cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Eigenvalue Statistics of One-Face Maps

We examine the adjacency matrices of three-regular graphs representing one-face maps. Numerical studies reveal that the limiting eigenvalue statistics of these matrices are the same as those of much larger, and more widely studied classes from Random Matrix Theory. We present an algorithm for generating matrices corresponding to maps of genus zero, and find the eigenvalue statistics in the genus zero case differ strikingly from those of higher genus. These results lead us to conjecture that the eigenvalue statistics depend on the rigidity of the underlying map, and the distribution of scaled eigenvalue spacings shifts from that of the Gaussian Orthogonal Ensemble to the exponential distribution as the map size increases relative to the genus.
The Effect of Direct Instruction on Pronunciation: Only Evident When Conditions for Monitor Use Are Met?

The Effect of Direct Instruction on Pronunciation: Only Evident When Conditions for Monitor Use Are Met?
FOraging-habiTaT SElECTiOn OF blaCk-baCkEd WOOdpECkErS in FOrEST burnS OF SOuThWESTErn idahO

Abstract. We examined foraging-habitat selection of Black-backed Woodpeckers (Picoides arcticus) in burned forests of southwestern Idaho during 2000 and 2002 (6 and 8 years following wildfire). This woodpecker responds positively to large-scale fire disturbances and may be at risk from logging and post-fire management. With 100 radio-locations of four adult males, we used resource-selection probability functions in logistic form in an information-theoretic framework to model the Black-backed Woodpecker's selection of foraging habitat at fine and coarse spatial scales. Fine-scale data included characteristics of the foraging tree (tree level) and local habitat surrounding foraging trees (plot level, 0.04 ha), whereas coarse-scale data (224–778 ha) included patch characteristics within home ranges. Model selection by Akaike's information criterion identified a multi-scale model containing tree- and plot-level covariates, and their interaction, as the best model to characterize foraging trees. The positive e...
A ‘Names-and-Faces Approach’ to Stakeholder Identification and Salience: A Matter of Status

Despite its increasing popularity across management disciplines, stakeholder theory holds an important shortcoming in terms of its guidance for understanding the heterogeneity of stakeholder interests, claims, and behavior toward firms. Specifically, scholars note the inadequacy of generic categories of stakeholders (e.g., customers, employees, shareholders, and suppliers) in providing a realistic portrait of the groups and individuals that interact with the firm, opening the theory to much criticism for a ‘simplistic’ and ‘meaningless’ stakeholder concept. In face of this challenge, recent research is pointing to social identity as a mechanism to refine our understanding of stakeholders as names-and-faces, however we argue that despite the advancements offered by the social identity approach, it too presents limitations in its ability to guide managers in prioritizing stakeholder claims. Building on these nascent efforts to offer much needed nuance to a theory of stakeholder identification and prioritization, this paper draws from new advances in the management literature and offers status as an attribute that helps explain and predict how managers accord attention to their various constituents. We set forth five propositions connecting stakeholder status to the attention stakeholders receive from managers. We argue that status is a superior attribute of stakeholder identification and prioritization because it (1) accounts for groups and individuals’ uniqueness within broad categories of stakeholders in a dynamic way, (2) reconciles the dual nature of stakeholders as holding simultaneously a social and an economic identity in their claim toward the firm, and (3) provides a plausible explanation of, and intuitive guidance to, how managers accord attention to their firm’s stakeholders. Implications and future directions for research complete this article.
CHARACTERISTICS OF FROZEN FRIED CHICKEN PRODUCTS OBTAINED FROM A RETAIL STORE

Frozen fried chicken products were purchased monthly from a grocery store for 9 months. Two national brands were selected and 10 samples of each were studied. There was a significant difference (P < 0.01) between brands in percentages of meat, coating, bone and edible portions. Brand A contained 9.7% higher meat content than brand B but the coating content was 7.0% lower than the brand B. In general, the moisture and fat contents comprised approximately 49.7% and 14.5% of the edible portions, respectively. The ranges for TBA, peroxide and acid values of the edible portions were 2.1–9.2, 7.0–25.5 and 0.99–2.64, respectively.
Focused groundwater flow in a carbonate aquifer in a semi-arid environment

Summary An efficient conveyance system for groundwater is shown to have formed in a carbonate aquifer even though it is situated in a semi-arid environment. This conveyance system comprises preferential flow pathways that developed coincident with river channels. A strong correlation between high capacity wells and proximity to higher-order river channels (i.e., within 2.5 km) is used as evidence of preferential flow pathways. Factors that contributed to development of the preferential flow paths: (i) karst development in carbonate rocks, (ii) structural exhumation of a carbonate plateau, and (iii) the requirement that the groundwater regime of the watershed has adequate capacity to convey sufficient quantities of water at the required rates across the full extent of the watershed. Recognition of these preferential pathways in proximity to river channels provides a basis to locate where high capacity wells are likely (and unlikely) and indicates that groundwater flow within the watershed is relatively rapid, consistent with flow rates representative of karstic aquifers. This understanding provides a basis for better informed decisions regarding water-resource management of a carbonate aquifer in a semi-arid environment.
Tsc2 is not a critical target of Akt during normal Drosophila development

Signaling by insulin and target of rapamycin are both required for cell growth, but their interrelationships remain poorly defined. It was reported that Akt, an essential component of the insulin pathway, stimulates growth by phosphorylating and inhibiting tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2). Here we evaluate this model genetically in Drosophila by engineering Tsc2 mutants in which the Akt phosphorylation sites are changed to nonphosphorylatable or phospho-mimicking residues. Strikingly, such mutants completely rescue the lethality and cell growth defects of Tsc2-null mutants. Taken together, our data suggest that Tsc2 is not a critical substrate of Akt in normal Drosophila development.
Through-bridge electron transfer: A propagator study of a simple three-site model

Abstract Electron transfer in a model symmetrical bridged system A–B–A is investigated using single-particle Green's functions. The dependence of the rate of electron transfer and the degree of instantaneous spatial delocalization upon the energy of the basis orbital of the bridging species B, relative to the energy of the donor (and acceptor) species A, is investigated.
Anionic homopolymerization of ferrocenylmethyl methacrylate

Anionic polymerization of ferrocenylmethyl methacrylate (FMMA) was investigated using high-vacuum techniques. Initiators used included n-butyllithium, sodium naphthalide, potassium naphthalide, Grignard reagents (both C2H5MgBr and C6H5MgBr), sodium methoxide, and lithium aluminum hydride. FMMA polymerization was readily initiated by each of the above initiators with the exception of sodium methoxide. The molecular weight of poly(ferrocenylmethyl methacrylate) could be controlled by varying the monomer-to-initiator ratio when lithium aluminum hydride was used in tetrahydrofuran (THF). In this system, poly(ferrocenylmethyl methacrylate), soluble in benzene or THF, was prepared with Mn as high as 277,000 with a relatively narrow molecular weight distribution compared to samples prepared by radical-initiated polymerization. The Mark-Houwink values of K and a, determined in THF, were K = 4.94 × 10−2 and a = 0.53 (when M = Mn) and K = 3.72 × 10−2 and a = 0.51 (when M = Mw). It is clear that the polymer is moderately coiled in THF.
Existence of a periodic solution for continuous and discrete periodic second-order equations with variable potentials

Green’s functions for new second-order periodic differential and difference equations with variable potentials are found, then used as kernels in integral operators to guarantee the existence of a positive periodic solution to continuous and discrete second-order periodic boundary value problems with periodic coefficient functions. A new version of the Leggett-Williams fixed point theorem is employed.
Relative transition probabilities and the electronic transition moment in the A-X system of OH

Abstract Relative transition probabilities (branching ratios) for the vibrational levels v ′ = 0, 1 and 2 of the A-X system of the OH molecule have been measured using resonance fluorescence of individual rotational levels, selectively excited by a frequency doubled tunable dye laser. The results are utilized as part of the criteria in a critical assessment of previous experimental and theoretical investigations of the A-X transition probabilities, with the conclusion that a linear form of the electronic transition moment R e ( r ) best describes this system.
The Pathophysiology of Neuropathic and Non-Neuropathic Postural Tachycardia Syndrome (P05.203)

OBJECTIVE: To define the clinical characteristics, fatigue severity, autonomic function and differentiating features in individuals with neuropathic and non-neuropathic POTS. BACKGROUND: The postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is defined as an exaggerated heart rate in the upright position with symptoms of orthostatic intolerance. Some patients with POTS have an underlying small fiber neuropathy. DESIGN/METHODS: Twenty-four subjects with POTS and 10 healthy controls had skin biopsy analysis of intra-epidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD), quantitative sensory testing (QST) and autonomic testing. Subjects completed quality of life, fatigue and disability questionnaires. Subjects were categorized as neuropathic and non-neuropathic POTS, based on abnormal IENFD and/or heat and heat-pain detection thresholds. Differences in autonomic function and symptom questionnaires were analyzed by ANOVA with corrections for multiple analyses. Significance was set at P RESULTS: POTS subjects had greater fatigue, anxiety, physical impairment, orthostatic intolerance and perceived disability than controls (P CONCLUSIONS: Small fiber sensory neuropathy measures may be used to differentiate POTS subtypes. Individuals with non-neuropathic POTS have greater anxiety, orthostatic intolerance and perceived disability despite better overall autonomic function than those with neuropathic POTS. These findings suggest that different pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie the postural tachycardia in neuropathic and non-neuropathic POTS. These findings may have implications for therapeutic interventions to treat this disorder. Supported by: NIH NINDS K23NS050209 (CHG) and NIH RO1 HL059459 (RF). Disclosure: Dr. Gibbons has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bonyhay has nothing to disclose. Dr. Benson has nothing to disclose. Dr. Freeman has received personal compensation for activities with Pfizer, Abbott, Depomed, Johnson & Johnson, Sanofi, and Chelsea Pharmaceuticals. Dr. Freeman has received personal compensation in an editorical capacity for Autonomic Neuroscience - Basic and Clinical and Clinical Journal of Pain.
The Mcpba Oxidation of Alkyl Trimethylsilyl Ketene Acetals

Abstract Recent interest in developing methods for the synthesis of α-hydroxy esters has focused on both the direct oxygenation of ester enolates1 and the treatment of ester enolates with MoOPh (MoO5·Py·HMPA).2 Based upon our previous observations that enol silyl ethers3 and ketene bis(trimethylsilyl) acetals4 react with m-chloroperbenzoic acid (MCPBA) to afford high yields of the corresponding α-hydroxy carbonyl compounds we have attempted to extend the scope of this type of oxidation to include alkyl trimethylsilyl ketene acetals 1. We would like to report here that the treatment of 1 with MCPBA followed by treatment of the crude reaction mixture with triethylammonium fluoride leads to the high yield production of α-hydroxy esters 2. Since 1 are easily obtained from a variety of esters by using the method reported by Ainsworth5 the current procedure would appear to be quite general for the production of 2. Some representative examples are given in the Table. In the cases cited yields are uniformly high ...
EFFECTS OF ECTOPARASITISM ON HOST CONDITION IN THE DROSOPHILA-MACROCHELES SYSTEM

The effect of ectoparasitism by Macrocheles subbadius, a cosmopolitan me- sostigmatid mite, on testis and somatic condition (expressed as tissue dry mass per unit body length) of its natural host Drosophila nigrospiracula was evaluated experimentally. Male flies were infested 5 h posteclosion, and the condition of their testes and soma was determined following 4 and 6 d, i.e., at the age males of this species reach sexual maturity at 250C. Mite burdens were within the range encountered in the field. Both testis and body condition were significantly reduced among infested males compared with control, unin- fested males. Moreover, both measures of host condition decreased progressively with mite burden, demonstrating a dose-dependent effect of ectoparasitism. The slope of the function between ectoparasitism and testis condition was significantly steeper in males that had carried mites for 6 d as opposed to 4 d, demonstrating that the strength of the effect of ectoparasitism on testis condition depended also on the duration of infestation. A field study revealed negative relationships between mite burden and both body and testis con- dition, but only the relationship with body condition was statistically significant. Although thorax length (estimate of overall body length) was strongly positively correlated with dry testes and body mass, the interaction between thorax length and mite burden was not significant in regression analyses, in which either testis condition or body condition served as dependent variables. This lack of significant interaction effects indicates that larger males were not better able to buffer the physiological cost of ectoparasitism than smaller indi- viduals. Testis volume and testis width of infested males were also found to be significantly reduced relative to uninfested individuals, suggesting that infested males produce and store fewer sperm than uninfested males, and that infestation may reduce a male's effectiveness in sperm competition.
Phosphodiesterase in sieve-tube exudate of Cucurbita maxima

Summary A phosphodiesterase (PDE) occurring in sieve-tube exudate of Cucurbita maxima was investigated. The enzyme had a pl of 7.5 and an optimal pH of 5.5. Specific PDE activities of the dialyzed exudate were 0.33 mU for bis-(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate, 0.42 mU for 2′,-deoxythymidin-3′-p-nitrophenyl phosphate, and 0.32 mU for 2′-deoxythymidin-5′-p-nitro-phenyl phosphate. Fractionating the exudate on DEAE-cellulose yielded a single peak with PDE activity, which was eluted by 0.12 M NaCl. The enzyme, purified by isoelectric focusing, had a specific activity of 1.7 mU with bis-(4-nitrophenyl) phosphate as substrate. Although the purified enzyme was unstable, it has been shown that DNA and RNA are not affected; RNA-core, however, was split. Neither A3’: 5’MP (cyclic) nor other nucleoside 3′: 5′-(cyclic)monophosphates were hydrolyzed by the action of this enzyme.
Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography

E XPLORATION Of the extrahepatic biliary system is a common problem encountered in abdominal surgery today. Accurate presurgical information regarding the type and severity of the pathologic condition as well as the exact anatomic location of the lesion would be very beneficial to all surgeons preparing to operate on the extrahepatie biliary system. This article will briefly review the history of percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) and delineate its usage in our experience; it will indicate the major benefits obtained in eleven consecutive patients with extrahepatic biliary obstruction and on whom PTC was performed. Most of these patients are elderly and considered poor surgical risk; thus, having reliable advance information at a minimal risk is doubly rewarding. The usefulness of PTC is further augmented in moderate to severe jaundice when standard excretory eholeeystography and cholangiography have not visualized the biliary system.
Yielding and flow behavior of Mo5Si3 single crystals

Abstract Deformation behavior of Mo 5 Si 3 was studied using single crystals under compression. It was found that yielding and flow behavior were strongly dependent on temperature, strain rate and crystal orientation. A stress exponent and an activation enthalpy of lower yield stresses were estimated to be ≈6 and 4.5 eV, respectively.
The caenorhabditis elegans innexin INX-3 is localized to gap junctions and is essential for embryonic development

Innexins are the proposed structural components of gap junctions in invertebrates. Antibodies that specifically recognize the Caenorhabditis elegans innexin protein INX-3 were generated and used to examine the patterns of inx-3 gene expression and the subcellular sites of INX-3 localization. INX-3 is first detected in two-cell embryos, concentrated at the intercellular interface, and is expressed ubiquitously throughout the cellular proliferation phase of embryogenesis. During embryonic morphogenesis, INX-3 expression becomes more restricted. Postembryonically, INX-3 is expressed transiently in several cell types, while expression in the posterior pharynx persists throughout development. Through immuno-EM techniques, INX-3 was observed at gap junctions in the adult pharynx, providing supporting evidence that innexins are components of gap junctions. An inx-3 mutant was isolated through a combined genetic and immunocytochemical screen. Homozygous inx-3 mutants exhibit defects during embryonic morphogenesis. At the comma stage of early morphogenesis, variable numbers of cells are lost from the anterior of inx-3(lw68) mutants. A range of terminal defects is seen later in embryogenesis, including localized rupture of the hypodermis, failure of the midbody to elongate properly, abnormal contacts between hypodermal cells, and failure of the pharynx to attach to the anterior of the animal.
Coherence transfer processes in vibrational relaxation of polyatomic molecules in condensed media

Abstract The vibrational relaxation of a polyatomic molecule in a condensed host is studied by a consideration of two molecular vibrations. Relaxation processes, intermode coupling terms and vibrational frequency fluctuation contributions are retained. Population decay ( T 1 ), dephasing ( T 2 ), and coherence transfer rates are evaluated through second order in the limit where the host bath dynamics are rapid compared to these molecular timescales. The rates are expressed in terms of temperature and frequency dependent bath correlation functions. For the special case of a three level system (the ground state and ones where one of the two vibrational modes is excited) the important effects of anharmonicity are incorporated. It is shown that certain coherence transfer terms involve zero frequency bath correlation functions, so they should be larger than the high frequency ones which obey modified energy gap laws. A discussion is presented of the types of interactions which may contribute to these coherence transfer processes.
Heat shock gene expression in germinating ascospores of Neurospora tetrasperma

The activated ascospores of Neurospora tetrasperma were inactive in protein synthesis and did not accumulate transcripts for a constitutive protein until after 90 min of incubation. These spores were blocked even longer in the expression of a gene encoding a heat shock protein, hsp30, which could not be induced until after 300 min of spore germination. Early in germination the ascospores were highly susceptible to damage from moderately high temperatures. At the same time that spores became capable of expressing the hsp30 gene, there was a loss of cytosine methylation from the gene.
Ocular surface-evoked Fos-like immunoreactivity is enhanced in trigeminal subnucleus caudalis by prior exposure to endotoxin.

Endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) is a common animal model for anterior uveitis in humans that causes long-term changes in trigeminal brain stem neurons. This study used c-fos immunohistochemistry to assess the effects of different routes of administration of endotoxin on activation of trigeminal brain stem neurons produced by ocular surface stimulation. A single dose of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide (LPS)) given to male rats by systemic (i.p., 1 mg/kg) or intraocular (ivt, 20 microg) routes increased the number of Fos-positive neurons in rostral (trigeminal subnucleus interpolaris/subnucleus transition (Vi/Vc)) and caudal portions of trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (trigeminal subnucleus caudalis/upper cervical spinal cord transition (Vc/C(1-2))) by 20% mustard oil (MO) applied to the ocular surface 7 days, but not at 2 days, after LPS compared with naive rats. I.c.v. (20 microg) LPS did not affect MO-evoked Fos. To determine if the pattern of enhanced Fos expression after systemic LPS also depended on the nature of the ocular surface stimulus, additional groups received ocular stimulation by 10% histamine or dry eye conditions. Seven days, but not 2 days, after i.p. LPS both histamine- and dry eye-evoked Fos was increased at the Vi/Vc transition, while smaller effects were seen at other regions. These results suggested that EIU modulation of trigeminal brain stem neuron activity was mediated mainly by peripheral actions of LPS. Enhancement of Fos at the Vi/Vc region after MO, histamine and dry eye conditions supports the hypothesis that this region integrates innocuous as well as noxious sensory information, while more caudal portions of Vc process mainly nociceptive signals from the eye.
Performance and emissions of hydrogen fueled internal combustion engines

Abstract A description is given of the differences between hydrogen engines and engines running on hydrocarbon fuels. The remarkable properties of hydrogen provide the potential of high thermal efficiency at part load, by operating the engine unthrottled with lean mixtures. They also are the cause of pre-ignition and backfiring problems. The latter problems can be solved in a number of ways, among which are the use of direct cylinder fuel injection, of lean mixtures, or of low compression ratios. Direct cylinder injection has the additional advantage of providing a high maximum power output. A detailed discussion is given of the thermal efficiency of hydrogen engines. Also discussed are phenomena leading to irregular engine operation such as surface ignition and spark knock. A detailed analysis is given of NO production. For lean mixtures the NO emissions are limited by the rate of formation, and for rich mixtures by the rate of decomposition during the expansion process. NO emissions are negligibly small for fuel-air equivalence ratios below about 0.55. Peak NO emissions occur at equivalence ratios near 0.8, and are of the same order as for gasoline engines. It is concluded that the hydrogen engine is a practical possibility, likely to find a number of applications within the next few decades.
Physico-chemical and sensory quality of extruded light red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) porridge

Abstract A laboratory co-rotating twin-screw extruder was used to study the effect of extrusion conditions on physical, chemical, and sensory characteristics of extruded light red kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L). Raw bean flour was extruded at 25 g/100g and 36 g/100g moisture content. Other extrusion parameters were: barrel temperatures, 120 °C/105 °C (BT-1) and 130/115 °C (BT-2); screw speeds, 118 rpm (SS-1), 194 rpm (SS-2), and 253 rpm (SS-3); and feed rates of 80 and 120 g/min (FR-1 and FR-2, respectively). Extrudates were analyzed for expansion ratio (ER), bulk density (BD), water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI), and lectins, as phytohemagglutinin (PHA) activity. Sensory evaluation of bean porridge, obtained after coarsely grinding extrudates, was done to compare it to Sosuma, a traditional Rwandan porridge. Feed rate significantly influenced average ER, which was determined to be 1.22 and 1.30 for FR-1 and FR-2, respectively. Increasing moisture content from 25 g/100g to 36 g/100g significantly increased average BD. The WAI and WSI values did not show a clear trend under extrusion conditions used in this study. For all extruded samples, lectin was reduced to less than one-tenth of that in the raw beans. Sensory evaluation of bean porridge, on a 1–9 hedonic scale (1 = dislike extremely and 9 = like extremely), exhibited scores of 7.65, 7.69, 6.25, and 6.94 for color, texture, flavor, and overall acceptability, respectively.
The fabrication of nickel and chromium silicide using an XeCl excimer laser

Abstract The formation of nickel and chromium silicides using an XeCl excimer laser has been studied. Both metals are deposited to a thickness of 500 A by electron beam evaporation on silicon substrates. These layers are then processed using laser fluences ranging from 0.45 to 1.4 J/cm 2 , and a variable number of pulses. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM) indicate the formation of crystalline NiSi 2 and CrSi 2 at the Ni Si and Cr Si interfaces, respectively.
Influence of Kiln Atmospheres in Firing Structural Clay Products: II, Color Development and Burnout*

Color development of shale and fireclay bricks fired and cooled in various atmospheres was evaluated. Iron oxide is the primary colorant in most brick clays; the key to color development and control flexibility is control of the oxidation state and physical or mineralogical state of the iron in the brick, e.g. whether iron is present in a glassy phase, as free oxides, or in a more complex crystalline phase. The influence of H2O vapor on black core elimination was studied. Increasing H2O vapor concentrations in oxidizing atmospheres greatly accelerate the elimination of carbon by the water-gas reaction. The improved burnout depends on the type of carbon in the raw material, since carbon must be present above the temperature at which the water-gas reaction becomes effective.
Wave Analysis of In-Plane Vibrations of H- and T-shaped Planar Frame Structures

This paper concerns in-plane vibration analysis of coupled bending and longitudinal vibrations in H- and T-shaped planar frame structures. An exact analytical solution is obtained using wave vibration approach. Timoshenko beam theory, which takes into account the effects of both rotary inertia and shear distortion, is applied in modeling the flexural vibrations in the planar frame. Reflection and transmission matrices corresponding to incident waves arriving at the "T" joint from various directions are obtained. Bending and longitudinal waves generated by a combination of point longitudinal forces, point bending forces, and bending moments are also obtained. Assembling these wave relations provides a concise and systematic approach to both free and forced vibration analyses of coupled bending and longitudinal vibrations in H- and T-shaped planar frame structures. Natural frequencies, modeshapes, and forced responses are obtained from wave vibration standpoint. The results are compared to results available in literature. Good agreement has been reached.
Nucleoside modification in archaebacterial transfer RNA

Summary The current state of knowledge of nucleoside modification in archaebacterial tRNA is reviewed, and sequence-specific modification patterns are compared with those from eubacteria and eukaryotes. The importance of post-transcriptional modification in tRNA derives from its close association with the role of tRNA in protein synthesis and other regulatory functions, including cellular adaptation to stress. From compositional data from unfractionated tRNA and from 59 archaebacteria isoacceptor sequences, 19 modified nucleosides are presently known, 3 of which are uniquely archaebacterial, compared with more than 60 in eubacteria and eukaryotes. The frequency of modification is similar to eubacteria and lower than in eukaryotes, while a number of specific modifications found are eukaryotic in nature. Compared with tRNA from the other primary kingdoms, the range of nucleoside modifications found in the anticodon loops is low, and is high in the variable loop.
Photoconductivity and optical properties of amorphous GeTe

Abstract Unlike crystalline GeTe, amorphous GeTe has a relatively wide energy gap of 0.7 eV at 295°K, and 0.77 eV at 77°K. Its resistivity is about 10 3 ohm-cm at room temperature, and increases exponentially with T −1 , giving an activation energy of 0.35 eV. The crystallization temperature for the amorphous GeTe films is about 390°K. The measured absorption coefficient is used to calculate a density of states which behaves very much as one would expect on the basis of the Mott model. The photocurrent for low photon energies has a long lifetime of tens of milliseconds, however, at higher photon energies, above 1 eV, the lifetime is less than 30 nsec. At low temperatures the fast lifetime is slowed to a few μsec. Near room temperatures where the thermally generated carrier density is approximately 3 × 10 16 cm −3 , obtained from our density of states, the dependence of the photocurrent on the light intensity is linear; below 150°K, the intensity dependence is a square root law, indicating bimolecular recombination.
Probabilities of majority and minority violation in proportional representation

Apportionment methods are used in proportional representation systems for rounding electoral vote proportions to integer numbers of seats in parliament. Many criteria are known to judge this adjustment process and to decide whether a specific method is suitable for practical use. As in general it is not possible to fulfill all desired criteria together, it is necessary to consider probabilities of violated criteria for specific apportionment methods. This paper demonstrates how to calculate the probability of such violations for the important majority and minority criteria by means of a recently developed geometric-combinatorial approach. Results are given for several popular apportionment methods.
Exact Solution to a Lens Problem

Exact solution is obtained for the diffraction of plane electromagnetic waves by an elliptic cylindrical lens surrounding an infinitely long parallel slit in a perfectly conducting plane. Results are expressed in terms of Mathieu functions. Approximate expressions for the expansion coefficients for the diffracted waves, the scattered intensity at infinity, and the transmission coefficients are also obtained in the long-wavelength (Rayleigh scattering) limit. Possible numerical investigations are discussed.
Upper limits of the rate constants for the reactions of CFCl3(F-11), CF2Cl2(F-12), and N2O with OH. Estimates of corresponding lower limits to their tropospheric lifetimes

A discharge-flow system with resonance fluorescence detection of OH is used to study the reactions of CFCl3, CF2Cl2, and N2O with OH at temperatures up to 480 K. Little, if any reaction was found, with upper limits of 5, 6, and 4 x 10 to the -16th cu cm/s reported at 480 K for the three rate constants. A very simple model is used to calculate removal times exceeding 10,000 years for reaction with tropospheric OH.
Customized user services via interactions with leadermart

Abstract LEADERMART is a fully operational information retrieval system featuring on-line inter-active service to a wide variety of user groups in business, industry, government, and universities. With the availability of many computer-readable bibliographic data bases, experience with users dictated the development of special-purpose information products based on a thorough understanding of individual client needs, and the delivery of such products in a customized form. Each different application required a different package, with variations of both software and data base coverage. These packages were developed via suitable modification of modular system software to result in products tailored to user idiosyncracies. The paper describes problems associated with these repackaging procedures, and discusses the changes brought about by the introduction of an on-line, interactive retrieval service into the operating environment of users. Implications for networking and resource-sharing, focusing upon cost-effectiveness and performance measures, are also discussed.
Complete pathologic response of HER2-positive breast cancer liver metastasis with dual Anti-HER2 antagonism

Although breast cancer frequently metastasizes to the bones and brain, rarely breast cancer patients may develop isolated liver metastasis. There is increasing data that anti-HER2 targeted therapy in conjunction with systemic chemotherapy may lead to increased rates of pathologic complete response in the primary breast cancer. However, little is known about its effects on metastatic liver disease. We report the treatment of a 54-year-old female who was diagnosed with HER2-positive invasive ductal carcinoma and synchronous breast cancer liver metastasis (BCLM). The patient underwent eight cycles of standard docetaxel with two anti-HER2 targeted agents, trastuzumab and pertuzumab. Subsequent radiographic imaging demonstrated complete radiographic response in the primary lesion with an approximate 75% decrease in the liver metastasis. After informed consent the patient underwent modified radical mastectomy that revealed pathologic complete response. Re-staging demonstrated no new disease outside the liver and a left hepatectomy was performed for resection of BCLM. Final pathologic examination revealed no residual malignant cells in the liver specimen, indicating pathologic complete response. Herein, we discuss the anti-HER2 targeted agents trastuzumab and pertuzumab and review the data on dual HER2 antagonism for HER2-positive breast cancer and the role of surgical resection of BCLM. The role of targeted agents for metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer is under active clinical trial investigation and we await the maturation of trial results and long-term survival data. Our results suggest that these agents may also be effective for producing considerable pathologic response in patients with BCLM.
Isolation and characterization of 14 polymorphic microsatellite loci in the ringneck snake Diadophis punctatus (Colubridae: Dipsadinae)

We constructed a genomic library and developed 14 polymorphic loci to assess species boundaries between previously described mtDNA lineages and to examine the genetic variability between populations of the ringneck snake Diadophis punctatus species complex. Polymorphism was investigated for these markers in 34 individuals from populations in southeastern Louisiana and southern Florida. The number of alleles ranged from 5 to 29, expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.816 to 0.962 and observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.452 to 0.889. These new loci provide the tools necessary to examine species boundaries, population genetics within species and to determine the conservation status of imperiled populations.
On a decision rule using dichotomies for identifying the nonnegligible parameter in certain linear models

Abstract Consider the class of linear models (with uncorrelated observation, each having variance σ2), in which it is known that at most k (location) parameters are negligible, but it is not known which are negligible. The problem is to identify the nonnegligible parameters. In this paper, for k = 1, and under certain restrictions on the model, a technique is developed for solving this problem, which has the feature of requiring (in an information theoretic sense) the minimum amount of computation. (It can “search through” 2m objects, using m “steps.”) The technique consists of dichotomizing the set of parameters (one known subset possibly containing the nonnegligible element, and the other not), using chi-square variables. A method for computing the probability that the correct parameter is identified, is presented, and an important application to factorial search designs is established.
The man-vehicle systems research facility - A new NASA aeronautical R & D facility

A new flight simulation facility nearing completion at the NASA Ames Research Center is described. The facility is intended to support aeronautical human factors research and consists of a new building, two full mission flight simulators and an air traffic control simulator. Special features of the new facility are described which make it particularly well suited for human factors research.
By Birth or Consent: Children, Law & the Anglo-American Revolution in Authority – Holly Brewer

The author of this volume has written two books, magnificently intertwined. In the first of these, she argues that new views of the capacity of children and the proper rearing of the young transfor...
RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SUSPENSIONS OF SOLID SPHERES IN NON-NEWTONIAN FLUIDS

Abstract A theoretical expression based on the cell model has been developed to predict the dependence of the flow properties of a suspension in a wide range of solids concentration when the dispersing medium is a non-Newtonian liquid. Theoretical predictions show that the increase of the relative consistency coefficient of a suspension with increasing particle concentration is less dramatic when the flow index of the suspending medium is lower. Comparison with published data shows that the predictions of the present model for the relative consistency coefficient of a suspension in a non-Newtonian fluid are fairly accurate.
Lactogenic receptor regulation in hormone-stimulated steroidogenic cells.

Receptor sites for lactogenic hormones such as prolactin (PRL), human growth hormone (HGH), and placental lactogens, are widely distributed in mammalian tissues, including mammary glands1, steroid-secreting cells of the adrenal, testis, and ovary, and target cells of steroid hormone action such as liver, prostrate, and kidney2,3. Although the biological functions of lactogen binding sites remain uncertain, a relationship between prolactin and lipoprotein metabolism is implied by the occurrence of prolactin receptors in steroidogenic cells of the gonads and adrenal, and by the ability of prolactin to increase esterified cholesterol in the testis4. Recently, loss of testicular prolactin receptors has been observed following elevation of circulating luteinising hormone (LH) concentrations by the gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and its agonist analogues5,6. The hormone dependence of lactogen receptor sites in steroid-secreting cells was further analysed in rat testis, ovary, and adrenal glands after treatment with the respective trophic hormones, gonadotropin and ACTH. In each of these tissues, rapid and transient loss of lactogen receptors was observed after trophic hormone stimulation. These findings indicate that increased turnover of lactogen receptors is an important component of the target-cell response, and suggest that prolactin receptors might be involved in the transport of lipoprotein precursors for steroid biosynthesis.
Penetration and Diffusion of X-Rays: Calculation of Spatial Distributions by Semi-Asymptotic Methods

Methods are presented for calculating x-ray spectra in an infinite homogeneous medium. These methods are particularly useful for calculating spectra at great distances from the radiation source. The transport equation is solved numerically by characterizing angular and spatial distributions with a small number of suitable parameters. Attention is called to a mathematical technique which is extremely useful for this purpose, whereby a function may be approximated from a knowledge of moments, derivatives, or values. Sample numerical applications include spectral intensities at various distances from a plane monodirectional 10.22-Mev x-ray source in Pb and a plane monodirectional 5.11-Mev source in Fe.
Self-Assembly in Aqueous Solutions of Polyether-Modified Poly(acrylic acid)

Self-assembly in aqueous solutions of poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(propylene oxide)-b-poly(ethylene oxide)-g-poly(acrylic acid) has been studied. The onsets of aggregation and the relative viscosity increase coincide. Below the gelation temperature both relative and zero-shear viscosities grow as the square root of total polymer concentration, defining polymer solutions as semidilute and unentangled. Significant differences between complex and steady-shear viscosities in the low-shear, low-frequency regions are observed, in contrast to the Cox−Merz rule. Gelation is characterized by the appearance of well-defined, slow relaxation modes above frequencies corresponding to the liquidlike flow. The gel elasticity can be related to the functionality of aggregates that increases with the polymer concentration.
PS1-29: Changing the Culture of Medicine: An Exploration of Lean Healthcare in Primary Care.

Background/Aims Despite its soaring costs, healthcare in the U.S. still suffers from inefficiencies and wastefulness. Given recent health care reform efforts, healthcare organizations know significant change is on the horizon, and in anticipation of that, some organizations have begun adopting delivery systems that address these wastes and inefficiencies. One system that has gained considerable attention in recent years is commonly referred to as Lean Healthcare. Originating from the manufacturing industry, this approach to healthcare focuses on retaining value for the patient and eliminating non-value or waste. However, implementing Lean healthcare is not without its challenges. One major challenge to implementing Lean is essentially cultural. More specifically, the values and norms associated with Lean and those deeply entrenched in the field of medicine may conflict, and therefore reconciling them may be necessary to successfully implement Lean.
The tensor force and the Kowalski-Noyes representation for the t-matrix

Abstract A formulation of the Kowalski-Noyes representation of the t -matrix is developed using Weinberg's quasiparticle formalism. Such a representation leads to non-singular integral equations for the t -matrix. It also suggests a separable approximation to the t -matrix, which reduces the Faddeev equations to coupled equations in one continuous variable. This separable approximation satisfies the off-shell unitarity relation, and has the corre behavior in the neighborhood of bound-state and resonance energies. The formulation given allows for a treatment of tensor forces.
Individual and Contextual-Level Factors Associated with Continuity of Care for Adults with Schizophrenia

This retrospective cohort study examined rates of conformance to continuity of care treatment guidelines and factors associated with conformance for persons with schizophrenia. Subjects were 8,621 adult Ohio Medicaid recipients, aged 18–64, treated for schizophrenia in 2004. Information on individual-level (demographic and clinical characteristics) and contextual-level variables (county socio-demographic, economic, and health care resources) were abstracted from Medicaid claim files and the Area Resource File. Outcome measures captured four dimensions of continuity of care: (1) regularity of care; (2) transitions; (3) care coordination, and (4) treatment engagement. Multilevel modeling was used to assess the association between individual and contextual-level variables and the four continuity of care measures. The results indicated that conformance rates for continuity of care for adults with schizophrenia are below recommended guidelines and that variations in continuity of care are associated with both individual and contextual-level factors. Efforts to improve continuity of care should target high risk patient groups (racial/ethnic minorities, the dually diagnosed, and younger adults with early onset psychosis), as well as community-level risk factors (provider supply and geographic barriers of rural counties) that impede access to care.
GROWTH AND PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF PORCINE CORONARY ARTERY SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS

Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation significantly contributes to atherosclerotic plaque formation and limits the success rate of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. We derived a population of porcine coronary artery SMCs to characterize VSMC proliferation and phenotype in preparation to study the molecular actions of VSMC mitogens and antiproliferative agents. Growth assays were designed to minimize the estrogen content in the culture medium, since this steroid hormone significantly influences VSMC growth and the expression of VSMC mitogens and their receptors. Culture conditions were identified such that this criterion was achieved while maintaining a significant VSMC growth rate. Cells cultured in serum-free medium, regardless of growth factor supplements, did not remain adherent to a plastic culture substrate, nor did they proliferate. Dextran-coated charcoal (DCC)-treated sera, including fetal bovine, calf, and porcine, supported VSMC adhesion, but not growth. Whole fetal bovine serum (FBS) produced the best proliferative response. A type-I collagen-coated culture surface significantly enhanced VSMC growth, but only in culture medium containing non-DCC-treated FBS. Flow cytometry analyses confirmed the mitogenic effects of this substrate. The VSMCs exhibited a morphological change on type-I collagen, but this was not accompanied by a change in VSMC phenotype. Our data indicate that culture of these porcine coronary artery SMCs in 2.5% FBS plus 10 ng platelet-derived growth factor-BB per ml in phenol red-free medium on type-I collagen may be the optimal conditions for studying the molecular aspects of VSMC mitogens and antiproliferative agents.
A recipe for success? Ingredients of a successful peacekeeping mission

This article seeks to determine why the UN has been more successful in managing some internal conflicts than others. First, success is defined broadly – limiting violence, reducing human suffering, and containing the conflict as well as fulfilling the mission's mandate. Second, a broad set of potential determinants of success collected from the literature is tested using an analysis of 17 peacekeeping missions from 1945 to 1998. This study confirms the hypotheses that mission success is tied to UN commitment, absence of external support for the belligerents, successful diplomatic efforts, and a low degree of mutual antagonism. Contrary to expectations, the involvement of great powers or regional organizations, the presence of military stalemate, and the absence of an ethnic component did not appear to be correlated to success. Specific characteristics of missions such as duration and size did not appear to have an effect.
Immediate postplacental IUD insertion at cesarean delivery: a prospective cohort study

Abstract Background Immediate postplacental insertion of intrauterine devices (IUDs) during cesarean delivery could reduce a substantial barrier to access to long-term effective contraception. Initiating IUD use prior to discharge from the hospital postpartum eliminates a 6-week postpartum waiting period and an additional office visit. Study Design This was a prospective cohort study of 90 patients undergoing cesarean delivery. After delivery of the placenta, a copper T380A IUD was inserted into the endometrial cavity through the incision. The study participants were followed up at 6 weeks and 6 months postpartum. This study was conducted at the Weiler Division of the Montefiore Medical Center and at the Jacobi Medical Center in the Bronx, NY. Results Forty-three (48%) women returned for their 6-week follow-up visits, and among those, no expulsions were recorded. Forty-two (47%) women were reached for phone follow-up at 6 months postpartum, and 80% reported being “happy” or “very happy” with their IUD. Conclusions Immediate postplacental IUD insertion at the time of cesarean delivery is safe and acceptable.