cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Iron bound to low MW ligands: interactions with mitochondria and cytosolic proteins.

: The iron in the low MW pool of the cell is the precursor of iron in haem and is bound primarily to ATP. This precursor-product relationship suggested that reticulocytes might accumulate ATP-iron if their haem synthesis were blocked. However reticulocytes, treated with succinyl-acetone or rotenone and taking up iron from transferrin, accumulated iron in nonhaem cytosolic proteins and in mitochondria and not in the low MW pool. This was demonstrated by NMR and also by disrupting the cell with shear stress, separating the cytosol and pellet and fractionating the cytosol with ammonium sulfate. This constancy of the low MW iron pool in the face of blocked haem synthesis could not be explained by saturation of cytosolic ATP or by sluggish exchange of the low MW pool with other compartments. Rather, nonhaem cytosolic proteins and mitochondria appeared to have a higher affinity for iron and to exchange it rapidly with that in the low MW pool.
The response of erythrocyte organic phosphate levels of active and hibernating ground squirrels (Spermophilus mexicanus) to isobaric hyperoxia

Abstract 1. 1. Hibernators had 42·5 per cent less red blood cell 2,3 diphosphoglycerate (RBC 2,3 DPG) and 55 per cent less red blood cell adenosine triphosphate (RBC ATP) than active ground squirrels. 2. 2. Hyperoxia results in a decrease in RBC ATP and 2,3 DPG in both active and hibernating ground squirrels.
Peptidophosphogalactomannans fromPenicillium charlesii: Effects of culture pH and phosphate limitation

Abstract The source of carbon-, nitrogen, phosphorus-, and sulfur-containing nutrients in a culture ofPenicillium charlesii NRRL 1887 was shown to influence primarily the growth characteristics and the pH of the growth medium. These nutrients influenced composition of peptidophosphogalactomannans (pPGM) only indirectly through effects on culture pH. The lower the numerical value of the culture filtrate final pH the greater the total quantity of pPGM released. The percentage of pPGMii, a fraction very rich in phosphorylcholine diester residues, ranged from 79% in rapid growing cultures that quickly acidified the medium to pH 2.1 to 33% in slow growing cultures in which the pH after 144 h was 7.2. In contrast pPGMiv, a species with negligible phosphorylcholine diester residues, increased from 5 to 38% of the total pPGMs in the cultures with final pH of 2.1 and 7.2, respectively. Extracellular pPGM production was enhanced four- to eightfold in nutritional media initially containing 2 mM NaH2PO4 compared with 20 mM in standard growth medium. The carbohydrate composition of pPGM released byP. charlesii grown under these conditions was similar to that from organisms growth on sufficient phosphate. However, the phosphate content was reduced from 4 to 0.4%; phosphorylcholine content was reduced more than the other phosphodiester residues. These cultures contained increased quantities of an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis ofp-nitrophenylphosphorylcholine. The crude enzyme preparation also catalyzed the removal of the phosphorylcholine diester residue from pPGM as observed by a preferential decrease in magnitude of its resonance signal at 0.22 ppm in the NMR spectrometer. This signal is at the chemical shift previously assigned to phosphorylcholine diesters attached to C(6) of mannopyranosyl in pPGM.
Do Charitable Solicitations Matter? A Comparative Analysis of Fundraising Methods*

The existing literature either treats fundraising as an aggregate variable by ignoring the existence of several different fundraising methods through which charitable contributions are generated or focuses on the effectiveness of a particular fundraising method without making any comparison with alternative methods. Using biennial household surveys of charitable giving in the United States conducted from 1988 to 1999, which contain detailed questions on several fundraising methods, I first document that people are more responsive to certain fundraising methods. Next, I investigate the factors associated with donors' responsiveness to alternative fundraising techniques. The results show that several observable characteristics of charitable donors are associated with some people being more responsive to particular fundraising techniques than others are.
The correlated actions of vitamins C, K, and Q

Abstract Three vitamins (C, K, and Q), two of which are unequivocally established and the existence of the third supported by both experimental and clinical evidence, are needed to prevent hemorrhagic states and therefore can be designated the hemostatic vitamins. The coordinated actions of these vitamins can be epitomized by a diagram. Vitamin K is responsible for the synthesis of four basic clotting factors that function in two distinct pathways for the activation of prothrombin to thrombin. Vitamin Q also functions in these pathways. In the intrinsic, it supplies by means of platelets the Q factor that with factors VIII and IX generates intrinsic (plasma) thromboplastin. In the extrinsic pathway, it is related to tissue thromboplastin which has the Q factor as a part of its structure. It appears to be a phospholipid obtained from exogenous sources. Both vitamins C and K have a potential redox mechanism in their structure which can be hypothecated to function in the synthesis and maintenance of mesenchymal tissue.
Synergistic effect of glucocorticoids and androgens on the hormonal induction of tissue plasminogen activator activity and messenger ribonucleic acid levels in granulosa cells

Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) is secreted by rat granulosa cells in response to treatment with activators of protein kinase A (follitropin, FSH), protein kinase C (gonadotropin-releasing hormone, GnRH) and tyrosine kinase (epidermal growth factor, EGF). Because steroid hormones have been shown to enhance the gonadotropin stimulation of ovarian differentiation, we investigated the effects of steroid hormones, alone or together with various kinase activators, on tPA activities and mRNA levels in cultured rat granulosa cells. Treatment of cells with dexamethasone (DEX; a glucocorticoid agonist) or R1881 (an androgen agonist) caused an increase in tPA secretion and mRNA levels. In addition, the stimulation of tPA activity and mRNA levels by FSH (50 ng/ml) was synergistically enhanced by cotreatment with DEX or R1881 in a time-dependent manner with 2.8- and 1.6-fold increase at 9 h after incubation as compared to cells treated with FSH alone. In contrast, treatment with diethylstilbestrol had no effect on tPA levels. Furthermore, tPA activity and mRNA levels induced by GnRH and EGF were also increased by cotreatment with DEX or R1881 as compared with cells treated with GnRH or EGF alone. Likewise, the stimulation of tPA mRNA levels by dibutyryl cAMP, a protein kinase A activator, and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), a protein kinase C activator, was enhanced by cotreatment with DEX or R1881. These results demonstrate that glucocorticoid and androgen enhance tPA secretion and mRNA levels stimulated by FSH, GnRH and EGF in granulosa cells. The rat granulosa cells provide a useful model for studying the mechanism of regulation of tPA gene expression by steroid hormones.
Organic coatings and ontogenetic particle selection in Streblospio benedicti Webster (Spionidae: Polychaeta)

Abstract Surface deposit feeders select food particles based upon characteristics including size, texture, specific gravity, and organic coatings. Spionid polychaetes feed at the sediment–water interface using a pair of ciliated palps and switch between surface deposit feeding and suspension feeding primarily as a function of water flow. Juveniles and adults of some spionid species have different stable isotopic carbon signals, indicating the ingestion of different food sources and potentially the ability to differentiate organic cues ontogenetically. In the present study, the feeding responses of juvenile and adult Streblospio benedicti Webster to seven organic coatings bound to glass microbeads were tested using five amino acids and two carbohydrates. Coated versus uncoated particles were presented in equal proportions based upon surface area. Juveniles and adults were highly selective for all seven types of organically coated beads—87.1% of all beads ingested were organically coated beads. For two of the organic coatings, there were ontogenetic differences; juveniles were more selective of threonine and adults were more selective of proline. These differences may result in ontogenetic diet shifts that allow maximization of energy and/or essential nutrients during critical early life-history stages. Particle selection in tentaculate surface deposit feeders is generally thought to occur primarily during particle contact and transport to the mouth, and is typically characterized as a passive process. Active particle selection at the site of the everted pharynx was observed and quantified for S. benedicti. Organically coated particles represented 50% of the ambient experimental treatment, 64.4% of the particles transported along the palp after contact, and 81.8% of the particles ingested after pharyngeal rejection behavior. Of the beads reaching the pharynx, 26.9% were rejected by ciliary sorting on the pharynx before ingestion, and 81.8% of the rejected beads at the site of the pharynx were uncoated. Our study demonstrates that microphagous feeders that generally handle food particles in bulk are capable of significant levels of active selection for organically coated particles.
A Gold Nanoparticle Based Approach for Screening Triplex DNA Binders

Nanoparticle assemblies interconnected with DNA triple helixes can be used to colorimetrically screen for triplex DNA binding molecules and simultaneously determine their relative binding affinities based on melting temperatures. Nanoparticles assemble only when DNA triple helixes form between DNA from two different particles and a third strand of free DNA. In addition, the triple helix structure is unstable at room temperature and only forms in the presence of triplex DNA binding molecules which stabilize the triple helix. The resulting melting transition of the nanoparticle assembly is much sharper and at a significantly higher Tm than the analogous triplex structure without nanoparticles. Upon nanoparticle assembly, a concomitant red-to-blue color change occurs. The assembly process and color change do not occur in the presence of duplex DNA binders and therefore provide a significantly better screening process for triplex DNA binding molecules compared to standard methods.
Atypical posterior leaflet motion in echocardiogram in mitral stenosis

The echocardiographic diagnosis of mitral stenosis is based on the finding of a decreased early diastolic slope of the anterior mitral leaflet. This finding is also seen in other conditions in which the rate of left ventricular filling is reduced by decreased compliance of the ventricular myocardium rather than by mitral valve obstruction. Patients with "true" mitral stenosis have been differentiated from those with decreased ventricular compliance resulting in "false" mitral stenosis by the direction of movement of the posterior mitral valve leaflet. This report describes a patient with mitral stenosis proved at cardiac catheterization whose echocardiogram showed posterior motion of thickened posterior mitral leaflet during diastole, a finding previously considered to exclude organic mitral stenosis. This false negative echocardiographic finding in proved mitral stenosis has not previously been reported.
Riemann problems requiring a viscous profile entropy condition

The Riemann problem is solved for 2 x 2 systems of non-strictly hyperbolic conservation laws abstracted from a three-phase Buckley-Leverett model for oil reservoir flow. The example presented here completes a program for the solution of Riemann problems with quadratic flux functions by allowing the region of parameters most relevant for oil reservoirs. In this example there are shocks which have viscous profiles but do not satisfy the Lax conditions and shocks which satisfy the Lax entropy conditions but fail to have viscous profiles. Therefore these two fundamental notions of entropy are properly distinct. Combining results from numerical and theoretical examinations, we show that the Lax entropy condition is incomplete in this example. The Riemann problem in general fails to have a solution in the class of Lax shocks; the solution of the Riemann problem, however, exists and is in the class of shocks with viscous profiles. Global analysis of dynamical systems defined by traveling wave solutions to the associated viscosity equation is an essential tool for our study. The shapes of the Hugoniot loci were obtained numerically. Numerical methods were also used to distinguish between and show the actual occurrence of all distinct phase configurations which the mathematical theory allowed.
Integration of Yttrium Iron Garnet Films via Reactive RF Sputtering Bethanie

This work aims to equip integrated optical circuits with important magneto-optical devices, such as isolators, that are currently available only as discrete components. Reactive rf sputtering was used to grow cerium-doped yttrium iron garnet films onto a variety of substrates, including SiO 2 -buffered Si, fused Si0 2 and MgO. MgO was used because it has proven to be a good buffer material for semiconducting substrates. Ce-doping was not effective via reactive sputtering due to a scale which formed on the Ce metal that prevented sufficient contact with the rf target. The films were amorphous as deposited. Stoichiometric Y 3 Fe 5 O 12 films yielded smooth, polycrystalline garnet films upon annealing. A study of the effect of fluctuations in the Y:Fe ratio revealed that oxygen content is important for the prevention of secondary phases. Therefore, a high oxygen content should be used in the sputtering gas and subsequent annealing should be performed in oxygen.
Electron impact and chemical ionization mass spectra of 2,2-diphenyl-3-arylcyclobutanone oximes. Formation of ion m/z 167

The electron impact (EI) and chemical ionization (CI) spectra of 2,2-diphenyl-3-aryl cyclobutanone oximes (1–5) are reported. Formation of diphenylmethyl cation at m/z 167 is a major fragmentation process in both EI and CI spectra. Labelling studies established that the hydrogen involved in this rearrangement transfers from the NOH group and not from cyclobutane ring positions. The [M + 3]+ ions are formed under CI conditions as a result of CN double bond reduction. An interesting secondary kinetic isotope effect is observed in the formation of ion e at m/z 183 in both EI and CI spectra. Other characteristic fragmentation pathways occurring in the EI and CI spectra of these compounds are outlined.
Rationing problems and the aims of ethical theory.

reasoned assessment of the fairness of a process for rationing healthcare that does not incorporate a substantive preference about the scope of healthcare? Is that any more likely than a reasoned assessment of the fairness of a process for determining how to count votes that does not incorporate a substantive preference about which votes get counted? If Daniels believes it is, he must make that case. To raise this concern is not to refute Daniels’s advocacy of procedural fairness as the best available approach. It does, however, call on him to revisit the potential interaction between his initial construal of what healthcare is and his later call for procedural remedies and to consider more skeptically the prospects for characterizing procedural fairness in a substantively neutral way. One anal point: Daniels, surprisingly, writes of a “surprising convergence between what is needed for our social and political well-being and for our mental and physical health.” He does not say to whom that convergence is surprising. Given that emotional distress is now generally understood to have consequences for health, it should be no surprise to anyone that injustice is unhealthy, and that such a convergence is precisely what one would expect. Reoect on the reaction of young children, even as young as three or four, to physical injury and to perceived injustice. The wailing prompted by the latter abates when the pain subsides; the wailing prompted by the former abates only when the injustice is addressed. (The empirical foundation of this insight was reafarmed here last week with the vigorous assistance of three young grandchildren.)
Probabilistic Knowledge Spaces: A Review

This paper outlines the essential ideas of a theory for the efficient assessment of knowledge. The key concept is that of a knowledge space, that is, a basic set Q of questions or problems in a given domain of information, equipped with a distinguished family K of subsets. The family K is assumed to be closed under union, and its elements are knowledge states. The equivalence between this concept and other useful ones is spelled out. A practical implementation of computerized, robust knowledge assessment devices requires a probabilistic framework. These developments are also briefly summarized. All the results have been presented at length elsewhere, and are either in press or published.
Illness and otological changes during upper respiratory virus infection.

Objectives: Upper respiratory virus infection is associated with the expression of symptoms and signs of illness, and with the development of complications in anatomically contiguous structures. In most epidemiological studies, the frequency of the various complications is expressed as a fraction of the total population judged to be ill by report, signs, or symptoms. Because not all infected subjects become ill and because infected non-ill subjects may develop complications, such risk estimates could be inaccurate. The objective of this study was to estimate the magnitude of the presentation bias during controlled, experimental infections. Study Design: This was a prospective, experimental study of the relationship between illness and otological complications during experimental upper respiratory virus infection in 316 adult volunteers.
The Relationship of the External Surface Area of Birds to Skin Surface Area and Body Mass

Data from 12 bird species reveal that skin surface area averages 23 % larger than the external surface area of the plumage. Use of skin surface area instead of the area of the external plumage surface may produce large errors in heat-transfer analyses.
Weapon interface simulation

Weapon interface simulation is a viable test approach that increases aircraft and crew war readiness. Guided missile Built-in-Test (BIT) checks use test equipment that performs the same BIT cycle initiated during tactical use by the launch aircraft. Although this is a commonly accepted test approach for monitions within the MIL-STD-1760 family, the various aircraft that support the MIL-STD-1760 interface are not tested in the same manner. Day-to-day verification of the aircraft weapons capability relies on BIT checks of the individual avionics units. These BIT checks verify the overall functionality of each Line Replaceable Unit (LRU) but do not provide an integrated test of specific weapon interface functions. Consequently BIT checks are supplemented with periodic functional testing performed directly at the aircraft to missile interface and consist of static checks of power forms and discrete signals, as well as limited transfers of information over the serial data interface. Aircraft testing in this manner inadequately exercises integrated avionics functions that support missile initialization, target queuing, and missile release. The result is reduced aircraft weapons readiness and reliability. Testing of the aircraft weapon interface by dynamically simulating the missile interface and exercising the aircraft from within tactical modes provides optimal test thoroughness and the best maximum achievable war readiness.
A fixed size storage O(n 3 ) time complexity learning algorithm for fully recurrent continually running networks

The real-time recurrent learning (RTRL) algorithm (Robinson and Fallside 1987; Williams and Zipser 1989) requires O(n4) computations per time step, where n is the number of noninput units. I describe a method suited for on-line learning that computes exactly the same gradient and requires fixed-size storage of the same order but has an average time complexity per time step of O(n3).
Assessment of agoraphobia: triple response measurement.

Abstract Two problems derive from traditional idealizations of multimethod, multimodal assessments. First, treatment researchers typically suppose that its application to agoraphobia, via triple response measurement (TRM), must properly result in convergent measures. Second, the physiological component of TRM is generally neglected because of assumptions that it is redundant and/or cost-ineffective. This paper reviews emerging indications that TRM may be invaluable for identification of treatment-outcome predictors. Directives for enhancing the usefulness of TRM include emphasis on more accurate, standardized assessments of responding and analysis of response patterns in terms of meaningful subgroups of patients.
Use of Ancillary Personnel in Children's Out-Patient Departments

The increasing demand and the increasing ability to pay for medical care in the United States is straining available medical facilities in every field.1, 2 Concomitantly, a medical man power shortage has already developed and is clearly going to become worse—all this at a time when the ideal of promoting good health has expanded to the point where new ways are needed for providing more services to a greater number of children.
On modeling and testing of lithography related open faults in nano-CMOS circuits

Scaling of transistor feature size over time has been facilitated by corresponding improvement in lithography technology. However, in recent times the wavelength of the optical light source used for photolithography has not scaled in the same rate as that of the minimum feature size of the transistor. In fact, starting with 180 nm devices, the wavelength of optical source has remained the same (at 193 nm) due to difficulties in finding a flicker-free, high energy, coherent light source with compatible improvement in lens material for focusing this light. Consequently, upcoming technology nodes (65 nm, 45 nm, 32 nm and 22 nm) will be using a light source with wavelength much greater than the feature size. This creates a peculiar problem where line width on manufactured devices is a function of relative spacing between adjacent lines. Despite numerous restriction on layout rules, interconnects may still suffer from constriction due to this peculiarity also known as forbidden pitch problem. A small manufacturing variation turns the constrictions to open faults. Gate leakage current is a significant concern for present and upcoming technology nodes. Due to gate leakage, an open fault is not truly an open circuit. Our simulation studies show that the leakage current steers the floating input of a gate to certain meta- stable states. This property actually makes it easier to detect open faults either through side channel excitation or by stuck-at tests. The major contributions of this paper are (i) lithographic simulation based identification of potential open fault sites, (ii) identification of meta-stable input states for these open inputs, (iii) length calculation for side channel signals for definitive detection of open faults. Together, they provide a complete CAD framework for testing lithography related open faults.
Phase Coordination between Intracranial Pressure and Electrocardiogram Signals

Methodologies of deriving phase information from pulsatile intracranial pressure (ICP) signal and characterizing its phase coordination with electrocardiogram (ECG) signal were discussed. The application of ICP phase characterization methods to data from several clinical contexts showed that 1) Unstable periods of ICP were associated with a decreased ICP phase coordination with ECG; 2) Surgical treatment of Chiari malformation patients caused an increase of phase coordination; 3) Changes of cerebral vascular tone could also lead to changes of ICP and cerebral blood flow velocity phases relative to arterial blood pressure. The results of our analysis could shed some light on a new tuned-oscillator theory of intracranial pulsatile dynamics as well as support phase characterization of signals as a new way of extracting clinically useful information from ICP and cerebral hemodynamic measurements
Selective extinction among end-Triassic European bivalves

Ongoing controversies surrounding the end-Triassic extinction highlight the need for identifying a causal mechanism leading to extinction. Bivalve data from Lombardia (Italy), Northern Calcareous Alps (Austria and Germany), and northwest Europe (England and Wales) provide the biologic signal of selective extinction to compare two competing extinction hypotheses: (1) sea-level change and associated anoxia and (2) reduced primary productivity. The end-Triassic extinction eliminated 71% of Lombardian species, 85% of northern alpine species, and 90% of northwest European species. The extinction was independent of body size and geographic distribution. With respect to living habits, species from the three regions show a significantly greater proportion of infaunal bivalve extinction. The greater survival of epifaunal bivalves is correlated to their more efficient feeding and suggests that the infaunal bivalves may not have been able to meet their nutritional requirements. This pattern of selective extinction is inconsistent with anoxia and/or sea-level change as a causal factor in which higher survival of infaunal detritus and filter feeders would be predicted. Instead, the pattern is consistent with a reduction of primary productivity. Several regional and global mechanisms, including bolide impact, would have been capable of altering primary productivity levels to affect the food sources for Late Triassic bivalves, thus leading to extinction.
What is the effect of rosiglitazone treatment on insulin secretory function in insulin-resistant individuals? It depends on how you measure it

The goal of this study was to compare methods used to quantify the effect of rosiglitazone (RSG) on insulin secretory function, particularly estimates based on changes in fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentration vs daylong insulin responses to meals. To do this, we compared these measures of insulin secretion before and 3 months after RSG treatment in insulin-resistant individuals, subdivided into nondiabetic subjects (n = 29) and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2DM) (n = 22). Insulin resistance was quantified by determining the steady-state plasma glucose concentration during the insulin suppression test and insulin secretory function by homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β) and the total integrated daylong plasma insulin responses to mixed meals (insulin area under the curve). Baseline fasting and daylong plasma glucose concentrations were higher (P < .001) in patients with 2DM, associated with lower HOMA-β values (P < .001). However, neither fasting nor daylong insulin concentrations after mixed meals differed in the 2 groups. Insulin sensitivity improved (P < .001) after RSG administration, with decreases of 31% ± 23% and 21% ± 14% in steady-state plasma glucose concentration in nondiabetic and diabetic subjects, respectively. Although fasting and daylong plasma glucose and insulin concentrations fell (P < .001) in both groups of RSG-treated individuals, HOMA-β decreased in nondiabetic subjects and did not change in those with 2DM. In conclusion, RSG administration improved insulin sensitivity in both groups, associated with lower fasting and daylong glucose concentrations. Fasting and daylong insulin concentrations were also lower in both groups of RSG-treated subjects, but the values of HOMA-β indicated either a decrease (nondiabetics) or no change (diabetics) in insulin secretory function. These results suggest that measurements of HOMA-β may not provide a complete view of insulin secretory function, either when comparing diabetic with nondiabetic individuals or when assessing the response to RSG treatment in insulin-resistant individuals.
Prototype microwave acoustic fluid sensors

The properties of the acoustic wave in a fluid overlay on a piezoelectric substrate are investigated for two different geometries: bounce mode and waveguide mode. Acoustic wave properties such as velocity and attenuation are obtained as a function of the fluid layer thickness and the physical properties of the fluid layer. It is shown that subtle changes in fluid properties will modify the acoustic waves. One or more of these acoustic wave properties can then be used as the sensing element in a fluid microsensor. Very promising results were obtained in the case of the bounce-mode geometry. Both the velocity and the attenuation of the acoustic mode varied in a predictable fashion as the fluid properties changed. In the case of the waveguide geometry the experimental and theoretical values of the velocity agreed quite well. However, the acoustic wave properties were found to be extremely sensitive to geometric factors such as the parallelism of the two solids. >
A graph based construction of high-rate soft decodable codes for partial response channels

In partial response systems with maximum likelihood sequence estimation a short list of error events dominate. In this paper we introduce a graph-based construction of high rate codes capable of correcting errors from a given list. We define a directed graph describing a universe of error-event-detecting codes, and construct a code by tracing a path through the graph that gives the best probability of error. We demonstrate a substantial SNR gain when these codes are used in a scheme which combines the error event detection and the list soft decoding.
Dimensions of Personality and Neuropsychological Function in Eating Disorders, Substance Use Disorders, and Addictions

Substance abuse, eating disorders, and other addictive behavior problems tend to be comorbid with personality disorders and with dimensions of personality pathology. Substance abuse and pathological gambling tend to be highly comorbid with antisocial personality disorder, whereas eating disorders are often comorbid with both Cluster B and Cluster C personality disorders. These comorbidities can increase symptom severity and compromise treatment. Negative emotionality, negative urgency, and sensation seeking correlate with most forms of addictive behavior, although anorexia nervosa appears quite different and is associated with lower levels of novelty seeking and high levels of self-directedness and perfectionism. Well-developed neurobiological models of brain system functioning and neurotransmitter plasticity paint a picture of how the initially impulsive engagement in addictive behaviors can become compulsive over time. Behavioral and pharmacological treatment strategies emphasize renewed engagement in nondrug pleasurable activities, and new treatments are being developed that target the specific personality pathology of the patient.
A Normal Mammogram Classifier using Binary Decision Trees with Multiresolution Features

The majority of screening mammograms are normal, and it may be beneficial if a normal mammogram detection system were designed to help radiologists identify normal regions, allowing them to focus on suspicious areas. In this paper, we present a binary decision classifier based on global features extracted from different levels of 2-D Quincunx Wavelet Decomposition of pre-processed regional mammograms. This is fundamentally different than other approaches, which identify normal mammograms by detecting the type of lesion. Our approach presented here is independent of the types of abnormalities present. The experiment clearly shows that one can classify most normal mammogram regions, keeping the clinically critical Declassification rate of abnormal regions small.
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing in adults with congenital heart disease

Abstract Cardiopulmonary exercise testing is a valuable but underutilized tool in congenital cardiology. This diagnostic test allows for objective quantification of exercise limitation and enables the clinician to determine the source of the patient's exercise impairment. This article will discuss the abundance of information which can be garnished from the cardiopulmonary exercise stress test.
The role of cerebral hyperperfusion in postoperative neurologic dysfunction after left ventricular assist device implantation for end-stage heart failure

Objective Cerebral hyperperfusion is a life-threatening syndrome that can occur in patients with chronically hypoperfused cerebral vasculature whose normal cerebral circulation was re-established after carotid endarterectomy or angioplasty. We sought to determine whether the abrupt restoration of perfusion to the brain after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation produced similar syndromes. Methods We studied the role of increased systemic flow after LVAD implantation on neurologic dysfunction in 69 consecutive HeartMate XVE LVAD (Thoratec, Pleasanton, Calif) recipients from October 2001 through June 2006. Neurologic dysfunction was defined as postoperative permanent or transient central change in neurologic status, including confusion, focal neurologic deficits, visual changes, seizures, or coma for more than 24 hours within 30 days after LVAD implantation. Results We found that 19 (27.5%) patients had neurologic dysfunction, including encephalopathy (n = 11), coma (n = 3), and other complications (n = 5). The multivariate analysis showed that an increase in cardiac index from the preoperative baseline value (relative risk, 1.33 per 25% cardiac index increase; P = .01) and a previous coronary bypass operation (relative risk, 4.53; P = .02) were the only independent predictors of neurologic dysfunction. Reduction of left ventricular assist device flow in 16 of the 19 symptomatic patients led to improvement of symptoms in 14 (87%) patients. Conclusions Our findings showed that normal flow might overwhelm cerebral autoregulation in patients with severe heart failure, suggesting that cerebral hyperperfusion is possible in recipients of mechanical circulatory support with neurologic dysfunction.
Predictors of tourists’ shopping behaviour: Examination of socio-demographic characteristics and trip typologies

While the importance of tourism shopping is widely recognised and tourism destinations are aware of the contributions of shopping, there is still little known about the actual behaviour and expectations of tourists, and what influences their preferences and behaviours. Previous research findings consistently indicate that certain associations exist among age, gender and trip typology or trip activity profiles with tourists’ shopping behaviours and preferences. Therefore, the current study examines the effectiveness of age, gender and trip typology as predictor variables for tourists’ shopping behaviours. Shopping behaviours are examined by tourists’ actual involvement in five different categories of ‘shop or browse’ activities. The results indicate that there are distinct groups prevalent in certain categories of shopping activity participation and age, gender and trip typology are significant factors influencing the preference patterns in certain categories of shop or browse activities. Therefore, trip t...
Number of prenatal visits and pregnancy outcomes in low-risk women

Objective We investigated the association between number of prenatal visits (PNV) and pregnancy outcomes. Study design A retrospective cohort of 12 092 consecutive, uncomplicated term births was included. Exclusion criteria included unknown or third trimester pregnancy dating, pre-existing medical conditions and common pregnancy complications. Patients with ⩽10 PNV were compared with those with >10. The primary outcome was a neonatal composite including neonatal intensive-care unit admission, low APGAR score ( Result Of 7256 patients in the cohort meeting inclusion criteria, 30% (N=2163) had >10 PNV and the remaining 70% (N=5093) had ⩽10, respectively. There was no difference in the neonatal composite between the two groups. However, women with>10 PNV were more likely to undergo induction of labor and cesarean delivery. Conclusion Low-risk women with ⩾10 PNV had higher rates of pregnancy interventions without improvement in neonatal outcomes.
Phodopus sungorus (Djungarian hamster)

Three distinct size groups can be classified among the metacentric and submetacentric autosomes. The subtelocentric pair is unique. The four acrocentrics are small and cannot be separated in individual pairs.
ME-08NEURONS PROMOTE GLIOMA GROWTH IN AN ACTIVITY-DEPENDENT MANNER

Pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGG) are the leading cause of brain tumor death in children. Mounting evidence indicates that oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) represent the pHGG cell of origin. We recently demonstrated that active neurons exert a robust mitogenic effect on normal OPCs. To test the hypothesis that active neurons similarly promote pHGG proliferation, we employed in vivo optogenetic techniques in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft mouse model of pHGG. pHGG cells were xenografted in the premotor cortex of juvenile immunodeficient (NOD-SCID-IL2 chain-deficient, NSG) mice expressing the excitatory opsin channelrhodopsin in cortical projection neurons (NSG;Thy1::ChR2 mice). Wild type NSG littermates (no opsin present) were identically manipulated. After an 11-week engraftment period, the unilateral premotor cortex was optogenetically stimulated (470nm light at 20Hz intermittently over 30 minutes) in awake mice, resulting in complex motor behavior (unidirectional ambulation). Mice were histologically evaluated 24 hours later. Neuronal activity promoted pHGG proliferation in vivo, increasing the mitotic index compared with xenografts in WT mice (10.53% +/- 0.01 vs. 7.48% +/- 0.008, P 10 kDa) from small molecules (<10 kDa), we found that the neuronal activity-regulated mitogen is present in the macromolecular fraction. Taken together, these data indicate that active neurons promote the growth of pHGG via secreted macromolecular factor(s) and identify neurons as an important component of the pHGG microenvironment.
Spell of the Urubamba: Anthropogeographical Essays on an Andean Valley in Space and Time

Daniel W. Gade. New York, NY: Springer, 2016. ix and 354 pp., maps, illustrations, notes, bibliography, index. $229.00 cloth (ISBN 978-3-319-20848-0).This new book researched and written by the not...
Management of unilateral hearing loss

Abstract Objective A representative sample of literature regarding unilateral hearing loss (UHL) was reviewed to provide evidence of the effects of UHL and the intervention options available for children with UHL. Considerations during the assessment and management of children with UHL are illustrated using case illustrations. Method Research articles published from 2013 to 2015 were searched in the PubMed database using the keywords “unilateral hearing loss”. Articles from 1950 to 2013 were included from a previous literature review on minimal hearing loss [1]. A retrospective review of charts of 14 children with UHL was also conducted. Results The evidence indicates that children with UHL are more likely to have structural anomalies of the inner ear; may face challenges in six different domains, and have six intervention options available. Evidence also indicates that although some children appear to exhibit no delays or difficulties, others have significant challenges, some of which continue into adulthood. Conclusions Children with UHL have to be treated on a case-by-case basis. Parent education regarding UHL, its effects, and all available management options is critical so they can make informed decisions. Close monitoring and good communication between professionals in different domains is crucial in order to minimize the potential negative effects of UHL.
Drivers, developments and options under consideration for a Mars ascent vehicle

The NASA Mars Exploration Program has invested technology funds over the last couple of years to advance design concepts for a Mars Ascent Vehicle (MAV) and technologies that may be enhancing or enabling for various architectures to be pursued. A Mars Ascent Vehicle would fly on a potential future Mars Lander mission to recover and return the samples to be acquired by the Mars 2020 rover, or another future mission, to a retrievable orbit. Resembling a terrestrial Surface to Air Missile (SAM), the propulsion options considered for the MAV concept span the range from two stage solid rocket motors to monoprops, biprops and hybrids. This paper will highlight the driving constraints and performance requirements and the subsequent trades that would ultimately drive the selection of a chosen approach.
Kernel Analog Forecasting of Tropical Intraseasonal Oscillations

AbstractThis paper presents the results of forecasting the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) and boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) through the use of satellite-obtained global brightness temperature data with a recently developed nonparametric empirical method. This new method, referred to as kernel analog forecasting, adopts specific indices extracted using the technique of nonlinear Laplacian spectral analysis as baseline definitions of the intraseasonal oscillations of interest, which are then extended into forecasts through an iterated weighted averaging scheme that exploits the predictability inherent to those indices. The pattern correlation of the forecasts produced in this manner remains above 0.6 for 50 days for both the MJO and BSISO when 23 yr of training data are used and 37 days for the MJO when 9 yr of data are used.
Synchronous Gastrointestinal Carcinoid Tumor and Colon Adenocarcinoma: Case Reports and Literature Review

BACKGROUND Coexistence of carcinoid tumor and colorectal adenocarcinoma is rare. In this report, we present two cases and review the current literature for synchronous carcinoid tumor and colorectal carcinoma occurrence. CASE REPORT In both cases, the rectal carcinoid tumors and sigmoid colon adenocarcinomas were detected by colonoscopy. The colon adenocarcinomas were effectively treated with a laparoscopic sigmoidectomy and the carcinoids were successfully removed endoscopically. Our 40-year-old patient was the youngest among 17 reported patient cases. CONCLUSIONS These two cases demonstrate that the diagnosis of gastrointestinal carcinoid requires a complete assessment of the remainder of the colon for another primary cancer to achieve a timely treatment management strategy.
Developing and validating the elementary literacy coach self-efficacy survey

AbstractThis article describes the development and initial testing of the Elementary Literacy Coach Self-Efficacy Survey, a new instrument designed and created to assess literacy coaches’ efficacy ...
An efficient analisis approach for microwave and millimeter-wave MESFET mixers

A new and efficient analysis approach for the microwave and millimeter-wave MESFET mixers is developed. The approach incorporates the harmonic balance large signal analysis, implemented using novel, robust and fast numerical algorithms, into an extended small signal analysis originally developed for diode mixers. Simulated performances of a GaAs MESFET mixer circuit using the developed analysis and the commerically available software LIBRA agree very well.
A Generalized Logistic Software Reliability Growth Model

This paper presents a generalized logistic software reliability growth model that integrates time-dependent fault detection rate and imperfect removing rate per fault. We also derive a time-dependent logistic growth model and compare descriptive and predictive ability of a set of “classical” NHPP reliability models with the one we developed based on a software failure data set. The results show that inclusion of both time-dependent imperfect removing and fault-detection rates into a logistic growth function may be worth the extra model complexity and the increased number of parameters required for a better relative fit based on several selection criteria.
Obesity, Overweightness, and Depressive Symptomology Among American Indian Youth.

Despite evidence that American Indian adolescents are at a heightened risk of obesity/overweightness and experiencing depression, relative to other groups, there exists a dearth of studies that have examined the association between objective and perceptual measures of obesity and overweightness and depression with this understudied group. Our study represents one of the first studies to examine this association among American Indian youth. Using a subsample of American Indian youth from waves I and II of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (a survey of schools and students in the USA, with wave I collected in 1994 and wave II collected in 1995), we explore this association. We examine three measures of weight: obesity, body mass index, and weight perception. We also consider gender-specific models and a subsample of non-Hispanic whites, in order to assess race differences in the obesity and overweightness-depression relationship. Our findings reveal that neither of our objective measures of weight, obesity, nor body mass index are significant predictors of depressive symptoms for either American Indian or white youth. However, we find evidence that the subjective measure of weight perception is a significant predictor of depressive symptoms for white females, but not for American Indian females. Our results contribute to past findings that measures of obesity/overweightness weight may be more important to white female’s mental health than females from other racial groups, although additional research is warranted.
Topological Sort and MST

A recurring theme in asymptotic analysis is that it is often possible to get better asymptotic performance by maintaining extra information about the structure. Updating this extra information may slow down each individual step; this additional cost is sometimes called overhead. However, it is often the case that a small amount of overhead yields dramatic improvements in the asymptotic complexity of the algorithm.
Classical strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma. IV. Thermodynamics

We construct an equation of state of the classical quark-gluon plasma (cQGP) valid for all values of $\ensuremath{\Gamma}=V/K$, the ratio of the mean Coulomb to kinetic energy. By enforcing the Gibbs relations, we derive the pertinent pressure and entropy densities for all $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$. For the case of an SU(2) classical gluonic plasma our results compare well with lattice simulations. We show that the strongly coupled component of the cQGP contributes significantly to the bulk thermodynamics across ${T}_{c}$. Alternatively, a direct fit of $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$ using a lattice extracted running coupling constant implies a sharp drop in $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$ and a rapid rise in the bulk thermodynamics across ${T}_{c}$ in the cQGP, a behavior usually identified with a phase change.
Autophagy in Fungi and Mammals

Micro- and macroautophagy refer to the processes by which portions of the cytoplasm are sequestered by membranes and transported into hydrolytic compartments to be degraded. This process occurs by two modes. During macroautophagy, double- or multiple-membrane vesicles, called ‘autophagosomes’, form in the cytoplasm. Upon completion, the autophagosome's outer membrane fuses with the lysosome/vacuole or endosome. Subsequently, the inner membrane and the enclosed cytoplasmic materials are degraded by hydrolases. Microautophagy entails direct uptake of the cytoplasm by invaginations or arm-like extensions of the lysosomal/vacuolar membrane. Autophagy is one of the major mechanisms for degradation and recycling of macromolecules, and it is highly regulated by both physiological and environmental cues.