cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of polyaramid fiber reinforcement on the strength of 3 denture base polymethyl methacrylate resins.

Purpose The interactive effects of synthetic polyaramid reinforcement fibers on the transverse strength of intact and repaired heat-polymerized denture base acrylic resins were investigated. Materials and Methods Three polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) polymers were tested: Acron MC (GC International Corp, Scottsdale, AZ), Lucitone 199 (Dentsply International Inc, York, PA), and Microlon (The Hygienic Corp, Akron, OH). With each polymer, there were 2 controls and 4 experimental groups (n = 9 per group). The treatment groups were intact heat-polymerized PMMA control, PMMA with unreinforced repair, PMMA with polyaramid reinforced repair, intact polyaramid reinforced heat-polymerized PMMA control, polyaramid reinforced PMMA with unreinforced repair, and polyaramid reinforced PMMA with polyaramid reinforced repair. The transverse fracture strengths of the samples were measured with a 3-point bending test on a Zwick Universal Testing Machine (Zwick of America, Inc, East Windsor, CT). Results The highest mean strength at fracture was recorded with intact polyaramid reinforced heat-polymerized PMMA controls for all resins. Analysis of variance showed significant differences in transverse strength (p < .05) by experimental group, by material, and by interaction of group and material. Tukey HSD (honestly significant difference) Multiple Comparisons Test (α= 0.05) showed that intact polyaramid reinforced heat-polymerized PMMA controls were significantly stronger than intact heat-polymerized PMMA controls and all the other treatment groups. Use of polyaramid reinforcement in repair of unreinforced PMMA or polyaramid reinforced PMMA did not result in significantly increased transverse strength. Conclusions Polyaramid reinforcement significantly increased the transverse strength of intact heat-polymerized PMMA. Polyaramid fibers did not significantly increase strength to reinforce PMMA repairs.
Member use of social networking sites - an empirical examination

In this research the authors examine members' voluntary use of social networking sites. Site use leads to the growth of social relationships, increased volume of site visits and traffic, and an accumulation of user generated contents; hence it is imperative to the success of social networking sites. Drawing upon Social Exchange Theory (SET), we develop a research model that examines the major determinants of member site use behavior through a cost-benefit framework. This model also investigates the key antecedents to site use that stem from website designs, personal traits, and personal beliefs in the environment. The research model has been validated through survey data collected from 222 social networking site users, and the analysis results provide strong support to the hypothesized relationships. The current study generates new knowledge on the literature of SET and social networking sites; it also sheds lights on site management for networking service providers.
Beyond Macro-Prudential Regulation: Three Ways of Thinking About Financial Crisis, Regulation and Reform

This paper considers the debate about the "macro-prudential regulation" of finance in the context of a broader view of the relation of finance to the real economy. Five ideas are central to the argument. The first idea is that the two dominant families of ideas about finance and its regulation share a failure of institutional imagination. Neoclassical economists blame localized market and regulatory failures for the troubles of finance. Keynesians invoke the way in which the money economy may amplify cycles of despondency and euphoria. Neither current of thought recognizes that the institutions of finance in particular, and of the market economy in general, can take different forms, with different consequences for the organization of production and exchange as well as for distribution. The second idea is that, under present arrangements, finance readily becomes the master rather than the servant of the real economy and lays itself open to recurrent booms and busts. The third idea is that present arrangements can be reformed in ways that more effectively put finance at the service of the productive agenda of society. The fourth idea is that the regulation of finance, including what we now call macro-prudential regulation, can and should be designed as initial moves in such an institutional reshaping. The fifth idea is that neoclassical and Keynesian conceptions are inadequate guides to the execution of this task. We can find in law and legal thought many of the intellectual and practical tools that we need.
Piety and Justice: Plato's ‘Euthyphro’

Piety is not a theme that normally attracts the modern mind. In our own age rebellion has a more prominent position and the theme of impiety strikes a more sympathetic note. We are led to examine Plato's Euthyphro as much for the hints we find on the subject of impiety as for whatever it might contain on the seemingly drab subject of the holy. The Euthyphro is also a dialogue concerned with justice, a recurrent theme in the Platonic corpus, and it questions the accepted relationship of justice to piety and orthodoxy. The secular implications of the argument, which seem to be the more important to Socrates, himself, are as relevant to modern politics and religion as they were to the life of ancient Athens.
Seismic Collapse Safety of Reinforced Concrete Buildings. II: Comparative Assessment of Nonductile and Ductile Moment Frames

This study is the second of two companion papers to examine the seismic collapse safety of reinforced concrete frame buildings, and examines nonductile moment frames that are representative of those built before the mid-1970s in California. The probabilistic assessment relies on nonlinear dynamic simulation of structural response to calculate the collapse risk, accounting for uncertainties in ground-motion characteristics and structural modeling. The evaluation considers a set of archetypical nonductile RC frame structures of varying height that are designed according to the seismic provisions of the 1967 Uniform Building Code. The results indicate that nonductile RC frame structures have a mean annual frequency of collapse ranging from 5 to 14×10-3 at a typical high-seismic California site, which is approximately 40 times higher than corresponding results for modern code-conforming special RC moment frames. These metrics demonstrate the effectiveness of ductile detailing and capacity design requirements,...
Approach for solving the feature location problem by measuring the component modification impact

Maintaining a large software system is an inherently difficult task that often involves locating and comprehending system features prior to performing the actual maintenance task at hand. Feature location techniques were introduced to locate the source code components implementing specific software features. Common to these approaches is that they rely either on exercising several features of a system, and/or domain experts to guide the feature location process. In this study, the authors present a novel hybrid feature location approach that combines static and dynamic analysis techniques. Our approach uses a component dependency graph of the system to provide a ranking of the components according to their feature relevance. The ranking itself is based on the impact of a component modification on the remaining parts of a system. Our approach can almost be completely automated without requiring an extensive knowledge of the system. A case study performed on two open source projects is presented to evaluate the applicability and effectiveness of our approach.
The K-Nearest Neighbor Attractor-based Neural Network and the Optimal Linear Discriminatory Filter Classifier

The K-Nearest Neighbor Attractor-based Neural Network and the Optimal Linear Discriminatory Filter Classifier are feature-based classifiers that are trained via supervised learning using a training set of feature vectors. They were developed by the author and successfully used in several applications where they were "and-ed." Results using these classifiers have been published, but comprehensive descriptions of them have not appeared in the literature. This paper presents their detailed descriptionsss.
Combining email models for false positive reduction

Machine learning and data mining can be effectively used to model, classify and discover interesting information for a wide variety of data including email. The Email Mining Toolkit, EMT, has been designed to provide a wide range of analyses for arbitrary email sources. Depending upon the task, one can usually achieve very high accuracy, but with some amount of false positive tradeoff. Generally false positives are prohibitively expensive in the real world. In the case of spam detection, for example, even if one email is misclassified, this may be unacceptable if it is a very important email. Much work has been done to improve specific algorithms for the task of detecting unwanted messages, but less work has been report on leveraging multiple algorithms and correlating models in this particular domain of email analysis.EMT has been updated with new correlation functions allowing the analyst to integrate a number of EMT's user behavior models available in the core technology. We present results of combining classifier outputs for improving both accuracy and reducing false positives for the problem of spam detection. We apply these methods to a very large email data set and show results of different combination methods on these corpora. We introduce a new method to compare multiple and combined classifiers, and show how it differs from past work. The method analyzes the relative gain and maximum possible accuracy that can be achieved for certain combinations of classifiers to automatically choose the best combination.
Perioperative hypercoagulability in uremic patients: A viscoelastic study

Abstract Study Objective: To examine whole blood coagulation in uremic patients presenting for surgery with the thromboelastogram and the Sonoclot analyzer. Design: Prospective, observational study. Setting: Operating rooms of a university-affiliated hospital. Patients: 30 ASA physical status II and III patients with chronic renal failure, and 30 age-matched and gender-matched patients with normal renal function, presenting for elective surgery. Interventions: Blood sampling for thromboelastograph and Sonoclot analysis immediately after anesthetic induction, prior to surgical incision. Measurements and Main Results: Thromboelastographic indices of coagulation, reflecting coagulation factor function (R time), fibrinogen-platelet interaction (K time and alpha angle), and qualitative platelet function (maximum amplitude) were hypercoagulable in the uremic group compared with the control group ( p p p Conclusions: The high incidence of arteriovenous graft and fistulae thromboses in uremic patients belies in vitro laboratory evidence of platelet dysfunction. We have demonstrated perioperative hypercoagulability in uremic patients with viscoelastic measures of whole blood coagulation. These data suggest that traditional concern for coagulopathy and platelet dysfunction in uremic patients may require re-assessment in light of this "pro-thrombotic" state.
The Impact of Prostacyclin Studies on the Development of Its Stable Analogues

The vascular endothelium and, especially, the pulmonary endothelium play the important metabolic role in activation (e.g., angiotensin I) and inactivation (e.g., bradykinin, 5-hydroxytryptamine, catecholamines, nucleotides) of circulating hormones and autacoids [120]. Apart from its metabolic function the endothelium also acts as a generator of two powerful mediators: prostacyclin [34, 84] and endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) [29]. In contrast with “classical” mediators prostacyclin (t 1/2 = approx 4 min) [12, 34] and EDRF (t 1/2 = approx 6 s) [16, 32] are highly labile. Prostacyclin is one of the products of cyclo-oxygenation of arachidonic acid, while the chemical structure of EDRF remains unknown. Both these mediators are released from the endothelium by similar stimuli, including agonists of muscarinic and serotonin receptors, thrombin, bradykinin and calcium ionophore A 23 187 [36]. Lipid peroxides and oxygen free radicals are the decisive factors in either suppression of the generation or termination of the action of these mediators [34, 37, 121].
The solution conformation Ac-Pen-Arg-Gly-Asp-Cys-OH, a potent fibrinogen receptor antagonist

The solution conformation of Ac-Pen-Arg-Gly-Asp-Cys-OH, a potent fibrinogen receptor antagonist, was characterized in DMSO-d6 by the combination of nmr and molecular modeling. The conformational space available to the peptide was explored using a distance geometry algorithm with distance constraints derived from 1H-nmr spectra. The dynamics of the peptide were examined by relaxation time measurements and low temperature studies. The results from the low temperature studies suggest that the peptide backbone does not exist in a single, well-defined conformation but undergoes exchange between multiple conformers. This result is consistent with the inability to find a single structure that satisfies all the nmr-derived constraints. The constraints could only be satisfied by considering pairs of conformers to represent the experimental data. The low energy conformers comprise type II' or type V beta-turns with distinct side-chain directionality. The Arg-Gly-Asp portion of the ring is flexible and can be described by amide-plane rotations of the Arg-Gly and Gly-Asp peptide bonds. Although some backbone flexibility is evident, the incorporation of beta,beta-dimethyl cysteine imparted greater conformational rigidity as compared to the previously studied cyclic pentapeptide, Ac-Cys-Arg-Gly-Asp-Cys-OH.
Antibiotic Treatment of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease

It is just 17 years since Chlamydia pneumoniae was first described and 14 years since the first observational evidence of a possible association of the organism with coronary heart disease (CHD). For 5 years there was little interest in this association, but it has subsequently attracted an increasing number of investigators. The question of an association was settled by the frequent demonstration of C. pneumoniae in atherosclerotic lesions. However, understanding the pathogenic significance of the organism in the lesions has remained elusive. See p 1253 Efforts to determine the pathogenic role of C. pneumoniae have included animal model studies, mechanistic studies, and clinical trials of antibiotic treatment. In rabbits and mice, C. pneumoniae pulmonary inoculation causes acceleration of atherosclerosis in the presence of elevated lipids. This effect of C. pneumoniae can be prevented by antibiotic treatment shortly after inoculation but not after the organism becomes established in the arteries. There are now a variety of studies of basic mechanisms that have shown ways that C. pneumoniae could play a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. With the publication in this issue of Circulation of a clinical trial of antibiotic treatment of patients after acute myocardial infarctions,1 there are now 12 published clinical trials of antibiotic treatment for secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.1–12 Two additional trials, not yet published, were presented at the 2002 Annual Scientific Sessions of the American College of Cardiology. They are Weekly Intervention with Zithromax for Atherosclerosis and its Related Disorders (WIZARD) and AZithromycin in Acute Coronary Syndromes (AZACS). Nine of the 14 trials studied prevention of events of CHD. Five studied changes in arteries. Table 1 lists information on 8 small trials involving CHD. Small trials include those with an inadequate number of …
Mitochondrial polymorphism A10398G and Haplogroup I are associated with Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy.

Purpose We investigated whether mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants affect the susceptibility of Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD). Methods Ten mtDNA variants defining European haplogroups were genotyped in a discovery dataset consisting of 530 cases and 498 controls of European descent from the Duke FECD cohort. Association tests for mtDNA markers and haplogroups were performed using logistic regression models with adjustment of age and sex. Subset analyses included controlling for additional effects of either the TCF4 SNP rs613872 or cigarette smoking. Our replication dataset was derived from the genome-wide association study (GWAS) of the FECD Genetics Consortium, where genotypes for three of 10 mtDNA markers were available. Replication analyses were performed to compare non-Duke cases to all GWAS controls (GWAS1, N = 3200), and to non-Duke controls (GWAS2, N = 3043). Results The variant A10398G was significantly associated with FECD (odds ratio [OR] = 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.53, 0.98]; P = 0.034), and remains significant after adjusting for smoking status (min P = 0.012). This variant was replicated in GWAS1 (P = 0.019) and GWAS2 (P = 0.036). Haplogroup I was significantly associated with FECD (OR = 0.46; 95% CI = [0.22, 0.97]; P = 0.041) and remains significant after adjusting for the effect of smoking (min P = 0.008) or rs613872 (P = 0.034). Conclusions The 10398G allele and Haplogroup I appear to confer significant protective effects for FECD. The effect of A10398G and Haplogroup I to FECD is likely independent of the known TCF4 variant. More data are needed to decipher the interaction between smoking and mtDNA haplogroups.
Quantification of Environmental Stress Cracking in Polymer Blends through Eyring Modeling

The effect of blending polycarbonate (PC) with an amorphous copolyester (PCTG) and a crystallizable polyester (PBT) on the environmental stress cracking (ESC) resistance was studied. The determination of the ESC resistance for the blend was accomplished through tensile testing in a fluid environment utilizing an Eyring-type activated process to describe ESC. It was found that the miscible blend, PC/PCTG, displayed a rule of mixtures for ESC resistance to all fluids tested except ether resistance. The immiscible blend, PC/PBT, displayed a significant negative deviation from the rule of mixtures for ESC resistance, except for ether resistance, which has been attributed to the development of stress sites for craze initiation at the interface between the blend components on the surface of the test sample. The differences in ether resistance compared to the trends found for the fluid ESC resistance in this study were attributed to possible changes in crystallization for the samples tested in ether. The data suggests that strongly swelling fluids, e.g. diethyl ether in the presence of PC, may cause densification from polymer crystallization resulting in voids that facilitate in the initiation and growth of crazes.
Dark Forces At The Tevatron

Abstract A simple explanation of the W + dijet excess recently reported by the CDF collaboration involves the introduction of a new gauge boson with sizable couplings to quarks, but with no or highly suppressed couplings to leptons. Anomaly-free theories which include such a leptophobic gauge boson must also include additional particle content, which may include a stable and otherwise viable candidate for dark matter. Based on the couplings and mass of the Z ′ required to generate the CDF excess, we predict such a dark matter candidate to possess an elastic scattering cross section with nucleons on the order of σ ∼ 10 − 40 cm 2 , providing a natural explanation for the signals reported by the CoGeNT and DAMA/LIBRA collaborations. In this light, CDF may be observing the gauge boson responsible for the force which mediates the interactions between the dark and visible matter of our universe.
How vocabulary knowledge of middle-school students from low socioeconomic backgrounds influences comprehension processes and outcomes☆

Abstract The influence of poverty on reading achievement begins early in life and accrues over time. Vocabulary knowledge, in particular, is subject to the cumulative disadvantages of poverty and, in turn, has a potent and negative impact on reading comprehension. In the present study, we used path analysis to examine how vocabulary directly and indirectly influenced the reading comprehension of seventh and eighth graders who qualified for free or reduced-price school meals. Findings from a multicomponent model indicated that vocabulary (β = .40) and inferential comprehension (β = .30) had the largest direct effects on reading comprehension. Moreover, vocabulary influenced comprehension indirectly through sentence-comprehension efficiency and inferential comprehension. Findings suggest that the impact of poverty permeates reading comprehension through complex and nuanced paths.
Screening Criteria in Breast Cancer Trials: Are They Too Restrictive?

into drug, non-drug, commercial and academic. Overall, 27 patients were identified as ‘screening fails’ ,a 6.3% failure rate of those consenting to all studies. All of these ‘screening fails’ were noted in drug studies, with 24 of them (88.9%) in commercial studies, the difference compared with the non-commercial studies being significantly different (t ¼� 12.27, P < 0.001). The screening failure rate was significantly higher (34.2%) in commercial drug studies compared with 2.2% in non-commercial drug studies (t ¼� 7.23, P < 0.001). The most common cause of ‘screen failure’ was abnormal liver function tests. We assessed the reasons for exclusion from the studies and felt that for 14 patients (52%) we would have been happy to treat the patients with the trial protocol outside of a study, as safety and efficacy would not have been compromised. One of the important aspects of randomised control trials is ensuring that they are generalisable, i.e. that the result of the trial can be applied to the ‘real world’ population. There is a risk that by excluding patients after screening tests that this generalisability is being lost. It is also important to ensure that patients considering entry into a clinical trial are offered accurate information on the screening process. Most cancer drug studies are conducted in patients with metastatic disease and the timing of entry will usually be when they have either recently been diagnosed or have disease that has progressed through a previous line of therapy. This can be a difficult time and the consideration of a clinical study, often with the potential hope that a new drug offers, will require some thought from the patient. The patient information sheets often describe the screening process but fail to give any estimate of the chances of an individual patient failing to meet the eligibility criteria for study entry once they have consented to the trial. We feel that consideration should be given to making eligibility criteria less restrictive in commercial drug studies and described better in the final manuscript, as should details of excluded patients. Patient information sheets should make it clear that despite consent to the trial, a relatively high proportion of patients may become ineligible after screening tests.
Parametric Dependence of Boundary Trace Inequalities

Some results about the dependence of the optimal constants in some trace inequalities for H 1-functions on a region \(\Omega \) are described. These constants are shown to be the primary Steklov eigenvalue of \(\mu I - \Delta \) on the region. They are related to the norm of an associated trace operator. In particular the eigenvalue is shown to be a locally Lipschitz continuous function of μ, and its inverse is a convex function of μ.
Oncology nurse's perspective.

Oncology nurses are increasingly recognizing the importance of chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) in the lives of their patients and are contributing to the state of the knowledge in this field of study. The Oncology Nursing Society has included treatment related changes in cognitive function as a priority in the 2009–2013 “Oncology Nursing Society Research Agenda and Priorities”. Related educational programming has been included at national nursing symposia. A brief review of some research conducted by oncology nurses is described.
Cancionero antequerano (1627-1628). Recogido por Ignacio de Toledo y Godoy, publicado por Dámaso Alonso y Rafael Ferreres. Madrid : C.S.I.C., Instituto "Miguel de Cervantes", 1950. xxxix, 536 p. (Cancioneros del Siglo de Oro ; v. 1).

Se reseno el libro: Cancionero antequerano (1627-1628). Recogido por Ignacio de Toledo y Godoy, publicado por Damaso Alonso y Rafael Ferreres.
Factors influencing seed germination of Lupinus perennis.

Abstract Seeds of Lupinus perennis Wats. (perennial lupine) were subjected to a variety of scarification and temperature treatments. Without scarification, <15% germination was observed within 1 we...
Dependence on Crossing Angle of Electron Beam Slicing in Storage Rings

When a low energy electron bunch ($\ensuremath{\sim}20\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}$) crosses from top of a high energy bunch (e.g., 3 GeV) at an angle (e.g., 45\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}), the Coulomb force exerted on the high energy bunch by the low energy bunch will kick a very short ($\ensuremath{\sim}150\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{fs}$) slice from the core of the high energy bunch. The slice of electron bunch can generate ultrashort x-ray pulse. In this paper, we will give analytical expressions about the angular kicks dependence on the crossing angle by assuming a Gaussian distribution for the low energy bunch. Applying the analytical results to the storage ring bunch in NSLS-II [1], we will discuss the optimized parameters of the electron beam slicing system in order to obtain a very short slice bunch and a sufficient separation between the slice and the core bunch.
“MOORS KNOW THE LAW”: SOVEREIGN LEGAL DISCOURSE IN MOORISH SCIENCE RELIGIOUS COMMUNITIES AND THE HERMENEUTICS OF SUPERSESSION

Among the many individuals and groups espousing affiliation with the Moorish Science Temple of America movement, some continue founding prophet Noble Drew Ali's emphasis on engaging in American citizenship as a religious duty, while others interpret the prophet's scriptures to lend authority to claims of being outside the jurisdiction of American legal authority. Such sovereign Moors, whose actions range from declaration of secession to rejection of drivers or marriage licenses, advance legal discourse rooted in historical narratives, tailor their legal thinking toward practical instruction and efficacious results, and appeal to etymology to further authorize their claims. Such sovereign Moorish legal discourse is best understood, following Catherine Wessinger's work on the Montana Freemen, as “magical,” and understanding the magical role played by legal texts and discourse within these communities can help scholars and legal professionals in their approach to and interactions with sovereign Moors.
Evidence for superconductivity at T c =12 K in oxygen-deficient MoO 2-δ and properties of molybdenum arsenide and oxide binaries

We find signatures of superconductivity at ${T}_{c}=12$ K in a molybdenum arsenide sample containing \ensuremath{\sim}4% of ${\mathrm{MoO}}_{2\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}}$ impurity by weight. Below is a report on the electronic structure calculations, structures analyses, and thermodynamic and transport properties on ${\mathrm{Mo}}_{2}{\mathrm{As}}_{3}$, ${\mathrm{Mo}}_{5}{\mathrm{As}}_{4}$, and ${\mathrm{MoO}}_{2}$, in order to uncover the reasons for superconductivity for the sample that contains a mixture of these phases. The experimental and theoretical evidence suggest that superconductivity in the ${\mathrm{MoO}}_{2\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}}$ phase is likely and may be caused by nesting-type fluctuations.
Casting Youth as Information Leaders : Social Media in Latino Families and Implications for Mobilization

Promotion of the DREAM Act during the 2012 campaign presented an opportunity to examine how social media might cast youth as information leaders in the promotion of voting in Latino families. To identify opportunities and barriers to enactment of the information-leading role, we triangulate findings from a post-election survey of young adults and an analysis of campaign strategies focused on access to higher education. We find that young Latinos lagged behind non-Latinos in voting and in discussion about politics with parents and that campaign messaging typically ignored the family as a context for the cultivation of aspiration through information exchange. We conclude with recommendations for how mobilization efforts in future elections can harness new media by recruiting youth as information leaders.
Lower electricity prices and greenhouse gas emissions due to rooftop solar: empirical results for Massachusetts

Monthly and hourly correlations among photovoltaic (PV) capacity utilization, electricity prices, electricity consumption, and the thermal efficiency of power plants in Massachusetts reduce electricity prices and carbon emissions beyond average calculations. PV utilization rates are highest when the thermal efficiencies of natural gas fired power plants are lowest, which reduces emissions of CO2 and CH4 by 0.3% relative to the annual average emission rate. There is a positive correlation between PV utilization rates and electricity prices, which raises the implied price of PV electricity by up to 10% relative to the annual average price, such that the average MWh reduces electricity prices by $0.26–$1.86 per MWh. These price reductions save Massachusetts rate-payers $184 million between 2010 and 2012. The current and net present values of these savings are greater than the cost of solar renewable energy credits which is the policy instrument that is used to accelerate the installation of PV capacity. Together, these results suggest that rooftop PV is an economically viable source of power in Massachusetts even though it has not reached socket parity.
Bleomycin for older patients: less is more

In this issue of Blood, Boll et al report on the toxicity of 2 vs 4 cycles of bleomycin-containing chemotherapy in older, early stage, favorable patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and show that 2 cycles, but no more, of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) is well tolerated in this patient population.1
Making Space for Women: Explaining Citizen Support for Legislative Gender Quotas in Latin America

Gender quotas have been adopted in over a hundred countries in an effort to address gender disparities in national legislatures. Yet the determinants of citizen support for gender quota policies remain largely understudied. We develop a theory that emphasizes the impact of institutional performance and political values to explain citizen support for gender quotas and how these two factors differentially influence men’s and women’s quota support. Based on data for 24 Latin American countries, we find that citizens in countries with relatively good governance quality who express a strong preference for government involvement to improve citizens’ well-being show the highest levels of quota support. Further, whereas good governance increases quota support at a higher rate among men than women, preferences for government involvement exert a stronger influence on women’s support for quotas. Consequently, good governance quality reduces the gender gap in quota support by substantially increasing men’s support fo...
Occurrence of Southern Rice Black-Streaked Dwarf Virus in Jiangxi Province and Suggestion for Integrated Control Measures

The paper introduced the biological characteristics of southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus(SRBSDV),and the occurrence and forecast of SRBSDV in Jiangxi Province.Then the paper also put forward suggestions of control measures against the disease.
Life Cycle Emissions and Cost Study of Light Duty Vehicles

The growth of vehicle sales and use world-wide requires the consumption of significant quantities of energy and materials. Advanced propulsion systems and electric drive vehicles have substantially different characteristics and impacts. For a comprehensive comparison of advanced and traditional light duty vehicles, a model is developed that integrates external costs, including emissions and time losses, with societal and consumer life cycle costs. Life cycle emissions and time losses are converted into costs for seven urban light duty vehicles. The results, which are based on vehicle technology characteristics and transportation impacts on environment, facilitate vehicle comparisons and support policy making in transportation. More sustainable urban transportation can be achieved in the short term by promoting policies that increase vehicle occupancy. In the intermediate term, more sustainable urban transportation can be achieved by increasing the share of hybrid vehicles in traffic. In the long term, more sustainable urban transportation can be achieved with the widespread use of electric vehicles. A sensitivity analysis of life cost results revealed that vehicle costs change significantly for different geographical areas depending on vehicle taxation, and the pricing of gasoline, electric power and pollution. Current practices in carbon and air quality pricing favor oil and coal based technologies. However, increasing the cost of electricity from coal and other fossil fuels would increase the variable cost for electric vehicles, and would favor the variable cost of hybrid vehicles.
Detection and Differentiation of Potato Virus Y Strains from Potato Using Immunocapture Multiplex RT-PCR

Potato virus Y (PVY) is a serious problem for the seed potato industry in the United States. The maximum allowable infection level of PVY in certified seed potatoes is 2 % and is substantially lower in early generations of seed production. Moreover, recent emergence of genetically recombinant and serologically different strains of Potato virus Y has led to the development of diagnostic procedures to determine strain identity and to detect mixed strain infections more easily, sensitively and accurately. In the studies reported here a protocol for the detection of single or mixed PVY infections in potato incorporates the advantages of enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) and multiplex reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR). The viral particles from plant sap were enriched by ELISA and then lysed by heating to release the viral RNA for the reverse transcriptase. The cDNA product was used as template for the detection of infection by multiplex PCR eliminating the need for RNA extraction and handling. The sensitivity tests conducted indicate that the immunocapture reverse transcriptase PCR was more sensitive in detecting PVY in infected plant sap than multiplex RT-PCR or ELISA alone while retaining the ability to differentiate strains of PVY that can infect potato in the United States. The immunocapture multiplex RT-PCR described will be particularly useful for seed certification and diagnostic laboratories as a confirmatory test in conjunction with ELISA.
Morphogenic substances released by plant tissue cultures

The release of endogenous substances is a general phenomenon of plant tissue cultures, with some substances having significant developmental effects on the releasing tissues. Their systematic study was initiated with Nandina tissue cultures, and a yellow compound that accumulated in the culture medium was identified as the alkaloid, berberine. The rate of its release was related to the supplies of auxin, cytokinin, and nutrient salts. Addition of berberine \ HCl to nutrient media did not inhibit Nandina tissues, but suppressed shoot formation in Nicotiana stem segments. Growth of Nandina and Nicotiana callus, as well as rooting of Nicotiana stem segments, was promoted by alkaloid addenda.
Traveler anxiety and enjoyment: The effect of airport environment on traveler's emotions

Abstract The physical attributes of service settings significantly influence customers' emotional responses and are used as critical differentiators among service providers. Following changes in the airport industry, this study aims to investigate the relationship between physical servicescape elements, a travelers' enjoyment and/or anxiety, and traveler satisfaction in the airport environment context. Two separate studies were conducted. The findings confirmed the validity of the instrument proposed in the first study. Six airport servicescape factors—design, scent, functional organization, air/lighting conditions, seating, and cleanliness—should be considered when evaluating traveler response. An SEM test suggested that airport design features and pleasant scent have a positive influence on traveler enjoyment, generating satisfaction. On the other hand, poor functional organization and inadequate air and lighting conditions are major predictors of traveler anxiety, which leads to low satisfaction. This study also provides valuable implications for airport design, organization and development.
Renal sodium transport in renin-deficient Dahl salt-sensitive rats:

Objective:The Dahl salt-sensitive rat is a well-established model of salt-sensitive hypertension. The goal of this study was to assess the expression and activity of renal sodium channels and transporters in the renin-deficient salt-sensitive rat.Methods:Renin knockout (Ren−/−) rats created on the salt-sensitive rat background were used to investigate the role of renin in the regulation of ion transport in salt-sensitive hypertension. Western blotting and patch-clamp analyses were utilized to assess the expression level and activity of Na+ transporters.Results:It has been described previously that Ren−/− rats exhibit severe kidney underdevelopment, polyuria, and lower body weight and blood pressure compared to their wild-type littermates. Here we found that renin deficiency led to decreased expression of sodium-hydrogen antiporter (NHE3), the Na+/H+ exchanger involved in Na+ absorption in the proximal tubules, but did not affect the expression of Na-K-Cl cotransporter (NKCC2), the main transporter in the ...
Reactive Theater: State Theater and New Voices in China and France

The chapter concentrates on the relationship between theater and the state and how this interaction influenced aesthetic innovations during the twentieth century. The chapter shows how the Chinese state used theater and performance to put forward specifically political goals and how playwrights in France steered theater toward politics. The rise of Absurdism in both countries is detailed. It is in this chapter that I discuss aesthetic influences on Gao like Samuel Beckett. Emphasis is placed on the freedom artists found in Absurdism to work within and beyond prescribed aesthetics. The chapter provides the reader with an understanding of the political consequences of playwriting in Gao’s career.
Corrigendum to “Physiology of the Invasive Apple Snail Pomacea maculata: Tolerance to Low Temperatures” [J. Shellfish Res. 2016;35(1):207–210]

The authors regret that the following errors were in the published paper: In the affiliations, “United States Geological Survey” should be changed to “U.S. Geological Survey”. In the Methods section “Additional animals were obtained from a colony maintained at the USGS Wetlands Center;” should be changed to “Additional animals were obtained from a colony maintained at the USGS Wetland and Aquatic Research Center;”. In the Methods section “All DNA sequences have been deposited in the National Center for Biotechnology Information GenBank (see Table 1).” should be changed to “All DNA sequences have been deposited in the National Center for Biotechnology Information GenBank.”
SeedMe: A scientific data sharing and collaboration platform

Rapid secure data sharing and private online discussion are requirements for coordinating today's distributed science teams using High Performance Computing (HPC), visualization, and complex workflows. Modern HPC infrastructures enable fast computation, but the data produced remains within a site's storage and network environment tuned for performance rather than broad easy access. To share data and visualizations among distributed collaborators, manual efforts are required to move data out of HPC environments, stage it locally, bundle it with metadata and descriptions, manage versions, encode videos from visualization animations, and finally post it all online somewhere for secure access and discussion among project colleagues. While some of these tasks can be scripted, the effort remains cumbersome, time-consuming, and error prone. Thus, a more streamlined approach with a persistent infrastructure is needed.In this paper we describe SeedMe -- the Stream Encode Explore and Disseminate My Experiments platform for web-based scientific data sharing and discussion. SeedMe provides streamlined data movement from HPC and desktop environments, metadata management, data descriptions, video encoding, secure data sharing, threaded discussion, and, optionally, public access for education, outreach, and training.
Digital Image Vegetation Analysis with Machine Learning

We propose computer vision based approach for effectively computing the vegetation coverage of the image to determine the structure of the vegetation and to understand wildlife habitat. To deal with the variation of lighting condition, two-stage segmentation strategy is applied. Firstly, texture information is used to roughly classify the vegetation and the reference blackboard at each position using Support Vector Machine. And then a K-means based adaptive color model is used to refine the segmentation result in pixel level. We evaluate our approach on our dataset, and the results demonstrate that the proposed method is robust to environment changing, and color instability. For blackboard localization, we tested 200 images and the accuracy is approximately 93%. For grass detection and coverage computation, the error rate is approximately 3%.
Cultivating Tipping Points: Network Science in Teaching

Current education systems continue to be based predominantly on reductionist mindsets in which teaching is conducted on a subject-by-subject and module-by-module basis. Improvement is planned and implemented using a linear, causal, independent-problem-to-solution approach, with very little consideration given to the interconnectedness among the various components and ideas involved in these complex knowledge systems. This situation presents a need to think about how understanding these connections can improve the learning of complex ideas. It also constitutes an opportunity to provide a multifaceted intervention for communities of learners, which would, itself, be a coordinated network of collaborative efforts to develop a network literate populace. In this paper, the authors describe addressing these issues through a multi-phase, multi-year approach to professional development with formal and informal educators; the outcomes of this work; and next steps.
Hydronium Ions Accompanying Buried Acidic Residues Lead to High Apparent Dielectric Constants in the Interior of Proteins

Internal ionizable groups are known to play important roles in protein functions. A mystery that has attracted decades of extensive experimental and theoretical studies is the apparent dielectric constants experienced by buried ionizable groups, which are much higher than values expected for protein interiors. Many interpretations have been proposed, such as water penetration, conformational relaxation, local unfolding, protein intrinsic backbone fluctuations, etc. However, these interpretations conflict with many experimental observations. The virtual mixture of multiple states (VMMS) simulation method developed in our lab provides a direct approach for studying the equilibrium of multiple chemical states and can monitor pKa values along simulation trajectories. Through VMMS simulations of staphylococcal nuclease (SNase) variants with internal Asp or Glu residues, we discovered that cations were attracted to buried deprotonated acidic groups and the presence of the nearby cations were essential to reprod...
Cultivating a Sense of Belonging: Using Twitter to Establish a Community in an Introductory Technical Communication Classroom

The introductory technical communication class serves many purposes, but perhaps an understudied purpose is the class’s role in university retention and persistence. In this study, students used Tw...
Osteohistology of Rapetosaurus krausei (Sauropoda: Titanosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous of Madagascar

AbstractTitanosauria is a clade of sauropod dinosaurs that includes species ranging from the largest known terrest-rial vertebrates to insular dwarfs no bigger than elephants. Although most sauropo...
Heterogeneous Vehicular Communications-Multi-Standard Solutions to Enable Interoperability

Vehicular communication is considered to be a key enabler for future automated driving applications, which is considered one of the most promising vertical sectors for mobile networks. The 5.9 GHz frequency band has been allocated for safety and non-safety critical services in various regions of the world. Two radio access technologies have being defined and are currently competing for market adoption: IEEE Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE)/Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC) based on the IEEE 802.11p and 3GPP LTE Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X). Standard bodies have independently specified these technologies, which rely on different channel access schemes. Consequently, three major challenges arise when the two technologies are supposed to access the spectrum in the 5.9 GHz band: Coexistence, Interoperability and Backwards Compatibility. Moreover, multi-operator interoperability is another key issue for a wide market acceptance. In this paper, we propose an innovative way to use Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) infrastructure, preferably colocated with Coud-RAN, to enable interoperability between distinct vehicular communication systems operating in the same band at the same location. Moreover, we also show how MEC enables vehicles from multiple OEMs to communicate via multiple Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) and Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) service providers.
All-Directions Thorugh-the-Wall Imaging Using Omnidirectional Bi-Static FMCW Transceivers: Imaging Technique and Performance Evaluation

Through-the-wall imaging using wideband radars is a powerful tool for mapping buildings' interiors and detecting static and moving objects hidden behind the walls. However, the low mobility and limited field of view of conventional systems limit their imaging capability in real scenarios. All-direction through-the-wall imaging using omnidirectional bi-static transceivers has been recently proposed to address the limitations of currently available imaging systems. This paper introduces an image formation technique for all-directions through-the-wall imaging realized by a bi-static FMCW radar. It is shown that a FMCW radar architecture simplifies synchronization of bi-static transceivers and allows for correction of synchronization errors. Imaging through utilizing a previously fabricated radar system in conjunction with the proposed image formation technique shows that all-directions through-the-wall imaging method can provide high resolution, 360° images of building interiors and hidden objects with specular reflections.
Drug treatment strategies for depression in Parkinson disease.

Introduction: Depression is a common non-motor symptom in Parkinson disease (PD), occurring in approximately 20% of patients with PD. While depression can occur anytime in the disease process, it p...
Chapter 6 – Image Gallery

An image gallery is included near the end of the book in Chapter 6 to highlight some of the real technologies that make solar electricity possible.
Epstein-Barr virus–associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis syndrome and collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Collapsing glomerulopathy is a distinct and aggressive clinicopathologic variant of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Here we present a 46-year-old man with acute renal failure from biopsy-proven collapsing FSGS and nephrotic syndrome in the setting of a diagnosis of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis secondary to acute Epstein-Barr virus infection. This rare association has not been well described previously.