cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS AND MITIGATION OF DEAD-ZONE EFFECTS ON SYSTEMS USING TWO-IMPULSE ZV INPUT SHAPING

Input shaping is an effective method for reducing oscillatory motion in linear systems. Many physical systems, however, exhibit discontinuous dynamics, such as saturation, rate limiting, backlash, and dead-zone. These hard nonlinearities can degrade the vibration reducing properties of shaped signals. This paper investigates the detrimental effects of dead-zone on a class of input-shaped commands. A mitigation strategy is proposed for reducing these detrimental effects when the value of the deadzone can be estimated. The robustness of this mitigation approach to uncertainties in the dead-zone width is also determined. Theoretical developments are experimentally verified using an industrial 10-ton bridge crane.
Are Collective and Private Political Actions Substitutes or Complements? Empirical Evidence from China's Private Sector

This paper examines the circumstances under which collective and private corporate political actions are more likely to be substitutes or complements. Using data based on a series of nationwide surveys conducted on privately owned firms in China, I find that firms that are engaged in collective political actions are more likely to pursue private political actions. This positive relationship is stronger in less economically developed provinces and when there are greater opportunities for the state to redistribute economic resources in product and capital markets. Meanwhile, this relationship is weaker in the presence of heavier regulatory burdens and for firms in which the state has some equity or owned by individuals who had prior political careers. These findings contribute to the corporate political action (CPA) literature.
Catalyst structure and substituent effects on epoxidation of styrenics with immobilized Mn(tmtacn) complexes

Abstract Monomeric and dimeric complexes of Mn 1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane (tmtacn) were immobilized under reaction conditions onto solid supports to create heterogeneous catalysts for epoxidation with H 2 O 2 . These solid supports consist of activated carbon or silica grafted or co-condensed with benzoic or C3/C4 acids that function both as tethering points and as required co-catalysts. Immobilized catalysts were as much as 50-fold faster than the analogous soluble system, and an immobilized, dimeric Mn(tmtacn) complex with a solid benzoic acid co-catalyst gave the highest yields to epoxide. A Hammett study on the catalytic epoxidation of a series of styrenes showed weak increases in yield for more electron-withdrawing p -substituents reactants for both immobilized complexes, which runs counter to previous observations with analogous homogeneous catalysts, and which appears to reflect a previously unappreciated tradeoff between the intrinsic epoxidation reactivity and strong catalyst inhibition by styrene oxides and glycols. Finally, these catalysts were tested with a variety of solid-co-catalysts, and were successfully utilized in the challenging epoxidation of divinylbenzene to industrially-useful divinylbenzene dioxide using a cascade of two catalyst charges.
Geographic Mobility of Liquidity Constrained Unemployed Workers

In this paper I use data on geographic mobility from the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) and state-year variation in unemployment insurance (UI) laws to evaluate the link between unemployment benefit generosity and mobility decisions of unemployed workers in the United States in the period 2001-2012. My empirical strategy uses a proportional hazard model to study whether the probability of moving during the unemployment spell depends on UI benefit generosity. I find that (1) higher UI weekly benefit amounts increase unemployed workers' geographic mobility, (2) the effect is stronger for more liquidity constrained unemployed workers (3) UI weekly benefit amounts are a stronger determinant of unemployed workers' geographic mobility than UI duration. Theoretically, I develop a spatial equilibrium model with risk-averse and liquidity constrained unemployed workers, and explain the empirical findings with the presence of high monetary moving costs.
Colorectal Cancer Family History Assessment

This article describes family history assessment for colorectal cancer in three outpatient gastroenterology units and examines gastroenterology unit nurses' knowledge and attitudes about family history assessments. Eighty-eight colonoscopy records were surveyed, and 16 RNs were interviewed. The medical record documentation was surveyed using a researcher-developed tool to identify type of cancer, age at disease onset, family relationship, and number of family members with cancer. Gastroenterology unit nurses were interviewed to assess knowledge and attitudes about family history assessment regarding colorectal cancer. Findings indicate that limited family history documentation was present in the medical record and that important age-at-disease-onset information was missing in 95% of patients with a family history of colorectal cancer and in 85% of patients with a family history of Lynch syndrome-associated cancers. No documentation was found in any charts about the number of affected relatives within the same family. Inconsistencies in family history documentation within the same medical record were noted, and family history information was found in multiple chart forms. Gastroenterology nurses rated family history as very important but gave a lower rating to personal knowledge about and resources for family history assessment.
Methylation profiles in peripheral blood CD4+ lymphocytes versus brain: The relation to Alzheimer's disease pathology.

Abstract Introduction We investigated the change in DNA methylation in peripheral blood CD4+ lymphocytes over time, examined the relation between CD4+ lymphocytes and brain methylation, and compared their associations with AD pathology. Methods Genome-wide methylation was measured three times in 41 older persons using Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 array. The two CD4+ lymphocytes measures were at study baseline and proximate to death. Brain tissue came from frozen dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Results Global methylation features were conserved across tissue. At individual CpG sites, methylation level was concordant between the two CD4+ lymphocytes but more diffuse between CD4+ lymphocytes and brain. Previous associations of brain methylation with neuritic plaques at target methylation sites were not replicated in CD4+ lymphocytes. Discussion There is no strong evidence of change in CD4+ lymphocytes methylation among older persons over an average of 7.5 years. Methylation associations with AD pathology found in neocortex are not directly reflected in CD4+ lymphocytes.
Ultimate Properties of Polymer Chains

New polymers with exceptional properties are needed for applications in high-performance structures, novel electrical, optical and electro-optical devices, and for multi-functional smart materials. Concurrently, new computational capabilities and methods for properties prediction and analysis have enabled the study of a variety of polymer chain architectures to examine the principles that govern their high-performance properties. By semi-empirical and ab initio computational methods, flexible, stiff-chain, rigid-rod, and biological structures could be analyzed. Single chain molecular stress-strain curves for axial tension and compression were calculated, and the strain dependence of the molecular modulus and vibrational frequencies were compared to measurements of molecular deformation, such as IR and Raman spectroscopy. However, of special interest is the distinctly different response of alpha-helical biopolymer chains to strain. Indeed, in this study we compare on a theoretical basis the ‘spring-like’ microscopic mechanical response of alpha-helical biopolymers having a reinforcing intra-molecular hydrogen bonding network to analogous synthetic extended chain polymers, especially poly(para-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) [KEVLAR™]. The theoretical verification of the absence of compressive buckling in alpha-helical biopolymer chains rationalizes the molecular elasticity and resistance to ‘kinking’ of those strands, manifested by the prevalence in Nature for coiled coils. The understanding of the structure-to-function relationship in biopolymers explaining the role of the alpha-helix in these systems as a requirement for superior compressive mechanical properties, may enable new guidance for the synthesis of motifs consistent with molecular frameworks optimized by Nature.
History of dyspepsia in Scotland. Admissions to the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary 1729-1830, doctoral theses 1726-1823, and contemporary British publications.

INTRODUCTION The aim of the study was to assess whether the rise in the occurrence of dyspepsia in Scotland during the eighteenth century was a true epidemiologic phenomenon or just an increase in medical awareness. METHODS Admissions for dyspepsia to the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary from 1729 until 1830 were analysed by consecutive five-year time periods. The titles of MD theses on dyspepsia from 1726 to 1823 were extracted from the Edinburgh University index. Monographs and articles on dyspepsia from Britain during the same time period were sought in the Catalogues of the US Surgeon-General's Library. RESULTS During the eighteenth century, the annual number of dyspepsia patients admitted to the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary showed an extraordinary increase from none in 1730 to 900 per million population in 1760. About 4000 MD theses were presented to the Edinburgh University between 1726 and 1823. There were none on dyspepsia or gastritis between 1726 and 1749, after when it gradually started to rise. British publications on dyspepsia similarly appeared only in the 1790s and then rapidly increased. DISCUSSION We suggest that the rise in MD theses and publications on dyspepsia were responses to a real increase in dyspepsia during the mid eighteenth century.
Characterization of CD1d in mucosal immune function: an immunotherapeutic target for inflammatory bowel disease.

In summary, CD1d is expressed in a polarized manner in biochemically distinct forms on human and rodent IECs. Functional studies in rodents would suggest that activation of CD1d-NK-T-related pathways leads to the generation of immunoregulatory factors that are both anti-inflammatory and barrier-enhancing; characteristics that would be quite beneficial to the perturbations associated with IBD. Our studies would suggest that activation of CD1d on IECs in either an NK-Tdependent or -independent fashion leads to the production of cytokines such as IL-10, which can directly regulate IEC barrier function in an autocrine manner. It is therefore possible that glycolipid antigens, perhaps derived from luminal microbial antigens, may either directly stimulate CDld on IECs or indirectly stimulate IECs through presentation of these glycolipid antigens to local CDld-restricted T cells such as the NK-T cell. These studies further suggest that NK-T cells may be a novel type of immunoregulatory cell relevant to IBD pathogenesis. 23 How these insights relate to immunotherapeutic approaches in IBD remains to be established. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that rationalizing IBD therapy around the sequence of immunologic events associated with IBD pathogenesis is extremely important (Table 1).
Software-Enabled Receding Horizon Control for Autonomous UAV Guidance

This paper describes autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) guidance technologies developed and demonstrated in a igh t test sponsored by the DARPA Software Enabled Control program. The igh t experiment took place in June 2004 using a Boeing UAV testbed and demonstrated important autonomy capabilities enabled by a receding horizon guidance controller and fault detection lter. The receding horizon controller (RHC) design process is presented in detail as well as demonstration scenarios which were designed to exercise and evaluate the primary functionalities of the control system. Simulation results of the key capabilities are shown and compared with recorded igh t data for evaluation purposes. Hardware-in-the-loop simulations and other high delit y test run results illustrate secondary capabilities such as controller reconguration due to actuator fault and maneuvering limit enforcement using output constraints in the receding horizon approach.
Pseudoazygos lobe caused by lymph node pneumatocele.

Summary:In patients with AIDS, the relatively high incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis places them at risk for more severe esophageal tuberculosis (including fistula formation) (1), and tuberculous esophagitis in the setting of AIDS may be more common than had been thought (1–3). Tuberculous esophag
Banking on Those Who Don't

The U.S. Postal Service is considering adding financial services for those who steer clear of private banks. If you are among America's 68 million people who can't, won't or just don't do business with private banks, the post office wants you. Recognizing a need for affordable banking services among the nation's lower-income consumers, the U.S. Postal Service also sees a way to bolster its own bottom line by offering financial services.
Surveillance and Analysis of Whole Death Causes among Residents of Xi'an City in 2007

[Objective]To investigate the distribution feature of death causes and the affection on life among residents of Xi'an City,and provide evidence for comprehensive control.[Methods]Mortality rate,proportion and PYLL were applied to descriptively analyze the surveillance data of death cause in Xi'an city in 2007.[Results]The mortality rate reported in 2007 in Xi'an City was 572.88/100,000,the first five main death causes were cardiovascular disease,malignant neoplasm,cerebrovascular disease,injuries and poisoning,respiratory system disease,which accounted for 78.91% of all causes;traffic accidents(motor vehicle accidents,other transportation accidents besides motor vehicle),accidental fall,accidental poisoning and suicide were the main reasons for death induced by injury and poisoning,and they were the most common causes of early death.[Conclusion]The proportion of non-communicable disease is highest in total death;it is the main death causes that endanger the health of residents of the city.Injury and poisoning are the main risk factors that endanger the health of young adults in Xi'an,so it is urgent to strengthen the prevention and control of non-communicable disease,the government should bring injure into disease control and prevention planning as soon as possible.
Audio Watermarking Algorithm Based on DCT and DWT

Robustness digital audio watermarking algorithm for resistance to synchronization attack is based on the DCT and DWT method. The multi-resolution of DWT is combined by the de-correlation capability and energy aggregation of DCT. Furthermore, the synchronization technology is introduced in the audio section. The blind detection of watermark can be achieved under the guarantee at a good balance of unperceived and robustness. The technique for correct error coding is used to embed watermark in order to reduce detection error rate of watermark. Blind extraction is implemented at the receiver. Experimental results show that this algorithm has strong performance of robustness and unperceived ability.
RESEARCH OF ELECTRICITY MARKET ORIENTED TRANSACTION ALGORITHM

Based on the electricity market operation struc- ture and mode which consider the contract electricity signed between single buyer and generation company as the physical contract and taking the residual electricity in competition bid- ding, a method of allocation contract electricity among the u- nits is presented. The merit-order method and linear pro- gramming method to solve the residual electricity transaction are adopted. The results of a 10-units system show that the two transaction algorithms are practical and dependable. Then this paper gives a view about its development.
The obstacles and countermeasures of fresh food e-commerce development in China

Now the e-commerce has been the heart discussion as the Internet plus is come into being. As an emerging field, the development direction of the fresh food e-commerce is unclear, so we still need to explore its development tendency. The paper analyzed the barriers facing fresh food e-commerce in China through the introduction of current development situation. According to the experiences of fresh food e-commerce development in developed countries,we provided the corresponding countermeasures combined with China's specific national conditions.
Emulating the Functionality of Rodents’ Neurobiological Navigation and Spatial Cognition Cells in a Mobile Robot

A unique roving robot navigational system is presented here, which is inspired by rats’ navigational and spatial awareness brain cells. Rodents, as well as all mammalians, are capable of exploring their surroundings when foraging or avoiding predators, and remembering their way home or to the closest known shelter through path integration. This is true for other creatures, but the neural cells involved in accomplishing these tasks have been most notably studied in rats, as they share certain similarities with a human’s brain. The robot built in this study, named ratbot, uses characteristics and interpreted functionalities of the specialized navigational and spatial cognition brain cells, which are primarily found in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex. These cells are the: place cells, head direction cells, boundary cells, and grid cells, as well as memory used for the storage and access of salient distal cues. Similar to a rat, the ratbot uses path integration to navigate from one waypoint to another. This is accomplished through use of vectors and vector mathematics. Additionally, the ratbot uses a field programmable gate array (FPGA) to emulate grid cell inspired functionality for environment mapping and spatial cognition.
Anatomical variations of the sciatic nerve, in relation to the piriformis muscle

Abstract Anatomical variations can be seen in any part of the body and unless they are identified through imaging, during surgery, or on autopsy most of them will never be detected. Anatomical variations of the sciatic nerve in relation to the piriformis have been described for many years and so has possible implications these variations might play in certain pathologies, such as sciatica. Identifying the frequency of anatomical variations in the population is relevant to identify patients that might not be treated effectively with standard medical care. These patients might require specialized care due to their unique anatomy. In this study 51 cadavers where examined for anatomical variations in the relation of the sciatic nerve to the piriformis muscle. We found that out of 102 lower limbs examined, 90 contained normal anatomy (89%). We identified two distinct variations of anatomy in the cadavers examined: one variation showing the common fibular branch of the sciatic nerve passing through the piriformis (occurring in 9 out of 102 or 8.8% of lower limbs examined); the second variation was the common fibular branch passing over the piriformis (found in 3 out of the 102 limbs or 2.9%).
Professional Development & Management Strategy: Keeping Up-to-Date on Changes in Resources

One of the classics in Portuguese literature is “The Lusiads” by Luiz Vaz de Camoes. “The Lusiads” is composed of ten cantos which celebrate the sixteenth century seafaring voyages of Portuguese explorers. The author has special significance to us because he attended the university at Coimbra in the 1540’s. His life included an unfortunate love affair that led to his banishment from Lisbon; a father who was shipwrecked and drowned off the coast of Goa; the loss of an eye; imprisonment for a street brawl; and trips to China and India. The cantos are the story of one of the great explorations, Vasco da Gama’s voyage to India. It is the story of the Portuguese people who in a little more than a century sailed over the globe, carrying their flag and their faith from Brazil to Japan, and “established not merely an empire but a new conception of empire based on mastery of the ocean routes.”1
Shakespeare on Screen: Othello

The publication of Shakespeare on Screen: Othello by Cambridge University Press is a significant event in the world of scholarship related to Shakespearean performance in film, television and digit...
Statistical and image analysis for characterizing simulated atomic-scale damage in crystals

Abstract While molecular dynamics simulations have been used for decades to study structure and formation mechanisms of plastic damage in crystals, the analytical tools needed to characterize collections of plastic defects have been limited. Here we demonstrate the use of two methods, spatial cross-correlations (CC) and Linear Discriminate Analysis (LDA), to analyze and compare plastic damage profiles among molecular dynamics simulations in which damage was created by straining bi-crystals containing symmetric tilt grain boundaries with different tilt angles. Two potentials were used, one representing Cu and one representing Ag, and two coarse-grained descriptors for different types of crystal damage were used, averaged central symmetry parameters (CSP) and atomic hydrostatic stress (HS). We find that in general the CSP is a more accurate descriptor than HS for both analysis methods, and for data base sizes of about 30 or more simulations per tilt angle, the LDA does considerably better in predicting angle and material than the CC method. For example, at the largest data base size of 50 simulations per tilt angle and using the average CSP values, the LDA predicts the exact initial tilt angle and material type for 92% of the simulations, while the CC approach drops to 58%. If the average HS is used instead of the average CSP, the LDA and CC predictions drop to 63% and 32%, respectively. These results point to a number of possible applications of this method, for example in quantifying how the range of damage for a set of strained systems may depend on strain rate or temperature, or quantifying similarities between complex damage from processes such as indentation and energetic ion bombardment.
Patterns and processes: Subaerial lava flow morphologies: A review

Abstract Most lava flows have been emplaced away from the watchful eyes of volcanologists, so there is a desire to use solidified lava-flow morphologies to reveal important information about the eruption that formed them. Our current understanding of the relationship between solidified basaltic lava morphology and the responsible eruption and emplacement processes is based on decades of fieldwork, laboratory analyses and simulations, and computer models. These studies have vastly improved our understanding of the complex interactions between the solids, liquids, and gases that comprise cooling lava flows. However, the complex interactions (at millimeter and sub-millimeter scales) between the temperature-dependent abundances of the distinct phases that comprise a lava flow and the final morphology remain challenging to model and to predict. Similarly, the complex behavior of an active pahoehoe flow, although almost ubiquitous on Earth, remains difficult to quantitatively model and precisely predict.
Grundlegende Funktionen von WeChat

In diesem Kapitel werden die grundlegenden Funktionen von WeChat aus der Sicht der Endnutzer kurz erlautert. Dabei werden zuerst die Oberflache und die Einstellungen vorgestellt. Anschliesend werden die Methoden zur Herstellung von Kontakten beschrieben. Zudem wird ein Blick auf die Besonderheit von Chatten sowie Teilen von Momentaufnahmen auf WeChat geworfen. Schlieslich wird die Funktion von „WeChat fur Windows“ vorgestellt.
Using Story-Based Interventions to Improve Episodic Memory in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Episodic memory (EM) and scene construction are critical for organizing and understanding personally experienced events and for developing several aspects of social cognition including self-concept, identity, introspection, future thinking, counterfactual reasoning, theory of mind, self-regulation, flexible problem-solving, and socially adaptive behavior. This article challenges the reader to think differently about EM in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), as we expand our understanding of autobiographical memory that requires an ability to travel back in time and re-experience an event. The role of EM in cognitive and behavioral functioning for children with and without ASD is described. The value of story-based interventions such as Social Stories and Comic Strip Conversations for supporting EM is discussed with adaptations recommended to ensure a rich personal recall of an event. By focusing on EM and scene construction, there is potential for increasing the potency of story-based interventions for achieving maximum therapeutic impact.
A 5GHz 7nm L1 cache memory compiler for high-speed computing and mobile applications

In high performance computing (HPC) applications, the speed of the L1 cache will typically determine the maximum frequency (/Max) of the processor core. Companies that mass produce high-performance microprocessors commonly have the L1 cache consist of fully-custom macros: to ensure that the performance of the L1 cache does not limit the f MAX or throughput of the processor. In addition, it is also common for the custom L1 cache designs to use a two-port 8T or a large 6T bitcell, along with domino read logic and very short BL [2,3]. These designs tradeoff density and area for high performance. This paper presents a different approach, one which can satisfy a range of different applications; a memory compiler that can generate more than 10,000 different high-speed L1 cache macro configurations is proposed. The 7nm L1-cache compiler described in this paper uses a high-current (HC) 6T bitcell, which is more area efficient than an 8T bitcell. The HC bitcell, along with small-signal sensing, allows for long BL (256b), leading to further area efficiency improvements. Since these L1 macros are just as likely to be used in mobile applications as they are to be used in HPC applications, they were implemented using the array dual-rail (ADR) architecture [4]. The ADR architecture (Fig. 11.3.1) allows the periphery circuits of the L1 macro to operate at the same voltage as the processor core: a lower l/ DD results in dynamic power savings. ADR performance is also improved, over an interface dual-rail, when the SRAM and logic supplies are equivalent, as ADR design does not suffer from a level-shifter delays on the inputs or outputs.
ETS transcription factor ETV2/ER71/Etsrp in haematopoietic regeneration.

Purpose of review Recent studies have established that haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) remain quiescent in homeostatic conditions, and minimally contribute to haematopoietic homeostasis. However, they undergo extensive cell cycle and expansion upon bone marrow transplantation or haematopoietic injury to reestablish the haematopoietic system. Molecular basis for the HSC activation and expansion is not completely understood. Here, we review the recent study elucidating the role of the developmentally critical Ets transcription factor Etv2 in reestablishing haematopoietic system upon injury through promoting HSC regeneration. Recent findings We recently demonstrated that the ETS transcription factor Etv2, a critical factor for haematopoietic and vascular development, is also required for haematopoietic regeneration. Etv2, which is silent in homeostatic HSCs, was transiently activated in regenerating HSPCs and was required for the HSC expansion and regeneration following bone marrow transplantation or haematopoietic injury. As such, while Etv2 is dispensable for maintaining HSCs in steady states, it is required for emergency haematopoiesis. Summary Etv2 has been identified as a novel regulator of haematopoietic regeneration. Comprehensive understanding of the upstream regulators and downstream effectors of Etv2 in haematopoietic regeneration would be critical for fundamental understanding of haematopoietic stem cell biology, and the findings will be broadly applicable to clinical practice involving haematopoietic regenerative medicine; bone marrow transplantation, gene therapy and in-vitro HSC expansion.
Improving Teaching Effectiveness: Addressing Modes of Learning in the College Classroom

Kolb's learning cycle, based on experiential education theory, provides a framework for instructional design that can be used by the educator to improve teaching effectiveness in recreation, park, ...
Stability of time trade-off utilities for health states associated with the treatment of prostate cancer

Background: Patients diagnosed with localized prostate cancer face several treatment options. Patient preferences for treatment side effects often dominate the decision making process. We proposed to learn more about the nature of patient preferences, or utilities, for these side effects. Methods: Two hundred and fifteen men were consecutively enrolled from three institutions for assessment after prostate needle biopsy. Baseline and 6 month follow-up assessments were done using the University of California, Los Angeles Prostate Cancer Index (UCLA PCI), and a laptop utility assessment application, U-Titer II. Patient utility was assessed for current pelvic functions as well as hypothetical pelvic dysfunctions. We calculated stability of utility scores and correlations between utility scores and UCLA PCI scores. Results: Utility scores for current pelvic functions exhibited a significant ‘ceiling effect.’ Utility scores for current pelvic functions and hypothetical impaired states were stable after 6 months in patients with negative biopsies. In patients who underwent treatment, utility for current sexual function decreased by 0.13 units (p 25-point drop in UCLA PCI score. Conclusion: Utilities for some ‘current’ pelvic functions decreased in tandem with UCLA PCI scores in men who experienced >25-point changes in these scores. Utilities for some ‘hypothetical’ pelvic dysfunctions rose as men began to actually experience functional changes in those areas.
High Risk of Deep Neck Infection in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study

Objective: To investigate the risk of deep neck infection (DNI) in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Methods: The database of the Registry for Catastrophic Illness Patients, affiliated to the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, was used to conduct a retrospective cohort study. In total, 5741 patients with T1DM and 22,964 matched patients without diabetes mellitus (DM) were enrolled between 2000 and 2010. The patients were followed up until death or the end of the study period (31 December 2013). The primary outcome was the occurrence of DNI. Results: Patients with T1DM exhibited a significantly higher cumulative incidence of DNI than did those without DM (p < 0.001). The Cox proportional hazards model showed that T1DM was significantly associated with a higher incidence of DNI (adjusted hazard ratio, 10.71; 95% confidence interval, 6.02–19.05; p < 0.001). The sensitivity test and subgroup analysis revealed a stable effect of T1DM on DNI risk. The therapeutic methods (surgical or nonsurgical) did not differ significantly between the T1DM and non-DM cohorts. Patients with T1DM required significantly longer hospitalization for DNI than did those without DM (9.0 ± 6.2 vs. 4.1 ± 2.0 days, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the patients with T1DM were predisposed to DNI at a younger age than were those without DM. Conclusions: T1DM is an independent risk factor for DNI and is associated with a 10-fold increase in DNI risk. The patients with T1DM require longer hospitalizations for DNI and are younger than those without DM.
Intersection theory on Shimura surfaces II

This is the third of a series of papers relating intersections of special cycles on the integral model of a Shimura surface to Fourier coefficients of Hilbert modular forms. More precisely, we embed the Shimura curve over ℚ associated to a rational quaternion algebra into the Shimura surface associated to the base change of the quaternion algebra to a real quadratic field. After extending the associated moduli problems over ℤ we obtain an arithmetic threefold with a embedded arithmetic surface, which we view as a cycle of codimension one. We then construct a family, indexed by totally positive algebraic integers in the real quadratic field, of codimension two cycles (complex multiplication points) on the arithmetic threefold. The intersection multiplicities of the codimension two cycles with the fixed codimension one cycle are shown to agree with the Fourier coefficients of a (very particular) Hilbert modular form of weight 3/2. The results are higher dimensional variants of results of Kudla-Rapoport-Yang, which relate intersection multiplicities of special cycles on the integral model of a Shimura curve to Fourier coefficients of a modular form in two variables.
Identification of Gz alpha as a pertussis toxin-insensitive G protein in human platelets and megakaryocytes.

G proteins mediate the interaction between cell surface receptors and intracellular effectors. Recent studies have shown that human retina and rat brain contain mRNA encoding a novel 40-Kd G protein alpha subunit referred to as Gz alpha. Studies with an antiserum selective for the predicted sequence of this protein have suggested that a similar protein is present in human platelets and is phosphorylated during platelet activation. To better understand the structure and function of this protein, the present studies examine its sequence in platelets and compare its abundance in human platelets, megakaryocytes, and two megakaryoblastic cell lines, HEL cells and Dami cells. Three different Gz alpha-selective antisera reacted with a 40-Kd protein in platelet membranes. None of these detected a corresponding protein in HEL or Dami cells, despite the presence in both cell lines of proteins recognized by antisera selective for three members of the Gi alpha family. Northern blotting with a Gz alpha-specific probe prepared from retinal Gz alpha showed two hybridizing species in platelet RNA: a major band at 3.5 kb and a minor band at 2.2 kb. Both were detectable in HEL and Dami cells, but at greatly reduced levels compared with platelets. RNA encoding Gz alpha was also detected in individual human megakaryocytes by in situ hybridization. The amount present approached that of Gi alpha 2′ the most abundant of the Gi alpha species present in platelets. The complete sequence of the platelet homolog to Gz alpha was determined from platelet RNA amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. The encoded protein was the same as those obtained in brain and retina. Thus, based on immunoreactivity and nucleotide sequencing, platelets and megakaryocytes contain substantial quantities of a protein identical to brain and retinal Gz alpha. The paucity of Gz alpha protein and RNA in the megakaryoblastic cell lines suggests that either there has been a selective loss of the ability to synthesize Gz alpha from these cells or that Gz alpha appears at a later stage in megakaryocyte development than does Gi alpha.
Forensics and accident/incident investigations for device/information systems

Abstract When ECRI Institute was being created in the late 1960s and early 1970s, the founder, Dr. Joel J. Nobel took part in US Congressional testimony that led to the FDA's medical device amendments in 1975. For over the past 50 years, ECRI continued to pioneer and improve Problem Report Network (PRN) practices which ultimately evolved into an Accidents and Medical Forensics specialty. This chapter explains ways to apply ECRI's accident and medical forensics methods to the 21st Century information and communication age.
F. Dretske’s Total Rejection of the Hempel-Model

Dretske’s influential account of laws stands in sharp contrast to the classical accounts of Hempel, Nagel, Carnap, and Braithwaite. I will, in the following, refer to these somewhat different accounts as “the standard view”. Dretske’s view has been seen as marking a striking shift away from that view, and the beginning of a series of new non-Humean accounts. His account of laws forcefully declared that (1) Laws are relations between, properties, quantities, magnitudes, or features that are expressed by certain predicates. (2) The relations in each law are extensional, and can vary from law to law, (3) Laws are singular sentences rather than general, and (4) The statement of the law All F’s are G will not change it’s truth-value if any co-referential expression replaces “F”, “G”, or both. However the result of that replacement may not be a law. This feature is, he, misleadingly refers to as “the opacity of laws”. With the exception of the first claim, the remaining ones appear to be a wholesale repudiation of the received view about laws. They are not friendly amendments. If true, they cut deeply into the received view. We turn therefore to a detailed consideration of them.
Fluorescence-guided surgery improved long-term survival in orthotopic nude mouse models of cancer

Abstract Background: Negative surgical margins are vital to achieve cure and prolong survival in patients with cancer. We inquired if fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) compared to bright-light surgery (BLS) could improve surgical outcomes and reduce recurrence rates in orthotopic mouse models of human cancer. Methods: A randomized active-control pre-clinical trial comparing BLS to FGS was used. Orthotopic mouse models of human pancreatic cancer, colon cancer, including liver metastasis, and fibrosarcoma were established. The models were established with human cancer cell lines expressing fluorescent proteins. Pre- and postoperative images were obtained with the OV-100 Small Animal Imaging System to assess completeness of surgical resection in real time. Post-operatively, noninvasive whole-body imaging was done to assess recurrence and follow tumor progression. Results: With the pancreatic cancer model, FGS resulted in significantly longer disease-free survival (DFS) than BLS (P=.02, hazard ratio=0.39, 95% CI 0.17, 0.88). With the colon cancer model, FGS lengthened disease-free median survival from 9 to >36 weeks. The median overall survival (OS) increased from 16 weeks in the BLS group to 31 weeks in the FGS group. FGS resulted in a cure in 67% of mice compared with only 37% of mice that underwent BLS (P=.049). With the colon cancer liver-metastasis model, the FGS-treated mice had significantly prolonged disease-free survival (DFS) (P=.001) and OS (P=.027) compared to BLS-treated mice. With the fibrosarcoma model the combination of BLS+FGS significantly decreased recurrence compared to BLS-only treated mice (P Conclusion: These results demonstrate the feasibility and efficacy of FGS of primary and metastatic cancer compared to BLS.
Adaptive Multichannel Terahertz Communication by Space-Time Shared Aperture Metasurfaces

We propose a technique for adaptive multichannel communication in the low-terahertz frequency regime through simultaneous and independent multifrequency multibeam scanning via a single time-modulated metasurface consisting of graphene micro-patch antennas whose Fermi energy levels are modulated by radio-frequency biasing signals. For this purpose, we divide the metasurface aperture into interleaved orthogonally modulated sub-array antennas with distinct modulation frequencies, rendering a shared aperture in space-time. The higher-order frequency harmonics generated by the sub-arrays in such a space-time shared-aperture metasurface are mutually orthogonal as they do not yield an observable interference pattern. A distinct constant progressive modulation phase delay can be adopted in each sub-array to independently scan its corresponding higher-order frequency harmonics via dispersionless modulation-induced phase gradient with minimal sidelobe level and full angle-of-view over a wide bandwidth. The number of sub-arrays and distinct channels can be scaled easily without suffering from cross-talk due to orthogonality of the channels. The concept is established theoretically and verified through numerical simulations. We characterize active beam-scanning performance of the space-time shared aperture metasurface in terms of gain and half power beamwidth and their dependence to the array architecture. We consider both one-dimensional and two-dimensional interleaving for scanning the beams along elevation and azimuth angles. We also obtain the upper bounds for the number of independent channels attainable without compromising angle-of-view as 8 and 64 for one-dimensional and two-dimensional interleaving, respectively within the same physical aperture. Our results point toward high-capacity platforms with low size, weight and power for next generations of terahertz communication systems.
Higher patient doses through X-ray imaging procedures.

Abstract Medical imaging using X-rays has been one of the most popular imaging modalities ever since the discovery of X-rays 125 years ago. With unquestionable benefits, concerns about radiation risks have frequently been raised. Computed tomography (CT) and fluoroscopic guided interventional procedures have the potential to impart higher radiation exposure to patients than radiographic examinations. Despite technological advances, there have been instances of increased doses per procedure mainly because of better diagnostic information in images. However, cumulative dose from multiple procedures is creating new concerns as effective doses >100 mSv are not uncommon. There is a need for action at all levels. Manufacturers must produce equipment that can provide a quality diagnostic image at substantially lesser dose and better implementation of optimization strategies by users. There is an urgent need for the industry to develop CT scanners with sub-mSv radiation dose, a goal that has been lingering. It appears that a new monochromatic X-ray source will lead to replacement of X-ray tubes all over the world in coming years and will lead to a drastic reduction in radiation doses. This innovation will impact all X-ray imaging and will help dose reduction. For interventional procedures, the likely employment of robotic systems in practice may drastically reduce radiation exposures to operators- but patient exposure will still remain an issue. Training needs always need to be emphasized and practiced.
Hospital Dentistry: The Swiss‐Army Knife of Dental Medicine

Hospital Dentistry is an inclusive synergism of the recognized dental specialties in an emergency/hospital atmosphere. This perspective composition serves to display the breadth of Hospital Dentistry from an observational and creative viewpoint while elucidating the role of the Hospital Dentist in the dynamic large university hospital setting. It calls for increased awareness of the field of Hospital Dentistry and the potential for its specialized role in the future of dental medicine. Hospital-based General Practice Residencies (GPR) expose trainees to Hospital Dentistry and its integrated role in medicine. Exploring the ventures of Hospital Dentistry highlight the need to increase Hospital Dentistry-focused student groups while encouraging advanced dental education through GPR programs. The rising geriatric community, complex patient caseload, and population growth call for the need to expand the field of Hospital Dentistry through its recognition as a specialty in the future of dental medicine.
Pediatric ProvidersPerceptions onChallenges and Solutions to Opioid Dosing in Hospitalized Children

BACKGROUND: Limited studies have explored provider’s perceptions about challenges and solutions in prescribing opioids to hospitalized children. OBJECTIVE: The study objectives were to: understand the challenges that providers experience in opioid dosing and prescribing for hospitalized children at a tertiary academic children’s hospital and identify provider-suggested solutions to improving pediatric opioid prescribing in this setting METHODS:An explanatory mixed methods approach was employed; a quantitative survey of providers was followed by semi-structured interviews of providers. Providers volunteered to participate in the survey and interview …
A revision of mechanistic modeling of mild steel corrosion in H2S environments

Abstract In this study, a predictive model for the corrosion rate and the polarization response of bare steel in aqueous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) environments based on H2S dissociation and its buffering effect was developed. In this model, the hydrogen ion reduction is the only cathodic reaction. The results confirmed that the increased limiting cathodic current densities and the characteristic “double wave” behavior in the cathodic current of this system could be explained by hydrogen sulfide dissociation in the vicinity of the metal surface. The effect of hydrogen sulfide on the rate of iron dissolution reaction was also taken into account by introducing a reaction sequence involving sulfide intermediates into the calculations, parallel to the acidic iron dissolution reaction. The developed model was shown to be able to reasonably represent the characteristic electrochemical behavior of this system. Furthermore, the predicted corrosion rates are shown to be in good agreement with the available experimental data in the literature over a wide range of conditions.
DNA Virus (SV40) Induced Antigens

DNA-containing tumor viruses, in contrast to RNA tumor viruses, differ from one another in morphology, nucleic acid content, host range, mode of replication, and ability to cause neoplasia in their natural host (Green, 1970). They include viruses which cause neoplasia in the host in which they replicate (herpesviruses) and viruses that induce tumors in the experimental animals in which they undergo abortive infection (papovaviruses, adenoviruses). Great variations exist within each group of DNA tumor viruses: some members of the papovavirus group induce tumors in their natural host (papilloma viruses) and others induce tumors in a heterologous host only (SV40, human papovaviruses).
Chapter 5 Taxonomy of animal viruses

Publisher Summary The present universal system for virus taxonomy is set arbitrarily at the hierarchical levels of family, genus, and species. The most important criteria for classification of viruses are morphology and physical and chemical nature of viral components. Virus families are designated by terms ending in - viridae . Families represent clusters of genera of viruses with apparently common evolutionary origin; for example, it seems unlikely that the very many similar structural and replicative characteristics of all the many diverse poxviruses could stem from more than one common ancestor. Virus genera are designated by terms ending in - virus . The criteria used to designate genera differ between families, and as more viruses are discovered there will be continuing pressures to use more specific physicochemical or serological differences to create new genera in many families. Virus species have not yet been designated formally. This level in the hierarchy of taxa will come to be regarded as equivalent to the present vernacular usage of the term virus.