cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preventable Complications of Carotid Stenting

With the development of equipment specifically designed for carotid artery stenting (CAS) and a national effort to train specialists, CAS has blossomed into a viable alternative to carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in certain circumstances. Not without risks, stroke is a well-recognized complication of CAS; yet a variety of other unique problems can complicate an expected successful outcome. This review covers some of the more common problems and provides potential solutions to preventable situations that may occur in the periprocedural period. The primary objective of this review is to provide a heightened awareness of both anticipated and unanticipated risks of the procedure, with the hope of avoiding recurring problems.
The feasibility of supporting large-scale live streaming applications with dynamic application end-points

While application end-point architectures have proven to be viable solutions for large-scale distributed applications such as distributed computing and file-sharing, there is little known about its feasibility for more bandwidth-demanding applications such as live streaming. Heterogeneity in bandwidth resources and dynamic group membership, inherent properties of application end-points, may adversely affect the construction of a usable and efficient overlay. At large scales, the problems become even more challenging. In this paper, we study one of the most prominent architectural issues in overlay multicast: the feasibility of supporting large-scale groups using an application end-point architecture. We look at three key requirements for feasibility: (i) are there enough resources to construct an overlay, (ii) can a stable and connected overlay be maintained in the presence of group dynamics, and (iii) can an efficient overlay be constructed? Using traces from a large content delivery network, we characterize the behavior of users watching live audio and video streams. We show that in many common real-world scenarios, all three requirements are satisfied. In addition, we evaluate the performance of several design alternatives and show that simple algorithms have the potential to meet these requirements in practice. Overall, our results argue for the feasibility of supporting large-scale live streaming using an application end-point architecture.
Overall fibromyalgia pain is predicted by ratings of local pain and pain-related negative affect—possible role of peripheral tissues

Objectives. Despite variable numbers and intensities of local pain areas, fibromyalgia (FM) patients can provide overall clinical pain ratings. We hypothesized that the overall clinical pain is largely determined by the pain intensity of local body areas. Thus, we assessed the role of local body pains as predictors of overall clinical pain in FM patients. Methods. Ratings of overall clinical pain intensity and pain-related negative affect (PRNA) were obtained from 277 FM patients. In addition, the patients identified painful body areas by shading a body pain diagram and rated the intensity of each pain area using a mechanical visual analogue scale (VAS). Hierarchical regression analyses were used to examine predictors of overall clinical FM pain intensity including PRNA, number of local pain areas, and maximal/average intensity of local pain areas. Results. The average overall clinical pain rating of all FM patients was 4.6 (S.D. 2.3) VAS. The PRNA accounted for 19%, number of painful body areas for 9% and maximal/average local pain for 27% of the variance of overall clinical FM pain (P-values < 0.001). The combination of all factors predicted 55% of the variance in overall clinical pain intensity of FM patients. Conclusion. Peripheral factors (maximal/average local pain and number of painful body areas) predicted most of the variance of overall clinical FM pain, suggesting that the input of pain by the peripheral tissues is clinically relevant. About 19% of the pain variance was predicted by PRNA. Thus, peripheral pain and negative affect appear to be particularly relevant for overall FM pain and may represent important targets for future therapies.
Implementation issues for high rate turbo codes on BPSK/QPSK channels

We consider a practical method of decoding punctured high rate turbo codes with the BCJR a posteriori probability (APP) decoder. The full BCJR algorithm is computationally complex and has a large decoding delay for long interleaver sizes. By using the suboptimal sliding window log-BCJR (SW-log-BCJR) algorithm, it is possible to design an APP decoder that is less complex with short decoding delays. We consider decoding of rate 3/4, 7/8, 15/16 punctured turbo codes with optimum sliding window sizes and uniform quantization of decoding parameters in order to minimize the BER. Simulation results show that implementation loss of these turbo codes decoded by SW-log-BCJR algorithm is within 0.2 dB.
Synchronization of Multiple Chaotic Gyroscopes

In the course of our examination into the relationships found within gyrodynamics, we present a method to control the motions of multiple ‘slave’ nonlinear mechanical systems synchronized with the motions of a ‘master’ mechanical system, even in the situation where multiple slave systems are unique from one another. Recent development in analytical dynamics has led us to establish a set of control forces allowing the synchronization between highly nonlinear dynamical systems. Some of these qualities include the absence of linearization or nonlinear cancellation and the establishment of synchronizing control forces in a closed form. We apply this methodology in our study to distinct, chaotic gyroscopes. These slave gyroscopes will show synchronization with the motion of a master gyro exhibiting chaotic or regular motion. By providing two sample examples, the first system utilizing three separate gyros and the second utilizing five, we will demonstrate the simplicity and effectiveness of our approach. 1. Introduction Studying gyroscopes has offered us an integral understanding of the sciences as gyrodynamics retains unique properties that allow tremendous functionality in real world applications such as vehicles, aircraft and other complex engineering systems. One of these properties is that if harmonic vertical base excitations are applied to symmetric gyros, the system will display dynamic behavior exhibiting an array of regular to chaotic motion [1−6]. Some of these types of behavior include fixed points, periodic behavior, period doubling, quasi-periodic and chaotic motions. The work of Pecorra and Carrol [7, 8] have spurred tremendous interest in the synchronization of two chaotic systems. The process by which a master gyro controls the synchronized activity of slave gyros in identical fashion presents unique opportunities for study. A common method of attaining synchronized motion between chaotic systems can be described as a type of generalized feedback control. This control signal is applied to the slave system which is often some linear or nonlinear function of the difference in the motion between the master and the slave. As applied by Chen [4], the slave gyro reaches synchronization when the feed-back gain goes over a measured value. Numeric experimentation gives us the feedback value above the synchronization point. Additionally, we can utilize nonlinear control theory to examine gyro synchronization issues. In this model, we envision an independent set of first order nonlinear differential equations with the master to slave differential represented as an error signal. We commence by applying a control to the slave gyro to zero the error signal, oftentimes utilizing feedback linearization. This allows for the use of standard linear feedback control theory as nonlinear terms involving the error signal are gone [10]. However, this method is limited when there are several different slave gyros that need to be synchronized to the motion of the master.
History, biology, and control of potato wart disease in Canada.

(1993). History, biology, and control of potato wart disease in Canada. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology: Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 223-244.
Performance of pulse-position modulation with trellis-coded modulation on non-directed indoor infrared channels

We examine the performance of high-speed non-directed infrared links using pulse-position modulation (PPM) with trellis-coded modulation (TCM) to mitigate the effects of multipath-induced intersymbol interference (ISI) on such links. Using the measured characteristics of multipath indoor infrared channels, we calculate BER curves and ISI power penalties for maximum-likelihood sequence detection of 8-PPM links using rate-2/3 trellis codes operating at 10 and 30 Mb/s. Our results indicate that TCM is a very promising coding technique for L-PPM on high-speed non-directed infrared channels.
Discordant Protein and mRNA Expression in Lung Adenocarcinomas

The relationship between gene expression measured at the mRNA level and the corresponding protein level is not well characterized in human cancer. In this study, we compared mRNA and protein expression for a cohort of genes in the same lung adenocarcinomas. The abundance of 165 protein spots representing 98 individual genes was analyzed in 76 lung adenocarcinomas and nine non-neoplastic lung tissues using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Specific polypeptides were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. For the same 85 samples, mRNA levels were determined using oligonucleotide microarrays, allowing a comparative analysis of mRNA and protein expression among the 165 protein spots. Twenty-eight of the 165 protein spots (17%) or 21 of 98 genes (21.4%) had a statistically significant correlation between protein and mRNA expression (r > 0.2445; p < 0.05); however, among all 165 proteins the correlation coefficient values (r) ranged from -0.467 to 0.442. Correlation coefficient values were not related to protein abundance. Further, no significant correlation between mRNA and protein expression was found (r = -0.025) if the average levels of mRNA or protein among all samples were applied across the 165 protein spots (98 genes). The mRNA/protein correlation coefficient also varied among proteins with multiple isoforms, indicating potentially separate isoform-specific mechanisms for the regulation of protein abundance. Among the 21 genes with a significant correlation between mRNA and protein, five genes differed significantly between stage I and stage III lung adenocarcinomas. Using a quantitative analysis of mRNA and protein expression within the same lung adenocarcinomas, we showed that only a subset of the proteins exhibited a significant correlation with mRNA abundance.
Unusual dyspnea in a woman with CREST syndrome.

(CHEST 2008; 133:286–290) Abbreviations: Dlco diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide; HRCT high-resolution CT A 52-year-old female office worker, a lifelong nonsmoker, with a history of limited scleroderma associated with calcinosis, Raynaud phenomenon, sclerodactyly, and esophageal dysmotility was referred for evaluation of dyspnea. Limited scleroderma had been diagnosed 10 years previously, and she was without respiratory complaints until 2 months prior, when progressive dyspnea developed. Her rheumatoid factor was 29 U (normal 0 to 24 U) with an antinuclear antibody of 1:640 in a centromere pattern. Her anticentromere antibody was 1:5120.
Inferring annotated types for inter-procedural register allocation with constructor flattening

We introduce an annotated type system for a compiler intermediate language. The type system is designed to support inter-procedural register allocation and the representation of tuples and variants directly in the register file. We present an algorithm that generates constraints for assigning annotations, and prove its soundness with respect to the type system.
A note on the determination of the density of phonon eigenstates from the inelastic incoherent neutron scattering

Abstract A method for determining the density of phonon eigenstates of a harmonic crystal from the inelastic incoherent neutron scattering is described. The neutron scattering contains, in addition to the one phonon process, multiphonon processes. This scattering, including multiphonon processes, can always be expressed as a Fourier integral transform of a function of the phonon eigenstates, and if the scattering is measured while keeping the magnitude of the scattering vector constant, the phonon eigenstates can be obtained by appropriate Fourier inversions. The method is illustrated using the phonon eigenstates recently determined for vanadium at 300°K from the measurement of the thermal diffuse X-ray scattering. Assuming that the only effect of temperature is the change in the occupation number of the eigenstates, the influence of temperature on the scattering, and the frequency distribution in the one phonon approximation is discussed. The integrated multiphonon processes are 16.6, 63.5 and 165 per cent of the one phonon process at 300, 1000 and 2000°K.
Really Underage Drinkers: Alcohol Use Among Elementary Students

Despite the current societal concern with underage drinking, little attention has been paid to alcohol use within the preadolescent population. This article presents the proceedings of a symposium held at the 2003 Research Society on Alcoholism meeting in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, that was organized and chaired by John E. Donovan. The intent of the symposium was to kick start research on alcohol use among elementary school children by reviewing what is known regarding drinking in childhood. Presentations included (1) The Epidemiology of Children's Alcohol Use, by John E. Donovan; (2) The Validity of Children's Self-Reports of Alcohol Use, by Sharon L. Leech; (3) Predicting Onset of Drinking From Behavior at Three Years of Age: Influence of Early Child Expectancies and Parental Alcohol Involvement Upon Early First Use, by Robert A. Zucker; and (4) Parent, Peer, and Child Risk Factors for Alcohol Use in Two Cohorts of Elementary School Children, by Carol J. Loveland-Cherry. Presentations indicated the need for better nationwide surveillance of children's experience with alcohol; suggested that children's reports of their use of alcohol tend to be reliable and valid; supported children's alcohol use schemas and parental drinking and alcoholism at child age three as independent predictors of early onset drinking; and showed that onset of drinking before fourth or fifth grade, peer pressure, and parental norms and monitoring predict elementary student alcohol use and misuse.
Financing Freedoms: Money, Markets, and Multiculturalism in the UK

The industry for Islamic finance, most notable for its rejection of riba or interest as any increase about the principal, has grown tremendously in the UK. In fact, the UK is a leader among Western and Muslim nations in Islamic finance – holding steady at eighth in market-share. What effect does the industry have on the relationship between Muslims and the state in this context? I argue that the industry for Islamic finance is producing new spaces for deliberation, negotiation and compromise. I will show that, as the industry for Islamic finance progresses, the institutions necessary to keep it viable in the UK are altering the relationship between Muslims and the state. As legal and financial pluralism evolve, so do the state’s commitments to provide spaces for Muslim religious expression, as well as Muslims’ civil commitment to a secular state.
Magnetic film thickness effects on the recording performance of perpendicular media

This paper reports on a systematic study of the effect of magnetic film thickness on the recording performance of perpendicular double-layered media. We found that the signal-to-noise ratio of the media decreases with increasing film thickness. This is mainly caused by the poorer head field gradient that results from the increased gap between the pole surface of the head and the top of the soft underlayer of the media. A theoretical study confirms the experimental findings.
Active and passive learning connections to sleep management

Strong evidence exists that active is more effective than passive learning. In fact, passive learning is more sensitive to sleep debt. Efficiencies for passive learning and passive activities, such as driving, are reduced by more than 50 percent with as little as 18 hours of sleep debt. This relationship obviously affects highway safety. Further, the relationship also affects academic success. A sleep model, SLEEP (sleep loss effects on everyday performance) model developed in the College of Engineering at Texas Tech University, is used to predict the growth or decline in sleep debt and to predict resulting performance. It predicts active and passive performance efficiencies, time to fall asleep, and amount of sleep needed as a function of sleep, alcohol, and caffeine inputs. A steady-state form of the sleep model is included in GREG (grade requirements evaluation game). GREG predicts college GPA (grade point average) as a function of several academic management variables including sleep and caffeine. Results from both models are presented.
Seamless User-Level Handoff in Ubiquitous Multimedia Service Delivery

Advancing mobile computing technologies are enabling “ubiquitous personal computing environment”. In this paper, we focus on an important problem in such environment: user mobility. In the case of user mobility, a user is free to access his/her personalized service at anytime, anywhere, through any possible mobile/fixed devices. Providing mobility support in this scenario poses a series of challenges. The most essential problem is to preserve the user's access to the same service despite changes of the accessing host or service provider. Existing system-level mobility solutions are insufficient to address this issue since it is not aware of the application semantics. On the other hand, making each application to be mobility-aware will greatly increase the development overhead. We argue that the middleware layer is the best place to address this problem. On one hand, it is aware of application semantics. On the other hand, by building application-neutral mobility functions in the middleware layer, we eliminate the need to make each application mobility-aware. In this paper, we design a middleware framework to support user mobility in the ubiquitous computing environment. Its major mobility functions include user-level handoff management and service instantiation across heterogeneous computing platforms. We validate the major mobility functions using our prototype middleware system, and test them on two multimedia applications (Mobile Video Player and Mobile Audio Player). To maximally approximate the real-world user-mobility scenario, we have conducted experiments on a variety of computing platforms and communication paradigms, ranging from T1-connected high-end PC to handheld devices with wireless networks. The results show that our middleware framework is able to provide efficient user mobility support in the heterogeneous computing environment.
Genetic Specificity of Primary and Secondary Proliferative and Cytotoxic Responses of Human Lymphocytes Grown in Continued Culture

Human T peripheral blood lymphocytes were grown in continued culture using conditioned medium obtained from phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated, pooled human leucocytes. These cultured T cells (CTC) were tested in mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) and cell-mediated lympholysis (CML) assays to determine the genetic specificity of their proliferative and cytotoxic responses. Primary responses were measured after initial in vitro stimulation by allogeneic cells, and secondary responses were measured after a second in vitro stimulation by allogeneic cells. Both primary and secondary proliferative responses were found to be stimulated by alloantigens controlled by the HLA region and, more specifically, by antigens of the HLA-D region, in accordance with the responses of normal peripheral blood T lymphocytes. When CTC were established from unsensitized PBL and then stimulated with allogeneic cells, they could respond by proliferation in MLC, but, in contrast to PBL, they did not show subsequent cytotoxic responses. On the other hand, CTC established from PBL that had been stimulated first with allogeneic cells in either primary or secondary MLC displayed high levels of cytotoxic reactivity in CML. The strongest cytotoxicity was directed against allospecificities controlled by the HLA region and specific for the MLC-stimulating cells, but lower levels of cross-reactive cytotoxicity were also observed.
The Interests Served B Y Technological Reform: The Case of Computing

This study explores the interests served by technological reform through an empirical analysis of power shifts stemming from the use of computer technology in American local governments. Alternative hypotheses concerning the existence and direction of power shifts are tested with survey and observational data collected in 42 U.S. cities. The findings indicate that computer-based systems tend to follow and reinforce the existing pattern of local government power relationships, whether that pattern be pluralistic or centralized in bureaucrats, technocrats, or politicians. Consequently, computing tends to support the interests of the status quo versus the interests of reform.
Organization of the dorsoventral musculature in the wings of the pteropod mollusc Clione limacina

The wings of the pteropod mollusc Clione limacina provide forward propulsive force through flapping movements in which the wings bend throughout their length in both dorsal and ventral directions. The musculature of the wings includes oblique, striated muscle bundles that generate the swimming movements of the wings, longitudinal and transverse (smooth) muscle bundles that collapse the wings and pull them into the body during a wing withdrawal response, and dorsoventral muscles that control the thickness of the wings. All muscles act against a hydrostatic skeleton that forms a central hemocoelic space within the wings. Of these muscle types, all have been thoroughly described and studied except the dorsoventral muscles. The fortuitous discovery that the dorsoventral musculature can be intensely labeled with an antibody against the vertebrate hyperpolarization-activated cation channel (HCN2) provided the opportunity to describe the organization of the dorsoventral musculature in detail. In addition, electrical recordings and microelectrode dye injections supported the immunohistochemical data, and provided preliminary data on the activity of the muscle fibers. The organization and activity of the dorsoventral musculature suggests it may be involved in regulation of wing stiffness during the change from slow to fast swimming.
Regulation of Ca2+sensitization by PKC and rho proteins in ovine cerebral arteries: effects of artery size and age

G protein-regulated Ca2+ sensitivity of vascular contractile proteins plays an important role in cerebrovascular reactivity. The present study examines the intracellular mechanisms that govern G pr...
Faces of the needy: the portrayal of destitute children in the fundraising campaigns of NGOs in India

This paper focuses on the portrayal of children in fundraising campaigns by nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) working in India and answers the following questions: How do children feel about their portrayal in the images of funding campaigns? How do photographers or managers/directors affiliated with NGOs view their portrayal of destitute children? The study draws on data from analysis of images, focus groups with children, and interviews with photographers and campaign managers from NGOs working in different parts of India. Findings suggest that children like to be portrayed as happy and in a “good light”, telling the whole story about their lives but that also generates awareness about hardships they face, such as child labor; NGOs face a challenge in representing beneficiaries in a good light while also showing “need” to donors; and children interviewed were unaware of the purpose of the images as a fundraising and marketing tool, raising ethical concerns. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Effect of High Energy Rate Forming on the Terminal Characteristics of Metal—A Review

A review was conducted of the literature covering the effects of ambient-temperature high energy rate forming (HERF) on the terminal characteristics of metals. Since the principal objective of the survey was to assess the influence of HERF relative to more conventional lower-rate forming processes, no investigations were included which dealt solely with properties after HERF. However, when full heat treatments were performed after HERF, comparison with unformed but heat-treated controls was considered valid. Microstructural features, hardness, strength, ductility, work hardening, fracture, fatigue, stress corrosion, and thermal response are treated. Some behavioral generalizations, causes for concern, and future needs are discussed.
Reconsidering Spanish nationalism, regionalism, and the centre-periphery model in the post-Francoist period, 1975-1992

of a desire to prompt a reconsideration of Spanish nationalism and regional- ism in the post-Francoist period, this article seeks to use the example of Madrid to expose the inadequacies of the widely accepted centre-periphery model that is often used to explain geographical identity formation in the period after 1975. Contrary to this model, which posits regional identities forming in response to a strong national centre, an examination of Madrid finds no evidence of a unified national identity, or Spanishness, articulated in the capital during this period. At the same time, there is evidence to suggest that the local and regional administra- tions of Madrid articulated their own regionalist project between 1979 and 1986, which implies a more global process that escapes the constraints of the centre-periphery model of identity formation and points to the creation of a mul- tiple, or postmodern, democratic identity after the dictatorship.
Foreword: Military doctrine and the management of uncertainty

ABSTRACTOrganization theorists have long argued that the management of uncertainty is a major motive of organizational behavior. Military organizations must deal with very high levels of uncertainty. Some uncertainty comes from the international political environment that gives the Military organizations life; some arises from the possibility of direct intervention by formal authorities upon whom the organization depends for critical resources; some emerges from the mixed motives of organizational participants; some arises from the fact that Military organizations do not get much realistic practice; and some arises from the very nature of combat. Doctrine is one of the many ways that militaries address these uncertainties. But doctrine writers make tradeoffs among these problems, tradeoffs that are themselves reflective of the politics of the moment.
Chest pain followed by sudden collapse.

A 51-year-old man, resuscitated from ventricular fibrillation, has ST elevation in leads V1 and V2. What is the likely cause?
Epidemiologic characteristics of mumps in Liaocheng City from 2010-2012

[Objective]To understand the epidemiological characteristics of mumps in Liaocheng City from 2010-2012,provide scientific basis for formulating practicable protective measures. [Methods] The incidence of mumps in Liaocheng City from 2010-2012 was analyzed by descriptive epidemiological analysis. [Results] The reported incidence of mumps in Liaocheng City from2010-2012 were 1. 79 /100 000,6. 63 /100 000 and 37. 90 /100 000. The mumps occurred in all year round,but had obvious seasonality. 70. 61% of the cases occurred in children aged 4-10 years( 1 915 /2 712). The students,scattered children and childcare children were the main infected vocation,accounted for 50. 70%,22. 38% and 12. 72% of the total number of cases in three years. The sex ratio of male and female was 2. 1∶ 1. 29. 09%( 647 /2 224) of the cases had been vaccinated against mumps,33.09%( 736 /2 224) had not history of immune and 37. 81%( 841 /2 224) of cases were unknown. [Conclusion] In recent three years,the incidence of mumps in Liaocheng City shows a rising trend. We should strengthen the prevention and control of disease,widely promote and carried out the immunization work for key groups,protect the health of children.
Connecting lipoxygenase function to structure by electron paramagnetic resonance.

ConspectusLipoxygenase enzymes insert oxygen in a polyunsaturated lipid, yielding a hydroperoxide product. When the acyl chain is arachidonate, with three cis-pentadiene units, 12 positionally and stereochemically different products might result. The plant lipids, linoleate and linolenate, have, respectively, four and eight potential oxygen insertion sites. The puzzle of how specificity is achieved in these reactions grows as more and more protein structures confirm the conservation of a lipoxygenase protein fold in plants, animals, and bacteria. Lipoxygenases are large enough (60–100 kDa) that they provide a protein shell completely surrounding an active site cavity that has the shape of a long acyl chain and contains a catalytic metal (usually iron).This Account summarizes electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopic, and other, experiments designed to bridge the gap between lipid–lipoxygenase interactions in solution and crystal structures. Experiments with spin-labeled lipids give a picture of ...
Influence of Stationary Crossflow Modulation on Secondary Instability

A likely scenario for swept wing transition on subsonic aircraft with natural laminar flow involves the breakdown of stationary crossflow vortices via high frequency secondary instability. A majority of the prior research on this secondary instability has focused on crossflow vortices with a single dominant spanwise wavelength. This paper investigates the effects of the spanwise modulation of stationary crossflow vortices at a specified wavelength by a subharmonic stationary mode. Secondary instability of the modulated crossflow pattern is studied using planar, partial-differential-equation based eigenvalue analysis. Computations reveal that weak modulation by the first subharmonic of the input stationary mode leads to mode splitting that is particularly obvious for Y-type secondary modes that are driven by the wall-normal shear of the basic state. Thus, for each Y mode corresponding to the fundamental wavelength of results in unmodulated train of crossflow vortices, the modulated flow supports a pair of secondary modes with somewhat different amplification rates. The mode splitting phenomenon suggests that a more complex stationary modulation such as that induced by natural surface roughness would yield a considerably richer spectrum of secondary instability modes. Even modest levels of subharmonic modulation are shown to have a strong effect on the overall amplification of secondary disturbances, particularly the Z-modes driven by the spanwise shear of the basic state. Preliminary computations related to the nonlinear breakdown of these secondary disturbances provide interesting insights into the process of crossflow transition in the presence of the first subharmonic of the dominant stationary vortex.
Primary Health Care Reform in Portugal: Portuguese, modern and innovative.

Resumo A reforma de 2005 dos cuidados de saude primarios (CSP) portugueses foi uma das mais bem-sucedidas feitas nos servicos publicos do pais. O acontecimento mais relevante foi a constituicao das Unidades de Saude Familiar (USF): equipes multidisciplinares voluntarias e auto-organizadas, que prestam cuidados medicos e de enfermagem personalizados a um conjunto de pessoas. Num segundo momento reorganizaram-se as restantes dimensoes dos CSP com a criacao dos Agrupamentos de Centros de Saude (ACeS). Apostou-se na governacao clinica procurando-se obter ganhos em saude pela melhoria da qualidade e da participacao e responsabilizacao de todos. Este artigo tem por objetivo caracterizar a reforma de 2005 dos CSP Portugueses com a analise das suas dimensoes sistemica e local. Trata-se de um estudo de caso de uma reforma na area dos CSP de um sistema de saude com analise documental e descricao de uma de suas unidades. Esta reforma foi portuguesa, moderna e inovadora. Portuguesa ao nao quebrar completamente com o passado, moderna porque se aliou a tecnologia e ao trabalho em rede, e inovadora porque ultrapassou o modelo hierarquizado tradicional. Cumpriu o objetivo de uma reforma: conseguiu melhorias com maior satisfacao de todos e ganhos em saude.
De raíz, extracciones y apropiaciones

Resumen Como tercera parte del ensayo, Compresiones: politica cultural, economia y mercado, El presente articulo se enfoca en la violencia cultural que ha marginalizado, exotizado, racializado y negado opticas de caracter no eurocentrado, estas son tenidas en cuenta hoy en medida de su capacidad de adaptacion y la posibilidad de captura de esas subjetividades marginales dentro los procesos de globalizacion y dinamicas de circulacion de mercados culturales a escala global. En Colombia, los multiples desplazamientos al interior del territorio nacional traen a cuento una vez mas el debate sobre lo cosmopolita versus lo rural y hacen parte de las discusiones sobre la configuracion contemporanea de la nacion, sus procesos de inclusion y construccion de unidad en diversidad. Esta seccion presenta el caso de Don Abel Rodriguez (1941), el cual funciona como ejemplo, tanto de procesos de adaptacion y captura, como de una posibilidad relacional real dentro del espacio hiper institucionalizado del mundo del arte.Palabras ClaveArte; botanica; esteticas-de-frontera; expediciones-cientificas; ontologia-relacional; saberes- otros
Benign Infantile Seizures (Fukuyama Syndrome)

Benign infantile seizures (BIS), first described by Fukuyama (1963) as generalized convulsions were later reported as focal or partial seizures, mainly non-familial, and more recently as familial with autosomal dominance.
Association Between Chronic Kidney Disease and Rates of Transfusion and Progression to End-Stage Renal Disease in Patients Undergoing Transradial Versus Transfemoral Cardiac Catheterization-An Analysis From the Veterans Affairs Clinical Assessment Reporting and Tracking (CART) Program.

Background Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at increased risk for bleeding, transfusion, and dialysis after cardiac catheterization. Whether rates of these complications are increased in this high‐risk population undergoing transradial access compared with transfemoral access is unknown. Methods and Results From the Veterans Affairs (VA) Clinical Assessment Reporting and Tracking program, we identified 229 108 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization between 2007 and 2014, of which 48 155 (21.0%) had baseline glomerular filtration rate (GFR) between 15 and 59 mL/min. We used multivariable Cox modeling to determine the independent association between transradial access and postprocedure transfusion as well as progression to new dialysis by degree of renal dysfunction. Overall, 35 979 (15.7%) of patients underwent Transradial access. Transradial patients tended to be slightly younger, but, overall, had similar rates of CKD compared to transfemoral patients (24.3% vs 27.1%). Transradial patients had longer fluoroscopy times (7.2 vs 6.0 minutes; P P P value for trend=0.04: non‐CKD: HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.73–1.34; GFR 45–59 mL/min: HR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.70–1.23; GFR 30–44 mL/min: HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.51–1.03; GFR 15–29 mL/min: HR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.20–0.90). Conclusions Among patients undergoing cardiac catheterization in the VA health system, transradial access was associated with lower risk for postprocedure transfusion within 48 hours among patients with more‐severe CKD, and with lower risk of progression to end‐stage renal disease at 1 year compared with transfemoral access. These data provide additional evidence that transradial access may provide significant benefit in this high‐risk population.
A fast information-theoretic approximation of joint mutual information feature selection

Feature selection is an important step in data analysis to address the curse of dimensionality. Such dimensionality reduction techniques are particularly important when if a classification is required and the model scales in polynomial time with the size of the feature (e.g., some applications include genomics, life sciences, cyber-security, etc.). Feature selection is the process of finding the minimum subset of features that allows for the maximum predictive power. Many of the state-of-the-art information-theoretic feature selection approaches use a greedy forward search; however, there are concerns with the search in regards to the efficiency and optimality. A unified framework was recently presented for information-theoretic feature selection that tied together many of the works in over the past twenty years. The work showed that joint mutual information maximization (JMI) is generally the best options; however, the complexity of greedy search for JMI scales quadratically and it is infeasible on high dimensional datasets. In this contribution, we propose a fast approximation of JMI based on information theory. Our approach takes advantage of decomposing the calculations within JMI to speed up a typical greedy search. We benchmarked the proposed approach against JMI on several UCI datasets, and we demonstrate that the proposed approach returns feature sets that are highly consistent with JMI, while decreasing the run time required to perform feature selection.
Responses of chemical erosion rates to transient perturbations in physical erosion rates, and implications for relationships between chemical and physical erosion rates in regolith-mantled hillslopes

Abstract Understanding the relationship between chemical erosion rates ( W ) and physical erosion rates ( E ) is of wide interest due to their roles in driving landscape evolution, supplying nutrients to soils and streams, and modulating the global carbon cycle. Measured relationships between W and E vary around the globe, with some regions exhibiting positive correlations between W and E , some negative correlations, and others no correlation within uncertainty. Here we use a numerical model for mineral weathering in well-mixed ridgetop regolith to explore how complex W – E relationships can be generated by simple transient perturbations in E . We show that a Gaussian perturbation in E can produce positive or negative responses in W , and can result in a variety of hysteresis loops – clockwise, counterclockwise, or figure-eight – in plots of W against E . The nature of the transient response depends on the shape of the steady-state W – E relationship, which is set by regolith mineralogy, and the ratio of E to the maximum possible regolith production rate. The response time of W is controlled by the response time of soluble mineral concentrations at low E , where soluble mineral concentrations are low, and by the response time of regolith thickness at high E , where regolith thickness is low. These complex W – E relationships arise in the absence of variations in climate and lithology, which suggests that transients may account for some of the observed differences in W – E relationships among field sites, even among sites that share the same climate and lithology.
The QGP Equation of State by Measuring the Color Suppression Factor at RHIC and LHC Energies

The initial temperature Ti, energy density ei, and formation time τi of the initial state of the QGP formed in the heavy ion collisions at RHIC and LHC energies are determined using the data driven Color String Percolation Model (CSPM). Multiparticle production by interacting strings stretched between projectile and target form a spanning cluster at the percolation threshold. The relativistic kinetic theory relation for η/s is evaluated as a function of T and the mean free path (λm f p) using data and CSPM. η/s(Ti, λm f p) describes the transition from a strongly interacting QGP at T/Tc � 1 to a weakly coupled QGP at T/Tc � 6. We find that the reciprocal of η/s is equal to the trace anomaly Δ = e − 3P/T 4 which also describes the transition. We couple this initial state of the QGP to a 1D Bjorken expansion to determine the sound velocity c 2 of the QGP for 1 � T/Tc � 3. The bulk thermodynamic quantities and the equation of state are in excellent agreement with LQCD results.
Alternative evolutionary histories in the sequence space of an ancient protein

To understand why molecular evolution turned out as it did, we must characterize not only the path that evolution followed across the space of possible molecular sequences but also the many alternative trajectories that could have been taken but were not. A large-scale comparison of real and possible histories would establish whether the outcome of evolution represents an optimal state driven by natural selection or the contingent product of historical chance events; it would also reveal how the underlying distribution of functions across sequence space shaped historical evolution. Here we combine ancestral protein reconstruction with deep mutational scanning to characterize alternative histories in the sequence space around an ancient transcription factor, which evolved a novel biological function through well-characterized mechanisms. We find hundreds of alternative protein sequences that use diverse biochemical mechanisms to perform the derived function at least as well as the historical outcome. These alternatives all require prior permissive substitutions that do not enhance the derived function, but not all require the same permissive changes that occurred during history. We find that if evolution had begun from a different starting point within the network of sequences encoding the ancestral function, outcomes with different genetic and biochemical forms would probably have resulted; this contingency arises from the distribution of functional variants in sequence space and epistasis between residues. Our results illuminate the topology of the vast space of possibilities from which history sampled one path, highlighting how the outcome of evolution depends on a serial chain of compounding chance events.
Thermally reversible physical gels of poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-(R)-3-hydroxyhexanoate]: Part 1 gelation in dimethylformamide

Abstract A series of thermally reversible gels made from a solution of bio-based, biodegradable poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-(R)-3-hydroxyhexanoate] (PHBHx) in dimethylformamide (DMF) were analyzed using wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). WAXD results demonstrate the existence of crystalline PHBHx in the polymer gel by the presence of diffraction peaks characteristic of the α crystalline form. The results obtained from FTIR are consistent with the WAXD, all indicating that gelation is caused by the presence of polymer crystals within the gel system. SEM images confirmed the phase separation of the solvent and the polymer by revealing a highly interconnected, submicron-scale polymer network comprised of PHBHx ribbons and fibrils.
Lost in Transportation: Nucleocytoplasmic Transport Defects in ALS and Other Neurodegenerative Diseases

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. The hallmark pathological feature in most cases of ALS is nuclear depletion and cytoplasmic accumulation of the protein TDP-43 in degenerating neurons. Consistent with this pattern of intracellular protein redistribution, impaired nucleocytoplasmic trafficking has emerged as a mechanism contributing to ALS pathology. Dysfunction in nucleocytoplasmic transport is also an emerging theme in physiological aging and other related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Huntington's and Alzheimer's diseases. Here we review transport through the nuclear pore complex, pointing out vulnerabilities that may underlie ALS and potentially contribute to this and other age-related neurodegenerative diseases.
Extensive cerebral and extracerebral metastases from a large-cell neuroendocrine cervical carcinoma.

A 43 year-old woman, gravida 2 para 2 with no regular medical care, presented for 3 months of pelvic pain and vaginal bleeding. Pelvic examination revealed an 8-cm necrotic cervical mass. Biopsy of the lesion demonstrated high-grade large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the cervix. CT with contrast of chest, abdomen and pelvis showed extensive pulmonary (A), hepatic and renal metastases (Stage IVB). She received palliative radiation, 6 cycles of etoposide and cisplatin and 1 cycle of bevacizumab. Seven months after diagnosis she developed intermittent headaches and expressive aphasia. MRI, pre-gadolinium and post-gadolinium, revealed numerous parenchymal and leptomeningeal contrast-enhancing lesions affecting brain and spinal cord (B). Chest X-ray re-demonstrated innumerable lung metastases (C). The patient decided to pursue hospice care and died 1 month later. Brain metastases from cervical cancer are exceedingly rare. However, brain metastases can occasionally occur from neuroendocrine cervical carcinomas, which account for up to 2% of all cervical cancers. LCNEC is an aggressive, poorly differentiated neoplasm with high mitotic rate, lymphovascular space involvement, and extensive necrosis. It metastasizes early. Due to the rarity of LCNEC, there are no randomized controlled trials evaluating therapies. Clinical guidelines suggest that treatment with surgical resection followed by platinum-and etoposide-based combination chemotherapy can improve survival in early stages. Still, LCNEC has poor prognosis. In a series of 62 patients, median overall survival for stage I, II, III, and IV LCNEC was 19, 17, 3 and 1.5 months, respectively.
On Measuring Cognition and Cognitive Augmentation

We are at the beginning of a new age in which artificial entities will perform significant amounts of high-level cognitive processing rivaling and even surpassing human thinking. The future belongs to those who can best collaborate with artificial cognitive entities achieving a high degree of cognitive augmentation. However, we currently lack theoretically grounded fundamental metrics able to describe human or artificial cognition much less augmented and combined cognition. How do we measure thinking, cognition, information, and knowledge in an implementation-independent way? How can we tell how much thinking an artificial entity does and how much is done by a human? How can we measure the combined and possible even emergent effect of humans working together with intelligent artificial entities? These are some of the challenges for researchers in this field. We first define a cognitive process as the transformation of data, information, knowledge, and wisdom. We then review several existing and emerging information metrics based on entropy, processing effort, quantum physics, emergent capacity, and human concept learning. We then discuss how these fail to answer the above questions and provide guidelines for future research.
Visual-Spatial Disabilities

The cognitive disturbances to be discussed in this chapter have as their most significant feature an inability to appreciate the spatial aspects of visual experience. Like the aphasic disorders, visual-spatial deficits can be quite heterogeneous, both in the constellation of deficits shown by individual patients and in qualitative features of their abnormal performances. Unlike aphasic disorders, however, visual-spatial deficits often go unnoticed by the affected patient and his relatives and come to light only when directly evaluated with neuropsychological tests. Thus, without formal assessment, many of the disabilities to be discussed here would escape the notice of neuropsychologists, neurologists, or rehabilitation personnel.