cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SCHOOL CAREER ADJUSTMENT PATTERNS OF CHILDREN USING MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES

The need for mental health services during the early school years is suggested by this follow-up study of middle-class nursery school children who showed a high incidence of adjustment problems prior to the fourth grade. Those maladjusted children who received mental health service early in their school career showed more improvement at the high school level than those who did not.
Integrative genomic analysis reveals widespread enhancer regulation by p53 in response to DNA damage

The tumor suppressor p53 has been studied extensively as a direct transcriptional activator of protein-coding genes. Recent studies, however, have shed light on novel regulatory functions of p53 within noncoding regions of the genome. Here, we use a systematic approach that integrates transcriptome-wide expression analysis, genome-wide p53 binding profiles and chromatin state maps to characterize the global regulatory roles of p53 in response to DNA damage. Notably, our approach identified conserved features of the p53 network in both human and mouse primary fibroblast models. In addition to known p53 targets, we identify many previously unappreciated mRNAs and long noncoding RNAs that are regulated by p53. Moreover, we find that p53 binding occurs predominantly within enhancers in both human and mouse model systems. The ability to modulate enhancer activity offers an additional layer of complexity to the p53 network and greatly expands the diversity of genomic elements directly regulated by p53.
The effects of SO2 dosage kinetics and exposure frequency on photosynthesis and transpiration of kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Abstract The effects of variations in SO2 dosage kinetics on bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L. “red kidney”) were studied at SO2 levels equal to or below the current secondary ambient air quality standard. Response of photosynthesis, transpiration and growth were measured to evaluate the extent and duration of effects following repeated treatment at weekly (Experiment I) and daily (Experiment II) intervals. Depression of photosynthesis was the most consistent response observed. Transpiration was either stimulated or depressed by SO2 concentrations which reduced photosynthesis. This effect indicates a probable biochemical rather than stomatal basis for observed photosynthetic depressions noted in these experiments. Increasing the peak: mean concentration ratio from 1.0 to 1.7 during exposure had no obvious effect on short-term photosynthetic response but caused apparent stimulation of photosynthesis one day later. Increasing the peak: mean ratio from 1.0 to 6.0 caused a threefold average greater depression of short-term photosynthetic response even though the 3 hr av. concentration was reduced by 25% (0.50–0.37). Residual effects from this treatment were generally small on the day after exposure. No strong evidence was obtained to indicate that plants were sensitized to SO2-induced suppression of photosynthesis by previous exposure to SO2. Predisposition was not apparent when exposures were repeated at weekly or daily intervals. Visible foliar injury did not occur. Analysis of harvest data at the end of these experiments indicated that plants could undergo a repeated short-term (1 day) cycle of photosynthetic inhibition and still retain an essentially unimpaired capacity for growth during a subsequent recovery period. When exposures were spaced a week apart, some indication of a residual effect on growth, particularly with the highest peak: mean ratio (6.0), was apparent.
Individual footdrumming signatures in banner-tailed kangaroo rats Dipodomys spectabilis

Footdrumming of 35 individual banner-tailed kangaroo rats was recorded in their territories in south-eastern Arizona in years of both high and low population densities. Analyses revealed that rats create individually distinct footdrumming signals by varying the number of footdrums in the first footroll and the number of footrolls in a sequence. These signals remain constant within individuals over time and do not vary with either age or sex. The footdrumming patterns, therefore, have the acoustical properties necessary for communicating neighbour recognition: signals vary between different individuals but remain constant within the same individual. In contrast, footdrumming rates (footdrums/s) are higher in young adults than in juveniles and older adults, and males drum at higher rates than females. These results suggest that footdrumming rate could communicate age, sex or vitality. Because footdrumming patterns of close neighbours diverge in high, but not in low, population densities, individually distinct footdrumming patterns among neighbours may be especially important to territorial defence when rats live near large numbers of close neighbours.
Family obligation and the academic motivation of adolescents from Asian, Latin American, and European backgrounds.

A sense of obligation to the family is associated with a greater belief in the importance and usefulness of education and accounts for the tendency of Asian and Latin American adolescents to have greater academic motivation than their equally achieving peers with European backgrounds.
Femoral Venous Reflux Abolished by Greater Saphenous Vein Stripping

Preoperative venous duplex scanning has revealed unexpected deep venous incompetence in patients with apparently only varicose veins. Acting on the hypothesis that the deep vein reflux was secondary to deep vein dilation caused by reflux volume, the following was done. Between July 1990 and April 1993, 29 limbs in 21 patients (16 females) were examined by color-flow duplex imaging to determine valve closure by the method of van Bemmelen. Instrumentation included high-resolution ATL-9 venous interrogation using a pneumatic cuff deflation stimulus of reflux in the standing, nonweight-bearing limb. All limbs showed greater saphenous vein reflux. Twenty-nine showed superficial femoral vein reflux and of these three showed popliteal vein reflux. Duplex testing was performed by a certified vascular technologist whose interpretation was blinded as to the results of clinical examination and grading of the severity of venous insufficiency. Surgery was performed on an outpatient basis under general anesthesia using groin-to-knee removal of the greater saphenous vein by the vein inversion technique of Van Der Strict. Stab avulsion of varicose tributary veins was accomplished during the same period of anesthesia. In 27 of 29 limbs with preoperative femoral reflux, that reflux was abolished by greater saphenous stripping. In patients with popliteal reflux both femoral and popliteal reflux was abolished. Improvement of deep venous hemodynamics by ablation of superficial reflux supports the reflux circuit theory of venous overload. Furthermore, preoperative evaluation of venous hemodynamics by duplex scanning appears to provide useful pre- and postoperative information regarding venous insufficiency in individual patients.
Comment on "Fully coordinated silica nanoclusters: (SiO2)N molecular rings".

A Comment on the Letter by Bromley, Zwijnenburg, and Maschmeyer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 035502 (2003). The authors of the Letter offer a Reply.
The Hidden Elements of Democracy Among Akyem Chieftaincy: Enstoolment, Destoolment, and Other Limitations of Power

In Ghana as well as several parts of Africa, chiefs are probably the most recognizable local personalities because of the myriad religious, social, administrative, and judicial functions they perform. The knowledge that people, particularly nonnatives, have of chiefs comes largely from the ceremonial functions they see them perform in public. In the eyes of strangers, chiefs seem to enjoy a life of luxury and privilege. In reality, however, they have to artfully dance around several strictures that could potentially bring their lifetime careers crashing down. People expect their chiefs to diligently observe local traditions and uphold high moral standards in their personal lives. A chief who repudiates the trust his community has vested in him risks having destoolment charges brought against him. Destoolment is equivalent to presidential impeachment and conviction and is the ultimate humiliation a community could bring on a recalcitrant chief. This article examines some of the limitations that circumscribe the power of Akyem Abuakwa chiefs, which are designed to ensure that they remain humble and accountable. An ironic element in African political behavior is the institutional checks on the power of chiefs. Chiefs in their respective roles as traditional representatives of their towns or villages epitomize local government at its most practical and democratic form. As an integral part of local government administration in many countries, the institution of chieftaincy by far has been the best representation
Capital account openness and the labour share of income

This paper investigates the relationship between capital account openness and the share of labour in national income. Employing a new index of financial openness and a cross-country panel of labour shares available from the United Nations System of National Accounts, the author shows a robust negative correlation between the degree of openness and the labour share. Although this effect is not present for low income countries, the direct negative relationship holds for all other subsamples and in the presence of a variety of controls. A plausible explanation is that openness alters the conditions of bargaining between labour and capital. By increasing the bargaining strength of capital vis-a-vis labour, increased capital mobility raises rents accruing to capital. Thus, capital account openness may reduce labour's share of income in the firm, and thereby, at an economy-wide level, its share of national output.
The biosynthesis of phosphorylated tyrosine hydroxylase by organ cultures of rat adrenal medulla and superior cervical ganglia

Abstract Tyrosine hydroxylase has been synthesized in organ cultures of rat adrenal medulla and superior cervical ganglia and isolated by immunoprecipitation followed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. When the cultures were grown in radioactive phosphate the tyrosine hydroxylase contained radioactivity. Superior cervical ganglia from animals injected with nerve growth factor made more tyrosine hydroxylase and proportionately more phosphate was incorporated into the enzyme than in ganglia from control animals.
Electromagnetic parasitic extraction via a multipole method with hierarchical refinement

The increasing interconnect density and operating frequencies of system-on-a-chip (SOC) designs necessitates extraction of parasitic electromagnetic couplings beyond the localized confines of functional design blocks. In addition, SOC design styles and gridless variable-width routing make it increasingly difficult to use precharacterized library shapes for parasitic extraction. A comprehensive capacitance and inductance extraction solution requires a hierarchical data representation and fast runtime algorithms. We illustrate through examples that both the multipole method and hierarchical refinement, which are the two most successful approaches for parasitic extraction to date, work efficiently only under certain, limiting conditions. To improve this situation we present an approach which combines the best of both methods into a concurrent multipole refinement representation of the electromagnetic interaction which is efficient for arbitrary interconnect configurations. We use a generalized formulation of electromagnetic interactions to exploit the similarities in capacitance and inductance extraction for greater efficiency.
Trackball text entry for people with motor impairments

We present a new gestural text entry method for trackballs. The method uses the mouse cursor and relies on crossing instead of pointing. A user writes in fluid Roman-like unistrokes by ""pulsing"" the trackball in desired letter patterns. We examine this method both theoretically using the Steering Law and empirically in two studies. Our studies show that able-bodied users who were unfamiliar with trackballs could write at about 10 wpm with
SPICE-compatible physical model of nanocrystal floating gate devices for circuit simulation

The majority of nanocrystal floating gate research has been done at the device level. Circuit-level research is still in its early stages because of the lack of a physical device model appropriate for circuit simulations. In this study, a comprehensive and accurate SPICE-compatible physical equation-based model of nanocrystal floating gate devices is developed based on uniform direct tunnelling and Fowler-Nordheim tunnelling. The main contribution is a Verilog-A module that captures the physical behaviours of programming and erasing the device. A predictive NMOS model is then used for modelling the conduction channel to determine the behavioural I - V characteristics. The proposed model uses only explicit formulae resulting in fast computation appropriate for circuit simulation and can be used in any SPICE simulator supporting Verilog-A. It interacts dynamically with the rest of the circuit and includes charge leakage which enables power consumption analysis. The simulation results of the proposed model fit well to experimental results of various fabricated devices. Additionally, it is verified in HSPICE, demonstrating a significant speedup and good agreement with a numerical device simulator. This study is important in bridging the gap between device- and circuit-level research.
Rem and reels characterization of MgO (100) surfaces. A Technique for studying the cleaving mechanisms and reactions of crystal surfaces

Abstract Reflection electron microscopy (REM) is used as a technique for imaging MgO surfaces cleaved by different methods. Several distinct surface structures of MgO (100) have been observed, and the possibility of relating the surface structure images with the breaking mechanisms of the surfaces has been shown. The surface atomic inner-shell excitations have been observed with reflection electron energy-loss spectroscopy (REELS), and the structure modulation of the near-edge fine structure of the O K and Mg K edges is considered to be due to changes in the surface density of states. The REM imaging is capable of providing the nucleation processes of the reaction products on the surfaces in the solid-liquid reactions and the associated relations with the surface structures.
Green nanotechnology from tea: phytochemicals in tea as building blocks for production of biocompatible gold nanoparticles

Phytochemicals occluded in tea have been extensively used as dietary supplements and as natural pharmaceuticals in the treatment of various diseases including human cancer. Results on the reduction capabilities of phytochemicals present in tea to reduce gold salts to the corresponding gold nanoparticles are presented in this paper. The phytochemicals present in tea serve a dual role as effective reducing agents to reduce gold and also as stabilizers to provide a robust coating on the gold nanoparticles in a single step. The tea-generated gold nanoparticles (T-AuNPs), have demonstrated remarkable in vitro stability in various buffers including saline, histidine, HSA, and cysteine solutions. T-AuNPs with phytochemical coatings have shown significant affinity toward prostate (PC-3) and breast (MCF-7) cancer cells. Results on the cellular internalization of T-AuNPs through endocytosis into the PC-3 and MCF-7 cells are presented. The generation of T-AuNPs follows all principles of green chemistry and T-AuNPs have been found to be non toxic as assessed through MTT assays. No ‘man made’ chemicals, other than gold salts, are used in this truly biogenic, green nanotechnological process thus paving the way for excellent opportunities for their application in molecular imaging and therapy.
On the calculation of time correlation functions by potential scaling

We present and analyze a general method to calculate time correlation functions from molecular dynamics on scaled potentials for complex systems for which simulation is affected by broken ergodicity. Depending on the value of the scaling factor, correlations can be calculated for times that can be orders of magnitude longer than those accessible to direct simulations. We show that the exact value of the time correlation functions of the original system (i.e., with unscaled potential) can be obtained, in principle, using an action-reweighting scheme based on a stochastic path-integral formalism. Two tests (involving a bistable potential model and a dipeptide bond-vector orientational relaxation) are exemplified to showcase the strengths, as well as the limitations of the approach, and a procedure for the estimation of the time-dependent standard deviation error is outlined.
Cross sections for L-shell x-ray and Auger-electron production by heavy ions☆

Experimental cross sections for L-shell x-ray and Auger-electron production by heavy charged particles are tabulated according to projectile energy and atomic number.
Mal'cev products of varieties of completely regular semigroups

Whilst the Mal'cev product of completely regular varieties need not again be a variety, it is shown that in many important instances a variety is in fact obtained. However, unlike the product of group varieties this product is nonassociative.Two important operators introduced by Reilly are studied in the context of Mal'cev products. These operators are shown to generate from any given variety one of the networks discovered by Pastijn and Trotter, enabling identities to be provided for the varieties in the network. In particular the join O V BG of the varieties of orthogroups and of bands of groups is determined, answering a question of Petrich.
Regulation of psychostimulant-induced preprodynorphin, c-fos and zif/268 messenger RNA expression in the rat dorsal striatum by mu opioid receptor blockade

Several studies have shown that psychostimulants can induce differential immediate early gene and neuropeptide expression in the patch versus matrix compartments of dorsal striatum. The patch compartment contains a high density of mu opioid receptors and activation of these receptors may contribute to psychostimulant-induced gene expression in the patch versus matrix compartments of dorsal striatum. However, the contribution of mu opioid receptor activation to psychostimulant-induced changes in gene expression in the patch compartment of dorsal striatum has not been examined. The current study examined the role of mu opioid receptors in psychostimulant induction of preprodynorphin, c-fos and zif/268 messenger RNA expression in the patch versus matrix compartments of dorsal striatum. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with the mu opioid receptor antagonist, clocinnamox (1 mg/kg, s.c.), 24 h prior to treatment with cocaine (30 mg/kg, i.p.) or methamphetamine (15 mg/kg, s.c.) and sacrificed 45 min or 3 h later. Mu opioid receptor antagonism blocked psychostimulant-induced preprodynorphin messenger RNA expression only in the rostral patch compartment, whereas psychostimulant-induced zif/268 messenger RNA expression in the patch and matrix compartments was attenuated throughout the dorsal striatum. Clocinnamox pretreatment had no effect on stimulant-induced increases in c-fos expression. These data suggest that mu opioid receptor activation plays a specific role in psychostimulant-induced preprodynorphin messenger RNA expression in the rostral patch compartment and zif/268 messenger RNA expression throughout dorsal striatum.
Prospective assessment of tizanidine for spasticity due to acquired brain injury

Abstract Meythaler JM, Guin-Renfroe S, Johnson A, Brunner RM. Prospective assessment of tizanidine for spasticity due to acquired brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2001;82:1155-63. Objective: To determine if orally delivered tizanidine will control spastic hypertonia due to acquired brain injury. Design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design, with 2 8-week treatment arms separated by a 1-week washout period at baseline. Patients were randomly assigned to receive tizanidine or a matching placebo. Setting: Tertiary care outpatient and inpatient rehabilitation center attached to a university hospital. Participants: Seventeen persons recruited in a consecutive manner, 9 of whom had suffered a stroke and 8 a traumatic brain injury, and had more than 6 months of intractable spastic hypertonia. Intervention: Over a 6-week period, subjects were slowly titrated up to their maximum tolerated dose (up to 36mg/d). Following a 1-week drug taper and 1-week period in which no study drug was administered, patients were then crossed over to the other study medication following an identical titration regime. Main Outcome Measures: Subjects were evaluated for dose and effect throughout the trial as well as for side effects. Data for Ashworth rigidity scores, spasm scores, deep tendon reflex scores, and motor strength were collected on the affected upper extremity (UE) and lower extremity (LE). Differences over time were assessed via descriptive statistics, Friedman's analysis, and Wilcoxon's signed-rank. Data are reported as the mean ± 1 standard deviation. Results: Following 4 weeks of treatment when subjects reached their maximal tolerated dosage, the average LE Ashworth score on the affected side decreased from 2.3 ± 1.4 to 1.7 ± 1.1 ( p p = .0464), while the reflex score was not statistically significant decreasing from 2.2 ± 1.0 to 2.0 ± 1.1 ( p = .0883). The average UE Ashworth score on the affected side decreased from 1.9 ± 1.1 to 1.5 ± 0.9 ( p p = .0006) and UE tone ( p = .0007). With a reduction in motor tone, there was an increase in motor strength ( p = .0089). The average dosage at 4 weeks was 25.2mg/d. Conclusion: Tizanidine is effective in decreasing the spastic hypertonia associated with acquired brain injury, which is dose-dependent. There are limitations on its use due to side effects related to drowsiness. © 2001 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
The boundary line in the H-R diagram for stellar chromospheres and the theory of convection.

Ultraviolet emission-line spectra of A, F, and early G stars have been observed with the International Ultraviolet Explorer. For supergiants, classical chromospheric and transition-layer emission is seen only on the red side of the Cepheid instability strip. For luminosity classes III-V, chromospheric emission can be detected for spectral types F2 and later. For none of the A stars was normal chromospheric emission detected, regardless of their rotational velocities or peculiarities (i.e., Am or Ap).
Improving care for depression: there's no free lunch.

Primary care clinicians know depression well, yet diagnostic and treatment failures are common. In answer to the pressing need to do better, the elegant study by Dobscha and colleagues in this issu...
Household formation, housing prices, and public policy impacts

Abstract This paper specifies and estimates a model of housing demand that explicitly includes the decision of individuals to form independent households. Parameter estimates reveal a considerable response of headship rates not only to income but also to housing prices. Analysis of housing policies ignoring the endogeneity of household formation is thus potentially biased. The model is employed to evaluate the effects of a housing voucher program. Simulated responses indicate that such a program creates a substantial additional demand for housing due to its positive impact on the propensity of young and elderly persons to live independently.
Direct Attachment of Microbial Organisms to Material Surfaces Through Sequence-Specific DNA Hybridization

A new technique is reported for the attachment of synthetic DNA strands to the surfaces of microbial organisms. This gives algal, bacterial, and fungal cells the ability to bind to complementary strands extending from patterned surfaces that can be produced on platforms such as microfluidic devices. The ability of this method to establish complex 2- and 3-dimensional cocultures comprising multiple organism types is also presented.
Screening and predicting adolescent depressive symptoms in rural settings.

Adolescent depression with related suicidal behavior is a serious health problem. This article describes depressive symptoms, reported life events, and demographic risk factors in 846 rural adolescents. The results indicate that self-reported depressive symptoms in rural adolescents is significantly ( p p
Solvatochromic Measurements of Mobile Phase Composition in Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatography: Polarity Values, Retention, and Stationary Phase Information

Abstract The ET(30) polarity values of binary methanol-water, acetonitrile-water and tetrahydrofuran-water mobile phases used in reversed phase liquid chromatography are reported, and equations are presented for the calculation of polarity values for any composition of these solvents. We summarize previously reported comparisons of these measured polarities with both chromatographic retention and methylene selectivity. Plots of log k' vs. ET(30) polarity were generally found to be better descriptors of retention than commonly used plots of log k' vs. percent organic modifier. For 332 data sets examined, the average r2 value for plotting log k' vs. percent organic modifier was 0.9783 while plotting vs. ET(30) polarity gave a value of 0.9910. Retention in acetonitrile-water mixtures is also compared with theory developed by Dill using binary interaction parameters. Variation in methylene selectivity was found to correlate best with percent organic modifier in methanol-water mixtures, while the ET(30) polari...
Defense of cutaneous cells against UV irradiation. II. Restricted photomediated binding of trimethyl psoralen to pigmented skin in vivo.

Distinct differences in grain distribution were seen in autoradiographs of pigmented and nonpigmented skin from spotted guinea-pig ears subjected to photosensitizing conditions by the topical application of tritiated trimethyl psoralen ( 3 H TMP) and exposure to UV irradiation at 365 nm. Grains were localized over cells throughout the epidermis in non pigmented skin, but they were not seen beneath the stratum corneum in pigmented skin. Since TMP covalently binds to epidermal nucleic acids only after irradiation, these experiments demonstrate that the compacted melanized cells of the outer epidermis shield the DNA of underlying cells by severely restricting the penetration of UV light into the skin.
Effects of sentence-structure complexity on speech initiation time and disfluency.

Abstract There is general agreement that stuttering is caused by a variety of factors, and language formulation and speech motor control are two important factors that have been implicated in previous research, yet the exact nature of their effects is still not well understood. Our goal was to test the hypothesis that sentences of high structural complexity would incur greater processing costs than sentences of low structural complexity and these costs would be higher for adults who stutter than for adults who do not stutter. Fluent adults and adults who stutter participated in an experiment that required memorization of a sentence classified as low or high structural complexity followed by production of that sentence upon a visual cue. Both groups of speakers initiated most sentences significantly faster in the low structural complexity condition than in the high structural complexity condition. Adults who stutter were over-all slower in speech initiation than were fluent speakers, but there were no significant interactions between complexity and group. However, adults who stutter produced significantly more disfluencies in sentences of high structural complexity than in those of low complexity. Educational objectives: After reading this article, the learner will be able to: (a) identify integral parts of all well-known models of adult sentence production; (b) summarize the way that sentence structure might negatively influence the speech production processes; (c) discuss whether sentence structure influences speech initiation time and disfluencies.
We're Changing—Or Are We? Untangling the Role of Progressive, Regressive, and Stability Narratives During Strategic Change Implementation

Data from a Fortune 500 retailer suggest that managers tell strategically ambiguous, interwoven narratives about how an organization changes and how it remains the same, thereby attempting to both ...
A note on the estimation of two ordered Poisson parameters

Simple expressions suited to the computation of the biases and the mean square errors (MSE) of the maximum likelihood estimators of two ordered Poisson parameters are derived. An examination of a set of the computed values of the biases, the MSE's and some of the related quantities suggests a number of properties of these functions, some of which are confirmed analytically.
Mixing by cutting and shuffling 3D granular flow in spherical tumblers

Abstract Cutting and shuffling, a novel approach to mixing, can be used to predict the degree of mixing for three-dimensional (3D) granular flows in rotating tumblers. An idealized prototype, a half-full “blinking” spherical tumbler alternating in rotation about each of two horizontal axes in the limit of a vanishingly thin flowing layer, is studied using piecewise isometries (PWIs). Mixing is characterized by the normalized difference between the center of mass of a collection of tracer particles and the centroid of the filled portion of the container. The degree of mixing is highly dependent on the combination of rotation angles about the two axes and the angle between the axes of rotation. Various rotation angle combinations ( θ 1 , θ 2 ) are investigated over 1 ° ≤ θ i ≤ 89 ° (in 1° increments). Combinations of rotation angles that can lead to good mixing after only a few iterations of the blinking flow are identified. Protocols with non-orthogonal axes are also studied by varying the angle ϕ between rotation axes over 15 ° ≤ ϕ ≤ 90 ° (in 15° increments). When ϕ = 60 ° or 75°, we observe the highest number of rotation angle pairs that lead to good mixing.
Emergency department sexually transmitted disease and human immunodeficiency virus screening: findings from a national survey.

Objectives: To use a previously conducted national physician survey to determine the extent of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted disease (STD) screening by emergency physicians compared with physicians practicing in other settings (primary care offices, hospital ambulatory care clinics, or other). Methods: From the survey responses, the authors determined the percentage of emergency physicians and physicians not practicing in EDs screening various patient groups for syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and HIV. Additional data from the survey (for practice location, physician gender, and patient demographics of race and gender) were used in multivariate logistic regressions to determine adjusted odds ratios (ORs). Results: Of 3,838 survey respondents providing answers to all questions analyzed for this study, 401 (10.5%) practiced in an emergency department. Of the remaining 3,437 physicians, 89% practiced in primary care offices or hospital ambulatory care clinics. Based on unadjusted ORs, emergency physicians were less likely than physicians not practicing in EDs to screen for all STDs and HIV in all patient groups (men, nonpregnant women, and pregnant women), although the differences in screening rates in male patients for chlamydia or gonorrhea were not significant. The adjusted ORs varied from 0.136 (for HIV screening of pregnant women) to 1.177 (for gonorrhea screening of pregnant women). All adjusted ORs that were significant at p < 0.05 were < 1.0. Conclusions: Although prior research has shown that STD and HIV rates are relatively high in emergency department patients compared with the population as a whole, screening rates are lower than in other settings. Addressing barriers may increase screening rates.
Game change in Colorado: widespread use of long-acting reversible contraceptives and rapid decline in births among young, low-income women.

CONTEXT: Long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) methods are recommended for young women but access is limited by cost and lack of knowledge among providers and consumers. The Colorado Family Planning Initiative (CFPI) sought to address these barriers by training providers financing LARC method provision at Title X-funded clinics and increasing patient caseload. METHODS: Beginning in 2009 28 Title X-funded agencies in Colorado received private funding to support CFPI. Caseloads and clients LARC use were assessed over the following two years. Fertility rates among low-income women aged 15-24 were compared with expected trends. Abortion rates and births among high-risk women were tracked and the numbers of infants receiving services through the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women Infants and Children (WIC) were examined. RESULTS: By 2011 caseloads had increased by 23% and LARC use among 15-24-year-olds had grown from 5% to 19%. Cumulatively one in 15 young low-income women had received a LARC method up from one in 170 in 2008. Compared with expected fertility rates in 2011 observed rates were 29% lower among low-income 15-19-year-olds and 14% lower among similar 20-24-year-olds. In CFPI counties the proportion of births that were high-risk declined by 24% between 2009 and 2011; abortion rates fell 34% and 18% respectively among women aged 15-19 and 20-24. Statewide infant enrollment in WIC declined 23% between 2010 and 2013. CONCLUSIONS: Programs that increase LARC use among young low-income women may contribute to declines in fertility rates abortion rates and births among high-risk women. Copyright (c) 2014 by the Guttmacher Institute.
Same-sex marriage and the argument from public disagreement

Evaluation de l'argument contre le mariage homosexuel developpe par J. Jordan dans son article Is it wrong to discriminate on the basis of homosexuality? (in «Journal of social philosophy», 25, 1, 1995, pp. 72-83). Au lieu de s'en prendre a l'immoralite de l'homosexualite en soi, Jordan defend la permissibilite morale de l'etat a refuser le mariage homosexuel en raison de son statut public, et non prive, et en raison du desaccord public sur la nature morale de l'homosexualite. Soulignant l'invalidite de l'argument confronte a une objection reductio ad absurdum, l'A. montre que la position de Jordan, malgre ses revendications, ne parvient pas a eviter l'approche morale de l'homosexualite en soi
Primary structure heterogeneity in ribosomal proteins from Escherichia coli.

FUNCTIONAL heterogeneity of ribosomal proteins from Escherichia coli is extensive and in vitro polypeptide synthesis requires at least six different protein fractions1. The structural heterogeneity of ribosomal proteins is even more impressive; on gel electrophoresis of 70S ribosomal protein from E. coli about thirty protein bands separate and opinion favours the presence of at least as many distinct proteins2–10. Little is known, however, about the extent to which the primary structure of these proteins is related. In this communication a comparison between the amino-acid composition and tryptic fingerprints of eight simplified protein fractions, isolated from 70S ribosomal proteins of E. coli, will be made. In addition the purification and some properties of three single ribosomal proteins, one acidic and two basics, will be presented. Fig. 1 gives the results of applying 1 g 70S ribosomal protein (prepared using glacial acetic acid2,10) to a column of CM cellulose. Four different peaks were reproducibly resolved. The electrophoresis patterns on polyacrylamide gels (15 per cent) of selected fractions are shown in Fig. 2. As Table 1 shows, the amino-acid compositions of these fractions, determined on a Technicon autoanalyser, are quite distinct. Each fraction contains at least one amino-acid, the percentage of which is substantially greater or less than the percentage of that amino-acid in any other fraction. The relative difference in the contents of basic over acidic amino-acid residues increases regularly from a value of −7 mole per cent to 12 mole per cent. Tryptic fingerprints confirm the presence of extensive differences in primary structure between each of these fractions; with the exception of fractions 1a and 1b, each fraction shows a different tryptic fingerprint with strong spots uniquely missing or present on comparison with any of the other fingerprints (Fig. 3).
Rapid solidification of laser-processed chromium steels

Abstract Laser surface alloying of thin and thick chromium coatings on 0.5 and 1.0 wt.% C steels was performed to generate alloys containing 10, 20 and 40 wt.% Cr to a nominal melt depth of 200 μm. The effects of rapid solidification on the microstructures of these alloys were then examined using transmission electron microscopy. The 10 wt.% Cr alloys exhibited martensitic structures with fine precipitates of M3C carbide and small amounts of retained austenite. The 20 wt.% Cr alloys consisted of duplex austenite-ferrite structures. In addition, M23C6 carbide precipitation was identified but only in 1.0 wt.% C alloy. The 40 wt.% Cr alloys exhibited ferrite-M23C6 carbide structures. The rapid solidification effects including retention of supersaturated austenite, lack of carbide precipitation and morphology of phases are discussed as a function of alloy content.
Meeting highlights: 46th Annual Scientific Sessions of the American College of Cardiology.

The following studies were presented at the 46th Annual Scientific Sessions of the American College of Cardiology, March 16-19, 1997, Anaheim, Calif. Dr Eric Topol, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, presented the third Global Use of STrategies to Open occluded coronary arteries (GUSTO III) study. This was a randomized trial that compared recombinant plasminogen activator (RPA) with accelerated tissue plaminogen activator (TPA) in patients within 6 hours of an acute myocardial infarction (MI). Between November 1996 and January 1997, a total of 15 060 patients were enrolled at 880 hospitals in 20 countries. Qualifying patients were randomized in a 2:1 fashion to RPA (two 10-μm boluses 30 minutes apart) or TPA (90-minute accelerated regimen). Patients were treated with adjunctive aspirin (150 to 325 mg/d) and intravenous heparin. The primary end point of the study was all-cause mortality at 30 days. Of the total population enrolled, 13.5% were >75 years of age and 27.5% were women. With regard to the primary end point of the trial, 30-day mortality in the RPA group was 7.43%, versus 7.2% in the TPA group ( P =.63). There also were no significant differences between the RPA and TPA groups in 24-hour (2.99% versus 2.67%) or in-hospital mortality rates (6.96% versus 6.25%). The incidence of severe bleeding complications was similar between groups (0.72% with RPA versus 0.82% with TPA). In the RPA group, the incidence of hemorrhagic stroke was 0.91% (versus 0.88% with TPA), the incidence of nonhemorrhagic stroke was 0.61% (versus 0.73% with TPA), and the incidence of any stroke was 1.67% (versus 1.83% with TPA). When patients were stratified by age, there were still no significant differences in mortality between the RPA and TPA groups in patients 75 years of age (21.5% versus 20.2%). Dr Topol concluded …
Decision tree approach for classification and dimensionality reduction of electronic nose data

Abstract This paper presents a decision tree approach using two different tree models, C4.5 and CART, for use in the classification and dimensionality reduction of electronic nose (EN) data. The decision tree is a tree structure consisting of internal and terminal nodes which process the data to ultimately yield a classification. The decision tree is proficient at both maintaining the role of dimensionality reduction and at organizing optimally sized classification trees, and therefore it could be a promising approach to analyze EN data. In the experiments conducted, six sensor response parameters were extracted from the dynamic sensor responses of each of the four metal oxide gas sensors. The six parameters observed were the rising time (Tr), falling time (Tf), total response time (Tt), normalized peak voltage change (yp,n), normalized curve integral (CI), and triangle area (TA). One sensor parameter from each metal oxide sensor was used for the classification trees, and the best classification accuracy of 97.78% was achieved by CART using the CI parameter. However, the accuracy of CART was improved using all of the sensor parameters as inputs to the classification tree. The improved results of CART, having an accuracy of 98.89%, was comparable to that of two popular classifiers, the multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network and the fuzzy ARTMAP network (accuracy of 98.89%, and 100%, respectively). Furthermore, as a dimensionality reduction method the decision tree has shown a better discrimination accuracy of 100% for the MLP classifier and 98.89% for the fuzzy ARTMAP classifier as compared to those achieved with principle component analysis (PCA) giving 81.11% and 97.78%, and a variable selection method giving 92.22% and 93.33% (for the same MLP and fuzzy ARTMAP classifiers). Therefore, a decision tree could be a promising technique for a pattern recognition system for EN data in terms of two functions; as classifier which is an optimally organized classification tree, and as dimensionality reduction method for other pattern recognition techniques.
Utilization and outcome of laparoscopic versus robotic general and bariatric surgical procedures at Academic Medical Centers

Robotic-assisted general and bariatric surgery is gaining popularity among surgeons. The aim of this study was to analyze the utilization and outcome of laparoscopic versus robotic-assisted laparoscopic techniques for common elective general and bariatric surgical procedures performed at Academic Medical Centers. We analyzed data from University HealthSystem Consortium clinical database from October 2010 to February 2014 for all patients who underwent laparoscopic versus robotic techniques for eight common elective general and bariatric surgical procedures: gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, gastric band, antireflux surgery, Heller myotomy (HM), cholecystectomy (LC), colectomy, rectal resection (RR). Utilization and outcome measures including demographics, in-hospital mortality, major complications, 30-day readmission, length of stay (LOS), and costs were compared between techniques. 96,694 laparoscopic and robotic procedures were analyzed. Utilization of the robotic approach was the highest for RR (21.4 %), followed by HM (9.1 %). There was no significant difference in in-hospital mortality or major complications between laparoscopic versus robotic techniques for all procedures. Only two procedures had improved outcome associated with the robotic approach: robotic HM and robotic LC had a shorter LOS compared to the laparoscopic approach (2.8 ± 3.6 vs. 2.3 ± 2.1; respectively, p < 0.05 for HM and 2.9 ± 2.4 vs. 2.3 ± 1.7; respectively, p < 0.05 for LC). Costs were significantly higher (21 %) in the robotic group for all procedures. A subset analysis of patients with minor/moderate severity of illness showed similar results. This national analysis of academic centers showed a low utilization of robotic-assisted laparoscopic elective general and bariatric surgical procedures with the highest utilization for rectal resection. Compared to conventional laparoscopy, there were no observed clinical benefits associated with the robotic approach, but there was a consistently higher cost.
A Revolução de Outubro e o problema das nacionalidades

37 ESDE PELO MENOS o momento da conquista de Kazan por Ivan IV, tem havido peculiar conexao entre as formas de poder estatal na Russia e a frequentemente descartada questao nacional. Quando, em meados do seculo XV, a Russia deixou de ser uma nacao relativamente homogenea etnicamente, tornando-se uma nacao multinacional, as relacoes entre a elite governante – constituida amplamente por etnicos russos e nao-russos russificados e os povos naorussos subordinados, referidos variavelmente como inorodtsy ou inozemtsy – foram sempre desiguais, de subordinacao e superordenacao, nas quais aqueles com competencia cultural russa tinham acesso privilegiado ao poder e prestigio. Embora o acesso a elite nunca estivesse inteiramente fechado para os nao-russos, o grau de dificuldade para o movimento social ascendente diferia entre os povos nao-russos. Enquanto os alemaes balticos tinham entrada relativamente facil aos circulos de poder, outros povos, notadamente os judeus, os muculmanos da Asia Central, e os armenios apos 1885, encontravam seu caminho bloqueado. As praticas czaristas – que distinguiam a comunidade central etnico-religiosa, os russos, dos outros e, ao mesmo tempo, mantinham estes outros perifericos em uma relacao subordinada a nacionalidade central – podem ser caracterizadas como imperiais. A Russia imperial Embora uma protoautocracia tenha existido em Muscovy antes de Ivan IV, a longevidade da autocracia e as racionalizacoes ideologicas que a acompanharam estavam vinculadas ao imperativo politico de manutencao da unidade do Estado e da estrutura hierarquica social e racial face a heterogeneidade etnica do imperio russo. Enquanto os povos eram entendidos como sendo cultural e etnicamente superiores e inferiores, a multinacionalidade, em um contexto de relacoes interetnicas desiguais e de exploracao, constituia um impedimento estrutural-chave para o desenvolvimento de formas politicas alternativas. A manutencao conservadora de relacoes basicamente desiguais, imperiais, entre os povos tornava dificil a introducao as formas constitucionais mais liberais e utopicas, as reformas democraticas. Embora alguns lideres politicos russos tenham reconhecido, ainda que relutantemente, que manter o imperio impedia a probabilidade de um sistema politico representativo, outros, dos liberais aos bolcheviques, tentaram forcar uma uniao entre o Estado unitario que o czarismo havia criado e alguma forma de politica democratica. A variedade de entidades politicas no interior do imperio russo, desde o grao-ducado da Finlândia e o vice-reinado da Caucasia ate o canato de Bukhara e
An expert system in fracture mechanics

Abstract A material expert system has been established for the evaluation of critical flaw size in structural components subjected to fatigue loads. Specimen/size, load amplitude and mean stress and material type can be varied such that their combined effects can be accounted for in determining the condition of global instability. This corresponds to the onset of rapid crack propagation. This computer expert system permits quick access to material selection and geometry alteration design.
The effect of ejaculation on albumin excretion rate

Microalbuminuria predicts the development of diabetic nephropathy. Large daily variations in albumin excretion rates are frequently observed. Because seminal fluid contains protein and albumin, we reasoned that sexual activity, ejaculation, or residual urethral semen could contribute to albumin content in urine and thus effect determination of albumin excretion rate. Our study was designed to determine the effect of ejaculation of albumin excretion rate and to ascertain if patients routinely should be advised to refrain from sexual activity during or before the urine collection period. Ten normotensive, nondiabetic men (age 31.0 +/- 2.3 years) collected 24-h urine specimens on three occasions: after 3 days of abstinence from sexual activity, during a 24-h period which included one ejaculatory episode, and on a day following sexual activity. Results for albumin excretion rate were: abstinence day: 4.8 +/- 0.7 micrograms/min; sex day: 6.3 +/- 1.1 microgram/min; post-sex day: 4.9 +/- 1.0 micrograms/min. There was no significant difference between these values when compared directly or after log transformation. There also were no differences in urinary creatinine excretion or clearance. We conclude that in nondiabetic individuals ejaculation does not influence albumin excretion rate.