cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Perspectives on Teaching the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health Model to Physical Therapy Students.

Background During a reaccreditation visit, deficiencies were discovered in the clinical education curriculum regarding patient-centered care in a Doctorate of Physical Therapy program. To understand the problem and address those deficiencies, the clinical internship experience was examined using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) model as a conceptual framework for clinical reasoning. Objective This qualitative case study aimed to study (1) perceptions of physical therapy (PT) students regarding their knowledge and learning experiences during clinical affiliations and what knowledge they acquired of the ICF as applied to patient-centered care during their internship, and (2) the perceptions of clinical instructors (CIs) of their knowledge of the ICF model, its integration into their practice, barriers to its use, and the learning experiences the CIs provided to students regarding the ICF model. Methods Data were collected using questionnaires sent to 42 CIs and at focus groups of 22 PT students conducted at the study site. Data were also collected from student evaluations on the Clinical Performance Instrument. Data were analyzed using coding techniques and themes based on the use of the ICF model in the clinical setting by students and CIs. Results Most CIs reported a poor understanding of the ICF model or how it relates to patient-centered care; both CIs and students reported none to minimal learning experience related to the ICF model. Document analysis of the student evaluations revealed no assessment of the ICF model was mentioned. Conclusion Learning experiences of all domains of the ICF model are generally not being presented to PT students during their clinical affiliations.
Anti-biofilm Activity of Solvent-Cast and Electrospun Polyhydroxyalkanoate Membranes Treated with Lysozyme

Biofilms consist of groups of microorganisms that adhere to surfaces, such as wound and implant surfaces, making it difficult to prevent or remove their formation by antibiotic treatment, due to the innate resistance of the biofilm. Effective treatments of medical biofilms are limited. Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is a biodegradable and biocompatible polymer that is a suitable alternative to petroleum based polymers for use as a raw material for medical applications. In this study, membranes of the copolymer poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) [P(HB-co-HHx)] containing different HHx monomer contents were used due to its porosity and flexibility, and different sheets were prepared by solvent-casting and electrospinning methods. The sheets were loaded with lysozyme in order to measure the maximum amount of protein adsorption and to examine the ability of immobilized enzyme to inhibit biofilm formation and detach previously established biofilms. Our results have shown maximum loading of 16.1 µg enzyme per 9.5 mm3 discs, and these sheets are effective for inhibiting biofilm formation. Also, lysozyme loaded, eletrospun sheets were observed to more effectively inhibit biofilm formation, as compared to solvent-cast sheets. Based on this study, P(HB-co-HHx) sheets are a suitable material for being used as a potential raw material for fabrication of wound dressings to be used in anti-biofilm treatments.
The Cape Breton Fiddle Companion by Liz Doherty: (2015). Sydney, Nova Scotia: Cape Breton University Press. 456 pp., $27.95. ISBN 978-1-77206-024-9 (paperback)

If you come to Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, via the South Arm of Sydney Harbour, you can’t miss the Fidheal Mhor a’ Ceilidh. The Big Fiddle was built in 2005; it stands nearly five stories high and we...
Author's Response: One Should Not Dismiss Our Findings as "Just Statistics".

Dr Boyce’s group criticizes our study as biased on “confounding by indication” and states that therefore results should be dismissed. Because 41.5% of the otherwise healthy infants born at 29- to 32-weeks’ gestation in our population received ≥1 doses of palivizumab, a very large proportion of this population is represented. To decrease risk of confounding by indication, we carefully excluded infants who had claims suggesting a significant chronic illness that could affect risk for severe RSV disease. The full list of exclusion criteria was published in the Supplemental Materials. To reduce variation by socioeconomic status, our data set was restricted to a Medicaid-insured population. Variation by age group at start of RSV season was accounted for in our multivariate analyses. Furthermore, in the 29- to 32-week age group this variation was small, with only a 17-day difference in mean age between those who received ≥1 palivizumab doses and … E-mail: hjfarber{at}texaschildrens.org
A data fusion approach for track monitoring from multiple in-service trains

Abstract We present a data fusion approach for enabling data-driven rail-infrastructure monitoring from multiple in-service trains. A number of researchers have proposed using vibration data collected from in-service trains as a low-cost method to monitor track geometry. The majority of this work has focused on developing novel features to extract information about the tracks from data produced by individual sensors on individual trains. We extend this work by presenting a technique to combine extracted features from multiple passes over the tracks from multiple sensors aboard multiple vehicles. There are a number of challenges in combining multiple data sources, like different relative position coordinates depending on the location of the sensor within the train. Furthermore, as the number of sensors increases, the likelihood that some will malfunction also increases. We use a two-step approach that first minimizes position offset errors through data alignment, then fuses the data with a novel adaptive Kalman filter that weights data according to its estimated reliability. We show the efficacy of this approach both through simulations and on a data-set collected from two instrumented trains operating over a one-year period. Combining data from numerous in-service trains allows for more continuous and more reliable data-driven monitoring than analyzing data from any one train alone; as the number of instrumented trains increases, the proposed fusion approach could facilitate track monitoring of entire rail-networks.
Propagation of a Strong Shock Over a Random Bed of Spherical Particles

Propagation of a strong incident shock through a bed of particles results in complex wave dynamics such as a reflected shock, a transmitted shock, and highly unsteady flow inside the particle bed. In this paper we present three-dimensional numerical simulations of shock propagation in air over a random bed of particles. We assume the flow is inviscid and governed by the Euler equations of gas dynamics. Simulations are carried out by varying the volume fraction of the particle bed at a fixed shock Mach number. We compute the unsteady inviscid streamwise and transverse drag coefficients as a function of time for each particle in the random bed for different volume fractions. We show that (i) there are significant variations in the peak drag for the particles in the bed, (ii) the mean peak drag as a function of streamwise distance through the bed decreases with a slope that increases as the volume fraction increases, and (iii) the deviation from the mean peak drag does not correlate with local volume fraction. We also present the local Mach number and pressure contours for the different volume fractions to explain the various observed complex physical mechanisms occurring during the shock–particle interactions. Since the shock interaction with the random bed of particles leads to transmitted and reflected waves, we compute the average flow properties to characterize the strength of the transmitted and reflected shock waves and quantify the energy dissipation inside the particle bed. Finally, to better understand the complex wave dynamics in a random bed, we consider a simpler approximation of a planar shock propagating in a duct with a sudden area change. We obtain Riemann solutions to this problem, which are used to compare with fully resolved numerical simulations.
Problem Generation and Innovation

Abstract: Most of the literature on innovation concerns fostering better solutions to existing problems. Many innovators in the sciences and engineering argue, however, that problem generation is far more critical to innovation than problem solution, involving not just a thorough grasp of what is known (epistemology), but of what is not known (nepistemology). The proper definition of a problem gets an innovator more than half way to its solution; poorly posed questions divert energy, resources, and ideas. This chapter explores how problem definition and evaluation act as catalysts for insight and examines strategies used by successful innovators to generate productive problems.
Phi (ϕ)X174, Genetics of

Due to its atypical characteristics, the study of bacteriophage (φ)X174, a member of the Microviridae , has had a profound influence on all biological subfields, from genetics to structural biology. Its single-stranded DNA genome challenged early biochemical conventions regarding nucleic acids. The virus also appeared to encode more proteins than could be accommodated by its genome, which like all genomes, was assumed to be organized into discrete, linear arrangement of genes. However, the genome sequence, which was the first to be determined, revealed genes within genes, or overlapping reading frames. The biophysical nature and functions of the proteins encoded in the overlapping reading frames explains their placement within these regions, providing insights into genome evolution. Although single-stranded DNA replication pathways are complex, the (φ)X174 pathway has been completely reconstituted in vitro. The results of genetic analyses have elucidated the morphogenetic pathway, revealing at least seven defined assembly intermediates. Due to its very rapid replication cycle, (φ)X174 has recently become a powerful system for experimental evolution. Since the atomic structures of the virion, procapsid assembly intermediate, and the DNA translocating conduit have been determined, (φ)X174 is one of the few organisms in which the genetics of morphogenesis, DNA translocation, and evolution can be interpreted within a structural and biochemical context.
Reliability comparison of fault-tolerant HVDC based modular multilevel converters

The reliability of Modular Multilevel Converters (MMC) is a significant issue as a large number of semiconductor devices are equipped with each converter. Failure of one switching device in the converter may lead to shut-down of the entire system The fault-tolerant design approach can dominate faults and improve the system safety and reliability. In this paper, the reliability analysis is performed to compare the reliability performance of the half-bridge (HB) and the high-frequency isolation (HFI) based MMC converters. The N+1 redundancy designs are presented and assessed using Markov reliability model. A comparative evaluation of the HB-MMC and HFI-MMC topologies shows that the reliability of HB-MMC converter is much higher than that of the HFI-MMC converter.
Justice, subalternism, and literary justice: Aravind Adiga’s The White Tiger:

This article analyses Aravind Adiga’s Booker prize-winning novel The White Tiger (2008) through the lens of justice: philosophical, legal, and literary. What is justice when its agent is subaltern ...
Revision Microvascular Decompression for Trigeminal Neuralgia and Hemifacial Spasm: Factors Associated with Surgical Failure

Objective To investigate risk factors for symptom recurrence in patients requiring a revision microvascular decompression (MVD) for trigeminal neuralgia (TN) or hemifacial spasm (HFS). Design Retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database. Participants Seventeen consecutive patients undergoing revision MVD at our institution between January 1993 and September 2017. Main Outcome Measures The incidence and causes for revision MVDs were recorded. Response to revision MVD for TN was tracked using the Barrow Neurological Institute (BNI) grading scale. Response to revision MVD for HFS was graded as “no improvement,” “some relief,” or “complete resolution” of symptoms. Results Revision MVD rate for the senior author across all MVDs performed in this period was 1.9% for TN and 9.3% for HFS. Initial MVD failure was primarily caused by active inflammation and/or scarring and adhesions in 5/17 patients, malposition/slippage of Teflon in 3/17 patients, and insufficient Teflon in 1/17 patients. Without other factors, a new site of neurovascular conflict was identified in 4/17 patients, while the same site of neurovascular conflict was found in 3/17 patients. No cause could be identified in 1/17 patients. Scarring was found primarily in the TN group and was associated with symptom persistence. Conclusion Revision MVD for recurrent TN and HFS is an effective procedure offering the prospect of a complete cure. Proper Teflon use is crucial for surgical success. Scarring after initial MVD is a negative prognostic factor requiring destructive treatment consideration. Although morbidity rates were slightly increased with revision versus original MVDs, the complications were non-disabling and resolved over time.
Biopolitica e persona

La Dichiarazione universale dei Diritti dell’uomo del 1948 dell’ ONU ha posto in termini politici, e non soltanto filosofici o religiosi, al centro stesso della logica della cittadinanza l’affermazione della dignita umana e della liberta come qualita innate e non acquisite. Affermare che tutti gli uomini nascono liberi ed eguali in dignita significa affermare di fatto che la dignita e un attributo ontologico, una qualita intrinseca (e quindi inalienabile) dell’essere umano, al di la di differenze di sesso, di salute, di stato sociale. L’uso della nozione di persona come sinonimo delle qualita dell’adulto rischia di frantumare questo guadagno della politica. La biopolitica liberale rischia di essere fonte di discriminazioni tra gli uomini quando adotta un concetto di persona distinto da quello di essere umano. In essa rivive il dualismo antropologico proprio del platonismo. Le tesi di Hannah Arendt, di Eva Kittay e di Martha Nussabaum ci permettono di evidenziare i caratteri della persona umana sia come soggetto sia come essere corporeo diveniente nel tempo, secondo quell’intuizione che fu propria di Tommaso d’Aquino. Se si torna a pensare alla persona umana come essere umano diveniente nel tempo, e possibile salvaguardare i diritti di tutti e in particolare difendere quelle fasi della vita umana in cui la persona umana e esposta, per le fasi dello sviluppo o per la malattia, alla dipendenza. Solo cosi si puo pensare ad una giustizia che includa tutti e tutte le fasi dell’esistenza, anche quelle segnate dalla disabilita. ---------- The United Nations Universal declaration of human rights (1948) has centred the assertion of human dignity and freedom as innate (not acquired) qualities in the logic of citizenship itself; this claim has been made not only in philosophical and religious terms, but also in political terms. Affirming that all men born free and equal for what concerns their dignity means to affirm actually that dignity is an ontological attribute, an intrinsic quality (and therefore inalienable) of the human being, beyond sex, health and social standing differences. The use of the notion of person as synonym of the qualities of adult risks to crush this gain of politics. The liberal biopolitics risks to be a source of discriminations among men when it adopts a concept of person different from that of human being. According to this view, the anthropological dualism peculiar to the Platonism lives again. Hannah Arendt, Evas Kittay and Martha Nussabaum’s thesis allow us to underline the human person characteristics as both subject and bodily being, according to the Thomas Aquinas’ intuition. If we think again human person as human being, it is possible to safeguard the everybody rights and particularly to defend those phases of human life in which human person is exposed, for the phases of the development or for the illness, to the dependence. Only in this way justice could be thought including all and all the phases of the existence, also those marked by disability.
STOPPING "HOW" FROM DRIVING "WHAT ": ADVICE ON AVOIDING MEASUREMENT ITEM MIS -SPECIFICATION

The recent debate on measurement item mis-specification has renewed interest in the construct explication process; however, the focus of this debate has been the interaction between latent variables and their measures (“how”), instead of between latent variables and the constructs they represent (“what”). This paper highlights the problems created when framing the formativereflective discussion in terms of “how” instead of “what.” We argue it is necessary to precede measurement item construction (or appropriation) with careful construct definition and operationalization by focusing first on what is being measured, rather than on how it will be measured. Two solutions for better understanding measurement item construction are proposed: 1) carefully defining assumptions and boundary conditions of a construct in its theoretical context , and 2) carefully defining assumptions and boundary conditions of a latent variable in its measurement context . Recommendations regarding correct interpretation of the measurement process by authors, reviewers, and editors are offered.
Solution-processed Nanocrystal Based Thin Films as Hole Transport Materials in Cadmium Telluride Photovoltaics

The cadmium telluride (CdTe) photovoltaic (PV) comprise an efficient and cost-effective technology for harvesting solar energy. However, device efficiency remains limited in part by low-open circuit voltage (VOC) and fill factor (FF) due to inefficient transport of photo-generated charge carriers. Given the deep valence band of CdTe, the use of copper/gold (Cu/Au) as a back contact serves primarily to narrow the width of the inherent Schottky junction evident in CdTe solar cells (in our laboratory, Cu/Au has been used as a standard back contact). For efficient transport of carriers to and into the back contact, a hole transport layer (HTL) is desired with valence band edge comparable to that of CdTe (∼ -5.9 eV). Here, we report solution-processed nanocrystal (NCs) based thin films as HTLs in CdTe solar cells. The earth abundant materials we discuss include iron pyrite (FeS2), nickel-alloyed iron pyrite (NixFe1-xS2), zinc copper sulfide (ZnxCu1-xS) nanocomposites, and perovskite-based films. The FeS2 and NixFe1-xS2 NCs are synthesized by a hot-injection route, and thin films are fabricated by drop-casting, and spin-coating techniques using colloidal NCs. ZnxCu1-xS thin films are fabricated by chemical bath deposition. These NC-based thin films are applied and studied as the HTLs in CdTe devices. On using these materials, the device performance can be increased up to 10% compared to the standard Cu/Au back contact. Here, we discuss the benefits, challenges, and opportunities for these back contact materials in CdTe photovoltaics.
Spontaneous Neural Activity in the Superior Temporal Gyrus Recapitulates Tuning for Speech Features

Background: Numerous studies have demonstrated that individuals exhibit structured neural activity in many brain regions during rest that is also observed during different tasks, however it is still not clear whether and how resting state activity patterns may relate to underlying tuning for specific stimuli. In the posterior superior temporal gyrus (STG), distinct neural activity patterns are observed during the perception of specific linguistic speech features. We hypothesized that spontaneous resting-state neural dynamics of the STG would be structured to reflect its role in speech perception, exhibiting an organization along speech features as seen during speech perception. Methods: Human cortical local field potentials were recorded from the superior temporal gyrus (STG) in 8 patients undergoing surgical treatment of epilepsy. Signals were recorded during speech perception and rest. Patterns of neural activity (high gamma power: 70-150 Hz) during rest, extracted with spatiotemporal principal component analysis, were compared to spatiotemporal neural responses to speech features during perception. Hierarchical clustering was applied to look for patterns in rest that corresponded to speech feature tuning. Results: Significant correlations were found between neural responses to speech features (sentence onsets, consonants, and vowels) and the spontaneous neural activity in the STG. Across subjects, these correlations clustered into five groups, demonstrating tuning for speech features-most robustly for acoustic onsets. These correlations were not seen in other brain areas, or during motor and spectrally-rotated speech control tasks. Conclusions: In this study, we present evidence that the RS structure of STG activity robustly recapitulates its stimulus-evoked response to acoustic onsets. Further, secondary patterns in RS activity appear to correlate with stimulus-evoked responses to speech features. The role of these spontaneous spatiotemporal activity patterns remains to be elucidated.
Sex differences in the rapid cell signaling mechanisms underlying the memory-enhancing effects of 17β-estradiol

Little is known about how 17β-estradiol (E2) mediates memory formation in males. In ovariectomized (OVX) mice, bilateral dorsal hippocampal (DH) infusion of E2 enhances memory consolidation in object recognition (OR) and object placement (OP) tasks in a manner dependent on activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Akt signaling. Here, bilateral DH E2 infusion enhanced memory consolidation in both tasks among OVX female, gonadally-intact male, and castrated male mice, suggesting comparable facilitation of memory consolidation in both sexes, independent of testicular hormones in males. Contrary to previous reports in OVX mice, E2 did not increase DH ERK or Akt phosphorylation in males, nor did the ERK inhibitor U0126 [1,4-diamino-2,3-dicyano-1,4-bis (o-aminophenylmercapto) butadiene] prevent E2 from enhancing memory consolidation among intact and castrated males. These data suggest that ERK activation is not necessary for E2 to enhance memory consolidation in males, and compared with previous reports in females, reveal novel sex differences in the cell-signaling pathways through which E2 facilitates memory consolidation. To explore the mechanisms underlying E2-induced memory enhancements in males, phosphorylation of the transcription factor cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) in the DH was assessed. E2 increased phospho-CREB levels in both sexes, yet U0126 did not block these increases in castrated or intact males, indicating that E2 regulates CREB phosphorylation in males via an ERK-independent mechanism. Collectively, these findings suggest that the beneficial effects of hippocampal E2 on memory consolidation in males and females are mediated by different molecular mechanisms, which has important implications for the development of treatments to reduce memory dysfunction in men and women.
The Aftermath of Tougher Immigration Enforcement: E-Verify and Perceptions of Discrimination Among Hispanic Citizens:

Using the 2002-2012 National Latino Surveys, we assess whether enforcement of immigration law through employment verification (E-Verify) mandates has affected perceptions of discrimination among Hi...
The Clean Air Act's National Ambient Air Quality Standards: A Case Study of Durability and Flexibility in Program Design and Implementation

This chapter provides a detailed case study of the Clean Air Act’s National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), arguably the most ambitious and successful major program in US environmental law. It is part of a larger edited collection on the lessons from the Clean Air Act regarding how we might build durability and flexibility into U.S. climate and energy policy. The chapter thus devotes particular attention to the provisions and features of the NAAQS program that contribute to its flexibility and durability. Several key lessons emerge from the case study. First, history matters. The NAAQS program was able to mature and benefit from two decades of robust functional interactions between Congress, EPA and the federal courts. Many of the key provisions of the program that contribute to its durability and flexibility were added, revised and strengthened in subsequent rounds of amendments by Congress. Without this, the program would not be nearly as effective as it is today. Second, the structure and design of the program have contributed to its overall durability in part by building in provisions for flexibility and adaptation at multiple levels – all in the context of a long-term commitment to continuous review and revision of existing standards. By design, the NAAQS program is always in motion, but the goals and overall direction of the program are clear, and there are procedural mechanisms in place that continue to push the program forward. Third, process has been fundamental in bolstering the credibility of the program and strengthening its results – from EPA’s internal NAAQS review process, to the formal and informal roles of independent scientific review, to the multiple opportunities for public participation. Taken together these process features have facilitated important signaling to regulated entities and the states. They have served to ventilate, vet and strengthen proposed revisions to the NAAQS. And they have proven to be more than sufficient to satisfy judicial review in most cases. In sum, the success of the NAAQS program has derived in large part from a combination of history, structure and process. There are important lessons for energy and climate policy here, but perhaps one of the most important lessons is that the task of building a durable, adaptive and flexible policy cannot be reduced to a set of simple design choices. Complicated programs such as the NAAQS are more than the sum of their parts. Deriving lessons from them for future policies thus requires understanding them as a whole and how they have evolved over time.
Frequency-dependent entrainment of striatal fast-spiking interneurons

Specific types of neurons entrain their spikes to particular oscillation frequencies in their synaptic input. This entrainment is commonly understood in terms of the subthreshold voltage response, ...
Queer eye for the housewife: Julianne Moore, radical femme-ininity, and destabilizing the suburban family.

This article uses the concept of “radical femme-ininity” to signal the queering of femininity as a political gesture, one that relies on misinterpretations of cisgender femininity as straight in or...
The National Conference of Black Political Scientists (NCOBPS): Organizational Empowerment Through Signaling and Valuing Women and Diversity During #MeToo

ABSTRACTThe National Conference of Black Political Scientists (NCOBPS) is an almost 50-year-old organization. Its history is rooted in challenging racial discrimination and exclusion of people of A...
No Association between HPV Vaccination and Infertility in U.S. Females 18-33 Years Old

ABSTRACT Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines have been recommended as primary prevention of HPV-related cancers for over 10 years in the United States, and evidence reveals decreased incidence of HPV infections following vaccination. However, concerns have been raised that HPV vaccines could decrease fertility. This study examined the relationship between HPV immunization and self-reported infertility in a nationally representative sample. Methods Data from the 2013-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed to asses likelihood of self-reported infertility among women aged 20 to 33, who were young enough to have been offered HPV vaccines and old enough to have been queried about infertility (n=1,114). Two logistic regression models, stratified by marital history, examined potential associations between HPV vaccination and infertility. Model 1 assessed the likelihood of infertility among women who had never been pregnant or whose pregnancies occurred prior to HPV vaccination. Model 2 accounted for the possibility of latent and/or non-permanent post-vaccine infertility by including all women 20-33 years old. Results 8.1% reported any infertility. Women who had ever been married and had received an HPV vaccine were less likely to report infertility (OR 0.04, 95% CI 0.01-0.57) in model 1. No other associations between HPV and infertility were found. Conclusion There was no evidence of increased infertility among women who received the HPV vaccine. These results provide further evidence of HPV vaccine safety and should give providers confidence in recommending HPV vaccination. Further research should explore protective effects of HPV vaccines on female and male fertility. What is already known on this subject? Despite evidence that HPV vaccines are safe and effective, concerns persist regarding a purported link between HPV vaccination and infertility. These concerns were refuted by a recent population-based cohort study that found no association between the HPV vaccine and primary ovarian insufficiency. What this study adds? This study broadens the existing evidence by exploring possible associations between HPV vaccination and any self-reported infertility. There was no evidence of infertility among women 20-33 years old who received one or more doses of HPV vaccine. This result provides further evidence of HPV vaccine safety, diminishing remaining concerns among clinicians and the public.
The importance of dignity and choice for people assessed as having intellectual disabilities

Individuals assessed as having an intellectual disability often spend a significant amount of time in day treatment/day habilitation programs after they graduate from school. The quality of these p...
Analysis of sea lamprey environmental DNA during lampricide treatment in a tributary of Lake Ontario

Sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus ) is a species of invasive parasitic fish in the Great Lakes region of North America. Accurate estimates of larval lamprey populations in lake tributaries are necessary for making control decisions regarding treatment of lake tributaries with 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM), a piscicide toxic to lamprey larvae. Analysis of environmental DNA (eDNA) isolated from water samples is a recent innovation under consideration for sea lamprey biomonitoring. eDNA analysis was performed before and at three time points after TFM treatment in a tributary of Lake Ontario (Ninemile Creek) to assess presence of invasive sea lamprey. Lamprey DNA was detected in four out of four sample locations before TFM treatment and three of four locations 72 hours following treatment. No lamprey DNA was detected in any of the locations 4 months or 12 months after TFM treatment of the creek. These results are consistent with known effectiveness of TFM treatment and provide evidence for the potential of eDNA analysis as a tool for monitoring decline of larval sea lamprey abundance due to TFM treatments.
American Indian Women Cancer Survivors' Spiritual and Religious Coping Practices.

Despite AI women’s cancer disparities being a public health concern, a dearth of research on this populations’ spiritual coping poses a barrier to redressing such disparities. The purpose of this article was to explore AI women cancer survivors’ spiritual and religious coping. This qualitative descriptive study included a sample of 43 AI women cancer survivors. Qualitative content analysis revealed that 93% of AI women cancer survivors used a variety of AI spiritual coping, religious coping, and/or a mixture of the two. Results reveal the prevalence of AI spiritual coping, with traditional AI spiritual practices being particularly common.
Surgical management of angulated femoral intramedullary nails associated with closed fractures: A systematic review of the literature

Abstract Background Femoral nail bending is a rare complication of intramedullary (IM) fixation of femoral diaphyseal fractures. Published literature regarding this injury pattern has thus far been limited to case reports or case series, thus no universally accepted surgical treatment strategy has been developed. Methods A systematic review was conducted using the Pubmed/MEDLINE and Scopus/EMBASE databases. A standardized template was used to extract data including author, year of publication, patient demographics, degree of angulation, mechanism of injury, time since initial procedure to reinjury, surgical treatment, and clinical outcomes. A case report from our institution was described as well. Results 27 cases in 25 reports were included in the qualitative analysis. All of the patients were males, and the ages ranged from 17 to 66 (mean age = 27.8). The degree of deformity ranged from 18 to 85° (mean 35.6), most commonly in a varus or apex anterior orientation. The nail deformities were corrected via one of six general surgical techniques: full transection of the nail, partial sectioning and manual straightening, limited corticotomy or longitudinal bone window, straightening with the assistance of a plate and reduction clamps, closed manipulation, or extraction without the need for manipulation. The fractures were then most commonly treated with revision IM nail. Conclusions The bent IM nail is a rare and challenging injury to treat. No one technique has been identified as “the gold standard” and each case must be approached with its unique characteristics in mind.
Darwinian Literary Analysis of Sexuality

A product of imaginative and aesthetic energies, literature offers unique insight into universals of human nature. Unsurprisingly, literary plots and themes focus persistently on activities with direct or indirect impact on fitness. Historically and cross-culturally, narratives return with unfailing regularity to topics emphasizing erotic desire, courtship tactics, marital strife, and family relationships. Situated by their authors in diverse social and physical environments, fictional evocations of sexual behaviors and choices are as complex and varied as the behaviors themselves. Individual texts do not merely illustrate the operations of evolved adaptations; scrutinizing these in specific contexts, they invite reader responses ranging from celebration to defiance. Deft handling of rhetorical devices such as point of view, metaphor, allusion, and irony enables writers to explore the multifaceted psychosocial impact of sexual impulses and choices. Literary Darwinists examine the richly detailed representations of eros in fiction, drama, and poetry, remaining alert to the evolutionary implications of the motives and actions portrayed.
Toward Interactively Balancing the Screen Time of Actors Based on Observable Phenotypic Traits in Live Telecast

Several prominent studies have shown that the imbalanced on-screen exposure of observable phenotypic traits like gender and skin-tone in movies, TV shows, live telecasts, and other visual media can reinforce gender and racial stereotypes in society. Researchers and human rights organizations alike have long been calling to make media producers more aware of such stereotypes. While awareness among media producers is growing, balancing the presence of different phenotypes in a video requires substantial manual effort and can typically only be done in the post-production phase. The task becomes even more challenging in the case of a live telecast where video producers must make instantaneous decisions with no post-production phase to refine or revert a decision. In this paper, we propose Screen-Balancer, an interactive tool that assists media producers in balancing the presence of different phenotypes in a live telecast. The design of Screen-Balancer is informed by a field study conducted in a professional live studio. Screen-Balancer analyzes the facial features of the actors to determine phenotypic traits using facial detection packages; it then facilitates real-time visual feedback for interactive moderation of gender and skin-tone distributions. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, we conducted a user study with 20 participants and asked them to compose live telecasts from a set of video streams simulating different camera angles, and featuring several male and female actors with different skin-tones. The study revealed that the participants were able to reduce the difference of screen times of male and female actors by 43%, and that of light-skinned and dark-skinned actors by 44%, thus showing the promise and potential of using such a tool in commercial production systems.
Digital crime, trauma, and abuse: Internet safety and cyber risks for adolescents and emerging adults in the 21st century

The shift in the technology landscape has altered the technology ecosystem of adolescents and emerging adults in the 21st century. Yet, with greater use of digital gadgets comes greater mental heal...
Noise Line Identification in LIGO S6 and Virgo VSR2

An important goal for LIGO (the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory) and Virgo is to find periodic sources of gravitational waves. The LIGO and Virgo detectors are sensitive to a variety of noise of non-astrophysical origin, such as instrumental artifacts and environmental disturbances. These artifacts make it difficult to know when a signal is due to a gravitational wave or noise. A continuous wave search algorithm, Fscan, and the calculation of the coherence between the gravitational wave channels and auxiliary channels has been developed to identify the source of noise lines. The programs analyze data from the gravitational wave channels as well as environmental sensors, searching for significant lines that appear in coincidence (using various thresholds and frequency windows) in the gravitational wave channel as well the environmental monitors. By this method, the source of powerful signals at specific frequencies in the gravitational wave channel caused by noise can be determined. Examples from LIGO's sixth science run, S6, and Virgo's second scientific run, VSR2, are presented.
Antecedents to Secondary-Like Psychopathy in Noninstitutionalized Youth

Secondary-like psychopathy in youth is often recognized in research as being the more problematic of the psychopathy variants. Little is known about the emergence of this variant in spite of early ...
Role of public health literacy during COVID-19 pandemic, its implications and future recommendations- An analysis from India

The term “Health literacy” was coined by Ratzan et al. in 1970s stating for the littlest health education in schools. But still this term is almost new and is in its early phase of development. Though many attempts have been made in the past to define health literacy. WHO construed it as “the cognitive and social skills which determine the motivation and ability of individuals to gain access to, understand and use information in ways which promote and maintain good health”. Health Literacy not only focuses on the individual behaviour-oriented communication but also on the various determinants of health like environmental, social, political etc., thus it is ahead of the cramped concept of health education. If health education methods go beyond the bounds of “information diffusion” and bring about interaction, participation and critical analysis, such kind of approach will lead to health literacy, personal aid and social benefit by enabling adequate community action and will contribute to the advancement of social capital. We believe that nowadays, health literacy is limited to the non-communicable diseases, Maternal and Child Health care and health education is provided to the citizens which is more of kind a bureaucratic formality rather than serving its real purpose. However, this COVID-19 pandemic has become an eye opener for us and revealed that health literacy as a part of health education, is equally important for communicable diseases as well and not only system preparedness, but individual preparedness is also the key to deal with the actual life problems during crises situations.
I Can't Breathe during Interviews - The Incomplete Penetrance of Antiracism.

I Can’t Breathe during Interviews Standing between the author and a residency match was an act of contortion: conveying her passion about closing racial disparities in maternal health without trigg...
Inhibition of GAS6/AXL improves efficacy of HER2 inhibitor trastuzumab in uterine serous cancer

Objectives: To determine whether inhibition of GAS6/AXL can improve efficacy to the humanized anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody trastuzumab by decreasing uterine serous cancer cell invasion and cell survival in vitro and tumor burden in vivo. Methods: We treated AXL-expressing and HER2-expressing uterine serous cancer cell lines (ARK1, ARK2) with trastuzumab, AVB-500, or trastuzumab plus AVB-500. Clonogenic cell survival assays were performed. Matrigel invasion assays were used to assess the invasive capacity of ARK2 cells after 24 hours of treatment with vehicle, AVB-500, trastuzumab, or trastuzumab plus AVB-500. A proximity ligation assay was used to examine colocalization of HER2/neu and AXL. Western blots were performed to assess the effects of the individual drugs and combination on phosphorylation of HER2 and AXL. An intraperitoneal tumor model with 10 million ARK1 cells was treated with vehicle, AVB-500, trastuzumab, or trastuzumab plus AVB-500 for 35 days. The number, size, and volume of tumor nodules were measured. GraphPad Prism was used for statistical analysis. Results: We found decreased cell survival by clonogenic assays in ARK1 and ARK2 cells treated with trastuzumab plus AVB-500 compared to trastuzumab alone (relative absorbance 0.155 nm vs 0.202 nm, P=0.015). There was significantly less invasion from treatment with trastuzumab plus AVB-500 than with trastuzumab alone (3.2 vs 17.8 invading tumor cells/hpf, P=0.0004). Western blot showed that cells treated with trastuzumab plus AVB-500 had reduced phospho-AXL compared to cells treated with AVB-500 or trastuzumab alone. Furthermore, the proximity ligation assay demonstrated co-localization of the AXL and HER2 receptors in both ARK1 and ARK2 cells indicating a physical closeness that could account for this co-regulation. We found that mice treated with trastuzumab plus AVB-500 developed significantly less tumor burden than mice treated with trastuzumab alone (0.03205 g vs 0.08316 g, P=0.024), AVB-500 alone (0.0320 g vs 0.1638 g, P Conclusions: The GAS6/AXL inhibitor AVB-500 potentiated the effect of trastuzumab to decrease uterine serous cancer cell proliferation and invasion in vitro and tumor burden in vivo. There was co-localization of AXL and HER2 receptors seen in both uterine serous cancer cell lines.
Social synchronization of circadian rhythmicity in female mice depends on the number of cohabiting animals

Communal animals often engage in group activities that require temporal synchrony among its members, including synchrony on the circadian timescale. The principles and conditions that foster such collective synchronization are not understood, but existing literature hints that the number of interacting individuals may be a critical factor. We tested this by recording individual circadian body temperature rhythms of female house mice housed singly, in twos (pairs), or in groups of five (quintets) in constant darkness; determining the daily phases of the circadian peak for each animal; and then calculating the cycle-to-cycle phase relationship between cohabiting animals over time. Significant temporal coherence was observed in quintets: the proportion of quintets (4/7), but not pairs (2/8), that became synchronized was greater than could be achieved by the complete simulated reassortment of all individuals. We speculate that the social coupling of individual circadian clocks of group members may be adaptive under certain conditions, and we propose that optimal group sizes in nature may depend not only on species-specific energetics, spatial behaviour and natural history but also on the mathematics of synchronizing assemblies of weakly coupled animal oscillators.
Environmental Protection Agencies: Measuring the Welfare Benefits from Regulation under Different Information Contexts

This paper evaluates the welfare benefits of introducing environmental regulation in a market that is subject to the threat of entry. We consider complete and incomplete information settings, where potential entrants use the regulator’s tax policy and the incumbent’s output decisions in order to infer the incumbent’s cost structure. When the regulator is absent, we show that firms? entry-deterring practices increase pollution relative to complete information. Hence, under certain conditions, environmental regulation becomes more beneficial in incomplete than in complete information contexts. Our results, therefore, identify under which cases an under-or over-estimation of the welfare benefits of environmental regulation arises from ignoring the information setting in which firms interact. We also examine how this estimation error increases as firms become more symmetric in their production costs.
THE DUTY TO DIE AND THE BURDENSOMENESS OF LIVING

This article addresses the question of whether the arguments for a duty to die given by John Hardwig, the most prominent philosophical advocate of such a duty, are sound. Hardwig believes that the duty to die is relatively widespread among those with burdensome illnesses, dependencies, or medical conditions. I argue that although there are rare circumstances in which individuals have a duty to die, the situations Hardwig describes are not among these. After reconstructing Hardwig's argument for such a duty, highlighting his central premise that ill, dependent, or aged individuals can impose unfair burdens upon others by continuing to live, I clarify precisely what Hardwig intends by his thesis that many of us have a duty to die. I then show that an important disanalogy exists between an uncontroversial example in which an individual has a duty to die and the situations in which Hardwig proposes individuals have a duty to die. More specifically, in situations where a duty to die exists, an individual's having a duty to die logically implies that those she burdens have a right to kill that individual in self-defense. I then suggest that the burdens that ill, dependent, or aged individuals impose on their families, loved ones, or caregivers do not constitute the kind of threat that warrants the latter killing the former in self-defense. Hence, the duty to die is much rarer than Hardwig supposes.
Isolation and chemical properties of a repressible acid phosphatase in Neurospora crassa.

Abstract An orthophosphate-repressible acid phosphatase from a wild type strain of Neurospora crassa was purified to apparent homogeneity. The degree of purity was ascertained on the basis of chromatographic, electrophoretic, and centrifugal data. Sedimentation equilibrium analyses indicated the native molecule has a molecular weight of about 85,000 and can be dissociated in the presence of 6 m guanidine-mercaptoethanol into 2 physically indistinguishable subunits. The amino acid and sugar composition is reported for the enzyme, a glycoprotein in which mannose and glucosamine residues account for 9.5% of the molecular weight.