cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A new life system approach to the Prognostic and Health Management (PHM) with survival analysis, dynamic hybrid fault models, evolutionary game theory, and three-layer survivability analysis

In this paper, I propose a new architecture for PHM, which is characterized by life-system approach— treating PHM as a hierarchical system with fundamental properties similar to those of life systems. Conceptually, besides drawing on the important concepts from existing PHM theory and practice such as life cycle, condition-based maintenance (CBM), remaining useful lifetime (RUL), I draw on the dynamic hybrid fault models (DHF) from fault tolerance theory and agreement algorithms, three-layer survivability analysis from survivable network systems (SNS), population dynamics from population ecology, and survival analysis from biostatistics and biomedicine. Methodologically, three main mathematical tools: survival analysis (including competing risks analysis and multivariate survival analysis), dynamic hybrid fault models and evolutionary game theory (EGT) are applied for PHM modeling and analysis. Operationally, the three-layer survivability analysis is applied to deal with the so-called UUUR(Unpredictable, latent, Unobserved or Unobservable Risks) events and to achieve sound decision-making. Overall, the advantages of the new architecture include: (1) Offer a flexible architecture that is not only compatible with existing components/approaches of PHM, such as lifetime, reliability, maintainability, safety, data-driven prognostics, and model-based prognostics, but also readily extendable to incorporate fault tolerance, survivability, and security. (2) Utilize survival analysis, competing risks analysis, and multivariate survival analysis for better modeling of lifetime and reliability at both individual and population (group of components) levels. (3) Approach the fault tolerance and reliability of the monitoring sensor network in PHM and those of the underlying physical system with the DHF models. (4) Analyze the system survivability (sustainability) with the three-layer survivability analysis approaches. (5) Capture security events with UUUR events and incorporate security policies into PHM.
Olefin Autoxidation in Flow

Handling hazardous multiphase reactions in flow brings not only safety advantages but also significantly improved performance, due to better mass transfer characteristics. In this paper, we present...
Photography and Ethics in Evaluation

In recent years evaluators have been using photography as one method for collecting data in qualitative evaluatron studies. The public nature of photographs have ethical implications for application in evaluation practice. Of primary ethical concern are the issues of honesty and accurate representation in the sampling plan, proposed use of the photographs, and selection and interpretation of the photographs for presentation. Additional considerations include costs and benefits for the evaluator, clients, participants, and society.
Coherence of entangled-photon pairs generated from separate crystals using a highly monochromatic laser pump

Summary form only given. We have experimentally demonstrated that the two-photon probability amplitudes of photon pairs generated using spontaneous parametric down conversion from separate nonlinear crystals, under the conditions outlined above, remain independent and cannot be used to engineer more complex quantum states. The spontaneous nature of the down-conversion process prevents pairs of photons generated in unconnected regions of interaction from having a stable phase relationship between components of their probability amplitudes. The experiment has been performed using two BaB/sub 2/O/sub 4/ nonlinear crystals, of lengths 0.5 mm and 1.5 mm respectively. They have been cut to generate phase-matched type-II collinear down conversion.
A Retrospective Study on the Protective Effects of Topical Vancomycin in Patients Undergoing Multilevel Spinal Fusion.

Background Topical vancomycin may be an effective intervention to decrease the risk of postoperative surgical site infections (SSIs). The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of topical vancomycin with intravenous (IV) cefazolin compared with IV cefazolin alone on the incidence of SSI in instrumented multilevel spinal fusion (MLSF) surgery. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of patients 18 years and older who underwent instrumented MLSF surgery between January 1, 2010, and July 31, 2014. Patients who underwent anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion, had spine surgery within 3 months prior to index case, received antibiotics other than IV cefazolin prior to surgery, or had preoperative length of stay longer than 5 days were excluded. SSIs were identified using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Healthcare Safety Network definitions. Summary statistics were computed. Variables found to be associated with increased risk of SSI through univariate analysis were included in a multivariate analysis. Results Among 326 patients, 29 (8.9%) developed an SSI. Univariate analysis showed a trend toward decreased SSI incidence in the cohort receiving topical vancomycin with IV cefazolin compared with IV cefazolin alone, although this was not statistically significant ([6/116] 5.2% vs [23/210] 11.0%, p = 0.08). Topical vancomycin was associated with a protective effect against SSI in the multivariate analysis (odds ratio [OR] 0.26, p = 0.02). Significant risk factors for the development of SSI included female sex (OR 3.3, p = 0.01), increasing invasiveness score (p < 0.01), and diabetes mellitus (OR 5.1, p < 0.01). Conclusion Topical vancomycin administered in addition to IV cefazolin was associated with a decreased risk of SSI in high-risk MLSF patients. Female patients and those with diabetes mellitus were at higher risk of developing postsurgical infection. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these results and to define the most clinically effective dose of topical vancomycin in this patient population.
Cloning and expression of the gene for the cross-reactive alpha antigen of Mycobacterium kansasii.

Abstract The gene for the extracellular alpha antigen of Mycobacterium kansasii was cloned by using the alpha-antigen gene fragments of M. bovis BCG as probes. Gene analysis revealed that this gene encodes 325 amino acid residues, including 40 amino acids for the signal peptide, followed by 285 amino acids for the mature protein. A comparison of the nucleotide sequences of the genes isolated from these two mycobacterial species showed that the levels of DNA and amino acid homology were 84.8 and 89.1%, respectively. The hydropathy profiles were also compared, and two highly changed hydrophilic regions were observed, which might account for the antigenic diversity of this antigen or its acquirement of antigenic specificity.
A Multi-label Ensemble Method Based on Minimum Ranking Margin Maximization

Multi-label classification is a learning task of predicting a set of target labels for a given example. In this paper, we propose an ensemble method for multi-label classification, which is designed to optimize a novel minimum ranking margin objective function. Moreover, a boosting-type strategy is adopted to construct an accurate multi-label ensemble from multiple weak base classifiers. Experiments on different real-world multi-label classification tasks show that better performance can be achieved compared to other well-established methods.
An integrative review of women, gender, and leisure: increasing complexities.

AbstractResearch about women and leisure has grown consistently over the past 30 years. This paper extends four previous integrative reviews about research content regarding women's leisure. Resear...
Sensitivity of Early Brain Computed Tomography to Exclude Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background and Purpose—Emerging evidence demonstrating the high sensitivity of early brain computed tomography (CT) brings into question the necessity of always performing lumbar puncture after a negative CT in the diagnosis of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Our objective was to determine the sensitivity of brain CT using modern scanners (16-slice technology or greater) when performed within 6 hours of headache onset to exclude SAH in neurologically intact patients. Methods—After conducting a comprehensive literature search using Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus, we conducted a meta-analysis. We included original research studies of adults presenting with a history concerning for spontaneous SAH and who had noncontrast brain CT scan using a modern generation multidetector CT scanner within 6 hours of symptom onset. Our study adheres to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA). Results—A total of 882 titles were reviewed and 5 articles...
Solubility of bilirubin in aqueous solutions.

SummarySolubility of unconjugated bilirubin was studied in protein-free aqueous solutions of various molarity and pH. At salt concentrations approximating that of extracellular fluid, bilirubin was found to be more soluble than has hitherto been assumed. Solubility of bilirubin in aqueous solution depends critically on pH and ionic strength.
Poromechanical effect in the lithium–sulfur battery cathode

Abstract In lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries, during discharge, solid sulfur (S 8 ( s ) ) gets dissolved and undergoes successive reduction and finally precipitates as lithium sulfide (Li 2 S) in a typical carbon-based, porous cathode. Deposition of Li 2 S leads to 80% volume expansion compared to solid S 8 ( s ) . During the dissolution–precipitation process, the total volume change of the electrolyte in the pore space can be attributed to two factors: (a) precipitation/dissolution of the solid sulfur phase; and (b) the cathode microstructure shrinks or swells to accommodate the changes in the pore volume resulting from the electrolyte induced hydrostatic pressure. Current lithium–sulfur performance models neglect this contribution. In this work, a computational methodology has been developed to quantify the impact of precipitation induced volume change, pore morphology and confinement attributes in a Li–S cathode. Impact of volume expansion on cell voltage has also been analyzed using a performance model. It is found that the poromechanical interaction significantly affects the second voltage plateau. Cathode microstructures with relatively smaller pores tend to experience less volume expansion, for the same operating conditions. It has been found that non-uniform precipitation may lead to significant pore confinement, which has the potential to cause microcrack formation in the pore walls of a typical carbon-based cathode microstructure.
Emotional, Epistemic, and Neutral Feedback in AutoTutor Trialogues to Improve Reading Comprehension

We manipulated three types of short feedback (emotional, epistemic, and neutral) in an intelligent tutoring system designed to help struggling adult readers improve reading comprehension strategies. Although participants self-reported a preference for emotional feedback, there were no differences in individual motivation or usefulness ratings between emotional and epistemic feedback. Analysis from coded facial emotions indicated that participants tended to be more sensitive to epistemic feedback than emotional feedback.
Context information significantly improves brain computer interface performance - a case study on text entry using a language model assisted BCI

We present recent results on the design of the RSVP Keyboard - a brain computer interface (BCI) for expressive language generation for functionally locked-in individuals using rapid serial visual presentation of letters or other symbols such as icons. The proposed BCI design tightly incorporates probabilistic contextual information obtained from a language model into the single or multi-trial event related potential (ERP) decision mechanism. This tight fusion of contextual information with instantaneous and independent brain activity is demonstrated to potentially improve accuracy in a dramatic manner. Specifically, a simple regularized discriminant single-trial ERP classifier's performance can be increased from a naive baseline of 75% to 98% in a 28-symbol alphabet operating at 5% false ERP detection rate.We also demonstrate results which show that trained healthy subjects can achieve real-time typing accuracies over 90% mostly relying on single-trial ERP evidence when supplemented with a rudimentary n-gram language model. Further discussion and preliminary results include our initial efforts involving a locked-in individual and our efforts to train him to improve his skill in performing the task.
Sophie Taeuber, ca. 1917

Performances by Taeuber at the Cabaret Voltaire are not verified. Most likely, this studio photograph (Figure 1) shows Sophie Taeuber dancing the “abstract dances” to sound poems by Hugo Ball, whic...
Characterizing extreme and oppressive heat waves in Illinois

Heat waves are characteristic features of summertime climate in the Midwest United States, and can have significant agricultural, hydrological, and societal impacts. Historically, heat waves in the Midwest state of Illinois have been either extreme (high temperature, low humidity) or oppressive (high temperature, high humidity) in nature, but our knowledge of the factors determining which heat wave type occurs is limited. We use self-organizing maps to classify synoptic-scale atmospheric circulation patterns associated with oppressive and extreme heat events, and analysis of variance to evaluate the atmospheric and land surface features responsible for differences in humidity that characterize the two. We find the majority of extreme and oppressive heat events are associated with similar synoptic-scale atmospheric conditions. Additionally, both locally-evaporated moisture and advected moisture sources were important for determining which of the two heat wave types occurred. Specifically, oppressive heat waves were characterized by abundant antecedent precipitation, surplus soil moisture, and elevated evapotranspiration and related atmospheric humidity. Lower humidity levels during extreme heat wave events were driven by relative reductions in evapotranspiration due to limited soil water content. Overall, our results suggest that the onset of heat waves in Illinois is primarily driven by circulation features in the upper atmosphere; however, the distinction of extreme or oppressive heat wave is due to differences in boundary layer humidity, driven in part by land surface moisture availability for evapotranspiration.
“Home Practice Is the Program”: Parents’ Practice of Program Skills as Predictors of Outcomes in the New Beginnings Program Effectiveness Trial

An examination of the content and processes of evidence-based programs is critical for empirically evaluating theories about how programs work, the “action theory” of the program (West et al. in American Journal of Community Psychology, 21, 571–605, 1993). The New Beginnings Program (NBP; Wolchik et al., 2007), a parenting-after-divorce preventive intervention, theorizes that program-induced improvements in parenting across three domains: positive relationship quality, effective discipline, and protecting children from interparental conflict, will reduce the negative outcomes that are common among children from divorced families. The process theory is that home practice of program skills related to these parenting domains is the primary mechanism leading to positive change in parenting. This theory was tested using multi-rater data from 477 parents in the intervention condition of an effectiveness trial of the NBP (Sandler et al. 2016a, 2016b). Four research questions were addressed: Does home practice of skills predict change in the associated parenting outcomes targeted by the program? Is the effect above and beyond the influence of attendance at program sessions? What indicators of home practice (i.e., attempts, fidelity, efficacy, and competence) are most predictive of improvements in parenting? Do these indicators predict parenting improvements in underserved subpopulations (i.e., fathers and Latinos)? Structural Equation Modeling analyses indicated that parent-reported efficacy and provider-rated parent competence of home practice predicted improvements in the targeted parenting domains according to both parent and child reports. Moreover, indicators of home practice predicted improvements in parenting for fathers and Latinos, although patterns of effects varied by parenting outcome.
The Circulation of Post-Millennial Extreme Cinema

Extreme cinema is an international trend which encompasses a wide range of cinematic genres: thrillers, dramatic narratives, so-called “art films,” and horror films. In the context of Asian extreme films, we find an especially highly-dynamic crisscrossing of influences. There is an assumption in the Western imagination that the Asian diaspora is unidirectional insofar as Asian populations gravitate toward the beacons of Western civilization. Trends in post-millennial extreme cinema however disrupt this particular diasporic narrative. This article argues that post-millennial extreme films are not simply a bidirectional flow, but rather a complex circulation of themes, aesthetic motifs, and filmmakers.
Aspiration Pneumonia/Bronchitis

Swallowing is an organized bodily function that occurs in four phases and involves the fine coordination of 30 different pairs of nerves and muscles. Problems arise when there are structural and/or functional defects in this highly coordinated process. “Aspiration” refers to an inadvertent inhalation of oropharyngeal secretions/gastric contents below the level of the true vocal cords into the respiratory tract.
A Central Learning Outcome for the Central Science

Chemistry has served a unique historical role among the sciences by not only studying the world around us, but also creating the chemicals we study and use. The impacts of chemistry are accordingly more profound on earth and societal systems, and helping our students understand both the benefits and potential hazards of chemicals and chemical processes represents a core responsibility of chemistry education. Establishing an overarching learning outcome for chemistry courses presents a flexible approach for embracing the challenge posed by our unique history and catalyzing future contributions to society through the students we educate.
Framing Climate Change: Exploring the Role of Emotion in Generating Advocacy Behavior:

Substantial research examines the cognitive factors underlying proenviron-mental message effectiveness. In contrast, this study investigates the role of emotion, fear and hope specifically, in the ...
A Republic for China

The New Year bells, as Tennyson sang, did “Ring out the old, ring in the new.” Amidst their merry chimes there was brought forth, in the ancient land of China, a republic. Liberty rejoices in it. China’s sons are rejoicing in it. Yet the world hesitates to join in our voices of rapture and gratification. There are still sneers and laughter at the idea of a republic for China. It is in the defense of this “chosen music” of Liberty for China that I venture to submit to our American friends a justification of that new birth in China.
Impredicativity, Dynamics, and the Perception-Action Divide

In this brief and largely pictorial essay I address the divide between perception and action. I review theoretical perspectives on ways in which the divide might be crossed and on ways in which the divide might be dissolved. Some of the ways to either cross or dissolve are traditional, others are recent, and some, importantly for our present purposes, are fundamentally dynamical.
Pgrmc1 Knockout Impairs Oocyte Maturation in Zebrafish.

Recent investigations suggest progestin receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) associates with and transports a wide range of molecules such as heme, cytochromes P450, steroids with 21 carbons, membrane progestin receptor alpha (mPRα/Paqr7), epidermal growth factor receptor, and insulin receptor. It is difficult to discriminate the true functions of PGRMC1 from the functions of its associated molecules using biochemical and pharmacological approaches. To determine the physiological function(s) of PGRMC1, we generated global knockouts for pgrmc1 (pgrmc1-/-) in zebrafish. We found a reduction in both spawning frequency and the number of embryos produced by female mutants. We also observed reduced sensitivity of fully-grown immature oocytes to a progestin hormone and a reduced number of oocytes undergone meiotic maturation both in vivo and in vitro in pgrmc1-/-. This reduced sensitivity to progestin corresponds well with significant reduced expression of mPRalpha, the receptor mainly responsible for mediating oocyte maturation and meiosis resumption in fish. The results provide in vivo and in vitro evidence for the physiological functions of Pgrmc1 in oocyte maturation and fertility, as well as a plausible molecular mechanism via regulation of mPR, which in turn directly regulates oocyte maturation and affects fertility in zebrafish.
The calculation of transcript flux ratios reveals single regulatory mechanisms capable of activation and repression

The regulation of transcription allows cells to adjust the rate of RNA polymerases (RNAPs) initiated in a promoter-specific manner. Classically, transcription factors are directed to a subset of promoters via the recognition of DNA sequence motifs. However, a unique class of regulators is recruited directly through interactions with RNAP. Surprisingly, these factors may still possess promoter specificity, and it has been postulated that the same kinetic mechanism leads to different regulatory outcomes depending on a promoter’s basal rate constants. However, mechanistic studies of regulation typically report factor activity in terms of changes in the thermodynamics or kinetics of individual steps or states while qualitatively linking these observations to measured changes in transcript production. Here, I present online calculators that allow for the direct testing of mechanistic hypotheses by calculating the steady-state transcript flux in the presence and absence of a factor as a function of initiation rate constants. By evaluating how the flux ratio of a single kinetic mechanism varies across promoter space, quantitative insights into the potential of a mechanism to generate promoter-specific regulatory outcomes are obtained. Using these calculations, I predict that the mycobacterial transcription factor CarD is capable of repression in addition to its known role as an activator of ribosomal genes. In addition, a modification of the mechanism of the stringent response factors DksA/guanosine 5′-diphosphate 3′-diphosphate (ppGpp) is proposed based on their ability to differentially regulate transcription across promoter space. Overall, I conclude that a multifaceted kinetic mechanism is a requirement for differential regulation by this class of factors.
Development of Arithmetic Fluency: A Direct Effect of Reading Fluency?.

The present longitudinal study investigated the developmental trajectories of addition, subtraction, and multiplication fluency; their relationships to general cognitive functions; and potential interrelations between reading fluency and growth in arithmetic fluency for different operations. The central prediction was that measures of arithmetic fluency for different operations would be differentially related to reading fluency because of variations in the timing and format of arithmetic instruction. Panel data on children’s arithmetic fluency and reading fluency performance were collected twice per year in third, fourth, and fifth grades (N = 449). For each operation tested (addition, subtraction, and multiplication), a series of bivariate (reading/arithmetic) latent growth and autoregressive latent trajectory models were constructed. After controlling for background cognitive variables, significant short- and long-term relationships to reading fluency were observed only for multiplication fluency. Specifically, reading fluency in early third grade predicted both immediately subsequent multiplication fluency scores and the slope of growth in multiplication fluency across subsequent grade levels. Exploratory analyses of covariate effects showed that whole number line estimation accuracy was related to growth in multiplication and subtraction fluency, while general verbal ability had a unique relationship to subtraction fluency that was not observed for either addition or multiplication. Overall, results indicate that children’s level of reading fluency and differences among arithmetic operations should be considered both when conducting research and when making instructional decisions about how to build students’ arithmetic fluency. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
Experimental examination and extension of the cheerleader effect

Abstract Mate value – the assessment of one's potential worth as a sexual or romantic partner – is influenced by a variety of factors both intrinsic and extrinsic to the individual being evaluated. One of these extrinsic factors, the appearance of the potential partner in a group setting rather than alone, has been shown to increase a person's mate value as assessed via physical attractiveness, a circumstance dubbed the cheerleader effect. The current study provides additional support for this effect with a conceptual replication demonstrating an increase in ratings of targets when those targets are presented in a group compared to when presented singly. However, this effect is moderated by several factors, including target sex, target baseline level of attractiveness, the level of attractiveness of the members of the group, and whether the target is being rated on physical attractiveness or overall value as a short-term or long-term partner. In short, the cheerleader effect was evident for ratings of female attractiveness and ratings of male and female value as romantic partners, but then only when (a) the group contained at least some highly attractive individuals and (b) the individuals being evaluated met a minimum level of attractiveness.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of definitions and reported incidences of anthracycline cardiotoxicity.

e23081Background: Anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity (AIC) is a well-known phenomenon, but the true incidence is poorly defined, and definitions of AIC in the literature are variable. We performe...
Management of Pediatric Sinonasal and Skull Base Lesions

Pediatric sinonasal and skull base lesions are rare and complex disorders. The safe and comprehensive management of this diverse group of pathologies requires the expertise of an experienced multidisciplinary skull base team. With significant evolution and improved outcomes achieved in adult endoscopic skull base surgery (ESBS), similar principles have been applied to the pediatric population. Pediatric endoscopic surgery for sinonasal and skull base tumors has therefore also evolved due to a variety of technologic and surgical advances, multidisciplinary team approaches, and continued innovation. Pediatric sinonasal and skull base tumors require complex multidisciplinary management for optimal outcome. Detailed understanding of the sinonasal anatomy will improve surgical outcomes. The surgical approaches and techniques are dependent on the location of the lesion, the pathology, extent of disease, and surgical goals. Reconstruction following tumor extirpation follows the same principles as adult reconstruction, with the ultimate goal of achieving a watertight seal that separates the nasal cavity from the brain. Complications can be catastrophic and rely on immediate recognition and management to prevent long-term sequelae.
A Rare Case of Persistent Unilateral Gestational Gigantomastia.

A 34-year-old para 2 + 0 Indonesian woman presented with persistent right-sided gestational gigantomastia some 24 months following delivery. This was severely debilitating her activities of daily living, including caring for her children. On examination, she was found to have extreme hypertrophy of her right breast, which was nodular throughout on palpation. Biochemical investigations were unremarkable and revealed no obvious etiology. Magnetic resonance imaging identified grossly enlarged right breast tissue with prominent vessels. Given the minimal involution of her breast over the 24 months postpartum, she elected for a breast reduction with free nipple grafting following appropriate counseling. This was performed through excision of breast parenchyma preserving superior-medial tissue, followed by a free nipple graft.
5.15 – Antigen Processing and Presentation*

The development of an effective adaptive immune response depends on the ability of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to display processed peptide epitopes in the context of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules to T cells. The MHC class I and class II processing pathways are distinct, using different cellular compartments and accessory molecules. This chapter provides an understanding of the molecular assembly of the MHC class I and class II/peptide complexes and highlights recent advances in the field.
Spousal support underlying self-determined physical activity in adults with multiple sclerosis.

Identifying motivational factors that facilitate physical activity engagement in adults with multiple sclerosis (MS) is important given beneficial health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to ...
Surgical Techniques: Operative Decompression Using the Transaxillary Approach for Venous Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

The transaxillary approach for first rib resection in venous thoracic outlet syndrome (VTOS) is a well-established approach. It allows deconstruction of the costoclavicular triangle, and is very effective in decompressing the subclavian vein. This by itself is often sufficient for resolution of VTOS symptoms. Our approach is to proceed with routine post-operative venography to assess the condition of the subclavian vein following decompression in all patients. In those patients with significant residual stenosis or occlusion, we follow on with endovascular techniques for venous recanalization and angioplasty.
Automatically Cataloging Scholarly Articles using Library of Congress Subject Headings.

Institutes are required to catalog their articles with proper subject headings so that the users can easily retrieve relevant articles from the institutional repositories. However, due to the rate of proliferation of the number of articles in these repositories, it is becoming a challenge to manually catalog the newly added articles at the same pace. To address this challenge, we explore the feasibility of automatically annotating articles with Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH). We first use web scraping to extract keywords for a collection of articles from the Repository Analytics and Metrics Portal (RAMP). Then, we map these keywords to LCSH names for developing a gold-standard dataset. As a case study, using the subset of Biology-related LCSH concepts, we develop predictive models by formulating this task as a multi-label classification problem. Our experimental results demonstrate the viability of this approach for predicting LCSH for scholarly articles.
The Ethical Climate Questionnaire: An Assessment of its Development and Validity:

The Ethical Climate Questionnaire measures the ethical climates at individual and organizational levels of analysis. With 1,167 individuals tested across three surveys the results at the individual level have suggested strong support for the validity and reliability of the questionnaire However, given the limited number of organizations (n = 12) surveyed, the presence of organizational-level ethical climates remains contestable. This paper reports on the development of the Ethical Climate Questionnaire, includes the results of the latest survey, and contrasts these results with previous findings.
МЕТОД КОЛИЧЕСТВЕННОЙ ОЦЕНКИ СЛУХОВОГО ВОСПРИЯТИЯ НЕЛИНЕЙНЫХ ИСКАЖЕНИЙ. ЧАСТЬ 2. ВЫБОР МЕРЫ ТОНАЛЬНОСТИ СИГНАЛА И УЧЕТ ЕЕ ВЛИЯНИЯ НА СУБЪЕКТИВНОЕ ВОСПРИЯТИЕ ИСКАЖЕНИЙ

In the work presented the topic of taking into account the spectral characteristics of the test signal when evaluating the subjective perception of nonlinear distortions is disclosed. The most significant characteristic - tonality is chosen and a quantitative measure of this characteristic is proposed - the tonality
This Automation Age

(1957). This Automation Age. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 28, No. 9, pp. 7-20.
Designing high performance enterprise Wi-Fi networks

Use of mobile computing devices such as laptops, PDAs, and Wi-Fi enabled phones is increasing in the workplace. As the usage of corporate 802.11 wireless networks (WLANs) grows, network performance is becoming a significant concern. We have built DenseAP, a novel system for improving the performance of enterprise WLANs using a dense deployment of access points (APs). In sharp contrast with wired networks, one cannot increase the capacity of a WLAN by simply deploying more equipment (APs). To increase capacity, the APs must be assigned appropriate channels and the clients must make intelligent decisions about which AP to associate with. Furthermore, the decisions about channel assignment, and associations must be based on a global view of the entire WLAN, rather than the local viewpoint of an individual client or AP. Given the diversity of Wi-Fi devices in use today, another constraint on the design of DenseAP is that it must not require any modification to Wi-Fi clients. In this paper, we show how the DenseAP system addresses these challenges, and provides significant improvements in performance over existing WLANs.
Corporate Governance In Russia

Abstract This article analyzes Russia’s emerging corporate governance system taking into account both foreign and domestic influences. It discusses influences on Russia’s corporate governance from other countries, particularly the US, Germany, and France. Aspects of Russian culture and traditions are then examined to see how they might influence the country’s evolving corporate governance system. Although Russia will continue to be influenced by international standards and systems of other countries, the article concludes that Russian corporate governance will evolve into its own unique model reflecting the country’s traditions, values, and culture. Implications for Western investors are discussed.
Characterization of the ribosome-dependent guanosine triphosphatase activity of polypeptide chain initiation factor IF 2.

Abstract 1. Polypeptide chain initiation factor IF 2 exhibits a potent ribosome-dependent GTPase activity. This activity has been characterized with regard to various biochemical parameters. The reaction requires the presence of both 30 S and 50 S ribosomal subunits. The stoichiometry of the reaction is GTP → GDP + Pi. The reaction requires Mg++ and is highly stimulated by NH4+ or K+. Besides GTP, dGTP is also active in the reaction while other nucleoside triphosphates are inactive. K8 for GTP is 7.7 x 10-6 m; GDP is a potent competitive inhibitor with a Ki of 2.0 x 10-6 m. No exchange between GTP and either GDP or Pi can be detected. 2. The GTPase activity of IF 2 is distinct from that of either of the peptide chain elongation factors, T and G. 3. Evidence is presented that the GTPase and fMet-tRNA binding activities exhibited by IF 2 are mediated by the same protein; the GTPase and fMet-tRNA binding activities of IF 2 cochromatograph on phosphocellulose and DEAE-Sephadex and cosediment on glycerol gradient centrifugation. Furthermore, both activities display similar sensitivities to p-hydroxymercuribenzoate, to heat, and to inhibition by GDP. 4. Under conditions of fMet-tRNA binding to ribosomes to form the 70 S initiation complex, stimulation of IF 2-dependent GTP hydrolysis (coupling) can be demonstrated.
Bending the Rules: Widefield Microscopy and the Abbe Limit of Resolution

One of the most fundamental concepts of microscopy is that of resolution-the ability to clearly distinguish two objects as separate. Recent advances such as structured illumination microscopy (SIM) and point localization techniques including photoactivated localization microscopy (PALM), and stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) strive to overcome the inherent limits of resolution of the modern light microscope. These techniques, however, are not always feasible or optimal for live cell imaging. Thus, in this review, we explore three techniques for extracting high resolution data from images acquired on a widefield microscope-deconvolution, model convolution, and Gaussian fitting. Deconvolution is a powerful tool for restoring a blurred image using knowledge of the point spread function (PSF) describing the blurring of light by the microscope, although care must be taken to ensure accuracy of subsequent quantitative analysis. The process of model convolution also requires knowledge of the PSF to blur a simulated image which can then be compared to the experimentally acquired data to reach conclusions regarding its geometry and fluorophore distribution. Gaussian fitting is the basis for point localization microscopy, and can also be applied to tracking spot motion over time or measuring spot shape and size. All together, these three methods serve as powerful tools for high-resolution imaging using widefield microscopy.
A frequency domain design technique for multivariable control systems

The authors propose a frequency-domain technique for the design of multivariable control systems by matching the frequency responses of the compensated closed-loop system and a 'desired' closed-loop system. It is a generalization of the single-input single-output technique. The unknown controller parameters are determined by minimizing a weighted mean-square error between the frequency responses of the compensated closed-loop system and the desired closed-loop system, which leads to solving linear algebraic equations involving the controller parameters. The technique is illustrated by a numerical example. >
The National Resource Library for Youth with Disabilities

Abstract The University of Minnesota Program in Adolescent Health, in collaboration with the Society for Adolescent Medicine, has established a National Center for Youth with Disabilities. The National Center is developing an on-line National Resource Library for information related to this topic. The Library presently consists of three separate data files: journal articles, books, reports, and other bibliographic materials; model programs and projects; and a technical assistance network with referrals to experts in relevant fields. Two additional files, federal and state legislation and case law, and education and training materials, will be added in early 1988. The innovative design of this Library, including the user interface that permits it to be used by the general public, is described, and the maintenance of and modes of access to this resource are detailed. It is projected that over the first year of operation, use will grow to approximately 200 searches per month, from public and private institutions, groups and individuals, health care professionals, government officials, and parent and client groups.
Chapter 11 Imagery, Creativity, and Discovery: Conclusions and Implications

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses that a cognitive perspective can inform research and yield insights into the relations among imagery, creativity, and discovery. The main goal of this chapter is to explore the role of imagery in creativity and discovery, and to determine whether the introspective reports of imagery's use in creative problem solving are epiphenomena1 or cognitively valid. Finke proposed the “Geneplore” model, a general view of creative discovery. In his model, Finke identifies two separate processes—generation of pre-inventive structures and pre-inventive exploration and interpretation. The inventor begins by generating a structure that may or may not correspond to any particular, useful product. The generated structure is explored for useful purposes or interpretations. The exploration may suggest the generation of a new structure, either by focusing or expanding a concept or part of the initial structure.
Recent advances on domain decomposition finite element methods

This paper gives a birds eye view of the most recent algebraic acceleration and memory reduction techniques used in the finite element domain decomposition solution of electrodynamic boundary value problems arising in radiation, scattering and signal integrity applications. The presentation will focus on techniques that reliably deliver robust computational improvements and are resilient on plethora of realistic industrial grade models. These state-of-the-art techniques will be broadly grouped and presented into three categories: iterative solution preconditioning, low-rank randomized approximations, and direct solutions. The methodologies herein are rather general and can be adopted to other variational solutions of second order partial differential equation boundary value problems.
Using electromyography to assess function in humans and animal models of muscular dystrophy.

Electrophysiologic evaluation is a critical component of the diagnosis and management of patients with myopathic disorders. These studies can help guide further diagnostic studies, including muscle biopsy and imaging, as well as help monitor rehabilitation. This article will examine the role of electrophysiologic testing in diagnosing and managing the rehabilitation of patients with myopathic disorders. It is assumed that the reader has a basic understanding of muscle anatomy, physiology, and electrophysiology.
Identity Preservation Systems for Genetically Modified Potatoes

In spite of benefits to growers, processors, consumers and the environment, genetically modified (GM) potatoes were a market failure in North America. Contributing to the failure was the lack of an identity preservation (IP) system that could have prevented unapproved GM potato products from entering export markets. We interviewed 26 industry experts to identify recommended practices for GM potato IP systems. From the list of practices we designed three IP systems. We then conducted a Delphi survey with 20 potato industry experts to estimate the likelihood of success for each system. Estimates varied over a wide range, but success rate averages were 54% for the least stringent system and 93% for the most stringent.
More simply human: on the Universality of Madness

A dimensional conceptualization of psychosis that evolved from clinical experience has been replaced in recent decades by a categorical model useful for certain kinds of research. Although both dimensional and categorical paradigms have been valuable ways of viewing “madness,” the loss of a dimensional sensibility is arguably retarding our progress in developing therapies for psychotic suffering.
"Silences Too Horrific to Disturb": Writing Sexual Histories in Edwidge Danticat's Breath, Eyes, Memory

����� �� Women’s stories of sexual abuse are often subordinated to larger political narratives of the nation-state, and this is especially true of Haiti, where the nation’s political upheavals, poverty, and refugees overwhelm the global imagination. This essay reads Edwidge Danticat’s Breath, Eyes, Memory as a fi ctional counternarrative that chronicles how empires, the postcolonial state, and the patriarchal family have abused, exposed, and compromised the sexed bodies of Caribbean women and girls. By inscribing these unoffi cial memories into the historical narrative of the Haitian nation-state, Danticat counters the systemic violence of erasure deployed by various cultural apparatuses that aim to conceal violence against women. In so doing, she makes explicit the political implications of these occurrences for women’s experiences of citizenship.
Uncovering Entry Deterrence in the Presence of Learning-by-Doing

This paper investigates a signaling entry deterrence model under learning-by-doing. We show that a monopolist’s practice of entry deterrence imposes smaller welfare losses (or larger welfare gains) when learning effects are present than when they are absent, making the intervention of antitrust authorities less urgent. If, however, the welfare loss associated to entry deterrence is still significant, and thus intervention is needed, our paper demonstrates that the incumbent’s practice of entry deterrence is easier to detect by a regulator who does not have access to accurate information about the incumbent’s profit function. Learning-by-doing hence facilitates the regulator’s ability to detect entry deterrence, thus suggesting its role as an “ally” of antitrust authorities.
Review of skull base chordomas: prognostic factors and long-term results of proton-beam radiotherapy.

Fractionated proton beam radiotherapy has been used for skull base tumors in the United States since the mid-70s, and more than 300 patients in whom diagnosis of chordoma of the skull base has been made have been treated. The ability to achieve high degrees of radiation dose conformity by using protons has resulted in higher radiation doses than can be delivered with conventional radiotherapy in the base of skull. High target volume doses have led to improved tumor control and patient survival. Side effects such as severe toxicity are acceptable considering the alternatives of uncontrolled tumor growth. The authors of various analyses have identified prognostic factors that can be used to predict a patient's chance of treatment success. On the horizon are important technical developments that will further increase dose conformity and increase target doses. In this paper the author reviews long-term outcome data and prognostic predictors for survival of patients with skull base chordomas based on the large...
Semiempirical Approach to the Theory of Thermal Diffusion in Crystals

The theory of thermal diffusion is developed by defining two isothermal systems: one at a temperature such that the jump frequency is equal to that in the direction along the temperature gradient in the nonisothermal system, and another at a temperature such that the jump frequency is equal to that in the direction against the gradient. The difference between these two defined temperatures, and the existing temperature gradient, are used to define a distance parameter ${x}_{c}$. The flux equations in a temperature gradient are then developed in a formal way using ${x}_{c}$ as an expansion parameter for interstitial impurity diffusion, substitutional impurity diffusion by a vacancy mechanism for the two extreme cases of weak binding and tight binding of the vacancy-impurity complex, and for the flux of vacancies in pure metals. ${x}_{c}$ is interpreted in such a way that it defines the region in which the maximum energy is localized in the critical configuration for a jump, and is, therefore, a measure of the spatial distribution of activation energy. The analysis is applied to existing experimental data.
WHITE ATTITUDES TOWARD RACIAL INTEGRATION AND THE URBAN RIOTS OF THE 1960'S

This section of the Quarterly is reserved for brief reports of research in progress, discussions of unsolved problems, methodological studies, and public opinion data not extensively analyzed or interpreted. Succinct case histories are welcomed, as well as hypotheses and insights that may be useful to other students of public opinion. Usually, material in this section will be shorter, more informal, and more tentative than in preceding pages of the Quarterly.