cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A service-oriented architecture for digital libraries

CiteSeer is currently a very large source of meta-data information on the World Wide Web (WWW). This meta-data is the key material for the Semantic Web. Still, CiteSeer is not yet a Semantic-enabled service and therefore its meta-data, although potentially usable by Semantic Web agents, is not yet reachable using the Semantic Web mechanisms. The complexity of CiteSeer, that is the range of tasks it supports, make the transition to a Semantic-enabled service a non-trivial task. While human users tend to perceive CiteSeer as a single well-integrated service, we believe it is best seen - from a machine perspective - as a collection of services, each service performing a specific task. In this paper we show our approach to enable CiteSeer on the Semantic Web in order to allow the use of its meta-data through the Semantic Web. We first introduce an intuitive Application Programming Interface (API) to the CiteSeer software, then show that an efficient integration of CiteSeer in the Semantic Web can be best achieved by independently integrating the services that comprise it. We believe the effort presented here towards the Semantic-integration of a complex Information Retrieval system could be used as an integration model for arbitrary systems.
Review: Research Results in Hydroseismicity from 1987 to 2009

Abstract Most natural crustal earthquakes fall into one of two categories: (1) those associated with the dynamics of plate tectonics, or (2) those associated with the elements of the hydrologic cycle. This paper presents a comprehensive listing of published examples of hydroseismicity, a hypothesis that attributes most intraplate and near-intraplate earthquakes to the dynamics of the hydrologic cycle, which includes hurricanes and typhoons. Results from 30 worldwide studies of earthquake-rainfall correlations published during the past 22 years are referenced. These investigations were conducted in both intraplate and plate marginal environments on five continents. Collectively, they provide strong support for the hydroseismicity hypothesis as a viable explanation via pore-fluid-pressure diffusion for the occurrence of many earthquakes, regardless of the host tectonic regime. Signatures of pore-fluid-pressure diffusion in the Earth’s crust are ubiquitous. Slow earthquakes result from crack development driven by pore-fluid-pressure diffusion. These earthquakes, also called silent earthquakes, take days, weeks, or even months to release energy instead of seconds or minutes as in normal earthquakes. Typhoons can trigger slow earthquakes in some areas. Hurricanes are believed to have triggered earthquakes in the eastern United States. Their explanation is provided for the most part by Biot’s theory for wave propagation and pore-fluid-pressure diffusion in poroelastic media.
Survey of Vote-by-Mail Senate Election in the State of Oregon

Shea, Christopher. 1995. "Disengaged Freshmen." The Chronicle of Higher Education. 13 January, p. A29. Somit, Albert, and Joseph Tanenhaus. 1967. The Development of American Political Science: From Burgess to Behavioralism. Boston: Allyn & Bacon. Stein, Benjamin. 1983. "Valley Girls View the World." Public Opinion 6(4):18-19. U.S. News & World Report. 1996. "Pick One: A Shopping Mall or a Voting Booth." 10 June, p. 11. Survey of Vote-by-Mail Senate Election in the State or Oregon
Supercritical fluid chromatography of ginkgolides A, B, C and J and bilobalide.

Abstract Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) can be used to separate the five different ginkgo terpenetrilactones occurring in Ginkgo biloba leaf. The separation is carried out at 280 atm on a packed deactivated aminophrophyl silica HPLC column with CO2 modified with 12% methanol. The separation is better than what is currently achievable with RP-HPLC. Detection was done with evaporative light scattering (ELSD). The limit of detection was around 10 ng. The method can be used for the analysis of any ginkgo sample that has undergone an SPE clean-up and in some cases it is useful for samples without prior clean-up. This is due to the greater selectivity of the SFC separation mechanism relative to the RP-HPLC mechanism.
Assessing Patterns of Drug Use in Local Jurisdictions

Knowledge of drug use patterns is necessary for policy formulation and implementation, especially in terms of law enforcement strategies, treatment, and educational programs. Unfortunately it is usually impossible to accurately assess the overall extent of drug use and abuse. Instead, data are collected from a variety of sources to provide estimates used in policy planning. In this paper drug-related data from three sources are compared to determine similarities and differences in drug use among three population groups: those who come into contact with law enforcement agencies, high school students, and those enrolled in treatment programs. The uses of these data for policy and program planning are suggested.
Fast near-lossless or lossless compression of large 3D neuro-anatomical images

3D neuro-anatomical images and other volumetric data sets are important in many scientific and biomedical fields. To achieve a high compression rate, near-lossless or lossless compression algorithm is applied which uses a Hilbert traversal to produce a data stream from the original image. An extremely fast linear DPCM is used. The linear DPCM takes the average of the previous two voxels' intensity to predict the current voxel's intensity. If near-lossless compression is desired, the prediction error can be uniformly quantized. For lossless mode, no action is taken on the prediction error. The prediction error is further encoded using Huffman code. In order to provide efficient data access, the source image is divided into blocks and indexed by an octree data structure. The points are binned using a novel binning method. All the error distributions that fall into the same bin are summed together to form a summed error distribution. Although our compression method is designed for performance-critical digital brain atlas applications, it would be suitable for other applications with fast data access.
Oracle Streams: A High Performance Implementation for Near Real Time Asynchronous Replication

We present the architectural design and recent performance optimizations of a state of the art commercial database replication technology provided in Oracle Streams. The underlying design of Streams replication is a pipeline of components that are responsible for capturing, propagating, and applying logical change records (LCRs) from a source database to a destination database. Each LCR encapsulates a database change. The communication in this pipeline is now latch-free to increase the throughput of LCRs. In addition, the apply component now bypasses SQL whenever possible and uses a new latch-free metadata cache. We outline the algorithms behind these optimizations and quantify the replication performance improvement from each optimization. Finally, we demonstrate that these optimizations improve the replication performance by more than a factor of four and achieve replication throughput of over 20,000 LCRs per second with sub-second latency on commodity hardware.
Aortic coarctation in the adult: Management of complications and coexisting arterial abnormalities with hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass and circulatory arrest

Abstract Objectives: Adult patients with aortic coarctation may have complications after childhood repair. Other adult patients have coarctation and aneurysms of the aorta and the left subclavian artery. The optimal management of such cases is not clearly established. We evaluated the role of hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass and circulatory arrest. Methods: Thirteen adult patients (mean age 38 years) with coarctation and coexisting abnormalities of the aorta and left subclavian artery were treated. Five patients had pseudoaneurysms develop after bypass grafting (n = 3) or patch angioplasty (n = 2). These were detected a mean of 21 years (range 13-44 years) after the initial operation. Four pseudoaneurysms were asymptomatic, and 1 had ruptured. One patient had recurrent coarctation from fibrous obliteration of a 10-mm bypass graft inserted 15 years previously. The remaining 7 patients had aneurysms of the left subclavian artery (n = 5), aneurysms of the ascending aorta and arch (n = 1), or stenosis of the left subclavian artery (n = 1) in combination with moderate or severe coarctation. Resection and interposition graft replacement of the aneurysmal or stenotic aortic segments were performed in all cases with an interval of hypothermic circulatory arrest that averaged 44 ± 5 minutes (range 33-54 minutes). Seven patients had interposition graft replacement of aneurysmal or stenotic left subclavian arteries. Results: There were no in-hospital or late deaths (maximal follow-up 7 years). No patient had brain injury, paralysis, myocardial, respiratory, or renal failure. No patient has evidence of recurrent coarctation or aneurysm formation. Conclusions: Cardiopulmonary bypass with hypothermic circulatory arrest can safely be used in the treatment of complex adult coarctation. It permits accurate delineation of the anatomy with minimal dissection, avoidance of aortic clamping and sacrifice of intercostal arteries, precise interposition graft repair, and adequate protection of vital organs. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2002;124:155-61
Noise reduction of a carbon nanotube fiber laser frequency comb

We report the reduction of noise in a carbon nanotube fiber laser frequency comb using pump attenuation and phase-lead compensation. The measured f 0 linewidth was decreased by a factor of four.
Parabolic Equations with Measurable Coefficients

We investigate the unique solvability of second order parabolic equations in non-divergence form in \(W_p^{1,2}((0,T) \times \mathbb{R}^d)\), p ≥ 2. The leading coefficients are only measurable in either one spatial variable or time and one spatial variable. In addition, they are VMO (vanishing mean oscillation) with respect to the remaining variables.
Empirical modeling of spatial and temporal variation in warm season nocturnal air temperatures in two North Idaho mountain ranges, USA

Accurate, fine spatial resolution predictions of surface air temperatures are critical for understanding many hydrologic and ecological processes. This study examines the spatial and temporal variability in nocturnal air temperatures across a mountainous region of Northern Idaho. Principal components analysis (PCA) was applied to a network of 70 Hobo temperature loggers systematically distributed across 2 mountain ranges. Four interpretable modes of variability were observed in average nighttime temperatures among Hobo sites: (1) regional/synoptic; (2) topoclimatic; (3) land surface feedback; (4) canopy cover and vegetation. PC time series captured temporal variability in nighttime temperatures and showed strong relationships with regional air temperatures, sky conditions and atmospheric pressure. PC2 captured the topographic variation among temperatures. A cold air drainage index was created by predicting PC2 loadings to elevation, slope position and dissection indices. Nightly temperature maps were produced by applying PC time series back to the PC2 loading surface, revealing complex temporal and spatial variation in nighttime temperatures. Further development of both physically and empirically based daily temperature models that account for synoptic atmospheric controls on fine-scale temperature variability in mountain ecosystems are needed to guide future monitoring efforts aimed at assessing the impact of climate change.
Stark manipulation of the free radical OH

Our latest work towards utilizing Stark deceleration on a beam of molecular free radicals is presented. Observed signal enhancement using hexapole focusing and the necessary phase space matching conditions are discussed.
Interdisciplinary collaboration through wikis in software development

The success of a software development project often requires collaboration among various disciplines because, in general, individual members from a single discipline do not have all of the information, knowledge, and expertise needed to produce successful software. Interdisciplinary collaboration has created challenges in software development due to the difficulty in communicating and coordinating across disciplines. The use of wikis seems to be growing rapidly as groups and organizations are turning to the use of wikis to solve these challenges. Although wikis have been claimed to support collaboration and information sharing, the backing for this claim has not been rigorously assessed. In this paper, I describe an exploratory study of the use of wikis for information sharing in two web application development teams. The study results will help us understand how wikis are used and how they may enable successful interdisciplinary collaboration in software development.
Activation of SRC Tyrosine Kinases Within the Spectrum of Keratinocytic Neoplasia.

The Src-family tyrosine kinases are modulators of growth-regulatory signals within keratinocytes. The relationship between Src kinases and epidermal neoplasia is unexplored in human biopsies. Keratinocytes express 3 Src kinases: Src, Fyn, Yes. Activation of these kinases corresponds to tyrosine phosphorylationÂ near the active site, tyrosine 416 of human Src. This study compared the levels of total Src-kinase protein and activated Src kinases within a spectrum of lesions ranging from actinic keratoses (AKs) to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). An antibody that recognizes an epitope in Src, Fyn, and Yes revealed the total level of Src kinase protein; an antibody specific for the phosphoryated active site tyrosine determined the level of Src kinase activation. The level of Src-kinase expression and activated Src kinases was evaluated in paraffin imbedded sections of AKs, SCC in-situ (SCIS), and SCC containing adjacent unremarkable epidermis. The total level of Src kinase protein in lesions was similar to unremarkable epidermis. The level of Src kinase activation was elevated within approximately one-third of AKs and SCIS, but was increased in over 80% of SCCs. These results demonstrate Src kinases are activated in epidermal neoplasia, and that increased Src kinase activity is associated with the transition from SCIS to SCC.
Do alternative names block young and older adults retrieval of proper names

This study evaluates whether tip of the tongue experiences (TOTs) are caused by a more accessible word which blocks retrieval of the target word, especially for older adults. In a “competitor priming” paradigm, young and older adults produced the name of a famous character (e.g., Eliza Doolittle) in response to a question and subsequently named a picture of a famous actor or actress depicting this character (e.g., Audrey Hepburn as Eliza Doolittle). Older adults produced more TOTs than young adults, but prior production of a related character name did not affect TOTs, although it did reduce incorrect responses. There were no age differences in knowledge of films and TV and thus the age-related increase in TOTs is not because older adults have more relevant knowledge. The findings are compatible with models in which alternate words are a consequence not a cause of TOT.
Approximate aerodynamic analysis for horizontal axis wind turbines

An approximate analysis for the performance of horizontal wind turbines is presented. The analysis assumes constant aerodynamic coefficients and small angles. The analysis is based on disk impulse and blade element theories and results in two models with closed-form equations. One model has a constant interference factor and the other has a variable interference factor. Performance estimates agree closely with those obtained from a more sophisticated analysis. Because the models exist in closed-form equations, performance can be estimated using a hand-held calculator. The models can easily handle changes in aerodynamic coefficients and changes in blade planform. The models are well-suited for preliminary design and cost studies and for performance estimates for small manufacturers.
The Importance of a Multi-Dimensional Approach for Studying the Links between Food Access and Consumption

Research on neighborhood food access has focused on documenting disparities in the food environment and on assessing the links between the environment and consumption. Relatively few studies have combined in-store food availability measures with geographic mapping of stores. We review research that has used these multi-dimensional measures of access to explore the links between the neighborhood food environment and consumption or weight status. Early research in California found correlations between red meat, reduced-fat milk, and whole-grain bread consumption and shelf space availability of these products in area stores. Subsequent research in New York confirmed the low-fat milk findings. Recent research in Baltimore has used more sophisticated diet assessment tools and store-based instruments, along with controls for individual characteristics, to show that low availability of healthy food in area stores is associated with low-quality diets of area residents. Our research in southeastern Louisiana has shown that shelf space availability of energy-dense snack foods is positively associated with BMI after controlling for individual socioeconomic characteristics. Most of this research is based on cross-sectional studies. To assess the direction of causality, future research testing the effects of interventions is needed. We suggest that multi-dimensional measures of the neighborhood food environment are important to understanding these links between access and consumption. They provide a more nuanced assessment of the food environment. Moreover, given the typical duration of research project cycles, changes to in-store environments may be more feasible than changes to the overall mix of retail outlets in communities.
Perception of Shade

Plants perceive shade by responding to both the fluence rate and to the spectral quality of the natural radiation environment. Changes in fluence rate are perceived by separate photoreceptors absorbing in both the blue and the red wavebands. The identity of the photoreceptor (or photoreceptors) responding to changes in the fluence rate of blue light is unknown (see Briggs, this volume). Physiological responses to changes in the fluence rate in the red waveband appear to be mediated through phytochrome. The relative roles played by the blue-light-absorbing photoreceptor and phytochrome in determining the response to changes in fluence rate varies between species and organs and is also dependent on the physiological age of the plant. Evidence is also presented that supports the concept that phytochrome functions to perceive the specific form of shade caused by surrounding competitive vegetation.
A CASE OF MULTIPLE BONE LESIONS OF ATYPICAL ROENTGENOGRAPHIC APPEARANCE WITH THE PATHOLOGIC FINDINGS

This case is reported as one which illustrates the difficulty of differentiating roentgenographically between pyogenic osteomyelitis, tuberculosis, and syphilis. It furthermore offers an opportunity of correlating definite pathologic findings with an atypical radiographic appearance. Both destructive and formative types of bone lesions are present in a case proved to be tuberculosis. The case is a striking example of a predominately formative reaction in tuberculosis of bone.
Mean-field approximation to the many-body S matrix

A nonperturbative method is developed for calculating the excitation of a many-body system by a time-dependent Hamiltonian. The stationary-phase approximation to a functional-integral representation of the interaction-picture many-body evolution operator results in a mean-field approximation to the S matrix which is asymptotically time independent. A one-body temporally nonlocal evolution equation defines the stationary mean-field configurations. The general method and character of the stationary solutions are illustrated by application to the forced harmonic oscillator and forced Lipkin model. Potential applications to realistic nuclear and atomic scattering situations are discussed.
Force Feedback Controls Motor Activity and Mechanical Properties of Self-Assembling Branched Actin Networks

Branched actin networks--created by the Arp2/3 complex, capping protein, and a nucleation promoting factor--generate and transmit forces required for many cellular processes, but their response to force is poorly understood. To address this, we assembled branched actin networks in vitro from purified components and used simultaneous fluorescence and atomic force microscopy to quantify their molecular composition and material properties under various forces. Remarkably, mechanical loading of these self-assembling materials increases their density, power, and efficiency. Microscopically, increased density reflects increased filament number and altered geometry but no change in average length. Macroscopically, increased density enhances network stiffness and resistance to mechanical failure beyond those of isotropic actin networks. These effects endow branched actin networks with memory of their mechanical history that shapes their material properties and motor activity. This work reveals intrinsic force feedback mechanisms by which mechanical resistance makes self-assembling actin networks stiffer, stronger, and more powerful.
Trends in prescribing of sedative-hypnotic medications in the USA: 1993-2010.

Purpose Non-benzodiazepine receptor agonists (nBZRAs) were developed as an alternative to benzodiazepines (BZDs) to treat insomnia. Little is known about how the introduction of nBZRAs influenced trends in BZD prescribing. We examined BZD and nBZRA prescribing trends from 1993 to 2010. Methods We used the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey to examine 516,118 patient visits between 1993 and 2010. We categorized visits as BZD, nBZRA, or BZD + nBZRA visits based on medications prescribed in each visit and applied linear probability regression models to assess trends in visits. Results Increases were observed in proportions of visits that were BZD (2.6% in 1993 to 4.4% in 2010, p < 0.001) and nBZRA (0% to 1.4%, p < 0.001). Increases in BZD visits were primarily after 2002, with prescribing in the preceding years remaining relatively stable. We also found increases in BZD + nBZRA visits (0% to 0.4%, p < 0.001). Among patients with sleep disorders, there was an increase in nBZRA visits (2.3% to 13.7%, p < 0.001), and decline in BZD visits (23.5% to 10.8%, p = 0.015). Just under a third (30.8%) of any sedative-hypnotic visits were for adults aged 65+ years, among whom increases in BZD, nBZRA, and BZD + nBZRA visits were observed across the study period. Conclusions There were increases in prescribing of nBZRAs between 1993 and 2010. Increases in prescribing of BZDs were also observed, especially after 2002. The introduction of nBZRAs likely resulted in declines in BZD prescribing among those with a sleep disorder, but not other groups. Delivery of behavioral treatments should be encouraged to avert adverse outcomes associated with sedative-hypnotic use. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cavity quantum electrodynamics: the strange properties of photons and atoms confined in a box

Atoms confined in a cavity probe a vacuum field whose spectral, spatial, and polarization distributions are altered by the metallic boundaries.
Mixed Adeno-neuroendocrine Carcinoma: An Aggressive Clinical Entity

Background Mixed adeno-neuroendocrine carcinoma (MANEC) is a rare pathologic diagnosis recently defined by the World Health Organization in 2010. Due to poor understanding of MANEC as a clinical entity, there is significant variation in the management of these patients. The purpose of our study was to characterize MANEC to develop evidence-based treatment strategies.
Tracking Down Mutations Cell by Cell

Using somatic cell nuclear transfer, Hazen et al. (2016) examined clonally expanded single neurons for mutations and found ∼100 mutations from a variety of classes. Post-mitotic mutations in individual neurons represent an exploratory direction for finding fundamental origins of neurodegeneration.
Analysis and prediction of shear banding under 3D conditions in granular materials

ABSTRACT A series of true triaxial tests on tell prismatic specimens of sand at three different void ratios from the basis for analyses, prediction and verification of the influence of shear banding on the three-dimensional failure conditions in granular material. The results of the true triaxial tests are reviewed and discussed in view of the shear banding that is observed in these tests. Theoretical conditions for shear banding, which are based on the behavior of the material near the observed shear banding phenomenon, are reviewed. The detailed procedure for shear banding analysis is explained in general and calculations are performed for a single hardening elasto-plastic constitutive model. The predicted shear banding events are compared with those observed in the experiments. It is shown that the predicted stress conditions for shear banding match those observed in the true triaxial tests, and it is concluded that shear banding plays an important role in the three-dimensional strength of granular materials. Thus, peak failure is caused by shear banding in the hardening regime in the approximate range of b=(σ2-σ3)/(σ1-σ3) form 0.18 to 0.85, while it occurs in the softening regime outside this range of b-values. A smooth, continuous 3D failure surface is therefore not generally obtained for granular materials.
Toward Avoiding an Empirical March to Nowhere

As social scientists we want to make contributions that can help us better understand and possibly change the world, even if in small ways. We endeavor—in our field of psychology of aesthetics, creativity, and the arts—to understand and contribute insights into fundamental and complex aspects of the human experience. In my new role as Editor for the Journal of Creative Behavior (JCB), my editorial team and I have a unique opportunity and responsibility to support this goal. As the oldest journal dedicated to creativity research, we aim to continue the journal’s legacy as one of the primary outlets where scholars turn to share their contributions. We also hope to do our part to ensure that the work published in our journal is meaningful and of the highest quality. Now is as exciting a time as ever to be a scholar who studies aesthetics, creativity, and the arts. Our field is burgeoning with activity. It seems timely, therefore, that Makel’s (2014) article calls us to start taking stock of where we are and how we might better ensure that our efforts are headed in meaningful directions. The task that Makel sets for us is to reflect on how our “empirical march” toward understanding is impeded by bias and error in the research we conduct and in the norms of disseminating our work. He points out common pitfalls that can result in bias and error and offers suggestions aimed at establishing a more unified approach for addressing these problems. Makel’s article represents a potentially important catalyst for our field. Beyond sparking initial conversations and responses in this issue of Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, his article may pay out in helping initiate changes that can improve and strengthen the knowledge we generate through our scholarly efforts. In order for this to happen, however, I believe we need to zoom out a bit and reflect on the broader terrain of our scholarly endeavors. Makel meets us at a specific juncture in our scholarly effort: the deductive and (dis)confirmatory phase of our work. It is there that he couches his arguments. His ultimate aim is to “increase the tempo of our march by decreasing bias and error and increasing understanding about generalizability and boundary conditions of constructs.” To be sure, without shoring up our confirmatory efforts our progress will be slowed. However, aiming to increase the tempo of
Correlation Analysis during Resting State of the Whole Head with Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

Functional correlation analysis was performed on near-infrared data of the whole head during baseline. We generated correlation images that reflect coherent fluctuations across the brain, mainly in the contralateral side of the seed arbitrarily defined.
Assessing the comorbidity gap between clinical studies and prevalence in elderly patient populations

Well-designed and well-conducted clinical studies represent gold standard approaches for generating medical evidence. However, elderly populations are systematically underrepresented in studies across major chronic medical conditions, which has hampered the generalizability (external validity) of studies to the real-world patient population. It is the norm that intervention studies often require a homogeneous cohort to test their hypotheses; therefore older adults with co-medications and comorbidities are often excluded. The purpose of this study is to assess the gap between clinical studies on comorbidities and prevalence in elderly populations derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and the Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care II (MIMIC-II) dataset. A comorbidity gap between them was observed and reported in this work.
Max Schüller and an alleged microbial cause of rheumatoid arthritis.

Max Schuller (1843-1907) was a German surgeon and microbiologist. From 1884 to 1905, he published histopathologic and bacteriological research on bacterial infection of human joints. Beginning in 1892, he focused on a bacterium he had identified in joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and surmised that he had discovered the cause of this disease. He persisted in conducting various experiments, some original at the time, with which he convinced himself of the validity of his discovery, without considering the possibility that he was working on contaminants. Contemporaneous attempts to confirm Schuller's findings gave inconsistent results. A century of microbiological research with ever more sensitive techniques has not definitively answered the etiologic question. This history is a cautionary tale of the difficulty of disproving an erroneous premise.
Exploratory and confirmatory factory analysis of the Willingness to Eat Whole Grains Questionnaire: A measure of young adults' attitudes toward consuming whole grain foods.

Abstract Whole grains are recommended by dietary guidelines because of their health-promoting properties, yet attitudes toward consuming these foods have not been examined. This study developed and validated a questionnaire to estimate willingness to consume whole grain foods. Focus group interviews with high school students and input from nutrition educators produced a list of 10 whole grain items that were included in the “Willingness to Eat Whole Grains Questionnaire”. Young adult university students 18–29 years of age indicated their willingness to consume each of the whole grain foods using a 4-point, Likert-type scale with responses ranging from “always unwilling” to “always willing” and a fifth option of “never eaten”. Participants’ age, race/ethnicity, and gender were collected. Data were examined using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and test-retest reliability. The EFA test (n = 266; 65% female; 69% white) using principal axis factoring returned a single factor that included all survey items and explained 58.3% of the variance. The CFA (n = 252; 62% female, 74% white) supported a single-factor solution: χ 2 = 80.57 (35); RMSEA = 0.07; Comparative Fit Index = 0.92; Tucker-Lewis Index = 0.90; and SRMR = 0.05. The questionnaire, administered on two occasions separated by two weeks to 36 university students, demonstrated good testretest reliability (r = 0.87, p
Consistency of Maternal Telephone Administration of the Asthma Control Test Using Postpartum Recall Compared to Repeated Measures during Pregnancy

ABSTRACTBackground: Suboptimal asthma control during pregnancy may impact perinatal outcomes. U.S. guidelines recommend questionnaires to assess asthma control including the Asthma Control Test (ACT). It is unknown in a research setting to what extent recall differs by the time between symptom occurrence and the administration of the questionnaire. Methods: Between 2009–2014, 196 pregnant asthmatic women were recruited by the Organization of Teratology Information Specialists (OTIS) MotherToBaby Pregnancy Studies. Participants were administered the ACT at enrollment, gestational weeks 20 and 32, and shortly after delivery. The same women were also administered the ACT retrospectively at approximately 6 months postpartum. Results: The Pearson correlation coefficients between the in-pregnancy and retrospective continuous ACT scores for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimesters were: 0.67 (95% CI: 0.58, 0.74), 0.61 (0.52, 0.70) and 0.65 (0.56, 0.72), respectively. When dichotomized into well-controlled asthma (ACT sco...
Developing Financial Incentives for Kidney Transplant Centers: Who Is Minding the Store?

Perspective is a principle component of economics research. As many healthcare economic evaluations examine and compare the cost-effectiveness of interventions, it is important to consider the perspective from which outcomes and costs of an intervention may pertain (e.g. to the patient, payer or healthcare organization). In general, most health economics research attempts to take a societal perspective, evaluating the impact of an intervention (for example) on the welfare of a given population. Based on this paradigm, one can assess the net benefit or loss associated with a policy change and compare results between studies even with specific groups affected differently. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Citation Analysis and Its Potential In Theological Libraries

Citation analysis has played a critical role in the hard and social sciences for decades. Where has it been in the humanities? This essay provides a brief introduction providing an overwiew of citation analysis, its critical role in scholarship, a look at how it can play a role in theology, religion, and philosophy, and some suggestions as to roles that citation analysis can play in the future of these areas of study.
Dynamic translation regulation in Caulobacter cell cycle control

Progression of the Caulobacter cell cycle requires temporal and spatial control of gene expression, culminating in an asymmetric cell division yielding distinct daughter cells. To explore the contribution of translational control, RNA-seq and ribosome profiling were used to assay global transcription and translation levels of individual genes at six times over the cell cycle. Translational efficiency (TE) was used as a metric for the relative rate of protein production from each mRNA. TE profiles with similar cell cycle patterns were found across multiple clusters of genes, including those in operons or in subsets of operons. Collections of genes associated with central cell cycle functional modules (e.g., biosynthesis of stalk, flagellum, or chemotaxis machinery) have consistent but different TE temporal patterns, independent of their operon organization. Differential translation of operon-encoded genes facilitates precise cell cycle-timing for the dynamic assembly of multiprotein complexes, such as the flagellum and the stalk and the correct positioning of regulatory proteins to specific cell poles. The cell cycle-regulatory pathways that produce specific temporal TE patterns are separate from-but highly coordinated with-the transcriptional cell cycle circuitry, suggesting that the scheduling of translational regulation is organized by the same cyclical regulatory circuit that directs the transcriptional control of the Caulobacter cell cycle.
Epitopic Malaria Vaccines Comprised of Minimal T- and B-Cell Epitopes of the P. falciparum CS Protein

Phase I/II trials of P. falciparum synthetic peptide vaccines carried out in the first decade of the twenty-first century emphasized the need to improve immunogenicity of epitopic malaria vaccines comprised of minimal T- and B-cell epitopes of the circumsporozoite (CS) protein. Bench-to-bedside-and-back-to-bench efforts to increase the magnitude of P. falciparum-specific sporozoite-neutralizing antibodies and CD4+ T-helper (Th) cells have investigated new delivery vehicles, TLR agonist-based adjuvants, and new routes of immunization. This chapter focuses on efforts to optimize sporozoite-neutralizing antibodies that target the immunodominant repeat region of the CS protein, which provide the first line of host defense by immobilizing sporozoites in the skin and blocking invasion of host hepatocytes. The P. falciparum CS protein serves both as a lead vaccine candidate and a model antigen to advance design of epitopic vaccines that targetpre-erythrocytic stages of the Plasmodium parasite. A major advance for analysis of functional vaccine-induced immunity has been the development of transgenic rodent parasites expressing repeats, C-terminus, or full-length P. falciparum CS protein as a small animal model to assess protective immune responses. The lessons learned in optimizing immunogenicity of epitopic P. falciparum CS vaccines will be directly applicable to other Plasmodium species, as well as to other stages of the parasite that are also targeted by antibody-mediated immunity, such as blood stages responsible for clinical disease and sexual stages responsible for transmission to the mosquito vector. The focus on induction of class II-mediated immunity against well-defined protective epitopes of this complex protozoan parasite should facilitate the development of multi-antigen vaccines in the future to target the infectious and pathogenic stages of the parasite life cycle.
Regulation of Connective Tissue Growth Factor (CTGF) Ameliorates the Disease Course in a Rodent Model of Reactive Arthritis (RA).

Abstract Gene expression of CTGF, a proangiogenic molecule, is up-regulated by serine proteases (FXa) and thrombin (JBC 275, 2000). We have demonstrated that thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) plays a major role in the assembly of the prothrombinase complex on the surface of neutrophils (PMNs) and that PMNs contain the message for CTGF. Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with leukocyte adhesion and extravasation with angiogenesis as its hallmark. There is evidence indicating that TSP1 plays a major role in the pathophysiology of RA (JI 171, 2003). In this genetically susceptible rodent model of RA, a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of peptidoglycan-polysaccharide induces an inflammatory immune response characterized by increased joint diameters in a biphasic manner. The acute phase occurs during the first five days with spontaneous reactivation around day 12 resulting in a progressive and irreversible chronic phase. We tested a well-characterized synthetic peptide derived from TSP1-type 3 repeats under three different therapeutic modalities in the experimental model of RA. First, peptide treatment was administered intravenously (i.v.) during the first five days of the experimental protocol representing the acute phase. Second, peptide treatment was administered i.v. during the acute phase but then i.p. every other day during the chronic phase of the experimental protocol. Third, peptide treatment was administered daily i.p. during the acute phase and every other day during the chronic phase. At all times a positive control group was included as well as a negative control group receiving a scrambled peptide. Total RNA was isolated from the ankle joints of the animals and RT-PCR was performed using specific primers for CTGF and G3PDH. Integrated density values were measured and the ratio of CTGF/G3PDH assessed. Immunohistochemical analysis of CTGF was also performed using Bioquant image analysis software to quantitate CTGF immuno expression. In peptide-treated animals CTGF expression in the cells of the synovial lining was significantly decreased when compared to the disease untreated group. Peptide untreated positive control group was associated with upregulation of the CTGF gene expression (2.53±0.33) in the ankle tissue and localized to the synovial membranes as judge by the immunochemical studies (8.7±0.77). In contrast, peptide treatment downregulated CTGF gene expression (0.9±0.41, p
Problem Drinking in College

Objective: A theory-based protection/risk model was applied to explain variation in college students’ heavy episodic drinking. Key aims were (1) to establish that psychosocial and behavioral protective factors and risk factors can account for cross-sectional and developmental variation in heavy episodic drinking, and (2) to examine whether protection moderates the impact of risk on heavy episodic drinking. Method: Random- and fixed-effects maximum likelihood regression analyses were used to examine data from a three-wave longitudinal study. Data were collected in fall of 2002, spring of 2003, and spring of 2004 from college students (N = 975; 548 men) who were first-semester freshmen at Wave 1. Results: Psychosocial and behavioral protective and risk factors accounted for substantial variation in college-student heavy episodic drinking, and protection moderated the impact of risk. Findings held for both genders and were consistent across the three separate waves of data. Key predictors of heavy episodic drinking were social and individual controls protection (e.g., parental sanctions for transgression and attitudinal intolerance of deviance, respectively); models risk (peer models for substance use); behavioral protection (attendance at religious services); and behavioral risk (cigarette smoking and marijuana use). Changes in controls protection, models risk, and opportunity risk were associated with change in heavy episodic drinking. Conclusions: An explanatory model based on both psychosocial and behavioral protective and risk factors was effective in accounting for variation in college-student heavy episodic drinking. A useful heuristic was demonstrated through the articulation of models, controls, support, opportunity, and vulnerability to characterize the social context, and of controls, vulnerability, and other behaviors to characterize individuals.
Comparative behavioural observations demonstrate the 'cleaner' shrimp Periclimenes yucatanicus engages in true symbiotic cleaning interactions.

Cleaner shrimps are ecologically important members of coral reef communities, but for many species, cleaner status (i.e. dedicated, facultative and mimic), clientele and ecological role remain unve...
Stability and change in peer-rejected status: The role of child behavior, parenting, and family ecology.

Antecedents and correlates of peer rejection in kindergarten and first grade were examined. Interviews with 585 mothers provided data on parenting and family ecology. Child behavior was indexed by peer and teacher ratings. Children were classified as sociometrically accepted in both grades, rejected in only one grade, or rejected in both grades. Compared to accepted children, rejected children were more likely to come from lower SES families in which restrictive discipline occurred at a high rate, and were more aggressive and less socially and academically skilled. Children rejected in both grades were more aggressive than children rejected in one grade. Decreases in aggression and increases in academic performance were shown by children whose status improved across grades, with the opposite pattern shown by children whose status worsened. Findings are discussed in terms of the etiology and maintenance of peer rejection in the early school years.
Behavior of Prestressed Composite Beams

Prestressing is shown to be an effective means of increasing the yield load, the ultimate load, and the load producing the allowable steel stress, in composite beams of steel and concrete, but prestressing of these structures does not significantly reduce the deflection due to live load nor does it significantly increase the load producing the allowable concrete stress. These conclusions are based upon the analysis of the behavior of a number of prestressed and conventional composite beams for both bridges and buildings, for loads increasing up to failure of the beam. The validity of the method of analysis is shown by analyzing certain beams tested by others and comparing analytical and experimental results.
A probabilistic power flow algorithm based on semi-variable and series expansion

Traditional power flow algorithm such as the trend for front-and-spoke networks and backward substitution method and a cyclic structure NR method cannot fully reflect the uncertainties affecting the system, and a lot of new energy sources access to change the original properties of the grid, so that a single flow algorithm has significant limitations, the study calculated adapt to the trend of large-scale new energy future grid connection characteristics is important. A method of probabilistic power flow algorithm based on semi-variable and Gram-Charlier series expansion was proposed in this paper. Wind power output, load fluctuation, fault lines and forced outages of generator and other uncertainties were considered. Based on node voltage and branch power expectations and sensitivity matrix, each order semi-variable of load, conventional generators, wind turbine output and node injection power were calculated. Probability density function and probability distribution function were obtained through Gram-Charlier series expansion. IEEE-30 node test shows that: The algorithm can reflect the uncertainty of large-scale new energy accessing, simplified convolution of calculating probability density function of random variables for algebra of semi-invariant. Greatly reduce the computation time and it has a good convergence.
Why and How to Design Complementary NeuroIS and Behavioral Experiments

Neurophysiological methods offer insights into human cognition that cannot be obtained using traditional methods. However, they are often limited by the artificiality of an experimental setting or the intrusiveness of the method. For these reasons, it is often advisable to complement a NeuroIS experiment with a behavioral experiment, either in a laboratory or field setting. The purpose of this paper is to discuss four guidelines for why and how to effectively design complementary behavioral and NeuroIS experiments. These include: (1) extend NeuroIS experiments with behavioral experiments using theory, rather than replicate; (2) select a behavioral study to enhance ecological and external validity; (3) use the results of each methodology to inform the other; and (4) use NeuroIS and behavioral studies in tandem to inform IT artifact design. By applying these points, researchers can more effectively design complementary NeuroIS and behavioral experiments that together provide richer insights into phenomena under study.
Fast functionalization of ultrasound microbubbles using strain promoted click chemistry

Functionalization of microbubbles (MBs) is a difficult issue due to their unstable nature. Here we report a fast and versatile method using a strain promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) click reaction for microbubble functionalization. An azadibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO) group was first introduced onto the MB surface and then an azide group into the desired ligand. Without any initiators or catalysts, essential click ligation occurred within 1 min and a majority of the reaction completed in 5 min at 37 °C. This fast ligation shortens the microbubble reaction time and preserves essential amounts of microbubbles for further in situ imaging and delivery of therapeutics.