cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Row Pattern and Seeding Rate Effects on Agronomic, Disease, and Economic Factors in Large-Seeded Runner Peanut

Recent peanut cultivar releases are trending to a larger seed size, but have great resistance to tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). Larger-seeded cultivars cost more to plant than smaller at an equivalent population. Reduced seeding rates could save growers on seed costs and impede the spread of southern stem rot, but can reduce plant stands which can lower yields and increase TSWV incidence. Therefore, the objectives of this experiment were to compare seven peanut cultivars (Georgia Green, Georgia-06G, AT 3085RO, Florida-07, Tifguard, AP-3, and Georgia-03L) in single and twin row patterns at three seeding rates (17, 20, and 23 seed/m) on a sandy loam soil at Plains, GA for disease incidence, agronomic, and economic performance. Measured variables included yield and grade, plant height and stand, TSWV and southern stem rot incidence, and adjusted net revenue in 2008 and 2009. Twin rows outperformed single rows whenever differences occurred. The only factors consistently affected by reducing seeding rate were plant height and stand, both decreased at the lowest seeding rate. There was a trend toward lower yields (approximately 6% reduction) at the 17 seed/m rate in twin row pattern, although net returns were not diminished compared to the higher seeding rates since lower seed costs offset yield reductions. The cultivars Georgia-06G and Florida-07 had the highest yield and adjusted net revenue among the seven cultivars in both years. Tifguard and Georgia Green had lowest overall yields and would not be preferred cultivars in sandy loam soils. This study demonstrates that twin rows have higher yield, plant stands, and net revenue, plus reduced TSWV incidence than single row pattern, and a reduction in seeding rate to 17 seed/m can be made without serious risk of lost revenue. However, benefits of reducing seeding rate in twin rows were not as pronounced as they were for single rows, and exhibited a greater potential for lower yield. A grower planting in single rows would likely have the most to gain from planting fewer seed, especially under heavy southern stem rot pressure, but planting in twin rows would still be a preferred option over single rows.
Xanthomatous ureteral polyp.

Abstract A benign ureteral polyp with unique morphologic and histologic aspects is reported. This tumor was composed of multiple hydra-like fingers, surmounted at the tips by punctate xanthomas. The classification and incidence of benign ureteral tumors are reviewed, and current concepts of treatment are discussed.
Diagnostic Considerations for Evaluating Nutritional Problems in Cattle

The advances in testing methodology and in our understanding of the normal nutritional physiology of cattle have given veterinarians valuable tools to assess the nutritional status of cattle. By taking a representative number of appropriate samples, it is now relatively easy and inexpensive to determine the nutritional status of an individual or a group of animals. Also, the effectiveness of supplementation programs can be measured over time as part of an overall preventive medicine program.
Venular endothelium in vitro: isolation and characterization.

The structural and functional properties of the endothelium vary in relation to anatomic site and position along the vascular tree. Cultures of endothelial cells have been obtained so far from large arteries, large veins and capillaries, but not from venules. We now report techniques for culturing not only rat arterial and venous endothelium, but also a special method for obtaining and culturing venular endothelium. The technique is based on the principle of "vascular labeling," whereby an insoluble pigment can be permanently deposited in the wall of the venules, making them easily visible by light microscopy. The venules of a rat cremaster muscle are labeled with a local injection of histamine followed by Monastral blue B intravenously (i.v.); 24 hours later selected venules are isolated by microdissection and either enzymatically dispersed or placed directly into tissue culture wells. The wells are coated with fibronectin and laminin and supplemented with DMEM, 20% fetal calf serum, and endothelial cell growth factor. Polygonal and spindly endothelial cells begin as clusters, grow in sheets, and sometimes form tubes. The cells stain variably for Factor VIII-related antigen, Ulex Europeus I lectin, and non-muscle specific actin. They synthesize angiotensin-converting enzyme, but do not metabolize acetylated LDL. Ultrastructurally, they display pinocytic vesicles, microtendons, and tight junctions, but not Weibel-Palade bodies. We believe that this method will be important for studying the pathophysiology of venules, which are the preferential target of inflammatory mediators and the typical site of inflammatory cell diapedesis.
Grammatical class and imageability in aphasic word production: their effects are independent

Abstract This paper addresses the recent claim that grammatical class differences found among aphasic patients may reflect semantic factors such as ease of imageability rather than lexical/syntactic class. Nouns and verbs equated for rated imageability, frequency and length were elicited as completions for spoken sentences. Five aphasic patients with significantly better production of nouns than verbs in picture naming continued to show a significant grammatical class effect in the completion task. Two patients with significant imageability effects in oral reading continued to show imageability effects in sentence completion, but only one of these patients showed any difficulty producing verbs. Inspection of the individual patient data indicated that either grammatical class, or imageability, or both variables may affect patient performance, but that their effects are independent of one another.
On the Height of Multidimensional Height-Balanced Trees

It is shown that the worst case height of a k- dimensional height-balanced tree, k ≥ 2, is the same as that of an AVL-tree, to within an additive factor of 2k − 2.
Assessment of the teratogenic potential of trimethadione in the CD-1 mouse

Abstract The oxazolidine-2,4-dione anticonvulsant trimethadione was shown to be highly embryotoxic and teratogenic in the CD-1 mouse, at doses well below those which caused overt maternal toxicity. Administration of the drug over the phase of early embryonic organogenesis (pregnancy Days 8–10) caused 80% embryomortality, with 100% malformations in live fetuses, at the highest dose tested (7.3 mmol/kg [1045 mg/kg], daily). The teratogenicity ED50 (tD50) over this period was computed to be 3.76 mmol/kg compared to the adult LD1 of 7.52 mmol/kg and LD50 of 8.91 mmol/kg. Fetal birth weight was reduced by daily doses of trimethadione as low as 0.24 mmol/kg (35 mg/kg). There were few differences between the effects of intraperitoneal and oral administrations. Malformations were induced in a wide range of visceral organs and in the skeletal system, the most common defects being of the vertebral column and the aortic arch. Embryos in the late phase of organogenesis (Days 11–13) were less sensitive to maternal trimethadione treatment. The tD50 was 5.97 mmol/kg and the maximum levels of embryomortality and congenital malformations were 21 and 74%, respectively, following daily doses of 7.3 mmol/kg. Cleft palate and defects in the great vessels of the heart were the most common abnormalities induced during this treatment period. Several of the types of malformations reported in this study, particularly the cardiovascular anomalies, have also been observed in the children of mothers receiving trimethadione therapy.
Debates: The Aggressive Spillover Hypothesis: Existing Ailments and Putative Remedies

The aggressive spillover hypothesis posits that precopulatory sexual cannibalism could evolve as a byproduct of directional selection on aggressiveness in a foraging context. In this debates piece we consider the critique of Kralj-Fiser and collaborators on the existing evidence in favor of the aggressive spillover hypothesis. Like Kralj-Fiser et al., we are of the opinion that the evidence in favor of the aggressive spillover hypothesis is still fairly weak. Despite this fact, the hypothesis remains one of the most widely celebrated examples of how behavioral syndromes can generate adaptive trade-offs. We describe herein several opportunities to build upon the existing data in favor of the aggressive spillover hypothesis and more critically evaluate its assumptions and predictions.
Cellular Senescence, Radiation Damage to Mitochondria, and the Compensatory Response in Ripening Pear Fruits

A compensatory response, viz. in vivo recovery from radiation damage to mitochondria, occurs in preclimacteric pear fruits (Pyrus communis L.) treated with ionizing radiation. The compensatory response is absent or markedly impaired in senescent fruits irradiated at or near the climacteric peak. Senescent cells failed to recover from harmful effects of radiation on: 1) mitochondrial yield, 2) in vivo incorporation of amino acids into mitochondrial protein, and 3) mitochondrial respiratory control and ADP/O. A diminished response to "split-dose" irradiation and a delayed rate of recovery confirmed the degeneracy and loss of compensatory power with cell age.A loss of restorative activity, especially in mitochondria that supply the cell with essential energy, may underlie the more obvious signs of cumulative stress that accompany cellular senescence. Use of ionizing radiation as an investigative tool and the molecular implications of radiation damage, recovery, and cellular senescence are discussed.
The impact of extremophiles on structural genomics (and vice versa)

The advent of the complete genome sequences of various organisms in the mid-1990s raised the issue of how one could determine the function of hypothetical proteins. While insight might be obtained from a 3D structure, the chances of being able to predict such a structure is limited for the deduced amino acid sequence of any uncharacterized gene. A template for modeling is required, but there was only a low probability of finding a protein closely-related in sequence with an available structure. Thus, in the late 1990s, an international effort known as structural genomics (SG) was initiated, its primary goal to "fill sequence-structure space" by determining the 3D structures of representatives of all known protein families. This was to be achieved mainly by X-ray crystallography and it was estimated that at least 5,000 new structures would be required. While the proteins (genes) for SG have subsequently been derived from hundreds of different organisms, extremophiles and particularly thermophiles have been specifically targeted due to the increased stability and ease of handling of their proteins, relative to those from mesophiles. This review summarizes the significant impact that extremophiles and proteins derived from them have had on SG projects worldwide. To what extent SG has influenced the field of extremophile research is also discussed.
To eat or not to eat: implications of the attentional myopia model for restrained eaters

The attentional myopia model of behavioral control was tested in a study of food consumption by chronic dieters. According to the model, when individuals' attentional capacity is limited, their behavior will be disproportionately influenced by highly salient internal and external cues to the exclusion of more distal stimuli. In situations that normally feature conflicting behavioral pressures, such a state of narrowed attention is likely to result in abnormally disinhibited behavior when cues promoting action are more salient and to result in abnormally restrained behavior when inhibiting cues are more salient. In addition to supporting the predictions of the model, this study provided the first evidence for enhanced behavioral control under conditions of limited attention. Participants' responses to a thought-reporting measure also provided evidence for the role played by attentional myopia in the control of eating. Implications for a broad array of regulatory successes and failures are discussed.
Eosinophilia, chloromas and a chromosome abnormality in a patient with a myeloproliferative syndrome.

The existence of eosinophilic leukemia remains controversial since many authors challenge the existence of this entity. We present a patient with a hypereosinophilic syndrome whose findings were consistent with a leukemic process. The patient's course was marked by signs and symptoms of myeloblastoma formation and his illness terminated in an acute blastic crisis. Chromosome studies on peripheral blood leucocytes demonstrated aneuploidy and an abnormal number four chromosome with additional material on its long arm. This case appears to be an unusual example of a hypereosinophilic syndrome with both myeloblastoma formation and an abnormal leucocyte karyotype.
Quantitative modeling of DNA–protein interactions: effects of amino acid substitutions on binding specificity of the Mnt repressor

Understanding DNA-protein recognition quantitatively is essential to developing computational algorithms for accurate transcriptional binding site prediction. Using a quantitative, multiple fluorescence, relative affinity (QuMFRA) assay, we determine the binding specificity of 11 different position 6 variants of the Mnt repressor for operators containing all 16 possible dinucleotides at operator positions 16 and 17. We show that the wild-type and all variant proteins interact with the two positions in a non-independent manner, but that a simple independent model provides a close approximation to the true binding affinities. The wild-type His at amino acid 6 is the only protein to prefer the AC sequence of the wild-type operator, whereas most of the variant proteins prefer TA. H6R is unique in having a strong preference for C at position 16. A comparison of the quantitative binding data for all of the protein variants with a model for recognition of the early growth response (EGR) zinc finger family suggests that interactions of Mnt with positions 16 and 17 are similar to interactions of EGR with positions 1 and 2, respectively. This information leads to an augmented model for the interaction of Mnt with its operator.
The Effect of Valence on Performance in a Conservation Task

Summary Two separate experiments were completed to test the effect of valence on performance of kindergarten Ss on a conservation task. Forty-eight Ss in Experiment I, with a mean age of 5.5 years, were asked to conserve a volume of liquid. A significant number of Ss failed to conserve the volume (p < .001), but when valence—desirability of the liquid to drink—was added, a significant number of Ss changed their choices (p < .02) to show conservation. Thirty-eight Ss in Experiment II, with a mean age of 5.5 years, were asked to conserve volume of liquid with valence attached to the first choice. A significant (p < .01) number of Ss showed conservation of volume. The results of the two experiments were compared and discussed in relation to valence and language development as relevant variables in conservation tasks.
The use and abuse of computer ethics

The creation of courses in applied ethics—business, engineering, legal, medical, and professional ethics—is a very fertile industry. The type of institution that supports the course—sectarian or nonsectarian—and the department responsible for the course—philosophy, religion, or computer science—affect the objectives. In his paper, "Human Values and the Computer Science Curriculum," Terrell Ward Bynum offers as a major objective of teaching computer ethics those courses make it more likely that "computer tecnology will be used to advance human values." Computer ethics is a relatively new and developing academic area. There have been several attempts to define and categorize the field and how one ought to teach it. The concept of "pop computer ethics" is very broad. The goal of pop ethics is to "sensitize people to the fact that computer technology has social and ethical consequences".
Botulinum toxin injection into the trapezius muscle of cynomolgus monkeys: Comparison of serotype A with B

Objective : To compare the magnitude and duration of muscle paralysis induced by botulinum toxin (BoNT) type A and type B in cynomolgus monkeys. Methods : Twenty-two monkeys were injected with one of five doses of BoNT-A, BoNT-B or a placebo in each of their trapezius muscles. Compound muscle action potentials (CMAP) were measured at baseline and 2, 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks post-injection in all animals and at 20 and 24 weeks post-injection in the two highest dose groups. Toxins were injected and data scored with the investigators “blinded” to the dose and serotype used in each muscle. Results : At 2 weeks, the degree of paralysis for each dose pair was approximately equivalent, with a range across doses of 60–95%. A clear dose–recovery relationship was observed, with longer paralysis associated with higher BoNT doses. At the lowest doses tested (i.e., 0.5 U of BoNT-A and 16 U of BoNT-B), recovery, defined as a decrement of less than 20%, was evident by 12–16 weeks in all monkeys; at the highest doses (i.e., 10 U of BoNT-A and 500 U of BoNT-B), the same degree of recovery was documented only after 24 weeks. Conclusions : The duration of induced paralysis is related to the BoNT dose and the initial degree of paralysis for both serotypes. When BoNT doses that produce approximately equivalent initial paralytic effects are compared, the duration of action is similar across serotypes.
AIRarg and AIRgluc as predictors of insulin secretory reserve

Abstract Various brief metabolic tests have been proposed as surrogate measures of insulin secretory reserve, which is normally determined by the more complicated and labor-intensive method of glucose potentiation of arginine-induced insulin secretion (GPAIS). This article provides correlations between insulin responses to intravenous arginine (AIRarg) and intravenous glucose (AIRgluc) in 39 normal control subjects in whom insulin secretory reserve was measured by GPAIS. The correlation coefficients were .78 and .77, respectively, both of which were highly statistically significant (P
Field correlations within a completely incoherent primary spherical source

Spectral correlation properties of the field within a primary delta-correlated, scalar, spherical source are investigated. It is found that the field at any two source points is correlated over distances of the order of a wavelength, at least in the case when one of the points coincides with the center of the source. In the asymptotic limit when the radius of the source is large compared with the wavelength, the field distribution becomes statistically homogeneous and the degree of spectral coherence at any two source points is given by (sin kr)/kr, where r is the distance between the two points and k is the wave number.
Cisplatin, 5-Fluorouracil, and Ifosfamide in the Treatment of Recurrent or Advanced Cervical Cancer

We performed a prospective, phase II trial of cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, and ifosfamide in the treatment of 30 women with recurrent or advanced cervical cancer. Median age was 47 years old. Twenty-one tumors were squamous and 83% of tumors were grade 2 or 3. Twenty-six patients (87%) received prior pelvic radiotherapy, and six patients (20%) received prior radiation sensitizing chemotherapy. Median time to recurrence was 6 months. In 11 patients (37%) tumor recurred in the pelvis. A combination of cisplatin 90 mg/m2, 5-fluorouracil 1500 mg/m2, and ifosfamide 3 g/m2 was administered intravenously in divided doses over 3 consecutive days every 28 days. Sixteen patients (53%) responded to chemotherapy with a complete response occurring in 5 patients (17%) and a partial response in 11 patients (36%). One of 11 patients (7%) with a pelvic recurrence responded compared to 15 of 19 (79%) with extrapelvic recurrence (P = 0.001). Tumors recurring after 6 months had a higher response rate (73%) compared to those recurring before 6 months (33%) (P = 0.05). Three of the six patients (50%) treated with prior radiation sensitizing chemotherapy responded. Seven of nine patients (78%) with adenocarcinoma responded. Median survival is 12 months (3-36 months). In conclusion, cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, and ifosfamide resulted in a favorable response rate (53%) and a median survival of 12 months. As expected, patients with extrapelvic recurrence and recurrence after 6 months had an improved response rate while, surprisingly, those receiving prior radiation sensitizing chemotherapy and those with adenocarcinoma did not exhibit a less favorable response rate.
Thermomechanical effects in high current density electrical slip rings

Abstract An experimental apparatus was constructed to study the contact of electrical brushes passing high currents. This apparatus consists of a 100 mm copper slip ring and a brush holder which can be loaded against it. The surface temperature of the brush, the extent of contact and the friction can be measured with this apparatus. Four brush materials were studied: one electrographitic brush and three silver-filled graphite brushes. The results of the experiments showed that above a particular threshold speed the brushes exhibited a sparking phenomenon which consisted of periodic motion of a cluster of small sparks on the brush surface. The peak temperature and the periodicity of the sparking were shown to be a function of the properties of the brush material. A theoretical model of the sparking phenomenon has been developed which shows good agreement with the sparking motion observed using the electrographitic brush.
CRITICAL INTENSITY AND FLASH DURATION FOR RESPONSE TO FLICKER: WITH ANAX LARVAE

Determinations of the flicker response curve (F - log I(m)) with larvae of Anax junius (dragonfly) for various ratios t(L)/t(D) of light time to dark time in a flash cycle provide relations between t(L)/t(D) and the parameters of the probability integral fundamentally describing the F - log I function, including the variability of I. These relations are quantitatively of the same form as those found for this function in the sunfish, and are therefore non-specific. Their meaning for the theory of reaction to visual flicker is discussed. The asymmetry of the Anax curve, resulting from mechanical conditions affecting the reception of light by the arthropod eye, is (as predicted) reduced by relative lengthening of the fractional light time in a cycle.
Interrelationships between amino acid and lipid metabolism in the tsetse fly, Glossina morsitans

Abstract The rate of synthesis of triglycerides from amino acid raw material is high during the first 24 hr of the hunger cycle, after which it falls to negligible levels. Following injection of 14 C-labelled palmitate there is a rapid incorporation of radioactivity in glutamate and proline, with a marked lag in the appearance of radioactivity in alanine and carbon dioxide, suggesting that the oxidation of fatty acids involves proline as an intermediary. Alanine and other amino acids appear to participate in the synthesis of proline from lipid sources, the synthesis being accomplished predominantly in the fat body.
Human Engineering Considerations In The Development Of A Biomechanics Cinematography Laboratory

Human Engineering involves a systematic approach to workspace design, and is predicated upon the concept that it is better to modify equipment in a workspace to meet the con-straints of users, rather than to modify the actions of users to meet the constraints of equipment. In accordance with Human Engineering practices, the first step in the develop-ment of a workspace is to state the purposes of the workspace. Subsequently, the equipment and personnel which will be included in the workspace should be identified, and the manner in which the equipment will function within the workspace should be examined. Finally, communication links within the system should be planned. The above sequence of steps can be applied to biomechanics cinematography laboratories whose purposes are either to perform research or to provide facilities for both teaching and research.© (1982) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Broadly tunable mid-infrared noise-immune cavity-enhanced optical heterodyne molecular spectrometer

The sensitive spectroscopic technique noise-immune cavity-enhanced optical heterodyne molecular spectroscopy (NICE-OHMS) has been successfully used in a variety of systems; however, no broadly tunable setup has been developed for the mid-infrared. To this end, we have integrated a difference frequency generation system into a NICE-OHMS setup. Initial optimization and characterization was completed with ro-vibrational spectroscopy of methane. Doppler-broadened frequency-modulated NICE-OHMS spectra were recorded at a sensitivity of 2×10(-7) cm(-1) Hz(-1/2). Sub-Doppler saturation signals (Lamb dips) were also observed using wavelength-modulated NICE-OHMS, achieving a sensitivity of ~6×10(-9) cm(-1) Hz(-1/2).
THE RELATIONSHIP OF ROOT GROWTH AND TREE VIGOUR FOLLOWING TRANSPLANTING

Summary Soil characteristics have a major influence on root growth and development. On dense soils, such as those found on many urban sites, root systems are very shallow and widespread. Less than 5 percent of the root system is typically transplanted with the tree. Replacement roots originate from the callus formed near the cut surface. Initially many small roots are produced but often a single root becomes dominant and “replaces” the root severed during transplanting. At all times, the crown of the tree must be balanced with its root system. When the root system is reduced as a result of transplanting, twig growth is also reduced. As the root system is replaced, equilibrium is restored, resulting in restoration of top growth vigour.
(S)-(+)-1-(2-Bromo-phen-yl)ethanol.

The title compound, C8H9BrO, crystallizes with two mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit. The structure displays O—H⋯O hydrogen bonding, generating zigzag chains evolving around a screw axis along [100].
Relationships of bryophytes and lichens to environmental gradients in Maine peatlands

The most important environmental gradients of Maine peatlands are geologic substrate and alkalinity. Other gradients are coastal-inland climate, moisture content of the peat, P and K concentrations, and shade. Abundance weighted means of pH, Ca, and moisture content of peat are given for the 48 most frequently occurring bryophyte and lichen species. A TWINSPAN differentiated twenty associations. Environments of the first four TWINSPAN dichotomies differed largely by pH and related variables, though Fe, %H2O, shade, microtopography, and degree of humification were also significant. A CCA with forward selection entered pH, P, Fe, Na, %H2O, shade, and a climate factor as the minimum number of variables which best account for the species variation. Bryophyte and lichen distributions are determined primarily by edaphic and hydrologic factors, which determine the kinds and amounts of mineral solutes in peat interstitial water. Two independent chemical gradients were identified: (1) the acidity-alkalinity gradient related to base cation concentrations, and (2) a gradient of Fe, Al, Mn, and Si related to shallowness of peat and inputs from granitic lithologies.
Development and validation of fluorescence spectroscopic assays to evaluate antioxidant efficacy. Application to metal chelators

Two fluorescence-based assays were developed for rapid evaluation of compounds for antioxidant activity. These assays were based on the quenching of intensity of the fluorescent probe and an increase in its fluorescence anisotropy due to the free radicals generated during lipid peroxidation. A large unilamellar vesicle system, containing the fluorescence probe diphenylhexatriene-propionic acid, was used to study the effects of chelators on metal-ion-induced lipid peroxidation. In this paper, the actions of the chelating agents ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA), nitrilotriacetic acid trisodium salt (NTA), adenosine-5′-diphosphate disodium salt (ADP), and sodium citrate on Fe(II)- and Fe(III)-induced peroxidation were compared. The effects of chelators on metal-ion-induced peroxidation depended on the type of metal used to initiate peroxidation and, for citrate, also on the concentration of chelator used. EDTA strongly suppressed both Fe(II)- and Fe(III)-induced peroxidation in this system. NTA and ADP inhibited Fe(III)-induced peroxidation but enhanced Fe(II)-induced peroxidation at all concentrations tested. Citrate promoted both Fe(II)- and Fe(III)-induced peroxidations at lower chelator-to-metal ratios; however, at higher ratios, it inhibited both peroxidations. The results of the two fluorescence-based assays agreed well with the quantitation of conjugated dienes and hydroperoxides by high-performance liquid chromatography. The combination of sensitivity, speed, and general utility associated with these methods suggests that these methods will be useful in rapid screening of extracts and purified compounds for antioxidant activity.
Inflammation and intimal hyperplasia associated with experimental pulmonary embolism

Objective: We tested the hypothesis that a venous thromboembolism to the pulmonary arterial system (pulmonary embolism [PE]) would cause an inflammatory response within the pulmonary arterial (PA) wall marked by elevated cytokines and chemokines and an influx of inflammatory cells. Methods: Experimental PE was induced in 70 rats and confirmed with angiography and O2 saturation depression, and an additional 70 rats underwent sham operations. PA and lung tissue were removed at 3 hours and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 14 days (n = 10 per time point), were analyzed for proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and underwent histologic analysis. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance and the unpaired Student t test. Results: Average gross PE resolution was 40% at 2 days, 90% at 4 days, and 100% at 6 days. Only monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels were greater in affected PAs compared with sham PAs at 3 hours, 1 day, and 2 days (137 ± 13 pg/mg protein, 285 ± 40 pg/mg protein, and 249 ± 36 pg/mg protein versus 101 ± 6 pg/mg protein, 150 ± 36 pg/mg protein, and 92 ± 3 pg/mg protein; P < .01 for all). Keratinocyte-derived chemokine, tissue necrosis factor, interleukin-10, nitric oxide, P-selectin, and E-selectin levels were not elevated. Neutrophils infiltrated the PA wall beginning at 3 hours, peaked at 2 days (69.4 ± 21.7 per five high-power fields; P < .01), and returned to baseline by 8 days after PE. Macrophages peaked at 1 day after PE (29.3 ± 6.9; P < .01) and returned to baseline by 4 days after PE. PE also was associated with a significantly increased intima to media ratio (P < .05), apparent at 4 days after PE and persisting through 14 days. Conclusion: PE is associated with an early influx of polymorphonuclears and macrophages and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 elevation within the PA wall. These are temporally associated with thrombus resolution and intimal hyperplasia. These factors may mediate these two processes after PE. This offers targets for further study with the hopes of minimizing the pathophysiologic response to PE. (J Vasc Surg 2002;36:581-8.)
An electroactive conduit for spinal cord injury repair

Electrospun fibrous scaffolds of piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene (PVDF-TrFE) were evaluated to enhance neurite extension for spinal cord injury (SCI) repair. An aligned fibrous piezoelectric scaffold was investigated in order to provide physical cues (via contact guidance) and local electrical activity to promote neuronal differentiation and neurite extension. Rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) and dorsal root ganglion explants (DRGs) were cultured on random or aligned fibrous PVDF-TrFE scaffolds. Neurites of PC12 cells were observed to extend and proliferated along the direction of the aligned fibers. Neurite extension of DRGs was observed on both random and aligned electrospun PVDF-TrFE scaffolds suggesting the potential use of these scaffolds in spinal cord repair.
Spurious acceleration noise in spaceborne gravitational wave interferometers

An important source of noise in the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) is residual acceleration on the proof masses at the heart of the interferometer system. Two proof masses are carried by each sciencecraft in the LISA constellation, oriented along each of two laser links that are maintained between the distant partners in the constellation. Any change in the local mass distribution will create spurious forces on the individual proof masses which will have to be understood as part of the data analysis reduction. This paper considers the general case of accelerations on the individual proof masses in three dimensions for perturbing masses passing by a LISA sciencecraft with arbitrary velocity vectors and impact parameters. Encounters of this kind are impulsive, occurring over short time scales and appearing in the data record as bursts. The formalism is then applied in a few sample cases, including a meteor fly-by and a thruster maneuver.
Symmetry, orientation and rotational mobility in the a3 heme of cytochrome c oxidase in the inner membrane of mitochondria

Abstract The photoinduced linear dichroism of absorption changes resulting from photolysis of the complex between heme a3 of the cytochrome oxidase and CO is studied. The experiments started from isotropic solutions or suspensions of the enzyme both in its isolated form and in mitochondria. The anisotropy responsible for the linear dichroism was induced by excitation with a flash of linearly polarized light. The dichroic ratios observed with various systems; polymerized enzyme in solution, enzyme in mitochondria and in submitochondrial particles (at 20 °C as well as at liquid N2-temperature) all approached a value of 4 3 which characterizes a chromophore which is circularly degenerate. Therefrom we conclude that the interaction of heme a3 with its microenvironment within the protein does not break its four-fold symmetry. The experiments with mitochondria and submitochondrial particles suspended in aqueous buffer revealed similarly high dichroic ratios without any dichroic relaxation other than a rather slow one which could be attributed to the rotation of the whole organelle in the suspending medium. Therefrom we conclude that the cytochrome oxidase either is totally immobilized in the membrane, or that it carries out only limited rotational diffusion around a single axis coinciding with the symmetry axis of heme a3. In the light of independent evidence for a transmembrane arrangement of the oxidase and for the general fluidity of the inner mitochondrial membrane we consider anisotropic mobility of the cytochrome oxidase around an axis normal to the plane of the membrane as the most likely interpretation. Then our experimental results imply that the plane of heme a3 is coplanar to the membrane.
Fiber-optic transducer for blood pressure measurements

A novel type of fiber-optic pressure transducer has been developed and tested for biomedical application. It consists of two parts: a pressure-sensing membrane and a fiber-optic displacement transducer which is based on the light intensity loss caused by angular misalignment between two fibers. The light intensity change is registered by a photodiode. The pressure transducer is registered by a photodiode. The pressure transducer has been evaluated for static and dynamic pressure measurements. Not only does it have adequate linearity and frequency response, safety, and small size, but also it may be an attractive device for developing multiple-site pressure-detecting catheters. >
H ∞ controller design for linear systems with quantized feedback

This paper studies a quantized dynamic output feedback H∞ control problem for continuous-time linear time-invariant (LTI) systems. The quantizers considered here are dynamic and time-varying. For the quantized closed-loop system, a control strategy dependent on not only the controller states but also the system measurement outputs is proposed with updating two independent quantizer's parameters, such that the quantized closed-loop system is asymptotically stable and achieves the same H∞ disturbance attenuation level as the one obtained by the standard dynamic output feedback H∞ control. An example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the control strategy.
Blue-light hazard from CO2 arc welding of mild steel

Objectives The objective was to quantify the blue-light hazard from CO(2) arc welding of mild steel. Methods The spectral radiance of arcs in CO(2) arc welding of mild steel was measured for solid and flux-cored wires at welding currents of 120-480 A. Effective blue-light radiance and the maximum acceptable exposure duration were calculated from the spectral radiance using their definitions in American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists guidelines. Results The effective blue-light radiance ranged from 22.9 to 213.1 Wcm(-2)sr(-1). The corresponding maximum acceptable exposure duration was only 0.47-4.36 s, meaning that the total daily exposure to the welding arc without eye protection should not exceed this duration. Conclusions It is very hazardous to view the arcs in CO(2) arc welding of mild steel. Welders and their helpers should use appropriate eye protectors in these arc-welding operations. Also, they should avoid direct light exposure when starting an arc-welding operation.
Fertilization and development without the fertilization membrane in the egg of Dendraster eccentricus

1. If the unfertilized eggs ofDendraster are bathed in a solution of non-electrolyte and then fertilized in sea water, division takes place normally but instead of blastulae, cell plates are formed. 2. The ions of Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba if added to the solution of non-electrolyte in sufficient quantity inhibit the loss of membrane forming power in the eggs and upon fertilization they form a fertilization membrane and develop normal larvae. Since the bivalent ions are effective in approximately equal concentration the protective action is apparently due to a valence effect. 3. The fertilized eggs ofDendraster if kept for a short time in a solution of non-electrolyte or of M/2 NaCl or of acidulated sea water pH 4, lose their fertilization membranes and develop cell plates. The formation of the blastula is impossible, if the membrane is lost. 4. The bivalent ions are effective in preventing the solution of the fertilization membrane. Ca, Sr and Ba are approximately equipotential and are eight times as effective as Mg. The process is, therefore, different from the action of the bivalent ions on the unfertilized egg under paragraph 2. 5. In the early stages of cell division cell bridges may easily be seen, one bridge connecting two blastomeres. Later the cells ofDendraster come to be joined by a number of hyaline processes which may be seen when the cell plates are broken up. 6. A rhythm of the cells in the cell plates is described according to which the plate at one phase is extended occupying a large projection area, at another it is contracted and occupies a small projection area.
Stress urinary incontinence surgery in the United States

Abstract Objective To describe the prevalence, regional rates and demographic characteristics, morbidity, and mortality of stress urinary incontinence surgeries in the United States. Methods We used data from the 1998 National Hospital Discharge Survey and the 1998 National Census to calculate rates of surgeries for stress urinary incontinence by age, race, and region of the United States. From these data we estimated morbidity and mortality associated with incontinence surgery. Results In 1998, approximately 135,000 women had inpatient surgery for stress urinary incontinence in the United States. The mean age of these women was 54.0 (±13.3) years. The South had the highest rate of surgery (14.8 per 10,000 women), whereas the Northeast had the lowest (9.8 per 10,000). In the 79% of discharges for which race was stated, the surgery rate for whites (11.6 per 10,000) was almost five times greater than for blacks (2.6 per 10,000), whereas the perioperative complication rate for blacks was twice that for whites (20.6% compared with 9.7%). Almost 70% of incontinence surgeries were done in combination with other major gynecologic procedures. For all incontinence surgeries, approximately 18% had complications, and mortality was rare (0.01%). Conclusion Stress urinary incontinence surgery is common, especially among white women. Differences in regional and racial surgical rates may represent differences in physician practice, patient expectations, and access to or utilization of care.
Software Development Environment for Run-time Reconfigurable System-on-Chip

This paper gives an overview of an innovative architecture for a run-time reconfigurable co-processor that could be used for rapid system prototyping. The user makes use of our application modeling language named PACO in order to fully exploit the features of the platform. Also, in further detail, we discuss our just-in-time (JIT) compiler that prepares the user application to be executed partly on a soft-core processor and partly on a run-time reconfigurable processing unit (RPU). The JIT compiler decides which portions of the code could execute faster in hardware (i.e. on the RPU) and which should execute in software. This will drastically improve the execution time of computationally intensive algorithms
Five heads are better than one: preliminary results of team-based learning in a communication disorders graduate course.

Background Clinical problem-solving is fundamental to the role of the speech–language pathologist in both the diagnostic and treatment processes. The problem-solving often involves collaboration with clients and their families, supervisors, and other professionals. Considering the importance of cooperative problem-solving in the profession, graduate education in speech–language pathology should provide experiences to foster the development of these skills. One evidence-based pedagogical approach that directly targets these abilities is team-based learning (TBL). TBL is a small-group instructional method that focuses on students’ in-class application of conceptual knowledge in solving complex problems that they will likely encounter in their future clinical careers. Aims The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the educational outcomes and students’ perceptions of TBL in a communication disorders graduate course on speech and language-based learning disabilities. Methods & Procedures Nineteen graduate students (mean age = 26 years, SD = 4.93), divided into three groups of five students and one group of four students, who were enrolled in a required graduate course, participated by fulfilling the key components of TBL: individual student preparation; individual and team readiness assurance tests (iRATs and tRATs) that assessed preparedness to apply course content; and application activities that challenged teams to solve complex and authentic clinical problems using course material. Outcomes & Results Performance on the tRATs was significantly higher than the individual students’ scores on the iRATs (p < .001, Cohen's d = 4.08). Students generally reported favourable perceptions of TBL on an end-of-semester questionnaire. Qualitative analysis of responses to open-ended questions organized thematically indicated students’ high satisfaction with application activities, discontent with the RATs, and recommendations for increased lecture in the TBL process. Conclusions & Implications The outcomes of this pilot study suggest the effectiveness of TBL as an instructional method that provides student teams with opportunities to apply course content in problem-solving activities followed by immediate feedback. This research also addresses the dearth of empirical information on how graduate programmes in speech–language pathology bridge students’ didactic learning and clinical practice. Future studies should examine the utility of this approach in other courses within the field and with more heterogeneous student populations.
Self-monitoring: Are Young Adults with MR and Autism able to Utilize Cognitive Strategies Independently?

Effectiveness of a self-monitoring procedure was evaluated for increasing work task completion and verbal requesting in two young adult men with autism and severe mental retardation. The study was conducted in a vocational training program at times when the men were expected to complete vocational tasks indepen dently. A changing criterion design was used to evaluate the procedure on number of required tasks completed and number of verbal requests. When the self-monitoring procedure was applied to task completion and verbal requests for help, performance increased systematically and in line with the changing criteria design for each participant. Results suggest that individuals with autism and severe mental retardation can be taught to use a self-monitoring procedure to increase independent task completion and verbal requesting in a vocational training program. Self-management, or management of one's someone's thinking or private verbal behavior own behavior, is considered to be a "pivotal to impact his or her overt behavior (Rankin & behavior," a technique that potentially will Reid, 1995). This strategy is designed to in have a widespread impact on areas of inter- crease or decrease an individual's behavior by vention for individuals with autism spectrum having that person become cognizant of his or disorders (ASD) (Koegel, Koegel, 8c McNer- her own behavior, then observe and record ney, 2001). Koegel, Koegel, and Carter (1999) that behavior (Maag, 2004). Students who self suggest that when individuals with autism are monitor may then learn to assess and change taught to self-manage, they may generalize their performances and reward themselves that skill to a variety of settings and behaviors, when they meet preset criteria. Rankin and requiring fewer resources, such as educational Reid delineated the following steps for imple
An interactive system for management of toxicology and teratology studies in laboratory animals.

studies. This system adequately served our needs for some years, but we rapidly saw the advantages that would be gained by on-line data capture. This, together with the coincidental publication of the FDA’s Regulations on Good Laboratory Practices, stimulated us to further examine our data-handling practices. The research operation at Amboise deals exclusively with the safety evaluation of drugs and chemicals. The whole gamut of standard toxicity tests is carried out, ranging from acute studies lasting a few days to carcinogenicity studies lasting up to 24 or 30 months; animals used include several rodent species, and rabbits and dogs. Present staffing is about 100 and includes toxicologists, veterinary and medical pathologists, biologists and biochemists, as well as a wide range of suitably qualified technical staff. In order to support an operation of this size, it was obvious that
Measurements of Visual Evoked Potentials in Parkinson's Disease

Visual evoked potentials elicited by reversing grating patterns were recorded in 35 patients with Parkinson's disease and in 26 controls. The average latency of evoked potentials in patients with Parkinson's disease exceeded by two standard deviations the average of the age-matched control group of other neurological patients. Over two-thirds of all patients with Parkinson's disease had abnormal latency. In these patients latency did not correlate with age. In 5 patients the latency became less prolonged on levodopa therapy, suggesting that catecholaminergic pathways have either indirect or direct effects on the generation of visual evoked potentials. Extrapyramidal connections of the visual cortex, as well as retinal dopaminergic neurons, require further study in Parkinson's disease.
The administration of gasoline taxes in the United States

The gasoline tax is as popular as a tax could be and the expenses of colection are small; exmptions have made trouble.