave efficiency. Water, a polar molecule which is the main component in emulsions, was expected to allow the most efficient microwave absorption. However, our results show that asphaltenes and resins have greater role than the water co...
“A storehouse of prisoners”: Rio de Janeiro’s Correction House (Casa de Correção) and the birth of the penitentiary in Brazil, 1830–1906

ABSTRACTThis article chronicles the construction of Rio de Janeiro’s Correction House, the Casa de Correcao between 1830 and 1906. I examine why more than 60 years after its inauguration in 1850 the penitentiary was perceived as a failed experiment in liberal penal reform by Brazilian statesmen. In the second quarter of the nineteenth century, Brazilian liberals from the Society for the Defense of Freedom and National Independence – Sociedade Defensora da Liberdade e Independencia Nacional – turned to the Atlantic’s marketplace of ideas to shape their views on confinement which they held as pivotal for establishing Brazil’s place in the world of civilized nations. They drew their understandings on the penitentiary primarily from an 1826 commission’s report from the Society for the Improvement of Prison Discipline and the Reformation of Juvenile Offenders, and from American penology, mainly Auburn’s “congregate” and Pennsylvania’s “separate” system. Local ideas about order and the racial hierarchies of the...
CTC1-mediated C-strand fill-in is an essential step in telomere length maintenance

To prevent progressive telomere shortening as a result of conventional DNA replication, new telomeric DNA must be added onto the chromosome end. The de novo DNA synthesis involves elongation of the G-rich strand of the telomere by telomerase. In human cells, the CST complex (CTC1-STN1-TEN1) also functions in telomere replication. CST first aids in duplication of the telomeric dsDNA. Then after telomerase has extended the G-rich strand, CST facilitates fill-in synthesis of the complementary C-strand. Here, we analyze telomere structure after disruption of human CTC1 and demonstrate that functional CST is essential for telomere length maintenance due to its role in mediating C-strand fill-in. Removal of CTC1 results in elongation of the 3΄ overhang on the G-rich strand. This leads to accumulation of RPA and telomeric DNA damage signaling. G-overhang length increases with time after CTC1 disruption and at early times net G-strand growth is apparent, indicating telomerase-mediated G-strand extension. In contrast, C-strand length decreases continuously, indicating a deficiency in C-strand fill-in synthesis. The lack of C-strand maintenance leads to gradual shortening of the telomeric dsDNA, similar to that observed in cells lacking telomerase. Thus, telomerase-mediated G-strand extension and CST-mediated C-strand fill-in are equally important for telomere length maintenance.
Concurrent chemoradiotherapy using carboplatin/cetuximab regimen in patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LA-HNSCC) not eligible for high-dose cisplatin (HD-DDP).

e16001 Background: Cetuximab (Cx) + radiation therapy (RT) is well tolerated and has improved survival in patients (pts) with LA-HNSCC. However, its efficacy when compared to HD-DDP + RT has been q...