cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Torture and Democratic Violence

. To understand the problem of torture in a democratic society, we have to take up a political-theological perspective. We must ask how violence creates political meaning. Torture is no more destructive and no more illiberal than other forms of political violence. The turn away from torture was not a turn away from violence, but a change in the locus of sacrifice: from scaffold to battlefield. Torture had been a ritual of mediation between sovereign and subject. Once sovereignty is located in the people, it no longer makes sense to speak of being sacrificed for the sovereign. Instead, sovereign presence is now realized in an act of self-sacrifice. The wars of modern nation-states have been acts of reciprocal self-sacrifice. Terror invokes torture in response because both speak a primitive language of political sacrifice, denying the enemy the privilege of self-sacrifice.
Successful behavioral strategy to unite mother and infant rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) after cesarean delivery.

Developmental studies of pre- to postnatal continuities in rhesus monkeys sometimes require infants be reared with their mothers. However, complications during pregnancy or experimental designs may require cesarean delivery. Owing to lack of published information on this subject, strategies are needed to introduce mothers to their infants following cesarean delivery. Using positive and negative reinforcement techniques we attempted to unite six infant rhesus macaques, Macaca mulatta, to their mothers following c-sections. For our seventh subject, we attempted to cross-foster an infant onto an unrelated female after she had undergone a cesarean surgery for a late-term spontaneous abortion. The mothers varied in age, parity, previous postnatal mothering experience with infants, housing earlier to delivery, and housing subsequent to introduction. Although there were large individual differences among the mother–infant pairs, all seven introductions were successful. The mothers learned to accept and care for their infants from the continuous application of operant conditioning techniques. These data suggest that mother-rearing following cesarean section is a realistic possibility whether required for clinical reasons or for proper experimental control. Furthermore, the ability to successfully mother-rear infants produced from cesarean delivery lessens the impact this potential confound of not being reared by their mothers exerts on many types of developmental studies. Am. J. Primatol. 71:510–522, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Exercise-Induced Near Syncope

This article provides a case study of a patient with exercised-induced near syncope. Intracardiac electrophysiologic study confirmed an intra-His block and a pacemaker was implanted.
Are women ready for the HPV vaccine

Abstract Objective. An HPV (human papillomavirus) vaccine will be available soon. Because vaccination for both boys and girls will be critical to reduce the incidence of this disease, we evaluated the willingness of women to accept the HPV vaccine and to consent to having their children vaccinated. Methods. A 20-item questionnaire was distributed to women who had children between the ages of 8 and 14 years, the likely age range of the children who will be targeted to receive the vaccine. Results. 200 women completed surveys. The median age for the respondents was 34.4 years (range, 23–53 years). 77% of the women surveyed would be willing to accept an HPV vaccine for themselves. 67% who had a daughter ( n = 156) and 66% who had a son ( n = 137) would consent to have their child vaccinated. Those not accepting the vaccine cited the risk of unknown adverse effects or their current lack of sexual activity. Women who would not consent to have their children vaccinated cited the risk of unknown adverse effects and their belief that their children are not sexually active. Male children not directly benefiting from the vaccine were also a reason for not considering the vaccine for sons. A history of an abnormal Papanicolaou smear was not associated with willingness to accept the vaccine. Conclusions. This pilot study demonstrated a willingness of women to accept the HPV vaccine for themselves and their children. Gynecologists and gynecologic oncologists must focus not only on the diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer but also on its prevention.
Monofluorophosphate is hydrolyzed by alkaline phosphatase and mimics the actions of NaF on skeletal tissues, in vitro.

These studies were intended to assess the osteogenic activity of monofluorophosphate (MFP)in vitro, and to identify the enzyme(s) responsible for MFP hydrolysis—alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and/or acid phosphatase (AcP). ALP and AcP activities were determined by hydrolysis of p-nitrophenylphosphate (PNPP) at pH>8 and pH 5.5, respectively, and MFP hydrolysis was determined, between pH 5.5 and pH 9.0, from measurements of [fluoride ion], using an ion-specific electrode. We found (1) that MFP was an alternative substrate for purified ALP, but not for AcP; (2) that MFPase activity in the embryonic chick resembled ALP, but not AcP, with respect to pH-dependent hydrolysis, sensitivity to effectors (r=0.98,P<.001), and tissue distribution (r=0.96,P <.001); and (3) that intestinal MFPase activity in the embryonic chick co-purified with ALP activity (r=0.93,P<.01) and resembled ALP, but not AcP, in its distribution along the small intestine, being highest in the duodenum and lowest in the distal ileum (r=0.96,P<.001). We also found thatin vitro exposure to MFP increased (1) the proliferation rate of embryonic chick calvarial cells in serum-free monolayer cultures (i.e.,3[H]-thymidine incorporation into DNA,P<.001); (2) ALP activity in calvarial cells (P<.005) and in intact calvaria (P<.05); and (3) collagen production by intact calvaria (i.e.,3[H]-proline incorporation as3[H]-hydroxyproline,P<.05). Together these data indicate that ALP, and not AcP, is responsible for MFP hydrolysis, and that MFP can mimic the osteogenic actions of NaF,in vitro.
Return-to-duty rates among US military combat-related amputees in the global war on terror: Job description matters

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to identify the differences seen between military occupation services (MOS) in terms of amputation patterns, subsequent disabling conditions, and their ability to return to duty. METHODS: A retrospective study of major extremity amputations sustained by US service members between October 1, 2001, and July 30, 2011, was performed. Data obtained from the amputation database, Joint Trauma Theater Database, and the Physical Evaluation Board Liaison Office included demographics, amputation location(s), Injury Severity Scores (ISSs), disabling conditions, disability ratings, and disposition status. RESULTS: There were 1,221 major extremity amputees identified during the specified time frame, of which 899 had data regarding disabling conditions, ratings, and disposition. All service branches were represented. Personnel from the US Army (USA) Infantry were significantly (p Language: en
Stochastic active and reactive power dispatch in electricity markets with wind power volatility

This paper proposes a stochastic multiobjective optimization algorithm for simultaneous active and reactive power dispatch in electricity markets with wind power volatility. Considering only economic issues during market clearing will achieve minimum system payment but may not yield an efficient and secure system operating point. Therefore, maximizing expected voltage security margin and minimizing transmission congestion probability are incorporated into the proposed multiobjective function. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, five average deviation indices and a spider diagram are introduced to evaluate the proposed algorithm.
A randomized O(m log m) time algorithm for computing Reeb graphs of arbitrary simplicial complexes

Given a continuous scalar field ƒ: X → where X is a topological space, a level set of ƒ is a set {x ∈ X : ƒ (x) = α} for some value α ∈ IR. The level sets of ƒ can be subdivided into connected components. As α changes continuously, the connected components in the level sets appear, disappear, split and merge. The Reeb graph of ƒ encodes these changes in connected components of level sets. It provides a simple yet meaningful abstraction of the input domain. As such, it has been used in a range of applications in fields such as graphics and scientific visualization. In this paper, we present the first sub-quadratic algorithm to compute the Reeb graph for a function on an arbitrary simplicial complex K. Our algorithm is randomized with an expected running time O(m log n), where m is the size of the 2-skeleton of K (i.e, total number of vertices, edges and triangles), and n is the number of vertices. This presents a significant improvement over the previous Θ(mn) time complexity for arbitrary complex, matches (although in expectation only) the best known result for the special case of 2-manifolds, and is faster than current algorithms for any other special cases (e.g, 3-manifolds). Our algorithm is also very simple to implement. Preliminary experimental results show that it performs well in practice.
Rapid Determination of Sulfide in Tannery Wastewater by Flow Injection Spectrophotometry

A simple and rapid spectrophotometric method for flow injection determination of sulfite in tan wastewater is described. It was based on the fade reaction of sulfide ion with Ag (I)- (5-Bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethyl-aminophenol (5-Br-PADAP) in NaAc-HAc medium. The optimum conditions allow a linear calibration range of 0.01-1.10 μg ml-1 sulfide ion. The detection limit is 0.0043 μg ml-1 (S/N=3), and the relative standard deviation for night replicate measurements is 2.1% for 0.5μg ml-1 of sulfide ion. The procedure has been applied to the determination of sulfide in tannery wastewater. The results were in good agreement with those obtained by methylene blue spectrophotometric method.
Human erythrocyte membrane glycoprotein: a re-evaluation of the molecular weight as determined by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

Abstract Molecular weights for the human erythrocyte membrane glycoprotein and other glycoproteins calculated relative to protein standards on SDS acrylamide gel electrophoresis depend upon the percent crosslinking of gels. This anomaly is due to a decreased binding of SDS to the oligosaccharide side chains relative to the polypeptide backbone; removal of sialic acid fails to correct the anomaly. Previous molecular weights proposed for the human erythrocyte membrane glycoprotein utilizing SDS gel electrophoresis are probably incorrect and a new value of 55,000 is proposed based on corrected SDS-gel data.
Recurrent Shewanella putrefacians in a chronic peritoneal dialysis patient

The gram-negative marine bacterium Shewanella putrefaciens is an uncommon human pathogen. Five cases of S. putrefacians peritonitis during peritoneal dialysis (one acute and four chronic) have been reported previously. We report a case of S. putrefaciens peritonitis in a patient undergoing continuous cycler peritoneal dialysis. Our case is the first to be reported in a patient from the United States, with recurrence after initial treatment, and with acquired antibiotic resistance. Dial. Transplant.
Renal Artery Stenosis: Imaging Options, Pitfalls, and Concerns

Renal artery stenosis can be diagnosed with multiple imaging modalities, each one having different risk vs accuracy tradeoffs. Catheter angiography with pressure gradient measurements is the definitive gold standard but also the most invasive and thus reserved primarily for imaging at the time of renal revascularization. Ultrasonography is the safest and least expensive but also the least accurate and most operator-dependent. Contrast-enhanced computed tomographic angiography and magnetic resonance angiography are intermediate (between ultrasound and catheter angiography) with respect to accuracy and expense. Exciting new advances in magnetic resonance that include new contrast agents, which eliminate nephrogenic systemic fibrosis risk, and techniques to characterize the hemodynamic significance of renal artery stenoses are now becoming available. In addition, magnetic resonance angiography without any contrast has become more accurate and rivals contrast-enhanced techniques in some patients. This review explores these techniques for renal artery stenosis imaging.
Hybrid knowledge: the transnational co-production of the gas centrifuge for uranium enrichment in the 1960s

The ‘how’ and the ‘why’ of knowledge circulation is explored in a study of the encounter between American and British nuclear scientists and engineers who together developed a gas centrifuge to enrich uranium in the 1960s. A fine-grained analysis of the transnational encounter reveals that the ‘how’ engages a wide variety of sometimes mundane modes of exchange in a series of face-to-face interactions over several years. The ‘why’ is driven by the reciprocal wish to improve the performance of the centrifuge, though this motive is embedded in the asymmetric field of the ‘special relationship’ in nuclear matters between the United Kingdom and the United States. The result of the encounter is co-produced, hybrid knowledge in which the national provenance of the contributions from each side of the Atlantic is at once diluted and a contested site for the affirmation of national power.
Troponin I as a diagnostic marker of a perioperative myocardial infarction in the orthopedic population.

Abstract Study Objective: To assess the utility of troponin I, the only molecular marker of myocardial injury not expressed in regenerating muscle, in diagnosing perioperative myocardial infarction (MI) in the setting of orthopedic surgery where false elevations in creatine kinase MB isoenzymes (CKMB) are known to occur. Design: Prospective study. Setting: University-affiliated hospital. Patients: 85 patients with risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) who were scheduled for orthopedic surgery, including total knee arthroplasty, 34; total hip arthroplasty, 36; posterior spine fusion, 7; and other orthopedic operations, 8. Interventions: Patients were observed in the postanesthesia care unit for at least 24 hours where they had an electrocardiogram (ECG) performed, and blood drawn to rule out MI. Measurements: Blood samples for measurement of creatine kinase MB isoenzymes (CKMB) and troponin I were drawn at 8-hour intervals for up to 24 hours. Main results: Five (5/85) patients had elevated levels of both CKMB and troponin I postoperatively. New ECG abnormalities were present in all but one patient who had an old anterolateral MI. Troponin I peaked within 16 hours except in one patient where it continued to increase. That female patient developed cardiogenic pulmonary edema. All the others did well clinically. Six patients (6/85) had a positive CKMB index, and a negative troponin I level. None had ECG changes, except for one in whom subsequent cardiac catheterization showed insignificant CAD. They all did well clinically. All patients with an elevated troponin I level had a positive CKMB index. Conclusions: Troponin I is as sensitive a marker of MI as CKMB in the orthopedic population, but it has a higher specificity in the perioperative setting. Troponin I can be helpful in properly identifying the source of CKMB elevation postoperatively when this elevation is questionable.
Academia-academia-industry collaborations on software engineering projects using local-remote teams

It is widely recommended by both academia and industry that today's technology and software engineering students be well prepared for industry before graduation, especially given global outsourcing and other trends. Various methods have been developed to ensure student readiness, including co-ops and capstone courses. These approaches increasingly use real-world projects for their benefits to industry and often to the community at large. In this paper, we argue that students can be prepared to effectively join industry and keep the US technology workforce competitive through a curriculum that includes a theoretical software engineering course with real-world projects and the collaboration of paired teams across two or more universities. We present a case study of a successful teaching experience that features these aspects, and describe the outcome along with the unique perspective of a participating student.
An Examination of Bias in Volunteer Subject Selection: Findings from an In-Depth Child Abuse Study

Remarkably few reported studies tested the assumption that a research sample can be constructed which is representative of the population of interest. In order to investigate potential volunteer bias in abuse research, we utilized a database assembled for an NIMH funded study investigating the relationship among adolescent physical abuse, suicidal behavior, and psychopathology. Extensive information was available concerning the nonparticipant pool from which this sample was assembled, allowing for a comprehensive assessment of possible sample bias. The volunteer sample of 99 abused families who agreed to participate in our study was compared on a large number of variables with a random sample of 99 abused families who declined to participate. Comparisons of the two groups did not support the hypothesis that the non-participating families represented a more dysfunctional population. The two groups were far more similar to, than disparate from, each other.
Survival in hydralazine-treated hypertensive patients with and without late toxicity.

Abstract Part I, Average diastolic pressure was examined in two groups of white patients during 10 yr of treatment with hydralazine for significant hypertension. The first group consisted of 42 patients who developed late toxic reactions to hydralazine. The control group consisted of 42 similarly treated non-toxic patients matched for age, sex, and pre-treatment severity of hypertension. The average diastolic pressure was lower for the toxic patients throughout the period of hydralazine exposure. The effect was evident within a month of starting treatment; it was maximal during toxicity, and it apparently persisted long after the toxic patients discontinued ingesting hydralazine. More importantly, the once-toxic patients survived almost a third longer than their ‘matches’, and the number of survivors at both 10 and 15 yr after starting therapy was significantly greater for toxic than non-toxic patients. Finally, there was a marked difference in survival within the group of once-toxic patients, with those who continued markedly reduced doses of hydralazine for 18 months or more after toxic symptoms appeared, surviving more than twice as long as those who discontinued hydralazine within two months of their first toxic symptom. Part II, For 168 non-toxic white patients, whose hypertension was treated with hydralazine plus ganglioplegic agent, long-term survival was significantly related to therapeutic response as follows: (1) Patients with ‘controlled’ hypertension survived 60% longer than those with ‘partly controlled’ hypertension. (2) Patients who required 2 3 or less of their initial dose of hydralazine after a year of treatment survived 85% longer than those who required 3 2 or more of their initial dose. (3) Patients without leucopenia, anemia, or dysglobulinemia survived 50% longer than those with such changes. (4) Patients whose cholesterol levels fell more than 50 mg/100 ml of plasma below their pre-treatment values survived 70% longer than those whose levels increased.
Elasticities of substitution for a regulated cost function

Abstract This paper proposes a modification to the Uzawa (1962) characterization of the Allen partial elasticity of substitution under cost minimization to take account of the behavioral properties of the cost function for a firm subject to rate-of-return regulation.
Target assignment for robotic networks: Worst-case and stochastic performance in dense environments

Consider an equal number of mobile robotic agents and distinct target locations dispersed in an environment. Each agent has a limited communication range and knowledge of every target's position. We study the following target assignment problem: design a distributed algorithm with which the agents divide the targets among themselves and, simultaneously, move to their unique target. This paper focuses on "dense" environments, where the sum of the communication footprints is larger than the area of the environment. We introduce the class of monotonic algorithms, whose worst-case completion time is lower bounded by the area of the environment. We propose a monotonic algorithm called Grid Assgmt and characterize its asymptotic performance: First, the algorithm is an asymptotically optimal monotonic algorithm for worst-case initial conditions. Second, for uniformly randomly distributed agents and targets the completion time is upper bounded by the diameter of the environment with high probability. Third, if the number of agents exceeds the number of targets by a logarithmic factor, then the completion time is constant with high probability. Our algorithm also solves a sensor based target assignment problem where agents have no initial knowledge of target positions, but acquire them via limited range sensing.
Observations of parturition among captive patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas)

Six cases of labor and delivery by laboratory-housed patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas) are described. Five of the births occurred during the daytime, and the sixth occurred just after the usual "lights out" time. Although it was impossible to determine the actual onset of labor, the final 1.5-0.5 hr before parturition were observed in all cases. Throughout labor, females tended to begin a contraction every 2-4 min and contractions usually lasted 35-60 sec. Females did not show common patterns of change in contraction frequency or duration as birth neared. It was not possible to describe patas monkey labor and delivery in terms of "stages." Postpartum, females typically began cleaning their infants within 90 sec and picked them up within 5 min. Placental delivery times varied among females, as did the extent of placental consumption. One "mother-only" - reared female proved to be an inadequate mother.
The calculations of supersonic viscous flows using the parabolized Navier-Stokes equations

Solution of the parabolic Navier-Stokes (PNS) equations for supersonic flows is discussed, and compatibility of the PNS method with the triple-deck theory of Stewartson (1974) is demonstrated. Characteristic and stability analyses show that use of an appropriate filter on the pressure term in the x-momentum equation can suppress the departure solutions, giving the usual desired weak interaction solution. An Alternating Direction Explicit procedure, with minimal computer storage requirements compared to the full Navier-Stokes solvers, is proposed to calculate strongly interacting flows using a global iteration procedure for the PNS equations. The PNS equations are used to solve the hypersonic viscous interaction problem, and good agreement is found with experimental results.
Effect of increasing oil from distillers grains or corn oil on lactation performance.

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate production response and more specifically percentage and yield of fat in milk from dairy cows fed distillers grains with added solubles (DGS). It was hypothesized that the oil present in DGS would decrease milk fat yield. Four dietary treatments consisted of dried DGS replacing soybean meal and soybean hulls. The DGS inclusion rates as a percentage of dry matter (DM) were 0, 5, 10, and 15% DGS. To determine the role of oil in DGS, a fifth diet similar to 0% DGS with added corn oil (OIL) was included. Twenty multiparous Holsteins were assigned to a replicated, 5 × 5 Latin Square design with periods of 21 d. Diets were formulated to have similar crude protein and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentration. Feeding OIL or 15% DGS resulted in similar production of milk, milk protein, and milk fat. Increasing dietary DGS linearly increased milk production and milk true protein yield. Adding corn oil increased milk yield and, although milk true protein yield also tended to increase with oil, milk true protein concentration decreased. The addition of DGS or OIL did not significantly change fat yield from 0% DGS; however, fat concentration in milk was significantly decreased by DGS due to increased fluid milk production. In diets containing approximately 28% NDF, cottonseed, blood and fish meal, feeding DGS to bring total dietary fatty acids to 5% of diet DM increased milk and milk protein yield without decreasing milk fat yield. Reduced proportions of shorter chain fatty acids and increased proportions of longer chain fatty acids in milk as dietary fatty acid content increased suggests that de novo fatty acid synthesis in the mammary gland was inhibited but this was offset by increased secretion of long-chain fatty acids, presumably absorbed from the diet. Therefore, our hypothesis that feeding corn oil either as DGS or as pure corn oil would decrease milk fat yield was not correct.
New type of compositional zoning in calcite: Insights into crystal-growth mechanisms

Compositional zoning of trace elements is observed in time-equivalent regions within 10 \(\overline{1}\) 4 growth sectors of natural and synthetic calcite single crystals, and has been called "intrasectoral zoning" to distinguish it from conventional sectoral zoning. Differential interference contrast microscopy shows that {101 \(\overline{1}\) 4} faces grow by the spiral mechanism. Cathodoluminescence microscopy and electron probe microanalyses reveal that trace element partitioning differences on {101 \(\overline{1}\) 4} faces correspond exactly to crystallographically controlled orientations of growth steps. Effective partitioning of Mg and Mn varies up to a factor of four between time-correlative growth steps spreading in different directions. Effective Sr partitioning varies by approximately 20% and is inversely correlated with enrichment trends of Mg and Mn. Preferential incorporation of different aqueous species at different growth steps may provide an explanation for morphological and chemical variation in natural calcites.
The Application of a Simple Method for the Verification of Weather Forecasts and Seasonal Variations in Forecast Accuracy

The evaluation of weather forecast accuracy has always been a difficult subject to address for many reasons. In this study, a simple semiobjective method is used to examine the accuracy of zone forecasts issued by the Weldon Spring (Saint Louis) National Weather Service (NWS) Office for mid-Missouri over a period of 416 days with the goal of demonstrating the utility of this method. Zone forecasts were chosen because these forecasts are typically what the public will receive either directly or indirectly from various media outlets. Not surprising, the evaluation method used here demonstrates that forecasts issued by the NWS and the Nested Grid Model (NGM) model output statistics (MOS) represent a considerable improvement over persistence or climatological baseline forecasts. NWS forecasts were slightly better than NGM MOS forecasts, especially when considering temperature and precipitation only. All forecasts showed distinct seasonal variability. The NWS winter-season forecasts were superior to those issued in the summer season, and this superiority was found to be a function of the precipitation forecast parameter. This technique might represent an easily understandable and concise method for providing weather forecast performance information to the general public in such a way that it would instill or reinforce public confidence in the accuracy of weather forecasts.
Ontogeny of bill color in male Streamertail Hummingbirds ( Trochilus )

Gill et al. (Condor 75:170-176, 1973) concluded on the basis of male bill color that the Red-billed Streamertail ( Trochilus polytmus ) and Black-billed Streamertail ( T. scitulus ) hybridized where their geographic ranges meet in eastern Jamaica. Schuchmann (1978) questioned the existence of a hybrid zone, arguing that bill color was an unreliable indicator of hybridization because the extent of red coloration in T. polytmus increased with age. Here I show that males of T. polytmus attain adult bill color with the completion of the first prebasic molt. Bill color thus provides a genuine marker of hybridization in males in first basic or definitive basic plumage. Gill et al. (Condor 75:170-176, 1973) concluyeron sobre la base del color del pico que el Colibri de Pico Rojo ( Polytmus trochilus ) y el de Pico Negro ( T. scitulus ) se hibridizan en las areas donde sus distribuciones geograficas se superponen en el Este de Jamaica. Schuchmann (1978) cuestiono la existencia de una zona de hibridacion, argumentando que el color del pico no era un indicador fiable de la hibridacion porque el grado de coloracion roja en T. polytmus aumenta con la edad. Aqui se muestra que los machos de T. polytmus alcanzan el color del pico adulto con el completamiento de la primera muda prebasica. El color del pico por tanto provee un indicador genuino de hibridacion en los machos en los plumajes basicos primarios o definitivos. Gill et al. (Condor 75:170-176, 1973) ont conclu sur la base de la couleur du bec des mâles que le Colibri a tete noire ( Trochilus polytmus ) et Colibri a bec noir ( T. scitulus ) s’hybrident lorsque leurs aires de repartition se rencontrent dans l’est de la Jamaique. Schuchmann (1978) s’interroge sur l’existence d’une zone d’hybridation, faisant valoir que la couleur du bec n’est pas un indicateur fiable de l’hybridation, car l’etendue de la coloration rouge chez T. polytmus augmente avec l’âge. Je montre ici que les mâles de T. polytmus acquierent une couleur d’adulte a la fin de leur premiere mue pre-basique. La couleur du bec fournit ainsi un veritable marqueur de l’hybridation chez les mâles en plumage basique (non-nicheur).
Attraction of Western Grapeleaf Skeletonizer Males (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) to S-(+)-2-Butyl-(Z)-7-Tetradecenoate

Peak catches of male Harrisina brillians Barnes & McDunnough in traps baited with the sex pheromone S-(+)-2-butyl-(Z)-7-tetradecenoate were first obtained at a dosage of 100 µg per septum (estimated release rate of 8.6 ng/h). At higher dosages, trap catches were not significantly greater. Addition of the R-(−) enantiomer to 500 µg s-(+)-2-butyl-(Z)-7-tetradecenoate per septum had no effect at 3 or 9% but significantly reduced trap catches at 23 and 50%. In a comparison of the 500-µg dosage of the S-(+) enantiomer and unmated female H. brillians moths in traps, female-baited traps attracted 2.5 times as many males as did pheromone-baited traps. It is suggested that additional pheromone components are produced by calling female H. brillians .
Proportioned Carbohydrate: Protein Diet in the Management of Parkinson's Disease

The entry of Levodopa into the brain is limited by competition with large neutral amino acids (LNAA). A strict low protein diet improves motor fluctuations but might lead to protein malnutrition. B...
Atomistic Simulations of Nanoporous Anodic Aluminum Oxide

Nanoporous membranes based on anodized aluminum oxide are prepared with atomic level control of pore dimensions and pore wall compositions by atomic layer deposition and are under investigation for use in catalysis. Simulation and modeling help to understand reactivity in confined geometry and to develop rational design of these new materials. In this context, we present results of molecular dynamics simulations of amorphous aluminum oxide surfaces. The surface structure is discussed in terms of density profiles, bond angle distributions and coordination numbers of surface atoms.
The origin of lift forces in fluttering flight

A two-dimensional nonlinear integro-differential equation with time-varying coefficients describing the behavior of the fluttering wing-body systems typical of natural flight mechanisms has been deduced from the Navier-Stokes equation which generalizes local pressure and velocity distributions in the externally oscillating air field. The resulting equation for the wing forces is combined with an analogous expression for the forces of gravitation and acceleration associated with the body. The air acceleration force, not previously considered in bio-physical models of insect and bird flight, is shown to arise from a formal analysis of unsteady or time-varying contributions to the velocity field, while the square form of the conventional steady state aerodynamic forces is derived from the intertial terms in the Navier-Stokes equation with the aid of the approximations of Newtonian impact theory. Previous calculations (Houghton, 1964) have indicated that the contribution to gravitational stability of air acceleration and aerodynamic life are roughly in the ratio of 3:1.
HIERARCHICAL GROUPING PROCEDURES FOR COMPARING INDICES OF LETTER SIMILARITY

A theoretical basis for the perceptual congruency of lower-case letters in Century Schoolbook font was advanced through factor analysis of a matrix of letter congruencies (Dunn-Rankin, et a!., 1968) . The congruency indices in the matrix were based on measures of the common area between letter pairs where letter rotation was allowed in order to achieve a "best fit." This analysis produced groups of letters with graphically similar features. An empirical study of the similarities among the 2 1 most commonly used lower-case letters in Century Schoolbook font was carried out with 315 second g a d e pupils (DunnRankin, in press). Ss' task was to identify which of a pair of letters was most like a target letter. The analysis of the matrix of similarity indices also produced groups of letters with similar features. In order to compare [he theoretical and empirical approaches to letter similarity, the predictive efficiency of the cwo matrices was subjected to cluster analysis (Ward, 1961) . Using the 21 letters common to both studies as independent predictors, letter sets were formed in hierarchical order by assembling together those letters which resulted in smallest contribution to the total within group sum of squares (SSE), i.e., the rotal variation among the 21 letters was used as a function to be minimally increased at each grouping step. The total SSE for the empirical analysis was 38.87 and for the theoretical analysis 38.05. The separate within group deviations and the ptoportions of the total deviation for each group are given in Table A,' Fig. 1 illustrates the hierarchical grouping for the two sets of data. The numbers in each rectangular bracket in Fig. 1 give the order in which the groups were formed. The group b-d was the first empirically formed group, for example. The heavier horizontal lines indicate the letters included in each hierarchical grouping step. The vertical lines also illustrate the ratio of within-group to total group deviation. The 11 orders presented for grouping the letters on the basis of the theoretical indices accumulated 15 .2% of the SSE and the 1 3 orders presented for the empirical groupings accounted for 15.5% of the SSE. It can be observed that the letters 6-d-p, c-e, n-u, and f-t were grouped similarly for both theoretical and empirical data. Three groups, o-c-e, n-u-m, and f-t-i-1, are also found in both cases but not before the letters a-s, w, and k are interposed in the respective groups. These letters, along with h, are exceptions to an otherwise excellent fit between the two sets of data.
Epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Sujiatun District of Shenyang City from 2006-2010

[Objective] To master the disease intensity and epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Sujiatun District of Shenyang City,provide the basis for developing the prevention measures and evaluating the implementation effect.[Methods] The epidemic data of varicella in Sujiatun District were analyzed with descriptive epidemiology method.[Results] During 2006-2010,the average annual incidence rate of varicella in Sujiatun District of Shenyang City was 91.47/lakh,and the male-to-female ratio was 1.20∶ 1.The reported incidence rate in males was 98.45/lakh,and that in females was 84.32/lakh(P0.01).76.02% of total cases in the whole year occurred in January,April to June,November and December.The student cases and kindergarten children cases respectively accounted for 64.74% and 15.66% of total reported cases.79.86% of total reported cases were people aged 4-19 years old.[Conclusion] There are obvious seasonal peak and occupational peak of varicella in Sujiatun District.According to the epidemiological characteristics of varicella,it is necessary to implement prevention and control measures,strengthen the dynamic surveillance for early warning of varicella epidemic trend,and complete the emergency treatment of outbreak to effectively control the epidemic spread.
A brief review of the effects of chronic hydrocephalus on the gonadotropin releasing hormone system: Implications for amenorrhea and precocious puberty

Precocious puberty and amenorrhea have been associated with hydrocephalus, but the pathogenesis has not been determined. Approximately 22 cases of amenorrhea, and a few cases of precocious puberty, have been reported in hydrocephalic patients. Shunt treatment leads to initiation and maintenance of normal reproductive cycles in most cases. An underlying mechanism responsible for reproductive dysfunction may involve the role of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH). The exact pathway by which hydrocephalus disrupts the hypothalamic GnRH system is unknown. However, compressive forces, ischemia, and impairment of neurotransmitter feedback loops are likely candidates.
Studies of the effects of ventricular fibrillation on the adequacy of regional myocardial flow. 3. Mechanisms of ischemia.

This report analyzes the mechanisms of subendocardial ischemia during ventricular fibrillation in normal and hypertrophied hearts and focuses primarily upon (1) the role of the fibrillating stimulus, (2) how ventricular distention impedes flow, and (3) why coronary vascular resistance progressively rises as the duration of fibrillation is prolonged. The forces interacting to impede the adequacy of flow to the subendocardium during ventricular fibrillation are (1) the compressive forces exerted on subendocardial muscle by the strength of fibrillation, (2) the compressive forces resulting from raised intracavitary pressure due to occlusion or malfunction of the ventricular vent, and (3) the evolution of myocardial edema as the ischemia is prolonged. These compressive forces may become exaggerated in hypertrophied hearts where increased wall thickness may add to the distortion of subendocardial vessels.
Contraction Stress Testing for Primary Fetal Surveillance in Patients at High Risk for Uteroplacental Insufficiency

With the development of the nipple stimulation method for inducing uterine contractions, contraction stress testing has become much simpler, less time-consuming, and less expensive. And since the risk of fetal death in high risk patients followed with nonstress surveillance is 8 times higher, it would appear that the contraction stress test would be the current choice for primary surveillance. The test is described and guidelines for its clinical use are offered.
A joint performance model of TCP and TFRC with mobility management protocols: Research Articles

At the forefront of the recent advances in mobile networks, is the development of sophisticated mobility management mechanisms that are usually based on Mobile IP and its derivatives. Based on these mobility management protocols, several studies that characterize transport protocol performance have been presented. In this work we move one step further, and present a joint performance evaluation model of TCP and TFRC, with the underlying IP-based mobility protocols. We develop stochastic models that can characterize the protocol performance during handoffs between heterogeneous wireless networks like WLAN, cellular, or WMAN. We present performance evaluation results for validating the developed models under a set of different handoff scenarios. The developed model can be utilized as a basis for further analytical evaluation of new mobility management protocols, allowing thus a fast and accurate comparison. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Examination of behavioral flexibility and function of severe challenging behavior in individuals with autism and intellectual disability

Objectives: Behavioral flexibility may be an important aspect of the occurrence of challenging behavior in individuals with autism and intellectual disability (ID). The primary purpose of the current study was to examine the scores on the Behavioral Flexibility Rating Scale-Revised (BFRS-R) across two groups of individuals with autism: those with ID (AID) and those without ID (A). These scores were then compared to the outcome of each participant’s functional analysis. In addition, we evaluated the relationship between these scores and reported adaptive behavior (Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale) within each group.Methods: The BFRS-R is a survey measure of the degree of an individual’s behavioral inflexibility. Specifically, the BFRS-R identifies those contexts in which challenging behavior is most likely to occur. In the current study, the BFRS-R, functional analysis of challenging behavior outcome, and Vineland II scores were correlated using a Mann–Whitney test for 110 individuals admitted to a special...
Spiroan Traders, the Sanders Site, and the Plains Interaction Sphere: A Reply to Bruseth, Wilson, and Perttula

Bruseth, Wilson, and Perttula (1995) reject my hypothesis that the Sanders site was a Spiroan entrepot, asserting that it is contradicted by much of the archaeological record of northeastern Texas and southeastern Oklahoma and reasserting the traditional view that Sanders is the type site for a regional focus, or phase, of Caddo culture. I contend that the 50-year-old Sanders focus is an ill founded, unsupportable hypothesis that Alex D. Krieger developed after James B. Griffin rejected his original, essentially correct, interpretation of the graves at Sanders as evidence of a Mississippian intrusion in the Red River Valley. The archaeological, biogeographical, and bioanthropological evidence supports my hypothesis that Sanders was an outpost maintained by long-distance Spiroan traders procuring Osage orange bows for exchange with peoples on the southern Plains.
Millimeter Wave Diagnostics for Vitrification Plants

Millimeter-wave (MMW) techniques and technologies provide robust new diagnostic tools for glass melt measurements that are addressing needs for vitrification of high level and low activity nuclear wastes in glass media at the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) in Savannah River and the Waste Treatment Plant (WTP) under construction at Hanford. Over the past seven years, we have demonstrated real-time measurement of several glass melt parameters, e.g., viscosity, cold-cap temperature, foaming, and pouring. An overview of MMW diagnostics for vitrification plants is presented.
Design of coordinated multi-point (CoMP) transmission and reception schemes for the fourth generation cellular downlink

In this paper we consider the design of coordinated multi-point transmission and reception schemes for the fourth generation cellular downlink, wherein a set of disparate transmission points serve multiple users on an available spectrum. For efficient resource allocation the set of transmission points is partitioned into several clusters and each cluster is pre-assigned a separate set of users that it should serve. Our focus in this paper is on joint resource allocation (joint scheduling) using all the transmission points in a cluster.We adopt a two-step approach for this joint resource allocation problem. The first step determines a feasible user selection using a suitable approximation algorithm after making certain simplifying assumptions on the transmit precoders that can be employed. In the second step, which is also our main contribution, the transmit precoders are fine tuned for a given user selection and per-antenna transmit power constraints are enforced.
The Impact of Local Tumor Control on the Outcome in Human Cancer

The impact of local tumor control on the outcome in human cancer has been an issue of debate in the recent literature. Obviously, this question is primarily relevant in patients receiving treatment for tumors still confined to their original local or local-regional sites. While it is obvious that eradication of the primary tumor is essential for the achievement of cure, several investigators have argued that the presence of incurable micrometastases from spread before initial diagnosis is the most important determinant of the ultimate fate in early-stage patients (DeVita et al. 1986; Suit 1982). Concerns have, therefore, been raised that efforts to improve local control will be offset by the eventual development of metastatic disease and will thus represent a futile endeavor in many types of tumors. However, while relapse due to early micrometastatic dissemination is a relevant pattern of failure in a fraction of, locally controlled patients, recent retrospective studies have demonstrated that local recurrence at the primary tumor site is associated with a significant increase in metastatic disease in nearly every type of tumor tested (Fuks et al. 1991a; Leibel et al. 1991b). Some investigators have interpreted these data as indicating that local failure represents a “marker” for tumors with a high propensity for metastatic dissemination, and therefore, improvements in local control are unlikely to affect the outcome in a major way (Fisher et al. 1991; Walsh 1987). On the other hand, recent studies on the temporal relationship between local recurrence and the first detection of metastatic disease in the same patients are most consistent with the hypothesis that distant metastases in such patients are derived from residual tumor clonogens which acquire a metastatic potential after the failure to eradicate the primary tumor (Fuks et al. 1991a; Leibel et al. 1991b). These observations indicate a possible causative relationship between local relapse and metastatic spread and highlight the relative importance of local control as a biological determinant that impacts on the metastatic outcome and the likelihood of survival. This review discusses some of these issues in the context of the need to develop new therapeutic methods for improving local control in human tumors.
Health at the Margins: Paul Farmer, Haiti, and the Transnational Disciplining of Bodies

This paper reexamines the ethnographic work of Paul Farmer in Haiti from the theoretical perspective of the margins (Das and Poole 2004). I will argue that the disciplining of Haiti as a margin on the macro, transnational level though “development” causes violence, which, in addition to being structured, is inscribed upon the bodies of individuals who live at the margins. I will demonstrate how violence can be tracked from the macro factors, like transnational economic inequality, down to their inscription on individual human bodies. I will use various theoretical perspectives, including the anthropology of the state, to show that Haiti represented an unruly margin and was disciplined through “development” efforts, like the building of a hydroelectric dam in the Haitian community in which Farmer works. I will use the same theoretical lens to further show that because the margins must be disciplined, they necessarily entail and are even constituted by violence. This violence manifests in two distinct forms, structural violence and physical suffering that is inscribed upon human bodies. Farmer discusses at length the role of structural violence, or increased risk, in the atrocious health outcomes in rural Haiti. This form of violence is less visible than the physical suffering of human bodies that occurs at the iterative and intersecting margins of Haitian society, which I illustrate through Farmer’s ethnographic example. Lastly, I suggest that through a service-oriented method and the act of witnessing violence in the ethnographic context, anthropology can take steps to ameliorate suffering.