cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Some Efficiency Effects of Inflation Under Nominal Wage Rigidity

There is an extensive literature on the effects of downward nominal wage rigidity (DNWR) on employment, wage and macroeconomic outcomes going at least as far back as Keynes’ General Theory. This literature, however, focuses almost exclusively on ex post effects - namely, what are the employment and efficiency effects when the equilibrium wage falls but the actual wage paid does not or cannot fall to match it. This paper addresses the question in a “Lucas-critique-proof” way: given that employers know in advance they will not be able to cut wages in the future, how does this affect present wage-setting policy, and what are the effects of this foresight and of inflation on employment and efficiency? I find that downward nominal rigidity restrains wages in the presence of uncertainty but that inflation does not necessarily mitigate this effect. The impact of inflation on employment and efficiency may be either positive or negative, and there are few simple threshold-type rules to determine which it will be in any given situation. Instead, the efficiency effects of inflation depend on the precise characteristics of the market in question.
pH regulation and response to AVP in A10 cells differ markedly in the presence vs. absence of CO2-HCO3-.

The fluorescent pH-sensitive dye 2',7'-bis(carboxyethyl)-5,6-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) was used to determine the effect of ambient CO2-HCO3- on the regulation of intracellular pH (pHi) and the pHi...
Viability of fungus cultures preserved by lyophilization.

Lyophilized ampules of 447 strains of fungi, mostly Aspergilli and Penicillia, were checked for viability. Many of the ampules had been processed 23 years previously. All strains sporulated in cult...
Enzymatic Reduction of 4-Hydroxyaminoquinoline 1-oxide to 4-Aminoquinoline 1-oxide in Mouse Liver and Lung

The 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline 1-oxide reductase assay was optimized and validated using microsomal and mitochondrial fractions from mouse liver and microsomal fraction from mouse lung as the enzyme source.Methods Mouse liver and lung were weighted and minced,and subsequently were homogenized.Fractions of microsomes and mitochondria were isolated by centrifugation.In incudations of 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline 1-oxide with the enzyme source in anaerobic environment,the reduced product:4AQO was extracted and detected by spectrophotometric analysis.The production of 4-aminoquinoline 1-oxide was shown to be linear with incubation time for 30 minutes.Also,the production of 4-aminoquinoline 1-oxide was proportional to the amounts of microsomal and mitochodrial fractions in the incubations.The specific activity of 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline 1-oxide reductase was found to be nearly equal between microsomes and mitochondria of mouse liver. Results The spectific activity in liver microsomes was 2 3 times than in the lung microsomes.Activity observed in the presence of NADH was somewhat lower than with NADPH.Reduction of 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline 1-oxide was found to be stimulated by flavin coenzymes.Conclusion The 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline 1-oxide reductase mainly exists in microsomal and mitochondrial fractions of mouse liver.
An immersed boundary approach for shape and topology optimization of stationary fluid-structure interaction problems

This paper presents an approach to shape and topology optimization of fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problems at steady state. The overall approach builds on an immersed boundary method that couples a Lagrangian formulation of the structure to an Eulerian fluid model, discretized on a deforming mesh. The geometry of the fluid-structure boundary is manipulated by varying the nodal parameters of a discretized level set field. This approach allows for topological changes of the fluid-structure interface, but free-floating volumes of solid material can emerge in the course of the optimization process. The free-floating volumes are tracked and modeled as fluid in the FSI analysis. To sense the isolated solid volumes, an indicator field described by linear, isotropic diffusion is computed prior to analyzing the FSI response of a design. The fluid is modeled with the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations, and the structure is assumed linear elastic. The FSI model is discretized by an extended finite element method, and the fluid-structure coupling conditions are enforced weakly. The resulting nonlinear system of equations is solved monolithically with Newton's method. The design sensitivities are computed by the adjoint method and the optimization problem is solved by a gradient-based algorithm. The characteristics of this optimization framework are studied with two-dimensional problems at steady state. Numerical results indicate that the proposed treatment of free-floating volumes introduces a discontinuity in the design evolution, yet the method is still successful in converging to meaningful designs.
Experimental Study of Photon Induced Reactions on 3He and 4He at Low Energies

Data are reported for the photodisintegration cross section of the reaction 3He(γ, p)2H at ten energies between 7.0 and 16.0 MeV. Very preliminary data are presented for the reaction 4He(γ, p)3H between 22.0 and 29.5 MeV in 0.5 MeV energy steps, and for the reaction 4He(γ, n)3He at three energies around 28.0 MeV. High-pressure He/Xe gas scintillators served as target and detector. Our data are in better agreement with recent theoretical calculations than the majority of the existing data for all three reactions, but differ significantly from recent data taken with a mono-energetic photon beam and a time-projection chamber.
Magnetic Resonance-Guided Nasogastric Feeding Tube Placement for Neonates: A Preclinical Study.

Background Establishing postnatal nutrition delivery is challenging in neonates with immature sucking and swallowing ability. Enteral feeding is the gold standard for such patients, but their small size and fragility present challenges in nasogastric (NG) feeding tube placement. Feeding tubes are typically placed with x-ray guidance, which provides minimal soft tissue contrast and exposes the baby to ionizing radiation. This research investigates magnetic resonance (MR) guidance of NG feeding tube placement in neonates to provide improved soft tissue visualization without ionizing radiation. Materials and methods A novel feeding tube incorporating 3 solenoid coils for real-time tracking and guidance in the MR environment was developed. The feeding tube was placed 5 times in a rabbit with conventional x-ray guidance to assess mechanical stability and function. After x-ray procedures, the rabbit was transferred to a neonatal MR system, and the tube was placed 5 more times. Results In procedures guided by x-ray and MR, the feeding tube provided sufficient mechanical strength and functionality to access the esophagus and stomach of the rabbit. MR imaging provided significantly improved soft tissue contrast versus x-ray, which aided in proper tube guidance. Moreover, MR guidance allowed for real-time placement of the tube without the use of ionizing radiation. Conclusions The feasibility and benefits offered by an MR-guided approach to NG feeding tube placement were demonstrated. The ability to acquire high-quality MR images of soft tissue without ionizing radiation and a contrast agent, coupled with accurate 3-dimensional device tracking, promises to have a powerful impact on future neonatal feeding tube placements.
Fueling and Carburetion: Breakup and Accretion of Stars and Gas Clouds

In Chapter 7 we learned that black holes store energy in two different forms: (1) gravitational mass, which is expressed by the black hole mass parameter \( M_\bullet \) (usually given in units of solar masses), and (2) rotational kinetic energy, which is embodied in the normalized angular momentum parameter $$ j\equiv\frac{J}{(GM^{2}_{\bullet}/c)} $$ (11.1) (with j lying in the range \( -1\leq j \leq 1 \)).
Characterizing the parallel performance and soft error resilience of probabilistic inference algorithms

Probabilistic reasoning has become a popular approach for modeling systems with uncertainty and solving for the most likely solution based on the data available. It has been successfully applied to many exciting fields and its applications are expanding. However, there has been little work on how they map to modern and future computing systems. Continued scaling of VLSI circuit technology is driving processor design towards explicitly parallel machines as energy constraints and diminishing return of instruction level parallelism limit the performance gain possible with monolithic processors. Using a reconfigurable chip multiprocessor (CMP) architecture as our evaluation platform, we characterize the performance of a set of probabilistic inference algorithms. Our results show that probabilistic inference applications have plenty of data parallelism that is easily extractable in most cases. For some applications, hardware supported multicontext processors and fine-grain synchronization are necessary to achieve efficient parallel execution. Unlike parallel scientific benchmarks, these applications have lower compute to memory ratio as well as large working sets. Thus, high memory bandwidth is required and using multi-context processors to hide some of the memory latency is desired. Besides the shift to CMP's, technology scaling is also fueling a growing concern on the reliability of future processor chips, as shrinking feature size and lower voltage make devices more susceptible to upsets from transient errors. Since probabilistic reasoning is designed to handle noisy or incomplete data, it raises the question of whether they are more robust than traditional programs, and if that warrants a different approach to soft error protection. Our fault injection experiments confirm that the robustness of approximate inference algorithms makes them more resilient against transient errors compared to traditional benchmarks. In addition, the approximate nature of the computation enables low-cost fault recovery. With simple modifications in the software, we can further improve the percentage of soft errors masked. The errors that the algorithm cannot naturally recover from often point to critical sections of the program and we find that algorithm specific software level error protection can be very effective in increasing robustness while incurring little additional overhead.
Demographic and behavioral comparisons of suburban and rural American Crows

American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) have become common suburban and urban birds in the last 50 years, using these environments for roosting and breeding. I studied crows in upstate New York from 1989 to 1999, and compared reproductive success, survival, and social behavior of crows in suburban and rural areas. Although both suburban and rural crows maintained permanent territories, suburban American Crows had smaller territories and nested at higher densities. Both suburban and rural crows periodically left their territories in fall and winter to join foraging aggregations and to roost at night. The proportion of nests attended by auxiliaries did not differ, but suburban nests were attended by larger families. Overall nest success was higher in suburban areas. Success rates during the egg stage of the nest cycle did not differ between habitat, but suburban nests had higher success during the nestling stage of the nest cycle. Survival of crows post fledging was better in suburban areas, but after one year annual survival rates did not differ between the habitats. Birds raised in one habitat tended to breed in the same habitat. Although clutch sizes and egg hatchability did not differ between the habitats, rural nests produced nearly one more young per successful nest and significantly larger young than suburban crows, suggesting that food resources were better in rural areas. Data from a drought year, a time of apparent food shortage, suggested that suburban food resources also were less dependable than those in rural areas. The increase in American Crows over the last 25 years in eastern North America may be due in part to the successful exploitation of suburban nesting habitats.
Leadership Narratives in Postsecondary Dance Administration: Voices, Values and Gender Variations.

ABSTRACTDance in the U.S. university finds its beginnings in the visionary leadership of women. Since the mid-1910s, dance faculty and students in higher education have been predominantly female. Gender in postsecondary dance today remains much the same, with the exception of dance leadership, which is increasingly male. This narrative inquiry is drawn from a mixed-method study (n = 75) that examined the lives of administrative leaders—defined as chairs, directors, heads, or coordinators—who lead departments or programs of dance in colleges and universities in the U.S. The purpose of the exploratory investigation was to develop a status report drawn from quantitative survey data and qualitative interview narratives of administrators in postsecondary dance with particular attention to gender. This inquiry focuses on representative data of nine participants from the larger study. Findings are presented on participants’ leadership approach; support for work; work–life balance; and research, creative activity...
Seasonal Differences in Hantavirus Prevalencein Deer Mice Captured in Ranch Buildings in Southwestern Montana

Hantaviruses are widespread emergent zoonotic agents that cause unapparent or limited disease in their rodent hosts, yet cause acute, often fatal pulmonary or renal infections in humans (Bagamian et al., 2013). In the United States one rodent species, the deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) are the principal host of Sin Nombre virus (SNV), which causes Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (Childs et al. 1994, Nichol et al. 1993). Mice spread the virus to each other when they come in direct contact. Males spread the disease more because they are more aggressive and bite each other when they fight (Bagamian et al. 2013). A previous study (Kuenzi et al. 2001) has shown that mice that live inside of ranch buildings in western Montana have a higher prevalence of antibodies to SNV than outside populations. This study also found that male mice were more likely to be infected than female mice. A similar study was conducted in southwestern Montana testing seasonal effects instead of location. Knowing that indoor mice have higher antibody prevalence to SNV, mice were trapped in two ranch buildings during the summer and fall to examine seasonal differences in SNV prevalence in these populations.
Textbox: The U.S. Farm Bill and Textbox: The National School Lunch Program

In the United States, Congress sets domestic legislative priorities and allocates funding for agricultural and child nutrition programs primarily through two omnibus bills that are each reauthorized approximately every five years—the U.S. Farm Bill and the Child Nutrition Reauthorization. This chapter discusses each of these laws, the histories behind their enactment, and current efforts in each bill designed to foster a sound agricultural economy, improved public health outcomes, and a more effective National School Lunch Program.
Fresh Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation for Focal Chondral Defect of the Humerus Associated With Anchor Arthropathy and Failed SLAP Repair

Isolated, full-thickness articular cartilage lesions of the glenohumeral joint can cause pain, mechanical symptoms, and impaired function. Reports on operative management of these injuries with arthroscopic techniques, such as marrow stimulation, have shown improvement in patient symptoms. In cases where the subchondral bone is involved, osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation has shown positive results for contained, focal cartilage defects. The technique for OCA transplantation to treat Hill-Sachs lesions has been reported in detail, and there are multiple case series reporting on the outcomes of OCA used for this purpose. This Technical Note shows the application of OCA to treat a case of anchor arthropathy where a glenoid anchor placed during arthroscopic stabilization causes iatrogenic damage to the humeral head. This type of injury can result in cartilage lesions in uncommon locations, such as on the posterior humeral head. In this description, the technical pearls and pitfalls of managing difficult-to-access posterior humeral head lesions are presented along with the senior authors' general technique for OCA to treat focal lesions of the humeral head cartilage.
Full Skeleton Stature Estimation

Abstract Stature estimated from skeletal remains is a common parameter in forensics used to aid in the identification of decedents. The anatomical method is an adult stature estimation technique that involves the measurement of several skeletal elements that contribute to total standing height. This chapter summarizes the history of the anatomical method, reviews its key developments, presents critical analysis of recent relevant published reports, and offers recommendations. Issues such as age-related stature decline, cadaver stature, and tissue correction factors are discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of the method are also considered.
Patient and health care worker perceptions of daily use of ultraviolet-C technology as an adjunct to daily cleaning in an academic hospital: Secondary study of Ultra Violet-C Light Evaluation as an Adjunct to Removing Multi-Drug Resistant Organisms.

A cluster randomized crossover trial is in progress at The Johns Hopkins Hospital to investigate the impact of daily ultraviolet (UV)-C light disinfection on the acquisition of health care–associated pathogens. To understand perceptions and challenges to daily use of UV-C, we surveyed health care workers (HCWs) and patients. Most HCWs think daily UV-C decreases the patients' risk of acquiring infection. Daily UV-C is acceptable to patients and may enhance their overall hospital experience.
A Multifunctional Pincer Ligand for Cobalt‐Promoted Oxidation by N2O

The divalent cobalt complex of the diprotic pincer ligand bis-pyrazolylpyridine, (H2 L)CoCl2 , is dehydrohalogenated twice by LiN(SiMe3 )2 in the presence of PEt3 to give monomeric S=1/2 LCo(PEt3 )2 (1), fully characterized in the solid-state and solution as a square pyramidal monomer with a long axial Co-P bond. This 17-electron species reacts in time of mixing with N2 O to form L2 Co2 (μ-OPEt3 ) (2)+3 OPEt3 , the former the first example of phosphine oxide bridging two transition metals. The same products are formed from O2 , and divalent cobalt persists even in the presence of excess oxidant. Species (2) catalyzes oxygen atom transfer (OAT) for generation of O=PEt3 from PEt3 from either N2 O or O2 . Bridging and terminal cobalt oxo intermediates are suggested, and the electron donor power, and potential redox activity of the dianionic pincer ligand is emphasized.
Novice-friendly authoring of plan-based interactive storyboards

Story Canvas is a visual authoring tool for the creation of interactive, generative stories. Aimed at authors without a technical background in computational storytelling, our system takes an existing author goal-based narrative planning architecture and adds a highly visual authoring and reading interface to the technology, using the language of storyboards and comics as a framework for both authoring and interacting with the resulting narratives. In this paper we describe Story Canvas and its evolution from our previous authoring work, including how our interface choices have been driven by our previous experiences with non-technical authors, and describe the details of translating the visual authoring constructs into story plans within the story generator.
Depression in patients with a metastatic cancer: Analysis of 796,072 cases.

6572Background: Cancer diagnosis often triggers depression among patients, and depression is associated with poor health behavior as well as poorer overall prognosis. The purpose of this study was ...
Joyriders: Geography and Identity

This chapter focuses on Reid’s 1986 play Joyriders and centers the discussion of the play around Reid’s creation of vivid locations and places through her use of songs, setting, and dialogue. This analysis is followed by a discussion of productions of the play at the Tricycle Theatre, London; its subsequent tour throughout Northern Ireland and England; its Dublin production at The Project Theatre; and its production at the Lyric Belfast almost ten years after its premiere.
Prediction for the singlet-triplet excitation energy for the spinel MgTi 2 O 4 using first-principles diffusion Monte Carlo

The spinel ${\mathrm{MgTi}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ undergoes a transition into a dimerized state at low temperatures that is expected to be a spin singlet. However, no signature of a singlet-triplet transition has been discovered, in part due to the difficulty of predicting the energy of the transition from theory. We find that the dimers of ${\mathrm{MgTi}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ can be described by a Heisenberg model with very small interactions between different dimers. Using high-accuracy first-principles quantum Monte Carlo combined with a model-fitting approach, we predict the singlet-triplet gap of these dimers to be 350(50) meV, a higher energy than previous experimental observations have considered. The prediction is published in advance of experimental confirmation.
Influence of increasing carbonate saturation in Atlantic bottom water during the late Miocene

Abstract The late Miocene witnessed the tectonic uplift of the Isthmus of Panama, the onset of modern-like thermohaline circulation, changes in global patterns of deep-sea sedimentation, and a negative shift of ~1‰ in the carbon isotopic composition (δ13C) of marine carbonate sediments. Although previous work has attributed the late Miocene carbon isotopic shift (LMCS) to biological and environmental factors, the reasons for this apparent shift in the global carbon cycle remain incompletely understood. Here we combine both core-based sedimentological and isotopic data from three Walvis Ridge sites in the southeastern Atlantic Ocean with macrostratigraphic data from the entire Atlantic basin to show that the LMCS marks the establishment of modern, glacial/interglacial seawater carbonate saturation levels in the Atlantic. Between 10 and 7 million years ago (Ma) the Atlantic Ocean shows a trend of increasing seafloor area preserving deep-sea carbonate sediments. Neogene carbonate sedimentation in the Atlantic Ocean peaked at 7 Ma, coinciding with a δ13C shift of approximately −0.8‰ in Walvis Ridge benthic foraminifera, similar to the magnitude of LMCS. Northern-sourced waters in the late Miocene likely shifted seawater carbonate chemistry throughout the Atlantic basin by introducing bottom waters with higher carbonate ion concentrations. LMCS reflects the introduction of a carbonate ion effect on North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) by increasing Northern Hemisphere glacial carbonate weathering. A carbonate ion flux to the Labrador Seawater contribution of NADW raises the possibility of a carbonate burial-mediated feedback with the global climate system that led to additional cooling during the Miocene-Pliocene transition.
A Tetrazolium-Linked Cytochemical Method for Estimation of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Activity in Individual Erythrocytes: Applications in the Study of Heterozygotes for Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency

A new method is described for the graded estimation of G6PD activity in individual erythrocytes. The method appears to offer some technical advantages over other methods. It requires reagents that are neither hazardous nor unstable and such equipment as might be found in the usual hematology laboratory. It appears to be more sensitive than conventional methods for identification of women heterozygous for G6PD deficiency and further substantiates the existence of erythrocyte mosaicism in such individuals.
Personas for the translational workforce.

Twelve evidence-based profiles of roles across the translational workforce and two patients were made available through clinical and translational science (CTS) Personas, a project of the Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) Program National Center for Data to Health (CD2H). The persona profiles were designed and researched to demonstrate the key responsibilities, motivators, goals, software use, pain points, and professional development needs of those working across the spectrum of translation, from basic science to clinical research to public health. The project’s goal was to provide reliable documents that could be used to inform CTSA software development projects, educational resources, and communication initiatives. This paper presents the initiative to create personas for the translational workforce, including the methodology, engagement strategy, and lessons learned. Challenges faced and successes achieved by the project may serve as a roadmap for others searching for best practices in the creation of Persona profiles.
Shear exfoliation of graphite into graphene nanoflakes directly within polyetheretherketone and a spectroscopic study of this high modulus, lightweight nanocomposite

Abstract This research demonstrates a general approach to produce graphene enhanced polymer matrix composites (G-PMCs) using in situ shear exfoliation of mined graphite directly within molten thermoplastic polymer. It is found that shear exfoliation of 35 wt % graphite within polyetheretherketone (PEEK) after multipass processing creates graphene nanoflakes (GNFs) that are uniformly distributed and bonded to PEEK, resulting in a nearly 400% increase in tensile modulus. Morphology images show surface crystallization of PEEK on GNF surfaces, very good planar adhesion, and size reduction of GNFs in both the c-axis direction and in diameter due to fracture across the basal plane. Spectroscopic analysis from Raman and XPS spectra indicate in-situ formation of chemical bonding between created GNFs and PEEK. This shear exfoliation melt-mixing method allows high GNF concentration, intimate particle-matrix interaction, in situ functionalization, and provides a platform changing technology for lightweight, stiff PMCs with low raw materials costs, tunable properties, and simple part fabrication methods.
OpenVX and Real-Time Certification: The Troublesome History

Many computer-vision (CV) applications used in autonomous vehicles rely on historical results, which introduce cycles in processing graphs. However, existing response-time analysis breaks down in the presence of cycles, either by failing completely or by drastically sacrificing parallelism or CV accuracy. To address this situation, this paper presents a new graph-based task model, based on the recently ratified OpenVX standard, that includes historical requirements and their induced cycles as first-class concepts. Using this model, response-time bounds for graphs that may contain cycles are derived. These bounds expose a tradeoff between responsiveness and CV accuracy that hinges on the extent of allowed parallelism. This tradeoff is illustrated via a CV case study involving pedestrian tracking. In this case study, the methods proposed in this paper enabled significant improvements in both analytical and observed response times, with acceptable CV accuracy, compared to prior methods.
The Clinical Challenge of Clonal Hematopoiesis, a Newly Recognized Cardiovascular Risk Factor.

Importance Despite current standards of cardiovascular care, a considerable residual burden of risk remains in both primary and secondary prevention. Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) has recently emerged as a common, potent, age-associated, independent risk factor for myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure events, and survival following percutaneous aortic valve intervention. The presence of CHIP results from the acquisition of somatic mutations in a small number of leukemia driver genes found in bone marrow stem cells, leading to the expansion of leukocytes clones in peripheral blood. The association between CHIP and cardiovascular disease likely involves activation of the inflammasome pathway. More common DNA sequencing identifies individuals with CHIP who then seek advice regarding management of their cardiovascular risk. Observations Using clinical vignettes based on real encounters, we highlight some of the diverse presentations of CHIP, ranging from incidental identification to that detected during cancer care, that have brought patients to the attention of cardiovascular practitioners. We illustrate how we have applied a consensus-based approach to the evaluation and management of cardiovascular risk in specific patients with CHIP. Since we currently lack evidence to guide the management of these individuals, we must rely on expert opinion while awaiting data to furnish a firmer foundation for our recommendations. Conclusions and Relevance These vignettes illustrate that the management of CHIP should involve an individualized plan based on features such as comorbidities, life expectancy, and other traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Because individuals with CHIP will increasingly seek advice from cardiovascular specialists regarding management, these examples provide a template for approaches based on a multidisciplinary perspective. The current need for reliance on expert opinion illustrates a great need for further investigation into the management of this newly recognized contributor to residual cardiovascular risk, both in patients who are apparently well and those with established cardiovascular or malignant disease.
Status-Seeking and Nation-Building: The “Piedmont Principle” Revisited

The pursuit of status on the international stage through participation in the Crimean War was critical to Italy’s drive toward unification. Piedmont’s Prime Minster Count Camillo di Cavour’s entry ...
Innate Sulfur Compounds as an Internal Standard forDetermining Vacuum Gas Oil Compositions by APPI FT-ICR MS

Innate sulfur components in high boiling petroleum samples were used as an internal standard for the estimation of the sample’s composition through atmospheric pressure photo ionization (APPI) Four...
Higher prevalence of mood disorders in admitted patients with autism

Abstract Aims Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a disabling psychiatric disorder. About half of the ASD patients present with comorbid psychiatric disorders and may require inpatient psychiatric hospitalization during illness exacerbation ( Munesue et al., 2008 ). The present study examines the prevalence of co-existing psychiatric disorders among adult ASD patients admitted to a psychiatric safety-net hospital. Methods Patients admitted to UT Health Harris County Psychiatric Center between January 2012-December 2013 were enrolled (HSC-MS-14-0274) to the study. Patients diagnosed with ASD based on ICD-9 criteria were identified, and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, including admission diagnoses, were documented. Patients diagnosed with ASD were then divided into three groups based on major admitting diagnosis (mood, psychosis, and other diagnoses) based upon ICD-9 criteria. Results Of 14,253 inpatients, 72 were diagnosed as ASD. 61.1 % of ASD patients had an admitting diagnosis of any mood disorders, 18.1 % with a co-morbid psychotic spectrum disorder, and 20.8 % with other co-morbid admitting disorders. Major diagnostic groups differed significantly for ASD and non-ASD patients (X2 = 540.247, p Conclusions 96.6 % of patients with ASD had a primary psychiatric disorder at admission, and the most common disorder was a mood disorder (61.1 %). Increased readmission rates among adult ASD patients may indicate a higher severity of their condition than those not diagnosed with ASD.
TopPIC Gateway: A Web Gateway for Top-Down Mass Spectrometry Data Interpretation

Top-down mass spectrometry-based proteomics has become the method of choice for identifying and quantifying intact proteoforms in biological samples. We present a web-based gateway for TopPIC suite, a widely used software suite consisting of four software tools for top-down mass spectrometry data interpretation: TopFD, TopPIC, TopMG, and TopDiff. The gateway enables the community to use heterogeneous collection of computing resources that includes high performance computing clusters at Indiana University and virtual clusters on XSEDE’s Jetstream Cloud resource for top-down mass spectral data analysis using TopPIC suite. The gateway will be a useful resource for proteomics researchers and students who have limited access to high-performance computing resources or who are not familiar with interacting with server-side supercomputers.
Acquired Morgagni diaphragmatic hernia and pericardial hernia after cardiac surgery

Abstract Acquired anterior diaphragmatic hernia (ADH) is usually the result of thoracic trauma. Acquired Morgagni-type anterior diaphragmatic hernia is a rare complication after cardiac surgery, especially with associated pericardial hernia. We will present a patient with acquired Morgagni-type hernia and pericardial hernia presumably after previous cardiac surgery successfully treated with laparoscopic Morgagni hernia reduction and repair with mesh onlay as well as prophylactic laparoscopic appendectomy, open epigastric hernia repair, and open umbilical hernia repair.
Ultralight Metallic/Composite Materials with Architected Cellular Structures

Due to the emergence of technologies enabling the fabrication of complex cellular materials, new materials with higher mechanical efficiency than the constituent material have been introduced. Combination of optimized cellular architectures with high-performance metals and composites can result in lightweight materials with mechanical properties previously unattainable at low densities. Consequently, new materials can be designed to maximally fit the target application. There is a wide range of important applications including energy absorption, metamaterial, thermal management, and bioscaffold for ultralight architected cellular metals as well as airframes and shape morphing for ultralight architected cellular composites. Therefore, it is of importance to propose a nearly exact and highly efficient methodology to study low-mass metal and composite systems with architected cellular structures. We present the simplest initial computational framework for the analysis, design, and topology optimization of such cellular materials. In the present methodology, the repetitive Representative Volume Element (RVE) approach is employed to model the actual cellular metallic/composite micro-lattices. Each member of the cellular material is modeled using only one finite beam element with 12 degrees of freedom (DOF), and the nonlinear coupling of axial, bidirectional-bending, and torsional deformations is studied for each spatial three-dimensional (3D) beam element. The large deformation analysis of the cellular strut members is performed utilizing mixed variational principle in the updated Lagrangian co-rotational reference frame. The explicit form of the stiffness matrix is calculated under the effect of plasticity for the case of the cellular metals and under the effect of nonlinear flexible connections for the case of the cellular composites. Then, we use newly proposed homotopy methods to solve the algebraic equations.
From Below in Theory, from Above in Practice: Whites Provide Dakota Perspectives

This chapter completes analysis of the two-panel fulcrum designed to balance settler and Dakota perspectives in the Conflict and Remembrance traveling exhibit commemorating Minnesota’s U.S.-Dakota War of 1862 during its 2012 sesquicentennial. Looking closely into the pedagogy that shaped white students’ writing on “Dakota perspectives,” the chapter shows complex ways students were recruited toward white justice as fairness both in the classroom and in extra-institutional white spaces beyond their instructors’ purview. Textual analysis of student exhibit panels reveals narratives that tell U.S.-Dakota War history authoritatively from above rather than compassionately from below, erasing perspectives of indigenous women and children one student writer hoped to incorporate. Inevitably, this effect sparked reenactment of historic racial divides when the exhibit was unveiled to the public, exposing ways students had been implicitly positioned to defend white (intellectual) property rather than engage critical social justice education on the war.
Strain specific persistence in the murine lung of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia causes an Allergic Broncho-Pulmonary Aspergillosis-like disease phenotype

Aspergillus fumigatus is a filamentous fungus which can cause multiple diseases in humans. Allergic Broncho-pulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA) is a disease diagnosed primarily in Cystic Fibrosis patients caused by a severe allergic response often to long-term A. fumigatus colonization in the lungs. Mice develop an allergic response to repeated inhalation of A. fumigatus spores; however, no strains have been identified that can survive long-term in the mouse lung and cause ABPA-like disease. We characterized A. fumigatus strain W72310 by whole genome sequencing and in vitro and in vivo viability assays in comparison to a common reference strain, CEA10. W72310 was resistant to leukocyte-mediated killing and persisted in the mouse lung longer than CEA10, a phenotype that correlated with greater resistance to oxidative stressors, hydrogen peroxide and menadione, in vitro. In animals both sensitized and challenged with W72310, conidia, but not hyphae, were viable in the lungs for up to 21 days in association with eosinophilic airway inflammation, airway leakage, serum IgE, and mucus production. W72310-sensitized mice that were recall-challenged with conidia had increased inflammation, Th1 and Th2 cytokines, and airway leakage compared to controls. Collectively, our studies demonstrate that a unique strain of A. fumigatus resistant to leukocyte killing can persist in the mouse lung in conidial form and elicit features of ABPA-like disease.
Moment-by-moment tracking of naturalistic learning and its underlying hippocampo-cortical interactions

Every day our memory system achieves a remarkable feat: We form lasting memories of stimuli that were only encountered once. Here we investigate such learning as it naturally occurs during story listening, with the goal of uncovering when and how memories are stored and retrieved during processing of continuous, naturalistic stimuli. In behavioral experiments we confirm that, after a single exposure to a naturalistic story, participants can learn about its structure and are able to recall upcoming words in the story. In patients undergoing electrocorticographic recordings, we then track mnemonic information in high frequency activity (70 – 200 Hz) as patients listen to a story twice. In auditory processing regions we demonstrate the rapid reinstatement of upcoming information after a single exposure; this neural measure of predictive recall correlates with behavioral measures of event segmentation and learning. Connectivity analyses on the neural data reveal information-flow from cortex to hippocampus at the end of events. On the second time of listening information-flow from hippocampus to cortex precedes moments of successful reinstatement.
Contemporaneous mundanity and pornography regulation by indifference

This essay examines the historical legacy of the decision by corporate video rental stores to not carry adult tapes. Connecting those decisions and their cultural impacts to the contemporary polici...
Software Security with Hardware in Mind

Software is ubiquitous, spanning from our everyday life to space station. With a significant increase in the processing power of modern computing devices, the number of software that deals with sensitive data rises exponentially, providing incentives for performing attacks against these systems. The devices may face various adversarial attacks based on cache side channel, Spectre, Meltdown, Ransomware, buffer and integer overflow, etc. The primary objective of software security is to enhance security in such a way so that software becomes resilient against various malicious attacks during run-time. However, many software-based approaches have been implemented to protect the software from the adversarial attacks. Unfortunately, these techniques cannot provide comprehensive protection as most software vulnerabilities arise not only for the development faults but also for weak hardware architecture. Additionally, software-based approaches may create backdoors for future attacks. Therefore, it is not practical to enhance security only from a software or hardware point of view in a mutually exclusive fashion. This chapter explores various software and hardware vulnerabilities to understand the potential exploitable scenarios better and protect the software from hardware and software perspectives.
Thermocouple Attachment Methodology for Memory

The importance and memory cooling has increased dramatically due to higher thermal design power coupled with narrowed module pitch. The ability to accurately predict and validate memory cooling capabilities has therefore become more and more critical in system thermal design.When DRAM case temperature is measured with thermocouple, due to the low conductivity of the DRAM surface material and thermocouple attachment process, significant measurement variation of up to ±20% has been observed even from a single operator. In this paper, a measurement capability analysis is performed to identify an optimal temperature measurement method for better repeatability and reproducibility. Multiple thermocouple attachment methods are investigated including epoxy (OMEGABOND™ 101 Two Part Epoxy), super glue, Kapton tape, and copper tape. Wire gauge and thermocouple type sensitivity are also analyzed.The testing results show that the most consistent method for measuring DRAM package temperature is to use copper tape to attach a thermocouple. The measurement variation is <5% among four different operators with ten thermocouple attachments each. However, the temperature measurement is consistently lower than the highest reading of other methods due to the higher contact resistance between the Thermocouple and the DRAM surface. The proposed optimal methodology is to: (1) Measure the DRAM temperature with the most consistent and easy-to-instrument method, which is to use copper tape to attach 30-gage Type-J thermocouple wire. (2) Apply a correction factor to come up with the actual DRAM case temperature. The correction factor comes from a calibration curve obtained with a more accurate attachment method that is however difficult-to-instrument and suffers from low reproducibility. With this methodology, a consistent DIMM cooling prediction could be obtained across sites which enables optimal system thermal design that supports different types of memory modules accordingly.The same methodology could be applied to other electronic devices which have similar low-conductivity surfaces.
Microsystem for remote sensing of high energy radiation with associated extremely low photon flux densities

This paper presents a microsystem for remote sensing of high energy radiation in extremely low flux density conditions. With wide deployment in mind, potential applications range from nuclear non-proliferation, to hospital radiation-safety. The daunting challenge is the low level of photon flux densities – emerging from a Scintillation Crystal (SC) on to a ~1 mm-square detector, which are a factor of 10000 or so lower than those acceptable to recently reported photonic chips (including ‘single-photon detection’ chips), due to a combination of low Lux, small detector size, and short duration SC output pulses – on the order of 1 μs. These challenges are attempted to be overcome by the design of an innovative ‘System on a Chip’ type microchip, with high detector sensitivity , and effective coupling from the SC to the photodetector. The microchip houses a tiny n+ diff p-epi photodiode (PD) as well as the associated analog amplification and other related circuitry, all fabricated in 0.5micron, 3-metal 2-poly CMOS technology. The amplification, together with pulse-shaping of the photocurrent-induced voltage signal, is achieved through a tandem of two capacitively coupled, double-cascode amplifiers. Included in the paper are theoretical estimates and experimental results.
The Use of Hybrid Fuel in a Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine

The underlying objective of this program is to reduce the use of petroleum-derived fuels and/or to minimize the processing requirements of the finished hybrid fuels. Several hybrid fuel formulations have been developed and tested in a direct injection single-cylinder diesel engine. The formulations included solutions of ethanol and vegetable oils in diesel fuel, emulsions of methanol and of ethanol in diesel fuel; and slurries of starch, cellulose, and "carbon" in diesel fuel.
A Separation Theorem

Our mathematical travels take us next to a quite different part of topology. It is called general topology or point-set topology and it seeks to discover properties of topological spaces that hold for very broad classes of spaces. A substantial part of the subject concerns spaces that are not necessarily metric and this will be the case of the theorem we will discuss here; it holds for any compact topological space. When we come to apply the theorem, it will be in the setting of metric spaces, because all the spaces that will arise in the analytic context are metric. However, a proof that made use of a metric would be unnecessarily complicated; since the property has nothing to do with distance, there is no point in bringing it up.
Nonlinear transmission of light through biological suspensions

We study nonlinear light propagation through suspensions of Synechococcus cells. Such cyanobacteria in aqueous solution enable self-focusing and -defocusing of a light beam, leading to controlled transmission despite extremely low absorption and weak polarizability.
Functional Morphology of Epithelium of the Small Intestine

The sections in this article are: 1 General Considerations 1.1 Supporting Elements of Epithelium 1.2 Compartmentalization of Epithelium 1.3 Contribution of the Paracellular Pathway to Secretion and Absorption 1.4 Polarity of Epithelial Cells 2 Structure of “Absorbing” Epithelial Cells 2.1 Villus Absorptive Cells 2.2 M Cells 3 Structure of “Secreting” Epithelial Cells 3.1 Undifferentiated Crypt Cells 3.2 Goblet Cells 3.3 Enteroendocrine Cells 3.4 Paneth Cells 4 Structure of Epithelial Cells not Currently known to have Absorptive or Secretory Function 4.1 Tuft Cells 4.2 Cup Cells
A thirty-seven-year survey of ectopic pregnancy

Abstract 1. 1. Two hundred sixty-six consecutive cases of ectopic pregnancy without mortality have been reported. 2. 2. The trend in mortality rates in ectopic pregnancy was reviewed. 3. 3. Conclusions were drawn. Finally, we feel impelled to quote the closing remark of our 1947 report: “That we did not have a single death due to embolism or other so-called unavoidable complications, we credit to good fortune.”