cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Recent trends in utilization of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in survivors of cardiac arrest in the United States.

Background:Cardiac arrest (CA) is a class I indication for implantable defibrillator (ICD) therapy. We studied the trend of ICD utilization in survivors of CA in the US population between 2002 and 2006. Methods:We searched the National Hospital Discharge Survey for patients admitted with the primary diagnosis of CA who survived to hospital discharge. Patients with a concomitant diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction or previous ICD implantation were excluded. Results:From 2002 to 2006, 758 patients were surveyed representing 88,920 discharges. Of those, 396 (52.2%) representing 48,098 discharges did not survive to hospital discharge. Of the remaining 362 (representing 38,855) patients, 38.4% received an ICD prior to discharge. Independent predictors of in-hospital mortality included older age, female gender, black race, smaller hospital of discharge, and a higher number of organ failures (P < 0.001 for all). Using logistic regression, patients who were discharged with an ICD were more likely to have been discharged from a larger hospital (odds ratio = 2.35 for each additional 100 beds, P < 0.001) and to be less sick (odds ratio = 0.85 for each additional organ failure, P < 0.001). There was no gender or racial discrepancy in the ICD utilization after CA. Conclusions:Despite their class I indication after CA, ICDs continue to be underutilized, but the previously documented racial gaps have disappeared. Our data reveal a large discrepancy in ICD utilization by the size of the discharge hospital, which may suggest regional influences and gaps in resource allocations. Future studies looking into the root causes of these discrepancies and possible remedies are warranted.
CUTANEOUS BASOPHIL HYPERSENSITIVITY : II. A LIGHT AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC DESCRIPTION

Delayed onset erythematous skin reactions elicited in guinea pigs early in the course of sensitization with azobenzenearsonate-protein conjugates or with protein antigens in incomplete Freund's adjuvant or in saline were found to have a characteristic morphology which sets them apart from delayed hypersensitivity and the classic antibody mediated reactions. The principle feature was massive dermal infiltration with basophilic leukocytes. Mononuclear cells of several types including activated and small lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, and blast cells were also present. Such reactions have in the past been designated Jones-Mote hypersensitivity, but we prefer the descriptive term cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity (CBH) for the reasons given. Occasional basophils extruded their granules, and individual granules, retaining their characteristic ultrastructure, were commonly seen in the interstitium. However, intercellular junctions between endothelial cells were closed except during cell emigration and there was no morphologic evidence of an histamine-like effect. The majority of basophils, moreover, did not degranulate but underwent nuclear pyknosis and cytoplasmic degeneration and were phagocytosed by macrophages. Phagocytosed basophil granules retained their ultrastructure. Skin tests performed at late intervals after sensitization had a different time course and morphology. Animals sensitized with protein antigens in complete Freund's adjuvant developed delayed hypersensitivity; however, reactions elicited in such animals at early (but not late) intervals after sensitization contained a prominent basophil component. We interpret such reactions to be a mixture of delayed hypersensitivity and cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity. The function of the basophil in CBH and its relation to the mononuclear cells which accompany it are unknown, and various possibilities are discussed. We conclude that cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity is a distinct immunologic and morphologic entity, occurring early in the course of sensitization with protein antigens incorporated in any of several vehicles. The mechanism of the reaction is presently unknown, and a general hypothesis to explain its pathogenesis has been proposed.
Detection of Exosomal Biomarker by Electric Field-induced Release and Measurement (EFIRM)

Exosomes are microvesicular structures that play a mediating role in intercellular communication. It is of interest to study the internal cargo of exosomes to determine if they carry disease discriminatory biomarkers. For performing exosomal analysis, it is necessary to develop a method for extracting and analyzing exosomes from target biofluids without damaging the internal content. Electric field-induced release and measurement (EFIRM) is a method for specifically extracting exosomes from biofluids, unloading their cargo, and testing their internal RNA/protein content. Using an anti-human CD63 specific antibody magnetic microparticle, exosomes are first precipitated from biofluids. Following extraction, low-voltage electric cyclic square waves (CSW) are applied to disrupt the vesicular membrane and cause cargo unloading. The content of the exosome is hybridized to DNA primers or antibodies immobilized on an electrode surface for quantification of molecular content. The EFIRM method is advantageous for extraction of exosomes and unloading cargo for analysis without lysis buffer. This method is capable of performing specific detection of both RNA and protein biomarker targets in the exosome. EFIRM extracts exosomes specifically based on their surface markers as opposed to size-based techniques. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and assay demonstrate the functionality of the method for exosome capture and analysis. The EFIRM method was applied to exosomal analysis of 9 mice injected with human lung cancer H640 cells (a cell line transfected to express the exosome marker human CD63-GFP) in order to test their exosome profile against 11 mice receiving saline controls. Elevated levels of exosomal biomarkers (reference gene GAPDH and protein surface marker human CD63-GFP) were found for the H640 injected mice in both serum and saliva samples. Furthermore, saliva and serum samples were demonstrated to have linearity (R = 0.79). These results are suggestive for the viability of salivary exosome biomarkers for detection of distal diseases.
Optical Properties of Wurtzite GaN and ZnO Quantum Dots

We have investigated exciton states in wurtzite GaN/AlN and ZnO quantum dots. A strong piezoelectric field in GaN/AlN quantum dots is found to tilt conduction and valence bands, thus pushing the electron to the top and the hole to the bottom of the GaN/A1N quantum dot. As a result, the exciton ground state energy in GaN/AlN quantum dots with heights larger than 3 nm exhibits a red shift with respect to bulk GaN energy gap. It is shown that the radiative decay time in GaN/AlN quantum dots is large and increases from 0.3 ns for quantum dots with height 1.5 nm to 1.1×103 ns for the quantum dots with height 4.5 nm. On the contrary, the electron and the hole are not separated in ZnO quantum dots. Moreover, a relatively thick “dead layer” is formed near the surface of ZnO quantum dots. As a result, the radiative decay time in ZnO quantum dots is small and decreases from 73 ps for quantum dots with diameter 1.5 nm to 29 ps for the quantum dots with diameter 6 nm.
Heterophylly of Didiplis diandra (Nutt. ex A.DC.) Wood (Lythraceae) and a Key to Some Rooted Shallow Water and Shoreline Herbs of the Mid-Atlantic Piedmont

Abstract Didiplis diandra is a small shoreline aquatic plant scattered throughout eastern North America. In the Atlantic coast states from Virginia to Georgia it has been confused with other species that grow in similar habitats. Leaves of D. diandra are heterophyllous, submersed leaves average 15.4 mm long while emersed leaves average 6.3 mm long. A taxonomic key is presented to aid in identification of small shallow water and shoreline aquatic plants including members of the genera Callitriche, Crassula, Elatine and Ludwigia.
Breaks in DNA accompany estrogen-receptor-mediated cytotoxicity from 16α[125I]iodo-17β-estradiol

Strategies for diagnosis and therapy in which sex steroid receptor ligands serve as carriers for radionuclides are attractive because a high incidence of carcinomas of the female genital tract and the breast that are seen clinically have an abundant expression of one or more of the receptor proteins. A radiohalogenated estrogen receptor (ER) ligand, 16α-[123I]iodo-17β-estradiol [123I]E, has met clinical criteria for receptor-mediated diagnostic imaging. Its [125]I-labeled sister nuclide derivative [125I]E decays by orbital electron capture with emission of very-low-energy (Auger) electrons, which gives this latter radiohalogen the potential to serve in pharmaceuticals for radiotherapy; as examples, [125I]deoxyuridine, when incorporated into the DNA molecule, or [125I]E, when bound to the receptor within ER-rich tumor cells, are both cytotoxic in vitro. Whereas the mechanisms and subcellular changes that accompany the cytotoxicity from [125I]deoxyuridine are well documented in the form of aberrations and breaks in the cellular DNA, the effects at the subcellular level causing the cytotoxicity of the sex steroid receptor ligand [125I]E have not been characterized and are the focus of our study. We found that in a standard colonyforming assay the addition of [125I]E to the cultures decreased the survival rate of ER-positive MCF-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The decreased survival rate was prevented by the addition of competing excess radioinert ER ligand (diethylstilbestrol); [125I]E did not reduce survival in ER-negative MCF-7 cells. The [125I]E-induced and ER-mediated cytotoxicity was accompanied by aberrations in the DNA components of the nuclei of the cells. These included chromatid and chromosome breaks, gaps, and tri-radial chromosome formation. Our findings add plausibility and credence to the notion that the cytotoxicity imparted by Auger-electron-emitting radioligands for sex steroid receptors is in part attributable to radiodecay that causes double-stranded breakage of DNA.
Practicing citizenship: Latino parents broadening notions of citizenship through participatory research

Using a combined methodology of Participatory Research and Critical Ethnography, this article documents the politics and practice of a committed group of Latino parents who, through community-based research and organizing efforts, sought to address the disproportionate underachievement of Latino students within their city's public school system. In doing so, they in effect broadened the core concepts of political participation and citizenship. Their story calls attention to the way that people engage in community activism and link with academic research in order to challenge and transform both their immediate worlds and the larger sociopolitical structures that shape them.
Numerical study of spacecraft contamination and interactions by ion-thruster effluents

A two-dimensional axisymmetric model was developed to investigate the plasma environment induced by an ion thruster and to assess plume backflow contamination. Predictions of the propellant charge-exchange plasma and sputtered molybdenum-grid metal effluents from the NASA 30-cm xenon ion thruster over a wide range of operating conditions during space operation are presented and discussed. It is verified that previous scaling relationships for the backflowing contamination, for a given geometry configuration, can be used to scale backflowing currents as a function of thruster operating conditions. The deposition of sputtered molybdenum-grid ions is computed and is found to be less than previous estimates. It is shown that the electron temperature plays an important role in the plume, with the backflow currents increasing with electron temperature. In addition, the effectiveness of a plume shield in reducing backflow contamination is assessed and found to be effective.
31P chemical shifts in phosphate diester monoanions. Bond angle and torsional angle effects

Summary The 31P chemical shifts of phosphate diester monoanions are correlated with the phosphorus total electron densities calculated by the CNDO/2 molecular orbital method. The large downfield chemical shift of cyclic five-membered ring phosphate diesters is associated with both a decrease in the O-P-O bond angle and an eclipsing of the phosphate ester bonds. The upfield shift of cyclic six-membered ring diesters is associated with a torsional angle effect only. A chemical shift-torsional angle contour map has been created and shown to explain 31P chemical shifts in oligo- and polynucleic acids.
Transcendental Meditation and Social Psychological Attitudes

Summary Students who practiced Transcendental Meditation (TM) from four university and college campuses were individually matched on seven variables with students from the general population of the same campuses (N # 23 matches). Results of a questionnaire designed to tap six social psychological attitudes indicated significant differences between these groups on five attitudes, with meditating students indicating more positive attitudes. In addition, matched meditating students (N # 6 matches) were compared on the variables of exposure to the TM philosophy and length of time meditating. Results on the exposure dimension found no significant difference between those with high or low exposure on the measured attitudes. Results on the length dimension found long term meditators with significantly more positive attitudes than short term meditators.
3D High-resolution geophysical characterization of the Borax Lake Hydrothermal System in the Alvord Basin, southeastern Oregon.

Summary The Borax Lake Hydrothermal System is an active group of hot springs located in the Alvord Basin, Oregon. There are over 100 hot springs aligned linearly in the north-south direction (Fairley et al., 2003) suggesting active north-south faulting. A left lateral offset in the surface trend of the hot springs indicates the presence of fault strands perhaps due to rotation and transfer of strain. Previous studies have shown relationships between faults and various groundwater properties such as groundwater flow fields, spring discharge, water table elevations (Rojstaczer et al., 1995; Melchiorre and Criss, 1999), and occurrence of geothermal springs (Curewitz and Karson, 1997). Results from a nearby 2D seismic profile indicate a shallow (< 100 m depth) mid-basin basement high that is approximately aligned with the springs at the surface (Bradford et al., 2004). We collected high-resolution 3D seismic reflection and magnetic data around the step-over in the trend of the hot springs. The results from the 3D seismic reflection survey indicate faults connect to the hot springs at the surface and may act as the conduits for upflowing water. A 3D inversion of total field magnetic data reveals conduit-like structures of low magnetic susceptibility that may represent channels of preferential fluid flow.
Vitamin C intake and the risk of preterm delivery.

OBJECTIVE: Ascorbic acid deficiency may lead to premature rupture of the membranes. STUDY DESIGN: The study included a prospective cohort of pregnant women, aged ≥16 years, with singleton gestations who received care at one of four prenatal clinics in central North Carolina from 1995 through 1998. Vitamin C intake preconceptionally and during the second trimester was examined for its association with preterm delivery and subsets of preterm labor, premature rupture of the membranes, and medical induction in 2064 women. RESULTS: Women who had total vitamin C intakes of <10th percentile preconceptionally had twice the risk of preterm delivery because of premature rupture of the membranes (relative risk, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.1, 4.5). This risk was attenuated slightly for second-trimester intake (relative risk, 1.7; 95% CI, 0.8, 3.5). The elevated risk of preterm premature rupture of the membranes was greatest for women with a low vitamin C intake during both time periods. CONCLUSION: Because diet and supplement use are modifiable behaviors, corroboration of these findings would suggest a possible intervention strategy.
Autofluorescence And Other Optical Properties As Tools In Biological Oceanography

Bulk fluorescence measurements have been popular in algal culture studies and in oceanographic and limnological applications. Usually, fluorescence is interpreted as an indicator of chlorophyll concentration or phytoplankton biomass, but sometimes measurements of fluorescence can be related to physiological properties of phytoplankton, such as responses to light. Now that in situ fluorometers are being deployed routinely with optical packages, there is active interest in interpreting the relationships between fluorescence, beam transmission, diffuse attenuation, and the physiological characteristics of phytoplankton. Flow cytometry offers the potential to extend these interpretations to the scale of individual cells. It may be difficult to compare measurements of fluorescence, however, because instruments differ greatly in excitation irradiance and time scale of measurement. With this in mind, we examined the short-term responses of a marine diatom to bright light, comparing different instruments (SeaTech in situ fluorometer, Turner Designs fluorometer, EPICS flow cytometer, FACS Analyzer, SeaTech beam transmissometer) while making concurrent measurements of photosynthesis vs irradiance and absorption spectra. Each fluorometer yielded somewhat different information, yet all showed a similar pattern of inhibition after exposure. One instrument, the in situ pulsed fluorometer, could show rapid changes of fluorescence immediately after large shifts of irradiance. Beam attenuation did not decline with the bright light treatment, nor did the specific absorption of chlorophyll. Photosynthetic efficiency was reduced after exposure to bright light, but the capacity for photosynthesis in high irradiance increased at the same time. These results are preliminary: nonetheless they support some interpretations of fluorescence/beam attenuation ratios, clarify some aspects of photosynthetic response to bright light, and suggest that flow cytometry may be useful for assessing physiological heterogeneity in phytoplankton assemblages.
Higher-order explicitly correlated coupled-cluster methods

Efficient computer codes for the explicitly correlated coupled-cluster (CC-R12 or F12) methods with up to triple (CCSDT-R12) and quadruple excitations (CCSDTQ-R12), which take account of the spin, Abelian point-group, and index-permutation symmetries and are based on complete diagrammatic equations, have been implemented with the aid of the computerized symbolic algebra SMITH. Together with the explicitly correlated coupled-cluster singles and doubles (CCSD-R12) method reported earlier [T. Shiozaki et al., J. Chem. Phys. 129, 071101 (2008)], they form a hierarchy of systematic approximations (CCSD-R12<CCSDT-R12<CCSDTQ-R12) that converge very rapidly toward the exact solutions of the polyatomic Schrodinger equations with respect to both the highest excitation rank and basis-set size. Using the Slater-type function exp(-gamma r(12)) as a correlation function, a CC-R12 method can provide the aug-cc-pV5Z-quality results of the conventional CC method of the same excitation rank using only the aug-cc-pVTZ basis set. Combining these CC-R12 methods with the grid-based, numerical Hartree-Fock equation solver [T. Shiozaki and S. Hirata, Phys. Rev. A 76, 040503(R) (2007)], the solutions (eigenvalues) of the Schrodinger equations of neon, boron hydride, hydrogen fluoride, and water at their equilibrium geometries have been obtained as -128.9377+/-0.0004, -25.2892+/-0.0002, -100.459+/-0.001, and -76.437+/-0.003 E(h), respectively, without resorting to complete-basis-set extrapolations. These absolute total energies or the corresponding correlation energies agree within the quoted uncertainty with the accurate, nonrelativistic, Born-Oppenheimer values derived experimentally and/or computationally.
Gel shrinkage and nutrient addition in unstirred batch zeolite A reaction systems

Abstract The shrinkage of the opaque portion of zeolite reaction mixtures during hydrothermal treatment was studied. Experimental results for unstirred, batch zeolite A reaction systems showed that the non-(solid gel) fraction changed during the course of the reaction. The results also showed that the sudden shrinkage of the opaque portion during the reaction did not correlate with the sudden appearance of crystals in the mixture, but was due to crystal growth. Experiments also were performed in which nutrient materials, both with and without a nucleation control agent (triethanolamine), were added to reacting mixtures at various times during reaction. Nutrient additions without nucleation control resulted in only a small increase in size of the zeolite A product. The largest crystal sizes were obtained, however, when the nucleation control agent was present in the original mixture from the beginning of the reaction.
Land use/cover change in central Tibet, c. 1830-1990: devising a GIS methodology to study a historical Tibetan land decree

In this study, historical Tibetan tax-related data pertaining to cultivated land in central Tibet are studied by means of GIS and compared with contemporary patterns. A Tibetan land decree from 1830 contains aggregated data on the amount of land-based tax units for estates in 57 districts of central Tibet. The purpose of this study is to devise a GIS methodology to study the potential utility of these data for historical geographical research, and to determine the approximate changes in cultivated land areas between 1830 and 1990. Traditional Tibetan tax data are significant for current efforts to construct historical land cover databases of the Tibetan Plateau region for the study of the human dimensions of global change.
Anion and Cation Effects on Olefin Adsorption on Silver and Copper Halides: Ab Initio Effective Core Potential Study of π-Complexation

An ab initio molecular orbital study using the effective core potentials (ECP) is performed to determine the anion and cation effects on the adsorption of C2H4 and C3H6 on CuX and AgX (X = F, Cl, Br, I). Compared with all-electron calculations, the ab initio ECPs require only a fraction of the computational resources with accuracy that approaches that of the all-electron calculations. The following trends of anion and cation effects were obtained for the adsorption of C2H4 and C3H6 on the metal halides: F- > Cl- > Br- > I- for anions, and Cu+ > Ag+ for cations. These trends are in excellent agreement with the experimental results. In addition, the theoretical metal−olefin bond energies are in fair agreement with the experimental data. A detailed analysis of the electronic distribution is also performed using natural bond orbital (NBO) theory. The NBO results show that the d−π* back-donation is about twice that of the σ donation for the Cu+−olefin bonds, whereas the two donations are of the same order for...
The Decades of Life: Relocating Erikson's Stages

Erik H. Erikson's life cycle schema consists of eight stages. Three are located in infancy and early childhood (ages 1–5), one in childhood (5–12), one in adolescence, and three in adulthood. This essay proposes a relocation of the stages in terms of decades. The eight psychosocial crises in Erikson's model are retained, but each crisis and its resolution is the central theme of a decade of life. This relocation of Erikson's stages orients the life cycle schema more toward adulthood than to early childhood, as six of the stages now occur in the adult years. It also reflects Erikson's theoretical shift in emphasis from the “ego” to “the sense of I” in his later writings. A proposal for how the ninth and tenth decades fit into the schema is also offered.
EVA® and Stock Performance

Investors make investment decisions based on various performance measures. This study assesses whether investors should base their investment decisions on market value added (MVA), economic value added (EVA), or future growth reliance (FGR). Griffith finds that investors basing their investment decisions on MVA, EVA, or FGR would have suffered significant losses.
Synaptic Targeting of the Postsynaptic Density Protein PSD-95 Mediated by a Tyrosine-based Trafficking Signal

Synaptic function requires proper localization of proteins at synaptic sites. Targeting of the postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) relies on multiple signals within the protein, including twelve C-terminal amino acids. We now show that this C-terminal targeting domain of PSD-95 mediates postsynaptic localization through a short tyrosine-based motif followed by a pair of hydrophobic amino acids. Consistent with a role in cellular trafficking, the tyrosine motif resembles the canonical motif for interactions with clathrin adaptor proteins. In fact, we find that the C-terminal targeting domain of PSD-95 is sufficient to mediate clathrin-dependent endocytosis when appended to a transmembrane protein. Furthermore, systematic mutagenesis reveals that endocytosis mediated by this domain depends on both the tyrosine motif and the dihydrophobic amino acid pair. Thus, postsynaptic targeting of PSD-95 requires a tyrosine-based signal that can mediate clathrin-coated vesicle formation.
Distributed systems in the undergraduate curriculum

Much of the design and development for new computing systems in the 1990's is being done in a networked computing environment with distributed goals. So why do so many 4-year college computer science departments still not teach "Distributed computing systems" in their undergraduate curriculum? The reasons are varied, but one main one is the belief that such a course requires expensive hardware and the very latest software development tools. This article demonstrates how a course for undergraduates in distributed computing can be successful at giving the students the concepts and principles, while enabling them to create such an application to experience the distributed environment, and do it all on a limited budget. The principles are highlighted along with a practical design and development component, which can give seniors a way to tie together many of the principles and applications of previous courses.
Cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil infusion in patients with recurrent and disseminated epidermoid cancer of the head and neck

The combination of cisplatin and 96-hour infusion of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was evaluated in 30 patients with recurrent (local and regional) and disseminated histologically proven epidermoid cancer of the head and neck who failed surgery and radiotherapy. Cisplatin 100 mg/M2 intravenous (IV) bolus was given on day 1 with hydration and mannitol diuresis; 5-FU 1000 mg/M2 per day for 96-hour infusion was started immediately after cisplatin on day 1. All patients had measurable lesions. Eight (27%) patients achieved complete response (CR), and 13 (43%) had partial response (PR). Overall response rate was 70% (8 of 30 CR and 13 of 30 PR). Response rate in patients with recurrent local and regional disease was 89% (17/19) with median survival of 32 weeks, while response in patients with disseminated disease was 36% (4/11) with median survival of 24 weeks. Patients with good performance status (PS) (greater than or equal to 70%) had a response rate of 79% (19/24), while those with poor PS (less than 70%) had a response rate of 33% (2/6). Seven patients with recurrent disease who had a response to this chemotherapy went to further salvage surgical procedures. It is concluded that the combination of cisplatin and 5-FU is very effective and well tolerated in these patients, and leads to further salvage in some patients with improved longevity and quality of life.
Stimulus generalization of auto-shaped key-pecking following interdimensional and extradimensional training

Abstract In three experiments, groups of pigeons were tested for wavelength generalization of auto-shaped key-pecking following different types of training. In Experiment I, one group received auto-shape trials with a 555-nm CS. Another group received auto-shape trials with a 555-nm CS and a white CS. A third group received auto-shape trials with a 555-nm CS and a white CS, except the white CS was nonreinforced. The third group yielded the sharpest gradient, whereas the second group yielded the flattest gradient. In Experiment II, one group received auto-shape trials with a 555-nm CS. A second group received auto-shape trials with a 555-nm CS and a compound CS consisting of a vertical white line on a 555-nm background. A third group received auto-shape trials with a 555-nm CS and a compound CS, except that the compound was nonreinforced. The third group yielded the sharpest wavelength gradient, whereas the second group yielded the flattest. In Experiment III, exposure differences to 555 nm in Experiment II resulting from differential speeds of auto-shape acquisition were controlled by the use of an ITI manipulation. Amount of exposure to 555 nm was shown not to be responsible for the results of Experiment II.
Expression of a foreign eukaryotic gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: β-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis

Three recombinant DNA vectors carrying the beta-galactosidase structural gene, LAC4, from the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis were constructed and transformed into Saccharomyces cerevisiae. All transformants expressed the beta-galactosidase activity of LAC4. However, the level of enzyme activity varied, being highest in cells transformed with vectors which are maintained as multicopy plasmids and lowest in cells transformed with a vector which integrates into chromosomes. Enzyme levels probably reflect gene dosage. LAC4 is very stable when integrated into a chromosome, but unstable when carried on a plasmid. Therefore, stability is a property of the recombinant vector rather than of LAC4, LAC4-coded beta-galactosidase synthesized in either S. cerevisiae or in K. lactis is the same as judged by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. However S. cerevisiae transformed with LAC4 cannot grow on lactose, probably because lactose does not enter the cell.
Activation cross-sections for reaction of chlorine and copper with 14.8 MeV neutrons

Absolute neutron activation cross-sections at 14.8 Mev were measured for chlorine and for ihe Cu/sup 65/(n, p) reaction, based on comparison with Cu/sup 63/(n, 2n)Cu/sup 62/ reaction (556 mb) which was used as a standard monitor for the neutron flux. The observed reactions. half-lives. and cross-sections are: Cl/ sup 37/(n,p)S.sup 37/, 5.0 min. 25.4 plus or minus 2.1 mb; Cl/sup 37/(n, alpha )P/sup 34, 12.5 sec, 43.8 plus or minus 6.9 mb; Cl/sup 35(n, alpha )P/sup 14.5 d. 122 = 56 mb: Cl/sup 35/(n,2n)Cl/sup 34m/(upper state). 32.4 min. 5.6 plus or minus 2/0 mb; Cl/sup 35(n,2n)Cl/sup 34g/(ground-state), 1.5 sec. 2.8 plus or minus 0.5 mb: and. from the copper monitor. he chlorine cross-sections with values esiimated according to the compound nucleus theory as outlined by Blatt and Weisskopf show the usual deviations. These deviations are attributed io inadequacies in the simple version of the compound nucleus theory. (auth)
Monoterpene oviposition stimulants ofDioryctria amatella in volatiles from fusiform rust galls and second-year loblolly pine cones.

Volatiles collected on Poropak Q from fusiform rust galls (Cronartium quercuum F. sp.fusiforme) of loblolly pine for 3 hr were better ovi-position stimulants forDioryctria amatella (Hulst) females than extracts of 8-hr collections. GLC analysis of these extracts showed no major differences in relative monoterpene composition, although 8-hr collections contained an unidentified compound not detected in the 3-hr collections. Comparison of volatiles from second-year loblolly pine cones with those from fusiform galls showed that both containeddl-α-pinene, (−)-β-pinene, myrcene, and (+)-limonene. Camphene was found in galls only, and relatively large quantities of β-phellandrene were identified only from cones. The five major monoterpenes found in the two host substrates were tested in an oviposition bioassay. Eighteen trials using different combinations of these terpenes showed that the combination of α-pinene, myrcene, and limonene was as attractive toD. amatella females as all other terpene combinations, including turpentine.
Mice with cardiac-specific sequestration of the β-subunit of the L-type calcium channel

Abstract The β subunit of the L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel modifies the properties of the channel complex by both allosteric modulation of the α 1 subunit function and by chaperoning the translocation of the α 1 subunit to the plasma membrane. The goal of this study was to investigate the functional effect of changing the in vivo stoichiometry between the α 1 and β subunits by creating a dominant negative expression system in a transgenic mouse model. The high affinity β subunit-binding domain of the α 1 subunit was overexpressed in a cardiac-specific manner to act as a β subunit trap. We found that the predominant β isoform was located primarily in the membrane bound fraction of heart protein, whereas the β 1 and β 3 were mostly cytosolic. There was a significant diminution of the amount of β 2 in the membrane fraction of the transgenic animals, resulting in a decrease in contractility of the heart and a decrease in L-type calcium current density in the myocyte. However, there were no distinguishable differences in β 1 and β 3 protein expression levels in the membrane bound fraction between transgenic and non-transgenic animals. Since the β 1 and β 3 isoforms only make up a small portion of the total β subunit in the heart, slight changes in this fraction are not detectable using Western analysis. In contrast, β 1 and β 3 in skeletal muscle and brain, the predominant isoforms in these tissues, respectively, are membrane bound.
Producing and consuming urban planning exhibition halls in contemporary China

As if trying to seek order among the chaos, urban planning exhibition halls, a unique creation of China’s planning manifesto during the market reform period, have started to appear on the horizon in many cities since the 2000s. This paper examines the production of planning exhibition halls and evaluates their use. It analyses how local governments have used urban planning exhibition halls to perform a set of functions: to prepare the mass audience for its grand future vision, to legitimate government plans for (re)development, to present the edited local history, to promote/glorify the mega events/projects, to spread particular propaganda and to manipulate citizen participation. Further, it finds that while most visitors are satisfied with the information dissemination function, they are disappointed at limited public participation opportunities, poorly presented cultural heritage and inadequately preserved city memory regarding its past plans.
The maternal experience of kangaroo holding.

Objective To describe the maternal experience of kangaroo holding premature infants in the neonatal intensive care unit. Design Qualitative, naturalistic inquiry design using open‐ended, transcribed audiotaped face‐to‐face interviews. Setting Level III 70‐bed tertiary care neonatal intensive care unit in Delaware. Participants Eighteen mothers who kangaroo held their premature infants were interviewed over a 5‐month period of time. Intervention Mothers were interviewed following a 60‐minute kangaroo holding session in the neonatal intensive care unit. Additionally, unobtrusive detailed observation of each mother’s kangaroo holding experience was recorded and analyzed. Main Outcome Measure Maternal behaviors and interactions and related nursing and environmental interactions. Results Triangulation of demographic data, observation data, and themes of the interviews supports the use of kangaroo holding as a method to improve maternal confidence in caring for premature infants. Mothers reported feelings of “being needed” and “feeling comfortable” with the holding experience regardless of the infant’s physical health status. Conclusions Results identify maternal experiences of and responses to kangaroo holding in the intensive care environment, leading to the increased understanding of the multifaceted advantages of kangaroo holding on maternal attachment behaviors.
Barriers to mental health treatment among obstetric patients at risk for depression

Objective The objective of the study was to examine mental health referrals outcomes among obstetric patients at risk for depression. Study Design Fifty-one perinatal women who were offered mental health referrals were queried about their behaviors at 4 steps in the treatment engagement process and factors facilitating or impeding each step. Results Although 59% of at-risk women accepted mental health referrals, only 27% ultimately engaged in treatment. Women who proactively sought help via a hotline were more likely to accept referrals ( P P P Conclusion Only a minority of women who are at risk for perinatal depression and receive mental health referrals ultimately engage in treatment. Successful linkage may be enhanced via interventions targeting identified barriers; such interventions require prospective evaluation.
A versatile electronic pulse-shape discriminator

Abstract A pulse-shape discrimination circuit designed for use with multidetector arrays has been tested. Each module, containing two channels, occupies a single slot in a standard nuclear instrumentation module (NIM) crate and can be used without alteration, tests have shown, with either NE213 liquid scintillator detectors for neutron-gamma ray discrimination or with NaI(Tl) detectors for charged particle identification. Variations of the circuit which minimize either the power consumption or the complexity are presented. Outputs are provided for either a charge-to-digital converter or a time-to-digital converter.
Feedback: A New Framework for Macroeconomic Policy

1. Introduction.- 2. Feedback: A Familiar Idea.- I Feedback : A New Framework.- 3. Goals.- 4. Dynamics.- 5. Uncertainty.- II Policy in a Feedback Framework.- 6. Feedback Rules.- 7. Confidence Intervals Again.- 8. Automatic Stabilizers Revisited.- III Limitations.- 9. The Choice of Criterion.- 10. Reactions to Policy.- 11. The Choice of Model.- 12. Multiple Decision Makers.- IV Conclusions.- 13. Conclusions.- Notes.- References.
Presentation rates and keywords in vocabulary learning

In Experiment 1, vocabulary learning for subjects given typical study instructions was higher for lists presented twice at a 4-sec rate than for lists presented once at an 8-sec rate; subjects in a mnemonic condition reported being unable to implement the mnemonic keyword method at the 4-sec rate. In Experiment 2, keyword subjects were superior to nonmnemonic subjects when presented with lists one time at a 9-sec rate, but subjects given three list presentations at a 3-sec rate without mnemonic instructions were still higher. The common practice in keyword experiments of imposing presentation rates on both the nonmnemonic and the keyword conditions appears to yield a distorted picture of the relative effectiveness of these conditions in more typical situatons wherein presentation-rate constraints are absent.
The α4β7 integrin binds HIV envelope but does not mediate bystander killing of γδ T cells

To the editor: Our previous study showed HIV envelope glycoprotein induces killing of CD4-negative Vγ2Vδ2 (referred as Vδ2) T cells by binding to CCR5 and α4β7.[1][1] Blocking either CCR5 with receptor antagonists or α4β7 with MAdCAM1 reduced Env binding and killing of Vδ2 cells. Signaling
Transcriptional activation of a conserved sequence element by ras requires a nuclear factor distinct from c-fos or c-jun.

Abstract The expression of transforming growth factor beta type 1 mRNA was increased by conditional expression of ras. A 31-base-pair sequence found approximately 420 base pairs upstream of the gene encoding human transforming growth factor beta 1 acted as a ras-responsive enhancer element in transient transfection assays. The human sequence contains the element TGACTCT that also is found in a murine ras-responsive enhancer. Analysis of nuclear factors present in cells stably transformed by ras indicated that both human and murine sequences were recognized by the same nuclear factor. The role of fos and jun in ras transcriptional activation was analyzed in transfection assays using murine elements that contained either TGACTCT or TGAGTAA. These experiments showed that while both elements are activated by fos/jun expression to nearly the same event, only the former element responded to ras. In addition, activation of reporters containing TGACTCT is 6-fold higher by ras than by fos/jun. Gel retention experiments revealed that the nuclear factor present in cells transformed by ras exhibited the same sequence preference as demonstrated in the transient transfection assays. UV-crosslinking experiments identify a protein of apparent molecular mass 120 kDa that recognizes the ras-responsive element. This work identifies a persistent signal transduction pathway that links ras to nuclear transcription and indicates that a 120-kDa protein is a target of this pathway.
Revival of the Gomory cuts in the 1990’s

In the early 90’s, the research community was unanimous: In order to solve integer programs of meaningful sizes, one had to exploit the structure of the underlying combinatorial problem; Gomory cuts (Gomory, 1960, 1963) made elegant theory (because they did not require knowledge of the underlying structure) but were utterly useless in practice (because they did not use the underlying structure!). I will come back shortly to these widely held beliefs. A practitioner confronted with a general mixed integer linear program (MILP) who did not have the time or skill to “exploit the underlying structure” had to resort to commercial codes that had been perfected in the early 70’s and had not been improved significantly in the following two decades. These branch-and-bound codes could solve small to medium size instances of MILP’s, but many applications were beyond their ability. Because MILP is NP-hard, it was widely accepted that nothing much could be done about this state of affairs. The sentiment was that there was little research left to do on branch-and-bound algorithms for general MILP’s. On the other hand, branch-and-cut algorithms for structured problems generated a tremendous amount of excitement. Padberg and Rinaldi obtained spectacular results for the traveling salesman problem. The same general philosophy was applied with a varying degree of success to numerous other classes of problems. Typically, for each class, a paper or series of papers would first identify facets of the integer polyhedron (i.e. the convex hull of the feasible solutions to the integer program), then present separation algorithms or heuristics for these facets and finally report some computational results. The success of such branch-and-cut algorithms was attributed to the use of facets of the integer polyhedron. By contrast, prominent researchers had a low opinion of the practical usefulness of Gomory cuts, including Gomory himself. Here are a few representative quotes reflecting the general sentiment in the early 90’s.
Study of Multi-Scale temporal extension and Minkowski a MSSIM

Numerous image and video quality metrics have been proposed over the last three decades. One of such metrics is the Structural Similarity (SSIM) which deviates from the existing quality metrics that quantify image degradation on the basis of perceived errors to a new paradigm that measures image degradation based on the changes in structural information variation [2]. A multi-scale extension to this approach measure the SSIM for the image at different scales after iteratively passing it through the low pass filter and down-sampling it [3]. In this paper, we extend the Multi-scale Structural Similarity (MSSIM) algorithm to multiple temporal scales by using the low-pass response of the Haar wavelet and study its performance at various scales and effect of combining the individual frame quality score using Minkowski pooling at each scale. Our result in a total of 470 videos from two different publicly available database show that Minkowski's pooling of the frames in general increases the subjective correlation, and higher temporal scales do not necessarily increase the correlation with the subjective scores.
SS433 continues to perplex

Etude de raies d'emission dans le spectre radio, IR, visible et RX de cet objet nouvellement decouvert
Parvovirus Glycan Interactions

Members of the Parvoviridae utilize glycan receptors for cellular attachment and subsequent interactions determine transduction efficiency or pathogenic outcome. This review focuses on the identity of the glycan receptors utilized, their capsid binding footprints, and a discussion of the overlap of these sites with tropism, transduction, and pathogenicity determinants. Despite high sequence diversity between the different genera, most parvoviruses bind to negatively charged glycans, such as sialic acid and heparan sulfate, abundant on cell surface membranes. The capsid structure of these viruses exhibit high structural homology enabling common regions to be utilized for glycan binding. At the same time the sequence diversity at the common footprints allows for binding of different glycans or differential binding of the same glycan.
Feature-preserving surface mesh smoothing via suboptimal Delaunay triangulation

A method of triangular surface mesh smoothing is presented to improve angle quality by extending the original optimal Delaunay triangulation (ODT) to surface meshes. The mesh quality is improved by solving a quadratic optimization problem that minimizes the approximated interpolation error between a parabolic function and its piecewise linear interpolation defined on the mesh. A suboptimal problem is derived to guarantee a unique, analytic solution that is significantly faster with little loss in accuracy as compared to the optimal one. In addition to the quality-improving capability, the proposed method has been adapted to remove noise while faithfully preserving sharp features such as edges and corners of a mesh. Numerous experiments are included to demonstrate the performance of the method.
Latent Mixture of Discriminative Experts

In this paper, we introduce a new model called Latent Mixture of Discriminative Experts which can automatically learn the temporal relationship between different modalities. Since, we train separate experts for each modality, LMDE is capable of improving the prediction performance even with limited amount of data. For model interpretation, we present a sparse feature ranking algorithm that exploits L1 regularization. An empirical evaluation is provided on the task of listener backchannel prediction (i.e., head nod). We introduce a new error evaluation metric called User-adaptive Prediction Accuracy that takes into account the difference in people's backchannel responses. Our results confirm the importance of combining five types of multimodal features: lexical, syntactic structure, part-of-speech, visual and prosody. Latent Mixture of Discriminative Experts model outperforms previous approaches.
Late results of aortic valvotomy for congenital valvar aortic stenosis

Fifty-one patients, aged 1 to 18 years, having aortic valvotomy for congenital valvar aortic stenosis between 1956 and 1986 were followed up. The average age at operation was 11.5 years, with an operative mortality of 3.9%. The aortic valve gradient decreased from a mean preoperative value of 91 mm Hg to 27 mm Hg postoperatively. Current follow-up was 90% and averaged 16.8 years. Late cardiac mortality was 17.6%, with actuarial survival of 93.7% at 10 and 15 years, 81.8% at 20 and 25 years, and 70.9% at 28 years. Nineteen patients required reoperation (39%) at a mean of 17.7 years postoperatively, with a reoperation-free survival of 98% at 10 years. The reoperation rate accelerated in the following decade to 3.3% per year. Ten patients without reoperation were evaluated by continuous-wave Doppler echocardiography. The mean gradient was 21.6 mm Hg, and 90% had mild to moderate aortic insufficiency. This study confirms the efficacy of valvotomy in this age group and suggests that long-term survival and time to reoperation may be longer than previously reported.