cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Molecular Cooperation between the Werner Syndrome Protein and Replication Protein A in Relation to Replication Fork Blockage

The premature aging and cancer-prone disease Werner syndrome is caused by loss of function of the RecQ helicase family member Werner syndrome protein (WRN). At the cellular level, loss of WRN results in replication abnormalities and chromosomal aberrations, indicating that WRN plays a role in maintenance of genome stability. Consistent with this notion, WRN possesses annealing, exonuclease, and ATPase-dependent helicase activity on DNA substrates, with particularly high affinity for and activity on replication and recombination structures. After certain DNA-damaging treatments, WRN is recruited to sites of blocked replication and co-localizes with the human single-stranded DNA-binding protein replication protein A (RPA). In this study we examined the physical and functional interaction between WRN and RPA specifically in relation to replication fork blockage. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that damaging treatments that block DNA replication substantially increased association between WRN and RPA in vivo, and a direct interaction between purified WRN and RPA was confirmed. Furthermore, we examined the combined action of RPA (unmodified and hyperphosphorylation mimetic) and WRN on model replication fork and gapped duplex substrates designed to bind RPA. Even with RPA bound stoichiometrically to this gap, WRN efficiently catalyzed regression of the fork substrate. Further analysis showed that RPA could be displaced from both substrates by WRN. RPA displacement by WRN was independent of its ATPase- and helicase-dependent remodeling of the fork. Taken together, our results suggest that, upon replication blockage, WRN and RPA functionally interact and cooperate to help properly resolve replication forks and maintain genome stability.
16.2: Cold versus Hot Alignment in Projection Display Lamp Reflector Module Manufacturing

Lamp reflector modules built for the projection display market use traditionally a hot manufacturing process where the lamp is being aligned inside a reflector while it is ignited. We present an alternative cold alignment process that reduces production costs in high volume and improves output reproducibility and stability (lifetime).
Radical graft functional modification of cellulose with allyl monomers: Chemistry and structure characterization

Abstract Cotton cellulose was successfully functionalized via a free radical graft polymerization process. Potassium persulfate served as an effective water soluble radical initiator to generate cellulosic radicals. The polymeric radicals could react with allyl monomers such as allyl-dimethylhydantion (ADMH) to form surface grafted cellulose. The reaction sites generated by potassium persulfate were probably at carbon 3 and 4 in glucose ring via oxidative hydrogen abstraction. The cellulosic radicals can initiate grafting polymerization of ADMH with a maximum polymerization degree of about 12 based on LC–MS results. The radical graft polymerization mechanisms were proposed based on LC–ESI/MS analysis. The ideal covalent bonding between cellulose and poly (allyl-dimethylhydantion) (PADMH) ensured permanent graft of the monomers on cotton and durability of the expected functions on the treated cotton.
Publication Games: Reflections on Reis and Stiller

Reis and Stiller (this issue) present data on publication trends in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology for the past 25 years. They interpret these data as reflecting a greater complexity in the science of social psychology and argue that this greater complexity represents progress in scientific knowledge. Although it is hard to argue against the idea that our research papers are becoming more complex, it is by no means certain that complexity indicates progress or increase in knowledge. The Reis-Stiller data might better be interpreted as the result of publication games in which authors are pitted against editors and reviewers for use of journal pages. This argument leads to discussion of some misconceptions of the publication game and some problems that are produced when authors and reviewers and editors interpret the rules of the publication game differently.
System generator for producing manufacturing applications

The Application System Generator (ASG/pc) offers powerful capabilities for integrating the personal computer into problem-solving in manufacturing engineering. Implemented on PentiumTM-class personal computers, it provides an easy-to-use, application-building platform for mathematically based solutions to a variety of engineering problems. The ASG/pc provides a master editor for incrementally developing the complete environment of an entire application. Such an application may entail hundreds of programs, most of which are automatically generated. These programs also include color-coded textual and graphic screen interactions, keyboard control, file management, and access to auxiliary equipment. The ASG/pc is designed for use by the application-domain engineer who will also be the end user of the technology. Facilities are provided for the integration of components developed through teamwork. Two applications of the ASG/pc are described: one is in the domain of rapid-response machining; the second is a system for rapid analysis and redesign of the factory floor. The ASG/pc was designed to facilitate an incremental, self-learning process.
Biliary Excretion of Lysosomal Enzymes, Iron, and Oxidized Protein in Fischer-344 and Sprague-Dawley Rats and the Effects of Diquat and Acetaminophen

Administration of hepatotoxic doses of diquat to male Fischer-344 rats increases biliary excretion of nonheme iron, whereas comparably hepatotoxic doses of acetaminophen decrease biliary export of iron. The effects of acetaminophen and diquat on the activities in bile of representative lysosomal enzymes, β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (β-NAG) and β-glucuronidase (β-GLUC) were examined as a means of assessing the possible role of lysosomal exocytosis in the effects of these hepatotoxins on biliary excretion of iron. In pentobarbital-anesthetized male Fischer-344 rats, diquat at 0.1 mmol/kg increased the biliary export of biliary β-NAG and β-GLUC, in conjunction with similar increases in iron. Sprague-Dawley rats, which are resistant to diquat-induced hepatic necrosis despite showing marked oxidant stress responses, showed no increases in biliary efflux of iron, β-NAG, or β-GLUC in response to diquat. Conversely, acetaminophen at doses of 400 or 1500 mg/kg markedly decreased biliary concentrations and efflux rates of β-NAG and β-GLUC in Fischer-344 rats in parallel with decreases in biliary iron, suggesting that the hepatotoxin-induced effects on biliary iron excretion may be mediated through effects on lysosomal exocytosis. Both acetaminophen and diquat increased total protein content of bile in both strains of rats; however, the proteins excreted after administration of diquat to Fischer-344 rats showed marked increases in contents of protein carbonyls, as assayed with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, whereas biliary proteins in acetaminophen-treated animals were not more oxidized than in controls. Sprague-Dawley rats given diquat showed no increase in the biliary excretion of protein carbonyls, despite the increased excretion of glutathione disulfide observed in these animals. The significant increases in biliary excretion of protein carbonyls by the diquat-treated Fischer-344 rats suggest oxidation of cellular proteins catalyzed by chemically reactive iron chelates and the excretion of at least some of the oxidized proteins to the bile, possibly through lysosomal exocytosis. The effects of acetaminophen on biliary protein excretion do not appear to involve oxidation.
The Federal Trade Commission and the Regulation of Advertising in the Consumer Interest

Behavioral science research has uncovered various facets of consumer behavior that have significance in setting standards for protection from advertising abuse. This article suggests that the Feder...
Commercializing MEMS--too fast or too slow?

MEMS as a technology base is coming of age, but as in any vital process growing pains occur. Commercializing MEMS is simultaneously viewed as agonizingly slow by many of its promoters and lightingly quick by many companies whose products are being replaced with MEMS based substitutes. This effort ties current efforts in market analysis, technology evaluations, competency based strategy in an effort to understand the pace of MEMS commercialization.
The Banerjee-Wolfe and GCD Tests on Exact Data Dependence Information

The GCD test and the Banerjee?Wolfe test are the two tests traditionally used to determine statement data dependence, subject to direction vectors, in automatic vectorization/parallelization of loops. In an earlier study, a sufficient condition for the accuracy of the Banerjee?Wolfe test was stated and proved. In that work, we only considered the case of general data dependence, i.e., the case of data dependence without direction vector information. In this paper, we extend the previous result to the case of data dependence subject to an arbitrary direction vector. We also state and prove a sufficient condition for the accuracy of a combination of the GCD and Banerjee?Wolfe tests. Furthermore, we show that the sufficient conditions, for the accuracy of the Banerjee?Wolfe test and the accuracy of a combination of the GCD and Banerjee?Wolfe tests are necessary conditions as well. Finally, we demonstrate how these results can be used in actual practice to obtain exact data dependence information.
Criminal justice, law, and policy in Indian country: A historical perspective

Abstract A historical analysis is presented of the American Indian criminal justice system, in the broader context of federal policy and case law that evolved for dealing with the “Indian problem.” Specifically, the evolution of Indian police, courts, and corrections subsystems is delineated, including analysis of the myriad social problems that have plagued Indians, criminal justice practitioners, and federal policymakers for centuries. The philosophical struggle between the traditional methods of Indian “justice” and the Americanized system, as imposed by the majority group, is also analyzed. It is concluded that federal paternalism and vacillating policy decisions led to slavery, genocide, cultural conflict, and an Indian justice system that has been largely neglected since its inception.
Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Gating Requires Cytosolic Electrolytes

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), which causes cystic fibrosis when nonfunctional, is an anion channel and a member of the ATP binding cassette superfamily. After phosphorylation, CFTR gates by binding and hydrolyzing ATP. We show that CFTR open probability (P(o)) also depends on the electrolyte concentration of the cytosol. Inside-out patches from Calu-3 cells were transiently exposed to solutions of 160 mm salt or solutions in which up to 90% of the salt was replaced by nonionic osmolytes such as sucrose. In lowered salt solutions, CFTR P(o) declined within 1 s to a stable lower value that depended on the electrolyte concentration, (K(1/2) approximately 80 mm NaCl). P(o) was rapidly restored in normal salt concentrations without regard to the electrolyte species. Reducing external electrolytes did not affect CFTR P(o). The same results were obtained when CFTR was stably phosphorylated with adenosine 5'-O-(thiotriphosphate). The decrease in P(o) resulted entirely from an increase in mean closed time. Increasing ATP levels up to 20-fold did not counteract the effect of low electrolytes. The same effect was observed for CFTR expressed in C127 cells but not for a different species of anion channel. Cytosolic electrolytes are an unsuspected, essential cofactor for CFTR gating.
Therapeutic Options for the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Metabolic Syndrome

The increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome has created an impetus to prevent complications such as diabetes. There are no defined treatments for metabolic syndrome apart from addressing each of its components such as obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia. To evaluate diabetes-prevention strategies, we performed a Medline search and identified evidence suggesting that lifestyle intervention and certain medications can prevent diabetes. In addition, there are several agents on the horizon that seem promising. The mechanism responsible for diabetes prevention relates to improved insulin resistance as a result of weight loss or other processes. Lifestyle interventions and medications such as metformin are effective and safe in long-term prevention studies. However, the safety and efficacy of newer agents need clarification.
Decision model for selection of technologies to reduce IT operations energy cost in a medium-sized firm

This study focuses on the technology purchasing decisions of a mid-sized firm (500 employees) that increase the energy efficiency of its computing systems while meeting its business objectives. For example, if company growth requires implementation of a more robust and up-to-date customer tracking system and includes hiring 10 new employees, what course should be followed to ensure a reduction in energy consumption as well as the achievement of company business goals? Should the company purchase a couple of additional servers with limited capacity for growth or should the company replace 20 aging rack servers with six state-of-the-art servers for consolidation and the hosting of virtual machines? And should the company supply the new employees with new cathode ray tube (CRT) monitors or recycle some that have been in storage? There are several alternatives that the firm can use to achieve its goals. This paper evaluates four energy efficiency technologies with respect to their impact on the reduction in e...
Wear of 6061 aluminum test specimens during an in-bed exposure to an AFB cold model environment

Abstract A test, designed to generate wear data from nine well-characterized test specimens, was conducted in a 1.83 m × 1.83 m fluidized bed cold model. Conducting this experiment in a non-reacting cold model subjected the test specimens to wear within the bed without the complications of corrosive chemistry. The test specimens, fabricated from 6061 aluminum pipe, were positioned horizontally in the bed and exposed to freely bubbling conditions. A slumped bed depth of 69.8 cm was used for the test. The nine test specimens were positioned on three rods in a single row 34.9 cm above the distributor plate. The bed material was Ohio River gravel with a mass weighted particle diameter of 3.314 mm. During the 150 h test period a fluidizing velocity of 213.4 cm s −1 was maintained. Results indicate that the in-bed wear forces were not equal at the cross-sectional elevation of the test specimens. The average wear rate for the nine aluminum test specimens was 2.155 mm 3 h −1 . Additionally, the tube wall thickness degradation was not constant as a function of circumferential position.
Isolation of an Arabidopsis thaliana casein kinase II beta subunit by complementation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Casein kinase II is thought to play an essential role in the control of cell division and differentiation in all eukaryotes. Through complementation of a defective casein kinase II catalytic subunit gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we isolated an Arabidopsis thaliana casein kinase II regulatory subunit homologue, CKB1. A second regulatory subunit was identified by low-stringency hybridization with CKB1. Casein kinase II from S. cerevisiae is composed of two catalytic (α) and two regulatory (β) subunits. Simultaneous disruption of the genes for the α and α′ subunits, CKA1 and CKA2, respectively, is lethal. Strain YDH8 has disruptions of CKA1 and CKA2; its viability depends on a temperature-sensitive allele of CKA2, cka2–8, carried on a centromeric plasmid. We screened an A. thaliana cDNA library, whose inserts are under the control of the galactose-inducible GAL10 promoter, for cDNAs which enabled YDH8 cells to grow at the restrictive temperature. One cDNA, CKB1, was isolated by this screen which had homology to cDNAs of casein kinase II β subunits. A second cDNA, CKB2, was isolated by hybridization and was also able to suppress the YDH8 mutant phenotype. The proteins encoded by CKB1 and CKB2 are 80% identical. The carboxy-terminal two thirds of both proteins is ca. 54% identical to the regulatory β subunits of casein kinase II from other species. The amino termini are unrelated to any other known proteins. CKB1 and CKB2 lack the conserved autophosphorylation site characteristic of animal β subunits, but have potential casein kinase II phosphorylation sites in the same region. Suppression of the cka1 Δ cka2–8 mutant phenotype occurs by interaction of CKB1 with the defective, cka2–8-encoded, catalytic subunit. Cells with disruptions in CKA1 and CKA2 are not rescued by expression of CKB1.
Histologic features are important prognostic indicators in early stages lung adenocarcinomas.

This study attempts to evaluate the clinicopathologic features of mixed subtype adenocarcinomas and the prognostic implications of histopathology classifications. Surgical specimens from 141 patients with clinical stage I or II lung adenocarcinoma during the period 1992-2004 were included. These cases were classified into four groups defined by the extent of the bronchioloalveolar carcinoma component: group I: pure bronchioloalveolar carcinoma; group II: mixed subtype with predominant bronchioloalveolar carcinoma component and 5 mm invasive component; group IV: invasive carcinoma with no bronchioloalveolar carcinoma component. Descriptive statistics were used to examine the groups with respect to age, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and Ki-67 and p53 expression levels. Death rate for the groups was obtained by patient's charts and from the National Death Index database. The population was similar in age, tumor size and lymph node metastasis. Immunohistochemical results showed that the mean Ki-67 labeling and the amount of p53 overexpression had the same trend of increasing mean values or positive results from groups I to IV. The reported proportion of deaths ranged from 0% for groups I and II, 20% in patients with predominant invasive component with bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (group III), and 18% in patients with invasive carcinomas and no bronchioloalveolar carcinoma component (group IV). The difference between the proportion of patients with reported deaths in the time period of this study in the combined greater than 5 mm+pure invasive groups (groups III, IV), and the < 5 mm + noninvasive groups (groups I, II) is statistically significant. These results suggest that histological features may be useful in defining categories of lung adenocarcinomas with differing survival and prognostic features. These results are helpful in defining a subcategory of 'minimally invasive adenocarcinoma', which has features similar to bronchioloalveolar carcinoma.
Visceral hypersensitivity in noncardiac chest pain

Noncardiac chest pain (NCCP) is characterized by episodes of substernal chest pain or discomfort that is not burning in quality. NCCP should be diagnosed only after excluding nonesophageal causes such as cardiac, musculoskeletal, pleuritic, pulmonary, and other disorders. NCCP affects both men and women of all age groups. The exact prevalence of NCCP is not known, but it is a common disorder. For example, up to 30% of the coronary angiograms performed in the United States are normal or have findings that do not explain their symptoms, and many of these patients ultimately are diagnosed with NCCP. The mechanisms of pain currently implicated in NCCP include acid reflux, esophageal dysmotility, psychologic comorbidity, and visceral hypersensitivity. The anatomic site responsible for the development of visceral hypersensitivity in patients with NCCP is not known; however, potential locations include sensory receptors in the esophagus, abnormalities in the extrinsic sensory afferent neurons, and upregulation of sensory information in the central nervous system (CNS). This article reviews some of the evidence for the potential pathophysiologic mechanisms of visceral hypersensitivity in patients who have NCCP. Definition of visceral hypersensitivity Visceral hypersensitivity is a phenomenon in which the conscious perception of visceral sensation is intensified independent of the intensity of the stimulus. Sensations within the esophagus arise from chemoreceptors that recognize acid, mechanoreceptors that recognize distension, and thermoreceptors that recognize temperature.
Making sense of ethics in engineering education: a discursive examination of students' perceptions of work and ethics on multidisciplinary project teams

Multidisciplinary project teams in engineering education allow students to gain experience with engineering on a professional and practical level, while still maintaining a supportive learning environment. This context reflects the team-based and multidisciplinary nature of much professional engineering work. In an increasingly complex environment that requires collaboration across cultures and disciplines, training for young engineers must prepare them not only to be able to work effectively with diverse groups of people, but also to become ethical decision makers in this ethically complex environment. As ethics plays a major role in students' work and learning in engineering education, it is important to examine how they understand and interpret ethical issues as they are encountered, as well as how academic programs shape and frame these issues as students begin to develop the ethical decision making skills that will guide them throughout their careers. This paper examines the reflexive nature of how students interpret and make sense of their work in an engineering education context, and how this context may impact students' development and understanding of ethical decision making. The authors examine multidisciplinary project teams in different engineering education programs to see how students in these teams relate to one another, to the team itself, and how they understand ethics in this context.
On the geometry and electronic properties of the FeS site of the two-iron ferredoxins

Abstract Semi-empirical LCAO MO theory has been used to calculate ground-state wavefunctions for models of the oxidized form of the two-iron ferredoxins. A large number of conformers were examined. Geometrical variations included FeFe distance, SbSb distance, and ScFeSc angle. Ground-state wavefunctions were used to calculate field-gradient tensors and subsequently quadrupolar splittings and asymmetry parameters. Best models were determined from a reasonable fit of Mossbauer results to experimental data.
Cognitive radios methodology for dynamic spectrum allocation in broadband wireless cellular/public safety network systems

The explosive demands of real-time multimedia services in broadband wireless 4G cellular/public safety (PS) network systems impose challenges on efficient spectrum utilization. In this paper, we consider the use of cognitive radio network (CRN) methodology for distributed cooperative spectrum sensing enabling efficient dynamic spectrum allocation and management. CRs join and leave the systems under different conditions. We use the semi-Markov random process to model the dynamic behavior of the number of CR users and log-normal and Pareto distributions to model the cooperation time in the analytical derivation of the dynamic probability mass function of the number of CR's. Closed form expressions are obtained for the dynamic probabilities of detection and false alarm for cooperative spectrum sensing over fading channels for cellular and PS systems. Several simulations are provided illustrating the usefulness of these models for dynamic spectrum allocation for potential practical system analysis and design.
Augmentative Releases of Entomophagous Species in Annual Cropping Systems

Abstract Augmentative releases, because of their repetitive nature, are often more expensive and time consuming than importation methods of biological control, and thus have been considered a less desirable approach to biological control. From the view of semipermanent ecosystems, e.g., orchards, this perspective may be appropriate; however, for annually disturbed habitats, periodic releases may be the biological control method of choice. Matching the characteristics of annual cropping systems to appropriate natural enemies would expand the basis for using entomophagous species in augmentative releases. When this approach is used, selection of natural enemies for augmentative releases would move beyond the ability to mass rear entomophagous species. A focus on quality control, enhanced effectiveness of released individuals, and ecological and economic assessment of releases is required to increase the use of augmentative biological control in annual cropping systems. Increased knowledge of the biosystematics and basic biology of entomophagous species is necessary to use these species effectively in augmentation programs.
Is an enclave sector a cure for unemployment in LDCs

Abstract In the framework of a simple general equilibrium model, this paper demonstrates that the establishment of an enclave sector through foreign capital inflow does not always reduce employment in a labor surplus developing economy. We point out a case where such capital inflows paradoxically accentuate the problem of unemployment in the host economy.
Effect of Water on Toughness of MgO Crystals

It was possible to drive plastically blunted cleavage cracks through double cantilever beam specimens of impure MgO monocrystals in a series of small propagations. The forces required to propagate the cracks often defined a fairly constant apparent surface energy and provided an environment-sensitive measure of toughness. Apparent surface energies between 1700 and 3100 ergs/cm2 were obtained on MgO crystals tested in air. Values of apparent surface energy obtained from crystals tested in a low water content environment agreed well with values obtained on the same specimens in air, suggesting that water vapor in laboratory air does not significantly affect the toughness of MgO. Specimens tested while immersed in water, however, were approximately 30% tougher than those tested in air and exhibited a faceted fracture surface in contrast to the relatively smooth fracture surface produced in air.
Response to a Single Dose of Sildenafil in Single-Ventricle Patients: An Echocardiographic Evaluation

New evidence of increased phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) in hypertrophied human myocardium suggests that sildenafil, a selective PDE-5 inhibitor, may improve muscle contraction and therefore improve ventricular function. The purpose of this study was to compare ventricular function as assessed by echocardiography in 10 surgically palliated single-ventricle patients at baseline and again after a single dose of sildenafil. The velocity time integral of the ventricular outflow tract was increased 2 h after sildenafil administration (p = 0.01), thus suggesting an improvement in cardiac output.
Compartmental analysis of Na efflux across ileum mucosal membrane.

A new tracer analysis technique has been developed for efflux from a three compartment series system. With this technique, results are based on pools contributing to efflux and not on total tissue pools. The use of this technique is illustrated in a study of Na efflux across the luminal membrane of rabbit ileum. Na efflux was described by two exponentials with half-times of 1.78 min and 13.5 min. The fast component, with a flux of 68.0 μmoles/h cm2 and a calculated Na concentration of 166 mM, was identified as an extracellular compartment. The slow component, with a flux of 13.2 μmoles/h cm2 and Na concentration of 86 mM, was identified with efflux across the mucosal membrane of epithelial cells.
Numerical Simulation of Acoustic Streaming in Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow

Acoustic streaming phenomena pertaining to liquid-gas two-phase flow in a one-dimensional rigid duct is investigated numerically. The oscillatory bubbly flow is generated due to the sinusoidal vibration of the vertical left wall of the enclosure. Time-averaged streaming flow patterns exist in the duct as a consequence of interaction between gas bubbles and liquid which are similar to the Rayleigh-type acoustic streaming phenomena extensively investigated in single-phase flow. The liquid is treated as incompressible with a homogeneous distribution of non-condensable gas bubbles. The system is modeled with coupled nonlinear and flux-conservative partial differential equations combined with the Rayleigh-Plesset equation governing the bubble radius. The viscous interaction between bubbles and the surrounding incompressible liquid phase is the main mechanism for attenuation of the wave energy considered in this analysis. The numerical solutions are obtained by a control-volume based finite-volume Lagrangian method.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
An experimental investigation on viscoelastic behavior in tunable planar RF-MEMS resonators

In this paper, the viscoelastic behavior of a tunable RF-MEMS resonator and its impacts are studied by means of direct RF measurements for the first time. This tunable resonator consists of one lambda/2 coplanar waveguide (CPW) Resonator and two nanocrystalline-Ni RF-MEMS varactors. S-parameters of this tunable resonator have been measured for 80 hours under a bi-state bias condition of 0 and 40 V. It is demonstrated that the resonant frequency is shifted by 90 MHz and the varactor deformed by 0.12 1m over the 80 hour period. The gap of the loaded varactor is extracted from the measured S-parameters using finite-element analysis (FEA) tools. A generalized Voigt-Kelvin model is employed to verify the viscoelastic behavior of the resonator. The creep compliance extracted from the RF measurements is in excellent agreement with results in literature.
Case Article---Beijing Opera Mask Sales in Four Cities in the United States

The Beijing Opera Theater Company organizes four shows a year in the United States, each in a different city. The company sells two styles of souvenir masks during each show. The case narrative is created as the retail manager of the Beijing Opera Theater Company consults her previous MBA professor to seek guidance on available resources to make cost-and service-effective ordering decisions. Available information includes historic demand data of masks and relevant costs and revenues. Other issues discussed include development of a demand forecast for a new site, analysis of the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on the orders, and leftover shipping options. EasyFitXL, a module of Excel, is used to conduct all analyses to arrive at final decisions. The methodology used to solve the case is the newsvendor model, which is appropriate for making ordering decisions in respect to seasonal, perishable, and short life-cycle items that face uncertain demand. The case requires curve-fitting skills and use of expertise related to the the newsvendor model. It can be utilized by faculty, students, consultants, and practitioners in the areas of operations and supply chain management, operations research, management science, quantitative methods, and industrial engineering to enhance inventory planning expertise. Case Teaching Note: Interested Instructors please see the Instructor Materials page for access to the restricted materials. To maintain the integrity and usefulness of cases published in ITE, unapproved distribution of the case teaching notes and other restricted materials to any other party is prohibited.
Tobler's First Law and Spatial Analysis

I never thought that others would take them so much more seriously then I did. —Albert Einstein on his theories “I invoke the first law of geography: everything is related to everything else, but n...
Electroless Deposition of Silver by Galvanic Displacement on Aluminum Alloyed with Copper

In this paper, a procedure is described for the electroless deposition of silver on films containing 99.5% aluminum and 0.5% copper. The deposition proceeds in the absence of external reducing agents via the galvanic displacement mechanism by which silver cations are reduced and copper is oxidized. Although aluminum is a stronger reducing agent than copper, the galvanic displacement of aluminum by silver is not observed with pure (99.997%) aluminum substrates. By alloying aluminum with copper, aluminum films are made amenable to electroless deposition of silver by galvanic displacement. To generate a clean surface for electroless deposition with a controlled and minimal thickness of surface oxide, the aluminum films alloyed with copper are anodized in oxalic acid and etched in a mixture of chromic and phosphoric acids. Thinning of the barrier aluminum oxide during etching and deposition of silver particles are monitored with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Analysis of EIS data indicates that...
Current pharmacotherapy of nocturia

Introduction: Nocturia is a bothersome urologic symptom and is defined as awakening from sleep once or more times to void. The condition is highly prevalent in men and women and increases in prevalence with age. Impact on quality of life is substantial as is the associated morbidity and mortality. Areas covered: A PubMed literature search was undertaken to identify evidence for the currently available and utilized pharmacotherapy options for the treatment of nocturia. Available pharmacologic treatments include desmopressin, α-blockers, antimuscarinics, and other less commonly utilized therapies. Desmopressin is generally found to have high-level evidence to support its use for the indication of nocturnal polyuria, a form of nocturia caused by excessive nighttime urine production. α-blockers and antimuscarinics are generally recommended in the setting of benign prostatic hypertrophy in men and overactive bladder in both men and women. Expert opinion: Clinical trials addressing nocturia often report statist...
Prohead and DNA-gp3-dependent ATPase activity of the DNA packaging protein gp16 of bacteriophage φ29☆

Abstract The ATPase activity of the DNA packaging protein gp16 (gene product 16) of bacteriophage φ29 was studied in the completely defined in-vitro assembly system. ATP was hydrolyzed to ADP and P i in the packaging reaction that included purified proheads, DNA-gp3 and gp16. Approximately one molecule of ATP was used in the packaging of 2 base-pairs of φ29 DNA, or 9 × 10 3 ATP molecules per virion. The hydrolysis of ATP by gp16 was both prohead and DNA-gp3 dependent. gp16 contained both the “A-type” and the “B-type” ATP-binding consensus sequences (Walker et al. , 1982) and the predicted secondary structure for ATP binding. The A-type sequence of gp16 was “basic-hydrophobic region-G-X 2 -G-X-G-K-S-X 7 -hydrophobic”, and similar sequences were found in the phage DNA packaging proteins gpA of lambda, gp19 of T7 and gp17 of T4. Having both the ATP-binding and potential magnesium-binding domains, all of these proteins probably function as ATPases and may have common prohead-binding capabilities. The φ29 protein gp3, covalently bound to the DNA, may be analogous in function to proteins gpNu1 of lambda and gp1 of φ21 that bind the DNA.
Cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP may mediate opposite neuronal responses in the rat cerebral cortex

Electrophysiologically identified pyramidal tract neurons in the rat cerebral cortex were tested with norepinephrine, acetylcholine, adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP), and guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) applied by microiontophoresis. The neurons were usually inhibited by norepinephrine and cyclic AMP, but excited by acetylcholine and cyclic GMP. These opposing responses of pyramidal tract neurons to cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP suggests that these two nucleotides could function as reciprocal intracellular second messengers for norepinephrine and acetylcholine, respectively.
Posterior lobe of the pituitary gland and the metabolism of lipides.

THE acetone extract from posterior pituitary lobes of cattle includes a number of substances of special interest. One of these substances decreases the growth-rate of young animals, plant seedlings and transplantable mouse carcinoma1–3. Another substance when injected into white mice of practically cancer-free strain causes the appearance of malignant tumours in about 25 per cent of the animals treated4.
Social Anxiety and Positive Outcome Expectancies on Risk-Taking Behaviors

We examined the hypothesis that under specific conditions, socially anxious individuals may be risk-prone as opposed to risk-averse in domains such as heavy drinking, illicit drug use, unsafe sexual practices, and aggression. A college-aged sample, predominantly women, completed a series of questionnaires on social anxiety and risk-taking behavioral intentions. Results of hierarchical regression analyses indicated that positive outcome expectancies moderated relationships between social anxiety and sexual risk-taking and aggression. Socially anxious individuals expecting desirable outcomes reported the greatest risk-taking behavioral intentions. Socially anxious individuals expecting less desirable outcomes reported the least risk-taking intentions. Social anxiety interaction effects were not accounted for by other anxiety and depressive symptoms. Data suggested that social anxiety was also positively related to illicit drug use. Although preliminary, these significant findings suggest that a subset of socially anxious individuals may engage in risky activities that likely serve the purpose of regulating emotions.
Management of chronic lung disease of the premature infant

Summary Chronic lung disease (CLD) of the premature, also known as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), is a disease of multifactorial aetiology that primarily affects premature infants. The management of these infants requires a multidisciplinary approach, and is largely supportive. The focal points in the care of these infants are the optimisation of respiratory care and nutritional status. This review presents management strategies for CLD and the supporting evidence. Although significant progress has been made in caring for infants with CLD, further research is required to fully understand and prevent the disease, or at least minimise its severity.
Interactions between Polymer-Coated Surfaces in Poor Solvents. 1. Surfaces Grafted with A and B Homopolymers

Using a two-dimensional self-consistent field theory, we investigate the interaction between two planar surfaces where (1) each surface is grafted with both A and B homopolymers and (2) one surface...
A comparative study of speech disfluencies in nonstuttering black and white college athletes

Abstract Speech samples elicited from nonstuttering black subjects and from nonstuttering white subjects were compared for degree and nature of disfluencies. Ninety-two male college athletes were screened in the areas of articulation, voice, fluency, and hearing. A 100-word conversational speech sample and a 200-word reading sample were elicited from subjects who passed the screening (28 black athletes and 29 white athletes). Both the spontaneous speech samples and the reading samples were rated for disfluency by three clinically certified speech-language pathologists. The black subjects exhibited significantly more total disfluencies in reading than did the white subjects; in terms of disfluency differences by type, the black subjects displayed significantly more word and phrase repititions. No significant differences were found between the subject groups for total disfluencies in conversation, although the white subjects did display significantly more hesitations. Grammatically, both subject groups were most disfluent on pronouns, nouns, adverbs, verbs, and adjectives, consistent with research findings on the loci of speech disfluencies.
How Does Your Anger Bubble Up? An Intervention for Anger, Grief and Loss, and Relapse Prevention

The popularity of the term anger management and its presence in media culture has influenced the mental health field, though research on interventions primarily focuses on cognitive behavioral stra...
On the Supposed Effect of Iodocasein Upon Egg Production

Abstract THREE recent papers in this journal by Turner et al. (1945, 1945a. 1946) and a review by Reineke (1946) report experiments which led these writers to conclude that iodinated casein, a substance having the properties of thyroxine, has a marked stimulatory effect upon the production of eggs by domestic fowls. In most of the experiments this effect was believed to be exerted chiefly during the months of late spring and early summer, when production normally declines, but in one test (Turner et al., 1946, Lot IV) the treated birds laid better throughout the year. Since any such effect would have considerable economic value, it seemed desirable to repeat the experiments. THE EXPERIMENT Birds.—Single Comb White Leghorn pullets of the C and K strains resistant to lymphomatosis (Hutt and Cole, 1947) were utilized. The total number enrolled at the start of these trials was 401, these being divided in four . . .
A Physically Based Soil Moisture and Microwave Emissivity Data Set for Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Applications

The joint National Aeronautics and Space Administration and Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission will provide considerably more observations over complex and dynamically changing land backgrounds. A physically based precipitation retrieval using GPM's satellite constellation of passive microwave (PMW) observations has to accommodate the spatially and temporally varying radiometric signature of the land surface to constrain the set of candidate rainfall solutions. The challenge for retrieval algorithms is to identify and isolate precipitation profiles whose simulated observations agree with the satellite observations and are also representative of the surface conditions. Microwave emissivity modeling results are presented from a physically based land algorithm that retrieves soil moisture, vegetation water content, and surface temperature, along with the emissivity using polarized 10, 18, and 37 GHz channel measurements from the WindSat sensor onboard the Coriolis satellite, and results from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI). The emissivity mean, coefficient of variation, covariance, and correlation slope are examined for the range of clear-scene surface properties observed by WindSat and TRMM between 2003–2012 and 2002–2011, respectively, under a range of seasons, time of day, rain events, etc. These joint data provide a means to examine the extent to which the surface geophysical properties control the microwave land surface emissivity covariability, to better utilize these lower frequency observations in overland PMW-based precipitation retrievals.
Effects of conductivity in electric-field-induced aggregation in electrorheological fluids.

We examine how the interfacial polarization of the particles affects the electric-field-induced aggregation in electrorheological (ER) fluids. We derive a microstructure-based equation for the free energy of a conducting suspension for the case of a random arrangement of the particles, and show that the thermodynamic properties of a suspension are strongly influenced by the dielectric relaxation. According to our theory, in dc electric fields the particles aggregate only provided that a certain relation between the ratio of the particle-to-suspending liquid dielectric constants and that of the conductances is satisfied. Moreover, we predict that the slow aggregation, which takes place when the conductivity effects determine the interparticle forces, will occur in relatively low dc electric fields, whereas the rapid aggregation, when conductivity effects do not contribute to the interparticle forces, will occur in relatively high dc electric fields. The theory also provides insight into why the electric-field-induced strength of the fully developed microstructure in ER fluids depends on the particle-to-suspending liquid ratio of the conductances and why there exists a correlation between the ER activity of a suspension and its dielectric spectrum. The predictions of the theory are consistent with the currently available experimental data on ER fluids.
On the Analysis of Global Team Performance

Motivated by the need to achieve high profitability, many projects are delivered through teams distributed between a home country and one or more global development countries. As globalization becomes more widespread, problems with productivity and quality have surfaced. To maximize the benefit of utilizing a global team, a quantitative analysis is required to relate the global team performance to the underlying factors affecting the team. Starting from a general model that relates project size, effort, duration, and productivity, we show how effort and duration changes affect productivity. Using this model we show how to address the combined impact of multiple globalization factors, each causing changes in effort and duration, on productivity. Then, we focus on analyzing the individual effects of globalization factors on performance, such as under-communication due to time zone differences, work hour slippage due to working time alignment issues (different vacation periods, holidays, and regular working hours), and additional effort due to language barriers. For each of those factors, we further quantify the additional effort and time needed in global project delivery. Combining these results, we estimate the potential team productivity, and the change in cost of delivering a project as a function of the globalization factors and project characteristics.
Integro-differential perturbation of non-Kerr law solitons

Abstract The soliton perturbation theory is used to obtain the adiabatic parameter dynamics of the perturbed solitons that are governed by the generalized nonlinear Schrodinger's equation. The peturbation terms considered in this paper are due to nonlinear damping (gain) while the others are of nonlocal type.
Passion and Aggression: The Meaning of Werther's Last Letter*

This paper is about “Werther and his Readers.” That includes contemporary readers of the novel, among them Johann Christian and Charlotte Kestner; it includes critics and scholars; and last but not least, it includes Lotte, the recipient of Werther's last letter, a letter which has been largely ignored in the criticism of Goethe's novel. I have taken a less positive view of Werther than most critics, by concentrating on Werther's asocial behavior, his aggressions, and on acts which can even be called “criminal.” This does not detract from Goethe's truly remarkable achievement in Die Leiden des jungen Werthers, it only adds another dimension. Instead of a novel of sentimentality, the novel becomes thereby a story of obsession and madness, a portrayal of the passions of illicit love. My discussion is based throughout on the first version of the novel published in 1774, which is, in some respects, artistically more successful than the revised version of 1787.