cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Combining Digital Imaging and Genome Wide Association Mapping to Dissect Uncharacterized Traits in Plant/Pathogen Interactions

Plant resistance to generalist pathogens with broad host ranges, such as Botrytis cinerea, is typically quantitative and highly polygenic. Recent studies have begun to elucidate the molecular genetic basis underpinning plant-pathogen interactions using commonly measured traits including lesion size and/or pathogen biomass. Yet with the advent of digital imaging and phenomics, there are a large number of additional resistance traits available to study quantitative resistance. In this study, we used high-throughput digital imaging analysis to investigate previously uncharacterized visual traits of plant-pathogen interactions related disease resistance using the Arabidopsis thaliana/Botrytis cinerea pathosystem. Using a large collection of 75 visual traits collected from every lesion, we focused on lesion color, lesion shape, and lesion size, to test how these aspects of the interaction are genetically related. Using genome wide association (GWA) mapping in A. thaliana, we show that lesion color and shape are genetically separable traits associated with plant-disease resistance. Using defined mutants in 23 candidate genes from the GWA mapping, we could identify and show that novel loci associated with each different plant-pathogen interaction trait, which expands our understanding of the functional mechanisms driving plant disease resistance.
Pharmaceutical manufacturing facility discharges can substantially increase the pharmaceutical load to U.S. wastewaters

Discharges from pharmaceutical manufacturing facilities (PMFs) previously have been identified as important sources of pharmaceuticals to the environment. Yet few studies are available to establish the influence of PMFs on the pharmaceutical source contribution to wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and waterways at the national scale. Consequently, a national network of 13 WWTPs receiving PMF discharges, six WWTPs with no PMF input, and one WWTP that transitioned through a PMF closure were selected from across the United States to assess the influence of PMF inputs on pharmaceutical loading to WWTPs. Effluent samples were analyzed for 120 pharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical degradates. Of these, 33 pharmaceuticals had concentrations substantially higher in PMF-influenced effluent (maximum 555,000 ng/L) compared to effluent from control sites (maximum 175 ng/L). Concentrations in WWTP receiving PMF input are variable, as discharges from PMFs are episodic, indicating that production activities can vary substantially over relatively short (several months) periods and have the potential to rapidly transition to other pharmaceutical products. Results show that PMFs are an important, national-scale source of pharmaceuticals to the environment.
Eutrophication of a Coastal Marine Ecosystem — An Experimental Study Using the Merl Microcosms

The potential importance of nutrients, especially nitrogen, phosphorus, and silica, in influencing the productivity of the sea has been recognized for over 80 years (Brandt, 1899), though this long awareness has not necessarily produced a thorough understanding. Analytical techniques capable of resolving the concentrations of nutrients usually found in marine waters did not become available until the 1920s and 1930s (for example, Deniges, 1921; Harvey, 1928; Atkins, 1932). Ammonia, the most active form of nitrogen, was not commonly measured until after the publication of Solorzano’s direct colormetric technique in 1969. An early enthusiasm for describing, and in some cases quantifying the often dramatic reciprocal seasonal cycles in the concentrations of nutrients and the standing crop of phytoplankton waned as the patterns became better known (for example, Atkins, 1930; Cooper, 1933). It was also perceived early on that rapid nutrient cycles and transformations were probably taking place at rates which could not then be measured. As a result, there was little real advance in the study of nutrients in marine systems for some 25–30 years following the pioneering descriptive work of the 1930s.
A Decellularized Porcine Xenograft-Derived Bone Scaffold for Clinical Use as a Bone Graft Substitute: A Critical Evaluation of Processing and Structure

Background: Bone grafts are used in approximately one half of all musculoskeletal surgeries. Autograft bone is the historic gold standard but is limited in supply and its harvest imparts significant morbidity to the patient. Alternative sources of bone graft include allografts, synthetics and, less commonly, xenografts which are taken from animal species. Xenografts are available in unlimited supply from healthy animal donors with controlled biology, avoiding the risk of human disease transmission, and may satisfy current demand for bone graft products. Methods: In the current study, cancellous bone was harvested from porcine femurs and subjected to a novel decellularization protocol to derive a bone scaffold. Results: The scaffold was devoid of donor cellular material on histology and DNA sampling (p < 0.01). Microarchitectural properties important for osteoconductive potential were preserved after decellularization as shown by high resolution imaging modalities. Proteomics data demonstrated similar profiles when comparing the porcine bone scaffold against commercially available human demineralized bone matrix approved for clinical use. Conclusion: We are unaware of any porcine-derived bone graft products currently used in orthopaedic surgery practice. Results from the current study suggest that porcine-derived bone scaffolds warrant further consideration to serve as a potential bone graft substitute.
No mood for change: neoliberalism and Turkish fiction

This study examines various literary archetypes of social and political agency in popular Turkish fiction since the implementation of neoliberal economic policies (NLPs) in the 1980s. The extent to...
Characterization of Chicken Dendritic Cell Markers (181.1)

New mouse monoclonal antibodies which detect CD80 and CD83 were developed to characterize chicken dendritic cells (DCs). The characteristics of these molecules have been studied in human, swine, ovine, feline, and canine but not in chickens. MAbs to chCD80 showed staining of chicken macrophage cell line (HD11), bursa, and spleen. MAbs against chCD80 reduced chCD80’s ability inducing T cell proliferation and IFN-γ production in blast chicken spleen cells, and NO secretion in the HD11. Two mAbs, CD83-159 and CD83-22, reacted with a HD11 and recognized a single 53 kDa protein on Western blots of lysates from LPS-stimulated spleen mononuclear cells. Immunostaining of chicken secondary lymphoid organs identified CD80+ and CD83+cells with morphologic and subtissue localization properties comparable to mammalian DCs. In vitro stimulation of spleen monocytes with concanavalin A (Con A) decreased the percentage of CD83+ cells compared with cells treated with medium alone. Interestingly, spleen cells treated with Con A in the presence of chCD83-227 mAb exhibited decreased percentage of MHCII+ cells compared with cells treated with plus an isotype-matched negative control mAb. These mAbs will be useful for future investigations of DC maturation and mechanisms of action in chickens.
Will Asian Women Call a Telephone Health Information Service

AAPI women have the lowest breast cancer screening rates of all U.S. women. Barriers to screening include access, culture, and language. Previous focus group studies have shown little use of telephone hotlines among Asians. However, this report indicates that media promotions in Cantonese, Mandarin, Vietnamese, and Korean can result in a major increase in calls to a California statewide telephone service. Calls from women speaking Asian languages to the California Breast Cancer Early Detection Program Consumer 800 Number increased from an average of 24 per month to 576 in June 2001 in response to paid newspaper and radio advertisements in Los Angeles, San Diego, and the San Francisco Bay Area.
‘Does Your Mother Know? Digital Versus Material Spaces of Queer Encounter in Singapore’

This chapter demonstrates how Singapore’s restrictions on LGBTQ uses of urban space demand an exploration of the interstitial material/digital spaces of the queer encounter. The online community ‘People Like Us’ (PLU) is contrasted with the popular bar ‘DYMK’ to suggest that in Singapore’s illiberal context, neither material ‘place’ nor cyberspace is sufficient for the formation of an anchored, visible LGBTQ public. This chapter therefore suggests that in illiberal contexts where LGBTQ rights are restricted, LGBTQ identity, networks, and socio-spatial relations exist and form in temporal ways in the liminal spaces between the built environment and cyberspace. The practices and negotiations in between are, themselves, a sort of tactical performance of identity and a reappropriation of space for the LGBTQ community.
States of Practice and Research on Applying GPR Technology for Labeling and Scanning Constructed Facilities

AbstractGround Penetration Radar (GPR) is now a mature technology with various applications for scanning different types of constructed facilities including underground utilities and structural sys...
“Is Anyone Listening?” Measuring Faculty Engagement With Published SoTL Scholarship in Political Science

AbstractOf this there can be no doubt: More than ever before, political scientists have something to say about teaching and learning. The volume of published SoTL scholarship in the discipline has ...
Exercise immunology: Future directions

Several decades of research in the area of exercise immunology have shown that the immune system is highly responsive to acute and chronic exercise training. Moderate exercise bouts enhance immunosurveillance and when repeated over time mediate multiple health benefits. Most of the studies prior to 2010 relied on a few targeted outcomes related to immune function. During the past decade, technologic advances have created opportunities for a multi-omics and systems biology approach to exercise immunology. This article provides an overview of metabolomics, lipidomics, and proteomics as they pertain to exercise immunology, with a focus on immunometabolism. This review also summarizes how the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota can be influenced by exercise, with applications to human health and immunity. Exercise-induced improvements in immune function may play a critical role in countering immunosenescence and the development of chronic diseases, and emerging omics technologies will more clearly define the underlying mechanisms. This review summarizes what is currently known regarding a multi-omics approach to exercise immunology and provides future directions for investigators.
Datos sobre la riboflavina

La riboflavina es una de las vitaminas del grupo B. Tambien es conocida como la vitamina B2. Nosotros necesitamos la riboflavina para utilizar los carbohidratos, grasas y proteinas en los alimentos que comemos. La riboflavina ayuda a utilizar estos nutrientes en energia para el cuerpo y para funciones como antioxidante. La riboflavina tambien se necesita para utilizar correctamente las vitaminas niacina, el acido folico y la vitamina B6. This 2-page fact sheet was written by R. Elaine Turner and Wendy J. Dahl and published by the UF Department of Family Youth and Community Sciences, November 2012. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fy1344
The Role of Paid and Earned Media in Building Entertainment Brands: Reminding, Informing, and Enhancing Enjoyment

We study the role of social engagement and advertising in building entertainment brands. We develop a structural model of viewing behaviors and apply the model to a data set on a new television program that contains both revealed preferences and self-reported preferences and expectations. We use this model to not only assess the relative impact of advertising exposures and social engagement, but also to distinguish multiple roles that advertising and social engagement might play{reminding (i.e., activating memory), informing (i.e., learning about the quality of the program), or in the case of social engagement, enhancing enjoyment (i.e., gaining additional utility from socializing about the program). We present descriptive analyses and results from our structural model, both of which indicate that advertising effects are largely due to reminding rather than informing and that social engagement effects are due to a combination of reminding and enhancing enjoyment. Our results imply that the average effect of paid media is four times larger than that of earned media, but that if earned media strategies can expand the portion of frequent socializers, it can have a profound effect on viewership.
Sensitivity Analysis of Attitudes, Perceptions of Presence, and Personality Characteristics toward Virtual Merchandising

This study explored the belief that individual personality traits affect one’s disposition toward shopping within a virtual environment. The goal of this paper has been achieved by studying the relationship between an individual's perception of presence within a virtual merchandising environment and their attitudes toward virtual shopping. Symbolic interactionism was used as the theoretical framework and utilizing four of the Big Five personality framework: 1) openness, 2) conscientiousness, 3) extraversion, and 4) neuroticism. It also examined whether an individual’s personality affected their attitude toward virtual shopping along with the relationship between presence and attitudes toward online shopping. The study was conducted among undergraduate students enrolled in an Apparel Textiles and Merchandising Program at a university located in Michigan. The data analysis indicated a positive correlation between perceptions of presence and an individual’s willingness to make purchases within an online shopping environment as well as their overall satisfaction with shopping in such an environment. Two of the personality factors from the Big Five personality framework, neuroticism and extroversion, were shown to moderate these relationships. While the results confirmed that in a virtual environment, one’s personality traits affect individual’s disposition toward shopping, it is critical to study the shift in attitude as the traditional brick and mortar stores diminish.
Results of CO2 Storage Efficiency in Deep Saline Formations – Stage 2

Previous dynamic simulations indicate that it may take hundreds of years and an unrealistic number of wells to approach a static volumetrically derived estimate of storage capacity and efficiency for an actual large-scale CO2 storage development. This study shows how efficiency factors may be influenced by key parameters of practical project development, such as a 50-year injection period, number of wells and drilling sequence, onshore vs. offshore conditions, and increasing unit storage cost as development intensifies. Two potential storage formations were investigated: the Minnelusa Formation of the Powder River Basin and the Bunter Sandstone of the North Sea Basin.
Towards quantifying the mass extinction debt of the Anthropocene

To make sense of our present biodiversity crises, the modern rate of species extinctions is commonly compared to a benchmark, or 'background,' rate derived from the fossil record. These estimates are critical for bounding the scale of modern diversity loss, but are yet to fully account for the fundamental structure of extinction rates through time. Namely, a substantial fraction of extinctions within the fossil record occurs within relatively short-lived extinction pulses, and not during intervals characterized by background rates of extinction. Accordingly, it is more appropriate to compare the modern event to these pulses than to the long-term average rate. Unfortunately, neither the duration of extinction pulses in the geological record nor the ultimate magnitude of the extinction pulse today is resolved, making assessments of their relative sizes difficult. In addition, the common metric used to compare current and past extinction rates does not correct for large differences in observation duration. Here, we propose a new predictive metric that may be used to ascertain the ultimate extent of the ongoing extinction threat, building on the observation that extinction magnitude in the marine fossil record is correlated to the magnitude of sedimentary turnover. Thus, we propose that the ultimate number of species destined for extinction today can be predicted by way of a quantitative appraisal of humanity's modification of ecosystems as recorded in sediments-that is, by comparing our future rock record with that of the past. The ubiquity of habitat disruption worldwide suggests that a profound mass extinction debt exists today, but one that might yet be averted by preserving and restoring ecosystems and their geological traces.
Polypharmacy and Cognition Function Among Rural Adults.

BACKGROUND Polypharmacy (using≥5 medications) is associated with poor health outcomes. Mixed results from past studies surrounding chronic medication use, control of chronic conditions, and their effects on cognitive performance warrant further attention. OBJECTIVE Investigate a link between polypharmacy and cognition function in rural-dwelling adults in Texas, USA. METHODS Project FRONTIER (Facing Rural Obstacles to Healthcare Now Through Intervention, Education & Research) is a cross-sectional epidemiological study using community-based participatory research in three counties of Texas. Residents age > 40 were eligible for inclusion. The primary outcome is cognitive impairment, and exposures of interest are polypharmacy; comorbidities; and diabetes, hypertension, and depression medication. Logistic regression was used to assess association. RESULTS Six hundred eighty-nine individuals participated; the mean age was 61, and the majority were female (68.7%).The median number of medications taken by participants was 3.3 (IQR: 0-5); the rate of polypharmacy was 29.6%. Anti-hypertensive agents were the most common medications (15%) used. Polypharmacy users were 2.84 times more likely to have cognitive impairment [OR: 2.84, 95%CI (1.32-6.09)] than those using < 5 medications. Participants on hypertensive medications had 1.85 times higher odds [OR: 1.85, 95%CI (1.14-3.01)] of having cognitive impairment than those who did not have cognitive impairment. CONCLUSION Polypharmacy increases the odds of cognitive impairment. The odds of presenting with cognitive impairment increased as the number of medications increased. Additionally, we identified a large, concerning number of participants with pharmacotherapy and poor chronic disease management. A larger study should examine medication adherence among rural elders to manage chronic disease and any healthcare barriers to adherence.
Nasal calcitonin

Nasal calcitonin is a newly approved treatment for established osteoporosis that increases lumbar spine bone mass, is safe, and well tolerated. Fracture efficacy data is not yet available, although preliminary results are promising. The dose for established osteoporosis is 200 IU. The dose for prevention of postmnopausal osteoporosis has not been established. Nasal calcitonin may be analgesic to bone and may be of benefit in glucocorticoid-induced vertebral osteoporosis. Nasal spray calcitonin may be of benefit to the symptomatic patient with acute vertebral fracture, the complex patient, or the patient with established osteoporosis who is intolerant of bisphosphonates or estrogen.
The effects of Ca2+ and ADP on dynein switching during the beat cycle of reactivated bull sperm models.

Calcium regulation of flagellar motility is the basis for chemotaxis, phototaxis, and hyperactivation responses in eukaryotic flagellates and spermatozoa. Ca2+ is the internal messenger for these responses, but the coupling between Ca2+ and the motor mechanism that generates the flagellar beat is incompletely understood. We examined the effects of Ca2+ on the flagellar curvature at the switch-points of the beat cycle in bull sperm. The sperm were detergent extracted and reactivated with 0.1 mM adenosine triphosphate (ATP). With their heads immobilized and their tails beating freely it is possible to calculate the bending torque and the transverse force acting on the flagellum at the switch-points. An increase in the free Ca2+ concentration (pCa 8 to pCa 4) significantly decreased the development of torque and t-force in the principal bending direction, while having negligible effect on the reverse bend. The action of Ca2+ was more pronounced when the sperm were also treated with 4 mM adenosine diphosphate (ADP); it was sufficient to change the direction of bending that reaches the greater curvature. We also observed that the curvature of the distal half of the flagellum became locked in one direction in the presence of Ca2+. This indicates that a subset of the dynein becomes continuously activated by Ca2+ and fails to switch with the beat cycle. Our evidence suggests this subset of dyneins is localized to doublets #1–4 of the axoneme. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterization of the human Na,K-ATPase alpha 2 gene and identification of intragenic restriction fragment length polymorphisms.

We have determined the structure of the gene that encodes the alpha 2 isoform of the human Na,K-ATPase. The gene contains 23 exons and spans approximately 25 kilobases. The amino acid sequence of the human alpha 2 isoform deduced from the genomic sequence exhibits 99% identity to the rat alpha 2 isoform. One of the nine amino acid differences between the human and rat sequences occurs at an amino acid position which is known to be involved in species differences in sensitivity of the alpha 1 isoform to cardiac glycosides. Approximately 1500 base pairs of sequence flanking the 5' end of the alpha 2 gene have been determined. This region contains numerous potential AP-1, AP-2, and NF-1-binding sites, a potential Sp1 recognition site, and several sequences that are similar to the glucocorticoid receptor-binding site. The transcription start site was mapped by primer extension and S1 nuclease protection analyses of RNA from human brain, skeletal muscle, and heart. Multiple transcription initiation sites are clustered between residues -104 to -99 relative to the translation initiation codon. A potential TATA box is located 29 base pairs upstream of the first transcription initiation site. Immediately 5' to the apparent TATA box is a 35-base pair polypurine.polypyrimidine tract containing an imperfect mirror repeat which resembles sequences that form triple-stranded structures. Two intragenic DNA probes which detect restriction fragment length polymorphisms associated with the alpha 2 gene have been identified. These probes will be useful in genetic linkage analyses designed to define the possible role of the Na,K-ATPase in certain hereditary disorders.
Register Pipelining: An Integrated Approach to Register Allocation for Scalar and Subscripted Variables

Conventional compilers typically ignore the potential benefits of keeping array elements in registers for reuse, due in part to the fact that standard data flow analysis techniques used in register allocation are not expressive enough to distinguish among individual array elements. This paper introduces the concept of register pipelining as an integrated approach to register allocation for both scalar and subscripted variables. A register pipeline is a set of registers that is allocated to the live ranges of array elements inside a loop. By preserving the computed array elements in the pipeline stages, reuse is enabled across loop iterations. We present an efficient data flow algorithm that extends the construction of live ranges to array elements. To enable a fair competition among the live ranges of subscripted and scalar variables for the available registers, we developed an integrated version of the standard graph coloring algorithm for register allocation.
Interpretation-Driven Guidelines for Designing and Evaluating Grounded Theory Research: A Constructivist-Social Justice Approach

This chapter is meant as guidance for not only investigators designing qualitative research projects but for reviewers assessing manuscripts using qualitative methods. An interpretation-driven approach to design and review of qualitative research is proposed as an alternative to the approach of setting in stone rules that consist of procedure-driven prescriptions. It walks the reader through the process of considering the design of an individual study and its coherence with the epistemology of the researcher(s). This approach emphasizes the centrality of the role of interpretation that is best evaluated in relation to an epistemology, within the context of the specific study characteristics, and in service of the scientific, practice, and/or social justice goals at hand. It presents context-sensitive guidelines for researchers and reviewers to use in designing and evaluating qualitative research studies. Within the chapter, there is a specific focus on grounded theory (e.g., Glaser and Strauss, The discovery of grounded theory. Aldine, Chicago, 1967); however, many of the principles put forward to guide study design and research review may be relevant across qualitative methods.
The J2EE Platform

This chapter contains sections titled: Java 2 Enterprise Edition (J2EE) Overview J2EE Support for Distributed Process Platform Requirements J2EE Support for Distributed Data Platform Requirements J2EE Platform Implementation Alternatives Summary Glossary References Exercises
Abstract T MP17: Electrically Preconditioned Neural Stem Cells Improve Stroke Recovery

Background: Neural stem cells (NSCs) improve functional recovery after stroke, but the optimal method and conditions for delivery remain elusive. Tissue engineered scaffolds offer a unique method to manipulate and improve NSC function. We have developed a novel NSC delivery system utilizing an electrically conductive polymer scaffold to improve recovery and further elucidate repair mechanisms. Methods: Human NSCs were seeded onto an electrically conductive polymer scaffold. Electrical fields were applied to the NSCs to electrically “precondition” the cells prior to transplantation. One day after in vitro stimulation, the polymer scaffold was implanted into a distal MCA occlusion rat model 1 week post stroke, and functional recovery was assessed weekly for 4 weeks post-transplantation using the vibrissae-paw test. Control groups included unstimulated NSCs on the polymer and polymer without cells. To assess how electrical stimulation altered the cells, we performed qPCR analysis of genes of interest in stimulated and unstimulated cells on the polymer, and on NSCs on a plastic petri dish. Results: AC preconditioned NSCs improved the rate of neurologic functional recovery compared to unstimulated NSCs on the polymer (p<0.05) and significantly improved recovery compared to DC preconditioned cells and polymer alone (p<0.01). Preliminary results demonstrate that VEGF-A, -B and thrombospondin (TSP) -3 gene expression were upregulated in AC preconditioned cells compared to other groups. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that electrically preconditioned NSCs enhance stroke recovery. Gene expression of the thrombospondins (a family of matricellular proteins thought to be involved with angiogenesis and inflammation) and VEGF (proteins critical to angiogenesis) were found to be modified by electrically stimulating NSCs, suggesting possible mechanisms for functional recovery.
Operational performance of textured journal bearings lubricated with a contaminated fluid

Abstract Contemporary machinery are required to operate under more demanding conditions such as high-temperature or possible contaminated environments. Such situations affect the proper operation of rotating components and sealing systems and could reduce their service life. For instance, hydrodynamic journal bearings may suffer serious performance issues due to contamination from moisture, dust, foreign particles and wear debris. This experimental study investigates the effect of surface texturing on the steady-state performance characteristics of highly-loaded journal bearings lubricated with a contaminated lubricant. Special attention is given to the bearings’ load capacity and friction and wear at various contamination levels in the lubricant. Rig tests have been performed at selected speeds and loads on plain smooth and surface-textured journal bearings. Variable-size test dust was introduced into the lubrication system (at different rates) upstream of the test bearing while bearing characteristics were measured. Conclusions are then drawn on the effectiveness of the dimples in capturing contaminant particles and reducing the possibility of bearing failure.
Digital storytelling: a tool for health promotion and cancer awareness in rural Alaskan communities

Background . The purpose of this study was to learn community members’ perspectives about digital storytelling after viewing a digital story created by a Community Health Aide/Practitioner (CHA/P). Methods . Using a qualitative research design, we explored digital storytelling likeability as a health-messaging tool, health information viewers reported learning and, if viewing, cancer-related digital stories facilitated increased comfort in talking about cancer. In addition, we enquired if the digital stories affected how viewers felt about cancer, as well as if viewing the digital stories resulted in health behaviour change or intent to change health behaviour. Findings . A total of 15 adult community members participated in a 30–45 minute interview, 1–5 months post-viewing of a CHA/P digital story. The majority (13) of viewers interviewed were female, all were Alaska Native and they ranged in age from 25 to 54 years with the average age being 40 years. Due to the small size of communities, which ranged in population from 160 to 2,639 people, all viewers knew the story creator or knew of the story creator. Viewers reported digital stories as an acceptable, emotionally engaging way to increase their cancer awareness and begin conversations. These conversations often served as a springboard for reflection, insight, and cancer-prevention and risk-reduction activities. Keywords: digital storytelling; storytelling; cancer communication; community cancer education; Alaska Native; indigenous research; cancer education materials; digital storytelling as adult education; digital storytelling as health promotion; cancer-related digital stories (Published: 4 September 2015) Citation: Int J Circumpolar Health 2015, 74: 28781 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/ijch.v74.28781
Tyrphostin AG 1478 preferentially inhibits human glioma cells expressing truncated rather than wild-type epidermal growth factor receptors

The effects of a new epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, tyrphostin AG 1478, were tested on three related human glioma cell lines: U87MG, which expressed endogenous wild-type (wt) EGFR, and two retrovirally infected U87MG cell populations which over-expressed either wt (U87MG.wtEGFR) or truncated EGFR (U87MG. delta EGFR). Although AG 1478 inhibited cell growth, DNA synthesis, EGFR tyrosine kinase activity, and receptor autophosphorylation of each cell line in a dose-dependent manner, it was significantly more potent in U87MG. delta EGFR cells than in the other two cell lines. The increased inhibitory response of U87MG. delta EGFR cells was due to a greater sensitivity of the constitutively autophosphorylated Mr 140,000 and 155,000 delta EGFR species to AG 1478. These results suggest that AG 1478 is a relatively specific inhibitor of the delta EGFR, and this finding may have important therapeutic implications since the delta EGFR occurs frequently in glioblastomas and in breast, lung, and ovarian cancers.
Innovative manufacturing engineering program: a "SCCEME" way

Summary form only given. The Southern California Coalition for Education in Manufacturing Engineering (SCCEME) is a coalition of six major California universities which was formed in 1993 and is now one of only eight National Science Foundation Engineering Centers nationwide. The mission of SCCEME is to develop a comprehensive system of inter-university programs of undergraduate manufacturing engineering education. The Coalition focuses on the long-term systematic reform of manufacturing engineering education across the curricular enhancing exiting manufacturing-related programs, creating new degree programs and degree options related to manufacturing that emphasize integrated product and process development, and providing training programs to enhance the knowledge and skills of the manufacturing workforce.
NHERF1/EBP50 is a new marker in colorectal cancer.

Human colorectal cancer (CRC) arises from activating mutations in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway that converge with additional molecular changes to shape tumor development and patient prognosis. We report here that Na+/H+ exchanger 3 regulating factor 1 (NHERF1)/EBP50, an adaptor molecule that interacts with β-catenin, undergoes successive alterations during the colorectal adenoma-to-carcinoma transition, ranging from loss of normal apical membrane distribution to ectopic cytoplasmic overexpression. NHERF1 depletion in human intestinal epithelial polarized cells induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition, β-catenin nuclear translocation with elevation of Wnt/β-catenin transcriptional targets, and increased cell migration and invasion. Ectopic cytoplasmic NHERF1 expression additionally intensified the transformed phenotype by increasing cell proliferation. The epithelial morphology and reduced cell motility could only be restored by re-expression of NHERF1 specifically at the apical plasma membrane. We conclude that alterations in the apical membrane localization of NHERF1 contribute to CRC through the disruption of epithelial morphology. This study identifies NHERF1 as a new player in CRC progression and supports the notion that the expression or subcellular distribution of NHERF1 may be used as diagnostic marker for CRC.
Flocculation and dewatering

The design and operation of flocculation processes are discussed in the context of the specific requirements of dewatering systems such as sedimentation and filtration. Chemical conditions, reagent selection and process operating conditions are evaluated based on the fundamental mechanisms involved in particle destabilization and floc development. Opportunities for control of floc characteristics through appropriate process design are described. Specific requirements for different dewatering processes are discussed.
Temperature effects on the solid-matrix luminescence properties of 4-phenylphenol adsorbed on filter paper.

Abstract Experimental values of fluorescence quantum yield, phosphorescence quantum yield, and phosphorescence lifetime were obtained at temperatures from 23° to −180° for 4-phenylphenol adsorbed on filter paper. From the experimental values, rate constants for phosphorescence and radiationless transition from the triplet state were calculated along with the triplet formation efficiency. The data revealed several important aspects that are responsible for the room-temperature fluorescence and phosphorescence of 4-phenylphenol adsorbed on filter paper.
Differential Use of the Availability Heuristic in Social Judgment

Three experiments demonstrate that chronic applicability regulates the use of two types of information associated with the availability heuristic. In Experiment 1, participants used subjective experience of ease of retrieving behavioral instances when judging out-groups but used the number of behaviors retrieved when judging in-groups. In Experiment 2, manipulating the diagnosticity of experience of ease affected out-group but not in-group judgment. When experience of ease was diagnostic, results replicated Experiment 1; however, when experience of ease was nondiagnostic, the number of behaviors recalled was used in both in-group and out-group judgment. In Experiment 3, participants used the experience of ease to judge close friends but the number of behaviors retrieved to judge casual acquaintances. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that chronic patterns of information use and immediate situational cues define the applicability of accessible information to the judgment at hand.
Institutional Productivity Ratings Based on Publications in Nine Literacy Journals: 1992–2005

This study extended the work of three previous studies that compared the scholarly productivity of faculty members in universities as represented in nine literacy journals. The top 25 universities were identified and this study shows that several institutions have remained consistent through the years as those that produce the largest amount of scholarship. As in previous studies, the University of Georgia ranked first by a substantial margin. This ranking was adjusted according to faculty size, resulting in a reordering of institutions—the University of Georgia remained first. The top 22 universities publishing in two leading literacy research journals—Reading Research Quarterly and Journal of Literacy Research—were also identified. This study also indicates an increase in scholarly work by multiple authors from collaborating institutions, including those from public schools.
The non-neutrality of technology: A theoretical analysis and empirical study of computer mediated communication technologies

Arguing against the common perception of technology as passive, neutral, and universal, this article presents a theoretical analysis of a commonly used and frequently studied technology—Computer Mediated Communication (CMC)—to illustrate how a technology that is often undistinguished in practice and research is indeed active, biased, and specific. We then report two exploratory studies that attempt to test the proposed framework with empirical evidence. The findings suggest that differences in the features of two CMC sub-technologies result in different effects on student-student interactions and vocabulary learning. We are able to both theoretically and empirically demonstrate that CMC technology can be realized in multiple forms and shapes, each of which has its own individual characteristics. These different characteristics are distributed across four different dimensions: temporality, spatiality, identity, and modality. Depending on their relative location on these dimensions, these characteristics ha...
30Mrad(SiO2) radiation tolerant pixel front end for the BTEV experiment

Abstract The FPIX project is an effort underway at Fermilab to develop a pixel detector ASIC appropriate for use in the BTEV experiment. The most ambitious aspect of this project is that all data from all hit pixels must be read out every beam crossing ( 132 ns ) for use in the lowest level trigger system. Included in each 50 μm ×400 μm pixel is a three-bit analog to digital converter which provides pulse height information to improve resolution. Given the proximity to the beam, the chips must be radiation tolerant. Rather than focusing efforts on a rad-hard technology, the choice has been made to use the inherent radiation tolerance of deep submicron processes with radiation tolerant design techniques. This paper discusses both the design and the radiation tolerance of the FPIX pixel cell.
Phase field model of deformation twinning in tantalum: Parameterization via molecular dynamics

We present a phase field model to simulate the microstructure evolution during deformation twinning in tantalum. An order parameter, proportional to the shear strain, is employed to monitor the twinning process. The evolution of the order parameter is governed by a time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau equation, the parameters of which are determined by molecular dynamics with a model-generalized pseudopotential-theory potential. The twinning process is studied under a number of deformation conditions, and compared with the molecular dynamics counterpart.
The Perception of Children: A Genetic Study Employing the Critical Choice Delayed Reaction

* Recommended by Walter Miles, accepted for publication by Carl Murchison of the Editorial Board, and received in the Editorial Office, November 14, 1933. 1 The larger part of this work was done as an M.A. Thesis at Stanford University during the winter and spring quarters of 1932. Acknowledgments are hereby made to Dr. Maud A. Merrill, Associate Professor of Psychology, Stanford University, for her guidance and assistance; to Dr. Harold E. Jones, Professor of Psychology and Director of the Institute of Child Welfare at the University of California, for the invitation to use the facilities of the Institute in carrying out a part of this study; to Mrs. Oscar A. Anderson for the use of the facilities of her Palo Alto Nursery School; to Dr. Helen Thompson, Research Associate in the Clinic of Child Development, Yale University, for assistance in securing subjects; and to Dr. Walter R. Miles, Professor of Psychology, Institute of Human Relations, Yale University, for criticizing the manuscript.
Reliability evaluation of shrouded blading using the SAFE Interference Diagram

The SAFE Interference Diagram is shown to be useful in the design reliability evaluation of shrouded blading, including long-arc shrouding construction. This method provides an alternate method to the widely used Campbell diagram and also brings in more information for easier design evaluation. The SAFE diagram uses the natural frequencies of an entire bladed disk rather than individual blade or packet frequencies. In addition, it compares frequencies, mode shapes, and speed to evaluate whether a resonance occurs
Interactions of sulfite and manganous ion with peroxidase oxidation products of indole-3-acetic acid☆

Abstract Chemical and spectral data were used to study the fate of IAA during the first minute of its peroxidase catalysed oxidation. In the first 30 sec of the reaction, a hypsochromic shift of 2 nm was detected in the UV spectrum of IAA. In the presence of sulfite, the rate of spectral shift is enhanced. As the oxidation of IAA proceeds, the effect of sulfite diminishes, being ineffective when added to the reaction after 20–30 sec. The loss of the sulfite effect coincides with a hyperchromic shift at 264 nm. This is not observed when sulfite is added at the beginning of the oxidation reaction. The rate of the hypochromic shift at 282 nm is greatly enhanced when sulfite is added at the start of the reaction, but is ineffective when added after 30–40 sec. The initial effect of sulfite is attributed to a chain reaction of unstable IAA-free radicals and sulfite oxidation, and this is further enhanced by manganous ions, which function in electron transfer between sulfite ions and IAA-free radicals.
Cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage: An update

Symptomatic vasospasm, or delayed cerebral ischemia associated with arteriographic evidence of arterial constriction, is currently the most important cause of morbidity after acute subarachnoid hemorrhage. The development of vasospasm is directly correlated with the presence of thick blood clots in the basal subarachnoid cisterns, which can be detected by an early computed tomographic scan. Symptomatic vasospasm usually develops between 4 and 12 days after subarachnoid hemorrhage. The onset is gradual, occurring over hours or days. There is typically a gradual deterioration of the level of consciousness, accompanied by focal neurological deficits that are determined by the arterial territories involved. Hyponatremia frequently occurs and may exacerbate the symptoms. The patients are usually volume depleted, and therefore many authorities now treat them with replenishment and expansion of their intravascular volume with colloid and blood. Volume expansion, together with elevation of the systemic blood pressure and reduction of the intracranial pressure when elevated, constitute the only currently available effective therapy for symptomatic vasospasm. The cause of vasospasm remains obscure. Mechanisms of smooth muscle cell contraction and relaxation and experimental efforts to elucidate the nature of vasospasm are reviewed.
On the role of Vickers and Knoop microhardness as a guide to developing high critical current density Ag-clad BSCCO-2223 tapes

Abstract Because there are many parameters influencing the critical current density (Jc) of Ag sheathed (Bi, Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox tapes, good and easily measured correlation variables to Jc are highly desirable. Yamada et al. have recently shown that very high Jc values can be obtained when the BSCCO core is rolled to a high Vickers microhardness (Hv) prior to heat treatment. The present experiment extends the correlation by showing that there is a linear relation between the Hv of reacted tapes and Jc. Measurement of the Knoop microhardness (HK) shows that the hardness is highly anisotropic. HK measured with the long indentor axis parallel to the a-b planes shows no dependence on reaction time or Jc, while HK measured parallel to the c-axis is strongly correlated. A high microhardness appears to be directly correlated to a high-density BSCCO core with a small crack density. Such a core has good connectivity which directly translates to a high Jc value.
Potentiometric Determination of Chloride in Natural Waters: An Extended Analysis

Fully functional and inexpensive electrodes assembled by students have previously been described for use in potentiometric titrations. A detailed analysis of graphs generated from titration data obtained with such electrodes can offer students greater insight into the nature of solubility and practical use of the Nernst equation. These titration data can also be used by students to calculate the solubility product of the precipitant formed by the chemical reaction between the analyte and titrant.
Capturing simulation tool and application domain knowledge for automating simulation model creation

Model-driven architecture (MDA) is a contemporary strategy for software development using three distinct kinds of models: (1) models expressing the problem to be solved in the semantics of its domain; (2) models of the solution space in terms of hardware and software elements; and (3) models that map from the domain space to the solution space. We explore an adaptation of the MDA strategy to meet some key application challenges in creating simulation models to support system design and operating decisions. For a given simulation tool, our approach requires a single transformation model that is applicable for any domain for which the simulation tool is appropriate. For a given application domain, our approach allows an iterative development of the domain semantics. Our approach empowers the domain stakeholders with engineering tools for defining the problem to be solved and formally integrating that definition with the simulation solver. Finally, our approach captures knowledge about how to translate from the problem domain to the simulation tool so that knowledge can be taught, reused, and refined.
The effluent analysis of several pyrrone and polyimide precursors during cyclization

A study was conducted to determine the degree of cyclization occuring in a series of four pyrrone and two polyimide prepolymers. These materials were heated from 25° to 400°C at 2°C/min in a helium atmosphere, and the effluent was sampled at regular intervals by a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer technique. Quantitative analysis of this effluent indicated that the pyrrone polymers were less than 80% converted under these conditions while the polyimides were essentially fully converted. Significant amounts of carbon dioxide were found to be eliminated as the pyrrone polymers cured. This evolution was attributed to the loss of carbon dioxide from intermediate stages during cure and, in some cases, to the decarboxylation of unreacted groups. Support data obtained on model compounds are also presented.
On the elastic field around an edge dislocation with application to dislocation vibration

Abstract The elastic field around a long, straight edge dislocation moving with an arbitrary velocity is derived in the form of time integrals. An electromagnetic analogy, which is known to apply to a screw dislocation, is found to be absent. The results are applied to an edge dislocation oscillating with a small amplitude. A brief discussion of the scattering properties shows no significant difference between screw and edge dislocations.