cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Operational Applications of Global Precipitation Measurement Observations

The NASA Global Precipitation Measurement Mission core satellite was launched in 2014, and the data observations provided by this mission are freely available to scientists around the globe in near real time. As part of the Early Adopter program, NASA’s Short-term Prediction Research and Transition (SPoRT) center has worked to provide these data to National Weather Service forecasters and hydrologists to determine its value within the operational environment. Over the course of three formal assessments with targeted users, forecasters have provided feedback to SPoRT on what types of data and value-added products are relevant to the offices’ primarily forecast challenges, how these GPM precipitation datasets can best be displayed, and what the products’ value is for specific weather-related phenomena. Forecasters in operational weather forecasting and hydrology valued using the precipitation estimate data, particularly in heavy rain events in which the impacts could be dangerous. These type of events include areal flooding from atmospheric river events, flash flooding from convective events, and assessing precipitation for mudslide risks. The gridded precipitation dataset from GPM, called IMERG, provided the most value to hydrologists. IMERG also provided some value to forecasters in retrospective cases, due to its longer latency. Snowfall-related products derived from GPM helped forecasters assess the intensity and location of falling snow, supplementing other datasets like ground-based radar. The passive microwave imagery, including RGB composites of different polarizations of single channels, helped tropical forecasters infer structure and intensity in tropical systems. The details and context of these results are provided herein to guide possible operational use of GPM’s datasets for forecasting and nowcasting.
Mapping Patent Usage in Management Research: The State of Prior Art:

Patents play an important, and increasingly influential, role in management scholarship. In this study, we conduct a broad and systematic review of patent-based empirical work in the management fie...
Evidence for Misaligned Disks in the T Tauri Triple System: 10 um Super-Resolution with MMTAO and Markov Chains

Although T Tauri is one of the most studied young objects in astronomy, the nature of its circumstellar environment remains elusive due, in part, to the small angular separation of its three components (North-South and South a-b are separated by 0.68" and 0.12" respectively). Taking advantage of incredibly stable, high Strehl, PSFs obtained with Mid-IR adaptive optics at the 6.5 meter MMT, we are able to resolve the system on and off the 10um silicate dust feature (8.7um, 10.55um, and 11.86um; 10% bandwidth), and broad N. At these wavelengths, South a-b are separated by only ~0.3 lambda/D. This paper describes a robust Markov Chain Monte Carlo technique to separate all three components astrometrically and photometrically, for the first time, in the mid-IR. Our results show that the silicate feature previously observed in the unresolved T Tau South binary is dominated by T Tau Sa's absorption, while Sb does not appear to have a significant feature. This suggests that a large circumbinary disk around Sa-Sb is not likely the primary source of cool dust in our line-of-sight, and that T Tau Sa is enshrouded by a nearly edge-on circumstellar disk. Surprisingly, T Tau Sb does not appear to have a similarly oriented disk.
The potential for small scale hydropower development in the US

In an earlier paper (Kosnik, 2008), the potential for small scale hydropower to contribute to US renewable energy supplies, as well as reduce current carbon emissions, was investigated. It was discovered that thousands of viable sites capable of producing significant amounts of hydroelectric power were available throughout the United States. The primary objective of this paper is to determine the cost-effectiveness of developing these small scale hydropower sites. Just because a site has the necessary topographical features to allow small scale hydropower development, does not mean that it should be pursued from a cost-benefit perspective, even if it is a renewable energy resource with minimal effects on the environment. This analysis finds that while the average cost of developing small scale hydropower is relatively high, there still remain hundreds of sites on the low end of the cost scale that are cost-effective to develop right now.
An Examination of the Investments in US Biotechnology Firms By Foreign and Domestic Corporate Partners

This study examines the characteristics that make start-up biotechnology firms attractive alliance partners. We distinguish between firm specific and location-specific characteristics as well as between foreign and domestic corporate partners. We present and test a longitudinal model of alliance development based on data from 64 public biotechnology firms. The results provide evidence that foreign and domestic alliance capital inflows are driven by different factors. Firm-specific factors explain minimal variance in capital inflows from foreign alliance partners; rather, location-specific factors seem to matter more. The reverse is true for domestic alliance partners. Further, our results suggest that firm size moderates the relationship between location-specific factors and capital inflows from foreign alliance partners such that larger firms benefit more when located in technologically munificent environments.
Characterizing Alternating Sign Triangles

Alternating sign triangles were introduced by Carroll and Speyer in relation to cube recurrence, by analogy to alternating sign matrices for octahedron recurrence. Permutation triangles are the alternating sign triangles whose entries are either 0 or 1, by analogy with permutation matrices. In this paper, we prove a simple characterization of permutation triangles, originally conjectured by Glick. We will also prove some properties of alternating sign triangles.
TikTok Tics: A Pandemic Within a Pandemic

Background TikTok is a social media platform where users create and share videos. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of this site greatly expanded. Tic and Tourette syndrome content also increased dramatically along with the number of patients with tics in neurology clinics. Objectives We compared the phenomenology of "TikTok tics" to typical tic disorders. We chose to analyze the most widely viewed videos and therefore focused on the most popular content creators. Methods Videos with the keywords "tic," "Tourette," or "tourettes" were reviewed to identify content creators between March 11, 2020 and March 30, 2021. We performed a quantitative assessment of TikTok tics as well as a descriptive analysis of the entire series of videos of each content creator. Results The mean age of the cohort was 18.8 years old, and the majority were women. Unlike the predominance of facial movements in typical tics, arm movements were most frequent. Average tics per minute was 29, and almost all recorded TikTok tics were severe, causing significant disability. Whereas coprolalia and self-injurious behavior are only infrequently encountered in typical tic disorders, they were present in the overwhelming majority of TikTok subjects. Conclusions TikTok tics are distinct from what is typically seen in patients with Tourette syndrome, although share many characteristics with functional tics. We believe this to be an example of mass sociogenic illness, which involves behaviors, emotions, or conditions spreading spontaneously through a group. A modern clinician needs to remain abreast of social media sources as knowledge of media content is essential in managing patients in the current environment.
Short-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution and emergency department visits for kidney diseases in the Atlanta metropolitan area.

Toxicological evidence has shown that fine particulate matter (PM2.5) may affect distant organs, including kidneys, over the short term. However, epidemiological evidence is limited. Objectives We investigated associations between short-term exposure to PM2.5, major PM2.5 components [elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), sulfate, and nitrate], and gaseous co-pollutants (O3, CO, SO2, NO2, and NOx) and emergency department (ED) visits for kidney diseases during 2002-2008 in Atlanta, Georgia. Methods Log-linear time-series models were fitted to estimate the acute effects of air pollution, with single-day and unconstrained distributed lags, on rates of ED visits for kidney diseases [all renal diseases and acute renal failure (ARF)], controlling for meteorology (maximum air and dew-point temperatures) and time (season, day of week, holidays, and long-term time trend). Results For all renal diseases, we observed positive associations for most air pollutants, particularly 8-day cumulative exposure to OC [rate ratio (RR) = 1.018, (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.003, 1.034)] and EC [1.016 (1.000, 1.031)] per interquartile range increase exposure. For ARF, we observed positive associations particularly for 8-day exposure to OC [1.034 (1.005, 1.064)], EC [1.032 (1.002, 1.063)], nitrate [1.032 (0.996, 1.069)], and PM2.5 [1.026 (0.997, 1.057)] per interquartile range increase exposure. We also observed positive associations for most criteria gases. The RR estimates were generally higher for ARF than all renal diseases. Conclusions We observed positive associations between short-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution and kidney disease outcomes. This study adds to the growing epidemiological evidence that fine particles may impact distant organs (e.g., kidneys) over the short term.
Subjective Information in Life Processes: A Computational Case Study

Information processing has increasingly gained traction as a unifying and holistic concept to characterize biological systems. Current research has obtained important but limited results in applying information to understanding life, mainly because of inherent syntactic constraints embedded in a universally accepted theory, formulated for communication system engineering, rather than a universal characterization of nature. In this paper, we further the notion of "subjective information", which takes into account the relative importance of different information sources for distinct life functions. To this end, we develop a computational model of a microorganism that requires two metabolic substrates to survive and grow. The substrates have different spatial distributions, and the organism acquires information on their environmental concentrations and gradients through a noisy receptor-binding process, ultimately guiding its chemotaxis in the environment to increase the chances of growth and survival. Our simulation results reveal a trade-off between a living system's capability to maximize the acquisition of information from the environment, and the maximization of its growth and survival over time, suggesting that a form of "subjective information" promotes growth and survival in life processes, rather than the classical, purely syntactic Shannon information.
An 8-Month-Old Infant With Respiratory Failure After a Fall

Case Presentation An 8-month-old previously healthy, full-term girl presented with altered mental status after falling approximately 3 feet from a bed, landing on her head. In the ED, she had a CT scan of her head (Fig 1) and was intubated for airway protection. While in the PICU, initial chest radiography showed bilateral infiltrates that were consistent with ARDS, which subsequently resolved. Her respiratory status continued to improve, which allowed a trial on CPAP with invasive neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) support, which she was unable to tolerate because of the need for increased support during sleep. On hospital day 8, she was extubated to noninvasive NAVA and was noted to have poor truncal tone and inability to lift or rotate her head. Repeat head CT scans were unchanged. Despite nasal CPAP and NAVA support, she experienced hypercapnia to 83 mm Hg that required reintubation. Brain MRI was completed on hospital day 10 (Fig 1). Lumbar puncture results were obtained, which were unremarkable. Extubation was attempted again on hospital days 15 and 22 with subsequent hypercapnia that required reintubation. She was able to gradually lengthen her CPAP trials but continued to have periods of hypercapnia and bradypnea.
A Double-Layer, Multi-Resolution Classification Model for Decoding Spatiotemporal Patterns of Spikes with Small Sample Size.

We build a double-layer, multiple temporal-resolution classification model for decoding single-trial spatiotemporal patterns of spikes. The model takes spiking activities as input signals and binary behavioral or cognitive variables as output signals and represents the input-output mapping with a double-layer ensemble classifier. In the first layer, to solve the underdetermined problem caused by the small sample size and the very high dimensionality of input signals, B-spline functional expansion and L1-regularized logistic classifiers are used to reduce dimensionality and yield sparse model estimations. A wide range of temporal resolutions of neural features is included by using a large number of classifiers with different numbers of B-spline knots. Each classifier serves as a base learner to classify spatiotemporal patterns into the probability of the output label with a single temporal resolution. A bootstrap aggregating strategy is used to reduce the estimation variances of these classifiers. In the second layer, another L1-regularized logistic classifier takes outputs of first-layer classifiers as inputs to generate the final output predictions. This classifier serves as a meta-learner that fuses multiple temporal resolutions to classify spatiotemporal patterns of spikes into binary output labels. We test this decoding model with both synthetic and experimental data recorded from rats and human subjects performing memory-dependent behavioral tasks. Results show that this method can effectively avoid overfitting and yield accurate prediction of output labels with small sample size. The double-layer, multi-resolution classifier consistently outperforms the best single-layer, single-resolution classifier by extracting and utilizing multi-resolution spatiotemporal features of spike patterns in the classification.
Victorian Renovations of the Novel: Narrative Annexes and the Boundaries of Representation

This study of narrative technique in Victorian novels introduces the concept of 'narrative annexes' whereby unexpected characters, impermissible subjects and plot-changing events are introduced within fictional worlds which otherwise exclude them. They are marked by the crossing of borders into previously unrepresented places and new genres or modes, challenging Victorian cultural and literary norms. Suzanne Keen's original readings of novels by Charlotte Bronte, Dickens, Disraeli, Hardy, Kingsley, Trollope, and Wells show these writers negotiating the boundaries of representation to reveal in narrative annexes the subjects (notably sexuality and social class) which contemporary critics sought to exclude from the realm of the novel. Fears of disease, of working men, of Popery, of dark-skinned 'others', of the poor who toil and starve in close proximity to the rectories, homes, clubs and walled gardens of Victorian polite society draw readers down narrow alleys, through thorny hedges, across desolate heaths, into narrative annexes.
Potential Clinical Significance of the p53 Tumor Suppressor Gene in Cancer Patients

Mutations of p53 are common in a wide spectrum of tumors.1 They occur commonly in both non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer cell lung cancer (SCLC), as well as breast, colon, head and neck, esophageal, hepatocellular and brain cancers.2,3 The precise role of these mutations in oncogenesis and the mechanisms involved are subjects of active investigation. The type of mutation found in many cancers suggests the mutations are caused by the interaction of DNA with a specific carcinogen.4 For example, mutations in p53 positively correlate with lifetime cigarette consumption.5 Radon exposure, which increases lung cancer risk, is also associated with p53 mutations, although the types of mutations differ from those seen in tobacco-associated lung cancer.6 Insertion of a wild-type p53 into lung cancer and colon cancer cell lines with a mutant or deleted p53 can suppress their growth even though the cells have multiple genetic lesions.7–9 The p53 protein may be overexpressed in lung cancer cells, although this is not always associated with the presence of a mutant p53 gene. However, overexpression of the p53 protein has correlated positively with a poor prognosis for some cancers.10,11 Deletions in 17p, p53 mutations, and 3p deletions have been detected in preneoplastic lesions of the lung such as severe dysplasia.12 Mutations in p53 and the ras oncogene appear to be independent events.13 Mutations in the p53 gene may have significance for several aspects of the clinical practice of oncology including cancer diagnosis, prognosis and staging, prevention and treatment, and these will be discussed in this chapter.
Salpingectomy and prevention of ovarian carcinoma

Abstract Advanced cases of epithelial, primary peritoneal, and primary tubal malignancies have relative poor prognosis and collectively remain the most deadly of all gynecologic malignancies. Recently, many studies have demonstrated that the fallopian tubes might be the origin of most high grade ovarian and peritoneal serous carcinoma. In this review, we describe the tubal carcinogenic pathway with the precancerous tubal lesions and the impact of salpingectomy for prevention of ovarian carcinoma.
Hospitalizations and testing in gastroparesis.

Background and Aim: Gastroparesis significantly impairs the quality of life in affected individuals and may lead to repeat hospitalizations due to refractory symptoms. We hypothesized that pain is a key reason for emergency encounters and diagnostic testing. Methods: Using the ICD9 code 536.3, electronic medical records were analyzed retrospectively. Multivariate regression was used to determine predictors of hospital stays and use of diagnostic testing. Results: In total, 326 patients (80% women, age: 44.1 ± 0.8 years) were identified. During 504 patient-years of follow up, patients were hospitalized on average slightly more than once annually for about 8 days and underwent 320 endoscopies, 366 computed tomography scans, 390 abdominal X-rays, 90 upper gastrointestinal contrast studies and 163 gastric emptying studies; 37 patients exceeded an annual radiation exposure of 20 mSv at least once. The majority of tests were confirmatory, with results not altering treatment. Vomiting and pain were the most common cause for emergency encounters and diagnostic testing. Age and comorbidity, but not opioid use (present in 25%) or the presence of chronic pain disorders (present in 32%) correlated with increased hospital days. Conclusions: While surrogate markers of pain do not predict repeat hospitalizations, pain was the primary reason for emergency encounters and frequent diagnostic testing. Repeated testing had a limited impact on treatment and outcome, but certainly contributes to the cost and even risk of care. Concerted efforts are needed to not only improve the care and quality of life of patients with gastroparesis, but also to reduce the number of potentially unnecessary or even harmful interventions.
Multivalent Metal-Induced Iron Acquisition from Transferrin and Lactoferrin by Myeloid Cells

We previously described a unique, high-capacity, ATP-independent mechanism through which myeloid cells acquire Fe from low-m.w. chelates. The rate of this Fe acquisition is markedly increased by cellular exposure to multivalent metal cations. Because most Fe in vivo is bound to transferrin or lactoferrin, we examined whether this mechanism also contributes to myeloid cell acquisition of Fe from transferrin and/or lactoferrin. Using HL-60 cells as a model system, we show cellular acquisition of 59Fe from both lactoferrin and transferrin that was unaffected by conditions that depleted the cells of ATP or disrupted their cytoskeleton. Fe acquisition was dramatically increased by cell exposure to various metals including Ga3+, Gd3+, Al3+, Fe3+, La3+, Zr4+, Sn4+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ by a process that was reversible. Exposure to these same metals also increased binding of both transferrin and lactoferrin to the cell surface by a process that does not appear to involve the well-described plasma membrane receptor for transferrin. Approximately 60% of the Fe acquired by the cells from transferrin and lactoferrin remained cell associated 18 h later. HL-60 cells possess a high-capacity multivalent metal-inducible mechanism for Fe acquisition from transferrin and lactoferrin that bears many similarities to the process previously described that allows these and other cell types to acquire Fe from low-m.w. Fe chelates. The biologic importance of this mechanism may relate to its high Fe acquisition capacity and the speed with which it is able to rapidly adapt to the level of extracellular Fe.
AhpF and other NADH:peroxiredoxin oxidoreductases, homologues of low Mr thioredoxin reductase.

A group of bacterial flavoproteins related to thioredoxin reductase contain an additional approximately 200-amino-acid domain including a redox-active disulfide center at their N-termini. These flavoproteins, designated NADH:peroxiredoxin oxidoreductases, catalyze the pyridine-nucleotide-dependent reduction of cysteine-based peroxidases (e.g. Salmonella typhimurium AhpC, a member of the peroxiredoxin family) which in turn reduce H2O2 or organic hydroperoxides. These enzymes catalyze rapid electron transfer (kcat > 165 s-1) through one tightly bound FAD and two redox-active disulfide centers, with the N-terminal-most disulfide center acting as a redox mediator between the thioredoxin-reductase-like part of these proteins and the peroxiredoxin substrates. A chimeric protein with the first 207 amino acids of S. typhimurium AhpF attached to the N-terminus of Escherichia coli thioredoxin reductase exhibits very high NADPH:peroxiredoxin oxidoreductase and thioredoxin reductase activities. Catalytic turnover by NADH:peroxiredoxin oxidoreductases may involve major domain rotations, analogous to those proposed for bacterial thioredoxin reductase, and cycling of these enzymes between two electron-reduced (EH2) and four electron-reduced (EH4) redox states.
Providing Voice Privacy over Public Switched Telephone Networks

The public telephone network has been evolving from manually switched wires carrying analog encoded voice of the I9th century to an automatically switched grid of copper-wired, fiber optical and radio linked portions carrying digitally encoded voice and other data. Simultaneously, as our security consciousness increases, so does our desire to keep our conversations private. Applied to the traffic traversing the globe on the public telephone network, privacy requires that our telephone companies provide us with a service whereby unintended third parties are unable to access other’s information. However, existing public telephone network infrastructures do not provide such a service. This paper proposes a security architecture that provides end-to-end voice privacy and authentication services within the boundaries of the existing public telephone network infrastructures. Proposed architecture uses public key cryptography for authentication and key distribution, and symmetric key cryptography for voice privacy. This work is a part of an on going project on securing telecommunication system architectures and protocols.
Epidemiology of slow and fast colonic transit using a scale of stool form in a community.

SUMMARYBackgroundMeasurement of gastrointestinal transit is commonly performed in theclinic, but data on transit in the community are lacking.AimTo estimate the prevalence of slow and fast colonic transit using stoolform, and potential risk factors.MethodsA validated self-reported gastrointestinal symptom questionnaire wasmailed to 4196 randomly selected members of the community (responserate 54%). One question asked the subject to self-report their stool formusing the Bristol Stool Scale.ResultsOverall, 18%, 9% and 73% met stool form criteria for slow, fast or nor-mal colonic transit, respectively. Increased odds for slow transit wereobserved with a higher Somatic Symptom Checklist score (OR = 1.6;1.3–2.0), while a decreased odds for slow transit was observed in malesrelative to females (OR = 0.6; 0.5–0.8). An increased odds for fast transitwas observed with higher Somatic Symptom Checklist score (OR = 2.3;1.7–2.9) and a history of cholecystectomy (OR = 1.8; 1.2–2.8). Increas-ing body mass index (per 5 units) was associated with decreased oddsfor slow (OR = 0.85; 0.78–0.93), and an increased odds for fast(OR = 1.1; 1.04–1.24) colonic transit.ConclusionBased on stool form assessment, nearly one in ﬁve community membersmay have slow colonic transit and one in 12 have accelerated colonictransit.
Direct Products and Convolutions of Distributions

Let R m and R n be Euclidean spaces of dimensions m and n respectively, and let x = (x1,..., x m ) and y = (y1,..., y n ) denote the generic points in R m and R n , respectively. Then a point in the Cartesian product R m+n = R m × R n is (x, y) = (x1,..., x m , y1,..., y n ). Furthermore, let us denote by D m , D n , and D m+n the spaces of test functions with compact support in R m , R n , and Rm+n, respectively. When f (x) and g(y) are locally integrable functions in the spaces R m and R n , then the function f(x)g(y) is also locally integrable function in R m+n . It defines the regular distribution: $$\left\langle f\left( x \right)g\left( y \right),\phi \left( x,y \right) \right\rangle _{=\left\langle f\left( x \right),\left\langle g\left( y \right),\phi \left( x,y \right) \right\rangle \right\rangle }^{=\int{f\left( x \right)\int{g\left( y \right)\phi \left( x,y \right)dy\text{ }dx}}}$$ (1) or $$\left\langle g\left( y \right)f\left( x \right),\phi \left( x,y \right) \right\rangle _{=\left\langle g\left( y \right),\left\langle f\left( x \right),\phi \left( x,y \right) \right\rangle \right\rangle }^{=\int{g\left( y \right)\int{f\left( x \right)\phi \left( x,y \right)dx\text{ }dy}}}$$ (2) for φ(x,y) ∈ D m+n . Let us denote by s(x) ⊗ t(y) the direct product of the distributions s(x) ∈ D′ m and t(y) ∈ D′ n according to (1), $$\left\langle s\left( x \right)\otimes t\left( y \right),\phi \left( x,y \right) \right\rangle =\left\langle s\left( x \right),\left\langle t\left( y \right),\phi \left( x,y \right) \right\rangle \right\rangle ,\text{ }\phi \left( x,y \right)\in {{D}_{m+n}},$$ (3) and check whether the right side of this equation defines a linear continuous functional over D m+n . For this purpose, we prove the following lemma:
Unsupportable and Unjustified: A Critique of Absolute Prosecutorial Immunity

Since John G. Roberts, Jr., became Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court on September 29, 2005,1 the Court has shown a keen interest in civil rights actions against prosecutors and their immunity from liability. Specifically, the Court has granted certiorari in one case involving municipal liability for prosecutorial misconduct,2 and three cases addressing issues of prosecutorial liability and immunity.3 But despite this attention to these issues, it would be premature to ascribe an agenda to the Roberts Court based on the two decisions it has handed down to date.4
Smith’s Attitude toward Rousseau

This piece is a review of Dennis C. Rasmussen’s book, The Problems and Promise of Commercial Society: Adam Smith’s Response to Rousseau (2008). The book superbly explains Rousseau’s criticisms of commercial society and Smith’s concern with and response to those criticisms. Rasmussen helps us appreciate that Smith took Rousseau seriously and implicitly used him as a foil, and that our understanding of Smith is greatly enriched by considering him in relation to Rousseau. My chief difference with Rasmussen is that I think he portrays Smith’s attitude toward Rousseau as having been much more positive than it was. I contend, for example, that Smith’s 1756 praise for Rousseau’s dedication (of the Discourse on Inequality) to Geneva was satirical.
Accretion Disks in Non-Degenerate Binaries

Accretion disks play a very important, often dominant, role in cataclysmic variables, that is, in binary systems where the gainer is a degenerate star. In interacting binaries with non-degenerate components, such as the semidetached binaries of the Algol type, the disks play in general a much more subdued role. In ordinary Algols, they are most likely to be detected by the “shell” line absorption they cause. However, in systems with unusually high rates of mass transfer, such as probably are the W Serpentis stars, larger and more important disks can be anticipated. A case in point is Beta Lyrae, which will be discussed in more detail.
Newly Detected Molecules in Dense Interstellar Clouds

The last year or so has seen the identification of several new interstellar molecules, including C2S, C3S, C5H, C6H, and (probably) HC2CHO in the cold, dark cloud TMC-1, and the discovery of the first interstellar phosphorus-containing molecule, PN, in the Orion 'plateau' source. Further interesting results include the observations of (C-13))3H2 and C3HD, and the first detection of HCOOH (formic acid) in a (C-13)3H2 cold cloud.
Serum Triglyceride Concentrations in Miniature Schnauzers with and without a History of Probable Pancreatitis

Background: The association between hypertriglyceridemia and pancreatitis remains obscure in dogs. A possible role of hypertriglyceridemia as a cause of pancreatitis in Miniature Schnauzers has been suspected. Hypothesis/Objectives: To compare serum triglyceride concentrations between Miniature Schnauzers with and without a recent history of pancreatitis. Animals: Seventeen Miniature Schnauzers with a history of pancreatitis (group 1) and 34 age-matched Miniature Schnauzers without a history of pancreatitis (group 2) were prospectively enrolled. Methods: Prospective case-control study. Two samples were collected from each of the 17 Miniature Schnauzers with pancreatitis: 1 during pancreatitis and 1 after clinical and biochemical resolution of pancreatitis. Serum triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations were compared between group 1 (after resolution of pancreatitis) and group 2. Results: Miniature Schnauzers in group 1 were significantly more likely to have hypertriglyceridemia (>108 mg/dL) (71%) after resolution of pancreatitis than Miniature Schnauzers in group 2 (33%; odds ratio = 5.02; 95% confidence interval = 1.4–17.8; P= .0163). Serum triglyceride concentrations were significantly higher in dogs of group 1 (median: 605.0 mg/dL) after resolution of pancreatitis than in dogs of group 2 (median: 73.5 mg/dL; P= .002). Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Miniature Schnauzers with a history of pancreatitis were 5 times more likely to have hypertriglyceridemia than controls. Hypertriglyceridemia might be associated with the development of pancreatitis in some dogs of this breed. Additional studies are needed to further clarify the role of hypertriglyceridemia in the development of pancreatitis in Miniature Schnauzers as well as other dog breeds.
Science and non‐science in modern medicine

Morton Glasser and Gretel H. Pelto. The Medical Merry‐Go‐Round. South Salem, New York: Redgrave Publishing Company, 1980. 167 pp. $6.90.
Proteomics of the flesh fly brain reveals an abundance of upregulated heat shock proteins during pupal diapause.

Abstract Most molecular work on insect diapause has focused on the expression of unique diapause transcripts, rather than the protein products. Here we present results from a proteomic comparison of diapausing and nondiapausing pupal brains. Proteins extracted from diapausing pupal brains of the flesh fly Sarcophaga crassipalpis were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and compared with those from nondiapausing pupal brains. Unique proteins and proteins present at different levels of abundance in diapausing and nondiapausing brains were identified by Nano–LC/MS/MS (capillary-liquid chromatography-nanospray tandem mass spectrometry). With this approach and Coomassie staining, we detected 37 diapause-unique or upregulated (⩾2x) proteins, and 43 proteins that were downregulated or not present in diapause. Heat shock proteins (Hsp70 and several small Hsps) were among the most conspicuous brain proteins present in higher amounts during diapause. Brain proteins that were less abundant in diapause included phosphoenolpyruvate synthase, fatty acid binding protein, EG0003.7, and an endonuclease. Our 2-D proteome maps included several additional unknown proteins that were more abundant in either the diapause or nondiapause brains. While the mRNAs encoding some of these proteins (e.g. Hsps) were previously known to be associated with diapause, the other proteins were not known to be linked to diapause, thus suggesting that the proteomic approach nicely supplements the work done at the transcript level.
Sialyl LewisX oligosaccharide preserves myocardial and endothelial function during cardioplegic ischemia

Abstract Background . Neutrophil adhesion to endothelium contributes to myocardial reperfusion injury after cardiac operation. Initial neutrophil-endothelial interactions involve selectins, which bind Sialyl-Lewis X on neutrophils. Blockade of selectin-mediated neutrophil-endothelial interactions with CY-1503, a synthetic analogue of Sialyl-Lewis X , might reduce reperfusion injury after myocardial ischemia. Methods . The efficacy of CY-1503 to attenuate global myocardial reperfusion injury was assessed in isolated blood-perfused neonatal lamb hearts that had 2 hours of cold cardioplegic ischemia. CY-1503 (40 mg/L) or saline vehicle was added to blood perfusate before ischemia. Contractile function (developed pressure, dP/dt) and coronary vascular endothelial function (acetylcholine response) were assessed at base line and during reperfusion. Myocardial neutrophil accumulation was assessed by myeloperoxidase quantification. Results . Compared to controls, treatment with CY-1503 improved recovery of all indices of contractile function, preserved coronary vascular endothelial function, and reduced myocardial neutrophil accumulation. Conclusions . In isolated neonatal lamb hearts that underwent hypothermic cardioplegic ischemia, CY-1503 administration reduced myocardial neutrophil accumulation and preserved endothelial and contractile function. Selectin blockade of leukocyte-endothelial interactions might attenuate reperfusion injury and enhance myocardial protection during cardiac surgical procedures.
The Dawn of Predictive Chip Yield Design: Along and Beyond the Memory Lane

Statistical approaches for yield estimation and robust design are vital in the current variation-dominated design era. This article presents a mixture importance sampling methodology to enable yield-driven design and extends its application beyond memories to peripheral circuits and logic blocks.
Comparative circular dichroism studies of individual eel and human antibodies

Abstract 1. 1. Circular dichroism (CD) spectra of 7S antibodies from six eels were closely similar and displayed a strong positive band centered at 197 nm suggesting β conformation; a negative band at 213 nm and well-defined weak bands between 235 and 300 nm were also observed. 2. 2. In contrast, CD spectra of individual human 7S immunoglobulins differed from each other and from eel antibodies and displayed a negative band at 218 nm and positive bands from 195 to 203 nm.
GPU-Accelerated Large-Eddy Simulation of Turbulent Channel Flows

High performance computing clusters that are augmented with cost and power efficient graphics processing unit (GPU) provide new opportunities to broaden the use of large-eddy simulation technique to study high Reynolds number turbulent flows in fluids engineering applications. In this paper, we extend our earlier work on multi-GPU acceleration of an incompressible Navier-Stokes solver to include a large-eddy simulation (LES) capability. In particular, we implement the Lagrangian dynamic subgrid scale model and compare our results against existing direct numerical simulation (DNS) data of a turbulent channel flow at Reτ = 180. Overall, our LES results match fairly well with the DNS data. Our results show that the Reτ = 180 case can be entirely simulated on a single GPU, whereas higher Reynolds cases can benefit from a GPU cluster.
Catalytic growth of single-walled manotubes by laser vaporization

Direct laser vaporization of transition-metal/graphite composite rods produced single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWT) in the condensing vapor in a heated flow tube. A much higher yield of nanotubes was found, with little of the amorphous overcoating on those produced by the metal-catalyzed arc-discharge method. A mixture of Co with Ni catalyzed about 50% of all the carbon vaporized to SWT. A model for SWT growth is presented for both the present case and the arc in which the metal particle size is limited due to the concurrent carbon condensation.
Using off-the-shelf tools for terabyte-scale waveform recording in intensive care: Computer system design, database description and lessons learned

Until now, the creation of massive (long-term and multichannel) waveform databases in intensive care required an interdisciplinary team of clinicians, engineers and informaticians and, in most cases, also design-specific software and hardware development. Recently, several commercial software tools for waveform acquisition became available. Although commercial products and even turnkey systems are now being marketed as simple and effective, the performance of those solutions is not known. The additional expense upfront may be worthwhile if commercial software can eliminate the need for custom software and hardware systems and the associated investment in teams and development. We report the development of a computer system for long-term large-scale recording and storage of multichannel physiologic signals that was built using commercial solutions (software and hardware) and existing hospital IT infrastructure. Both numeric (1Hz) and waveform (62.5-500Hz) data were captured from 24 SICU bedside monitors simultaneously and stored in a file-based vital sign data bank (VSDB) during one-year period (total DB size is 4.21TB). In total, vital signs were recorded from 1175 critically ill patients. Up to six ECG leads, all other monitored waveforms, and all monitored numeric data were recorded in most of the cases. We describe the details of building blocks of our system, provide description of three datasets exported from our VSDB and compare the contents of our VSDB with other available waveform databases. Finally, we summarize lessons learned during recording, storage, and pre-processing of physiologic signals.
AN INDIUM(II)-INDIUM(II) COMPOUND WITH INTRAMOLECULAR DONOR-ACCEPTOR BONDS

Abstract The diindium compound {2,6-(Me 2 NCH 2 ) 2 C 6 H 3 }(Cl)In–In(Cl){(2,6-Me 2 NCH 2 ) 2 C 6 H 3 }( 2 ) has been prepared via the reaction of [(2,6-Me 2 NCH 2 ) 2 C 6 H 4 ]InCl 2 with Li 2 [(C 4 H 4 BN( i Pr) 2 ]. By means of X-ray crystallography, it was established that four N→In donor-acceptor bonds are made to the unsuspended In–In moiety: monoclinic, space group C 2 /c, with a =21.913 (6), b= 8.364 (1), c =17.877 (3) A, α =90, β =117.21 (2), γ =90°, V =2914 (1) A 3 and Z =4.
Fast pairs: a visual word recognition paradigm for measuring entrenchment, top-down effects, and subjective phenomenology.

Abstract When word pairs having a familiar order are sequentially flashed on a computer in their non-familiar order, ( code zip), observers have a strong phenomenology of seeing them in familiar order ( zip code ). Reversal errors remained frequent even when participants obtained perceptual experience of reverse-display items by beginning with a block of longer-duration trials. A forced-choice order-detection procedure reduced but did not eliminate reversal errors, showing that “fast pairs” is a robust perceptual illusion. Even adjective + noun pairs ( green skirt ) showed reversal errors, and reversal errors increased with the log frequency of the word pair, consistent with a strong role for statistical processing at the level of multi-word units.
Determination of point defect parameters from silver diffusion data

Abstract Seeger (1972) has analysed self diffusion data for a number of face-centeredcubic (f.c.c.) metals and has reported single and divacancy activation energies. Q 1 and Q 2, and frequency factors, D 10 and D 20. We have carefully examined the Rothman, Peterson and Robinson (1970) data for silver in order to assess the confidence which can be placed in the results published by Seeger. We find that the data can be equally well fitted by a wide range of parameters. Q 1 lies between 1.82 and 1.95 eV and D 10 between 0.1 and 0.5 cm2/sec. The ranges of equally good values of Q 2 (2.25-2.75 eV) and D 20 (3-300) are so great that these numbers, as determined from diffusion data in silver, are meaningless. Divacancy parameters determined for other f.c.c. metals are even less reliable.
Systems biology: many things from one.

Cells of the same type can generate diverse sets of physiological traits from a single set of genes. Part of this diversity could stem from 'noise' that arises from variations in the way proteins are expressed.
Topoisomerase II activity in a DNA double-strand break repair deficient Chinese hamster ovary cell line

Topoisomerase II activity was measured in wild-type, Chinese hamster ovary K1 cells, and in the DNA double-strand break repair deficient xrs-6 cell line. Total topoisomerase II activity in a high salt, nuclear extract was found to be the same in both cell lines, as measured by decatenation of kinetoplast DNA networks and catenation of plasmid pBR322 DNA. While at low drug concentrations m-AMSA-induced enzyme cutting of nuclear DNA was 25% less in xrs-6 cells, the frequency of DNA breaks at high concentrations of the drug, and thus the frequency of the topoisomerase II enzyme, was the same in both cell lines. Despite the presence of equivalent enzyme levels in both cell lines, the xrs-6 cell line was 3 times more sensitive to drug-induced cytotoxicity. These results may be due to the fact that, as with X-radiation-induced DNA damage, xrs-6 cells are deficient in the capacity to rejoin topoisomerase II-induced DNA double-strand breaks.
Conditional diffusion processes in population genetics.

Abstract Modern population genetics is involved largely with molecular processes and in particular with the observed outcome of an evolutionary molecular process. The investigation of data of this form requires a mathematical apparatus of conditional diffusion processes. The relevant theory is given in this paper. Many results can be obtained more or less directly: however, the complete theory requires formation of the conditional diffusion equation. The form of this equation, together with several consequences flowing from it, are given.
Inhibitory Effects and Mechanisms of Colonic Electric Stimulation on Gastric and Rectal Tone in Conscious Dogs

Colonic electric stimulation has been shown to alter motor functions of the colon; however, its effects on other organs of the gut have been investigated rarely. This study was performed in 12 dogs implanted with one pair of colonic serosal electrodes and a gastric cannula. Experiments were performed to study: 1) the effect of colonic electric stimulation on proximal gastric tone and compliance; 2) the effect of colonic electric stimulation on rectal tone and compliance; 3) the sympathetic mechanism involved in the effects of colonic electric stimulation on gastric/rectal tone. A computerized barostat was used to assess gastric/rectal tone and compliance. Colonic electric stimulation inhibited both gastric and rectal tone with a higher potency in gastric tone. Colonic electric stimulation reduced gastric but not rectal compliance. The inhibitory effect of colonic electric stimulation on gastric tone but not rectal tone was abolished by an adrenergic blockade, guanethidine. Colonic electric stimulation inhibits both gastric and rectal tone with a higher potency in inhibiting gastric tone. Colonic electric stimulation reduces gastric but not rectal compliance. The inhibitory effect of colonic electric stimulation on gastric tone seems to be mediated by the sympathetic pathway.
Design of New Copolymers for Photonics Applications: Incorporation of Nlo-Active Chromophores with Well-Defined Conjugation Lengths

Electroactive polymers such as poly [p-phenylene vinylene] (PPV) and poly [2,5-thienylene vinylene] (PTV) have been shown to yield highly conductive materials upon oxidative doping,1and to display enhanced third order nonlinear optical response.2 Optical absorption spectra for either neutral or doped polymers, however, are quite broad, extending well into the visible for the neutral polymer and into the near infrared (NIR) for the doped polymers, with little evident fine structure. For certain nonlinear optical (NLO) applications, this can lead to undesirable absorption losses and resonance phenomena. We would like to describe how copolymers incorporating oligomeric dithienylpolyene segments may be designed so as to give some degree of control over the polymer absorption characteristics in either neutral or oxidized form.
Cooperative Integration Of Vision And Touch

Vision and touch have proved to be powerful sensing modalities in humans. In order to build robots capable of complex behavior, analogues of human vision and taction need to be created. In addition, strategies for intelligent use of these sensors in tasks such as object recognition need to be developed. Two overriding principles that dictate a good strategy for cooperative use of these sensors are the following: 1) sensors should complement each other in the kind and quality of data they report, and 2) each sensor system be used in the most robust manner possible. We demonstrate this with a contour following algorithm that recovers the shape of surfaces of revolution from sparse tactile sensor data. The absolute location in depth of an object can be found more accurately through touch than vision; but the global properties of where to actively explore with the hand are better found through vision.
Approaches to recruiting and retaining in computer-science based student organizations

Recruitment and retention for a student organization is a very complex task. Faculty members and student leaders must attempt to appeal and relate to an often finicky demographic. This article explores various methods used to attract and retain students into their local ACM student chapter. I will review approaches used during my two year-term as ACM Chapter President at South Carolina State University (SCSU). During this period my executive board and I reactivated our dormant chapter and used various strategies to increase attendance and membership greatly from previous active years.
Dynamics of ultra low flying sliders during contact with a lubricated disk

In this paper, laser Doppler vibrometry is used to study the motion of a femto slider in the vertical, pitch, roll, off-track and down-track direction due to slider–lubricant interactions. The change in slider dynamics is determined by comparing the laser Doppler vibrometer signals from the slider for time increments of 2 min. The time evolution of this signal is analyzed. The data suggest that slider–lubricant interactions at the head-disk interface have a strong effect on slider dynamics. Spectral analysis of the slider motion indicates that excitation occurs at the same frequency for all degrees of freedom. The excitation frequency is slightly lower than the free vibration frequency, suggesting that lubricant damping plays a role in the excitation of the slider.