cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Continued Use of Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials in the Study of Peptic Ulcer Disease: A Sponsor Perspective:

Investigators and institutional reviews boards who/which have participated in recent controlled gastroenterology clinical research studies assessing new therapies for peptic ulcer disease have questioned the continued use of a placebo-control when efficacious therapies for peptic ulcer disease are currently available. As the sponsor of such studies, Glaxo is of the opinion that the use of placebo-controlled clinical research studies is appropriate in certain situations. In choosing between the use of an active comparator or placebo-controlled trial Glaxo recommends an assessment of the severity of the disease and the morbidity associated with use of placebo treatment. It further recommends the need to assess the efficacy of placebo therapy to establish the baseline remission rate for the disease. Glaxo suggests an assessment of the safety data for the new chemical entity under investigation, and if such data are lacking, minimize patient risk employing suggested study designs that maximize patient utiliza...
Correcting Optimal Transmission Switching for AC Power Flows

Optimal Transmission Switching (OTS) has demonstrated significant savings potential on test systems when formulated in a linearized DC power flow framework. OTS solutions generated from DC models, however, are not guaranteed to produce a feasible AC dispatch. Additionally, whether AC-feasible OTS solutions will generate cost savings similar to those suggested in the DC model is not guaranteed. We present a method to correct OTS solutions obtained in the DC model to ensure feasible AC power flow solutions. When applied to the RTS-96 benchmark network, the method achieves results that are both AC feasible and generate significant system cost reductions - in some cases larger than the cost reductions suggested by the DC OTS.
Paramagnetic resonance of bis-cyclopentadienyl vanadium

The paramagnetic resonance spectrum of a benzene solution of bis‐cyclopentadienyl vanadium shows a g factor equal to 2.00 and a V51 isotropic hyperfine splitting equal to 77 Mc. The small V51 hyperfine splitting demonstrates that none of the three odd electrons in this sandwich compound spends an appreciable part of its time in a 4s atomic orbital of the vanadium atom. The observed spectroscopic splitting factor shows that the orbital ground state is a singlet. This result signifies that one of the three unpaired electrons in this substance must be in an orbital of a1g symmetry, and that the other two electrons must be in orbitals of eg symmetry. This latter conclusion is in good agreement with theoretical orbital energy levels derived by a number of investigators.The paramagnetic resonance spectrum of an air oxidation product of bis‐cyclopentadienyl vanadium has been observed. The spectroscopic splitting factor is g=1.99 and the hyperfine splittings are 210 Mc. It is suggested that the oxidation product ...
Cultivating Voice: First-Generation Students Seek Full Academic Citizenship in Multicultural Learning Communities

Research has shown that first-generation, low-income college students experience both isolation and marginalization, especially during their first-year of college, which impacts their long-term persistence in higher education. In this article, I argue that learning community pedagogy designed with attention to multicultural curricula is one vehicle to address the challenges faced by these college students. Organized around the themes of identity, community, and agency, an interdisciplinary Multicultural Learning Voices Community (MLVC) was created at a large, public midwestern research university to provide TRiO students with challenging academic coursework that would connect with their lived experience and help them build bridges of social and academic integration during their critical first-year of college. This article presents qualitative data from a multiple case study of seven cohorts of the MLVC, which captures students’ perceptions of their experience.
Myofiber size correlates with MTM1 mutation type and outcome in X-linked myotubular myopathy

We aimed to correlate pathologic findings with MTM1 mutation type in a series of molecularly defined XLMTM cases. Clinical data from 15 XLMTM patients and their corresponding 16 muscle biopsies were studied. All patients were infants (range: 6-217 days old) when initially biopsied. The proportion of myofibers with central nuclei did not correlate with clinical outcome, however, morphometric studies showed that survivors had larger myofiber diameters in infancy than those who died (10.4+/-3.9microm versus 8.9+/-3microm; p<0.001). As a corollary, patients with MTM1 missense mutations had larger myofiber diameters (11.1+/-4microm), than those with truncation/deletion mutations (8.6+/-2.7microm) (controls 11.7+/-2.5microm) (p<0.0001). These data indicate that differences in myofiber size correlate with MTM1 mutation type and patient outcome. Failure to attain and/or maintain myofiber size, along with fiber type perturbations and the misplacement of myofiber nuclei and other organelles, are important components of XLMTM muscle pathology.
Dispersing hairy nanoparticles in polymer melts

The dispersion of hairy nanoparticles in polymer melts of chemically identical chains was investigated as a function of both molecular weight and volume fraction. Here we provide conclusive evidence that the shape of the phase diagram is determined primarily by the ratio of the chain length of the polymer melt to the chain length of the polymeric shell structure (or hair) of the core/shell nanoparticles, and that the phase behavior of different hairy particles in various polymer melts can be superimposed into one universal graph. Other factors, including the hair density and the particle diameter, are not nearly as significant as the above-noted ratio in this phase separation. In addition, we show that there is a strong connection between the rheological dynamics of the particle-filled system and the thermodynamics of the phase separation behavior. The shear-induced nonlinearity in the particle-filled system appears to display features of a singularity near the phase transition point.
Slip processes in the deformation of polystyrene

Two slip processes are characterized in the deformation of atactic polystyrene by compression. In the optical microscope, one appears as intensive shear bands and the other as diffuse shear zones. But in the electron microscope, the latter reveals itself in the form of two sets of numerous, fine, discontinuous shear bands intersecting at nearly right angles. In addition to their differences in appearance, the coarse slip band propagates fast along a localized path, inclines at less than 45‡ with the compression axis, and invariably produces shear fracture when it extends across the specimen. On the other hand, the fine slip bands spread slowly by multiplication mainly along the maximum shear stress direction, contribute to almost all the macroscopic strain and cause shape changes of the specimen. Hence the coarse band process is a brittle mode and the fine band process a ductile mode. The relative abundance of these bands depends on the thermal history of the specimen, the loading condition, and the deformation temperature. The average shear strain inside either band is about 1.5 and is recoverable upon annealing.
Caesium‐137 estimates of erosion in agricultural areas

Sediment redistribution within near-level agricultural fields in the Gray Wooded soil zone of Saskatchewan was studied using the artificial environmental tracer caesium-137 (137Cs). the objective of this study was to estimate erosion rates caused by wind erosion, and land clearing techniques (i.e. bulldozing). Net rates of erosion and deposition were quantified over the past 30 years on three fields. Wind erosion was estimated to be approximately 1.0 t ha−1 y−1 on a near-level field, with 50 per cent of the sampling sites having erosion rates in excess of soil formation. Bulldozing produced median net sediment flux values of between 40 and 90 t ha−1 y−1. in addition, between 65 and 85 per cent of the sampling sites had erosion rates in excess of the maximum tolerable limit (i.e. 11.0 t ha−1 y−1). These results indicate significant accelerated erosion results from land clearing techniques used in central Saskatchewan. Bulldozing of the fields removed the LFH-horizon and exposed the underlying mineral horizon. Bulk densitites of the 0 to 15 cm layer in the cleared fields were 27 to 55 per cent greater than the comparable depth increment within the undisturbed forest site. Organic carbon concentrations within the 1930s, 1979, and 1987 fields were decreased by 47, 42, and 37 per cent, respectively following cultivation and bulldozing. Decreases in total nitrogen for the cultivated fields ranged from 33 to 38 per cent.
Clinical trial of sertraline in the treatment of night eating syndrome.

Objective To test the efficacy of sertraline in the treatment of night eating syndrome. Methods Seventeen patients meeting criteria for night eating syndrome received sertraline in a 12-week open-label, nonblinded trial. Outcome was assessed by four primary measures, namely, the number of nocturnal awakenings, the number of ingestions, total daily caloric intake after the evening meal, and an overall rating of change from the Clinical Global Impression of Improvement scale (CGI-I). Results and Discussion An intent-to-treat analysis revealed highly significant improvements across all four primary outcome measures for all 17 subjects. Five subjects achieved full remission of symptoms (CGI-I score of 1 = very much improved) and lost a significant amount of weight over the course of the study (−4.8 ± 2.6kg, p < .05). Sertraline, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, may be beneficial in the treatment of night eating syndrome. © 2003 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 35: 16–26, 2004.
Variations on the Kepler problem

The elliptical orbits resulting from Newtonian gravitation are generated with a multifaceted symmetry, mainly resulting from their conservation of both angular momentum and a vector fixing their orientation in space—the Laplace or Runge-Lenz vector. From the ancient formalisms of celestial mechanics, I show a rather counterintuitive behavior of the classical hydrogen atom, whose orbits respond in a direction perpendicular to a weak externally-applied electric field. I then show how the same results can be obtained more easily and directly from the intrinsic symmetry of the Kepler problem. If the atom is subjected to an oscillating electric field, it enjoys symmetry in the time domain as well, which is manifest by quasi-energy states defined only modulo ħω. Using the Runge-Lenz vector in place of the radius vector leads to an exactly-solvable model Hamiltonian for an atom in an oscillating electric field—embodying one of the few meaningful exact solutions in quantum mechanics, and a member of an even more exclusive set of exact solutions having a time-dependent Hamiltonian. I further show that, as long as the atom suffers no change in principal quantum number, incident radiation will produce harmonic radiation with polarization perpendicular to the incident radiation. This unusual polarization results from the perpendicular response of the wavefunction, and is distinguished from most usual harmonic radiation resulting from a scalar nonlinear susceptibility. Finally, I speculate on how this radiation might be observed.
Sex-Segregated Employment, Wage Inequality and Labor-Intensive Production: A Study of 33 U.S. Manufacturing Industries

This study develops and tests a two-part reproduction model of sex segregation and relative wage determination where both are hypothesized to be related to the technology or input requirements of production in ways that can account, in large part, for persistent wage inequality by gender. An analysis of occupational sex composition and relative wages in 33 manufacturing industries from the early 1960s to the late 1970s shows that women were and remained disproportionately employed in labor-intensive occupations and industries and that these technical conditions were associated with low earnings, independently of skills. The findings suggest that, once wage disparities by sex are established, the market forces of capitalism will continually resegregate women into jobs where, because of the lack of intrinsic bargaining power and disproportionate vulnerability to job loss, workers are unable to achieve wages commensurate with skills.
HER-2-targeted nanoparticle-affibody bioconjugates for cancer therapy.

Affibodies are a class of polypeptide ligands that are potential candidates for cell- or tissue-specific targeting of drug-encapsulated controlled release polymeric nanoparticles (NPs). Here we report the development of drug delivery vehicles comprised of polymeric NPs that are surface modified with Affibody ligands that bind to the extracellular domain of the trans-membrane human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) for targeted delivery to cells which over express the HER-2 antigen. NPs lacking the anti-HER-2 Affibody did not show significant uptake by these cells. Using paclitaxel encapsulated NP-Affibody (1 wt% drug loading), we demonstrated increased cytotoxicity of these bioconjugates in SK-BR-3 and SKOV-3 cell lines. These targeted, drug encapsulated NPAffibody bioconjugates may be efficacious in treating HER-2 expressing carcinoma.
About the Barriers to Reaction of CCl4 with HFeOH and FeCl2

The reactions of zerovalent iron with water and carbon tetrachloride are of interest for environmental remediation of contaminated water and soil. Atom-dropping experiments have shown that the reactions of iron atoms with water and CCl(4) may produce HFeOH and FeCl(2), respectively, but these compounds are themselves unreactive toward CCl(4) at the low temperatures under which the atom-dropping experiments were performed. We report a modeling study of these reactions using density functional theory, ab initio Hartree-Fock and couple-cluster theory, and principles of Marcus-Hush theory to characterize the underlying intrinsic barriers and rationalize the experimental results. Electron-correlated CCSD(T) calculations (at B3LYP/TZVP optimized structures) show that the transition state for Cl atom transfer from CCl(4) to HFeOH arises from crossing of electronic states in which the configuration of Fe changes from a quintet high spin state in the Fe(II) reactant to a sextet high spin state in the Fe(III) products. The crossing point is 23.8 kcal/mol above a long-range precursor complex that is 2.1 kcal/mol more stable than the separated reactants. The electronic structure changes in these Cl atom transfer reactions involve unpairing of d electrons in Fe(II) and their recoupling with Cl-C σ bond electrons. These processes can be conveniently described by invoking the self-exchange reactions HFeOH/HFeClOH, FeCl(2)/FeCl(3), and CCl(4)/(•)CCl(3) for which we determined the energy barriers to be 15.5, 13.1, 18.6 kcal/mol, respectively. For the cross reaction FeCl(2)/CCl(4), we estimated a barrier of 16.6 kcal/mol relative to the separated reactants and 21.1 kcal/mol from the precursor complex. The magnitudes of the reaction barriers are consistent with reports of the absence of products in the atom-dropping experiments.
Sulfhydryl groups in Nissl bodies.

Structures which contain the major part of the insoluble cytoplasmic sulfhydryl material have been identified with the protein components of the Nissl bodies of neurons. This was done by showing with histochemical techniques the topographical coincidence of reactive sulfhydryl cell regions, and areas selectively stained for nucleic acids. This identification is of considerable interest with respect to nervous tissue, as it was possible to show that the staining for sulfhydryl and nucleic acids in Nissl bodies was increased or decreased as the cells were stimulated or undergoing chromatolysis.
Trisubstituted diaminocarbene complexes of iron

Abstract Neutral and cationic isocyanide complexes of the form CpFe(CO)(L)(CNR) where L = CN or CNR and R = Me or i-Pr react with dimethylamine to form trisubstituted diaminocarbenes. Secondary amines having larger alkyl groups were unreactive under the same conditions. The new complexes are characterized by their infrared, 13 C and 1 H NMR spectra. In contrast to dialkyl diaminocarbenes, these compounds exist totally in one isomeric conformation, exhibit significantly lower C-N rotational barriers, and readily revert to their isocyanide precursors.
A mechanism for decoupling within the oceanic lithosphere revealed in the Troodos ophiolite

Contrasting kinematic histories recorded in the sheeted dykes and underlying plutonic rocks of the Troodos ophiolite provide a new perspective on the mechanical evolution of oceanic spreading centres. The kinematic framework of the decoupling zone that partitions deformation between the sheeted dykes and plutonics contrasts with low-angle detachment models for slow-spreading ridges based on continental-rift analogues. A model for the generation of multiple, horizontal decoupling horizons, linked by planar normal faults, demonstrates new possibilities for the kinematic and rheological significance of seismic reflectors in oceanic lithosphere.
Fabrication and characterization of orientation in skew stretched polyethylene terephthalate films

Skew stretched films were prepared by first unaxial stretching and subsequently skew stretching at 30‡ and 60‡ angles to various stretch ratios. The films were characterized by refractive index (birefringence), infrared absorption (dichroism) and wide-angle x-ray diffraction measurements. The data are represented in terms of ellipsoids and symmetry axes were determined. The results from the different methods are compared. Biaxial orientation factors are computed based on the experimentally determined axes.
The relationship of strategy, fit, productivity, and business performance in a services setting

Abstract In their review of the operations strategy literature, Anderson et al. [Anderson, J.C., Cleveland, G., Schroeder, R.G., 1989. Operations strategy: a literature review. J. Operations Manage., 8(2): 133-158] contend that the hypothesis that a company will perform better if it links its operations strategy to the business strategy is intuitively appealing, but lacks empirical verification. In light of this contention, this research attempts to: (1) define and measure the concept of fit as it applies to operations strategy; (2) show how fit leads to better performance; and (3) investigate the interrelationships between fit, business strategy, productivity, and performance. These objectives are investigated through field-based research within a wholesale distribution service setting. Utilizing the classificatory framework of Venkatraman [Venkatraman, N., 1989. The concept of fit in strategy research: toward verbal and statistical correspondence. Acad. Manage. Rev., 14(3): 423-444], fit is defined as the degree to which operational elements match the business strategy. This precise definition closely resembles the concept of `external fit' that began with the work of Skinner [Skinner, W., 1969. Manufacturing–missing link in corporate strategy. Harvard Bus. Rev., 47(3): 136-145]. A conceptual model of business performance is used with productivity as a mediating variable between the independent variables of business strategy and external fit and the dependent variable of business performance. Path analysis is used to analyze the effect of external fit on performance and to investigate the interrelationships between fit, business strategy, productivity, and performance. The results show that external fit has a significant positive and direct effect on business performance. When coupled with the nonsignificant direct effects of the strategy variables, this suggests that the fit of the operational elements with the strategy is of greater importance than the particular choice of strategy. Although all three business strategies (low cost, a combination of low cost and high customer service, and high customer service) had no significant direct effects on performance, a high customer service strategy did have a significant positive effect on the intervening productivity variable. Finally, the particular design of the research and the findings suggest that much of the conceptual work in operations strategy may be applicable to service operations as well as manufacturing.
Compellence and the role of airpower as a political instrument

Abstract This study seeks to address four issues concerning airpower and the use of force in the aftermath of the Gulf war. These include: (1) What are the continuities and discontinuities between the cold war and the post‐cold war international security environment? (2) Will the preeminent U.S. strategic concept of the cold war—deterrence—remain so in the years ahead or will a different concept be equally or possibly more relevant in this new environment? (3) Is compellence a more appropriate strategic concept for the 1990s? (4) Can airpower, as employed strategically and tactically in the Gulf war, contribute to the adroit use of compellence by the United States as a strategic concept?
Adolescent alcohol initiation: A review of psychosocial risk factors

Longitudinal research studies focused on alcohol use initiation in adolescence were reviewed to determine which variables function as antecedent predic- tors or risk factors. Only studies that focused on time-1 abstainers were included. Classes of risk factors exam- ined include sociodemographic, family, peer, personal- ity, and behavioral variables. The most consistent ante- cedent risk factors for starting to drink in adolescence were parental and peer approval and models for drinking and drug use as well as adolescents' own prior involve- ment in delinquent behavior. There was little evidence for gender differences in risk factors for alcohol use initiation. Secondary analyses of existing longitudinal data sets are encouraged to examine whether there are ethnic/racial differences in the risk factors for starting to drink and to establish those factors that serve a protective or buffering function, delaying onset of alcohol use in adolescence. © Society for Adolescent Medicine, 2004
Troilite in the chondrules of type-3 ordinary chondrites: implications for chondrule formation

The presence of primary troilite in chondrules requires that nebular temperatures were 1170 K) but much less Ni at lower temperatures; because this is far higher than the metamorphic temperature inferred for Semarkona (approx. 670 K), the troilite must be primary Primary troilite fitting the three criteria occurs in a smaller fraction of low-FeO [FeO/(FeO + MgO) in olivine and/or low-Ca pyroxene not greater than 0.0751 than high-FeO porphyritic chondrules in Semarkona (9% vs 33%) Coarse-grained low-FeO porphyritic chondrules appear to contain somewhat more troilite on average than those of medium grain size We found a few troilite-free, metallic-Fe-Ni-bearing, low-FeO chondrules that contain Na2O-bearing augite and Na2O- and K2O-rich mesostasis; these chondrules were probably formed after ambient nebular temperatures cooled below 910 K (the 50% condensation temperature of Na) and before they reached 650 K Literature reports of rare fayalitic microchondrules in the rims around a few normal-size chondrules suggest that chondrule formation persisted until nebular temperatures cooled below 500 K Secondary troilite occurs in a few percent of Semarkona chondrules as thin veins mobilized by shock; troilite or pyrrhotite in the outer portions of some chondrules occur within opaque assemblages containing magnetite, carbide, Ni-rich sulfide, awaruite, and Co-rich kamacite produced by parent-body hydrothermal alteration.
A Sex Caused Inconsistency in DSM-III-R: The Definition of Mental Disorder and the Definition of Paraphilias

The DSM-III-R definition of mental disorder is inconsistent with the DSM-III-R definition of paraphilias. The former requires the suffering or increased risk of suffering some harm while the latter allows that deviance, by itself, is sufficient to classify a behavioral syndrome as a paraphilia. This inconsistency is particularly clear when examining the DSM-III-R account of a specific paraphilia, Transvestic Fetishism. The author defends the DSM-III-R definition of mental disorder and argues that the DSM-III-R definition of paraphilias should be changed. He recommends that the diagnostic criteria for specific paraphilias, particularly that for Transvestic Fetishism, be changed to make them consistent with the DSM-III-R definition of mental disorder.
Utilization of optical image data from the Advanced Test Accelerator (ATA)

Extensive use is made of optical diagnostics to obtain information on the 50-MeV, 10-kA, 70-ns pulsed-electron beam produced by the Advanced Test Accelerator (ATA). Light is generated by the beam striking a foil inserted in the beamline or through excitation of the gas when the beamline is filled with air. The emitted light is collected and digitized. Two-dimensional images are recorded by either a gated framing camera or a streak camera. Extraction of relevant beam parameters, such as current density, current, and beam size, requires an understanding of the physics of the light-generation mechanism and an ability to handle and properly exploit a large digital database of image data. We will present a brief overview of the present understanding of the light-generation mechanisms in foil and gas, with emphasis on experimental observations and trends. We will review our data management and analysis techniques and indicate successful approaches for extracting beam parameters.
Reduced Rif2 and lack of Mec1 target short telomeres for elongation rather than double-strand break repair

Telomerase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae binds and preferentially elongates short telomeres, and this process requires the checkpoint kinase Tel1. Here we show that the Mre11 complex bound preferentially to short telomeres, which could explain the preferential binding of Tel1 to these ends. Compared to wild-type length telomeres, short telomeres generated by incomplete replication had low levels of the telomerase inhibitory protein Rif2. Moreover, in the absence of Rif2, Tel1 bound equally well to short and wild-type length telomeres, suggesting that low Rif2 content marks short telomeres for preferential elongation. In congenic strains, a double-strand break bound at least 140 times as much Mec1 in the first cell cycle after breakage as did a short telomere in the same time frame. Binding of replication protein A was also much lower at short telomeres. The absence of Mec1 at short telomeres could explain why they do not trigger a checkpoint-mediated cell-cycle arrest.
MATCHING WITH A KEY PECK RESPONSE IN CONCURRENT NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT SCHEDULES1

In the absence of responding, pigeons were shocked under a variable-time schedule. Responses on either of two keys occasionally produced one minute of shock-free time. That is, pigeons' key pecks were reinforced with shock-free time under concurrent variable-interval schedules. The relative frequency of access to the one-minute shock-free periods was systematically manipulated. Pigeons tended to match both relative response rate and proportion of time spent on each key to the relative frequency of the shock-free periods. A best-fit linear regression equation accounted for over 95% of the variance in both relative response rate and time allocation. The data paralleled closely the results of concurrent schedules of positive reinforcement. These findings are consistent with a description of reinforcement as a transition to a higher-valued situation and suggest that common laws govern choice for both positive and negative reinforcement.
Antegrade balloon dilation of postoperative ureterovesical junction obstruction in children.

Obstruction of the ureterovesical junction is an uncommon but well-recognized complication of ureteral reimplantation that traditionally has been treated by surgical correction [1, 5–9]. We report our experience with antegrade balloon dilation (ABD) of these strictures in two children. Obstruction was confirmed by diuretic renogram and pressure perfusion studies prior to ABD. Clinical follow-up was done at 3 months and 14 months, and ultrasonographic studies revealed resolution of the hydronephrosis. In addition, diuretic renograms showed complete washout of radiotracer. Morbidity was limited to episodes of pyelonephritis that readily responded to medical management. ABD of ureteral strictures is a relatively simple procedure with a potential for a high success rate and low morbidity. This modality should be considered as the first line of treatment in patients with distal ureteral obstruction after reimplantation.
Strategic Management of Government-Sponsored R&D Portfolios:

Although strategic management of R&D portfolios is common practice in private sector R&D, government R&D management tends to be more discrete and ad hoc, focusing on generating maximum output from ...
Comparison of Spinal Cord Protection Utilizing Left Atrial-Femoral with Femoral-Femoral Bypass in Patients with Traumatic Rupture of the Aortic Isthmus

Introduction Postoperative paraplegia remains a dreaded complication of repair of traumatic rupture of the aortic isthmus. Claims have been made that left atrial-femoral bypass provides better spinal cord protection. To test the hypothesis that left atrial-femoral bypass is better than femoral vein-to-femoral artery bypass in regard to postoperative paraplegia, we concurrently compared the two techniques.
On the structure of the iron-sulfur complex in the two-iron ferredoxins☆

Abstract Recent spectroscopic and magnetic susceptibility studies of the iron center in the two-iron ferredoxins provide criteria which any model for the iron-sulfur complex in these proteins must satisfy. These criteria are most stringent for parsley and spinach ferredoxin: the reduced proteins contain a high-spin ferric atom antiferromagnetically exchange-coupled (presumably via sulfide bridging ligands) to a high-spin ferrous atom. In the oxidized proteins the iron atoms are antiferromagnetically spin-coupled, high-spin ferric atoms. Arguments are given to substantiate the claim that the ferrous atom in the reduced protein is ligated by four sulfur atoms in a distorted tetrahedral configuration: two are the bridging sulfides, two are cysteinyl sulfurs. A treatment of proton contact shifts based upon the above model is pertinent to proton magnetic resonance data already available and provides a means to identify directly the ligands at both iron atoms via further PMR experiments.
Contributions of neural excitability and voluntary activation to quadriceps muscle strength following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Abstract Background Persistent quadriceps weakness is common following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLr). Alterations in spinal-reflexive excitability, corticospinal excitability and voluntary activation have been hypothesized as underlying mechanisms contributing to quadriceps weakness. The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive capabilities of spinal-reflexive excitability, corticospinal excitability and voluntary activation on quadriceps strength in healthy and ACLr participants. Methods Quadriceps strength was measured using maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC). Voluntary activation was quantified via the central activation ratio (CAR). Corticospinal and spinal-reflexive excitability were measured using active motor thresholds (AMT) and Hoffmann reflexes normalized to maximal muscle responses (H:M), respectively. ACLr individuals were also split into high and low strength subsets based on MVIC. Results CAR was the only significant predictor in the healthy group. In the ACLr group, CAR and H:M significantly predicted 47% of the variance in MVIC. ACLr individuals in the high strength subset demonstrated significantly higher CAR and H:M than those in the low strength subset. Conclusion Increased quadriceps voluntary activation, spinal-reflexive excitability and corticospinal excitability relates to increased quadriceps strength in participants following ACLr. Clinical relevance Rehabilitation strategies used to target neural alterations may be beneficial for the restoration of muscle strength following ACLr.
The electronic band structure and density of states of palladium

Abstract The electronic energy band structure and density of states are calculated for palladium using the Empirical pseudopotential method. Results are compared with ones obtained by the APW method.
Tumorous conditions of the fibula, supraorbital area and mandible.

. Our patient's initial biopsy of the right fibula was diagnosed as Ewing's sarcoma and surgical amputation was suggested as the treatment of choice. After he refused, he was treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The patient refused to continue this type of therapy after a 6 weeks' regimen. The supraorbital swelling occurred 3 years later and the biopsy of it also revealed Ewing's sarcoma, as did the mandibular specimen. The patient, again, refused any further treatment.
A study of LISP on a multiprocessor preliminary version

Parallel symbolic computation has attracted considerable interest in recent years. Research groups building multiprocessors for such applications have been frustrated by the lack of data on how symbolic programs run on a parallel machine. This report describes the behavior of Multilisp programs running on a shared memory multiprocessor. Data was collected for a set of application programs on the frequency of different instructions, the type of objects accessed, and where the objects were located in the memory of the multiprocessor. The locality of data references for different multiprocessor organizations was measured. Finally, the effect of different task scheduling strategies on the locality of accesses was studied. This data is summarized here, and compared to other studies of LISP performance on uniprocessors.
The Muslims Next Door: Transgressive Hybridity in TLC's All-American Muslim

The television series All-American Muslim presented audiences with a group facing widespread negative perceptions in mainstream U.S. society, which defines them in terms of incompatible differences and external threats. The present study examines the content of the series and the para-text including newspaper reviews and commentaries. Using Hall's perspective on representation, the author analyzes the competing frames of American and Muslim in terms of the liminal existence and boundary-defying portrayals of the cast members. The dualities and tensions of the resulting identity portrayals are examined in the context of transgressive hybridity. The broader implications of this particular reality program are examined in the context of political discourse and minority representation.
ALUMINUM AT T ≈ TF : THEORY OF THE DYNAMICALLY COMPRESSED METALLIC STATE

This work reports a method for calculating the equation of state and Hugoniot curves of simple metals under high compression, both dynamic and static. The method is hased on the observation that the Helmholtz free energies of isochoric solid and liquid phases differ mainly in their respective entropic components. Accordingly, we use second order pseudopotential theory to calculate the thermodynamic functions of the simple metal by a variational method that treats the solid phase, for structural purposes, as a supercooled liquid. In the case of aluminum, we have considered volume compressions in the range V/V0≈1/3 which correspond to values reached in recent nuclear shock measurements. Associated temperatures are in the neighborhood of TF and such conditions require that the temperature dependence of the electron gas energy and dielectric function be fully taken into account.
Kevorkian and assisted death in the United States.

Retired pathologist Jack Kevorkian's assistance in the suicide of Janet Adkins, in June of 1990, did more than any other single action to make assisted suicide a hot button issue in the United States. Ironically, Dr Kevorkian's conviction last month on charges of second degree murder in Pontiac, Michigan, will probably have little if any impact on the further progress of the American assisted suicide “movement.” Already acquitted by juries three times on charges of assisting suicides, Kevorkian's actions this time led armchair psychiatrists to conclude that the self proclaimed “Dr Death” must have had his own death wish. He escalated his practice from assisting suicide to direct mercy killing in the case of Thomas Youk, who suffered from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. He prepared a video showing his every action and the exact moment of Youk's death, and appeared with the video on a national television news programme, daring the authorities to prosecute him. Brought to trial on murder charges, he insisted on representing himself in court—a task for which he was woefully unprepared, as was shown by the judge's refusal to allow the testimony from Youk's family, which Kevorkian was sure would win him the …
POLITICS OF THE SOIL: SEPARATISM, AUTOCHTHONY, AND DECOLONIZATION AT THE KENYAN COAST*

This article examines the perceived interdependence of territorial rights and social identity in colonial Kenya. In the early 1960s, attempts to win full autonomy for a narrow strip of Indian Ocean coastline – the Protectorate of Kenya – encouraged an exclusivist discourse of autochthony. To establish their historical ownership of the coast, both political thinkers who supported and decried coastal separatism emphasized the correlation of race, ethnicity, religion, and physical space. Through competing claims to ‘the soil’, all parties articulated a dually integrative and divisive language of citizenship. As a result, autochthony discourse exacerbated tensions within coastal society, fortified divergent visions of the postcolonial nation, and highlighted reductive definitions of the coast as either maritime or continental in orientation.
Superoxide-NO interaction decreases flow- and agonist-induced dilations of coronary arterioles in Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2-DM) markedly increases the incidence of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and, consequently, mortality. However, the underlying mechanisms leading to IHD in T2-DM are not co...
A Matrix-Based Approach to Recovering Design Patterns

Design patterns describe good solutions to common and recurring problems in software design. They have been widely applied in many software systems in industry. However, pattern-related information is typically not available in large system implementations. Recovering these design pattern instances in software systems can help not only to understand the original design decisions and tradeoffs but also to change the systems with quality assurance. This paper presents our approach on recovering design patterns based on matrices and weights. We formally specify our methods to encode both the systems and the design patterns into matrices and weight. Our formal specification rigorously defines the structural, behavioral, and semantic analyses of our approach. A set of experiments on real-world systems is also carried out to evaluate our approach with analysis results.
The PICA revisited

A little over ten years ago, I wrote a critique of the Porch Index of Communicative Ability (Martin 1977). My purpose was two-fold: first, I wanted to raise objections to use of the test itself since I believe it to be seriously flawed conceptually and therefore of limited, if any, clinical or research use; second, I hoped to stimulate discussion of the entire issue of testing in aphasia. Unfortunately, because of space concerns, a key section of my paper was edited (with my permission I must hasten to add) and the focus of the paper became more of an attack on the PICA than a discussion trigger as I had hoped. While my first purpose was achieved, there has been little discussion of what I still think to be the important issues raised in the paper. Dr Lincoln’s thoughtful piece, ‘Using the PICA in clinical practice: are we flogging a dead horse?’ raises many of these issues. I should say at the start that except for minor reservations of emphasis and priority, I have objections to only two comments she makes in her paper, those on the use of the PICA to monitor recovery and the desirability of a multidimensional scoring system. I hope therefore, I will be excused for discussing from my own points of reference, some of the same points she makes so well.
Thermal Vibrational Convection in a Two-Phase Stratified Liquid

The response of a two-phase stratified liquid system subject to a vibration parallel to an imposed temperature gradient is analyzed using a hybrid thermal lattice Boltzmann method (HTLB). The vibrations considered correspond to sinusoidal translations of a rigid cavity at a fixed frequency. The layers are thermally and mechanically coupled. Interaction between gravity-induced and vibration-induced thermal convection is studied. The ability of applied vibration to enhance the flow, heat transfer and interface distortion is investigated. For the range of conditions investigated, the results reveal that the effect of vibrational Rayleigh number and vibrational frequency on a two-phase stratified fluid system is much different than that for a single-phase fluid system. Comparisons of the response of a two-phase stratified fluid system with a single-phase fluid system are discussed.
Numerical analysis of two partitioned methods for uncoupling evolutionary MHD flows

Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) studies the dynamics of electrically conducting fluids, involving Navier–Stokes (NSE) equations in fluid dynamics and Maxwell equations in eletromagnetism. The physical processes of fluid flows and electricity and magnetism are quite different and numerical simulations of each subprocess can require different meshes, time steps, and methods. In most terrestrial applications, MHD flows occur at low-magnetic Reynold numbers. We introduce two partitioned methods to solve evolutionary MHD equations in such cases. The methods we study allow us at each time step to call NSE and Maxwell codes separately, each possibly optimized for the subproblem's respective physics. Complete error analysis and computational tests supporting the theory are given.Copyright © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 30: 1083–1102, 2014
The role of universities in developing interdisciplinary action research collaborations to understand and manage resilient social-ecological systems

Abstract Sustainable development activities are comprised of complex sets of social, economic, and ecological factors. Cross-scale knowledge and applications are increasingly valuable today in achieving successful interdisciplinary action research collaborations among universities and other stakeholders in order to understand and manage the predictable and unpredictable transformative change possibilities in social-ecological systems. This paper analyzes case studies of two complex regional social-ecological systems that illustrate the dynamic interactions between human societies and natural systems. The framework of panarchy, which integrates the cross-scales and domains of social, economic, and environmental systems, is incorporated as a means of examining the dimensions of adaptability and resilience, and the evolution of these social-ecological systems as stakeholder learning networks. The practical intent of using case studies is threefold: 1. To demonstrate how a holistic synthesis of these multi-domain frameworks can enrich descriptive and prescriptive analyses of social-ecological systems phenomena, 2. To make these integrative frameworks and analytical tools more readily useful for students, university educators, researchers and academic-practitioners, to incorporate into interdisciplinary curricula, teaching, research and practice, and 3. To offer these cross-domain tools to facilitate integrative action research collaborative partnerships among educators, researchers, academic-practitioners, and other social-ecological system stakeholders.
Retention of survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a longitudinal study of bone mineral density.

Attrition in longitudinal studies of survivors of childhood cancer reduces these studies’ statistical power, introduces bias and threatens internal and external validity. This study investigated the variables associated with dropout of survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a trial investigating the effect of vitamin D and calcium supplementation and nutritional counseling on bone mineral density (BMD). Twenty-five participants withdrew from the study. Common reasons given for withdrawing were intolerance of the study drug, family hardship and schedule conflicts. Few statistically and clinically significant differences identified participants who completed the study. Nurses need to be aware of the reasons that participants withdraw from clinical trials, as they are in a strategic position to encourage patients to participate in health promotion studies.
A novel method for monitoring Mycobacterium bovis BCG trafficking with recombinant BCG expressing green fluorescent protein.

To better understand intracellular and extracellular trafficking of Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) when used as an intravesical agent in the treatment of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder, recombinant BCG (rBCG) expressing the jellyfish green fluorescent protein (GFP) was created. When the MB49.1 murine TCC cell line was incubated with GFP-expressing rBCG, internalization of the pathogen could be directly visualized by UV microscopy and quantitated by flow cytometry. The in vitro internalization of the GFP rBCG by the bladder tumor cells was temperature dependent, occurring most readily at 37 degrees C and being severely inhibited at 4 degrees C. Optimum internalization was achieved in vitro at a 10:1 BCG-to-tumor cell ratio over 24 h during which approximately 16% of the tumor cells became infected. Cytochalasin B, a phagocytosis inhibitor, abrogated the ingestion by almost 100% at a concentration of 200 micrograms/ml, indicating that contractile microfilaments likely played an important role in this process. By using mitomycin, a DNA cross-linking reagent, to inhibit proliferation of MB49.1 cells, clearance of about 40% of the green rBCG was achieved by 3 days postinfection. No significant difference between the GFP rBCG and wild-type BCG was observed in the ability to induce the expression of cell membrane proteins of major histocompatibility classes I and II, ICAM-I and -II, B7-1 and -2, of Fas from MB49.1 cells or cytokine production from mouse spleen cells. These results indicate that GFP rBCG may serve as a useful substitute for wild-type BCG in future studies of in vivo trafficking experimental and clinical immunotherapy.