cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Parallel Image Processing with Image Algebra on SIMD Mesh-Connected Computers

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the relationship between image algebra and parallel image processing algorithms; it discusses how well single instruction multiple data (SIMD) mesh-connected computers are suited for image algebra. A group of image algebra primitives useful for parallel image processing is selected, and efficient algorithms to implement these image algebra primitives on SIMD mesh-connected computers are developed. Image algebra treats images as primary operands and addresses implicitly the parallelism in image processing. The chapter demonstrates that image algebra can serve as a good model for parallel image processing. This is accomplished by using image algebra to describe several highly parallel algorithms developed for various image processing tasks. The chapter describes an efficient algorithm for the Abingdon Cross image processing benchmark. A new binary image component shrinking algorithm is presented in the chapter. The chapter describes and analyzes several local image component labeling algorithms, one of which positively answers an open question. A special class of image-template operations that prove useful for computing properties of image components is defined and an efficient general algorithm for them is developed.
Leach Rate Characterization of Solid Radioactive Waste Forms

Leach rates for a number of proposed radioactive waste forms have been measured. A neutron activation analysis technique has been used exclusively for these measurements. Leach rates as low as 10-9g/cm2d were easily determined. Problems associated with surface area determination, sample preparation and data interpretation are discussed.
Farm Product Prices and Agricultural Safety: Connections and Consequences: Rural Health Policy

: Economic conditions in farming have been a common thread in explanations of agriculture's high rate of occupational injuries and death. If prices were higher or the farm economy were stronger, it is said, farmers could afford to be safer. However, could afford to be safer does not mean that farmers would be safer. This study examines the question of whether higher farm product prices could be expected to reduce agricultural injury rates. The critique includes a statistical model relating prices and acres per worker to non-rollover fatal farm injuries, using national data from 1969 to 1987. Contrary to current arguments, the model shows that higher prices historically are associated with higher fatality rates, suggesting that increased prices serve as an incentive for working harder and that the state of the agricultural economy is not a good explanation for high injury rates.
American Psychology and Schools: A Critique

No one denies that the Boulder Conference on Clinical Psychology marked a turning point on American psychology. This paper by one of the three or four living participants lists the conference as one in which psychology was at a choice point, went in one and only one direction, without examining the possible consequences or the possibility of going in more than 1 direction. A second theme is that the APA has to be faulted for a lack of searching self-scrutiny of its past. Organizations, like individuals, resist such self-scrutiny.
Responses to amplitude modulated infrared stimuli in the guinea pig inferior colliculus

Responses of units in the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus of the guinea pig were recorded with tungsten electrodes. The set of data presented here is limited to high stimulus levels. The effect of changing the modulation frequency and the modulation depth was explored for acoustic and laser stimuli. The selected units responded to sinusoidal amplitude modulated (AM) tones, AM trains of clicks, and AM trains of laser pulses with a modulation of their spike discharge. At modulation frequencies of 20 Hz, some units tended to respond with 40 Hz to the acoustic stimuli, but only at 20 Hz for the trains of laser pulses. For all modes of stimulation the responses revealed a dominant response to the first cycle of the modulation, with decreasing number of action potential during successive cycles. While amplitude modulated tone bursts and amplitude modulated trains of acoustic clicks showed similar patterns, the response to trains of laser pulses was different.
Determination of Sialylated and Neutral Oligosaccharides in Urine by Mass Spectrometry

This protocol describes a method to allow for the detection of specific oligosaccharide fragments in urine by tandem mass spectrometry. The detection of fragments with specific masses indicates the presence of one of a number of diseases where the deficiency of lysosomal enzymes involved in the degradation of the glyco- moieties of glycoproteins is present in the patient. This method describes the derivatization of oligosaccharides present in urine with phenyl-1-methylpyrazolone, which renders them hydrophobic, thus allowing desalting with Combi cleanup columns prior to injection. This method allows the detection of storage of oligosaccharides, which may indicate the presence of one of the infantile Pompe disease, α-mannosidosis, Gm1-gangliosidosis, Sandhoff disease, sialidosis, galactosialidosis, I-cell disease, and aspartylglucosaminuria.
Beyond the Crisis of Masculinity: A Transtheoretical Model for Male-Friendly Therapy

In "Beyond the Crisis of Masculinity", Gary Brooks explores the 'psychopathology of men's everyday lives' - the maladaptive strategies that men use to maintain a traditional male role that has increasingly come under assault. He then delves into the related question of why men overwhelmingly reject psychotherapy at a time when they need it the most. The key to engaging men in therapy, Brooks argues, is devising a 'male-friendly' therapy, involving flexibility, consciousness-raising in men's groups and other 'out-of-office' settings, and the therapist's emphasis on an authentic empathetic bond with the troubled male client to discover meaning in the client's relational pressures and problems at work, with loved ones, and, most of all, with himself. Standard therapeutic models don't work for men, Brooks argues, so therapists must be eclectic - transtheoretical - in negotiating therapeutic goals and tasks with their troubled male clients. The central tenets of multicultural counseling and therapy figure prominently in the transtheoretical model, as they allow the therapist to separate out and tackle peculiarly male problems that span different cultural and socioeconomic contexts. Inclusive cultural empathy and the transtheoretical model's stages-of-change framework can sustain men's initial interest in the therapeutic option and, beyond that, in a transformative relationship. In such a way, Brooks concludes, the transtheoretical model advances a hesitant male client from the level of consciousness-raising and awareness of gender role strain to the level of action and change, as the locus of therapeutic agency shifts from the therapist to the client himself.
Extra‐Axial Tumors

Extra-axial tumors most commonly arise from the meninges, calvarium, or skull base. Localization of a lesion as extra-axial or extra-cerebral in origin has significant clinical importance in terms of treatment planning and predicting prognosis. High-resolution fat-suppressed imaging is crucial for specific evaluation of the skull base, and correlation with computed tomography (CT) is often helpful in these cases. This unit presents basic MRI protocols for imaging extra-axial tumors in specific locations; sequence modifications are discussed where necessary. The sequences described in this unit are based on a 1.5 T scanner (GE Medical Systems), but can be expected to be equally applicable to other field strengths and scanners from other manufacturers.
Interconversion of Yeast Cell Types by Transposable Genes

The a and α cell types of budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are controlled by alternate alleles of the mating-type locus (MAT), MATa and MATα. The cell types can be interconverted by switching alleles of MAT. The loci HMRa and HMLα, which are loosely linked to MAT, are involved in mating-type switching. Experimental evidence for their role in MAT interconversion is presented. As a result of switching, the homothallic and heterothallic strains containing the amber and ochre mutations within the HMRa locus yield corresponding amber and ochre mutant mata loci. Similarly, the hmlα mutant strain generates matα mutant alleles. That is, specific mutations from HMRa and HMLα are transmitted to MAT. A replica of the mating-type coding information originating from these loci is transposed to MAT, where it replaces the existing information. Furthermore, "Hawthorne deletions" in strains containing hmra-amber/ochre result in production of mata-amber/ochre alleles. Therefore, genetic information for MATa resides at HMRa. The switches occur in a defined set of clonally related cells. Thus, the efficient interconversion of yeast cell types is mediated by an unidirectional transfer of genetic information between nonallelic sites in a nonrandom and programmed fashion. The results are inconsistent with the "flip-flop" models, but satisfy a key prediction of the general controlling element and the specific cassette models proposed for mating-type interchange.
Optical crosstalk in a silicon nanowaveguide

We characterize optical crosstalk and the associated bit-error rate degradation in silicon nanowaveguides. Results indicate that crosstalk decreases with increasing modulation frequency, which we attribute to free-carrier lifetime in the nanowaveguides.
Activation of PPARγ leads to inhibition of anchorage-independent growth of human colorectal cancer cells

Abstract Background & Aims: Peroxisomal proliferator–activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a nuclear hormone receptor that provides a direct link between fatty acid metabolism and control of gene transcription. The objective of this study was to determine the biological effect(s) of PPARγ activation in colorectal carcinoma cells. Methods: PPARγ expression and activity were measured in 4 human colon cancer cell lines using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting, and transient reporter gene assays. The effects of activated PPARγ in these cell lines were assessed in cellular proliferation and anchorage-independent growth assays. Flow cytometry was used to determine the effects of PPARγ activation on progression through the cell cycle. Results: PPARγ was expressed in all 4 colon cancer cell lines examined and was transcriptionally functional in 3 of the 4. Treatment of these cells with a selective PPARγ activator (BRL 49653) resulted in inhibition of anchorage-independent growth. The degree of growth inhibition correlated with the level of functional PPARγ present. Finally, activation of PPARγ resulted in G1 cell cycle arrest. Conclusions: Activation of the PPARγ pathway in colon cancer cells has potent antiproliferative effects, suggesting that this nuclear hormone receptor may provide a novel target for prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer in humans. GASTROENTEROLOGY 1998;115:1049-1055
Predicting the Resonant Frequency of Photoacoustic Cells With Side Branches

A theoretical method for predicting the resonant frequencies of acoustic resonators with side branches is introduced. This method is successfully extended to microelectromechanical-scale photoacoustic cell resonators with complex side branch structures. Resonant frequencies are calculated to within a few percent of experimental results. The effect of the side branch hole diameter on the resonant frequency is also demonstrated.
The Decline of Remarriage: Evidence From German Village Populations in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries:

Family reconstitution data for fourteen German village populations permit the examination of remarriage during the eighteenth and nineteenth cen turies. The results provide compelling evidence for ...
Quality choice under labor-management☆

Abstract The theory of quality choice and the profit-maximizing firm is rather well-developed. The theory of quality choice and the labor-managed firm remains largely unexplored. The purpose of this paper is to develop a quality choice model that leads to (1) comparisons between the labor-managed firm and the profit-maximizing firm, and (2) the effect of market structure per se on the quality choice of the labor-managed firm.
Simple decision rules in small groups: Collegial rule vs. rotational rule

Abstract I analyze the decision by ex ante identical group members with private preferences who must choose between two simple power-sharing schemes: collegial rule and rotational rule. Under collegial rule, members simultaneously express their preferred decisions, and the final decision takes the form of a simple compromise: the average of expressed decisions. Under rotational rule, one member is given the full authority to make decisions for a period of time, but this role (potentially) rotates among members. I identify the trade off between preference aggregation and information aggregation, and its interaction with group size and the extent of preference alignment among members.
Self-Reported Sexual Functioning Concerns Among Undergraduate Students

Researchers who have studied sexual functioning concerns do not often focus their research on undergraduate populations, perhaps due to perceptions of universal sexual health among this population. The current study examined prevalence and type of sexual functioning concerns in a sample of 347 male and female undergraduate students. Sexual functioning concerns were identified by the sample and suggest a range of sexual concerns and experiences. Results indicated that although many undergraduate students do not meet established criteria for a sexual dysfunction, they may experience sexual problems.
Sequential transfer of left-right information during vertebrate embryo development.

The establishment of left–right asymmetries in the vertebrate embryo is carried out by complex genetic interactions that impart left- or right-sided information to the developing organs and structures. The origin of LR information is still unclear, but recent advances have provided new insights as to how it is relayed to the embryo node, and thereafter to the lateral plate mesoderm. In both steps, signaling by members of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily plays critical roles in amplifying and spreading LR cues, which are reviewed here.
Medicine as a career: choices and consequences

Medicine has traditionally been regarded as a rewarding career both financially and socially. How true, however, is that tradition in today's world of rising costs and decreasing revenues? The educational debt of the physician-in-training is steadily increasing, and currently does not affect specialty choice. As the cost of medical education continues to rise, the applicant pool begins to shrink, thereby possibly affecting the quality of future physicians. Once the physician has completed training however, the majority enjoy a positive return on investment. Their incomes generally fail to remain ahead of inflation, and therefore, have remained within a narrow band of $40,000 in 1970 dollars. Finally, the demand for physician services cannot be attributed solely to either the consumer (patient) or to the supplier (physician). Rather, the demand for medical services appears to be a unique combination of the two. In conclusion, medicine still is an attractive career path, but the choices and consequences are becoming much more demanding.
Inelastic interactions of pions and protons with complex nuclei at 5–30 GeV/c

Abstract A total of more than 2000 interactions in nuclear emulsion initiated by pions and protons of four different primary energies (between 5–30 GeV/ c ) have been examined to study the general characteristics of stars produced in heavy nuclei. The analysis consists of the frequency as well as the angular distribution of shower particles, the correlation of 〈 n h 〉 with n s and 〈 n s 〉 with n h , the integral distribution of n h and the variation of lightly and heavily ionized tracks with the primary energy.
Flipping the Switch on Chloride Concentrations with a Light-Active Foldamer

Here we demonstrate a bioinspired system where light stimulus is used to trigger the wavelength-dependent release and then reuptake of chloride ions in nonaqueous solutions. A chiral aryl-triazole foldamer with two azobenzene end groups has been synthesized to define a folded binding pocket for chloride ions that unfolds with UV light to liberate the chloride. The trans-dominated helical foldamer becomes less stable upon photoisomerization to the cis forms. Simultaneously, the observed binding affinity shows an ∼10-fold reduction from K = 3000 M(-1) (MeCN, 298 K). Control of chloride levels using light is demonstrated by switching the conductivity of an electrolyte solution up and down.
Effects of Stimulus Predifferentiation (Familiarization) on Stimulus and Response Generalization of a Learned Motor Response

3 groups of 50 Ss each were given either 0, 10, or 56 non-differentially reinforced presentations of 7 stimuli sampled from a numerosity continuum. Immediately following training of a 200° dialing movement to the median valued numerosity stimulus (S0), Ss were tested for generalization of the response to all 7 stimuli. Small, but significant, alterations in the bidirectional gradients of generalization around S0 occurred as a function of familiarization. No evidence of differential response generalization as a function of amount of familiarization or stimulus magnitude was observed.
The role of systems designers in organizations

Abstract Information Systems technology has been identified as one of the most potent tools and techniques available today to enhance productivity in organizations. However, for historical reasons, the role most information systems designers are playing is largely one of delivering information products to the members of an organizational hierarchy. This paper argues that such a role limits the scope for productivity improvements within the organization. It calls for an integrated work-information systems design role for systems designers. Such a role should enable systems designers to restructure the work environment with optimum utilization of IS technology for maximum productivity gains. In addition, some suggestions for achieving this goal and possible limitations are also discussed.
Pseudo-power scale signatures: frequency domain approach

Abstract In an earlier work, we introduced a new form of signal representation called the pseudo-power signature (PPS) that was essentially independent of the duration of the signal. The signatures were obtained based on the continuous wavelet transform, and were shown to be reliable and discriminating for classification purposes. In this paper, we take a fresh look at the problem of obtaining PPS by carrying out our analysis in the frequency domain. The main advantages of this approach over our earlier one are that it is more versatile, permits the development of efficient computational algorithms, offers a solution to some unresolved uniqueness problems in our original formulation, and allows the study of the effect of the choice of analyzing wavelet to better aid the classification process.
Graph visualization for the analysis of the structure and dynamics of extreme-scale supercomputers

We are exploring the development and application of information visualization techniques for the analysis of new massively parallel supercomputer architectures. Modern supercomputers typically comprise very large clusters of commodity SMPs interconnected by possibly dense and often nonstandard networks. The scale, complexity, and inherent nonlocality of the structure and dynamics of this hardware, and the systems and applications distributed over it, challenge traditional analysis methods. As part of the 'a la carte team at Los Alamos National Laboratory, who are simulating these advanced architectures, we are exploring advanced visualization techniques and creating tools to provide intuitive exploration, discovery, and analysis of these simulations. This work complements existing and emerging algorithmic analysis tools. This paper gives background on the problem domain, a description of a prototypical computer architecture of interest (on the order of 10,000 processors connected by a quaternary fat-tree communications network), and a presentation of two classes of visualizations that clearly display the switch structure and the flow of information in the interconnecting network.
Enzymes of pentose biosynthesis. The quaternary structure and reacting form of transketolase from baker's yeast.

Abstract Transketolase from baker's yeast is a dimeric enzyme with a molecular weight of 158,000 ± 4000. Sedimentation velocity and sedimentation equilibrium experiments indicate that the enzyme dissociates at low concentrations (less than 0.1 mg/ml) in the absence of the coenzyme, thiamine pyrophosphate. However, no such dissociation was detected in the presence of coenzyme. Reacting enzyme sedimentation velocity measurements showed that the reacting species of the enzyme is a dimer with an s20,w of 7.7 S.
C-erbB2 oncoprotein and its soluble ectodomain: a new potential tumor marker for prognosis early detection and monitoring patients undergoing Herceptin treatment.

c-erbB-2 oncoprotein (or p185) coded by c-erbB-2 oncogene can be extracted with detergent from cell membrane of breast tissue and breast tumor cell line. The ectodomain of p185 can be cleaved proteolytically from the transmembrane receptor and released into solution. In blood circulation, only the ectodomain can be found, whereas only p185 exists in the extracts of tissue and cell line. p185 can also be quantified in the fine-needle aspirate biopsies and the concentration of p185 from the biopsies of malignant breast tissue is much higher than that of the normal and benign tissue. Measuring the ectodomain of the c-erbB-2 oncoprotein not only is useful to identify breast cancer patient who will benefit from Herceptin treatment but also can be used to monitor patients during the treatment. Overexpression of p185 and the elevation of circulating ectodomain is usually associated with poor prognosis. Overexpression of p185 in breast cancer patients with positive estrogen receptor identifies a subgroup of patients who will not respond to the endocrine therapy. Activation of p185 appears to be an early event in tumorigenesis for some cancers. It is possible that the ectodomain could be used as an early tumor marker detecting benign disease.
Effects of enhanced zinc and copper in drinking water on spatial memory and fear conditioning

Abstract Ingestion of enhanced zinc can cause memory impairments and copper deficiencies. This study examined the effect of zinc supplementation, with and without copper, on two types of memory. Rats raised pre- and post-natally on 10 mg/kg ZnCO3 or ZnSO4 in the drinking water were tested in a fear-conditioning experiment at 11 months of age. Both zinc groups showed a maladaptive retention of fearful memories compared to controls raised on tap water. Rats raised on 10 mg/kg ZnCO3, 10 mg/kg ZnCO3 + 0.25 mg/kg CuCl2, or tap water, were tested for spatial memory ability at 3 months of age. Significant improvements in performance were found in the ZnCO3 + CuCl2 group compared to the ZnCO3 group, suggesting that some of the cognitive deficits associated with zinc supplementation may be remediated by addition of copper.
Direct determination of exact charge states of surface point defects using scanning tunneling microscopy: As vacancies on GaAs (110).

We show a direct determination of the charge state of surface As vacancies on p-type GaAs(110) using scanning tunneling microscopy. This method utilizes the compensation between the local band bending resulting from the As vacancy and the p-type dopant whose charge states are known a priori. Detailed analysis shows a one-to-one compensation between the dopant-related and As-vacancy-related features, indicating that the As vacancy has a charge of +1. This method can be extended to determine quantitative charge states of other point defects (positive or negative). \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Cambro-Ordovician strata in Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen and their palaeotectonic significance

SummaryField and petrologic investigations of Cambro-Ordovician strata in Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen reveal a stratigraphic, sedimentologic, and diagenetic history for those rocks that bear striking similarities to coeval strata in central East Greenland, northwest Scotland and western Newfoundland. Parallels between these presently widely separated areas include: stratigraphic sequence (including enigmatic gaps), sedimentary structures, faunal assemblages, trace fossils, geochemical anomalies, and diagenetic sequences. It seems inescapable that the Cambro-Ordovician successions in Ny Friesland, central East Greenland, northwest Scotland, and western Newfoundland were developed on a once contiguous shelf on the margin of the lapetus Ocean. A tentative sequential tectono-sedimentological facies model of the ‘North Atlantic Geosyncline’ extending in time from late Proterozoic to the opening of the Atlantic Ocean is proposed to explain the empirical data. Slow closure of the lapetus basin, simultaneously involving transgression of the ‘North American’ plate and subduction of lapetus oceanic crust beneath a Euro-Balto-Scandinavian plate, followed by collision of the two continental plates, in turn followed by reopening along the approximate collision boundary appears to explain the observed relationships. This palaeotectonic/sedimentologic model is subject to further testing. The lithostratigraphic scheme is further refined.
The influence of light period on carbon partitioning, translocation and growth in tomato.

Abstract Carbon partitioning, translocation and growth were examined in young tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plants grown for 38 days under a 12-h light period and a photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 150 μmoles m−2 s−1 and then transferred and grown under 8-, 16- or 20-h light periods for an additional 7 days under similar PPFD. The third leaf from the base of the plant was used for carbon partitioning and translocation studies. The longer the length of the light period, the greater were the net assimilation rate (NAR), relative growth rate (RGR) and amount of carbon fixed and translocated. The shoot-to-root ratio and leaf area ratio (LAR) decreased with an increase in the light period. No significant differences were observed in photosynthetic rate among the three light treatments. From the total amount of carbon fixed, a certain amount stayed in the leaf independent of light period and the surplus was translocated. The 8-h light treatment had the highest accumulation rates of hexose, and starch. The starch accumulation rate in the 8- and 16-h light treatments were twice as high as that in the 20-h light treatment. The amount of hexose, sucrose and starch at any one time increased with an increase in the length of the light period. The carbon fixed in excess of demand was stored in the leaf as starch, and this accumulated over time in the 20-h light treatment. The leaves appeared to have a maximum capacity to store starch.
Preparation and properties of plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum fragments from isolated rat fat cells.

Abstract 1. 1. Plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum of free fat cells were isolated in high yield as a mixed microsomal fraction by sucrose gradient centrifugation. 2. 2. The semipermeable behavior of these particles was explored by observing shifts in isopycnic density in continuous polymer (Dextran) gradients over a range of pH and ionic conditions. 3. 3. Using a discontinuous Dextran gradient, a plasma membrane fraction was partially purified. The plasma membrane fraction showed a 12–16-fold enrichment of 5′-nucleotidase over the homogenate. Na + -K + -stimulated ATPase was recovered in highest specific activity in this fraction. Mitochondrial contamination was 3% where endoplasmic reticulum contamination was 27%. 4. 4. A sensitive radioassay for 5′-nucleotidase is described.
Temperature and pH controls over isotopic fractionation during adsorption of boron on marine clay

The variation of adsorption constants and isotope fractionation with pH and temperature during the adsorption of B from seawater onto marine clay have been examined. The controls over adsorption are similar to those exhibited by pure clay minerals (Bassett, 1976; Keren and Mezuman, 1981). The isotope fractionations are the result of equilibrium processes, not kinetic effects. Variations in the measured fractionation factor with pH arise from the differences between the isotope fractionation associated with adsorption of B(OH)3 and B(OH)4− and the pH dependence of B speciation. The implications of these results for the distribution of B isotopes in seawater and sediment porewaters are briefly discussed.
Proteomic analysis of trichloroethylene-induced alterations in expression, distribution, and interactions of SET/TAF-Iα and two SET/TAF-Iα-binding proteins, eEF1A1 and eEF1A2, in hepatic L-02 cells

Emerging evidence indicates that trichloroethylene (TCE) exposure causes severe hepatotoxicity. However, the mechanisms of TCE hepatotoxicity remain unclear. Recently, we reported that TCE exposure up-regulated the expression of the oncoprotein SET/TAF-Iα and SET knockdown attenuated TCE-induced cytotoxicity in hepatic L-02 cells. To decipher the function of SET/TAF-Iα and its contributions to TCE-induced hepatotoxicity, we employed a proteomic analysis of SET/TAF-Iα with tandem affinity purification to identify SET/TAF-Iα-binding proteins. We identified 42 novel Gene Ontology co-annotated SET/TAF-Iα-binding proteins. The identifications of two of these proteins (eEF1A1, elongation factor 1-alpha 1; eEF1A2, elongation factor 1-alpha 2) were confirmed by Western blot analysis and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP). Furthermore, we analyzed the effects of TCE on the expression, distribution and interactions of eEF1A1, eEF1A2 and SET in L-02 cells. Western blot analysis reveals a significant up-regulation of eEF1A1, eEF1A2 and two isoforms of SET, and immunocytochemical analysis reveals that eEF1A1 and SET is redistributed by TCE. SET is redistributed from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, while eFE1A1 is translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Moreover, we find by Co-IP that TCE exposure significantly increases the interaction of SET with eEF1A2. Our data not only provide insights into the physiological functions of SET/TAF-Iα and complement the SET interaction networks, but also demonstrate that TCE exposure induces alterations in the expression, distribution and interactions of SET and its binding partners. These alterations may constitute the mechanisms of TCE cytotoxicity.
Structural Variables that Determine the Speed of Retrieving Words from Long-Term Memory.

The experimental study reported was designed to permit the identification of structural features of stimuli and response words that are predictive of response latencies. The stimulus items were category names followed by an initial letter of the name of a category member, for example, fruit-P. The task for young adult subjects was to respond with the name of an appropriate member of the category, for example, plum in the case of fruit-P. Ten structural variables were used to form a multiple linear regression model for predicting mean response latencies to stimulus items. An R2 of .61 was obtained. In accounting for this percentage of the variance the three most important structural variables were a measure of dominance in the category, frequency of the stimulus category in children's vocabulary, and frequency of the most likely response in children's vocabulary.
The Simple Script Wrapper for OpenMI

Integrated environmental modeling enables the development of comprehensive simulations by compositing individual models within and across disciplines. The Simple Script Wrapper (SSW), developed here, provides a foundation for model linkages and integrated studies. The Open Modeling Interface (OpenMI) enables model integration but it is challenging to incorporate scripting languages commonly used for modeling and analysis such as MATLAB, Scilab, and Python. We have developed a general-purpose software component for the OpenMI that simplifies the linking of scripted models to other components. Our solution enables scientists to easily make their scripting language code linkable to OpenMI-compliant models fostering collaborative, interdisciplinary integrated modeling. The simplicity afforded by our solution is presented in a case study set in the context of irrigated agriculture. The software is available online as supplementary material and includes an example that may be followed to employ our methods.
Synthetic route to optically-pure metabolites of butadiene, and their chiral GC separation

Abstract The four possible stereoisomers of 3,4-epoxybutane-1,2-diol were stereospecifically synthesized in excellent yields, and fully characterized, as part of a study on the stereochemical aspects of butadiene metabolism and toxicity. GC methodology was developed whereby baseline separation of the enantiomeric pairs was achieved.
Quantum Deformations of Generalized Kac-Moody Algebras and Their Modules

Abstract We construct quantum groups Uq( g ) associated with generalized Kac-Moody algebras g with admissible Borcherds-Cartan matrices. We also construct quantum deformations of highest weight modules over U( g ) with integral highest weights. We show that, for generic q, Verma modules over U( g ) with integral highest weights and irreducible highest weight modules over U( g ) with dominant integral highest weights can be deformed to those over Uq( g ) in such a way that the dimensions of weight spaces are invariant under the deformation. In particular, for generic q, the characters of irreducible highest weight modules over Uq( g ) with dominant integral highest weights are given by the Weyl-Kac-Borcherds formula.
Hybrid Smoothing Method (HSM) in Cyclostationary Signal Detection for Cognitive Radio

Abstract- One of the major challenging issues in wireless communication is spectrum scarcity. In order to better utilize the licensed spectrum, the concept of cognitive radio has been introduced in which unlicensed users (secondary users) sense the spectrum and use the available bandwidth for their own transmission. One of the methods for detecting licensed users is through cyclostationary processing, which is based on the estimation of the spectral correlation function of the received signal. In this paper a new method for the detection of licensed users is proposed. The proposed Hybrid Smoothing Method (HSM) combines pre-existing time smoothing and frequency smoothing algorithms in cyclostationary processing in a cascading format. HSM estimates the SCF of the received signal and then sets a threshold for its decision. The threshold to switch from frequency smoothing to time smoothing in HSM is set by Neyman-Pearson lemma. Simulation results show that HSM not only works in a noisy environment but also outperforms a standalone time or frequency smoothing algorithm in terms of probability of signal detection.
The Deadlock of Democracy in Brazil: Interests, Identities, and Institutions in Comparative Politics. By Barry Ames. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2001. 352p. $59.50

Students of Brazil, of various disciplinary and theoretical persuasions, have long sought to explain the seeming inability of the country's political leadership to transcend patronage politics and develop coherent policies suitable for transforming the country's enormous potential into sustained economic growth and greater social equity. The Deadlock of Democracy in Brazil by Barry Ames, is the most recent major work in this tradition. Grounded in rational choice principles, the book's core argument is that political institutions—namely, open-list proportional representation in districts of high magnitude, coupled with federalism and the executive's long-standing reliance on patronage and pork—are at the heart of Brazil's governability problems. The proliferation of veto players, the continued weakness of political parties, legislative obstructionism, and corruption are among the most pernicious effects of the system.
A New Polystiliferous Hoplonemertean, Curranemertes natans gen. et sp.n., from the Caribbean Sea (Nemertina, Polystilifera Reptantia)

A polystiliferous hoplonemertean, Curranemertes natans gen. et sp.n., is described from Venezuela where it was found on corals in shallow water. It is the third species of reptantic Polystilifera known from the Caribbean Sea. Anatomically the new species shows affinities to the genera Punnettia, Polyschista, and Drepanophorina, but because of differences in the nervous system, cerebral organs, and alimentary tract, a new genus is proposed for it.
Study on Characteristics of Vibration Friction for Pile-Soil System

Vibratory pile driver-extractor is broadly applied in civil constructions, but the friction vibration theory and dynamic characteristics of friction vibration are not studied well. In this paper, the vibration friction characteristics and dynamics of pile driving process are studied based on nonlinear dynamics and friction theory. A dynamic model of system is established firstly, and then nonlinear dynamic principle and working process are studied in details. The simulation results can provide useful guidance for both vibration friction research in engineering and design in the development of such machines.
Burkitt's leukemia: a re-evaluation.

Two patients who presented with acute leukemia of Burkitt's cell type are discussed. Although one patient died within four months of diagnosis, the other has maintained a one year clinical complete remission. The clinical and morphologic picture of Burkitt's leukemia is nonspecific and therefore requires complementary studies including cytochemistry, transmission electron microscopy, cell surface markers and cytogenetics studies to establish a diagnosis. Serial bone marrow aspirations with marker analyses may detect relapse at an earlier stage than conventional cytology, allowing therapy to be modified prior to overt clinical relapse.
Mass Transfer Enhancement by Static Mixers in a Wall-Coated Catalytic Reactor

Abstract Using CO oxidation in a wall-coated tubular reactor, the enhancement of radial mass transfer by a static mixer was investigated. Experiments were conducted at various flow rates, CO concentrations and temperatures. Flow rates were chosen such that the flow remains in the laminar regime. Several effects were observed: light-off occurred at higher temperatures for higher flow rates and higher CO concentrations. Lower conversions were obtained for higher flow rates. In general, measured conversions were higher with the static mixer, compared to an empty tube under mass-transfer limited conditions. An expression for the Sherwood number, Sh =2+0.059 Re , was calculated for the system with static mixers. Our study demonstrates that the performance of wall-coated reactors can be significantly enhanced using static mixers. This reactor may be a new tool for reaction engineers, e.g., to replace catalyst-pellet-filled tubes in multi-tubular reactors to suppress hot-spot formation or for heterogeneously catalyzed viscous liquid-phase reactions.
A soluble acyl-coenzyme A oxidase from the yeast Candida utilis.

Abstract trans -2-Enoyl-CoA and two unidentified polar compounds were synthesized from the corresponding long-chain acyl-CoA by a particle-free supernatant fraction obtained from Candida utilis . The enzyme was unreactive toward free fatty acids but desaturated all long-chain acyl CoAs tested (14:0, 16:0, 18:1, 18:2). Molecular oxygen was the only required cofactor. Phenazine methosulfate and 2,6-dichloroindophenol did not replace the requirement for oxygen. The activity was inhibited specifically by NADPH and stimulated by linoleic acid or linolenic acid. The enzyme was not active in log phase cultures, but was detected only in stationary phase cells. Introduction of the trans -2-double bond was confirmed by gas-liquid chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, mass spectrometry, catalytic hydrogenation, oxidative cleavage, and chemical reactivity of the product toward nucleophilic addition.
Strategy for the Study of Paramagnetic Proteins with Slow Electronic Relaxation Rates by NMR Spectroscopy: Application to Oxidized Human [2Fe-2S] Ferredoxin†

NMR studies of paramagnetic proteins are hampered by the rapid relaxation of nuclei near the paramagnetic center, which prevents the application of conventional methods to investigations of the most interesting regions of such molecules. This problem is particularly acute in systems with slow electronic relaxation rates. We present a strategy that can be used with a protein with slow electronic relaxation to identify and assign resonances from nuclei near the paramagnetic center. Oxidized human [2Fe-2S] ferredoxin (adrenodoxin) was used to test the approach. The strategy involves six steps: (1) NMR signals from (1)H, (13)C, and (15)N nuclei unaffected or minimally affected by paramagnetic effects are assigned by standard multinuclear two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) spectroscopic methods with protein samples labeled uniformly with (13)C and (15)N. (2) The very broad, hyperfine-shifted signals from carbons in the residues that ligate the metal center are classified by amino acid and atom type by selective (13)C labeling and one-dimensional (1D) (13)C NMR spectroscopy. (3) Spin systems involving carbons near the paramagnetic center that are broadened but not hyperfine-shifted are elucidated by (13)C[(13)C] constant time correlation spectroscopy (CT-COSY). (4) Signals from amide nitrogens affected by the paramagnetic center are assigned to amino acid type by selective (15)N labeling and 1D (15)N NMR spectroscopy. (5) Sequence-specific assignments of these carbon and nitrogen signals are determined by 1D (13)C[(15)N] difference decoupling experiments. (6) Signals from (1)H nuclei in these spin systems are assigned by paramagnetic-optimized 2D and 3D (1)H[(13)C] experiments. For oxidized human ferredoxin, this strategy led to assignments (to amino acid and atom type) for 88% of the carbons in the [2Fe-2S] cluster-binding loops (residues 43-58 and 89-94). These included complete carbon spin-system assignments for eight of the 22 residues and partial assignments for each of the others. Sequence-specific assignments were determined for the backbone (15)N signals from nine of the 22 residues and ambiguous assignments for five of the others.
Neoareolar wise pattern reduction in patients requiring central partial mastectomy

Background Oncoplastic surgery integrates breast cancer resection with tissue transfer techniques to preserve breast cosmesis. With the novel methods developed in the oncoplastic movement, we are capable of performing larger resections with clear margins while minimizing the cosmetic deformity caused by more traditional surgical techniques. Central and retroareolar breast cancers continue to be a cosmetic challenge because removal of the central portion of the breast can be particularly deforming.
Influence of diglycyl-glycine on the radiation sensitivity of catalase

Die Veranderung der Strahlenempfindlichkeit von Katalase durch Diglycyl-glycin wurde spektralphotometrisch untersucht. Die Bestrahlungsdosen variierten zwischen 0–2,7 × 106r. Der Schutzeffekt lasst sich durch einen Radikal-abfangenden Mechanismus erklaren. Strahlenbiologische Folgerungen werden diskutiert.
Prednisone does not prevent recurrent fetal death in women with antiphospholipid antibody.

Summary Effects of therapy, antibody titer, and pregnancy history on pregnancy outcome were evaluated in pregnancies of women with antiphospholipid antibody. Prior fetal death and a high antiphospholipid antibody titer (> 40 IgG phospholipid units) contributed independently, in an additive manner, to current fetal loss. Twenty-one pregnancies occurred in asymptomatic women who had both prior fetal death and a high IgG antiphospholipid antibody titer. In this very high-risk group, 9 of 11 (82%) of pregnancies treated with prednisone, 10 to 60 mg/day, ended in fetal death, compared with 5 of 10 (50%) not treated with prednisone ( p ≈ 0.01, life-table analysis). Of pregnancies treated with aspirin, 80 mg/day, 9 of 14 (64%) treated and 5 of 7 (71%) not treated with prednisone had a fetal death (difference not significant). Prednisone does not improve, and may worsen, current fetal outcome in asymptomatic pregnant women with a high antiphospholipid antibody titer and prior fetal death. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989;160:439-43.)
Some Of the factors influencing the behavior of perched water‐tables at the North Appalachian Experimental Watershed near Coshocton, Ohio

The North Appalachian Experimental Watershed is a research-project of the Soil Conservation Service and is located for the most part in Little Mill Creek Watershed near Coshocton, Ohio. The topography consists of rolling hills, the average relief being approximately 300 feet (Fig. 1-A). A geological survey of the watershed has shown it to be an eroded peneplane consisting mainly of alternate and nearly horizontal strata of limestone, sandstone, and shale, interspersed by beds of impervious fire-clay and covered by a mantle of soil of from four to five feet in thickness. Each layer of fireclay supports a perched water-table either wholly or partially separated from each other and discharging at the outcrops of the impervious strata through the overlying soil-mantle, either as springs or seeps or by percolation, to the watertable below. Figure 1-B shows the principal ground-water horizons together with the approximate thickness of intervening strata. For convenience these horizons are designated by the coal or limestone strata immediately overlying the impervious fire-clay, such as No. 6-coal horizon or Putnam-Hill-Limestone horizon.
Size-Selective Organization of Enthalpic Compatibilized Nanocrystals in Ternary Block Copolymer/Particle Mixtures

Dependent on the relative particle core size, two distinct types of particle topologies in block copolymer/nanocrystal blends have been identified, that is, the localization of particles along the intermaterial dividing surface or at the center of the respective polymer domain. In ternary systems consisting of block copolymer and two different-sized nanocrystal species, the distinct morphological types are conserved, resulting in autonomous size-selective separation and organization of the respective nanocrystals within alternating arrays and sheets.