cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Phosphorus, nitrogen, and the designated uses of Florida lakes

Bachmann RW, Bigham DL, Hoyer MV, Canfield DE Jr. 2012. Phosphorus, nitrogen, and the designated uses of Florida lakes. Lake Reserv Manage. 28:46–58. We reviewed published information on the biology of Florida lakes to determine what concentrations of total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) might impair their designated uses. For the designated use of swimming, lake users preferred oligotrophic to mesotrophic lakes. Eutrophic lakes in Florida generally support their designated use of the propagation and maintenance of a healthy, well-balanced population of fish and wildlife. Fish standing crops in Florida lakes increased as the concentrations of TP increased from 1 to 1000 µg/L. Florida lakes did not show the kind of changes in fish species with trophic state as might be found in northern lakes. Populations of aquatic birds and alligators also increased with increases in trophic state. Benthic macroinvertebrate indices of lake condition were not related to anthropogenic nutrient pollution when estimated by the Landscape Development Intensity index. We found no evidence that the concentrations of TP and TN in the water were responsible for excessive populations of aquatic macrophytes. A study of open-water concentrations of the cyanobacterial toxin microcystin in 187 Florida lakes found only 3 individual water samples collected from 2 lakes exceeded the World Health Organization guidance level of 20 µg/L for swimming, although high levels of microcystin can sometimes be found in some lakes in surface accumulations of cyanobacteria.
Progression and Regression of Atherosclerotic Lesions. Monitoring With Serial Noninvasive Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Background— Modification or stabilization of atherosclerotic plaques has been proposed as the mechanism responsible for the beneficial clinical effect of lipid-lowering therapies. An imaging modality able to quantify atherosclerotic plaque composition could potentially allow not only the identification of these vulnerable atherosclerotic lesions, but also monitoring of the effects of therapeutic interventions on plaque composition. Our aim was to monitor changes in burden and composition of atherosclerotic plaques in a rabbit model of complex atherosclerosis using serial noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods and Results— Aortic atherosclerotic lesions were induced in rabbits and the animals randomized to continue an atherogenic diet (atherosclerosis progression) or resume normal chow (atherosclerosis regression) for 6 months. MRI of the aorta was performed at 3 time points in each rabbit, as follows: baseline, after atherosclerosis induction (9 months old), and after atherosclerosis regres...
Biological feasibility of measles eradication

Because of the success of global measles control programs, the World Health Organization (WHO), along with its partner agencies, is once again considering the possibility of setting a target date for measles eradication. Measles would be the fourth viral agent to be eradicated joining the successful programs to eradicate smallpox and rinderpest virus, and the continuing effort to eradicate polio virus. A description of the recent progress toward measles eradication was recently published as a supplement in the Journal of Infectious Diseases (15 July, 2011, 204 (Suppl. 1)) and the reader is referred to this document for a detailed summary of the global status of measles control. This review will focus on the biologic and virologic aspects of measles eradication.
VISCOSITY STUDIES OF SYSTEM CaO‐MgO‐Al2O3‐SiO2: II, CaO‐Al2O3‐SiO2*

Viscosity data are presented covering those compositions in the CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 system which are liquid at 1500°C. The pattern of isokoms on the CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 face of the compositional tetrahedron which represents the CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 system is a system of lines which roughly parallel the lines along which the lime content is constant. There are, however, considerable deviations from this parallelism in regions of very low and very high alumina content.
A rule-based approach for merging generalization hierarchies

Abstract We describe the underlying operators and rules of an interactive procedure for merging generalization hierarchies. This procedure assists a designer in defining a global view which is a view over multiple databases. The small collection of operators permit: 1. (1) connecting generalization hierarchies to form a new hierarchy, 2. (2) adding and deleting subhierarchies 3. (3) deleting intermediate levels. The merging procedure applies the rules in two phases. In the connecting phase, the input generalization hierarchies are connected to form a new hierarchy. The input hierarchies are typically connected at their roots but may be connected at nonroot nodes. In the subtree merging phase, the new generalization hierarchy is revised according to equivalence assertions about the attributes of the subtypes. The rules are described in detail for the case of binary merging. Extensions for the general m -way case are briefly outlined. This set of rules can form the basis of a rule-based expert system.
Depletion Kinetics of Chromium Atoms by Sulfur Dioxide

The gas-phase depletion kinetics of Cr(a7S3, a5S2, a5DJ) in the presence of SO2 are reported. Chromium atoms were produced by the 248 nm photodissociation of chromium carbonyl and were detected by laser-induced fluorescence. The ground state of Cr, a7S3, was found to react rapidly via a termolecular mechanism with SO2. At 297 K, the limiting low-pressure third-order rate constant is ko = (2.68 ± 0.41) × 10-28 cm6 molecule-2 s-1, and the limiting high-pressure second-order rate constant is k∞ = (2.73 ± 0.38) × 10-10 cm3 molecule-1 s-1; the uncertainties represent ±1σ in precision. ko was found to decrease with increasing temperature. The binding energy of CrSO2 is estimated at 53 kcal mol-1 from combining the kinetic results with unimolecular rate theory and density functional theory. Cr(a5S2) depleted with a rate constant of k = 6.32 × 10-10 cm3 molecule-1 s-1, and the a5DJ spin/orbit states depleted at the collision rate of 2.97 × 10-10 cm3 molecule-1 s-1; overall uncertainties are estimated at ≤35%. Bot...
Cytogenetic changes at 11q11, 11q23, and 17q11 in myelodysplastic syndrome.

Cytogenetic studies were performed on two patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. One patient was a 68 year old Japanese male in whose bone marrow cells two translocations were established, i.e., t(4;11)(q13;q23) and t(11;17)(q11?;q11), as well as other karyotypic changes (-6,-18,15p+). The other patient was a 74 year old white male whose bone marrow cells showed six marker chromosomes, i.e., der(5),t(5;17)(q12;q11), der(6),t(6;5)(q27;q22), der(8),t(8;11;?)(q11;q11----q23;?), der(11),t(11;?)(q11;?), an isochromosome of the long arm of chromosome #8, and a small G-group sized marker chromosome of unknown origin. Though the translocation patterns in the abnormal cells in these two cases were different, the breakpoints of the marker chromosomes were almost the same, i.e., 11q11, 11q23, and 17q11. Also, changes of chromosome #6 were observed; the first case showed monosomy 6 and the second a 6q+ marker chromosome. In these two cases of myelodysplastic syndromes, common sites of chromosome breakage and reunion of 11q23 and 17q11 were close to recently established sites of human cellular oncogene homologs, c-ets (11q23) and c-erbA (17q21----24). These associations draw attention to a possible relationship between chromosome changes in myelodysplastic syndromes and oncogene (or other gene) activation and/or dysfunction.
Jesuit Rings of Metals Other Than Brass

Jesuit rings are usually described as made of brass, but an occasional reference to silver rings appears in the literature. A re-examination of the information on silver rings indicates that some of the identifications as silver were mistaken while others may actually refer to white metal.
Molecular Cloning and Functional Analysis of Polyphosphoinositide-dependent Phospholipase D, PLDβ, from Arabidopsis

A novel plant phospholipase D (PLD; EC 3.1.4.4) activity, which is dependent on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and nanomolar concentrations of calcium, has been identified in Arabidopsis. This report describes the cloning, expression, and characterization of an Arabidopsis cDNA that encodes this PLD. We have designated names of PLDbeta for this PIP2-dependent PLD and PLDalpha for the previously characterized PIP2-independent PLD that requires millimolar Ca2+ for optimal activity. The PLDbeta cDNA contains an open reading frame of 2904 nucleotides coding for a 968-amino acid protein of 108,575 daltons. Expression of this PLDbeta cDNA clone in Escherichia coli results in the accumulation of a functional PLD having PLDbeta, but not PLDalpha, activity. The activity of the expressed PLDbeta is dependent on PIP2 and submicromolar amounts of Ca2+, inhibited by neomycin, and stimulated by a soluble factor from plant extracts. Sequence analysis reveals that PLDbeta is evolutionarily divergent from PLDalpha and that its N terminus contains a regulatory Ca2+-dependent phospholipid-binding (C2) domain that is found in a number of signal transducing and membrane trafficking proteins.
Characterization of ceramic films and interfaces by electron microscopic and spectroscopic techniques

Abstract An understanding of the microstructural and chemical nature of thin films and film-substrate interfaces is of growing interest and importance. Of critical interest is the determination of the mechanisms for interfacial bonding and how it is affected by deposition methodology and conditions. In this study, Auger electron spectroscopy, in combination with inert-gas ion-milling and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, was employed to investigate the chemical and microstructural characteristics of a TiN film on an M50 steel substrate and the film-substrate interfaces formed during ion-plating at 100 and 500°C deposition temperatures. The results of both analytical technique indicated that the coating produced at 100°C was composed of a thin Ti layer (approximately 100 A) and a thick TiN layer. Upon vacuum annealing at 500 ° C for 45 min, the Ti-rich interlayer was transformed into a TiC phase. The coating produced at 500°C consisted of a thin TiC layer and a relatively thick TiN layer. Ion-plating as well as post-vacuum annealing at 500°C resulted in grain growth and reduced defect density.
An unusual case of rhabdomyosarcoma presenting as orbital apex syndrome.

Summary Precis: A 12-year-old female presented with symptoms and signs of orbital apex syndrome (OAS), secondary to stage IV alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) originating in the sphenoid and ethmoid sinuses. Objective: To present a case of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, unusual in its presentation as orbital apex syndrome and also its origin from the sphenoid and ethmoid sinuses. Design: Observational case report. Methods: Ophthalmologic findings, neuroimaging, medical and surgical intervention, histopathologic analysis, and clinical course are described. Results: A 12-year-old female presented with progressive visual loss in her left eye, difficulty with eye movements, and mild headache. Her examination was consistent with orbital apex syndrome. Imaging with contrast revealed a mass originating in the left sphenoid and ethmoid sinuses invading the left optic canal. Emergent biopsy was interpreted as alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma; subsequent metastatic work-up revealed bone marrow metastases. The patient was diagnosed with stage IV alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma and immediately started on combination orbital radiation therapy (RT) and systemic chemotherapy. She experienced gradual improvement of ocular motility, though her optic neuropathy persisted. Conclusion: Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma of paranasal origin, specifically from the sphenoid and ethmoid sinuses, should be included in the differential diagnosis for orbital apex syndrome in children.
3-benzoyl-2-quinolinecarboxaldehyde: A novel fluorogenic reagent for the high-sensitivity chromatographic analysis of primary amines.

Abstract 3-Benzoyl-2-quinolinecarboxaldehyde has been synthesized and characterized for use as a precolumn fluorogenic reagent for the ultrahigh sensitivity determination of primary amines by micro-column liquid chromatography with laser-induced fluorescence detection. The reaction conditions and the spectral properties of the derivatives were investigated with standard amino-acids. The detection limits, with an HeCd laser operated at 442 nm, are in the low femtogram range. The linear dynamic range is at least three orders of magnitude. The separation of a standard amino-acid mixture and the high-sensitivity analysis of a hydrolysed protein sample are demonstrated.
Effect of permanently charged and uncharged dopaminergic agonists on the potassium-induced release of [3H]acetylcholine from striatal slices.

Abstract The effects of chemical analogs of dopamine, which are permanently charged or which lack a net positive charge, on the potassium-evoked release of [3H]acetylcholine from mouse striatal slices were studied in order to determine whether a positive charge on the dopamine agonist molecule is required to activate dopaminergic receptors. The striatal slices were first preincubated with [3H]choline, transferred to a superfusion chamber, and then superfused in physiological medium. [3H]Acetylcholine release was evoked by exposure of the slices to a high potassium medium and potential dopamine agonist drugs were added to the medium 10 min before superfusing with high potassium. A permanently charged quaternary ammonium analog and dimethylselenonium analog of dopamine inhibited the potassium-evoked release of [3H]acetylcholine, and this inhibition was antagonized by sulpiride, a dopamine receptor antagonist. However, this inhibition was not antagonized by reserpine and α-methyl-p-tyrosine, which was shown to completely antagonize the inhibitory effect of amphetamine, an indirectly acting amine. This suggests that the charged dopamine analogs are acting directly on dopaminergic receptors. In contrast to the permanently charged dopamine analogs, analogs of dopamine with no net positive charge produced no inhibition of the potassium-evoked [3H]acetylcholine release. These in vitro observations are in agreement with a behavioral model in which a permanently uncharged mono-methylsulfide analog of dopamine was ineffective in eliciting circling behavior after its unilateral injection into the striatum of rats in which dopamine neurons were previously lesioned by the injection of 6-hydroxydopamine into the medial forebrain bundle. In contrast, under these same conditions, the intrastriatal injection of the charged quaternary ammonium or dimethylsulfonium analog of dopamine elicited intense contralateral circling. These results suggest that the charged form of a dopamine agonist molecule is required to bind to and activate the dopamine receptor regulating [3H]acetylcholine release and circling behavior.
Direct detection of genomic DNA by enzymatically amplified SPR imaging measurements of RNA microarrays.

A novel surface enzymatic reaction scheme that amplifies the optical response of RNA microarrays to the binding of complementary DNA is developed for the direct detection and analysis of genomic DNA. The enzyme RNase H is shown to selectively and repeatedly destroy RNA from DNA−RNA heteroduplexes on gold surfaces; when used in conjunction with the label-free technique of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) imaging, DNA oligonucleotides can be detected at a concentration of 1 fM. This enzymatically amplified SPR imaging methodology is then utilized to detect and identify the presence of the TSPY gene in human genomic DNA without PCR amplification.
Effect of Time of Artificial Insemination on Pregnancy Rates, Calving Rates, Pregnancy Loss, and Gender Ratio After Synchronization of Ovulation in Lactating Dairy Cows

In order to assess the optimal time of artificial insemination (AI) in relation to ovulation, lactating dairy cows (n = 732) from herds with rolling herd averages of 9980 to 11,800 kg from three milkings per day were randomly assigned to five groups by stage of lactation and parity. Ovulation was synchronized by administration of GnRH followed 7 d later with PGF2a followed 2 d later with a second treatment with GnRH. Cows were inseminated at 0, 8, 16, 24, or 32 h after the second injection of GnRH (ovulation occurs between 24 and 32 h after GnRH). Pregnancy diagnoses were performed by ultrasound at 25 to 35 d post-AI. Pregnancy rates per AI were similar for the groups inseminated at 0, 8, 16, and 24 h and lower for the group inseminated at 32 h. A significant quadratic effect of treatment suggests that the middle time periods (8, 16, and 24 h) may produce the greatest pregnancy rate per AI. However, the group inseminated at 0 h had lowest pregnancy loss, and the group inseminated at 32 h tended to have the greatest pregnancy loss compared with that of the other groups. The calving rate was similar between the groups inseminated at 0, 8, 16, and 24 h and lower in the group inseminated at 32 h. The time of AI also appeared to affect gender of calf: cows bred at 0 and 32 h having a higher percentage of female offspring. In conclusion, there appears to be substantial flexibility in the time of AI after the second injection of GnRH, and lower reproductive rates were observed only when AI was after the time of ovulation.
Temperature dependence of Mo-Au Gibbsian segregating alloys

A critical challenge for the success of extreme ultraviolet EUV lithography is to prevent collector mirror surface damage and re- flectivity loss. Plasma debris and radiation damage the mirror and de- grade the reflectivity. We study an innovative approach to the design and fabrication of collector mirror surface materials to improve collector life- time. A Mo-Au Gibbsian segregation GS alloy is developed on silicon using a dc dual-magnetron cosputtering system, and the temperature effect on mirror damage is investigated. Result shows that a thin Au segregating layer is maintained during exposure, even though overall erosion is taking place. The reflective material underneath the segregat- ing layer, Mo, is protected by the Au sacrificial layer, which is preferen- tially sputtered. Both theoretical and experimental studies have been performed to prove the effectiveness of the GS alloys for use as an EUV collector optics material. © 2008 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.
SU-E-J-156: Preclinical Inverstigation of Dynamic Tumor Tracking Using Vero SBRT Linear Accelerator: Motion Phantom Dosimetry Study

Purpose: Following the ‘end-to-end testing’ paradigm of Dynamic Target Tracking option in our Image-Guided dedicated SBRT VeroTM linac, we verify the capability of the system to deliver planned dose to moving targets in the heterogeneous thorax phantom (CIRSTM). The system includes gimbaled C-band linac head, robotic 6 degree of freedom couch and a tumor tracking method based on predictive modeling of target position using fluoroscopically tracked implanted markers and optically tracked infrared reflecting external markers. Methods: 4DCT scan of the motion phantom with the VisicoilTM implanted marker in the close vicinity of the target was acquired, the ‘exhale’=most prevalent phase was used for planning (iPlan by BrainLabTM). Typical 3D conformal SBRT treatment plans aimed to deliver 6-8Gy/fx to two types of targets: a)solid water-equivalent target 3cm in diameter; b)single VisicoilTM marker inserted within lung equivalent material. The planning GTV/CTV-to-PTV margins were 2mm, the block margins were 3 mm. The dose calculated by MonteCarlo algorithm with 1% variance using option Dose-to-water was compared to the ion chamber (CC01 by IBA Dosimetry) measurements in case (a) and GafchromicTM EBT3 film measurements in case (b). During delivery, the target 6 motion patterns available as a standard on CIRSTM motion phantom were investigated: in case (a), the target was moving along the designated sine or cosine4 3D trajectory; in case (b), the inserted marker was moving sinusoidally in 1D. Results: The ion chamber measurements have shown the agreement with the planned dose within 1% under all the studied motion conditions. The film measurements show 98.1% agreement with the planar calculated dose (gamma criteria: 3%/3mm). Conclusion: We successfully verified the capability of the SBRT VeroTM linac to perform real-time tumor tracking and accurate dose delivery to the target, based on predictive modeling of the correlation between implanted marker motion and external surrogate of breathing motion.
Aspherical structure of the core‐mantle boundary from PKP travel times

Maps of aspherical structure in the vicinity of the core-mantle boundary have been constructed from a tomographic analysis of P′DF and P′AB travel times in the distance range 150°-180°. These maps reveal long-wavelength features not previously detected by mantle tomography. The peak-to-peak amplitude of these features is on the order of 1 s in vertical travel time, too large to be explained by conventional thermal boundary layer models or dynamically supported topography on the core-mantle boundary. We hypothesize the existence of one or more chemical boundary layers whose large-scale accumulations on the surface of the core may in some ways be analogous to continents at the earth's surface.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging study of cognitive control in the healthy relatives of schizophrenia patients.

Background The predisposition, or diathesis, to schizophrenia is highly heritable. The manner in which this genetic diathesis is manifest in the central nervous system is largely unknown, although healthy relatives of schizophrenia patients show executive processing deficits associated with prefrontal cortical impairments. Methods The current study evaluated brain activity in 21 healthy relatives of schizophrenia patients and 20 demographically similar control subjects during correct trials on a stimulus-response incompatibility task. During the first part of each trial, participants represented and maintained the instruction for that trial; during the second part, participants used the instruction either to make an automatic response or to overcome this prepotent response. Results Behaviorally, relatives were slower when overcoming the prepotent response. Analyses focused on the first part of the trial indicated that both groups showed activity in middle frontal (Brodmann areas 46 and 9) and anterior cingulate (Brodmann area 32) gyri. However, control subjects showed significantly greater activity in dorsal prefrontal cortex (Brodmann areas 9, 8, and 6) when preparing to overcome the prepotent response, whereas patients’ relatives showed prefrontal activity later, when making the response. Conclusions Using an event-related design showed distinct prefrontal brain abnormalities associated with the genetic diathesis to schizophrenia.
Computing the stability regions of Hill's equation

A numerical scheme is presented for computing the boundaries between the stable and unstable regions of Hill's equation. The approach based on formulating an integral representation of Hill's equation. Thus the problem of finding the boundary between the stable and unstable regions in parameter space is then a spectral problem of an integral operator. Several properties of the operator are derived and an iteration scheme for numerical calculation of the stability boundary is presented. The numerical scheme has a number of advantages over the classical methods for locating the stability boundary. Several examples are presented.
Cryptococcosis associated with low-dose methotrexate for arthritis

One patient with psoriatic arthritis and a second with rheumatoid arthritis were each treated with low-dose methotrexate (10 to 15 mg per week, orally) for more than a year before pulmonary cryptococcosis developed. These are the first case reports of opportunistic fungal disease during this treatment. Low-dose methotrexate may be more immunosuppressive than has been appreciated. Patients demonstrating pneumonitis while receiving this therapy should be carefully evaluated to rule out an infectious cause.
Mathematical) Necessary conditions for the selection of gradient vectors in DTI.

A set of necessary conditions for the choice of diffusion gradient vectors to make the linear equations nonsingular for the estimation of the diffusion matrix are given in a coordinate free manner. The conditions assert that the initial step in the design of a DTI experiment with six or more acquisitions must be to select six valid diffusion gradients first and then add new ones.
Light-dependent Activation of Rod Transducin by Pineal Opsin

The pineal gland expresses a unique member of the opsin family (P-opsin; Max, M., McKinnon, P. J., Seidenman, K. J., Barrett, R. K., Applebury, M. L., Takahashi, J. S., and Margolskee, R. F. (1995) Science 267, 1502‐1506) that may play a role in circadian entrainment and photo-regulation of melatonin synthesis. To study the function of this protein, an epitope-tagged P-opsin was stably expressed in an embryonic chicken pineal cell line. When incubated with 11-cis-retinal, a light-sensitive pigment was formed with a lmax at 462 6 2 nm. P-opsin bleached slowly in the dark (t1/2 5 2 h) in the presence of 50 mM hydroxylamine. Purified P-opsin in dodecyl maltoside activated rod transducin in a light-dependent manner, catalyzing the exchange of more than 300 mol of GTPgS (guanosine 5*-O-(3-thiotriphosphate))/mol of P-opsin. The initial rate for activation (75 mol of GTPgS bound/mol of P-opsin/min at 7 mM) increased with increasing concentrations of transducin. The addition of egg phosphatidylcholine to P-opsin had little effect on the activation kinetics; however, the intrinsic rate of decay in the absence of transducin was accelerated. These results demonstrate that P-opsin is an efficient catalyst for activation of rod transducin and suggest that the pineal gland may contain a rodlike phototransduction cascade.
Numerical Predictions of Stanton Numbers, Skin Friction Coefficients, Aerodynamic Losses, and Reynolds Analogy Behavior for a Transsonic Turbine Vane

ABSTRACT Stanton numbers, skin friction coefficients, aerodynamic losses, and Reynolds analogy behavior are numerically predicted for a turbine vane using the FLUENT commercial code with a k–ϵ RNG model to show the effects of Mach number, mainstream turbulence level, and surface roughness. Test vane geometry, configuration, and flow conditions match ones from a practical application. Comparisons with experimental data on wake aerodynamic losses are made. Numerical and experimental results show that the magnitudes of integrated aerodynamics losses increase dramatically as the exit Mach number increases from 0.35 to 0.71. Downstream wakes are also widened as the mainstream turbulence intensity level, exit Mach number, or level of surface roughness increases. Deviations of numerically predicted 2 St/C f magnitudes from 2 St/C f ≅ 1 on the vane suction and pressure sides are also presented for a variety of flow conditions.
Cyclin A2 regulates nuclear-envelope breakdown and the nuclear accumulation of cyclin B1.

Summary Mitosis is thought to be triggered by the activation of Cdk-cyclin complexes [1, 2]. Here we have used RNA interference (RNAi) to assess the roles of three mitotic cyclins, cyclins A2, B1, and B2, in the regulation of centrosome separation and nuclear-envelope breakdown (NEB) in HeLa cells. We found that the timing of NEB was affected very little by knocking down cyclins B1 and B2 alone or in combination. However, knocking down cyclin A2 markedly delayed NEB, and knocking down both cyclins A2 and B1 delayed NEB further. The timing of cyclin B1-Cdk1 activation was normal in cyclin A2 knockdown cells, and there was no delay in centrosome separation, an event apparently controlled by the activation of cytoplasmic cyclin B1-Cdk1 [3]. However, nuclear accumulation of cyclin B1-Cdk1 was markedly delayed in cyclin A2 knockdown cells. Finally, a constitutively nuclear cyclin B1, but not wild-type cyclin B1, restored normal NEB timing in cyclin A2 knockdown cells. These findings show that cyclin A2 is required for timely NEB, whereas cyclins B1 and B2 are not. Nevertheless cyclin B1 translocates to the nucleus just prior to NEB in a cyclin A2-dependent fashion and is capable of supporting NEB if rendered constitutively nuclear.
Duration of Estrous Cycles Subsequent to Two Injections of Prostaglandin F2α Given at a 14-Day Interval in Nonlactating Holstein Cows

Data from previous experiments in our laboratory indicated that estrous cycles following synchronization with two injections of prostaglandin F2 alpha often averaged more than 21 d. To investigate whether this could be an effect of prostaglandin F2 alpha, 54 mature heifers and nonlactating Holstein cows were used in a crossover experiment in which estrous cycles either occurred spontaneously or followed two injections of prostaglandin F2 alpha at a 14-d interval (induced estrus). One estrous cycle of each type was recorded for each animal. Blood samples were collected twice weekly for analysis of progesterone. Cattle were observed twice daily for estrus with the aid of tail chalking and an androgenized cow. Estrous cycles following induced estrus were longer than those following spontaneous estrus (24.2 vs. 22.7 d). Ninety-two percent of the cycles following spontaneous estrus were 17 to 25 d in duration compared with 71% of the cycles following induced estrus. If the first prostaglandin F2 alpha was given when progesterone was greater than 1 ng/ml, the estrous cycle following treatment was longer than if the first prostaglandin F2 alpha was given when progesterone was less than 1 ng/ml (26.0 vs. 22.6 d). This experiment demonstrates that two injections of prostaglandin F2 alpha increase the incidence of estrous cycles greater than 25 d. Stage of the estrous cycle at time of the first injection of prostaglandin F2 alpha may contribute to this effect.
Basic Parameters of Following and Imprinting in Precocial Birds

Summary Peking ducklings followed one model in preference to another only if they had actually followed the former during a previous training period. However, neither the degree of choice nor the total amount of subsequent following were functions of the amount of initial following (contra “Law of Effort”). Furthermore, a “complexly configured” training model produced a firmer subsequent choice than did a “plain” training model, although modelcharacteristics influenced neither the elicitation of initial following nor the total amount of subsequent following. Temperature “reinforcement” had no effects. Zusammenfassung Stockentchen zogen ein sehr buntes Entenmodell einem weisen nur dann vor, wenn sie jenem wahrend einer vorhergegangenen Dressurzeit wirklich gefolgt waren. Doch hing im Wahlversuch weder der Grad der Bevorzugung noch das Gesamtausmas des Folgens von dem des Dressurfolgens ab, was gegen das “Gesetz der aufgewendeten Anstrengung” spricht. Zudem zogen sie im Wahlversuch das bunte Modell dem weisen vor, obwohl die Merkmale des Modells weder die Bereitschaft zum ersten Folgen noch das Ausmas des zweiten Folgens beeinflusten. Huderwarme fordert die Gute der Pragung nicht.
Paleoecological and biogeographical implications of late Pleistocene noble marten (Martes americana nobilis) in eastern Washington State, USA

A mandible identified as noble marten (Martes americana nobilis) recovered from sediments dating to 11,800 cal yr BP and a humerus identified as M. a. cf. nobilis recovered from sediments dating from 13,100 to 12,500 cal yr BP at the Marmes Rockshelter archaeological site in southeastern Washington represent the first record of this taxon in the state. Mammalian taxa associated with the Marmes Rockshelter noble marten represent a diversity of open mesic habitats corroborating earlier analyses of other records of the noble marten in the western United States and exemplify how paleozoologists determine the ecology and environmental predilections of extinct taxa. The recovery site represents the topographically lowest record of this species in western North America and the farthest north record in the United States. Future research should examine known late-Quaternary Martes spp. remains from British Columbia and Alberta to fill in the 2200-km geographic gap in the known distribution of this taxon between a record in the northern Yukon and those in the western United States, and to refine our knowledge of noble marten paleoecology.
RANDOMISED TRIAL OF PLASMA EXCHANGE IN MILD SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS

Abstract The effects of intensive plasma exchange on the serological and clinical manifestations of mildly active systemic lupus erythematosus were evaluated in a controlled, double-blind trial. Twenty patients were randomised to receive either six 4-litre plasma exchanges or a seemingly identical control procedure over a 2-week period. Plasma exchange produced significant reductions in serum levels of IgG, IgM, IgA, and circulating immune complexes measured by an 125 I-C1q binding assay. These serological measures returned to baseline 4 weeks after plasma exchange without a rebound above baseline values. Antibodies to DNA were reduced immediately after plasma exchange; however, they often returned to pre-treatment levels before the next procedure. No changes in any of the serological measures were observed in the control group. In sixteen of the eighteen patients who completed the clinical trial activity had either remained stable or improved; the frequency and degree of clinical improvement was the same in both plasma exchange and control groups.
Promoting a Department of Peace: An Exploration of Affective States and Political Perceptions

Two studies investigated the relationship between emotions and political proposals affecting national security. Study One examined the extent to which proposals, ostensibly undertaken to produce security, may actually increase anxiety. Participants (N=131) were exposed to proposals for either missile defense or a Department of Peace, which either included or excluded information concerning the proposal's author. Neither proposal affected general anxiety level, but participants exposed to the proposal for missile defense reported feeling less secure that the nation could be protected from attack. Belief in efficacy was relatively low, significantly lower than the modest belief in efficacy reported by those exposed to the proposal for a Department of Peace. Ratings of effectiveness were not significantly biased by author affiliation. Study Two examined the impact of induced affective state on judgments of program efficacy. University students (N = 36) were emotionally primed with comforting or threatening s...
Sensitized Pupillary Dilator and Facial Muscles as Indicators of Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Substances in Blood.

Summary(1) A preparation is described in which sympathomimetic and parasympathomimetic substances could be detected in the blood. (2) Any discharge of either or both of these substances under various physiologic states was indicated by dilatation of the denervated pupil or by contraction in the facial muscles respectively. (3) Under emotional stress, the cat exhibited predominantly sympathetic activity while the monkey showed parasympathetic activity in their denervated structures. (4) The denervated facial muscles were used as indicators of end points in the determinations of rates of hydrolysis by sera and cerebrospinal fluids.
Peak surface strains during strong earthquake motion

Abstract Peak amplitudes of surface strains during strong earthquake ground motion can be approximated by ϵ = Aν max β 1 , where νmax is the corresponding peak particle velocity, β1 is the velocity of shear waves in the surface layer, and A is a site specific scaling function. In a 50 m thick layer with shear wave velocity β1 ∼ 300 m/s, A ∼ 0·4 for the radial strain ϵrr, A ∼ 0·2 for the tangential strain ϵrθ, and A ∼ 1·0 for the vertical strain, ϵz. These results are site specific and representative of strike slip faulting and of soil in Westmoreland, in Imperial Valley, California. Similar equations can be derived for other sites with known shear wave velocity profile versus depth.
Bladder retraining of paraplegic women

Bladder retraining (through use of intermittent catheterisation while learning various voiding techniques) is generally successful in most males with paraplegia, but has not been widespread among paraplegic women, primarily because of the lack of an effective external collecting device. Therefore, more attention needs to be directed toward prevention of incontinence than would be necessary in men. A highly organised bladder retraining programme has evolved at a Mayo Clinic affiliated spinal cord injury rehabilitation unit and bladder retraining has been applied to a majority of paraplegic women who were rehabilitated there. Over an 18 month period 72 women paraplegics were rehabilitated and 40 entered a bladder retraining programme. Bladder retraining was considered significant if the residual urine volumes were reduced to less than 150 ml and there was an absence of significant incontinence. Twenty-seven (67 per cent) were successful. Eighteen of 26 (69 per cent) are women with upper motor neuron detrusor dysfunction who were successful and six of seven (86 per cent) of women with lower motor neuron dysfunctions were successful. However, only three of seven (43 per cent) with mixed neurogenic detrusor dysfunction were successful. Various factors—age, duration of neurogenic bladder, history of indwelling catheter, incontinence grade prior to bladder retraining, bladder capacity, history of urinary tract infections, peak intraurethral pressure, neuroactive drug use, voiding techniques utilised—which could have an influence on success rates will be discussed in detail. Our study indicates that the majority of paraplegic women with neurogenic bladder dysfunctions can be successfully bladder retrained if a highly structured bladder retraining programme is available and utilised.
Occupational airways disease

Abstract Occupational exposures are an important – but probably neglected – cause of airways disease. Nowhere is this more important than in asthma; 10% of all new or recurrent cases of asthma in adulthood can be related to an exposure encountered at work. Pre-existing asthma in which symptoms are provoked at work (‘work-exacerbated asthma') should be carefully distinguished from disease that has arisen de novo as a result of a workplace exposure (‘occupational asthma'); the two pose quite different diagnostic, management and legal issues. A firm diagnosis of occupational asthma requires a low threshold of suspicion, careful attention to a full job history and the judicious application of simple but powerful diagnostic tools. Once a diagnosis is established, appropriate management allows an important opportunity for cure in many cases, although the socio-economic cost to the patient can be high. Airways disease may also arise from toxic exposures to respiratory irritants at work. In most cases, symptoms are self-limiting, but an asthma-like syndrome (‘irritant-induced asthma') occasionally results. Other persistent airways diseases from irritant exposures – such as obliterative bronchiolitis – are rare and require specialist consideration.
Seismic Travel Time Evidence for Lateral Inhomogeneity in the Deep Mantle

We present evidence from seismic travel time data of lateral variations in the properties of the lower mantle. The size of some anomalies is about 1,000 km.
The antifungal antibiotic clotrimazole alters calcium homeostasis of leukemic lymphoblasts and induces apoptosis.

Clotrimazole is an antimycotic imidazole derivative that interferes with cellular Ca2+ homeostasis. We investigated the effects of clotrimazole on acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells. Treatment with 10 μM clotrimazole (a concentration achievable in vivo) reduced cell recovery from cultures of all nine ALL cell lines studied (B-lineage: OP-1, SUP-B15, RS4;11, NALM6, REH, and 380; T-lineage: MOLT4, CCRF-CEM, and CEM-C7). After 4 days of culture, median cell recovery was 10% (range, <1% to 37%) of cell recovery in parallel untreated cultures. Clotrimazole also inhibited recovery of primary ALL cells cultured on stromal feeder layers. After leukemic cells from 16 cases of ALL were cultured for 7 days with 10 μM clotrimazole, median cell recovery was <1% (range, <1% to 16%) of that in parallel untreated cultures. Clotrimazole was active against leukemic cells with genetic abnormalities associated with poor response to therapy and against multidrug-resistant cell lines. In contrast, mature T lymphocytes and bone marrow stromal cells were not affected. Clotrimazole induced depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores in ALL cells, which was followed by apoptosis, as shown by annexin V binding and DNA fragmentation. Thus, clotrimazole is cytotoxic to ALL cells at concentrations achievable in vivo.
Some properties of the protein forming the outer fibers of cilia.

Cilia were isolated from Tetrahymena pyriformis by an ethanol-calcium procedure. Solutions of outer-fiber protein were obtained either by aqueous extraction of an acetone powder of whole cilia, or by dissolving the isolated outer-fibers in 0.6 M KCl. In aqueous solution, the outer-fiber protein has a sedimentation coefficient of 6.0S and a molecular weight of 104,000 ± 14,000. In 5 M guanidine hydrochloride solution the molecular weight falls to 55,000 ± 5,000. After reduction and alkylation in 8 M urea, about 95% of the protein migrates as a single band on electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel at pH 8.9; the migration velocity is identical with that of reduced and alkylated actin. Freshly prepared outer-fiber protein contains about 7.5 sulfhydryl groups per 55,000 g of protein. The amino acid composition of outer-fiber protein resembles that of actin, with such differences as occur being of the same order as those between actins from different species of animal.
Sensing cell-secreted molecules

Fields of medicine and life sciences are constantly evolving and striving for improved understanding of how cells function at an individual level, small ensemble level, and tissue level. Such improved understanding will translate into developing therapeutic strategies as well as approaches for disease diagnosis. Behavior of cells at all levels is shaped in significant part by secreted molecules that serve as cues for proliferation, migration, death, and other cell life-altering events. Improved understanding of what signals released when by which cells requires novel tools for local detection of cell-secreted molecules. This paper reviews recent efforts by bioengineering and bioanalytical chemistry communities to develop biosensors for detecting molecules in extracellular space. Multiple topics including antibody-, enzyme- and aptamer-based biosensors for cell analysis as well as sensor miniaturization approaches are discussed.
Modular robotics and intelligent imaging for unmanned systems

ABSTRACT The Imaging, Robotics, and Intelligent Systems (IRIS) Laboratory at the University of Tennessee is currently developing a modular approach to unma nned systems to increase mission flexibility and aid system interoperability for security and surveillance applications. The main focus of th e IRIS research is the development of sensor bricks where the term brick denotes a self-contained system that consists of the sensor itself, a processing unit, wireless communications, and a power source. Prototypes of a variety of sensor bricks have been developed. These systems include a thermal imaging brick, a quad video brick, a 3D range brick, and a nuclear (gamma ray and neutron) detection bricks. These bricks have been integrated in a modular fashion into mobility platforms to form functional unmanned systems. Research avenues include sensor processing algorithms, system integration, communications architecture, multi-sensor fusion, sensor planning, sensor-based localization, and path planning. This research is focused towards security and surveillance applications such as under vehicle inspection, wide-area perimeter surveillance, and high-value asset monitoring. This paper presen ts an overview of the IRIS research activities in modular robotics and includes results from prototype systems. Keywords: modular architecture, navigation planning, sensor brick, multimodal data fusion
Application of TACT to the evaluation of total joint arthroplasty.

Three-dimensional imaging may be valuable in the evaluation of total joint arthroplasty. The partial-volume effect and streak artifacts from the metallic components of these devices limit the applicability of computed tomography(CT) to this application. Tuned-aperture computed tomography® (TACT®) is a tomographic approach that has been successfully used in other medical applications. In TACT, the acquisition geometry is inferred from the localization of fiducial markers in a series of projection images. The flexibility and robustness of TACT, as well as the fact that through an appropriate choice of reconstruction algorithms it can suppress streak artifacts, potentially makes it an appropriate approach for evaluating total joint arthroplasty. A simple computer-simulated model of a total knee replacement (TKR) was generated and used to evaluate the accuracy and artifacts associated with three-dimensional (3-D) renderings produced using TACT. A knee specimen from a cadaver that had received a TKR was used to investigate further the potential of TACT for this application. In both tests, TACT provided high-quality 3-D representations of the object. Both simple back-projection and minimum pixel back-projection were used to reconstruct the data. Minimum pixel back-projection provided high-contrast images that appeared to be relatively free of tomosynthetic artifacts. In summary, the potential of TACT in the evaluation of total joint arthroplasty was demonstrated. Future investigations will study TACT’s ability to quantify the spatial relationship between the metallic components of these devices as well as TACT’s ability to identify bony changes of diagnostic consequence.
Periodic, vdW-corrected density functional theory investigation of the effect of Al siting in H-ZSM-5 on chemisorption properties and site-specific acidity

Abstract Twelve crystallographically distinct Al substitution sites of H-ZSM-5 are modeled by periodic density functional theory using the vdW-DF functional. While the stability of Al substitution and Bronsted acid O H bond length at different active site positions are similar, the O H stretch frequency, Si O Al bond angle, and adsorption energies of various probe molecules differ notably without observable correlations between these properties. Comparison of adsorption energy values with and without van der Waals corrections demonstrates the significance of the inclusion of dispersion interactions. Our data indicate that theoretical investigations of H-ZSM-5 require a careful selection of the location of the active site.