cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Subjectivity and Subjugation in Seventeenth-Century Drama and Prose: “Visions are seldom all they seem”: La Princesse de Clèves and the end of Classical illusions

Voir ouvre tout l'espace au desir, mais voir ne suffit pas au desir. (J. Starobinski, L'Œil vivant , p. 13) She had lived quietly with her old mother, of whom she was the sole support. (Freud, “A Case of Paranoia,” St. Ed . 14, p.263) The Princesse de Cleves is, I would suggest, the most theoretical text of the French seventeenth century. I am here using “theoretical” advisedly, and with less coyness than may at first appear. Across its origin, “theory” leads us back to a vision, to a sighting of the world arranged for the eye, for the appetency of the eye, as a “scene”, a “tableau.” With its source in thea , the Greek root meaning “look”, “see,” it intersects with “theater” as that space which is presented to the eye, given to vision, as a production, as an arrangement that transcends the indifferent heterogeneity of the world in an image of (created) order, a theatrum mundi . Nevertheless, the chiasmatic juncture, the imbroglio of theory and theater, their inseparable origin in/as a vision, reminds us that there is never any simple division possible between the “intellectual” scaffolding of a metaphysical vision and the merely physical ocularity, framing the way we see the world in its supposedly objective reality. Both exist in collusion, the inextricable conjunction of illusion with reality, being with seeming, exterior reality with interior reality.
Identification of topology changes in power grids using phasor measurements

Phasor measurement units PMUs are increasingly important for monitoring the state of an electrical power grid and quickly detecting topology changes caused by events such as lines going down or large loads being dropped. Phasors are complex?valued measurements of voltage and current at various points of generation and consumption. If a line goes down or a load is removed, power flows change throughout the grid according to known physical laws, and the probability distribution of phasor measurements changes accordingly. This paper develops a method to estimate the current topology of a power grid from phasor measurements and considers the design goal of placing PMUs at strategic points in a distribution system to achieve good sensitivity to single?line outages. From a vector of phasor measurements, probabilities are computed corresponding to the scenario that all power lines are operational and to alternate scenarios in which each line goes down individually. These probabilities are functions of the joint distributions of phasor measurements under each possible scenario, obtained through Monte Carlo simulations with random load profiles. We use log?spline densities to estimate marginal distributions of phasor measurements and fold these into a multivariate Gaussian copula to capture important correlations. Sensitivity to outages varies according to which line goes down and where PMUs are placed on the grid. A greedy search algorithm is demonstrated for placing PMUs at locations that provide good sensitivity to single?line outages. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Haplotype analysis of common variants in the BRCA1 gene and risk of sporadic breast cancer

Introduction Truncation mutations in the BRCA1 gene cause a substantial increase in risk of breast cancer. However, these mutations are rare in the general population and account for little of the overall incidence of sporadic breast cancer.
PROJETO SUJEITOS EM AÇÃO: DESAFIOS CONTEMPORÂNEOS EM DUAS COOPERATIVAS DE RECICLAGEM APOIADAS PELO TECNOSOCIAL/UNILASALLE.

This article has as purpose to present a work experience of the team of the project Subjects in action: income generation and citizenship, implemented by the Technosocial/Unilasalle and supported by the Caixa Economica Federal . It is a proposal that aims at providing better working conditions, social development and increase the income generation in two enterprises of solidarity economy of Canoas/RS: The Sol Nascente Cooperative of Solid Residues Recyclers – the Coopersol and the Uniao Faz a Forca Cooperative of Selective Collection – and the Coopermag. Initially, we briefly describe the project and the work developed by the Technosocial. Then, we present the scenario of the communities emphasizing the challenges faced by the groups, as well as their expectations and dreams. Finally, we argue as of a methodological proposal that seeks to supplant the dualism among educators and students and, in the same way, set up dialogically strategies to overcome extreme poverty, focusing the income increase of the enterprises and, consequently, the workers’ quality of life improvement of the recycling cooperatives.
Metabolism of chlormezanone in man and laboratory animals

Abstract The metabolism of chlormezanone has been studied in rats, dogs, and man. After oral administration to the rat, the tissue : plasma concentration ratios are very close to unity, and the mean decrease in concentrations between 2 and 4 hr postmedication is about 30 per cent. In the dog, an oral dose of 7 mg/kg gives a peak plasma level of 5–6 μg/ml, while 200 mg/kg gives a peak level of 140–160 μg/ml. The plasma half-lives for these doses, however, are quite different: about 4 and 12 hr respectively. One hr after the intravenous administration of 25 mg/kg to dogs, the plasma level is about 30 μg/ml, and the regression rate indicates a plasma half-life of 10 hr. In man a single 400-mg dose gives a peak plasma level of 5–6 μg/ml, with an indicated plasma half-life of 24 hr. The use of a simple first-order absorption and elimination model has permitted the calculation of a human dosage schedule designed to maintain the plasma level almost constantly between 5 and 10 μg/ml, and this schedule has been verified experimentally. Chlormezanone is excreted as such in human urine and dog bile. Its ingestion by man results in the excretion of no extra glucuronic acid but does lead to the excretion in the urine of an acid which is evidently 4-chlorohippuric. It appears, therefore, that the degradation of chlormezanone in man may be explained largely on the basis of a nonenzymatic hydrolysis, followed by oxidation and conjugation of the 4-chlorobenzaldehyde formed in the hydrolytic reaction.
Recession and Migration: A New Era for Labor Migration?:

The current recession, the worst in a half century, is likely to affect international migration differently than past recessions. In 1973–1974 and 1981–1982, rising oil prices led to recessions in oil-importing countries and economic booms in oil-exporting countries, enabling some migrants to shift from bust to boom areas, as from Europe to the Middle East. The 1997–1998 Asian financial crisis did not spread globally, and was followed by a relatively quick resumption of economic and job growth that attracted migrant workers. The 2008–2009 recession is most severe in countries that had the most severe debt excesses, including the U.S., Spain, and Eastern Europe, and in countries most dependent on trade, including many Asian countries. New deployments of migrants are likely to slow, but what is not yet clear is how many migrants who lose jobs will remain abroad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Callus and Shoot Regeneration from Protoplasts of Proso Millet (Panicum miliaceum L.)

Summary A system for the regeneration of callus and albino plantlets from protoplasts of proso millet is described. Rapidly growing albino suspensions derived from mature seeds were used as the source of protoplasts. Protoplasts were cultured in drops of 0.07–0.25 ml in KM medium containing 1.0 mg · l−1 2,4-D and BAP. After 5 days, 7% of protoplasts had reformed cell walls and divided to form microcalli, but only 0.4% of plated protoplasts formed macrocalli. Over 20 albino shoots, 5 plantlets, and many roots were initiated by apparent somatic embryogenesis from protoplast-derived calli cultured for one or more passages on LS medium minus hormones.
Infant Child Care and Compliance in the Second Year: A Short-Term Longitudinal Analysis of Contextual Factors

The present study was designed to examine the relation between infant care and compliance in toddlers in a short-term longitudinal sample. This study also attempted to investigate mother and child moderators of this relationship. Sixty mothers participated when their toddlers were 14 months old, and 52 at 18 months. By 12 months, 20 infants had experienced full-time child care, 20 part-time child care, and 20 exclusive mother care. At both times, mothers were videotaped with their toddler during a compliance task. Part-time infant care children were less compliant with mother at 14 months, but this difference disappeared by 18 months. Maternal instrumental style was most predictive of compliance and noncompliance at both ages.
Credit union taxation: Competitive effects

It has been argued that credit unions should be subject to a federal income tax because it would make other financial institu'fions me, re competitive. The purpose of this research is to demonstrate, through the development of a mathematical model, that the perceived effects of crealit union taxation are incorrect and would actually result in: 1) other financial institutions becoming less competitive after the imposition of an income tax, and 2) many credit unions avoiding the tax liability through the use of an appropriate combination of lower effectlvc loan rates and in~reased dividend paymerits. Consequently, the impogition of an ,~ncome tax will fail to provide the perceived benefits.
Predicting Success in Residential Substance Abuse Interventions: New Jersey’s Pre-Release Incarceration Alternatives

Halfway houses (HWHs) are a common intervention for substance-abusing offenders. Facilities utilized to provide treatment for correctional populations are typically privately managed, often leading...
Distributed localization of wireless sensor networks using self-organizing maps

As larger sets of wireless sensor networks are being deployed, an important characteristic of the network which could enhance its capabilities is position awareness. While several approaches have been proposed for localization, that is, position awareness without using GPS, most techniques are either centralized or rely on anchor nodes. In this paper, a decentralized localization method is developed, based upon self-organizing maps. The algorithm is implemented for different size networks and the simulation results show the algorithm is efficient when compared to single processor or centralized localization methods; further the approach does not require anchor nodes. An error analysis shows that the proposed approach is a feasible method for computing the localization of sensor networks using a distributed architecture.
Mismatched estimation and relative entropy in vector Gaussian channels

We derive a novel relation between mismatched estimation and relative entropy (KL divergence) in vector Gaussian channels under the mean squared estimation criterion. This relation includes as special cases several previous results connecting estimation theory and information theory. A direct proof is provided, together with a verification using Gaussian inputs. An interesting relationship between the KL divergence and Fisher divergence is derived as a direct consequence of our work. The relations established here are potentially useful for inference in graphical models and the design of information systems.
T1 theorem for Besov and Triebel-Lizorkin spaces

Using the discrete Calderon type reproducing formula and the Plancherel-Polya characterization for the Besov and Triebel-Lizorkin spaces, theT1 theorem for the Besov and Triebel-Lizorkin spaces was proved.
Characterization of a pineal-independent diurnal rhythm in neural estrogen receptors and its possible behavioral consequences

We have previously reported a diurnal variation in brain cytoplasmic estrogen receptors in female rats in the absence of circulating estrogens. In this report we characterize this diurnal rhythm. Levels of cytoplasmic estrogen receptors are greater during light periods than during dark periods in the hypothalamus and in the preoptic area of ovariectomized (OVX) rats. A similar diurnal variation in cytoplasmic receptor content is also found in the brains of female hamsters, but no light-dark differences are seen in the brains of castrated male rats. β-Adrenergic blockade, which inhibits pineal function, had a marginal effect on receptor concentration during the dark. However, pinealectomy did not alter light-dark differences in receptor concentration. The behavioral consequences of the diurnal fluctuations in levels of cytoplasmic estrogen receptors were investigated. Seven different estrogen regimens were administered to OVX female rats at light and dark time points; progesterone was injected 5 h before behavioral testing. Six estrogen paradigms providing comparable hormonal stimuli in the light and dark failed to induce diurnal differences in sexual receptivity. One estrogen regimen consisting of a Silastic capsule of unesterified estradiol in oil followed 24 h later by a pulse of estradiol induced higher levels of sexual receptivity when treatment began during dark periods than during light periods. In parallel experiments nuclear estrogen receptor levels were measured by exchange assay 4 h after Silastic capsules were implanted. Higher levels of nuclear receptors were found during dark periods compared to light periods. Light-dark differences in nuclear translocation of receptors and behavioral sensitivity to estrogen are probably a consequence of light-dark differences in release of estradiol from Silastics resulting in light-dark differences in serum estradiol. Since these serum levels of hormone are quite low (less than 3 pg/ml), the effectiveness of the Silastic-pulse paradigm suggests the importance of small early changes of estradiol levels during the estrous cycle and supports a two-phase mechanism of estrogen action. Saturating doses of estradiol produce similar levels of brain nuclear estrogen receptors whether administered at light or dark time points. Thus, cytoplasmic estrogen receptor content is not indicative of the functional effectiveness of the receptors.
Human-computer interface development tools: a methodology for their evaluation

A comprehensive checklist-based methodology produces quantifiable criteria for evaluating and comparing human-computer interface development tools along two dimensions: functionality and usability. An empirical evaluation shows that the methodology which is in use in several corporate interface development environments, produces reliable (consistent) results
Analysis of STAT laboratory turnaround times before and after conversion of the hospital information system.

BACKGROUND: Modern electronic health record systems (EHRS) reportedly offer advantages including improved quality, error prevention, cost reduction, and increased efficiency. This project reviewed the impact on specimen turnaround times (TAT) and percent compliance for specimens processed in a STAT laboratory after implementation of an upgraded EHRS. METHODS: Before EHRS implementation, laboratory personnel received instruction and training for specimen processing. One laboratory member per shift received additional training. TAT and percent compliance data sampling occurred 4 times monthly for 13 months post-conversion and were compared with the mean of data collected for 3 months pre-conversion. Percent compliance was gauged using a benchmark of reporting 95% of all specimens within 7 min from receipt. RESULTS: Control charts were constructed for TAT and percent compliance with control limits set at 2 SD and applied continuously through the data collection period. TAT recovered to pre-conversion levels by the 6th month post-conversion. Percent compliance consistently returned to pre-conversion levels by the 10th month post-conversion. Statistical analyses revealed the TAT were significantly longer for 3 months post-conversion (P CONCLUSIONS: Extensive efforts were made to train and prepare personnel for challenges expected after the EHRS upgrade. Specific causes identified with the upgraded EHRS included multiple issues involving personnel and the EHRS. These data suggest that system and user issues contributed to delays in returning to pre-conversion TAT and percent compliance levels following the upgrade in the EHRS.
Interactive strategy sets in multiple payoff games

Abstract In game theory, it is usually assumed that each player has only one payoff function and the strategy set of the game is composed of the topological product of individual players’ strategy sets. In real business and system design or control problems, however, players’ strategy sets may be interactive and each player may have more than one payoff function. This paper, investigates the more general situation of multiple payoff and multiple person games in a normal form. In this paper, each player has several payoff functions which are dominated by certain convex cones, and the feasible strategy set of each player may be interactive with those of the other players. This new model is applied to a classical example without requiring variational and quasi-variational inequalities, or point-to-set mappings.
The relationship between the multiplicative and mixed generators modulo 2b

In 1951, D. H. Lehmer [4] first proposed the linear congruential technique, Xn+1 ≡ aXn + c (Mod M) as a source of random numbers. This technique has since become known as the multiplicative random number generator for c = 0 and as the mixed random number generator for c ≠ 0.
Microinjection and localization of a 130K protein in living fibroblasts: a relationship to actin and fibronectin

Summary A 130,000 dalton protein (130K protein), isolated from smooth muscle and having an as yet unknown function, has been studied through the use of microinjection of the protein covalently labeled with the fluorescent dye fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) into living cultured mammalian cells. The distribution of the 130K protein has also been investigated by several different methods including double label fluorescence microscopy of cells microinjected with FITC-130K protein and subsequently stained for 130K protein, actin or fibronectin by indirect immunofluorescence with rhodamine isothiocyanate (RITC)-labeled antibodies. Visualization of fluorescence in living fibroblasts 2–4 hr after microinjection of FITC-130K protein showed two major distributions of the fluorescent protein. One of these appeared as bright focal patches on the lower surface of the cells, and was similar to the distribution recently found by Geiger (1979) using immunofluorescent localization. Double label fluorescent microscopy of cells injected with FITC-130K protein and stained for actin 2 hr later by indirect immunofluorescence (RITC-antibodies) demonstrated that this focal distribution was at the ends of actin microfilament bundles. A second major distribution observed for the injected protein had a streaky or fibrillar appearance more commonly (but not always) located beneath the upper surface of the cell. Using antibodies against fibronectin and double label fluorescence microscopy, this second distribution of the injected protein was shown to correlate closely with the distribution of surface fibronectin on these cells. Where the fibronectin extended beyond a cell, the 130K protein remained strictly cellular and often appeared concentrated as if in an anchorage point. These findings suggest a possible role for the 130K protein in the organization of actin filaments at membrane attachment sites, and demonstrate that proteins of unknown function can be studied by the microinjection of their fluorescently labeled conjugates into living cells.
Diruthenium compounds of heterocycle-containing acetylides

Novel diruthenium compounds containing heterocycle-acetylide are reported here. Ru 2 (Y-DMBA) 4 (C C-2-pyrimidine) 2 were prepared from the reaction between Ru 2 (Y-DMBA) 4 (NO 3 ) 2 and HC C-2-pyrimidine in the presence of Et 2 NH, where Y-DMBA is either N , N ′-dimethylbenzamidinate (DMBA, Y = H) or N , N ′-dimethyl-(3-methoxy)benzamidinate (Y = 3-CH 3 O). Ru 2 (Y-DMBA) 4 (C C-4- N -methylpyridinium) 2 were obtained through the methylation of known compounds Ru 2 (Y-DMBA) 4 (C C-4-pyridine) 2 . Both the structural and voltammetric data are consistent with the heterocycles being moderate electron acceptors.
SPEECH-SOUNDS PERCEPTION TEST: LONG- AND SHORT-FORMS RELIABILITY ADJUSTED FOR ITEM DIFFICULTY

The internal consistency reliability of the Speech-Sounds Perception Test was computed for the long form (.9159), short form (.8410), and the six series (.6109 to .7310). The total sample (N = 632) consisted of normal, diffusely brain-damaged, and undiagnosed patients referred for assessment.
Far-Field Induced Drag Prediction Using Vorticity Confinement Technique

The goal of this study is to show the efficiency of the wake-integral technique coupled with vorticity confinement method for the prediction of induced drag by inviscid numerical modeling. While the vorticity confinement method has previously been used to capture trailing vortices, its quantitative effect on improving wake-integral drag predictions has not been investigated. In the present study, parameters of vorticity confinement are tuned and the advantages of using a variable confinement parameter are demonstrated. A combination of vorticity confinement with the wake-integral technique indicates that the computational fluid dynamics-predicted induced drag for wing with and without winglet becomes insensitive to wake-integration plane location, the computed drag approaches its theoretical lifting-line value, and the spurious entropy drag is suppressed.
Identification of a New Cytochrome P450 Family, CYP45, from the Lobster,Homarus americanus,and Expression Following Hormone and Xenobiotic Exposures☆☆☆

A new cytochrome P450, the first member of the CYP45 family, was identified from the hepatopancreas of the American lobster, Homarus americanus. The lobster CYP45 shares significant sequence homologies to the vertebrate CYP3 and the invertebrate CYP6, CYP9, CYP28, and CYP30 families, perhaps indicating a common ancestor of these P450s. Of seven tissues examined, CYP45 was expressed only in the hepatopancreas, the crustacean equivalent of the vertebrate liver, pancreas, and intestine. Over the course of the lobster molt cycle, CYP45 expression mirrored the hemolymph titer of ecdysteroids, suggesting its potential involvement in molting hormone dynamics. This idea was strengthened further by ecdysteroid treatment of intermolt-stage lobsters during the lowest hemolymph titers and CYP45 expression levels. Significant elevations in hepatopancreas CYP45 mRNA levels were elicited by such injections over a 2- to 4-day interval. Similar experiments were performed by intubating juvenile lobsters with various xenobiotics. Induction of CYP45 expression occurred following phenobarbital and heptachlor administration, but not by beta-naphthoflavone. Hormonal and xenobiotic modulation of lobster CYP45 expression provides a potential pathway for endocrine disruption in lobsters.
Wanted: Entrepreneurs in Occupational Therapy

The American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA) has challenged occupational therapy practitioners to advance the profession so that we may become more "powerful" and "widely recognized" by the year 2017 (AOTA, 2007a). To fully achieve this vision, this article argues that the profession should encourage occupational therapy entrepreneurship. As Herz, Bondoc, Richmond, Richman, and Kroll (2005, p.2) stated, "Entrepreneurship may provide us with the means to achieve the outcomes we need to succeed in the current health care environment." This article also argues the urgency of seizing the many opportunities that entrepreneurship offers and recommends specific actions to be taken by AOTA and by therapists.
Trajectories of Youthful Antisocial Behavior: Categories or Continua?.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether qualitatively distinct trajectories of antisocial behavior could be identified in 1,708 children (843 boys, 865 girls) from the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth-Child Data (NLSY-C). Repeated ratings were made on the Behavior Problems Index (BPI: Peterson and Zill Journal of Marriage and the Family, 48, 295-307, 1986) antisocial scale by the mothers of these children when the children were 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 years of age. Scores on three indicators constructed from the six BPI Antisocial items (callousness, aggression, noncompliance) were then analyzed longitudinally (by summing across the rating periods) and cross-sectionally (by testing each individual rating period) in the full sample as well as in subsamples of boys and girls. Results obtained with the mean above minus below a cut (MAMBAC), maximum covariance (MAXCOV), and latent mode factor analysis (L-Mode) taxometric procedures revealed consistent evidence of continuous latent structure despite the fact Growth Mixture Modeling (GMM) and Latent Class Growth Analysis (LCGA) identified between two and eight trajectories, depending on the stopping rule, in the three antisocial indicators. From these results, it is concluded that the structural model underlying these data is better represented as continuous rather than as categorical. The implications of these results for future research on developmental trajectories of antisocial behavior are discussed.
Hemoglobin Constant Spring Can Interfere with Glycated Hemoglobin Measurements by Boronate Affinity Chromatography

Hemoglobin (Hb) Constant Spring (CS) is a nondeletional form of α-thalassemia that is most prevalent in southern Chinese and southeast Asian populations (1). The gene frequency ranges from 0.01 in central Thailand, 0.033 in northern Thailand, 0.05 in Laos, to 0.05–0.06 in northeastern Thailand (2)(3). Elongated α chains of Hb are produced in low amounts and cause α-thalassemia. In the homozygous state, the effects of this variant are more severe than the corresponding conditions that result from α-globin gene deletion, and erythrocyte survival is markedly reduced(4). Boronate affinity chromatography measurement of glycated Hb is generally considered resistant to interference by most Hb variants including HbC and S trait (5)(6). For this reason we have adopted a boronate affinity chromatography method as our routine method of glycohemoglobin measurement. Diabetic patient samples containing unusual variants are referred to our laboratory for glycated Hb testing when difficulties are encountered with cation exchange methods for HbA1c. We describe a case of a sample from a patient with …
Mechanical properties of individual grain boubdaries in Ni3Al using a miniaturized disk-bend test

The mechanical behavior of individual grain boundaries in boron-free Ni[sub 3]Al was investigated using miniaturized disk-bend tests performed on specimens 3 mm in diameter and nominally 200 [mu]m thick. A directionally-solidified ingot containing 24 at.% Al was annealed between 1,300 and 1,350C to produce an average grain size well over 1 mm, and fifteen disk specimens were extracted from it such that one long grain boundary extended across the diameter of each disk. Electron channeling patterns were used to determine the relative orientation of the grains on either side of the boundary. Low-angle boundaries are so strong they do not fracture, whereas high-angle boundaries always fracture, as indicated by a load drop in the curve of load vs displacement. Considerable plastic deformation of the individual grains occurs in all tests regardless of grain boundary character. Slip traces were observed on many of the grain-boundary fracture surfaces, providing some evidence for slip transmission across high-angle boundaries. The relative fracture strengths of the high-angle boundaries were estimated by extrapolating the elastic portion of the load-displacement curves to the displacement at fracture, yielding values ranging from about 2 to 4 GPa, with an average of 3.06 [plus minus] 0.71 GPa. These are roughlymore » an order of magnitude smaller than the fracture strengths of special boundaries predicted by computer simulations. No correlation was found between the fracture stresses and the relative orientations of the high-angle boundaries, as defined by the coincidence site lattice model.« less
Monoclonal antibody against α(1 → 3) dextran transfers suppression of the immune response to the acetylcholine receptor

Previous studies have demonstrated that immunization of BALB/c mice with alpha(1----3) dextran (Dex) is accompanied by a reduction in the subsequent immune response to the acetylcholine receptor (AChR), depending on the timing of the Dex administration relative to AChR challenge. Here, we report that suppression of the anti-AChR response can be transferred by a monoclonal antibody, known as DX2, which is specific for Dex. Serum transfer experiments have also supported the notion that antibody is important for this effect. In addition, two new idiotypic markers have been defined that are expressed mainly by antibodies against Dex, including DX2. The anti-idiotypic reagents (Sh135 and EB5) are derived from the immune response to the AChR. A human monoclonal antibody which binds to Dex (SR 11) resembles the BALB/c antibodies that are involved in the suppression of the anti-AChR response. These findings emphasize the functional relevance of the AChR-Dex network not only for the BALB/c immune response to the AChR, but also for humans with the autoimmune disease, myasthenia gravis.
Fat intake after diagnosis and risk of lethal prostate cancer and all-cause mortality

Importance Nearly 2.5 million men currently live with prostate cancer in the United States, yet little is known about the association between diet after diagnosis and prostate cancer progression and overall mortality. Objective To examine postdiagnostic fat intake in relation to lethal prostate cancer and all-cause mortality. Design, Setting, and Participants Prospective study of 4577 men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986-2010). Exposures Postdiagnostic intake of saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, trans , animal, and vegetable fat. Main Outcomes and Measures Lethal prostate cancer (distant metastases or prostate cancer–specific death) and all-cause mortality. Results We observed 315 events of lethal prostate cancer and 1064 deaths (median follow-up, 8.4 years). Crude rates per 1000 person-years for lethal prostate cancer were as follows (highest vs lowest quintile of fat intake): 7.6 vs 7.3 for saturated, 6.4 vs 7.2 for monounsaturated, 5.8 vs 8.2 for polyunsaturated, 8.7 vs 6.1 for trans , 8.3 vs 5.7 for animal, and 4.7 vs 8.7 for vegetable fat. For all-cause mortality, the rates were 28.4 vs 21.4 for saturated, 20.0 vs 23.7 for monounsaturated, 17.1 vs 29.4 for polyunsaturated, 32.4 vs 17.1 for trans , 32.0 vs 17.2 for animal, and 15.4 vs 32.7 for vegetable fat. Replacing 10% of energy intake from carbohydrate with vegetable fat was associated with a lower risk of lethal prostate cancer (hazard ratio [HR], 0.71; 95% CI, 0.51-0.98; P = .04) and all-cause mortality (HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.61-0.88; P = .001). No other fats were associated with lethal prostate cancer. Saturated and trans fats after diagnosis (replacing 5% and 1% of energy from carbohydrate, respectively) were associated with higher all-cause mortality (HR, 1.30 [95% CI, 1.05-1.60; P = .02] and 1.25 [95% CI, 1.05-1.49; P = .01], respectively). Conclusions and Relevance Among men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer, replacing carbohydrates and animal fat with vegetable fat may reduce the risk of all-cause mortality. The potential benefit of vegetable fat for prostate cancer–specific outcomes merits further research.
Rousing the Nation: Radical Culture in Depression America

This interdiscplinary study blends textual analysis with social history to chart the intellectual and artistic ferment of Depression-era America. It explores the fiction, drama and film produced during the decade by socially conscious intellectuals who struggled to create a uniquely American art. Challenged by a public more exposed to comic strips and tabloids than to serious artistic creativity, these writers and cinematographers used the techniques of modernism and muckraking to fashion works that would be experimental without being insular and would inspire the public to social activism. Browder first considers authors James T. Farrell, Josephine Herbst and John Dos Passos, arguing that their work successfully sparked a discussion about what it meant to be American at a time when the country's very future seemed in doubt. She then examines the Living Newspaper productions of the Federal Theatre Project, which brought politically and aesthetically provocative drama to 25 million Americans. In a final chapter, she examines social films of the period, focusing on Paramount's 1939 production of "One-Third of a Nation".
Long-Term Potentiation-Dependent Spine Enlargement Requires Synaptic Ca2+-Permeable AMPA Receptors Recruited by CaM-Kinase I

It is well established that long-term potentiation (LTP), a paradigm for learning and memory, results in a stable enlargement of potentiated spines associated with recruitment of additional GluA1-containing AMPA receptors (AMPARs). Although regulation of the actin cytoskeleton is involved, the detailed signaling mechanisms responsible for this spine expansion are unclear. Here, we used cultured mature hippocampal neurons stimulated with a glycine-induced, synapse-specific form of chemical LTP (GI-LTP). We report that the stable structural plasticity (i.e., spine head enlargement and spine length shortening) that accompanies GI-LTP was blocked by inhibitors of NMDA receptors (NMDARs; APV) or CaM-kinase kinase (STO-609), the upstream activator of CaM-kinase I (CaMKI), as well as by transfection with dominant-negative (dn) CaMKI but not dnCaMKIV. Recruitment of GluA1 to the spine surface occurred after GI-LTP and was mimicked by transfection with constitutively active CaMKI. Spine enlargement induced by transfection of GluA1 was associated with synaptic recruitment of Ca 2+ -permeable AMPARs (CP-AMPARs) as assessed by an increase in the rectification index of miniature EPSCs (mEPSCs) and their sensitivity to IEM-1460, a selective antagonist of CP-AMPARs. Furthermore, the increase in spine size and mEPSC amplitude resulting from GI-LTP itself was blocked by IEM-1460, demonstrating involvement of CP-AMPARs. Downstream signaling effectors of CP-AMPARs, identified by suppression of their activation by IEM-1460, included the Rac/PAK/LIM-kinase pathway that regulates spine actin dynamics. Together, our results suggest that synaptic recruitment of CP-AMPARs via CaMKI may provide a mechanistic link between NMDAR activation in LTP and regulation of a signaling pathway that drives spine enlargement via actin polymerization.
Both glutamate receptor antagonists and prefrontal cortex lesions prevent induction of cocaine sensitization and associated neuroadaptations.

Behavioral sensitization to psychomotor stimulants is accompanied by a number of alterations in the mesoaccumbens dopamine (DA) system, including DA autoreceptor subsensitivity in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and DA D1 receptor supersensitivity in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). We investigated the role of excitatory amino acid (EAA) transmission in the induction of cocaine sensitization and these accompanying DA receptor alterations. To do so, we used three glutamate receptor antagonists, the noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 (0.1 mg/kg), the competitive NMDA receptor antagonist CGS 19755 (10.0 mg/kg), and the AMPA receptor antagonist NBQX (12.5 mg/kg). Rats received daily double injections of either one of these antagonists or saline with either cocaine (15.0 mg/kg) or saline for 5 days. Cocaine sensitization was defined as an increase in horizontal locomotor activity in response to cocaine challenge (7.5 mg/kg) on the third day of withdrawal. All three antagonists prevented the induction of cocaine sensitization. Extracellular single cell recordings revealed that these antagonists also prevented the induction of DA autoreceptor subsensitivity in the VTA and DA D1 receptor supersensitivity in the NAc. To determine whether the relevant glutamate receptors were under regulation by medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) EAA efferents, we next lesioned the mPFC bilaterally with ibotenic acid at least 7 days before repeated cocaine treatment began. These lesions also prevented the induction of cocaine sensitization and the associated neuroadaptations. Our findings indicate that glutamate transmission from mPFC to the mesoaccumbens DA system is critical for the induction of cocaine sensitization and its cellular correlates. Synapse 34:169–180, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A comparison of magnification functions in area 19 and the lateral suprasylvian visual area in the cat

A retinotopic map can be described by a magnification function that relates magnification factor to visual field eccentricity. Magnification factor for primary visual cortex (VI) in both the cat and the macaque monkey is directly proportional to retinal ganglion cell density. However, among those extrastriate areas for which a magnification function has been described, this is often not the case. Deviations from the pattern established in V1 are of considerable interest because they may provide insight into an extrastriate area's role in visual processing. The present study explored the magnification function for the lateral suprasylvian area (LS) in the cat. Because of its complex retinotopic organization, magnification was calculated indirectly using the known magnification function for area 19. Small tracer injections were made in area 17, and the extent of anterograde label in LS and in area 19 was measured. Using the ratio of cortical area labeled in LS to that in area 19, and the known magnification factor for area 19 at the corresponding retinotopic location, we were able to calculate magnification factor for LS. We found that the magnification function for LS differed substantially from that for area 19: central visual field was expanded, and peripheral field compressed in LS compared with area 19. Additionally, we found that the lower vertical meridian's representation was compressed relative to that of the horizontal meridian. We also examined receptive field size in areas 17, 19, and LS and found that, for all three areas, receptive field size was inversely proportional to magnification factor.
Reply to Sanchez-Escobedo and Hollingworth: Why the Mexican Norms for the WAIS-III Continue to be Inadequate

The discussion in Drs. Sanchez Escobedo and Hollingworth's paper independently confirms virtually all our observations regarding the psychometric and interpretive deficiencies of the Mexican norms for very high-stakes decisions, such as that involved in an Atkins hearing. Test publishers have an ethical obligation to caution potential users against the premature use of a developing assessment that does not yet meet the needed precision and evidence of validity required for very high-stakes decisions.
Coinductive Models of Finite Computing Agents

Abstract This paper explores the role of coinductive methods in modeling finite interactive computing agents. The computational extension of computing agents from algorithms to interaction parallels the mathematical extension of set theory and algebra from inductive to coinductive models. Maximal fixed points are shown to play a role in models of observation that parallels minimal fixed points in inductive mathematics. The impact of interactive (coinductive) models on Church's thesis and the connection between incompleteness and greater expressiveness are examined. A final section shows that actual software systems are interactive rather than algorithmic. Coinductive models could become as important as inductive models for software technology as computer applications become increasingly interactive.
The pathobiology of isolated systolic hypertension

Abstract Central artery stiffening with aging is the driving force that results in increased pulse pressure (PP) and ultimately the development of isolated systolic hypertension (ISH). Since diastolic blood pressure (DBP) rises with increased small arterial and arteriolar resistance and falls with increased large artery stiffness, DBP displays a J-curve pattern of CV risk; thus, PP is a stronger risk factor than systolic blood pressure (SBP) in patients with ISH when DBP is
Conformational isomerization in hexahydro-s-triazines and hexahydropyrimidines

Abstract The thermodynamic activation parameters have been determined for a series of hexahydro-s-triazines, 1,3-dimethylhexahydropyrimidine and its methyl iodide salt using NMR to determine the rate constants for chair-to-chair isomerization. Values of Ea, vo, ΔF‡, ΔH‡, and ΔS‡ are reported. Both steric and electronic effects are investigated and their influences on the activation parameters and reaction paths discussed.
β-cell metabolic alterations under chronic nutrient overload in rat and human islets

The aim of this study was to assess multifactorial β-cell responses to metabolic perturbations in primary rat and human islets. Treatment of dispersed rat islet cells with elevated glucose and free fatty acids (FFAs, oleate:palmitate = 1:1 v/v) resulted in increases in the size and the number of lipid droplets in β-cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Glucose and FFAs synergistically stimulated the nutrient sensor mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). A potent mTORC1 inhibitor, rapamycin (25 nM), significantly reduced triglyceride accumulation in rat islets. Importantly, lipid droplets accumulated only in β-cells but not in α-cells in an mTORC1-dependent manner. Nutrient activation of mTORC1 upregulated the expression of adipose differentiation related protein (ADRP), known to stabilize lipid droplets. Rat islet size and new DNA synthesis also increased under nutrient overload. Insulin secretion into the culture medium increased steadily over a 4-day period without any significant difference between glucose (10 mM) alone and the combination of glucose (10 mM) and FFAs (240 μM). Insulin content and insulin biosynthesis, however, were significantly reduced under the combination of nutrients compared with glucose alone. Elevated nutrients also stimulated lipid droplet formation in human islets in an mTORC1-dependent manner. Unlike rat islets, however, human islets did not increase in size under nutrient overload despite a normal response to nutrients in releasing insulin. The different responses of islet cell growth under nutrient overload appear to impact insulin biosynthesis and storage differently in rat and human islets.
Intragastric accumulation of Evan's blue as a method for assessing aspirin-induced acute gastric mucosal injury in humans

Aspirin administration results in gastric mucosal damage. Although the pathogene sis of these lesions remains unclear, in animals it appears that increased vascular permeability precedes development of grossly visible lesions. We examined the effect of aspirin administration on gastric vascular permeability in eight healthy subjects. We used gastric accumulation of Evan's blue dye (which is bound to albumin) as a marker of vascular integrity and assessed gastric accumulation of Evan's blue, blood, and DNA during serial 10-min washes. Both bleeding and Evan's blue in the gastric washings increased with time after administration of aspirin in an acid solution (P <0.01).Evan's blue increased from a median value of 8 μg/10min to 24.5 μg/10min period after 60 min of aspirin administration. By 20 min after aspirin administration, the accumulation of Evan's blue in the gastric wash was significantly greater than the initial aspirin period (P <0.05).Blood loss increased from 147 to 650 μgHgb/10-min period. The increase in bleeding rate did not become significant until 40 min after the first aspirin dose. Our study showed that aspirin-induced gastric mucosal damage can be detected by assessing accumulation of Evan's blue in the gastric contents after aspirin administration. Studies in which various doses of aspirin or other agents are administered will be required to confirm whether the increased vascular permeability actually precedes bleeding in man. Measurement of Evan's blue dye in the gastric contents appears to provide a qualitative (and possibly quantitative) and sensitive early index of gastric mucosal injury.
Magnetic order in the (TmxY1 − x)2(SO4)3·8H2O system

Abstract The effect of dilution on induced-moment ordering in the system (Tm x Y 1− x ) 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ·8H 2 O with 0.5 ≤ x ≤1 was studied by magnetic measurements between 0.06 and 4.2 K. T c falls much more slowly with x than predicted by mean-field theory including hyperfine interaction. Dipolar interactions may produce an ordered phase resembling a spin glass for x ⪅ 0.9.
Therapeutic efficacy of a new anhydrous theophylline dosage form.

A clinical study was performed on 41 asthmatic patients. After complete physical and spirometric examinations, they received capsules containing 200 mg anhydrous theophylline per capsule t.i.d. for three weeks. All other antiasthmatic medications were omitted during this study. The results showed that these capsules (Elixophyllin Capsules) produced statistically significant improvement in wheezing, dyspnea, global clinical assessment, vital capacity, and forced expiratory volume at 1 second. Side effects, which were generally mild and transient, were those usually reported for theophylline and were observed in 11 of the 41 patients. One patient dropped out of the study because of extreme nausea. It was concluded that theophylline as a single entity can provide significant improvement in asthmatic patients at a total daily dose of 600 mg.
A genomewide association study of citalopram response in major depressive disorder.

Background Antidepressant response is likely influenced by genetic constitution, but the actual genes involved have yet to be determined. We have carried out a genomewide association study to determine whether common DNA variation influences antidepressant response. Methods Our sample is derived from Level 1 participants in the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) study, all treated with citalopram. Association for the response phenotype included 883 responders and 608 nonresponders. For the remission phenotype, 743 subjects that achieved remission were compared with 608 nonresponders. We used a subset of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; n = 430,198) from the Affymetrix 500K and 5.0 Human SNP Arrays, and association analysis was carried out after correcting for population stratification. Results We identified three SNPs associated with response with p values less than 1 × 10 −5 near the UBE3C gene (rs6966038, p = 4.65 × 10 −7 ), another 100 kb away from BMP7 (rs6127921, p = 3.45 × 10 −6 ), and a third that is intronic in the RORA gene (rs809736, p = 8.19 × 10 −6 ). These same SNPs were also associated with remission. Thirty-nine additional SNPs are of interest with p values ≤ .0001 for the response and remission phenotypes. Conclusions Although the findings reported here do not meet a genomewide threshold for significance, the regions identified from this study provide targets for independent replication and novel pathways to investigate mechanisms of antidepressant response. This study was not placebo controlled, making it possible that we are also observing associations to nonspecific aspects of drug treatment of depression.