cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bromine atom diffusion on stepped and kinked copper surfaces

Abstract The rates of Br atom diffusion on several single crystalline Cu surfaces have been studied because of the potential impact of Br diffusion on the selectivity of alkyl bromide surface chemistry on Cu. Density functional theory (DFT) has been used to study the diffusion of isolated bromine atoms on a flat Cu surface, Cu(1 1 1), two Cu surfaces with straight steps, Cu(2 2 1) and Cu(5 3 3), and two kinked Cu surfaces, Cu(6 4 3) and Cu(5 3 1). Bromine diffusion is rapid on the flat Cu(1 1 1) surface with a barrier of Δ E diff = 0.06 eV and a hopping frequency of ν = 4.8 × 10 10 s −1 at 150 K. On the stepped and kinked surfaces the effective diffusion barriers lie in the range Δ E diff = 0.18–0.31 eV. Thus the rates of diffusion are many orders of magnitude slower on stepped and kinked Cu surfaces than on the Cu(1 1 1) surface. Nonetheless, at temperatures relevant for alkyl bromide debromination on Cu surfaces, bromine atoms remain sufficiently mobile that they can explore all available binding sites on the timescale of the debromination reaction.
Adolescent-parent disagreements and life satisfaction in families from Vietnamese- and European-American backgrounds:

The authors investigated the relationship between adolescent-parent differences in the endorsement of family obligations and adolescent life satisfaction, in families from two differing cultural backgrounds. Surveys were completed by 238 adolescents and their parents, including 135 European-American families and 103 Vietnamese-American families. We examined the relationship between discrepancies and life satisfaction and the moderating effect of cultural background on this relationship. Results showed that adolescent-parent discrepancies were a strong negative predictor of life satisfaction, across two groups that differ both culturally and demographically. The effect was not moderated by cultural background.
Iron requirement for isolated rat liver mitochondrial protein synthesis

Abstract Isolated rat liver mitochondrial protein synthesis was severly inhibited by α,α-dipyridyl (a ferrous iron-chelating agent), chloramphenicol and hemin (10 −7 M or greater). In contrast, γ,γ-dipyridyl (a non-iron-chelating analogue of α,α-dipyridyl), cycloheximide and lower concentrations of hemin were non-inhibitory. The inhibitory action of α,α-dipyridyl was reversed by addition of Fe(NH 4 ) 2 (SO 4 ) 2 while ZnCl 2 , CuCl 2 and CoCl 2 were ineffective. Hemin, however, did not protect against the α,α-dipyridyl inhibition of mitochondrial protein synthesis. These results indicate that ferrous iron is required for mitochondrial protein synthesis and suggests that it is through a mechanism independent of hemin concentration.
Computer and Internet Use in Physically Frail Elders

A study was designed to investigate the feasibility of computer-based communication to monitor self-care needs of older persons with disabilities. As a preliminary measure, tracking software was used to observe patterns of computer and Internet use. This case study report of 5 physically frail elders found that study participants primarily used e-mail, accessed health related Internet sites, and played computer games. These individuals reported that having access to this technology allowed them to feel less isolated from their family, better informed about health issues, and more socially connected. The findings also suggest patterns of use that could assist in implementing computer based communication programs for older persons with disabilities.
Vasodepressor Syncope Factors Influencing Cardiac Output

Vasodepressor syncope is characterized hemodynamically by a sudden fall in total peripheral resistance with little associated change in cardiac output. The failure of the cardiac output to compensate for the fall in peripheral resistance is a striking feature of the fainting reaction. Possible explanations for this phenomenon are the presence of neurogenic myocardial inhibition or markedly limited volume of blood available to the heart. The effects of atropine injections, inflation of antigravity suit, negative pressure breathing, and albumin infusions on the syncopal reaction were studied. Results favor the causative role of limited venous inflow in the cardiac output response.
Autopsies and Death Certificates in the Chronic Care Setting

All autopsies (n = 34) performed over a period from July 1, 1981 to June 30, 1988 in a teaching nursing home were reviewed to determine the autopsy rate, to evaluate premortem versus postmortem diagnostic discrepancies, and to see if educational efforts could improve each. The autopsy rate was 3.5%. Major discrepancies appeared in 47.1% of cases. Pneumonia was the most frequent and most frequently missed diagnosis. Only 23 of 34 death certificates reflected the cause of death as documented in the chart, and only 12 had concordant diagnoses with those from autopsy. After a collective educational effort, the autopsy rate increased from a rate (average of initial six years) of 2.4% to 10.8% in the last year. The autopsy rate is low, but can be improved with educational efforts. Death certificates, in this population, may be misleading when used for general statistical purposes.
A behavioral approach in enhancing disadvantaged children's academic abilities

Economically disadvantaged toddlers, aged 12-24 months, manifesting social and behavioral difficulties, were identtfied at a health care facility in Rochester, New York. Such children were randomly assigned to two groups, the first of which participated in an intervention program from September to December, the second group from January to April. Parents were exposed to the program through instructions and modeling during the home sessions and also had parent discussion meetings, to discuss child-rearing problems and techniques and to increase their feelings of competence and mastery. Target children registered significant academic gains following program participation, whereas without the program, skills remained constant. Children in the first semester program were found to have maintained their gains at a follow-up, i.e., 3 months after the program had ended. Parent involvement and participation was considered
Abstract LB-293: Indirubins decrease glioma growth and invasionin vivo:A novel treatment paradigm combining antimigratory and antiangiogenic effects

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC The invasive nature of gliomas is a major obstacle to their effective treatment. We demonstrated in a recent report that lithium blocks glioma cell migration and that this involved the inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3). Here we report that treatment of glioma cells with GSK-3 inhibitors of the indirubin family leads to a potent and specific blockade of glioma cell migration. Indirubins inhibited GSK-3 to a greater extent than lithium in glioma cells as assessed by s-catenin TCF/LEF luciferase reporter assays and were effective at much lower concentrations than other GSK-3 inhibitors so far tested. When examined in intracranial xenograft models in nude mice, 6-bromo-indirubin acetoxime (BIA) led to a significant reduction of invasion of normal, both in terms of diffuse invasion around the tumor, and the number of tumor foci. Interestingly treatment with BIA also led to decreased tumor proliferation and significantly improved survival of tumor-bearing animals. Histological examination of tumors showed a substantial decrease in blood vessel density in tumors. Finally we showed that indirubins block motility of endothelial cells in vitro, and also cause increased production of anti-angiogenic proteins in BIA treated glioma cells. This data suggests that anti-invasive glioma therapy with indirubins, and potentially other GSK-3 inhibitors, not only inhibits invasion of tumor cells, but also blocks angiogenesis providing a novel treatment paradigm for invasive gliomas. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-293.
Ion spectroscopy: where did it come from; where is it now; and where is it going?

The ASMS conference on ion spectroscopy brought together at Asilomar on October 16–20, 2009 a large group of mass spectrometrists working in the area of ion spectroscopy. In this introduction to the field, we provide a brief history, its current state, and where it is going. Ion spectroscopy of intermediate size molecules began with photoelectron spectroscopy in the 1960s, while electronic spectroscopy of ions using the photodissociation “action spectroscopic” mode became active in the next decade. These approaches remained for many years the main source of information about ionization energies, electronic states, and electronic transitions of ions. In recent years, high-resolution laser techniques coupled with pulsed field ionization and sample cooling in molecular beams have provided high precision ionization energies and vibrational frequencies of small to intermediate sized molecules, including a number of radicals. More recently, optical parametric oscillator (OPO) IR lasers and free electron lasers have been developed and employed to record the IR spectra of molecular ions in either molecular beams or ion traps. These results, in combination with theoretical ab initio molecular orbital (MO) methods, are providing unprecedented structural and energetic information about gas-phase ions.
Organopalladium approaches to prostaglandins. 10. An efficient synthesis of prostaglandin E2 via vinylpalladation of 4-cyclopentene-1,3-diol

Abstract Prostaglandin E 2 is synthesized by an efficient two step sequence involving (1) preparation of ketol 4 via vinylpalladation of 4-cyclopentene-1,3-diol using either vinylmercurial 1 or vinylic iodide 5 , and (2) subsequent regio- and stereoselective alkylation via sequential dianion generation, tin enolate formation, and organic halide addition.
Estronase activity of human and rodent tissues.

THE conversion of estrone, by minced uterus and to a lesser degree by heart, lung, spleen and kidney, to a product possessing increased biologic activity was originally reported by Heller (1940). It was later observed in this laboratory (Bischoff, Katherman and Yee, 1951) that mammalian red cells also possessed the property of converting estrone to a more powerful estrogenic substance and the enzymatic nature of the reaction was established (Bischoff, Katherman, Favati and Gray, 1952). The work of Heller was performed with rat and rabbit tissues. The present study includes the determination of “estronase”2 in human tissues, investigates the activity in rodent tissues not previously studied, and places the tissues already studied upon a quantitative rather than a qualitative basis.3 plan The species studied were man, mouse, rat and rabbit. The estronase activity was measured by the procedure previously described for red cells (Bischoff et al, 1952), which differs from Heller’s in that 100 to 200 μg.
Effect of duration of larval development on sexual competence in young adult male Diploptera punctata

. The duration of larval development was 27% longer, adult weight was 10% greater, and adult head capsule was 2% wider in Diploptera punctata (Eschscholtz) males with four larval stadia compared with those with three larval stadia. Four-instar males transferred significantly more sperm than three-instar males 8, 14 and 28 days after adult eclosion, but there was no difference in the length of sperma-tophore transferred by three- and four-instar males at these ages. Eight-day-old four-instar males were more successful than 8-day-old three-instar males in fertilizing complete batches of eggs. For both three- and four-instar males, males that mated when they were older (measured in days after adult eclosion) transferred more sperm and larger spermatophores than younger males. Body size did not have a significant effect on the number of sperm or size of spermatophore transferred by males.
Effect of an enzyme preparation on wheat flour and dough color, mixing, and test baking.

Abstract Bleaching flours with natural rather than chemical extracts is attractive because it reduces risks upon exposure and appeals to natural food consumers. This paper reports effects of a commercial proprietary blend of ‘natural’ bleaching enzymes on wheat flour and dough color, mixing behavior and test bake performance. Enzyme preparation did not improve whiteness (L*) and yellowness (b*) of flour system, but benzoyl peroxide sharply reduced b*. For whole wheat flour dough, L* increased for enzyme-treated dough after 2-h resting, ending higher than benzoyl peroxide and control dough. Yellowness increased in enzyme-treated dough. When enzyme application was during milling, resulting whole wheat flour dough had much higher L*. Mixograms of flours with increasing enzyme concentration showed severe dough weakness and rapid breakdown. Dialysis of the enzyme preparation in 3500 molecular weight cutoff (MWCO) tubes and freeze-drying prior to flour application recovered dough strength. l -cysteine in the enzyme mix was thought to adversely affect dough strength, and dialysis helped recover dough strength. However, pup loaf baking with dialyzed enzyme showed some loss of baking characteristics (loaf volume, loaf weight, and proof height) over the control. Although the natural enzyme extract addition enhanced whiteness for whole wheat dough, its effects on dough and baking properties were not favorable.
Mural tumors with cysts in the cerebral hemispheres of children

Thirteen infants and children with mural tumors (i.e., cysts with mural nodules) in the cerebral hemisphere are presented. The tumors comprise five benign astrocytomas, three ependymomas, two choroid plexus papillomas, one oncocytoma, one hamartoma, and one primitive neuroectodermal tumor. Computed tomography showed well-enhanced mural nodules. Cyst walls did not enhance in any but one, in which the enhancement was attributed to hemorrhage in the cyst. None of the cyst walls contained neoplastic cells. Cerebral angiography was performed in all patients, and five showed extensive vascularity in the tumor nodule. The importance of preoperative angiography is emphasized. Total extirpation of the mural nodule without excision of the cyst wall led to excellent prognosis for these patients.
The FREEDOM trial: in appropriate patients with diabetes and multivessel coronary artery disease, CABG beats PCI

The Future Revascularization Evaluation in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus: Optimal Management of Multivessel Disease (FREEDOM) trial (N Engl J Med 2012; 367:2375-2384) was designed to resolve the long-standing debate over the optimal revascularization strategy in patients with diabetes mellitus and multivessel coronary artery disease. At a median follow-up of 3.8 years, the incidence of the primary outcome (a composite of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke) was significantly lower with bypass surgery than with percutaneous intervention.
Computation and the Periodic Table

In physics, Feynman diagrams are used to reason about quantum processes. Similar diagrams can also be used to reason about logic, where they represent proofs, and computation, where they represent programs. With the rise of topological quantum field theory and quantum computation, it became clear that diagrammatic reasoning takes advantage of an extensive network of interlocking analogies between physics, topology, logic and computation. These analogies can be made precise using the formalism of symmetric monoidal closed categories. But symmetric monoidal categories are just the n=1, k=3 entry of a hypothesized "periodic table" of k-tuply monoidal n-categories. This raises the question of how these analogies extend. An important clue comes from the way symmetric monoidal closed 2-categories describe rewrite rules in the lambda calculus and multiplicative intuitionistic linear logic. This talk is based on work in progress with Paul-Andre Mellies and Mike Stay.
A Checklist to the Common Cyprinid and Centrarchid Fishes of the Bull and Upatoi Creeks Watershed of Georgia with a Brief Glimpse of Correlative Urban Influences and Land use

Abstract We sampled fishes from eight creeks within the Bull and Upatoi creeks watershed in the summer months of June 2001 and August 2002 to provide a checklist of common fishes. This sample and its data support a more comprehensive study by the authors documenting an urbanization gradient among creeks and their associated differences in fish assemblage structure within this aquatic system. However, here we provide a simple, but useful, checklist of common Cyprinid and Centrarchid fishes to enhance future species-monitoring efforts within this watershed. We collected a total 2407 individuals representing 34 species from Lindsey, Cooper, Flatrock, Bull, Dozier, Randall, Kendall, and Baker Creeks by seining. Lepomis macrochirus (Bluegill), Cyprinella venusta (Blacktail Shiner), and Notropis buccatus (Silverjaw Minnow) were the most abundant species within the Bull and Upatoi creeks watershed. Conversely, Pimephales promelas (Fathead Minnow) and Pimephales vigilax (Bullhead Minnow) were the rarest. We calcu...
The Nuclear Revolution: International politics Before and after Hiroshima

How have nuclear weapons affected the way countries deal with one another? The Nuclear Revolution answers this question by comparing the nuclear age with previous periods of international history, from the fifth century B.C. to the twentieth century. The Nuclear Revolution offers insightful and provocative perspectives on the Soviet-American nuclear arms race, comparing it with the Anglo-German naval rivalry before World War I and with modern tariff competitions. The work also compares the advent of nuclear weapons with the two other modern revolutions in warfare: Napoleon's military innovations and the industrial warfare of World War I. It assesses the impact of nuclear armaments on the balance of power, alliances, and the behaviour of national leaders. Also included is an analysis of the differences between nuclear weapons and chemical and biological weapons of mass destruction. The concuding chapter, bringing together ideas from history, religion, and psychology, explores the effects that the threat of nuclear annihilation has on everyday life.
Elevated genetic diversity of mitochondrial genes in asexual populations of Bark Lice (‘Psocoptera’: Echmepteryx hageni)

Asexual reproduction is commonly thought to be associated with low genetic diversity in animals. Echmepteryx hageni (Insecta: ‘Psocoptera’) is one of several psocopteran species that are primarily parthenogenetic, but also exists in small, isolated sexual populations. We used mitochondrial DNA sequences to investigate the population history and genealogical relationships between the sexual and asexual forms of this species. The asexual population of E. hageni exhibits extremely high mitochondrial haplotype diversity (H = 0.98), whereas the sexual forms had significantly lower haplotypic diversity (H = 0.25, after correcting for sample size). This diversity in asexuals represents one the greatest genetic diversities reported for asexual animals in the literature. Nucleotide diversities were also higher in asexual compared to sexual populations (π = 0.0071 vs. 0.00027). Compared to other reported estimates of π in insects, asexual nucleotide diversity is high, but not remarkably elevated. Three hypotheses might explain the elevated genetic diversity of asexual populations: (i) larger effective population size, (ii) greater mutation rate or (iii) possible recent origin of sexuals. In addition, phylogeographic analysis revealed little geographic structure among asexual E. hageni, although specimens from the upper Midwest form a single clade and are genetically differentiated. The mismatch distribution and neutrality tests indicate a historical population size increase, possibly associated with expansion from glacial refugia.
Energy and indoor comfort analysis of various window-shading assemblies INA hot and humid climate

Commercial buildings consume nearly 20% of all energy used in the United States, costing more than $200 billion each year. The building envelope plays a key role in determining how much energy is required for the operation of a building. Individual thermal and solar properties of glazing and shading systems only provide information based on static evaluations, but it is very important to assess the efficiency of these systems as a whole assembly under the site specific conditions. With an ever increasing cooling energy demand of buildings in hot and humid climates like in Florida, using a well-designed window-shading system is considered as an efficient strategy that minimizes the direct sunlight reaching indoors and thus reduces the overall energy loads. While reduction in energy loads is important, the indoor comfort of occupants should not be compromised. This research was conducted to analyze the indoor thermal and visual performance of various window-shading assemblies that were selected after their energy performance evaluation.
Obsidian hydration profile measurements using a nuclear reaction technique

Ambient water diffuses into the exposed surfaces of obsidian, forming a hydration layer which increases in thickness with time to a maximum depth of 20-40 μm (ref. 1), this layer being the basic foundation of obsidian dating. We have used the resonance at a ^(19)F energy of 16.45 MeV (0.83 MeV centre-of-mass energy) (ref. 4) in the nuclear reaction ^1H(^(19)F,ɑy)^(16)O to measure directly the hydration profiles of obsidian samples. This technique has already been used to measure the hydrogen concentration profiles in lunar samples and other solids to depths up to 0.4 μm with a resolution of 0.02 μm (refs 5 and 6). A second strong resonance at 17.64 MeV is encountered in extending these measurements to greater depths but its contribution can be unfolded from the data.
Looking Back: The Commission on Safety and Abuse in America's Prisons

In early 2005, the Vera Institute of Justice launched the Commission on Safety and Abuse in America's Prisons (CSAAP). In June 2006, the Commission released its report about the safety and health conditions in U.S. prisons and jails, Confronting Confinement , at a Senate Judiciary subcommittee hearing. This article summarizes how CSAAP recommendations have affected national policy. The Confronting Confinement report and the conversations that arose during the hearings held prior to it continue to fuel debate, provide support for needed change, and encourage efforts to ensure the health and safety of prisoners and staff alike. Keeping prison conditions at the forefront of concern remains a challenge, especially given the urgent need to reduce the size of the incarcerated population.
A Combined Experimental and Numerical Study of the Turbine Blade Tip Film Cooling Effectiveness Under Rotation Condition

Detailed numerical and experimental investigations of film cooling effectiveness were conducted on the blade tips of the first rotor row pertaining to a three-stage research turbine. Four different blade tip ejection configurations were utilized to determine the impact of the hole arrangements on the film cooling effectiveness. plane tip with tip hole cooling, squealer tip with tip hole cooling, plane tip with pressure-side-edge compound angle hole cooling and squealer tip with pressure-side-edge compound angle hole cooling. To avoid rotor imbalance, every pair is installed radially. Film cooling effectiveness measurements were performed for three blowing ratios (M) of 0.75, 1.25 and 1.75. Film cooling data was also obtained for three rotational speeds; 3000 rpm (reference condition), 2550 rpm and 2000 rpm. Film cooling measurements were performed using pressure sensitive paint (PSP) technique. In a parallel effort, extensive numerical investigations of the above configurations were performed to give a better view of flow behavior using a commercially available code. The experimental investigations were performed in the three-stage multi-purpose turbine research facility at the Turbomachinery Performance and Flow Research Laboratory (TPFL), Texas A&M University.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Living Wage Campaigns From a "Social Movement" Perspective: The Miami Case:

This article uses the Miami living wage campaign to examine the potential and limitations of living wage campaigns to build enduring social movements which unite organized labor with community partners. Using the tripartite framework derived from the social movement litera ture of "political opportunities," "mobilizing structures," and "framing processes," the article analyzes this particular campaign to determine if a genuine social movement emerged. Hecksher and Palmer's thesis that organized labor as presently constituted is incapable of forming egalitar ian multilateral alliances with non-labor partners is tested, and sugges tions for "best practice" are developed.
Health systems and maternal and child survival in Central Asian Republics.

The aim was to describe the status of health care systems in five Central Asian Republics: Kyrgyzstan Kazakhstan Uzbekistan Turkmenistan and Tajikistan with particular attention to womens and childrens health. Changing mortality profiles were investigated using the "protracted-polarized" model of epidemiologic transition. Empirical evidence was drawn from the WHO database for the region along with additional evidence presented at a maternal-child health conference held in Bishkek Kyrgyzstan on November 11-14 1998. The conference was sponsored by the Albert Schweitzer Institute and the Soros Foundation. This evidence is evaluated for completeness validity and reliability. Trends are identified using the 1998 and 1999 World Health Reports and 1999/2000 World Bank Development Report. Incomplete data prohibited comprehensive analysis. Available data indicated high but variable rates of maternal and child mortality and overall declines in health status and the health care infrastructure in the 1990s. Data collection and analysis from this part of the world are often incomplete and unreliable. Future research should focus on improving maternal and child health indicators by enhancing resource sharing and opportunities for international collaboration. (authors)
On-line motor winding early diagnostic based on dynamic leakage current monitoring

This paper presents a new on-line method for motor winding deterioration diagnostic based on the increase in the high frequency leakage current. A differential current sensor is used for the measurement of the leakage current. Traditionally, differential current sensors are used as a protection device, however, in this work their use is extended for health monitoring. In order to validate the proposed approach, motor windings are aged using the accelerated thermal method. The reduction of the leakage impedance in the aged winding is compared with online measurements for verification purposes. 1 2
The 6-minute walk test in scleroderma—how measuring everything measures nothing

The 6-min walk test (6MWT) is a standardized measure of submaximal exercise capacity that has served as the primary measure of outcome in studies of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Never fully validated in scleroderma, a variety of data suggest that many non-pulmonary aspects of scleroderma contribute to its results thereby blunting the ability of the 6MWT to measure change in lung function. Although reproducible, the lack of correlation with measures of parenchymal lung disease demonstrates an insurmountable lack of both construct and content validity. The 6MWT should be abandoned as an outcome measure in lung disease complicating scleroderma.
Stability, Change and Individual Differences in Involvement with Friends and Romantic Partners Among Adolescent Females

The initiation of romantic relationships is a normative developmental task among female adolescents. Friendships with other females may change as part of this task. Using structured interviews, this study collected data from 102 white females (ages 17 to 19) about their history of close peer relationships during high school. Trajectories of involvement (time spent) with close peers were examined using individual growth modeling. Females who increased time with romantic partners more rapidly also decreased time with friends more rapidly. Although most spent more time with partners than with friends at some time, the timing of this change and patterns of involvement with close peers varied. One-fourth of females spent more time with partners than with friends early in high school, but spent less time with friends than others did. Another one-half spent more time with partners than with friends later in high school, gradually increasing time with partners and reducing time with friends. Other females never spent more time with partners than with friends, and maintained high involvement with friends and little involvement with partners.
The geology of the McCoy Mountains Formation, southeastern California and southwestern Arizona

The McCoy Mountains Formation is a 7.3-km-thick metasedimentary sequence exposed in at least 6 mountain ranges in southeastern California and southwestern Arizona. The siliciclastic McCoy Mountains Formation is deposited on, and interbedded at its base with, a Jurassic volcanic terrane and is intruded by undeformed Upper Cretaceous(?) plutons. It has been assigned a Cretaceous-Paleocene age on the basis of fossil angiosperm wood found within the upper third of the sequence. Presently known exposures of McCoy Mountains Formation define a west-northwest-trending basin 140 km long by 25 km wide which was filled from the north by predominantly alluvial processes. The McCoy Mountains Formation is divided into six members, each containing distinctive stratigraphy and sedimentary petrology. Sandstone consists of quartz, feldspar, and lithics, and each member has a different composition. The source evolved from volcanic-sedimentary to plutonic-sedimentary composition with time. Much thinner, laterally equivalent clastic sequences are now known on the craton adjacent to the basin's northern margin. The McCoy Mountains Formation is homoclinal and south-dipping, and its uppermost strata are deformed into a north-verging, overturned syncline with sympathetic south-dipping cleavage. Northern exposures of McCoy Mountains Formation and underlying Jurassic volcanic terrane contain a north-dipping cleavage and south-verging, overturned folds. Sympathetic to the cleavages and folding are north- and south-bounding faults which limit McCoy Mountains Formation exposures and place the North American craton (north side) and the Mojave-Sonora Complex or Tujunga terrane (south side) onto McCoy Basin rocks. Structural analysis and paleomagnetic data strongly suggest that the thrusting over and folding of the McCoy Basin rocks took place in Late Jurassic time as a single event. The fault along the southwestern margin of the McCoy Basin is thus apparently a Jurassic terrane boundary and may be a northern extension of the Jurassic Mojave-Sonora megashear. If true, proposed early Tertiary accretion of the Tujunga terrane must have occurred farther to the southwest.
A Practical Approach for Providing QoS in Multichannel Ad-Hoc Networks Using Spectrum Width Adaptation

Multichannel wireless networks provide the flexibility to utilize the available spectrum efficiently for achieving improved system performance in terms of throughput and spectral efficiency. However, there has been no practical means for provisioning quality of service (QoS) in multichannel wireless networks. While previous proposals providing signaling and adaptation mechanisms for QoS, they support only fixed-width channels, restricting system performance in networks supporting variable-width channels. In this paper, we propose a distributed mechanism for provisioning QoS by adapting the channel widths in a multichannel, ad-hoc network. Our algorithm builds upon the well-known ETT routing metric to incorporate bandwidth adaptability. We also propose mechanisms for performing admission control and congestion control jointly in a multihop setting. We demonstrate the performance of our algorithm using a modified AODV routing protocol through extensive simulations. Our simulations results show that our proposed approach can achieve up to twice the spectral efficiency and data rates when compared to the greedy approach. Furthermore, our results show that our proposed approach scales well as the network density increases.
Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndromes in Older Patients

The median age of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is 65 to 70 years. The majority of older patients with AML probably do not receive specific treatment, and those who receive standard regimens have a median survival time of less than 1 year. This suggests that, in general, older patients should receive investigational therapy; however, factors other than age influence survival after administration of standard treatment and need to be accounted for when making treatment recommendations. In some cases where investigational therapy is unavailable, palliative care may be the best option. Like AML, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a disease of the elderly. It is divided into higher and lower risk groups. The natural history of high-risk MDS (eg, > 10% marrow blasts) bears more resemblance to that of AML than to that of an indolent disorder; accordingly, similar therapeutic considerations apply. The more benign natural history of lower risk MDS leads to consideration of reduction in transfusion needs and improvement in quality of life as primary goals of therapy. Lenalidomide, azacitidine, and decitabine, each recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, are useful in achieving these objectives.
Relationship between vocal cord paralysis and benign thyroid disease

Background. Vocal cord paralysis is generally associated with advanced thyroid malignancy. It may also be present in the setting of benign thyroid disease. This association may be incidental as well as causal. Methods. Retrospective review of cases with concurrent diagnosis of vocal cord paralysis and benign thyroid disease. Results. Eight cases found, all with documented vocal cord paralysis, by laryngoscopy. Four patients had nodular thyroid disease, but in two it was contralateral to the recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis. The remaining patients had goiters of various sizes. Six patients were euthyroid, two on thyroid hormone replacement. Two patients were thyrotoxic: one had Graves' disease and the other had subacute thyroiditis. Conclusions. Vocal cord paralysis can be the result of benign thyroid disease by such mechanisms as compression, stretching, or inflammation. Malignant thyroid disease should always be ruled out in structural thyroid abnormalities. Vocal cord paralysis can also be an incidental finding unrelated to thyroid abnormality. © 1995 Jons Wiley & Sons, Inc.
An exploratory study of financial literacy training for accounting and business majors

Consumer financial literacy remains a subject of intensive discussion within academic, business, and governmental policymaking communities. This study considers learning outcomes associated with teaching basic financial literacy concepts to undergraduate accounting and business students enrolled in the principles of accounting sequence. The study was conducted at a small mid-western university utilizing a full-time, Master of Business Administration student to develop and deliver financial literacy training workshops to students enrolled in the target courses. This single source for training materials and pedagogical delivery removed any potentially confounding effects that would be associated with engaging more than one person. A statistical assessment of the pre-test and post-test outcomes was conducted within a matched-pair, repeated measures statistical evaluation framework. The findings suggest that a parsed approach to teaching financial literacy, as opposed to a single personal finance course, represents a potentially effective method for addressing the basic financial literacy needs of undergraduate accounting and business students. Further, these results suggest that it may be possible to expand the training model in a cost effective and efficient way so that financial literacy training could be provided in a reasonable manner to all undergraduate students regardless of their major area of study.
Synthesis of (±)-Tetrabenazine by Visible Light Photoredox Catalysis

(±)-Tetrabenazine was synthesized in six steps from commercially available compounds. The key cyclization substrate was assembled rapidly via Baylis–Hillman and aza-Michael reactions. Annulation of the final ring was achieved through visible light photocatalysis, wherein carbon–carbon bond formation was driven by the oxidation of a tertiary amine. Solvent played a critical role in the photoredox cyclization outcome, whereas methanol led to a mixed ketal, acetonitrile/water (10:1) gave direct cyclization to (±)-tetrabenazine and occurred more rapidly.
1000-W diode-pumped folded zigzag slab laser

We have developed diode pump modules of high brightness by dense stacking diode bars and have added the capacity for high average power by incorporating microchannel cooling technology into the diode bar carrier package. Our present diode package stacks ten packages to the centimeter and mounts 1.8 cm of diode bar on one edge.
Evaluation of the gravity-correction feature of a Kin-Com isokinetic dynamometer

Background and Purpose. Torques reflecting muscle performance must be corrected for the effects of gravity if error-free ratio-scaled data are to be obtained. Ratio-scaled data are necessary, for example, to report muscle performance characteristics in terms of ratios or percentages or in the form of ratios with another muscle (eg, ratio of hamstring to quadriceps femoris muscle peak torque). The purpose of this study was to determine the error associated with the gravity-correction procedure of the Kin-Com® dynamometer when a weight or limb segment is weighed at different lever arm positions. Methods. A known weight was suspended from the lever arm of the Kin-Com® dynamometer. The rotational component of gravitational forces on the weight was measured at 11 different angular positions. We compared the force measurement obtained from the Kin-Com® with the predicted rotational component at each angular position. The gravitational forces on a subject's limb segment (leg) were then measured at 12 different angular positions in each of two trunk positions (sitting and supine). We compared the force measurement obtained from the Kin-Com® with the predicted rotational component for each position. Forces measured for the two trunk positions with the lever arm horizontal were compared. Forces measured with the knee extended were compared with forces measured with the lever arm horizontal. Results. The dynamometer accurately recorded the rotational component of gravitational forces for the weight suspended from the lever arm. There was a progressively greater discrepancy between measured forces and predicted forces for the leg as the lever arm was moved from horizontal to 50 degrees below the horizontal. The force recorded with the Kin-Com® was greater when the subject's knee was in full extension than when the lever arm was horizontal, which placed the subject's knee in a flexed position. A small difference was noted between the measured forces with the lever arm horizontal when the subject was sitting compared with when the subject was positioned supine. Conclusion and Discussion. When weighing a leg with this dynamometer, we recommend that the lever arm be as close to the horizontal position as possible. Positions of proximal joints should be chosen that do not put two joint muscles in stretched positions.
Second-Hand Choice: An Incapacitated Pregnant Woman's Constitutional Right to Choose Abortion

Although the Supreme Court has recognized a woman's right to choose abortion, that right assumes that the woman is able to make such a meaningful choice. If incompetent, a court appoints a guardian for a pregnant woman, through which the incompetent woman is able to make decisions. Because the incompetent pregnant woman has a guardian, courts should not also appoint a guardian for the fetus. The appointment of a fetal guardian is unconstitutional because it infringes on the incapacitated woman's ability to exercise her constitutional right to choose abortion. Additionally, the appointment of a fetal guardian would interfere with the woman's guardian's ability to make decisions for the woman and is generally inconsistent with the purpose of guardianship laws. Lastly, the appointment of a fetal guardian is plainly inefficient because the woman's guardian is best able to make decisions regarding the pregnancy and there is no need for the fetal guardian to participate in such decisions.
Lewis acid-base titrations employing megacycle-frequency oscillators : Titration involving stannic chloride in acetonitrile and benzene solution

Abstract By using a megacycle-frequency oscillator to follow the reaction, the Lewis acid, stannic chloride, can be titrated with nitrogen bases in acetonitrile as solvent and with oxygen bases in benzene as solvent with an error of 0.5–4%; reverse-order titrations were equally successful. The characteristic maxima and minima in the titration curves indicate that in acetonitrile stannic chloride probably forms AB, A3B4 and A4B3 adducts with piperidine, and AB and A4B3 adducts with pyridine; no adduct was indicated for diphenylamine. In benzene solution, stannic chloride forms (a) AB2 adducts with MeOH, EtOH, n-PrOH, iso-PrOH, n-BuOH, sec.-BuOH and iso-BuOH, (b) AB and AB2 adducts with acetone and tetrahydrofuran, and (c) an AB adduct with dioxane; the stoichiometry for a group of ethers is less decisive. The presence of the 1:1 tetrahydrofuran-stannic chloride adduct in benzene supports the belief that pentacoordinate tin exists in certain adducts with oxygen bases. The megacycle-frequency oscillator was also applied to the estimation of the relative base strength of Lewis bases toward a given Lewis acid by assuming that the instrument response increase, as an ether or alcohol was added to stannic chloride in benzene, is due to the formation of the new coordinate bond. Agreement of the data obtained with the limited existing data on relative base strengths of ethers is good in those cases where comparable steric factors are involved.
Images of Heaven and the Spiritual Afterlife: Qualitative Analysis of Children’s Storybooks About Death, Dying, Grief, and Bereavement

Many parents turn to picture books and storybooks to help explain issues surrounding death and dying to their young children. In addition to dealing with topics such as death, funerals, memories, and grief, a number of the books also mention the concept of heaven and what our loved ones might experience after they die. This article uses qualitative research methods to analyze 49 children's storybooks that touch on the existence of heaven or a spiritual afterlife. Results show that heaven is portrayed in a simplistic fashion, as a place high in the sky with bright lights, angels, and clouds. Even as heaven is presented in a relatively simple way, there are also patterned differences in depictions of the spiritual afterlife depending upon whether the decedent in the book was a family pet, a child, a parent, or a grandparent. The article concludes with a discussion of how these depictions of heaven and the afterlife might help young children cope with death-related grief.
Differentiation of Pigment Cells in Tissue Cultures of Chick Neural Crest

The experiments of DuShane1, 2 have proved conclusively that the dermal melanophores of the amphibia originate in the neural crest, as suggested by Harrison,3 and later by Weidenreich4 and Holtfreter.5 The differentiation of large numbers of typical pigment cells in tissue cultures of neural crest taken from embryos of pigmented fowls indicates the probability of a similar source of origin in the chick.Embryos of various breeds have been used, ranging in stage between 6 and 10 somites. Thin strips of the rising folds anterior to the first somites were removed with fine scissors and explanted in a medium consisting of equal parts of plasma and embryonic extract. For controls, whole embryos minus the neural crest were cut into small pieces and explanted on a single slide; or specific areas, such as the eye, the brain floor with underlying endoderm, and the ectoderm and mesoderm lateral to the crest region, were explanted separately. Control cultures never contained more than one or 2 isolated pigment cells,...
Political transformation, urban policy and the state in London's Docklands

The contemporary restructuring of urban space in the United Kingdom can be understood in terms of much broader social, political, and economic changes. This paper provides an analysis of this experience in London's Docklands, as a way of highlighting the connections between these social relations. We can best understand these changes by drawing upon “regulation theory”, which posits a firm, but dynamic, link between economic and political processes. Through an analysis of urban policy changes, political struggles, and economic shifts in London's Docklands, I argue for a more central role for the state and social movements in the understanding of social regulation and urban change. Finally, the paper considers the establishment of an Urban Development Corporation in the area in 1981, which represents an attempt by the central government to establish a new regime of economic and political life in the area. This has produced important conflicts at a local level, which typify the conflictual nature of attempts to restructure the economic and political relations of urban locales.
Deposition of Submicron Aerosol Particles During Integrated Circuit Manufacturing: Experiments

Measurements of airborne concentrations and surface concentrations of submicron particles were made in two different semiconductor manufacturing cleanrooms. These measurements, made with an optical particle counter, a condensation nucleus counter, and a surface contamination optical monitor were used to determine the particle fluxes and the particle deposition velocities. The measurement data were compared with theoretical predictions of deposition due to gravity, diffusion, and electrostatic effects.
The Role of Psychoeducation in Trauma Recovery: Recommendations for Content and Delivery

Providing trauma psychoeducation remains a highly popular intervention despite the fact that little remains known about how effective such information provision is for improving participant outcomes. In this article the author outlines recommendations that can be identified from available research on how to provide psychoeducation for trauma recovery. The author also describes suggested content areas and material to include in this psychoeducation, highlighting the importance of conducting trauma psychoeducation in a culturally-sensitive, human-centered, and relationship-focused manner which emphasizes the value of building resiliency in response to trauma.