cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Van de Ven and Johnson's “Engaged Scholarship”: Nice Try, But…

Practitioners find little value in academic research. Some see it as a knowledge flow problem; others see practitioner and academic knowledge as unrelated. Van de Venand Johnson propose a pluralistic collective of researchers and practitioners using “engaged scholarship” and intellectual arbitrage to create practitioner-meaningful research. It's a nice dream, but not a solution; bias, disciplines, and particularism remain. Neither discipline-centric nor practitioner-driven research offers a solution. Earthquake science offers a better model for business school research.
Phosphorylation Status of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Distinguishes Metabolic Phenotypes of Cultured Rat Brain Astrocytes and Neurons

Glucose metabolism in nervous tissue has been proposed to occur in a compartmentalized manner with astrocytes contributing largely to glycolysis and neurons being the primary site of glucose oxidation. However, mammalian astrocytes and neurons both contain mitochondria and it remains unclear why in culture neurons oxidize glucose, lactate, and pyruvate to a much larger extent than astrocytes. The objective of this study was to determine whether pyruvate metabolism is differentially regulated in cultured neurons vs. astrocytes. Expression of all components of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC), the rate-limiting step for pyruvate entry into the Krebs cycle, was determined in cultured astrocytes and neurons. In addition, regulation of PDC enzymatic activity in the two cell types via protein phosphorylation was examined. We show that all components of the PDC are expressed in both cell types in culture but that PDC activity is kept strongly inhibited in astrocytes through phosphorylation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase alpha subunit (PDHα). In contrast, neuronal PDC operates close to maximal levels with much lower levels of phosphorlyated PDHα. Dephosphorylation of astrocytic PDHα restores PDC activity and lowers lactate production. Our findings suggest that the glucose metabolism of astrocytes and neurons may be far more flexible than previously believed.
Performance of SiC Schottky diodes

Performance of silicon carbide (SiC) Schottky diodes driven by large-signal square wave voltage is evaluated. The voltage equations for the turn-on and turn-off transitions of the diode are derived assuming a linear junction capacitance, Cj. The turn-on and turn-off transition voltage waveforms are verified practically for a square wave pulsating between positive 10 V and negative 10 V. The diode current waveforms for 100 kHz, 1 MHz, 2 MHz and 3 MHz are analyzed and presented. For the experiment, CSD10060, 600 V, 10 A Cree SiC Schottky diode is used. The theoretical and experimental results were in good agreement. PSPICE simulation results comparing the performance of CSD10060, MUR1560, 600 V, 10 A ultra fast recovery silicon (Si) junction diode and MSR860, 600 V, 8 A soft recovery Si junction diode is presented.
Both ATM and ATR promote the efficient and accurate processing of programmed meiotic double‐strand breaks

Summary The ATM and ATR protein kinases play central roles in the cellular response to double-strand breaks (DSBs) by regulating DNA repair, cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. During meiosis, SPO11-dependent DSBs are generated, initiating recombination between homologous chromosomes. Previous studies in mice and plants have shown that defects in ATM result in the appearance of abnormally fragmented chromosomes. However, the role of ATR in promoting normal meiosis has not yet been elucidated. Employing null Arabidopsis mutants of ATR and ATM, we demonstrate here that although atr mutants display no obvious defects in any phase of meiotic progression, the combination of defects in atr and atm exacerbates the fragmentation observed in the atm single mutant, prevents complete synapsis of chromosomes, and results in extensive and persistent interactions between non-homologous DNAs. The observed non-homologous interactions require the induction of programmed breaks: the combination of either the atm single or the atr atm double mutant with a spo11 defect eliminates the ectopic interactions observed in the double mutant, as well as significantly reducing the fragmentation seen in atm or in atr atm. Our results suggest that ATM is required for the efficient processing of SPO11-dependent DSBs during meiosis. They also indicate that ATM and ATR act redundantly to inhibit sustained interactions between non-homologous chromatids, and that these ectopic interactions require SPO11 activity.
Polarization effects in exclusive hadron scattering.

Measured helicity nonconservation in ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\rho}}^{\ensuremath{-}}p$ and in $\mathrm{pp}$ elastic scattering indicates that higher-twist contributions are $\frac{1}{10}\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{3}$ the size of the leading-twist amplitudes, and that the relative phase between certain $\mathrm{pp}$ amplitudes is at least 16\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. The reported levels of helicity nonconservation are therefore consistent with leading-twist perturbative QCD.
Chemotherapy-related hepatotoxicity causing imaging findings resembling cirrhosis

In this article, we describe three women in whom changes in the liver resembling cirrhosis occurred during systemic chemotherapy for metastatic breast carcinoma. All three patients were treated with tamoxifen as part of their chemotherapeutic regimen. Abnormalities of biochemical liver tests were associated with the development of a cirrhosis-like appearance of the liver on computed tomography. In two of the patients, hepatic metastases were proved at biopsy. The third patient had no radiologic evidence of metastatic disease. Chemotherapy for metastatic breast carcinoma may cause striking morphologic changes in the liver that resemble cirrhosis. Of importance, these changes should not be mistaken for the development or progression of liver metastases. Alternatively, because of the changes produced by chemotherapeutic agents, detection of metastases on computed tomography alone may be more difficult. Supplementary magnetic resonance imaging mav be helpful in selected cases.
Comparison of Formulations for the Hydrostatic Stiffness of Flexible Structures

The formulation for the hydrostatic stiffness (restoring force) for linear rigid body hydrodynamics is well known, whereas there are several formulations in literature for the corresponding stiffness of flexible structures. Which of these formulations to use is not immediately obvious. This paper clarifies the relationship and the differences between the formulations and the selection of the appropriate one. In addition, it will be shown that a general formulation of the hydrostatic stiffness for flexible structures involves the internal stress distribution under gravity loads, just as it does the corresponding hydrostatic pressure distribution.
Evolving Educational Environments: A Projected Impact of Recent Networks

The digital revolution has touched most aspects of our lives. The computational opportunities abound. The communications facilities have networked most computers. Personal computing has reconstituted our rationality. Numbers have become a language of their own. The general impact of such an explosive change depends upon the structure of the culture absorbing the effects. However, the educational environments are particularly important because education and reason have been intertwined to discard bias and ignorance. In this chapter, the dynamics of this profound technological change within the context of educational systems, ranging from the kindergarten to the doctoral research centers, are examined.
Genetically Triggered Sexual Differentiation of Brain and Behavior

Abstract The dominant theory of sexual differentiation of the brain holds that sex differences in brain anatomy and function arise because of the action of gonadal steroids during embryonic and neonatal life. In mammals, testicular steroids trigger masculine patterns of neural development, and feminine patterns of neural development occur in the absence of such testicular secretions. In contrast, gonadal differentiation in mammals is not initiated by hormonal mechanisms, but is regulated by the action of gene products such as SRY, a testis-determining gene on the Y chromosome. This paper argues that such genetic, nonhormonal signals may also trigger specific examples of sexual differentiation of the brain. This thesis is supported by two arguments. The first is that “direct genetic” (i.e., nonhormonal) control of sexual differentiation may be as likely to evolve as hormonal control. The second line of argument is that neural and nonneural dimorphisms have already been described that are not well explained by classical theories of steroid-dependent sexual differentiation and for which other factors need to be invoked.
Educational Psychologists as Scientist-Practitioners An Expansion of the Meaning of a Scientist-Practitioner

The scientist-practitioner model provided by the Boulder Conference has served as an invaluable training model for clinical psychology. However, the goal of this article is to expand the understanding of the role of the scientist-practitioner model to the domain of educational psychology by providing readers with an understanding of the scope of the traditional educational psychology degree and what the authors, as scientist-practitioners, do in educational psychology. Information presented includes a brief history and definition of educational psychology, as well as a demonstration of the authors’ roles as psychologists and the positions they take as educational psychologists in their communities.
Value from Ambiguity in Ensemble Forecasts

AbstractThis study explores the objective application of ambiguity information, that is, the uncertainty in forecast probability derived from an ensemble. One application approach, called uncertainty folding, merges ambiguity with forecast uncertainty information for subsequent use in standard risk-analysis decision making. Uncertainty folding is found to be of no practical benefit when tested in a low-order, weather forecast simulation. A second approach, called ulterior motives, attempts to use ambiguity information to aid secondary decision factors not considered in the standard risk analysis, while simultaneously maintaining the primary value associated with the probabilistic forecasts. Following ulterior motives, the practical utility of ambiguity information is demonstrated on real-world ensemble forecasts used to support decisions concerning the preparation for freezing temperatures paired with a secondary desire for the reduction in repeat false alarms. Sample products for communicating ambiguity ...
Characterization of Infectious Retroviral Pseudotype Particles Bearing Hepatitis C Virus Glycoproteins

The recent development of infectious retroviral pseudotypes bearing hepatitis C virus (HCV) glycoproteins represents an opportunity to study the functionally active form of the HCV E1 and E2 glycoproteins. In the culture supernatant of cells producing HCV retroviral pseudotypes, the majority of E2 was not associated with infectious particles and failed to sediment on sucrose gradients. The E2 that was incorporated into infectious particles appeared as a triplet of diffuse bands at 60, 70, and 90 kDa. Similarly, three major forms of E1 were incorporated into the pseudotype particles, migrating at 33, 31, and 25 kDa. Endoglycosidase H (endo-H) treatment of particles demonstrated that the incorporated E1 was partially or completely sensitive to digestion. In contrast, the majority of the incorporated E2 was endo-H resistant. Purified pseudotype particles were found to contain both disulfide-linked aggregates and nonaggregated E1 and E2. HCV pseudotypes generated from cells expressing E1E2p7 showed similar heterogeneity in the incorporated glycoproteins and were of comparable infectivity to those generated by expression of E1E2. Our results demonstrate the heterogenous nature of E1 and E2 incorporated into retroviral pseudotypes and highlight the difficulty in identifying forms of the HCV glycoproteins that initiate infection.
A Convenient Synthesis of π-Allylpalladium Compounds from Monosubstituted Terminal Olefins

Abstract There has been considerable recent interest in new applications of π-allylpalladium compounds in organic synthesis.2,3 In our own work on the synthesis of prostaglandin endoperoxide analogs, we had need of π-allylpalladium compounds of the following type where X is a functional group. W e had originally hoped to prepare these compounds directly from the corresponding terminal olefins. Unfortunately however, the most widely used methods for the direct conversion of olefins to π-allylpalladium compounds apparently are not applicable to monosubstituted terminal olef ins,4–8 and those which appeared applicable either gave very low yields, mixtures of π-allylpalladium compounds,11 or no product at a11.12 An equally important route to π-allylpalladium compounds employs allylic chlorides and palladium(I1) salts.13–15 Unfortunately, allylic chlorides are difficult compounds to handle and one would prefer to avoid isolating these compounds if at all possible.
Lebesgue approximation of (2,β)-superprocesses

Abstract Let ξ = ( ξ t ) be a locally finite ( 2 , β ) -superprocess in R d with β 1 and d > 2 / β . Then for any fixed t > 0 , the random measure ξ t can be a.s. approximated by suitably normalized restrictions of Lebesgue measure to the e -neighborhoods of supp ξ t . This extends the Lebesgue approximation of Dawson–Watanabe superprocesses. Our proof is based on a truncation of ( α , β ) -superprocesses and uses bounds and asymptotics of hitting probabilities.
The mechanical strength, degree of hydration, and electrical resistivity of cement pastes modified with superabsorbent polymers

Abstract This paper examines the effect of superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) with varied sizes and absorption behaviors on the mechanical strength, hydration and transport characteristics of cementitious materials. Mechanical strength was assessed using the compressive and flexural strength tests. Non-evaporable water content measurement was utilized to evaluate the degree of hydration of the cement pastes. The transport behavior of cement pastes was characterized using electrical resistivity measurement. It was shown that for the SAPs and mix designs used in this study, the incorporation of SAPs generally reduced the strength, especially in the cement pastes with a high density of macrovoids. The electrical resistivity of cement pastes with slow desorbing SAPs appeared to be influenced by two opposing effects of pore structure densification and macrovoid formation. It was observed that the influence of SAPs on the compressive strength and electrical resistivity of cement pastes was more noticeable at water/cement ratios of 0.35 and 0.4 than at 0.5.
Relative resistance of goldenrod to aphid attack: changes through the growing season.

Genetic variation for resistance to insect attack has been documented in many natural plant populations (Berenbaum et al., 1986; Fritz et al., 1987; Karban, 1987; Maddox and Root, 1987; Rausher and Simms, 1989), and herbivory is generally thought to be detrimental to plant fitness (Mattson and Addy, 1975; Morrow and LaMarche, 1978; Janzen, 1979; Rausher and Feeny, 1980; Marquis, 1984; Sacchi et al., 1988; but see Paige and Whitham, 1987; Maschinski and Whitham, 1989). These two observations suggest that insects may impose natural selection on their host plants (e.g., Rausher and Simms, 1989). Plants that are more resistant suffer less herbivory and have higher fitness, and these fitness differences lead to the evolution of resistance in plant populations. Nonetheless, the importance of natural selection imposed by insects on plants as a determinant of extant plant-insect associations is currently being debated (Bemays and Graham, 1988; Rausher, 1988). Some authors argue that insects are usually rare in space and time, and therefore herbivory is rarely an important determinant of plant fitness (Jermy, 1984). Others argue that even if insects are usually rare, when they do become common herbivory can be so devastating to plant fitness that they impose strong selection for resistance to herbivory in their hosts. These points of view might be reconciled by closer examination of plant resistance to herbivory and the effect of herbivory on plant fitness. For example, relative resistance to herbivory might change through the growing season. If so, which plant genotypes suffer the most herbivory will vary through the growing season, and net fitness differences, measured as seed set or cumulative growth at the end of the season, might be small. Moreover, conclusions about selection imposed by insects might depend on when resistance was measured. Suppose that the plant genotypes most resistant to herbivory early in the season tend to be less resistant late in the season, but that averaged over the whole season plants most resistant early are most resistant overall. Also suppose that herbivory is detrimental to
Advertising unreasonable expectations: Nanny ads on Craigslist

ABSTRACTResearch has shown that while some domestic workers in the United States work in situations that are fair and decent, many others face conditions of abuse, degradation, and/or exploitation. These conditions are commonly seen as a “hidden” aspect of domestic work. This article asks if these conditions are really as hidden as is commonly assumed. Through a content analysis of nanny ads on Craigslist, we explore whether employers are willing to advertise their expectation that nannies will work under one of three unreasonable conditions: i.e., for low pay, long daily hours, and/or long weekly hours. Overall, we find that of the ads that specify how much pay a nanny is expected to work for as well as how long she is expected to work, many contain unreasonable expectations. By looking at how these expectations are expressed in these ads, we can see that these unreasonable expectations are generally presented in a matter-of-fact manner. This suggests that these employers do not find these expectations t...
Faunistic distribution of genus Limnophora in Hebei province

Objective To investigate the fauna of genus Limnophora in Hebei province of China. Methods Using entomogical classification principle and method. Results There were 16 species of genus Limnophora in Hebei province. Conclusion The species of genus Limnophora occupied 27.59% of known Limnophora in China and Hebei province should be attached to palaearctic distribution.
Production and market analysis of styrene

The production,demand,supply and process of styrene monomer(SM) at home and abroad are analyzed.The global production capacity of SM was 23 80 million tons a year,and the consumption was 21 0 million tons in 2002.According to the predication the global capacity of SM will be up to 27 63 million tons a year by 2005.In 2001 China's main producers was 16 with the capacity of 1 02 million tons a year,and the apparent consumption was 2 2775 million tons.It is predicted that China's SM capacity and apparent consumption will reach 2 50 million tons and 3 96 million tons,respectively,by 2005,and China will import a great amount of SM.
Abstract B1-33: Network analyses identify hidden regulators of TGFa shedding

It is well known that components of the ADAM17/EGFR ligand axis, ADAM17, TGFa, and AR, are upregulated in aggressive, metastatic forms of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Furthermore, we know that activation of alternate receptor-tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands can decrease sensitivity to kinase inhibitor treatments (such as the EGFR-targeting erlotinib) and that locally-shed growth ligands are one source of RTK reactivation1. Unfortunately, directly targeting ADAM17 activity is a poor therapeutic option due to non-specific effects. It is currently unknown what regulators affect ligand shedding, the extent of specificity in this regulation and what connections, if any, exist between ligand shedding regulation and RTK re-activation, cell growth and metastasis in TNBC. We hypothesize that ligand shedding regulation is an important component of altered growth factor pathway signaling and that targets within these pathways contribute to the reactivation of growth factor pathways and chemotherapy resistance in TNBC. Here we use the Prize-Collecting Steiner Forest (PCSF), an interactome-based network construction tool, to identify candidate regulators of ectodomain shedding and leverage TNBC patient data to identify regulators with relevance to TNBC pathology. Citation Format: Jennifer L. Wilson, Ernest Fraenkel, Douglas A. Lauffenburger, Andreas Herrlich. Network analyses identify hidden regulators of TGFa shedding. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Computational and Systems Biology of Cancer; Feb 8-11 2015; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(22 Suppl 2):Abstract nr B1-33.
Mutagenesis after therapy for Hodgkin's disease.

Therapy for Hodgkin’s disease has been associated with a significant increase in risk for second cancers. To begin an investigation of the association of therapy-induced genetic damage with this risk, somatic mutations at the hypoxanthine phosphoribo-syltransferase locus were measured in lymphocytes from patients previously treated for Hodgkin’s disease. The results demonstrate that a subset of patients have persistently elevated mutation frequencies, perhaps suggesting that these individuals are among those at significant risk of second cancer development.
Interactive Visual Least Absolutes Method: Comparison with the Least Squares and the Median Methods

A visual regression analysis using the least absolutes method (LAB) was developed, utilizing an interactive approach of visually minimizing the sum of the absolute deviations (SAB) using a bar graph in Excel; the results agree very well with those obtained from nonvisual LAB using a numerical Solver in Excel. These LAB results were compared with those from the popular least-squares method (LSQ), which minimizes the sum of the squares of the deviations (SSQ), and also with results from the median method (MED). LAB yielded similar results as LSQ for a data set with relatively smaller average deviations ( 10%). However, for data sets with an outlier, the LAB method yielded significantly different results than LSQ. The LAB results, in all three cases, agree more closely with the results from MED of Theil and Siegel, which handles outliers better than the LSQ approach. The LAB approach (visual or numerical) is as simple and easy to implem...
Vitamin D Compounds in Human and Bovine Milk

During the past decade considerable progress has been made toward an understanding of the transport, measurement, distribution, and molecular action of the antirachitic sterols. As a result of these major advances in our knowledge of vitamin D, many excellent reviews have been written dealing with each of these specific areas of study (Lawson and Emtage, 1974; Favus, 1978; DeLuca and Schnoes, 1976; J. G. Haddad, Jr., this volume).
(6S)-2,4-Di-tert-butyl-6-[(4S,5R)-3-iso-propyl-4-methyl-5-phenyloxazolidin-2-yl]phenol.

The title oxazolidine compound, C27H39NO2, was synthesized from N-isopropyl­norephedrine. The dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 70.33 (5)°. The N atom of the heterocycle is oriented to allow intra­molecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bonding with the hydr­oxy substituent.
Metalization and Bonds - A Review of Failure Mechanisms

Materials and techniques used for metalization and bonding of silicon devices, particularly integrated circuits, are reviewed, and available data on the reliability of various structures, and on failure mechanisms, are discussed. Metalization systems considered include Al, Mo-Au and Ti-Pt-Au. Bonding methods considered include thermocompression and ultrasonic wire bonding, plus face-down bonding and soldering techniques. Metalization and bond failures are the principal modes of failure in integrated circuits. At high stress levels, inherent failure modes are most significant; these inherent failure modes are not, however, necessarily a factor in reliability at rated stress levels. Manufacturing defects are a major cause of failures at rated stress levels. At present there are no indications of a significant reliability advantage for any bonding or metalization system for general integrated circuit usage. It is predicted that Al will continue to be the most widely used metalization system, with an increasing usage of ultrasonic bonding and face-down bonding techniques.
Detection of Minimal Residual Disease of Plasma Cell Myeloma by Five Color Flow Cytometric Immunophenotype Analysis

Abstract 1903 Flow cytometry is widely used to identify a monoclonal proliferation of plasma cells through cytoplasmic immunoglobulin light chain analysis, with a better sensitivity than immunocytochemical staining. Recent studies have demonstrated that neoplastic plasma cells express aberrant surface antigens and immunophenotyping of plasma cells by multiparameter flow cytometry is able to reveal neoplastic plasma cells by their surface antigen profile to a level that is meaningful for the detection of prognostically relevant minimal residual disease. In this study, we compare the sensitivity of detecting abnormal plasma cells by five color flow cytometric immunophenotyping and concurrent cytoplasmic immunoglobulin light chain analysis. Multiparameter analysis was performed with cell surface markers CD45, CD38, CD138, CD19, CD20, CD56, CD117, CD27 and CD28. Plasma cells were identified by bright CD38 and CD138 expression. The bone marrow plasma cells from 8 newly diagnosed or recurrent plasma cell myelomas with 10% or more morphologically identifiable plasma cells were initially analyzed. At least one antigen was found to be abnormally expressed in all 8 cases. CD45, CD19, CD56 and CD117 were most useful in recognizing abnormal plasma cells. Both CD45 and CD19 were negative in all 8 cases. CD56 and CD117 were each positive in 6 cases; at least one of them was positive in all 8 cases; and 4 cases co-expressed both antigens. Thirteen additional cases of plasma cell myeloma in clinical remission with less than 10% plasma cells by bone marrow morphology were studied with antibodies to CD38, CD138, CD45, CD56 and CD117 in a single tube. Eleven cases revealed an abnormal immunophenotype, however, immunoglobulin light chain restriction was detected only in 6 cases. Two cases demonstrated normal phenotype and did not show immunoglobulin light chain restriction. Immunoglobulin light chain restriction was not demonstrated in any cases with less than 0.5% bright CD38 plasma cells. In one case with 9% plasma cells by morphologic examination, the immunoglobulin light chain analysis failed to reveal monoclonal proliferation whereas abnormal expression of both CD56 and CD117 was identified in 50% of the bright CD38 and CD138 positive plasma cells, although flow cytometry only detected a total of 0.5% plasma cells. Abnormal phenotype was detected at a level as low as 0.05% plasma cells by flowcytometry, in cases that less than 1% plasma cells were identified by morphologic examination. Our result suggests that 5 color flow cytometric immunophenotyping is a sensitive and practical way to detect minimal residual disease of plasma cell myeloma in patients under clinical remission. Because rare neoplastic plasma cells may not have abnormal surface antigen profile, and the abnormal phenotype may change after chemotherapy, combination with cytoplasmic immunoglobulin light chain analysis may be necessary to increase the sensitivity and specificity. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Optimized CEST cardiovascular magnetic resonance for assessment of metabolic activity in the heart

Previous studies have linked cardiac dysfunction to loss of metabolites in the creatine kinase system. Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) is a promising metabolic cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging technique and has been applied in the heart for creatine mapping. However, current limitations include: (a) long scan time, (b) residual cardiac and respiratory motion, and (c) B0 field variations induced by respiratory motion. An improved CEST CMR technique was developed to address these problems. Animals with chronic myocardial infarction (N = 15) were scanned using the proposed CEST CMR technique and a late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) sequence as reference. The major improvements of the CEST CMR technique are: (a) Images were acquired by single-shot FLASH, significantly increasing the scan efficiency. (b) All images were registered to reduce the residual motion. (c) The acquired Z-spectrum was analyzed using 3-pool-model Lorentzian-line fitting to generate CEST signal, reducing the impact of B0 field shifting due to respiratory motion. Feasibility of the technique was tested in a porcine model with chronic myocardial infarction. CEST signal was measured in the scar, border zone and remote myocardium. Initial studies were performed in one patient. In all animals, healthy remote myocardial CEST signal was elevated (0.16 ± 0.02) compared to infarct CEST signal (0.09 ± 0.02, P < 0.001) and the border zone (0.12 ± 0.02, P < 0.001). For both animal and patient studies, the hypointense regions in the CEST contrast maps closely match the bright areas in the LGE images. The proposed CEST CMR technique was developed to address long scan times, respiratory and cardiac motion, and B0 field variations. Lower CEST signal in bright region of the LGE image is consistent with the fact that myocardial infarction has reduced metabolic activity.
Orthorexia symptoms correlate with perceived muscularity and body fat, not BMI.

This study explored how different body-type measures relate to orthorexia symptomatology. Participants were 465 undergraduates, who completed an online survey with self-reported height and weight items, a muscularity figure rating scale, a body fat figure rating scale, and the Eating Habits Questionnaire (EHQ; Gleaves, Graham, & Ambwani, 2013). BMI was not significantly related to any of the EHQ subscale scores. In contrast, muscularity rating was positively related to all EHQ subscale scores: Behaviors (p < .001), Problems (p = .014), and Feelings (p = .003). Additionally, body fat rating was negatively correlated with two EHQ subscale scores: Behaviors (p < .001) and Feelings (p = .008). None of these relationships varied as a function of gender. These findings suggest that orthorexia symptomatology, while unrelated to BMI, is greater for individuals who perceive themselves as having a relatively muscular, lean body type. Level V, descriptive cross-sectional study.
Prediction of human PET imaging dose to monitor NHL therapy using Cu-DOTA-rituximab and a transgenic mouse model

1697 Objectives In this study we attempted to predict human dosimetry for a novel antibody based PET tracer, Cu-DOTA-rituximab prior to clinical translation. Methods To validate the PET tracer multiple radiolabeling, Quality assurance (QA), and imaging experiments were carried out in three groups of transgenic mice (CD20TM) that express the human CD20 on their B cells. The study groups of mice are as follows; a) control (nude mice, n=2) that received 7.4 MBq Cu-rituximab, b) with pre-dose (CD20TM, n=6): received 2 mg/kg pre-dose of cold rituximab prior to 7.4 MBq Cu-DOTA-rituximab, and c) without pre-dose (CD20TM, n=6) 7.4 MBq Cu-DOTA-rituximab. Small animal PET was used to image mice at various time points (0, 1, 2, 4, 24, 48, and 72 h) post-injection of Cu-DOTA-rituximab. Organs were delineated on small animal PET and computed tomography (CT) images. The OLINDA/EXM application was used to determine the human equivalent dose for individual organs. Results QA of tracer showed specific activity of 545 ± 38.91 TBq/mol, RCY >80%, IR >80% and purity >95%. At 24 h, spleen uptake of PET tracer in %ID/g (mean ± STD) was 1.76 ± 0.43 and 16.5 ± 0.45 with and without pre-dosing, respectively (P Conclusions Pre-clinical evaluation of Cu-rituximab with huCD20TM showed that this novel PET tracer is able to specifically image huCD20. Human dosimetry of PET tracer was estimated for clinical translation and an IND has been obtained (IND #104995). Research Support ICMIC P50 - CA11474
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Mucosal Immunity

Research into human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and its predecessor simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) has fundamentally changed the way we think about infectious disease. SIV and its predecessors have co-evolved with primates for millennia and have become adapted to thwart virtually every arm of the immune system, particularly key aspects of the immune system that nature and vaccines utilize to combat infections. These viruses also replicate and mutate at a phenomenal rate, further evading the much slower adaptive immune system. On the positive side, advances in biomedical research, largely spawned by research into these viruses, have led to remarkable advances in genetic engineering, medicine, and biology. However, it is increasingly clear that SIV and its relatives have shaped the evolution of primate immune systems for millennia, and significant breakthroughs in technology, immunology, and vaccinology will be required to eradicate the latest deadly version of SIV, better known as HIV-1.
Introduction: The New Collective Bargaining

The 2009 collective negotiations between the Boston Globe’s management and the Newspaper Guild illustrate a new form of concession bargaining—ultra-concession bargaining. A key premise of this study is introduced; collective bargaining has been transformed in significant and new ways, and the implicit code of conduct between employers and unions has been eroded. The new collective bargaining is defined, and a distinction is drawn between conventional collective bargaining and concession bargaining. The two waves of concession bargaining (the first in the 1980s and the second in the years since the turn of this century) are briefly described.
Accelerated Aging: The Role of Socioeconomic, Social, Demographic, and Biological Factors on Bone Mineral Density:

We investigate socioeconomic, social, demographic, and biological variables that are associated with chronic stress in the body to assess whether they have an effect on bone mineral density (BMD) a...
Diet Quality in Overweight/Obese Women: Higher Protein Intake During Weight Loss (P08-014-19)

Objectives Accumulating evidence suggests that assessing diet quality rather than nutrients in isolation provides a more accurate representation of the interactions between foods and diseases. The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) is a validated scoring system of diet quality focused on sufficiency of nutritional intake regarding the Dietary Guidelines for Americans wherein lower scores are associated with increased risk of several chronic diseases. The objective of the dietary intervention was to increase protein intake during weight loss in overweight/obese women, and examine dietary quality, as measured by the HEI.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Motor Neuron Disease

Motor neuron diseases (MNDs) are progressive neurodegenerative disorders affecting spinal and bulbar nerves. Of this class of diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common. Other MNDs differ in age of onset, distribution of motor neuron involvement, and disease severity. Most occur sporadically and have no clear cause, while a minority are inherited. All share an unrelenting course without known cure and commonly impair communication, deglutition, and respiration. They universally create significant impact to patient’s quality of life, nutritional status, and longevity. Treatments focus on managing symptoms and preventing adverse sequelae related to neurologic deficits.
Chapter 1 – Scenario-Based Usability Engineering

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the problems in software development that motivate the use of scenario-based development methods. It also provides an overview of the scenario-based framework that forms the basis for the rest of the book, and the case study that will be used to illustrate the techniques. The challenges and methods that have contributed to modern software engineering practices have been reviewed. Usability emerged as an issue when the population of end users and the situations in which computing was used expanded from specialty to general-purpose use. It can be seen as a union of three perspectives: the human factors of perception and performance; the cognitive interactions of humans and computers; and the groups and organizations that provide the context for personal computing. Scenarios are concrete descriptions of action that are rough and flexible in content and level of abstraction. These characteristics help usability engineers address a number of fundamental tradeoffs in the design and development of usable systems. Scenarios integrate the many tasks of system development by first organizing the analysis of user needs, then serving as central representations of user needs that are developed in a systematic manner through design, evaluation, and documentation activities. An example of scenario-based design is provided, shifting to a historical survey of issues in software and usability engineering. This chapter concludes with a discussion of the major phases and methods employed in scenario-based development.
The Consequences of Living in a Small-town Food Desert: Mixed Methods Evidence from a Quasi-Experiment:

Past research finds that living in a food desert is associated with an unhealthy diet and poor health; however, more recent studies of urban food deserts suggest that these findings may be spurious...
Homozygous mutation in the MTHFS gene may contribute to the development of cerebral folate deficiency syndrome

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the role of rare variants in the one-carbon metabolic pathway in the etiology of the cerebral folate deficiency (CFD) syndrome. The CFD syndrome is a neurometabolic syndrome identified by low concentrations of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in spite of near-normal peripheral folate levels resulting in neurodevelopmental disorders. Methods: The localized folate metabolism impairments in CFD are thought to be either the result of mutations in genes responsible for folate transport or folate turnover through degradation. Genes that have been previously implicated in the etiology of CFD include folate receptor alpha-1 (FOLR1), dihydrofolate reductase, proton-coupled folate transporter, and capicua. We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) analysis of a CFD patient that revealed 99 novel missense mutations, of which 21 were classified as damaging mutations through the Poly-Phen2 prediction algorithm. In vitro functional studies were conducted by transient transfection of wild-type and mutant MTHFS into HEK293T cells to determine the impact of the variants on enzyme activity. Results: Of the damaging variants identified in the WES studies, we focused on the gene coding for the enzyme 5,10-methenyl-tetrahydrofolate synthetase (MTHFS). This enzyme catalyzes the production of methenyl THF which is subsequently converted to 5-MTHF. The CFD patient described within was found to carry a homozygous mutation, c.101G>T (p.R34L, rs200058464) in MTHFS, while the parents of the proband are heterozygotes for the MTHFS gene, and the healthy sibling is not a carrier. Conclusion: The mutant allele displayed a 50% reduction in luciferase activity (P
Novel 4W (When-Where-What-What) Approach of Training Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS) Application in Resuscitation With High-Fidelity Simulator

Aim Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is a valuable tool in anesthesiology used for evaluating and managing cardiopulmonary pathology. Implications of this modality are extensive. Seamless integration into advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) has potential to improve resuscitation outcomes, and there is growing impetus for its implementation during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. However, it remains underutilized largely due to limited training. We use high-fidelity simulation and a novel 4W approach (when to apply POCUS, where to place the ultrasound probe, what images mean, what to do next) to incorporate this technique into resuscitation training. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of a novel 4W POCUS approach for training anesthesiology residents in the setting of resuscitation. Methods Our approach teaches learners when and where to implement POCUS, how to interpret their findings, and how to apply these findings in a clinical setting. Learners apply this method in high-fidelity simulation to diagnose and treat cardiopulmonary pathologies. Assessments were administered before and after training to evaluate efficacy. Results Post-test improvements were appreciated across all residency classes (n = 23), with achieved significance of P < 0.001 in the first-year clinical anesthesia class (CA-1) and P = 0.02 in the second-year clinical anesthesia class (CA-2). Performance was further subdivided into five categories: resuscitation integration, lung ultrasound, transthoracic echo, disease recognition, and treatment. Post-test scores also improved in each category, with lung ultrasound being the most significant improvement (P = 0.04). Conclusions Our initial data demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach to POCUS training. Performance is improved and learners are more likely to use POCUS in the future. The application of this method to larger sample sizes is an appropriate next step to demonstrate its utility.
Point-of-use sweat biosensor to track the endocrine-inflammation relationship for chronic disease monitoring.

Aim: The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis is involved in maintaining homeostasis by engaging with the parasympathetic nervous system. During the process of disease affliction, this relationship ...
Economic Growth and the Optimal Level of Entrepreneurship

What is the “growth penalty” when a country’s entrepreneurship deviates from its optimal level? We use data on entrepreneurship for a panel of developed and developing countries over 2003-2011 to estimate growth equations. We treat the impact of entrepreneurship on real GDP growth as heterogeneous across countries. The methodology accounts for unobserved heterogeneity among countries in the optimal entrepreneurship rate and other factors affecting growth. In less developed countries, there is not enough entrepreneurship, and increases in the entrepreneurship rate have a sizeable positive effect on growth. In high income countries, entrepreneurship appears to be close to the optimum. We also explore how the growth penalty varies across countries. Higher levels of R&D capability decrease the growth penalty of having too few entrepreneurs, suggesting that R&D and entrepreneurship are substitutes. Corruption increases the opportunity cost of having a suboptimal entrepreneurship level, a finding that is in accord with the hypothesis that corruption can “grease the wheels” of commerce by speeding up bureaucratic processes. Countries with greater entrepreneurial capability suffer a higher growth penalty: the higher the ability of the marginal entrepreneur, the higher is the opportunity cost to the economy of not taking advantage of her talents.
The ever-expanding world of bacterial cyclic oligonucleotide second messengers.

Cyclic dinucleotide (cdN) second messengers are essential for bacteria to sense and adapt to their environment. These signals were first discovered with the identification of 3′–5′, 3′–5′ cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) in 1987, a second messenger that is now known to be the linchpin signaling pathway modulating bacterial motility and biofilm formation. In the past 15 years, three more cdNs were uncovered: 3′–5′, 3′–5′ cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP) and 3′–5′, 3′–5′ cyclic GMP-AMP (3′,3′ cGAMP) in bacteria and 2′–5′, 3′–5′ cyclic GMP-AMP (2′,3′ cGAMP) in eukaryotes. We now appreciate that bacteria can synthesize many varieties of cdNs from every ribonucleotide, and even cyclic trinucleotide (ctN) second messengers have been discovered. Here we highlight our current understanding of c-di-GMP and c-di-AMP in bacterial physiology and focus on recent advances in 3′,3′ cGAMP signaling effectors, its role in bacterial phage response, and the diversity of its synthase family.
Southern Tick-Associated Rash Illness: Florida's Lyme Disease Variant.

Southern tick-associated rash illness (STARI) is an emerging zoonotic disease causing an annular rash with central clearing that is almost identical to erythema migrans seen in Lyme disease. It is spread by Amblyomma americanum tick bite. Although it is still debatable, this zoonotic disease is thought to be caused by Borrelia lonestari spirochete. At this time, there is no approved diagnostic modality nor approved treatment for such an illness. Here we describe a rare case of STARI in a 63-year-old female and shed light on the differences between STARI and Lyme disease.
Augmented Reality Anatomy Visualization for Surgery Assistance with HoloLens: AR Surgery Assistance with HoloLens

Immediate care for trauma wounded patients in austere or remote settings makes medical knowledge, skills, and efficiency of the on-duty medical professional paramount. For wounds that extend deep into internal anatomy, proper visualization of internal anatomy can enable more efficient and effective evaluation when presented to medical providers positioned close to the point of injury (POI). In this paper, a conceptual Augmented Reality (AR) surgical tool is presented to provide visualization of internal human anatomy, superimposed on the view of a patient, to assist medical providers for immediate casualty care. This AR surgical tool can play a role in 3D surgery or treatment planning as a navigational aid in preparing medical interventions and enhancing surgery or treatment procedures by displaying otherwise obscured anatomy and nearby vessels. Critical software and hardware components are integrated to construct a prototype AR system for the portable AR surgical visualization tool. The system uses a Microsoft HoloLens 1 and an Azure Kinect camera for simultaneous body-tracking and anatomy overlay to demonstrate the overall concept. Future extension of this work will aim to create a more accurate and compact prototype system that utilizes HoloLens 2 with an embedded Kinect camera for laboratory and field tests of its use in surgery assistance. Such an AR tool can also serve as a training tool for medical caregivers, applied with a human subject or a medical manikin.
Cardiopulmonary effects of phosphine poisoning: A preliminary evaluation of milrinone.

Abstract Exposure to phosphine (PH3) presents with a host of diverse, non-specific symptoms that span multiple organ systems and is characterized by a high mortality rate. While a comprehensive mechanism for PH3 poisoning remains inconclusive, prior studies have implicated cardiac failure and circulatory compromise as potential pathways central to PH3-induced mortality. In this study, milrinone (MLR), a phosphodiesterase-3 inhibitor used to treat cardiac failure, was investigated as a potential countermeasure for PH3 poisoning. Lethality, physiological responses, and behavioral changes were evaluated in telemetrized female rats pretreated with water (sham) or one of three doses of MLR (40, 200, or 600 μg/kg) and exposed to PH3 (660 ppm for 25–40 min; 16,500–26,400 ppm × min). Animals receiving prophylactic administration of 600 μg/kg of MLR had nominally improved survivability compared to sham animals, although median lethal concentration-time and time of death did not differ substantially between treatment groups. Changes in respiration and behavior induced by PH3 appeared largely unaffected by MLR pretreatment, regardless of dose. Conversely, MLR pretreatment alleviated some aspects of PH3-induced cardiac function impairment, with slight dose-dependent effects observed for cardiac contractility, mean arterial pressure, and QRS duration. Together, these results illustrate the importance of circulatory compromise in PH3 poisoning and highlight the potential viability of MLR as a potential countermeasure option or part of a countermeasure regimen when administered prophylactically at 600 μg/kg.