cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Optimal angular window for observing Dark Matter annihilation from the Galactic Center region: the case of gamma-ray lines

Although the emission of radiation from dark matter annihilation is expected to be maximized at the Galactic Center, geometric factors and the presence of point-like and diffuse backgrounds make the choice of the angular window size to optimize the chance of a signal detection a non-trivial problem. We find that the best strategy is to focus on an annulus around the Galactic Center of {approx} 1{sup o} to {approx}> 30{sup o}, where the optimal size depends on the angular distribution of the signal and the backgrounds. Although our conclusions are general, we illustrate this point in the particular case of annihilation into two monochromatic photons in the phenomenologically most interesting range of energy 45 GeV {approx}< E {approx}< 80 GeV, which is of great interest for the GLAST satellite. We find for example that dark matter models with sufficiently strong line annihilation signals, like the Inert Doublet Model, may be detectable without or with reasonable boost factors.
Complementary and Alternative Medicine and Therapy Use in a Diverse New Mexican Population.

Abstract Objective: To describe differences, attitudes, and experiences in use of complementary and alternative medicines and therapy (CAMT) in people living in New Mexico (NM). Design: Cross-sectional survey study. Setting: Clinics staffed by the University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy faculty between September 2009 and August 2011 in Albuquerque, NM. Participants: Patients 18 years of age or older or parents of patients younger than age 18 years. Outcome measures: Descriptive statistics for survey results and mean scores for attitudinal items. Chi-square, t-test, and analysis of variance were used to compare differences between groups across demographic variables. Results: A convenience sample yielded 263 completed surveys. Of the respondents, 62% were male, 39% were single, and 50% were Hispanic. Nearly 56% of respondents used CAMT in the previous 6 months; 38% used CAMT in addition to and 11% used CAMT instead of prescription medications. Average number of CAMT used per respondent was 2.3 ± 1.6. ...
A high efficiency inductive power link and backward telemetry for biomedical applications

High-performance wireless power transmission working as a continuous power source of implantable devices can prevent biohazard from leakage of buttery fluid or skin infection from transcutaneous cable. This work reports a high efficiency inductive powering and backward telemetry for implantable medical devices. A new differential class-E type power oscillator with high efficiency excites the external unit, the resonant link coils transfer the power to the internal unit, a modified rectifier circuit rectifies and boosts the recovered signal, and a Zener diode based voltage regulator regulates the output DC voltage. The recovered power is then used to run a ring oscillator-based sensor readout circuit to generate data signal based on sensor current variation and finally a load-shift-keying (LSK) is used to back transit the data to the external unit. The system has been designed using 0.5-µm standard CMOS process with off-chip zener diode, opamp and inductors. The over all power-efficiency of the system is found to be 74.0%.
Mapping the origin of faunal assemblages using strontium isotopes

One of the greatest challenges in using faunal assemblages to make ecological or paleo- ecological interpretations is determining the spatial scale over which such analyses are applicable. As a result, it has been difficult to use these assemblages to test hypotheses about spatial and tem- poral variability in populations. Here we show that it is possible to use strontium (Sr) isotopes from bones and vegetation to statistically constrain the area sampled in two Holocene predator accumulations in northeastern Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. Previous studies have used these sites to elucidate local population responses to climatic change, by assuming that the speci- mens originated within ;5 km of the site. We used Sr analyses to construct a likelihood curve that describes the probability that our samples were collected within a given radius of each site. Our results indicate that the specimens in both sites were derived from non-overlapping populations and that the collection radius has not changed detectably over the past 3000 years. This work un- derscores the promise of this technique for ascribing source areas to paleontological, biological, and ecological specimens.
Acidic Food pH Increases Palatability and Consumption and Extends Drosophila Lifespan

Background: Despite the prevalent use of Drosophila as a model in studies of nutrition, the effects of fundamental food properties, such as pH, on animal health and behavior are not well known. Objectives: We examined the effect of food pH on adult Drosophila lifespan, feeding behavior, and microbiota composition and tested the hypothesis that pH-mediated changes in palatability and total consumption are required for modulating longevity. Methods: We measured the effect of buffered food (pH 5, 7, or 9) on male gustatory responses (proboscis extension), total food intake, and male and female lifespan. The effect of food pH on germfree male lifespan was also assessed. Changes in fly-associated microbial composition as a result of food pH were determined by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Male gustatory responses, total consumption, and male and female longevity were additionally measured in the taste-defective Pox neuro (Poxn) mutant and its transgenic rescue control. Results: An acidic diet increased Drosophila gustatory responses (40–230%) and food intake (5–50%) and extended survival (10–160% longer median lifespan) compared with flies on either neutral or alkaline pH food. Alkaline food pH shifted the composition of fly-associated bacteria and resulted in greater lifespan extension (260% longer median survival) after microbes were eliminated compared with flies on an acidic (50%) or neutral (130%) diet. However, germfree flies lived longer on an acidic diet (5–20% longer median lifespan) compared with those on either neutral or alkaline pH food. Gustatory responses, total consumption, and longevity were unaffected by food pH in Poxn mutant flies. Conclusions: Food pH can directly influence palatability and feeding behavior and affect parameters such as microbial growth to ultimately affect Drosophila lifespan. Fundamental food properties altered by dietary or drug interventions may therefore contribute to changes in animal physiology, metabolism, and survival.
MGM v. Grokster: Judicial Actvisim or a Good Decision?

The Supreme Court decision in MGM v. Grokster is the latest skirmish in the copyright wars. After Grokster content owners can sue companies for distributing software that enables third parties to engage in copyright infringement. Grokster enunciates a secondary liability theory which provides for liability for inducing copyright infringement when a company distributes a product with the clear intent that third parties will use it to engage in direct infringement. This theory, although not statutorily recognized in the Copyright Act, is engrafted onto the Act by the Court. Despite arguments that such action is judicial activism inducement liability has clear roots in unfair competition law which recognizes that it is improper to intentionally induce a third party to engage in illegal conduct. Hence, the focus of inducement theory is the culpable conduct of the inducer. Grokster recognized the conflicting goals which had to be balanced: protecting intellectual property to promote creative activities; and, the importance of not impeding creative and innovative conduct. Limiting liability to intentional inducement strikes a proper balance because no underlying policy consideration supports allowing such conduct. Finally, this article examines the implications of Grokster by analyzing whether the sale of iPods and digital video recorders would support an inducement claim.
3D Characterization of the Refractive-Index and Residual-Stress Distributions in Optical Fibers

Refractive-index and residual-stress distributions of optical fibers exposed to a focused carbon-dioxide laser beam are characterized. Azimuthal and longitudinal variations are measured. Changes of 10-4 in index and 0.2 MPa in stress are resolvable.
Theory and Computer Simulation of Grain-Boundary and Void Dynamics in Polycrystalline Conductors

Microstructure evolution in polycrystalline metallic thin films under stress and electric current underlies many reliability issues in microelectronics. This paper presents a quantitative analysis of grain-boundary and void dynamics based on the coupling between bulk and interfacial mass transport phenomena with elastic deformations and current stressing. The formation and growth of intergranular voids in bamboo-structure conductor lines due to stresses that develop during processing is analyzed. The analysis is aided by self-consistent simulation of bulk and grain-boundary diffusional processes using bicrystal models with elastic grains. A systematic analysis is presented of the morphological evolution of transgranular voids in aluminum lines under current densities that are typical of electromigration testing. The effects of the electric field and surface properties on the morphological stability of voids are examined and morphologies that bifurcate from rounded or wedge-like void shapes are predicted. The theoretical results are discussed in the context of experimental data for void propagation under electromigration conditions.
Propagation of second sound near T λ

Superfluid hydrodynamics for second sound, expanded to first order in \ensuremath{\nabla}${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\rho}}}_{\mathit{s}}$ and including second-sound damping and finite-amplitude effects, are cast into a boundary-value-problem format, suitable for calculating the resonant frequency in a second-sound cavity operating near the \ensuremath{\lambda} point. This model is applied to the data of Marek, Lipa, and Philips, which showed deviations from a simpler model in the region close to the transition. We find that our model by itself cannot explain the deviations, but if a shift in the estimated location of ${\mathit{T}}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}}$ is included, a significant improvement can be obtained. The critical exponent \ensuremath{\zeta}, describing the divergence of ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\rho}}}_{\mathit{s}}$, was found to be \ensuremath{\zeta}=0.6708\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0004, in good agreement with the renormalization-group prediction 0.672\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.002. The range for the reduced temperature parameter was extended to \ensuremath{\varepsilon}=2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}7}$, substantially closer to the transition than in the previous analysis of this data. The shift in ${\mathit{T}}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}}$ can be considered acceptable if the data very near ${\mathit{T}}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}}$ are reinterpreted. The effect of the \ensuremath{\nabla}${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\rho}}}_{\mathit{s}}$ term is shown to be important for \ensuremath{\varepsilon}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}6}$.
Convergence theorems for Lebesgue integrals

Lebesgue integration is a powerful tool principally on account of several convergence theorems (Theorems 4.24, 4.29, 4.31, and 4.35), and these are the main focus of this chapter. There are, however, several other things to be established. We begin by introducing the signed and \(\varphi\) defined on a ring always satisfy \(\varphi (\varnothing ) = 0\).
Free Boundary Problems

This chapter explains the solutions of free boundary problems. These problems include systems of differential equations in which the location of the boundary of the domain is one of the unknowns to be determined. Sometimes, a similarity solution may be used to determine the location of the free boundary. In more difficult problems, a numerical technique may be required. In free boundary problems, a differential equation must be solved in a domain whose size can vary. One of the unknowns to be determined is the size of the domain on which the equation is to be satisfied. Differential equations of this type are most often solved numerically. In rare cases, an analytical solution may be obtained. These solutions are generally found by use of similarity methods. Melting problems for a pure material are also known as Stefan problems. Another technique often used in free boundary problems is changing coordinates so that the free boundaries become fixed in the new coordinate space. This is the idea behind the hodograph method.
NIAGADS: The NIA Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease Data Storage Site

Summary Work in the past 10 years has greatly expanded our understanding of Alzheimer's disease (AD) genetics, with more than 20 susceptibility genetic loci discovered in large genome-wide association and sequencing studies. The NIA Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease Data Storage Site (NIAGADS) is funded by National Institute on Aging to serve as a one-stop portal for the community to access research data and findings generated from AD genetics projects. In this article, we describe the mission of NIAGADS, available resources, and data sets including the Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project, and how researchers may apply for access to genetic data.
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio: Prognostic indicator for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Background The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has prognostic significance for many cancers, with higher values correlating with poor outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine the prognostic significance of this inflammatory marker for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Methods Univariate logistic regression and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed on a retrospective cohort of 123 patients treated with primary chemoradiotherapy. Results The NLR is an indicator of both recurrence-free and overall survival, but the NLR does not have independent prognostic significance when the favorable prognostic influence of human papillomavirus (HPV) status is incorporated into multivariate models. Conclusion The interaction between NLR and HPV status suggests that HPV status may be a determining factor in the favorable prognosis associated with a decreased NLR in HNSCC; these findings also suggest that HPV status may interact with the prognostic associations of indicators of systemic inflammation in HNSCC. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 662-667, 2017.
Thick Prelaminar Tissue Decreases Lamina Cribrosa Visibility.

Purpose Evaluation of the effect of prelaminar tissue thickness on visualization of the lamina cribrosa (LC) using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods The optic nerve head (ONH) region was scanned using OCT. The quality of visible LC microstructure was assessed subjectively using a grading system and objectively by analyzing the signal intensity of each scan's superpixel components. Manual delineations were made separately and in 3-dimensions quantifying prelaminar tissue thickness, analyzable regions of LC microstructure, and regions with a visible anterior LC (ALC) boundary. A linear mixed effect model quantified the association between tissue thickness and LC visualization. Results A total of 17 healthy, 27 glaucoma suspect, and 47 glaucomatous eyes were included. Scans with thicker average prelaminar tissue measurements received worse grading scores (P = 0.007), and superpixels with low signal intensity were associated significantly with regions beneath thick prelaminar tissue (P < 0.05). The average prelaminar tissue thickness in regions of scans where the LC was analyzable (214 μm) was significantly thinner than in regions where the LC was not analyzable (569 μm; P < 0.001). Healthy eyes had significantly thicker average prelaminar tissue measurements than glaucoma or glaucoma suspect eyes (both P < 0.001), and glaucoma suspect eyes had significantly thicker average prelaminar tissue measurements than glaucoma eyes (P = 0.008). Significantly more of the ALC boundary was visible in glaucoma eyes (63% of ONH) than in healthy eyes (41%; P = 0.005). Conclusions Thick prelaminar tissue was associated with impaired visualization of the LC. Healthy subjects generally had thicker prelaminar tissue, which potentially could create a selection bias against healthy eyes when comparing LC structures.
Structuring subjectivity in Asian Englishes: Multivariate approaches to mental predicates across genres and functional uses

This study investigates the usage patterns of four near-synonymous mental predicates ( believe , guess , suppose and think ) across three Asian ESL (English as a Second Language) varieties as well as British and American Englishes. Using two multivariate techniques, multiple correspondence analysis and classification and regression tree analysis, the study shows the benefits of exploring cross-varietal variation through the lens of lexicalization patterns. The study also demonstrates that to make sense of semantic patterns it is crucial to account for extra-linguistic factors such as genre, as different ESL writers structure the meaning of believe , guess , suppose and think differently depending on their type of writing. Ultimately, in the broader context of the emancipation of ESL varieties, the results raise important questions about the developmental process of Asian Englishes and the place that semantic structure holds in this endeavor.
Iridociliary cysts masquerading as neoplasia in cats: a morphologic review of 14 cases.

Objective To report 14 neoplasia-free feline eyes enucleated for suspected intraocular neoplasia containing only iridociliary cysts. To analyze clinical findings that may have led veterinarians to suspect neoplasia in these globes. Procedures The archives at the Comparative Ocular Pathology Laboratory of Wisconsin (COPLOW) were searched to identify neoplasia-free feline globes enucleated for suspected neoplasia. Clinical data were obtained from medical records, veterinarian surveys, and COPLOW submission forms. All samples were examined grossly and histologically. Results All eyes were free of neoplasia and contained one or more iridociliary cysts. Nine of 14 globes were enucleated by or based on the recommendation of a board-certified veterinary ophthalmologist. In eight of 14 cases, the submitting clinician listed melanoma as the only suspected diagnosis; in six of 14 cases, ‘tumor’ or ‘mass’ was listed. Clinical examination revealed a darkly pigmented intraocular mass in 11 of 14 cases. The mass was clinically perceived to be within the iris in seven of 14 cases. When examined histologically, 11 of 14 eyes contained multiple cysts, 13 of 14 contained multiloculated cysts, eight of 14 had a hyperplastic iris pigmented epithelium or cysts with thick black walls, and five of 14 had cysts prolapsed into the anterior chamber. Conclusions Although most iridociliary cysts in cats are easily diagnosed on clinical examination, a subset may be mistaken for neoplasia. In cases of suspected iris melanoma, iridociliary cysts should be considered as a differential diagnosis, especially if a mass appears to emanate from behind the iris, dyscoria is present, or if similar changes are noted in the contralateral eye.
Midterm Follow-up of Ureteral Embolization Using Vascular Plugs and N-Butyl Cyanoacrylate Glue.

Abstract This is a retrospective study of 9 consecutive female patients who underwent ureteral embolization via a "sandwich" technique with two vascular plugs and N -butyl cyanoacrylate glue for ureteral fistulae unresponsive to urinary diversion. Average age was 61 years (range, 39–77 y), average duration of diversion was 48 days (range, 2–120 d), and average follow-up was 11 months (range, 4–23 mo). Seven patients (78%) experienced immediate resolution of urinary leakage, and the other 2 (22%) required unilateral repeat treatment for resolution of leakage. Symptom resolution lasted throughout the follow-up period for all patients. Bilateral internal iliac artery pseudoaneurysms developed in 1 patient and were treated with embolization and stent placement.
Clinical Features and Sites of Ablation for Patients With Incessant Supraventricular Tachycardia From Concealed Nodofascicular and Nodoventricular Tachycardias

Abstract Objectives This study sought to describe the clinical features and sites of successful ablation for incessant nodofascicular (NF) and nodoventricular (NV) tachycardias. Background Incessant supraventricular tachycardias have been associated with tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathies and have been previously attributed to permanent junctional reciprocating tachycardias, atrial tachycardias, and atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardias. Incessant concealed NF and NV tachycardias have not been described previously. Methods Three cases of incessant concealed NF and NV re-entrant tachycardias were identified from 2 centers. Results The authors describe 3 cases with incessant supraventricular tachycardia resulting from NV (2 cases) and NF (1 case) pathways. Atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia was excluded by His synchronous premature ventricular complexes that either delayed or terminated the tachycardia. Ventricular pacing showed constant and progressive fusion in cases 1 and 3. In 2 cases, there was spontaneous initiation with a 1:2 response (cases 1 and 3); the presence of retrograde longitudinal dissociation or marked decremental pathway conduction in cases 1 and 3 sustains these tachycardias. The NV pathway was successfully ablated in the slow pathway region in case 3 and at the right bundle branch in case 1. The NF pathway was successfully ablated within the proximal coronary sinus in case 2. Conclusions This is the first report of incessant supraventricular tachycardia using concealed NF or NV pathways. These tachycardias demonstrated spontaneous initiation from sinus rhythm with a 1:2 response and retrograde longitudinal dissociation or marked decremental pathway conduction. Successful ablation was achieved at either right-sided sites or within the coronary sinus.
Full body mobile brain-body imaging data during unconstrained locomotion on stairs, ramps, and level ground

Human locomotion is a complex process that requires the integration of central and peripheral nervous signalling. Understanding the brain's involvement in locomotion is challenging and is traditionally investigated during locomotor imagination or observation. However, stationary imaging methods lack the ability to infer information about the peripheral and central signalling during actual task execution. In this report, we present a dataset containing simultaneously recorded electroencephalography (EEG), lower-limb electromyography (EMG), and full body motion capture recorded from ten able-bodied individuals. The subjects completed an average of twenty trials on an experimental gait course containing level-ground, ramps, and stairs. We recorded 60-channel EEG from the scalp and 4-channel EOG from the face and temples. Surface EMG was recorded from six muscle sites bilaterally on the thigh and shank. The motion capture system consisted of seventeen wireless IMUs, allowing for unconstrained ambulation in the experimental space. In this report, we present the rationale for collecting these data, a detailed explanation of the experimental setup, and a brief validation of the data quality.
Teaching Large Groups the Tennis Serve: Optimizing Practice Opportunities and Providing Individual Feedback.

This article describes a progressive methodology for teaching the tennis serve to large groups with a focus on optimizing practice opportunities and providing individual feedback to players. Specifically, it delineates teaching the serve to 24 players on two courts. The methodology can be adapted for more players and/or more courts as appropriate, and may prove useful to teachers or coaches who teach tennis to large groups with limited court availability in classes, clinics or team practices. Safety considerations with regard to the positioning of players on the courts, as well as general safety aspects of teaching the tennis serve (e.g., returning tennis balls to hoppers and swinging racquets) are given. At each step of the progression, focal points and common errors are provided to ensure that players avoid bad habits and that teachers or coaches know the focus of each particular step in the progression.
Navier–Stokes Equations-Based Aeroelasticity of Supersonic Transport Including Short-Period Oscillations

There is renewed interest in developing new supersonic transports after the discontinuation of the Concorde supersonic jet, which was mostly limited for flights over trans-oceanic routes due to the severe noise of the sonic boom. In order to avoid the sonic boom, more slender configurations, such as the Low Boom Flight Demonstrator (LBFD) configuration, are being considered. The aeroelastic characteristics of these new supersonic transports can significantly differ from conventional aircraft. Both rigid and flexible body modes can play a significant role in aeroelastic stability. For unconventional configurations, such as aircraft with forward swept wings, the short period oscillation (SPO) has been found to significantly impact the aeroelastic response. SPO can occur due to unanticipated events such as gusts, abrupt maneuvering, etc. During the design of the Concorde, the effects of SPO was considered in detail, though its impact is not publically disclosed. Assuring stability of supersonic aircraft, particularly during descent from the supersonic Mach regime to the transonic regime, is critical. An aircraft can deviate from its normal descent trajectory due to coupling between flows and body motions. The effect of SPO needs to be considered in aeroelastic responses. Preliminary studies using quasi-steady aerodynamics show that the presence of SPO can lead to unstable response. The well-established Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations, which are computationally feasible with current supercomputers, have been in use for aeroelastic computations for the last three decades. Recently, such efforts have begun to include trajectory motions; for instance, the effect of phugoid motion on stability is studied in Ref. 9 using the RANS equations. In this paper, the effect of SPO on aeroelastic responses of a typical supersonic transport is studied.
Toward the Scientific Evaluation of Music Information Retrieval Systems

This paper outlines the findings-to-date of a project to assist in the efforts being made to establish a TREC-like evaluation paradigm within the Music Information Retrieval (MIR) research community. The findings and recommendations are based upon expert opinion garnered from members of the Information Retrieval (IR), Music Digital Library (MDL) and MIR communities with regard to the construction and implementation of scientifically valid evaluation frameworks. Proposed recommendations include the creation of data-rich query records that are both grounded in real-world requirements and neutral with respect to retrieval technique(s) being examined; adoption, and subsequent validation, of a “reasonable person” approach to “relevance” assessment; and, the development of a secure, yet accessible, research environment that allows researchers to remotely access the large-scale testbed collection.
Why Do Scientists and Engineers Need GPU’s Today?

Recently, a paradigm shift in computer architecture has offered computational science the prospect of a vast increase in capability at relatively little cost. The tremendous computational power of graphics processors (GPU) provides a great opportunity for those willing to rethink algorithms and rewrite existing simulation codes. In this introduction, we give a brief survey of GPU computing, and its potential capabilities, intended for the general scientific and engineering audience. We will also review some challenges facing the users in adapting the large toolbox of scientific computing to these changes in computer architecture, and what the community can expect in the near future.
Influenza A Virus Activation of the Human Neutrophil: A Case of Promiscuous Binding?

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on what is known about the influenza hemagglutinin and on the data to support the central role of influenza hemagglutinin in neutrophil activation and deactivation by the virus. The chapter discusses the nature of the receptor to which hemagglutinin binds and explains how it may serve as the trigger for the distinctive neutrophil response cascade. Natural immunity is characterized by effector cells and soluble factors that do not require specific prolonged induction for their functions and more specifically do not require opsonization of their target. This antibody-independent phagocytosis of pathogens has been characterized as lectinophagocytosis and serves as a basic model for examining phagocyte-mediated natural immune reactions. Whether the lectin is on the particle or on the cell, the binding is mediated by carbohydrate specificity. Many bacterial species express surface hemagglutinins or lectins, which allow binding to animal cells. Influenza A virus (IAV) attaches to a membrane receptor that subserves some other purpose in host defense. A growing list of major viruses utilizes important, conserved cellular membrane proteins involved in host defense and/or in intercellular recognition as their binding site. Although various viruses bind to protein structures directly, rather than to carbohydrate as with IAV, a common functional theme may emerge once specific IAV-binding sites are characterized on the neutrophil.
Tropical Cyclone Track Sensitivity in Deformation Steering Flow

AbstractPrevious studies have suggested that tropical cyclones (TCs) in deformation steering flows can be associated with large position errors and uncertainty. The goal of this study is to evaluat...
Evaluation of predictive technology models

Abstract Researchers lacking access to suitable commercial SPICE models have widely used predictive technology models (PTMs) for simulation experiments in advanced technologies. Not all predictive models correlate well with commercial processes, leading to uncertainty about the validity of such experiments. Now that data from commercial processes are available for many nodes, this paper compares the PTM predictions against commercial processes and identifies the most realistic PTMs for bulk and multigate simulations.
Effects of EGR on Engines Fueled with Natural Gas and Natural Gas/Hydrogen Blends

The exhaust gas recirculation can be used in a stoichiometric engine, for suppressing knocking and increasing efficiency, without a significant impact on pollutant emissions, since charge dilution is obtained with inert gases, allowing closed-loop control operations. However, relatively high EGR rates make worse the combustion process. This chapter deepens the effects of EGR on the performance of gaseous powered engines. In particular, the experimental data have been obtained fueling two engines with NG and NG/H2 mixtures until 40% by volume of hydrogen, at steady state for different loads, measuring emissions upstream and downstream the three-way catalyst and analyzing the combustion process. A naturally aspirated light-duty spark ignition engine and a turbocharged heavy-duty one were tested. The results obtained with the two engines were consistent with each other. In particular, EGR could be utilized to have high specific power, with reduced thermal stress, but also to increase engine efficiency. Moreover, NG fueling permits a large flexibility in EGR system design, due to very clean engine-out exhaust gas, without visible particles. H2 added to NG allows to mitigate the effect of EGR in reducing combustion speed. The positive effect of H2 as combustion booster is more evident at EGR rate increasing. Nevertheless, with EGR, an increment of raw THC emission has been observed. Moreover, for the lower exhaust gas temperatures, oxidation of THC in the catalyst could result less effective. For these reasons, the blends with high hydrogen content, allowing a significant reduction of THC formation directly in the combustion chamber, can be usefully utilized for engines optimization with high EGR rates.
RENAL AND PLATELET EICOSANOIDS IN CHRONIC GLOMERULAR DISEASE

Eicosanoid is the generic term which refers to lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase products of arachidonate metabolism. Prostaglandins (PG) and the other eicosanoids are autacoids which do not have a circulating, endocrine function but rather act in a paracrine or autocrine manner affecting cells close to or at the site of PG synthesis1. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAD) inhibit either irreversibly (aspirin) or reversibly the cyclooxygenase enzyme which converts arachidonate to the PG-endoperoxides. Presently, no similar inhibitory agents are clinically available which inhibit the lipoxygenase enzymes converting arachidonate to leukotrienes and monohydroxy fatty acids. Although glucocorticoids can limit substrate availability through the induction of a recently characterized phospholipase A2-inhibitory protein named lipocortin, their in vivo effects on endogenous PG production are rather inconsistent.
Hunting for superheavy dark matter with the highest-energy cosmic rays

In 15 years of data taking, the Pierre Auger Observatory has observed no events beyond $1{0}^{11.3}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$. This null result translates into an upper bound on the flux of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays, implying $J(g1{0}^{11.3}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV})l3.6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{km}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}\text{ }{\mathrm{sr}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{yr}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, at the 90% C.L. We interpret this bound as a constraint on extreme-energy photons originating in the decay super-heavy dark matter (SHDM) particles clustered in the Galactic halo. Armed with this constraint, we derive the strongest lower limit on the lifetime of hadronically decaying SHDM particles with masses in the range $1{0}^{14}\ensuremath{\lesssim}{M}_{X}/\mathrm{GeV}\ensuremath{\lesssim}{10}^{16}$. We also explore the capability of NASA's future Probe of Extreme Multi-Messenger Astrophysics mission to search for SHDM signals.
Expression of Ia antigens on myeloid progenitor cells in chronic myeloid leukemia: direct analysis using partially purified colony- forming cells

The regulation of Ia (HLA-DR) antigen expression on myeloid progenitor cells may be closely related to the control of myelopoiesis in both normal individuals and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. In an effort to study directly the expression and behavior of Ia surface molecules on myeloid progenitor cells, we used an immunologic purification technique to enrich these cells approximately 100-fold from the peripheral blood of CML patients. The majority of cells in this blast population expressed HLA-DR antigens. Thirty percent to 40% of cells could form a granulocyte or monocyte colony in agar, and these cells tended to express the highest levels of HLA-DR. The number of HLA-DR molecules per cell increased about twofold as the cells tranversed the cell cycle from G0/G1 to G2/M. This was true for unstimulated cells or cells exposed to colony-stimulating factors. Some of this increase was related to a corresponding increase in cell size and is also seen with other cell surface antigens such as beta-2-microglobulin. Ia antigen expression was not modified by culture with colony-stimulating factors, fetal calf serum, or serum-free, prostaglandin-free medium for periods of up to 24 hours. These results demonstrate that Ia antigens are expressed on the myeloid progenitor cells of CML, are increased in the S and G2/M phases of the cell cycle, and are stable under most in vitro culture conditions for at least 24 hours of culture.
A 12 MHz BW, 80 dB SNDR, 83 dB DR, 4 th order CT-ΔΣ modulator with 2 nd order noise-shaping and pipelined SAR-VCO based quantizer

A 2nd order noise shaping, SAR-VCO based hybrid quantizer is introduced. The SAR quantization error is available as a residue voltage at the end of the SAR conversion. This residue voltage is input to the VCO quantizer. Thus, the non-linear VCO quantizer does not generate harmonic distortion and the hybrid quantizer exhibits high linearity. The SAR and VCOQ operate in a pipeline to reduce excess-loop-delay when used in a $\Delta \quad \Sigma$ loop. This enables high sampling frequencies. By using this SAR-VCO quantizer in a 2nd order $\Delta \quad \Sigma$ loop, 4th order noise shaping is achieved using only two OTA-RC integrators. The $\Delta \quad \Sigma$ modulator exhibits robust performance against gain mismatches between the SAR path and the VCO path in the quantizer. The prototype modulator fabricated in a 65 nm CMOS process operates at 600 MHz sampling frequency and achieves 84 dB SFDR, 83 dB DR and peak SNR/SNDR of 82.26/80 dB for a 12 MHz signal bandwidth. The resulting FOM W is 84.12 fJ/conv-step and FOM S-SNDR is 168.6 dB.
Emerging Stock Market Liberalization And Currency Crises

The liberalization of emerging stock markets in Latin America and East Asia in the late 1980s and early 1990s was expected to make these equity markets more efficient and more integrated in world financial markets. However, large capital inflows in the first half of the 1990s were followed by sudden and huge capital outflows in the second half of the 1990s, which ultimately provoked severe currency and economic crises. It is possible that emerging stock markets remained inefficient despite their liberalization, and allowed speculative bubbles to develop and eventually burst. The main objective of this paper is therefore to test the efficiency of Latin American and East Asian equity markets before and after their liberalization. We also examine the integration of these emerging stock markets in world financial markets, and investigate the relationships between stock returns and currency crises over these two periods.
Meta analysis of regression: a review and new approach with application to linear-circular regression model

In a usual meta analysis of regression, it is assumed that co-variance among studies are zero. However, the main utility of a meta analysis is to provide an estimated overall effect by combining th...
Individual-Level Competencies for Team Collaboration with Cross-Disciplinary Researchers and Stakeholders

Cross-disciplinary social, behavioral health, and environmental research teams are commonly composed of individuals who contribute distinctive discipline- or field-based skills and knowledge to the team’s collective work. Yet other individual-level attributes also influence team success, interacting with the scientific work of the team and shaping engagement with other stakeholders. An understanding of individual-level factors is thus critical to the success of cross-disciplinary science teams, informing important decisions about team composition, training, coaching, facilitation, and management of differences and conflict. This chapter discusses the value of “T-shaped” disciplinary and cross-disciplinary preparation. We then describe four interrelated domains—individual-level values, attitudes, knowledge, skills, and habits of mind—relevant to the process and success of cross-disciplinary scientific and stakeholder collaborations.
The Influence of Family Communication Patterns on the Processing of Messages to Increase Family Health History Seeking Intentions

The current study extends family communication patterns (FCP) research to assess how family communication schemata (conversation and conformity orientation dimensions) influence systematic processi...
Indoor Tanning Trends Among US Adults, 2007-2018

Objectives. To examine indoor tanning trends among US adults, and the relation to indoor tanning youth access legislation.Methods. This study analyzed the Health Information National Trends Survey ...
Multimorbidity Burden in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Population-based Cohort Study.

Objective To estimate the prevalence and incidence of multimorbidity in a populationbased cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) compared to subjects without RA. Methods Residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota with incident RA by 1987 ACR criteria in 1999-2013 were compared to age and sex-matched non-RA subjects from the same population. Twenty-five chronic comorbidities from a combination of the Charlson, Elixhauser and Rheumatic Disease Comorbidity Indexes were included, excluding rheumatic comorbidities. Aalen-Johansen methods were used to estimate the cumulative incidence of multimorbidity (2 or more chronic comorbidities) or substantial multimorbidity (5 or more), adjusting for the competing risk of death. Results The study included 597 patients with RA and 594 non-RA subjects (70% female, 90% Caucasian, mean age 55.5 years). At incidence/index date, the prevalence of multimorbidity was higher in RA than non-RA subjects (38% RA vs. 32% non-RA, p=0.021) while prevalence of substantial multimorbidity was similar (5% RA vs. 4% non- RA, p=0.68). During follow-up (median 11.6 years RA, 11.3 years non-RA), more RA patients developed multimorbidity (214 RA vs. 188 non-RA; adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 1.39; 95% confidence interval (CI):1.14–1.69). By 10 years after RA incidence/index, the cumulative incidence of multimorbidity was 56.5% among the RA patients (95%CI: 56.5-62.3%) compared with 47.9% among the non-RA (95%CI:42.8-53.7%). RA patients showed no evidence of increase in incidence of substantial multimorbidity (adjusted HR: 1.17; 95%CI: 0.93-1.47). Conclusion Patients with RA have both a higher prevalence of multimorbidity at the time of RA incidence as well as increased incidence thereafter.
Capillary Electrophoresis with Laser-Induced Fluorescence Detection for the Diagnosis of Phenylketonuria: A Versatile Wet or Dry Laboratory Experiment in Upper-Level Undergraduate Analytical Chemistry

Capillary electrophoresis is a powerful separation tool with a wide range of analytes for diverse applications and is compatible with various detection methods. While some more established separation techniques like gas or liquid chromatography are utilized heavily in analytical chemistry laboratory courses, newer commercial capillary electrophoresis instrumentation remains underrepresented in undergraduate laboratories, with the concepts being largely in the realm of lecture alone in analytical chemistry curricula. Despite its proven power and wide application, an undergraduate laboratory experiment utilizing capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection (CE-LIF) has yet to be published. Here, we present an experiment for third- and fourth-year undergraduate analytical chemistry courses in which the students use CE-LIF to optimize system parameters, analyze the amino acid profile of a mock “patient sample”, and use calibration standards coupled with statistical analysis to provide a phenylketonuria (PKU) diagnosis. This experiment is easily adaptable to a dry lab, making this technique available to laboratories without the resources needed to acquire a CE-LIF system. We also demonstrate that the dry lab analysis can be accomplished in an online format, requiring no student presence in the laboratory, which is especially relevant due to recent events concerning the COVID-19 pandemic.
Temporal Trends, Characteristics, and Citations of Retracted Articles in Cardiovascular Medicine

This systematic review examines temporal trends of retractions in cardiology literature and assesses their effect.
Forecasting Multiple Sclerosis Hospitalization and Healthcare Burden in the United States from 2017 to 2040 (P4.6-007)

Objective: To forecast multiple sclerosis (MS) hospitalization and burden in the United States from 2017–2040. Background: In the backdrop of recent cost-containment reforms, the increment in the annual MS hospitalization rates over the last decade often question the future economic viability for neuro-care delivery to MS patients. As the focus on improving value in healthcare delivery is gaining national momentum, forecasting healthcare burden is beneficial for prioritizing resources. Design/Methods: A time-series analysis using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average(ARIMA) models were performed to forecast MS burden in the US between 2017–2040 based upon epidemiological data from the National Inpatient Sample 2001–2016 on MS admissions [ICD-9/10: 340, G35]. Primary outcomes were projections for annual MS hospitalization rates, case-fatality, discharge disposition, costs, length of stay(LOS) until 2040, measured as a percent-change compared to the baseline 2016 year. Results: In 2030 and 2040, MS admissions is predicted to increase by approximately 32%(n=198,361) and 55%(n=232,597) respectively, from baseline 2016(n=150,430). The inpatient mortality will not likely witness a major deviation from their current trends [0.32% in 2016] versus 0.22% in 2030 and 0.19% in 2040. However, a higher proportion of inpatients are likely to witness non-routine discharges(rehabilitation) in 2030 [+43%; n=13737] and 2040[+67%; n=16059] versus 2016(n=9619). The average LOS will decrease by 7% in 2030[5.05 days] and by 13% in 2040[4.68 days] from baseline 5.41 days(2016). Despite decrease in LOS, the cost of care will increase by 17%(+$2,073) in 2030 and 28%(+$3,504) in 2040 versus US$12333(2016), when inflation-adjusted to the 2018-dollar amounts. Conclusions: From a policymaking perspective, these projections serve as an adjunct for assessing appropriate future in-training neurologists needed to be trained in MS sub-specialty to meet demands and reduce access disparities. Prioritizing resources for the establishment of formal, ACGME-accredited MS fellowship programs are warranted to optimize MS care. To curtail increasing costs, strategies promoting administrative efficiencies can aid in providing affordable care. Disclosure: Dr. Sharma has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bittner has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cho has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Optum.
Patients with a high femoroepiphyseal roof (FEAR) with concomitant borderline hip dysplasia and femoroacetabular impingement syndrome do not demonstrate inferior outcomes following arthroscopic hip surgery

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes after hip arthroscopy for FAIS in patients with borderline hip dysplasia and hip instability defined radiographically using the femoroepiphyseal acetabular roof (FEAR) index, and patients without radiographic evidence of hip instability. Methods Data from consecutive patients with borderline hip dysplasia (lateral center edge angle, LCEA, 18˚-25˚) who underwent primary hip arthroscopy between April 2012 and June 2017 for the treatment of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) were analyzed. Baseline demographic data, radiographic parameters, preoperative, and two-year postoperative patient reported outcome measures (PROM) were collected. FEAR index was measured by three different observers. Patients with an average FEAR index ≥2˚ were categorized as having radiographic evidence of instability as previously published. The analysis was powered to detect a minimal clinical important difference (MCID) for each outcome score. Statistical analysis was performed as appropriate to compare patients with FEAR index ≥2 and Results A total of 140 patients met the inclusion criteria. The average age and body mass index of included patients was 31.7±13.2 (p 0.05 for all). Conclusion Patients with borderline hip dysplasia and radiographic-evidence of hip instability, as measured by the FEAR index (≥2°), achieve similar improvement in 2-year outcomes compared to those with radiographically stable hips following arthroscopic treatment of FAIS.