cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Relationships Among Digestible Energy Intake, Body Weight, and Body Condition in Mature Idle Horses

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationships among digestible energy (DE) intake, body weight (BW), and body condition score (BCS) in lean/moderate condition horses. The feed intake of 35 Quarter Horses (age 5.3 ± 1.2 years; BW 462 ± 39 kg; BCS 4.5 ± 0.5) was recorded daily over three, 42-day feeding trials. Horses were offered 1.75–2.00 kg DM/100 kg BW in Orchard grass hay and 0.2 kg/100 kg BW in whole oats. Body weight and BCS were recorded biweekly. Daily DE intake was calculated according to Pagan and recorded as the amount fed minus any refusal. The daily kilogram intake was multiplied by the DE (Mcal/kg) content of the feed to equal the total calories per day. The mean within-horse ΔBW and ΔBCS from 0 to 42 days of each trial were evaluated using paired t tests. Trial 1 horses consumed 24.5 Mcal/d and BW increased ( P P = .009) by 8 ± 3 kg and BCS tended to increase ( P = .06) by 0.5 ± 0.5. Trial 3 horses consumed 25.7 Mcal/d and BW and BCS increased ( P
Do ecological communities disperse across biogeographic barriers as a unit

Biogeographic barriers have long been implicated as drivers of biological diversification, but how these barriers influence co-occurring taxa can vary depending on factors intrinsic to the organism and in their relationships with other species. Due to the interdependence among taxa, ecological communities present a compelling opportunity to explore how interactions among species may lead to a shared response to historical events. Here we collect single nucleotide polymorphism data from five commensal arthropods associated with the Sarracenia alata carnivorous pitcher plant, and test for codiversification across the Mississippi River, a major biogeographic barrier in the southeastern United States. Population genetic structure in three of the ecologically dependent arthropods mirrors that of the host pitcher plant, with divergence time estimates suggesting two of the species (the pitcher plant moth Exyra semicrocea and a flesh fly Sarcophaga sarraceniae) dispersed synchronously across this barrier along with the pitcher plant. Patterns in population size and genetic diversity suggest the plant and ecologically dependent arthropods dispersed from east to west across the Mississippi River. In contrast, species less dependent on the plant ecologically show discordant phylogeographic patterns. This study demonstrates that ecological relationships may be an important predictor of codiversification, and supports recent suggestions that organismal trait data should be prominently featured in comparative phylogeographic investigations.
Basic Academic Theories of Leadership

Over time one or more theories has occupied a prominent place in academic leadership research. While leadership constructs may manifest differently in specific contexts, trust usually is a part of any specific theory, either explicitly or implicitly. Categorizing pure academic leadership theories may not be a realistic strategy to understand effective leadership since most behaviors of effective leaders are a mix of academic leadership theories so that lines become too blurred to use a specific academic theory as a recipe for leadership. Nevertheless, due to the pervasive use of categorized theories of leadership in the literature, they are discussed in this chapter by leadership typology.
The machines are coming: future directions in instructional communication research

Education has long involved the use of machines, ranging from calculators, to computers, to multimedia presentation systems, to mobile phones. Yet, the central players in education—teachers and stu...
Fog micro service market: Promoting fog computing using free market mechanism

Fog computing is proposed to mitigate cloud micro services, such as IoT gateway or AR data cache, from the centralized cloud to nearby base station (BS) or devices. The mobile users' devices can access service from nearby devices directly through Device to Device (D2D) communications. However, the incentive of devices to provide micro service is a challenge since the devices would spend their storage, computation, and energy resource. In this paper, we propose Fog Micro Service Market Game (FoMG), a game-theoretic framework to promote Fog computing in Fog-enabled cellular system on mobile devices through free market mechanism. The mobile users may decide the micro services they are going to rent (renting strategy) and the price of the services (pricing strategy) freely. The optimal strategy and Nash equilibrium of FoMG are derived through proposed algorithms. The simulation results showed that the overall system utility can be significantly improved through the proposed system.
Iterative refinement of point correspondences for 3D statistical shape models

Statistical atlases of bone anatomy are traditionally constructed with point-based models. These methods establish initial point correspondences across the population of shapes and model variations in the shapes using a variety of statistical tools. A drawbacks of such methods is that initial point correspondences are not updated after their first establishment. This paper proposes an iterative method for refining point correspondences for statistical atlases. The statistical model is used to estimate the direction of "pull" along the surface and consistency checks are used to ensure that illegal shapes are not generated. Our method is much faster that previous methods since it does not rely on computationally expensive deformable registration. It is also generalizable and can be used with any statististical model. We perform experiments on a human pelvis atlas consisting of 110 healthy patients and demonstrate that the method can be used to re-estimate point correspondences which reduce the hausdorff distance from 3.2mm to 2.7mm and the surface error from 1.6mm to 1.4mm for PCA modelling with 20 modes.
Application of a radiosensitivity flow assay in a patient with DNA ligase 4 deficiency

DNA ligase 4 deficiency (LIG4-SCID) causes lymphopenia (T-B-NK+) and a radiosensitive SCID (RS-SCID) phenotype. We demonstrate, for the first time, flow cytometric-based kinetic analysis of phosphorylated H2AX (γH2AX) in lymphocyte subsets, especially NK cells, for the assessment of LIG4-SCID. Measurement of phosphorylated (p) ATM, SMC1, and H2AX (γH2AX) was performed by flow cytometry to assess DNA repair defects in a 3-year-old girl. Functional assessment (phosphorylation) was measured in T and NK cells (B cells were absent) before irradiation (background control) or after low-dose (2Gy) irradiation (1 and 24 hours). We observed maximal γH2AX at 1 hour postirradiation, with dephosphorylation at 24 hours postirradiation in healthy control patients. The patient showed normal frequencies (percentage) of T cells and NK cells for γH2AX, but increased levels of γH2AX compared with control patients at 1 hour postirradiation. At 24 hours postirradiation, there was a lack of dephosphorylation in a substantial proportion of lymphocytes (with differences observed between T and NK cells) compared with healthy control patients. Although there was dephosphorylation of γH2AX at 24 hours in patient lymphocytes compared with 1 hour, the amount remained elevated at 24 hours compared with in control patients. The data from pATM and pSMC1 were uninformative. Flow-based kinetic analysis of γH2AX is a useful marker for the diagnosis of LIG4-SCID.
Advancing Identity: Classical East and South Meet the West

Jing Yin’s brilliant analysis of the narrowness of postmodernism is a contribution to broadening the discourse on identity and agency. As one who has examined the nature of identity in African cont...
Measuring Institutional Efficiencies in Producing Student Outputs for Legal Education

Legal education relies heavily on the American Bar Association and U.S. News and World Report to monitor law schools and hold them accountable as an accreditor and to the public. However, the metrics favored by these organizations were found to produce poor measures of institutional efficiency using frontier analyses to examine the educational production-function. Once controlling for institutional focus, efficiency scores improved, but still fell short of expectations. This finding suggests that the metrics favored by the ABA and USNWR are not accurately capturing institutional performance and should be revisited to more precisely understand academic, financial, and employment operations. Future research should build upon this finding by deconstructing the current reporting and ranking structures in order to develop a stronger tool for holding institutions accountable to their mission through improved access, affordability, and transparency.
Preventing summer reading loss for students in poverty: a comparison of tutoring and access to books

The purpose of this study was to determine if reading achievement of students from high-poverty US schools differs as a function of participation in summer tutoring versus access to books. Data fro...
Differential Data Quality Verification on Partitioned Data

Modern companies and institutions rely on data to guide every single decision. Missing or incorrect information seriously compromises any decision process. In previous work, we presented Deequ, a Spark-based library for automating the verification of data quality at scale. Deequ provides a declarative API, which combines common quality constraints with user-defined validation code, and thereby enables "unit tests for data". However, we found that the previous computational model of Deequ is not flexible enough for many scenarios in modern data pipelines, which handle large, partitioned datasets. Such scenarios require the evaluation of dataset-level quality constraints after individual partition updates, without having to re-read already processed partitions. Additionally, such scenarios often require the verification of data quality on select combinations of partitions. We therefore present a differential generalization of the computational model of Deequ, based on algebraic states with monoid properties. We detail how to efficiently implement the corresponding operators and aggregation functions in Apache Spark. Furthermore, we show how to optimize the resulting workloads to minimize the required number of passes over the data, and empirically validate that our approach decreases the runtimes for updating data metrics under data changes and for different combinations of partitions.
A reflection on cupping therapy and historical medical dominance

Cupping therapy a traditional Chinese medicine modality has the power to transform pain management and to improve quality of life for people Yet this therapy remains largely underutilized due to scrutiny from medical research communities and the history of medical dominance present This article outlines cupping history and compares it to the development of modern of biomedical treatments Through three primary texts Traditional Chinese Medicine Cupping Therapy written by IIkay Zihni Chirali Trick or Treatment The Undeniable Facts about Alternative Medicine by Simon Singh amp Edzard Ernest and Medical History written by Jacelyn Duffin the practice is described and defended In this article the researcher reframes the concepts of the placebo evidence and medical dominance Additional information about cupping therapy and diagnostics is discussed
Health impact assessment in transport related to children

Abstract Health impact assessment is becoming a common approach to promote health in non-health policies and interventions. Multinational organizations (e.g., World Health Organization) and national authorities encourage the use of health impact assessment as a tool for health in all policies. Health impact assessment has been specially used for transport policies to minimize their risks and maximize health benefits. In the case of transport and childhood, health impact assessment can assess and promote transport policies by introducing health in the decision-making process. This chapter summarizes the recent evidence related to health impact assessment in the context of transport and childhood, describing the key factors to be considered when a plan, program or policy focuses on transport and childhood. Health impact assessment steps are outlined in this chapter highlighting the aspects that need to be taken into account in the context of transport and childhood. This chapter describes health determinants (i.e., physical activity, air pollution, traffic incidents, etc.), health outcomes, qualitative and quantitative assessments, participatory processes, monitoring and evaluation approaches and policy contexts related to transport and childhood. The chapter also presents how health impact assessment can be used by stakeholders especially for policymakers to improve transport and childhood interventions. This chapter finalizes by summarizing the future of health impact assessment in transport and childhood.
TWISTER Hand: Underactuated Robotic Gripper Inspired by Origami Twisted Tower

This article presents a new cable-driven underactuated robotic gripper, called TWISTER Hand. It is designed for adaptable grasping of objects in different shapes, weights, sizes, and textures. Each finger of the gripper is made of a compliant and continuum mechanism inspired by an origami design. This design is converted into a computer-aided design (CAD) model and 3-D printed using flexible and rigid polymer composite materials. Two CAD modeling methods for this design are compared in terms of structural stiffness and durability in the printed outcomes. For each design, two soft materials are used for preliminary evaluation of the material effect in these properties. The best combination of the model and material is selected to fabricate the three fingers of the robotic gripper. Each finger has a single cable routed along the structure. All three cables are tied and actuated simultaneously using a single servo motor to generate closing and opening motions in the gripper. TWISTER Hand's adaptable grasping capability is tested using 36 different objects. The robot's grasping performance under object pose uncertainties is also experimentally tested and analyzed. This compact fully integrated gripper can be attached to a robotic arm for various manipulative tasks.
Deformation Processing of Magnetic Hexaferrites for Hc Maximization Through Grain Growth Control

Variations of compressive hot forging were investigated as a means of improving the magnetic properties of commercial barium and strontium hexaferrites. By selecting the proper combination of hot working conditions an intense texture can be attained while minimizing grain growth, Imrpoved magnetic properties are realized by increased remanence, minimization of the decrease of coercivity, and an increased energy product.
Unravelling a long-lived ligand-to-metal cluster charge transfer state in Ce–TCPP metal organic frameworks

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising photocatalytic materials for solar energy conversion. However, a fundamental understanding of light harvesting and charge separation (CS) dynamics in MOFs remains underexplored, yet they are key factors that determine the efficiency of photocatalysis. Herein, we report the design and CS dynamics of the Ce–TCPP MOF using ultrafast spectroscopic methods.
Multiple cycle chromium poisoning and in-situ electrochemical cleaning of LSM-based solid oxide fuel cell cathodes

Abstract Electrochemical cleaning, a recently proposed mitigation strategy for chromium poisoning in solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) cathodes, involves rapid in-situ removal of Cr2O3 deposits from LSM-YSZ cathodes accompanied by a recovery of a large fraction of the cell performance originally lost due to Cr poisoning. By operating the cell briefly as a solid oxide electrolyzer cell (SOEC), the cleaning method effectively reverses the Cr deposition reactions, reforming Cr-containing vapor species, thereby freeing up electrochemically active sites and restoring cell performance. In practice, this method can be periodically applied to the system after a specified amount of degradation due to chromium poisoning has occurred. The current study investigates the efficacy of this method by cycling a single cell through a stage of accelerated poisoning followed by electrochemical cleaning for a total of three times. Current-voltage measurements demonstrate repeated loss in performance due to Cr poisoning and recovery in performance due to electrochemical cleaning, reinforcing the utility of this cleaning method over the lifetime of the cell operation.
Factors Related to Extended Time Use by College Students With Disabilities

Extended time to complete course examinations is the most commonly provided accommodation to students with disabilities in postsecondary institutions. However, there is a paucity of studies that ex...
On the electrode-elastomer patterns in dielectric elastomer actuator motion

Owing to their intrinsic actuation capability and outstanding electromechanical characteristics, dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) are promising smart materials with the potential to outperform conventional mechanical and electrical actuation systems for certain engineering applications, such as soft robotics and biomedical engineering. As a single-layer, planar DEA produces only one-dimensional deformation, i.e., contraction-expansion, with a moderate actuation force, different actuation mechanisms, such as rolling or stacking DEAs, have been implemented to obtain larger deformations and higher actuation forces. However, these DEA configurations do not alter the fundamental type of thickness-wise deformation. In some applications, DEA’s out-of-plane actuation motion, such as bending, is often desired for effective system operation. Currently, the desired types of DEA deformation are generally attained by implementing additional members or mechanisms using various means, e.g., stiff frames, unimorph or bimorph, multistable structures, preloaded mechanisms. Although the methods above enable DEAs to achieve desired motions, they can considerably constrain deformation and actuation force and mostly require manual assemblies. This paper demonstrates a novel DEA capable of generating the needed range of motions without introducing additional elements within the actuator. This was accomplished by tailoring the electrode-elastomer pattern and thereby deforming the elastomer in the desired manner. Studied DEA design was first developed using theoretical basics about flat capacitors and then verified through finite element analysis. The designed actuator was additively manufactured using a contact microdispensing 3D printer and tested to validate its bending due to the tailored electric field.
Anorectal disease

Most symptomatic internal hemorrhoids, grade 1 through 3, can be treated successfully with office-based procedures. Anorectal suppurative diseases must be treated surgically. Control of sepsis with subsequent fistula surgery as necessary is the goal. New nonoperative methods of anal fissure therapy are directed at reducing anal sphincter pressures. These methods have shown significant reduction in the need for sphincterotomy—a proven surgical technique with some risk of impaired continence. Surgery, using an advancement flap and partial internal sphincterotomy, remains the primary treatment for anal stenosis. Solitary rectal ulcer remains a difficult problem to manage medically and surgically. Multiple surgical techniques can effectively treat rectal prolapse. A minimal technique using Silastic wrap (Wright Medical Technologies; Arlington, TX), perineal resection (Altemeier procedure), and sigmoidectomy-rectopexy, or Ripstein suspension, has been the most favored method in selected patients.
Burden of Proof, Prima Facie Case and Presumption in WTO Dispute Settlement

The essay maintains that the WTO Appellate Body's concepts and terminology concerning a claimant's burden of proof - the concepts of prima facie case, presumption, and burden shifting - are disturbingly ambiguous and potentially misleading. This is so whether one thinks of these terms from either a common law or a civil law perspective. In the face of the current ambiguity, a future panel might understand the AB's prima facie case concept to require an overwhelming level of proof from the claimant. On the other hand, a different panel might allow a rather weak level of claimant's proof to meet the prima facie requirement, and then shift the full burden of proof to the respondent. Neither of these results would be justified. An important task of future AB decisions should be to clarify the existing ambiguity and to develop a more conceptually sound use of burden of proof terminology. The essay argues that the AB should abandon its current terminology (prima facie case, presumption, and burden shifting) and should simply state that the complaining Member bears the burden of proof on its basic claim and that this burden - meaning essentially the burden of persuasion - does not shift during the course of the proceeding. The reverse would hold for the responding Member's defenses.
Time to Quantify Falsifiability

Here we argue that the notion of falsifiability, a key concept in defining a valid scientific theory, can be quantified using Bayesian Model Selection, which is a standard tool in modern statistics. This relates falsifiability to the quantitative version of the Occam's razor, and allows transforming some long-running arguments about validity of certain scientific theories from philosophical discussions to mathematical calculations. This is a Letter to the editor.
Microscopic calculations for the 4He continuum: (I). General approach

Abstract A new model for the 4He nucleus in which structure and reaction aspects are treated on an equal footing is introduced. The model is constructed within the framework of the dynamical R-matrix methodology. The internal states are expanded on a basis of properly symmetrized translationally invariant harmonic oscillator eigenstates including all states up to 4 h ω of oscillator excitation. All three two-body break-up channels, namely d+d, t+p, and 3He+n are explicitly included. The two-body interaction is based on the Sussex matrix elements. In this paper, the formulation of the model is described, including the choice of two-body interaction, and results are given for the spectrum of resonances obtained within the model and for d+d elastic scattering and the 2H(d, p)3H reaction near threshold. The initial results are very encouraging, but also suggest that some further adjustments to the model are necessary.
Software defined traffic measurement with OpenSketch

Most network management tasks in software-defined networks (SDN) involve two stages: measurement and control. While many efforts have been focused on network control APIs for SDN, little attention goes into measurement. The key challenge of designing a new measurement API is to strike a careful balance between generality (supporting a wide variety of measurement tasks) and efficiency (enabling high link speed and low cost). We propose a software defined traffic measurement architecture OpenSketch, which separates the measurement data plane from the control plane. In the data plane, OpenSketch provides a simple three-stage pipeline (hashing, filtering, and counting), which can be implemented with commodity switch components and support many measurement tasks. In the control plane, OpenSketch provides a measurement library that automatically configures the pipeline and allocates resources for different measurement tasks. Our evaluations of real-world packet traces, our prototype on NetFPGA, and the implementation of five measurement tasks on top of OpenSketch, demonstrate that OpenSketch is general, efficient and easily programmable.
Citizen satisfaction with contacting government on the internet

This study looks at the satisfaction with their contact experience of citizens using the internet to contact government. Due to the internet, the volume of citizen contacts with government has increased. Presumably the ease and convenience compared to traditional contact modes has stimulated government contacting via the internet. Analysis of the July 2003 Pew E-Government Survey finds that Americans who use the internet to contact government express higher satisfaction levels with their contact experience when controlling for demographics, level of government contacted, reason for the contact, and assessments of the contact process and outcome. However, many internet users also complain of problems in using the internet for contacting government. These problems may outweigh the ease and convenience of internet contacting and may imperil the internet as a way of connecting citizens and government. Suggestions for improving the internet as a medium through which citizens contact government are discussed.
Perturbation theory for strongly interacting atomic systems

The strong-potential Born approximation has been formulated to include effects of elastic scattering in initial and final states. We use the standard distorted-wave theory and the eikonal approximation to derive closed-form expressions for scattering wave functions. Our results show that lowest-order theories must account for off-energy-shell electron propagation in the strong potential as well as for elastic scattering in initial and final states. Capture from inner shells and radiative electron capture are computed to illustrate the theory.
Stability of Hornblende and a Model for the Low Velocity Zone

There have been many discussions, but few experiments, related to the occurrence and stability of hornblende in the upper mantle. We have obtained evidence relating to hornblende stability in experiments which extend the phase relationships for calc–alkaline rock series (gabbro–tonalite–granite) to upper mantle pressures, in the presence of excess water, and these experiments have a bearing on the proposals that some intermediate rocks are derived by melting in the upper mantle. They complement other experiments dealing with dry rocks, or with rocks in the presence of water with P_(H_2O) < P_(load) (ref. 4).
Developmental regulation of glutamate transporters and glutamine synthetase activity in astrocyte cultures differentiated in vitro.

Abstract Glutamate plays an important role in brain development, physiological function, and neurodegeneration. Astrocytes control synaptic concentration of glutamate via the high affinity glutamate transporters, GLT-1 and GLAST, and the glutamate catabolizing enzyme, glutamine synthetase. In this study we show that astrocytes cultured from rat brain in various stages of development including embryonic (E18), postnatal (P1–P21) and mature (P50), show distinct patterns of GLT-1 and GLAST expression, glutamine synthetase activity, and phenotypic changes induced by dibutyryl-cyclic adenosine monophosphate. The transcripts for GLT-1 message were detectable in embryonic astrocytes only, whereas the GLAST message was highly expressed in E18 and P1–P4 astrocyte cultures, declined in P10–P21, and was undetectable in P50 astrocytes. Uptake of 3H-glutamate correlated well with GLAST expression in astrocyte cultures of all developmental stages. Glutamine synthetase activity significantly declined from high embryonic levels in P4 astrocytes and remained low throughout postnatal maturation. Exposure of astrocyte cultures to the differentiating agent, db-cAMP (250–500 μM; 6 days), resulted in a pronounced stellation, up-regulation of GLT-1 and GLAST in E18, and GLAST in P4 cultures, while it was ineffective in P10 astrocytes. By contrast, db-cAMP induced a more pronounced stimulation of glutamine synthetase activity (up to 10-fold above basal) in P10 than in E18 cultures (up to 2 times above basal). The differences in expression/inducibility of glutamate transporters and glutamine synthetase observed in astrocyte cultures derived from various stages of fetal and postnatal development suggest that astrocytes in vivo might also respond differently to environmental or injurious stimuli during development and maturation.
Relation Between Thallium Uptake and Contractile Response to Dobutamine Implications Regarding Myocardial Viability in Patients With Chronic Coronary Artery Disease and Left Ventricular Dysfunction

Background Both thallium scintigraphy and dobutamine echocardiography have been used to assess myocardial viability. However, thallium uptake and the inotropic response to dobutamine are expressions of different cellular phenomena. The present study was undertaken to investigate the relation between the two methods in patients with chronic coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction to derive insights into the mechanisms related to myocyte viability. Methods and Results Thirty patients (28 men and 2 women; age, 59±10 years) with chronic coronary artery disease and impaired left ventricular systolic function at rest (mean ejection fraction, 32±9%) were included in the study. Patients underwent transesophageal echocardiography during incremental doses of dobutamine from 2.5 to a maximum of 40 μg · kg−1 · min−1 and single photon emission computed tomographic thallium scintigraphy using a stress-redistribution-reinjection protocol. The left ventricle was divided into 16 segments for analysis of e...
Two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Great spectral simplification can be obtained by spreading the conventional one-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum in two independent frequency dimensions. This so-called two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy removes spectral overlap, facilitates spectral assignment, and provides a wealth of additional information. For example, conformational information related to interproton distances is available from resonance intensities in certain types of two-dimensional experiments. Another method generates 1H NMR spectra of a preselected fragment of the molecule, suppressing resonances from other regions and greatly simplifying spectral appearance. Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy can also be applied to the study of 13C and 15N, not only providing valuable connectivity information but also improving sensitivity of 13C and 15N detection by up to two orders of magnitude.
Complementary Colors' Effect on Closure Speed:

Contour closure of complementary colors as figure/ground (measured as RT and correct recognition) was difficult for 20 subjects. Perhaps this involves opponent cells in lateral geniculate nucleus.
Integrating neural network technology and noise analysis

The integrated use of neural network and noise analysis technologies offers advantages not available by the use of either technology alone. The application of neural network technology to noise analysis offers an opportunity to expand the scope of problems where noise analysis is useful and unique ways in which the integration of these technologies can be used productively. The two-sensor technique, in which the responses of two sensors to an unknown driving source are related, is used to demonstration such integration. The relationship between power spectral densities (PSDs) of accelerometer signals is derived theoretically using noise analysis to demonstrate its uniqueness. This relationship is modeled from experimental data using a neural network when the system is working properly, and the actual PSD of one sensor is compared with the PSD of that sensor predicted by the neural network using the PSD of the other sensor as an input. A significant deviation between the actual and predicted PSDs indicate that system is changing (i.e., failing). Experiments carried out on check valves and bearings illustrate the usefulness of the methodology developed.
The comparative efficacy of relaxation training and masseter EMG feedback in the treatment of TMJ dysfunction.

Summary The present series of single case studies was designed to evaluate the comparative efficacy of masseter EMG feedback with progressive relaxation training in the treatment of TMJ dysfunction. Study 1 employed a multiple baseline design across the symptoms of jaw pain, jaw tension and shoulder pain in a patient with chronic TMJ problems. The results indicated that relaxation training was the treatment responsible for improvements in subjective ratings of jaw pain and tension, whereas masseter EMG feedback provided little additional benefit. Trapezius EMG feedback was necessary to provide improvements in ratings of shoulder pain. Study 2 consisted of four single case designs in which masseter EMG feedback and relaxation training were compared with four TMJ patients. Results indicated that relaxation produced clear improvements in pain and tension ratings for two patients, a combination of EMG feedback and relaxation training resulted in slight improvements in one patient, and neither treatment procedure was effective for the final patient. The possibility of wide-scale application of relaxation training with TMJ patients and the need for further controlled research of masseter EMG feedback were discussed.
Elevated beta thromboglobulin in peripheral venous blood of patients with acute myocardial ischemia: Direct evidence for enhanced platelet reactivity in vivo☆

Levels of beta thromboglobulin, a platelet-specific protein, in platelet-poor plasma from peripheral venous samples of patients with acute myocardial ischemia were measured in order to obtain direct evidence for enhanced platelet reactivity in vivo in these patients and to determine the value of beta thromboglobulin assay in studying platelet reactivity in patients with ischemic heart disease. The normal beta thromboglobulin concentration in peripheral venous plasma, determined from normal volunteers and patients without known ischemic heart disease or disorders associated with enhanced platelet destruction (control group without platelet destruction), was 30.0 ± 12.6 ng/ml (mean ± standarddeviation) (range 10 to 59). The mean beta thromboglobulin level in hospitalized patients with chest pain judged not to be due to acute myocardial ischemia was 33.7 ± 12.0 (range 11 to 65). Patients with deep venous thrombosis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura provided a control group of patients with enhanced platelet destruction; the beta thromboglobulin level in this group was 131.0 ± 12.6 ng/ml (range 38 to 250). Elevated beta thromboglobulin levels were observed in 4 (16 percent) of 25 patients with stable angina pectoris (mean 45.0 ± 22.6 ng/ml, range 22 to 125), in 23 (59 percent) of 39 patients with unstable angina pectoris (mean 83.2 ± 73.7 ng/ml, range 14 to 910) and in 12 (80 percent) of 15 patients with acute myocardial Infarction (mean 118.5 ± 66.2 ng/ml, range 30 to 420) on one or more occasions during hospitalization. The mean values of patients with platelet destruction in the control group (p <0.001), patients with acute myocardial infarction (p <0.005) and patients with unstable angina pectoris (p <0.025) were significantly elevated with respect to values in patients without platelet destruction in the control group. The beta thromboglobulin levels of patients with acute myocardial infarction generally remained elevated during the first 3 to 4 hospital days. Elevation of beta thromboglobulin levels in patients with acute myocardial ischemia provides direct evidence for enhanced platelet reactivity in these patients. However, the temporal relation of the elevated beta thromboglobulin values with clinical deterioration was imprecise, so that it can not be determined from this study whether the enhanced platelet reactivity was a cause or an effect of the acute myocardial ischemia in these patients. Assay of beta thromboglobulin appears to be suitable as an indicator of enhanced platelet reactivity in patients with ischemic heart disease. Its use obviates many of the difficulties in interpretation of the various in vitro analyses of platelet function and platelet survival studies.
Analysis of Composite Materials: A Micromechanical Approach

A micromechanical approach for predicting the overall elastic behavior, as well as thermal expansion coefficients, of composite materials is presented. The approach is based on modeling the composites with regular arrays of unit material cells, construct ing a possible stress pattern for a considered representative cell, and then minimizing the complementary energy of the representative cell under given average stresses. The proce dure is concise in concept, theoretically adaptable, and easy to conduct. Applications to unidirectionally fiber-reinforced composites and to some particulate composites are given. Good agreement with known theoretical/experimental results are shown.
Step morphologies on small-miscut Si(001) surfaces.

The morphologies of single height atomic steps were studied on Si(001) samples with a miscut of \ensuremath{\sim}0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}--0.05\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} using dark-field low-energy electron microscopy. In addition to the previously observed wavy step phase we identify a ``hilly'' phase at miscut angles 0.03\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. This phase exhibits steps in excess of those required by the local miscut, but their morphology is qualitatively different from the straight steps predicted by theory.
Laboratory data and model comparisons of the transport of chemical signatures from buried land mines/UXO

Sensing the chemical signature emitted from the main charge explosives from buried landmines and unexploded ordnance (UXO) is being considered for field applications with advanced sensors of increased sensitivity and specificity. The chemical signature, however, may undergo many interactions with the soil system, altering the signal strength at the ground surface by many orders of magnitude. The chemidynamic processes are fairly well understood from many years of agricultural and industrial pollution soil physics research. Due to the unique aspects of the surface soil environment, computational simulation is being used to examen the breadth of conditions that impact chemical signature transport, from the buried location to a ground surface release. To provide confidence in the information provided by simulation modeling, laboratory experiments have been conducted to provide validation of the model under well-constrained laboratory testing conditions. A soil column was constructed with soil moisture monitoring ports, a bottom porous plate to regulate the soil moisture content, and a top plenum to collect the surface flux of explosive chemicals. The humidity of the air flowing through the plenum was set at about 50 percent RH to generate an upward flux of soil moisture. A regulated flux of aqueous phase 2,4-DNT was injected into the soil at about ten percent of the upward water flux. Chemical flux was measured by sampling with solid phase microextraction devices and analysis by gas chromatography/electron capture detection. Data was compared to model results from the T2TNT code, specifically developed to evaluate the buried landmine chemical transport issues. Data and model results compare exceptionally well providing additional confidence in the simulation tool.
Excitation Spectra of Linear Magnetic Chains

The restrictions on the excitation spectra of infinite linear magnetic chains due to the invariances of the Hamiltonian under time reversal and spin rotation have been studied by making use of the equivalence of a linear magnetic chain and a one-dimensional assembly of interacting Fermi particles. In particular, the spin-wave spectrum of an infinite antiferromagnetic chain is found to have a double periodicity of $\ensuremath{\pi}$ in the wave vector, in agreement with the numerical result of des Cloizeaux and Pearson.
High Resolution Die Stress Mapping Using Arrays of CMOS Sensors

This paper reports high resolution die stress measurements using a multiplexed array of 512 current mirror type CMOS piezoresistive FET stress sensor cells fabricated on an MOSIS tiny chip. Using 1.5 μm CMOS technology, a stress mapping resolution of 256 points/mm2 has been obtained, providing high spatial resolution mapping of the stress on the surface of the integrated circuit die. Driven by an on-chip counter, the sequentially scanned array efficiently maps the two-dimensional stress field. The sensor array is calibrated using a chip-on-beam calibration technique. These CMOS sensor arrays have been used to map stress on the die in the chip-on-beam configuration under four-point-bending load, in encapsulated chip-on-beam samples, and in DIP40 packages with cavities filled with underfill. The measured stress distribution agrees well with finite element simulation results, and permit smooth measurement of stress gradients on the surface of the integrated circuit die. The results give clear verification that the NMOS PiFET sensors are indeed responding to shear stresses.© 2007 ASME
A toolkit for automatically constructing outdoor radio maps

Outdoor location systems based on wireless access point (WAP) signal strength must either know the exact location of the WAPs in order to use a triangulation algorithm, or must construct a radio-map of the signal strengths. While the radio-map technique increases accuracy and can accommodate a wireless network that is not owned by any one entity, conventional methods for constructing a radio-map are labor-intensive and impractical in such environments. We introduce a toolkit for automatically constructing outdoor radio-maps. Our toolkit can easily be carried by delivery personnel and security guards during their normal work duties to obtain signal readings. The scattered data readings are then fed into an interpolation algorithm to construct a more complete grid that can be used as the radio-map.
The Greek Catena to the Catholic Epistles

The Greek Catenae to the Bible, of which a great number of manuscripts are preserved in numerous libraries of Europe and the East, are of great importance because they furnish the sole tradition for about one-half of all the extant remains of the exegetical writings of the Greek fathers. From them all editions of most of the Greek patristic writers who commented on the Scriptures must draw a large part of their contents. For the textual criticism of the Greek Bible, for the history of Christian thought, and sometimes for the understanding of the biblical writers, they have much to offer. In order, however, that these resources may be used securely, the complete investigation of the whole body of catena-manuscripts is indispensable, and the highly complicated relations of the witnesses to one another make this study peculiarly difficult. Commentaries of all ages are a growth, and in most instances not independent creations. The individual copies of the several catenae almost always differ somewhat, and often very largely, in contents, although they yield unmistakable evidence of relationship in origin; while in details of expression the ancient excerptors and copyists allowed themselves greater freedom than might have been permissible in continuous texts of authors.
macroH2A1-Dependent Silencing of Endogenous Murine Leukemia Viruses

We show that macroH2A1 histone variants are important for repressing the expression of endogenous murine leukemia viruses (MLVs) in mouse liver. Intact MLV proviruses and proviruses with deletions in env were nearly silent in normal mouse liver and showed substantial derepression in macroH2A1 knockout liver. In contrast, MLV proviruses with a deletion in the 5′ end of pro-pol were expressed in normal liver and showed relatively low levels of derepression in knockout liver. macroH2A1 nucleosomes were enriched on endogenous MLVs, with the highest enrichment occurring on the 5′ end of pro-pol. The absence of macroH2A1 also led to a localized loss of DNA methylation on the 5′ ends of MLV proviruses. These results demonstrate that macroH2A1 histones have a significant role in silencing endogenous MLVs in vivo and suggest that specific internal MLV sequences are targeted by a macroH2A1-dependent silencing mechanism.
Nanoencapsulation and Stabilization of Single-Molecule/Particle Electronic Nanoassemblies Using Low-Temperature Atomic Layer Deposition

This work addresses a significant challenge in engineered molecular systems regarding both understanding and controlling the stability of molecule/nanoparticle nanostructures under ambient exposure. Results deal specifically with molecular electronic junctions, where electronic contacts and transport are known to be sensitive to sample history and ambient exposure. We demonstrate that low-temperature atomic layer deposition can gently encapsulate and stabilize molecular electronic junctions, making it feasible to handle and transport junctions in air for many days with minimal change in electronic conduction. These findings indicate the potential for long-term stability of advanced synthetic nanoparticle/molecule nanoconstructs. For this study, conductivity through nanoparticle/molecule/nanoparticle junctions is analyzed and found to be consistent with nonresonant charge tunneling through a single or a small number of oligomeric phenylene ethynylene molecules in the electrical junction. The conductivity w...
Transients in RAFT Miniemulsion Polymerization in CSTR Trains

Potential factors contributing to previously observed unexpected transients during miniemulsion polymerization in continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) trains are examined. Possibilities from equipment design and operation are first evaluated, and with a slightly modified CSTR train, no significant transients are observed. Causes for the transients associated with the polymerization mechanism are also considered and ruled out by careful analysis. Steady state in a reversible addition-fragmentation transfer CSTR train is achieved.
Dynamics of vibrational wave packets in the C1Πu state of Cs2

Abstract The dynamics of vibrational wave packets in the weakly predissociated C 1 Π u of Cs 2 have been examined by two color, femtosecond laser pump—probe techniques. The motion of the wave packet is detected by photoionizing the dimer with a time-delayed 620nm pulse and monitoring the time-and energy-integrated photoelectron signal with a proportional counter. Since the anharmonicity of Cs 2 (C 1 Π u is light (ω e /ω e x e ≈700) and the ground state vibrational manifold is equilibrated at T ≈500 K, wave packets consisting of the superposition of wavefunctions of more than 20 vibrational levels are formed that dephase in ≈ 18 ps.
Automated system for machine tool capacity and utilization

Abstract An automated system based on Symphony spreadsheet software has been developed to monitor machine tool utilization and capacity in a small- to medium-sized machine shop. This application compiles reports on annual machine tool requirements and use from production routing data for a shop producing over 100 different small machined parts with batch sizes ranging from 100 to 1000 parts and up to 25,000 parts per year. The operational routings for approximately 30 parts are currently stored in the system. Levels of utilization are analyzed, which aids in determining the need for addition equipment or multiple workshifts, and thereby helps balance the workload and product flow. Valuable information was compiled in a special report for layout of a new shop facility. Group technology cell arrangements of equipment were analyzed for capacity and utilization. Many Symphony spreadsheet and data base management features were used to produce this program. The final system incorporated menu systems for users unfamiliar with this spreadsheet software.