cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE COLUMBIA NONNEUTRAL TORUS: A NEW EXPERIMENT TO CONFINE NONNEUTRAL AND POSITRON-ELECTRON PLASMAS IN A STELLARATOR

The Columbia Nonneutral Torus is a new stellarator experiment being built at Columbia University, New York, to study the confinement of nonneutral and electron-positron plasmas. It will be a two-period, ultralow aspect ratio classical stellarator configuration created from four circular coils. The theory of the confinement and transport of pure electron plasmas on magnetic surfaces is reviewed. The guiding principles behind the experimental design are presented, together with the actual experimental design configuration.
Multi-Robot Path Planning Via Genetic Programming.

This paper presents a Genetic Programming (GP) approach to solving multi-robot path planning (MRPP) problems in single-lane workspaces, specifically those easily mapped to graph representations. GP's versatility enables this approach to produce programs optimizing for multiple attributes rather than a single attribute such as path length or completeness. When optimizing for the number of time steps needed to solve individual MRPP problems, the GP constructed programs outperformed complete MRPP algorithms, i.e. Push-Swap-Wait (PSW), by $54.1\%$. The GP constructed programs also consistently outperformed PSW in solving problems that did not meet PSW's completeness conditions. Furthermore, the GP constructed programs exhibited a greater capacity for scaling than PSW as the number of robots navigating within an MRPP environment increased. This research illustrates the benefits of using Genetic Programming for solving individual MRPP problems, including instances in which the number of robots exceeds the number of leaves in the tree-modeled workspace.
Bottom-Up Masking of Si/Ge Surfaces and Nanowire Heterostructures via Surface-Initiated Polymerization and Selective Etching

The fully bottom-up and scalable synthesis of complex micro/nanoscale materials and functional devices requires masking methods to define key features and direct the deposition of various coatings and films. Here, we demonstrate selective coaxial lithography via etching of surfaces (SCALES), an enabling bottom-up process to add polymer masks to micro/nanoscale objects. SCALES is a three-step process, including (1) bottom-up synthesis of compositionally modulated structures, (2) surface-initiated polymerization of a conformal mask, and (3) selective removal of the mask only from regions whose underlying surface is susceptible to an etchant. We demonstrate the key features of and characterize the SCALES process with a series of model Si/Ge systems: Si and Ge wafers, Si and Ge nanowires, and Si/Ge heterostructure nanowires.
Reappraisal of the safety and effectiveness of Impella pumps

In the decade after the introduction of Impella heart pumps, their use has rapidly increased. However, to date, clinical trial data have not conclusively supported their superiority over other contemporary support devices, and observational experiences have identified signals of increased harm with Impella. Large, adequately powered clinical trials of Impella are eagerly awaited.
Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Enhances Brain Repair Following Traumatic Brain Injury Without Requiring Activation of Cannabinoid Receptors

Introduction: Treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI) with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been shown to enhance brain repair by direct neurotrophic actions on neural cells and by modulating the inflammatory response. Administration of cannabinoids after TBI has also been reported to enhance brain repair by similar mechanisms. Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that G-CSF mediates brain repair by interacting with the endocannabinoid system. Methods and Results: (i) Mice that underwent controlled cortical impact (CCI) were treated with G-CSF for 3 days either alone or in the presence of selective cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1-R) or cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2-R) agonists and antagonists. The trauma resulted in decreased expression of CB1-R and increased expression of CB2-R in the cortex, striatum, and hippocampus. Cortical and striatal levels of the major endocannabinoid ligand, 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol, were also increased by the CCI. Administration of the hematopoietic cytokine, G-CSF, following TBI, resulted in mitigation or reversal of trauma-induced CB1-R downregulation and CB2-R upregulation in the three brain regions. Treatment with CB1-R agonist (WIN55) or CB2-R agonist (HU308) mimicked the effects of G-CSF. (ii) Pharmacological blockade of CB1-R or CB2-R was not effective in preventing G-CSF's mitigation or reversal of trauma-induced alterations in these receptors. Conclusions: These results suggest that cellular and molecular mechanisms that mediate subacute effects of G-CSF do not depend on activation of CB1 or CB2 receptors. Failure of selective CB receptor antagonists to prevent the effects of G-CSF in this model has to be accepted with caution. CB receptor antagonists can interact with other CB and non-CB receptors. Investigation of the role of CB receptors in this TBI model will require studies with CB1-R and in CB2-R knockout mice to avoid nonspecific interaction of CB receptor agents with other receptors.
Effective reduction in vocal stereotypy across natural settings through response interruption and redirection and the potential for maintained effects1

Q (1) What are the effects of 5-min response interruption and redirection (RIRD) procedure on vocal stereotypy across settings?(2) What are the immediate and subsequent effects of RIRD on vocal ste...
Experiential supervision: healing imposter phenomenon from the inside out

Psychotherapists acquire skills in high stakes environments while actively treating clients in distress. The natural disparity between skill mastery and client need can affect neophyte and experien...
University-Engagement Research: Application of a Mixed Method Design of Community-Based Participatory Research for Communities’ Well-Being

The authors argue that university-engagement research benefits the communities as well as HEIs, however, such research, and especially the process of community engagement has been less frequently described in the literature. Recognizing the variation within community-based participatory research (CBPR) practices and processes, as well as that research has employed cross-disciplinary mixed methods (MM) designs to create outcomes that are meaningful to communities, the purpose of their chapter is to report on a cross-disciplinary collaborative university-engagement MM research of the character of CBPR for healthier and safer communities in Baltimore, Maryland, funded by Johns Hopkins University. The authors, first, familiarize readers with CBPR, then provide details about the project’s backdrop, MM design, and conclude with lessons learned and suggestions for future research to improve collaboration within scholars in different academic departments (social science, public health, and medicine) as well as with community leaders and residents.
Federal income tax laws that cause individuals’ marginal and statutory tax rates to differ

Abstract This article presents a “phaseouts table” as a tax educational tool. The table compiles and summarizes the phaseouts of and limitations on deductions, credits, exclusions from income, and allowed contributions for individual U.S. federal income taxpayers in 2013. Phaseouts can cause individual taxpayers’ marginal tax rate (MTR) to be higher than their statutory tax rate (STR) (i.e., “bracket” based on taxable income). For each phaseout, the table includes how the phaseout works, the adjusted gross income (AGI) range for the phaseout, and the related formula to compute MTR, given STR. The table is appropriate for any course that covers either U.S. federal income taxation of individuals or tax planning. (The phaseouts table is updated annually and is available upon request from the author.) The remainder of the article is a teaching resource, explaining how to compute the specific impact on MTR of each of several example phaseouts. Together, the phaseouts table and article enable U.S. tax instructors to assist students in learning about phaseouts in an integrated, comprehensive manner.
Force Fields for Reactive Dynamics (ReaxFF, RexPoN)

A major breakthrough for multiscale reactive simulations is the ReaxFF reactive force field [#471] developed by van Duin and me in 2001. ReaxFF has enabled the simulations of wide-ranging reactive systems, including shock impact on an energetic materials polymer composites (model for a plastic bonded explosive, PBX) with 3.7 million atoms for 60 ns (see [#951]), the simulation of the effect of hydration on the strength of concrete [#978], elucidation of the mechanism of complex ammoxidation catalysts [#934], and the product distributions from hypervelocity impact with molecular clusters [1004]. Recently, we have developed a new generation, RexPoN that may provide even higher accuracy.
Smart City and Urban Poor: Can They Coexist?

The Smart City as a concept is a new government initiative in India since last 5 years. The way the initiatives are going around in identified cities of India are widely seen as localities that actively embrace new technologies to achieve desired outcome. However, the way the concept of smart cities being implemented in India has three dimensions: the heavy techno centricity, highly complex and interconnectedness along with the ad hoc conceptualization of projects. The “Urban Poor” issues are being closely discussed as we are heading towards the implementation of “Smart City” projects in the most part of India. In the process of implementation, the Urban Poor settlements are constantly relocated to the city fringes. There are cases when the relocation is voluntary, but most of the cases involve forceful evacuation to cleanse an area in the garb of development of city infrastructure. Are these newly developed localities, do help the Urban Poor in meeting their basic needs? In a planned (so-called) localities on the city fringes, are these people not segregated to a world thrust upon them? What are the support systems provided to continue with the same lifestyle enjoyed by them earlier? In respect of people forcefully uprooted, is there life for rebuilding? These are the few questions which were the subject matter of a survey in the city of Bhubaneswar. The data revealed spectacular findings in respect of Urban Poor which stands contrary to the general belief.
Shattering the Glass Podium: Successes and Setbacks of Women in Collegiate Choral Conducting:

The purpose of this study was to explore the status and experiences of women in collegiate choral conducting positions. Out of all collegiate choral conductors (N = 992) at institutions accredited ...
Principles for Learning Tumbling

(1968). Principles for Learning Tumbling. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 39, No. 8, pp. 30-33.
The Third Chapter

[1] And write unto the angel of the congregation of Sardis: [2] This saith he that hath the seven spirits of God [3] and the seven stars: [4] ‘I know thy works. [5] Thou hast a name that thou livest and thou art dead. [6] Wake and strength the things which remain [7] that are ready to die, [8] for I have not found thy works perfect before God. [9] Remember therefore how thou hast received and heard, [10] and hold fast and repent. [11] If thou shalt not watch, [12] I will come on thee as a thief, [13] and thou shalt not know what hour I will come upon thee. [14] Thou hast a few names in Sardis [15] which have not defiled their garments, [16] and they shall walk with me in white, for they are worthy. [17] He that overcometh shall be clothed in white array, [18] and I will not put out his name out of the book of life, [19] and I will confess his name before my father and before his angels. [20] Let him that hath ears hear what the Spirit saith unto the congregations’.
Inhibition of "Serine" Esterases by Phenylarsonic Acids α-CHYMOTRYPSIN AND THE SUBTILISINS

Abstract Chymotrypsin, trypsin, and Novo and Carlsberg subtilisins undergo a reversible, time-dependent inhibition by phenylarsonates. The inhibition of these enzymes by p-nitro-, p-tolyl-, p-aminophenyl-, and phenylarsonate was studied in detail, as a function of pH and inhibitor concentration, by a variety of approaches. Ki values were determined for the inhibition of chymotrypsin and the subtilisins by these compounds. Active site titrations and dye displacement experiments were used to show that the inhibition results from the interaction of the arsenicals with the active sites of these enzymes. The pH dependence of the inhibition of both chymotrypsin and the subtilisins followed the theoretical curve for the protonation of a group on the enzymes with a pK' value of 7.15. The results obtained in this study, taken in conjunction with earlier scattered reports in the literature, suggest that the phenylarsonates are general inhibitors of "serine" esterases. Possible mechanisms for such inhibition are discussed.
Plakophilin-2 induced EGFR phosphorylation: a focus on the intracellular activators of EGFR

The oncogenic role of EGFR in many tumors has attracted a great deal of attention in the recent years and initiated the development of several potent EGFR inhibitors, which are used clinically for cancer treatment. However, the current therapeutic inhibition of EGFR signaling is limited to monoclonal antibodies that bind to the EGFR extracellular domain or tyrosine kinase inhibitors that block EGFR kinase activation directly. Despite the great promise of these inhibitors, a certain percentage of patients develop resistance to these therapies, highlighting the necessity for alternative therapeutic strategies based on our most current knowledge of the mechanisms of EGFR signaling. We recently reported that Plakofilin-2 (PKP2) is a novel ligand-independent cytoplasmic activator of EGFR signaling. Here we focus on recent studies demonstrating important roles of intracellular EGFR activators, and propose targeted disruption of these activators as a novel avenue of therapeutic intervention to inhibit EGFR-mediated cancer development.
The Mass-to-Light Function: Antibias and Ωm

We use large-scale cosmological simulations to estimate the mass-to-light ratio of galaxy systems as a function of scale, and compare the results with observations of galaxies, groups, clusters, and superclusters of galaxies. We find remarkably good agreement between observations and simulations. Specifically, we find that the simulated mass-to-light ratio increases with scale on small scales and flattens to a constant value on large scales, as suggested by observations. We find that while mass typically follows light on large scales, high-overdensity regions, such as rich clusters and superclusters of galaxies, exhibit higher M/LB values than average, while low-density regions exhibit lower M/LB values; high-density regions are thus antibiased in M/LB, with mass more strongly concentrated than blue light. This is true despite the fact that the galaxy mass density is unbiased or positively biased relative to the total mass density in these regions. The M/LB antibias is likely due to the relatively old age of the high-density regions, where light has declined significantly since their early formation time, especially in the blue band, which traces recent star formation. Comparing the simulated results with observations, we place a powerful constraint on the mass density of the universe; using, for the first time, the entire observed mass-to-light function from galaxies to superclusters, we find ? = 0.16 ? 0.05.
A study of ARC flash incident energy variations based on MCC unit configuration

There has been significant progress on arc-flash research in recent years, but there has been little focus on how the internal configuration of equipment affects the incident energy released. The relationship between low voltage motor control center (MCC) unit configurations and incident energy exposure resulting from an arc flash is examined in this study. Testing was conducted using actual MCC structures and units. The design of experiment methodology was used to analyze several MCC configuration variables, including unit type, unit size, percent fill of unit, power wire size and length, location of the unit within the structure, and their relationships to incident energy as well as arcing duration and arcing current. The results from 24 arcing tests were analyzed and the magnitude of incident energy measured during the events was observed to be related to the percent fill of components within the units, and properties of interior unit surfaces.
GFAP Expression in Lumbar Spinal Cord of Naive and Neuropathic Rats Treated with MK-801

Abstract The objective of the present investigation was to determine if baseline glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression and the increases in GFAP expression induced by chronic constriction of the sciatic nerve were modified by the specific N-methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist MK-801. Changes in immunohistochemical staining densities of GFAP within the L4 spinal cord were quantified and compared in three groups of animals: (1) nonneuropathic rats, (2) nondrug-treated neuropathic rats, and (3) neuropathic rats treated for 7 days with MK-801. The results indicate that baseline GFAP staining density in naive animals is dependent on NMDA receptor activity and that an ongoing NMDA-dependent signal is, at least in part, responsible for the increase in GFAP observed following peripheral nerve injury.
Shedding light on brain mapping: advances in human optical imaging

Several functional brain imaging techniques have been used to study human cortical organization. Optical imaging of intrinsic signals (OIS) offers perhaps the best combination of spatial coverage, resolution and speed for mapping the functional topography of human cortex. In this review, we discuss recent advances in optical imaging technology and methodology that have made human OIS easier to implement and more accessible, including improvements in detector characteristics and the development of sophisticated algorithms for reducing motion artifact. Moreover, we discuss how these advances have helped enhance our understanding of the functional organization of the human brain. We also review newly developed analyses for interpreting and validating optical signals, including refined signal analysis techniques and multimodality comparisons. Combined, these advances have enabled the study of not only primary sensory and motor cortices, but also higher cognitive processes such as language production and comprehension. Continued improvement and implementation of this technique promises to shed new light on the functional organization of human cortex.
Poverty and its alleviation: The Nigerian experience

EnglishNigeria has remained socio-economically underdeveloped and pauperized amid immense oil wealth and 70 percent of the population is still trapped in poverty. This study analyzes the experience...
White is green: new schematic diagrams

Two new schematic diagrams are presented here that derive from the study of the value relationships of the primary colors ofRGB computer and video color, The first diagram is a 'Truth Table" that presents true-false, on-off states of the three colorsof RGB so that the colors are presented in the order of their brightness values. The second diagram is a triple Venn diagrambased on the perception of color. This diagram is presented as an alternative to the Venn diagrams of additive and subtractivecolor usually used to explain color.Keywords: Venn diagram, value relationship, truth table, difference algorithm, Goethe, Ockham
Risk Analysis in the Theory of the Firm: An Old Problem Revisited

Risk and uncertainty are key components of decision-making. The theory of the firm has been modified to incorporate risk and uncertainty in various ways. This paper incorporates the notion of survival and loss in the owner's equity with Arrow's theory of risk-bearing. The paper puts forth the argument that risk-averse behavior may be observed because of the chance of survival rather than from utility. Some simulation results of a representative farm are also reported. Le risque el l'incertitude sont les facteurs clefs d'une prise de decision. La theorie de la ftrme a ete modifiee, afin d'y incorporer, de manieres differentes, le risque et I'incertitude. Cette etude allie a lafois la notion de survivance et celle deperte dans I'equite du proprietaire, selon la theorie d'Arrow, Iraitant de la capacile a supporter le risque. L'etude met en relief I'argument que le risque, par opposition au comporlement peut etre observe plus par rapport au hasard de survivance que du point de vue de l'utilite. Quelques resultats de simulation d'une ferme caracterislique sont aussi reportes.
The Origin and Structure of Easterly Waves in the Lower Troposphere of North Africa

Abstract This study investigates the origin and structure of easterly waves that form in the lower troposphere of North Africa and have a periodicity of 3–5 days,. From June to early October these waves propagate across the Atlantic and occasionally reach the eastern Pacific. Although only a few of these disturbances actually intensify after reaching the Atlantic, they account for approximately half of the tropical cyclones that form in the Atlantic. Spectral analysis of five years of upper air data shows that African waves produce a spectral peak of the meridional wind at periods of 3–5 days with a maximum amplitude of 1–2 m sec−1 near 700 mb. These waves normally originate between Khartoum (32E) and Ft. Lamy (I5E) and affect a greater depth of the atmosphere as they propagate westward. Wind statistics at stations flanking the mountains in Ethiopia indicate that airflow over these mountains is not the cause of the easterly waves. This study shows that the African waves are directly related to the mid-tro...
Evaluating sources of implicit feedback in web searches

The study investigates the relationship between the types of behavior that can be captured from Web searches and searchers' interests. Web search cases which involve underspecification of information needs at the beginning and modification of search strategies during the search process will be collected and examined by human analysts. The study focuses on identifying the rules used by analysts to infer searcher interests. These rules can be put into algorithms as the basis for systems that provide query modification suggestions or implicitly reformulate the query as the searcher continues to work.
Chromosomal Mapping of the Mouse A3 Adenosine Receptor Gene,Adora3

A3 adenosine receptor is a member of Gi protein-coupled receptors that mediate inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity upon binding to the ligand. We determined the chromosome localization of the mouse A3 gene for future genetic studies, utilizing an interspecific backcross panel formed from the cross (C57BL/6J x Mus spretus)F{sub 1} x M. spretus. Genomic DNAs from 94 individuals in the backcross were analyzed by Southern hybridization with murine A3 receptor cDNA probe. Unique map positions were determined by haplotype analysis with 1388 previously mapped loci in the mouse backcross. The mouse A3 receptor gene (Adora3) mapped to chromosome 3, in tight linkage with DNA marker D3Bir15. 12 refs., 1 fig.
Computations in Hamiltonian QCD

We discuss issues involved in QCD computations based on operators and states instead of the Feynman path integral. These include the expected behavior of eigenvalues inside and outside the scaling region, basis states and matrix elements of the Hamiltonian, gauge fixing, and large lattices. We present results for pure SU(3) lattice gauge theory on a small lattice.
Inducible and constitutive expression using new plasmid and integrative expression vectors for Thermus sp.

Aims: To develop molecular tools and examine inducible and constitutive gene expression in Thermus thermophilus. Methods and Results: Two plasmid promoter probe vectors and an integrative promoter probe vector were constructed using a promoterless thermostable kanamycin nucleotidyltransferase (KmR) cassette. Three expression vectors were constructed based on a constitutive promoter J17, that functions in both Thermus and Escherichia coli. An inducible expression vector was constructed using the heat-shock inducible promoter (70 to 85°C) from the dnaK gene of T. flavus, and the malate dehydrogenase gene (mdh) from T. flavus was cloned and expressed in both E. coli and T. thermophilus HB27. Conclusions: This report describes the construction and use of improved promoter probe and expression vectors for use in Thermus species. The mdh gene can be used as a high temperature (85°C) reporter gene for Thermus sp. The dnaK promoter is thermo-inducible. Significance and Impact of the Study: The expression vectors and molecular tools described here are significant improvements over previously reported vectors for Thermus sp. The mdh gene and the thermo-inducible dnaK promoter will facilitate high temperature studies employing Thermus species.
Hybridization Between Andropogon glomeratus Var. pumilus and A. longiberbis (Gramineae) in Central Florida

In a mixed population ofAndropogon glomeratus var.pumilus andA. longiberbis in Lake County, Florida, there were six individuals morphologically intermediate between and less fertile than these two taxa. In a discriminant analysis using two characters, spikelet length and raceme sheath width, the putative hybrid plants are significantly different from both parents (P<0.01). Reproductive isolation of these taxa in other mixed populations comes, at least in part, from a combination of nonsynchronous flowering and cleistogamy.
Nomadic behavior of army ants in a desert-grassland habitat

Nomadic behavior of the army ant Neivamyrmex nigrescens was studied in a desert-grassland habitat. Six colonies were followed through eight nomadic phases (94 nomadic days) while direction and distance of emigrations, growth of larvae, number of adults and larvae per colony were determined.
Mössbauer-effect-temperature study of 1,1'-diacetylferrocene in a cold smectic-B liquid crystal.

The $^{57}\mathrm{Fe}$ M\"ossbauer-effect (ME) measurements were obtained from a 0.8-wt. % solution of 1,1'-diacetylferrocene (DAF) in the liquid-crystalline material 4-n-octyloxybenzylidene-4'-ethylaniline. The ME parameters were determined for the temperature range of 100--290 K in the crystalline solid phase and 100--150 K in the cold smectic-B phase. The ln f-versus-T data, where f is the recoil-free intensity, exhibited linear Debye behavior for the solid phase over the entire temperature range. The cold smectic ln f-versus-T data also exhibited Debye behavior, and the smectic glass gave a M\"ossbauer-Debye temperature (${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{\mathrm{LC}}$) about 12 K lower than the crystalline phase. The smectic-B glass yielded an order of S=0.09 at 100 K. Also, the intermolecular contribution to the vibrational ellipsoid (${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{L}$) declined linearly with increasing temperature and a comparison of this sample with two other liquid-crystal samples (40.8 and 8\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}09) provides information on the mechanism of dissolution of the DAF.
Carbon dioxide luminescent sensor based on a CMOS image array

Abstract In this work, we describe an optical carbon dioxide (CO2) sensor based on luminescent quenching of hydroxy-pyrenetrisulfonic acid (HPTS). A low-cost CMOS image array was used as detector, while cross-polarization was used to filter the excitation light and reduce background interference. The sensor exhibited excellent performance, with high sensitivity over a wide dynamic range of 0–100% CO2. As proof-of-concept demonstration, the sensor was field-tested with automobile exhaust and benchmarked with a commercial sensor as a reference. By using an image sensor typically found in consumer products, a compact, low-cost luminescence-based CO2 sensor was successfully demonstrated with performance comparable to that of the commercial sensors.
Methane emissions from typical manure management systems

Abstract Methane is the most abundant organic chemical in the earth's atmosphere, and its abundance is increasing with time and has reached levels not seen in recent geological history. Methane is produced both naturally and anthropogenically. One of teh sources of anthropogenic methane is manure from domesticated animals. A methodology has previously been developed to estimate the amount of methane generated from this source. This was done by estimating the methane conversion factor (MCF) typically achieved by various waste management systems. The present study was conducted to evaluate these MCF assumptions using dairy manure as the representative livestock manure. The MCFs for the most dominant of disposal methods, rangeland/pasture disposal, were much lower than the earlier estimates. Other waste management systems, such as solid storage and liquid slurry storage had much higher MCFs, at 20 and 30°C. However, these waste management methods are more prevalent in parts of the world where the average annual temperature is closer to 10°C. At that temperature, the MCF is negligible in all waste management systems. This study showed that the previously reported estimates of MCF for some waste management systems were higher than was actually the case. Consequently earlier estimates of the amount of methane generated globally from manures were higher than those found in this study.
Role of preischemic glycogen depletion in the improvement of postischemic metabolic and contractile recovery of ischemia-preconditioned rat hearts

Background Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) attenuates acidosis during prolonged ischemia and improves contractile and metabolic parameters during subsequent reperfusion. Glycogen depletion induced by IPC is proposed as a potential mechanism. Methods and Results We studied the influence of manipulations of preischemic glycogen levels (Pre-G, μmol glucose/g wet wt) on contractile and metabolic (via 31P–nuclear magnetic resonance) parameters during 30 minutes of ischemia and recovery in four groups of isovolumic rat hearts: First, control (Con, n=18, mean Pre-G, 21.5±0.8); second, after two 5-minute IPC periods (IPC, n=12, Pre-G, 11.3±0.7); third, a control group in which Pre-G was depleted by glucose-free, acetate perfusion (Con-LowG, n=9, Pre-G, 7.9±1.2); and fourth, an IPC group in which Pre-G was raised by glucose and lactate perfusion such that Pre-G was similar to Con (IPC-HiG, n=11, Pre-G, 20±1.4). Manipulation of Pre-G significantly altered the pH fall during 30 minutes of ischemia (Con, 5.76±.03, Con...
Experimental Characterization of a Cantilever Beam With a Fluidic Flexible Matrix Composite Vibration Treatment

Fluidic flexible matrix composite (F2MC) tubes can add damping to and absorb vibrations from a host structure. Transverse structural vibration couples with F2MC tube strain to pump fluid through an external circuit that can be tailored to provide vibration damping and/or absorption. In this paper, an F2MC-cantilever system, consisting of two F2MC tubes attached to a uniform cantilever beam, is designed, fabricated, and experimentally tested. The F2MC tubes are connected in parallel to one of two fluidic circuits. The first circuit uses an orifice to dissipate energy, reducing the first mode resonant response by over 20 dB and providing 5% damping. The second circuit uses an inertia track and an accumulator to produce a tuned absorber that replaces the first mode resonance peak with a valley, reducing the resonant response by 27 dB.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Infrared and Ultraviolet Absorption Spectra of Alpha-Azido Ethers and Amines

The ultraviolet absorption spectra of a series of alpha- azido ethers, alpha- azido thioethers, and alpha- azido amines exhibited extinction coefficient maxima in the region 264-300 mμ. A shift to the lower wavelength was found to occur in the order S>O>N when these atoms are substituted alpha to an azido- group. Infrared absorption spectra were recorded in the 2 to 15 micron region, and assignments made for the asymmetric and symmetric N3 stretching vibrations. The N3 asymmetric vibration occurred in the range 2141-2090 cm−1 for the azides examined. The N3 symmetric vibration was more variable. Tentative assignments were made for this absorption occurring for alpha- azido ethers and alpha- azido thioethers. However, no assignment was made for this vibration for the alpha- azido amines due to the complicated spectra in this region. The N3 asymmetric vibration for azidomethyl methyl ether, azidomethyl methyl sulfide and N-azidomethyl phthalimide exhibited a doublet while other azides exhibited a single absorption for this mode.
Active transport of 2-deoxy-d-glucose in Trypanosoma brucei procyclic forms

The characteristics of glucose transport by procyclic forms of Trypanosoma brucei were examined in a rapid transport assay using the glucose analogue 2-deoxyglucose. In contrast to bloodforms where the Km for 2-deoxyglucose transport is about 1 mM, procyclic forms have a Km of about 38 microM. Procyclic forms show temperature-dependent, saturable import, and import of 2-deoxyglucose is competitive with glucose and mannose. Unlike the bloodforms which employ facilitated diffusion, the procyclic forms actively transport glucose. Use of inhibitors and ionophores suggests that a protonmotive force is required for glucose transport in procyclic forms. Unlike the human erythrocyte glucose transporter, the glucose transporter of the T. brucei procyclic form is relatively insensitive to inhibition by cytocholasin B.
SU‐E‐J‐215: A Two‐Dimensional Deformable Head and Neck Phantom With In‐Vivo Dosimetry for Adaptive Radiotherapy Verification

Purpose: To design and construct a deformable head and neck (HN) phantom with in‐vivo dosimetry for adaptive radiotherapy (ART) verification purposes. Methods: The two‐dimensional deformable phantom recreates a single CT slice of a HN patient. It consists of two parallel acrylic plates with deformable material sandwiched in between. Gypsum plaster is used for bony anatomy and is rigidly attached to the plates. Soft tissue is mimicked with TX151 solidifying powder mixed with water. Areas of denser tissue are obtained by adding plaster powder into the mixture of TX151 and water. Parotids are represented with properties in between less dense and denser tissue. Tissue is distributed around the bony anatomy and constrained by an elastic rubber band around it. The pharynx is created with a hollow nylon tube. An inflatable silicone balloon filled with diluted barium sulfate acts as tumor. Thin plastic markers are glued on the phantom surfaces adjacent to the clear acrylic plates, providing quantifiable visual information of the deformation. Fixed detector holders are placed inside the cord and near the mandible while holders on rails that move with phantom deformation are placed close to the tumor and inside one parotid. Results: The deformable phantom has been tested for the validation of ART. We have studied the symmetric property and the response of an SRS diode that is used for dose measurements. The four point doses are obtained before and after deformation with the original plan and the re‐plan irradiated. The deformable image registration (DIR) algorithm accuracy is also verified by the deformation ground truth provided by surface markers. Conclusion: We have designed and constructed a deformable and durable HN phantom. This phantom can be used for DIR algorithm accuracy tests as well as ART verification.
Mantle phase changes and deep-earthquake faulting in subducting lithosphere

Inclined zones of earthquakes are the primary expression of lithosphere subduction. A distinct deep population of subduction-zone earthquakes occurs at depths of 350 to 690 kilometers. At those depths ordinary brittle fracture and frictional sliding, the faulting processes of shallow earthquakes, are not expected. A fresh understanding of these deep earthquakes comes from developments in several areas of experimental and theoretical geophysics, including the discovery and characterization of transformational faulting, a shear instability connected with localized phase transformations under nonhydrostatic stress. These developments support the hypothesis that deep earthquakes represent transformational faulting in a wedge of olivine-rich peridotite that is likely to persist metastably in coldest plate interiors to depths as great as 690 km. Predictions based on this deep structure of mantle phase changes are consistent with the global depth distribution of deep earthquakes, the maximum depths of earthquakes in individual subductions zones, and key source characteristics of deep events.
Fever, night sweats, and a hepatic mass

A 41 year old Hispanic man with no significant medical history presented with a two month history of fever, chills, and night sweats. He denied nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, weight loss, cough, and dysuria. …
Human Resource Planning in Japanese Multinationals: A Model for U.S. Firms?

The efficient operation of a multinational corporation is contingent upon the availability of numerous—technology, capital, know-how, and people. In this paper, the argument is made that human power is a key ingredient to the successful operation of a multinational, without which all the other aforementioned resources could not be effectively and efficiently utilized or transferred from corporate headquarters to the various subsidiaries in the world. Hence, there is a need for multinationals to devote more attention to human resource planning, which is viewed as part of the overall planning and control process in a firm. The paper compares and contrasts the human resource development programs between a sample of U.S. and Japanese multinationals, and discusses the implications for U.S. multinationals.
Upregulated expression of the genes encoding translation initiation factors eIF-4E and eIF-2α in transformed cells

Increased protein synthesis is necessary for the transition of cells from quiescence to proliferation. It is shown in this paper that the induction of expression of the translation initiation factor eIF-4E in normal cells requires serum growth factors, while this requirement is abrogated in tumor cells analyzed in this study. Further, the expression of eIF-4E and eIF-2α is increased in c-myc, v-src, and v-abl-transformed cells. It is demonstrated that an increase in c-myc function leads to elevated expression of eIF-4E and eIF-2α, increases in net protein synthesis and cell proliferation. It may be suggested that constitutive activation of translational machinery may be one common mechanism by which various oncogenes exert their transforming function.
Alpha: A large-area plasma helicon array

Helicon sources are extremely efficient in creating high density, current free plasma discharges. However, these sources typically have a small cross-sectional area and are unsuitable for studies that require a large diameter plasma. We report the construction of a plasma facility that overcomes this limitation by using multiple helicon sources in a close-packed array. A large-area plasma helicon array (Alpha) is a 4 m long, 50 cm diam device that uses seven helicon sources to generate a large diameter rf plasma. The facility is designed to study basic plasma wave phenomena in a high-density, current-free plasma. The helicon array can operate in one of two modes, creating either seven distinct plasma columns or an integrated uniform large diameter plasma column. Details of the facility specifications, construction, and initial plasma parameters of the multihelicon source are reported.
Culturally Based Intervention Development: The Case of Latino Families Dealing With Schizophrenia.

Objectives: This article describes the process of developing a culturally based family intervention for Spanish-speaking Latino families with a relative diagnosed with schizophrenia. Method: Our iterative intervention development process was guided by a cultural exchange framework and based on findings from an ethnographic study. We piloted this multifamily group 16-session intervention with 59 Latino families in a randomized control trial. Data were collected on family- and client-level outcomes, and poststudy focus groups were conducted with intervention participants. Results: Preliminary evidence indicates that the intervention is effective by increasing illness knowledge and reducing family burden. Conclusions: This work can provide a model for how to integrate cultural factors into psychosocial services and enhance interventions in real-world settings for culturally diverse populations.
Properties of exogenously added GPI‐anchored proteins following their incorporation into cells*

Isolated glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins, when added to cells in vitro, incorporate into their surface membranes and, once incorporated, exert their native functions. Virtually any protein of interest, if expressed as a GPI-reanchored derivative, can be modified to acquire this capacity. Such transfer of proteins directly to cells, termed “protein engineering” or “painting” constitutes an alternative to conventional gene transfer for manipulating cell surface composition that has many potential applications. Previous studies with incorporated GPI-anchored proteins have focused almost entirely on their extracellular functions. In this study, biotinylated human erythrocyte (Ehu) decay accelerating factor, Ehu acetylcholinesterase, and GPI-reanchored murine B7-1 and B7-2 were used as GPI-anchored reporters to characterize their plasma membrane organization and cell signalling properties following addition to Hela or Chinese hamster ovary cells. For each reporter, three types of cell-association were documented; (1) nonphysiological attachment and/or incomplete insertion, (2) uncomplexed membrane integration, and (3) organization into TX-100-resistant microdomains. Transit from the first two compartments into the third, i.e., microdomains, progressed slowly, continuing even after 24 to 36 h and was associated with the acquisition of cell signalling capacity. All four reporters, incorporated in two different detergents, behaved similarly. When organized in microdomains, caveolin and other GPI proteins co-isolated with the incorporated reporter. These results have implications for protein engineering of cells in general, and in particular, for cells such as modified tumor cell immunogens administered to patients for therapeutic purposes. J. Cell. Biochem. 82: 234–245, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Initial oxidation rate of metals and the logarithmic equation

The logarithmic oxidation equation y = k0 In (tτ + 1) is derived assuming control of the rate by electron flow from metal to oxide. Electron flow during oxidation, in turn, is a function of a changing less-positive or a more-negative space charge in the oxide extending up to several thousand angstrom units from the metal surface, where increasing numbers of trapped electrons at lattice defect sites account for the changing space charge. The space charge is composed of two parts: 1. (1) a uniform-charge density layer next to the metal and 2. (2) a diffuse-charge density layer beyond the uniform layer. Oxidation follows the logarithmic equation during formation of both space-charge layers, but not afterward, with a higher oxidation rate accompanying formation of the diffuse layer. It is shown that under some circumstances the particular distribution of negative charge in the diffuse layer may lead to the cubic oxidation equation. Experimental conditions, especially impurities present in the oxide and its heat treatment, probably determine which electric-charge distribution is favored. For oxidation beyond the space-charge layer, either the linear equation is obeyed, with control of the rate still focused at the metal-oxide interface, or, more frequently, the parabolic equation is obeyed with control centered in diffusion and migration processes in the oxide, in accord with Wagner's theory. From oxidation data for copper, the density of trapped electrons in the uniform charge density Cu2O layer at 150° is calculated to be 1.3 × 1015, which decreases to 6 × 1013 at 250°C. The number of available sites for trapped electrons in the diffuse layer is calculated correspondingly to be 1.0 × 1014 and 2.6 × 1012 respectively. The thickness of the uniform charge density layer varies from 360 A at 150° to 1630 A at 250°C. The Rideal-Jones empirical relation ΔE = φ − 3.6, where ΔE is the activation energy for oxidation and φ the metal-work function, both in electron volts, and which has been shown to hold for carbon, tungsten, and platinum, is shown herewith to apply to nickel, tantalum, and titanium, and more approximately to copper and iron. This relation is derived theoretically from the same fundamental assumptions used in deriving the logarithmic oxidation equation.
Current status of endoscopic therapy for ulcer bleeding.

This article provides an overview of the therapeutic endoscopic modalities available for the treatment of peptic ulcer bleeding. The benefits of endoscopic haemostasis have been fully demonstrated by three meta-analyses, which included most of the controlled trials published until 1992. In this review, an emphasis is placed on randomized, prospective comparative trials published during the past 20 years. Using an evidence-based medicine approach, the results of meta-analyses are translated into efficacy measures known as relative and absolute risk reductions, and number needed to treat. Single-modality treatments with injection agents such as epinephrine, sclerosants and thrombogenic substances, or with thermal therapies, are efficacious and comparable. Combination therapy involving injection and thermal techniques may offer an advantage over single-method therapy. The differences in the results between clinical trials and routine clinical practice, and among the various randomized studies, are probably related to operators' experience and variations in technique rather than to inconsistency of endoscopic haemostasis.
A VRML integration methodology for manufacturing applications

This paper describes several methods for using the Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) as the visualization integration technology for manufacturing simulation systems. One of our goals was to develop an integration methodology based on the use of VRML translators to produce reusable VRML components. The use of readily available off-the-shelf VRML models and systems was a major requirement. In addition to the component libraries we also wanted to add a significant analytic system to demonstrate potential application in a real-world manufacturing simulation system. This resulted in the integration of a near real-time dynamics engine with the VRML world. The production and use of intermediate component worlds demonstrates the potential for component libraries of visual manufacturing elements that can be integrated into larger simulation and visualization environments. CR