cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Design of low-complexity wavelet-based image codec

This work proposes the use of the external wavelet transform (EWT) and the scalable binary description (S-BiD) technique to reduce the memory requirement and the processing time for wavelet-based image compression methods, in the stage of the wavelet transform as well as the quantization and coding of wavelet coefficients. With EWT, one performs the wavelet transform on an image stored in a less expensive but slower buffer with the help of a small fast cache. With the S-BiD technique, wavelet coefficients are partitioned into wavelet blocks. Each block is small enough to be fetched into the cache to be coded completely. Wavelet coefficients are quantized into a set of interleaved bit-streams that describe three layers in the quantization hierarchy, i.e. blocks, subbands and coefficients, respectively. The resulting codec finds wide applications. It can be easily implemented in a DSP or used to compress a very large image without tiling. It can generate good compressed images even with a cache memory less than 4 Kbyte. With a cache memory of 16 Kbyte, its PSNR performance is comparable with all other codecs while it has a very fast coding speed. The maximum size of the wavelet block that can be processed is limited by the size of the cache memory. The coding efficiency of this codec increases with a larger block size.
Carcinoma of the Lung with Nonmalignant Pleural Effusion: Recovery by Pneumonectomy

A 50 year old man with proved bronchiogenic carcinoma of the lung had a large hemorrhagic pleural effusion. Study of the fluid showed no tumor cells, but evidence of inflammation. A pneumonectomy was performed and the fluid was shown to be due to secondary pneumonitis. The patient is well after five years postoperatively. The presence of pleural effusion in cases of bronchiogenic carcinoma of the lung does not contraindicate operation unless there is unmistakable evidence of metastasis to the pleura such as tumor cells in the fluid or visible tumor in the pleura.
Mitral Regurgitation After Myocardial Infarction: A Review

Mitral regurgitation after myocardial infarction is the result of multifactorial processes involving local and global left ventricular remodeling. The prevalence of mitral regurgitation varies from 11% to 59%. Published studies differ greatly in design, inclusion criteria, duration of follow-up, and technique of mitral regurgitation assessment. However, they consistently indicate that mitral regurgitation after myocardial infarction carries an adverse prognosis with increased risk of death and heart failure independently of previously known indicators of risk after myocardial infarction. Mitral regurgitation is often clinically silent; therefore, it should be systematically evaluated by echocardiography. Standard color Doppler imaging is a highly sensitive method to detect even mild degrees of ischemic mitral regurgitation. One unique advantage of echocardiography is that it accurately quantifies the severity of mitral regurgitation by measuring the effective regurgitant orifice area and the regurgitant volume using Doppler methodology. Therefore, the evaluation should include precise quantification of the degree of mitral regurgitation to best appraise the ensuing risk. Current medical options rely chiefly on angiotensin converting enzyme-inhibitors and beta-blocker therapy, and surgical approaches offer future promise. Both categories of therapeutic approaches should be evaluated by randomized controlled trials.
Displacement-Based Method of Analysis for Regular Reinforced-Concrete Wall Buildings: Application to a Full-Scale 7-Story Building Slice Tested at UC–San Diego

This paper describes a displacement-based method of analysis for the performance-based seismic design of regular buildings with reinforced-concrete bearing walls acting as the lateral-force resisti...
Charge compensation in irradiated semiconductor devices using high-resistivity field plates

Abstract A field-plate structure using a high-resistivity material is described. As with other field plates, it can be used to compensate trapped charges in semiconductor devices, including radiation detectors, but because little current flows through it during the time a pulse is present on the signal electrodes, it does not significantly increase the effective capacitance between signal electrodes or other structures near the plates.
Thermal characterization of nanostructured superlattices of TiN/TaN: Applications as electrodes in Phase Change Memory

Phase Change Memory (PCM) technology relies on the contrast in electrical resistance between the amorphous and crystalline states of a chalcogenide active material. Electrical PCM devices use Joule heating by short pulses of current to induce phase change, such that the amount of heat injected into the active material and the rate of cooling determine the final state of material formed. In this paper, we explore the possibility of replacing commonly used TiN electrodes by nanostructured superlattices of TiN/TaN that have lower through-plane thermal conductivity, in order to improve the confinement of heat within the phase change material and achieve a reduction in the device programming current. TiN(m)/TaN(n) superlattices were grown on Si substrates using physical vapor deposition, m and n representing the intra-period thicknesses of TiN and TaN layers respectively (m, n: 5 - 25 nm). The through-plane thermal conductivity of these superlattices was measured using time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR), and was found to be in the range 1.5 - 2 W/m-K, a reduction from the bulk conductivity of TiN (~ 19 W/m-K) by up to a factor of 10. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) was used to characterize film morphology, pointing to additional sources of carrier scattering that might lead to this reduction in conductivity, and suggesting avenues for optimization of growth parameters. The low thermal conductivity of the superlattice films opens up the possibility of using them as bottom electrodes in PCM, towards the goal of reducing power consumption and improving device packing density. A simplified 1D thermal model predicts that reductions in programming current b y ~75% are possible.
ELECTROSLAG-MELTED MOLYBDENUM.

Abstract The preparation of molybdenum ingots by electroslag melting is discussed, ingot characteristics are described, and results of mechanical testing of wrought products are compared with those from similar material prepared from arc-cast molybdenum. Thermochemical considerations limit the choice of slag materials to a few high-temperature oxides; of these, yttrium oxide was found to be best suited for use in molybdenum melting. The use of additives to the slag was found necessary to minimize the occurrence of excessive oxide films at ingot grain boundaries. Changes in ingot surface and structure were found to be responsive to changes in such melting variables as power input, electrode spacing, electrode polarity, and environmental pressure conditions. Pressure conditions, electrode polarity, and the slag additives carbon and yttrium, were found to influence the oxygen level and occurrence of extraneous oxide phases in the ingots. Excellent surface conditions are normally associated with the electroslag ingots; as a direct result, much less waste in conditioning ingots for fabrication was encountered than is normal for arc-cast ingots. Additional material economy results from the unusually low temperature at which the electroslag ingots can be fabricated. Sheet fabricated from the electroslag-melted ingots appears to have mechanical properties superior to those of sheet prepared from similar arc-cast ingots.
The racial crossover in family complexity in the United States

This article examines the evolution of the black extended family by documenting a black-white crossover in the proportions of unmarried adults living in complex households after the middle of the twentieth century. We demonstrate significant racial differences in the trends in complex household residence over the life course, characterized by far greater declines in complex living among whites, particularly at younger ages. In this context, the higher level of family extension that recent research has found typifies black families is both a relatively new phenomenon and one that is not just limited to single-parent families; it characterizes all ages, those with and without children, and men as well as women.
Sedimentation rates and patterns in beaver ponds in a mountain environment

Abstract Sediment depth was measured at several sites within each of eight beaver ponds in Glacier National Park, Montana, and sediment samples wen; collected from five of these ponds. Accumulation rates of sediments far exceeded published rates from boreal forest landscapes in eastem and central North America. Pond area strongly predicts volume of sedimentation. Textural differences illustrated spatial variations associated with position in a pond and along a pond sequence. Organic matter content was significantly higher in older ponds, and has ramifications for the development of the benthos and the long-term storage of matter in ponds. The role of beavers as biogeomorphic agents is profound, but requires further elucidation to distinguish between fluvial sediment deposition in ponds and sediment deposition associated with beaver excavational activity.
Corticosteroid-induced abnormality in fetal mice and h-2 haplotype: evidence of a cytoplasmic effect.

Different strains of H-2 congenic mice have different susceptibilities to corticosteroid-induced fetal loss and cleft palate. Applying this knowledge, we tested the null hypothesis, which assumes that there are no statistically significant differences in the frequency of abnormality among various types of treated backcross offspring and, thus, no evidence of a cytoplasmic effect. In the present study this null hypothesis was frequently, but not consistently, rejected. Therefore, there was some evidence of a cytoplasmic effect. One possible explanation of these results is seen when one considers the phenotypic effects of “gene-gene interaction” between variant H-2 genotypes and an invariant mitochondrial genotype.
Developing Strategic Thinkers through Music Teacher Education: A "Best Practice" for Overcoming Professional Myopia and Transforming Music Education

In this article, the author employs systems theory and organizational theory to illustrate how music education is an occupation instead of a profession and that most music educators think and function at the tactical level. The lack of a true education organization and career ladder for teachers, and that those operating at the tactical level control music education practice and the professional development of teachers keeps music education from developing strategic thinkers, becoming a profession, and meeting its social responsibility. The way to improve music education is to broaden the thought level of K-12 teachers during their preservice degree programs and nurture strategic thinking throughout their careers. The author provides a model of how this is being done in one program.
Capsule commentary on Shahinian et al.: Patterns of bone mineral density testing in men receiving androgen deprivation for prostate cancer.

This analysis of SEER-Medicare data by Shahinian and Kuo compared bone mineral density (BMD) testing in prostate cancer survivors on androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) to prostate cancer survivors who were not receiving ADT.1 BMD testing in the men on ADT increased from less than 1% in 1996 to 11.5% in 2008. While BMD testing increased in the prostate cancer survivors not on ADT, it occurred at a much lower rate, increasing from less than 1% to 4.4%. This increase in BMD testing is not surprising and is clinically appropriate given that ADT use is associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis and fractures. The authors also show that patients who were cared for by a urologist alone were significantly less likely to undergo BMD testing than those cared for by both a urologist and a primary care physician (PCP). Given what we know about the bony side effects of ADT, why isn’t BMD testing more common? I believe that the answer lies not in the specialty of the treating physician but in the clinical uncertainty of what to do with the results of BMD testing when ordered. Obviously, if the test finds that the patient is osteoporotic, some type of treatment should be initiated, but should this be an oral alendronate, intravenous zoledronic acid or subcutaneous denosumab, all of which have been shown to be effective in preventing further bone loss?2–4 Furthermore, if BMD testing shows osteopenia or is normal, should one of these agents be used for prevention? The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines on the treatment of prostate cancer suggest initiating treatment in patients at certain increased levels of fracture risk, based upon the FRAX nomogram from the World Health Organization.5 The guidelines, however, do not provide guidance on the frequency of BMD testing and are based primarily on expert opinion. Acknowledging these limitations, these guidelines still provide useful information for clinicians, and, as such, urologists and PCPs need to be more aware of bone health in prostate cancer survivors on ADT and perform BMD testing more often.
Achalasia in children and adults

Abstract Achalasia or primary megaloureter is a relatively rare disorder characterized by a functional obstruction of the distal ureter. The etiology and pathophysiology are presently obscure, and the diagnosis is established on clinical, radiographic, and surgical findings. Review of 22 cases in children and adults demonstrated a high incidence of associated congenital anomalies. Many of these patients had symptoms of infection or hematuria during infancy or early childhood. In adults the disease often is stabilized and can be treated without surgery. In childhood, operative intervention by excision of the anomalous segment and reimplantation of the ureter into the bladder with an antireflux procedure is the treatment of choice.
Structural Chemistry of Promethium

A method using promethium-147 was employed to investigate the structural behavior of promethium sesquioxide. Measurements of radioactivity were carried out systematically over a large range of temperatures to determine the distribution of promethium sesquioxide between two nonsoluble solid phases: one with a fluorite lattice and the other with a hexagonal structure. These phases were solid solutions of cerium, praseodymium and thorium dioxides saturated with sesquioxides, and sesquioxides in the hexagonal form saturated with dioxides, respectively. The two solid phases were separated by dissolving the hexagonal phase only with suitable solvents. The investigation indicates that over a large range of temperatures promethium sesquioxide has nearly fluoritic structure. (J.H.M.)
Morphologic Variants of Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis and Their Significance

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) comprises a group of clinical-pathologic syndromes characterized by heavy proteinuria and segmental obliteration of glomerular capillaries by extracellular matrix. FSGS lesions display morphologic heterogeneity with respect to their relationship to the glomerular vascular and tubular poles, the presence of capillary collapse, and endocapillary and extracapillary hypercellularity. A working proposal, commonly referred to as the Columbia Classification, distinguishes 5 mutually exclusive morphologic variants: collapsing, tip, cellular, perihilar, and not otherwise specified (NOS), which can be applied to primary and secondary forms of FSGS. Several studies have documented significant differences in baseline clinical characteristics and outcomes between morphologic variants of primary FSGS, supporting that this classification may provide useful prognostic information. The association of certain variants with particular secondary causes of FSGS suggests pathogenetic relevance.
Tissue distribution and elimination of rotenone in rainbow trout

Abstract The fate of a single i.v. dose (120 μg/kg) of the piscicide [14C]rotenone was evaluated in rainbow trout for periods up to 72 h after dosing. Rotenone was rapidly cleared from the plasma; less than 2% of the dose remained in the plasma compartment after 20 min. The highest concentrations of rotenone residues (% dose/g tissue) were in the hepatobiliary system, bile, intestine, and in heart, lateral line swimming muscle, and posterior kidney; tissues that are highly dependent on oxidative metabolism. Although rotenone activity was present in all cell fractions examined, greater than 40% was associated with the mitochondrial fraction of liver, kidney, and muscle. More than 85% of the activity extracted from these tissues, except the liver, was parent rotenone. Elimination from whole body and major tissue depots conformed to simple first-order kinetics; the estimated half-life from whole body was 68.5 h. Branchial elimination accounted for 5% of the injected dose over a 4-h period, and urinary elimination was less than 2% over a 48-h period. Rotenone was eliminated essentially unchanged across the gills; however, parent rotenone was not found in either urine or bile. More than 80% of the activity in both urine and bile eluted from HPLC chromatographs as a highly polar fraction that was not hydrolyzed by incubation with either β-glucuronidase or sulfatase. The results imply that hepatobiliary excretion is the major route of elimination for rotenone residues in the trout and that metabolism to a more polar form is a prerequisite for elimination in both the bile and the urine.
Constructing integral uniform flows in symmetric networks with application to the edge-forwarding index problem

We study the integral uniform (multicommodity) flow problem in a graph G and construct a fractional solution whose properties are invariant under the action of a group of automorphisms Γ<Aut(G). The fractional solution is shown to be close to an integral solution (depending on properties of Γ), and in particular becomes an integral solution for a class of graphs containing Cayley graphs. As an application we estimate asymptotically (up to additive error terms) the edge congestion of an optimal integral uniform flow (edge forwarding index) in the cube-connected cycles and the butterfly. Moreover, we derive the best-known lower bound on the crossing number of a butterfly.
Advancing a Community Psychology of Men

This commentary reviews and integrates several themes described in this special issue on men. Social forces of the past and present such as colonialism and hegemonic masculinity are noted as a continuing influence on men's social roles, as are the social-justice movements that contribute to the liberation of women and sexual minorities. The early sections of the commentary examine the studies in the context of these forces and movements, emphasizing how men both resist and accept traditional masculinities. In the latter sections the commentary turns to the research process -first with a discussion of the structural and constructionist themes in the studies, followed by the issue of how men are classified (implicitly or otherwise) as either agents or targets of oppression. The implications of these for community psychology research with men are considered, along with the idea that research is a social "performance" in which a researcher's concern about her or his audience influence the research process. The conclusion summarizes the challenges of conducting research with men while making the case that community psychology offers some distinct advantages in managing them. Of particular value is the field's emphasis on diversity, social justice, and social ecology.
421 A phase II trial of docetaxel in squamous cell cancer of the head and neck

Docetaxel was given as a 100 mg/m2 intravenous injection, once every 3 weeks; in patients with metastatic or recurrent squamous cancer of the head and neck. Patients were pretreated with steroids and antihis-tamines. Twenty eight patients were entered. All had previous radiotherapy and 9 had cisplatinum/FUra based induction chemotherapy > 12 months previously. The remaining 19 had no prior chemotherapy. There was a 50% response rate (4 CR and 10 PR) among all patients. Response among patients treated with prior induction chemotherapy was 40%. The median duration of response was 4 months. 43% of the patients experienced leukopenia (WBC
Group Artistic Creativity: Creative Clusters and Cinematic Success in Feature Films1

Filmmaking represents a distinctive form of group creativity in which many individuals contribute to a single creative product. This exploratory investigation examines these contributions in 1,327 English-language, narrative feature films. Besides control variables, the measures included 2 criteria of impact (Best Picture honors, movie guide ratings) and 16 assessments of outstanding cinematic contributions (direction, male and female lead, male and female supporting, screenplay, art direction, costume design, makeup, cinematography, film editing, score, song, visual effects, sound effects editing, sound). A factor analysis showed that the contributions formed 4 creative clusters: dramatic, visual, technical, and musical. Hierarchical regression analyses indicate that a film's impact was a positive additive function of the dramatic and visual clusters, with the dramatic having the primary role.
Thermal analysis of sodium metabisulfite

Abstract Thermal decomposition of sodium metabisulfite in air involves two major weight changes before the final formation of sodium sulfate. The first is an endothermic process, in which sulfur dioxide is evolved, leaving a residue of sodium sulfite. The second change leads to the formation of sodium sulfate by oxidation of the sulfite. There are, however, intermediate decomposition reactions, occurring at the second change, which lead to the formation of elemental sulfur and to incomplete recovery of the original sulfur in the final sulfate product.
Low polydispersity star polymers via cross-linking macromonomers by ATRP.

A new method for the synthesis of star polymers with high molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distribution (MWD) is presented. The star copolymers were prepared by atom transfer radical (co)polymerization (ATRP) of linear macromonomers with divinyl cross-linkers using low molar mass initiator. In contrast to prior “arm-first” procedures with macroinitiators, by using lower ratio of concentration of initiator to MM, the star polymers contained less initiating sites in the core, which decreased the extent of star−star coupling reactions and resulted in formation of star polymers with narrower MWD. Addition of more cross-linker and initiator during the reaction increased the star molecular weight and star yield while retaining the narrow MWD of the star polymer. For example, we synthesized a star polymer with molecular weight Mn = 466 000 g/mol and Mw/Mn 98% yield.
Phase Inversion Temperatures of Macro- and Microemulsions

There exists a parallelism between emulsions and the corresponding microemulsions. In this framework and on the basis of the Gibbs adsorption equation, an explanation is provided for the experimental observation that the phase inversion temperature of a macroemulsion almost coincides with the phase inversion temperature of the corresponding middle phase microemulsion in equilibrium with the two excess phases.
A simple model of two-body decays of charmed mesons into pseudoscalar mesons using the {1}/{N} expansion

Abstract An attempt is made to understand charmed meson decays in a simple yet quantitative language. The 1 N expansion of QCD is chosen for the analysis of these decays. With the 1 N expansion, significant SU(3)-flavor breaking effects are isolated and evaluated.
PPPS-2013: Modeling snowflake divertors for reduced surface heat-flux in tokamaks

Summary form only given. The high peak heat-flux of plasma exhaust in magnetic fusion devices incident on material surfaces could exceed material limits and must be controlled. The magnetic snowflake divertor1 can alleviate this problem by introducing a null in the poloidal magnetic field, Bp, where Bp's local strength varies as the square of the distance from the null compared to the linear variation of the standard X-point divertor. The increased magnetic flux expansion of the snowflake and the high ratio of plasma-to-poloidal magnetic pressure, termed βp, are predicted to reduce both steady state heat flux and that from large, intermittent edge localized modes (ELMs).1,2 Experiments in TCV (Lausanne), NSTX (Princeton Plasma Physics Lab), and DIII-D (General Atomics) tokamaks have observed substantial heat-flux reduction when using a snowflake configuration. Some of these effects have been modeled by the 2D UEDGE edge plasma/neutral transport code.3 Here we present extensions to that modeling to include detailed comparison with the new experimental results from DIII-D.4 In addition, we add a feedback model such that the radial spreading of the ELM by plasma convection2 near the null point is proportional to the local βp, thus providing a dynamic description of the spreading during the ELM.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Water/Mucus Partition Coefficients for Feeding Stimulants in Fish and the Implications for Olfaction

The odorant partition coefficient is a physicochemical property that has been shown to dramatically influence odorant deposition patterns in the mammalian nose, leading to a chromatographic separation of odorants along the sensory epithelium. It is unknown whether a similar phenomenon occurs in fish. Here we utilize molecular dynamics simulations, based on a simplified molecular model of olfactory mucus, to calculate water/mucus partition coefficients for amino acid odorants (alanine, glycine, cysteine, and valine) that are known to elicit feeding behavior in fish. Both fresh water and salt water environments are considered. In fresh water, all four amino acids prefer the olfactory mucus phase to water, and the partition coefficient is shown to correlate with amino acid hydrophobicity. In salt water, a reversal in odorant partitioning is found, where each of the feeding stimulants (except glycine) prefer the water phase to olfactory mucus. This is due to the interactions between the salt ions and the odorant molecules (in the water phase), and between the salt and simplified mucin (in the olfactory mucus phase). Thus, slightly different odorant deposition patterns may occur in the fish olfactory organ in fresh and salt water environments. However, in both underwater environments we found that the variation of the water/mucus odorant partition coefficient is approximately one order of magnitude, in stark contrast to air/mucus odorant partition coefficients that can span up to six orders of magnitude. We therefore anticipate relatively similar deposition patterns for most amino acid odorants in the fish olfactory chamber. Thus, in contrast to terrestrial species, living in an underwater environment may preclude appreciable chromatographic odorant separation that may be used for spatial coding of odor identity across the olfactory epithelium. This is consistent with the reported lack of spatial organization of olfactory receptor neurons in the fish olfactory epithelium.
Bioburden Increases Heterotopic Ossification Formation in an Established Rat Model.

Background Heterotopic ossification (HO) develops in a majority of combat-related amputations wherein early bacterial colonization has been considered a potential early risk factor. Our group has recently developed a small animal model of trauma-induced HO that incorporates many of the multifaceted injury patterns of combat trauma in the absence of bacterial contamination and subsequent wound colonization.
Is preoperative laparoscopy useful for impalpable testis

AbstractPurpose: Laparoscopic assessment of pelvic anatomy has gained wide popularity over the years. Today surgical treatment of impalpable testis is nearly always preceded by diagnostic laparoscopy. The actual role of such a procedure remains undefined. We performed a prospective randomized clinical trial in patients with impalpable testis to evaluate the clinical usefulness of laparoscopy before surgical exploration.Materials and Methods: We studied pediatric, age matched patients with impalpable testis who were randomized to group 1-30 who underwent open surgery only and group 2-31 who underwent laparoscopy and open surgery. Anatomical findings, operative procedures, operative time and cost, number of recurrences and testicular volume at followup were then compared in the 2 groups.Results: There were no statistically significant differences in the 2 groups for any of the considered parameters except operative cost and time, which were significantly higher in the laparoscopy group.Conclusions: Preopera...
Social Class and Parent-Child Relationships: An Interpretation

The argument of this analysis is that class differences in parent-child relationships are a product of differences in parental values (with middle-class parents' values centering on self-direction and working-class parents' values on conformity to external proscriptions); these differences in values, in turn, stem from differences in the conditions of life of the various social classes (particularly occupational conditions-middle-class occupations requiring a greater degree of self-direction, working-class occupations, in larger measure, requiring that one follow explicit rules set down by someone in authority). Values, thus, form a bridge between social structure and behavior.
BLOOD VISCOELASTICITY FOR CONDITIONS OF PHYSIOLOGICAL FLOW IN SMALL ARTERIES

The viscoelasticity of blood is quantified by studying the oscillatory flow of suspensions of RBC in plasma in 218 μm and 400 μm glass capillary tubes. The flow conditions are chosen to reflect normal physiological flow in small arterial vessels. Data are obtained for suspension hematocrits between 35 and 80 percent, and at physiological temperature (37°C) The results indicate that the elastic component of the viscoelasticity of blood is effectively negligible for the conditions of this study; the measured pressure gradient-flowrate relationship is dominated by the viscous component of blood viscoelasticity.
Spin waves in antiferromagnetic spin chains with long-range interactions

We study antiferromagnetic spin chains with unfrustrated long-range interactions that decay as power laws with exponent beta, using the spin-wave approximation. We find for sufficiently large spin S that the Neel order is stable at T=0 for beta<3, and survives up to a finite Neel temperature for beta<2, validating the spin-wave approach in these regimes. We estimate the critical values of S and T for the Neel order to be stable. The spin-wave spectra are found to be gapless but have nonlinear momentum dependence at long wavelength, which is responsible for the suppression of quantum and thermal fluctuations and stabilizing the Neel state. We also show that for betaless than or equal to1 and for a large but finite-size system size L, the excitation gap of the system approaches zero slower than L-1, a behavior that is in contrast to the Lieb-Schultz-Mattis theorem.
Sound propagation at small scales under continuum and non-continuum transport

Using an observation by Lamb, namely that continuum sound wave propagation in sufficiently narrow channels is quasi-steady and isothermal, we obtain analytical predictions for the propagation of sound waves at small scales under non-continuum transport. We also extend Lamb's approach to include the effects of inertia and heat conduction for wave propagation at larger characterisitc scales descibed by continuum transport (no-slip and slip-flow regimes). Our theoretical predictions are compared to molecular-based direct Monte Carlo solutions of the Boltzmann equation. Very good agreement is found between theory and numerical solutions.
The Role of Ischemic Preconditioning in the Recruitment of Rolling and Adherent Leukocytes in Hepatic Venules after Ischemia/Reperfusion☆☆☆

Background. We have recently shown that hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) results in rolling and adherence of leukocytes in terminal hepatic venules (THV) followed by hepatic enzyme elevation and tissue destruction. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of ischemic preconditioning on the recruitment of leukocytes in THV after liver I/R. Methods. Left hepatic lobe ischemia was induced for 5 min (preconditioning) in anesthetized C57B1/6 mice followed by reperfusion for 10 min and then prolonged ischemia for 30 min. The number of rolling, saltating, and adherent leukocytes in THV was measured at 0.5, 2, 5, 12, and 24 h after reperfusion using intravital video microscopy. Matching sham groups were evaluated after 30 min of ischemia. Results. Hepatic I/R elicited significant increases in the number of rolling, saltating, and adherent leukocytes, with peak values observed at 30 min and 5 h after reperfusion. All of these responses were significantly attenuated in mice undergoing ischemic preconditioning. Rolling leukocytes in THV following I/R without preconditioning reached peak levels of 25.2 ± 1.4 leuk/2 min (leukocytes/2 min) at 30 min reperfusion and 31.4 ± 1.5 leuk/2 min at 5 h reperfusion. With ischemic preconditioning these values fell to 12.3 ± 0.9 leuk/2 min and 14.4 ± 1.0 leuk/2 min, respectively (P < 0.001). Similarly, adherent leukocytes in nonpreconditioned mice reached peak values of 4.8 ± 1.3 leuk/2 min at 30 min reperfusion and 8.3 ± 1.2 leuk/2 min at 5 h reperfusion compared with 2.0 ± 1.5 leuk/2 min and 1.6 ± 1.1 leuk/2 min in preconditioned mice, respectively (P < 0.001). Conclusion. Ischemic preconditioning attenuates the initial events leading to leukocyte-mediated hepatic destruction following I/R injury. Delineating these mechanisms may play an important role in hepatic transplantation, resection, shock, and sepsis.
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression in an Older Gay Man: A Clinical Case Study

Although strong evidence supports cognitive-behavioral therapy for late-life depression and depression in racial and ethnic minorities, there are no empirical studies on the treatment of depression in older sexual minorities. Three distinct literatures were tapped to create a depression treatment protocol for an older gay male. Interventions were deduced from the late-life depression literature, culturally adapted CBT protocols for racial minorities, and the emerging social and developmental psychological theories for lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations. Specific treatment interventions, processes, and outcomes are described to illustrate how these literatures may be used to provide more culturally appropriate and effective health care for the growing, older sexual minority population.
Design Considerations and Operating Experience of Regenerators for Industrial Gas Turbines

The paper gives a brief review of the general specifications including performance requirements, operating conditions, and installation. It points out some of the design restrictions that were considered from a practical manufacturing viewpoint and some of the basic research that had taken place over a period of years. Field testing and operating experience are vital contents of the paper.Copyright © 1961 by ASME
Mid-infrared W quantum-well lasers for noncryogenic continuous-wave operation

We review the recent progress of electrically injected and optically pumped mid-IR lasers based on antimonide quantum wells with the type II W configuration. W quantum-well diodes have achieved cw operation up to 195 K at lambda = 3.25 mum. Optically pumped devices that employ the diamond pressure bond heat sink have reached 290 K at 3 mum and 210 K at 6 mum. Pulsed power conversion efficiencies of up to 7% at 220 K have been attained by use of an optical pumping injection cavity approach, in which an etalon cavity for the pump beam significantly enhances its absorptance. The angled-grating distributed-feedback configuration has been used to obtain near-diffraction-limited output for an optical pumping stripe width of 50 mum.
Spurious elevation of serum PSA after curative treatment for prostate cancer: clinical consequences and the role of heterophilic antibodies

BACKGROUND: Various interferences can cause spurious results for common laboratory tests. Although rare, heterophilic antibodies may produce false elevations in PSA that could prompt unnecessary therapy in men previously treated for prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of small, spurious PSA elevations, and the role of heterophilic antibodies. METHODS: Phase I: all PSA tests drawn and measured between 27 October 2008 and 26 October 2010 at Vanderbilt University Medical Center were analyzed (n=17 133). Patients who had been treated for prostate cancer with PSA values that changed from undetectable to detectable were evaluated. Phase II: patients with a detectable PSA ⩽0.5 ng ml−1 measured between 24 October 2010 and 19 January 2011 were studied prospectively (n=1288). If any patient had a previously undetectable PSA value, their serum was tested for heterophilic antibody interference. RESULTS: Phase I: 11 men had a spuriously elevated PSA after curative treatment for prostate cancer (0.3%). Mean time to PSA elevation was 3.4±5.5 years, and mean elevation in PSA was 0.33±0.28 ng ml−1. Each patient's PSA was undetectable after being repeated, and no patient went on to unnecessary treatment. Phase II: 10 men had a newly detectable PSA, 9 of whom had a history of prostate cancer. Each tested negative for interfering heterophilic antibodies when their PSA test was repeated with a heterophilic antibody-blocking reagent. CONCLUSIONS: In a large cohort, we estimate the prevalence of spuriously elevated PSA values in our population to be 0.3%. No patient with a prostate cancer history was subjected to unnecessary diagnostic evaluation or treatment. On prospective evaluation of PSA conversion to low detectable levels, no patient had evidence of interfering heterophilic antibodies. When using PSA for post-treatment surveillance, it is crucial to confirm all concerning values and consider the presence of a spurious elevation in PSA if the value does not correlate with the clinical scenario.
Hemophilia A in chromosomal female subjects.

Two unrelated female subjects with a hemorrhagic diathesis associated with pure AHGdeficiency are presented. The father of one girl has classical hemophilia; the mother of the other is a “carrier”. Pedigree analyses indicate no reason for believing that either of these girls has a genetic constitution other than heterozygous for the hemophilia gene von Willebrand's disease was excluded by appropriate laboratory studies. Possible genetic mechanisms which might have resulted in severe AHG deficiency in these patients are discussed.
The nuclear factor-κB pathway down-regulates expression of the NKG2D ligand H60a in vitro: implications for use of nuclear factor-κB inhibitors in cancer therapy

NKG2D ligands are cell surface proteins that activate NKG2D, a receptor used by natural killer (NK) cells to detect virus-infected and transformed cells. When tumour cells express high levels of NKG2D ligands, they are rejected by the immune system. Hence, reagents that increase NKG2D ligand expression on tumour cells can be important for tumour immunotherapy. To identify genes that regulate the NKG2D ligand H60a, we performed a microarray analysis of 3'-methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma cell lines expressing high versus low H60a levels. A20, an inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation, was differentially expressed in H60a-hi sarcoma cells. Correspondingly, treatment of tumour cells with inhibitors of NF-κB activation, such as sulfasalazine (slz), BAY-11-7085, or a non-phosphorylatable IκB, led to increased levels of H60a protein, whereas transduction of cells with an active form of IκB kinase-β (IKKβ) led to decreased levels of H60a. The regulation probably occurred at the transcriptional level, because NF-κB pathway inhibition led to increased H60a transcripts and promoter activity. Moreover, treatment of tumour cells with slz enhanced their killing by NK cells in vitro, suggesting that NF-κB inhibition can lead to tumour cell rejection. Indeed, when we blocked the NF-κB pathway specifically in tumour cells, there was decreased tumour growth in wild-type but not immune-deficient mice. Our results suggest that reagents that can block NF-κB activity specifically in the tumour and not the host immune cells would be efficacious for tumour therapy.
Effect of 6-hydroxydopamine on retinal development in the chick.

Huhnerembryonen wurden am 3. und 8. Inkubationstag mit 6-Hydroxydopamin behandelt. Die histologische Analyse der Retina ergab am 19. Tag eine charakteristische Hemmung der Photorezeptoren (Stabchen und Zapfen).
Supporting multiple organometallic catalysts on poly(norbornene) for cyanide addition to α,β-unsaturated imides

Abstract A two-catalyst system comprising of salen(AlCl) and pybox(ErCl3) complexes supported onto poly(norbornene) has been developed. As a proof of concept the activity of the two-catalyst system was gauged for the addition of cyanide to α,β-unsaturated imides which has been shown to follow a bimetallic mechanism. The activity of the supported two-catalyst system was significantly higher than catalytic systems derived from mixtures of the two catalysts. In addition, the co-polymer could be readily recovered and reused up to 3 cycles without significant loss in conversions and yields. Nevertheless, a decrease in enantioselectivity of the cyanide adduct was observed with each subsequent cycle indicating some loss in catalytic selectivity. The reported strategy opens up avenues for supporting multiple catalysts on the same polymer backbone for catalyst-based one-pot cascade reactions.
A software demonstrator for steady-state synchronous-machine behavior

The authors present the philosophy, development, and use of a program package SYNCDEM (synchronous-machine demonstrator) which is being completed at New Mexico State University: a software package to assist in the demonstration and analysis of the steady-state behavior of the polyphase synchronous machine in terms of its equivalent circuit. The SYNCDEM program implementation uses color graphics to illustrate the quasi-state behavior of the synchronous machine, showing resulting changes in phasors and numerical values in response to interactive modifications in the problem. SYNCDEM has been used at New Mexico State University both as an in-class demonstrator during lectures and as a basis for homework assignments. >
The Landau damping of magnetospherically reflected whistlers within the plasmasphere

[1] Evidence for significant energetic electron precipitation by magnetospherically reflected (MR) whistlers has recently been found in SAMPEX energetic electron data [Blake et al., 2001], implying that these waves undergo many reflections before being attenuated through Landau damping. We quantify the Landau damping of MR whistlers, using recent energetic electron data from the HYDRA instrument on POLAR and show that the MR wave components can endure for as long as ∼20 seconds and undergo as many as 17 reflections before experiencing a 6 dB power loss due to Landau damping. Our results suggest that MR whistler wave energy may thus significantly enhance the total amount of energetic electron precipitation induced by each individual lightning discharge.
Automatic Gain Control in Tv Automation

An automatic programming device depends on automatic gain control in typical TV applications. An ``All-Electronic'' A.G.C. with sufficient operational range for use as an integral part of a monochrome vidicon film center is described and compared to other gain control methods.
Facile method for the preparation of some novel bicyclic lactones.

The preparation of 1-methyl-2,3-benzo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-4,7-dione and 1-methyl-2,3-benzo-6-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-4,7-dione is reported by facile intramolecular cyclization of the corresponding bromotetralone. 4-Methyl-4-carboxyl-1-tetralone is cyclized under the conditions of bromination. 4-Methyl-1-tetralone-4-acetic acid is cyclized only on continued heating of the α-bromoketone in acetic acid.
MPL-a graphical programming environment for matrix processing based on logic and constraints

The matrix is a commonly used two-dimensional data structure. On a two-dimensional display, 2-D data structures are more suitable for visualization than other linear structures such as lists. A description is given of a graphical programming environment for processing matrices, called MPL, in which matrices are integrated graphically as parts of the program. The system demonstrates that several ideas from programming language research-constraints, logic programming and functionals-can be combined with visual programming techniques to form an efficient mixed graphical-textual notation. It also provides a framework for expressing and prototyping matrix-related algorithms. >
An evaluation of the indoor air quality in bars before and after a smoking ban in Austin, Texas

This study assessed differences in the indoor air quality and occupancy levels in seventeen bars due to a city-wide smoking ban that took effect on September 1, 2005 in Austin, Texas, USA. We measured the following in each venue before and after the smoking ban: mean number of occupants, mean number of lit cigarettes, temperature, relative humidity, room volume, and PM2.5, CO, and CO2 concentrations. Additionally, VOC measurements were conducted at three of the venues. There was not a statistically significant change in occupancy, but the best estimate PM2.5 concentrations in the venues decreased 71–99%, a significant reduction in all venues, relative to the pre-ban levels; CO concentrations decreased significantly in all but one venue; and concentrations of VOCs known to be emitted from cigarettes decreased to below the detection limit for all but two common compounds. These results suggest that the smoking ban has effectively improved indoor air quality in Austin bars without an associated decrease in occupancy.
Is Faith Still Possible? Memories of Rudolf Bultmann and Reflections on the Philosophical Aspects of His Work

Prefatory Note: In July, 1976, Rudolf Bultmann, the last of the great Protestant theologians of this century, died in Marburg, Germany, a few weeks before his 92d birthday. An almost life-long friendship, beginning with my being his student in the 1920s, bound me to this man of towering scholarship, clarity of mind, purity of character, and deep — if troubled — piety. In November, 1976, the Theological Faculty of Marburg University held a memorial for its longtime professor of New Testament studies, which was attended by many persons from all over Germany and neighboring countries this side of the iron curtain. Of the two academic lectures delivered before that audience, one was by a New Testament theologian and erstwhile student of Bultmann, Professor Erich Dinkler from Heidelberg, the other by me, not a theologian but a philosopher, not a Christian but a Jew. The complete proceedings of the memorial meeting have been published under the title Gedenken an Rudolf Bultmann by J. C. B. Mohr in Tubingen, 1977. Only part of what I had prepared in writing was orally presented at the occasion, but the whole was printed. I here submit my own English version of the unabridged German essay, which in the spirit of Bultmann's own openmindedness pushes some of his theoretical concerns beyond the point which he himself had reached.
Intracellular substance with some amyloid staining affinities in pancreatic acinar cells of a cat with amyloidosis.

Amyloid is usually deposited extracellularly with extravascular and extrafibrillar orientation7. It is thus located in space normally occupied by the ground substance of connective tissue. However, SCHWARTZ~~ in an investigation of amyloidosis in aged human patients described intracellular deposits of amyloid or amyloid-like substance in Alzheimer cells (ix., neurons) and in epithelial elements of the choroid plexus. Several recent investigations based on the electron microscopic demonstration of intracellular amyloid fibrils49 10,189 23 have also suggested intracellular synthesis of amyloid by a variety of cells. The following study of amyloidosis in a cat describes the presence of a substance with some staining characteristics typical of amyloid in pancreatic acinar cells.