cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Experimental and Analytical Investigation of Carbon Fiber Cable Vibration Damping

For structures deployed in space using cables where vibration damping is critical for structural stability, cable damping is significant to structural performance. To provide a better understanding of damping mechanism of carbon fiber cables, this paper describes the tests of cable damping under different experimental configurations (different cable length, tension and type), and presents an analytical method for modeling and therefore predicting cable damping. The method is developed using simplified but physically realistic assumptions on material constitutive properties and geometric compatibility conditions, and considered the contact forces and friction between helical wires. The results of the proposed method and several related issues are discussed and compared with those from experiments. These results show that the proposed method is useful and applicable for predicting cable damping value and its variation with cable tension, length and type of the cables.
A generator for the production of sulfuric acid-coated diesel soot aerosols

Abstract Diluted diesel engine exhaust was mixed with sulfur trioxide and the resulting acid-soot aerosol characterized. The generation system, which is suitable for inhalation toxicology studies, was characterized at a soot concentration of approximately 0.5 mg m −3 and H 2 SO 4 coating levels from 0 to 5 mg m −3 . Aerosol characterization included measurement of particle size (cascade impactor + electrical aerosol analyzer tandem sampler) and acid-soot association (electron microscopy of BaCl 2 -coated sample grids). The mass distribution of both acid-coated and uncoated diesel soot was unimodal and approximately lognormal. The acid coating increased both the size and monodispersity of the soot aerosol. The mass median Stokes equivalent diameter and geometric standard deviation were 0.12 μm and 2.4 for the uncoated soot, and 0.28 μm and 1.9 at 5.0 mg m −3 H 2 SO 4 . Approximately 95% of the soot particles were coated with H 2 SO 4 ; the remainder appeared uncoated. Some H 2 SO 4 droplets without a visible nucleus were also observed.
Arsenate metabolism in aquatic plants

Of the several types of arsenic metabolic pathways in algae and aquatic higher plants, production of arsenoribosides is predominant and most interesting. Insertion of the ribosyl or adenosyl moiety by transfer from S-adenosylmethioninine or possibly from adenosylcobalamin is the critical biochemical step which, as yet, has not been experimentally demonstrated. Oceanic or other environmental arsenate (AsO43−), absorbed in the plant's quest for phosphate, is fixed by reaction with ATP to yield the phosphoric arsenic anhydride APAs, a short-lived but reducible intermediate which is converted to arsenic(III). The Hill Reaction, or thioredoxin reductase, reduces it to an arsine oxide (HAsO) or arsonous acid [HAs(OH)2] depending upon the water content of its environment. This readily diffusible reagent avidly attacks sulfhydryl groups of proteins to produce arsonous thioesters. The Sargassum group of algae appears to process arsenate no further than this. The reduced arsenic may be freed from its sulfur bondage by reaction with 2,3-dimercaptopropan-1-ol (BAL) or dithiothreitol. In experiments with Sargassum fluitans and Sargassum natans no arsenoribosides were observed. Only protein-bound arsenic was observed. It could be liberated by trituration with dithiothreitol to produce the cyclic arsonous dithioester. Most diatoms, dinoflagellates and macroalgae as well as freshwater higher plants release such protein-bound arsenic as a result of sequential methylation and adenosylation. Ultimately the products are trialkylarsine oxides, innocuous substances which are slowly or not-at-all metabolized by herbivorous animals or bacteria. Fortunately mammals and most animals also excrete the arsenoribosides readily, unchanged. Arsenic metabolism by a cyanobacterium, Phormidium sp., was described by Matsuto et al. (Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 1984, 78c:377) as involving two modes of arsenate fixation, reduction, and excretion. We have extended those experiments with Phormidium persicinum. We have analyzed algae from 2- and 7-day culture in radioarsenate media. The arsenic products included 80% of arsenolipid, similar if not identical to that formed in the brown algae. The water-soluble products were in low concentration. Insoluble, protein-bound arsonous thioesters accounted for 8% of the fixed arsenic. The mechanism of arsenic depuration in Phormidium appears to be primarily lipid-mediated.
Electronic structure and excitonic absorption in BaCuChF (Ch=S, Se, and Te)

This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by The American Physical Society and can be found at: http://prb.aps.org/.
“The Vision Thing”: Charles Taylor Against Inarticulacy

In response to Charles Taylor's book Sources of the Self: The Making of the Modern Identity, Becker defends the Western view of ethical conceptions based on our unique identity, reasoning, and historical heritage. Taylor presents a vision of transcultural universal ethical principles that cannot be grounded on cultural idiosyncrasies, and he criticizes Western cultural convictions of beliefs and values leading to unequivocally individualistic and personalized perceptions of ethics. Becker notes the uniqueness of the person and the “awesomeness of human life,” which are directly linked with our respect for rational evaluation of ethics and the crucial importance of the ability of the individual to search for his/her human identity. Our “moral vision” is precisely based on “the good life in terms of respect for humanity and all its diversity,” therefore establishing ethics on personal selfhood and individuality. The author concedes that Taylor's motivations for the belief in creating a vision of the common good are plausible, but criticizes him for failing to account for the historical context of our values.
Cosmic string networks

Statistical properties of Z-italic/sub 2/ and Z-italic/sub 3/ strings produced at a phase transition in the early Universe are studied using a Monte Carlo simulation. The results for Z-italic/sub 2/ strings are in agreement with the results obtained by Kibble using a different method. For Z-italic/sub 3/ strings it is shown that the system is dominated by one infinite network of Brownian strings.
Heavy quark jet tomography of the ultradense sQGP phase of nuclear matter

Abstract Heavy quark jet quenching in high energy nuclear collisions became a decisive tool to distinguish between theories based on Standard Model perturbative QCD and AdS/CFT gravity dual models. The momentum independence and inverse quark mass dependence of the drag coefficient in AdS/CFT differs substantially from the characteristic log ( p T / M ) / p T variation of the heavy quark drag in QCD, which was obtained from early calculations. The latest pQCD efforts on heavy quark energy loss include color magnetic dynamical effects and final size non-static coherence effects in perturbative quark gluon plasmas and the obtained results are much closer to the experimental data for heavy quarks. We discuss our recent understanding of heavy quark quenching and summarize the measurable quantities to distinguish between the pQCD and AdS/CFT scenarios.
Design and evaluation of a curve matching-based spine x-ray image retrieval system

A spine x-ray image retrieval system has been developed for retrieving images based on the pathology information such as the osteophyte. Osteophyte shows only in particular regions on the vertebra. This means the contour information on the vertebra regions that are not of interest hinder the image retrieval relevance precision. Curve matching or partial shape matching (PSM) methods based on dynamic programming for matching shapes with variable number of points and with different data point distribution have been developed to detect the osteophyte with similar shapes. Based on the shape property of spines, corner guided dynamic programming (DP) is introduced as the new enhanced searching strategy which dramatically increases the processing efficiency of the traditional DP. Shape representation method using multiple open triangles is presented in this paper. Performance evaluation of corner-guided DP on this shape representation based on human relevance judgment is presented. This paper also presents the implementation and performance of the retrieval system. The retrieval system consists of a user friendly graphical user interface (GUI) which has been developed for testing. All the shape matching methods that have been developed have been integrated into the system for the user to choose during a retrieval process. The retrieval results are ranked from the most similar to the least similar and can be all viewed by the user.
Derrick Bell, CRT, and educational leadership 1995-present

Critical Race Theory (CRT) has become a centered conceptual framework to understand American education and reform (Ladson-Billings and Tate 1995; Solorzano and Yosso; 2001; Decuir and Dixon 2004). Indeed, educational leadership scholars have not been far behind in recognizing the explicative and powerful role of CRT studies in their work (Lopez 2003; Parker and Villalpando 2007). As we acknowledge the role of CRT, we cannot do so without reflecting on the life and works of the quintessential Critical Legal Studies (CLS) scholar Derrick Bell (1930–2011). In this article, we use Bell’s collective works to analyze current trends and research in educational leadership. We bring his works into conversation not only with conceptions of instructional and distributed leadership, but with the palpability that CRT has on the current state of educational reform. More specifically, we use Bell’s theories of interest convergence and conversations around ‘racial remedies’ to understand two recent trends in educational ...
Lovastatin inhibits proliferation and differentiation and causes apoptosis in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine B cells.

Abstract Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine B lymphocytes were incubated with the pharmacologic drug lovastatin, a competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase at concentrations ranging from 10 −5 -10 −8 M. After 48 hr, treatment with 10 −5 M lovastatin inhibited [ 3 H] thymidine incorporation 55%. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that the fraction of B cells in S phase was reduced from 26.7% ± 5.44% to 11.6% ± 2.9% when cells were incubated with 10 −5 M lovastatin. In addition, a large peak appeared to the left of the G 1 peak that was indicative of apoptosis in cells treated with 10 −5 M lovastatin. At 96 hr, the number of plaque-forming B cells was decreased 50% in the presence of lovastatin. Together these results suggest that high concentrations of lovastatin can inhibit B cell proliferation and differentiation of murine B lymphocytes in lipopolysaccharide-activated B cells, perhaps through induction of programmed cell death.
Heritage and Perceptions of Ethnicity in an ‘Italian’ Market: The Case of San Lorenzo

Florence, Italy, the ‘City of Art’, is also a city of merchants. In the San Lorenzo neighbourhood, approximately 300 outdoor stands surround a nineteenth-century market building with space for 200 businesses. Commerce is constant but how it is conducted, and by whom, is changing. On the one hand, immigrant vendors are rapidly replacing Italian ones. On the other, growing numbers of vendors are relying more heavily on international tourists to support the marketplace economy. These changes figure in local debates about how to preserve marketplace heritage. The paper examines how heritage claims in San Lorenzo are expressed, influenced, and negotiated by different stakeholders who earn a living or shop there. To that end, it considers the consequences of tourists' attitudes towards merchants' ethnicity. The paper reveals that tourism has added another level of complexity to how the marketplace functions as an arena for heritage preservation as well as one of economic competition.
Localization of facilitated diffusion and active glucose transport in cysticercoids of Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda).

Abstract Active glucose transport by adults of Hymenolepis diminuta is known to be Na+-dependent and more sensitive to phlorizin than to phloretin. We found that infective cysticercoids apparently take up glucose by facilitated diffusion. This type of transport was distinguished by insensitivity to Na+ and phlorizin, but inhibition by phloretin. The preferred substrate was glucose followed by galactose > β-methylglucoside > α-methylglucoside; mannose, glucosamine, 3-O-methylglucose, melibiose and 2-deoxyglucose did not interact with the system. Vmax and Kt for glucose transport were 9.9 ±2.46 nmoles 25 larvae/h, and 0.8 ± 0.27 m M , respectively. In an attempt to localize the transporters, the cysticercoid wall enclosing the scolex was removed by excysting the larvae in vitro. Glucose uptake by the excysted scoleces was similar to adult transport, i.e. Na+-dependent and sensitive to phlorizin rather than phloretin. These results indicate that the withdrawn scolex, like the adult, is capable of active glucose transport. Facilitated diffusion appears to be associated primarily with the cyst wall which is lost when the larva excysts in the vertebrate host
IMPACT OF THERMAL DISPERSION DURING FORCED CONVECTION CONDENSATION IN A THIN POROUS*/FLUID COMPOSITE SYSTEM

Abstract The effect of thermal dispersion during laminar forced convection filmwise condensation within a thin porous/fluid composite system is examined numerically. The model simulates two-dimensional condensation within a very permeable and highly conductive thin porous-layer coated surface. The local volume-averaging technique is utilized to establish the energy equation and to account for the thermal dispersion effect. The Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer model is employed to describe the flow field in the porous layer while classical boundary layer equations are used in the pure condensate region. The numerical results, which detail the dependence of the heat transfer rate and temperature field on the governing parameters (e.g., Reynolds number, Rayleigh number, Darcy number, Prandtl number, thermal dispersion coefficient, as well as porous coating thickness and thermal conductivity ratio), are calculated using a finite difference scheme. It is found that due to the better mixing of the thermal dispersion ...
Treatment of recalcitrant recurrent corneal erosions with inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase-9, doxycycline and corticosteroids.

Abstract PURPOSE: To review the efficacy of inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase-9, corticosteroids, and doxycycline for treatment of recalcitrant recurrent corneal erosion. METHODS: Retrospective, clinic-based, interventional case series. The medical records of seven consecutive patients who were treated between January 1995 to January 2000 for recurrent corneal erosion who had not responded to conventional therapy were reviewed. Treatment of seven eyes of seven patients consisted of oral doxycycline (50 mg, two times a day) for 2 months along with a topical corticosteroid (either methylprednisolone 1%, prednisolone acetate 1%, or fluoromethalone 0.1%) three times a day, for 2 to 3 weeks. The effects of doxycycline and methylprednisolone on metalloproteinase-9 activity in human corneal epithelial cultures were evaluated by gelatin zymography and a commercial metalloproteinase-9 activity assay kit. RESULT: Fingernail injury in three of the seven eyes was the most common form of corneal injury. There was no evidence of epithelial basement membrane or corneal stromal dystrophy in any of the patients, although epithelial microcysts were observed in the involved area in three patients. One eye had intact elevated corneal epithelium that showed abnormal diffuse staining with fluorescein dye, and six eyes had a corneal epithelial defect at the time of presentation. In all seven eyes, pain resolved and epithelial defects healed within 2 to 10 days after initiation of therapy. No recurrence was observed during an average follow-up period of 21.9 months (range, 1.5 to 60 months). Methylprednisolone and doxycycline each produced a statistically significant decrease in amount and activity of metalloproteinase-9 in conditioned media of human corneal epithelial cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Therapy with a combination of medications that inhibit metalloproteinase-9 produced rapid resolution and prevented further recurrence of cases of recurrent corneal erosions that were unresponsive to conventional therapies.
Management of lymphatic malformations.

Purpose of review Innovative otolaryngologists, plastic surgeons, craniofacial surgeons, pediatric surgeons, radiologists, anesthesiologists, neonatologists, obstetricians, and scientists have continued to advance our understanding of the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of lymphatic malformations. This article reviews the publications over the past 2 years with respect to these advances. Recent findings Fast-sequence MRI limits motion artifacts and allows prenatal MR to be used as a complementary study to ultrasound in the evaluation of large congenital neck masses. Three-dimensional ultrasonography may also be helpful in evaluating prenatal lymphatic malformations. Fluorescence in situ hybridization techniques can be used to evaluate lymphatic malformations for prenatal chromosomal analysis with emphasis on chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X, and Y. The sclerosing agent OK-432 is effective for macrocystic lymphatic malformations but showed less promise for microcystic lesions, mixed lesions, and lesions outside the head and neck region. Somnoplasty shows promise for reduction of tongue lymphatic malformations. Surgical excision, staged when necessary, continues to be integral to management in many cases. Summary Basic science research has furthered understanding of lymphatic malformations. Clinical research has expanded and refined our diagnostic and therapeutic options for patients with these lesions. Further identification of genes selectively expressed by lymphatic endothelium should facilitate identification of usable vascular markers that can enable analysis of the underlying biology, physiology, pathology, and treatment of the lymphatic system and its malformations.
Inertially Actuated Baton Locomotor

In this paper, we present a robotic locomotor with inertia-based actuation. The goal of this system is to generate various gait modes of a baton, consisting of two masses connected with a massless rod. First, a model for a baton prototype called Pony I is presented. This model incorporates the inertial forces generated by a rotating single pendulum. The model also accounts for the friction forces that arise in the contact points of the baton with the ground surface. We also developed an experimental prototype for a baton with a single-pendulum actuator. Consequently, we compared the nonlinear dynamics of the analytical and experimental systems. An improved double-pendulum actuation system was proposed for better regulation of the locomotion of the system and the orientation of the centrifugal force. Finally, demonstrated that this system generated steady forward locomotion.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
A brief historical overview of hospital information system (HIS) evolution in the United States

This paper describes the evolution of hospital information systems (HIS) in the United States of America from 1950 to the present and defines HIS within the context of a medical information system. After a concise review of HIS administrative functions, the paper focuses on HIS clinical functions, including the following: computer-based patient records; data entry and retrieval; text processing; data and system protection; networks; clinical subsystems (nursing and medical subspecialties); clinical decision support and quality assurance; and research databases. The paper surveys early examples of HIS and makes projections for HIS in the 1990s.
Relative turnover numbers of maize endosperm and potato tuber ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylases in the absence and presence of 3-phosphoglyceric acid.

Adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase; EC 2.7.7.27) synthesizes the starch precursor, ADP-glucose. It is a rate-limiting enzyme in starch biosynthesis and its activation by 3-phosphoglyceric acid (3PGA) and/or inhibition by inorganic phosphate (Pi) are believed to be physiologically important. Leaf, tuber and cereal embryo AGPases are highly sensitive to these effectors, whereas endosperm AGPases are much less responsive. Two hypotheses can explain the 3PGA activation differences. Compared to leaf AGPases, endosperm AGPases (i) lack the marked ability to be activated by 3PGA or (ii) they are less dependent on 3PGA for activity. The absence of purified preparations has heretofore negated answering this question. To resolve this issue, heterotetrameric maize (Zea mays L.) endosperm and potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber AGPases expressed in Escherichia coli were isolated and the relative amounts of enzyme protein were measured by reaction to antibodies against a motif resident in both small subunits. Resulting reaction rates of both AGPases are comparable in the presence but not in the absence of 3PGA when expressed on an active-protein basis. We also placed the potato tuber UpReg1 mutation into the maize AGPase. This mutation greatly enhances 3PGA sensitivity of the potato AGPase but it has little effect on the maize AGPase. Thirdly, lysines known to bind 3PGA in potato tuber AGPase, but missing from the maize endosperm AGPase, were introduced into the maize enzyme. These had minimal effect on maize endosperm activity. In conclusion, the maize endosperm AGPase is not nearly as dependent on 3PGA for activity as is the potato tuber AGPase.
Static and dynamic spin correlations and exchange interactions in Cd1−xMnxTe

Abstract Static and dynamic spin correlations in Cd 0.35 Mn 0.65 Te were studied by neutron scattering and by computer simulation. We show that it is possible to determine the exchange constant for the nearest neighbors ( J NN ) on the basis of inelastic neutron scattering data, and for the next-nearest neighbors ( J NNN ) by measuring the anisotropy of the range of static correlations.
On Coding for 2-D Storage Systems

In this paper we compare some aspects of the design and analysis of one-dimensional (1-D) and two-dimensional (2-D) storage systems. We show that for modulation codes and for the detection of signals corrupted by intersymbol interference and additive white Gaussian noise, the design and analysis is much more complicated in the 2-D case as compared with the 1-D case. However, we show that the reverse is true for the design of burst error correcting cyclic codes. That is, we show that one must carefully choose the generator polynomial to obtain a good 1-D burst error correcting code but using a cyclic product code, any arbitrary generator polynomials for the row code and for the column code can produce a good 2-D burst error correcting code.
Comparison of Two Coronal Mass Ejections Observed by EIT and LASCO with a Model of an Erupting Magnetic Flux Rope

We present observations of two coronal mass ejections (CMEs) observed by the LASCO and EIT instruments on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory. One was observed on 1997 April 30 and the other on 1997 February 23. The latter CME is accompanied by a spectacular prominence eruption and reaches velocities of about 900 km s-1, while the former has no apparent accompanying prominence eruption and attains velocities of only about 300 km s-1. However, the two CMEs are similar in appearance, having bright circular rims that can be interpreted as marking the apexes of expanding magnetic flux ropes, and both can be tracked from their origins near the surface of the Sun out to great distances. We compare the kinematic and morphological properties of these CMEs with an MHD model of an erupting flux rope and find that the CMEs can be successfully modeled in this manner.
Heat flow in the SAFOD pilot hole and implications for the strength of the San Andreas Fault

[1] Detailed thermal measurements have been acquired in the 2.2-km-deep SAFOD pilot hole, located 1.8 km west of the SAF near Parkfield, California. Heat flow from the basement section of the borehole (770 to 2160 m) is 91 mW m−2, higher than the published 74 mW m−2 average for the Parkfield area. Within the resolution of the measurements, heat flow is constant across faults that intersect the borehole, suggesting that fluid flow does not alter the conductive thermal regime. Reanalysis of regional heat flow reveals an increase in heat flow along the SAF northwest of Parkfield. This transition corresponds to a shallowing base of seismicity and a change in fault behavior near the northern terminus of the M6 1966 Parkfield earthquake rupture. The persistence of elevated heat flow in the Coast Ranges to the west appears to rule out frictional heating on the SAF as the source of the SAFOD value.
Thin and thinner: Sea ice mass balance measurements during SHEBA

[1] As part of a large interdisciplinary study of the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA), we installed more than 135 ice thickness gauges to determine the sea ice mass balance. While installing these gauges during the fall of 1997, we found that much of the multiyear ice cover was only 1 m thick, considerably thinner than expected. Over the course of the yearlong field experiment we monitored the mass balance for a wide variety of ice types, including first-year ice, ponded ice, unponded ice, multiyear ice, hummocks, new ridges, and old ridges. Initial ice thicknesses for these sites ranged from 0.3 to 8 m, and snow depths varied from a few centimeters to more than a meter. However, for all of their differences and variety, these thickness gauges sites shared a common trait: at every site, there was a net thinning of the ice during the SHEBA year. The thin ice found in October 1997 was even thinner in October 1998. The annual cycle of ice thickness was also similar at all sites. There was a steady increase in thickness through the winter that gradually tapered off in the spring. This was followed by a steep drop off in thickness during summer melt and another tapering in late summer and early fall as freeze-up began. Maximum surface melting was in July, while bottom ablation peaked in August. Combining results from the sites, we found an average winter growth of 0.51 m and a summer melt of 1.26 m, which consisted of 0.64 m of surface melt and 0.62 m of bottom melt. There was a weak trend for thicker ice to have less winter growth and greater net loss for the year; however, ice growth was also impacted by the snow depth. Considerable variability was observed between sites in both accretion and ablation. The total accretion during the 9-month growth season ranged from zero for thick ridged ice to more than a meter for young ice. Ponds tended to have a large amount of surface melting, while ridges had considerable bottom ablation.
Temperature rise during fatigue of fibre-reinforced ceramics

The present work reports on the observation of internal heat generation during fatigue of fibre-reinforced ceramics. Results are presented for a C-fibre/SiCmatrix composite formed by chemical vapour infiltration of 00/90 ° fibre cloths (fibre content of the composite: ~ 40 to 45 vol %). The specimen geometry used in the investigation is given in Fig. la. Fatigue testing was conducted under tension-tension loading (the load was varied in a sinusoidal fashion). Platinum10% rhodium thermocouples were used to measure the temperature rise of the specimen during fatigue. The thermocoupte junction was disc-shaped (0.3 mm thick × 1.0ram radius) to increase the surface contact area and improve response time. Thermocouples were bonded to the specimen (see Fig. lb) using a cyanoacrylate adhesive (tests using identically prepared thermocouples applied to an aluminium specimen showed no inherent heating of the adhesive during fatigue at frequencies from 1 to 85 Hz). The temperature of the specimen grips was maintained at 295 4- 0.5 K by water cooling. In the vicinity of the test setup, the temperature was 296 + 1 K. A data acquisition system with an isothermal reference junction was used to continuously store thermocouple data.
Transpleural CO2 diffusion in excised dog lungs.

Abstract Previous studies of transpleural gas diffusion have reported both linear and nonlinear relationships between total gas transfer and the transpleural driving gradient estimated as the difference between pleural and end-tidal gas tensions. The present studies were undertaken to explain these conflicting results by examining the role of convective mixing as well as the validity of using measurements of end-tidal gas to estimate subpleural gas tensions and calculate the transpleural partial pressure gradient. Nine excised nonperfused dog lungs were ventilated with room air under varying conditions of frequency (f), tidal volume ( Vt ) and pleural CO2 concentration (FplCO2). The relationship between CO2 elimination (VCO2) and the transpleural CO2 concentration gradient estimated by (FplCO2  Fet CO2) was found to be linear for every level of ventilation (constant convective mixing) studied. The slope of this relationship, equal to the pleural CO2 diffusing capacity (DplCO2) was found to decrease as ventilation was decreased whether achieved by reductions in f or Vt . Because changes in membrane geometry were insufficient to explain the differences in DplCO2, seven additional excised dog lungs were studied ultrastructurally following 4 h of ventilation with room air at a pleura CO2 concentration of 6%. Previous studies under similar conditions have shown that changes in type II pneumocyte lamellar body volume density Vv (LB/cyto) are related to the alveolar concentration of CO2. The results indicated that the concentration of CO2 in alveoli located within 1 mm of the pleural surface was indicated that the concentration of CO2 in alveoli located within 1 mm of the pleural surface was substantlially greater than the value estimated by Fet CO2. Consequently, (FplCO2  Fet CO2) overstimates the transpleural concentration gradient and produces erroneously low estimates of the diffusing capacity of the pleural membrane.
MICROCOSM EXPERIMENTS HAVE LIMITED RELEVANCE FOR COMMUNITY AND ECOSYSTEM ECOLOGY: SYNTHESIS OF COMMENTS

There is general agreement that experiments are an essential tool in ecology, as in all sciences. However, there is much less agreement on the types and designs of experiments that are most useful for predicting the impacts of (and the solutions to) the complex, largescale environmental problems that increasingly confront society. The continuing discussion of the appropriate role of aquatic microcosms exemplifies this disagreement, but essentially the same arguments are being waged over the study of biodiversity, ecosystem response to climate change, and probably in other subdisciplines of ecology, as well. It is axiomatic that every experiment should be designed to test a specific hypothesis by evaluating one or more of its predictions. Since a hypothesis is simply a conceptual (or mathematical) model of how something works, experimentation and the development of predictive models are inextricably linked. Every experiment can be interpreted in terms of how it contributes to the two primary components of modeling: model development (model structure and parameterization) and model testing (verification of model design and performance, and validation of model predictions for specific conditions against observations made under those conditions).
Preferential field coverage through detour-based mobility coordination

Controlling the mobility of mobile nodes (e.g., robots) to monitor a given field is a well-studied problem in sensor networks. In this setup, absolute control over the nodes' mobility is assumed. In this paper, we address a more general setting in which mobility of each node is externally constrained by a schedule consisting of a list of locations that the node must visit at particular times. Typically, such schedules exhibit some level of slack, which could be leveraged to achieve a specific coverage distribution of a field. Such a distribution defines the relative importance of different field locations. We define the Constrained Mobility Coordination problem for Preferential Coverage (CMC-PC) as follows: given a field with a desired monitoring distribution, and a number of nodes n, each with its own schedule, we need to coordinate the mobility of the nodes in order to achieve the following two goals: 1) satisfy the schedules of all nodes, and 2) attain the required coverage of the given field. We show that the CMC-PC problem is NP-complete (by reduction from the Hamiltonian Cycle problem). Then we propose TFM, a distributed heuristic to achieve field coverage that is as close as possible to the required coverage distribution. We verify the premise of TFM using extensive simulations, as well as taxi logs from a major metropolitan area. We compare TFM to the random mobility strategy — the latter provides a lower bound on performance. Our results show that TFM is very successful in matching the required field coverage distribution, and that it provides, at least, two-fold query success ratio for queries that follow the target coverage distribution of the field.
Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 5A Plays an Essential Role in Luteinizing Hormone Receptor Regulation

Down-regulation of LH receptor (LHR) in the ovary by its ligand is mediated by a specific RNA-binding protein, designated LH receptor mRNA-binding protein (LRBP), through translational suppression and mRNA degradation. Using yeast 2-hybrid screens, we previously identified eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) as one of the proteins that interacts with LRBP during LHR mRNA down-regulation. The present study examined the role of eIF5A and its hypusination in the context of LHR mRNA down-regulation. The association of eIF5A with LRBP or LHR mRNA was determined using immunoprecipitation and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. The results showed that the association of eIF5A with the LHR mRNA-LRBP complex increased significantly during down-regulation. Furthermore, gel fractionation and the hypusination activity assay both showed increased hypusination of eIF5A during LHR mRNA down-regulation. Abolishment of hypusination by pretreatment with the chemical inhibitor GC7 prevented the association of eIF5A with LHR mRNA and LRBP. Inhibition of hypusination also reduced the extent of ligand-induced down-regulation of LHR mRNA as well as the expression of functional LHRs assessed by real-time PCR and (125)I-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) binding assays, respectively. The loss of human chorionic gonadotropin-mediated downstream signaling during LHR down-regulation was also restored by inhibition of hypusination of eIF5A. Thus, the present study, for the first time, reveals the crucial role of eIF5A and its hypusination in the regulation of LHR expression in the ovary.
An iterative method for computing generalized inverses

A linear iterative method for evaluating the Moore-Penrose generalized inverse of a matrix is described and conditions for optimizing its rate of convergence are given
Altered ion channel activity in murine colonic smooth muscle myocytes in an experimental colitis model.

We have investigated the activity of calcium and potassium channels in a murine model of experimental colitis. Colonic myocytes from dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-treated mice were examined by whole cell patch clamp techniques. Myeloperoxidase activity was enhanced 3. 5-fold in DSS-treated mouse colon. In whole cell voltage clamp, depolarization predominantly evoked net transient outward currents in DSS-treated mice and inward Ca(2+) currents in control myocytes. Voltage-dependent L-type Ca(2+) currents were studied using intracellular Cs(+) in the patch pipette. Inward Ca(2+) currents were markedly suppressed in inflamed colon. The peak currents at +10 mV depolarization were -3.93 +/- 0.88 pA/pF in control (n = 12) and -1.14 +/- 0.19 (n = 10) in DSS mice. In contrast there was no change in the amplitude, kinetics, or steady-state inactivation properties of the transient outward currents in control or DSS-treated colonic myocytes. Inflammation significantly enhanced activation of the ATP-sensitive K(+) channel. At a holding potential of -50 mV, the K(ATP) channel opener lemakalim induced an inward current of 2.02 +/- 0.5 pA/pF in control (n = 20) and 4.19 +/- 1.17 pA/pF in DSS-treated colon. These currents were abolished by glibenclamide. The present results suggest that inflammation of the colon results in selective changes in ion channel activity of smooth muscle cells.
Review of the Prepubertal Gynecologic Examination: Techniques and Anatomic Variation

The prepubescent female genital examination can be challenging. In this article, we describe some techniques that can help to allow the examination to be performed effectively and efficiently. We will review the normal anatomy and anatomic variation present in prepubescent females, as well as how anatomic appearance changes with positioning. We will describe conditions that can distort the normal anatomy, dermatologic conditions that can alter skin color and surface characteristics, and systemic illness with genital findings. Although the differential diagnosis of genital complaints in prepubescent females is broad, skills in performing the genital examination and knowledge about normal anatomic variation are essential to informed diagnostic decisions for this population.
VAPSE-based analysis: a two-phased candidate gene approach for elucidating genetic predisposition to complex disorders

Abstract The extraordinary success of linkage analysis in diseases with Mendelian inheritance has not extended readily to the genetics of common complex diseases. VAPSE-based analysis is a type of candidate gene approach that represents an alternative strategy by which genetic mechanisms can be defined despite the presence of substantial genetic heterogeneity. Recent advances in mutation screening and statistical methodology have enhanced substantially the efficiency and power of this approach. The “bread and butter” of VAPSE-based analysis is genotype-to-phenotype searches in large populations with computerized medical records.
Some aspects of fundamental frequency control by esophageal speakers.

The March 1981 JSHR has an error on page 88 of the article "Some Aspects of Fundamental Frequency Control by Esophageal Speakers" by Cynthia B. Angermeier and Bernd Weinberg. The word disturbances ...
Design-performance trade-offs in CMOS-domino logic

The authors present a study of the charge-sharing problem and its effect on the performance of CMOS-domino logic. Several solutions to the charge-sharing problem are examined, and the results are verified by simulation. Thus, the charge-sharing problem in CMOS-domino logic was identified and alternate approaches were evaluated.
Lifetime of the B3Π state of ZrO

The radiative lifetime of the J′ = 77, v′ = 0 level of the B3Π state of ZrO is 32.5 ± 2 nsec, as measured by the decay of resonant fluorescent radiation of vapor in a furnace. Transition rates and oscillator strengths have been calculated for the β-system (B3Π - X13Δ).
Use of ethnically matched role models in career materials for hispanic students

Abstract This study investigated the effects of reading descriptions of sex-typed careers in which much of the career information was presented by successful role models in the careers. The role model for each career was of the nontraditional sex for the career. The 218 ninth-grade Hispanic subjects were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: one with career descriptions with Hispanic role models; one with descriptions with non-Hispanic models; and a no-treatment control group. Both the Hispanic and the non-Hispanic role model groups had less sex-stereotyped post-treatment attitudes toward the careers they read about than the control group toward these same careers. The Hispanic role model group, but not the non-Hispanic one, also had significantly less sex-stereotyped attitudes than the control group toward the careers they did not read about, thus indicating a significant generalization effect associated with ethnically matched role models.
Interim values for the viscosity and thermal conductivity coefficients of fluid He4 between 2 and 50 K

Abstract We discuss the estimation of viscosity and thermal conductivity coefficients of He 4 between 2 and 50 K for densities up to 0·2 g/cm 3 . The literature is reviewed and data sources listed. It is very obvious that much more data than are available are required. Interim estimates of the coefficients are given based on experimental data, dilute gas kinetic theory, Enskog theory, and corresponding states.
Transport of L-glutamic acid and L-glutamine and their incorporation into lenticular glutathione.

Abstract The dicarboxylic amino acids penetrate the cells of the lens (calf, rat) with difficulty. l -Aspartic acid was confined to the extracellular space of the bovine lens. In contrast, l -glutamine was transported as a typical neutral amino acid in both species. This amino acid was found to equilibrate readily with lenticular glutamate in the rat and the calf, and the latter amino acid was then incorporated into glutathione (γ-glutamylcysteinylglycine). A turnover rate of 2% per hr was calculated for the tripeptide in the calf lens. Since twice as much glutamine as glutamic acid was found in bovine aqueous humor, the amide appears to be the natural source of glutamine, glutamic acid, and the glutamyl residue of glutathione in the lens. l -Glutamic acid entered the cells of the rodent lens primarily by a special class of transporters (Glu − ). Influx of the dicarboxylic amino acids was 20% or less than that of l -glutamine. Incorporation into glutathione was noted of both l -glutamate and l -glutamine in the rat, with glutamine giving about four times the specific activity of glutamate in this compound. A turnover rate of 6% per hr was obtained. Conversion of both glutamine and glutamate to proline was observed in these lenses.
Home Economics Research: A Macro View

Home economics research has a long history of public support, albeit inade quate. Major problems which limit research productivity in the profession are lack of a critical mass of researchers; limited funds and a narrow funding base; lack of cost-benefit studies; limited networks among researchers; inadequate dissemination of results, especially to the ultimate beneficiaries; inequities among specializations; and lack of a comprehensive approach to research issues. Home economics as a profession has strengths with which to attack those prob lems: an interdisciplinary mission orientation, expertise of committed re searchers, credibility with the public, precedents for public support, vehicles in place for strong networks between researchers and the public, and ownership of avenues for dissemination of results. Recommendations include priority on in terdisciplinary research, early identification of potential researchers and research administrators, support for benchmark data collection on the state of the art, utilization of the existing conceptual frameworks, aggressive advocacy for ex panded funding, and establishment of AHEA and AHEAF as the lead agency in stimulating, coordinating, and supporting home economics research.
Analysis of chemical structure—biological activity relationships using clustering methods

Abstract The importance of calculating clustering tendency of a data set as part of a complete methodology is described. A new method for evaluating the clustering tendency is illustrated with artificially clustered, random, and actual chemical data sets. This new index is shown to be more useful than the original one.
The Effects of Music on Room Attendants' Work Performance — An Exploratory Study

Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the influences of music on the work performance of hotel room attendants. Most of the hotels' guest rooms are equipped with radios. However, many room attendants are told not to turn on the music while cleaning the guest rooms. Is this policy effective? Can music enhance room attendants' work performance? An experiment was conducted in a business hotel in Taiwan. Music was found to have no significant impact on room attendants' work performance. Nevertheless, the majority of the participants did indicate that they liked to have music playing in the guestrooms while cleaning.
Healthy, neutral, and unhealthy content in the Rorschach reponses of schizophrenic and normal adults.

Abstract The present study contrasts the group Rorschach protocols of psychotics and normals who had been equated for certain socio-economic factors. The Ss' protocols were scored for “healthy, neutral, and unhealthy” contents, and the hypothesis under test was that psychotics would give primarily neutral content, whereas normals would proffer more healthy and unhealthy Rorschach contents. This hypothesis was substantiated. Indeed, over two-thirds of the abnormals gave predominantly neutral responses to the Rorschach, while over half of the normals gave predominantly unhealthy responses. The range of unhealthy content in the present study was rather high, suggesting that adults may give more of this content than children. The findings are discussed in terms of a “defensiveness” interpretation of S's test behavior.
A COMPARISON BETWEEN THE PLASMA GHBP-3 AND IGF-1 LEVELS AS INDICATORS OF A GH DEFICIENCY IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

The clinical usefulness of tho GHBP-3 and IGF-1 plasma levels as indicators of GH deficiency has been evaluated in preschool children of short stature under the age of 6 (n=72), and the results compared with results seen in prepubertal children of short stature 6 years or older (n=65). The subjects were placed in to 1 of 3 groups based on GH responses to insulin and arginine: normal children of short stature (NS) with more than 10ng/ml value in one of the two testings; children with a partial GH deficiency (pGHD) with less than a 10ng/ml in both and more than 5ng/ml in one of two tests; children with a complete GHD (cGHD) with less than 5ng/ml in both tests.
The Interactive Effect of Outcome Favorability and Procedural Justice in Work Resource Allocation on Work Performance1

Prior research has indicated that people have particularly negative reactions to a situation where they receive an unfavorable distribution of resources that was established by means of an unfair allocation procedure. Studies that have examined this interaction between resource allocation outcomes and procedures with respect to its effect on individual work performance have produced equivocal results, however. The present study extends this work by testing the proposed interactive effect on performance in a work resource allocation context. As hypothesized, laboratory subjects had particularly low task performance when both of the following conditions were present: (a) They received an unfavorable distribution of a helpful work resource, and (b) the work resource was allocated through an unfair procedure. The results are discussed in the context of 5 alternative theoretical frameworks that have been proposed to explain the focal interaction.
A modified inlet system for high speed gas chromatography using inert metal tubing with a carbon dioxide cooled cryotrap

Ten different metal tubings were investigated for thermal decomposition of analytes when used as the trap tube in a cryotrap/thermodesorption inlet system. No noticeable sample decomposition of hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons and a brominated hydrocarbon was observed for six of the tubings with hydrogen as the carrier gas. This observation may be partly attributed to the developed deactivation techniques that produce inert metal tubings that are being widely adopted by many column manufacturers, the different trap materials used in comparison to previous studies and the decreased sample residence time in the hot trap tube. A cryotrap using carbon dioxide was constructed and tested as a alternative to the previously used liquid nitrogen based systems. This cryotrap was able to trap compounds with a boiling point of 80°C.