cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The FLT3 Inhibitor PKC412 Interacts Synergistically with Both Daunorubicin and Cytarabine in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Cells by Heterogeneous Mechanisms.

Both FLT3 activating mutations and overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transport proteins that confer multidrug resistance (MDR) are associated with inferior treatment outcomes in AML. The protein kinase C inhibitor PKC412 inhibits both FLT3 signaling and drug transport by the ABC protein P-glycoprotein (Pgp; ABCB1). The effects of PKC412 on other MDR-associated ABC proteins expressed in AML cells, including multidrug resistance protein-1 (MRP-1; ABCC1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP; ABCG2), are not known. We studied the effects of PKC412 on transport of MDR protein substrate drugs and its interactions with the MDR protein substrate daunorubicin (DNR) and the non-MDR protein substrate cytarabine (AraC) in cell lines overexpressing Pgp (HL60/VCR), MRP-1 (HL60/ADR) and BCRP (8226/MR20), in wild-type HL60 cells, which express no MDR proteins, and in 8 AML patient bone marrow samples characterized for FLT3 mutations by a DNA-based assay and for expression and function of Pgp, MRP-1 and BCRP by flow cytometry using specific antibodies (MRK16, MRPm6 and BXP21) and modulators (PSC-833, probenecid and fumitemorgin C). in vitro drug sensitivity was assessed by cell survival measured by the wst-1 assay following 48- (AML samples) or 96- (cell lines) hour continuous drug exposure in 96-well microculture assays, and drug interactions were evaluated by the combination index approach of Chou and Talalay. PKC412 increased uptake of MDR protein substrate drugs in cell lines overexpressing MRP-1 and BCRP, as well as Pgp, in a concentration-dependent manner, with maximum effects at ≥5 μM. PKC412 was cytotoxic to all cell lines studied, and cell lines overexpressing Pgp, MRP-1 and BCRP were 20- to 40-fold resistant to PKC412 in relation to parental drug-sensitive cells, suggesting that PKC412 may be a substrate for Pgp, MRP-1 and BCRP and may thus modulate drug transport by competitive inhibition. The combination of PKC412 with DNR synergistically decreased cell survival (CI 50 values in vitro sensitivity to PKC412 did not differ between these two groups. All eight samples exhibited expression or function of at least one ABC transport protein. Synergistic cytotoxicity was observed for the combination of PKC412 with DNR in 7 of 8 AML patient samples, whereas the combination of PKC412 with AraC produced synergistic cytotoxicity in 4, including 3 with wild-type FLT3 and one with FLT3 ITD. Thus combinations of PKC412 with DNR and with AraC have the potential for synergistic activity in the treatment of AML, and synergy occurs both through modulation of Pgp, MRP-1 and BCRP and through other, likely heterogeneous, mechanisms. Interactions of PKC412 with both MDR protein substrate and non-substrate chemotherapy drugs have the potential to be exploited in novel combination regimens.
Video Capsule Endoscopy: Technology, Reading, and Troubleshooting

Video capsule endoscopy (VCE) has completed the endoscopic visualization of the entire luminal gastrointestinal tract. VCE can be performed in inpatients and outpatients, requires appropriate bowel preparation before the study, and can be administered via oral swallowing or endoscopic device placement into the small bowel based on outlined patient-dependent factors. Current commercially available VCE systems were reviewed and compared for individual features and attributes. This article focuses on preparation for VCE, currently available VCE technology, how to read a VCE study, and risks and contraindications to VCE.
Probing the Relative Photoinjection Yields of Monomer and Aggregated Dyes into ZnO Crystals.

Cyanine dyes, often used in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), form a range of molecular species from monomers to large H and J aggregates in both solution and when adsorbed at a photoelectrode surface. To determine the relative capability of the different dye species to inject photoexcited electrons into a wideband gap oxide semiconductor, sensitization at a single-crystal zinc oxide surface was studied by simultaneous attenuated reflection (ATR) ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) absorption and photocurrent spectroscopy measurements. ATR measurements enable identification of the dye species populating the surface with simultaneous photocurrent spectroscopy to identify the contribution of the various dye forms to photocurrent signal. We study the dye 2,2′-carboxymethylthiodicarbocyanine bromide that is particularly prone to aggregation both in solution and at the surface of sensitized oxide semiconductors.
Chapter 8 – Stress shadow

Interaction between parallel fractures is analyzed and discussed in this chapter. The discussion is then extended to a complex fracture network.
Interaction of size-selected gold nanoclusters with dopamine

We present density functional theory based results on the interaction of size-selected gold nanoclusters, Au 10 and Au 20 , with dopamine molecule. The gold clusters interact strongly with the nitrogen site of dopamine, thereby forming stable gold-dopamine complexes. Our calculations further show that there is no site specificity on the planar Au 10 cluster with all the edge gold atoms equally preferred. On the other hand, in the pyramidal Au 20 cluster, the vertex metal atom is the most active site. As the size increased from Au 10 to Au 20 , the interaction strength has shown a declining trend. The effect of aqueous environment on the interaction strengths were also studied by solvation model. It is found that the presence of solvent water stabilizes the interaction between the metal cluster and dopamine molecule, even though for Au 10 cluster the energy ordering of the isomers changed from that of the gas-phase.
El desarrollo de la geografía médica: una reseña de tendencias actuales

El objetivo de esta nota consiste en resenar la evolucion del campo de la geografia medica, sobre todo en el ambito de la produccion cientifica del mundo angloparlante. Se identifican vertientes principales que sirven para orientar la evolucion de la geografia medica, y se detalla la diversificacion reciente de los temas, bases teoricas y orientaciones metodologicas de este campo. Ademas, se propone que la geografia medica es beneficiaria de ciertos cambios ajenos del ambito de la geografia academica, sobre todo tendencias favorables en la formacion de profesionales del sector salud y en las politicas de salud publica a nivel internacional.
Numerical study of anisotropy in a composite Fermi liquid

We perform density-matrix renormalization group studies of a two-dimensional electron gas in a high perpendicular magnetic field and with an anisotropic band mass. At half filling in the lowest Landau level, such a system is a Fermi liquid of composite fermions. By measuring the Fermi surface of these composite fermions, we determine a relationship between the anisotropy of composite fermion dispersion ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{CF}$ and the original anisotropy ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{F}$ of the fermion dispersion at zero magnetic field. For systems where the electrons interact via a Coulomb interaction, we find ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{CF}=\sqrt{{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{F}}$ within our numerical accuracy. The same result has been found concurrently in recent experiments. We also find that the relationship between the anisotropies is dependent on the form of the electron-electron interaction.
Robust stabilization of a class of nonholonomic systems using logical switching and integral sliding mode control

Abstract The problem of stabilization of a class of nonholonomic systems that can be transformed into chained form is considered. Since nonholonomic systems cannot be stabilized using smooth and time invariant control, a switching algorithm comprising three distinct steps is employed to stabilize the system. The proposed algorithm allows the system to be reduced into simpler subsystems and affords employing different controllers in each step. Using this approach, desired performance and robustness properties of the feedback control system can be guaranteed. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is established by applying it on a unicycle type system moving on hyperbolic plane. In order to make the controller robust, integral sliding mode control is introduced that guarantees robust stabilization. Simulation results confirm the mathematical developments.
Hepatocellular carcinoma: Diagnosis, treatment algorithms, and imaging appearance after transarterial chemoembolization

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common cause of cancer-related death, with incidence increasing worldwide. Unfortunately, the overall prognosis for patients with HCC is poor and many patients present with advanced stages of disease that preclude curative therapies. Diagnostic and interventional radiologists play a key role in the management of patients with HCC. Diagnostic radiologists can use contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound to diagnose and stage HCC, without the need for pathologic confirmation, by following established criteria. Once staged, the interventional radiologist can treat the appropriate patients with percutaneous ablation, transarterial chemoembolization, or radioembolization. Follow-up imaging after these liver-directed therapies for HCC can be characterized according to various radiologic response criteria; although, enhancement-based criteria, such as European Association for the Study of the Liver and modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, are more reflective of treatment effect in HCC. Newer imaging technologies like volumetric analysis, dual-energy CT, cone beam CT and perfusion CT may provide additional benefits for patients with HCC.
Paving the Way for Improved Treatment of Acute Stroke with Tenecteplase.

The treatment of acute ischemic stroke is changing rapidly. Three years ago, endovascular thrombectomy was added to thrombolysis with intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (alteplase...
Relationship Between Patient-Reported Swelling and Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Defined Effusion-Synovitis in Patients With Meniscus Tears and Knee Osteoarthritis.

Objective Synovitis is a prevalent feature in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) and meniscal tear and is associated with pain and cartilage damage. Patient-reported swelling is also prevalent in this population. The aim of this study was to investigate the cross-sectional association between patient-reported swelling and effusion-synovitis detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with OA and meniscal tear. Methods We used baseline data from a multicenter, randomized controlled trial, Meniscal Tear in Osteoarthritis Research (METEOR). MRI-identified effusion-synovitis, a proxy for effusion and synovitis on noncontrast MRIs, was graded as none/small versus medium/large. Using MRI-identified effusion-synovitis as the gold standard, we assessed the sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of patient self-reported swelling in the previous week (none, intermittent, constant) to detect effusion and synovitis. Results We analyzed data from 276 patients. Twenty-five percent of patients reported no swelling, 40% had intermittent swelling, and 36% had constant swelling. Fifty-two percent had MRI-identified medium/large-grade effusion-synovitis. As compared with MRI-identified effusion-synovitis, any patient-reported swelling (versus none) had a sensitivity of 84% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 77-89), a specificity of 34% (95% CI 26-43), and a positive predictive value of 57% (95% CI 54-61). A history of constant swelling (versus none or intermittent) showed a sensitivity of 46% (95% CI 37-54), a specificity of 75% (95% CI 67-82), and a positive predictive value of 66% (95% CI 58-74). Conclusion We found that the sensitivity and specificity of patient-reported swelling were modest when compared with effusion-synovitis detected by MRI. These data urge caution against using patient-reported swelling as a proxy of inflammation manifesting as effusion-synovitis.
Sex Differences in Omega-3 and -6 Fatty Acids and Health Status Among Young Adults With Acute Myocardial Infarction: Results From the VIRGO Study.

BackgroundYoung women (aged ≤55 years) with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have poorer health status outcomes than similarly aged men. Low omega‐3 fatty acids (FAs) have been implicated as risk ...
CREEP LIFE ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUES FOR PIPING

ABSTRACT Significant advances have been made during the last five years in predicting crack initiation and in assessing crack growth in high temperature components operating in fossil power plants. These advances are reviewed.
Effects of saline sprays on symptoms after endoscopic sinus surgery.

BackgroundTopical saline is commonly recommended after endoscopic sinus surgery. The efficacy in this situation has never been shown.MethodsWe performed a controlled clinical trial to determine the...
Fiduciary Duty, Subprime Lending and the Economic Downturn

This article explores decision making relating to the compensation of executives of the Wall Street firms and mortgage companies that entered into the subprime and predatory lending debacle that precipitated the economic crisis in the first decade of the 21st Century. Obviously, the determination of their compensation involves questions relating to the fiduciary duty of loyalty. A more controversial issue involves the decision executives made to enter the subprime market and whether executives breached the duty of good faith owed to their shareholders.
After tragedy: Melodrama and the rhetoric of realism:

Responding to renewed interest in political rhetoric among contemporary International Relations (IR)–realists, this article advances three main claims. First, it suggests that tragedy—the dominant ...
Going Private: Climate Action by Businesses and Individuals

This is a review of a new book by Michael Vandenbergh and Jonathan Gilligan, Beyond Politics: The Private Governance Response to Climate Change. They make a persuasive case that private initiatives in this area have been underestimated. The review seeks to build on their analysis in two ways. First, it examines what features of private action make it more or less a form of “governance,” and it suggests some ways the private sector could move further toward regulatory governance. Second, it considers ways to expand synergies between private action and governmental efforts. If, as seems likely, climate action is likely to be as much bottom-up as top-down, it is important to explore how the private sector can contribute to this effort.
Analysis of wax esters in seven commercial waxes using C30 reverse phase HPLC

Commercial waxes are difficult to analyze due to their limited solubility in most organic solvents. Recently, our laboratory published a new reverse phase HPLC-MS method using a C30 column, a gradi...
Patient-centered psychiatric care for youth in foster care: a systematic and critical review

ABSTRACTYouth in the U.S. foster care system are prescribed risky psychotropic medications at high rates. In response, state child welfare agencies have developed policies, yet there is little rese...
Use of Probiotics to Prevent Celiac Disease and IBD in Pediatrics.

The incidence of chronic inflammatory diseases (CIDs) is increasing worldwide. Their dramatic rise associated with limited effective strategies to slow down these epidemics calls for a better understanding of their pathophysiology in order to decrease the burdens on childhood. Several cross-sectional studies have demonstrated the association between intestinal dysbiosis and active diseases. Although informative, these studies do not mechanistically link alterations of the microflora with disease pathogenesis and, therefore, with potential therapeutic targets. More prospective studies are needed to determine whether intestinal dysbiosis plays a causative role in the onset and development of CIDs. Furthermore, given the complexity of the microflora interaction with the host, it is necessary to design a systems-level model of interactions between the host and the development of disease by integrating microbiome, metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, and metabolomics with either clinical either environmental data.
Hydroboration of substituted alkynes using a solid polymeric carboxylic acid catalyst

Abstract A polymer-supported benzoic acid catalyst for the hydroboration of substituted alkynes with pinacolborane is reported. The robustness of the heterogenous catalyst is demonstrated through catalyst recycle, with comparable reactivity to the homogeneous catalyst. A mechanistic investigation that includes determination of a reaction rate law, 1H and 11B NMR studies, as well elucidation of the H/D kinetic isotope effect is used to identify the pathway through which product formation occurs. The polymer support provided a recoverable handle, with the active sites in close proximity to promote a two-site reaction pathway with the identification of key boryl species through 11B NMR. The activated alkynyl species is converted through a concerted hydroboration mechanism, supported by inverse KIE values, releasing product and regenerating the active site. Kinetic studies, where initial rates are proportional to the concentration of both the pinacolborane and the catalyst, but become inhibited by the alkyne at higher concentrations, suggest that the catalytic cycle can be described by a two-site rate expression with alkyne-derived surface species present during catalysis.
Dry and Semidry Tropical Cyclones

AbstractIt is widely believed that tropical cyclones are an intrinsically moist phenomenon, requiring evaporation and latent heat release in cumulus convection. Recent numerical modeling by Mrowiec...
Lost Without a Map

As it occasionally happens, I was running late. I was due to present findings of my recent research on the digital divide at Net Inclusion ’18. The research findings were exciting; based on an analysis of nearly 300,000 patients, we determined that a government-sponsored free public Wi-Fi system had increased health-care access and improved communication between patients and their doctors. I was thrilled to be able to present the work at a large session that would include everyone in attendance at the meeting, several hundred researchers, and other leaders. Somehow my enthusiasm did not prevent me from being late. I was travelling from a small project meeting in Cleveland’s University Circle to the conference which was about 4 miles away at the Global Center for Health Innovation. I had allowed just enough time to park and walk and catch my breath before taking to the podium.
Patient regrets after bilateral prophylactic mastectomy

Background: The discovery of a cadre of breast cancer susceptibility genes has resulted in an increase in the number of women seeking information about prophylactic breast surgery, but virtually no large-scale prospective databases exist to assist women considering prophylactic mastectomy. Methods: The authors constructed a National Prophylactic Mastectomy Registry comprised of a volunteer population of 817 women from 43 states who have undergone prophylactic mastectomy. Results: In the registry, 370 women had undergone bilateral prophylactic mastectomy. Twenty-one (5%) women expressed regrets about the procedure. The median follow-up was 14.6 years (mean 14.8 years; range 0.2–51 years). Those with regrets were subsetted into those with major (n=10) or minor (n=7) regrets. Regrets were more common in those women with whom discussion about prophylactic mastectomy was initiated by a physician (19/255), compared with patients who initiated the discussion themselves (2/108;P<.05). Conclusions: The overall satisfaction rate of 95% reported here may be explained by the voluntary nature of this registry. The most important factor that predicts an unfavorable outcome following bilateral prophylactic mastectomy is a physician-initiated discussion.
Demonstrating More Realistic Research Outcomes to Undergraduates in the Organic Teaching Lab: Separation of Product Mixtures, Structure Analysis, and Mechanistic Inquiry

How well does the undergraduate organic chemistry laboratory curriculum prepare students for academic research, or for a bench job in industry? Running experiments that are more representative of research chemistry has the potential to better equip students for working in a research laboratory, while at the same time giving them insight into a typical outcome in a research project. We describe here an experiment that we have launched in the sophomore organic chemistry lab at UC Davis that presents challenges in chromatographic separation, structural assignment by NMR, and mechanistic interpretation. Optional exercises in computational modeling of the NMR data and chromophore analysis by UV–vis/fluorescence measurements are included.
No Right to Leave the Nation: The Politics of Passport Denial and the Rise of the National Security State

This article provides an institutional and legal history of passport denial in the United States from World War I to the early Cold War. Identifying the Passport Division as a central institution of the national security state, the article shows that the state was deeply invested in regulating the international movement of people and in monopolizing international connections in a globalizing age. It also analyzes the rise of the Passport Division as an authoritative and autonomous bureaucracy to provide new insight into the institutional development of the national security state. It emphasizes particularly the ways that the executive branch, the Congress, and the Passport Division mutually constituted travel policy as a field of state action in a decades-long process stretching from World War I to the Cold War. It explores the centrality of the reputation of the Passport Division, as personified by its head, Ruth Shipley, in facilitating its rise as an authoritative institution in the field of travel policy. And by analyzing the ways that the Passport Division was able to survive civil libertarian challenges in the 1950s, it explores the surprising longevity of national security bureaucracies.
Developing a Surgical Site Infection Surveillance System Based on Hospital Unstructured Clinical Notes and Text Mining.

Background: Electronic surveillance using clinical and administrative data from multiple sources has been reported as a tool for surveillance of surgical site infections (SSIs), but experiences are limited. In this study, we aimed to assess the accuracy of a text-searching algorithm to detect SSIs in children based on the application of regular expressions of unstructured clinical notes collected through different information systems. Methods: We developed an information system data warehouse that integrates data provided by electronic health and administrative records for patients who underwent surgical procedures in index weeks when active SSIs surveillances was conducted. To capture whether the patient developed an SSI, we developed a customized application to analyze clinical notes and code descriptions applying a pattern-matching algorithm based on regular expressions. We described the SSI cases detected by the active surveillance and the text-searching algorithm. To assess the accuracy in identifying the SSIs through the two methods, we adopted a reference standard that calculated the total number of SSIs as those detected by active surveillance plus those derived by the text-searching algorithm that was missed by active surveillance. Results: Compared with the total number of SSIs used as a reference standard, both methods had a specificity of 100%, a positive predictive value of 100%, and a negative predictive value >99.5%. Sensitivity was 70% for the text-mining algorithm and 60% for the active surveillance. Accuracy was >99% with both methods. The kappa value was 0.46. Conclusions: Compared with conventional surveillance of SSIs, a text-searching algorithm is a valid tool for case finding that has the potential to reduce drastically the workload of conventional surveillance, which involved direct contact with all families.
Chapter 8 – The Interests of the Public

Publisher Summary The National Health Service (NHS) set out plans to establish a new system of patient and public involvement (PPI), replacing Community Health Councils in England, as part of the modernization program. The system was also designed to respond to the Bristol Royal Inquiry report, which recommended representation of patient interests “on the inside” of the NHS and at every level. NHS organizations have a duty to involve patients and the public in decision making about the operation of the NHS. Local authority overview and scrutiny committees (OSCs) scrutinize the NHS and represent local views on the development of local health services. Directions to local authorities set out the powers of the OSCs. They can review and scrutinize health service matters and make reports and recommendations. Independent complaints advocacy services (ICAS) provides information, support, and guidance to help complainants articulate their concerns and navigate the complaints system. This may include assistance with constructing a complaints letter, drafting, or attendance at meetings. The new arrangements are complemented by a non-statutory arrangement, patient advocacy and liaison services (PALS). PALS are trust-based services able to assist and support patients. They provide information and resolve problems and difficulties.
Factors Associated With Physician Recommendation of Home Blood Pressure Monitoring and Blood Pressure in the US Population.

BACKGROUND Hypertension guidelines recommend home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) to help achieve blood pressure (BP) control. We hypothesized that HBPM use with a physician recommendation would be associated with lower BP and greater medication adherence. METHODS We used data from 6,320 adults with hypertension in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009-2014 to characterize the association of (i) provider recommendation for HBPM and (ii) HBPM use on 2 outcomes: measured BP (linear regression) and medication adherence (logistic regression). Provider recommendation, HBPM use, and medication use were self-reported. RESULTS Among adults with hypertension, 30.1% reported a physician recommendation for HBPM, among whom 82.0% reported using HBPM. Among those who did not report a physician recommendation for HBPM, 28.3% used HBPM. Factors associated with a physician recommendation were having health insurance, higher education attainment, hypertension awareness, and having a prescription for antihypertensive medication. Among those who reported receiving a physician recommendation, those who used HBPM had a mean BP that was 3.1/4.5 mm Hg lower than those who did not. Those who reported having a physician recommendation and using HBPM were more likely to report hypertension medication adherence (odds ratio 2.9; 95% confidence interval: 2.0, 4.4). CONCLUSIONS HBPM use was associated with lower BP and higher medication adherence. Use of HBPM was higher among those with a physician recommendation. These results support a role for physicians in counseling and partnering with patients on HBPM use for BP management.
Ancient Egyptians at play: board games across borders

This innovative study of Egyptian games and gaming provides the most comprehensive overview to date, providing an essential guide for archaeologists wanting to identify games in the field and those...
Patients transferred within a telestroke network for large-vessel occlusion:

IntroductionIn a telestroke network, patients at a referring hospital (RH) with large-vessel occlusion (LVO) are transferred to a comprehensive stroke centre (CSC) for endovascular thrombectomy (EV...
The role of social isolation in physical and emotional outcomes among patients with chronic pain.

Abstract Objective Social isolation negatively impacts early-disease processes and long-term health. Individuals with chronic pain are more vulnerable to social isolation, which exacerbates symptoms. It is currently unclear whether: 1. group-based programs for chronic pain improve social isolation, 2. improvements in social isolation account for improvements in outcomes. This study involved secondary data analysis of participants in a 10-week mind-body physical activity program. We examined whether social isolation improved during treatment, and whether such improvements accounted for improvements in emotional and physical functioning. Methods Participants (N = 82) with chronic pain were randomized to a group-based mind-body physical activity intervention with (GetActive-Fitbit; n = 41) or without a Fitbit device (GetActive; n = 41). Participants completed self-reported measures of social isolation, emotional functioning (depression and anxiety symptoms), and multimodal physical functioning (self-report, performance-based, and objective). We used linear mixed effects modeling to examine pre-post treatment changes in social isolation and whether these changes accounted for improvements in emotional and physical functioning. Results Both interventions were associated with significant and comparable improvements in social isolation from baseline to end of treatment, and improvements in social isolation accounted for significant improvements in self-reported emotional and physical functioning. Conclusion Interventions may target social isolation in chronic pain to optimize treatment outcomes.
Abstract GS3-08: Persistent controlled substance use following mastectomy with reconstruction surgery

Introduction Cancer surgery has been linked to chronic opioid use post-operatively, with up to 10% of patients continuing to fill opioid prescriptions beyond 3 months after surgery. However, previous studies have not compared post-operative opioid use between those with and without a diagnosis of cancer. Furthermore, it is unknown if a similar pattern exists regarding the use of benzodiazepines (benzos) and other non-benzo sedative/hypnotics (N-benzos) after mastectomy and reconstruction (M+R). Methods We used the MarketScan healthcare claims database to evaluate women >18 years of age who underwent M+R between the years 2008-2017. We identified prescriptions for opioids, benzos and N-benzos during three periods: 365 days to 31 days prior to surgery (period 1); 31 days prior to 90 days after their surgery (period 2); and 90 days to 365 days after surgery (period 3). Patients who used controlled substances prior to surgery (i.e. who filled at least one prescription for a given agent during period 1) were excluded from the analysis. Patients who had no use in period 1 but filled at least one prescription in period 2 and at least two prescriptions in period 3 were considered new chronic users, and were compared to the other non-chronic users. A separate multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate demographic and clinical factors associated with risk of chronic use for each drug category. Results We identified cohorts of women who underwent M+R and were not prior users of opioids (n=26,264), benzos (n=29,163) or N-benzos (n=34,388). Within each of these groups, 12.1% became new chronic users of opioids after M+R, 5.3% became new chronic users of benzos and 2.6% became new chronic users of N-benzos. Higher rates of new chronic opioid use were seen in younger patients, those with Medicaid insurance (OR=1.37, p=.003), those with a diagnosis of breast cancer (OR=1.45; p=.03), receipt of chemotherapy (OR=1.35, p Conclusion Among women who underwent M+R, those with a diagnosis of breast cancer, those who received chemotherapy and those who were younger had a higher risk of new chronic controlled substance use. Particular attention should be paid to patients with mental health diagnoses and substance use diagnoses when managing pain, anxiety and sleep disorders. Citation Format: Jacob C Cogan, Rohit R Raghunathan, Melissa P Beauchemin, Melissa K Accordino, Alexander Melamed, Jason D Wright, Dawn L Hershman. Persistent controlled substance use following mastectomy with reconstruction surgery [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2020 San Antonio Breast Cancer Virtual Symposium; 2020 Dec 8-11; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(4 Suppl):Abstract nr GS3-08.
The Effects of Ice Habit on Simulated Orographic Snowfall

Author(s): Sterzinger, Lucas J; Igel, Adele L | Abstract: Many factors are at play in determining the amount and distribution of mountain snowfall predicted by weather models; among them is the influence of assumed ice habit. Ice habit is necessarily greatly simplified in microphysics schemes and uncertainty remains in how best to model ice processes. In this study we simulate a Sierra Nevada snowfall event driven by an extratropical cyclone in February 2014. We have simulated the storm with four fixed-habit types as well as with an ice habit scheme that is variable in time and space. In contrast to some previous studies, we found substantially smaller sensitivity of total accumulated precipitation amount and negligible changes in spatial distribution to the ice habit specification. The reason for smaller sensitivity seems to be linked to strong aggregation of ice crystals in the model. Nonetheless, while changes in total accumulated precipitation were small, changes in accumulated ice hydrometeors were larger. The variable-habit simulation produced up to 37% more ice precipitation than any of the fixed-habit simulations with an average increase of 14%. The variable-habit simulation led to a maximization of ice growth in the atmosphere and, subsequently, ice accumulation at the surface. This result points to the potential importance of accounting for the time and space variation of ice crystal properties in simulations of orographic precipitation.
Helicity Evolution at Small $x$: the Single-Logarithmic Contribution

We calculate single-logarithmic corrections to the small-$x$ flavor-singlet helicity evolution equations derived recently in the double-logarithmic approximation. The new single-logarithmic part of the evolution kernel sums up powers of $\alpha_s \, \ln (1/x)$, which are an important correction to the dominant powers of $\alpha_s \, \ln^2 (1/x)$ summed up by the double-logarithmic kernel at small values of Bjorken $x$ and with $\alpha_s$ the strong coupling constant. The single-logarithmic terms arise separately from either the longitudinal or transverse momentum integrals. Consequently, the evolution equations we derive simultaneously include the small-$x$ evolution kernel and the leading-order polarized DGLAP splitting functions. We further enhance the equations by calculating the running coupling corrections to the kernel.
Practice and Domination: Toward a Theory of Political Micro-economy

Older siblings play a role in their younger siblings’ language socialization by ratifying or rejecting linguistic behavior. In addition, older siblings may engage in a struggle to maintain their dominant position in the family hierarchy. This struggle is seen through the lens of language and political economy as a struggle for symbolic capital. Bilingual adolescent sibling interactions are analyzed as both acts of identity and expressions of symbolic power. This paper draws a theory of political micro-economy, which relates face-to-face interaction to larger structures of political economy through a process of fractal recursivity.
Restarting elective endoscopy safely amidst an evolving pandemic and the impact of patient perception.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to disruptions in elective and outpatient procedures. Guidance from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services provided a framework for gradual reopening of outpatient clinical operations. As the infrastructure to restart endoscopy has been more clearly described, patient concerns regarding viral transmission during the procedure have been identified. Moreover, the efficacy of the measures in preventing transmission have not been clearly delineated. METHODS: We identified patients with pandemic-related procedure cancellations from 3/16/2020 to 4/20/2020. Patients were stratified into tier groups (1-4) by urgency. Procedures were performed using our hospital risk mitigation strategies to minimize transmission risk. Patients who subsequently developed symptoms or tested for COVID-19 were recorded. RESULTS: Among patients requiring emergent procedures, 57.14% could be scheduled at their originally intended interval. COVID-19 concerns represented the most common rescheduling barrier. No patients who underwent post-procedure testing were positive for COVID-19. No cases of endoscopy staff transmission were identified. CONCLUSIONS: Non-COVID-19 related patient care during the pandemic is a challenging process that evolved with the spread of infection, requiring dynamic monitoring and protocol optimization. We describe our successful model for reopening endoscopy suites using a tier-based system for safe reintroduction of elective procedures while minimizing transmission to patients and staff. Important barriers included financial and transmission concerns that need to be addressed to enable the return to pre-pandemic utilization of elective endoscopic procedures.
Macrophage subtype predicts lymph node metastasis in oesophageal adenocarcinoma and promotes cancer cell invasion in vitro

Currently, there is a lack of ideal biomarkers for predicting nodal status in preoperative stage of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) to aid optimising therapeutic options. We studied the potential of applying subtype macrophages to predict lymph node metastasis and prognosis in EAC. Fifty-three EAC resection specimens were immunostained with CD68, CD40 (M1), and CD163 (M2). Lymphatic vessel density (LVD) was estimated with the staining of D2-40. Subsequently, we tested if M2d macrophage could promote EAC cell migration and invasion. In EAC without neoadjuvant treatment, an increase in M2-like macrophage was associated with poor patient survival, independent of the locations of macrophages in tumour. The M2/M1 ratio that represented the balance between M2- and M1-like macrophages was significantly higher in nodal-positive EACs than that in nodal-negative EACs, and inversely correlated with patient overall survival. The M2/M1 ratio was not related to LVD. EAC cell polarised THP1 cell into M2d-like macrophage, which promoted EAC cell migration and invasion. Neoadjuvant therapy appeared to diminish the correlation between the M2/M1 ratio and survival. The ratio of M2/M1 macrophage may serve as a sensitive marker to predict lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis in EAC without neoadjuvant therapy. M2d macrophage may have important roles in EAC metastasis.
Experimental testing of the analyticity structure of theS-matrix

A tentative experimental test of the analyticity structure of theS-matrix in low-energy nucleon-nucleon scattering is performed by showing that among an appreciable number of functions describing the energy dependence of phase shifts in proton-proton scattering dynamics, satisfying various threshold and asymptotic requirements, those having qualitatively the proper analytic structure give somewhat better fits to experimental data than those with «improper» analytic structure. Statements are also made about the relative merits of various approximation schemes.
Lambert-Eaton antibodies inhibit Ca2+ currents but paradoxically increase exocytosis during stimulus trains in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells.

Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) is an autoimmune disease that affects neurotransmitter release at peripheral synapses. LEMS antibodies inhibit Ca 2+ currents in excitable cells, but it is not known whether there are additional effects on stimulus-secretion coupling. The effect of LEMS antibodies on Ca 2+ currents and exocytosis was studied in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells using whole-cell voltage clamp in perforated-patch recordings. Purified LEMS IgGs from five patients inhibited N- and P/Q-type Ca 2+ current components to different extents. The reduction in Ca 2+ current resulted in smaller exocytotic responses to single depolarizing pulses, but the normal relationship between integrated Ca 2+ entry and exocytosis (Engisch and Nowycky, 1996) was preserved. The hallmark of LEMS is a large potentiation of neuromuscular transmission after high-frequency stimulation. In chromaffin cells, stimulus trains can induce activity-dependent enhancement of the Ca 2+ –exocytosis relationship. Enhancement during trains occurs most frequently when pulses are brief and evoke very small amounts of Ca 2+ entry (Engisch et al., 1997). LEMS antibody treatment increased the percentage of trains eliciting enhancement through two mechanisms: (1) by reducing Ca 2+ entry and (2) through a Ca 2+ -independent effect on the process of enhancement. This leads to a paradoxical increase in the amount of exocytosis during stimulus trains, despite inhibition of Ca 2+ currents.
Location Privacy in the Era of the Internet of Things and Big Data Analytics

Location information is generated in large quantities in the Internet of Things and becomes a major component of the big data phenomenon. This results in privacy issues involving sensing, identification, storage, processing, sharing, and use of this information in technical, social, and legal contexts. These issues must be addressed if the IoT is to be widely adopted and accepted. Theory will need to be developed and tested, and new research questions will need to be investigated. This exploratory research begins to identify, classify, and describe these issues and questions.
The advantage of tying one's hands: EMS discipline and Central Bank credibility

Abstract It is often argued that the EMS is an effective disciplinary device for inflation-prone countries in Europe, since it forces the respective policy-makers to pursue more restrictive monetary policies than they would otherwise. It is not clear, however, why these countries should submit themselves to such discipline. This paper argues that, to answer this question appropriately, one must consider that EMS membership brings potentially large credibility gains policy-makers in inflation-prone countries: the reason is that not only it attaches an extra penalty to inflation (in terms of real appreciation), but makes the public aware that the policy-maker is faced with such penalty, and thus helps to overcome the inefficiency stemming from the public's mistrust of the authorities.
A DIGITALIS THERAPY ADVISOR WITH EXPLANATIONS

This paper describes the English explanation facility of the OWL Digitalis Advisor, a program designed to advise physicians regarding digitalis therapy. The program is written in OWL, an English-based computer language being developed at MIT. The system can explain, in English, both the methods it uses and how those methods were applied during a particular session. In addition, the program can explain how it acquires information and tell the user how it deals with that information either in general or during a particular session.
The impact of privatization on organizational information needs: Lessons from the Brazilian Telecommunications Holding Company

Government‐owned monopolies are disappearing all over the world. These monopolies have been shielded from external competitors since their creation, and their liberalization and privatization are shaping an important role for competitive intelligence. In this paper, we analyze telecommunication deregulation in Brazil to explain the changing organizational information and intelligence needs of Telebras SA, the Brazilian holding company that manages the telecommunication monopoly.
Nicotine Selectively Enhances NMDA Receptor-Mediated Synaptic Transmission during Postnatal Development in Sensory Neocortex

The neurotransmitters acetylcholine (ACh) and glutamate have been separately implicated in synaptic plasticity during development of sensory neocortex. Here we show that these neurotransmitters can, in fact, act synergistically via their actions at nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChRs) and NMDA receptors, respectively. To determine how activation of nAChRs modifies glutamatergic EPSPs, we made whole-cell recordings from visualized pyramidal neurons in slices of rat auditory cortex. Pulsed (pressure) ejection of nicotine onto apical dendrites selectively enhanced EPSPs mediated by NMDA receptors without affecting AMPA/kainate (AMPA/KA) receptor-mediated EPSPs. The enhancement occurred during a transient, postnatal period of heightened cholinergic function [neurons tested on postnatal day 8-16 (P8-16)], and not in the mature cortex (>P19). Three related findings indicated the mechanism of action: (1) The specific alpha7 nAChR antagonist methyllycaconitine citrate (MLA) blocked the effect of nicotine; (2) pulsed nicotine did not enhance postsynaptic depolarizations induced by iontophoretically applied NMDA; and (3) bath exposure to nicotine for several minutes produced apparent nAChR desensitization and precluded enhancement of EPSPs by pulsed nicotine. Together, the data suggest that nicotine acts at rapidly desensitizing, presynaptic alpha7 nAChRs to increase glutamate release onto postsynaptic NMDA receptors. The synergistic actions mediated by alpha7 nAChRs and NMDA receptors may contribute to experience-dependent synaptic plasticity in sensory neocortex during early postnatal life.
Resumming the color-octet contribution to radiative [Formula Presented] decay

At the upper endpoint of the photon energy spectrum in Upsilon -> X gamma, the standard NRQCD power counting breaks down and the OPE gives rise to color-octet structure functions. Furthermore, in this kinematic regime large Sudakov logarithms appear in the octet Wilson coefficients. The endpoint spectrum can be treated consistently within the framework of a recently developed effective field theory of collinear and soft particles. Here we show that within this approach the octet structure functions arise naturally and that Sudakov logarithms can be summed using the renormalization group equations. We derive an expression for the resummed energy spectrum and, using a model lightcone structure function, investigate the phenomenological importance of the resummation.
Radiographic Capabilities of the MERCURY Monte Carlo Code

MERCURY is a modern, parallel, general-purpose Monte Carlo code being developed at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Recently, a radiographic capability has been added. MERCURY can create...
Effect of inert gas additive species on Cl2 high density plasma etching of compound semiconductors. Part II. InP, InSb, InGaP and InGaAs

The effects of the additive noble gases He, Ar and Xe on chlorine-based Inductively Coupled Plasma etching of InP, InSb, InGaP and InGaAs were studied as a function of source power, chuck power and discharge composition. The etch rates of all materials with C12/He and C12/Xe are greater than with C12/Ar. Etch rates in excess of 4.8 pndmin for InP and InSb with C12/He or C12/Xe, 0.9 pndmin for InGaP with C12/Xe, and 3.8 prdmin for InGaAs with Clz/Xe were obtained at 750 W ICP power, 250 W rf power, - 1570 C12 and 5 mTorr. All three plasma chemistries produced smooth morphologies for the etched InGaP surfaces, while the etched surface of InP showed rough morphology under all conditions.
Who am I in it for? Interpersonal Goals and Secure Base Support

Research has proposed a model of relationships that highlights the importance of two interpersonal goals: compassionate and self-image. The present research explored the role of interpersonal goals in shaping secure base support in romantic relationships. Using a cross-sectional design, Study 1 found that compassionate and self-image goals are, respectively, associated with higher and lower secure base support provision for one's romantic partner, controlling for emotional responsiveness. Study 2 employed a diary design in which within-person and a series of lagged analyses provided evidence that compassionate goals and self-image goals predict daily secure base support. Overall, the research provides evidence that interpersonal goals may influence secure base support provision for romantic partners, and are thus important for romantic relationship processes.