cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A 10-Output, Single-Inductor-Multiple-Output DC–DC Buck Converter With Integrated Output Capacitors for a Sub-mW System-on-Chip

Emerging sub-mW near-threshold-voltage system-on-chips require new power management architecture that can create multiple voltage domains with the fewest possible off-chip passives. To fulfill this need, we propose an ultra-low-power single-inductor–multiple-output dc–dc buck converter in a 65-nm CMOS process. Featuring a comparator-based output switch controller and a digital pulse-width modulation controller for ultra-low feedback latency, this dc–dc converter takes 1-V input voltage and produces ten independent output voltages from 0.4 to 0.8 V at the aggregated power delivery of 0.583 mW. It has ten 200-pF on-chip output capacitors and one 82- $\mu \text{H}$ off-chip inductor and achieves the peak power conversion efficiency of 83.4%.
Comparison of Chronic Wasting Disease Detection Methods and Procedures: Implications for Free-Ranging White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) Surveillance and Management

ABSTRACT Throughout North America, chronic wasting disease (CWD) has emerged as perhaps the greatest threat to wild cervid populations, including white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). White-tailed deer are the most sought after big game species across North America with populations of various subspecies in nearly all Canadian provinces, the contiguous USA, and Mexico. Documented CWD cases have dramatically increased across the white-tailed deer range since the mid-1990s, including in Minnesota. CWD surveillance in free-ranging white-tailed deer and other cervid populations mainly depends upon immunodetection methods (e.g., immunohistochemistry [IHC] and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]) on medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes and obex. More recent technologies centered on prion protein amplification methods of detection have shown promise as more sensitive and rapid CWD diagnostic tools. Here, we used blinded samples to test the efficacy of real time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) in comparison to ELISA and IHC for screening tissues, blood, and feces collected in 2019 from white-tailed deer in southeastern Minnesota, where CWD has been routinely detected since 2016. Our results support previous findings that RT-QuIC is a more sensitive tool for CWD detection than current antibody-based methods. Additionally, a CWD testing protocol that includes multiple lymphoid tissues (medial retropharyngeal lymph node, parotid lymph node, and palatine tonsil) per animal may effectively identify a greater number of CWD detections in a white-tailed deer population than a single sample type (i.e., medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes). These results reveal that the variability of CWD pathogenesis, sampling protocol, and testing platform must be considered for the effective detection and management of CWD throughout North America.
Inclusion of Pre-Existing Undervoltage Load Shedding Schemes in AC-QSS Cascading Failure Models

A challenging problem facing AC-Quasi-Steady-State (AC-QSS) cascading failure models of power system is the divergence issue primarily stemming from voltage collapse phenomena. In reality, there are undervoltage load shedding (UVLS) relays, which aim to prevent such a collapse by shedding a pre-specified fraction of load at buses where the corresponding voltages fall below a threshold. However, capturing the UVLS action in QSS models is very difficult, because most of the time the model cannot generate an equilibrium below the voltage threshold due to divergence. To address this problem, current models have applied different variants of uniform load shedding (ULS) till convergence is achieved, which differ from the ground truth. In order to solve this, we propose a methodology that leverages the post-ULS load flow as a starting point when divergence occurs. In this condition, a sensitivity index coupled with the voltage magnitudes of buses is used to recognize the buses that are most prone to voltage collapse. The UVLS scheme is then applied to these buses. To verify the accuracy of the results, we also present a suitable dynamic cascade model with appropriate limits and protection details that can selectively capture UVLS action, thereby revealing the proximate ground truth. Predictions of the proposed model are validated against those of the dynamic model for representative cases in IEEE 118-bus system. In addition, results of the proposed model are contrasted with two ULS schemes on the 2383-bus Polish system.
Molecular interactions of ribosomal components. I. Identification of RNA binding sites for individual 30S ribosomal proteins.

The formation of a complex between individual 30S ribosomal proteins and 16S ribosomal RNA was studied by three techniques: zone centrifugation, molecular-sieve chromatography and electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels. Five 30S proteins form a stable complex with the RNA under the conditions used to assemble ribosomes. Specific and nonspecific complex formation can be distinguished by an analysis of the concentration-dependence for complex formation. Similarly, competition experiments between heterologous proteins that bind to RNA can also be used to establish the uniquness of the RNA binding sites for ribosomal proteins. The data show that four of the five proteins bind to unique sites on the RNA. The fifth protein binds nonspecifically to the RNA. In addition, cooperative interactions between several proteins were observed; these enhance the interaction of proteins with the 16S RNA. A partial assembly sequence for the 30S ribosomal subunit is presented.
Satellite Dynamics About Asteroids: Computing Poincaré Maps for the General Case

The study of orbital dynamics of spacecraft about non-spherical bodies has usually been restricted to the “planetary” case where the body is close to an oblate spheroid, with only a relatively small degree of equatorial ellipticity. When investigating spacecraft dynamics about asteroids, the situation is drastically different as the asteroid shape is usually very distended with many irregular features. Research into the dynamics of particles about asteroids accounting for their generalized shape has only been initiated relatively recently ([1], [4], [5]). This communication outlines an algorithm to compute Poincare maps and their associated monodromy matrices about arbitrary shapes. This capability is vital for systematic investigations of motion in this problem.
A novel sorbitol transport mechanism in cultured renal papillary epithelial cells

The renal papillary epithelial cell line, GRB-PAP1, accumulates sorbitol when grown in a hypertonic (500 mosmol/kgH2O) bathing medium. When the cells are returned to a 300 mosmol/kgH2O medium, they lose their sorbitol rapidly to the bath. Sorbitol movement across the membranes of these cells was investigated by studying the uptake of radioactive sorbitol and related compounds. Sorbitol uptake increased 71-fold when cells grown in 500 mosmol/kgH2O medium were exposed to a 300 mosmol/kgH2O test solution. The magnitude of the permeability increase was proportional to the size of the change in the osmolality of the bathing medium and not the absolute osmolality. Sorbitol uptake was a linear function of medium sorbitol concentration with no sign of saturation at sorbitol concentrations up to 315 mM. Although the permeability of other polyols was increased when the osmolality was reduced, competition between sorbitol and related sugars and polyols could not be demonstrated. Both the increased sorbitol uptake after a decrease in medium osmolality and the decrease to control permeability after return to the original osmolality were complete within 30 s. A wide variety of transport inhibitors and ion substitutions failed to alter the magnitude of the sorbitol permeability increase. The most effective inhibitor was quinidine, 1 mM reducing sorbitol uptake by 73%. The sorbitol permeability increase could also be blocked by reducing the temperature to 0 degrees C. Nonspecific uptake of sorbitol, such as endocytosis, was shown to be of only minor significance. The large increase in sorbitol permeability and subsequent sorbitol efflux enables these cells to withstand large decreases in osmolality without excessive swelling and consequent damage. A similar compensatory mechanism may operate in vivo in the renal papilla during the onset of diuresis.
Forgotten Voices: A Population-Based Survey of Attitudes About Peace and Justice in Northern Uganda

Author(s): Pham, Phuong N; Vinck, Patrick; Wierda, Marieke; Stover, Eric | Abstract: For nearly two decades, the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) has waged a war against the people of Northern Uganda. The group’s conflict with government forces has received little international attention, even though as many as 1.6 million civilians have been displaced and now languish in dozens of squalid camps throughout the countryside. In recent years, several researchers have conducted qualitative studies of the factors influencing peace and justice considerations in the north, primarily comprising interviews with Ugandan government officials, humanitarian workers, traditional and religious leaders, former LRA members, and others. These studies have contributed greatly to our understanding of the challenges policymakers face in their efforts to end years of war. Yet most research has not included population-based data that represent the spectrum of attitudes and opinions of those most affected by the violence. This report seeks to fill that void.The report presents the findings of a study conducted by researchers from the Human Rights Center (HRC), University of California, Berkeley, in partnership with the International Center for Transitional Justice (ICTJ), Payson Center of Tulane University and Makerere University Institute of Public Health.. The findings are based on the preliminary analysis of quantitative data collected from cross-sectional survey of 2,585 individuals residing in the four selected directs in northern Uganda—Gulu and Kitgum (both Acholi districts), and Lira and Soroti (both non-Acholi districts)—between April 20 and May 2, 2005. The specific objectives of the survey were to: 1) Measure the overall exposure to violence as a result of war and human rights abuses in Northern Uganda since 1987; 2) Understand the immediate needs and concerns of residents of towns, villages, and internally displaced person (IDP) camps in Northern Uganda; 3) Capture opinions and attitudes about specific transitional justice mechanisms, including trials, traditional justice, truth commissions, and reparations; and 4) Elucidate views on the relationship between peace and justice in Northern Uganda.
Predicted range expansion of Chinese tallow tree (Triadica sebifera) in forestlands of the southern United States

Aim We present an integrated approach for predicting future range expansion of an invasive species (Chinese tallow tree) that incorporates statistical forecasting and analytical techniques within a spatially explicit, agent-based, simulation framework. Location East Texas and Louisiana, USA. Methods We drew upon extensive field data from the US Forest Service and the US Geological Survey to calculate spread rate from 2003 to 2008 and to parameterize logistic regression models estimating habitat quality for Chinese tallow within individual habitat cells. We applied the regression analyses to represent population spread rate as a function of habitat quality, integrated this function into a logistic model representing local spread, and coupled this model with a dispersal model based on a lognormal kernel within the simulation framework. We simulated invasions beginning in 2003 based on several different dispersal velocities and compared the resulting spatial patterns to those observed in 2008 using cross Mantel’s tests. We then used the best dispersal velocity to predict range expansion to the year 2023. Results Chinese tallow invasion is more likely in low and flat areas adjacent to water bodies and roads, and less likely in mature forest stands and in pine plantations where artificial regeneration by planting seedlings is used. Forecasted invasions resulted in a distribution that extended from the Gulf Coast of Texas and Louisiana northward and westward as much as 300 km, representing approximately 1.58 million ha. Main conclusions Our new approach of calculating time series projections of annual range expansion should assist land managers and restoration practitioners plan proactive management strategies and treatments. Also, as field sampling continues on the national array of FIA plots, these new data can be incorporated easily into the present model, as well as being used to develop and/or improve models of other invasive plant species.
The transition metal chemistry of quinuclidinone-containing ligands—VII[1]: Cobalt(II) and nickel(II) thiocyanate complexes of 2-(N-morpholinylmethyl)-3-quinuclidinone

Abstract Complexes of cobalt(II) and nickel(II) thiocyanate with 2-(N-morpholinylmethyl)-3-quinuclidinone, MQN, were prepared by adding the metal salt to the ligand in alcoholic solutions. The resulting complexes had the stoichiometry Co(MQN)(NCS)2. C2H5OH and Ni(MQN)(NCS)2. CH3OH. A study of their magnetic and i.r. and electronic spectral properties has indicated that these complexes contain metal ions in octahedral coordination sites.
Differences in mitochondrial fine structure during mitosis in amoebae.

SYNOPSIS. About 50% of the amoebae found in early prophase through metaphase stages of mitosis have at least some mitochondria (ca. 25%) that contain complex internal structural patterns. These patterns are less frequently seen in mitochondria after metaphase, and they are extremely rare or absent during interphase. In the most typical pattern, larger than normal tubules are arranged in a parallel zig-zag configuration with a small amount of matrix between them. Complex patterns typically comprise about 30% of the mitochondrion; they are usually confined to one area, the remaining portion consisting of a clear matrix with few, if any, peripheral tubules.
The Social Roots of Modern Greek Diglossia

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie soziale Wurzeln der neugriechischen DiglossieDie Geschichte der neugriechischen Diglossie wird in diesem Artikel dargestellt. Ihre Anfange finden wir bereits im hellenistischen Zeitalter. Sie dauert dann durch die tausendjahrige byzantinische Epoche und die vierhundert Jahre der turkischen Besatz-ung sowie durch die bisher ein hundert sechzig Jahre des unabhangigen griechischen staates bis zum heutigen tag. Eine Analyse erleuchtert die wirtschaftlichen und soziokulturellen Bedingungen, die die tausendjahrige sprachliche Zerspaltung ermoglichten. Das Problem der griechischen Diglossie wird mit der diglossischen Situation in den arabischen Landern, China, Indien, und Athiopien verglichen. Aus diesem Vergleich wird eine Reihe ahnliche soziookonomische und kulturelle Barrieren auf-zeigen. Der neuliche Versuch der Regierung Karamanlis, das griechische Diglossie-problem zu losen, wird zum Schlus analysiert. Eine dauernde Losung lasst sich aber noch nicht blicken.RESUMOLa Sociaj Radikoj de la Moderna Greka DiglosioLa jena artikolo sekvas la historion de la moderna greka diglosio ekde ties komencigo en la helenisma epoko, tra la mil jaroj de la bizanca epoko, la kvarcent jaroj de turka okupado, kaj la cent sesdek jaroj de la greka sendependeco, al la nuntempo. Ni anal-izas kaj esploras la ekonomiajn kaj socikulturajn kondicojn, kiuj ebligis tiun miljaran lingvan fendon. Ni krome komparas la grekan diglosian problemon kun tiu en la arabaj landoj, Cinio, Hinda Unio, kaj Etiopio. El tiu tomparo evidentas aro da similaj di-glosiaj fenomenoj, kiuj denova indikas similajn sociekonomiajn kaj kulturajn barilojn. La lastatempa klopodo de la registaro Karamanlis, solvi la grekan diglosian problemon, estas fine analizita. La perspektivo de efektiva, daura solvo ne elvokas grandan esperon.
Load, Speed and Temperature Sensitivities of a Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Phenolic Friction Material

Abstract A model friction material was formulated with a cashew-modified phenolic resin, short carbon fiber, phenolic particles, barytes and steel fiber. The friction, wear and fade characteristics of this material were determined using a Chase friction material testing machine. The coefficient of friction was found to vary between 0.2 and 0.5 with lower values associated with higher loads, speeds and drum temperatures and vice versa. Conditioning the specimens with several fade-recovery test cycles resulted in steady friction during subsequent fade tests followed by excellent recovery characteristics. The specific wear rate per unit load and sliding distance decreased with increasing loads, but increased with increasing drum speeds and temperatures due to thermal degradation of the resin. The carbon-fiber-reinforced friction material showed lower specific wear rates than that of a milled-glass-fiber-based friction material at low speeds and temperatures over a wide load range.
A Side-Injected-Laser Plasma Accelerator

A new method for driving relativistic plasma waves capable of ultra-high acceleration gradients (order 1GeV/cm) is presented. By injecting a single laser frequency from the side, rather than colinearly with the accelerated particles, both pump depletion and particle dephasing may be avoidable. The coupling of the side injected laser to the relativistic plasma wave via a pre-formed density ripple in the plasma is modelled analytically and with computer simulation.
Airfoil Design on Unstructured Grids for Turbulent Flows

An aerodynamic design algorithm for turbulent e ows using unstructured grids is described. The current approachusesadjoint (costate)variablestoobtainderivativesofthecostfunction.Thesolutionoftheadjointequations is obtained by using an implicit formulation in which the turbulence model is fully coupled with the e ow equations when solving for the costate variables. The accuracy of the derivatives is demonstrated by comparison with e nite difference gradients, and a few sample computations are shown. Recommendations on directions of further research into the Navier ‐Stokes design process are made. Nomenclature A = area of control volume a = speed of sound C ¤ = constant used in Sutherland’ s law for viscosity cb1;cb2;cv1; = constants used in Spalart ‐Allmaras cw1;cw2;cw3 turbulence model cd = drag cl = lift c1
Fetal electrocardiography, with special reference to early pregnancy.

Abstract 1. 1. Fetal electrocardiography, utilizing presently available instruments and technique, can demonstrate large, clear, definite complexes, and thus may be a valuable diagnostic aid in obstetrics and allied fields. 2. 2. The f-ECG is shown to provide rapid information as to the presence of a living fetus, and its presentation. 3. 3. Recordings from four sets of twins are shown, indicating the value of fetal electrocardiography in cases of multiple pregnancy. 4. 4. Diagnosis of multiple pregnancy at 16 and 21 weeks is demonstrated. 5. 5. Recording of the fetal electrocardiogram in utero, and subsequent electrocardiograms of the newborn are shown for both vertex and breech presentations. The identity of the complexes is beyond doubt. 6. 6. It is shown that an early diagnostic period exists at 16 to 22 weeks, at which time diagnosis of cardiac anomaly and multiple pregnancy should be possible. 7. 7. A demonstration by fetal electrocardiography of a case of cardiac anomaly is presented, in which coarctation of the aorta was found at autopsy. The fetal electrocardiogram in this instance was clearly abnormal, with a wide, notched QRS and S-T displacement. 8. 8. Fetal electrocardiography provides positive results from 2 to 6 weeks earlier than auscultation of fetal heart tones.
Partial X chromosome trisomy with functional disomy of Xp due to failure of X inactivation.

A 5-month-old girl with mild phenotypic abnormalities, developmental delay, and seizures was found to have the de novo karyotype 46,XX,-13,+der(13)t(X;13)(p21.2;p11.1). The partial trisomy of Xp21.2 {yields} pter was confirmed with fluorescence in situ hybridization, using an X chromosome painting probe and several cosmid and YAC probes for Xp sequences. Replication banding showed that one of the structurally normal X chromosomes was late-replicating, but that the Xp segment of the der(13) was early-replicating in all cells examined. Since segments of the X chromosome separated from the X inactivation center in Xq13.2 cannot undergo X inactivation, the result is functional disomy of distal Xp. As the loss of short arm material from chromosome 13 is not considered to be clinically significant, the genomic imbalance of Xp expressed in this patient most likely accounts for her abnormal phenotype. 39 refs., 5 figs., 1 tab.
Diffusion of the Chalcogens in the II-VI Compounds

It has been found that the diffusion coefficients of Se and Te in a variety of Zn and Cd chalcogenides can be varied up to a factor of 1000 by varying the component partial pressures over the compounds. Over most of the solidus region this variation is consistent with an inverse relationship between the diffusion coefficient and the Zn or Cd partial pressures. This simple relation implies neutral interstitial chalcogens as the diffusing defect. Under extreme metal-pressure conditions, a second diffusion process, probably involving chalcogen vacancies, dominates. It is concluded that the II-VI compounds show considerably more high-temperature disorder than previously thought.
Determinants of physical and global functioning in adult HIV-positive heterosexual men

Little is known about the psychosocial factors that might impact the functioning ability of heterosexual men living with HIV. We examined positive and negative coping, social support, and HIV stigma as predictors of physical and global functioning in a cross-sectional sample of 317 HIV-infected adult heterosexual male patients recruited from clinical and social service agencies in New York City. Study participants were primarily minority and low income. Sixty-four percent were African-American, 55% were single, and 90% were 40 years of age or older. The majority had long-term HIV (LTHIV), with an average duration of 15 years since diagnosis. After controlling for participant characteristics, structural equation modeling analyses revealed that positive coping and social support had a significant positive direct effect on global functioning, while stigma had a significant negative direct effect on global functioning. The physical functioning model revealed that negative coping and HIV stigma had significant...
Korean null pronouns: classification and annotation

This paper discusses an annotation scheme for Korean null pronouns, which were used in annotating three kinds of Korean text corpora including Penn Korean Treebank. In annotating the corpora, null pronouns and their antecedents were marked up for their type and reference, with coreference relation tracked by numeric identifiers. Based on the annotation scheme, an outline of a potential pronoun resolution strategy is also proposed. The resulting dataset of annotated text is rather small at 11,834 words; we hope the null pronoun classification and annotation scheme proposed in this study will serve as a basis in developing a large-scale annotated corpus in the future.
"Society as an organism": metaphor as departure point of Andrija Stampar's health ideology.

Andrija Stampar (1888-1958) was one of the most charismatic figures of the 20th century public health and a typical representative of social medical ideology at the turn of 20th century. He was the founder of many health-related institutions in Croatia and world-wide. In 1927, with the help of a large grant from the Rockefeller Foundation, he opened the School of Public Health and the Institute of Hygiene in Zagreb.
A common scaling rule for abundance, energetics, and production of parasitic and free-living species.

The metabolic theory of ecology uses the scaling of metabolism with body size and temperature to explain the causes and consequences of species abundance. However, the theory and its empirical tests have never simultaneously examined parasites alongside free-living species. This is unfortunate because parasites represent at least half of species diversity. We show that metabolic scaling theory could not account for the abundance of parasitic or free-living species in three estuarine food webs until accounting for trophic dynamics. Analyses then revealed that the abundance of all species uniformly scaled with body mass to the –¾ power. This result indicates “production equivalence,” where biomass production within trophic levels is invariant of body size across all species and functional groups: invertebrate or vertebrate, ectothermic or endothermic, and free-living or parasitic.
Microfabricated Liquid Chromatography Columns Based on Collocated Monolith Support Structures

New paradigms in the study of genomics (1), proteomics (2), immunology (3), neuroscience (4), and drug discovery (5) require that ever smaller quantities of analytes be separated in increasingly large numbers of samples. For example, more than 10,000 separations/day on nanogram quantities of material will be needed in the pharmaceutical industry to support drug discovery based on combinatorial chemical libraries and compound banks. At issue is how this will be done. Microseparation systems are of great interest because miniaturization has the great advantage i) of increasing the probability of recovering microfractions for further analysis and characterization and ii) allowing multiple, parallel processing separation systems to be built that could increase the rate of research and discovery.
First and second covering problems of quasi stochastic systems

The concept of quasi stochastic systems, which is obtained from the concept of stochastic sequential machines by relaxing the positiveness condition, is introduced in the present paper. Reductions and the first and second covering problems of quasi stochastic systems, as well as stochastic sequential machines, are investigated.
Operator learning curve for transradial percutaneous coronary interventions: implications for the initiation of a transradial access program in contemporary US practice.

Abstract Objectives Our study aimed to assess the characteristics and outcomes of transfemoral approach (TFA) versus the initial steps of a transradial approach (TRA) program and to assess the learning curve of TRA in contemporary, US practice. Background When compared to TFA, TRA has been shown to lower bleeding and vascular complications during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, use of TRA is still low. There are limited data regarding the characteristics of TRA learning curve, especially in an era with designated TRA equipment. Methods Consecutive patients undergoing PCI in a single US center were divided into two cohorts according to vascular access approach: the last 250 TFA patients prior to the establishment of a TRA program and the initial 239 TRA patients following the establishment of a TRA program. Subgroup analysis of the TRA group, which was divided into five sequential case groups of 50 cases per group, was performed in order to assess TRA learning curve. Results Overall, the baseline characteristics of TFA vs. TRA groups were comparable. Fluoroscopy time was significantly longer during TRA procedures (18 ± 11 vs. 15 ± 8 min, respectively, p = 0.002); however, contrast use was lower during TRA procedures (161 ± 72 vs. 180 ± 63 ml, respectively, p = 0.002). In-hospital outcomes were similar between the two groups, with low frequencies of mortality, myocardial infarction, and stent thrombosis. Subanalysis of TRA group for learning curve assessment showed no major differences in patient demographics among the five subgroups. In the initial cases, more PCI was performed among non-acute cases (62% in patients 1–50 vs. 8–27% in patients 51–239, p Conclusions Adopting TRA as a default is feasible for high-volume operators without significant learning curve effects.
Improving medical student knowledge of female pelvic floor dysfunction and anatomy: a randomized trial

Objective The objective of the study was to estimate the effect of an interactive computer trainer on improving medical student knowledge and attitudes regarding female pelvic anatomy (PA) and pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD). Study Design Forty-three students were randomized to the trainer and usual teaching vs usual teaching alone. Pre- and postintervention knowledge and attitude questionnaires were completed. Between-group pre- and postintervention scores were analyzed. Multiple linear regression was used to estimate trainer effect on scores, adjusting for confounders. Results There was no difference in baseline scores between groups ( P > .05). The trainer group had significantly higher postintervention knowledge (mean score, 15.6 ± 1.9 vs 12.6 ± 2.5; P = .007) and attitude (mean score, 19.2 ± 2.8 vs 15.8 ± 3.2; P = .001) scores compared with the usual teaching group. On multiple linear regression, the trainer group had significantly higher postintervention knowledge and attitude scores, after adjusting for year of medical education and prior clerkships. Conclusion An interactive computer trainer to teach female PA and PFD improves medical student knowledge and attitudes.
The Barbie Mystique: Satisfaction with Breast Size and Shape across the Lifespan

ABSTRACT The prevalence of breast augmentation and breast lift surgery suggests that many women are dissatisfied with their breasts. This study analyzed women's and men's views about breast size and shape among 52,227 heterosexual adults, ages 18–65, who responded to an online survey. Although most women (70%) were dissatisfied with the size or shape of their breasts, most men (56%) were satisfied with their partner's breasts. Younger and thinner women worried that their breasts were too small; older and heavier women were more concerned with breast droopiness. Women who were dissatisfied with their breasts were more likely to report lower body satisfaction and to express concern about wearing a bathing suit in public. Further, dissatisfied women were also less willing to undress in front of their partner and were more likely to conceal their breasts from their partner during sex. These findings suggest that dissatisfaction with breasts is widespread among adult women.
Selecting the answer

Adaptation and Environment. By Robert N. Brandon. Princeton University Press: 1990. Pp.214. $29.95.
Summary: achievements, critical issues, and thoughts on the future.

The number of individuals exposed to particle radiations in cancer treatment worldwide is increasing rapidly, and space agencies are developing plans for long-duration, deep-space missions in which humans could be exposed to significant levels of radiation from charged particles. Hence, the NCRP 47th Annual Meeting on “Scientific and Policy Challenges of Particle Radiations in Medical Therapy and Space Missions” was a timely opportunity to showcase the current scientific knowledge regarding charged particles, enhance cross-fertilization between the oncology and space scientific communities, and identify common needs and challenges to both communities, as well as ways to address those challenges. This issue of Health Physics contains papers from talks presented at that meeting and highlights provocative questions and the ample opportunities for synergism between space and particle-therapy research to further understanding of the biological impacts of particle radiations.
Differentiated structures arising from mechano-chemical feedback in stressed rocks

Abstract We review some of our mathematical modeling efforts toward describing the interaction between a deforming rock and its contained fluid. Specifically, we advocate the concept of self-organization as a means of understanding the evolution of patterned structures observed in rocks ranging from diagenetic to metamorphic conditions. These arise from feedbacks resulting from the coupling of mechanical forces with chemical reactions and transport, due to the dependence of mineral free energy on surrounding rock texture. The same formalism in different limiting or initial conditions captures much of the behavior observed with such deformation-related structures as stylolites, intergranular pressure solution, spaced cleavage, metamorphic layering, and mineralized segregations arising from the force exerted by crystal growth. The equations predict the likelihood of any tendency toward differentiation, and show how chemical factors impose strong constraints on the deformational response of a rock.
Responding to mission creep: faculty members as cosmopolitan agents

Across the field of U.S. higher education, regional teaching and comprehensive universities are striving for national research status. This tendency has most often been explored at the organizational level, but in this paper, the views and actions of faculty members are the unit of analysis. Based on qualitative data, I put forward a three pronged frame-work that organizes overarching faculty responses to one university’s transition. I focus most specifically on one faculty response, which I call operationalizing in order to show how faculty members take agency in a moment of complex change that illuminates tensions between faculty, university leaders and the field of higher education, more generally. Contributing to the literature on faculty agency, mission creep/striving and change in higher education, I unpack specific ideas and practices that faculty used as they took agency over their careers.
Solid-state and proton NMR characterization of an iron(II) complex of a tridentate, facially coordinating N,N,O donor ligand

Abstract Despite the many enzymes that use 2-His-1-carboxylate facial triads to bind iron(II), there are few crystallographically characterized synthetic iron(II) complexes of tridentate ligands that bind through two imidazoles and one carboxylate. We report 1H NMR characterization of the equilibrium between one such ligand and aqueous Fe2+. The formation of 1:1 and 2:1 complexes is evident, but the 1:1 complex is never the exclusive compound in solution. This behavior has not been reported previously for N,N,O ligand–iron(II) complexes. The 2:1 ligand/iron complex crystallizes from solution, and it has been completely characterized including an X-ray crystal structure.
General properties of antennas

In antenna design there are some fundamental relationships based on reciprocity. The equivalence of antenna pattern in transmission and reception is well known. Less well known is the time-derivative relationship going from reception to transmission. These relationships are derived here and expressed in various useful forms. Electric and magnetic dipoles are given special consideration, and the combined form constructed as a terminated TEM transmission line (the BTW antenna) is discussed for its transmission and reception properties.
Contemporary diagnostic and management techniques for extraesophageal reflux disease.

Purpose of reviewTo review recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of extraesophageal reflux.Recent findingsFor most patients, the diagnosis of extraesophageal reflux relies on history and laryngoscopic exam. The reliability and reproducibility of reporting these measures may be improved with
Update: a protein microbolometer for focal plane arrays

The current infrared microbolometer technology using vanadium oxide material is not quite as sensitive as a cooled platinum silicide or cooled mercury cadmium telluride or indium antimonide array. The performance factor of the present IR bolometer needs to be improved by at least an order of magnitude to make a bolometric IR device comparable to the cooled detector arrays. I recently reported [1] that thin films of globular proteins such as cytochrome c exhibit a high temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) value of about 10% as compared with a value of 2.0 to 2.5% normally observed in VOx films. The measurements that were initially reported were taken two weeks after the thin films had been prepared. The measurement of the TCR values presented in this report were taken within three days of the films being prepared. These TCR values are very high, approximately 35% for temperatures between 25 and 60°C, and they have a sheet resistance around 1 to 2 Ω/cm2 with a current of 1 mA. The values of TCR were very uniform over the wafer surface, but the values varied slightly from wafer to wafer. It appears that a cytochrome c monolayer on metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) electronics could generate miniaturized, uncooled IR detector arrays that would be suitable for military and commercial applications that require very high performance and low-power drain. With these high TCR values, biological uncooled devices will have the potential for long-range thermal imaging applications comparable to cooled detectors.
Gender-based differential item functioning in common measures of body dissatisfaction.

Abstract Many widely used measures of body image were developed using all-female samples and thus may not adequately capture the male experience of body dissatisfaction. The current study examined differential item functioning (DIF) in three commonly-used measures of body image: The Body Shape Questionnaire ( N = 590, 39.7% male), the Body Dissatisfaction subscale of the Eating Disorders Inventory ( N = 529, 44.6% male), and the Shape and Weight Concern subscales of the Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire ( N = 1116, 43.5% male). Participants completed a series of measures evaluating body image and eating pathology. Results evidenced statistically significant DIF in several of the items; one item met criteria for clinically significant DIF. While most items did not evidence clinically elevated levels of DIF, additional evaluation is necessary in order to determine overall quality of the measures in terms of capturing the experience of male body image concerns.
Coarse-Grained Modeling of Minute-Timescale Co-Translational Membrane Protein Integration via the Sec-Translocon

Integration into the cell membrane in the correctly folded structure is essential for membrane protein function. Membrane protein integration takes place at the Sec-translocon and typically occurs during translation of the protein sequence. Although extensive structural data is available, study of the dynamics of Sec-facilitated membrane protein integration is difficult due to roles of long-timescale dynamics and ribosomal translation. We present a coarse grain simulation approach that is capable of reaching the experimentally relevant (i.e., minute) timescales, while retaining the level of detail required for reproducing available experimental data. The CG model enables direct simulation of the dynamics of co-translational integration at the Sec-translocon and analysis of the resulting trajectories provides mechanistic explanations for observed experimental data. We will demonstrate use of this CG model to investigate thermodynamic and kinetic factors that govern membrane protein topology, integration efficiency of trans-membrane domains, and hydrophilic loop translocation.
Enhancing ERP system's functionality with discrete event simulation

Purpose – To develop a methodology to augment enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems with the discrete event simulation's inherent ability to handle the uncertainties.Design/methodology/approach – The ERP system still contains and uses the material requirements planning (MRP) logic as its central planning function. As a result, the ERP system inherits a number of shortcomings associated with the MRP system, including unrealistic lead‐time determination. The developed methodology employs bi‐directional feedback between the non‐stochastic ERP system and the discrete event simulation model until a set of converged lead times is determined.Findings – An example of determining realistic production lead‐time data in the ERP system is presented to illustrate how such a marriage can be achieved.Research limitations/implications – The research demonstrates that the limited planning functionality of the ERP system can be complemented by external system such as discrete event simulation models. The specific step...
Cleveland Public Library: Revised Search Sheet

This search sheet updates the 1991 Cleveland Public Library search sheet published in the first edition of Search Sheets for OPACs on the Internet. It updates only the standard DRA commands. The keyword searching puts one in a different set of commands and requires a separate search sheet. There are several new commands, rel, t#, so, k, and a slight change in the I.P. address, 192.58.246.2. There are now menu prompts for limit if a search ends in a backward slash, for example: a=shakespeare\
Reaction kinetics and efficiencies for the hydroxyl and sulfate radical based oxidation of artificial sweeteners in water

Over the past several decades, the increased use of artificial sweeteners as dietary supplements has resulted in rising concentrations of these contaminants being detected in influent waters entering treatment facilities. As conventional treatments may not quantitatively remove these sweeteners, radical-based advanced oxidation and reduction (AO/RP) treatments could be a viable alternative. In this study, we have established the reaction kinetics for both hydroxyl (•OH) and sulfate (SO4•–) radical reaction with five common artificial sweeteners, as well as their associated reaction efficiencies. Rate constants for acesulfame K, aspartame, rebaudioside A, saccharin, and sucralose were <2 × 107, (2.28 ± 0.02) × 109, (2.1 ± 0.1) × 108, <2 × 107, and (1.7 ± 0.1) × 108 M–1 s–1 for the sulfate radical, and (3.80 ± 0.27) × 109, (6.06 ± 0.05) × 109, (9.97 ± 0.12) × 109, (1.85 ± 0.01) × 109, and (1.50 ± 0.01) × 109 M–1 s–1 for the hydroxyl radical, respectively. These latter values have to be combined with their c...
Mating Systems of Chaetodontid and Pomacanthid Fishes at St. Croix

Abstract Reproductive behavior and mating systems of two Caribbean chaetodontids, Chaetodon aculeatus and C. capistratus, and one pomacanthid, Holacanthus tricolor, were investigated at St. Croix. Sexual dimorphism in size, the abundance and distribution of fishes and their prey, and foraging and grouping patterns were examined. Differences in mating systems between species are related to differences in resource abundance and distribution, foraging patterns, and type of sex determination. Chaetodon aculeatus foraged solitarily during the day and mated a nearby individual at dusk. Pair formation occurred several evenings without spawning. C. capistratus was monogamous, and pairs foraged together in a home range during the day. Each pair spawned only once per evening, and it appeared that reproduction occurred at the same site each evening. Holacanthus tricolor foraged solitarily during the day on male territories. H. tricolor was a polygynist, and a dominant male spawned with up to three females, but females spawned only once per night. Zusammenfassung Chaetodon aculeatus schwimmt tagsuber solitar Nahrung suchend umher, gegen Abend schliesen sich Paare zusammen, auch ohne abzulaichen. Paare zeigen langdauernde Begrusungsrituale. Die Balz wahrt 10–15 min und endet mit einem Ablaichen je Abend. C. capistratus bildet Dauerpaare, die tagsuber zusammen fressen, abends laichen und nachts am selben Ort inaktiv sind. Die Balz enthalt dieselben Elemente wie bei der vorigen Art, dauert aber nur 2–6 min. Paare beginnen mit der Balz 20 min vor Sonnenuntergang und laichen nur einmal je Abend. Beide Arten sind ortstreue Riffbewohner, die von ihrem Streifgebiet leben, das sich wohl von einem monogamen Paar leichter erhalten last. C. capistratus laicht mit wenig Balz, C. aculeatus nur nach langer Balz, an der das Weibchen stark beteiligt ist; das Mannchen von Holacanthus tricolor, einer polygynen Art, mus seine Balz oft mehrfach wiederholen, bevor das Weibchen einwilligt. Hier ist das Balz-Repertoire groser und braucht mehr Zeit als bei den monogamen Arten, die nicht sexual-dimorph sind. H. tricolor-Mannchen sind 44 % groser als Weibchen. Je ahnlicher die Paar-Partner sind, und je langer sie beieinander sind, desto kurzer fallt die Balz aus, die wohl vornehmlich der Synchronisation dient. H. tricolor ist wahrscheinlich ein protogyner Hermaphrodit, bei dem das Mannchen-Individuum sich mit viel Aufwand die Dominanz sichern mus, um hohen Fortpflanzungserfolg zu haben. Abgelaicht wird generell an Orten und zu Zeiten, die geringe Gameten-verluste versprechen: Uber den Strukturen, die tagaktive Planktonfresser tragen, und in der Abenddammerung, wenn Planktonfresser inaktiver werden. Nachtliche Planktonfresser werden erst spater aktiv. Einige Arten scheinen bevorzugt in der Woche vor Vollmond zu laichen, wenn die Gezeitenbewegungen besonders stark sind und die Zygoten verteilen.
A study of lymph node polysomes and proteins during antibody production

Abstract The polysomes and soluble proteins of rabbit lymph nodes have been studied in animals stimulated to produce specific antibodies. By injecting 14C-labeled amino acids directly into the node, it is possible to follow their appearance initially onto the nascent polypeptides of polysomes and subsequently into soluble proteins. At the time of maximum response, over 60% of the total protein synthesis is directed toward immunoglobulin proteins. Specific antibody frequently accounts for more than 30% of total protein synthesis. Antibody activity and characteristic γG-immunoglobulin appear relatively rapidly in the node.
The prevalence of contraindications to total disc replacement in a cohort of lumbar surgical patients.

STUDY DESIGN This is a retrospective review of the epidemiology of contraindications to lumbar total disc replacement (TDR). OBJECTIVE To define the prevalence of contraindications to lumbar total disc replacement in a cohort of patients undergoing lumbar surgery in the senior author's (F.P.C.) practice. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA No published reports have documented the prevalence of contraindications to lumbar total disc replacement. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of 100 consecutive patients who had lumbar surgery by one surgeon between September and December 2002. Procedures performed and contraindications to TDR were recorded. Contraindications to TDR included central or lateral recess stenosis, facet arthrosis, spondylolysis or spondylolisthesis, herniated nucleus pulposus with radiculopathy, scoliosis, osteoporosis, and postsurgical pseudarthrosis or deficiency of posterior elements. Patients were divided into fusion and nonfusion groups. The percentage of patients without contraindications to TDR was calculated. RESULTS Of 100 patients, 56 had fusions and 44 had nonfusion surgery. In the fusion group, 56 of 56 patients had contraindications to TDR. In the nonfusion group, 11% (5 of 44) were candidates for TDR. Overall, 5% of patients in this series were candidates for TDR. The average number of contraindications to TDR was 2.48 (range, 0-5). CONCLUSIONS Predictions that TDR will replace fusion are premature. A small percentage (5%) of the patients currently indicated for lumbar surgery at our institution have no contraindications to TDR. Future growth in TDR implantation will result from the indication of patients for surgery who would not be indicated today or from the elimination of current contraindications.
Effect of carbon source on pyrimidine biosynthesis in Pseudomonas oryzihabitans

The effect of carbon source on the regulation of pyrimidine biosynthesis in the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas oryzihabitans was studied at the level of enzyme synthesis. Although pyrimidine supplementation of glucose-grown Ps. oryzihabitans cells produced a slight but statistically significant effect on the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway enzyme activities, catabolite repression of the enzyme activities by glucose appeared to be occurring. Pyrimidine limitation experiments undertaken using an orotidine 5'-monophosphate decarboxylase mutant strain grown on glucose indicated that repression of enzyme synthesis by pyrimidines was occurring. Following pyrimidine limitation of the mutant strain cells, dihydroorotase and dihydroorotate dehydrogenase activities were found to about double while aspartate transcarbamoylase and orotate phosphoribosyltransferase activities were slightly elevated compared to their activities in the mutant strain cells grown on excess uracil. (© 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)