cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Resolution Adaptability of the Zhang‐McFarlane Cumulus Parameterization With Spatial and Temporal Averaging

With increasing computational capabilities, cumulus parameterizations that are adaptable to the smaller grid spacing and temporal interval for high-resolution climate model simulations are needed. In this study, we propose a method to improve the resolution adaptability of the Zhang-McFarlane (ZM) scheme, by implementing spatial and temporal averaging to the CAPE tendency. This method allows for a more consistent application of the quasi-equilibrium (QE) hypothesis at high spatial and temporal resolutions. The resolution adaptability of the original ZM scheme, the scheme with spatial averaging, and the scheme with spatiotemporal averaging at 4–32 km grid spacings are assessed using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model by comparing to cloud resolving model (CRM) simulation results coarse-grained to these same grid spacings. We show the original ZM scheme has poor resolution adaptability, with spatiotemporally averaged subgrid convective transport and convective precipitation increasing significantly as the resolution increases. The spatial averaging method improves the resolution adaptability of the ZM scheme and better conserves total transport and total precipitation. Temporal averaging further improves the resolution adaptability of the scheme. With better constrained (although smoothed) convective transport and precipitation, both the spatial distribution and time series of total precipitation at 4 and 8 km grid spacings are improved with the averaging methods. The results could help develop resolution adaptability for other cumulus parameterizations that are based on the QE assumption.
Left hippocampal dosimetry correlates with visual and verbal memory outcomes in survivors of pediatric brain tumors

Background Radiotherapy (RT) in the pediatric brain tumor population causes late neurocognitive effects. In the current study, the authors investigated associations between clinical and dosimetric risk factors and memory outcomes in a cohort of patients treated with proton radiotherapy (PRT). Methods A total of 70 patients (median age at PRT, 12.1 years [range, 5.0-22.5 years]) who were treated with PRT were identified with baseline and follow-up evaluations of visual and verbal memory (Children's Memory Scale and the third edition of the Wechsler Memory Scale). Whole-brain as well as bilateral hippocampal and temporal lobe contours were delineated for the calculation of dosimetric indices. Multivariate analyses were performed to assess associations of score changes over time with clinical factors and dosimetric indices. Results The median neurocognitive follow-up was 3.0 years (range, 1.1-11.4 years). For the entire cohort, delayed and immediate verbal memory scaled scores demonstrated small declines. The mean decline for delayed verbal memory scores was 0.6 (P = .01), and that for immediate verbal memory scores was 0.5 (P = .06). Immediate and delayed visual memory scores were not found to change significantly (+0.1 and -0.3, respectively; P>.30). A higher left hippocampal V20GyE (percentage of the volume of a particular anatomical region receiving at least a 20 gray equivalent) was correlated with a score decline in all 4 measures. Female sex was found to be predictive of lower delayed verbal memory follow-up scores (P = .035). Conclusions Only delayed verbal memory scores were found to have declined statistically significantly at follow-up after PRT, reflecting some weakness in verbal memory retrieval. Given a correlation of left hippocampal dosimetry and memory outcomes after PRT, left hippocampal-sparing PRT plans may assist patients with pediatric brain tumors in preserving memory-retrieval abilities. Cancer 2018;124:2238-45. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Efficient Implementation of the GIAO Method for Magnetic Properties: Theory and Application

An implementation of the gauge independent atomic orbital (GIAO) method for the ab initio self-consistent-field calculation of nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shifts is described. Significant improvement in the efficiency of the GIAO method has been achieved using techniques borrowed from analytical derivative methods. This improved GIAO method has been used to calculate the individual tensor components of the magnetic shielding of 1H,13C, 15N, 19F, 29Si and 33S in a wide variety of molecules and molecular systems containing a relatively large number of heavy atoms. Very good agreement has been found between the theoretically determined magnetic shielding properties and those obtained experimentally.
Vacancy Segregation at Grain Boundaries in Ceramic Oxides

Many of the important electronic and ionic properties in oxide ceramics are dominated by the interaction of oxygen vacancies with extended defects. Here, oxygen vacancy segregation to grain boundaries in perovskite structured SrTiO3 and fluorite structured Yttria stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) is analyzed by atomic resolution Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM). For both types of structure, grain boundaries are found to contain an excess of oxygen vacancies compared to the bulk material.
Analysis of Fucosylated Human Milk Trisaccharides in Biotechnological Context Using Genetically Encoded Biosensors.

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are complex carbohydrate components of human breast milk that exhibit plentiful benefits on infant health. However, optimization of their biotechnological synthesis is limited by the relatively low throughput of detection and quantification of monosaccharide and linkages. Conventional techniques of glycan analysis include chromatographic/mass-spectrometric methods with throughput on the order of hundreds of samples per day without automation. We demonstrate here, a genetically encoded bacterial biosensor for the high-throughput, linkage-specific detection and quantification of the fucosylated HMO structures, 2’-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose, which we achieved via heterologous expression of fucosidases. As the presence of lactose in milk or in biotechnological processes could lead to false positives, we also demonstrate the reduction of signal from lactose using different strategies. Due to the high throughput of this technique, many reaction conditions or bioreactor parameters could be assayed in parallel in a matter of hours, allowing for the optimization of HMO manufacturing.
DIODE: A Dense Indoor and Outdoor DEpth Dataset.

We introduce DIODE, a dataset that contains thousands of diverse high resolution color images with accurate, dense, long-range depth measurements. DIODE (Dense Indoor/Outdoor DEpth) is the first public dataset to include RGBD images of indoor and outdoor scenes obtained with one sensor suite. This is in contrast to existing datasets that focus on just one domain/scene type and employ different sensors, making generalization across domains difficult. The dataset is available for download at this http URL
Retrosynthetic strategies and their impact on synthesis of arcutane natural products

Retrosynthetic analysis is a cornerstone of modern natural product synthesis, providing an array of tools for disconnecting structures. However, discussion of retrosynthesis is often limited to the reactions used to form selected bonds in the forward synthesis. This review details three strategies for retrosynthesis, focusing on how they can be combined to plan the synthesis of polycyclic natural products, such as atropurpuran and the related arcutane alkaloids. Recent syntheses of natural products containing the arcutane framework showcase how these strategies for retrosynthesis can be combined to plan the total synthesis of highly caged scaffolds. Comparison of multiple syntheses of the same target provides a unique opportunity for detailed analysis of the impact of retrosynthetic disconnections on synthesis outcomes.
Applied evolutionary education: the benefits and costs of hosting regional evolution conferences

Regional academic conferences provide a variety of benefits to attendants, but hosting them can be costly. Here, we share benefits and drawbacks of hosting regional evolution meetings from the vantages of a tenured associate professor, a tenure-track assistant professor, and a doctoral student. We use experiences of hosting the NorthEastern Evolutionary Psychology Society (NEEPS), the Southeastern Evolutionary Perspectives Society (SEEPS), and the Mid-Atlantic Bioanthropology Interest Group (MABIG) as cases to address the benefits and costs. We highlight what are likely universal benefits and costs of hosting evolution conferences while also discussing the risks of excess service to women and underrepresented faculty members. We also draw attention to personal and circumstantial contingencies that evolution conference hosts may encounter.
Carboplatin-induced myelosuppression as related to body weight in dogs

Smaller dogs are known to have an increased risk of chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression for doxorubicin, mitoxantrone and melphalan. This retrospective study aimed to determine if dogs <15 kg and <10 kg experienced greater degrees of myelosuppression following treatment with carboplatin chemotherapy compared with dogs ≥15 kg. One hundred and one dogs treated with carboplatin for a variety of malignancies were retrospectively analysed. Eight dogs (61%) weighing <10 kg, three (38%) weighing 10 kg to <15 kg and 14 (17%) weighing ≥15 kg experienced a grade 3 or 4 neutropenia. Five dogs (38%) weighing <10 kg, two (25%) weighing 10 kg to <15 kg and 13 (16%) weighing ≥15 kg experienced a grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia. Dogs <10 kg were significantly more likely to develop a grade 3 or 4 neutropenia following carboplatin than dogs ≥10 kg (3.5 RR; 95% CI, 1.9-6.3; P < .001). Dogs <15 kg were also significantly more likely to develop a grade 3 or 4 neutropenia than dogs ≥15 kg (3 RR; 95% CI, 1.6-5.6; P = .004). Dogs <10 kg were significantly more likely to develop a grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia than those dogs ≥10 kg (2.5 RR; 95% CI, 1.1-5.6; P = .006). Hospitalization was significantly more likely for dogs <10 kg vs ≥10 kg (P = .014) as well as for dogs <15 kg vs ≥15 kg (P = .039). This study demonstrates an increased risk of carboplatin-induced myelosuppression in dogs <15 kg, and particularly those <10 kg. This information should be considered by clinicians when making decisions regarding the initial carboplatin dose for smaller canine patients, especially those <15 kg.
Distribution of mortar film thickness and its relationship to mixture cracking resistance

The film thickness of asphalt mortar, which is a mix of binder and fine mineral aggregates, has been considered as an important indicator for assessing the durability of asphalt mixture. This study...
The Expression of Activin Receptor-Like Kinase 1 (ACVRL1/ALK1) in Hippocampal Arterioles Declines During Progression of Alzheimer’s Disease

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) in Alzheimer's disease (AD)-deposition of beta amyloid (Aβ) within the walls of cerebral blood vessels-typically accompanies Aβ buildup in brain parenchyma and causes abnormalities in vessel structure and function. We recently demonstrated that the immunoreactivity of activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1), the type I receptor for circulating BMP9/BMP10 (bone morphogenetic protein) signaling proteins, is reduced in advanced, but not early stages of AD in CA3 pyramidal neurons. Here we characterize vascular expression of ALK1 in the context of progressive AD pathology accompanied by amyloid angiopathy in postmortem hippocampi using immunohistochemical methods. Hippocampal arteriolar wall ALK1 signal intensity was 35% lower in AD patients (Braak and Braak Stages IV and V [BBIV-V]; clinical dementia rating [CDR1-2]) as compared with subjects with early AD pathologic changes but either cognitively intact or with minimal cognitive impairment (BBIII; CDR0-0.5). The intensity of Aβ signal in arteriolar walls was similar in all analyzed cases. These data suggest that, as demonstrated previously for specific neuronal populations, ALK1 expression in blood vessels is also vulnerable to the AD pathophysiologic process, perhaps related to CAA. However, cortical arterioles may remain responsive to the ALK1 ligands, such as BMP9 and BMP10 in early and moderate AD.
Vibrio cholerae Type VI Activity Alters Motility Behavior in Mucin

ABSTRACT Motility is required for many bacterial pathogens to reach and colonize target sites. Vibrio cholerae traverses a thick mucus barrier coating the small intestine to reach the underlying epithelium. We screened a transposon library in motility medium containing mucin to identify factors that influence mucus transit. Lesions in structural genes of the type VI secretion system (T6SS) were among those recovered. Two-dimensional (2D) and 3D single-cell tracking was used to compare the motility behaviors of wild-type cells and a mutant that collectively lacked three essential T6SS structural genes (T6SS−). In the absence of mucin, wild-type and T6SS− cells exhibited similar speeds and run-reverse-flick (RRF) swimming patterns, in which forward-moving cells briefly backtrack before stochastically reorienting (flicking) in a new direction upon resuming forward movement. We show that mucin induced T6SS expression and activity in wild-type bacteria but significantly decreased their swimming speed and flicking, yielding curvilinear or near-surface circular traces for many cells. Conversely, mucin slowed T6SS− cells to a lesser extent, and many continued to flick and produce RRF-like traces. ΔcheY3 cells, which exclusively swim in the forward direction and thus cannot flick, also produced curvilinear traces with or without mucin present and, on occasion, near-surface circular traces in the presence of mucin. The dependence of flicking on swimming speed suggested that mucin-induced T6SS activity further decreased V. cholerae motility and thereby reduced flicking probability during reverse-to-forward transitions. We propose that this encourages cells to continue on their current trajectory rather than reorienting, which may benefit those tracking toward the epithelial surface. IMPORTANCEV. cholerae deploys an arsenal of virulence factors as it attempts to traverse a protective mucus layer and reach the epithelial surface of the distal small intestine. The T6SS used to cull bacterial competition during infection is induced by mucus. We show that this activity may serve an additional purpose by further decreasing motility in the presence of mucin, thereby reducing the probability of speed-dependent, near-perpendicular directional changes. We posit that this encourages cells to maintain course rather than change direction, which may aid those attempting to reach and colonize the epithelial surface.
A Nationwide Survey of Educational Resource Utilization and Perception Among Internal Medicine Residents.

New virtual resources (“novel resources”) have been incorporated into medical education. No recent large studies about their use and perception among internal medicine (IM) residents exist. Characterize the use and perceived helpfulness of educational resources. Nationwide survey from December 2019 to March 2020. IM residents in the USA. Residents were surveyed on their use and their perceived helpfulness of resources for both attaining general medical knowledge and for point-of-care (POC) learning. Traditional resources included board review resources, clinical experience, digital clinical resources (e.g., UpToDate), journal articles, pocket references, professional guidelines, textbooks, and residency curricula. Novel resources included Twitter, video streaming platforms (e.g., YouTube), online blogs, podcasts, and Wikipedia. We had 662 respondents from 55 residency programs across 26 states. On average, residents used 9 total resources (7 traditional and 2 novel). Digital clinical resources and clinical experience were used by all residents and found helpful by the highest percentage of residents (96% and 94%, respectively). Journal articles were next (used by 90%), followed by board review resources and residency curricula (both used by 85%). Their perceived helpfulness varied, from 90% for board review resources, to 66% for journal articles and 64% for residency curricula, the lowest perceived helpfulness of any traditional resource. Podcasts and video streaming platforms were used as frequently as textbooks (58–59%), but were rated as helpful more frequently (75% and 82% vs 66%, respectively). Digital clinical resources, video streaming platforms, and podcasts were perceived as helpful, underscoring the importance of ensuring their integration into medical education to complement clinical experience and other traditional resources which remain highly valued by residents. Our findings can inform residency programs as they transition to virtual curricula in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Shapes of Subcortical Structures in Adolescents With and Without Familial History of Substance Use Disorder

Background: To explore if intergenerational transmission of risk for substance use disorder (SUD) manifests in brain anatomy of substance naive adolescents. Differences in anatomical shapes of subcortical structures (SSS) have been detected in neuroimaging studies, even in the absence of volume differences and SSS have been shown to be heritable. Therefore, we examined if the SSS of adolescents with a family history (FH+) of SUD differed from the SSS of adolescents without a family history of SUD (FH-). Because risk for SUD is associated with anxiety and impulsivity, we also examined correlations between these psychological characteristics and SSS. Methods: Using structural MRI, we obtained indices of SSS from 64 FH+ and 58 FH- adolescents and examined group differences and correlations between shape indices, trait anxiety and impulsivity. Findings: FH+ adolescents had a significant inward deformation in the shape of the right anterior hippocampus compared to FH- adolescents, while the volume of the right anterior hippocampus did not differ. Compared to FH- adolescents, the shape deformation of the brainstem, amygdala, hippocampus, putamen, pallidum and nucleus accumbens of FH+ adolescents exhibited an inverted correlational pattern with trait anxiety and impulsivity. Interpretation: SSS appears to capture anatomical features that traditional volumetric analysis does not. The inward shape deformation in the right anterior hippocampus in the FH+ adolescents may be related to the known increased risk for behavioral dysregulation leading to SUD in FH+ offspring. This novel approach may reveal neural correlates of familial transmission of increased vulnerability to problematic substance use. Funding Statement: This study was supported in part by NIDA (5R01 DA038154, PI: Christina W. Hoven) Declaration of Interests: No authors report any financial relationships with commercial interests. Ethics Approval Statement: The New York State Psychiatric Institute’s Institutional Review Board approved this study, and informed consent/assent was obtained from every participant.
Experimental study on rheological and settling properties of shape memory polymer for fracture sealing in geothermal formations

Abstract This paper studies the rheology and annular flow of a smart lost circulation material (LCM) at 160 °C, using a high-temperature flow loop. The smart LCM is a shape memory polymer (SMP) that activates at high temperatures, and its particle size increases to seal fractures in geothermal formations. SMP was mixed with the base fluid in two different concentrations, 1.0 and 3.0 wt%, to study rheology, wellbore hydraulics, activation process, and settling behavior under different testing conditions. The results of this study showed that the SMP could be activated at high temperatures. An increase of 80–100% in the particle size was observed at 160 °C. The mud samples showed a high shear-thinning behavior at the two concentrations with a Power-law flow index (n) ranging between 0.025 and 0.101. No additional frictional pressure losses were observed when SMP was added to the base fluid. SMP particles showed an excellent suspension at 1.0 wt% while, at 3.0 wt%, a bed was formed at a low flow rate and without pipe rotation. Increasing the drill pipe rotational speed or flow rate effectively removed the bed and homogeneously dispersed the SMP particles, ensuring a better sealing efficiency. SMP particle dispersion in inclined wells was better than in horizontal wells. Moreover, the findings of this study help optimize the lost circulation treatment by considering a wide range of operating parameters that can further be extended to different systems and geometries.
Cycles of Arbitrary Length in Distance Graphs on $$\mathbb F_q^d$$

For $$E \subset \mathbb F_q^d$$ , $$d \ge 2$$ , where $$\mathbb F_q$$ is the finite field with $$q$$ elements, we consider the distance graph $$\mathcal G^{\textrm{dist}}_t(E)$$ , $$t\neq 0$$ , where the vertices are the elements of $$E$$ , and two vertices $$x$$ , $$y$$ are connected by an edge if $$\|x-y\| \equiv (x_1-y_1)^2+\dots+(x_d-y_d)^2=t$$ . We prove that if $$|E| \ge C_k q^{\frac{d+2}{2}}$$ , then $$\mathcal G^{\textrm{dist}}_t(E)$$ contains a statistically correct number of cycles of length $$k$$ . We are also going to consider the dot-product graph $$\mathcal G^{\textrm{prod}}_t(E)$$ , $$t\neq 0$$ , where the vertices are the elements of $$E$$ , and two vertices $$x$$ , $$y$$ are connected by an edge if $$x\cdot y \equiv x_1y_1+\dots+x_dy_d=t$$ . We obtain similar results in this case using more sophisticated methods necessitated by the fact that the function $$x\cdot y$$ is not translation invariant. The exponent $$\frac{d+2}{2}$$ is improved for sufficiently long cycles.
Controlling False Discovery Rate in Signal Space for Transformation-Invariant Thresholding of Statistical Maps

Thresholding statistical maps with appropriate correction of multiple testing remains a critical and challenging problem in brain mapping. Since the false discovery rate (FDR) criterion was introduced to the neuroimaging community a decade ago, various improvements have been proposed. However, a highly desirable feature, transformation invariance, has not been adequately addressed, especially for voxel-based FDR. Thresholding applied after spatial transformation is not necessarily equivalent to transformation applied after thresholding in the original space. We find this problem closely related to another important issue: spatial correlation of signals. A Gaussian random vector-valued image after normalization is a random map from a Euclidean space to a high-dimension unit-sphere. Instead of defining the FDR measure in the image’s Euclidean space, we define it in the signals’ hyper-spherical space whose measure not only reflects the intrinsic “volume” of signals’ randomness but also keeps invariant under images’ spatial transformation. Experiments with synthetic and real images demonstrate that our method achieves transformation invariance and significantly minimizes the bias introduced by the choice of template images.
PALEOECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF A TURRITELLINE GASTROPOD-DOMINATED ASSEMBLAGE IN THE CRETACEOUS OF SOUTH CAROLINA

Blocks of sandy limestone dredged from the bottom of a quarry in eastern Lee County, South Carolina, contain a turritelline gastropod-dominated macrofossil assemblage, including age-diagnostic Maastrichtian ammonites. Although turritelline-dominated assemblages are common in other areas and ages, this is the first report of such an assemblage of any age from South Carolina and the first Cretaceous turritelline-dominated assemblage from eastern North America. Whereas the matrix of the turritelline layer is calcareous, the carbonate is present only as cement and the fossil assemblage did not form in a typically carbonate-dominated environment. This fact agrees with the observed absence of “turritella limestones” in the Cretaceous. Such limestones are common in the Paleogene but absent in the Neogene. This pattern is consistent with the hypothesis that turritellines as a group have become less thermophilic since the Cretaceous.
Assessing the Digital Rosetta Stone Model for Long-Term Access to Digital Documents

Information that is stored digitally is at risk for being irretrievably lost if either the methods used to retrieve the bitstream or the methods used to interpret the bitstream are lost. The Digital Rosetta Stone (DRS) model was developed as a conceptual framework for capturing and maintaining the methods necessary to retrieve digital information stored on obsolete media and to properly interpret it, though the software used to create it may also be obsolete. However, the community of those professionals concerned with this issue had not yet assessed this conceptual model. This study used the Delphi method to explore these issues with those responsible for maintaining access to digital data. Overall, the Delphi group expressed concerns about the practicality of developing the DRS, but agreed that it is an important concept that should be explored further. If found to be technologically feasible and economically desirable, the DRS could well lead to a long-term solution for recovering information that would otherwise be impossible to recover.
A Model Human Sexuality–HIV/AIDS Prevention and Intervention Service-Learning Program

This article deals with a service-learning program focused on human sexuality and HIV/AIDS prevention and intervention at the Howard University Department of Health, Human Performance and Leisure Studies. Topics discussed include how this program was created, an overview of peer education, HIV/AIDS peer education training, and services provided to clients. Program trainees create a culturally sensitive environment that contributes to the dissemination of information onpreventing HIV/AIDS transmission. The presentation techniques vary according to the type of audience served, from adolescents at a Planned Parenthood Organization to adults at an Amnesty International Organization to high school students at local high schools and recreation centers.
THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY AUTOMATED HIGHWAY SYSTEM DEMONSTRATION VEHICLE

This paper describes an autonomous vehicle developed by Ohio State University which was demonstrated at Demo '97. The vehicles demonstrated the following capabilities: advanced cruise control automated steering control for lane keeping, and autonomous behavior. The actual demonstration is first described, followed by an overview of the vehicles. The various sensors involved, the control systems computational hardware, and control software are described.
The effect of triiodothyronine administration on the elevated protein-bound iodine level in human pregnancy

Abstract 1. 1. Depression of the elevated PBI level of pregnant women followed the administration of triiodothyronine in the second and third trimesters. 2. 2. The data reveal that the pituitary-thyroid relation is normally responsive in pregnancy, and that the elevation in PBI is not due to the abnormal relation seen in hyperthyroidism. 3. 3. The data tend to exclude the possibility of more than limited placental secretion of thyrotropin. 4. 4. The implications are discussed of the finding that larger doses of triiodothyronine were required to suppress the PBI level in the last trimester of pregnancy than in the preceding trimester.
Some Applications of Subgroup Structure to Probabilistic Generation and Covers of Curves

Let G be a finite or algebraic group. There has been enormous progress recently on the subgroup structure of such groups. In particular, much more is now known about maximal subgroups. See the article by Liebeck [37] in this volume for a survey of some of these results. In this article, we will discuss some examples of how one can use this information.
Secondary Prevention of Stroke in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: What Every Neurologist Should Know

THE BOTTOM LINE The bottom line for neurologists is that atrial fibrillation (AF) patients who have had an ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) are at high risk of recurrent stroke and should be treated long-term with adjusted-dose warfarin (target INR = 2.5) for secondary prevention, provided it can be given safely and the blood pressure well controlled. For acute management, give aspirin until therapeutic anticoagulation is achieved. Please glance quickly at the attractive figures and illuminating tables, and then skip to the next article unless you want more detail! SOME HISTORY By the early 1980s, it was clear from cohort, case-control and autopsy studies that non-valvular AF (i.e. not associated with mitral valvular disease) was a strong, independent risk factor for ischaemic stroke. Based on the presumed pathogenesis of thrombus forming in relatively static blood in the left atrial appendage and then embolizing to the brain (Fig. 1)
Identification of the milk fat globule membrane proteins: I. Isolation and partial characterization of glycoprotein B

The salt soluble proteins from the fat globule membrane of cow's milk were resolved into three fractions by Sephadex column chromatography in sodium dodecyl sulfate. One of the fractions, termed glycoprotein B, was purified by rechromatography to essentially one band on sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. It was found to contain 14% carbohydrate including sialic acid, mannose, galactose, glucose, glucosamine and galactosamine. The amino acid composition of glycoprotein B was determined; it has amino terminal serine and carboxyl terminal leucine. The molecular weight of this glycoprotein as estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis is 49 500.
Also your job to learn!: helping students to reflect on their learning progress

Most of the time, the pedagogical analysis on student learning is focused on the efforts of the teacher. There is no doubt that teacher actions can have a profound positive effect on student learning. In this paper, we discuss what students can do to increase their learning outcome. In particular, we describe an instrument that facilitates students' reflection of their own learning. Although the use of reflection on learning is not novel, its use in CS education has not been explored extensively. Our system was developed as a result of an experiment that we performed in a CS2 course, successfully giving students opportunities to take control of their own learning process. One of the attractive features of our system is that it is relatively easy for the instructor to set up and monitor the students' progress. In our evaluation of the system, we found that it can increase significantly the students' programming confidence at the end of the course. Even though this paper studies the effectiveness of introducing the "reflection questionnaires" instrument in a CS2-type course, it can be applied to most other courses in a curriculum. We provide the material we used in our experiment so educators can adopt them.
Cultural Encounters and Emergent Cultures in Australia

Warlpiri Dreamings and Histories: Newly Recorded Stories from the Aboriginal Elders of Central Australia. Kerry Brown and Sima Sharma. Fighting Women: Anger and Aggression in Aboriginal Australia. Victoria Katherine Burbank. A Place for Strangers: Towards a History of Australian Aboriginal Being. Tony Swain.
Deformation and diffusion in sapphire (α-Al2O3)

Basal slip in sapphire, α-Al2O3, has been investigated in undoped, Mg-doped, and Ti-doped crystals over a wide temperature range. The changes in the stress-strain curves caused by aliovalent dopants are explained by changes in the density of small prismatic loops formed from breakup of edge dipoles. Oxygen lattice diffusion data were obtained for these crystals from loop annealing experiments. A significant doping effect is observed on the diffusion kinetics, which in turn accounts for the change in loop density in the microstructure.
Entity authentication in a mobile-cloud environment

Mobile devices are seeing an increase in usage in recent years and mobile security becomes important in part due to the shift of computing landscape towards mobile devices. Security and assurance of mobile computing is vital to the normal functioning in people's lives and our social, economic and political systems. In this paper, we propose and implement a novel system that authenticates users, devices, and a remote server in a mobile computing environment based on fuzzy vault, digital signature and zero-knowledge authentication. Our protocol is robust against the following attacks: 1) sniffing attack; 2) man-in-the-middle; 3) data modification; 4) impersonation; and 5) loss of device. Additionally, our protocol provides usability by using a fuzzy picture password. The strength of our protocol security is enhanced by using sensor data from the mobile device in the process of key generation. Our protocol was implemented and evaluated using Android and Amazon EC2.
A Negative Regulatory Element in the Rat Dopamine β-Hydroxylase Gene Contributes to the Cell Type Specificity of Expression

Dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) catalyzes the synthesis of the neurohormone norepinephrine and is expressed only in noradrenergic and adrenergic cells of the nervous and endocrine systems. We have previously described a positive-acting genetic regulatory element of the DBH that contributes to the restricted expression of this gene. In the study described here, we identify and characterize a negative-acting regulatory element within the 5'-flanking region of the rat DBH gene. This negative regulatory element, which is located between -282 and -232, represses transcription from the DBH promoter in cell lines of noncatecholaminergic origin and binds to nuclear factors found in extracts from both the catecholaminergic cell line SHSY-5Y and the noncatecholaminergic cell lines JEG-3 and C6. The negative regulatory region will reduce transcription from a heterologous promoter in two noncatecholaminergic cell lines. These experiments demonstrate that the selective expression of the DBH gene is controlled by both positive- and negative-acting genetic regulatory elements.
Rapid detection of herpes simplex virus in culture by in situ hybridization

Detection of herpes simplex virus (HSV) by a newly developed HSV-DNA in situ hybridization (ISH) technique (Diagnostic Hybrids, Inc., Athens, OH, USA) was compared with a reference standard that combines observation for cytopathic effect in shell vial cultures with subsequent identification of virus by staining with fluorescein-labeled HSV-specific monoclonal antibody. The new technique utilizes a probe consisting of an alkaline phosphatase direct labeled, cloned, single stranded DNA fragment that is common to HSV-1 and HSV-2. Both methods include enhancement of infection by centrifugation. In concurrent testing of 98 freshly collected specimens, HSV was detected in 17 by culture and 16 by ISH. In testing of 57 frozen positive specimens, HSV was detected in 54 by culture and 53 by ISH. Of the total isolates, 22 were HSV-1 and 49 were HSV-2. HSV was detected after 24 hrs of incubation by the DNA probe technique. Using the shell vial method as a reference standard, the new HSV-DNA ISH method had a sensitivity of 97.2%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100%, and a negative predictive value of 97.7%. HSV-DNA ISH appears to be a practical, sensitive, and specific technique for detection of HSV.
Amino acid transport in a kidney epithelial cell line (MDCK): Characteristics of Na+/amino acid symport in membrane vesicles and basolateral localization in cell monolayers

Na+-stimulated amino acid transport was investigated in MDCK kidney epithelial cell monolayers and in isolated membrane vesicles. When transport polarity was assessed in confluent polarized epithelial cell monolayers cultured on Nucleopore filters and mounted between two lucite chambers, Na+-stimulated transport of 2-(methylamino)isobutyric acid (MeAIB), a substrate specific for the A system, was predominantly localized on the basolateral membrane. Na+-stimulated amino acid transport activity was maximal in subconfluent cultures, and was substantially reduced after confluence. A membrane vesicle preparation was isolated from confluent MDCK cell cultures which was enriched in Na+-stimulated MeAIB transport activity and Na+,K+,ATPase activity, a basolateral marker, but was not enriched in apical marker enzyme activities or significantly contaminated by mitochondria. Na+-coupled amino acid transport activity assayed in vesicles exhibited a marked dependence on external pH, with an optimum at pH 7.4. The pattern of competitive interactions among neutral amino acids was characteristic of A system transport. Na+-coupled MeAIB and AIB transport in vesicles was electrogenic, stimulated by creation of an interior-negative membrane potential. The Na+ dependence of amino acid transport in vesicles suggested a Na+ symport mechanism with a 1:1 stoichiometry between Na+ and amino acid.
FLIR systems submicro rotary stirling cycle IDCA for imaging systems

The advantages of the common Rotary Stirling cycle coolers over the Split Stirling Linear are the overall size, light weight, low cooler input power and high efficiency. The main disadvantage has always been self induced vibration. Self induced vibration is a major consideration in the design of stabilized IR imaging systems/(GIMBALS) due to the effect it has on image quality i.e. Jitter. The "irregular shape" of the Rotary cooling engine attached to the payload and optics is also a problem in terms of the limits it has on optical system size. To address these issues, FLIR Systems Inc in Boston MA, developed a new rotary Stirling cycle cooling engine known as the FLIR Submicro Cooler. The Submicro is now in production and has been applied in a few products especially in FLIR"S smallest GIMBAL which measures 7.0 inch in spherical diameter. In this paper we discuss the improvements made in terms of IDCA implementation in stabilized imaging systems.
Small Molecule Inhibitors Target the Tissue Transglutaminase and Fibronectin Interaction

Tissue transglutaminase (TG2) mediates protein crosslinking through generation of e-(γ-glutamyl) lysine isopeptide bonds and promotes cell adhesion through interaction with fibronectin (FN) and integrins. Cell adhesion to the peritoneal matrix regulated by TG2 facilitates ovarian cancer dissemination. Therefore, disruption of the TG2-FN complex by small molecules may inhibit cell adhesion and metastasis. A novel high throughput screening (HTS) assay based on AlphaLISA™ technology was developed to measure the formation of a complex between His-TG2 and the biotinylated FN fragment that binds TG2 and to discover small molecules that inhibit this protein-protein interaction. Several hits were identified from 10,000 compounds screened. The top candidates selected based on >70% inhibition of the TG2/FN complex formation were confirmed by using ELISA and bioassays measuring cell adhesion, migration, invasion, and proliferation. In conclusion, the AlphaLISA bead format assay measuring the TG2-FN interaction is robust and suitable for HTS of small molecules. One compound identified from the screen (TG53) potently inhibited ovarian cancer cell adhesion to FN, cell migration, and invasion and could be further developed as a potential inhibitor for ovarian cancer dissemination.
FORMATION OF MULTIPLE EMULSIONS IN A FOUR-COMPONENT SYSTEM CONTAINING NONIONIC SURFACTANTS

ABSTRACT W/O/W and O/W/O multiple emulsions have been found in systems consisting of water, light mineral oil, and two nonionic surfactants (Span 80 and Tween 20).No specific order of addition of the components or pre-mixing was followed. Following gentle agitation at 25°, 35° and 45° for 48 hours, W/O/W emulsions were found at water contents above 30%, while 0/W/O emulsions generally appeared below 60% water.W/0 and 0/W emulsions, micellar phases and liquid crystalline phases were also observed at various compositions. The multiple emulsion regions decreased in size as temperature increased and the areas and positions of the other phases were also temperature dependent.
Macrophages in human reproductive tissues contain luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptors.

PROBLEM: To determine whether macrophages in human reproductive tissues contain luteinizing hormone (LH)/human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) receptor mRNA and receptor protein that can bind 125I-hCG. METHOD OF STUDY: Macrophages isolated from term pregnancy human decidua were used for LH/hCG receptor detection by in situ hybridization for receptor mRNA and immunocytochemistry for a macrophage marker, CD68, performed alone and in combination, reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction, Western and ligand blotting. The LH/hCG receptor presence in macrophages in late luteal phase human endometria and corpora lutea was determined by sequential performance of in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: The macrophages present in term pregnancy human decidua and late luteal phase human endometria and corpora lutea contain LH/hCG receptors. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first demonstration of macrophages present in human reproductive tissues containing LH/hCG receptors. The receptor presence suggests that LH and hCG may regulate macrophage functions in gonadal as well as in non-gonadal target tissues.
Comparison of biochemical failure definitions for predicting local cancer recurrence following cryoablation of the prostate.

BACKGROUND Various definitions of biochemical failure (BF) have been used to predict cancer recurrence following prostate cryoablation. However to date, none of these definitions have been validated for this use. We have reviewed several definitions of BF to determine their accuracy in predicting biopsy-proven local recurrence following prostate cryoablation. METHODS The Columbia University Urologic Oncology Database was queried for patients who underwent prostate cryoablation between 1994 and 2010, and who subsequently underwent surveillance biopsy due to clinical suspicion of prostate cancer recurrence. Serial postoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) results were used to determine BF according to various definitions of BF. Biopsy results were used to determine local recurrence. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve area were calculated for each of the BF definitions. RESULTS A total of 110 patients met inclusion criteria for the study. These patients were treated with primary full-gland (n = 38), primary focal (n = 24), or salvage cryoablation (n = 48). On surveillance biopsy, 66 patients (60%) were found to have locally recurrent prostate cancer. The most accurate BF definition overall was PSA nadir plus 2 ng/ml (Phoenix definition), with sensitivity, specificity, and ROC curve area of 68%, 59%, and 0.64, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the Phoenix definition best predicted local cancer recurrence following prostate cryoablation. These preliminary data may be useful for researchers evaluating the short-term efficacy of cryoablation, and for urologists assessing their patients for potential cancer recurrence. Prostate 72:1802–1808, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Serendipitous intervention: qualitative findings from the study of dynamic patterns of husband-to-wife abuse

This mixed methods study observed day-to-day dynamics of husband-to-wife abuse. Daily reporting and weekly interaction with a research associate appeared to offer great benefit. A sample of 20 women age 20–62, were enrolled. Participants at high risk for abuse were excluded. Women who met the inclusion criteria completed a baseline questionnaire. Participants were instructed to complete a daily telephone assessment for 60 days to track the prior day’s abuse severity and potential violence predictors. Participants also completed a qualitative end-of-study interview. Women reported an increased awareness of community resources, heightened self-esteem and coping empowerment. Seven women (35 %) left their abusive relationships. Women who left were more educated but had lower socio-economic status (SES). Participants in common-law marriages were also more likely to leave. The unforeseen consequences of daily reporting coupled with regular contact with an engaged listener were positively associated with a woman’s readiness for change.
Effects of Surface Ligand Density on Lipid-Monolayer-Mediated 2D Assembly of Proteins

The two-dimensional (2D) assembly of the protein streptavidin on a biotin-bearing lipid monolayer was studied as a function of the surface density of biotin, a protein-binding ligand, by means of in situ X-ray scattering and optical Brewster angle microscopy measurements at the liquid–vapor interface. Although this model system has been studied extensively, the relationship between the surface biotin density and the adsorption, 2D phase behavior, and binding state of streptavidin has yet to be determined quantitatively. The observed equilibrium phase behavior provides direct structural evidence that the 2D crystallization of the lipid-bound streptavidin occurs as a density-driven first-order phase transition. The minimum biotin density required for the 2D crystallization of streptavidin is found to be remarkably close to the density of the ligand-binding sites in the protein crystal. Moreover, both above and below this transition, the observed biotin-density dependence of protein adsorption is well described by the binding of biotin-bearing lipids at both of the two available sites per streptavidin molecule. These results imply that even in the low-density noncrystalline phase, the bound proteins share a common, fixed orientation relative to the surface normal, and that the 2D crystallization occurs when the lateral protein density reaches 50–70% of the 2D crystal density. This study demonstrates that in addition to a well-defined molecular orientation, high lateral packing density is essential to the 2D crystallization of proteins.
Finiteness properties of local cohomology modules: a characteristic-free approach

Abstract If R is a commutative Noetherian regular ring containing a field and I is an ideal of R , it is known that every local cohomology module of R with support in I has finite Bass numbers and a finite set of associated primes. However, the previously available proofs of this result were completely different from each other in characteristic p>0 and in characteristic 0. The purpose of this paper is to give a characteristic-free proof of this result modulo a result from the theory of D -modules which has a completely characteristic-free statement but for which we do not know a characteristic-free proof.
Quantitative blood flow measured calorimetrically in the human toe in normal subjects and in patients with residua of trench foot and frostbite

Abstract 1. 1. Blood flow in the human toe after vasodilatation by heat was studied calorimetrically in a group of twenty-three normal subjects and in a group of forty-one patients with residual symptoms of trench foot and frostbite. 2. 2. The average normal blood flow was 0.191 grams per square centimeter per minute ± standard deviation of 0.041. 3. 3. The average blood flow in patients with trench foot and frostbite was 0.155 grams per square centimeter per minute ± standard deviation of 0.045. 4. 4. The significantly decreased blood flow in the latter group is believed to be attributable to organic obstruction or constriction of the small arteries of the foot.