cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transcriptomic data indicating differential expressed genes between HIV-1 Associated Nephropathy (HIVAN) mouse model (Tg26) and wildtype mice.

Abstract Tg26 mice are robust models of human immunodeficiency virus 1 associated nephropathy (HIVAN). These mice are useful for HIVAN pathology analysis, and recent studies suggest that the Tg26 mouse model is an excellent model of other chronic kidney diseases. We performed RNA seq analysis of differential gene expression in the kidneys of Tg26 mice. Kidneys were collected from Tg26 mice and wildtype (WT) littermates at 3 months of age. The raw data were analyzed for differential gene expression using a negative binomial generalized linear model in the DeSeq2 software package. We used P-Value ≤0.05 and an absolute fold change of 1.5 to identify top 50 upregulated and top 50 downregulated differentially expressed genes between the WT and Tg26 mice. As expected inflammatory genes were among the top differentially regulated genes. Our data provides yet another level of information to help gain a more comprehensive understanding of disease progression and identify potential drug targets for HIVAN and chronic kidney diseases.
Near-field radiative transfer by bulk hyperbolic polaritons across vacuum gap

Abstract Thermal radiation has always been treated as a surface phenomenon. A recent study has demonstrated that new radiation channels, the hyperbolic phonon polaritons, can contribute to heat transfer inside bulk hyperbolic materials with a heat flux comparable to conduction. For near-field radiative transfer across a vacuum gap between two hyperbolic materials, hyperbolic phonon polaritons have been considered as surface modes that are responsible for heat transfer enhancement. Here, we analyze near-field radiative transfer due to hyperbolic phonon polaritons, driven by temperature gradient inside the bulk materials. We develop a mesoscale many-body scattering approach to account for the role of hyperbolic phonon polaritons in radiative transfer in the bulk and across a vacuum gap. Our study points out the equivalency between the bulk-generated mode and the surface mode in the absence of a temperature gradient in the material, and hence provide a unified framework for near-field radiative transfer by hyperbolic phonon polaritons. The results also elucidate contributions of the bulk-generated mode and the bulk temperature profile in the enhanced near-field radiative transfer.
Rushing to respond: image reparation and dialectical tension in crisis communication in academia

The University of North Alabama (UNA) was accused of negligence in the handling of a student’s allegation of sexual assault by a professor. The initial university response prompted backlash from st...
Non-orthogonal-Grid-based three dimensional modeling of transient electromagnetic field with topography

We applied the non-orthogonal grid finite difference time domain(FDTD)method to the 3D Transient electromagnetics(TEM)simulation with topography.We also presented a modified non-orthogonal grid FDTD method taking into account a weighted projection technique. The numerical simulation results based on various topographical models indicate that the topographical parameters such as the depth,width and source distance could affect the simulated TEM field.
DeepRobust: a Platform for Adversarial Attacks and Defenses.

DeepRobust is a PyTorch platform for generating adversarial examples and building robust machine learning models for different data domains. Users can easily evaluate the attack performance against different defense methods with DeepRobust and get performance analyzing visualization. In this paper, we introduce the functions of DeepRobust with detailed instructions. We believe that DeepRobust is a useful tool to measure deep learning model robustness and to find the suitable countermeasures against adversarial attacks. The platform is kept updated and can be found at https://github.com/DSE-MSU/DeepRobust. More details of instruction can be found in the documentation at https://deeprobust.readthedocs.io/en/latest/.
Middle School Students in Virtual Learning Environments

This ethnographic study examined middle school students engaged in a virtual learning environment used in concert with face-to-face instruction in order to complete a collaborative research project. Thirty-eight students from three eighth grade classes participated in this study where data were collected through observation of student work within the virtual learning environment, an online survey, and focus group sessions with students involved in the project. Results indicated students found the virtual learning environment to be valuable as a platform to complete a collaborative research assignment because of portability, ease of use, and organization. Embedded resources within the environment were helpful because of the convenience. Other people, including peers and teachers, were the preferred source of help when problems navigating the environment or finding information arose. Students communicated within the virtual learning environment as a social outlet, a way to check in, and a means to offer content related comments. Ideally the study's findings will give insight into student experiences in a virtual learning environment in order to help educators design more effective learning experiences and incorporate useful supports within such environments.
The primosomal protein n' of Escherichia coli is a DNA helicase.

Protein n' of Escherichia coli functions in assembly and translocation of the primosome, a mobile multiprotein complex involved in priming DNA replication (Kornberg, A. (1982) Supplement to DNA Replication, Freeman Publications, San Francisco). By itself, protein n' translocates on single-stranded DNA and destabilizes duplex regions by acting as a DNA helicase, using the energy of ATP or dATP hydrolysis. Single-stranded DNA binding protein was required for melting of duplex regions longer than 40 base pairs. Initial binding of protein n' to a specific site on DNA (Shlomai, J., and Kornberg, A. (1980) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77, 799-803) is essential for its helicase function. The polarity of protein n' translocation on DNA, in the 3' to 5' direction of the chain, suggests a mechanism for how the primosome may contribute to concurrent replication of both strands at a replication fork.
Motion analysis of upper extremity using six degree of freedom sensors

Summary form only given. The accurate monitoring of extremity motion in the past has been a difficult and tedious task. A process has been developed using a McDonnel Douglas 3Space Digitizer and a Macintosh microcomputer which quickly and accurately provides motion data for a task involving general motion in three dimensions. The digitizer uses electromagnetic technology to create a field around an electronic source. The position and orientation of sensors placed within this field are then obtained and saved. This device has been used to monitor the motion of the hand with respect to the forearm. A specially developed glove was used to attach a sensor to the forearm and another to the back of the hand. The orientation data of the sensors throughout the task was then stored on a floppy disk and analyzed with the use of a microcomputer. Using mathematical transformations, the orientation of the hand is referenced to the orientation of the forearm; the sensor on the forearm is a moving reference frame. General extremity motion can be monitored with slight modifications of the device. >
Direct projections from brainstem to telencephalon

Ascending anterograde degeneration, as identified by the NautaGygax and Fink-Heimer methods, was traced following massive unilateral lesions placed at various levels of the brainstem reticular formation. Degenerating axons were traced through the subthalamus into the striatal complex with a few fibers reaching the deep layers of the frontal poles. In general, the distribution of this ascending tract is in agreement with results obtained with histochemical methods.
GASTROPOD HERBIVORY IN RESPONSE TO ELEVATED CO2 AND N ADDITION IMPACTS PLANT COMMUNITY COMPOSITION

In this study, the influence of elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen (N) deposition on gastropod herbivory was investigated for six annual species in a California annual grassland community. These experimentally simulated global changes increased availability of important resources for plant growth, leading to the hypothesis that species with the most positive growth and foliar nutrient responses would experience the greatest increase in herbivory. Counter to the expectations, shifts in tissue N and growth rates caused by N deposition did not predict shifts in herbivore consumption rates. N deposition increased seedling N concentrations and growth rates but did not increase herbivore consumption overall, or for any individual species. Elevated CO2 did not influence growth rates nor have a statistically significant influence on seedling N concentrations. Elevated CO2 at ambient N levels caused a decline in the number of seedlings consumed, but the interaction between CO2 and N addition differed among species. The results of this study indicate that shifting patterns of herbivory will likely influence species composition as environmental conditions change in the future; however, a simple trade-off between shifting growth rates and palatability is not evident.
Systematic search of transition state conformations

Abstract Structural axioms for modeling transition states (TSs) for the addition of nucleophiles to carbonyl compounds have been added to WIZARD. These axioms are largely based on Houk's studies and MM2 parameters. With these axioms WIZARD is capable of rapidly and systematically searching the conformational space of TSs for such reactions. The resulting TS conformations were validated by MM2 and MOPAC. The theoretical results and experimental observations are in good agreement.
Real-time measurements of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in live human trabecular meshwork cells: effects of acute oxidative stress.

The trabecular meshwork (TM) region of the eye is exposed to a constant low-level of oxidative insult. The cumulative damage may be the reason behind age-dependent risk for developing primary open angle glaucoma. Chronic and acute effects of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on TM endothelial cells include changes in viability, protein synthesis, and cellular adhesion. However, little if anything is known about the immediate effect of H2O2 on the biochemistry of the TM cells and the initial response to oxidative stress. In this report, we have used two-photon excitation autofluorescence (2PAF) to monitor changes to TM cell nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADPH). 2PAF allows non-destructive, real-time analysis of concentration of intracellular NADPH. Coupled to reduced glutathione, NADPH, is a major component in the anti-oxidant defense of TM cells. Cultured human TM cells were monitored for over 30 min in control and H2O2-containing solutions. Peroxide caused both a dose- and time-dependent decrease in NADPH signal. NADPH fluorescence in control and in 4 mM H2O2 solutions showed little attenuation of NADPH signal (4% and 9% respectively). TM cell NADPH fluorescence showed a linear decrease with exposure to 20 mM H2O2 (−29%) and 100 mM H2O2 (37%) after a 30 min exposure. Exposure of TM cells to 500 mM H2O2 caused an exponential decrease in NADPH fluorescence to a final attenuation of 46% of starting intensity. Analysis of individual TM cells indicates that cells with higher initial NADPH fluorescence are more refractive to the apparent loss of viability caused by H2O2 than weakly fluorescing TM cells. We conclude that 2PAF of intracellular NADPH is a valuable tool for studying TM cell metabolism in response to oxidative insult.
Critical lines for type-III aqueous mixtures by generalized corresponding-states models

An algorithm has been developed for calculating the gas-gas critical line of type-III binary fluid mixtures for extended corresponding-states (ECS) models. The algorithm searches for an extremum in pressure on the spinodal curve of an isothermal pressure-composition phase diagram of a binary mixture. The method has been applied to solutions of carbon dioxide and of nitrogen in water. starting at the water critical point. Two variants of ECS have been tested for their ability to represent reliablePVTx data in the nitrogen-water mixture. It is demonstrated that in the latter system both ECS variants produce an artifact in the gas-gas critical line in the range of 0–0.2 mole fraction of nitrogen.
Signal dispersion within a hippocampal neural network

A model network is described, representing two neural populations coupled so that one population is inhibited by activity it excites in the other. Parameters and operations within the model represent EPSPs, IPSPs, neural thresholds, conduction delays, background activity and spatial and temporal dispersion of signals passing from one population to the other. Simulations of single-shock and pulse-train driving of the network are presented for various parameter values. Neuronal events from 100 to 300 msec following stimulation are given special consideration in model calculations.
Poly(chloro-p-xylylene)/SiO2 multilayer thin films deposited near-room temperature by thermal CVD

Multilayer thin films consisting of alternating layers of poly(chloro-p-xylylene) (PPXC) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) were deposited at 80–85°C, taking advantage of a recently developed process to deposit SiO2 at near-room temperature by thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The method used to deposit SiO2 is general and can be applied to near-room temperature deposition of many oxide thin films such as Al2O3, Y2O3, TiO2, ZrO2, Ta2O5, Nb2O5, and ZnO; but for the development of low dielectric constant materials to reduce RC-delay in ultra large scale integration (ULSI) devices, the deposition of SiO2 with a polymeric material is more applicable. Further, the ability to deposit SiO2 in a multilayer structure with a polymer is also advantageous to studying ultrathin polymeric films which finds applicability where polymeric materials experience confined geometry such as in composite materials, lubrication and biocompatible ultrathin films. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed the presence of new crystallites in the homopolymer film after post-deposition anneal at 150°C due to a decrease in the d-spacing but after a 200°C post-deposition anneal, only an increase in crystallinity occurred due the nucleation and growth of new crystallites and not the growth of existing crystallites. However, the multilayer films were more sluggish to crystallize and to form new crystallites after post-deposition anneals as compared to PPXC as a result of a thickness effect at ∼35 nm. The introduction of a polymer with SiO2 raised the index of refraction from 1.44 to 1.59 (@630 nm) and lowered the dielectric constant from 4.0 to 3.30 (@10 kHz) with a PPXC thickness fraction of ∼0.80.
An empirical estimation of regional production functions for the U.S. manufacturing industry

Five different production functions for 50 states and the District of Columbia in the U.S. are estimated and compared based on the 1987 data from the Census of Manufacturers. The Cobb-Douglas function can be rejected. The CES yields a negative value of the elasticity of substitution (σ). In the translog function, the coefficient of logKt has a wrong sign and is insignificant. The coefficient ofK t 0.5 L t 0.5 in the generalized Leontief function is insignificant at the 5% level. It appears that the new CES function (Bairam, 1989, 1991) yields the best statistical results: σ is estimated to be 1.56, and total output elasticity ranges from 0.85 to 1.12, which can partly be explained by different values of theK/L ratio.
Single sensillum recordings in the insects Drosophila melanogaster and Anopheles gambiae.

The sense of smell is essential for insects to find foods, mates, predators, and oviposition sites3. Insect olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) are enclosed in sensory hairs called sensilla, which cover the surface of olfactory organs. The surface of each sensillum is covered with tiny pores, through which odorants pass and dissolve in a fluid called sensillum lymph, which bathes the sensory dendrites of the OSNs housed in a given sensillum. The OSN dendrites express odorant receptor (OR) proteins, which in insects function as odor-gated ion channels4, 5. The interaction of odorants with ORs either increases or decreases the basal firing rate of the OSN. This neuronal activity in the form of action potentials embodies the first representation of the quality, intensity, and temporal characteristics of the odorant6, 7. Given the easy access to these sensory hairs, it is possible to perform extracellular recordings from single OSNs by introducing a recording electrode into the sensillum lymph, while the reference electrode is placed in the lymph of the eye or body of the insect. In Drosophila, sensilla house between one and four OSNs, but each OSN typically displays a characteristic spike amplitude. Spike sorting techniques make it possible to assign spiking responses to individual OSNs. This single sensillum recording (SSR) technique monitors the difference in potential between the sensillum lymph and the reference electrode as electrical spikes that are generated by the receptor activity on OSNs1, 2, 8. Changes in the number of spikes in response to the odorant represent the cellular basis of odor coding in insects. Here, we describe the preparation method currently used in our lab to perform SSR on Drosophila melanogaster and Anopheles gambiae, and show representative traces induced by the odorants in a sensillum-specific manner.
Aberrant Integrin (CR4;αxβ2; CD11c/CD18) Oscillations on Neutrophils in a Mild Form of Pyoderma Gangrenosum

We have previously shown that the β2 integrins CR3 and CR4 physically and functionally interact with urokinase receptors (uPAR) on neutrophil plasma membranes in an oscillatory fashion. In this study we have analyzed neutrophils from patient SC, a 34 y old African American female, with aberrant skin window results and recurrent perianal abscesses and pretibial lesions diagnosed as pyoderma gangrenosum. Although untreated migrating normal neutrophils exhibited 20 s sinusoidal oscillations in CR4-uPAR proximity, neutrophils from SC demonstrated a faster oscillation (10 s) in the form of a flyback sawtooth wave. This waveform mimicked that observed for normal neutrophils treated with subsaturating doses of the kinase inhibitors staurosporine, genistein, and erbstatin. As β2 integrins are regulated by phosphorylation, we tested the hypothesis that the aberrant CR4-uPAR proximity oscillations seen in SC's neutrophils are due to defective kinase activity that might be balanced by a decrease in phosphatase activity. When SC's cells are exposed to subsaturating concentrations of the phosphatase inhibitor pervanadate, this caused the CR4-uPAR oscillations to become sinusoidal in shape with a 20 s period, as seen in normal migrating neutrophils. Although SC's neutrophils were deficient in spontaneous and N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine-induced polarization, 0.5 μM pervanadate returned cell polarization to nearly normal levels, thus paralleling the acquisition of normal receptor interactions. Inasmuch as SC's cellular phenotype is mimicked by kinase inhibitors and corrected by phosphatase inhibitors, we suggest that a mutation(s) affecting the kinetics of intracellular signaling enzymes, but not blocking the pathway per se, may be responsible for this clinical state.
Interaction of poly(glycoamidoamine) DNA delivery vehicles with cell-surface glycosaminoglycans leads to polyplex internalization in a manner not solely dependent on charge

Understanding the mechanisms of cellular internalization is necessary for rational design of efficient polymers for DNA delivery. In this paper, we present evidence that poly(glycoamidoamine) (PGAA)-DNA complexes (polyplexes) interact with cell-surface glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in a manner that is not solely dependent on charge. The presence of GAGs appears to be necessary for efficient cellular uptake, as polyplex internalization was decreased in GAG-deficient CHO (pgsA-745) cells. However, uptake was nearly unaffected in cells deficient only in heparan sulfate. Internalization of PGAA polyplexes appears to be dependent on GAG sulfation in mammalian cell lines, yet the PGAA polymers are decomplexed from pDNA by high concentrations of GAGs in a charge-independent manner. This finding suggests that interactions between the carbohydrates on the polymer and GAGs may contribute to polyplex binding. Quartz crystal microbalance studies support the findings that relative PGAA polyplex-GAG binding affinities are also not completely mediated by charge. As measured by dynamic light scattering and TEM, GAGs appear to accumulate on the surface of polyplexes without disrupting them at a lower concentration, which may stimulate cellular internalization due to close interactions between the polyplexes and the GAGs. Gel electrophoresis and fluorescence measurements of an intercalating dye suggest that polyplex interaction with GAGs can induce dissociation, which could represent a potential pDNA release mechanism. These results imply that similar interactions may occur on cell surfaces, and strongly supports the hypothesis that GAGs function as cell surface receptors for polyplexes formed with PGAA vehicles.
Macrophages Regulate Tissue Fibrosis in Lymphedema

INTRODUCTION: Lymphedema results from inadequate transport of lymphatic fluid, and typically affects the extremities. The condition may be caused by maldevelopment of lymphatics (primary) or by injury to lymph nodes or vessels (secondary). Recently, obesity has been recognized as a novel cause of extremity lymphedema. The purpose of this study was to characterize patients with obesityinduced lymphedema.
Excimer laser reduction and patterning of graphite oxide

Abstract A successful approach and the operational parameters necessary for reduction of graphite oxide (GO) to multilayer graphene using 248 nm excimer laser irradiation in both vacuum and ultrahigh purity N2 background environments is described. The utility of excimer laser reduction is demonstrated by production of simple line and logo patterns using standard microscale lithographic patterning strategies. Multilayer graphene formation is confirmed with Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies, and the morphology of the processed GO sample is evaluated with scanning electron microscopy. Four-point probe measurements of the excimer laser reduced GO indicate typical sheet resistances of ∼100–500 Ω/sq, which is a significant improvement over other values reported in the literature for other laser-based GO reduction methods.
Sediment toxicity in the St. Lucie River Watershed and Everglades Agricultural Area.

DDD, DDE and ametryn were the most frequently detected pesticides in sediment in the St. Lucie River Watershed (SLR) and Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA). Concentrations of organochlorine compounds typically exceeded NOAA (SQuiRTs) TELs for freshwater sediment. Microtox® BSPT EC50s from sediments in the SLR and EAA were lower than other sediment samples and reference controls. Single-species 10-day toxicity tests with Hyalella azteca and Chironomus tentans and whole sediment sample exposures from the SLR and EAA showed no effects on survival or growth of both species. However, in 28-day tests with H. azteca, survival was reduced at two sites compared to a reference control and a third sampling site. There were no correlations between contaminant concentrations, EC50s and toxicity test results.
A 6-exo-trig radical cyclization approach to the hydrochrysene skeleton

Abstract The synthetic approach to a functionalized hydrochrysene skeleton is described. The route is highlighted by a Birch reduction–alkylation sequence and a 6-exo-trig radical cyclization.
Standing and Exercise Doppler Echocardiography in Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: The Range of Gradients with Upright Activity

Background The ideal provocative maneuver in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a subject of ongoing investigation. Standing is a fundamental activity of daily life. This study examined acquisition of standing, Valsalva, and post-exercise left ventricular outflow tract gradients in HCM. Methods Rest supine, standing, and post-Valsalva gradients were measured in 98 consecutive patients with HCM who were referred for outpatient echocardiography. In 53 (54%) of the 98 patients, symptom-limited treadmill exercise was also performed, with gradients measured immediately after in the supine position. Results Fifty-six (57%) of the 98 patients had resting gradient P P Conclusion Although standing increased gradients by 76%, it is not as potent a provocative maneuver as Valsalva or treadmill exercise. Nevertheless, standing is recommended as a physiologic provocative maneuver. In some patients standing may guide therapy; in others, the standing and exercise gradient provide a correct appreciation of the range of physiologically experienced gradients during daily upright activity.
High Frequency of Pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosis in Women With Tuberous Sclerosis Complex

Objective To determine the frequency of pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), a rare cystic lung disorder that occurs almost exclusively in women of reproductive age, in women with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), an inheritable multiorgan hamartomatosis. Patients and Methods In this retrospective cohort study, the medical records of 78 women with definite TSC were reviewed, and pertinent information was recorded, including the demographic data, clinical manifestations, results of lung biopsies and autopsies, and findings on imaging studies of the chest and abdomen. All available computed tomographic (CT) scans of the chest and abdomen were reviewed. Results Of 78 women with definite TSC seen from 1977 to 1998, 20 (26%) had evidence of LAM. Surgical lung biopsy or autopsy in 7 patients confirmed the diagnosis of their lung disease. Characteristic CT findings of LAM were noted in 13 additional patients. Twelve of these 20 patients with TSC-associated LAM had respiratory symptoms, including exertional shortness of breath and spontaneous pneumothorax, that eventually led to their pulmonary diagnosis. Conclusions The frequency of lung involvement (LAM) in women with TSC is substantially higher than previously suspected and may be even higher than reported in this retrospective study. These findings support the recommendation for a screening CT of the chest for all women with TSC.
Effect of Polyacrylamide and polyethylene oxide polymers on coal flotation

Abstract Coal flotation was determined to be affected by the hydrophilic nature and amount of the polymer added. Presence of the nonionic polyacrylamide completely depressed the coal flotation. Partially hydrophobic, nonionic polymer, polyethylene oxide (PEO) also depressed the flotation. However, the depressant action was found to be less severe at higher polymer concentrations. Changes in the coal flotation behavior, in the presence of the polymers, are attributed to modifications in the solid/liquid, and liquid/gas interfacial regions.
Industry-University relationships and the land-grant system

Abstract The nature of the relationships between industry and public agricultural research programs in USA land-grant universities (LGUs) is explored historical
The Meaning of Service Learning in an MSW Course

Service learning is an educational practice that bridges the gap between academics and the real world. Knowledge generated within educational institutions is offered to a community with the goal of strengthening student learning and increasing students' civic engagement. There is a pedagogical congruence between service learning, civic engagement, and the educational and professional values of social work given the field's commitment to social justice and the empowerment of oppressed groups at the macro-level. Though social work may hold an affinity for service learning, there has not been a corresponding connection to research regarding service learning's impact on civic engagement. The following research contributes to knowledge by understanding the experience of a group of graduate-level social work students who demonstrated civic engagement after the completion of a service learning experience.
Existence of positive solutions for a class of the p -Laplace equations

We are concerned with the existence of solutions ofwhere Δp is the p-Laplacian, p ∈ (1, ∞), and Ω is a bounded smooth domain in ℝn.For h(x) ≡ 0 and f(x, u) satisfying proper asymptotic spectral conditions, existence of a unique positive solution is obtained by invoking the sub-supersolution technique and the spectral method. For h(x) ≢ 0, with assumptions on asymptotic behavior of f(x, u) as u → ±∞, an existence result is also proved.
Effects of gender of observer and fear of negative evaluation on cardiovascular reactivity to mental stress in college men

This study investigated the relation between mere observation, the gender of a confederate observer and cardiovascular reactivity to two laboratory challenges, a math task and verbal anagrams, in both individuals with high and low social fear (e.g. fear of negative evaluation). Forty-eight undergraduate males completed the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale and were categorized as either high or low social fear based on a median split. Sixteen subjects were tested alone, 16 subjects were observed by a male confederate during task performance and 16 subjects were observed by a female confederate during task performance. Cardiovascular measures of heart rate and blood pressure were measured during both tasks and intervening rest periods. Results revealed subjects with high social fear exhibited higher heart rate reactions to the math task and higher diastolic blood pressure reactions to the anagram challenge than low social fear participants, but only when observed by a female confederate. In addition, participants in the male and female observation conditions exhibited greater SBP responses to the anagram task than participants in the alone condition. No group differences on task performance were observed. Cardiovascular reactivity to the two tasks used in this study was impacted by both contextual laboratory factors (i.e. gender of observer) and dispositional attributes of the participant (i.e. social fear).
Human Ca2+ Receptor Cysteine-rich Domain ANALYSIS OF FUNCTION OF MUTANT AND CHIMERIC RECEPTORS

The 612-residue extracellular domain of the human Ca(2+) receptor (hCaR) has been speculated to consist of a Venus's-flytrap domain (VFT) and a cysteine-rich domain. We studied the function of the hCaR Cys-rich domain by using mutagenesis and chimera approaches. A chimeric hCaR with the sequence from residues 540-601 replaced by the corresponding sequence from the Fugu CaR remained fully functional. Another chimeric hCaR with the same region of sequence replaced by the corresponding sequence from metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 1 (mGluR1) still was activated by extracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](o)), but its function was severely compromised. Chimeric receptors with the hCaR VFT and mGluR1 seven-transmembrane domain plus C-tail domain retained good response to [Ca(2+)](o) whether the Cys-rich domain was from hCaR or from mGluR1. Mutant hCaR with the Cys-rich domain deleted failed to respond to [Ca(2+)](o), although it was expressed at the cell surface and capable of dimerization. Our results indicate that the hCaR Cys-rich domain plays a critical role in signal transmission from VFT to seven-transmembrane domain. This domain tolerates a significant degree of amino acid substitution and may not be directly involved in the binding of [Ca(2+)](o).
Dynamic measurement of diffuse reflectivity

For studying the diffuse reflectivity of tungsten target surface, a series of experiments of symmetric flat impact between copper flyer and tungsten target has been done on a two stage light gas gun. Argon ion laser with wavelength 514.5 nm was used as light source to illuminate testing point. The laser light scattered from target was collected by a lens and the light power fore-and-after shock compression was measured. The reflectivity of shock- compressed tungsten target surface could be derived through the power of scattered laser light. In these experiments, the shock pressure in tungsten target was limited from 85 GPa to 250 GPa, five pressure points being chosen. The experimental results show: shock compression makes the reflecting ability of target surface lower, and when the shock pressure is higher than 165 GPa, the reducing speed apparently becomes lower. In addition, the experimental conditions are described in this paper, and the results also are discussed.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A finite element method for non-linear forced vibrations of beams

Geometric non-linearities for large amplitude free and forced vibrations of beam are investigated. Longitudinal displacement and inertia are included in the formulation. The finite element method is used. The harmonic force matrix is introduced and derived. Various out-of-plane and inplane boundary conditions are considered. Results showing the dependence of the amplitude on the frequency ratio and on the strain are presented for different boundary conditions and loads. It is concluded that the effects of longitudinal deformation and inertia are to reduce the non-linearity.
Structure of bistramide a-actin complex at a 1.35 A resolution

Bistramide A is a highly potent antiproliferative marine natural product from Lissoclinum bistratum. We have previously established actin as the primary cellular receptor of bistramide A. We report herein the X-ray structure of bistramide A bound to monomeric actin at a resolution of 1.35 A. The most notable aspect of the bistramide A-actin structure is an extensive hydrogen-bonding network established upon a deep penetration of the central segment of bistramide A into the actin-binding cleft between subdomains 1 and 3. The structure presents the first insight into the observed ability of bistramide A to modulate G-actin polymerization. The structural information combined with our ability to chemically modify the bistramide framework provides the basis for rational development of a series of new synthetic analogues as useful probes for studying actin cytoskeleton and as potential therapeutic leads.
Analysis of semi-volatile residues using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy

Abstract Semi-volatile residues on aerospace hardware can be analyzed using Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (DRIFTS). This method can be correlated with quantitative Mil-STD 1246 NVR measurements while simultaneously providing qualitative identification of a large variety of compounds. Its high sensitivity supports the direct sampling of small areas of critical surfaces. This method involves transferring the contaminant film to a small solvent-saturated wipe, followed by extraction of the wipe, then concentration of the solvent extract and subsequent spectroscopic analysis using an FT-IR with a diffuse reflectance accessory. A library of standard curves for different classes of typical aerospace contaminants has been established. Quantitative analysis has been proven successful over orders of magnitude and detection limits exceeding 0.1 ug/cm 2 are routinely achieved. Several practical applications have been performed using this analytical method and detailed discussion of analysis techniques is presented. The discussion will include: instrumentation setup, selection and preparation of sample collection materials, sample extract preparation, preparation of standard calibration curves and spectral interpretation. Keywords: Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy, DRIFTS, Non Volatile Residue, NVR, Molecular Film, Contamination
Modeling of penetrant diffusion in glassy polymers with an integral sorption deborah number

A mathematical model was developed to explain the anomalous penetrant diffusion behavior in glassy polymers. The model equations were derived by using the linear irreversible thermodynamics theory and the kinematic relations in continuum mechanics, showing the coupling between the polymer mechanical behavior and penetrant transport. The Maxwell model was used as the stress–strain constitutive equation, from which the polymer relaxation time was defined. An integral sorption Deborah number was proposed as the ratio of the characteristic relaxation time in the glassy region to the characteristic diffusion time in the swollen region. With this definition, an integral sorption process was characterized by a single Deborah number and the controlling mechanism was identified in terms of the value of the Deborah number. The model equations were two coupled nonlinear differential equations. A finite difference method was developed for solving the model equations. Numerical simulation of integral sorption of penetrants in glassy polymers was performed. The simulation results show that (1) the present model can predict Case II transport behavior as well as the transition from Case II to Fickian diffusion and (2) the integral sorption Deborah number is a major parameter affecting the transition. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
SU‐D‐WAB‐03: Online Adaptive Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Lung Lesions

Purpose: During the delivery of stereotactic body treatments (SBRT) for lung cancer with single or multiple targets, the targets may experience considerable inter‐fractional variations, such as shape and volume change and/or independent motion between multiple targets, which cannot be fully addressed by the IGRT repositioning. Here we devised a method to quickly generate a dedicated plan of the day immediately before each SBRT fraction. Methods: The main idea for the proposed method is to quickly modify the original plan based on the anatomy of the day and deliver the new plan with respiration gating without repositioning the patient. An autosegmentation tool (ABAS, Elekta) is used to quickly delineate targets and organs‐at‐risk (OAR) with manual editing, if necessary, based on the respiration‐gated CT acquired using a CT‐on‐rails (CTVision, Siemens) with the patient in the treatment position. Appropriate PTV margin (e.g., 3 mm) is used to account for residual uncertainties. Each beam aperture is adjusted to conform to each PTV with the same beam orientation as the original plan. Automatically‐generated ring structures are used during beam weight optimization to enhance dose conformity, where only beam (segment) weights (MU), not the shapes, are optimized. The method was tested on representative cases with two targets. Results: The proposed online replanning method can deliver conformal dose distribution optimized for each fraction during SBRT and can be completed within 10 minutes. The structure delineation was generally less than 3 minutes due to the small target size and abundant contrast. The percentage PTV volume covered by prescription dose and percentage lung volume covered by 20 Gy were improved from 86% and 22% for repositioning to 95% and 8% for the online replanning, respectively. Conclusion: Online adaptive replanning is dosimetrically advantageous and practically feasible for lung SBRT with possibility of using single isocenter for multiple targets.
Diagnosis and management of labile blood pressure during acute cerebrovascular accidents and other hypertensive crises

It is estimated that with more than 40 million adults in the United States having uncontrolled hypertension, the risk of developing ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke in this population is significant. In addition, roughly 1 of 100 patients with essential hypertension will experience a hypertensive crisis during their lifetime, and these accelerated hypertensive emergencies and urgencies complicate more than 27% of all acute medical problems in patients presenting to emergency departments (EDs) in the United States. Arterial hypertension, a prominent feature of acute stroke syndrome, usually declines spontaneously within a few days, but its presence at hospital admission or its acute development during hospitalization is often associated with worsening stroke outcome and early mortality. Control of hypertension in patients with subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage, both forms of acute stroke, is directed at maintaining adequate cerebral blood flow to minimize ischemic damage and control intracerebral pressure while reducing the risk of rebleeding and developing cerebrovasospasm. Inappropriate lowering of the blood pressure in acute stroke may increase neurologic damage. However, adequate blood flow around the central area of the acute ischemic stroke or penumbra may result in ischemic cells being salvaged. Clinicians must be mindful that accelerated hypertension is associated with other types of patients seen in the ED, such as perioperative patients and patients with traumatic head injuries.
Uncovering Text-Music Connections with a Relational Database: Towards an Objective Measurement of Melodic Pitch Diversity in Relation to Literary Themes in Bach's Church Cantata Recitatives

Bach's cantatas are particularly rich in text imagery, and they typically employ chromatic melodies to accentuate the more piquant literary images, especially in recitatives. Heretofore theories about the intentionality of Bach's compositional choices in this regard have necessarily remained conjectural. In the following study, an objective measurement of pitch diversity in the vocal lines of Bach's church cantata recitatives in relation to literary themes was made possible with specially designed computer software allowing pertinent information to be entered efficiently into a relational database. Because the software tracked not only the 90,000 pitches constituting the vocal lines of these movements but also other attributes (e.g., overall length, presence or absence of accompaniment, opening and closing keys, chronological position, among others), interrelationships among the various attributes could be examined. Findings demonstrate clear correlation between pitch diversity and the degree of affective tension implied by particular textual subjects. While the findings do not prove exclusive causation (other factors such as tonal and structural considerations, social occasion, and evolution of style can also play a role), they do link the two elements, especially in light of Bach's method of composition as documented by Robert Marshall. This study is important for its systematic and comprehensive approach, its findings giving definition and clarity to commonly held generalizations about the relationships between melodic chromaticism (of which pitch diversity is an important aspect and indicator) and textual content. Furthermore, the software holds promise for additional studies of Bach's pitch materials and for studies in other stylistic contexts.
Automated line scan analysis to quantify biosensor activity at the cell edge.

Biosensors are valuable tools used to image the subcellular localization and kinetics of protein activity in living cells. Signaling at the edge of motile cells that regulates cell protrusion and retraction is important in many aspects of cell physiology, and frequently studied using biosensors. However, quantitation and interpretation is limited by the heterogeneity of this signaling behavior; automated analytical approaches are required to systematically extract large data sets from biosensor studies for statistical analysis. Here we describe an automated analysis to relate the velocity at specific points along the cell edge with biosensor activity in adjoining regions. Time series of biosensor images are processed to interpolate a smooth edge of the cell at each time point. Profiles of biosensor activity (‘line scans’) are then calculated along lines perpendicular to the cell edge. An energy minimization method is used to calculate a velocity associated with each line scan. Sorting line scans by the proximal velocity has generated novel biological insights, as exemplified by analysis of the Src merobody biosensor. With the large data sets that can be generated automatically by this program, conclusions can be drawn that are not apparent from qualitative or ‘manual’ quantitative techniques. Our ‘LineScan’ software includes a graphical user interface (GUI) to facilitate application in other studies. It is available at hahnlab.com and is exemplified here in a study using the RhoC FLARE biosensor.
Tracking RNA Polymerase, One Step at a Time

Although the structural analysis of transcription has attained atomic resolution, techniques to manipulate single molecules involved in transcription have lagged behind. A recent paper in Nature by Abbondanzieri et al. (2005) closes this gap. This study finds that individual molecules of bacterial RNA polymerase move in single base-pair steps and concludes that RNA polymerase acts as a Brownian ratchet that is driven forward by the binding of incoming nucleoside triphosphates.
D-band CMOS transmitter and receiver for multi-giga-bit/sec wireless data link

We present the design and test results for D-band CMOS transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) for ultra-high speed and short distance data communications. The Tx/Rx employs modulation/de-modulation based on Amplitude-Shift Keying (ASK) to facilitate a non-coherent data link without power-hungry PLL, data converters, and complex DSP. The Tx consists of a wideband 131∼140GHz VCO along with an On/Off key controlled power amplifier to achieve >90% ASK modulation; the Rx consists of a digital controlled LNA, an envelope detector (ED) and a programmable gain amplifier (PGA) to achieve >60dB dynamic range. Both Tx and Rx are implemented in 65nm CMOS and occupy an active area of 0.03mm2/0.12mm2. Test results validate linkage data rates up to 2.5Gbps at the carrier frequency of 140GHz with Tx/Rx power consumption of 115mW/120mW, respectively.
Complications of Targeted Drug Therapies for Solid Malignancies: Manifestations and Mechanisms

OBJECTIVE. This article reviews important complications of targeted drug therapies for solid malignancies that can be identified on diagnostic imaging. Wherever possible, known or proposed mechanistic explanations for drug complications are emphasized. CONCLUSION. Familiarity with the toxicity profiles of different targeted cancer therapies is important for identifying drug-related complications and for differentiating drug effects from disease progression. A mechanistic understanding may be useful for associating individual drugs with their complications and for predicting the complications of emerging agents.
Acquisitions, the Internet and the Academic Library

Electronic resources are becoming a common and useful collection building tool in many libraries, especially academic libraries. This paper presents an overview of how librarians and library staff are using these tools, what tools are being used, and what benefits and drawbacks they present. Web sites, OPACs, listservs, and direct library-vendor links are a sampling of the variety of electronic resources which aid acquisition departments in their choices and ordering decisions. Specific examples and useful web sites are included.
The Effects of Specifying Job Requirements and Using Explicit Warnings to Decrease Sex Discrimination in Employment Interviews.

To determine the relative effectiveness of instructions designed to reduce sex discrimination in employment interviews, 96 students rated resumes for both a male and a female applicant. In one instructional condition subjects were told the specific requirements necessary for success on the job. In a second condition subjects were warned that it was illegal to discriminate on the applicant's sex. A third condition received both instructions, and a fourth received neither. Results revealed a series of interactions suggesting that the use of legal warning alone tended to increase the ratings of male applicants in some cases and influenced how male evaluators rated all applicants in other cases. The major implications were that legal warnings may actually bias ratings in favor of male applicants and may occasionally lead male evaluators to make lenient ratings. The specification of job requirements was suggested as a viable method of reducing discrimination.