cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intravenous Pentobarbital Anesthesia in Rabbits

Sixty mg./kg. of ethyl-1-rnethyl-butyl barbituric acid (pentobarbital, nembutal) one of the shorter-acting barbiturates is fatal to the majority of 10 rabbits when administered intraperitoneally. Forty mg./kg. (66.6%) of the lethal intraperitoneal dose produces surgical anesthesia for 40 to 50 minutes in a majority of instances within 20 to 40 minutes. Because of its safety this is the usual mode of administration of choice in most laboratory demonstrations and experiments. While the intravenous mode has the advantage of being virtually immediate in the induction of surgical anesthesia in rabbits and other small laboratory animals it is generally regarded as being too dangerous for routine laboratory employment. To this opinion we have never subscribed. Accordingly, we undertook to try to solve the supposed problem of danger incident to the intravenous employment of pentobarbital and thereby take advantage of its rapidity of action. In this work we were able to compile a large series of cases by employing...
Squaric acids: a new motif for designing inhibitors of protein tyrosine phosphatases.

Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases) are important targets in medicinal chemistry. These enzymes play a role in a number of human diseases, including type II diabetes and infection by Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of bubonic plague. Derivatives of squaric acids such as 2-aryl-1-hydroxycyclobut-1-ene-3,4-diones represent a new class of monoanionic inhibitors for PTPases.
Endovascular needle injection of cholesteryl linoleate into the arterial wall produces complex vascular lesions identifiable by intravascular ultrasound: early development in a porcine model of vulnerable plaque.

Background We attempted to create a pig model of complex arterial lesions through the percutaneous injection of cholesteryl linoleate into the vessel wall. Methods and results A total of 81 arterial segments (27 arteries) underwent percutaneous intramural injection of cholesteryl linoleate, in eight pigs. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) analysis and corresponding histology were obtained for analysis at 2 and 4 weeks after injection. Overall, 18 out of 27 (67%) of the injected arterial segments displayed lesions identifiable by IVUS as an eccentric echolucent zone present within the deeper layer of the lesion. Quantitative IVUS analysis demonstrated that these lesions were non-occlusive (36+/-8% area stenosis), eccentric (eccentricity index, 0.78+/-0.07) and located into positively remodeled vessels (remodeling index, 1.45+/-0.24). By histology, these lesions were eccentric and comprised less than a third of the vessel circumference. Medial thickening and a thickened intima containing lipid droplets and mononuclear cells were consistently found. The presence of lipids or local wall thickening seen by histology colocalized with the presence of echolucent structures seen by IVUS in 65% of the coronary segments and 70% of the iliac segments. Conclusions The intramural deposition of cholesteryl linoleate results in the development of complex, lipid-containing inflammatory lesions in less than 4 weeks. These lesions are already identifiable by IVUS at 2 weeks and colocalize with histologic findings. Further development of this model may allow the validation of technologies designed to detect and treat high-risk atherosclerotic lesions.
Identification and purification of a 36 kDa bile acid binder in human hepatic cytosol.

Abstract We recently purified two closely related 33 kDa proteins from rat hepatic cytosol, designated bile acid binder I and II, which selectively bind bile acids with comparable affinity as glutathione S -transferase B. This work has now been extended to human liver in which we have identified a similar cytosolic binding activity in the 30–40 kDa fraction from gel filtration. Subsequent chromatofocusing and hydroxyapatite chromatography resulted in the isolation of a homogenous monomeric protein of 36 kDa. The binding affinity of this protein for lithocholate using the displacement of 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate (ANS) was 0.1 μM, whereas human hepatic glutathione S -transferases purified from glutathione affinity chromatography demonstrated no competitive displacement of ANS.
An approach to medical imaging for sports-related injuries

Abstract Medical imaging plays a valuable role in the evaluation and management of sports-related injuries. Although most acute injuries can be evaluated satisfactorily by clinical assessment and standard radiographs, some types of injuries require additional imaging for localization and characterization. The more advanced technologies (bone scintigraphy, computed tomography [CT], and magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) provide sensitive physiological or detailed anatomic information in evaluating the athletes complaints. Stress injuries are common sports-related injuries, and they are detected most frequently by bone scintigraphy. Pars interarticularis injuries of the spine are best identified by bone scintigraphy. Other anatomic regions of stress injury include upper extremity complaints from throwing sports and lower extremity symptoms from running and jumping activities.When the management of symptoms is uncertain based on clinical assessment and plain radiographs and the area of involvement is not well defined, bone scintigraphy is extremely sensitive to injuries causing increased bone turnover. To show detailed anatomy, the cross-sectional modalities (CT and MRI) are without equal. CT allows exquisite bone detail when subtle injuries, particularly in areas of complex anatomy, are suspected at a specific site. MRI is the procedure of choice when bone marrow and soft-tissue injuries are of concern in a specific anatomic region.
FULLERENES LINKED TO PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS

The synthesis and photochemical characterization of two porphyrin-fullerene dyads, two zinc porphyrin-fullerene dyads, and a carotenobuckminsterfullerene are reviewed. In these molecules, the fullerene first excited singlet state may be formed by direct excitation or by singlet-singlet energy transfer from the attached pigment. In polar solvents, the dominant singlet-state decay pathway is photoinduced electron transfer to yield the pigment radical cation and fullerene radical anion. This charge-separated state has a long lifetime relative to the time constant for charge separation. In toluene, in cases where photoinduced electron transfer is slow for thermodynamic reasons, the fullerene singlet state decays by intersystem crossing, and the resulting triplet energy is partitioned between the components of the dyad according to their triplet energies. The results suggest that fullerenes can be valuable components of photochemically active multicomponent molecular systems.
Group process in liaison-staff meetings

Abstract The liaison psychiatrist can reduce the medical staff's resistance to him and enable them to care more effectively for the emotional well-being of physically ill patients by being alert for and explaining basic group dynamic interactions. By bringing to light such reactions as dependency, fight-flight, and pairing as they occur in staff meetings and relating them to responses patients may be undergoing, the psychiatrist can increase the staff's self-understanding and help them to work better together. Case histories are used to illustrate this process.
Use of Identification Trial Statistics for the Combination of Biometric Matchers

Combination functions typically used in biometric identification systems consider as input parameters only those matching scores which are related to a single person in order to derive a combined score for that person. We discuss how such methods can be extended to utilize the matching scores corresponding to all people. The proposed combination methods account for dependencies between scores output by any single participating matcher. Our experiments demonstrate the advantage of using such combination methods when dealing with a large number of classes, as is the case with biometric person identification systems. The experiments are performed on the National Institute of Standards and Technology BSSR1 dataset and the combination methods considered include the likelihood ratio, neural network, and weighted sum.
Comparing Ideal Points Across Institutions and Time

Many spatial theories of policymaking in the context of a system of checks and balances require the estimation of ideal points which are comparable across institutions. This analysis evaluates comparisons between the president, Senate, and House. For applications which presume that legislators change their positions over time, the most commonly used estimates impose too many restrictions on the ideal points. I consider an alternative approach to creating a common scale by using interest groups (American Conservative Union [ACU] and Americans for Democratic Action [ADA]) as reference actors and incorporating “bridge votes,” roll calls on which the House and Senate vote on identical text. The analysis demonstrates this approach can produce comparable estimates across time and chamber.
Predicting the Psychosocial Effects of Interpersonal Partner Violence (IPV) How much does a Woman's History of IPV Matter?

Women's (N = 205) IPV experiences were assessed during their pregnancies, in the year before their pregnancies, and with their previous partners. The study explored whether psychosocial indicators and severity of violence could be predicted from a woman's continuity and history of IPV. Two 4-group classifications—partner (IPV experiences across partners) and time (history of IPV experiences)—and one 2-group classification (IPV or no IPV in the past 6 months) were compared. Both four-group classifications accounted for more variance than did the two-group. Within the four-group classifications, most of the significant differences on psychosocial out-comes and severity of IPV were between the no IPV and chronic IPV groups (IPV experiences with two partners and across three different time periods). However, the groups that also fared poorly were those who experienced recent IPV and continuity of IPV across time with their current partners.
Test and evaluation of new GEMs with an automatic scanner

Tests and quality controls of new Gas Electron Multipliers (GEMs) are described. Following the Design of Sauli, GEMs have been manufactured by Tech-Etch, a private company located in Plymouth, Massachusetts. A major improvement in efficient quality control has been achieved through the use of a specifically developed automatic scanning device.
Linking ecological and built components of urban mosaics: an open cycle of ecological design

Summary 1. By the end of this decade, the majority of people will live in cities and suburban areas. Urban areas, including suburbs and exurbs, are expanding rapidly worldwide. 2. Plant ecology has largely ignored cities, or has primarily focused on the discrete urban green spaces within cities. 3. Plant ecology is increasingly engaging urban ecosystems as integrated natural-human systems, in which human agency is part of the complex of feedbacks. 4. Linking plant ecology with urban design (architecture, landscape architecture, civil engineering and urban planning) can help to integrate research and understanding of plants into the structure of cities, and to make use of urban design projects as ecological research tools. 5. Synthesis . A cycle of ecological design illustrates the linkage of plant ecological research with the ongoing transformation of urban systems by urban designers and civil society. Quality of life, human health, public appreciation of ecological processes in cities, and scientific understanding can all be enhanced by participating in a cycle of ecological urban design.
Predicting end-point locomotion from neuromuscular activities of people with spina bifida: A self-organizing and adaptive technique for future implantable and non-invasive neural prostheses

Neural prosthesis is a promising technique to enable paralyzed patients with conditions, such as spinal cord injury or spina bifida (SB), to control their limbs independently. However, it remains unknown whether muscle activity detected from paralyzed patients can be used to predict and reproduce their altered gait patterns that can be employed to provide closed-loop feedback for neural prostheses. In this study, we recorded muscle activity of people with SB during overground walking and developed a Self-Organizing Adaptive Prediction (SOAP) technique for neural prostheses. This technique can provide 80% more accurate prediction of end-point impaired locomotion for people with SB compared to traditional robust regression. Our results suggest that control of complex neural prostheses during locomotion can be achieved by engaging muscle activity as intrinsic feedback to generate end-point leg movement.
A framework for joint community detection across multiple related networks

Community detection in networks is an active area of research with many practical applications. However, most of the early work in this area has focused on partitioning a single network or a bipartite graph into clusters/communities. With the rapid proliferation of online social media, it has become increasingly common for web users to have noticeable presence across multiple web sites. This raises the question whether it is possible to combine information from several networks to improve community detection. In this paper, we present a framework that identifies communities simultaneously across different networks and learns the correspondences between them. The framework is applicable to networks generated from multiple web sites as well as to those derived from heterogeneous nodes of the same web site. It also allows the incorporation of prior information about the potential relationships between the communities in different networks. Extensive experiments have been performed on both synthetic and real-life data sets to evaluate the effectiveness of our framework. Our results show superior performance of simultaneous community detection over three alternative methods, including normalized cut and matrix factorization on a single network or a bipartite graph.
Wire bonding capillary profile and bonding process parameter optimization simulation

In this paper, a methodology for wire bonding parameter modeling is developed, which considers the capillary, FAB and device on silicon. The impact of capillary profile and bonding process parameters which include ball diameter, bonding temperature and bond wire material properties are studied to optimize the wire bonding assembly process. Finally, the comparison of the results with and without the modeling optimization shows that the probability of bonding failure is reduced after the wire bonding process is optimized.
Signal estimation using wavelet-Markov models

Current wavelet-based statistical signal and image processing techniques such as shrinkage and filtering treat the wavelet coefficients as though they were statistically independent. This assumption is unrealistic; considering the statistical dependencies between wavelet coefficients can yield substantial performance improvements. We develop a new framework for wavelet-based signal processing that employs hidden Markov models to characterize the dependencies between wavelet coefficients. To illustrate the power of the new framework, we derive a new algorithm for signal estimation in nonGaussian noise.
Expression of GLUT-1 in epithelial ovarian carcinoma: Correlation with tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, survival and ability to predict optimal cytoreduction

Abstract Objective GLUT-1 is involved at various steps in the processes of tumor progression. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between GLUT-1 expression and tumor proliferation and angiogenesis in epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Materials and methods Specimens from 213 patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma were evaluated by immunohistochemistry for GLUT-1, Ki-67, and vascular endothelial growth factor. Tumor microvessel density was assessed with CD34 immunostaining. We investigated the relationships between GLUT-1 expression and clinicopathologic characteristics, tumor angiogenesis (tumor MVD and vascular endothelial growth factor expression), and tumor proliferation (Ki-67). The effect of GLUT-1 expression on patient survival and on the volume of residual disease after cytoreduction was determined. Results There was a significant positive correlation between expression of GLUT-1, Ki-67, and microvessel density. In univariate survival analysis, high GLUT-1 expression, high Ki-67 expression and high tumor microvessel density showed a significant impact on patient survival (p=0.0001). In multivariate analysis including patients with all tumor stages, after controlling for age, race, stage, grade, MVD, and the 3 markers (GLUT-1, Ki-67 and VEGF), only age (HR 1.5; 95% CI 1–2.3), stage (HR 3.6; 95% CI 1.8–7.5) and grade (HR 2.3; 95% CI 1.2–4.5) retained their significance as independent poor prognostic factors. Tumors simultaneously overexpressing GLUT-1 and Ki-67 were less likely to be optimally cytoreduced as compared to tumors overexpressing only one or neither of those two markers (OR: 3.8, p=0.01). Conclusion Expression of GLUT-1 correlates with tumor proliferation and microvessel density in epithelial ovarian carcinoma. In addition, patients with rapidly proliferating advanced stage tumors overexpressing GLUT-1 have a lesser chance for optimal cytoreduction.
Effect of Sympathetic Nerve Stimulation on Pulmonary Vascular Resistance in the Intact Spontaneously Breathing Dog

SummaryThe effects of sympathetic nerve stimulation on pulmonary vascular resistance under conditions of controlled blood flow were evaluated in the intact spontaneously breathing dog. Stimulation of the sympathetic nerves to the lung resulted in a significant stimulus-related increase in pulmonary vascular resistance in the intact animal. Injected norepinephrine had similar effects on the pulmonary vascular bed and responses to both norepinephrine and nerve stimulation were blocked by phentolamine, an alpha receptor blocking agent. It is concluded that the pressor response to nerve stimulation is mediated by alpha receptors in the pulmonary vascular bed and that this response is similar in magnitude in both the intact spontaneously breathing and open-chest animal.
Débridement of degenerative, irreparable lesions of the rotator cuff.

A modified Neer acromioplasty, subacromial decompression, and debridement of massive, irreparable lesions of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons was performed in fifty-seven patients. Fifty patients (fifty-three shoulders) were followed for an average of six and one-half years. The average age of the patients was sixty years (range, thirty-eight to seventy-four years). The results, as rated on the basis of pain, function, range of motion, strength, and satisfaction of the patient, were satisfactory in forty-four shoulders (83 per cent) and unsatisfactory in nine (17 per cent). A favorable outcome was observed in shoulders in which both the anterior portion of the deltoid muscle and the long head of the biceps tendon were intact and in which a previous acromioplasties or operations on the rotator cuff had been performed. An unsatisfactory outcome was observed in shoulders in which the anterior part of the deltoid muscle was weak or absent or in which a previous acromioplasty and attempted repair of the rotator cuff had been performed. The active forward flexion of the shoulder improved from an average of 105 degrees preoperatively to an average of 140 degrees postoperatively. The results of the present study suggest that, with proper rehabilitation, adequate decompression of the subacromial space, anterior acromioplasty, and debridement of massive tears of the rotator cuff can lead to the relief of pain and the restoration of shoulder function.
Relationship between Hemoglobin Levels in Chickens and Certain Characters of Economic Importance

Abstract EGG production is one of the most economically important characteristics of chickens, and great emphasis is placed on its improvement. Unfortunately, heritability for this trait is low (Lerner, 1950); thus, the identification of superior genotypes is frequently inaccurate, and improvement is relatively slow and time consuming. If a simple means of identifying desirable egg-production genotypes early in the bird’s life could be devised, the accuracy of selection for the improvement of this characteristic would be greatly enhanced. Because reports in the literature suggested that egg production influenced the hemoglobin content of the blood, this investigation was undertaken to determine the degree of association between the normal hemoglobin levels of chickens and certain economically important characters that affect egg production. Olson (1937) reported an average of 10.12 grams Hb * /100 cc. blood for adult chickens and 9.73 grams for chicks. Harmon (1936) found no significant difference due to sex in chicks up …
High-density femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy of semiconductor nanoparticles. A tool to investigate surface quality

At the high laser excitation intensities used in our experiments, more than 50 electron- hole pairs are formed in colloidal semiconductor nanoparticles used in our studies. At this density of charge carriers, new transient absorptions are observed in the femtosecond transient spectra in the 450 to 700 nm region with unresolved fast rise ( 150 ps. The absorption at 510 nm could be quenched with the adsorption of electron acceptors (e.g., benzoquinone, 1,2-naphthoquinone), whereas the low- energy transient absorption was not affected. For CdS NPs, we found that passivation eliminated most of the transient absorption. The transient absorptions are thus proposed to result from either trap-state absorption, trapped dimers (or complexes) and/or Stark-shifted exciton absorption resulting from surface electric field of the uncompensated trapped electron-hole pairs. All these possibilities require effective surface trapping at these high levels of excitation. With the application of femtosecond spectroscopy to semiconductor nanoparticles it became possible to follow the dynamics of the optical excitations directly in "real-time". The characteristic time constants of the elementary relaxation times can be as short as a few tens of femtoseconds. The material accumulated in this rapidly growing field is huge and can be followed from the Proceedings of the International Conference Series on the Physics of Semiconductors, on Ultrafast Phenomena, Nonlinear Optics and Excitation Kinetics in Semiconductors (NOEKS), and the IUPAC Workshop on Advanced Materials (WAM). In the following, an introduction to the elementary relaxation processes occuring in semiconduc- tor nanoparticles is given. This will be followed by results and discussion of the origin of the new high- density absorptions observed in femtosecond transient spectra. The basic relaxation mechanisms in semiconductors, which follow the short electronic excitation, can be discussed in the limits of weak coupling. However, for small particles under intense excitations, this idealized picture is complicated. In addition, surface effects lead to fast trapping processes. In fact, surface trapping is among the fastest relaxation events in photoexcited semiconductor nanoparticles and can occur on the femtosecond- and picosecond time scale. To study the effect of surface traps on the spectral dynamics, samples with different surfaces were prepared and investigated by pump-probe spectroscopy. The consequences of surface trapping under high-density excitation condition are discussed in this paper.
The Coproduction of Outcomes: An Integrated Assessment of Youth and Program Effects on Recidivism

In recent decades, states and communities have begun to utilize diversion programs as a means of preventing the unnecessary penetration of youth into the juvenile justice system and redirecting limited resources. Many of these diversion programs revolve around formal community-based programming. The authors utilize a large sample of youth (n = 4,325) nested in justice and treatment-related programs (n = 72) in order to jointly investigate the likelihood of recidivism based on youth risk and program characteristics. The analysis indicates that individual risk has a substantial effect on later recidivism, which is relatively constant across different programs. Programs do vary in their overall levels of recidivism. Measures of program type and integrity show few significant effects, however. Discussion of the results focuses on the general utility of such policies and the importance of considering the interaction between youth and programs in the production of key outcomes.
Development and evaluation of the Measure of Drug Self-Management.

Background Current adherence scales often fail to assess the full spectrum of behaviors associated with safe and appropriate drug use and may be unsuitable for patients with limited health literacy. We sought to develop and evaluate a comprehensive yet brief Measure of Drug Self-Management (MeDS) for use in research and clinical settings among diverse patient groups.
Advances in Pulmonary Laboratory Testing

This review examines emerging technologies that are of potential use in the routine clinical pulmonary laboratory. These technologies include the following: the measurement of exercise tidal flow-volume (FV) loops plotted within the maximal FV envelope for assessment of ventilatory constraint during exercise; the use of negative expiratory pressures to asses expiratory flow limitation in various populations and under various conditions; the potential use of expired nitric oxide for assessing airway inflammation; and the use of forced oscillation for assessment of airway resistance. These methodologies have been used extensively in the research setting and are gaining increasing popularity and clinical application due to the availability of commercially available, simplified, and automated systems. An overview of each technique, its potential advantages and limitations will be discussed, along with suggestions for further investigation that is considered necessary prior to extensive clinical use.
High-speed data transmission in multi-layer deposited silicon photonics for advanced photonic networks-on-chip

We introduce a multi-layer silicon photonic microring resonator filter, fabricated using deposited materials, and transmit up to 12.5-Gb/s error-free data, establishing a novel class of high-performance silicon photonics for advanced photonic NoCs.
Obstetrical Interventions for Term First Deliveries in the US

Background Labour induction and caesarean are increasingly done without clinical indication. However, little is known about the prevalence of such interventions, or the characteristics of women who receive them. We used the 2003 revision of the US birth certificates to summarise recorded interventions and to characterise maternal profiles associated with such interventions.
Dynamic MR Imaging of the Temporomandibular Joint Using a Balanced Steady-State Free Precession Sequence at 3T

SUMMARY: The aim of our project was to develop an MR imaging protocol for dynamic imaging of the TMJ. We imaged a total of 24 joints in 12 subjects. We developed an imaging protocol on a 3T system using the true FISP sequence that yielded an acceptable spatial and temporal resolution for dynamic MR imaging.
The SocialTrust framework for trusted social information management: Architecture and algorithms

Social information systems are a promising new paradigm for large-scale distributed information management, as evidenced by the success of large-scale information sharing communities, social media sites, and web-based social networks. But the increasing reliance on these social systems also places individuals and their computer systems at risk, creating opportunities for malicious participants to exploit the tight social fabric of these networks. With these problems in mind, this manuscript presents the SocialTrust framework for enabling trusted social information management in Internet-scale social information systems. Concretely, we study online social networks, consider a number of vulnerabilities inherent in online social networks, and introduce the SocialTrust framework for supporting tamper-resilient trust establishment. We study three key factors for trust establishment in online social networks - trust group feedback, distinguishing the user's relationship quality from trust, and tracking user behavior - and describe a principled approach for assessing each component. In addition to the SocialTrust framework, which provides a network-wide perspective on the trust of all users, we describe a personalized extension called mySocialTrust, which provides a user-centric trust perspective that can be optimized for individual users within the network. Finally, we experimentally evaluate the SocialTrust framework using real online social networking data consisting of millions of MySpace profiles and relationships. While other trust aggregation approaches have been developed and implemented by others, we note that it is rare to find such a large-scale experimental evaluation that carefully considers the important factors impacting the trust framework. We find that SocialTrust supports robust trust establishment even in the presence of large-scale collusion by malicious participants.
Is it time to reassess the optimal timing of coronary artery bypass graft surgery following acute myocardial infarction

Patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) may be referred for myocardial revascularization in an effort to limit infarct size, to prevent early reinfarction when critical coronary lesions are discovered on angiography, or to control symptoms of unstable angina. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) may also be recommended for patients with AMI who have had successful thrombolysis where the presence of multivessel and/or left mainstem coronary artery disease warrants this approach to optimize survival. CABG is also used in patients who have had catheter-based revascularization of the infarct-related artery but have residual critical stenoses in other vascular beds that may not be ideally suited or amenable to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). In particular, cardiac surgeons are called upon to treat an increasing number of such patients as a result of the widespread acceptance of early coronary angiography, and acute (or primary) PCI following AMI. In all of these situations, the clinician has to assess which myocardial revascularization approach is best suited for patients after AMI, and equally important, when the timing of revascularization should be undertaken to achieve optimal clinical outcomes. The timing of PCI following AMI may seem intuitively straightforward in a patient who presents emergently with evolving ST-segment elevation AMI or high-risk non–ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and increasingly, cardiologists have an implicit expectation that the decision to proceed with CABG after AMI is equally straightforward and can be achieved with the same risks and outcomes as urgent PCI.
Relay adaptive testing research in smart substation process level based on EPON network

Through describe the principles and characteristics of EPON network, Proposed EPON communications network applying smart substation process level, and test the adaptability of protection under the EPON network. The paper has constructed smart substation relay protection dynamic simulation model test platform based on EPON network. Selecting 220kV smart substation busbar protection, transformer protection, line protection for test object, and analyzed the test results. The result shows that relay protection operation performance has not affected by the process layer by using EPON network. The research work can provide the basis for the smart substation layer applying EPON network and the subsequent technology Application.
The Last Mirror: Davis on Davis and Franklin

(1979). The Last Mirror: Davis on Davis and Franklin. Curriculum Inquiry: Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 59-61.
Distance Learning in Labor Education

This article examines the reactions of participants to distance learn ing technology as used in a labor education setting. Participants in both distance and traditional labor education classes were...
Elementary and Secondary School Training in Mathematics

(1953). Elementary and Secondary School Training in Mathematics. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 60, No. 8, pp. 523-527.
323 NEUROTOXICITY OF ETHANOL AND HYPOXIA IN RAT PRIMARY NEOCORTICAL CELL CULTURES

Background Fetal alcohol syndrome is a leading cause of preventable neurodevelopmental disability. Hypoxia is another common fetoneonatal insult. However, there has been little investigation regarding the neurotoxic effects of these two common events in combination, as likely occurs in clinical situations. This abstract presents our preliminary findings as we establish an in vitro model to address this question. Objectives To quantitate the degree of neurocytoxicity induced by varying concentrations of ethanol and durations of hypoxia on fetal rat neurons in vitro. Methods Fetal cortices from E18 Sprague-Dawley fetuses were used to obtain primary neocortical cell cultures using standardized protocols. Cultures were incubated in 5% CO2 at 37°C for 5-7 days prior to experimentation. Cultures were subjected to ethanol concentrations ranging from 0%-0.50% for either 24 or 48 hours. Additional cultures were subjected to Results Primary neocortical rat cell cultures incubated for 24 hours with ethanol showed 0.8% cytotoxicity with 0.01% ethanol, 1.7% with 0.05%, 1.4% with 0.1%, 5.3% with 0.25%, and 7.7% with 0.5%. After 48 hours of ethanol incubation, cytotoxicity increased to 28.3% with 0.01% ethanol, 16.8% with 0.05%, 17.3% with 0.1%, 48.3% with 0.25%, and 61.6% with 0.5%. Cytotoxicity was 14.3% after 5 minutes of hypoxia, 22.8% after 10 minutes, 30.8% after 15 minutes, and 28.2% after 30 minutes. Fluorescence microscopy with LIVE/DEAD staining confirmed cytotoxicity determinations by LDH measurements. Conclusions There was a dose-response relationship between increasing ethanol concentration and neuronal cell death but a relative neuroprotective effect provided by 0.05%-0.1% ethanol compared to either lower or higher ethanol concentrations, a finding consistent with published reports. Hypoxia-induced neurocytotoxicity plateaued after 15 minutes of hypoxia; it is unclear whether this is due to persistence of low but effective oxygen tensions or the beginning of a multimodal effect. Studies on possible synergistic effects between ethanol and hypoxia on neurocytotoxicity and possible pharmacologic modulations of in vitro cell death are currently being performed.
Promoting Young Children’s Understanding of the Situations and Prosocial Responses Related to Jealousy

The present study investigated the effects of two emotion trainings on young children’s knowledge about jealousy. Participants were 53 kindergarten and first-grade children who were assigned to one of two experimental conditions or a control condition. Children in the first experimental condition (video condition) received discussions about the components of jealousy paired with the presentation of dynamic visual stimuli (i.e., animated video clips). Children in the second experimental condition (video and role-play condition) received role-play exercises along with the discussions and video clips. Children in the control condition participated in their typical school curriculum. After receiving three emotion-training sessions of 15 min each, children in both experimental conditions made significant gains in their knowledge of the situations and prosocial cognitive/behavioral responses related to jealousy when compared to children in the control condition. The two experimental conditions made similar gains, showing that both trainings were equally effective at helping children improve their knowledge about jealousy. Implications for supporting young children’s understanding of emotions are discussed.
Abstract 140: LRP6 Influences Body Fat and Glucose Homeostasis in Mouse by Activating mTOR Pathway and Inhibiting Mitochondrial Energy Expenditure

Background: Body fat, insulin resistance and type2 diabetes are often linked together. Wnt signaling regulates adipogenesis and its altered activity has been implicated in the pathogenesis of type ...
Design and optimization of a high performance isolated three phase AC/DC converter

This paper presents the design and optimization of a high performance isolated three-phase AC/DC converter that converts variable frequency 115 V AC voltage into isolated 28 V DC voltage. The main design target is to maximize converter rated power within given loss, size limitations and operation requirements. A two-stage structure, consisting of an active front-end (AFE) converter and an isolated DC/DC converter, is employed. To complete the design and optimization of the multi-converter system, a hierarchical design and optimization approach has been developed to explore the system loss-size Pareto front with considerations of thermal management, EMI performance and power quality. Methods for component optimization and loss calculation are introduced. Based on the design results (system loss-size Pareto front), a Vienna rectifier and an LLC resonant converter were selected for AFE and DC/DC stage respectively. Finally, a 1.2 kW convection cooled prototype was built and experimentally tested. It achieved 97.1% full load efficiency and 22 W/inch3 power density. Compliance with EMI and power quality standard was experimentally verified.
Nursing review section of surgical neurology international: Part 1 lumbar disc disease.

Background Patients with lumbar disc disease may present with low back pain, pain that radiates down to the lower extremity (radiculopathy), and leg pain that increases with ambulation (neurogenic claudication). Patients may first undergo diagnostic studies (magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomographic examinations) to determine whether there is any significant nerve root or thecal sac compression. Methods Increasingly, patients with low back pain with/without radiculopathy are being screened by nurses rather than by neurologists or neurosurgeons/orthopedists. Recognition of the basic neurological symptoms and signs of lumbar disc disease is critical to manage and triage these patients. Results The neurological examination includes evaluation of the straight leg raising test (SLR/Lasegue Maneuver) and assessment of: motor function [grade 0 (no motion) to grade 5 (normal motion)], reflexes [Patellar and Achilles levels graded 0 (absent) to grade 4+ (clonus)], sensory loss (pin prick, light touch, position, and vibration), and cerebellar function (tandem gait, heel-shin, and finger-nose-finger testing). Learning to read MR and CT studies for disc herniations is critical. Nonsurgical discs include those that are minimally protruding or bulging. Alternatively, surgical disc herniations when correlated with significant neurological findings are extruded (ruptured through the annulus) or sequestrated (migrated beyond the disc space following rupture). Conclusions Familiarity with symptoms, neurological signs, and radiographic presentations for patients with lumbar disc disease is critical for nurses. Here, we review the important factors nurses should know to better recognize, triage, and treat patients with lumbar disc disease.
Incorporating Nanoscale Effects into a Continuum-Scale Reactive Transport Model for CO2-Deteriorated Cement.

Wellbore cement deterioration is critical for wellbore integrity and the safety of CO2 storage in geologic formations. Our previous experimental work highlighted the importance of the portlandite (CH)-depleted zone and the surface dissolution zone in the CO2-attacked cement. In this study, we simulated numerically the evolution of the CH-depleted zone and the dissolution of the cement surfaces utilizing a reduced-dimension (1D) reactive transport model. The approach shows that three nanoscale effects are important and had to be incorporated in a continuum-scale model to capture experimental observations: First, it was necessary to account for the fact that secondary CaCO3 precipitation does not fill the pore space completely, with the result that acidic brine continues to diffuse through the carbonated zone to form a CH-depleted zone. Second, secondary precipitation in brine begins via nucleation kinetics, and this could not be described with previous models using growth kinetics alone. Third, our results...
Reading Donne: A Sentimental Journey

This offers a brief personal reminiscence of Donne’s poetry, initially encountered by the author in the late 1960s, and a subsequent survey of Donne’s selected influence on later poets, with special attention given to the Australian poets, A.D. Hope and Stephen Edgar, and the latter poet’s “Nocturnal,” a response to Donne’s “A Nocturnal upon St. Lucy’s Day.” The essay turns on the experiential aspect of Donne’s poetry. The discussion focuses, in the context of T.S. Eliot’s remarks, on three of Donne’s greatest and most immediate love poems: “The Good-Morrow,” “A Valediction: Of Weeping,” and the sonnet, “She whom I Loved.”
Crossed Aphasia in a Patient with Anaplastic Astrocytoma of the Non-Dominant Hemisphere

Aphasia describes a spectrum of speech impairments due to damage in the language centers of the brain. Insult to the inferior frontal gyrus of the dominant cerebral hemisphere results in Broca's aphasia - the inability to produce fluent speech. The left cerebral hemisphere has historically been considered the dominant side, a characteristic long presumed to be related to a person's "handedness". However, recent studies utilizing fMRI have shown that right hemispheric dominance occurs more frequently than previously proposed and despite a person's handedness. Here we present a case of a right-handed patient with Broca's aphasia caused by a right-sided brain tumor. This is significant not only because the occurrence of aphasia in right-handed-individuals with right hemispheric brain damage (so-called "crossed aphasia") is unusual but also because such findings support dissociation between hemispheric linguistic dominance and handedness.
Cytokines in Cancer Immunotherapy

Cytokines that control the immune response were shown to have efficacy in preclinical murine cancer models. Interferon (IFN)-α is approved for treatment of hairy cell leukemia, and interleukin (IL)-2 for the treatment of advanced melanoma and metastatic renal cancer. In addition, IL-12, IL-15, IL-21, and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) have been evaluated in clinical trials. However, the cytokines as monotherapy have not fulfilled their early promise because cytokines administered parenterally do not achieve sufficient concentrations in the tumor, are often associated with severe toxicities, and induce humoral or cellular checkpoints. To circumvent these impediments, cytokines are being investigated clinically in combination therapy with checkpoint inhibitors, anticancer monoclonal antibodies to increase the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) of these antibodies, antibody cytokine fusion proteins, and anti-CD40 to facilitate tumor-specific immune responses.
Hierarchical change detection framework for biomass monitoring

In this paper, we present a nearest neighbor based hierarchical change detection methodology for analyzing multi-temporal remote sensing imagery. A key contribution of this work is to define change as hierarchical rather than boolean. Based on this definition of change pattern, we developed a novel time series similarity based change detection framework for identifying inter-annual changes by exploiting phenological properties of growing crops from satellite time series imagery. The proposed framework consists of four components: hierarchical clustering tree construction, nearest neighbor based classification, relaxation labeling, and change detection using similarity hierarchy. Though the proposed approach is unsupervised, we present evaluation using manually induced change regions embedded in the real dataset. We compare our method with the widely used K-Means clustering and evaluation shows that K-Means over-detects changes in comparison to our proposed method.
Model-based collaborative filtering as a defense against profile injection attacks

The open nature of collaborative recommender systems allows attackers who inject biased profile data to have a significant impact on the recommendations produced. Standard memory-based collaborative filtering algorithms, such as k- nearest neighbor, have been shown to be quite vulnerable to such attacks. In this paper, we examine the robustness of model-based recommendation algorithms in the face of profile injection attacks. In particular, we consider two recommendation algorithms, one based on k-means clustering and the other based on Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis (PLSA). These algorithms aggregate similar users into user segments that are compared to the profile of an active user to generate recommendations. Traditionally, model-based algorithms have been used to alleviate the scalability problems associated with memory-based recommender systems. We show, empirically, that these algorithms also offer significant improvements in stability and robustness over the standard k- nearest neighbor approach when attacked. Furthermore, our results show that, particularly, the PLSA-based approach can achieve comparable recommendation accuracy.
Renal clearances of 14C-inulin and polyfructosan in the rat. Effect of increased ureteral pressure.

Polyfructosan has been used as a substitute for inulin in GFR determinations. However, the validity of this substitution in conditions where renal tubular permeability to other substances, such as mannitol, sucrose and iothalamate, is increased has not been tested. Experiments were performed on 8 rats to compare the clearances of polyfructosan (CPF) and14C-inulin (CIN) during hydropenia, 3% BW saline expansion, elevation of one ureteral catheter by 30 cm, and following return of increased ureteral pressure to the control level. No significant difference between CPF and CIN could be detected except in the kidney subjected to increased ureteral pressure. However, the magnitude of this difference — which may relate to the different molecular weights of the two compounds — was so small that we conclude that the use of CPF, as an index of GFR, is no less reliable than CIN under the conditions tested.
Concurrent femoral head reduction and periacetabular osteotomies for the treatment of severe femoral head deformities

Aims The aims of this study were to review the surgical technique for a combined femoral head reduction osteotomy (FHRO) and periacetabular osteotomy (PAO), and to report the short-term clinical an...
A scoping review of interventions to address intimate partner violence in sub-Saharan African healthcare.

ABSTRACTIntimate partner violence (IPV) is a widespread global health problem, with negative effects on women’s health and HIV transmission and treatment. There is little evidence on how to address...