cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Liver Dysfunction in Children and Adolescents During Hemodialysis and After Renal Transplantation

Liver dysfunction is common in patients on hemodialysis or during the posttransplant period. Twelve children in the End-Stage Renal Disease Program at the University of Florida ranging in age from 4 to 18 years, developed persistent, elevated liver enzymes (SGOT or SGPT greater than 100 IU/liter) during hemodialysis in preparation for renal transplantation. Eleven of 12 developed enzyme elevations within six weeks of the initiation of hemodialysis. The other child exhibited enzyme elevations after one year on dialysis while awaiting a second transplant. Most of the children were anicteric and asymptomatic. Potential hepatotoxic drugs were discontinued when serum transaminase elevations were noted. Hepatitis B surface antigenemia was associated with enzyme elevations in one patient; cytomegalovirus seroconversion had occurred in eight patients, but only three had associated enzyme elevations. Liver biopsies were performed in all the patients before or at the time of renal transplantation. The histology was variable and ranged from normal in six patients, mildly abnormal with changes compatible with acute hepatitis in four patients, and granulomatous hepatitis in one patient, to severely abnormal with chronic hepatitis inthe remaining patient. Seven of the 12 children underwent successful transplantation with return of enzyme levels to normal in five and persistent elevations in the others. These findings suggest that evaluation of liver histology provides the only accurate means of assessment of persistent liver dysfunction in children and adolescents on hemodialysis and after renal transplantation.
Sugar Catabolism in Aquaspirillum gracile

Aquaspirillum (Spirillum) gracile is one of the few spirilla that cause acidification of the medium when cultured with sugars. Acidic reactions have been reported only for d-glucose, d-galactose, and l-arabinose, and the mode of attack of these sugars has not been previously investigated. The soluble portion of extracts of glucose-cultured cells of A. gracile ATCC 19624 was found by spectrophotometric methods to contain enzyme activities characteristic of the Entner-Doudoroff and Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathways. No activity for 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.44) was detected. Pyridine nucleotide-linked dehydrogenase activities for l-arabinose and d-galactose (EC 1.1.1.46 and EC 1.1.1.48) occurred in the soluble fraction of cells cultured with either sugar. Glucose-cultured cells contained not only glucokinase (EC 2.7.1.2) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49) activities but also glucose dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.47) activity. Enzymes capable of oxidizing gluconate were not detectable, but gluconokinase (EC 2.7.1.12) activity was present. Paper chromatographic analysis of the spent culture supernatant media from glucose-cultured cells indicated an accumulation of gluconic acid, and this was confirmed by enzymatic methods. Evidence is presented for the production of d-galactonic and l-arabonic acids in cultures containing d-galactose or l-arabinose, respectively.
A Simplified Field-of-View Calibration Technique for an Operating Microscope

We present a simplified camera calibration algorithm taking advantage of the geometry of our operating microscope, and requiring no special calibration target. Simulations showed that this algorithm is moderately sensitive to inaccuracies in S and f. For nominal values of Sn=6 pix/mm and fn=300 mm, we found that a 5% deviation in the value of S results in a mean error of 0.99 mm, while a 5% deviation in the actual value of f results in a 0.81 mm mean error.
Venous sinus occlusive disease: MR findings.

PURPOSE To study MR patterns of venous sinus occlusive disease and to relate them to the underlying pathophysiology by comparing the appearance and pathophysiologic features of venous sinus occlusive disease with those of arterial ischemic disease. METHODS The clinical data and MR examinations of 26 patients with venous sinus occlusive disease were retrospectively reviewed with special attention to mass effect, hemorrhage, and T2-weighted image abnormalities as well as to abnormal parenchymal, venous, or arterial enhancement after intravenous gadopentetate dimeglumine administration. Follow-up studies when available were evaluated for atrophy, infarction, chronic mass effect, and hemorrhage. RESULTS Mass effect was present in 25 of 26 patients. Eleven of the 26 had mass effect without abnormal signal on T2-weighted images. Fifteen patients had abnormal signal on T2-weighted images, but this was much less extensive than the degree of brain swelling in all cases. No patient showed abnormal parenchymal or arterial enhancement. Abnormal venous enhancement was seen in 10 of 13 patients who had contrast-enhanced studies. Intraparenchymal hemorrhage was seen in nine patients with high signal on T2-weighted images predominantly peripheral to the hematoma in eight. Three overall MR patterns were observed in acute sinus thrombosis: 1) mass effect without associated abnormal signal on T2-weighted images, 2) mass effect with associated abnormal signal on T2-weighted images and/or ventricular dilatation that may be reversible, and 3) intraparenchymal hematoma with surrounding edema. CONCLUSION MR findings of venous sinus occlusive disease are different from those of arterial ischemia and may reflect different underlying pathophysiology. In venous sinus occlusive disease, the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (vasogenic edema and abnormal parenchymal enhancement) does not always occur, and brain swelling can persist up to 2 years with or without abnormal signal on T2-weighted images. Abnormal signal on T2-weighted images may be reversible and does not always indicate infarction.
Recrystallization of a novel two-phase FeNiMnAlCr high entropy alloy

Abstract Cold rolling followed by annealing was performed on the as-cast, two-phase (f.c.c. + B2), lamellar-structured high entropy alloy Fe28.2Ni18.8Mn32.9Al14.1Cr6. The cold-rolled Fe28.2Ni18.8Mn32.9Al14.1Cr6 showed a very high yield strength of 1422 MPa due to the high dislocation density (>1 × 1015 m−2), but only 2.3% elongation to failure. Annealing produced recrystallization, which caused the as-cast lamellar microstructure to be replaced by an equi-axed, duplex grain structure consisting of discrete B2 and f.c.c. grains with both different compositions and volume fractions. The recrystallized alloy showed a yield strength of ∼600 MPa and an elongation of ∼20%, which was only slightly different from the as-cast mechanical properties, a feature ascribed to the similarity in the scale (0.5 μm) of the microstructure in the two states. It was found that although initial plastic deformation takes place in the f.c.c. phase, specimens either cold-rolled or strained to failure showed that both phases plastically deformed.
Identification and quantification of principal–agent problems affecting energy efficiency investments and use decisions in the trucking industry

Abstract Energy related Principal–Agent (PA) problems cause inefficient combinations of investment, operating costs, and usage behavior. The complex market structure of the trucking industry contributes to split incentives because entities responsible for investments in energy efficiency do not always pay fuel costs and drivers are often not rewarded for fuel-efficient operation. Some contractual relationships exist in the trucking industry that hinder responses to fuel price signals. Up to 91% of total trucking fuel consumption in the U.S. is affected by “usage” PA problems, where the driver does not pay fuel costs and lacks incentive for fuel saving operation. Approximately 23% of trailers are exposed to an “efficiency problem” when owners of rented trailers do not pay fuel costs and therefore have little incentive to invest in efficiency upgrades such as improved trailer aerodynamics and reduced tire rolling resistance. This study shows that PA problems have the potential to significantly increase fuel consumption through avoided investments, insufficient maintenance, and fuel-wasting practices. Further research into the causes and effects of PA problems can shape policies to promote better alignment of costs and benefits, leading to reduced fuel use and carbon emissions.
Evolutionary advantage of the menopause

To postulate an evolutionary advantage of the menopause is to address the paradox of how natural selection can favor cessation of reproduction. To do this, menopause is examined with reference to four criteria: (1) its species-specificity and genetic basis; (2) its evolutionary history; (3) its selective advantage in the context of human longevity; and (4) its possible role in human evolution. A brief review of the literature reveals that the first two criteria are satisfied. The third criterion is supported by a study of four New England genealogies which demonstrated that, among 1,890 women born between 1675 and 1874, those who died postmenopausally had greater inclusive fitness than those who died premenopausally. The finding that females with postmenopausal longevity also had greater fertility may represent age-independent improvement in survival. A theory for evolution of the menopause is advanced, based on the observation that population growth via decreased birth spacing among mobile hominid groups would be enhanced by the presence of postreproductives who served as infantcarriers.
The basis suppression method

The Basis Suppression algorithm is a simplex-based procedure which allows the efficient extension of current special structure algorithms to problems of special structure except for a single complicating side variable. A basis free of the complicating variable is maintained in this algorithm. Various properties of the algorithm are presented, including a proof of convergence. Computational effectiveness is discussed and has been verified by using the procedure to solve the maximal concurrent flow problem.
Explaining implementation behaviour of the National Incident Management System (NIMS)

This paper explains the perceived implementation behaviour of counties in the United States with respect to the National Incident Management System (NIMS). The system represents a massive and historic policy mandate designed to restructure, standardise and thereby unify the efforts of a wide variety of emergency management entities. Specifically, this study examined variables identified in the NIMS and policy literature that might influence the behavioural intentions and actual behaviour of counties. It found that three key factors limit or promote how counties intend to implement NIMS and how they actually implement the system: policy characteristics related to NIMS, implementer views and a measure of local capacity. One additional variable-inter-organisational characteristics-was found to influence only actual behaviour. This study's findings suggest that the purpose underlying NIMS may not be fulfilled and confirm what disaster research has long suggested: the potential for standardisation in emergency management is limited.
Heterochronic parabiosis for the study of the effects of aging on stem cells and their niches.

Aging is unmistakable and undeniable in mammals. Interestingly, mice develop cataracts, muscle atrophy, osteoporosis, obesity, diabetes and cognitive deficits after just 2–3 postnatal years, while it takes seven or more decades for the same age-specific phenotypes to develop in humans. Thus, chronological age corresponds differently with biological age in metazoan species and although many theories exist, we do not understand what controls the rate of mammalian aging. One interesting idea is that species-specific rate of aging represents a ratio of tissue attrition to tissue regeneration. Furthermore, current findings suggest that the age-imposed biochemical changes in the niches of tissue stem cells inhibit performance of this regenerative pool, which leads to the decline of tissue maintenance and repair. If true, slowing down stem cell and niche aging, thereby promoting tissue regeneration, could slow down the process of tissue and organismal aging. In this regard, recent studies of heterochronic parabi...
Immuno-Pathogenesis of Periodontal Disease: Current and Emerging Paradigms

Periodontal disease (PD) is a highly complex disease involving many factors; however, two principal facets central to initiation and progression of the majority of PD are the composition of the microbes in the sub-gingival plaque, and the host immune response to these organisms. Numerous studies point to the complexity of PD, and to the fact that despite innate and adaptive immune activation, and resultant inflammation, our immune response fails to cure disease. Stunning new findings have begun to clarify several complexities of the host-pathogen interaction of PD pointing to key roles for microbial dysboisis and immune imbalance in the pathogenesis of disease. Furthermore, these investigations have identified novel translational opportunities to intercede in PD treatment. In this review we will highlight a select few recent findings in innate and adaptive immunity, and host pathogen interactions of PD at a micro-environmental level that may have profound impact on PD progression.
Intravitreal triamcinolone in subfoveal recurrence of choroidal neovascularisation after laser treatment in macular degeneration

Background: Laser treatment of extrafoveal well delineated choroidal neovascularisation in exudative age related macular degeneration has a high rate of failure with subsequent severe vision loss from subfoveal involvement. Laser treatment may limit scotoma size, but is unpalatable because of early persistent vision loss. Intravitreal triamacinolone injection may be an acceptable alternative therapy in such disparate cases. Methods: 14 consecutive patients with recurrent neovascularisation were treated with a single 4.0 mg injection of triamacinolone and followed for up to 1 year. Visual results were compared with published data from the Macular Photocoagulation Study of recurrent neovascularisation. Results: Mean visual acuity remained stable at about 20/200 throughout the study period in the treated patients. This is comparable to the outcomes in the Macular Photocoagulation Study for laser retreated patients, and better than the observation group. Conclusions: Intravitreal triamcinolone may be an acceptable treatment of subfoveal recurrent neovascularisation while avoiding early persistent vision loss from laser retreatment.
Spectroscopic and vibrational analysis of the methoxypsoralen system: A comparative experimental and theoretical study

Abstract Raman spectra measurements and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to investigate three psoralens: 5-amino-8-methoxypsoralen (5-A-8-MOP), 5-methoxypsoralen (5-MOP) and 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) with the aim of differentiating these similar bioactive molecules. The Raman spectra were recorded in the region 300–3500 cm −1 . All three psoralens were found to have similar Raman spectrum in the region 1500–1650 cm −1 . 5-A-8-MOP can be easily differentiated from 5-MOP or 8-MOP based on the Raman spectrum. The Raman spectrum differences at 651 and 795 cm −1 can be used to identify 5-MOP from 8-MOP. The theoretically computed vibrational frequencies and relative peak intensities were compared with experimental data. DFT calculations using the B3LYP method and 6-311++G(d,p) basis set were found to yield results that are very comparable to experimental Raman spectra. Detailed vibrational assignments were performed with DFT calculations and the potential energy distribution (PED) obtained from the Vibrational Energy Distribution Analysis (VEDA) program.
Analysis of trivalent cation complexation to functionalized mesoporous silica using solid-state NMR spectroscopy.

Functionalized mesoporous silica has applications in separations science, catalysis, and sensors. In this work, we studied the fundamental interactions of trivalent cations with functionalized mesoporous silica. We contacted trivalent cations of varying ionic radii with N-[5-(trimethoxysilyl)-2-aza-1-oxopentyl]caprolactam functionalized mesoporous silica with the aim of probing the binding mechanism of the metal to the surface of the solid. We studied the functionalized silica using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy before and after contact with the metals of interest. We collected NMR spectra of the various metals, as well as of 29Si and 13C to probe the silica substrate and the ligand properties, respectively. The NMR spectra indicate that the metals bind to the functionalized silica via two mechanisms. Aluminum sorbed to both the silica and the ligand, but with different coordination for each. Scandium also sorbed to both the silica and the ligand, and unlike the aluminum, had the same coordination number. Additionally, the functionalized silica was susceptible to acid hydrolysis and two primary mechanisms of degradation were observed: detachment from the silica surface and opening of the seven-membered ring in the ligand. Opening of the seven-membered ring may be beneficial in that it decreases steric hindrance of the molecule for binding.
Understanding health behavior and speaking out on the uninsured: two leadership opportunities.

The author reviews the growth of managed care and its transforming effect on academic medical centers. He then maintains that in this time of fundamental changes and stress, academic medical centers should not only attend to the organization and financing of the clinical enterprise and the enhancement of biomedical research capacity, but also ask how academic medicine can live up to the unique opportunities and responsibilities it has been entrusted with to improve the health of the public, particularly in two neglected areas. First, if the nation does not expand the research agenda to include social and behavioral factors involved in preventable causes of morbidity and mortality, it will fail to maximize the dividends from the generous public investment in research and fail to learn how to promote healthy personal behavior. Academic medicine can promote such behavior by increasing the science base of prevention and translating into action what is already known, including how to market that knowledge so the public will respond. Second, the number of the medically uninsured is increasing; the largest percentage are the working poor. It is becoming more difficult for teaching hospitals to continue providing a third of the nation's uncompensated care. The author shares a variety of statistics about the uninsured and their care, and maintains that academic medicine, which has been entrusted with the health of the public, can declare that the high number of the uninsured is not acceptable and is a dangerous side effect of the U.S. health care system that must be treated. Doing so will also set an example to medical students and trainees that medicine's responsibility is to all Americans.
The Lichen Flora of East Anacapa Island, Channel Islands National Park, Ventura County, California

Abstract. Forty-three lichens in twenty-six genera are recorded for East Anacapa as well as four lichenicolous fungi in three genera and one allied fungus.
Kindling in developing rats: persistence of seizures into adulthood.

Abstract The effects of kindling induced in developing rat pups were re-examined when the rats reached maturity. Eighteen-day-old rats, implanted with bipolar electrodes, were separated into the following 4 groups: the fully kindled group consisted of pups that developed generalized convulsions; the partially kindled group of pups that consistently displayed afterdischarges and occasionally behavioral focal seizures; the afterdischarge group of pups in which the afterdischarge threshold was measured and the non-stimulated group of pups implanted but not stimulated. Subsequently, the electrodes were removed and the rats were allowed to grow. At 65–70 days, the surviving rats and age matched controls were rekindled. The vulnerability to kindled convulsions at maturity, as expressed by the kindling rates, correlated directly with the severity of previous kindled seizures, but did not correlate with the presence of long standing gliotic lesions. These findings suggest that the neural alterations evoked by kindling persist and are not modified by the dynamic changes that occur with growth.
The hospital pharmacist: an integral part of the hyperglycaemic management team

Summary Background and objective: To identify the many roles of the hospital pharmacist in improving the health and outcomes for in-patients experiencing episodes of hyperglycaemia. Methods: Information for this article was selected from articles found on MEDLINE between 1998 and 2008 on the topics of hospital management of hyperglycaemia and type 2 diabetes. The article was further developed according to the clinical experiences of the author. Results: When discussing the identification and treatment of hyperglycaemia in hospitalized patients, it is important to include the many aspects of glycaemic control that can be provided by hospital pharmacists. These include tasks such as patient screening and identification, monitoring glycaemic parameters, documenting therapy and therapeutic end points, and evaluating prescribing habits. Risk evaluation, guideline implementation, and a coordinated multi-disciplinary approach to discharge planning can be used to improve diabetes management by incorporating the entire hospital health-care team in patient care and education. Conclusions: Hospital pharmacists should develop and implement protocolized care for the management of patients with hyperglycaemia throughout the institution in order to optimize the efficacy and safety of insulin therapy.
CONTROL OF EQUINE INFECTIOUS ANEMIA VIRUS IS NOT DEPENDENT ON ADCC MEDIATING ANTIBODIES

Horses infected with equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) have recurrent episodes of viremia which are eventually controlled, but the immune mechanisms have not been identified. Antibodies were detected to the surface of EIAV-infected cells within 1 month postinfection and remained for at least 3.5 years postinfection. These antibodies recognized cell surface-exposed envelope (Env) glycoproteins, but could not mediate antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) using EIAV-WSU5-infected equine kidney (EK) cells as targets and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) as effector cells. Furthermore, purified IgG antibodies from horses infected with either EIAV-WSU5 or EIAV-Wyo did not mediate ADCC of infected target cells. Armed effector cells could not be detected in infected horse blood nor could effector cells be prearmed by incubation with serum antibodies to cell surface antigens. The use of EIAV-WSU5-infected equine macrophages as target cells did not result in ADCC. In contrast, serum antibody from EHV-1 vaccinated horses and PBMC or PMN as effector cells caused ADCC of EHV-1-infected EK cells. These results indicate that ADCC is not involved in the control of EIAV in carrier horses.
On the asymmetric diurnal tide

The response of the atmosphere to a diurnally oscillating thermal drive, asymmetric with respect to the equator, is investigated. It is found that the solutions ofLaplace's tidal equation do not form a complete set; all of them being orthogonal to the associated Legendre polynomial,P 2 1 (cos Θ), Θ being the latitude. As an extension ofLaplace's theorem for gravitationally excited ocean tides to thermally driven atmospheric tides, it is shown that a diurnal drive whose latitude dependence is given byP 2 1 gives rise to no surface pressure oscillation.
An in vivo investigation of wear in animal joints.

Abstract This study represents a pilot investigation for the feasibility of inducing mechanical wear in the joints of live animals under controlled laboratory conditions. The patella joint of the rat is considered in the investigation. The apparatus developed by Seireg and Kempke (1969) for the application of the cyclic motion to one tibia while the other remains immobile, is modified to provide controlled static compressive loads to the joint subjected to the cyclic motion. The other leg remains unloaded and stationary for comparison. Nine rats are tested at three different levels of static compressive load on the joint and the results demonstrate considerable changes in the surface conditions, temperature and mineral content.
Impenetrable Bodies/Disappearing Bodies: Fat American Celebrities, Lean Indigenous People, and Multinational Pharmaceuticals in the Battle to Claim Hoodia gordonii

Products claiming to contain Hoodia gordonii have, over the 2000s, flooded the American marketplace; advertisements for dozens of brands promise to convert millions of ordinary American bodies into leaner, more desirable bodies. These products promise to erase cravings leading to overconsumption and aid the consumer in shedding the baggage of modernity. The marketplace success, evidenced by the proliferation of products claiming to contain Hoodia, is not because these products claim to accomplish what all diet programs and products do; if Hoodia assisted simple weight loss, it would not have as powerful a place in the American imaginary: all other diet aids claim the same thing. Hoodia's mythic status is achieved because the narrative surrounding the Southern African succulent touches something deeper in the American psyche: marketing strategies connect themselves with the powerful desire to return, at least symbolically and temporarily, to prelapsarian, Edenic locations, where magical consumables promisi...
Charging Quenches Multiple Exciton Generation in Semiconductor Nanocrystals: First-Principles Calculations on Small PbSe Clusters

We demonstrate using symmetry adapted cluster theory with configuration interaction (SAC-CI) that charging of small PbSe nanocrystals (NCs) greatly modifies their electronic states and optical excitations. Conduction and valence band transitions that are not available in neutral NCs dominate low energy electronic excitations and show weak optical activity. At higher energies these transitions mix with both single excitons (SEs) and multiple excitons (MEs) associated with transitions across the band-gap. As a result, both SEs and MEs are significantly blue-shifted, and ME generation is drastically hampered. The overall contribution of MEs to the electronic excitations of the charged NCs is small even at very high energies. The calculations support the recent view that the observed strong dependence of the ME yields on the experimental conditions is likely due to the effects of NC charging.
A lived informatics model of personal informatics

Current models of how people use personal informatics systems are largely based in behavior change goals. They do not adequately characterize the integration of self-tracking into everyday life by people with varying goals. We build upon prior work by embracing the perspective of lived informatics to propose a new model of personal informatics. We examine how lived informatics manifests in the habits of self-trackers across a variety of domains, first by surveying 105, 99, and 83 past and present trackers of physical activity, finances, and location and then by interviewing 22 trackers regarding their lived informatics experiences. We develop a model characterizing tracker processes of deciding to track and selecting a tool, elaborate on tool usage during collection, integration, and reflection as components of tracking and acting, and discuss the lapsing and potential resuming of tracking. We use our model to surface underexplored challenges in lived informatics, thus identifying future directions for personal informatics design and research.
Stimulated resonance Raman spectroscopy: An alternative to laser-rf double resonance for ion spectroscopy.

Stimulated resonance Raman spectroscopy is presented as an alternative to laser-rf double resonance for obtaining high-precision measurements in ion beams. By use of a single-phase modulated laser beam to derive the two required fields, the laser--ion-beam alignment is significantly simplified. In addition, this method is especially useful in the low-frequency regime where the laser-rf double-resonance method encounters difficulties due to modifications of the ion-beam velocity distribution. These modifications, which result from interaction with the traveling rf wave used to induce magnetic dipole transitions, are observed and quantitatively modeled.
Early Infant Diet and the Omega 3 Fatty Acid DHA: Effects on Resting Cardiovascular Activity and Behavioral Development During the First Half-Year of Life

This investigation evaluated variations in resting heart rate (HR) measures during the first half year of life in healthy, full-term infants who were either breast-fed (BF), or fed formula with (milk-based: MF; soy-based: SF) or without (soy-based: SF(-)) commercially supplemented DHA (decosahexaenoic acid). In infants fed the DHA-deficient diet, higher HR and lower values for heart rate variability measures were observed, indicating decreased parasympathetic tone in this group. These effects, appearing at 4 months and continuing for the remainder of the study period, are consistent with suggestions that the 3-5-month postnatal interval may be an important period in the development of cardiovascular regulation. The absence of these effects in SF infants receiving the DHA-supplemented formula suggests that neither soy protein nor the associated phytochemicals in soy formula contribute to these effects to any appreciable extent. In general, the results do not indicate differences in any of the study variables attributable to soy formula per se.
Primary structure and tissue distribution of two novel proline-rich γ-carboxyglutamic acid proteins

Two human cDNAs that encode novel vitamin K-dependent proteins have been cloned and sequenced. The predicted amino acid sequences suggest that both are single-pass transmembrane proteins with amino-terminal γ-carboxyglutamic acid-containing domains preceded by the typical propeptide sequences required for posttranslational γ-carboxylation of glutamic acid residues. The polypeptides, with deduced molecular masses of 23 and 17 kDa, are proline-rich within their putative cytoplasmic domains and contain several copies of the sequences PPXY and PXXP, motifs found in a variety of signaling and cytoskeletal proteins. Accordingly, these two proteins have been called proline-rich Gla proteins (PRGP1 and PRGP2). Unlike the γ-carboxyglutamic acid domain-containing proteins of the blood coagulation cascade, the two PRGPs are expressed in a variety of extrahepatic tissues, with PRGP1 and PRGP2 most abundantly expressed in the spinal cord and thyroid, respectively, among those tissues tested. Thus, these observations suggest a novel physiological role for these two new members of the vitamin K-dependent family of proteins.
Operations Management: Is There a Disconnect between Journal Article Content and Employer Needs?.

The authors sought to determine whether topics researched by academicians in the field of operations management were aligned with the knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) employers were seeking from potential employees. Twenty-eight research topics were identified in the operations management literature and were compared to the KSAs derived from 200 online job postings. Ultimately, six research topics were found to be aligned with the KSAs employers were seeking, 10 topics were underrepresented, and 12 topics were overrepresented.
RADIOMETRIC CALORIMETRY: A REVIEW

Abstract Calorimetric applications and instrumentation in nuclear science and technology are reviewed, primarily for the period since 1949. Principles of calorimetry are discussed; applications are categorized as measurement of radionuclides, gamma or particle beams, local absorbed dose from gamma fields and reactor radiations.
Circular dichroism of erbium(III) in trigonal Na3[Er(oxydiacetate)3] · 2NaClO4·6H2O☆

Abstract Spectra, energy levels and optical transition intensities are reported for single crystals of Na 3 [Er(oxydiacetate) 3 ]·2NaClO 4 ·6H 2 O at temperatures of 10–295 K. The assigned energy levels are analyzed in terms of a 26-parameter electronic hamiltonian in which six of the parameters are defined to represent the 4f-electron-crystal-field interactions for Er 3+ at sites of D 3 symmetry. Quantitatively determined line strengths are reported for crystal-field-resolved transitions of Na 3 [Er(oxydiacetate) 3 ]·2NaClO 4 ·6H 2 O at 10 K. These intensity data are analyzed in terms of a 13-parameter expression for 4f → 4f transition dipole strengths.
Evaluation of base‐stock policies in multiechelon inventory systems with compound‐poisson demands

This article analyzes a model of a multiechelon inventory system: The exogenous demands form independent compound-Poisson processes. Each location follows a base-stock policy. The transit times between locations may be stochastic. Instead of assuming independent transit times, we follow an approach closer to the standard treatment of single-location models. We develop procedures to compute steady-state performance measures, including average backorders and average inventories. The model and the analysis generalize those of Svoronos and Zipkin, who treat the case of pure Poisson demands.
Chlorophyll b in the eastern North Pacific Ocean

Abstract Chlorophyll b concentrations were estimated in areas of the eastern North Pacific Ocean using a high pressure liquid chromatography system. The pigment was clearly detected in 72% of the samples analyzed, but its concentration is relatively low compared to chlorophyll a. Chlorophyll b/a ratios were less than 0.02, 0.06, and 0.09 in 51, 79, and 95% of the samples, respectively. At these ratios, the error in chlorophyll a estimates using the fluorometric technique is less than 5%.
Visualization of degradable worm micelle breakdown in relation to drug release

Abstract Spherical micelles and spherical vesicles have been extensively studied as carriers of hydrophobic drugs, but highly elongated polymer-based worm micelles might also serve the same purpose if release mechanisms are integrated. Degradable amphiphilic copolymers of poly(ethylene oxide)-block-polycaprolactone, PEO-b-PCL, are labeled here with hydrophobic dye and shown by fluorescence microscopy to assemble into highly flexible worm micelles. Degradation-induced morphological transitions from worms to spheres are quantitated in terms of decreasing contour lengths. The hydrophobic core of PCL can carry hydrophobic drugs in addition to dyes, as illustrated here by loading efficiency, storage, and degradation-coupled release of a model hydrophobic anti-cancer drug, taxol. From this, it can be estimated that single worm micelle about 10 μm long is additionally estimated to carry and release enough taxol to kill a single cell. The transition-coupled release is explained in part by the fact that worms have a larger volume-to-area ratio compared to spheres of the same radius.
Microstructure and coarsening kinetics of Ni3Ge precipitates in aged NiGe alloys

The decomposition of supersaturated NiGe alloys containing 14.54, 14.97 or 15.44wt.%Ge was investigated at 700 °C. Transmission electron microscopy was used to measure the average particle sizes and particle size distributions, and magnetic analysis was used to measure the reduction of supersaturation with aging time. Coherent precipitates of Ni3Ge with the ordered L12 crystal structure were present from the earliest aging times (10 min) in all three alloys. The average particle size increases with aging time,t, ast1/3 within the limits of experimental error, consistent with growth by diffusion-controlled coarsening. The particle size distributions are slightly broader than the theoretical distribution of the Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner theory. The kinetics of the depletion of supersaturation with aging time area at least consistent with the predictedt−1/3 time law, although the scatter in the data was quite large. There does not appear to be any effect of volume fraction on the coarsening behavior over the range off′γ investigated (0.18–0.27). The values of the interfacial free energy, σ, and diffusion coefficient of Ge in Ni, D, derived from the data were85.2 ± 37.5mJ m−2 and2.00 ± 0.48 × 10−13cm2s−1, respectively. The large standard deviations are due to uncertainties in the measurements of the kinetics of solute depletion of the matrix. The equilibrium solubility of Ge in the matrix at 700 °C is12.81 ± 0.07wt.% (10.62 ± 0.06 at.%, which is slightly smaller than previously reported values. The Ni3Ge precipitates are spherical at small sizes and become increasingly cuboidal as they grow. Spatial correlations that lead to rafting in Ni-base alloys containing misfitting γ′ precipitates are evident in NiGe alloys as well. However, the spatial correlations do not appear to be as strong, and the cuboidal morphology not as pronounced, as might be expected solely on the basis of the relatively large lattice misfit (δ ≈ 0.0064) in this alloy. Possible reasons for this behavior are discussed.
Direct catecholaminergic-cholinergic interactions in the basal forebrain. III. Adrenergic innervation of choline acetyltransferase-containing neurons in the rat.

The central adrenergic neurons have been suggested to play a role in the regulation of arousal and in the neuronal control of the cardiovascular system. To provide morphological evidence that these functions could be mediated via the basal forebrain, we performed correlated light and electron microscopic double-immunolabeling experiments using antibodies against phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) and choline acetyltransferase, the synthesizing enzymes for adrenaline and acetylcholine, respectively. Most adrenergic/cholinergic appositions were located in the horizontal limb of diagonal band of Broca, within the substantia innominata, and in a narrow band bordering the substantia innominata and the globus pallidus. Quantitative analysis indicated that cholinergic neurons of the substantia innominata receive significantly higher numbers of adrenergic appositions than cholinergic cells in the rest of the basal forebrain. In the majority of cases, the ultrastructural analysis revealed axodendritic asymmetric synapses. By comparing the number and distribution of dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH)/cholinergic appositions, described earlier, with those of PNMT/cholinergic interactions in the basal forebrain, it can be concluded that a significant proportion of putative DBH/cholinergic contacts may represent adrenergic input. Our results support the hypothesis that the adrenergic/cholinergic link in the basal forebrain may represent a critical component of a central network coordinating autonomic regulation with cortical activation.
Public Health Risk of Arsenic Contamination at a Public Park in Deer Lodge, Montana

This paper reports an effort by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) to identify whether the arsenic soil concentrations in a public park in Montana were a health concern fo...
Information recovery through image sequence fusion under wavelet transformation

Remote sensing is widely applied to provide information of areas with limited ground access with applications such as to assess the destruction from natural disasters and to plan relief and recovery operations. However, the data collection of aerial digital images is constrained by bad weather, atmospheric conditions, and unstable camera or camcorder. Therefore, how to recover the information from the low-quality remote sensing images and how to enhance the image quality becomes very important for many visual understanding tasks, such like feature detection, object segmentation, and object recognition. The quality of remote sensing imagery can be improved through meaningful combination of the employed images captured from different sensors or from different conditions through information fusion. Here we particularly address information fusion to remote sensing images under multi-resolution analysis in the employed image sequences. The image fusion is to recover complete information by integrating multiple images captured from the same scene. Through image fusion, a new image with high-resolution or more perceptive for human and machine is created from a time series of low-quality images based on image registration between different video frames.
Fluctuations in Intra-Pair Calling Across Breeding Phases in Northern Mockingbirds (Mimus Polyglottos)

When in close proximity, mated mockingbirds (Mimus polyglottos) often exchange a broad band "hew" call. The call is also produced by lone males and females. I observed single hew production and intra-pair hew exchange across three breeding conditions: when adults were only feeding young, when the male was nest building with no young present, and when the male was nest building in the presence of young still being fed by the pair. Fewer calls of either type were produced during nest construction, and the relative frequency of each call pattern differed among breeding conditions. The percentage of pair interactions with hew exchange dropped while pairs were nest building, while the percentage of interactions accompanied by single hews increased during nest construction. Moreover, when only one member of the pair called (single hews), it was almost always the female. During nest building with young present, more pair interactions were accompanied by hew exchange than when pairs built in the absence of young, and in pairs nest building with young present, the number of hew exchanges per 60 min was positively correlated with brood size. Patterns of behavioural interaction between males and females also differed across the three breeding conditions. While feeding young, males approached females more than females approached males, and during nest building, males departed from females more than the reverse. Moreover, the responses of each sex were affected by breeding phase. Females departed first more while feeding than while nest building, and males approached first more while feeding than while nest building. More follows occurred during nest construction than during feeding, and females followed males somewhat more during nest building than during feeding. These data suggest that 1) hews directed within the pair reflect intra-pair aggression; 2) a drop in hew exchange may signal increased readiness to renest; 3) males may be ready to renest before females, who continue to call after males stop; and 4) readiness to renest may be affected by the presence of dependent young.
Clinician Satisfaction With Computer Decision Support in the Intensive Care Unit

Abstract : The purpose of this study was to determine baseline user satisfaction for 2 computer decision support systems (DSSs) with demonstrated improvement in patient outcome used in a burn intensive care unit. We conducted a survey of staff members of a 16 bed burn intensive care unit (n = 82) using a written, anonymous questionnaire to determine satisfaction for 2 DSSs: a commercial glycemic management system and software program to guide initial burn fluid resuscitation. Staff members are no yet convinced of a positive correlation between DSS technology and patient outcomes. We suggest user satisfaction may be generally improved for DSS with concentration in the areas of interface, information, and communication.
Evidence of between-population variation in morphology and thermal plasticity of agonistic behavior in two genetically distinct populations of steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Morphological and behavioral traits affect an individual’s fitness and can reflect both evolutionary adaptations and phenotypic responses to environmental conditions. We conducted a reciprocal transplant ‘common garden’ experiment at two temperature regimes to test for phenotypic plasticity in morphological and behavioral traits between and within two populations of steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss from Hood Canal, WA, USA. The Dewatto River and Duckabush River populations exhibited asymmetric changes in body morphology in response to the two temperature regimes, suggesting both between- and within-population variation in morphological plasticity. In most cases, within population variation in body shapes was less than between temperature regimes. Most notably the populations differed in dorso-ventral and caudal regions, body depth, and head shape, with some differences on the anterior-posterior placement of the dorsal and ventral fins. The warm temperature regime caused more exploratory behavior, more charging behavior, and higher fin erosion, and population effects included slight differences in feeding aggression frequency. Morphology appeared to vary more between populations than between temperature regimes, and behavioral traits varied more between temperature regimes than between populations. Morphological variation may reflect adaptations to variation in freshwater habitat conditions, and both populations show behavioral plasticity in response to temperature. This study sheds new light on the role of genetic and environmental influence on morphology and behavior in juvenile steelhead.
Experimental analysis on strength and failure modes of wood beam-column connections

This research experimentally examined the strength, failure modes, and behaviors of dowel-bearing and fiber-bearing wood beam-column connections and explored the effects of cyclic loading on the strength, failure modes, and behaviors of those connections. Base on limited numbers of exploratory laboratory tests (6 preliminary tests in total), the authors observed that the typical bolted connection (dowel-bearing type wood beam-column connection with fiberbearing surfaces) showed good behavior (large peak moment) under the monotonic loads, and the tenon joint connection (fiber-bearing wood beam-column connection) showed good behavior under cyclic loads. The cyclic property of loading reduced the strength of the dowel-bearing type wood beam-column connections, but increased the strength of fiberbearing type wood beam-column connections. More importantly, the authors identified a possible location of safety concern in current national design specifications (NDS) standards for the typical bolted connection (dowel-bearing connection with fiber bearing surface) under cyclic loading because the tested value was smaller than the NDS calculated value. But, because of the small amount of tests conducted, no final conclusion can be drawn based on those preliminary observations yet. A large number of repetitive laboratory tests should be conducted.
Divisible good auctions: the role of allocation rules

We examine the role of allocation rules in determining the set of equilibrium prices in uniform- price auctions. Beginning with Wilson (1979), the theoretical literature has argued that these auctions are subject to possible low equilibrium prices. We show that this is due to the way the asset is being divided. We focus on allocation rules that specify the way the asset is divided in cases of excess demand. This may have a dramatic effect on the set of equilibrium prices. In particular, we show that a simple allocation rule (pro rata) eliminates underpricing, while the allocation rule used in practice has a negative effect on equilibrium prices.
Prospects for virus-based gene therapy for cystic fibrosis

Gene therapy for cystic fibrosis (CF) could potentially be accomplished with one of several recombinant virus vectors, including a murine retrovirus (MMuLV), adenovirus, or adeno-associated virus (AAV). All these vectors take advantage of their respective viruses' mechanisms for delivery of viral DNA to cells, evasion of lyosomal degradation, and optimization of the levels and duration of expression of viral (or vector) DNA. Each has its own unique life cycle, however. The differences among these viruses result in certain advantages and disadvantages, such as the requirement of retroviruses for active cell division, and the potential pathogenic effects from expression of certain adenovirus genes present in adenovectors. While no single vector may be optimal for CF gene therapy in humans, new techniques, such as receptor-mediated gene transfer, seek to take advantage of the desirable properties of one or more of the virus-based systems while avoiding certain potential hazards.