cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Silence behavior mining on online social networks

Keeping silence is a behavior that widely exists in human society and has been studied in social science for a long time. After a new event occurs, instead of expressing opinions towards it immediately, individuals may choose to remain silence. Similar to a real social network, in online social networks, after observing an interesting event from their friends, users may not decide whether to share it at once due to different reasons. In influence propagation process, we observe that there are three states regarding to one's reaction on an event: activated state (shared), inactivated state (not shared) and silent state (take longer than usual time to make decisions). Silent state is an intermediate status before turning into inactivated or activated state. In this paper, we provide a mathematical definition of “silence” based on the length of hesitating time before a user makes decisions. However, during the hesitation period, silent users behave exactly like those users who already entered the inactivated state. In order to differentiate them in this case, we develop an iterative algorithm, Similarity Interest (SI) model, to identify possible silent users by quantifying the interest of users toward the event. Furthermore, comparing to real social networks, we reveal different behavior of silent users in online social networks and use the Transient Influence Principle to explain it. At last, based on experimental results, we design a new model (Diffusion with Silence (DS) model) incorporating Similarity Interest model and two widely used diffusion models (Independent Cascade (IC) model and Linear Threshold (LT) model), in order to capture the silence behavior. Our experiment shows that DS model can more accurately depict the process of information propagation than IC model and LT model do.
WARM HEARTS PREPARE RATS FOR BEING SHORT OF BREATH

![Figure][1] CROSS-TOLERANCE Organisms that have acclimated to a particular stressor often find that they can cope better with another stressor that they were not exposed to during their acclimation, a phenomenon known as cross-tolerance. For example, when rats acclimate to high
Selective adaptation of “command neurons” in the human motor system

Abstract It is proposed that motor activity is largely controlled by a neural hierarchy, with cells at successively higher levels commanding movements which involve increasing numbers of muscles. The existence of cells which command similar action patterns in different muscle groups can account for some types of motor equivalence. To test for the presence of such cells, the psychophysical technique of selective adaptation was applied to movement. Before performing a movement with one arm as often as possible in a fixed period of time, subjects performed either the same or a different movement with the other arm (Experiments I, II, III) or with the same arm (Experiment IV). Performance of repeated movements was worse than performance of different movements. The results are taken as tentative evidence for the existence of command neurons controlling similar movements in different arms and particular movements in each arm.
Molecular Recognition with Model Systems

How structures fit together is the principal domain of molecular recognition, and current studies are evolving from the host–guest chemistry of ions to interactions between two molecules. Recent advances in the synthesis of sizable concave molecules, especially those featuring convergent functional groups, make it possible to bind smaller convex structures with considerable selectivity. One result is that hydrogen bonding can be addressed in model systems. The present review emphasizes the use of cleftlike structures as a means of probing the forces involved in nucleic acid recognition. The application of such molecules to the catalysis of chemical reactions, particularly those involved in self-replicating systems, is also described. Some implications for future pharmaceutical agents are suggested as a result of access to synthetic receptors for biologically relevant targets.
Toxic effects of ultrasound in mice: Damage to central and autonomic nervous systems

Abstract Whole-body exposure of pregnant Swiss-Webster mice to ultrasound at 37°C, 2 MHz, 1 W/cm 2 , continuous wave, for periods ranging from 80 to 200 sec resulted in hindleg dysfunction and a distended bladder syndrome; the latter was often associated with flaccid large intestine and compacted fecal material. Dose-response curves indicated damage thresholds at approximately 140 and 120 sec, respectively. Pathological examination confirmed the presence of damage to spinal cord and spinal ganglia as well as to adjacent bone, bone marrow, and dorsal skeletal muscle. The distribution of damage was consistent with a postulated thermal mechanism of preferential absorption and heating of bone, mediating subsequent damage to adjacent tissues. It is suggested that the distended bladder syndrome results from damage to autonomic nervous system, particularly to the pelvic nerve at the point of its emergence from the sacral region of the spinal column. The hindleg dysfunction presumably follows from the lessions in the spinal cord, due to extensive neural necrosis in the thoracosacral region.
Studies of a specific association between acriflavine and DNA in intact cells

The nature of a specific association between acriflavine and cellular DNA was investigated by subjecting the DNA of intact cells to denaturation, ultraviolet radiation, and base analog substitution. The predictable modifications of DNA structure were then correlated with the quantitative alterations in dye adsorption by the cells. It was concluded that, under experimental conditions of limited dye availability, the bonding of dye was restricted to sites of highest bonding affinity. These were shown to be situated between adjacent thymine molecules on a single strand of DNA. The 5-methyl groups of thymine may endow the bond with its specificity.
Gold nanorod–sphingosine kinase siRNA nanocomplexes: a novel therapeutic tool for potent radiosensitization of head and neck cancer

Radiation therapy (RT) is an important treatment modality used against a number of human cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, most of these cancers have an inherent anti-apoptotic mechanism that makes them resistant to radiation therapy. This radioresistance of cancer cells necessitates the irradiation of tumor areas with extremely high doses of radiation to achieve effective therapy, resulting in damage to normal tissues and leading to several treatment related side effects. These side effects significantly impair the quality of life of treated patients, and preclude the possibility of repeat radiation treatment in patients with tumor recurrence. Our previous research has correlated the upregulation of the anti-apoptotic sphingosine kinase (SphK1) gene in HNSCC cells with their radioresistance properties. In the current study, we hypothesized that by downregulating the SphK1 gene using nanotechnology mediated gene silencing, we can render these cells more vulnerable to radiation therapy by enabling apoptosis at lower radiation doses. We have employed biocompatible gold nanorods (GNRs) as carriers of short interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting the SphK1 gene. GNRs play a critical role in protecting the siRNA molecules against physiological degradation, as well as delivering them inside target cells. Following their synthesis and characterization, these nanoplexes were applied to HNSCC cells in culture, resulting in the radiosensitization of the treated cells. Furthermore, the GNR–siRNA nanoplexes were injected intratumorally into subcutaneous HNSCC tumors grown in mice, prior to the initiation of radiation therapy in vivo. Subsequent exposure of GNR–SphK1siRNA nanoplex-treated tumors to radiation (GNR–SphK1siRNA + IRRA) resulted in over 50% tumor regression compared to control GNR–GFPsiRNA nanoplex and radiation treated tumors (GNR–GFPsiRNA + IRRA). In addition, we were able to induce this tumor regression in nanoplex treated tumors with radiation doses much lower than those commonly required in clinical RT. These experiments lay the foundation for the development of a nanotechnology-mediated gene silencing tool for more potent radiation therapy of a number of human cancers, with minimal, if any, toxic side effects.
Nanowire transformation by size-dependent cation exchange reactions.

The unique properties of nanostructured materials enable their transformation into complex, kinetically controlled morphologies that cannot be obtained during their growth. Solution-phase cation-exchange reactions can transform sub-10 nm nanocrystals/nanorods into varying compositions and superlattice structures; however, because of their small size, cation-exchange reaction rates are extremely fast, which limits control over the transformed products and possibilities for obtaining new morphologies. Nanowires are routinely synthesized via gas-phase reactions with 5−200 nm diameters, and their large aspect ratios allow them to be electrically addressed individually. To realize their full potential, it is desirable to develop techniques that can transform nanowires into tunable but precisely controlled morphologies, especially in the gas-phase, to be compatible with nanowire growth schemes. We report transformation of single-crystalline cadmium sulfide nanowires into composition-controlled ZnxCd(1−x)S nanow...
In vivo transcription patterns of temperate coliphage P2.

Abstract In vivo transcription from the coliphage P2 genome has been studied during the lytic cycle using separated sheared halves and separated strands of P2 DNA. At the beginning of growth, transcription occurs on the right half of the phage DNA which contains the known early genes. As growth proceeds, transcription begins on the left half of the DNA, and this transcription becomes predominant near the end of the cycle. The products of the two known early genes are necessary to effect this transition. Two out of three polarity groups of late genes have been shown to be transcribed from the heavy strand, while one polarity group appears to be transcribed from the light strand. These results make read-through or antitermination unlikely as the mechanism of late gene activation in coliphage P2.
Palmitoylation of the p75 neurotrophin receptor has no effect on its interaction with TrkA or on TrkA‐mediated down‐regulation of cell adhesion molecules

The short- and long-term effects of nerve growth factor (NGF) were studied on fibroblast cell lines stably expressing both TrkA and either wild-type p75 or a mutant that lacks the palmitoylation site of p75. The lack of palmitoylation had no effect on the ability of p75 to enhance the short-term NGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of TrkA over a wide range of NGF concentrations. Long-term treatment of the cell lines with NGF led to loss of cell adhesion to the culture dishes that increased with increasing concentrations of NGF and increased expression of TrkA. Treatment of the cell lines with mutant NGFs that bound selectively to TrkA or p75 alone revealed that cell detachment was mediated solely through TrkA. Increased cell detachment correlated with a decrease in the expression levels of fibronectin and cadherin, cell surface molecules involved in cell adhesion. The loss of cell adhesion with the cell line expressing the palmitoylation-deficient p75 were identical to those expressing wild type, as was anticipated from the lack of involvement of p75 in this process. J. Neurosci. Res. 62:225–233, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Pattern recognition by hierarchy of attracting sets

Summary form only given, as follows. A concept for pattern recognition based upon a hierarchy of attracting sets in phase space is proposed. The first group of attracting sets represents different classes of patterns, the second group different subclasses, etc. so that a new pattern is recognized in sequential steps starting with the identification of global characteristics and proceeding to finer and finer details. The approach exploits the phenomenology of nonlinear dynamics for creating an appropriate hierarchy of attracting sets. Special attention is paid to unsupervised learning based upon examples introduced to the neural network. Each example is considered an interpolation node of the velocity field in the phase space. The velocities at these nodes are selected such that all the streamlines diverge to an attracting set imbedded in the subspace occupied by the cluster of examples. The synaptic interconnections are found from the minimization of the strength energy, while the node velocities play the role of constraints. For faster convergence the higher order interconnection and terminal attractors are applied. >
WILPER ET AL. RESPOND

The United States has embraced mass incarceration as social policy. We join the American Public Health Association in opposition to this practice and consider it to be a national disgrace.1 This convention violates the human and constitutional rights of many inmates, and damages communities and children raised with a parent behind bars. Incarceration of the mentally ill is especially egregious, common, and often preventable. We believe that everyone has a right to high-quality health care, whether they are incarcerated or not. As a Bush administration surgeon general put it in a report that was suppressed for fear that it would force increases in government spending, “Often overlooked by the health system in the United States, incarcerated men and women have access to adequate health and mental health care and substance abuse treatment services inside the walls of correctional facilities. For these inmates, incarceration is an opportunity—a ‘reachable, teachable moment’—to learn what support they need for their health and mental health problems and substance abuse issues.”2,3 Our study sheds light on a fact largely known only by inmates and those working in correctional health care: inmates carry a heavy disease burden, and often have limited access to the care that is supposedly guaranteed to them by the Supreme Court. The results of our study deflate the credibility of claims that inmates have access to adequate health care in the United States. We concur with Eber's call for a greater role for public health expertise in improving inmate health through litigation. Limited access to health care in jails and prisons certainly increases morbidity and mortality among inmates, but also increases the burden communities bear where released inmates return. Indeed, with approximately 1% of US adults behind bars, the public health implications of improved treatment of these individuals who have relatively higher rates of chronic conditions such as HIV, asthma, prior myocardial infarction, and diabetes are substantial. Inmates rely entirely on their jailers for health care. Investigations into the health and health care of inmates focus attention on a politically unpopular but extremely vulnerable group. Funders and researchers aiming to improve health care for disadvantaged populations should devote additional resources for investigations into inmate health. The public health community ought to oppose mass incarceration and work to improve health care inside prisons.
Role of the N-terminal helix in the metal ion-induced activation of the diphtheria toxin repressor DtxR.

The metal ion-regulated transcriptional repressor DtxR has been shown to repress the transcription of the diphtheria toxin and other genes associated with ferrous ion homeostasis in Corynebacterium diphtheriae. In vivo studies of single-alanine mutations located in the N-terminal helix of DtxR show that the activity of the mutants is reduced compared to that of the wild type. The three-dimensional structures of the apo and activated forms of DtxR show conformational changes in the N-terminal helix resulting from metal ion activation. We have studied the N-terminal helix mutants DtxR-(D6A,C102D), DtxR(E9A,C102D), and DtxR(M10A,C102D) using crystallographic and calorimetric techniques to gain insight into the possible reasons for such behavior at a molecular level. The binding affinities for metal ion extracted from the calorimetric titrations of the mutants DtxR(D6A,C102D) and DtxR(E9A,C102D) are very similar to those found for DtxR(C102D), while the same experiments performed with the mutant DtxR(M10A,C102D), bearing the M10A mutation located in binding site 2, show a decreased binding affinity in a predictable fashion. These results suggest that the decreased activity observed in these mutants cannot be explained exclusively by changes in the binding affinity of the repressor. The crystal structures of Ni-DtxR(M10A,C102D), Ni-DtxR(E9A,C102D), and Ni-DtxR(D6A,C102D) clearly show the presence of two metal ions bound. In the structure of Ni-DtxR(M10A,C102D), a water replaces Met10 in binding site 2. In the structure of Ni-DtxR(D6A,C102D), the nonhelical conformation of the N-terminal region characteristic of the activated form is absent. The side chain of Asp6 is critical in stabilization of the nonhelical conformation. This conformation is identical in all high-resolution structures of activated DtxR with an intact N-terminal helix, suggesting relevance in DtxR's regulatory function.
3D metamaterial for ultra-compact artificial magnetic conductor

Artificial Magnetic Conductors (AMCs) active at or below 1 GHz often balance large geometries with higher dielectric constants to achieve the desired frequency target while maintaining a minimal thickness. This paper presents a 3D metamaterial unit cell as a low profile, small footprint alternative. Fabricated with low dielectric constant materials, experiments demonstrate an AMC of thickness λ 0 /53 active at 1.13 GHz, with antennae radiating in the presence the AMC exhibiting enhanced power transmission compared to antennae on other substrates.
A NEW SPECIES OF HYPSIBOAS (AMPHIBIA; ANURA; HYLIDAE) FROM THE VENEZUELAN GUAYANA, WITH NOTES ON HYPSIBOAS SIBLESZI (RIVERO 1972)

We describe a new species of Hypsiboas from the slopes and summit of Auyan-tepui in Canaima National Park, Bolivar State, Venezuela. The new species resembles H. sibleszi, but it differs from that species in having pale green dorsal coloration with numerous small chromatophores, dorsolateral white stripes that extend from the tip of snout to the groin when present, pale interorbital bar absent, a transparent yellow venter, yellow-colored digits and webbing, a more extensive webbing on hands and feet, a prepollical spine not protunding, very narrow nasals partially fused with sphenethmoid, a moderate-sized frontoparietal fontanelle, and an advertisement call consisting of three or four notes with a dominant frequency between 3010 and 3488 Hz. New data on the vocalization, osteology and distribution of H. sibleszi are provided.
Predicting academic achievement with cognitive ability

The purpose of the present study is to explain variation in academic achievement with general cognitive ability and specific cognitive abilities. Grade point average, Wide Range Achievement Test III scores, and SAT scores represented academic achievement. The specific cognitive abilities of interest were: working memory, processing speed, and spatial ability. General cognitive ability was measured with the Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices and the Mill Hill Vocabulary Scales. When controlling for working memory, processing speed, and spatial ability, in a sample of 71 young adults (29 males), measures of general cognitive ability continued to add to the prediction of academic achievement, but none of the specific cognitive abilities accounted for additional variance in academic achievement after controlling for general cognitive ability. However, processing speed and spatial ability continued to account for a significant amount of additional variance when predicting scores for the mathematical portion of the SAT while holding general cognitive ability constant.
Tug of war between AO-hybridization and aromaticity in dictating structures of Li-doped alkali clusters

Abstract Hybridization of atomic orbitals is a widely appreciated phenomenon in organic chemistry. Here, we demonstrate that hybridization also can dramatically impact the shapes of small all-alkali metal clusters, and oppose σ-aromaticity in defining cluster shapes. The valence-iso-electronic LiNa 4 - and LiK 4 - clusters adopt different global minimum structures: LiNa 4 - is a planar C2v (1A1) species distorted from the perfect pentagon, and LiK 4 - is a planar square D4h (1A1g) species with Li being in the centre. This effect is rooted in the different degrees of the 2s–2p hybridization in Li in response to binding to Na versus K.
Urban ragweed populations in vacant lots: An ecological perspective on management

Abstract Ragweed ( Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) is one of the most prolific producers of allergenic pollen in North America, and negatively impacts tens of millions of people each year. Recent work shows that local plant populations can be the most important source of allergenic pollen in the urban environment. This research emphasizes that management choices that influence species abundance can determine the burden of allergenic pollen for people living near these plant populations. In Detroit, MI, USA, ragweed populations are predominantly found in vacant lots; the management of these lots could therefore have large impacts on allergenic pollen burdens. The main form of management in these vacant lots is mowing, which occurs at frequencies ranging from monthly mowing to no mowing. We hypothesized that annual or biennial mowing would result in conditions where ragweed populations could thrive. To test this, we conducted a vegetation survey of vacant lots in Detroit, in which we quantified the mowing regime, characteristics of the vegetation, and ragweed presence and stem density. We found that ragweed was significantly more likely to be present in lots that were mowed annually or biennially; unfortunately these are the most common management types, accounting for 51% of vacant lots in Detroit. Ragweed's association with this disturbance regime fits with its early successional status, as it is most competitive in recently disturbed soils where there is reduced competition for resources such as light. We therefore recommend one of two alternative management regimes for reducing ragweed in vacant lots: either mow them frequently (multiple times a growing season) or do not mow them at all. Both approaches will reduce ragweed prevalence in vacant lots and reduce allergenic pollen exposure for people who live near vacant lots.
Transiliopsoas approach: an alternative route to drain pelvic abscesses in children

To evaluate an alternative route of pelvic abscess drainage in children via a transiliopsoas approach. Appendiceal perforations complicated by inflammatory masses, such as abscesses or phlegmon, are a common indication for abdominal drainage in pediatric interventional radiology. Certain locations of collections may present particular challenges for the operator, owing to numerous surrounding structures, including bowel and other pelvic anatomy. This series describes an alternative route for drainage, which involves traversing the iliopsoas muscle under US guidance to drain a deep pelvic abscess. Retrospective chart review was performed of the transiliopsoas approach for abscess drainage during a 5-year period. The technique, pre- and post-drainage imaging, aspiration/drain output, duration of catheter dwell, procedure-related complications and abscess recurrence were reviewed. Transiliopsoas needle placement was successful in 14 of 14 patients (100%). Catheter placement was successful in 13 patients. Abscess wall rupture precluded catheter placement in one patient. Mean catheter duration was 4.9 days, with a range of 2 to 9 days. Clinical improvement was achieved in all 14 patients (100%). There were no major complications. Post-procedure pain with ambulation was reported in 3 of 14 patients (21.4%), which was successfully controlled in each case with medication, and resolved after 2 days. The transiliopsoas route is a safe and effective route for US-guided abscess drainage and catheter placement in children with deep pelvic collections. In selected cases, this approach provides a more easily accessible and safer route than more traditional interventional approaches.
Transport properties of carbon dioxide+ethane and methane+ethane mixtures in the extended critical region

Abstract A practical representation for the transport coefficients of pure fluids and binary mixtures in and beyond the critical region of liquid-vapor equilibria is presented. The crossover expressions for the thermal conductivity, the binary diffusion coefficient, the thermal diffusion coefficient, and the thermal diffusion ratio incorporate scaling laws near the critical point and are transformed to regular background values far away from the critical point. In the limits of pure components, the crossover expression for the thermal conductivity of binary mixtures is transformed to the crossover expression for the thermal conductivity of pure fluids. For the calculation of the regular backgrounds transport properties of pure fluids, we use dense fluid contributions obtained from independently fitting pure fluid data and a dilute gas contribution from Chapman–Enskog theory. A comparison is made with thermal conductivity data for pure carbon dioxide, methane, ethane, and carbon dioxide+ethane and methane+ethane mixtures.
The wrinkles of the "bo-tax".

On the surface, the recent proposal by the Senate Finance Committee to place an excise tax on cosmetic surgery to increase government revenues for funding the new health care proposal seems to be a reasonable idea.1 As support for the administration’s health care plan wanes, debates about funding the plan echo throughout the Capitol. This “Bo-tax,” however, will likely come up short and will certainly hurt the plastic surgery community. In 2008, the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ASAPS) reported a 12% overall decrease in cosmetic surgery compared with the previous year.2 Clearly, in the current economic climate, raising the price on procedures for which …
Nonlinear analysis of buckling and postbuckling behavior of circular arches

Unter Vernachlassigung der Schubverzerrung und der Dehnbarkeit der elastischen Linie werden die kritischen Werte der auf einen schlanken Zweigelenkkreisbogentrager niederwarts wirkenden Gipfeleinzellast auf der Basis der nichtlinearen Eulerschen Theorie berechnet. Der Zustand des Bogentragers im Augenblick der seitlichen Schwenkung sowie dessen Verhalten vor und nach der Knickung, werden fur vier verschiedene Massverhaltnisse des Bogens untersucht. Die bisherigen Naherungslosungen werden mit den berechneten Ergebnissen verglichen. A bar on top of a letter indicates that the entity pertains to the right half of the arch.
A solid-phase chemiluminescence immunoassay for determination of IgG in eluates of psoriatic scales.

A solid-phase chemiluminescence immunoassay for determining immunoglobulin G (IgG) in eluates of psoriatic scales is described. Polystyrene balls coated with protein A bound the IgG present in the eluates and in human sera. The bound IgG was then detected by a luminol-coupled goat anti-human IgG conjugate, characterized for antibody, protein and luminol content. This method correlated well with radial immunodiffusion in determining IgG levels in human sera (r = 0.97). The sensitivity of the assay was 0.5 μg IgG. Eluates prepared from psoriatic scales treated sequentially with buffers of decreasing pH all contained IgG when tested by this method. pH 2 eluates, however, contained more IgG than pH 3 eluates, suggesting the presence of specifically bound antibodies.
Photosynthesis of cryptobiotic crusts in a seasonally inundated system of pans and dunes at Edwards Air Force Base, western Mojave Desert, California : Laboratory studies

Summary Cryptobiotic crusts (biological soil crusts) are a dominant component of a unique system of dunes and intermittently inundated pans and playas situated on Pleistocene Lake Thompson bed at Edwards Air Force Base, California. Previous work reported on basic ecological parameters including distribution, abundance, and species composition of these algal (cyanobacterial)-dominated crusts.As a step toward building an ecological model in support of the military installation natural resources management plan, we determined the photosynthetic rate of the algal crusts under controlled laboratory conditions using a portable photosynthesis system. We examined the relation between the environmental conditions of light intensity, crust moisture content, antecedent crust moisture content, and atmospheric CO 2 concentration, on photosynthetic rates. Maximal photosynthetic rates were 4.97 and 7.75 μmol m −2 s −1 for cryptobiotic crusts collected from dunes (upland crusts) and from pans (aquatic remnant crusts), respectively, which corresponds well with the upper range of previous reports for such algal crusts. Light saturation levels were about 1500 and 1500–2000 μmol m −2 s −1 for cryptobiotic crusts from both the dunes and the pans respectively. Optimal moisture content of the crusts for photosynthesis was 15–30% and 90–100% for crusts from dunes and pans respectively; both lower and higher moisture contents resulted in decreased rates of photosynthesis. With increasing atmospheric CO 2 concentrations up to at least 1000 ppm, photosynthesis of both sorts of crusts increased linearly to rates several times that of rates at natural CO 2 concentrations.
Differentiation of Ménière's disease and migraine-associated dizziness: a review.

A significant body of literature exists demonstrating a relationship between migraine disorders and dizziness. In the characterizations of the migraine-associated dizziness, the signs and symptoms show overlap with those characterizing Meniere's disease. There has been literature, beginning with Meniere himself, suggesting a relationship between Meniere's disease and migraine-associated dizziness. This implicates a possible underlying link in pathogenesis. This review article presents a discussion of the overlap in signs and symptoms between the two disorders. Suggestions for differentiating between the disorders based on recent literature protocols and use of test results are also discussed. Vestibular and balance rehabilitation programs have a role in both of the disorders but differ in the overall management aspects of the disorders. The distinction in the use of vestibular rehabilitation is discussed.
Pension Accounting and Corporate Takeovers

ABSTRACT This paper examines the concept of professionalism as it applies to accounting in the United States, Taiwan, and Korea. Differences in cultures, including individualism/collectivism, power distance, and uncertainty avoidance, across the United States and the Asian nations may cause differential importance to be placed on professional values. Results of this study indicate that professional commitment is significantly higher in the United States and in Taiwan than in Korea. The differing levels of professional commitment do not seem to be correlated with differences in the individualism-collectivism. A difference between the professional and the business person is a function of the importance of the rendering of services relative to the assurance of fees and charges. Results indicate that the service ideal is perceived to be uniformly important across countries.
The isolation of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and methyl esters of fish oils by silver resin chromatography

Multigram quantities of the highly unsaturated ω3 component from samples of fish oil fatty acids and esters were isolated by silver resin chromatography. An XN1010 resin column saturated with silver ions was utilized. Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) esters from fish oil concentrate (FOC) were fractionated based on the number of double bonds by using solvent programming (acetonitrile in methanol). Larger samples (4–9 g) of FOC acids and esters and menhaden acids and esters were enriched in ω3 polyunsaturates to 82–99% (95–99% total PUFA) by use of a large 100% silver resin column and isocratic elution with 30, 35 or 45% acetonitrile in acetone.
Childhood sexually transmitted diseases: one consequence of sexual abuse

Numerous sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) of both viral and bacterial origin exist. Nursing and medical literature typically focuses on adults with STD, with vague regard for the epidemiology of STD among prepubertal children. This article focuses on childhood sexually transmitted disease as a consequence of sexual abuse. Nurses are encouraged, however, to assess both for STDs among child victims of sexual abuse and for sexual abuse among child victims of STDs. Some of the more common sexually transmitted diseases among adults, such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachmatis, Treponema pallidum, genital herpes simplex Virus, human papillomavirus and HIV/AIDS are discussed as they occur in children between the ages of 1 and 12 years. Suggestions are provided for nurses regarding assessment and protocols (interviews and examinations) and interventions.
Atmospherically Transported Volcanic Glass in Deep-Sea Sediments: Volcanism in Sub-Antarctic Latitudes of the South Pacific During Late Pliocene and Pleistocene Time

Particulate separation and analysis of the fine fractions in nine dated deep-sea sedimentary cores, extending from high latitudes of the southwest to south-central Pacific, reveal very similar time patterns in the accumulation of atmospherically transported rhyolitic volcanic dust during the past 2.5 m.y. The probable source region for the volcanic dust is the Balleny Islands. Simple comparisons of the accumulation-rate curves show that the same series of volcanic eruptions are undoubtedly recorded in the cores examined for the period of 2.4 to 0.3 m.y. ago. Seven separate periods of intensive volcanic activity, each containing as many as eight possibly distinct eruptive episodes, have been detected. The most intense eruptions occurred between 1.8 and 1.6 m.y. ago. The associated volcanic ash will be found in high-latitude marine sediments of the entire South Pacific. We name this widespread deposit the “Eltanin Ash.” The average volcanic-dust production rate for the 88- to 11-µm size fraction was of the order of 1.7 × 10 5 tons/yr over an area of 4 × 10 6 km 2 , for a period of up to 2 × 10 5 yr. Beyond 500 km from the source, the glass accumulation rates decrease exponentially with increasing distance in most cases. Deviations from this generalization are suspected to be caused by processes including differential dispersal by oceanic currents, bioturbation, bottom or turbidity currents, and minor fluctuations of sedimentation rates, but we can demonstrate minimal distortion for selected eruptions. We have estimated the paleoexplosivity of the series of major eruptions using methods described in an earlier paper. An energy equivalent to 40 megatons of TNT is suggested for the maximum explosivity of the eruptions. This is about 40 times the energy of the suggested violence of the 1968 Arenal Volcano eruption, but only 20 to 40 percent of the 1883 Krakatoa eruption.
British anti-lewisite (BAL), the classic heavy metal antidote

(1972). British Anti-Lewisite (BAL), the Classic Heavy Metal Antidote. Clinical Toxicology: Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 215-222.
Control of flexible rotor systems with active magnetic bearings

An approach is presented for the analysis and design of magnetic suspension systems with large flexible rotordynamics models including dynamics, control, and simulation. The objective is to formulate and synthesize a large-order, flexible shaft rotordynamics model for a flywheel supported with magnetic bearings. A finite element model of the rotor system is assembled and then employed to develop a magnetic suspension compensator to provide good reliability and disturbance rejection. Stable operation over the complete speed range and optimization of the closed-loop rotordynamic properties are obtained via synthesis of eigenvalue analysis, Campbell plots, waterfall plots, and mode shapes. The large order of the rotor model and high spin speed of the rotor present a challenge for magnetic suspension control. A flywheel system is studied as an example for realizing a physical controller that provides stable rotor suspension and good disturbance rejection in all operating states. The baseline flywheel system control is determined from extensive rotordynamics synthesis and analysis for rotor critical speeds, mode shapes, frequency responses, and time responses.
Comments on ``Microstrip Circuits for the Classroom Laboratory''

The cost of microstrip copper-tape circuits in a classroom laboratory can be reduced by using ordinary low frequency materials.
Optical properties of thermal control coatings contaminated by MMH/N2O4 5-pound thruster in a vacuum environment with solar simulation.

Cat-a-lac Black, and S13G thermal control coatings were exposed to the exhaust of a thruster in a simulated space environment. Vacuum was maintained at less than 10 to the minus 5th power torr during thruster firing in the liquid helium cooled facility. The thruster was fired in a 50-millisecond pulse mode and the accumulated firing time was 224 seconds. Solar absorptance (alpha sub s) and thermal emittance (sigma) of the coatings were measured in-situ at intervals of 300 pulses. A calorimetric technique was used to measure alpha sub s and sigma. The tests, technique, and test results are presented. The Cat-a-lac Black coatings showed no change in alpha sub s or sigma. The S13G showed up to 25 percent increase in alpha sub s but no change in sigma.
Bilateral corneal neovascularization and opacification associated with unmonitored contact lens wear.

Abstract Purpose To report a case of severe bilateral deep stromal neovascularization and opacification associated with unmonitored contact lens wear. Design Observational case report. Methods A 46-year-old woman who had been using hydrogel contact lenses bought on the Internet without a prescription for 5 years was found to have dense, bilateral corneal opacities with deep stromal neovascularization. Results The patient's contact lenses were found to be tight-fitting. Medical history and serological studies were negative for infectious or rheumatologic causes of interstitial keratitis. Conclusions The deep stromal neovascularization and the associated corneal opacification are most likely related to the unmonitored contact lens use and the lack of routine eye examinations. We believe it is critical that all contact lens wearers receive professional eye care on a regular basis regardless of where they obtain their contact lens supplies.
New and noteworthy species in Begonia section Gireoudia (Begoniaceae) from Mexico

Two new species are described inBegonia sectionGireoudia:B. rafael-torresii andB. mariti.Begonia karwinskyana, known previously only from its type, is described more amply and discussed.
Ovarian surface epithelial-stromal tumors.

The two decades since the publication of Dr Scully’s review for this journal, entitled “Recent Progress in Ovarian Cancer,“’ have been a time of intense investigative effort facilitated by the standardization of diagnostic criteria and terminology that resulted from widespread acceptance of the original World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Ovarian Tumors.’ During this period, research on surface epithelialstromal tumors, formerly referred to as common “epithelial” tumors,2*3 has focused on the possible prognostic importance of the histologic appearance of peritoneal implants in borderline tumors, development of more precise histologic criteria for the diagnosis of borderline tumors, the miillerian neoplastic potential of the ovarian surface epithelium and female peritoneum, the division of mutinous tumors into those of endocervital-like (miillerian) and gastrointestinal type, and the separation of transitional cell carcinomas from malignant Brenner tumors. This review will concentrate primarily on these advances, which, among others, are the basis of the recent revision of the WHO Classification of Ovarian Tumors chaired by Dr Scully (Scully RE, personal communication).
Corporate punishment: A proposal

“Corporate Punishment: A Proposal” is an exercise in logic and creative thinking. I shall argue that no good reasons exist for the supposition that corporations have rights independent of the rights and interests of the persons they serve and that the error of treating corporations as though they do have autonomous rights derives from a sloppy argument from analogy. I shall further argue that the analogy of corporations to citizens, though pushed too far by some courts and lawmakers, remains a useful analogy if its logical relations can be cleaned up and clarified. Finally, I shall conclude this essay by employing the refurbished analogy in such a way that it yields a proposal for more effective criminal punishment for corporate wrongdoing.
National quality forum performance measures for HIV/AIDS care: the Department of Veterans Affairs' experience.

Background Information technology promises to improve health care through reporting of standardized quality-of-care measures. In 2008, the National Quality Forum (NQF) first endorsed performance measures for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS care. Little is known about performance on these measures in routine medical practice. We assessed performance using available electronic data for the large, diverse population with HIV in the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and evaluated the influence of patient and resource factors. Methods In a retrospective analysis of observational data for 21 564 patients with HIV receiving VA medical care in 2008, we determined performance rates for 10 NQF measures for HIV/AIDS care for the VA nationwide and for 73 facilities with caseloads of 100 or more patients with HIV. Results National rates for 6 measures were greater than 80%; the remaining measures and their rates were as follows: annual syphilis screening (54%), tuberculosis screening (65%), Pneumocystis pneumonia prophylaxis (72%), and HIV RNA control (73%). For all measures, rates varied across facilities. In multivariate logistic regression models, African Americans and hard drug users were less likely to access care and less likely to receive HIV-specific care but more likely to receive indicated general medical care. Resource factors (number of primary care/infectious disease outpatient visits, duration of care, and larger facility caseload) were associated with increased likelihood of receipt of indicated general and HIV-specific care. Conclusions National performance rates were generally high, but variation in rates across facilities revealed room for improvement. Both patient and resource factors had an impact on the likelihood of receipt of indicated care.
Renal Percent Clearance Ratios in Cattle

Renal percent clearance ratios for various electrolytes were determined on nine clinically normal Holstein heifers. Endogenous creatinine serum and urine levels were used to calculate the ratios. The average percent clearance ratios and standard deviations of Na, K, Cl, P, and Ca were 1.97+/-0.63, 49.3+/-9.2, 3.16+/-1.l2, 15.6+/-14.3, and 1.38+/-1.41, respectively. The correlation between Na and Cl percent clearance ratios within a sample was 0.92. A very strong direct correlation of urine creatinine and urine specific gravity was demonstrated.
Upper and lower bounds for eigenvalues

Abstract This paper presents a new method for computing upper and lower bounds for the eigenvalues of the system [ r ( x ) y ′]′ + λp ( x ) y = 0, y ( a ) = y ( b ) = 0. It permits one to approximate as closely as desired simultaneously to any finite subset of the eigenvalues, and the method is particularly well adapted to the use of a computer. The novelty of the method consists in approximating the coefficients of the differential equation by means of step-functions rather than approximating the solutions of the differential system.
Hydroelectricity on Wings of Transition

Hydroelectricity is the product of where science an d technology converge to form a functional system. Through a 130 year corridor hydroelectricit y has reached a 20% electricity generation level in the world energy matrix. Changes in techno logy and expansion in energy dependence provide the sector options to enlarge the hydropowe r resource base. Standard dam technology will remain a big sector in the hydroelectric syste m. Attention to existing systems will have its role in upgrading installed units. Another step in the sector will be the coming harnessing of tidal basins, such as La Rance (1966, France), or the Sev ern in S.W. U.K. Lowland rivers will attract bulbar turbines where the dams will be 15 to 20 met ers high on the order of flood plain inundation instead of a massive reservoir extensive resettlement requirements. New systems would open the Orinoco, Amazon, and Parana to damle ss hydropower installations. Hence, the future of hydroelectricity would correspond to the environmental needs of the 21 st century, minimal environmental stress and low cost energy. H ydroelectricity of the future furthers environmental stability and sustainability in the t errestrial context. A next step would be entering the open seas and capture wave action with adaptive hydrokinetic systems. While the world’s energy needs continue to grow, there arises the need for energy conservation via significant improvements – conservation – in mechanical energy uses, improved equipment at all levels. Hydroelectricity is an increasingly prominent component in the “network of power”, how do the world’s states reconcile the economic-environmental -societal needs and preferences?
Determination of 13C chemical shift tensors in the presence of hydrogen bonding and 14N quadrupolar coupling: p-Aminosalicylic acid, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide

The 1 3 C chemical-shift tensor principal values were measured for p-aminosalicylic acid, pyrazinamide, and isoniazid. A moderate-strength hydrogen bond between adjacent p-aminosalicylic acid molecules in the crystal was simulated several different ways in attempts to find a reasonable model of the electrostatic interactions in the crystal. Crystal lattice effects on the calculated chemical-shift tensors are treated by application of the embedded ion method (EIM). Coupling between 1 4 N and several 1 3 C atoms was included in the data analysis to provide more accurate 1 3 C chemical-shift tensor principal values. The chemical-shift tensors are assigned with a permutative algorithm based upon the computed chemical shifts.
Aqueous shunt devices compared with trabeculectomy with Mitomycin-C for children in the first two years of life.

Abstract Purpose To compare the outcomes of children 24 months of age or younger treated with aqueous shunt devices or with mitomycin-C (MMC) trabeculectomy. Design Retrospective, age-matched, comparative case series. Methods Forty-six eyes of 32 patients with mean age of 7.0 ± 5.1 month (range, 1 to 22 months) and uncontrolled glaucoma, which received an aqueous shunt device (Ahmed glaucoma valve or Baerveldt implant), compared with 24 eyes of 19 patients with mean age of 5.3 ± 4.8 months (range, 0.5 to 24 months), which received an MMC trabeculectomy. Surgical success was defined as intraocular pressure Results Cumulative probabilities of success were 87% ± 5.0% for the aqueous shunt group compared with 36% ± 8.0% success in the trabeculectomy group at 12 months and 53% ± 12% in the aqueous shunt group compared with 19% ± 7% in the trabeculectomy group at 72 months (χ 2 of 23.5, P P = .0074). The most common postoperative procedure in the aqueous shunt group was tube repositioning, performed in 16 of 46 eyes (34.8%). Conclusions Aqueous shunt implantation offers a significantly greater chance of successful glaucoma control in the first 2 years of life, compared with trabeculectomy with MMC. However, the enhanced success with aqueous shunt devices is associated with a higher likelihood of postoperative complications requiring surgical revision, most commonly tube repositioning.