cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Co-ordinated coscheduling in time-sharing clusters through a generic framework

In this paper, we attempt to address several key issues in designing coscheduling algorithms for clusters. First, we propose a generic framework for deploying coscheduling techniques by providing a reusable and dynamically loadable kernel module. Second, we implement all prior dynamic coscheduling algorithms (dynamic coscheduling (DCS), spin block (SB) and periodic boost (PB)) and a new coscheduling technique, called co-ordinated coscheduling (CC), using the above framework. Third, with exhaustive experimentation using mixed workloads, we observe that unlike PB, which provided the best performance on a Solaris platform (followed by SB and DCS), the proposed CC scheme outperforms all other techniques on a Linux platform, followed by SB, PB and DCS, in that order. Finally, we argue that due to its modular design, portable implementation on a standard platform, high performance and tolerance to workload mixes, the proposed CC scheme can be a viable scheduling option for time-sharing clusters.
Euclidean hyperspace and its physical significance

Contemporary approaches to quantum field theory and gravitation often use a four-dimensional space-time manifold of Euclidean signature (which we call “hyperspace”) as a continuation of the Lorentzian metric. To investigate what physical sense this might have we review the history of Euclidean techniques in classical mechanics and quantum theory. Schwinger’s Euclidean postulate gives a fundamental significance to such techniques and leads to a clearer understanding of the TCP theorem in terms of space-time uniformity. This is closely related to the principle of identicality that characterizes non-relativistic quantum theory. In quantum gravity we suggest that the Hartle-Hawking treatment of the wave function of the universe rests on a notion of space-time uniformity which can be related to the Euclidean postulate as a kind of “perfect cosmological principle” on the unobservable wave function of the universe which eliminates anya priori asymmetry between space and time. Euclidean hyperspace may mediate between the infinite-dimensional Hubert space of quantum theory (whose metric is Euclidean) and the four-dimensional Lorentzian space-time of physical observations.
Retinol: Properties and Determination

Vitamin A, a fat-soluble micronutrient, is required for a variety of biological processes including vision, development, and immune system and reproductive health. Retinol and retinyl esters in foods, serum, and tissues are generally determined after extraction of lipids into organic solvents, separation of specific compounds by liquid chromatography, and detection based on the UV absorption spectra and extinction coefficients specific to each compound. Special attention is needed in handling retinol and related compounds due to their sensitivity to light and oxygen.
Validation of an Entropy-Viscosity Model for Large Eddy Simulation

A primary mainstay of difficulty when working with problems of very high Reynolds numbers is the lack of computational resources; this implies that numerical simulations in this realm are, in general, always under-resolved.
Cost-Effective Pretreatment Programs

A method is developed for planning cost-effective control programs for toxic pollutants in municipal treatment systems. It chooses the levels of industrial pretreatment and type of municipal sewage treatment a city can use so that all applicable standards and criteria on sewer discharges, receiving water quality, and municipal sludge quality are met at minimum cost. The problem is formulated as a nonlinear 0-1 integer programming model. An implicit enumeration procedure is developed for its solution. The method is applied to control of five heavy metals in Kokomo, Ind. The economic impact of EPA's national pretreatment policies and alternative water quality goals is studied.
Traumatic intracranial hemorrhage in patients taking dabigatran: report of 3 cases and review of the literature.

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE Dabigatran is a direct thrombin inhibitor gaining popularity as a stroke prevention agent in patients with atrial fibrillation. In comparison with warfarin, dabigatran showed superiority in stroke prevention, but lower rates of major hemorrhage and intracerebral hemorrhage. Although warfarin has a well-established reversal strategy, there is far less experience reversing dabigatran. CLINICAL PRESENTATION We present our experience with 3 patients who experienced an intracranial hemorrhage either spontaneously or after low-energy cranial trauma and review the available literature describing dabigatran use in patients with traumatic brain injury. CONCLUSION Intracranial hemorrhage in patients taking anticoagulants and/or antiplatelets can have either a benign or malignant clinical course. At this time, there is little experience with dabigatran reversal; however, several strategies for rapid reversal have been proposed. All patients with intracranial hemorrhage taking dabigatran should be admitted for close neurological monitoring and serial imaging.
Gpr And Dc Resistivity Application To Discontinuous Permafrost Delineation, Eielson Air Force Base, Alaska

Discontinuous permafrost is present in interior Alaska to depths as great as 45 m. The surface active layer seasonally thaws to depths > 2m and in many locations groundwater can exist above, within, and below permafrost. The study area soils consist of organic material and loess draped over well sorted alluvial gravels. Vegetation is predominately black spruce forest with sedges while grasses predominate in inactive stream channels. In this setting we conducted a geophysical site investigation using ground penetrating radar (GPR) and two-dimensional DC resistivity. Measurements were made in late winter and late summer to delineate permafrost distribution beneath four parallel 500 m transects. 400-MHz GPR detected active layer depth and thaw zones while 100-MHz GPR detected thaw zones and the permafrost bottom. We compared results of Wenner and dipole-dipole resistivity with GPR and found that, in most cases, the permafrost interpretations from the dipole-dipole data closely match the GPR data permafrost interpretations; however, no boreholes are yet available for ground truth. Permafrost was detected on average between 0.7 and 20 m below the surface except along a north-south trending power line clearing where permafrost was mostly absent. Within some inactive fluvial channels permafrost was sporadic or absent. The GPR and resistivity methods worked well in concert to delineate permafrost and stratigraphy, providing high quality data to depths of 30 m.
Eight is Enough

A 34-year-old male with hemophilia A is scheduled for tooth extraction. His hematologist recommends increasing the FVIII level to 50 % immediately prior to the extraction. The patient weighs 66 kg, and the patient’s FVIII level is currently 5 %.
Study on Economic Evaluation Model of International Petroleum Cooperative E&D Projects

This paper discribed the whole process of economic evaluation on international petroleum cooperative ED projects and proposed evaluation models for each phase. On the basis of project characters, the paper gave the steps to build the outline of economic evaluation model of international petroleum cooperative ED projects.
Technical Note: Validation and implementation of a wireless transponder tracking system for gated stereotactic ablative radiotherapy of the liver

Purpose: Tracking soft-tissue targets has recently been cleared as a new application of Calypso, an electromagnetic wireless transponder tracking system, allowing for gated treatment of the liver based on the motion of the target volume itself. The purpose of this study is to describe the details of validating the Calypso system for wireless transponder tracking of the liver and to present the clinical workflow for using it to deliver gated stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR). Methods: A commercial 3D diode array motion system was used to evaluate the dynamic tracking accuracy of Calypso when tracking continuous large amplitude motion. It was then used to perform end-to-end tests to evaluate the dosimetric accuracy of gated beam delivery for liver SABR. In addition, gating limits were investigated to determine how large the gating window can be while still maintaining dosimetric accuracy. The gating latency of the Calypso system was also measured using a customized motion phantom. Results: The average absolute difference between the measured and expected positional offset was 0.3 mm. The 2%/2 mm gamma pass rates for the gated treatment delivery were greater than 97%. When increasing the gating limits beyond the known extent of planned motion, the gamma pass rates decreased as expected. The 2%/2 mm gamma pass rate for a 1, 2, and 3 mm increase in gating limits was measured to be 97.8%, 82.9%, and 61.4%, respectively. The average gating latency was measured to be 63.8 ms for beam-hold and 195.8 ms for beam-on. Four liver patients with 17 total fractions have been successfully treated at our institution. Conclusions: Wireless transponder tracking was validated as a dosimetrically accurate way to provide gated SABR of the liver. The dynamic tracking accuracy of the Calypso system met manufacturer’s specification, even for continuous large amplitude motion that can be encountered when tracking livertumors close to the diaphragm. The measured beam-hold gating latency was appropriate for targets that will traverse the gating limit each respiratory cycle causing the beam to be interrupted constantly throughout treatment delivery.
Cost-benefit Analysis of Measles Supplemental Immunization Strategy

[Objective]To analyze the economic benefit of measles supplemental immunization,provide a scientific basis for implementation of the measles elimination strategy by 2012.[Methods]The cost-benefit analysis was used to analyze the economic and social benefits of measles supplemental immunization.[Results]After measles supplemental immunization in 2009,per 10 000 Yuan can reduced 3.3 and 1.7 cases of measles as compared with 2007 and 2008,and it can produce the economic benefit of 25 700 Yuan and 17 000 Yuan respectively.[Conclusion]Measles supplemental immunization can produce enormous economic and social benefits.
A content analysis of tweets about high-potency marijuana

Introduction “Dabbing” involves heating extremely concentrated forms of marijuana to high temperatures and inhaling the resulting vapor. We studied themes describing the consequences of using highly concentrated marijuana by examining the dabbing-related content on Twitter.
Gaming History: A Framework for What Video Games Teach About the Past

This article offers a typological framework for analyzing how video games make use of historical elements, shaping the ways players engage with and think about the past. Phenomenologically induced labels are posited for identifying different deployments of and experiences with historical elements in video games, illustrated by examples drawn from analysis of selected historically oriented, situated, or themed commercial video games. Building on the literature of gaming, popular media, and history education, the authors theorize specifically about the interactions between game design, player response, historical thinking, and historical representations encountered in video games. The goal is to develop vocabulary useful to researchers and educators that attends to the interface between school-based history learning and the extra-curricular influence of video games.
Improved Specificity in Detecting F-Specific Coliphages in Environmental Samples by Suppression of Somatic Phages

Analysis of environmental waters for F-specific coliphages on the genetically constructed host Salmonella tvphimurium strain WG49 is hampered by the detection of Bomatic Salmonella phages. To improve the specificity of F-specific coliphage detection, two agents were tested for selective inhibition of Salmonella phage infectivity: heat-killed cells of female (F) S. tvphimurium WG45 and chemically extracted S. tvphimurium lipopolysaccharide (LPS). When both treatments were tested on pools of environmental isolates of Salmonella phages and the FRNA coliphage MS2, Salmonella phage infectivity was reduced by >90% with no change in MS2 detection. When environmental waters were tested by single agar layer or membrane filter methods, LPS increased the selectivity of F-specific coliphage detection from 28% to >90%, with no loss of sensitivity. The results of this study indicate that LPS effectively inhibits Bomatic Salmonella phage infectivity when added directly to a water sample or to molten agar medium or when used to treat filters on which phages have been concentrated.
The importance of accurately correcting for the natural abundance of stable isotopes.

The use of isotopically labeled tracer substrates is an experimental approach for measuring in vivo and in vitro intracellular metabolic dynamics. Stable isotopes that alter the mass but not the chemical behavior of a molecule are commonly used in isotope tracer studies. Because stable isotopes of some atoms naturally occur at non-negligible abundances, it is important to account for the natural abundance of these isotopes when analyzing data from isotope labeling experiments. Specifically, a distinction must be made between isotopes introduced experimentally via an isotopically labeled tracer and the isotopes naturally present at the start of an experiment. In this tutorial review, we explain the underlying theory of natural abundance correction of stable isotopes, a concept not always understood by metabolic researchers. We also provide a comparison of distinct methods for performing this correction and discuss natural abundance correction in the context of steady state 13C metabolic flux, a method increasingly used to infer intracellular metabolic flux from isotope experiments.
Institute for Research Design in Librarianship: Impact on Information Literacy Research and Practice

This paper provides a detailed view of the impact of a research methods training program (Institute for Research Design in Librarianship, or IRDL) on librarians’ research and practice related to information literacy. Participants identified the following benefits: improvement in research confidence, improvement in capability to interpret published research, improvement in capability to design and conduct research, improvement in capability to perform job responsibilities, a supportive network of librarian researchers, and career advancement.
Measurement of Excess Heat and Apparent Coincident Increases in the Neutron and Gamma-Ray Count Rates During the Electrolysis of Heavy Water

Excess heat and apparent increases in the neutron and gamma-ray count rates have been observed in a series of tests performed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory to study the electrolysis of heavy wat...
Nonlinear Perturbations at Resonance

This chapter describes the nonlinear perturbations at resonance. It presents nonlinear differential equations of the type Lu + Xu = Nu , where L is a linear self-adjoint differential operator over a real Hubert space S with preassigned linear homogeneous boundary conditions, λ an eigenvalue of the associated linear problem Lu + Xu = 0, and N a nonlinear operator over S . It also presents conditions for the existence of solutions of the abstract semilinear problem Lu + Xu = Nu under suitable hypotheses on N . The chapter also focuses on nonlinear problems where the nonlinearity is not defined over the entire Hubert space S . It describes differential operators L that together with the boundary conditions admit of a natural decomposition in the form TT *. The chapter also presents an assumption in which L is a linear self-adjoint differential operator with preassigned homogeneous boundary conditions over a smooth bounded domain in R n and S is the real Hilbert space L 2 ( Ω ) with norm and inner product. It also presents another assumption in which L is such that the associated eigenvalue problem Lu + Xu = 0 has a countable system of real eigenvalues.
Design and analysis of a novel planar robotic leg for high-speed locomotion

This paper presents the mechanical design and analysis of a novel leg mechanism that has only one active degree of freedom (DOF). The proposed mechanism is intended towards simplifying the mechanical and control complexity identified with the robotic legs implemented on quadrupedal platforms capable of dynamic locomotion. First, a survey of high-speed and reduced DOF legged robotic systems is presented to elucidate the design challenges and determine system requirements. Drawing from these requirements, a novel design of a six-bar leg mechanism with a single DOF is proposed. The novelty of the mechanism lies in its ability to trace a path that accommodates the execution of trot-gait by the quadrupedal platform realized by integrating the proposed leg. The kinematics of the mechanism is formulated and a multi-body model is used to perform a series of case studies on the sensitivity of the foot trajectory to the leg's dimensional parameters. Preliminary work on optimization of the foot trajectory is then performed. This research will ultimately assist the future design of quadrupedal robots to test the ability of spatial robotic tails in stabilizing and maneuvering the platform.
Missed Injuries: The Trauma Surgeon’s Nemesis

The multiply injured trauma patient presents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge: that of discovering all injuries while simultaneously proceeding with resuscitation and maintaining life. Many factors involved in the initial resuscitation of the multiply injured patient, such as altered level of consciousness, hemodynamic instability, or inexperience and diagnostic oversight, may lead to missed injuries. Injuries may be missed at any stage of the management of the trauma patient, including intraoperatively, and may involve all regions of the body. Established protocols in the initial management of the multiply injured patient, such as the primary and secondary surveys of the Advanced Trauma Life Support Course, will minimize the chance of missing immediately life-threatening injuries in the emergency department. A careful intraoperative approach must be used in all patients, but especially in those with hemodynamic instability, so that all areas are examined for possible injury, rather than concentrating simply on what is known to be injured. Use of the tertiary survey, a careful re-examination of the multiply injured trauma patient, especially when he or she awakes, will help detect injuries missed during the initial evaluation. Injuries will be missed. Rather than dismissing these as occurrences that happen only to the inexperienced or incompetent, one should approach the multiply injured trauma patient with both special alertness and the humility necessary to search for diagnostic oversights. This approach will lead to early discovery of missed injuries and will minimize the consequences.
Evolution of ferromagnetism in orthorhombic perovskites Sr 1 − x Pb x RuO 3

We report the high-pressure synthesis of the whole series of orthorhombic perovskites ${\text{Sr}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\text{Pb}}_{x}{\text{RuO}}_{3}$ $(0.0\ensuremath{\le}x\ensuremath{\le}1.0)$. The high-pressure products have been characterized by x-ray powder diffraction. Systematic measurements of magnetic and transport properties permit us to establish a detailed phase diagram that includes the evolution of the ferromagnetic phase and a phase transition to an orthorhombic phase with the $Imma$ space group at low temperature for the compositions close to ${\text{PbRuO}}_{3}$. More importantly, we have observed quantum critical phenomena in transport properties as a quantum critical point is reached by reducing ${T}_{\text{c}}$ to zero. We have also made comparisons of magnetic and transport properties between the ${\text{Sr}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\text{M}}_{x}{\text{RuO}}_{3}$ systems with $M=\text{Pb}$, Ca, and Ba.
Innate immune responses to respiratory syncytial virus infection.

The innate immune response has a critical role in the initial stages of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection and provides important instructional control that determines the direction of the acquired immune response and the severity of subsequent disease. Contributions to innate immunity include responses initiated in epithelial cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages. The initiation and the intensity of the response depends upon the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that activate various pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as toll-like receptors (TLR), RIG-I–like receptors (RLR), and NOD-like receptors (NLR), that induce innate cytokines and chemokines that promote inflammation and direct the recruitment of immune cells as well as promote anti-viral responses. In this review, we summarize the results of numerous studies that have characterized the innate immune responses that contribute to the RSV-induced responses and may be important considerations for the development of efficacious vaccine strategies.
Fault-Free or Fault-Tolerant VLSI Manufacture

A dichotomy affects the approach to the manufacture of integrated circuits. Some manufacturers aim for “zero defects,” while others are deeply involved in using circuits with fault-tolerance. For either approach, future manufacturing facilities require extensive defect learning. The methodology for establishing defect learning objectives far into the future is the topic of this paper.
Government Policy and Clean-Energy Finance

What leads to market failures in finance of clean energy start-ups? How do different governments approach this issue?Learning Objective:What leads to market failures in finance of clean energy start-ups? How do different governments approach this issue?
More than a black and white issue: ethnic identity, social dominance orientation, and support for the black lives matter movement

The Black Lives Matter (BLM) Movement is the civil rights issue of our time, with opinions being fractured along racial lines. We examine how the relationship between identity constructs and BLM su...
Computational Study of Diffuser Length on Ducted Rotor Performance in Edgewise Flight

This study examines the effect of diffuser length variation on the performance of ducted rotors in hover and edgewise flight. The flow over a three-dimensional model of ducted rotor configurations ...
Reconfigurable Helical Antenna Based on Origami Neoprene with High Radiation Efficiency

This paper presents an endurable reconfigurable helical antenna fabricated with 0.1-mm thick conductive polyester sewed on 3-mm thick origami neoprene for more practical applications compared with previous origami antennas based on sketching paper. Measured results show that the proposed antenna achieves max. realized gain of 9.4 dB and 9.2 dB respectively at the unfolded and folded state with a measured 3-dB realized gain bandwidth (BW) of 64.3% and 76% at the two states. Further, the measured radiation efficiency at the two states during their operational BW is no less than 80%.
Training and Experience of Authorized Personnel

This chapter highlights the training and experience required of individuals to practice in nuclear medicine and radiation therapy using radionuclides and radiations for the diagnosis and treatment of human diseases. Authorization is offered to individuals based on specialty board certification or by acquisition of required hours of classroom and laboratory training and prescribed years of work experience in the related field. Requirements of authorization of physicians, medical physicists, nuclear pharmacists, radiation safety officers, and associate radiation safety officers are cited.
Linear Stability of Spontaneously Active Local Cortical Circuits: Is There Criticality on Long Time Scales?

Self-organizing systems acquire their structures and functions without patterned input from the outside world. In the interconnected architectures of the neocortex, spontaneous activity—that is, activity that arises without external sensory or electrical stimulus—predominates over sensory-evoked activity. Thus, spontaneous neuronal activity provides a means to characterizing the structure, function and dynamics of neocortical networks. We have recorded spontaneous, asynchronous network activity from hundreds of neurons constituting local cortical circuits in mice with high-density microelectrode arrays (MEAs) in vitro. The spontaneous activity in the network displayed features of a system at criticality and scale-free structures, such as fluctuation scaling and multiple frequency bands. To investigate dynamical parameters, we have investigated the linear and nonlinear components of the network dynamics. The former allows us not only to define a linear measure of functional connectivity, but also to determine the linear stability of the system through its eigenvalues. Similarly, the latter allows us to define a measure of nonlinear functional connectivity. An important feature revealed by this approach is the large number of eigenvalues with positive real parts and the high density of eigenvalues near the imaginary axis, which demonstrate respectively that this high-dimensional system is linearly unstable and critical on long time scales (>1s). The function of critical dynamics in these networks is discussed with respect to exploratory behavior in rodents.
Botulinum Toxin Injection for Vertical Strabismus

Twenty-five patients with vertical strabismus were treated with thirty-three injections of botulinum toxin. In Graves disease an average of sixty-two percent of the pre-treatment deviation was corr...
Characterizing the shoe-rung friction requirements during ladder climbing.

Abstract Ladder slip and falls cause negative financial and health impacts due to their severity and frequency. However, frictional requirements of climbing, which presumably influence slip risk, are unknown. The purpose of this study was to quantify frictional requirements during climbing at different ladder angles. The required coefficient of friction (RCOF) was calculated during ladder climbing and assessed for three ladder angles (75.5°, 82.8°, and 90°). Data was collected from 10 participants at each angle. Kinetic data and kinematic data of the climber’s shoe was collected and used to map friction and normal forces to the shoe. These forces were then used to calculate the RCOF. The RCOF and friction force at 90° was higher than at lower angles (75.5° and 82.8°). RCOF was correlated with shoe angle and body angle supporting both the relevance of shoe orientation and body position to slip risk. This study suggests that frictional requirements of ladder climbing are dependent on ladder angle, shoe orientation, and body angle.
Constitutionalism in Unexpected Places

Before, during, and after the ratification of the federal Constitution of 1787, Americans believed that they were governed under an unwritten constitution, a constitution that described an arrangement of power, confirmed ancient rights, and restricted government action. The existence of this unwritten constitution, and particularly its continuity, is something legal scholars have not adequately understood. Instead, both originalists and scholars of the “living” constitution think of 1787 as a hard break from the past and a starting point for their investigations. But Americans of the Founding generation did not share our view that the only constitution that mattered was the one the Framers designed. This Article focuses on a feature of American colonial life that reappeared with striking continuity for three generations after Independence—the vindication of unwritten constitutional rights by mob action, and specifically, the tradition of mobs turning to Indian costume to express a specific series of constitutional grievances. During the age of the Revolution, many Americans believed that mobs in the streets performed a legitimate role in the enforcement of their unwritten constitution. These mob actions involved ritualistic violence and consistent, non-linguistic symbolism. The endurance of this form of constitutional engagement, employing the same symbols to assert the same suite of legal claims, is simply astonishing. It is evidence of the tenacity of a series of constitutional commitments predating the Founding that were not encompassed by, or replaced with, a written constitution. This Article also makes a methodological point. An exclusive focus on official texts and the words, pamphlets, and letters of great men robs historical investigation of its depth and risks missing crucial insights about the past. Important evidence revealing how Americans conceived of their constitution and of themselves as legal actors can be found in their customs, in behavior, in performances in public spaces, and in the life of important ideas in literature and art. This Article focuses on a peculiar phenomenon as a way of modeling this point. The white protestor in Indian costume may seem like an oddity, but a deeper investigation reveals him to be a missing link, a key to how Americans believed their society was constituted, how they thought about justice, and how they understood the obligations the Revolution laid upon its inheritors.
The Application of Telemedicine to Pediatric Obesity: Lessons from the Past Decade

Background: Telemedicine has been utilized to deliver pediatric weight management care in both rural and urban communities. This method of health care delivery may provide a solution to the many logistical obstacles to pediatric obesity management, including time, finances, and distance to programs. Objectives: This review examines all studies in the past decade that employed telehealth communication directly between families and obesity specialists to treat pediatric obesity. To assess the practical use of such programs, studies that surveyed family satisfaction with this method of health care are also included. Methods: A comprehensive electronic database search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library databases. Results: All studies demonstrated noninferiority in clinical efficacy as measured by weight status improvement in participants of either the telehealth cohort or the in-person cohort. Attrition rates were also not statistically significant between groups. Patient satisfaction with telemedicine delivery was high across studies. Lack of statistical significance in outcomes of these studies can be attributed to infrequent visits, limited duration of programs, and study size. Conclusions: Future research is needed to evaluate the effect on health outcomes as well as compliance when direct to consumer telemedicine visits are integrated in pediatric weight management clinics with more frequency and for longer duration. This method of telemedicine would allow for increased contact with patients and families in between face-to-face encounters. Telehealth provides the potential to create more robust, accessible, and effective pediatric weight management programs.
Integrating clinical and research training in child psychiatry: fifteen-year outcomes of a federally supported program.

The Albert J. Solnit Integrated Training Program (AJSP) is an educational initiative designed to prepare physician-scientists for independent careers in the investigation and treatment of childhood psychiatric disorders. We compared fifteen cohorts (each representing a consecutive year of matriculation) of AJSP trainees and graduates (n = 30) to peers who were comparably ranked in our original match lists but ultimately pursued residency programs elsewhere (n = 60). Outcomes of interest between the two groups included professional affiliation, as measured by: (1) membership in the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP); and (2) certification by the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology (ABPN), as well as three domains of research productivity: (1) Competitive awards received from AACAP; (2) Publication-related metrics derived from the National Library of Medicine (NLM); and (3) Federal grant funding from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). AJSP participants were more commonly affiliated with AACAP and board certified in CAP. AJSP graduates and trainees outperformed their control group peers in several research outcomes: (1) Receipt of AACAP awards and number of awards per recipient were higher, and time to first award shorter in the AJSP than in the control group; (2) AJSP participants had more publications in PubMed, more first-authored publications, a higher h-index, and a shorter time to first publication than participants in the control group; and (3) NIH K- or R-series funding success rate was higher among AJSP participants (p < 0.05 for all comparisons). A program designed to support the development of clinician-scientists specifically dedicated to childhood mental health needs has been successful in fostering scientific creativity, productivity and independence. The expansion and replication of similar training initiatives will be an in important step forward to address the high level of morbidity and mortality associated with child and adolescent psychiatric disorders.
An error-dependent model of instrument-scanning behavior in commercial airline pilots

A new flexible model of pilot instrument scanning behavior is presented which assumes that the pilot uses a set of deterministic scanning patterns on the pilot's perception of error in the state of the aircraft, and the pilot's knowledge of the interactive nature of the aircraft's systems. Statistical analyses revealed that a three stage Markov process composed of the pilot's three predicted lookpoints (LP), occurring 1/30, 2/30, and 3/30 of a second prior to each LP, accurately modelled the scanning behavior of 14 commercial airline pilots while flying steep turn maneuvers in a Boeing 737 flight simulator. The modelled scanning data for each pilot were not statistically different from the observed scanning data in comparisons of mean dwell time, entropy, and entropy rate. These findings represent the first direct evidence that pilots are using deterministic scanning patterns during instrument flight. The results are interpreted as direct support for the error dependent model and suggestions are made for further research that could allow for identification of the specific scanning patterns suggested by the model.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids

The research conducted in avians with emphasis on omega (ω)-3 fatty acid enrichment of edible meat portions and the use of fertilized eggs as a unique model for nutrition research is addressed. In a typical Western diet, over 70% of dietary fat is supplied through animal products. Considering the health benefits of ω-3 fatty acids, feeding strategies have been adopted to meet the recommended increased intake. Addition of flax seeds or fish oil is commonly used to manipulate the ω-3 content of poultry foods. The efficacy of flax in increasing the content of long chain ω-3 is limited after 10% inclusion in the bird’s diet. Incorporating flax results in an increase in α-linolenic acid (18:3) in triglycerides and long chain (>20-carbon) ω-3 in the phospholipids. Generally, dark meat is rich in α-linolenic acid and white meat is rich in long chain ω-3. However, considering the total fat content of dark meat, which is twice that of white meat, dark meat provides more long chain ω-3 on a portion basis. In oviparous species, the developing embryo is dependent on nutrients stored in the egg for sustaining its growth and development. Thus, hen egg and hatched chick is a unique model to study the role of nutrition in the maternal-fetal system because during development the embryo is in an “isolated” environment not under the influence of nutrients from maternal circulation as in the mammalian system. In addition, the short span of time needed to raise multigenerations of progeny, and considering the similarities that exist between mammalian and avian species in the accretion of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids during embryonic development makes the avian model a unique tool for nutrition research.
21st century skills in the United States: a late, partial and silent reform

This article examines the history of US movements for competencies, often called ‘twenty-first century skills’, in international context. Ironically, US actors were a source of early ideas about co...
On Data Integrity Attacks against Industrial Internet of Things

Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is predicted to drive the fourth industrial revolution through massive interconnection of industrial devices, integrating advances in smart machinery and data analytics driven by computing, networking and artificial intelligence techniques. The massive interconnections between industrial devices increase not only information exchange, productivity, and resource efficiency, but also cybersecurity risks and their impact on the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) system. In this paper, we investigate the evolutionary process, which captures the natural interactions and evolutions of both attackers and defenders, as well as their strategies to launch data integrity attacks and protect the IIoT system, respectively. We leverage the wireless cyber-physical simulator (WCPS) as a realistic IIoT environment to implement and evaluate strategies at different levels of evolution. The experimental results indicate the effectiveness of defensive strategies in guarding against various forms of data integrity attacks with increase in time and knowledge throughout the evolutionary process.
Asymmetry in Earnings Management Surrounding Targeted Ratings

This study examines earnings management among financial institutions attempting to achieve a target financial strength rating. We find empirical evidence that firms with an actual rating below their target rating use income-increasing earnings management, however we find no evidence that firms above their target rating manage earnings. Our result is consistent with financial institutions facing less pressure from unions and suppliers, but more pressure from regulators, relative to non-financial institutions. Our findings are robust to a variety of alternative definitions of target rating. Notably, we examine a subset of firms with an exogenously determined target rating and find consistent results. We also find evidence that firms can influence ratings agencies, as firms that underestimate their initial claims are more likely to receive a rating upgrade.
Do Local Immigrant-Welcoming Efforts Increase Immigration? The Detroit Experience:

Immigration policymaking has been active at the local level in the United States over the past few decades. This study examines whether the economic development-oriented immigrant-welcoming efforts...
Preproglucagon Products and Their Respective Roles Regulating Insulin Secretion.

Historically, intracellular function and metabolic adaptation within the α-cell has been understudied, with most of the attention being placed on the insulin-producing β-cells due to their role in the pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. However, there is a growing interest in understanding the function of other endocrine cell types within the islet and their paracrine role in regulating insulin secretion. For example, there is greater appreciation for α-cell products and their contributions to overall glucose homeostasis. Several recent studies have addressed a paracrine role for α-cell derived glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in regulating glucose homeostasis and responses to metabolic stress. Further, other studies have demonstrated the ability of glucagon to impact insulin secretion by acting through the GLP-1 receptor. These studies challenge the central dogma surrounding α-cell biology describing glucagon's primary role in glucose counter-regulation to one where glucagon is critical in regulating both hyper- and hypoglycemic responses. Herein, this review will update the current understanding of the role of glucagon and α-cell derived GLP-1 placing emphasis on their roles in regulating glucose homeostasis, insulin secretion, and β-cell mass.
Regional Characteristics of Variability in the Northern Hemisphere Wintertime Polar Front Jet and Subtropical Jet in Observations and CMIP6 Models

Variability in the position and strength of the subtropical jet (STJ) and polar front jet (PFJ) streams has important implications for global and regional climate. Previous studies have related the...
Autobiographical Memory and Conceptualizations of the Self

Constructivist perspectives on the nature of memory and the nature of the self are used as the foundation for an exploration of the importance of narrative thought in psychology. The construct of a self narrative as a central feature of conceptualizations of the self is discussed. Data are reviewed that illustrate the importance of integrating research on the self narrative, the process of life review and successful aging. Finally, the importance of considering the self as multifaceted is discussed as a necessary element of useful models of the self in contemportary society.
Field-effect transistors based on few-layered α-MoTe2

Here we report the properties of field-effect transistors based on a few layers of chemical vapor transport grown α-MoTe2 crystals mechanically exfoliated onto SiO2. We performed field-effect and Hall mobility measurements, as well as Raman scattering and transmission electron microscopy. In contrast to both MoS2 and MoSe2, our MoTe2 field-effect transistors are observed to be hole-doped, displaying on/off ratios surpassing 106 and typical subthreshold swings of ∼140 mV per decade. Both field-effect and Hall mobilities indicate maximum values approaching or surpassing 10 cm2/(V s), which are comparable to figures previously reported for single or bilayered MoS2 and/or for MoSe2 exfoliated onto SiO2 at room temperature and without the use of dielectric engineering. Raman scattering reveals sharp modes in agreement with previous reports, whose frequencies are found to display little or no dependence on the number of layers. Given that MoS2 is electron-doped, the stacking of MoTe2 onto MoS2 could produce amb...
Functors Between Module Categories

it should now be clear that the structure of the category R M determines to a significant extent the structure of the ring R. Thus in this chapter we turn to the direct studies of these categories R M. Our starting point will be the study of certain natural “functors” or “homomorphisms” between pairs of these categories.
Evaluation of a 5-year cervical cancer prevention project in Indonesia: opportunities, issues, and challenges.

AIM: The Cervical and Breast Cancer Prevention (CECAP) Project sought to develop a national model for cervical cancer prevention in Indonesia based on visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) to detect abnormal changes in the cervix. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a pilot project introducing VIA and cryotherapy in Indonesia and to identify lessons learned that could be applied to the national scale-up of cervical cancer prevention services. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty-four months (July 2007 to December 2011) of service records at 17 health centers were abstracted and analyzed. The data were used to calculate the proportion of all women aged 30-50 who received VIA screening the VIA-positive rate the treatment rate and the interval between screening and treatment. RESULTS: The 45 050 women screened during the project included 24.4% of the total female population in the target age group in the catchment area. Throughout the 5-year project 83.1% of VIA-positive women sought cryotherapy. During the last 18 months of the project after data collection tools were revised to more accurately reflect when cryotherapy was received 13% of women were treated on the same day that they were screened. Among the 74% of women treated within 1 month of screening the mean interval between screening and treatment was 7.2 days. CONCLUSION: As cervical cancer prevention services are scaled up throughout Indonesia changes in the service delivery model and program management are needed to increase screening coverage promote a single-visit approach and ensure the quality of services. (c) 2013 The Authors. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research (c) 2013 Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Effects of Tire and Vehicle Design Characteristics on Rollover of Tractor Semi-Trailers

Understanding the effects of tire and vehicle properties on the rollover propensity of tractor semi-trailer trucks is essential. The major objective of the project described by this paper was to develop a simplified computational tool that can be used to understand and predict the effects of various tire characteristics and truck design parameters on rollover under steady cornering and non-tripped conditions. In particular, this tool may be used to help understand the basic me hanisms governing rollover propensity of trucks equipped with New Generation Wide Single tires as contrasted with conventional tires. Effects of tire flexibility, roll-compliant suspensions, fifth -wheel lash and nonlinear suspension characteristics are included in the model and are presented below. Design parameter data used as input to the model were obtained from Michelin Americas Research and Development Corporation. Results have shown that changing from dual tires to New Generation Wide Single tires increases the rollover threshold by approximately 3%.
A semiconductor valid device development and production control methodology

This paper presents a systematic approach for request, design, development, and production control of valid electronic devices for a semiconductor process technology. The principal objective is guaranteed equivalence of device silicon characteristics, electrical technology table specifications, and circuit simulation tools. This procedure also ensures that all device components are completed and delivered in a coordinated and effective manner to their various customers. Thus, both rapid design and effective production ramp and control can be achieved.
MEAN SQUARE ERROR CONFIDENCE INTERVALS FOR MEASURING UNCERTAINTY IN INTERCENSAL NET MIGRATION ESTIMATES: A CASE STUDY OF ARKANSAS, 1980-1990

Estimates of net migration are virtually always constructed from the standpoint that the mortality underlying a survived population is not stochastic and the census counts framing the intercensal period are error free. There is compelling evidence however that mortality should be viewed as a random variable and census counts contain systematic errors. This evidence suggests that net migration accuracy is affected both by random error and bias. We explore the estimation of net migration accuracy by placing Mean Square Error (MSE) confidence intervals around 1980-1990 net migration estimates for Arkansas made using the Forward Life Table Survival Method....We argue that the MSE intervals provide an accurate description of the uncertainty in net migration estimates.... (EXCERPT)
Clemencia Rodriguez, Citizens' Media Against Armed Conflict: Disrupting Armed Violence in Colombia

Colombia has a long and complex history of violence quite unlike any other nation. The Thousand Day War from 1899 to 1902, and the later La Violencia (The Violence) conflict of 1948 to 1958 grew ou...
Visual Neuroscience: A Moving Story of Neuromodulation

Summary The visual neurons of many animals process sensory input differently depending on the animal's state of locomotion. Now, new work in Drosophila melanogaster shows that neuromodulatory neurons active during flight boost responses of neurons in the visual system.