cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
John D. Rockefeller, Jr., and the Interchurch World Movement of 1919–1920: A Different Angle on the Ecumenical Movement

There is a certain irony in the title of Eldon G. Ernst's Moment of Truth for Protestant America, the standard interpretation of the Interchurch World Movement (IWM) of 1919–1920, because this broad and generally perceptive study of the IWM is based primarily upon an elaborate falsification of the historical record. That falsification was perpetrated in a document entitled “History of the Interchurch World Movement” prepared under the direction of Raymond B. Fosdick. Fosdick, who was the lawyer and long-term adviser of John D. Rockefeller, Jr., had the document compiled precisely to conceal the real role Rockefeller played in the organization. Research in Rockefeller's papers reveals the truth about his role and thereby illumines a significant aspect of the ecumenical movement and its relationship to wider historical trends. This overlooked aspect from the background of the liberal side of the fundamentalist controversy is particularly pertinent today as tensions mount between those who identify themselves as “liberals” and those who claim to lead a “moral majority” of resurgent conservatism. Perhaps Washington Gladden, the old social gospel advocate, was not entirely wrong when he referred to a Rockefeller contribution as “tainted money,” however idealistic Rockefeller's motives may have been.
Resonant coherent excitation in planar channeling

Abstract Planar channeled ions (velocity = ν ) experience a coherent periodic perturbation of frequency ν = υ / d , where d is the distance along the ion path between planes orthogonal to the channeling plane. The velocity at which a given RCE harmonic, ( l , k ), occurs is tuneable with θ. This additional degree of freedom allows the measurement of (1) velocity dependence of the static and dynamic ( (wake) field on the ion, and (2) coincidences in velocity for more than one resonance. Using the enhanced ionization technique, we report on RCE for N 5+ and N 6+ in (100) planar channeling in Au.
The impact of surgery in the management of the head and neck carcinoma involving the carotid artery.

Objectives/Hypothesis: To demonstrate the feasibility of the carotid artery dissection and/or resection and reanastomosis, and to show its positive impact on survival and disease control rates for the head and neck carcinomas involving the carotid artery. Study Design: Tertiary center (Comprehensive Cancer Center). Case series review. Methods: The data of 90 patients with head and neck malignancies involving the carotid artery were operated for the carotid artery dissection and/or resection, and reanastomosis in the last 10 years were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. Results: Eighty (89%) of the 90 patients' head and neck malignancies were squamous cell carcinoma. Fifty-two (65%) and 28 (35%) of 80 patients were recurrent and stage IV disease, respectively. There was no stage I to III disease. Carotid artery was dissected and preserved in 64 (71.1%) of the 90 patients. Eighteen (20%) of 90 patients needed carotid artery dissection with resection and reanastomosis. Eight (8.9%) patients were unresectable. Sixty (75%) of 80 patients needed reconstruction with regional or free flaps and grafts. Overall 2- and 5-year estimated survivals were 32.4% and 27.8% for all; 14.3% and 10.7% for recurrent; 64.3% and 57.8% for stage IV previously untreated; and 22.0% and 22.0% for carotid artery resected-reanastomosed patients, respectively. Conclusions: The carotid artery dissection without resection is an achievable goal in majority of patients with the advanced stage head and neck carcinoma involving the carotid artery. Resection and reanastomosis of carotid artery, especially in the previously untreated carotid involved patients, is a feasible surgery and achieves better survival and disease control rates when compared with the unresected or recurrent disease patients.
Late Effects in Adolescent Survivors of Childhood Cancer

Abstract The late effects examination must not be regarded as merely an academic exercise or routine by the nurse. Much study, documentation, and time is needed to learn more about potential effects of cancer treatment. Children diagnosed as having cancer are entitled to quality long-term follow-up. The nurse's role is extremely important in helping adolescents with a history of cancer face potential life changes. Prompt intervention may prevent further exaggeration of newly developed problems. The medical team must provide families with a concrete approach to any abnormalities or concerns. In addition, the late effects examination should furnish answers to questions the adolescent or his family may have regarding any aspect of the teen's past or present health. The adolescent who is noncompliant for scheduled clinic visits presents another challenge to the oncology nurse. Phone contact should be maintained with those teens and their parents. Although this level of communication is not optimal, pertinent data regarding growth and development, school or employment, and social status, along with current state of health and any recent progeny can be ascertained. Maintaining telephone contact may also convey the treatment center's commitment to quality long-term care and prompt the adolescent or his family to return to the clinic. Lastly, the documentation of adverse late effects of cancer therapy should be looked upon by those performing late effects examinations as a strong incentive to continue the search for less toxic, but equally effective, treatment for childhood cancer.
An Extended Reliability Evaluation Framework for computer systems using fuzzy logic

Most existing reliability analyses provide a quantitative assessment of the overall system reliability assuming that the components of a system can operate only in two modes: completely operational or non-operational. We have developed an Extended Reliability Evaluation Framework (X-REF) to compute the system reliability in a quantitative form as well as in a qualitative form. In the extended framework, the components of a computer system can operate in any number of degraded modes of operation. The state of a component is given by a reliability profile which represents the component's reliability values and their associated degree of certainty. The inputs needed for X-REF are component reliability profiles and the fault tree of the system. An effective technique is developed to combine these component reliability profiles using the fault tree as a configuration to represent system failure for computing the overall reliability profile of the system. >
Subcellular distribution of endogenous long chain acylcarnitines during hypoxia in adult canine myocytes.

Objective: Previous studies from our laboratory showed a pronounced increase in the sarcolemmal accumulation of long chain acylcarnitines in isolated neonatal rat myocytes after a prolonged (60 minute) hypoxic interval. Because much shorter intervals of hypoxia are associated with electrophysiological alterations in adult cells, the present study was performed to assess the extent of sarcolemmal accumulation of long chain acylcarnitines during hypoxia in adult canine myocytes. Methods: Cells were incubated (for 24 hours) with 3H-carnitine and the uniformity of incorporation into carnitine fractions was verified biochemically. Cells were exposed to hypoxia (Po2<15 mm Hg) for 10 or 20 minutes in the presence or absence of sodium 2-[5-(4-chlorophenyl)-pentyl]-oxirane-2-carboxylate (POCA; 10 μM), an inhibitor of carnitine acyltransferase I. Cells were processed for electron microscopical autoradiography with a technique to spatially fix endogenous long chain acylcarnitines with selective and complete removal of short chain and free carnitine. Grain distributions were analysed by the maximum likelihood method from digitised micrographs. Results: Total mass of long chain acylcarnitines increased ninefold [42.3(3.3) to 374(42) pmol·mg−1 protein] by 10 minutes of hypoxia and 15-fold [to 632(36) nmol·mg−1 protein] by 20 minutes of hypoxia. Normoxic cells exhibited little long chain acylcarnitines in the sarcolemma, and modest amounts in mitochondria and cytoplasm. In hypoxic cells, content of long chain acylcarnitines in mitochondria and cytoplasm increased by a maximum of twofold. By contrast, long chain acylcarnitines increased 100-fold in the sarcolemma to 4.18×106 molecules·μm−3 after 10 minutes of hypoxia. The increase in long chain acylcarnitines with hypoxia was completely prevented by pretreatment with POCA. Conclusion: Hypoxia in adult ventricular myocytes induces a rapid and preferential increase in endogenous long chain acylcarnitines within the sarcolemma. Cardiovascular Research 1993; 27 :1237-1243
On p2p networks and p2p-based content discovery on the internet

The Internet has evolved into a medium centered around content: people watch videos on YouTube, share their pictures via Flickr, and use Facebook to keep in touch with their friends. Yet, the only globally deployed service to discover content—i.e., Domain Name System (DNS)—does not discover content at all; it merely translates domain names into locations. The lack of persistent naming, in particular, makes content discovery, instead of domain discovery, challenging. Content Distribution Networks (CDNs), which augment DNSs with location-awareness, also suffer from the same problem of lack of persistent content names. Recently, several infrastructure- level solutions to this problem have emerged, but their fundamental limitation is that they fail to preserve the autonomy of network participants. Specifically, the storage requirements for resolution within each participant may not be proportional to their capacity. Furthermore, these solutions cannot be incrementally deployed. To the best of our knowledge, content discovery services based on peer-to-peer (P2P) networks are the only ones that support persistent content names. These services also come with the built-in advantage of scalability and deployability. However, P2P networks have been deployed in the real-world only recently, and their real-world characteristics are not well understood. It is important to understand these real-world characteristics in order to improve the performance and propose new designs by identifying the weaknesses of existing designs. In this dissertation, we first propose a novel, lightweight technique for capturing P2P traffic. Using our captured data, we characterize several aspects of P2P networks and draw conclusions about their weaknesses. Next, we create a botnet to demonstrate the lethality of the weaknesses of P2P networks. Finally, we address the weaknesses of P2P systems to design a P2P-based content discovery service, which resolves the drawbacks of existing content discovery systems and can operate at Internet-scale. This dissertation includes both previously published/unpublished and co-authored material.
Flat-plate aerodynamics at very low Reynolds number

Gas flow over a flat-plate airfoil at very-low Reynolds number is investigated in order to understand the aerodynamic issues related to micro air vehicle design and performance. Studies have shown that such low Reynolds number flow exhibits rarefied phenomena and a flat plate having a thickness ratio of 5% has better aerodynamic performance than conventional streamlined airfoils. This paper simulates air flows over a 5% flat plate using a hybrid continuum–particle approach for flows having a Mach number of 0.2 and a Reynolds number varying between 1 and 200. Investigation shows that low Reynolds number flows are viscous and compressible, and rarefied effects increase when the Reynolds number decreases. It is also found that there is a minimum lift slope for the plate airfoil at a Reynolds number near 10 and the drag coefficient monotonically increases with decreasing Reynolds number.
Overexpression of Human Catalase Gene Decreases Oxidized Lipid-Induced Cytotoxicity in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Abstract —Reactive oxygen metabolites such as hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and oxidized fatty acids are proinflammatory and are involved in the pathophysiology of various diseases including atherosclerosis. The effects of these oxidants could be inhibited by the external addition of an antioxidant, suggesting the promotion or propagation of further oxidation. In this study, we describe the stable overexpression of human catalase in smooth muscle cells and the resistance of these cells to cytotoxicity induced not only by the addition of H 2 O 2 but also by the addition of 13-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid (13-HPODE). The results pose an intriguing possibility of the generation of H 2 O 2 from a peroxidized fatty acid. Accordingly, incubation of cells with both 13-HPODE and 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid resulted in the generation of intracellular H 2 O 2 . To explain the observed results by which catalase could overcome the effects of 13-HPODE, we propose that oxidized fatty acids are degraded in the cellular peroxisomes, resulting in the generation of H 2 O 2 . In other words, the cellular effects of peroxidized fatty acids could be attributed to the generation of H 2 O 2 .
Ductile phase toughening of molybdenum disilicide by low pressure plasma spraying

The low fracture toughness of MoSi{sub 2} at ambient temperature has prompted investigations into new processing methods in order to impart some degree of fracture toughness into this inherently brittle material. In the following investigation, low pressure plasma spraying was employed as a fabricating technique to produce spray-formed deposits of MoSi{sub 2} and ductile reinforced MoSi{sub 2} composites containing approximately 10 and 20 volume percent of a discontinuous tantalum lamelli reinforcement. Fracture toughness (K{sub 1C}) measurements of MoSi{sub 2} and the MoSi{sub 2}/Ta composites were done using a chevron notched 4-point bend fracture toughness test in both the as-sprayed condition and after hot isostatic pressing at 1200{degrees}C/206 MPa for 1 hour. Results from the ductile reinforced MoSi{sub 2}/Ta composites have shown fracture toughness increases on the order of 200% over the as-sprayed MoSi{sub 2}. In addition, a marked anisotropy in fracture toughness was observed in the spray-formed deposits due to the layered splat structure produced by the low pressure plasma spray process.
Transaction cost framework in operations and supply chain management research: theory and measurement

Abstract Over the past decade, transaction cost theory (TCT) has received considerable attention from researchers in various disciplines of business. Unfortunately, the rich theoretical base of TCT has seen limited application in the operations and supply chain management research. This article seeks to change that by providing a cogent synthesis of TCT, its assumptions, constructs, and propositions. It also summarizes existing empirical work in management and other disciplines that draws from the TCT perspective and examines relationships in manufacturing organizations. A measurement model of transaction costs is subsequently presented using data from 203 manufacturing firms in the OEM electronics industry. Guidelines and recommendations for researchers are then presented regarding both the uses of the theory and its measurement. It is hoped that this study will stimulate work in the important areas of inter-firm relationships that draw from this rich but underutilized theoretical lens, and thereby add another perspective to the knowledge base in related areas of the operations and supply chain management fields.
Resonance energy of very large benzenoid hydrocarbons

The resonance energy of conjugated benzenoid systems is expressed as contributions arising from independent conjugated circuits. The scheme has been applied to numerous very large conjugated systems. In many cases, it was possible to find regularities in the increments for the resonance energy within a family of benzenoid systems as the number of benzene rings is increased. 14 figures, 4 tables.
Fundamental radiation effects parameters in metals and ceramics

Abstract Several fundamental aspects of defect cluster accumulation in irradiated ceramics and face centered cubic metals are reviewed, with particular emphasis on radiation hardening and the microstructural evolution in Cu observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). At temperatures where interstitials are mobile (> 50 K in Cu), the defect cluster density in pure Cu is initially proportional to the dose and exhibits a square root dose dependence above ∼ 10−4 displacements per atom. This fluence dependence (determined from electrical resistivity and TEM studies) helps to resolve a long-standing controversy on the fluence dependence of radiation hardening. The fraction of freely migrating interstitials in copper irradiated with 14 MeV neutrons at room temperature is ∼ 11%. The activation energy for annealing stage V (stacking fault tetrahedra evaporation) in neutron-irradiated copper has been measured to be 0.84eV. Some features of the point defect accumulation behavior in ceramics are found to be v...
Increased Deposition of Cholesterol in Brain After Electroconvulsive Seizure

Summary: Rats injected intracranially with cholesterol precursors and subjected to electroconvulsive seizures showed significantly higher levels of deposition of [4-I4C]cholesterol into brain cholesterol than controls. The degree of incorporation was cholesterol> mevalonic acid > sodium acetate; in each case convulsed animals exceeded unshocked animals. Enhanced turnover of brain cholesterol with incorporation of circulating sterol may be associated with the etiology of convulsive seizures. RESUME Des rats ayant recu par voie intracrânienne des precurseurs du cholesterol et soumis a des crises par electrochoc ont montre des taux significativement plus eleves de [4- 14C]cholesterol au niveau du cholesterol cerebral par comparaison avec des rats temoins. Le degre d'incorporation etait cholesterol > acide mevalonique > acetate de sodium; chez tous les animaux ayant convulse les Ataux etaient plus eleves que chez les animaux non soumis a l'electrochoc. l'augmentation du turn over du cholesterol cerebral avec incorporation du sterol circulant peut etre associee a l'etiologie des crises convulsives. RESUMEN Las ratas inyectadas intracranealmente con precur-sores del colesterol y sometidas a ataques electroconvulsivos mostraron niveles significativamente mas elevados de deposition de [4-14C]colesterol en el colesterol cerebral que los controles. El grado de incorporacion fue colesterol > acido mevalonico > acetato sodico; en cada caso los animales con convulsiones excedieron los animales no electroshocados. El incremento de la produccion de colesterol cerebral con incorporacion de esterol circulante puede estar asociado a la etiologia de los ataques convulsivos. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Ratten, denen Cholesterolvorstufen intrakraniell injiziert wurden und die darauf elektrokonvulsiven Anfallen ausgesetzt waren, zeigten signifikant hohere Ablagerungen von (4-14C) Cholesterol in das Hirn-Cholesterol als Kontrollen. Das Ausmas der Inkorporation war bei Cholesterol groser als bei Mevalonsaure, bei dieser groser als bei Natrium-Acetat; in jedem Fall war es hoher bei Tieren, die gekrampft hatten gegenuber Kontrollen. Das vermehrte turnover des Hirn-Cholesterols mit Inkorporation yon zirkulierendem Sterol konnte in Beziehung zur Atiologie der konvulsiven Anfalle stehen.
The Dimensions and Antecedents of Team Virtuality

Team virtuality is an important factor that is gaining prominence in the literature on teams. Departing from previous research that focused on geographic dispersion, the authors define team virtuality as the extent to which team members use virtual tools to coordinate and execute team processes, the amount of informational value provided by such tools, and the synchronicity of team member virtual interaction. The authors identify the key factors that lead groups to higher levels of team virtuality and the implications of their model for management theory and practice.
Prevalence of Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis

We prospectively determined the prevalence of community-associated Staphylococcus aureus in a large cystic fibrosis (CF) center between October 2005 and October 2007. We found that 2.7% (19/707) of the CF patients who had cultures during the study period were infected with this organism, representing 14% of the total methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains (n = 140) recovered from the patient population during the study period.
Picturing German: Teaching Language and Literature through Visual Art

This article examines the importance of visual culture with regard to its pedagogical applications in the German language classroom. I begin by outlining the benefits and concerns associated with making visual art a part of the curriculum. Next, practical ideas are presented for using paintings in beginning, intermediate, and advanced courses. From the acquisition of basic vocabulary, to a springboard for descriptive writing, to the illustration of literary and cultural movements such as Classicism, Romanticism, or Expressionism, visual art can be employed on all levels of instruction to enrich both language acquisition and cultural competency. Perhaps most significantly, visual art can be used to inspire students to take a closer look at literature, providing access to verbal art ranging from prose to drama to poetry. The immediacy of images engages interest in a way that encourages critical thinking and an understanding of how language, literature, and culture are inextricably connected.
Mesoscale Convective Complexes and Persistent Elongated Convective Systems over the United States during 1992 and 1993

Abstract Large, long-lived convective systems over the United States in 1992 and 1993 have been classified according to physical characteristics observed in satellite imagery as quasi-circular [mesoscale convective complex (MCC)] or elongated [persistent elongated convective system (PECS)] and cataloged. The catalog includes the time of initiation, maximum extent, termination, duration, area of the −52°C cloud shield at the time of maximum extent, significant weather associated with each occurrence, and tracks of the −52°C cloud-shield centroid. Both MCC and PECS favored nocturnal development and on average lasted about 12 h. In both 1992 and 1993, PECS produced −52°C cloud-shield areas of greater extent and occurred more frequently compared with MCCs. The mean position of initiation for PECS in 1992 and 1993 followed a seasonal shift similar to the climatological seasonal shift for MCC occurrences but was displaced eastward of the mean position of MCC initiation in 1992 and 1993. The spatial distribution...
The Analysis of Variance

In studying methods for the analysis of quantitative data, we first focused on problems involving a single sample of numbers and then turned to a comparative analysis of two different samples. Now we are ready for the analysis of several samples.
Automated Evolution of Interesting Images

Note: The Humanities and ALife -- Best Presentation Award Winner. Reference EPFL-CONF-191282 Record created on 2013-12-13, modified on 2017-05-10
Robotic-assisted femoral osteochondroplasty is more precise than a freehand technique in a Sawbone model

Robotic-assistance has the potential to improve the accuracy of bony resections, when performing femoral osteochondroplasty in the treatment of cam-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of robotic-assisted femoral osteochondroplasty and compare this to a conventional open, freehand technique. We hypothesized that robotic-assistance would increase the accuracy of femoral head-neck offset correction in cam FAI. Sixteen identical sawbones models with a cam-type impingement deformity were resected by a single surgeon, simulating an open femoral osteochondroplasty. Eight procedures were performed using an open freehand technique and eight were performed using robotic-assistance, through the creation of a three-dimensional haptic volume. A desired arc of resection of 117.7° was determined pre-operatively using an anatomic plan. Post-resection, all 16 sawbones were laser scanned to measure the arc of resection, volume of bone removed and depth of resection. For each sawbone, these measurements were compared with the pre-operatively planned desired resection, to determine the resection error. Freehand resection resulted in a mean arc of resection error of 42.0 ± 8.5° compared with robotic-assisted resection which had a mean arc of resection error of 1.2 ± 0.7° (P < 0.0001). Over-resection occurred with every freehand resection with a mean volume error of 758.3 ± 477.1 mm3 compared with a mean robotic-assisted resection volume error of 31.3 ± 220.7 mm3 (P < 0.01). This study has shown that robotic-assisted femoral osteochondroplasty in the treatment of cam-type FAI is more accurate than a conventional, freehand technique, which are currently in widespread use.
101 Online: American Minitel Network and Lessons from Its Failure

In 1981, videotex and virtual circuits were the hot computer network technologies and promised to bring the world to the masses. Amid a worldwide battle over standards, France started Minitel, which quickly became the first successful mass-market digital information-distribution ecosystem. In 1991, France Telecom launched the American version of Minitel, 101 Online, in San Francisco. 101 Online was as massive a failure as Minitel had been a success. This article reveals the previously undocumented history of the 101 Online ecosystem, suggests reasons why it failed where Minitel had succeeded, and draws lessons for the current policy debate on what information-network architecture and implementation best fosters digital innovation.
Liquid toroidal drop in compressional flow with arbitrary drop-to-ambient fluid viscosity ratio

Existing experiments show that a sufficiently fat toroidal drop freely suspended in another liquid shrinks towards its centre to form a spherical drop. However, recent simulations reveal that if a ...
Hyaluronic Acid versus Platelet-Rich Plasma: Double-blind Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Clinical Outcomes and Intra-Articular Biology for Treatment of Knee Arthritis

Objectives:Osteoarthritis (OA) is a debilitating disease that, in some form, affects up to 47 million Americans each year and is estimated to affect 67 million by 2030. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is currently utilized as an intra-articular injection for treatment of patients with knee OA. A movement in biochemical research has emerged that focuses on analysis of catabolic and anabolic growth factors of the joint. It is proposed that platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a biologic alternative to HA that may alter the intra-articular biologic milieu to mitigate the symptoms of OA. The purpose of this double-blind prospective randomized clinical trial is to compare the effects of PRP to HA for the treatment of OA in the knee using validated clinical outcome measures and biologic correlates associated with OA.Methods:Patients with a minimum of 3 months of symptomatic unilateral knee OA and Kellgren-Lawrence Grade 1-3 OA were randomized into two cohorts. One cohort received three weekly ultrasound-guided injections of HA a...
Treatment of hepatitis C, then, now and tomorrow

Commentary on : Kohli A, Shaffer A, Kottilil S. Treatment of hepatitis C: a systematic review. JAMA 2014;312:631–40.[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects over 185 million people worldwide and can lead to progressive liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and death. Antiviral treatment can prevent these complications and improve survival. Interferon has been the backbone of anti-HCV therapy, but has been plagued by side effects, treatment failure and relapse. HCV treatment has seen significant changes with the advent of directly acting antiviral agents with nearly 100% cure rate with all oral, interferon and ribavirin-free regimens. This systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies aimed to examine the safety, tolerability and efficacy of all Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved regimens against HCV genotypes 1, 2 and 3. All studies between January 2009 and May 2014 were included if they were published in English, used FDA-approved antiviral therapies, included sustained virological response (SVR) as the study outcome, and defined treatment … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DJAMA%26rft.volume%253D312%26rft.spage%253D631%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1001%252Fjama.2014.7085%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F25117132%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1001/jama.2014.7085&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=25117132&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febmed%2F20%2F1%2F23.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000340136400022&link_type=ISI
An Aggregate Sector Flow Model for Air Traffic Demand Forecasting

Sector capacity, number of aircraft permitted in a region of the airspace referred to as a sector, is used to limit air traffic to an amount that can be safely handled by a human controller. The traditional approach for predicting traffic demand in a sector involves the simulation of trajectories of individual aircraft. The demand provided by this approach is inaccurate for hourly time horizons. This paper explores the use of linear time varying aggregate models constructed using historical data for predicting sector demand. Since air traffic varies with the seasons, day of the week and weather, multiple aggregate models can be built to represent different situations. The paper evaluates the accuracy of using a single aggregate model and compares it with the improvements that can be achieved by using several aggregate models and selecting the best model based on hypothesis testing. The paper also presents the results of using a combination of probability-weighted predictions from several aggregate models. Evaluation of the prediction errors for all the high-altitude sectors in Indianapolis Center for a month shows that the multiple aggregation models result in smaller errors; errors vary with the sector and do not vary significantly with the prediction interval.
We Can Give—and Gain—in Boys Sports Programs

(1956). We Can Give—and Gain—in Boys Sports Programs. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 32-32.
Pericyte Coculture Models to Study Astrocyte, Pericyte, and Endothelial Cell Interactions

The microvascular pericyte is an integral component of the blood-brain barrier and the neurovascular unit. Most model systems that have been developed to study the functional parameters of these systems have not incorporated the pericyte. In this chapter, we consider pericyte coculture and triple culture systems and detail the methodology, suggestions, and problems with isolation of these unique cells. We also present data to show that triple cultures are ideal to study the role of the CNS pericyte in CNS angiogenesis.
Auditory sequence learning in children.

Two procedures were used for training preschool children to emit a three-sequence response to a three-sequence verbal stimulus. For the four children in Group I the verbal stimulus was presented si...
The Idea of Democracy and Its Distortions: From Socrates to Cornel West

Democracy is a highly-cherished idea nowadays as it casts an aura of legitimacy and prestige on political systems, theories, and ideologies. This is why regimes, political organizations, theories, and ideologies of all types lay claim to being democratic or aiming to serve its interests. To justify their claims and aims, they all define democracy in ways that suit their interests and fit their purposes. Some examples: ideologues of capitalism define democracy in ways that serve the interests of the free-market system and endorse the rule of capital, hence liberal democracy; economists formulate it so that it fits within the conceptual framework of their discipline; and Cornel West defines it as a tragicomic concept that suits his Christian vision. These attempts at making democracy fit one's interests, purposes, and views have distorted the true practice and meaning of the idea, and have subverted its normative substance. Putting its focus mainly on examining Cornel West's Democracy Matters (Penguin Press, 2004) as one of the latest misrepresentations and distortions of the idea of democracy, this essay argues that we need to revisit the original meaning of the concept (the "rule by the people"), and revive the contention that democracy entails the citizens' direct, deliberative, and ongoing participation and power in politics. To counter the economists’ and liberal democracy’s gutting of the normative substance of democracy, and also to counter West's distorted vision of it, the essay attempts to retrieve the authentic content of democracy, and puts forth a positive vision for its future.
Products of Topological Modal Logics

This thesis is about logics of space. In it we use various semantic and axiomatic techniques from modal logic and topology to devise a class of increasingly stronger logics of space. The underlying intuition is that in many current academic disciplines spatial intuition and spatial reasoning seem essential. The spectrum includes applied areas such as guiding robots through real three-dimensional space, but also fundamental reasoning about knowledge, processing and updating of information. The thesis makes some initial steps in understanding the structure of space with efficient languages of modal logic, with the ultimate aim of applying them to a wide variety of pure and applied cognitive settings.
Production of Histidine Decarboxylase and Histamine by Proteus morganii.

Examination of 22 Proteus morganii strains revealed that each possessed histidine decarboxylase activity. Strain GRMO 6 produced maximal activity (nanomoles of CO2 released/mg cells/h) when grown at ambient temperature (24 C) and at acid pH levels that tended to inhibit growth. Minimal activity was present when the culture was grown at pH 8.5. Histidine decarboxylase activity decreased as the age of the culture increased. Maximal reaction rates occurred at 37 C and pH 6.5. Rapid enzyme and histamine formation occurred in tuna fillets inoculated with P. morganii and stored at 24 and 30 C. Histamine levels reached 520 mg/100 g and 608 mg/100 g at 24 and 30 C, respectively. Little enzyme was produced in the inoculated fillets stored at 15 C and in the uninoculated control fillets.
Statistical shape modeling based renal volume measurement using tracked ultrasound

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the fourth most common cause of kidney transplant worldwide accounting for 7-10% of all cases. Although ADPKD usually progresses over many decades, accurate risk prediction is an important task. 1 Identifying patients with progressive disease is vital to providing new treatments being developed and enable them to enter clinical trials for new therapy. Among other factors, total kidney volume (TKV) is a major biomarker predicting the progression of ADPKD. Consortium for Radiologic Imaging Studies in Polycystic Kidney Disease (CRISP) 2 have shown that TKV is an early, and accurate measure of cystic burden and likely growth rate. It is strongly associated with loss of renal function. 3 While ultrasound (US) has proven as an excellent tool for diagnosing the disease; monitoring short-term changes using ultrasound has been shown to not be accurate. This is attributed to high operator variability and reproducibility as compared to tomographic modalities such as CT and MR (Gold standard). Ultrasound has emerged as one of the standout modality for intra-procedural imaging and with methods for spatial localization has afforded us the ability to track 2D ultrasound in physical space which it is being used. In addition to this, the vast amount of recorded tomographic data can be used to generate statistical shape models that allow us to extract clinical value from archived image sets. In this work, we aim at improving the prognostic value of US in managing ADPKD by assessing the accuracy of using statistical shape model augmented US data, to predict TKV, with the end goal of monitoring short-term changes.
Fibrinokinetic Deficit in Chronic Kidney Disease and End Stage Renal Disease Patients Contributes to the Hemostatic Abnormalities

An increase in bleeding is observed in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end stage renal disease (ESRD) despite the normal coagulation profile and fibrinogen level. The hemostatic deficit in these patients may due to the defects in fibrin formation. The fibrinokinetic profile of CKD (n=50) and ESRD patients on hemodialysis prior to and after dialysis was measured. Citrated plasma from each patient was supplemented with 25 μl of 5 U thrombin and 25 μl of 0.05 M CaCl. The rate of fibrin formation was measured by monitoring the optical density (OD) at 405 nM. After reaching steady state, 50 μl of urokinase (30,000 U/ml) was added to measure the fibrinolytic profile. Forty normal male and female individuals were also analyzed. In addition PT, aPTT and fibrinogen levels were also measured. The normal male and female fibrinokinetic profile showed a strong clot formation with the clot reaching an average OD of 1.2±0.3 (range 0.7–1.4). In the CKD patients a much weaker clot was formed with an average OD of 0.21±0.13 (range 0.05–0.41). In the ESRD patients on maintenance hemodialysis, the pre-dialysis sample showed a weaker fibrinokinetic profile reaching near normal levels with a clot density of 1.3±0.4 (range 0.8–1.6). In the urokinase induced fibrinolysis assay, the CKD patients plasma exhibited a much stronger fibrinolytic index in comparison to the normal population (80% clot lysis vs. 20%). In the ESRD patients the clot lysis profile was relatively weaker in comparison to the CKD patients, suggesting that hemodialysis may contribute to impaired clot formation. These results are contrary to the reported observations that dense clot resistant to fibrinolysis are formed in CKD and ESRD patients. Furthermore the clot sobserved in these patients were highly susceptible to lysis. The maintenance hemodialysis results in improving the fibrinokinetic and fibrinolytic profile in the ESRD patients. Therefore maintenance hemodialysis contributes to improved hemostasis in ESRD patients.
The high pressure distal colostogram in anorectal malformations: technique and pitfalls

The importance of technically adequate high pressure distal colostogram in planning management for patients with anorectal malformations and how technically inadequate examination could delay management and affect the outcome cannot be over emphasized as shown in this article.
Transfer of silica gel TLC screening methods for clarithromycin, azithromycin, and amodiaquine + artesunate to HPTLC–densitometry with detection by reagentless thermochemical activation of fluorescence quenching

ABSTRACTA previously published model process was used for the transfer of silica gel thin-layer chromatography (TLC) screening methods for clarithromycin, azithromycin, and amodiaquine + artesunate pharmaceutical formulations published in the Global Pharma Health Fund E.V. Minilab manual for the identification of counterfeit drugs to high-performance TLC–densitometry quantitative methods that can be used in support of regulatory compliance actions. In these new methods, detection of clarithromycin, azithromycin, and artesunate was achieved by thermochemical activation involving simple reagent-free heating of the layer to produce derivatives of the drugs that quench fluorescence under 254 nm ultraviolet light. Additional drugs with TLC screening methods published in the Minilab manual and/or Compendium of Unofficial Methods for Rapid Screening of Pharmaceuticals by Thin Layer Chromatography that do not naturally quench fluorescence were studied and also found to be detectable by thermochemical activation o...
Moving beyond Academics: The Role of Adult Capacity in Keeping Young People in School.

The U.S. high school dropout rate continues to decline. Possible reasons for this decline include stronger academic standards, persistent state and district actions, and implementation of programs ...
Joint Representation of Connectome-Scale Structural and Functional Profiles for Identification of Consistent Cortical Landmarks in Human Brains.

There have been significant interests in the representation of structural or functional profiles for establishment of structural/functional correspondences across individuals and populations in the brain mapping field. For example, from the structural perspective, previous studies have identified hundreds of consistent cortical landmarks across human individuals and populations, each of which possess consistent DTI-derived fiber connection patterns. From the functional perspective, a large collection of well-characterized functional brain networks based on sparse coding of whole-brain fMRI signals have been identified. However, due to the considerable variability of structural and functional architectures in human brains, it is challenging for the earlier studies to jointly represent the connectome-scale profiles to establish a common cortical architecture which can comprehensively encode both brain structure and function. In order to address this challenge, in this paper, we proposed an effective computational framework to jointly represent the structural and functional profiles for identification of a set of consistent and common cortical landmarks with both structural and functional correspondences across different human brains based on multimodal DTI and fMRI data. Experiments on the Human Connectome Project (HCP) data demonstrated the promise of our framework.
Hybrid All-Atom/Coarse-Grained Simulations of Proteins by Direct Coupling of CHARMM and PRIMO Force Fields

Hybrid all-atom/coarse-grained (AA/CG) simulations of proteins offer a computationally efficient compromise where atomistic details are only applied to biologically relevant regions while benefiting from the speedup of treating the remaining parts of a given system at the CG level. The recently developed CG model, PRIMO, allows a direct coupling with an atomistic force field with no additional modifications or coupling terms and the ability to carry out dynamic simulations without any restraints on secondary or tertiary structures. A hybrid AA/CG scheme based on combining all-atom CHARMM and coarse-grained PRIMO representations was validated via molecular dynamics and replica exchange simulations of soluble and membrane proteins. The AA/CG scheme was also tested in the calculation of the free energy profile for the transition from the closed to the open state of adenylate kinase via umbrella sampling molecular dynamics method. The overall finding is that the AA/CG scheme generates dynamics and energetics ...
Pathways to delinquency and substance use among African American youth: Does future orientation mediate the effects of peer norms and parental monitoring?:

The following study assessed whether future orientation mediated the effects of peer norms and parental monitoring on delinquency and substance use among 549 African American adolescents. Structura...
Evidence supports blind screening for internal malignancy in dermatomyositis: Data from 2 large US dermatology cohorts.

The association between dermatomyositis and internal malignancy is well established, but there is little consensus about the methods of cancer screening that should be utilized.We wished to analyze the prevalence and yield of selected cancer screening modalities in patients with dermatomyositis.We performed a retrospective analysis of 2 large US dermatomyositis cohorts comprising 400 patients.We measured the frequency of selected screening tests used to search for malignancy. Patients with a biopsy-confirmed malignancy were identified. Prespecified clinical and laboratory factors were tested for association with malignancy. For each malignancy we identified the screening test(s) that led to diagnosis and classified these tests as either blind (not guided by suspicious sign/symptom) or triggered (by a suspicious sign or symptom).Forty-eight patients (12.0% of total cohort) with 53 cancers were identified with dermatomyositis-associated malignancy. Twenty-one of these 53 cancers (40%) were diagnosed within 1 year of dermatomyositis symptom onset. In multivariate analysis, older age (P = .0005) was the only significant risk factor for internal malignancy. There was no significant difference in cancer incidence between classic and clinically amyopathic patients. Twenty-seven patients (6.8% of the total cohort) harbored an undiagnosed malignancy at the time of dermatomyositis diagnosis. The majority (59%) of these cancers were asymptomatic and computed tomography (CT) scans were the most common studies to reveal a cancer.This is the largest US cohort studied to examine malignancy prevalence and screening practices in dermatomyositis patients. Our results demonstrate that, while undiagnosed malignancy is present in <10% of US patients at the time of dermatomyositis onset, it is often not associated with a suspicious sign or symptom. Our data suggest that effective malignancy screening of dermatomyositis patients often requires evaluation beyond a history, physical examination, and "age-appropriate" cancer screening-these data may help to inform future guidelines for malignancy screening in this population.
Mothers’ gendered aspirations for their children: a case study of Forbesganj, Bihar

AbstractCurrent literature on parent aspirations has not empirically explored the factors that may lead to differences in aspirations among similar types of parents. Additionally, little is known about the gendered nature of these differences. In this study, we seek to understand factors shaping mothers’ aspirations in regards to education, marriage, and careers of their daughters and sons, and to explore why differences may be found for mothers from similar socioeconomic backgrounds. Using a case study approach, we conduct in-depth interviews with 28 mothers in the Indian town of Forbesganj, Bihar. We use a conceptual framework based on the capabilities approach, and draw on theories of social learning, or learning from one’s peers, through which to understand differences in aspirations. Findings suggest that mothers desire lives for their children that are different from their own, and that conceptions of such lives are influenced by exposure to role models in their communities.
Dislocation Distribution in Plastically Deformed Metals

The distribution of dislocations in the surface layer ρs and in the interior ρi and its affect on work hardening and fatigue fracture has been described. In fatigue ρs is always greater than ρi but both increase with the number of stress cycles. The dislocation structure in the interior is, however, unstable without the presence of the surface layer. It is shown that fatigue damage can be measured when a sufficiently penetrating X-ray source is used.
Exact Computation of Global Minima of a Nonconvex Portfolio Optimization Problem

The goal of this project was to compute minimal cost solutions satisfying the demand of pre-given product portfolios and to investigate the dependence of the fix costs and investment costs on the product portfolio.
Setting a Course for the Future of JRTE: New Editorial Team, Revision to the Aims and Scope, and Goals for the Journal

The Journal of Research on Technology in Education (JRTE) has been a long-standing and reputable venue for the dissemination of cutting-edge research on technology in education for a half century. ...