cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interferometric fiber optic accelerometer

ABSTRACT A push-pull fiber optic accelerometer using a Michelson interferometer to detect the surface strains produced on a pair of coaxial flexing disks is described. The sensitivity below the disk's fundamentalresonance of 2.45 kHz is 50 radians/g. The fractional phase change per unit force A4/AF is 5.9 x 106 W1 . A noteworthy feature of this sensor is that the 5 meter sensing coils comprising the legs of the interferometer are totally internal to the sensor structure and thus are not exposed to platform or fluid underinvestigation. 1. INTRODUCTION The advantages of fiber optics that have been demonstrated in communication systems (i.e. high data rates, light weight cabling, electromagnetic interference immunity, long repeaterless and low power transmission) have yet to be realized in practical fiber optic sensing systems. This is due largely to the factthat optical fiber alone is not particularly sensitive or selective to the fields under investigation such as acceleration, pressure, temperature, electric, and/or magnetic fields. Thus in order to exploit theadvantages of fiber optic communications in sensing systems, first a practical mechanical to opticaltransduction mechanism must be designed to improve both the sensitivity and selectivity. Second asuitable optical detection mechanism must be chosen (e.g. to detect a change in intensity, phase, orpolarization). And third, a demodulation scheme is needed to convert the optical signals into voltage
Ten-gene biomarker panel: a new hope for ovarian cancer?

The recent publication of a 10-gene biomarker panel generates new hope for the prognostication and personalization of therapy in ovarian cancer. Expression of the 10 biomarker genes (AEBP1, COL11A1, COL5A1, COL6A2, LOX, POSTN, SNAI2, THBS2, TIMP3, VCAN) in primary ovarian tumors correlates with metastasis, recurrence and poor survival. Importantly, the utility of the 10-gene panel extends beyond biomarkers since most of these genes play key roles in tumor progression and some have already been shown to be effective therapeutic targets in pre-clinical models.
Lexical learning and language abilities in preschoolers with perinatal brain damage.

Studies of children with early-acquired brain damage have noted limitations on language development following such damage and have raised questions regarding the process by which these children acquire language skills. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of perinatally acquired brain damage on early language abilities and on lexical development through the use of standard assessments, language samples, and a miniature linguistic system approach to teach a novel lexicon. Four children, ages 26–41 months, with localized, perinatal brain lesions documented on ultrasound or CT scan were selected for this study and were compared to 4 matched controls. The results show no differences in the pattern of scores and learning in children with right and left brain damage. With the exception of phonological development, subjects scored below controls on all formal language measures; however, the subjects often scored at or above test norms. Brain-injured subjects were similar to controls with respect ...
A Furuta-like inequality for spin orbifolds and the minimal genus problem

Abstract We generalize Furuta's 10/8 ths inequality involving the index of the Dirac operator on a smooth spin 4-manifold to the setting of spin orbifolds. These spin orbifolds are obtained by coning off a tubular neighborhood of an embedded sphere representing a characteristic homology class in a smooth 4-manifold. This inequality can be used to obtain minimal genus bounds for characteristic classes in the original manifold. For example, for X with positive definite intersection form of rank n⩾2, we show a smoothly embedded characteristic sphere ξ satisfies ξ·ξ⩽9n−16.
A pore water study of plutonium in a seasonally anoxic lake

Abstract Data are presented here on the distribution of 239,240Pu in the pore waters of two cores taken from a seasonally anoxic lake. The pore water 239,240Pu profile exhibits a subsurface activity maximum of 230 ± 30 μBq kg−1 in the 3–6 cm interval in June, as compared to an activity of 5 ± 3 μBq kg−1 in the overlying water. The pore water 239,240Pu profile in June follows the solid phase distribution pattern of 239,240Pu and also the pore water distributions of Fe and Mn. Under more reducing conditions in August, pore water 239,240Pu activities drop off to undetectable levels at all depths. This rapid change in the pore water 239,240Pu activity reflects the dynamic nature of Pu diagenesis in these sediments. Potential diffusional fluxes of 239,240Pu into the lake's hypolimnion in June are calculated to be on the order of 2·5 μBq cm−2y−1. This flux would not be significant in altering the solid phase 239,240Pu inventory (2·8 × 104 μBq cm−2).
Interorganizational Familiness: How Family Firms Use Interlocking Directorates to Build Community‐Level Social Capital

We draw on the concept of community–level social capital and apply it to the situation of a family–controlled public corporation. While traditional agency theory argues that agency costs are minimi...
The Use of Fluorescein Diacetate and Ethidium Bromide as a Stain for Evaluating Viability of Mycobacteria

A method for evaluating the viability of mycobacterial cultures using fluorescein diacetate and ethidium bromide is described. Smears from 2-4 week old cultures of mycobacteria were stained with a ...
Total Structure and Electronic Properties of the Gold Nanocrystal Au36(SR)24

A golden opportunity: the total structure of a Au(36)(SR)(24) nanocluster reveals an unexpected face-centered-cubic tetrahedral Au(28) kernel (magenta). The protecting layer exhibits an intriguing combination of binding modes, consisting of four regular arch-like staples and the unprecedented appearance of twelve bridging thiolates (yellow). This unique protecting network and superatom electronic shell structure confer extreme stability and robustness.
Integrated cantilever fabrication and system development for ultrasonic and acoustic scanning probe microscopy

Although the conventional optical lever technology typically used for scanning probe microscope applications has proven highly sensitive, accurate, and cost effective for most applications involving micromachined cantilever deflection measurements, frequency limitations and space needs limit its applicability to emerging ultrasonic-based SPM applications. Recently, the fabrication of cantilevers integrated with actuation and sensing components has opened avenues for feedback-based driving of micromachined cantilevers at higher-order resonance frequencies while sensing average deflection without the need for an optical deflection pathway for average deflection sensing. The work presented here will review recent efforts by our group in fabricating micromachined cantilevers with integrated piezoresistive deflection-sensing components combined with integrated ZnO actuation layers to induce cantilever deflection. These cantilevers are being fabricated for use in a heterodyne force microscopy system (HFM) to enable SPM imaging contrast based on viscoelastic response of a surface in contact with a micromachined tip wherein active-feedback technology is being applied to maintain ultrasonic tip excitation at higher order cantilever resonances. The first and second-pass fabrication results will be presented and reviewed regarding cantilever release and ZnO actuator (and electrode) fabrication. Dynamic response data from these structures, measured via laser Doppler vibrometery reveal the expected resonance structure for a cantilever of these dimensions.
Emerging Utility of a Dual-use 22-gauge (Cook EchoTip ProCore HD) Needle for Endoscopic Ultrasound-guided Cytologic and Histologic Sampling of Solid Pancreatic Lesions

Total 89 55 (62%) 34 (38%) Mutations 50 (56%) 34 (38%) 16 (18%) KRAS mutation 30 (33%) 18 (20%) 12 (13%) EGFR mutation 17 (19%) 13 (15%) 4 (4%) ALK 3 (3%) 3 (3%) 0 Insufficient 5 (5%) 4 (4%) 1 (1%) <1 cm 15 5 (33%) 10 (67%) Mutations 8 (53%) 2 (13%) 6 (40%) KRAS mutation 8 (53%) 2 (13%) 6 (40%) EGFR mutation 0 0 0 ALK mutation 0 0 0 Insufficient 2 (13%) 2 (13%) 0 1-2 cm 19 13 (68%) 6 (32%) Mutations 10 (53%) 7 (37%) 3 (16%) KRAS mutation 5 (26%) 3 (16%) 2 (10%) EGFR mutation 4 (21%) 3 (15%) 1 (6%) ALK mutation 1 (6%) 1 (6%) 0 Insufficient 0 0 0 2+ cm 55 37 (67%) 18 (33%) Mutations 32 (58%) 25 (45%) 7 (13%) KRAS mutation 17 (31%) 13 (23%) 4 (7%) EGFR mutation 13 (23%) 10 (18%) 3 (6%) ALK mutation 2 (14%) 2 (14%) 0 insufficient 3 (5%) 2 (3.7%) 1 (1.8%) S6 Abstracts
The effects of acute doxorubicin treatment on proteome lysine acetylation status and apical caspases in skeletal muscle of fasted animals

Background Doxorubicin treatment is known to cause muscular weakness. However, the cellular mechanisms have not been elucidated. We aimed to determine the effects of acute doxorubicin treatment on proteome lysine acetylation status, an indication of the apoptotic and inflammatory environment, and the expression and activation of various apical caspases involved in the initiation of apoptosis.
Bioethics and why I hope to live beyond age 75 attaining wisdom!: A rebuttal to Dr. Ezekiel Emanuel's 75 age limit.

American bioethicists have been providing persuasive arguments for rationing medical care via the theory of the necessary “rational allocation of finite health care resources.” Anticipating the need for the drastic rationing of medical care in the U.S. with the implementation of ObamaCare and assisted by various sectors of organized medicine in league with the State, bioethicists have deduced that more ingenious approaches are necessary to convince Americans who have been accustomed to receiving the best medical care that third-party payers are willing to pay for. It is in this context that the individual-based, patient-oriented ethics of Hippocrates, including his fundamental dictum, “First Do No Harm,” have to be supplanted by the utilitarian approach promoted by the bioethicists. And today's foremost proponent of the bioethics movement is Dr. Ezekiel Emanuel. This editorial proposes a rational rebuttal to Dr. Emanuel's proposal to limit life expectancy to age 75 as a rational paradigm to a better life.
An electronic vibration meter

A completely portable electronic instrument which appears to have wide application in the field of vibration measurements has been developed. The circuit is such that a meter responds to the maximum amplitude of a transient or continuous voltage input. The indication is held for an indefinite time. Used in conjunction with a commercial vibration pickup, this instrument provides a simple and convenient means of measuring accelerations in structures and of referring them to a standard index of damage.
Adaptable delay balanced switched photonic control modules for antenna arrays

A binary photonic delay line (PDL) module is proposed that gives balanced or equal gain/loss switched states. The module is based on a reflective and symmetric geometry and is adjustable to a wide range of time delays. Theoretical analysis as well as experimental demonstration of the proposed PDL architecture is performed. Issues such as electrical signal-to-noise ratio and relative output signal power between the two PDL settings are discussed.
Approaches to Managing Autoimmune Cytopenias in Novel Immunological Disorders with Genetic Underpinnings Like Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome

Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) is a rare disorder of apoptosis. It is frequently caused by mutations in FAS (TNFRSF6) gene. Unlike most of the self-limiting autoimmune cytopenias sporadically seen in childhood, multi lineage cytopenias due to ALPS are often refractory, as their inherited genetic defect is not going to go away. Historically, more ALPS patients have died due to overwhelming sepsis following splenectomy to manage their chronic cytopenias than due to any other cause, including malignancies. Hence, current recommendations underscore the importance of avoiding splenectomy in ALPS, by long-term use of corticosteroid-sparing immunosuppressive agents like mycophenolate mofetil and sirolimus. Paradigms learnt from managing ALPS patients in recent years is highlighted here and can be extrapolated to manage refractory cytopenias in patients with as yet undetermined genetic bases for their ailments. It is also desirable to develop international registries for children with rare and complex immune problems associated with chronic multilineage cytopenias in order to elucidate their natural history and long-term comorbidities due to the disease and its treatments.
A discussion of the differences in volunteering rates in the panel study of income dynamics, the current population survey, and independent sector volunteering studies

In this research note, I seek to explain differences in volunteering rates in three major volunteering studies—the Panel Study of Income Dynamics Philanthropy Module (known as the COPPS data), the Current Population Survey's volunteering supplement (CPS), and the Independent Sector's (IS) study, Giving and Volunteering in the United States. I compare each study in terms of survey methodology and volunteering questionnaire content. Then I discuss reasons for differences in the volunteering rates of these surveys based on methodology and questionnaire content.
An Experimentalist's View of the H - Ion

We present a short survey of selected experimental studies of the negative ion of hydrogen over the past twenty-three years at the 800 MeV linear accelerator at Los Alamos. Experimental techniques are described and heuristic models are used to explain and motivate experimental results. We discuss the first observations of the 1P resonances just below n = 2, the so-called “Feshbach” and “shape” resonances, seen in photodetachment. As one experimental question is answered, another question becomes exposed, for example, the effects of electric fields on the spectroscopy of the ion. Techniques used to convert the H− ion into a dual-beam interferometer moving near the speed of light are described. Experimental data taken near thresh old in an electric field are displayed on a universal plot. Multiphoton detachment extends the spectroscopy of the ion to singlet states that would be unreachable by single photodetachment processes. A thin foil also is used to probe the ion structure. Using ion beams in the 35 kV range, 2-photon measurements of an isotope shift between Hand D− reveal two-electron correlation consequences. Finally we ad dress the question, “Why has the shape resonance not been seen in astrophysical observations?
Coordinating assembly of a bacterial macromolecular machine

The assembly of large and complex organelles, such as the bacterial flagellum, poses the formidable problem of coupling temporal gene expression to specific stages of the organelle-assembly process. The discovery that levels of the bacterial flagellar regulatory protein FlgM are controlled by its secretion from the cell in response to the completion of an intermediate flagellar structure (the hook-basal body) was only the first of several discoveries of unique mechanisms that coordinate flagellar gene expression with assembly. In this Review, we discuss this mechanism, together with others that also coordinate gene regulation and flagellar assembly in Gram-negative bacteria.
Cryptococcus neoformans– Induced Macrophage Lysosome Damage Crucially Contributes to Fungal Virulence

Upon ingestion by macrophages, Cryptococcus neoformans can survive and replicate intracellularly unless the macrophages become classically activated. The mechanism enabling intracellular replication is not fully understood; neither are the mechanisms that allow classical activation to counteract replication. C. neoformans-induced lysosome damage was observed in infected murine bone marrow-derived macrophages, increased with time, and required yeast viability. To demonstrate lysosome damage in the infected host, we developed a novel flow cytometric method for measuring lysosome damage. Increased lysosome damage was found in C. neoformans-containing lung cells compared with C. neoformans-free cells. Among C. neoformans-containing myeloid cells, recently recruited cells displayed lower damage than resident cells, consistent with the protective role of recruited macrophages. The magnitude of lysosome damage correlated with increased C. neoformans replication. Experimental induction of lysosome damage increased C. neoformans replication. Activation of macrophages with IFN-γ abolished macrophage lysosome damage and enabled increased killing of C. neoformans. We conclude that induction of lysosome damage is an important C. neoformans survival strategy and that classical activation of host macrophages counters replication by preventing damage. Thus, therapeutic strategies that decrease lysosomal damage, or increase resistance to such damage, could be valuable in treating cryptococcal infections.
Characterization of the Angular Orientation Distribution of Discotic Molecules in Thin-Film Assemblies: Combinations of Polarized Transmission and Reflection−Absorption Infrared Spectroscopies

We present a protocol to determine the angular orientation of surface-confined discotic molecules in ordered thin-film assemblies through a combination of polarized reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) and polarized transmission infrared (IR) spectroscopy. We focus here on the determination of the orientation of side-chain-modified disk-like phthalocyanine molecules that self-organize to form parallel columnar aggregates in Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films. This work complements and follows on work published previously (Langmuir 2005, 21, 360-368) where we used the visible absorbance dichroism in similar assemblies to determine the tilt angles of discotic molecules. The approach described here is applicable to all disk-like molecules that possess distinct in-plane or out-of-plane IR transitions. Molecular orientation is determined by comparison of absorbance intensities that are measured using (i) a RAIRS spectrum of the thin-film material on a gold surface, (ii) transmission spectra taken at two different polarizations of the thin-film material on an IR-transparent silicon substrate, and ( iii) a transmission IR spectrum of an isotropic sample. We chose two distinct IR transitions of this molecule (a C-O-C “in-plane” stretch, OC-O-C ,a nd aC -H out-of-plane bend, ‰C-H), which we initially assume are orthogonal to each other. The OC-O-C transition is modeled as an inplane circular dipole, and the ‰C-H transition is modeled as a linear out-of-plane dipole. Formalisms are described that allow the determination of two independent values for order parameters within the thin film using the dichroism in these transitions in all three IR spectra, assuming that the microstructure of these thin films is the same on both the gold and silicon substrates. The spectra from the ‰C-H transition appear to best describe the orientation of these molecules within the molecular assembly, these IR results agreeing best with earlier visible absorbance and X-ray diffraction studies. The preferential alignment of the ‰C-H transition is parallel to the substrate, arising from Pc molecules that are nearly upright, edge-on to the substrate plane. The approach described here provides a means of complete description of the tilt angles of the monomer building blocks in any discotic assembly in thin-film formats, where distinct in-plane and out-of-plane optical transitions are available.
Fuzzy ARTMAP based forecast of renewable generation for a high frequency AC microgrid

A single phase high frequency AC (HFAC) microgrid is a novel solution towards integration of renewable energy sources in a distributed generation system. Power flow and power quality issues in the HFAC microgrid are controlled by the active filtering solutions called universal active power line conditioner (UPLC) and unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) respectively. After power quality and power flow issues are resolved, a next important task is optimization of operating costs of the HFAC microgrid. Optimization greatly depends on the power generation and the power output from renewable sources strongly depends on the weather. Therefore, the forecast of power generation is required for implementing a distributed intelligent energy management system (DIEMS). A fuzzy ARTMAP neural network is used to predict hourly day-type outputs based on which generation can be forecasted. The results obtained shows the successful implementation of HFAC microgrid with adequate power flow and power quality control as well as the promising future scope of an intelligent energy management system with fuzzy ARTMAP based day-type forecasting
EXACT SOLUTION OF THE PAIRING PROBLEM IN THE LST SCHEME.

Abstract Exact solutions for the pairing interaction problem in the LST scheme are formulated in terms of the matrix elements of pair creation and annihilation operators for pairs coupled to zero orbital angular momentum. General expressions are given for these matrix elements for states with seniority ν = 0 and 1. This makes it possible to study an orbital pairing interaction with different spin singlet and triplet strengths acting in mixed configurations of several single-particle levels. The mathematical formulation of the problem is based on the eight-dimensional quasispin group which is broken down according to the decomposition O(8) ⊃ O(6) ⊃ [O(3)×O(3)], where O(6) corresponds to the usual Wigner supermultiplet symmetry group. A sample calculation for a simple two-level configuration, and states with ν1 = ν2 = 0, nucleon numbers of 4, 6, 8, 10, shows (i) that the pairing interaction is very effective compared with the single-particle excitations, and (ii) that it tends to make more stable those states built from the largest possible number of α-like grouping of 4 particles.
A Topical History of JMR

Using subject indexes and text mining of author abstracts, the authors track the evolution of content in Journal of Marketing Research since its inception 50 years ago. These data reveal that the journal has expanded beyond its initial emphasis on marketing research methods and advertising to increase its coverage of other substantive topics and consumer behavior. Moreover, a joint space of topics and editors reveals that editorial orientations appear largely evolutionary rather than revolutionary and that a major shift in journal coverage occurs at the time Marketing Science began publication. The authors conclude their analysis with several policy recommendations.
Building and Running General Equilibrium Models in EViews

A crucial step in policy analysis involves computing consequences of policy actions. The author shows how to implement numerically a general equilibrium model in EViews. Computable general equilibrium models are now commonly used in both industrial and developing countries to assess the impact of external shocks or economic policies on the structure of the economy or the distribution of welfare. The current version of EViews offers a set of tools for building and solving simulation models in general. The same tools make it possible to conduct policy analysis within a general equilibrium framework. Based on the generalized Salter-Swan framework and macroeconomic data for Indonesia, the author shows how to process a social accounting matrix, specify and calibrate the model, and run simulations. The results replicate welfare and structural effects of shocks and policies consistent with the underlying conceptual framework. They also reveal the key role played by structural parameters, such as the elasticity of export transformation and that of import substitution, in determining the extent of structural adjustment to shocks and the relevance of the policy response.
From the Editor in Chief: Middleware's Shrinking Middle

The rise of SOA and PGAS doesn't quite spell the end of Corba, RMI, and other classic distributed-object systems, but it does increasingly restrict their ranges of use. These technologies surely still play major roles in enterprise-integration systems and heterogeneous intranet applications and niches such as real-time Corba, as well as the countless existing deployments that remain with us for years. They might even reemerge as the approach of choice in future grid computing frameworks that must sometimes straddle administrative domains. But the idea that one approach to object-oriented middleware could serve all needs seems to be one whose time has come and gone
Is routine prophylactic cervical cerclage associated with significant prolongation of triplet gestation

Objective. The purpose of this study was to determine if routine prophylactic cervical cerclage was associated with a significant prolongation of triplet pregnancy.Study design. A retrospective study of all women carrying triplet pregnancies at a single institution during a four-year period was carried out. Selected maternal characteristics and obstetric outcome measures in women who received prophylactic cerclage (PC) were compared to women who did not receive PC (no cerclage placed and emergency cerclage). Statistical comparison was done using the Mann–Whitney test for continuous variables and Fisher's exact test for categorical variables.Results. Fifty-five women had PC and 40 had no PC. There was no significant difference between these two groups in mean maternal age or weight, nulliparity, history of or current sexually transmitted disease, cigarette smoking, history of cervical insufficiency, prior dilation and curettage, prior cervical surgery, prior preterm labor/prolonged preterm rupture of membr...
Segmentation and Classification of Cervix Lesions by Pattern and Texture Analysis

This work aims at automated segmentation of major lesions observed in early stages of cervical cancer which is the second most common cancer among women worldwide. The purpose of segmentation is to automatically determine the location for a biopsy to be taken for diagnosis, a process that is currently done manually. The acetowhite region, a major indicator of abnormality in the cervix image, is first segmented by using a nonconvex optimization approach. Within the acetowhite region, other abnormal features such as the mosaic patterns are then automatically classified from nonmosaic regions by texture analysis. The abnormal features are obtained from skeletonized vascular structures uniquely representing typical vascularity embedded in the normal and abnormal regions extracted by a series of mathematical morphological operations. From the extracted vascular structure a texture feature is identified which clearly distinguishes between the normal and abnormal regions and is used for automated segmentation of the mosaic patterns using fuzzy c-means. Analysis and interpretation of cervix images are important in early detection of cervical lesions. Automated image analysis provides quantitative description of lesions thus less subjective variability in monitoring of chronic lesions so that cervical cancer can be treated effectively at its onset
Circle packing coordinates for the moduli space of tori

We develop a set of natural coordinates (α, β) on the moduli space of Euclidean tori using the combinatorial structure of circle packings. Surfaces with rational coordinates support Brooks packings, while surfaces with rational α and irrational β coordinates support generalized Brooks packings with periodic singularities.
Generation and detection of acoustic streaming to differentiate between solid and cystic breast lesions

Results from both a pilot clinical study and phantom studies performed to evaluate a new ultrasonic technique to distinguish cysts from solid lesions are presented. High intensity pulses are used to induce acoustic streaming in cyst fluid, and this motion is detected using existing flow detection techniques. Since acoustic streaming cannot be generated in solid lesions, its detection would indicate a cyst. In six of seven breast cysts streaming was generated and detected in vivo. In phantom studies, a direct relationship between streaming velocity and cyst size and an indirect relationship between streaming velocity and cyst fluid viscosity were demonstrated
Paralarval octopods of the Florida Current

Taxonomic and ecological aspects of paralarval octopods from the Florida Current (Gulf Stream) waters off Fort Pierce, Florida are reported. Nine external morphological features were analysed in each specimen, including chromatophore patterns and meristic characters. The relative abundance of each species present in the collections made at standard stations [2–26 nautical miles (nmi) offshore at 2-nmi intervals; 1 nmi = 1.8520 km] was determined in relation to seasonal occurrence, depth of capture, distance offshore and time of day/night. The most common species in the samples was Octopus “vulgaris”, followed by Amphioctopus burryi and Macrotritopus defilippi (two morphs). Two forms could not be verified to species, but they most closely resemble Scaeurgus unicirrhus and “Octopus” joubini. The seasonal distribution of the most commonly captured species showed peak relative abundance in the summer months. Paralarval octopods were captured most frequently in the standard stations between 18 and 22 nmi (29.6...
Serotonergic modulation of afterhyperpolarization in a neuron that contributes to learning in the leech.

Modulation of afterhyperpolarization (AHP) represents an important mechanism by which excitability of a neuron can be regulated. In the leech brain, sensitization enhances excitability of the S-cel...
A 1.21V, 100mA, 0.1µF–10µF output capacitor low drop-out voltage regulator for SoC applications

A 1.21V output, 100mA, 0.1µF–10µF output capacitor, ESR-independent, low voltage, low drop-out voltage regulator for portable power applications is designed and fabricated in a 0.5µm CMOS process with an area of 0.22 mm2. The use of a wide-range output capacitor LDO enables reduced target system PCB size and Bill of Materials (BOM). A 0.05%/V line regulation, 0.001%/mA load regulation with 220mV drop-out is measured. LDO-specific pole-zero and optimal stability analyses are detailed.
Hazard potentials and dependent network failures

This paper endeavors to explain the nature of dependence in network failure. The introduction of a new notion in the mathematical theory of reliability, which we term the 'hazard potential', provides us with a vehicle for generating parsimonious models for dependent failures.
Provider Fatalism Reduces the Likelihood of HIV-Prevention Counseling in Primary Care Settings

We examined the relationship between provider fatalism, a belief that behavior change among HIV-infected patients is unlikely, and HIV-prevention counseling in 16 publicly funded clinics. HIV-seropositive patients (N = 618) completed surveys assessing prevention counseling in the past 6 months. Additionally, 144 interviews were conducted with providers, administrators, and patients to examine beliefs about prevention counseling. We summed the number of fatalistic comments made by providers and administrators in each clinic, and assigned these counts as clinic-level fatalism scores to survey participants. Patients in high fatalism clinics were less likely to report prevention counseling than patients in low fatalism clinics. This difference remained significant even after controlling for clinic characteristics or patients' sexual risk and health status. However, clients in high fatalism clinics were more likely to be White, gay, educated, and older. Provider fatalism is a barrier that must be addressed when implementing HIV-prevention counseling in primary care settings.
Testing the language proficiency of bilingual teachers: Arizona's Spanish proficiency test

Currently in the USA, a total of 28 states offer bilingual teacher certification and/or endorsement. Of these states, 17 require that the prospective teachers dem onstrate proficiency in their seco...
Acid-catalyzed rearrangement of methyl (2aα,4aβ,6aβ,7bβ)-2,2a,5,6,6a,7b-hexahydro-2a-hydroxy-4-methoxycyclobut[3,4] indeno[4,5-b]oxete-4a(7H)-carboxylate

Abstract Acid-catalyzed rearrangement of 3 gives isomeric β-methoxyketone 9a , presumably via the intermediate bridgehead enone 8 .
Abstract user interface representations: how well do they support universal access?

This paper examines four XML languages for abstract user interface representation: UIML, XIML, XForms and AIAP. It discusses whether the high level architectures of these languages support the requirements of universal usability by allowing use of personal interfaces. Specific technical requirements include separation of data from presentation, explicit declarative representation of interface elements, their state, dependencies, and semantics, flexibility in inclusion of alternative resources and support for remote control and different interaction styles. Of the languages examined, XForms and AIAP provide the best match to the requirements. While XForms requires an appropriate delivery context to provide full access, the AIAP standard will include specification of the context in which the language is to be used.
Bridges to cross, burn and mend: cells of renin lineage as podocyte progenitors

as researchers and physicians, we wish to unlock the secret key to regenerate our organs and heal all disease. This seems an almost impossible task if it comes to the kidney glomerulus because its constituents are highly specialized cells that communicate in a complicated fashion. The study by
Transepithelial Oxalate Transport in Cultured Renal Cells

We have previously described the uptake of oxalate in continuous cell culture monolayers of the kidney epithelial cell line LLCPK. We now report the transepithelial transport of oxalate in the apical to basolateral direction.
Experienced Hands

Social networking has neither altered the way that technical knowledge is presented nor has it dislodged computer science from its central place in the technical canon.
The Pólya-Escher Connection

Poilva: The single word is written in Escher's hand on the cover of the small school-notebook. The second of 17 numbered workbooks filled with sketches and investigations on regular plane division by Escher, this one was singled out by the artist for future reference. Mathematicians have admired and used the work of the Dutch graphic artist M. C. Escher (1898-1972) ever since his work became widely known to the mathematical community. Many encountered his work for the first time when an exhibition was held at the Stedelijk Museum in Amsterdam in conjunction with the 1954 International Congress of Mathematicians. There is no doubt that some of his work after that time was directly the result of fruitful interchanges with mathematicians. (H. S. M. Coxeter, Roger Penrose, and Caroline MacGillavry are among those whose ideas were appropriated by Escher with spectacular results.) Long before these contacts, however, Escher had benefitted from interaction with the work of other mathematicians-most notably, Polya. In 1922, Escher visited the Alhambra in Granada, Spain, for the first time. He wrote
Use of carbenicillin in patients with cystic fibrosis.

crine glands. Ninety percent of the mortality associated with CF results from pulmonary involvement that is characterized by obstruction of airways with mucus secretions. This obstruction is soon complicated by infection principally by Staphylococccus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa [2], a situation leading to further obstruction. This vicious cycle impairs the normal cleaning mechanisms of the lung and leads to progressive pulmonary damage, which becomes irreversible. In such cases, Pseudomonas usually emerges as the major pathogen. Until recently the newer antimicrobial agents, while useful against Staphylococcus, have not been useful against Pseudomonas. The use of antimicrobial agents effective against Pseudomonas has been limited by their renal toxicity. Polymyxin B and colistin have not been satisfactory therapeutic agents against pulmonary infections due to Pseudomonas in patients with CF. Gentamicin appears to be more promising;1 however, it still has the problem of renal toxicity.
Emerging role of crystallin proteins in retinal neurodegenerative diseases

T specific goal of this project is to better characterize the specific and respective roles of αA-and αB-crystallin, the two members of the α-crystallin sub-family in the retina and how diabetes but also retinal traumas affect them. Alpha-crystallins are important, conserved, intrinsic stress response proteins in the retina. We previously demonstrated that they are upregulated in diabetic conditions and that their biochemical properties are affected by diabetes, however their exact implication and role in retinal function and how it is affected by retinal diseases or pathological conditions remained to be clarified. Specific biochemical and cellular properties of α-crystallins in the retina were analyzed in animal models as well as human patient samples. In addition α-crystallins knockout mice were used to dissect the respective functions of α-crystallins in the retina in control and pathological conditions. Retinal function was analyzed using non-invasive methods such as optical coherence tomography and electroretinographic recordings whereas specific retinal cell survival was analyzed using cell-death assay and immunohistochemistry. This work clearly demonstrates the independent and specific respective roles of αA-and αB-crystallin in the retina in the context of chronic disease conditions such as diabetes or more acute conditions including retinal trauma. αA-and αB-crystallin proteins clearly display a different localization in the retina as well as different impact on retinal function in neurodegenerative conditions. This study demonstrates how understanding retinal intrinsic protective mechanisms could be critical in order to prevent loss of vision in patients with both acute and chronic retinal conditions but might require different strategies.
Numerical Implementation of a Normal Derivative Integral Equation in Acoustics

A regularized normal derivative integral equation, originally derived by Maue, is implemented in an isoparametric element environment. A linear combination of this normal derivative integral equation and the conventional Helmholtz integral equation is used to insure a unique solution for all frequencies. The regularized normal derivative integral equation used here converges in the Cauchy principal value sense rather than only in the finite-part sense. The Cauchy principal value integral can be further transformed into an integral that converges in the normal sense. This regularized normal derivative equation may also be applied to the solution for acoustic radiation and scattering from thin structures.
Urinary ligandin and glutathione-S-transferase in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in the rat.

1. Eight rats developed detectable glutathione- S -transferase activity in their urine after three daily injections of toxic doses of gentamicin. 2. Seven of the eight rats had immunodetectable ligandin in their urine at this time. 3. The level of enzyme activity correlated well with the degree of elevation of serum creatinine. 4. This confirms ligandinuria and urinary glutathione- S -transferase as markers of acute renal proximal tubular injury.
Does Ethnicity Trump Party? Competing Vote Cues and Latino Voting Behavior

Abstract It is well known that voters prefer candidates of their own race or ethnicity, but in general this preference does not have to compete with partisanship. In other words, most voters are given consistent voting cues from both race or ethnicity and partisanship. But in rare cases the partisanship of minority candidates is out of sync with those of most voters of their shared race or ethnicity, e.g., a Republican Mexican-American or a Democratic Cuban-American. In such instances, will Latino voters choose to support their co-ethnic? Or will they instead vote for the candidate of their political party? This paper examines the attitudes and behaviors of Latino voters faced with such a choice in a recent Central California Congressional election. In this instance, partisan group identification cues predominated over ethnic group identification cues, and most Latinos chose to support the Democratic Anglo candidate.
Surgical treatment of necrotizing pancreatitis by marsupialization

The ideal surgical treatment for necrotizing pancreatitis remains a matter of debate. To provide adequate drainage and egress for large fragments of devitalized pancreas as well as access for interval debridement, three patients with significant pancreatic necrosis underwent debridement of devitalized pancreas and open packing (marsupialization) of the lesser space. The etiologies of pancreatic necrosis included trauma in one patient, an infected pancreatic pseudocyst in another patient, and acute alcoholic pancreatitis in the third patient. After the initial operative procedure, patients were returned to the operating room at intervals of 2 to 5 days for further debridement and dressing changes. Clinical improvement was observed almost immediately after the initial procedure, although the rate of recovery varied from patient to patient. No deaths occurred. Two procedure-related complications occurred: development of a loculated fluid collection in the left paracolic gutter that required surgical drainage and an injury to the splenic artery requiring arteriorrhaphy . Late complications included a ventral hernia and a persistent duodenocutaneous fistula. Marsupialization along with limited debridement is recommended as an alternative to closed drainage of the peripancreatic space in patients with significant pancreatic necrosis.
STUDY OF MILLING PROCESS AND ITS EFFECT ON VITAMIN B1 AND FOLIC ACID CONTENTS ON LOWLAND RICE PROMISING LINES

Rice is an important source of vitamin B1 and folic acid, but cultivated rice cultivars contain low of these nutrient. Breeding program had been conducted and several advanced lines with a high vitamin B and folic acid contents were found. This research aimed to study the contents of vitamin B1 and folic acid in the brown rice and milled rice of fifteen promising lowland rice lines. Dried paddy (14% moisture content) were husked in the mini husker (Satake THU 35A) to obtain brown rice and milled rice by using abrasive-type mini polisher (Satake TM-05, 1,450 RPM for 2 minutes). Vitamin B1 and folic acid in the brown rice and milled rice were determined by using HPLC equipped with fluorescence detector for vitamin B1 and UV detector for folic acid. Four out of fifteen rice lines studied showed a unique characteristic of vitamin B1 content in the brown rice and milled rice. Rice lines which have highest vitamin B1 in the brown rice were B10267-4-PN-6-2-3-2-2-2-3-3-2 (3.03 mg 100 g-1), B10876H-MR-2 (2.13 mg 100 g-1), B10531E-KN-1-2-PN-1-4-2 (1.33 mg 100 g-1) and B12411E-RS*-1-2-1 (1.21 mg 100 g-1). However after milling, 43-92% of their vitamin B1 were lost; the least loss was observed in B12411E-RS*-1-2-1 (1.21 mg 100 g-1) which was only 4%. Three out of fifteen rice lines studied has highest folic acid in brown rice, i.e. BP400G-PN-12-3-6 (158.5 µg 100 g-1), B10876H-MR-2 (152.0 µg 100 g-1), and B11742-RS*-2-3-MR-5-5-1-Si-1-3 (100.0 µg 100 g-1). After milling the line B10876H-MR-2 had the highest folic acid content (52.0 µg 100 g-1), much higher than that of Ciherang variety as a control. This study indicates the importance of having a suitable milling instrument to minimize loss of vitamin B1 and folic acid. The study also suggests the importance of creating new rice cultivars that have high nutrient and resistant to milling process.
Advanced computational tools for elastic buckling analysis of cold-formed steel structures

In recent years significant research has been done in the field of computational modeling for cold-formed steel structures. This chapter covers the recent developments and applications in elastic buckling analysis of cold-formed steel structures, with a particular focus on numerical methods such as the finite element and finite strip methods, the constrained finite strip method, and generalized beam theory. Available open source programs based on finite strip, generalized beam, finite element, and some other numerical methods are presented. The applications of these computational tools in design and other developments are illustrated in the design of cold-formed members using the direct strength method; automated design of cold-formed members using the constrained finite strip method; and advanced development of modal identification of the shell finite element method. Remarks are made on other resources and future developments in computational modeling of elastic buckling analysis of cold-formed steel structures.
Variants in angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT2) contribute to variation in nocturnal oxyhaemoglobin saturation level.

Abstract Genetic determinants of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), a common set of disorders that contribute to significant cardiovascular and neuropsychiatric morbidity, are not clear. Overnight nocturnal oxygen saturation (SaO2) is a clinically relevant and easily measured indicator of SDB severity but its genetic contribution has never been studied. Our recent study suggests nocturnal SaO2 is heritable. We performed linkage analysis, association analysis and haplotype analysis of average nocturnal oxyhaemoglobin saturation in participants in the Cleveland Family Study (CFS), followed by gene-based association and additional tests in four independent samples. Linkage analysis identified a peak (LOD = 4.29) on chromosome 8p23. Follow-up association analysis identified two haplotypes in angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT2) that significantly contributed to the variation of SaO2 (P = 8 × 10-5) and accounted for a portion of the linkage evidence. Gene-based association analysis replicated the association of ANGPT2 and nocturnal SaO2. A rare missense SNP rs200291021 in ANGPT2 was associated with serum angiopoietin-2 level (P = 1.29 × 10-4), which was associated with SaO2 (P = 0.002). Our study provides the first evidence for the association of ANGPT2, a gene previously implicated in acute lung injury syndromes, with nocturnal SaO2, suggesting that this gene has a broad range of effects on gas exchange, including influencing oxygenation during sleep.
Conserved Tetramer Junction in the Kinetochore Ndc80 Complex.

Summary The heterotetrameric Ndc80 complex establishes connectivity along the principal longitudinal axis of a kinetochore. Its two heterodimeric subcomplexes, each with a globular end and a coiled-coil shaft, connect end-to-end to create a ∼600 A long rod spanning the gap from centromere-proximal structures to spindle microtubules. Neither subcomplex has a known function on its own, but the heterotetrameric organization and the characteristics of the junction are conserved from yeast to man. We have determined crystal structures of two shortened ("dwarf") Ndc80 complexes that contain the full tetramer junction and both globular ends. The junction connects two α-helical coiled coils through regions of four-chain and three-chain overlap. The complexity of its structure depends on interactions among conserved amino-acid residues, suggesting a binding site for additional cellular factor(s) not yet identified.