cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Direct Sum Simplex Signal Space Codes for DNA Nucleotides and Amino Acid Codons

A genomic symbol to signal conversion concept is introduced and demonstrated on nucleotide base pairs and amino acid codons. Binary encodings of the presence or absence of bioinformatic attributes (e.g., physical, chemical, functional, structural, etc.) onto Euclidean signal space points of $+1$ or $-1$ is performed for individual base pairs or blocks of DNA symbols such as amino acid codons. The symbol to Euclidean space mapping is further encoded into an expanded digital representation based on a direct sum $M$ -ary tree structure called a $\sigma$ -tree. For bioinformatic query sequences, the $\sigma$ -tree provides a rapid search mechanism to find near neighbor similarity sets within warehouses of heterogeneous bioinformatic data. Bioinformatic utility will be achieved in data mining systems based on the proposed symbol-to-signal mapping method through trend analysis of bioinformatic attribute data within similarity set aggregates. Query specific feature/attribute similarity sets are revealed by high dimensional Euclidean signal space clusters. The proposed binary encoded signal vectors provide an equal energy Euclidean space simplex code in the sense of channel coding signal constellation design. Use of an equal energy simplex code prevents biases from being introduced among different attributes during the symbol sequence to signal sequence mapping. The inappropriate use of a multienergy, low dimension, signal point mapping is replaced with a same-energy, high dimension, signal point mapping. The $M$ -ary digital encoding and associated near neighbor search method is extensible to nucleotide sequence blocks of any length, producing digitally expressed signal space simplex representations on a hypersphere of high dimension. Moreover, the direct sum structure empowers computation and memory efficiencies that grow only linearly with increasing sequence length and signal set dimensionality. The bioinformatic attribute encoding method and efficient $\sigma$ -tree expanded digital representation introduced here will provide a foundation for constructing novel genomic driven data mining systems.
Crank-Slider Spool Valve for Switch-Mode Circuits

A key component of switch-mode hydraulic circuits is a high-speed two-position three-way valve with a variable duty cycle. This paper presents a new valve architecture that consists of two valve spools that are axially driven by crank-slider mechanisms. By phase shifting the two crank links, which are on a common crankshaft, the duty cycle of the valve is adjusted. The two spools split and re-combine flow such that two switching cycles occur per revolution of the crankshaft. Because the spools move in a near-sinusoidal trajectory, the peak spool velocities are achieved at mid-stroke where the valve land transitions across the ports, resulting in short valve transition times. The spool velocity is lower during the remainder of the cycle, reducing viscous friction losses. A dynamic model is constructed of this new valve operating at 120 Hz switching frequency in a switch-mode circuit. The model is used to illustrate design trade-offs and minimize energy losses in the valve. The resulting design solution transitions to the on-state in 5% of the switching period and the combined leakage and viscous friction in the valve dissipate 1.7% of the total power at a pressure of 34.5MPa and volumetric flow rate of 22.8L/min.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Using Radiotelemetry to Compare the Initial Behavior and Mortality of Hatchery-Reared and Wild Juvenile Florida Bass

AbstractStocking evaluations for pellet-reared, advanced-fingerling Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides often result in low contribution and survival, but little information exists on their survival and behavior soon after release. This study investigated the behavior and mortality of pellet-reared, advanced-fingerling (90–120 mm TL) Florida Bass M. floridanus immediately after they were stocked in Lake Carlton, Florida. A radiotelemetry experiment was conducted to compare initial movement, habitat use, growth, and mortality between stocked hatchery and wild fish. In year 1, we inserted radio transmitters into 50 hatchery fish; in year 2, we tagged 30 hatchery fish and 20 wild fish. All mortality we observed for hatchery fish (from both years) resulted from predation by fish and birds, and most occurred in the first 7 d after tagging. When compared directly with tagged wild fish (n = 20), tagged hatchery fish (n = 30) exhibited greater movement (75 and 124 m/d, respectively), greater proportion of locat...
Double G Western Wear

Frustrated by not being able to find a pair of red cowboy boots in her size, a Florida woman, who works as a bookkeeper, and her out-of-work husband decide to open their own business. Although the store manages to earn a small profit, early sales returns dampen the couple’s enthusiasm. Now they need to plan for the year ahead. Students are given a balance sheet and income statement for 2006, and are asked to prepare a forecasted balance sheet and income statement for 2007.
Single Sensor Blind Time-Frequency Activity Estimation of a Mixture of Radio Signals via CP Tensor Decomposition

We consider reception of non-persistently excitated radio signals that overlap in time and frequency from a group of transmitters to a single receiver. The signals can be categorized as using a linear modulation or a non-linear modulation that can be approximated as a finite sum of linearly modulated signals. An analysis of a particular slice of the fourth-order cumulant spectra (trispectra) of this signal mixture reveals that the structure of their combined trispectrum can be modeled as a 3-dimensional tensor formed by a sum of rank 1 tensors corresponding to the trispectra of the component signals which fits the Canonical Decomposition/Parallel Factors (CP) tensor model. We develop an algorithm to decompose the trispectrum tensor which allows us to blindly estimate the power spectra, activity (in time) sequences, and number of signals contributing to an approximation of nonlinear signals. We then simulate the algorithm to verify results and quantify performance.
Origin of Bonding between the SWCNT and the Fe3O4(001) Surface and the Enhanced Electrical Conductivity

Recent experiments have demonstrated that adding single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) to Fe3O4 nanoparticle electrodes leads to dramatically improved electrical conductivity and performance of Li ion batteries. Our density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the interactions between both pristine and B- or N-doped SWCNTs and the Fe3O4(001) surface are very weak. Although C vacancies in SWCNTs can lead to stronger chemical bonding between SWCNTs and Fe3O4(001) surfaces, the binding and electrical conductivity in this case are not ideal. Interestingly, we show that transition-metal (Fe, Ni) atoms or clusters facilitate the formation of strong chemical bonding between SWCNTs and Fe3O4(001) surfaces, providing excellent channels for electrons flowing between SWCNTs and Fe3O4(001) surfaces, which is essential for improving electrical conductivity of the mixed electrodes. The calculated electron conductance of the transition-metal-decorated system is improved by more than 2 orders of magnitude, in...
IRRATIONAL BELIEFS AND RESPONSE SETS

Ellis (2) proposed that emotional disturbances are primarily caused by the implicit assumption of certain irrational cognitions together with self-indoctrination. Diagnosed neurotics tend to endorse more of these irrational beliefs than do undiagnosed individuals (4). Also, there seems to be a greater likelihood of church-attending men (but not church-attending women) to acknowledge these beliefs than do those who are nonattenders (3). This church attendance-gender association with irrational ideas suggests that these irrational belief statements (when unlabeled as such) might be perceived as propositions with which agreement is seen as desirable. Sixty-four male and 95 female students enrolled in general psychology classes responded to the list of Ellis' irrational beliefs under two response sets: one set had the individual express his own opinion and the other set had him respond in a way "to make the most favorable impression." The mean number of irrational beliefs checked by men under the "own opinion" set was 2.97 (SD = 1.81) and that by women was 2.62 (SD = 1.60); gender differences in these means were nonsignificant (t~sr = 1.29). On the other hand, men checked more of these irrational ideas than did women when responding under the "favorable impression" set (CIS, = 3.12, < .01); the means were 5.14 (SD = 2.77) and 3.81 (SD = 2.53), respectively. Significantly more irrational beliefs were endorsed by both sexes under the "favorable impression" set; tlm = 6.18 (p < .001) for men and t~ss = 4.64 (p < .001) for women. People who endorsed more irrational beliefs on the "own opinion" set tended also to endorse more of these on the "favorable impression" set; r = .277 for men (df = 62, p < .05) and .340 for women (df = 93, p < .01). Apparently, these statemena designated by Ellis (2) as "irrational beliefs" have a strong positive valence as socially desirable opinions, possibly due to their definiteness. This may have in turn some implications for psychotherapy using a rational-emotive approach. Also, the gender differences under the "favorable impression" set may be a consequence of a perception held by many of the men chat making unequivocal statements reflecting their opinions or beliefs can further a favorable impression. Over-all sex differences in the social desirability motive do exist (1); these results suggest moreover that men and women may perceive somewhat different effects when one's opinions are used as devices for eliciting positive impressions. Alternatively, the sexes may in general have different perceptions regarding belief norm.
Why is ‘amount of substance’ so poorly understood? The mysterious Avogadro constant is the culprit!

The base quantity ‘amount of substance’ is poorly understood and the name and symbol usually avoided. This is because of its formal interpretation as the number of entities multiplied by the reciprocal of the mysterious Avogadro constant, N A. If X signifies the kind of entities involved, the number of entities in a sample, N(X), is easily comprehended, and if m av(X) is the sample-average entity mass, the total mass, m(X) = N(X)m av(X)—an aggregate of N(X) average entity masses—is also conceptually straightforward. However, the corresponding amount of substance, n(X) = N(X)(1/N A)—an aggregate of N(X) ‘reciprocal Avogadro constants’—is incomprehensible unless some physical meaning can be attached to 1/N A. By contrast, the base unit, mole, is thought of by chemists as an aggregate of a particular number of entities: mol = $$ {\mathcal N}_{\rm{Avo}} $$ ent, where $$ {\mathcal N}_{\rm{Avo}} $$ is the Avogadro number (equal to g/Da) and ent represents one entity. It makes sense, therefore, to interpret amount of substance as an aggregate of a general number of entities: n(X) = N(X) ent—an easily grasped concept. A ‘reciprocal Avogadro constant’ is thus seen to actually be exactly one entity. One mole then corresponds to setting N(X) = $$ {\mathcal N}_{\rm{Avo}} $$ , for which the total mass is the relative entity mass in grams—conforming to the original mole concept.
Hyperspectral Imaging of Glucose Uptake, Mitochondrial Membrane Potential, and Vascular Oxygenation Differentiates Breast Cancers with Distinct Metastatic Potential In Vivo

We performed in vivo hyperspectral imaging in a preclinical cancer model to capture key metabolic endpoints (glucose uptake, mitochondrial membrane potential, and vascular oxygenation) to successfully distinguish metastatic and non-metastatic tumors.
Computational models of hippocampal neurons

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the methods and their rationale, focusing on pyramidal neurons of the CA1 region of the hippocampus. It discusses the way the morphometric and neurophysiological properties can be combined and incorporated into compartmental models that enable efficient simulations. The chapter also describes the graphical display system, which is found to be essential for interpreting the results of the simulations. To create an electrotonic model, three electrical properties of the cell needs be specified: R m , the specific membrane resistivity; C m , the specific membrane capacitance; and R i , the specific resistivity of the cytoplasm. If these are assumed to be homogeneous throughout the neuron, and if one neglect the problem of a somatic shunt, then these three parameters, in conjunction with the morphology, uniquely determine the neuron's electrotonic structure. Field of computational neuroscience can be expected to furnish the theoretical glue that is needed to integrate and comprehend the explosion of experimental knowledge.
4.1 Sintering of Ceramics

This chapter discusses the basic principles of sintering and how they are applied practically to the production of ceramics with controlled microstructures. The objective of sintering studies is, therefore, commonly to understand how the processing variables such as temperature, particle size, applied pressure, particle packing, composition, and sintering atmosphere influence the microstructure that is produced. The four categories of sintering described are solid-state sintering, liquid-phase sintering, vitrification, and viscous sintering. Sintering of crystalline materials can occur by several mechanisms: vapor transport (evaporation/condensation), surface diffusion, lattice (volume) diffusion, grain boundary diffusion, and dislocation motion. Mathematical models have been developed to analyze the rate of matter transport along these paths. The models can be classified into three types: (a) analytical models (b) scaling laws, and (c) numerical models. The sintering behavior of real powders is considerably more complex than that assumed in the models; the sintering theory clearly indicates the key parameters that must be controlled to optimize sintering. The key factors are the particle size of the powder and the particle packing in the green body, but other characteristics, such as size distribution, shape, and structure of the particles, can also exert a significant influence.
An Extreme Application of Core Theory

A good way to test the theory of the core is to perform a thought experiment for an extreme case in order to see what the theory predicts. One may then judge the usefulness of the theory by seeing whether it is plausible to observe the predicted behavior. To this end consider the following situation.1)
Effects of Alcohols on Micro-Organisms

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the effects of alcohols on microorganisms. Alcohols are ubiquitous small molecules, which are produced both chemically and as products of microbial fermentation. Accumulation of alcohols in the microbial environment represents a form of environmental stress, analogous to extremes in pH value and temperature. The chapter discusses the action of ethanol and other alcohols on microorganisms, explains several important mechanisms of action. Alcohols have been employed for many years both as a disinfectant and as a preservative. Concentrations of ethanol above 15% result in immediate inactivation of most vegetative organisms, with spores being considerably more resistant. Low concentrations of ethanol also render bacteria more sensitive to inactivation by ionizing radiation and by lipophilic acids. The chapter concludes that the basic actions of alcohols on both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms share the same general principles. These effects appear to be dominated by the physicochemical properties of alcohols rather than involving specific receptors. All hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions in the cytosolic and envelope components of cells can potentially be affected. These include membranes, conformations of enzymes and macromolecules, activity coefficients of metabolites, permitivity, ionization potentials, pK values of functional groups, and pH value.
Mobile all-in-one malaria molecular diagnosis for field deployment in resource-limited areas

This paper presents a "sample-in-answer-out" molecular diagnostic system (AnyMDx) for blood-born malaria detection at the point of care, especially in resource-limiting settings. AnyMDx consists of a microfluidic reagent compact disk incorporating seamlessly integrated steps of DNA extraction, purification, elution, and amplification, as well as a mobile battery-powered analyzer. Low power thermal module and novel fluorescence sensing module are integrated into the analyzer for real-time monitoring of loop-mediated isothermal nucleic acid amplification (LAMP). The AnyMDx has an assay detection limit of ∼0.6 parasites/μL against blood P. falciparum parasites, much lower than conventional microscope-based method (∼50 parasites/μL) and immunoassay based RTD (∼100 parasites/μL). AnyMDx is fully automated and thus is easily accessible to non-specialist with minimal molecular training. The sample-to-answer turnaround time for AnyMDx is less than 40 minutes.
Investigation of non-thermal plasma effects on lung cancer cells within 3D collagen matrices

Recent breakthroughs in plasma medicine have identified a potential application for the non-thermal plasma in cancer therapy. Most studies on the effects of non-thermal plasma on cancer cells have used traditional two-dimensional (2D) monolayer cell culture. However, very few studies are conducted employing non-thermal plasma in animal models. Two dimensional models do not fully mimic the three-dimensional (3D) tumor microenvironment and animal models are expensive and time-consuming. Therefore, we used 3D collagen matrices that closely resemble the native geometry of cancer tissues and provide more physiologically relevant results than 2D models, while providing a more cost effective and efficient precursor to animal studies. We previously demonstrated a role for non-thermal plasma application in promoting apoptotic cell death and reducing the viability of A549 lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cells cultured upon 2D matrices. In this study, we wished to determine the efficacy of non-thermal plasma application in driving apoptotic cell death of A549 lung cancer cells encapsulated within a 3D collagen matrix. The percentage of apoptosis increased as treatment time increased and was time dependent. In addition, the anti-viability effect of plasma was demonstrated. Twenty-four hours post-plasma treatment, 38% and 99% of cell death occurred with shortest (15 s) and longest treatment time (120 s) respectively at the plasma-treated region. We found that plasma has a greater effect on the viability of A549 lung cancer cells on the superficial surface of 3D matrices and has diminishing effects as it penetrates the 3D matrix. We also identified the nitrogen and oxygen species generated by plasma and characterized their penetration in vertical and lateral directions within the 3D matrix from the center of the plasma-treated region. Therefore, the utility of non-thermal dielectric barrier discharge plasma in driving apoptosis and reducing the viability of lung cancer cells in 3D collagen matrix indicates a therapeutic potential that warrants further research.
The biology of prostate cancer metastases: does oligo differ from polymetastatic?

Purpose of review To examine the studies of prostate cancer biology, which evaluated oligometastatic and polymetastatic disease to identify data supporting differences between them. Recent findings Studies of tumor biology suggest that malignant cells of limited metastatic potential exist, which may explain the phenomenon of oligometastatic disease. Conversely, oligometastatic disease may represent earlier presentation of polymetastatic disease in a proportion of cases. Data suggest molecular differences between oligo and polymetastatic disease, although larger studies are required to validate these results. Micro RNA differences between oligo and polymetastatic disease appear especially intriguing, which may regulate gene expression and modulate metastatic potential. Summary Although metastatic prostate cancer is traditionally treated by systemic therapy alone, the concept of oligometastatic disease prompting ablative therapy of metastases is emerging. Better understanding of the molecular alterations driving oligometastatic disease may help tailor therapy for these patients, by helping discriminate between true oligometastatic disease and disease destined to progress to polymetastatic status.
Libro de Calixto y Melibea y de la puta vieja Celestina. (Sevilla, 1502). [Edición facsimilar, por Antonio Pérez Gómez]. Valencia, 1958; 65 hojas sin num. (La fonte que mana y corre).

Se reseno: Libro de Calixto y Melibea y de la puta vieja Celestina. (Sevilla, 1502). [Edicion facsimilar, por Antonio Perez Gomez].
Vertical Facial Excess

The etiology responsible for the morphologic designation of the long face is multifactorial and variable. The most common skeletal cause of vertical facial excess is vertical maxillary excess. This may or may not be seen in association with an anterior open bite. Less common causes of the long face are vertical ramus deficiency in the mandibular micrognathic individual and anterior vertical mandibular excess, which is frequently seen in association with mandibular prognathism. These etiologies may occur alone or in some combination. Because the etiologic spectrum is so variable, the overall facial morphology seen in the long-face patient is also quite variable. However, the common morphologic denominator found in all of these patients, regardless of etiology, is a quantitative increase in the vertical dimension of the lower face relative to the midface. This is quantitatively defined as the vertical dimension from subnasale to menton being in excess of the vertical dimension measured from subnasale to glabella, as demonstrated in Fig. 9-1.
Let’s Misbehave: Cell Phone Technology and Audience Behaviors

This chapter discusses the ways in which cell phone technology has impacted the behaviors of audiences within the context of live performances of musical theatre. It first provides a brief overview of the history of cell phone use in the United States before moving on to a series of case studies involving audience misbehavior facilitated by, and unique to, this technology. A fundamental tension is found between conceptions of community as imagined on musical theatre stages as opposed to those created by cell phone use.
The Construction of Residential Housing Price Indices: A Comparison of Repeat-Sales, Hedonic-Regression, and Hybrid Approaches

This article examines a number of hypotheses that underpin the repeat-sales and hedonic approaches to the construction of housing price indices, as well as the practical problems associated with the implementation of either approach. We also examine a hybrid procedure that combines elements of both the repeat-sales and hedonic-regression techniques. For our sample of individual home sales in Oakland and Fremont California over an 18-year period, repeat-sales methods are subject to sample selection bias; the maintained assumption of time constancy of implicit prices of housing attributes is violated; the repeat-sales estimator is extremely sensitive to influential observations; and the usual method used to correct for heteroskedasticity in repeat-sale housing returns is inappropriate in our sample. Hedonic techniques are better suited to contend with index number problems per se, as they can accommodate changing attribute prices over time. They also appear to give rise to more reliable estimates of price indices, as unusual observations have less effect on estimated price indices. Drawbacks of the hedonic approach include the usual concern with omitted attributes, and their effect on the estimated price index.
Targeting Female Reproductive Function during Follicular Maturation, Ovulation, and Fertilization: Critical Windows for Pharmaceutical or Toxicant Action

The final stages of follicular and oocyte maturation, ovulation, and fertilization take place during a narrow window of time, typically less than 24 h in rodents. These events, which are a prelude to normal embryonic development, can potentially be targeted by environmental contaminants or pharmaceuticals in a variety of ways, resulting in infertile reproductive cycles or developmental disorders in offspring. This chapter synthesizes experimental evidence, where available, for specific compounds targeting preovulatory follicles, the ovulatory process, or mature oocytes as they undergo fertilization in the oviduct, either directly or through disruption of key endocrine signaling pathways. We also point out biologically plausible sites and modes of potential toxicant-induced insult based upon studies with experimental chemicals. We hope this approach will stimulate further research focused on how acute toxicant exposure during brief but critical periods of oocyte development might derail these essential processes and place the female at risk for reproductive failure.
Conductivity Imaging in Plates Using Current Injection Tomography

The task of reconstructing an unknown distribution of electrical conductivity is widely recognized as a central theoretical problem in eddy-current nondestructive evaluation [1]. Rather than using an eddy-current method, we address this problem using DC injection of current into conductive materials. Experimental methods of the magnetic imaging of injected currents using high-resolution SQUID magnetometers have been described elsewhere [2]. In this paper we describe a tomographic method for using magnetically-imaged, injected currents to reconstruct distributions of electrical conductivity. Much of what we describe should also be applicable to data obtained using uniform colinear eddy currents induced by means of planar sheet inducers [4, 5].
The Mysterious “Split”: A Clinical Inquiry into Problems of Consciousness and Brain

Felix Deutsch, a pioneer in psychoanalysis and psychosomatic medicine, took for his title of another symposium a phrase of Freud’s: “The Mysterious Leap from the Mind to the Body.” My modification focuses, as did the conference as a whole, on the notion of bifurcation or splitting. It is further intended to suggest that many conceptual problems concerning consciousness and brain are sophisticated present-day heirs to the problems of mind and body.
Studies of the periovulatory interval in the in vitro perfused ovary.

The periovulatory interval refers to that period bracketed by the gonadotropin surge and the development of an effective corpus luteum (Fig. 1). Events taking place within its limits include: growth of the preovulatory follicle and its contents, meiotic maturation and cytoplasmic changes in the oocyte necessary for fertilization and early embryonic development, ovulation (follicle wall disruption), and transformation of the ruptured follicle into a corpus luteum. To maximize the probability of conception, ovulation must be synchronized with oocyte meiotic and cytoplasmic maturation and the postovulatory follicle must then undergo rapid transformation to a corpus luteum. An effective corpus luteum produces sufficient progesterone to ensure the implantation of a conceptus and maintenance of a pregnancy. The maturational status of the oocyte and its embryonic potential, as well as establishment and ultimate function of the corpus luteum, are dependent upon the quality of antecedent follicular development. Local events within the ovary during the periovulatory interval influence: (1) the occurrence and timing of follicle wall disruption; (2) the maturational status of the oocyte and its embryonic potential; and (3) the establishment of an effective corpus luteum.
Anomaly Detection in Liquid Pipelines Using Modeling, Co-Simulation and Dynamical Estimation

Historically, supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems have relied on obscurity to safeguard against attacks. Indeed, external attackers lacked knowledge about proprietary system designs and software to access systems and execute attacks. The trend to interconnect to the Internet and incorporate standardized protocols, however, has resulted in an increase in the attack surface – attackers can now target SCADA systems and proceed to impact the physical systems they control. Dynamical estimation can be used to identify anomalies and attempts to maliciously affect controlled physical systems. This paper describes an intrusion detection method based on the dynamical estimation of systems. A generic water pipeline system is modeled using state space equations, and a discrete-time Kalman filter is used to estimate operational characteristics for anomaly-based intrusion detection. The effectiveness of the method is evaluated against deception attacks that target the water pipeline system. A co-simulation that integrates computational fluid dynamics software and MATLAB/Simulink is employed to simulate attacks and develop detection schemes.
Probabilistic search algorithms for robust stability analysis and their complexity properties

In this paper, we consider several robust control analysis and design problems. As has become well known over the last few years, most of these problems are NP hard. We show that if instead of worst-case guaranteed conclusions, one is willing to draw conclusions with a high degree of confidence, then the computational complexity decreases dramatically.
Investigation of the defect in a variant of hereditary methemoglobinemia.

1. Further evidence has been presented to confirm the fact that the methemoglobin found in a new variant of hereditary methemoglobinemia was normal methemoglobin. 2. The reduced glutathione content of the red cells of this variant was less than 50 per cent of normal. 3. The total glutathione and oxidized glutathione were proportionally deficient. 4. The low glutathione content did not result from abnormal degradation nor lack of adequate reducing mechanisms. The primary defect was considered to be one of inadequate glutathione synthesis. 5. Various enzymes were assayed, including the following: glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, lactic acid dehydrogenase, triosephosphate dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase-glutathione reductase (coupled system) and catalase. 6. This variant of methemoglobinemia was considered to result from inadequate synthesis of glutathione. The deficiency of this essential co-factor apparently results in an impairment of triosephosphate dehydrogenase activity and consequently insufficient reduction of DPN, an essential component of the DPNH-dependent methemoglobin reductase.
High Linearity 57–66 GHz SiGe Receiver for Outdoor Point-to-Point Communication

Fully integrated receiver in a superhetrodyne architecture covering the entire 60 GHz frequency range (57–66 GHz) was designed and fabricated in 0.12 μm SiGe technology. The receiver chip includes an image-reject low-noise amplifier (LNA), RF-to-IF mixer, RF variable attenuator, IF variable gain amplifier, quadrature IF-to-baseband de-modulators, tunable baseband filter, phase-locked loop (PLL), and x3 frequency multiplier. The receiver chip achieve maximum gain of 65 dB, 5 dB minimum noise figure, better than 2 dBm IIP3 at high linearity mode, with >75 dB dynamic range, and consumes 630 mW.
Competitive pressure, innovation and trade protection: Evidence from US patent data

Recent theoretical models have suggested that the relationship between competition and innovation may best be characterized as an inverted‐U shape: firms in industries with low levels of competition are more likely to innovate in the wake of increased competition as they attempt to escape competition, while those in highly competitive industries will decrease innovation in the wake of increased competition as the profit incentive to innovate dissipates. Results from other studies have found positive as well as negative relationships between innovation and competition. In a parallel literature, trade economists have produced conflicting results regarding the impact of trade liberalization on innovation. One stream of research has shown that increased access to imported intermediate goods increases productivity, suggesting a positive relationship between imports and innovation. Others have hypothesized that firms may use the technology embodied in intermediate inputs as a substitute for domestic innovation. In this paper, we merge these divergent literatures and investigate whether innovation, as measured by the production of patents by US manufacturers, has been impacted by market competition and tariff reductions. Our empirical findings indicate that insulation from imports in the form of higher tariffs on final goods was associated with innovation until the late 1980s, while falling tariffs on intermediate goods appears to have facilitated innovation during the 1990s. We also find evidence of the inverted u‐shaped relationship between market competition and innovation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
A product life cycle ontology for additive manufacturing

Abstract The manufacturing industry is evolving rapidly, becoming more complex, more interconnected, and more geographically distributed. Competitive pressure and diversity of consumer demand are driving manufacturing companies to rely more and more on improved knowledge management practices. As a result, multiple software systems are being created to support the integration of data across the product life cycle. Unfortunately, these systems manifest a low degree of interoperability, and this creates problems, for instance when different enterprises or different branches of an enterprise interact. Common ontologies (consensus-based controlled vocabularies) have proved themselves in various domains as a valuable tool for solving such problems. In this paper, we present a consensus-based Additive Manufacturing Ontology (AMO) and illustrate its application in promoting re-usability in the field of dentistry product manufacturing.
Finding the Horizon: Education Administration Students Paint a Landscape of Cultural Diversity in Schools.

A landscape painting metaphor was used to report the implications of this study of 33 graduate students preparing to become elementary and secondary school administrators who kept personal journals...
Abstract B148: Microvilli enable efficient T-cell antigen search and ligand detection

During antigen detection, T-cells survey the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which may display mainly nonstimulatory peptide-loaded major histocompatibility complexes (pMHCs) and only rare cognate antigen in a process involving close (nanometer-scale) membrane apposition. Thus, T-cell must solve a classic trade-off between speed and sensitivity. It has long been supposed that microvilli on T-cells act as sensory organs to enable search, but their strategy has been unknown. We used lattice light-sheet microscopy and quantum dot-enabled synaptic contact mapping microscopy to show how microvilli on the surface of T-cells search opposing cells and surfaces before and during antigen recognition. We uncovered that microvilli on T-cell surfaces dynamically survey the majority of opposing surfaces within one minute through anomalous diffusion. T-cell receptor (TCR) recognition resulted in selective stabilization of receptor-occupied protrusions, which was independent of tyrosine kinase signaling and the actin cytoskeleton. We revealed that TCRs on activated T-cells were nonuniformly distributed on cell membrane: some TCRs were concentrated on microvilli, while other TCRs formed high-density patches on flatter membrane regions. Many microvilli were TCR-occupied, but a small population of microvilli were found not occupied by TCRs. TCR high-density patches moved relative to microvilli. During T-cell-APC interaction, we observed T-cell microvilli projected deep into 3D pockets formed by veil structures on the surface of dendritic cells (DC), and DC membrane also conformed to accommodate T-cell microvilli, which increased the effective close-contact area between T-cell and APC. Such scanning pattern enabled T-cells to efficiently scan more APC surface in given time. This work defines the efficienT-cellular search process against which ligand detection takes place in T-cells. Citation Format: En Cai, Kyle Marchuk, Casey Beppler, Matthew Krummel. Microvilli enable efficient T-cell antigen search and ligand detection [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; Sept 30-Oct 3, 2018; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2019;7(2 Suppl):Abstract nr B148.
Abstract P4-10-01: Association of bilateral oophorectomy with sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in a diverse, nationally representative sample of U.S. women

Background: Sarcopenia (low muscle mass) and sarcopenic obesity (SO; low muscle mass with high body fat) have been linked to physical disability, poor quality of life, and mortality in older adults. We have previously demonstrated an association between early bilateral oophorectomy and increased body fat. Studies have also indicated that declines in circulating levels of estrogen and dehydroepiandrosterone during natural menopause are associated with loss of muscle mass. Therefore, we sought to evaluate the association between bilateral oophorectomy, sarcopenia, and SO among cancer-free women in the general population. We hypothesized that an abrupt decline in estrogen due to surgical menopause would be associated with sarcopenia and SO. Methods: The study population included cancer-free women aged 35-70 years who underwent whole body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans as part of the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2006 (N=3,764). Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for sarcopenia and SO among women who had previously undergone hysterectomy and bilateral oophorectomy (n=552) compared to women with intact uterus and ovaries (n=3,212). Models accounted for complex survey design and were adjusted for age, race, education, weight at DXA scan, weight at age 25, physical activity, smoking, alcohol use, oral contraceptive use, and parity. Results: The median age at DXA scan was 48 years (interquartile range, 41-56 years) and the median time since oophorectomy was 12 years (5-21 years). About 72.7% of women were non-Hispanic white, 10.8% were non-Hispanic black, 5.8% were Mexican American, and 10.7% other. Women who underwent oophorectomy had two-fold higher odds of sarcopenia (OR, 1.81 [95% CI, 1.12-2.95]) and SO (1.95 [1.17-3.25]) as compared to women with intact uterus and ovaries. The effect was stronger among women who underwent oophorectomy at age p interaction =0.031, SO: p interaction =0.045). Of note, even women with normal BMI (18.5-24.9 kg/m 2 ) at DXA scan who underwent oophorectomy at age Conclusion: Women who undergo oophorectomy at a young age have an elevated risk of sarcopenia and SO even while maintaining normal weight. This novel finding, if confirmed in prospective studies, suggests that monitoring young women undergoing oophorectomy for sarcopenia and SO may improve long-term health outcomes. Citation Format: Karia PS, Joshu CE, Visvanathan K. Association of bilateral oophorectomy with sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in a diverse, nationally representative sample of U.S. women [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-10-01.
Value Orientation Differences in an Urban School and Their Implications for the Amelioration of Conflict in the Classroom

This paper has a double purpose. First, it reports and analyzes the findings of a study which examined value orientation differences between Puerto Rican and Anglo American junior high school stude...
Muscle injury promotes heterotopic ossification by stimulating local bone morphogenetic protein-7 production

Abstract Background Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a pathological condition of abnormal bone formation in soft tissue, which causes pain and restricted range of motion in patients. There are two broad categories of HO, hereditary and acquired. Although different types of HO do not use identical mechanistic pathways of pathogenesis, muscle injury appears to be a unifying feature for all types of HO. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which muscle injury facilitates HO formation. Objective and method This study aimed to explore the cellular and molecular mechanisms linking muscle injury to HO by using cardiotoxin to induce muscle injury in a bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2)–induced HO mouse model. Results We found that muscle injury augmented HO formation and that this effect was correlated with BMP signalling activation and upregulation of BMP-7 expression at the early phase of HO progression. We further demonstrated that inhibition of BMP-7 activity in vitro suppressed the osteogenesis-promoting effect of conditioned medium derived from injured muscle tissue and in vivo reduced the volume of HO formation. We also showed that antiinflammatory drug treatment reduced the volume of HO with concomitant reduction in BMP-7 production. Conclusion In summary, our study has identified BMP-7 as a key osteoinductive factor in injured muscle that facilitates HO formation. The translational potential of this article Our results provide a candidate mechanistic rationale for the use of antiinflammatory drugs in the prevention of HO.
Molecular Mechanisms of Adipose Tissue Survival during Severe Hypoxia: Implications for Autologous Fat Graft Performance.

Background Variable retention outcomes remain a significant issue in autologous fat grafting procedures. Among seemingly similar patients, using identical harvesting procedures, variability in graft retention is noted. Recent data suggest that the inherent characteristics of donor adipose tissue dictate graft healing outcomes. The goal of this study was to elucidate intrinsic qualities of human adipose tissue that confer resistance to ischemic stress to therapeutically target such mechanisms and improve overall results of fat grafts. Methods Whole fat from 5 female patients was cultured in vitro under severe (1% O2) and mild (8% O2) hypoxic conditions. Microarray analysis of 44 hypoxia-related genes was performed. Perilipin was used to visualize viable adipocytes. Macrophage phenotypes were identified using PCR. Results Analysis of adipocyte survival with perilipin suggested improved viability for tissue obtained from high BMI donors. Microarray data revealed a significant positive correlation for induced expression of ANGPTL4, a survival gene, and subject BMI (P = 0.0313) during hypoxic conditions whereas HIF1α and HIF2α genes were negatively correlated with donor BMI (P = 0.0003 and 0.0303). Interestingly, induced differentiation of proinflammatory M1 macrophages was negatively correlated with BMI under hypoxia (P = 0.0177). Conclusions The innate resilience of adipocytes to hypoxia and relative macrophage activation play a crucial role in fat graft retention. This study suggests that adipose tissue from high BMI donors demonstrates greater resistance to hypoxia-induced apoptosis associated with an increased expression of ANGPTL4. Therefore, therapeutic interventions that target this factor may improve clinical adipose graft survival.
Changes in emergence phenology, fatty acid composition, and xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme expression is associated with increased insecticide resistance in the Colorado potato beetle.

The Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) is a major agricultural pest of solanaceous crops. An effective management strategy employed by agricultural producers to control this pest species is the use of systemic insecticides. Recent emphasis has been placed on the use of neonicotinoid insecticides. Despite efforts to curb resistance development through integrated pest management approaches, resistance to neonicotinoids in L. decemlineata populations continues to increase. One contributing factor may be alterations in insect fatty acids, which have multiple metabolic functions and are associated with the synthesis of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes to mitigate the effects of insecticide exposure. In this study, we analyzed the fatty acid composition of L. decemlineata populations collected from an organic production field and from a commercially managed field to determine if fatty acid composition varied between the two populations. We demonstrate that a population of L. decemlineata that has a history of systemic neonicotinoid exposure (commercially managed) has a different lipid composition and differential expression of known metabolic detoxification mechanisms relative to a population that has not been exposed to neonicotinoids (organically managed). The fatty acid data indicated an upregulation of Δ6 desaturase in the commercially managed L. decemlineata population and suggest a role for eicosanoids and associated metabolic enzymes as potential modulators of insecticide resistance. We further observed a pattern of delayed emergence within the commercially managed population compared with the organically managed population. Variations in emergence timing together with specific fatty acid regulation may significantly influence the capacity of L. decemlineata to develop insecticide resistance.
FLAMBEMENT THERMIQUE DES COQUES CYLINDRIQUES CIRCULAIRES à PAROIS MINCES

RESUME Le flambement thermique des coques cylindriques circulaires A parois minces est etudie dans les trois sections principales de cet article. Dans la premiere section la possibilite du flambement est examinee sous l'action d'un gradient de temperature a travers la paroi. La seconde section traite du flambement provoque par un gradient axial et la troisieme s'occupe du flambement cause par un gradient azimutal. Les theories sont comparees aux resultats des experiences.
Zu klein bei Geburt (SGA)

Ein Neugeborenes wird als „SGA“ („small for gestational age“) definiert, wenn es mit Geburtslange und/oder Geburtsgewicht mehr als 2 Standardabweichungen unter dem auf das Gestationsalter bezogenen Durchschnitt liegt. Die Mehrheit der SGA-Neugeborenen zeigt ein rasches Aufholwachstum. Ungefahr 10% dieser Kinder bleiben mit ihrer Endgrose ca. 1,7 Standardabweichungen unter ihrer genetischen Zielgrose. Neben dem Kleinwuchs haben SGA-Kinder im Alter ein erhohtes Risiko fur das metabolische Syndrom. Durch eine Behandlung mit Wachstumshormon lasst sich ein rasches Aufholwachstum induzieren. Dieses ist signifikant dosisabhangig und bei jungeren Kindern besonders effektiv. Die Mehrheit normalisiert innerhalb von 2–3 Jahren die Korperhohe. Neue Ergebnisse zeigen, dass durch kontinuierliche Behandlung die Endgrose in den Normalbereich fur die Familie gebracht werden kann. Diese Behandlung ist seit 2003 von den europaischen Zulassungsbehorden anerkannt, in Deutschland kann sie seit September auf Rezept durchgefuhrt werden. Es wird empfohlen, den Insulin-/Glukosestoffwechsel zu uberwachen und regelmasig IGF-I zu messen. Nach den bestehenden Empfehlungen konnen SGA-Kinder mit WH behandelt werden, wenn sie mindestens 4 Jahre alt sind, kein Aufholwachstum zeigen und ihre Grose mehr als 2,5 Standardabweichungen unter der Norm liegt.