cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fillers across languages and language abilities.

Peters has made an excellent case for the importance of ‘filler’ syllables during the early stages of children's language development. In this commentary, I discuss some of the implications of filler-syllable use for related areas of child language research. The comments are based on observations made during collaborative cross-linguistic studies of both normally developing children and children with language disorders acquiring Italian (Leonard, Bortolini, Caselli, McGregor & Sabbadini, 1992; Bortolini & Leonard, 1996; Bortolini, Caselli & Leonard, 1997; Leonard & Bortolini, 1998), Hebrew (Dromi, Leonard & Shteiman, 1993; Leonard & Dromi, 1994; Dromi, Leonard, Adam & Zadunaisky-Ehrlich, 1999; Leonard, Dromi, Adam & Zadunaisky-Ehrlich, 2000), and Swedish (Hansson, Nettelbladt & Leonard, 2000).
Sensitivity analysis for missing data in regulatory submissions.

The National Research Council Panel on Handling Missing Data in Clinical Trials recommended that sensitivity analyses have to be part of the primary reporting of findings from clinical trials. Their specific recommendations, however, seem not to have been taken up rapidly by sponsors of regulatory submissions. The NRC report's detailed suggestions are along rather different lines than what has been called sensitivity analysis in the regulatory setting up to now. Furthermore, the role of sensitivity analysis in regulatory decision-making, although discussed briefly in the NRC report, remains unclear. This paper will examine previous ideas of sensitivity analysis with a view to explaining how the NRC panel's recommendations are different and possibly better suited to coping with present problems of missing data in the regulatory setting. It will also discuss, in more detail than the NRC report, the relevance of sensitivity analysis to decision-making, both for applicants and for regulators. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA
A Lagrangean Heuristic For The Degree Constrained Minimal Spanning Tree Problem

In this paper we present a new heuristic procedure to solve the degree constrained minimal spanning tree problem. This procedure uses Lagrangian relaxation of the integer programming formulation of the problem to get a lower bound for the optimal objective function value. A subgradient optimization method is used to find multipliers that give good lower bounds. A branch exchange procedure is used after each iteration of the subgradient optimization to generate a feasible solution from an infeasible Lagrangean solution. Computational results are given for problems with up to 300 nodes. The heuristic procedure presented here gives optimal solutions in most instances. For problem sets that were not solved optimally, the gap between the lower bound and the feasible solution was less than 10 -2 percent.
Social Defense: An Evolutionary-Developmental Model of Children's Strategies for Coping with Threat in the Peer Group

Navigating the ubiquitous conflict, competition, and complex group dynamics of the peer group is a pivotal developmental task of childhood. Difficulty negotiating these challenges represents a substantial source of risk for psychopathology. Evolutionary developmental psychology offers a unique perspective with the potential to reorganize the way we think about the role of peer relationships in shaping how children cope with the everyday challenges of establishing a social niche. To address this gap, we utilize the ethological reformulation of the emotional security theory as a guide to developing an evolutionary framework for advancing an understanding of the defense strategies children use to manage antagonistic peer relationships and protect themselves from interpersonal threat (Davies and Sturge-Apple, 2007). In this way, we hope to illustrate the value of an evolutionary developmental lens in generating unique theoretical insight and novel research directions into the role of peer relationships in the development of psychopathology.
A Review of “Monogamy: The Untold Story,”

Marianne Brandon takes readers on a journey through the world of monogamy. She states: In acknowledging the realities of monogamy, I hope you will be better equipped to achieve it…I will lead you t...
Intrinsic Gastrointestinal Macrophages: Their Phenotype and Role in Gastrointestinal Motility

There is an increasing awareness of the role of macrophages in the regulation and maintenance of gastrointestinal function in health and disease. This work has proceeded in the context of an increased understanding of the complex phenotypic variation in macrophages throughout the body and has revealed previously un-identified roles for macrophages in diseases like gastroparesis, post-operative ileus and inflammatory bowel disease. Opportunities for exploiting the phenotypic modulation of tissue resident macrophages have been identified as possible therapies for some of these diseases. In addition, macrophages are an established component of the innate immune system that can respond to variations and changes in the intestinal microbiome and potentially mediate part of the impact of the microbiota on intestinal health. We reviewed the latest work on novel concepts in defining macrophage phenotype, discuss possible mechanisms of action for tissue-resident macrophages in the gut, address the significance of microbiome effects on macrophage phenotype and review the known and possible roles of macrophages in motility disorders of the gastrointestinal tract.
MACRO- AND MICROGEOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE OF A SPATIALLY SUBDIVIDED BEETLE SPECIES IN NATURE.

Spatial subdivision of species can affect their population structure by allowing processes such as limited dispersal, spatial heterogeneity in selective pressures, small population sizes, and random events to operate. By studying species restricted to islands or "island" habitats, one can attempt to determine which of these factors have affected the current structure of the population. Collops georgianus (Coleoptera: Melyridae), a beetle species endemic to the "island" habitat of granitic rock outcrops, was chosen to see how its spatially subdivided distribution has affected its genetic structure. Its genetic structure was examined on both a macrogeographic and a microgeo- graphic level using protein electrophoresis. Macrogeographically, 12 populations throughout its range were sampled. The discontinuous distribution of outcrops, and thus populations, throughout its range, has determined the connectivity of the populations. Significant variation in allele fre- quencies and substructuring (FST = 0.192) was found throughout the range, but there was no spatial autocorrelation. Microgeographically, in the central part of the range, where outcrops are denser and more continuously distributed in space, there was evidence of isolation by distance. Very little variation in allele frequencies was found, but a low but significant level of substructuring occurred among the populations. Comparison of disjunct and continuous populations microgeographically revealed no effect of disjunct distributions, although a significant effect of distance was detected. Effective population size variation among populations and between years, compoulnded with the effects of local extinctions, suggest that random processes such as drift and founder effects are important determinants of the population's genetic structure.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Ultrasound Fusion-Guided Prostate Biopsy: Review of Technology, Techniques, and Outcomes.

Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided (12–14 core) systematic biopsy of the prostate is the recommended standard for patients with suspicion of prostate cancer (PCa). Advances in imaging have led to the application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the detection of PCa with subsequent development of software-based co-registration allowing for the integration of MRI with real-time TRUS during prostate biopsy. A number of fusion-guided methods and platforms are now commercially available with common elements in image and analysis and planning. Implementation of fusion-guided prostate biopsy has now been proven to improve the detection of clinically significant PCa in appropriately selected patients.
In-situ Fabrication and Microstructure of ZL101 Composite Reinforced by SiC and TiB_2 Particles

To solve the problem that the mechanical property of single SiC reinforced aluminum matrix composite is low,the(SiC+TiB2)/ZL101 composite with higher mechanical properties were fabricated successfully.The microstructure of the composite was observed by SEM and the results revealed that TiB2 and SiC particles are well distributed in the matrix.The mechanical properties of the composite were measured by hardness tester and tensile tester at room temperature.The hardness of the composite reinforced by SiC and TiB2 is markedly higher than that of the composite reinforced by SiC particle and the hardness of the(TiB2+SiC)/ZL101 is raised by 16.9% than that of ZL101 matrix.The tensile strength of the composite is slightly higher than the composite reinforced by single SiC particle.
Ophthalmic considerations in the severely injured patient.

Eye injuries in severely or multiply injured patients can be easily overlooked or ignored. The critical aspects of an ophthalmic evaluation are detailed to enable the surgeon to promptly recognize eye signs that signal a need for specialized ophthalmic medical or surgical management.
Use of VM-26 as a single agent in the treatment of renal carcinoma

VM-26 was administered to 13 patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the kidney. Twelve of the 13 patients were assessable. The remaining patient was nonevaluable due to early death as defined in the protocol. No responses were observed in any of the 12 patients. Nonhematological toxicity was mild except for one instance of life-threatening hypotension, occurring during the infusion of VM-26. Significant leukopenia (less than 3000/mm3) occurred in 29% of courses and significant thrombocytopenia (less than 100,000/mm3) occurred in 14% of courses. Further studies using VM-26 in renal cell carcinoma do not seem warranted.
The Biology and Detection of Immune Complexes

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the interaction of immune complexes (ICs) with complement and with the cells of the immune system. The effect of immune complexes depends to a great extent on their antigen–antibody ratio so that their influence, either stimulatory or suppressive, is itself modulated by quantitative aspects of the immune response. The development of numerous techniques for the detection and quantitation of immune complexes has stimulated clinically related research and expanded the list of diseases in which immune complexes appear to play an important role. An extension of this diagnostic technology is the ability to isolate immune complexes and, in turn, their antigenic component, thereby making it possible to identify the antigens involved in immune processes of a great many diseases, including those of unknown etiology. In vivo and in vitro experiments have clarified many factors involved in IC formation, removal, and localization as well as the mechanisms of IC-induced inflammatory reactions. An individual can make an immune response to a large number of exogenous and a smaller number of endogenous antigens. Depending upon the availability of antigen, the antibodies so produced form ICs, which for the most part serve the purpose of aiding the host in eliminating potential pathogens.
Pattern masking deficits associated with dyslexia: An analysis of psychometric functions

Observers with dyslexia show a significant increase in backward pattern masking, but the slopes of their psychometric functions do not differ from controls, suggesting a perceptual rather than a cognitive basis for this deficit.
Abstract 2383: Multiregional RNA sequencing identifies intratumor transcriptomic heterogeneity in a subset of early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is known to have histological intra-tumor heterogeneity. Little is known about the underlying molecular contributions to this observation, or its potential impact on resistance to therapies. AIMS: 1) To evaluate intra-tumoral molecular heterogeneity of primary HCCs using multi-regional RNA-seq; 2) to correlate molecular alterations with histological features at distinct areas. METHODS: We analyzed 55 fresh-frozen tissues from 10 patients with BCLC-A HCC treated with surgical resection. Multi-regional sampling included 38 HCCs and 16 adjacent non-tumoral tissues (average 5.4 samples per patient). We performed HE 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2383.
Spatio-temporal dynamics of house prices in the USA

This study examines the space-time dynamics of real house prices and macroeconomic fundamentals such as real per capita disposable income and interest rate across 373 metropolitan areas in the US during 1976–2011. The estimation results of the dynamic spatial Durbin model show significant spatial spillover effects indicating that macroeconomic fundamentals of neighboring metropolitan areas play important role in real house price determination. The time varying version of the dynamic model also indicates an increasing spatial correlation in house price and income interactions over the sample period.
Cytokinin regulates the expression of a soybean beta-expansin gene by a post-transcriptional mechanism.

The cytokinin-inducible soybean mRNA Cim1 accumulates 20–60-fold upon cytokinin addition to cytokinin-starved soybean suspension cultures. In this report, we demonstrate that cytokinin-induced stability of the Cim1 mRNA plays an important role in the accumulation of the message. We also present evidence that cytokinin-induced Cim1 stability is blocked by the addition of the protein phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid. Thus, we suggest that protein phosphatase activity is required for the cytokinin-induced stability and subsequent accumulation of Cim1 in soybean cells. The deduced amino acid sequence of the Cim1 protein product is similar to the group I pollen allergens from various plants, which constitute a subfamily of expansin proteins. The relatedness between Cim1 and the expansins supports our hypothesis that the protein product of Cim1 is localized to the cell wall and suggests a role for Cim1 in cytokinin-regulated cell wall expansion. Thus, post-transcriptional regulation of Cim1 by cytokinin may represent a molecular link between cytokinin and changes in cell shape and size.
Facilitated Dissociation Kinetics of Dimeric Nucleoid-Associated Proteins Follow a Universal Curve

Recent experimental work has demonstrated facilitated dissociation of certain nucleoid-associated proteins that exhibit an unbinding rate that depends on the concentration of freely diffusing proteins or DNA in solution. This concentration dependence arises due to binding competition with these other proteins or DNA. The identity of the binding competitor leads to different qualitative trends, motivating an investigation to understand observed differences in facilitated dissociation. We use a coarse-grained simulation that takes into account the dimeric nature of many nucleoid-associated proteins by allowing an intermediate binding state. The addition of this partially bound state allows the protein to be unbound, partially bound, or fully bound to a DNA strand, leaving opportunities for other molecules in solution to participate in the unbinding mechanism. Previous models postulated symmetric binding energies for each state of the coarse-grained protein corresponding to the symmetry of the dimeric protein; this model relaxes this assumption by assigning different energies for the different steps in the unbinding process. Allowing different unbinding energies not only has equilibrium effects on the system, but kinetic effects as well. We were able to reproduce the unbinding trends seen experimentally for both DNA and protein competitors. All trends collapse to a universal curve regardless of the unbinding energies used or the identity of the dissociation facilitator, suggesting that facilitated dissociation can be described with a single set of scaling parameters that are related to the energy landscape and geometric nature of the competitors.
Inculturation for mission: The transformation of the French Notre-Dame des Victoires into Our Lady of La Vang in Vietnam 1998:

The article discusses the indigenization of the French Notre-Dame des Victoires into Our Lady of La Vang in Vietnam in 1998. It argues that the La Vang project was a missionary strategy employed by...
Are Court Orders Sticky? Evidence from School Finance Litigation

Whether welfare analysis of legal rule changes should evaluate distributional outcomes as well as efficiency depends crucially on how much their distributional impacts stick. That is, do court mandates ultimately affect the distribution of taxes and spending or do legislatures offset the distributional consequences of those court orders with other changes? Little is known about this question. To offer insight into it, I use an event study methodology to show how state revenues and expenditures respond to court orders to increase funding for schools. I find that the court orders’ distributional impacts do stick. The education spending is financed by tax increases that do not target the largest beneficiaries of the increased education spending, the poor and those with children. Thus, since the main beneficiaries of the school spending do not pay a disproportionate share of the costs, advocates for school finance reform are effective at transferring resources to poor families. The results suggest that welfare analysis of these legal rules should take into account not only efficiency but also distribution, in a departure from traditional economic analysis of legal rules.
Effects of Diel Temperature Fluctuation on Growth, Stress Response, and Immune Function of Burbot

AbstractNorth American Burbot Lota lota maculosa occupy habitats from deep, cold lakes to prairie streams. Controlled laboratory trials were conducted to evaluate the growth, immune response, and thermal stress physiology of juvenile Burbot subjected to fluctuating, high diel temperatures. Age-0 Burbot from a captive propagation program associated with population restoration in the Kootenai River, Idaho, were tested in temperature cycles that imitated summer conditions observed in regional stream habitats. The diel temperature cycle for the treatment group varied from 18°C at night to 27°C during the day, whereas the control group was held at a constant temperature of 14°C. We evaluated survival, growth, feed efficiency, heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) levels, hsp70 gene expression, serum lysozyme levels, and proximate body composition in samples taken from fish before, during, and at the completion of the trials. Both treatments had high survival and similar growth rates, but the control group gained signi...
Response by Murthy et al to Letter Regarding Article, “Restarting Anticoagulant Therapy After Intracranial Hemorrhage: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”

We thank Barco et al for taking interest in our study.1 The authors highlight important limitations of our study, which though acknowledged in detail are critical to the generation of new knowledge for intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and stroke prevention and, therefore, worth re-emphasis. We would like to reiterate that our aim was to perform the most rigorous possible evaluation of the existing data using meta-analysis guidelines. Given the absence of large, randomized clinical trials, it is clear that we need more data to develop firm scientific ground for decision making around (1) location of bleed (lobar versus deep), (2) differential cardiovascular risk (atrial fibrillation, mechanical valve, venous thromboembolism), and (3) competing risk of ICH, ischemic disease, and ICH-related mortality. Each of these populations may carry different risks of bleeding and ischemia, altering …
Home Health Agency Characteristics and Quality Outcomes for Medicare Beneficiaries With Rehabilitation-Sensitive Conditions.

Abstract Objective To examine associations between organizational characteristics of home health agencies (eg, profit status, rehabilitation therapy staffing model, size, and rurality) and quality outcomes in Medicare beneficiaries with rehabilitation-sensitive conditions, conditions for which occupational, physical, and/or speech therapy have the potential to improve functioning, prevent or slow substantial decline in functioning, or increase ability to remain at home safely. Design Retrospective analysis. Setting Home health agencies. Participants Fee-for-service beneficiaries (N=1,006,562) admitted to 9250 Medicare-certified home health agencies in 2009. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Institutional admission during home health care, community discharge, and institutional admission within 30 days of discharge. Results Nonprofit (vs for-profit) home health agencies were more likely to discharge beneficiaries to the community (odds ratio [OR], 1.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13–1.33) and less likely to have beneficiaries incur institutional admissions within 30 days of discharge (OR, .93; 95% CI, .88–.97). Agencies in rural (vs urban) counties were less likely to discharge patients to the community (OR, .83; 95% CI, .77–.90) and more likely to have beneficiaries incur institutional admissions during home health (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.18–1.30) and within 30 days of discharge (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.10–1.22). Agencies with contract (vs in-house) therapy staff were less likely to discharge beneficiaries to the community (OR, .79, 95% CI, .70–.91) and more likely to have beneficiaries incur institutional admissions during home health (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.03–1.15) and within 30 days of discharge (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.07–1.28). Conclusions As payers continue to test and implement reimbursement mechanisms that seek to reward value over volume of services, greater attention should be paid to organizational factors that facilitate better coordinated, higher quality home health care for beneficiaries who may benefit from rehabilitation.
Theoretical Expressions for the Ascent Rate of Moist Deep Convective Thermals

AbstractAn approximate analytic expression is derived for the ratio λ of the ascent rate of moist deep convective thermals and the maximum vertical velocity within them; λ is characterized as a fun...
Radionuclide Transport in a Dolomite Aquifer

The most probable paths for radionuclide transport between the biosphere and the proposed bedded salt repository (WIPP) in southeastern New Mexico are through dolomite formations which are the only currently water-bearing units overlying the repository horizon. This paper describes some of the experimental work performed to determine the potential for radionuclide migration in these formations. Included are the results of radionuclide sorption studies on natural dolomites (Magenta and Culebra) and on synthetic dolomite (proto-dolomite). Sorption on natural dolomites was evaluated with respect to core sample location, ground water composition, nuclide concentration and water volume to rock mass ratios used in making the measurements. The results show that a discrete value such as a distribution coefficient (Kd) assigned to a given radionuclide does not accurately describe its interactions with site specific geological formation.
E-Business Adoption Research: Analysis and Structure

Hundreds of articles on e-business adoption were published from 2006 to 2010. What are the primary and new messages they convey? Going forward, an answer to this question is necessary and valuable to facilitate systematic advances in e-business adoption research. As a way to bring sense to this complicated landscape, this paper analyzes what has been accomplished. The resultant profile gives, not only a unifying picture of the past, but a guiding structure within which future e-business adoption research can be framed and positioned. Simultaneously, it points out some changes and deficiencies in e-business adoption research. We reveal that e-business adoption research is a multidisciplinary issue. Particularly, e-business adoption in organizations is moving toward an advanced stage in the evolution continuum. However, little research has been done regarding the adoption of online supply chain integration and of specialized online technologies. Finally, we identify some future research avenues and offer a research agenda.
Designing nudges for the context: Golden coin decals nudge workplace behavior in China

Abstract We conduct a field experiment in a Chinese workplace to illustrate that designing nudges requires an understanding of the motivational structure of a behavior, which includes recognizing people’s subjective understandings of their local context. Workers in six production departments of a textile factory in China were unresponsive to the factory’s rules and monetary incentives to throw waste in trash cans, rather than on the floor. We designed a nudge in the form of decals depicting golden coins placed on the production floors. The coins were intended to counter workers’ motivation to work without pause with their motivation to keep the golden coins uncontaminated by waste, given the shared belief that golden coins are an omen for fortune and luck. Using a stepped wedge repeated within-group design, we randomized which days the coin nudge was implemented, removed, and re-implemented in each department over a period of 5 months. We collected and coded daily pictures (7,927 total) of each production floor before, during, and after these “coin nudge” implementations and removals. Waste on the floor was significantly reduced by over 20% following the first coin nudge implementation, compared to baseline. However, the coin nudge was not effective when reimplemented, after coins were removed without justification. Removing and re-implementing the coin nudge may have shifted workers’ subjective interpretation of the coins. Results support the idea that nudges are not always off-the-shelf, given that they must recognize motivations and subjective interpretations within a particular context.
LOCATION-AWARE COMPUTING

The advances in mobile computing, location sensing, and wireless networking have led to a new class of computing, namely location-aware computing. Location-awareness concerns the use of information about a person’s geographical location to provide more relevant information and services to that person. Location-aware systems play a central role in ubiquitous computing to sense and react to real-world context. The aim of this paper is to provide a brief introduction to location-aware computing.
Reduced Segregation Between Cognitive and Emotional Processes in Cannabis Dependence.

Addiction is characterized by an erosion of cognitive control toward drug taking that is accentuated by negative emotional states. Here we tested the hypothesis that enhanced interference on cognitive control reflects a loss of segregation between cognition and emotion in addiction. We analyzed Human Connectome Project data from 1206 young adults, including 89 with cannabis dependence (CD). Two composite factors, one for cognition and one for emotion, were derived using principal component (PC) analyses. Component scores for these PCs were significantly associated in the CD group, such that negative emotionality correlated with poor cognition. However, the corresponding component scores were uncorrelated in matched controls and nondependent recreational cannabis users (n = 87). In CD, but not controls or recreational users, functional magnetic resonance imaging activations to emotional stimuli (angry/fearful faces > shapes) correlated with activations to cognitive demand (working memory; 2-back > 0-back). Canonical correlation analyses linked individual differences in cognitive and emotional component scores with brain activations. In CD, there was substantial overlap between cognitive and emotional brain-behavior associations, but in controls, associations were more restricted to the cognitive domain. These findings support our hypothesis of impaired segregation between cognitive and emotional processes in CD that might contribute to poor cognitive control under conditions of increased emotional demand.
Impact of Radiation on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Resectable Esophageal Cancer

Abstract Purpose Preoperative radiation therapy improves outcomes for operable esophageal cancer patients, though the proximity of the heart to the esophagus puts patients at risk of radiation-induced cardiovascular disease. This study characterizes the impact of radiation therapy and different radiation techniques on cardiovascular morbidity among a large cohort of esophageal cancer patients. Methods We identified 1,125 Medicare beneficiaries diagnosed between 2000 and 2011 with esophageal cancer who received surgery alone, or surgery preceded by either preoperative chemotherapy or preoperative chemoradiation. We used Medicare claims to identify severe adverse cardiovascular events in the perioperative and postoperative periods. Multivariable logistic regression and Fine-Gray models were used to determine the effect of pre-surgery treatment on the risk of perioperative and postoperative cardiovascular disease. Results Preoperative chemotherapy or preoperative chemoradiation did not significantly increase the risk of perioperative cardiovascular complications compared to surgery alone. Patients treated with preoperative chemoradiation had a 36% increased risk of having a postoperative cardiovascular event compared to patients treated with surgery alone (subdistribution hazard ratio [SDHR] 1.36; p=0.035). There was no significant increase in cardiovascular events among patients treated with preoperative chemotherapy (SDHR 1.18; p=0.40). Among patients treated with preoperative chemoradiation, those receiving intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) had a 68% decreased risk of having a cardiovascular event compared to patients receiving conventional radiation (SDHR 0.32; p=0.007). Conclusions This study demonstrates an increased risk of cardiovascular complications among operative esophageal cancer patients treated with preoperative chemoradiation, though these risks might be reduced with more cardioprotective radiation techniques such as IMRT.
TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF RELAXATION OF INJECTED CHARGE AT THE POLYCRYSTALLINE-SILICON-SiO2 INTERFACE

Electron injection can occur at the polycrystalline-silicon–SiO2 interface of a polycrystalline-silicon gate MOS capacitor when relatively low negative voltages are applied to the gate. The temperature and voltage dependence of relaxation of injected negative charge has been measured. The amount of charge injected is higher and its relaxation is faster at higher temperatures. The moment of charge can shift towards the substrate silicon-SiO2 interface at negative gate voltages whose absolute magnitudes are less than the flat-band voltage of the capacitor. For positive gate voltages, the activation energy for motion of the negative charge moment is about 1 eV.
Identifying Vulnerable Plaque in Rheumatoid Arthritis Using Novel Microbubble Contrast-Enhanced Carotid Ultrasonography and Serum Biomarkers:

Objective:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Adventitial vasa vasorum density (aVVD), the vessel density of the vasa vasorum, is a surrogate meas...
Evaluation of the incremental compliances of non-elliptical contacts by treating them as external cracks

Abstract The incremental normal compliance of a contact of “irregular” (non-elliptical) shape between two elastic half spaces is considered. The contact is modeled as external crack. An approximate expression for the stress intensity factor (SIFs) around its boundary, in conjunction with Rice (1975) theorem that interrelates SIFs and crack compliances, are used to evaluate the crack compliance. The results cover a broad class of contact shapes, including – but not limited to - all convex ones. Bounds, similar to Hill's comparison theorem in micromechanics, are formulated for the compliances of contacts. The cross-property elasticity-conductivity relation yields similar results for contact conductance. The methodology is illustrated on several examples.
Long Non-Coding RNA SNHG14 Regulates SPIN1 Expression to Accelerate Tumor Progression in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer by Sponging miR-382-5p.

Background Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung carcinoma. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) small nucleolar RNA host gene 14 (SNHG14) was identified to participate in tumor progression. However, the mechanism and functions of SNHG14 were rarely reported in NSCLC progression. Methods The relative gene expression was tested by qRT-PCR. Cell viability, apoptosis, migration and invasion were measured by MTT assay, flow cytometry, and transwell migration and invasion assays, respectively. The interactions between miR-382-5p and SNHG14 or SPIN1 were predicted by starBase and confirmed by the dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull-down assay. The protein level of SPIN1 was evaluated by Western blot assay. Results The levels of SNHG14 and SPIN1 were significantly increased, while the level of miR-382-5p was apparently reduced in NSCLC tissues and cells. SNHG14 was verified to sponge miR-382-5p and SPIN1 was identified as a direct target of miR-382-5p. SNHG14 depletion repressed cell viability, migration and invasion, but induced the apoptotic rate by targeting miR-382-5p. miR-382-5p overexpression blocked cell viability, metastasis and promoted cell apoptosis by regulating SPIN1. SNHG14 silencing down-regulated SPIN1 expression by sponging miR-382-5p. Conclusion SNHG14 facilitated NSCLC progression by regulating SPIN1 expression via targeting miR-382-5p.
Concomitant tacrolimus and ketorolac therapy in pediatric liver transplant recipients: Teaching old dogma new tricks.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ketorolac, are effective analgesic medications, but concerns for nephrotoxicity have limited their role for pain control following pediatric liver transplantation (LT). Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) and NSAIDs share a similar mechanism of nephrotoxicity, and concomitant administration is traditionally discouraged. A retrospective review of pediatric LT recipients was conducted between 1/1/2015 and 12/31/2019 at a single center. Patients were stratified based on receipt of ketorolac. The primary outcome was the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI). Secondary outcomes included serum creatinine, urine output, estimated glomerular filtration rate, bleeding incidence, oral morphine milligram equivalents, and hospital length of stay (LOS). The incidence of AKI was similar between the two groups with 25.8% of patients in the ketorolac group versus 29.2% of patients in the nonketorolac group (p = .475) meeting criteria in the first 10 days post-transplant. Opioid requirements were less in the ketorolac group (p < .001), who also demonstrated shorter LOS compared with nonketorolac patients (p = .033). Concurrent CNI and ketorolac use did not result in an increased incidence of AKI in the early post-LT period and resulted in significantly lower opioid requirements along with a decreased hospital LOS.
From N $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 Super-Yang-Mills on ℝℙ4 to bosonic Yang-Mills on ℝℙ2

We study the four-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 super-Yang-Mills (SYM) theory on the unorientable spacetime manifold ℝℙ4. Using supersymmetric localization, we find that for a large class of local and extended SYM observables preserving a common supercharge $$ \mathcal{Q} $$ , their expectation values are captured by an effective two-dimensional bosonic Yang-Mills (YM) theory on an ℝℙ2 submanifold. This paves the way for understanding $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 SYM on ℝℙ4 using known results of YM on ℝℙ2. As an illustration, we derive a matrix integral form of the SYM partition function on ℝℙ4 which, when decomposed into discrete holonomy sectors, contains subtle phase factors due to the nontrivial η-invariant of the Dirac operator on ℝℙ4. We also comment on potential applications of our setup for AGT correspondence, integrability and bulk-reconstruction in AdS/CFT that involve cross-cap states on the boundary.
Thailand’s Cause Lawyers and 21st Century Military Coups: Nation, Identity and Conflicting Visions of the Rule of Law

Conflict among Thailand’s legal advocates for popular causes over the legitimacy of Thailand’s two 21st century coups raises questions about the meaning of the rule of law. The general perception of inexorable globalization of an international interpretation of the rule of law and of cause lawyers as one its important vectors, runs counter to the experience of developing societies where rule of law is being adapted to the meaning of nation and individual identity informing everyday lives and the relationship between a society and its government. This essay uses career narratives Thai cause lawyers to illustrate this point by examining sources of the rule of law’s meaning, including experiences shared by each generation of cause lawyers and communities of practice shaping individual careers and identities. Their career narratives suggest the importance of continuing relationships with social movement leaders on beliefs about Thailand’s readiness for democracy and meaning of a rule of law.
Controlled aspiration of large paediatric ovarian cystic tumours.

Abstract Aim Cystic ovarian masses in children may be physiological or neoplastic. It is mandatory that suspected neoplastic lesions are resected without tumour spillage. However, a large midline incision is cosmetically unappealing incision to young women. Here we describe our experience of using controlled drainage without spillage that allows a cosmetic pfannenstiel approach without compromising oncological principles. Method All girls treated with large ovarian cystic masses since 2008 in our centre were identified and data was collected prospectively. A small pfannenstiel incision was performed followed by peritoneal washings; tissue glue was used to stick an Opsite™ dressing to the cyst surface and fluid drained so there was no leakage back into the patient. Once aspirated the cyst was delivered and an ovarian preserving cystectomy was performed where possible. Results Twenty-three girls (median age 14.5 years (8.1 to 16.5 years) were included. Pre-operative MRI scan showed a complex lesions with median volume of 1169 ml (range 252–7077 ml). At surgery 22/23 cysts were intact and removed without spillage. Histology: mature teratoma (11), serous cyst (3), mucinous cyst adenocarcinoma (2), mucinous cystadenoma (5), Sertoli-Leydig tumour, sclerosing stromal tumour. One girl with pre-operative rupture of a mucinous adenocarcinoma subsequently died. Ovarian sparing cystectomy was performed in 17/23 girls. All other patients are well without evidence of recurrence. Conclusion This is the largest series in children and adolescents using controlled drainage of cystic ovarian tumours. Though there were a range of diagnoses we have shown that these can be removed safely with a cosmetic pfannenstiel approach while following oncological principles.
Epithelioid angiosarcoma of the small intestine presenting with intractable gastrointestinal bleeding: An uncommon tumor with diagnostic challenge and poor prognosis

Introduction: Angiosarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract is a rare, aggressive malignant neoplasm of vascular origin. Commonly, this tumor occurs due to metastases from other sites like the head and neck region and the soft tissue. When occurring as a primary tumor of the intestines, this entity poses a diagnostic dilemma due to its non-specific clinical presentation, coupled to its infiltrative features that may occur without an obvious lesion amenable to routine gastrointestinal interventions. The findings from an autopsy and surgical case with a brief review of its diagnostic features and relevant literature are discussed. Methods: We present a 73-year-old male with a history of a recent onset of gastrointestinal bleeding who was referred to our facility for persisting bleeding. He underwent endoscopy without an identifiable source of bleeding and subsequently received a colectomy at our facility, with repeated blood transfusions for persisting gastrointestinal bleeding. He was eventually transitioned to hospice and died shortly after presentation. A complete autopsy was performed. Results: There was anasarca with hemoperitoneum and intestinal intraluminal blood. Present in the small intestinal mucosa were three hemorrhagic nodules. Histologically, the nodules demonstrated medium to large epithelioid vasoformative neoplastic cells infiltrating through the wall of the small intestine and extending to the omentum. The findings from the gross and histology examination, as well as the immunohistochemical stains were consistent with an epithelioid angiosarcoma. Conclusion: Primary epithelioid angiosarcoma of the intestine is an uncommon aggressive tumor that poses a diagnostic challenge. Although rare, this diagnosis needs to be considered in patients with intractable gastrointestinal bleeding. Due to its morphologic overlap with other benign and malignant neoplasms, the use of ancillary testing during histologic examination is key in arriving at an accurate diagnosis.
Neuroqueering interpersonal communication theory: listening to autistic object-orientations

Employing rhetorical listening, I attend to the ways autistic authors narrate their relationships with objects in blogs/vlogs. These authors implore readers to engage with autistic object-orientati...
Characteristics of Upper Abdominal Pain in Those with Chronic Liver Disease

Chronic hepatitis has many causes. Symptoms include upper abdominal pain. To allow for a better understanding of this pain we compare HCV patients with other liver diseases and normal controls on their reporting of pain over one month and describe associations. A cross-sectional, case control study was performed. Three groups are studied: (1) normal individuals (NC) (N = 64), (2) patients with chronic liver diseases other than HCV (LD) (N = 53), and (3) HCV infection (N = 64). A dyspepsia questionnaire was utilized, which inquired about a one-month symptom presence of upper abdominal pain and associated symptoms. There was a one-month period prevalence of upper abdominal pain of 45.3% in the HCV group vs 32% in the LD and 20.3% in the NC groups (P = 0.01). The LD (22.6%) and HCV (26.6%) groups had markedly more pain that was worsened by eating compared with NC (1.6%) (P = .003). On univariate analysis, when comparing those with upper abdominal pain to those without, there was a lower age (41.3 vs 44.5), a higher BMI (30.3 vs 26), and more symptoms of fatigue, bloating, and pain worsened by eating and early satiety. On multivariate analysis, age 30 (OR 4.1; CI 1.5-10.9), nausea (OR 4.1; CI 1.6-10.4), and pain with eating (OR 30: CI 6.7-133) predicted upper abdominal pain. In conclusion, upper abdominal pain is more commonly reported over one month in those with chronic liver diseases. That the abdominal pain worsened after meals in liver patients but not in the normal subjects was a surprise. Possible explanations for this finding are offered.
An experimental investigation of 4-layer printed circuit board decoupling

This paper examines the measured power bus impedance of fully populated 4-layer printed circuit boards with internal power and ground planes. Three boards provided by two leading computer companies were evaluated. Each of the state-of-the-art high-speed boards used in this study employed surface-mount decoupling capacitors to reduce noise on the power bus. The boards were measured with and without some or all of their decoupling capacitance. The effectiveness of the decoupling capacitors as a function of location and frequency and the relationship between board impedance and power bus noise was explored. The behavior of 4-layer boards is shown to be quite different than that of boards without planes or boards with closely spaced planes.
Mathematical Modeling of Scour and Deposition

Electronic computers are opening up the field of sedimentation engineering by permitting the analysis of problems which heretofore have required too much time and effort. Movable stream bed profiles are being calculated in addition to water surface profiles. The initial gradation of sediment material in the stream bed may be prescribed to facilitate the calculation of an armor layer. This gradation is continually changed by the computer program in response to sediment particles being deposited on the stream bed and material on the stream bed being removed to satisfy transport capacity. Hydraulic sorting of sediment by grain size is accomodated. The stream bed does not have to be represented by a single grain size. Retardance of motion because of armor layer is calculated.
All-optical wavelength conversion based on pure optical phase modulation

We investigate a simple wavelength converter based on optical phase modulation. The scheme offers good efficiency, format- and bit-rate-independence and uses no local laser. Near penalty-free conversion, two-wavelength operation and a 100 nm operating range are confirmed.
Interactions between the sympathetic and sensory innervation of the iris

The interaction between peptidergic, sensory nerves and sympathetic fibers was examined in the rat iris. The putative peptide neurotransmitter, substance P, was used as an index of the sensory innervation, because the peptide is exclusively localized in the iris to trigeminal sensory fibers. Extirpation of the sympathetic, superior cervical ganglion resulted in an increase in iris content of substance P-like immunoreactivity (henceforth SP), suggesting that sympathetic terminals influence the peptidergic sensory innervation of the iris. The increase in iris peptide after sympathetic ganglionectomy was reversed by implantation of sympathetic ganglia into the anterior chamber of the eye. Pharmacological stimulation or blockade of sympathetic nerve impulse activity and pharmacological blockade of sympathetic axonal transport did not alter iris peptide, suggesting that these procedures did not mediate the sympathetic-sensory interaction. However, injection of nerve growth factor (NGF) systemically or into the anterior chamber increased iris peptide, reproducing the effects of ganglionectomy. Conversely, injection of antiserum to NGF (anti-NGF) into the anterior chamber decreased iris SP suggesting that endogenous trophic protein normally regulates sensory peptide. The effects of anti-NGF were transitory; iris peptide returned to normal after cessation of treatment. Consequently, anti-NGF administration apparently did not lead to sensory neuron destruction, but rather altered either the number of sensory fibers in the iris or the amount of peptide per fiber. Finally, injection of anti-NGF into the anterior chamber reversed the effects of sympathetic ganglionectomy, suggesting that NGF may mediate the sympathetic-sensory interaction. Our observations suggest that competition for target NGF may result in reciprocal regulation of the iris sympathetic and sensory innervation.