cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
EVALUATION AND IDENTIFICATION RESPONSES OF NEGRO PRESCHOOLERS TO THE COLORS BLACK AND WHITE

Previous studies had demonstrated a tendency toward the positive evaluation of white and the negative evaluation of black among Caucasian and Negro college students, and among Caucasian preschoolers. This study was aimed at assessing this tendency, and the tendency toward self-identification with these colors, among 89 Negro preschoolers ranging in age from 3-2 to 6-5. Ss' responses to procedures employing pictures of two animals, one colored white and one black, indicated that the children: (1) tended to associate positive evaluative adjectives (e.g., “good”) with the white figures and negative evaluative adjectives (e.g., “bad”) with the black figures; and (2) tended to identify with the white figure rather than the black figure. The findings were interpreted as providing additional evidence of the cross-racial, cross-cultural character of the evaluative connotations of white and black. Possible origins of these meanings, and their relationship to self-concept development in the Negro child, were discussed.
The game of embedding and detecting spread spectrum watermarks under the estimation attack

We show the theory behind the interaction of parameters involved in the game of marking and detecting direct sequence spread-spectrum (SS) watermarks (WM) under the assumption that the WM estimation attack is carried out prior to WM detection. As an important contribution, we define a modification to the traditional SS WM detector that enforces the adversary to add amount of noise proportional in amplitude to the recorded signal in order to successfully remove a SS WM.
Suspected Hypercalcemia Induced ST-Segment Elevation in a Patient With Sarcoidosis

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease that affects 10 to 20 people per 100,000 in the United States. Hypercalcemia is a known side effect of the disease and in rare instances has been shown to cause ST-segment elevation on electrocardiogram testing that mimics myocardial infarction. Herein, we present a rare case of a 55-year-old, asymptomatic African-American male with sarcoidosis and hydrochlorothiazide usage presenting with ST-segment elevation of the anterior leads secondary to hypercalcemia. Urgent cardiac catheterization showed normal coronary arteries without blockage. The patient's hypercalcemia was corrected with intravenous fluids and the ST-segment elevation resolved. The exact mechanism of ST-segment elevation induced hypercalcemia is unknown. Treatment of the underlying cause of the hypercalcemia is the mainstay of therapy.
Microcontrolled music composition

The paper describes a unique way to generate different musical notes using Motorola's 8 bit microcontroller MC68HC11. These are twelve basic notes in music which have a proportional frequency distribution. The notes have been generated using the output compare port 3 (OC3) in the timer unit. A dedicated output port B of the microcontroller is used to synchronize the colored lights which indicate the note being played. A selection of a well known music is generated for illustration.
The GrADS Project: Software Support for High-Level Grid Application Development

Advances in networking technologies will soon make it possible to use the global information infrastructure in a qualitatively different way--as a computational as well as an information resource. As described in the recent book The Grid: Blueprint for a New Computing Infrastructure, this Grid will connect the nation's computers, databases, instruments, and people in a seamless web of computing and distributed intelligence, which can be used in an on-demand fashion as a problem-solving resource in many fields of human endeavor--and, in particular, science and engineering. The availability of grid resources will give rise to dramatically new classes of applications, in which computing resources are no longer localized but, rather, distributed, heterogeneous, and dynamic; computation is increasingly sophisticated and multidisciplinary; and computation is integrated into our daily lives and, hence, subject to stricter time constraints than at present. The impact of these new applications will be pervasive, ranging from new systems for scientific inquiry, through computing support for crisis management, to the use of ambient computing to enhance personal mobile computing environments. To realize this vision, significant scientific and technical obstacles must be overcome. Principal among these is usability. The goal of the Grid Application Development Software (GrADS) project is to simplify distributed heterogeneous computing in the same way that the World Wide Web simplified information sharing over the Internet. To that end, the project is exploring the scientific and technical problems that must be solved to make it easier for ordinary scientific users to develop, execute, and tune applications on the Grid. In this paper, the authors describe the vision and strategies underlying the GrADS project, including the base software architecture for grid execution and performance monitoring, strategies and tools for construction of applications from libraries of grid-aware components, and development of innovative new science and engineering applications that can exploit these new technologies to run effectively in grid environments.
Insulin Therapy: A Personal Approach

IN BRIEF Insulin therapy is challenging for providers as well as for patients. This article describes a set of principles underlying appropriate insulin treatment and a detailed discussion of how to use them.
Formulation for scalable optimization of microcavities via the frequency-averaged local density of states.

We present a technique for large-scale optimization of optical microcavities based on the frequency-averaged local density of states (LDOS), which circumvents computational difficulties posed by previous eigenproblem-based formulations and allows us to perform full topology optimization of three-dimensional (3d) leaky cavity modes. We present theoretical results for both 2d and fully 3d computations in which every pixel of the design pattern is a degree of freedom (“topology optimization”), e.g. for lithographic patterning of dielectric slabs in 3d. More importantly, we argue that such optimization techniques can be applied to design cavities for which (unlike silicon-slab single-mode cavities) hand designs are difficult or unavailable, and in particular we design minimal-volume multi-mode cavities (e.g. for nonlinear frequency-conversion applications).
Neurotrophic Peptides: Potential Drugs for Treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease

Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the progressive loss of neurons and glial cells in the central nervous system correlated to their symptoms. Among these neurodegenerative diseases are Alzheimer's disease (AD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Neurodegeneration is mostly restricted to specific neuronal populations: cholinergic neurons in AD and motoneurons in ALS. The demonstration that the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases in models of transgenic mice, in particular, is delayed or improved by the application of neurotrophic factors and derived peptides from neurotrophic factors has emphasized their importance in neurorestoration. A range of neurotrophic factors and growth peptide factors derived from activity-dependent neurotrophic factor/activity-dependent neuroprotective protein has been suggested to restore neuronal function, improve behavioral deficits and prolong the survival in animal models. In this review article, we focus on the role of trophic peptides in the improvement of AD and ALS. An understanding of the molecular pathways involved with trophic peptides in these neurodegenerative diseases may shed light on potential therapies.
Biodiversity relationships in urban and suburban parks in Flanders

Urban and suburban parks can play an important role in the conservation of biodiversity, especially in a strongly urbanised region like Flanders (Belgium). A previously developed method for monitoring biodiversity was applied to 15 parks in Flanders. This method took both habitat and species diversity into account and resulted in 13 biodiversity indicators. The results show that urban and suburban parks can have a high species richness, especially if they consist of different more or less semi-natural habitats. The relationships between the biodiversity indicators and the ecological factors affecting the biodiversity were examined using multivariate analyses and correlation techniques. Park area was the main factor explaining the variation in biodiversity indicators, so larger parks could contribute more to the conservation of biodiversity than small ones. A biodiversity score based on habitat diversity and species richness was proposed to summarise and evaluate the biodiversity. This score is not correlated with the park area and is therefore considered as a reliable indicator for comparing biodiversity in parks of different area. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Numerical optimization methodology for the design of power equipment

Numerical optimization using recurrent finite-element simulations is a promising direction in design of power equipment. Previously, the speed and memory limitations of computers made such an approach unfeasible in comparison with analytical techniques. Recently, exponential improvements in the computer industry induced shifts toward numerical algorithms. The methodology presented here allows an entry-level engineer with the basic knowledge of electromagnetism to design electric power equipment for maximum energy efficiency and several other optimization goals. The search for an optimal set of key design criteria is demonstrated for the case when the number of possible variations of design far exceeds computational capabilities of modern computers.
Bioinequivalence of a generic brand of diazepam

Twenty-six healthy male volunteers received a single 10 mg dose of diazepam on two occasions in a crossover bioequivalence study comparing the reference product (Valium) and a generic formulation (NeoCalme). Concentrations of diazepam and its metabolite, desmethyldiazepam, were determined during 264h after each dose. Peak plasma diazepam concentrations were significantly lower for NeoCalme vs Valium (247 vs 394 ng ml-1, p less than 0.001) and reached significantly later after the dose (1.62 vs 0.98 h, p less than 0.001). Total area under the plasma concentration curve (AUC) was also significantly lower for NeoCalme (6614 vs 7552 ng ml-1 x h, p less than 0.001), although AUC ratios for NeoCalme divided by Valium satisfied the '75-75' guidelines. Findings for desmethyldiazepam were similar. Thus, diazepam absorption from the generic brand of diazepam is significantly slower than from Valium, which in turn could lead to therapeutic inequivalence.
Some Fundamentals of Engaging Stories.

Summary This paper discusses a form of information transfer referred to as story. It is suggested that stories serve as a singularly effective replacement for direct experience, a useful but sometimes difficult environmental education technique. The effectiveness of stories is argued to derive from their ability to engage the attention of the reader. The paper concludes with a list of elements that can be used to create cognitively engaging stories.
New Global Fault Collapsing Techniques for Combinational Library Modules

AbstractFault collapsing is the process of reducing the number of faults by using redundance and equivalence/dominance relationships among faults. Exact global fault collapsing (EGFC) can be easily applied locally at the logic gates; however, it is often ignored for library modules due to its high demand of resources such as execution time and/or memory. In this paper, we present three methods for global fault collapsing for library modules: (i) an EGFC method that uses binary decision diagrams, (ii) an approximate global fault collapsing method that uses fault simulation with random vectors and (iii) an EGFC method that uses both binary decision diagrams and fault simulation with random vectors. Experimental results show that the three methods reduce the number of faults drastically with feasible resources and produce significantly better results than existing approaches.
A hybrid approach to protein differential expression in mass spectrometry-based proteomics

Motivation: Quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics involves statistical inference on protein abundance, based on the intensities of each protein's associated spectral peaks. However, typical MS-based proteomics datasets have substantial proportions of missing observations, due at least in part to censoring of low intensities. This complicates intensity-based differential expression analysis. Results: We outline a statistical method for protein differential expression, based on a simple Binomial likelihood. By modeling peak intensities as binary, in terms of ‘presence/absence,’ we enable the selection of proteins not typically amenable to quantitative analysis; e.g. ‘one-state’ proteins that are present in one condition but absent in another. In addition, we present an analysis protocol that combines quantitative and presence/absence analysis of a given dataset in a principled way, resulting in a single list of selected proteins with a single-associated false discovery rate. Availability: All R code available here: http://www.stat.tamu.edu/~adabney/share/xuan_code.zip. Contact: adabney@stat.tamu.edu Supplementary information:Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
In situ reuse of logically extracted functional components

Programmers often identify functionality within a compiled program that they wish they could reuse in a manner other than that intended by the program's original authors. The traditional approach to reusing pre-existing functionality contained within a binary executable is that of physical extraction; that is, the recreation of the desired functionality in some executable module separate from the program in which it was originally found. Towards overcoming the inherent limitations of physical extraction, we propose in situ reuse of logically extracted functional components. Logical extraction consists of identifying and retaining information about the locations of the elements comprising the functional component within its original program, and in situ reuse is the process of driving the original program to execute the logically extracted functional component in whatever manner the new programmer sees fit.
Zeroing in on ethical issues in nanotechnology

Setting aside exaggerated notions of both the benefits and harms to be expected from nanotechnologies, we need to focus ethical investigation on specific initiatives at the nano scale that are already underway or planned. The aims are to anticipate ethical issues likely to arise in specific cases, to foster sensitivity to ethical issues and responsibility among nano specialists and policy makers, and to stimulate interchange between nano specialists and members of the public so that the public can become involved. After clarifying what the term "nanotechnology" embraces and looking at cautionary lessons from experience with the information technologies and biotechnology, the discussion turns to the importance of anticipating consequences, intended and unintended. Although specific nano options to consider are lacking, a brief survey indicates the issues to watch out for: preventable harms, conflicts about justice and fairness, respect for persons, and more specifically, safeguards for workers in new production processes, intellectual property concerns, preservation of university values in university/industry relationships, and conflicts of interest. Three main fronts of activity are needed to address ethical issues: 1) incorporating ethics research into nano research and development enterprises; 2) devising mechanisms to involve the public so that their perspectives and concerns feed back into research and development; and 3) initiating educational efforts at every level addressing both technical aspects and ethics and social implications aspects.
Plant tropisms: The ins and outs of auxin

The Cholodny-Went hypothesis holds that gravitropic curvature of a growing plant organ depends on regulated transport of the plant hormone auxin; new studies of the agravitropic mutant aux1 of Arabidopsis provide strong evidence in support of this hypothesis.
Changing worlds: the microgeographies of young teenagers

Few geographical studies have explicitly examined the place use and place behaviour of young teenagers, especially within the UK. In this article we report on a survey of a group of 13 year olds, living in a socially and economically deprived neighbourhood in Midland England. Attention focuses on the ‘fourth environment’ that is how these teenagers come into contact with a range of everyday places beyond their home, school and playground. For each individual, the sum of this relationship constitutes a microgeography, which when grouped together provides a spatio-temporal map of experience. The results suggest four recurrent themes, which we present as important aspects of the microgeography of this group of teenagers. We label these as: worlds apart; emblems of difference; special places; and landscapes of powerlessness. The environments of teenagers are not just appendages of the adult world, but are special places, created by themselves and invested with their own values. We argue that teenagers are not adults in waiting but are active cultural producers in their own right. When discussing the results we draw upon research and concepts in cognate disciplines to provide additional insights into teenagers' microgeographies.
Quantitative aspects of ionic conductance mechanisms contributing to firing pattern of motor cells mediating inking behavior in Aplysia californica.

1. The release of ink occurs selectively to long-lasting stimuli (18). There is a good correspondence between the features of the behavior and the firing pattern of the ink motor cells since the initial synaptic input is ineffective in firing the ink gland motor neurons. The features of the firing pattern of these cells have in turn been attributed to a fast K+ current that shunts the initial excitatory input and a late buildup of synaptic input. The purpose of the present paper is to examine these features quantitatively using a kinetic model of the ink gland motor neurons. 2. A modified Hodgkin-Huxley (13) model was developed, which includes seven membrane currents: a ) a fast inward Na+ current, 6) a slow inward Ca2+ current, c) a fast outward K+ current, d) a slow (delayed) outward K+ current, e) a synaptic current, f) a leakage current, and g) a capacitative current. The three ink gland motor neurons are electrically coupled to each other. The model also includes the features of this electronic coupling. 3. The Na+ current underlies the spike initiation, while the delayed K+ current accounts for spike repolarization. The fast transient K+ current also contributes to the repolarization process and slows the rate of rise of the membrane potential during the interspike interval. The slow Ca2+ current makes only a small contribution to the generation of the action potential, but contributes to the rise of the membrane potential during the interspike interval. 4. A depolarizing current pulse to one ink gland motor neuron yields an initial rapid depolarization followed by a slower component, which after a several-second period results in a burst of action potentials. The activation and inactivation sequence of a fast transient K+ current contributes to the cell’s selective response to long-lasting depolarizing current pulses. If the suprathreshold current pulse is preceded by a small subthreshold pulse, spikes are elicited immediately with the application of the suprathreshold pulse, since the subthreshold pulse inactivates the transient outward current. 5. The ink gland motor neurons also show a selective response to long-lasting trains of synaptic input. A train of synaptic input causes an initial large depolarization, but the initial synaptic input is ineffective in firing the cell. As a result, there is a severalsecond silent period or pause before an accelerating burst of spikes is produced. The fast transient K+ current shunts the initial synaptic input, preventing the cell from reaching spike threshold. Over a several-second period this current inactivates and the synaptic current is more effective in firing the cell. 6. While the fast outward current is inactivating, the synaptic current builds up and contributes to the accelerating burst of spikes.
Subchronic exposures to fungal bioaerosols promotes allergic pulmonary inflammation in naïve mice.

SummaryBackground Epidemiological surveys indicate that occupants of mold contaminated environments are at increased risk of respiratory symptoms. The immunological mechanisms associated with these responses require further characterization. Objective The aim of this study was to characterize the immunotoxicological outcomes following repeated inhalation of dry Aspergillus fumigatus spores aerosolized at concentrations potentially encountered in contaminated indoor environments. Methods Aspergillus fumigatus spores were delivered to the lungs of naive BALB/cJ mice housed in a multi-animal nose-only chamber twice a week for a period of 13 weeks. Mice were evaluated at 24 and 48 h post-exposure for histopathological changes in lung architecture, recruitment of specific immune cells to the airways, and serum antibody responses. Result Germinating A. fumigatus spores were observed in lungs along with persistent fungal debris in the perivascular regions of the lungs. Repeated exposures promoted pleocellular infiltration with concomitant epithelial mucus hypersecretion, goblet cell metaplasia, subepithelial fibrosis and enhanced airway hyperreactivity. Cellular infiltration in airways was predominated by CD4+ T cells expressing the pro-allergic cytokine IL-13. Furthermore, our studies show that antifungal T cell responses (IFN-γ+ or IL-17A+) co-expressed IL-13, revealing a novel mechanism for the dysregulated immune response to inhaled fungi. Total IgE production was augmented in animals repeatedly exposed to A. fumigatus. Conclusions & Clinical Relevance Repeated inhalation of fungal aerosols resulted in significant pulmonary pathology mediated by dynamic shifts in specific immune populations and their cytokines. These studies provide novel insights into the immunological mechanisms and targets that govern the health outcomes that result from repeated inhalation of fungal bioaerosols in contaminated environments.
Informatics education as a new discipline

After presenting some characteristics of evolving disciplines, this paper gives background information on the evolution of informatics as a discipline. A discussion of how informatics can be extended into a program of informatics education supported by the various informatics departments follows. Arguments for the advancement of informatics education as a new discipline include some suggestions about how topics from the informatics body of knowledge can be incorporated into all levels of precollege education, over all subjects.
The Sexual Orientation of Fatherhood

In this Article, I examine how same-sex fathers affect the perception of heterosexual caretaking fathers - and by extension, could affect the perception of heterosexual non-caretaking mothers. I conclude that gay stay-at-home fathers offer a provocative opportunity to broaden societal views of men and caregiving more generally, and argue that greater recognition of parents who counteract gender stereotypes - even where the recognition might arguably lessen women's rights in family law - ultimately helps women as well as children and nontraditional parents. Part I discusses fathers, particularly stay-at-home fathers, the practical problems fathers face combining work and caregiving responsibilities, and the conceptual difficulties they find in being recognized as caregivers. Part II outlines masculinities theory as it applies to fathers and the "feminine" work of caregiving. Part III explores how gay stay-at-home fathers, by breaking more than one rule of masculinity at the same time, may push the boundaries of masculinity to encompass caregiving work performed by fathers of all sexual orientations.
Photoinitiated Electron Transfer Dynamics of a Terthiophene Carboxylate on Monodispersed Zinc Oxide Nanocrystals

Photophysical data for solution phase mixtures of a new terthiophene based organic dye, 3′,4′-dibutyl-2-phenyl-2,2′:5′,2′′-terthiophene-5′′-carboxylic acid, and size selected, well-dispersed zinc oxide nanocrystals are reported. Time-resolved fluorescence and time- and frequency-resolved pump−probe spectroscopy confirm and characterize electron injection from the dye to the semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) in room temperature ethanol dispersions at a series of dye:ZnO NC concentration ratios. The spectrum of the oxidized dye was determined by spectroelectrochemistry. The singlet excited state of the dye (190 ps lifetime in ethanol) is quenched almost exclusively by electron transfer to the ZnO NC, and the electron transfer dynamics exhibit a single time scale of 3.5 ± 0.5 ps at all concentration ratios. In the measured transient responses at different dye:ZnO NC ratios, gain in the amplitude of the electron injection component is anticorrelated with loss of amplitude from unperturbed excited state dye mol...
Theoretical elucidation of the origins of substituent and strain effects on the rates of Diels-Alder reactions of 1,2,4,5-tetrazines.

The Diels–Alder reactions of seven 1,2,4,5-tetrazines with unstrained and strained alkenes and alkynes were studied with quantum mechanical calculations (M06-2X density functional theory) and analyzed with the distortion/interaction model. The higher reactivities of alkenes compared to alkynes in the Diels–Alder reactions with tetrazines arise from the differences in both interaction and distortion energies. Alkenes have HOMO energies higher than those of alkynes and therefore stronger interaction energies in inverse-electron-demand Diels–Alder reactions with tetrazines. We have also found that the energies to distort alkenes into the Diels–Alder transition-state geometries are smaller than for alkynes in these reactions. The strained dienophiles, trans-cyclooctene and cyclooctyne, are much more reactive than unstrained trans-2-butene and 2-butyne, because they are predistorted toward the Diels–Alder transition structures. The reactivities of substituted tetrazines correlate with the electron-withdrawing ...
Hospital management of self-harm and later risk of suicide and overall mortality

ABSTRACT FROM: Kapur N, Steeg S, Turnbull P, et al . Hospital management of suicidal behaviour and subsequent mortality: a prospective cohort study. Lancet Psychiatry 2015;2:809–16. People with a history of mental disorders account for half—or more—of all suicides.1 Mental disorders and self-harm are some of the strongest predictors of suicide.2 Yet, we have only sparse indications that the offered support actually helps reduce their risk of suicide. In this cohort study, hospital management after self-harm at one of five emergency departments (ED) located in three cities in the UK was examined. People aged 15 years and older who presented with self-harm (n=38 415) during 2000–2010 were studied using data from the Multicentre Study of Self-harm, in England. The impact by four types of hospital management was examined: (1) psychosocial assessment, covering evaluation of social circumstances and needs of the patient; (2) admission to somatic hospital; (3) referral for …
Characteristics and fine quality multiplying techniques of indica CMS lines “Shengshi A”

Shengshi A was a new WA-quality early indica rice male sterile line,developed by Rice Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricaltural Sciences,and was technically certified in Guangdong in July,2010.It has stable fertility,fine grain quality,easy for multiplication and hybrid seed production,good combining ability.The hybrids Shengyou 668,Shengyou8 with high and stable yield were examined and approved by the Crops veriety committee of Guangdong province.This paper investigatived the major characteristics including fertility,grain quality,resistance and flowering habits,introduced the high yield and fine quality multiplying techniques.
THE INFLUENCES OF DRY CARBOXY-METHYLATION REACTION ON THE PASTE PROPERTIES OF CORN STARCH

The carboxy-methyl starch was prepared by dry synthesis.The paste properties of carboxy-methyl starch were studied.The results showed that carboxy-methylation decreased pasting temperature of corn starch.Compared with corn starch,the paste viscosity of carboxy-methyl starch decreased and the viscosity stability in low temperature increased.Carboxy-methyl starch paste had better freeze-thaw stability,higher clarity.After carboxy-methylation,the hardness and adhesiveness of corn starch gel were decreased.
Hemophilia Therapy--Navigating Speed Bumps on the Innovation Highway.

Hemophilia A is an X-linked hemorrhagic disorder characterized by a congenital absence or decrease in plasma clotting factor VIII, a procoagulation cofactor and potent generator of thrombin when bound to activated factor IX and factor X. Unprecedented biotechnological progress has increased life expectancy for patients across the range of disease severity through an expanding menu of highly safe and effective recombinant factor VIII and plasma-derived factor VIII concentrates for bleeding treatment and prophylaxis.1 Widespread adoption of primary strategies of bleeding prophylaxis (before the onset of arthropathy in children) has unequivocally minimized orthopedic morbidity, which has long been the hallmark of . . .
The historiography of medicine in America.

What is the state of medical historiography in America? This discipline is now asking new questions, branching new directions and speaking to new audiences. The social and cultural contexts in which medicine moved and moves needs to be an effective integral part of approaching the historical studies. There is today, in the U.S.A., a new history of medicine more problem-oriented and interested in the culture of medicine and in the meaning of medicine to cultural history. This new interdisciplinary field of interest deals with the study of epidemics, seen as causative agents in historical developments and as a means of studying changing ideas; it deals also with the history of women, of their medical professionalization and of their diseases. American medical history, over the last thirty years, has reconstructed the medical practices of the past by using clinical records; between other fields of research, the history of psychiatry has become a particularly fertile field of scholarship, especially in its studies about hysteria and neurasthenia; finally, medical anthropology and the history of ancient and medieval medicine, has flourished and contribute today in a high significant way to the critical reconstruction of a cultural past of medicine, quite far away from the mere biographical historiographical researches.
Correction to What is a fractional derivative? by Ortigueira and Machado Journal of Computational Physics, Volume 293, 15 July 2015, Pages 4-13. Special issue on Fractional PDEs

There is a debate among contemporary mathematicians about what it really means by a fractional derivative. The question arose as a consequence of introducing a 'new' definition of a fractional derivative in 1. In a reply, Ortigueira and Machado 2 came up with several very important criteria to determine whether a given derivative is a fractional derivative. According to their criterion, the new fractional derivative, called conformable fractional derivative, introduced by Khalil et al. 1 turns out not to be a fractional derivative, but rather a controlled or conformable derivative. In proving the claim the authors in 2 use an example 2, p. 6. It turns out that the explanation given there needs some corrections and it is the sole purpose of this note.
Comparative methods of viral gene amplification.

Despite enormous progress in reducing the risk of transmission of viral infections to recipients through improved donor selection and serological screening assays, there remains a small but significant transfusion risk for each of the major viral agents [1-5]. This risk is due primarily to the failure of current serological screening tests, which are based on antibody and antigen detection, to identify recently infected donors in the pre-seroconversion window phase of infection. In addition, for some agents there may be a subset of chronically infected persons who either fail to develop a detectable immune response or harbour antigenically variant viruses missed by serological screening tests. Finally, there is a small contribution due to failure of the testing process per se. The absolute and relative contributions of each of these sources of risk are the first areas covered in this chapter [1]. The risk caused by each of these types of screen failures could be reduced and potentially eliminated by implementation of sensitive assays targeting viral nucleic acids. A number of technologies currently exist for nucleic acid amplification (NAA) and subsequent detection of amplified target sequences. An overview of these technologies is presented, followed by consideration of pooled specimen testing strategies now under active development for mass screening applications.
Radionuclide assessment of ventricular function and risk stratification after myocardial infarction

Prognosis after acute myocardial infarction is determined primarily by left ventricular function and by the extent to which additional coronary obstructions jeopardize viable myocardium. Radionuclide ventriculography is well suited for noninvasive assessments of resting and exercise ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction. The prognostic importance of resting left ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction is well established. Several studies have reported the prognostic utility of submaximal exercise radionuclide ventriculography at the time of hospital discharge. Patients with globally depressed left ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction are at increased risk for cardiac death, while patients with normal resting ventricular function but abnormal function during exercise appear to be at risk for nonfatal ischemic events. The development of gated tomographic techniques and new radiopharmaceuticals will make available more accurate and detailed assessments of ventricular function and combined assessments of function and perfusion. These new developments require further investigation but appear to be promising new techniques with the potential for providing improved assessments of prognosis after acute myocardial infarction.
Teacherly Ethos Revisited

I discussed teacherly ethos back in Chapter 4, but ethos is so central to teaching excellence and to the argument of this book—it is so pervasive an influence in all classroom interactions—that a full account of its significance requires further and final analysis. Teacherly ethos is not so much about what a teacher should do (in an instrumental or methodological sense) as about who a teacher should be (in terms of character and virtue). Students care little about what methods their teachers use but do care immensely about what kinds of persons their teachers are. I have never heard a student apply the word “ethos” to their teachers, yet I know that it remains a primary student concern. I find in my seminars that this sometimes strikes teachers as unpleasant and even unfair: “What difference does it make what kind of person I am as long as I really know what I claim to know within my discipline?” Bad question. It misses the issues that lie at the center of both excellent teaching and effective learning.
A Facility Lighting Comparison Based on Energy Savings and Efficiency, Pollution Prevention and Life Cycle Assessment

The objective of this study is to compare the energy efficiency, potential energy savings and the environmental impact among different lighting types-incandescent lamps, CFL (compact fluorescent light) lamps and LED (light-emitting diode) lamps in a manufacturing facility. Three different tools were applied: Energy Assessment Spreadsheet (EAS), Pollution Prevention (P2) tool and GaBi 6. EAS was used to calculate the energy savings, P2 tool was used for carbon footprint analysis, and GaBi was used for the life cycle assessment (LCA) in lightings’ use phase. The results indicated a saving of over $21,000 and a reduction of 151 MT CO 2 e (metric tons of CO 2 equivalents) greenhouse gases (GHGs) using CFL in comparison to incandescent lamps. Approximately, $24,000 could be saved and 170 MTCO 2 e of GHGs could be reduced by using LED lamps instead of incandescent lamps every year for the operation phase of the facility. The environmental impact categories identified from the LCA in lighting use phase indicated that using incandescent lamps for the facility was much more harmful for the environment than using CFL and LED lamps. Additionally, the environmental impact from the use of LED lamps for the facility was less than that of CFL lamps.
Aberrant Migration of Cuterebra Larvae in 2 Domestic Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Abstract This report describes 2 cases of cuterebriasis in an atypical host, the domestic rabbit ( Oryctolagus cuniculus ). Case 1 describes the clinical presentation, diagnosis and management of ophthalmomyiasis externa caused by a bot fly larva. Case 2 outlines the clinical syndromes, postmortem, and histopathological findings associated with Cuterebra larval migrans through the respiratory and central nervous systems. In both cases the presence of the parasite caused significant debilitating disease in the host animals, with fatal consequences in one patient.
3D real-time in-core neutron flux mapping with micro-pocket fission detectors (MPFD)

A micro-pocket fission detector (MPFD) array is being deployed in the Kansas State University TRIGA Mark-II nuclear reactor in order to produce a real-time 3-dimensional neutron flux map. A total of 75 MPFD3-Ts make up the array where each MPFD3-T consists of an uncoated detector for background subtraction, a 93% enriched 235U coated detector for thermal neutron sensitivity, a natural uranium coated detector for mixed energy neutron sensitivity, and a thermocouple for thermal monitoring. The array is located in fixed in-core positions between fuel elements and is capable of being read out in pulse, MSV, and current modes allowing for operation from shutdown to full power. In addition, using off-the-shelf electronic components, the system is able to track reactor pulses with power changes spanning 7 orders of magnitude in less than 100 milliseconds.
Modeling for pricing of loss-rate guaranteed Internet service contracts

Technological advancements are allowing Internet service providers (ISPs) to provide quality of service (QoS) assurances for data flow through their domains. Depending on the application, QoS may be necessary not only as a bandwidth assurance, but also on the loss, delay, etc., experienced by the data. In the Internet technologies, such guarantees may only be provided in probabilistic terms. We develop a stochastic modeling framework for the pricing of probabilistic loss-rate guaranteed Internet service contracts.
Long-Term Outcome of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Childhood: What is the Prognosis?

Projections of an 80% rate of 10-year survival are little comfort to the parents of a child diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus. Parents' hope is for a normal life expectancy. This must be the physician's goal. Although physicians cannot tell parents that systemic lupus erythematosus can be cured, they can, however, tell them that considerable progress in the management of this condition. True long-term survival measured in decades is likely for children without high-risk findings and increasingly anticipated even for those who have them.
METHODS FOR SPECIFYING FAMILIES OF FORMAL LANGUAGES — PAST-PRESENT-FUTURE

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the formal language theory. The methods for specifying the families of formal languages relate a number of diverse activities. The chapter discusses the different ways to describe the families of languages that are of interest to computer scientists. The formal languages arose from the study of natural languages. However, it was the work of the linguist Noam Chomsky in 1956 that is regarded as the starting point. In the paper, Chomsky presented the concept of a general phrase structure grammar. Therefore, one way to define a family of languages is by generative mechanisms, that is, by grammar. A family of languages that is not closed under intersection with regular sets should not be studied for its own right but only for other purposes. Thus, the Intersection theorem is an indication towards determining appropriate families of languages to study. Instead of concern to a scattering of linguists, logicians, and mathematicians, formal languages has become an object of study to the large group of individuals interested in the rapidly developing field of computers.
Improving STD Screening Rates on a University Campus

Gonorrhea and chlamydia infections have a high incidence among young adults. To increase screening rates among individuals aged 25 years of age and younger on a university campus, this quality improvement project was implemented to improve providers’ knowledge of CDC guidelines through education. Education was provided to providers and staff members at a health clinic on a private residential university campus through informational sessions to increase knowledge of guideline-directed screening for gonorrhea and chlamydia. This education was coupled with a multifaceted approach for provider-reminder interventions: flagging patients in the EHR system that fall within the age group (25 years of age and younger) to generate an alert, patients completing a questionnaire while in the exam room, and identification of a project champion. Screening rates were evaluated during pre- and post-implementation phases to determine if a change in practice occurred among providers. Post-intervention revealed the average number of patients screened for gonorrhea and chlamydia was 65.85% (349/530). This change represented a marked increase from pre-intervention screening of 2% (11/405). The testing rate increased during the post-intervention phase to 17.86% (65/364), up from 7.90% (32/405) pre-implementation. Provider education on guideline-directed screening for gonorrhea and chlamydia increased screening among providers at a university health clinic. This intervention, combined with provider-reminder interventions, increased screening of patients, leading to an increased testing rate for gonorrhea and chlamydia.
The role of polymerase proofreading in DNA damage and cell death

1110 Mammalian replicative DNA polymerases δ and ϵ contain proofreading 3’→5’ exonucleases which help maintain genetic stability by removing misincorporated deoxynucleotides from nascent DNA during replication. To determine the role of polymerase proofreading in gemcitabine-induced cellular aberrations, we used a model system consisting of wild type (exo+) and double exonuclease-minus (exo-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts with inactivating point mutations in the exonuclease domains of polymerases δ and ϵ which render the cells exonuclease null but allow normal polymerase function. WT exo+ and mutant exo- cells treated with gemcitabine (3nM for 24 hours) accumulated similar levels of intracellular gemcitabine triphosphate. However, more gemcitabine was incorporated into the DNA of exo- cells, suggesting that polymerase proofreading recognizes and excises gemcitabine residues during DNA synthesis. Paradoxically, in exo- cells there was less inhibition of DNA synthesis and lower sensitivity to gemcitabine compared to exo+ cells, as demonstrated in growth inhibition and clonogenic survival assays. Based on these data, we hypothesize that exonuclease-mediated removal of gemcitabine from DNA leads to cell death by activation of a DNA damage response. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed histone H2AX phosphorylation by flow cytometry, quantified DNA double-strand breaks by neutral COMET assay, and examined activation of Chk1 by immunoblots. As shown in the table, exonuclease deficiency resulted in increased spontaneous DNA damage and Chk1 phosphorylation. Upon gemcitabine treatment, damage and Chk1 phosphorylation were potentiated in exo+ cells, while minor or no increases were observed in gemcitabine-treated exo- cells above their intrinsic high basal levels. Taken together, these data demonstrate that polymerase proofreading prevents spontaneous DNA breaks and suggest that proofreading by exonuclease may play a role in mediating gemcitabine-induced DNA damage, signaling responses, and cell death.
Post-colonial Feminism, Black Feminism and Sport

This chapter grapples with the ways in which post-colonial and black feminist theories have been taken up in the study of sport. Drawing on the work of scholars such as bell hooks, Angela Davis, Uma Narayan and more, this chapter presents the key arguments and concepts within both frameworks and then highlights the ways in which post-colonial and black feminist theories allow for a broadening of the study of gender and sport via an emphasis on race and representation. Specifically, this chapter discusses the controversial issue of sex/gender testing in sport as closely linked to notions of racial identity and representational politics.
Surgical and Anatomic Considerations of Malignancies Affecting the Groin: Reconstructive Approaches to the Groin

There has been an increasing demand for reconstructive surgery in acute or chronic groin wounds resulting from burn, trauma patients with oncologic defects following groin lymphadenectomy due to urogenital and lower limb malignancies and complications of infrainguinal vascular bypass surgeries. The reconstructive surgeon has to select the optimal soft tissue coverage after considering the patient’s comorbidities, postoperative quality of life, and functional outcome. In this chapter, we will review the reconstructive options regarding complex wounds in the inguinal region, a brief description of the reconstructive technique, reported outcomes, and comparison between options including use of grafts and flaps.
Understanding the Accessibility of Smartphone Photography for People with Motor Impairments

We present the results of an exploration to understand the accessibility of smartphone photography for people with motor impairments. We surveyed forty-six people and interviewed twelve people about capturing, editing, and sharing photographs on smartphones. We found that people with motor impairments encounter many challenges with smartphone photography, resulting in users capturing fewer photographs than they would like. Participants described various strategies they used to overcome challenges in order to capture a quality photograph. We also found that photograph quality plays a large role in deciding which photographs users share and how often they share, with most participants rating their photographs as average or poor quality compared to photos shared on their social networks. Additionally, we created design probes of two novel photography interfaces and received feedback from our interview participants about their usefulness and functionality. Based on our findings, we propose design recommendations for how to improve the accessibility of mobile photoware for people with motor impairments.
What do we know about protein synthesis

Of the three polymerizations that produce the tapes for the replication of genetic information, the framework of the biosynthetic process for protein synthesis is probably the one best understood. And yet close inspection shows our understanding to be still rather superficial. I will attempt here to summarize briefly what we know and to single out a few phases where we now hope to gain a deeper knowledge.