cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A case report of AML with myelodysplasia-related changes with aggressive course in association with t(3;8)(q26;q24)

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is frequently associated with clonal cytogenetic abnormalities which are major predictors of the disease outcome. t(3;8)(q26;q24) was reported as a rare recurrent cytogenetic abnormality in MDS/acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with poor prognosis. Here, we present a case of MDS which rapidly advanced to AML with t(3;8)(q26;q24) in an elderly patient. Anemia and prominent megakaryocytic dysplasia in the absence of marked thrombocytopenia were distinct morphologic features. Patient progressed to leukemia and succumbed to the disease within 7 months from the initial diagnosis. Morphologic and clinical features in this patient resembled “3q21q26 syndrome” which is also associated with poor prognosis. Reports of unfavorable outcome in the patients with t(3;8)(q26;q24) highlight the probable significance of this cytogenetic abnormality for risk stratification in MDS/AML.
CYP2D6 polymorphisms and atypical antipsychotic weight gain.

Reports have linked atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) with weight gain. The polymorphic CYP2D6 involved in metabolism has been associated with medication morbidity. Eleven subjects receiving olanzapine were genotyped for CYP2D6 to examine the relationship between 2D6 and AAP weight gain. Using a linear
SU-D-19A-07: Dosimetric Comparison of HDR Plesiotherapy and Electron Beam Therapy for Superficial Lesions

Purpose: Large superficial (skin, soft tissue sarcoma) lesions located on curved areas are hard to treat with electrons. The Freiburg Flap (Nucletron, Netherlands) is a flexible mesh style surface which can be easily shaped to fit curved surfaces for reproducible HDR fraction delivery. To understand the fundamental dosimetric differences, a dosimetric comparison was made between HDR plesiotherapy (Freiburg applicator for lesions over 4cm) and external electron beam radiotherapy over cases with varying target curvature (both stylized and clinical cases). Methods: Four stylized cases with variable complexity were created using artificial DICOM axial CT slices and RT structures (a square and three curved structures on a 4.5cm radius cylinder). They were planned using Oncentra v4.3 and exported to Pinnacle v9.6 for electrons planning. The HDR source dwell positions were optimized for the best coverage of the targets using graphical optimization. Electron treatment plans were created in Pinnacle using the same CT and RT structures of three HDR cases with surface lesions previously treated with the Freiburg flap. The En face electron plans used 6-12 MeV electrons and 0.5–1 cm bolus was added to increase surface dose. The electron plans were prescribed to an isodose line to conform to the target. Results:more » For all lesions, the average target dose coverage was similar (D90ave of 100% for HDR vs 101% for electrons). For lesions with high curvature, the HDR coverage was better (D90 102% vs D90 97% for electron). For all cases, adjacent structures high dose region was lower for HDR than electrons (D1cc 100% for HDR vs D1cc 111% for electrons). Conclusion: HDR plesiotherapy offers excellent target conformity for superficial targets similar to electrons. However, for lesions with complex curved surfaces, HDR has the advantage to achieve better dose distributions using graphical optimization to spare adjacent normal tissue while maximizing target coverage.« less
Thermal Conductivity of Some Wearing Materials

Thermal Conductivity of Woolen, Cotton, Linen and Silk Materials.---Measurements of the conductivity of samples of knitted and woven materials have been made by the disk method of Lees, corrected for variation of emissivity with temperature. From one to eight or more layers of one of the materials were held between two copper disks with a pressure of 6 gm./${\mathrm{cm}.}^{2}$, one disk being heated electrically by a coil between it and a third disk, and all three radiating to a constant temperature enclosure. The temperature of the samples was 30 to 40\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. The values obtained are greater for dense than for loosely woven or knitted samples, ranging from 76 for unspun silk, 94 to 120 for wool, 101 to 122 for silk, 131 for flannelette, 158 to 167 for linen, to 168 to 184 for cotton, all times ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$. The results come out greater for several layers than for a few, and greater for moist than for dry samples. When the materials are arranged according to conductivity for equal weight instead of equal thickness, the order depends largely on the looseness of texture, beginning with unspun silk, loosely woven wool and knitted artificial silk, and ending with closely woven silk cotton and linen.
Radiative transfer in the atmosphere of Mars and that of Venus above the cloud deck

Abstract The dimensionless parameters which describe radiative transfer within a carbon dioxide atmosphere are shown to yield the same simplifications when applied to the atmospheres of Mars and Venus above the cloud deck. The radiative-transfer formulation correspondingly predicts a middle atmosphere temperature for Mars which is somewhat lower (130°K for the equitorial equinox) than previous theoretical estimates; this result is qualitatively consistent with Mariner 6 and 7 occultation experiments. It is further illustrated that vibrational nonequilibrium is negligible for both Mars and Venus within that portion of the atmospheres where pressure broadening dominates. Diurnal changes in the atmospheric temperature profile for Venus, which result from the time dependence of solar heating, are also considered. It is shown that there exists a region above the cloud deck, exceeding 20 km in height, within which atmospheric temperature is independent of time. This is in qualitative agreement with the Mariner 5 occultation experiments. In the middle atmosphere, assuming a four-day rotation for this portion of the atmosphere, a diurnal temperature variation of 33°K is predicted.
A cross-cultural comparison of online travel information search behaviors

Abstract This study examines online travel planning behavior through the lens of information foraging theory and uncertainty avoidance. An exercise in planning a hypothetical trip using only the Internet was completed by a sample of individuals from a cultural background with high uncertainty avoidance (Belgium) and individuals from a cultural background with low uncertainty avoidance (United States) in a laboratory environment. In the exercise, individuals were asked to use the Internet to search for and hypothetically “purchase” air travel, accommodation, and activities for their trip. Results revealed that individuals from Belgium took a greater amount of time than Americans to complete the travel planning exercise, often using a ‘browsing’ style of web search, and exploring many travel options before deciding to “purchase.” In contrast, Americans tended to use “one stop shop” search style, often “purchasing” the first transportation, accommodation, or activity their searches produced, and booking multiple travel products or services on a single website.
Birth-Cohort Patterns of Mortality From Ulcerative Colitis and Peptic Ulcer

Purpose The aim was to follow the time trends of mortality from ulcerative colitis and compare them with those of gastric and duodenal ulcer. Methods Mortality data from 21 different countries between 1941 and 2004 were analyzed. The age-specific death rates of each individual country, as well as the average age-specific rates of all countries, were plotted against the periods of birth and death. Results The average trends of mortality from ulcerative colitis, gastric and duodenal ulcer reveal distinctive and unique birth-cohort patterns of all three diseases. Similar to both types of peptic ulcer, the risk of developing ulcerative colitis started to rise in successive generations born during the second half of the 19 th century. It peaked shortly before the turn of the century and has continued to decline since then. The rise and fall in the occurrence of ulcerative colitis preceded those of both ulcer types. Conclusion The birth-cohort pattern indicates that exposure to the relevant risk factors of ulcerative colitis occurs during early life. As the model of H. pylori and its associated birth-cohort patterns of gastric and duodenal ulcer suggest, an enteric infection provides a possible explanation for such temporal trends of ulcerative colitis as well.
Responses of attached algal communities to termination of thermal pollution

Post-thermal recovery of attached algae in six artificial streams subjected to three years of thermal pollution was studied for 20 months. Vaucheria, which had been reduced or eliminated by elevated temperatures in some of the streams, returned to pre-thermal abundance within one month. Schizothrix, which had been greatly augmented by heating, decreased to pre-thermal abundance within two months. However, Schizothrix also demonstrated a decreasing tendency to reappear during the late summer at above normal levels, in the stream previously heated the most (12.5 ° C). The epilithic red algae, Rhodochorton and Tuomeya were absent for three years in the stream heated 12.5 ° C above ambient, but returned to pre-thermal levels in three and five months, respectively, when the heating was terminated.
Intuition Between the Analytic-Continental Divide: Hermann Weyl's Philosophy of the Continuum

Though logical positivism is part of Kant's complex legacy, positivists rejected both Kant's theory of intuition and his classification of mathematical knowledge as synthetic a priori. This paper considers some lingering defenses of intuition in mathematics during the early part of the twentieth century, as logical positivism was born. In particular, it focuses on the difficult and changing views of Hermann Weyl about the proper role of intuition in mathematics. I argue that it was not intuition in general, but his commitment to twodifferent types of intuition, which explains his rather unusual and tormented philosophy of the mathematical continuum.
Severe hypoglycemia symptoms, antecedent behaviors, immediate consequences and association with glycemia medication usage: Secondary analysis of the ACCORD clinical trial data.

Hypoglycemia is a common complication of diabetes treatment. This paper describes symptoms, predecessors, consequences and medications associated with the first episode of severe hypoglycemia among ACCORD participants with type 2 diabetes, and compares these between intensive (Int: goal A1C <6.0%) and standard (Std, goal A1C 7–7.9%) glycemia intervention groups. Information about symptoms, antecedents, and consequences was collected at the time participants reported an episode of severe hypoglycemia. Data on medications prescribed during the clinical trial was used to determine the association of particular diabetes drug classes and severe hypoglycemia. The most frequently reported symptoms in both glycemia group were weakness/fatigue (Int 29%; Std 30%) and sweating (Int 26%; Std 27%), followed by confusion/disorientation (Int 22%; Std 29%) and shakiness (Int 21%; Std 19%). Approximately half of all events were preceded by a variation in food intake (Int 48%; Std 58%). The most common consequences were confusion (Int 37%; Std 34%), loss of consciousness (Int 25%; Std 25%), and hospitalization (Int 18%; Std 24%). The highest rates of hypoglycemia were found among those participants treated with insulin only (Int 6.09/100 person yrs; Std 2.64/100 person yrs) while the lowest were among those prescribed oral agents only (Int 1.93/100 person yrs; Std 0.20/100 person yrs). Severe hypoglycemia episodes were frequently preceded by a change in food intake, making many episodes potentially preventable. Symptoms of confusion/disorientation and loss of consciousness were frequently seen. The highest rates of hypoglycemia were seen with prescription of insulin, either alone or in combination with other medications. Number: NCT00000620
Demyelinating events in early multiple sclerosis have inherent severity and recovery

Background: It is unclear whether the severity of and recovery from the initial demyelinating event (IDE) are recapitulated in subsequent multiple sclerosis (MS) relapses. We sought to identify the factors associated with relapse severity and recovery and to evaluate whether events have inherent severity or recovery. Methods: Patients seen at the UCSF MS Clinic within 1 year of disease onset were identified from a prospective database. Ordinal logistic regression was used to analyze predictors of three-level categorizations of event severity and recovery. Results: We identified 330 patients with MS or clinically isolated syndrome; 152 had a second event and 63 had a third event. Nonwhite and younger patients were at an increased risk of more severe demyelinating events. A severe prior event predicted a substantial increase in the odds of being above any given severity cutoff for a severe subsequent event (for second event severity, odds ratio [OR] 5.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] [2.39, 13.26], p 0.0001; for third event severity, OR 6.74, 95% CI [1.67, 27.18], p 0.007). Similarly, poor recovery of the IDE predicted poor second event recovery (OR 5.28, 95% CI [1.95, 14.25], p 0.001), while fair or poor second event recovery predicted about a 5- or 13-fold increase in the odds of poor third event recovery. A more severe event also predicted a substantial increase in the odds of poor recovery. Conclusions: Patients with severe presentation and poor recovery at disease onset continue on a similar trajectory with subsequent demyelinating events. Whether genetic or other biologic factors are responsible for this pattern remains to be determined. Neurology ® 2009;72:602–608
Discretizing the three-body continuum: Bound states and two-body amplitudes

Abstract In this paper, we use a soluble model to investigate the accuracy of a discretization approximation for calculating bound states and two-body collision parameters. The model is that of three identical particles interacting via short-range, separable, S -wave pair potentials. Both weakly (spin-quartet fermion) and strongly (boson) interacting systems are examined. Discretization is achieved by diagonalizing the Hamiltonian for the two-particle subsystems in a finite set of L 2 functions, here chosen to be Laguerre polynomials. By requiring that the energy and eigenfunction of the lowest-lying member of the resulting set of pseudostates be in excellent agreement with the actual bound-state energy and eigenfunction of the two-particle Hamiltonian, this method discretizes the three-particle continuum, replacing it with a set of two-body continua corresponding to pseudo-inelastic scattering. Exact results have been obtained by solving the Alt-Grassberger-Sandhas (AGS) equations. Five sets of approximate results have also been determined. Four of these sets were obtained by applying the discretization method to four different three-particle collision formalisms, viz., those based on the AGS equations, the Lovelace equations, and the channel permuting array T and X equations. The fifth set was determined by solving the standard coupled reaction channel (CRC) equations augmented by adding the (excited) pseudostates to the ground state in each two-particle subsystem. The accuracy of the approximate results was studied as a function of the numbers of pseudostates included in the calculation; retaining only the two-particle ground state defines the bound-state approximation (BSA) for this system. In general, the BSA is better for the CRC method than for any of the discretized exact formalisms. In addition, the CRC method also responds best to the discretization approximation, e.g., its rate of convergence to the exact result is faster. Our explanation for this behavior is given in the succeeding article.
Modeling forest physics and ecology to assess the impacts of climate variability

Abstract Growing empirical and modeling evidence tends to support the hypothesis that humans are inadvertently modifying the Earth's climate. Such changes should lead to changes in the mean of climatic parameters. Furthermore, the physical processes behind the changes in the mean are likely to result in changes in the variance as well. Vegetation plays a significant climatic role by determining the physics of ice-free continental surfaces and the local, regional, and global hydrology, influencing the global climate by modifying the chemical composition of the atmosphere, and, in particular, by partially controlling the CO2 flux to the atmosphere. In turn, vegetation is affected by climate, which has numerous important consequences for human societies managing it as a crop or exploiting it as a natural resource. It is therefore crucial to understand and model vegetation response to climatic changes. For this purpose, statistical, probabilistic, physio-physical, and gap-phase dynamics approaches to modeling vegetation are presented and evaluated. A series of sensitivity study is performed with the gap-phase dynamics approach to investigate the qualitative and quantitative differences between the outcome of changes in the mean and in the standard deviation of temperature and precipitation, and to analyze the physics and the biology of the parameterizations causing these differential responses.
The prediction of two- and three-dimensional asymmetrical turbulent wakes - A comparision of the performance of three turbulence models for the effects of streamline curvature and rotation

Two- and three-dimensional turbulent wakes which develop under the influence of streamline curvature and rotation were calculated with three turbulence closure models. The first model comprised of transport equations for the turbulent kinetic energy and the rate of energy dissipation. The second model comprised of equations for the rate of turbulent kinetic energy dissipation and Reynolds stresses, but the effects of the convection and diffusion in the Reynolds stress transport equation were handled collectively. The third model utilizes equations of turbulent kinetic energy dissipation and Reynolds stresses in nearly exact form. All of the three models were modified for the effects of streamline curvature. The second and third models include the effects of rotation through the rotation-originated redistribution term in the transport equation of Reynolds stresses. The numerical results for the wakes of airfoils, cascades and turbomachinery rotor blades demonstrate that the second and third models provide accurate predictions, but computer time and storage can be considerably saved with the second model.
Configurational Biomimetic Imprinting for Protein Recognition: Structural Characteristics of Recognitive Hydrogels

Using a configurational biomimetic imprinting technique, we prepared a family of molecularly imprinting polyacrylamide polymers with recognition for the template protein chicken egg white lysozyme in aqueous solution. We showed the formation of a network with specific recognitive sites for the template. To determine the overall macroscopic properties of protein-imprinted gel, we utilized a variety of tools. When gels were examined using scanning electron microscopy, definite morphological differences were observed between the CBIP polymers and the controls. Additionally, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy determined that the presence of template had no effect upon the overall gel composition, whereas differential scanning calorimetry showed no significant change in the molecular weight between cross-links between CBIP polymers and nonimprinted polymers. Using these results, a theory of gel formation was proposed to try to elucidate gel formation in the presence of a macromolecule.
Extinction risk depends strongly on factors contributing to stochasticity

Extinction risk in natural populations depends on stochastic factors that affect individuals, and is estimated by incorporating such factors into stochastic models. Stochasticity can be divided into four categories, which include the probabilistic nature of birth and death at the level of individuals (demographic stochasticity), variation in population-level birth and death rates among times or locations (environmental stochasticity), the sex of individuals and variation in vital rates among individuals within a population (demographic heterogeneity). Mechanistic stochastic models that include all of these factors have not previously been developed to examine their combined effects on extinction risk. Here we derive a family of stochastic Ricker models using different combinations of all these stochastic factors, and show that extinction risk depends strongly on the combination of factors that contribute to stochasticity. Furthermore, we show that only with the full stochastic model can the relative importance of environmental and demographic variability, and therefore extinction risk, be correctly determined. Using the full model, we find that demographic sources of stochasticity are the prominent cause of variability in a laboratory population of Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle), whereas using only the standard simpler models would lead to the erroneous conclusion that environmental variability dominates. Our results demonstrate that current estimates of extinction risk for natural populations could be greatly underestimated because variability has been mistakenly attributed to the environment rather than the demographic factors described here that entail much higher extinction risk for the same variability level.
Scaling behavior of flux-pinning force in doped Y-Ba-Cu-O thin films

Abstract The flux-pinning force density F p = | J c × H | in thin films of Y-Ba-Cu-O has been studied as a function of magnetic field, temperature, and chemical doping. Two peaks in F p were found with field perpendicular to the film. The field dependence of F p around each peak is shown to follow a scaling law in terms of properly normalized variables which account for all the variations with temperature and chemical doping in the cases investigated. This scaling behavior thus greatly simplifies the usual complex description of flux pinning in high temperature superconductors.
Regulation of brain interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) system mRNAs in response to pathophysiological concentrations of IL-1 beta in the cerebrospinal fluid.

Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is released during pathophysiological processes. IL-1β induces neurological manifestations when administered into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at pathophysiological concentrations detected during central nervous system (CNS) infections and other neurological disorders. In the present study, we investigated the regulation of the IL-1β system in the CNS in response to the chronic intracerebroventricular (icv) microinfusion of IL-1β at estimated pathophysiological concentrations in the CSF. IL-1 receptor type I (IL-1RI), IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), and IL-1β mRNAs were determined by sensitive RNase protection assays in brain target regions for IL-1β (cerebellum, parieto-frontal cortex, hippocampus, and midbrain). The results show that chronic icv microinfusion of IL-1β induced significant anorexia, increased the cerebellar IL-1RI mRNA content, increased IL-1Ra and IL-1β mRNAs levels in the cerebellum > midbrain > cortex > hippocampus, and induced profiles of IL-1RI mRNA, IL-1Ra mRNA, and IL-1β mRNA that were highly intercorrelated. On the other hand, levels of rat glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA and 18S rRNA were fairly constant, and heat-inactivated IL-1β had no effect on food intake or on IL-1RI, IL-1Ra, and IL-1β mRNAs levels in any brain region. The data suggest the operation of an IL-1β feedback system (IL-1β/IL-1Ra/IL-1RI) in brain regions. Dysregulation of the CNS IL-1β feedback system may have pathophysiological significance. This may be reflected, for example, in the pathogenicity and severity of neurological diseases, such as CNS infections.
Protectionism in agriculture: Slow progress towards freer trade in agricultural products

Protectionism is widespread in agricultural trade. As a consequence, world markets are distorted and unstable. Earlier attempts to negotiate commodity agreements have failed to address the root problem: the domestic farm policies in industrial and middle-income countries. Constraints on these policies are now openly being discussed in the GATT Uruguay Round. Regional trade blocs are also coming to terms with the problems of agricultural trade. And a number of countries are unilaterally liberalizing agricultural trade as a part of their economic reform program. Despite this activity, high protection levels are still evident in the middle-income developed countries.
Photoreactions of 3,3',4',5-tetrachlorosalicylanilide with proteins.

The photoreactions of 3,3', 4', 5-tetrachlorosalicylanilide anion (TCSA - ) with two serum proteins were studied. TCSA - and anions of two similar compounds, N -ethyl-3,5-dichlorosalicylamide and salicylanilide, bind noncovalently to human serum albumin (HSA) without irradiation in aqueous pH 7.4 buffered solutions. TCSA - and HSA is formed and histidines in HSA are chemically modified. In addition to these two types of photoproducts which involve HSA, two of the four TCSA - photoproducts which form when HSA is absent are also formed when the TCSA - /HSA complex is irradiated. The results presented indicate that not all proteins in the skin are capable of being the carrier protein in photoallergy to TCSA - and that cross reactivity to other halogenated salicylanilides can be explained by further photochemical reactions of TCSA - and that cross reactivity to other halogenated salicylanilides can be explained by further photochemical reactions of TCSA - photoproducts.
Expertise in a computer operating system: conceptualization and performance

This article describes a three-part empirical approach to understanding the development of expertise within the UNIX1 operating system. We studied UNIX users with varying levels of expertise. The first part of our research attempted to ascertain the nature of their conceptualizations of the UNIX system. The second part measured users' performance in tasks requiring them to comprehend and produce UNIX commands. The third part was a longitudinal rather than cross-sectional analysis of the emergence of expertise. The conceptualization data suggest important differences in the models of UNIX structure formed by each group. Experts best represent the higher levels of the UNIX system; novices more fully represent the lower, more concrete levels of the system, including specific commands. UNIX users also differ markedly in performance, according to their history of use with the operating system. Only experts could successfully produce composite commands that required use of the distinctive features of UNIX (e.g., pipes and other redirection symbols), even though the intermediates and novices evidenced the component knowledge required for composite commands. This finding is somewhat surprising, inasmuch as these are fundamental design features of UNIX, and these features are taught in elementary classes. These data suggest, however, that these features can be used reliably only after extensive experience. The longitudinal data suggest that most subjects increased in expertise. However, expertise can decrease as a function of time, depending on system use. Those subjects who increased in expertise acquired the ability to produce the simple commands and represent the basic modules before they acquired knowledge of complex commands and advanced utilities. The nature of expertise is considered with respect to both system design and user characteristics, including users' conceptual models of system structure.
Terpenoid constituents of the pocket resin from coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens)

Abstract The principal volatile component in the pocket resin of Sequoia sempervirens is α-pinene, while the major resin acids appear to be levopimaric and palustric acids among the five resin acids identified. Abietic acid could not be detected.
Some Thoughts on the Benefits and Limitations of Using Film in Bisexual Education

This article considers the different kinds of challenges narrative film and documentary film present to educators.
Isolation and characterization of symbiotes from the Rocky Mountain wood tick, Dermacentor andersoni.

Abstract Wolbachia -like symbiotes in the Rocky Mountain wood tick, Dermacentor andersoni , were isolated repeatedly by injection of ovarial tissues into 5-day-old chick embryos. In Giemsa-stained smears of infected embryo tissues, the organisms appeared as blueish or pinkstained coccal bodies indistinguishable from those seen in the ovaries of ticks, where they are located in the luminal epithelium and funicle cells, as well as in oocytes. Electron microscopy revealed that these symbiotes are highly pleomorphic and vary in size from 0.6 to 3.4 μm in diameter. Their fine structure in tissue cells is differentiated into a granular, cortical region, which contains densely stained ribosomes, and a medullary region consisting of a diffuse reticulum partially or completely devoid of granular material or ribosomes. Multiplication is by binary fission. Each organism is delimited by a distinct plasmalemma; a cell wall as in bacterial and rickettsial agents was not observed in organisms from ovarial tissues. Symbiotes cultivated in chick embryos and then injected intracoelomically into adult D. andersoni , developed rapidly and produced massive infestations in hemocytes, hypodermal tissues, salivary glands, and in connective tissues surrounding midgut, Malpighian tubules, and ovary. In hypodermal tissue, organisms with a distinct bilayered cell envelope were occasionally detected. The massive invasion of tissues by injected symbiotes invariably proved fatal for ticks. Results of complement-fixation tests and of fluorescent antibody staining indicated that symbiotes in D. andersoni are closely related to Wolbachia persica , previously isolated from Argas arboreus .
Feasibility of fast pilot protection for multi-load distribution systems

The paper presents the construction and implementation of an accurate PSCAD model of the pilot protection system designed for use in the next generation FREEDM distribution system. This pilot system features a central microcontroller which uses an algorithm to process data that is communicated from current transformers connected to sampling devices. The indicated system is based on differential relay protection concepts. Using the proposed algorithm the system is capable of recognizing the existence of a fault much faster than traditional protection schemes. The model's control logic and behavior are matched to the hardware prototype. The completed model is integrated into the IEEE 34-bus test feeder and multiple simulation experiments are conducted to test the feasibility of the pilot system in a large scale, multi-load, radial distribution system with distributed energy generation.
Finite deformations and the dynamic measurement of radial strains in compression Kolsky bar experiments

A novel technique has been developed for the direct non-contact measurement of the radial deformations of a specimen during a compression Kolsky bar (split-Hopkinson pressure bar) experiment. Application of the new technique makes possible an analysis of the compression Kolsky bar experiment in terms of finite deformations, since the technique provides a complete experimental determination of the deformation gradient tensor during dynamic loading. Using the new technique, we have determined the relative validity of the incompressibility and Bell constraints for finite deformation dynamic plasticity. The experimental results show that the plastic incompressibility constraint is more appropriate for the dynamic compression of 6061-T6 aluminum. It is also shown that the traditional measure of axial strain rate derived from Kolsky bar experiments should be replaced by the axial rate of deformation that is valid for finite deformations. Finally, the technique has been used to investigate the dynamic compression of porous pure iron. It is shown that the new technique extends the capabilities of the compression Kolsky bar technique to include the investigation of plastically compressible materials.
T1ρ relaxation and its application to MR histology

The application of T1 rho an an alternative contrast parameter in high-field magnetic resonance histology (MRH) has been investigated. Spectroscopic measurements of T1 rho were performed on 5.75% agar and 1.0 mM MnCI2 phantoms at 9.4 T to validate the accuracy of the imaging measurements. Image studies were performed at 2.0 and 9.4 T on perfusion-fixed 17.5-day-old mouse embryos. T1, T2, and T1 rho relaxation times were calculated for the phantoms and muscle, diencephalon, and liver tissues. The 5.75% agar phantom and all tissues showed T1 rho dispersion with B1L, whereas the 1.0 mM MnCI2 phantom showed no significant B1L dependence. T1 rho dispersion with B(O) was observed arising from the effects of diffusion through susceptibility-induced gradients. T1 rho shows promise as a contrast parameter in high-field MRH because it is capable of producing T2-like contrast without the susceptibility artifacts associated with T2-weighted images.
Calcium condensation of DNA complexed with cell‐penetrating peptides offers efficient, noncytotoxic gene delivery

ABSTRACT Drug delivery strategies using cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have been widely explored to improve the intracellular delivery of a large number of cargo molecules. Electrostatic complexation of plasmid DNA using CPPs has been less explored due to the relatively large complexes formed and the low levels of gene expression achieved when using these low-molecular-weight polycations as DNA condensing agents. Here, condensing nascent CPP polyplexes using CaCl 2 produced small and stable nanoparticles leading to gene expression levels higher than observed for control polyethylenimine gene vectors. This simple formulation approach showed negligible cytotoxicity in A549 lung epithelial cells and maintained particle size and transfection efficiency even in the presence of serum.
Konrad Lorenz's ethological theory: Explanation and ideology, 1938–1943

In this paper I we shall look at the role of ideology in the writings of Konrad Lorenz, major pre-World War II theorist of ethology. This role will be examined by focusing on the place in Lorenz's theory where it had the most obvious effect: in his pronouncements on degeneration in human beings and in animals. What follows is by no means intended to be a complete history of Lorenz's achievements as chief prewar theoretician of ethology, although it does represent an extension of my own earlier essays2 and one by Robert J. Richards.3 Ideology played a triple role in Lorenz's speeches and writings during the years from 1938 to 1943. (1) He saw changes in the instinctive behavior patterns of domesticated animals as symptoms of decline. (2) He assumed a homology between domesticated animals and civilized human beings, that is, he assumed there must be similar causes for effects assumed to be similar, and he further believed that civilization was in a process of "decline and fall." Finally, (3) he connected the preceding concerns to racial policies and other features of the Nazi program. An examination of Lorenz's writings from before and after World War II shows that (1) and (2) have remained as features of his work, while (3) has disappeared, at least in its overt manifestations.4 This
Mirror fabrication for full-wafer laser technology

The fabrication of etched mirrors for AlGaAs semiconductor lasers is described. The coating techniques for the passivation and reflectivity modification of the etched mirror surfaces are presented. Measurements on coated lasers show excellent beam quality, and satisfactory uniformity of laser characteristics across a wafer. Lasers which operate in a single transverse mode at output powers up to about 50 mW and have catastrophic optical damage (COD) thresholds greater than 120 mW have also been demonstrated.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Ancestry-informative markers for African Americans based on the Affymetrix Pan-African genotyping array

Genetic admixture has been utilized as a tool for identifying loci associated with complex traits and diseases in recently admixed populations such as African Americans. In particular, admixture mapping is an efficient approach to identifying genetic basis for those complex diseases with substantial racial or ethnic disparities. Though current advances in admixture mapping algorithms may utilize the entire panel of SNPs, providing ancestry-informative markers (AIMs) that can differentiate parental populations and estimate ancestry proportions in an admixed population may particularly benefit admixture mapping in studies of limited samples, help identify unsuitable individuals (e.g., through genotyping the most informative ancestry markers) before starting large genome-wide association studies (GWAS), or guide larger scale targeted deep re-sequencing for determining specific disease-causing variants. Defining panels of AIMs based on commercial, high-throughput genotyping platforms will facilitate the utilization of these platforms for simultaneous admixture mapping of complex traits and diseases, in addition to conventional GWAS. Here, we describe AIMs detected based on the Shannon Information Content (SIC) or Fst for African Americans with genome-wide coverage that were selected from ∼2.3 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) covered by the Affymetrix Axiom Pan-African array, a newly developed genotyping platform optimized for individuals of African ancestry.
Employee Assistance Programs: A Workplace Resource to Address Intimate Partner Violence

Abstract Purpose: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major public health problem with significant impact on the workplace. Employee assistance programs (EAPs) are a confidential benefit to assist employees and their families with a variety of problems that may negatively affect their job performance. The purpose of this systematic review is to study the extant literature to identify articles that have explored the role of EAPs in addressing IPV. Methods: We searched Medline, PsychINFO, and Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) for English-language papers that have explored how EAPs can address IPV. Articles published through 2008 were included. Results: Our review yielded nine articles, mostly from EAP-centered journals. Nearly all of the studies were published before the year 2000 and primarily describe the need for EAPs to be more engaged in preventing violence against women. Most of the studies were commentaries, often using case reports to support recommendations on how E...
Dynamic visual understanding of the local environment for an indoor navigating robot

We present a method for an embodied agent with vision sensor to create a concise and useful model of the local indoor environment from its experience of moving within it. Our method generates and evaluates a set of qualitatively distinct hypotheses of the local environment and refines the parameters within each hypothesis quantitatively. Our method is a continual, incremental process that transforms current environmental-structure hypotheses into children hypotheses describing the same environment in more detail. Since our method only relies on simple geometric and probabilistic inferences, our method runs in real-time, and it avoids the need of extensive prior training and the Manhattan-world assumption, which makes it practical and efficient for a navigating robot. Experimental results on a collection of indoor videos suggests that our method is capable of modeling various structures of indoor environments.
Evaluation of U.S. sheep breeds for milk production and milk composition

Seven standard, Dorset (D), Finnsheep (F), Lincoln (L), Rambouillet (R), Romanov (Ro), Suffolk (S), Targhee (T), and three synthetic breeds of sheep, Synthetic I (F×L), Synthetic II (D×R), and Synthetic III (F×L) × (D×R), were evaluated for milk yield (MILK, 1), average daily milk yield (ADY, ml) and contents of fat, protein, lactose and total solids in a five year lactation trial. Highly significant differences were observed (P<0.01) among breeds for all traits (30 d postpartum after weaning) except percentages of fat and lactose. Average total milk yield was 65.51 in 122 d, and average daily milk was 533 ml. Suffolk were superior for MILK (83 liters) and ADY (680 ml), followed by Synthetic II. Lowest MILK and ADY values were recorded for Romanov (35 liters and 299 ml, respectively). Synthetic I ranked second lowest. Overall average fat content of milk was 6.0%, Suffolk produced the highest average (6.6%), followed by Dorset (6.5%). Lowest fat percentage was in Synthetic I (5.6%) milk. Overall average protein content was 5.8%; milk of Dorset, Romanov and Synthetic II was similar (6.1%) and ranked highest. Overall average lactose and total solids contents were 4.8% and 17.4%, respectively. Rambouillet ranked first for lactose (4.9%). Finnsheep had lowest percentages of milk protein and lactose (5.4% and 4.7%, respectively), and ranked second lowest for total solids (16.8%). Dorset excelled for total solids (18.2%). Targhee, Lincoln and Synthetic III were intermediate in all traits. It was concluded that variation exists among and within U.S. sheep breeds for milk production traits. Overall performance for milk production was lower than “dairy” sheep breeds of Europe and Middle East. Introduction of superior non-U.S. germ plasm could result in faster genetic improvement than selection within existing U.S. breeds over many generations.
x Dependence of the Proton Structure Functions from Inelastic Antineutrino-Proton Scattering

From an analysis of 2275 $\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}+{X}^{0}$ events at an average ${Q}^{2}$ of 4.5 Ge${\mathrm{V}}^{2}$, there are presented the first measurements, up to one undetermined overall normalization constant, of the $x$ dependence of the proton structure functions using antineutrinos, and of the $u$ and $\overline{d}+\overline{s}$ quark distributions. The result for $u(x)$ is in good agreement with models based on fits to electron and muon scattering data. With $u(x)$ normalized to those models the absolute antiquark momentum distribution $x[\overline{d}x+\overline{s}(x)]$ in the proton is determined.
Dusty plasma around Enceladus affects Saturn's magnetosphere

Scientists have been puzzled by periodic bursts of radiation, known as the Saturn kilometric radiation (SKR), that occur in the planet's magnetosphere. These emissions occur at a rate that is close to, but not quite the same as, the rate at which the planet rotates. New observations from the Cassini Spacecraft's flybys of Saturn's moon Enceladus in 2008 are revealing new details about the plasma environment around Enceladus and how it may affect Saturn's magnetosphere. These observations could also shed some light on the SKR rotation rate.
Analytical Hartree-Fock Self-Consistent-Field Wave Functions for some 1 s 1 2 s 1 2 p 6 Configurations

Analytical Hartree-Fock self-consistent-field solutions have been obtained by matrix methods for the ten-electron systems ${\mathrm{F}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, Ne, and ${\mathrm{Na}}^{+}$. In addition, solutions have been obtained for the ${\mathrm{F}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and ${\mathrm{Na}}^{+}$ ions in the presence of a superposed potential sphere. Tables of the two goodness functions, $f(r)=FR\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\epsilon}R$ and $g(r)=\frac{\mathrm{FR}}{\ensuremath{\epsilon}R}$, and expectation values of ${r}_{i}$ and ${{r}_{i}}^{2}$ are given. The diamagnetic susceptibility has been calculated for all the systems reported.
Teaching group counselors: Recommendations for maximizing preservice instruction

Abstract The authors examine instructional strategies for the preparation of group counselors including the Association for Specialists in Group Work (ASGW, 1992) Professional Standards for the Training of Group Workers. Suggestions are made for maximizing instruction at the university level.
Dynamically Differenced Rectangles For Reversible Image Data Compression

The goal of this work is to develop better reversible data compression techniques for image data. A variety of known standard techniques (Run length, Huffman, Arithmetic, Contour tracing and Rectangles) are compared with two new hybrid techniques (Dynamically differenced contours and Dynamically differenced rectangles). The comparison includes the degree of data compression and the encode/decode times for 256 by 256 eight-bit per pixel grayscale images. Results indicate that the 'Dynamically differenced rectangles' technique generally gives the greatest degree of data compression, and also has favorable encode/decode times.
Wideband Transform‐Domain GPS Instrumentation Receiver for Signal Quality and Anomalous Event Monitoring

: A transform-domain, instrumentation-quality GPS receiver is presented for high-fidelity signal quality monitoring, satellite anomalous event monitoring, and basic GPS research. Receiver design details are provided that enable unique applications such as real time transform-domain processing, 55 points per C/A code chip Signal Quality Monitoring (SQM) capability, 10-correlator P(Y) code SQM, 50-Hz trajectory reconstruction at the millimeter-per-update level, 10-Hz L2 trajectory reconstruction at the centimeter-per-update level (semi-codeless), and GPS/INS deep-integration code and carrier tracking for interference robustness and indoor navigation.
Location‐based recommendation services in library book stacks

Purpose – This paper seeks to suggest a model for location‐based recommendation services that enable greater access to print and electronic resources.Design/methodology/approach – The paper takes the form of a synthesis of previous work in basic and applied collections‐based wayfinding incorporating library and information science (LIS) literature on user context and system recommendations.Findings – The paper identifies problems that will need to be solved before implementation of the production‐level recommendation service and suggests possible implications the system may have on reference and instruction services.Originality/value – The paper provides computing workflows necessary to implement a library recommendation service based on user location. iPhone Software Developer Kit templates are leveraged for modeling data and interface prototypes. Use cases and user models are developed.
Air Force test chart-like phantom for measuring axial and lateral resolution in optical coherence tomography

Resolution is an important figure of merit for imaging systems. We designed, fabricated and tested an optical phantom consisting of a block of SU-8 with bars etched into its surface. This phantom mimics the simplicity of the 1951 Air Force test chart but can characterize both the axial and lateral resolution of optical coherence tomography systems. The phantom was successfully used to find the axial and lateral resolutions of multiple OCT systems.
LACIE - an application of meteorology for United States and foreign wheat assessment.

This paper describes the overall Large Area Crop Inventory Experiment technical approach utilizing the global weather-reporting network and the Landsat satellite to make a quasi-operational application of existing research results, and the accomplishments of this cooperative experiment in utilizing the weather information. Global weather data were utilized in preparing timely yield estimates for selected areas of the U.S. Great Plains, the U.S.S.R. and Canada. Additionally, wheat yield models were developed and pilot tested for Brazil, Australia, India and Argentina. The results of the work show that heading dates for wheat in North America can be predicted with an average absolute error of about 5 days for winter wheat and 4 days for spring wheat. Independent tests of wheat yield models over a 10-year period for the U.S. Great Plains produced a root-mean-square error of 1.12 quintals per hectare (q/ha) while similar tests in the U.S.S.R. produced an error of 1.31 q/ha. Research designed to improve the initial capability is described as is the rationale for further evolution of a capability to monitor global climate and assess its impact on world food supplies.