cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of portals of entry of Aeromonas hydrophila in channel catfish

Abstract Channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus , with uninjured skin or with skin that had been mechanically abraded were immersed in a suspension of Aeromonas hydrophila . Other fish had A. hydrophila placed into their stomach by gavage. Systemic infections developed readily when the skin was abraded before exposure to bacteria. Aeromonas hydrophila gained access to the internal organs through the digestive tract or uninjured skin under crowded conditions (13.1 g of fish/l) and high temperature (24°C), but not when the fish were stocked at low density (5.2 g of fish/l) and low temperature (18°C).
Information-based uncertainty for a photon

Abstract It is shown on the basis of Fisher information that the ultimate root-mean square uncertainty in the position of a single photon of wavelength λ is 0.112 λ in vacuum. This is as well an “effective size” for the photon.
An analysis of UK waste minimization clubs: key requirements for future cost effective developments.

The UK waste strategy is based upon use of the best practicable environmental option (BPEO), by those making waste management decisions. BPEO is supported by the use of the waste hierarchy, with its range of preferable options for dealing with waste, and the proximity principle, where waste is treated/disposed of as close to its point of origin as possible. The national waste strategy emphasizes the key role of waste minimization and encourages industry, commerce and the public to move towards sustainable waste management practice for economic and environmental reasons. Waste minimization clubs have been used, since the early 1990s, to demonstrate to industry/commerce that reducing waste production can lead to significant financial savings. There have been around 75 such clubs in the UK and they receive support from a wide range of agencies, including the Environmental Technology Best Practice Program. The early Demonstration Clubs had significant savings to cost ratios, e.g. Aire and Calder at 8.4, but had very high costs, e.g. Aire and Calder at 400,000 pounds. It is acknowledged that the number of clubs will have to be approximately doubled in the next few years so as to have an adequate coverage of the UK. There are at present, marked regional variations in club development and cognizance needs to be taken, by facilitators, of the need for extensive coverage of the UK. Future clubs will probably have to operate in a financially constrained climate and they need to be designed to deliver significant savings and waste reduction at low cost. To aid future club design, final reports of all projects should report in a standard manner so that cost benefit analysis can be used to inform facilitators about the most effective club type. rights reserved.
Design of adaptive reconfigurable control systems using extended-Kalman-filter-based system identification and eigenstructure assignments

In this paper, an adaptive reconfigurable control system based on extended Kalman filter approach and eigenstructure assignments is proposed. System identification is carried out using an extended Kalman filter (EKF) approach. An eigenstructure assignment (EA) technique is applied for reconfigurable feedback control law design to recover the system dynamic performance. The reconfigurable feedforward controllers are designed to achieve the steady-state tracking using input weighting approach. The proposed scheme can identify not only actuator and sensor variations, but also changes in the system structures using the extended Kalman filtering method. The overall design is robust with respect to uncertainties in the state-space matrices of the reconfigured system. To illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed reconfigurable control system design technique, an aircraft longitudinal vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) control system is used to demonstrate the reconfiguration procedure.
Allele-specific PCR reveals that CYP6D1 is on chromosome 1 in the house fly, Musca domestica.

A cytochrome P450, termed P450lpr, is the major P450 responsible for pyrethroid resistance in the Learn-PyR (LPR) strain of house fly. Recently, the putative gene (CYP6D1) coding for P450lpr has been sequenced from the LPR and aabys strains of house fly. Allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (ASPCR) was used for linkage group analysis with backcross progeny from the wild type LPR strain and a multiple marker strain (aabys). We found thatCYP6D1 is linked to chromosome 1. The possible role of regulatory or modifying genes responsible for elevated P450lpr expression is discussed in relation to the chromosomal linkage ofCYP6D1.
Comparison and Validation of Injury Risk Classifiers for Advanced Automated Crash Notification Systems

Objective: The odds of death for a seriously injured crash victim are drastically reduced if he or she received care at a trauma center. Advanced automated crash notification (AACN) algorithms are postcrash safety systems that use data measured by the vehicles during the crash to predict the likelihood of occupants being seriously injured. The accuracy of these models are crucial to the success of an AACN. The objective of this study was to compare the predictive performance of competing injury risk models and algorithms: logistic regression, random forest, AdaBoost, naive Bayes, support vector machine, and classification k-nearest neighbors.Methods: This study compared machine learning algorithms to the widely adopted logistic regression modeling approach. Machine learning algorithms have not been commonly studied in the motor vehicle injury literature. Machine learning algorithms may have higher predictive power than logistic regression, despite the drawback of lacking the ability to perform statistical...
The Core of Care: Essential Ingredients for the Development of Children at Home and Away from Home.

Recent research findings in child development are applied to pertinent issues in child care. Child care is presented as the provision of physical comfort together with the experience of dependability and predictability. This composite optimally enables the child to experience a very personal care and with it, the feeling that he or she is special. Seven ingredients are outlined, and presented with illustrative child caring activities, as the Core of Care.
Response-independent Events In The Behavior Stream.

The metaphor of the behavior stream provides a framework for studying the effects of response-independent food presentations intruded into an environment in which operant responding of pigeons was maintained by variable-interval schedules. In the first two experiments, response rates were reduced when response-independent food was intruded during the variable-interval schedule according to a concomitantly present fixed-time schedule. These reductions were not always an orderly function of the percentage of response-dependent food. Negatively accelerated patterns of key pecking across the fixed-time period occurred in Experiment 1 under the concomitant fixed-time variable-interval schedules. In Experiment 2, positively and negatively accelerated and linear response patterns occurred even though the schedules were similar to those used in Experiment 1. The variable findings in the first two experiments led to three subsequent experiments that were designed to further illuminate the controlling variables of the effects of intruded response-independent events. When the fixed and variable schedules were correlated with distinct operanda by employing a concurrent fixed-interval variable-interval schedule (Experiment 3) or with distinct discriminative stimuli (Experiments 4 and 5), negatively accelerated response patterns were obtained. Even in these latter cases, however, the response patterns were a joint function of the physical separation of the two schedules and the ratio of fixed-time or fixed-interval to variable-interval schedule food presentations. The results of the five experiments are discussed in terms of the contributions of both reinforcement variables and discriminative stimuli in determining the effects of intruding response-independent food into a stream of operant behavior.
Analysis of bounds for a capacitated single-item lot-sizing problem

Lot-sizing problems are cornerstone optimization problems for production planning with time varying demand. We analyze the quality of bounds, both lower and upper, provided by a range of fast algorithms. Special attention is given to LP-based rounding algorithms.
VIII. The German Administration in Luxemburg 1940–1942: Toward a ‘de facto’ Annexation*

Histories of the Second World War rarely describe the impact of that conflagration upon the Grand Duchy of Luxemburg. Such omission is not surprising, yet the German efforts to assimilate this allegedly Germanic borderland reveal interesting aspects of National Socialist totalitarian methods.
Cranial nerve deficit: a clue to the diagnosis of ethylene glycol poisoning.

CASEREPORTS Patient 1 A 57-year-old white man was transferred to the Dallas Veterans Administration with a four-day history of mild abdominal pain and anuria. Past medical history was significant for a femoral-femoral bypass. On examination the patient was alert, oriented, lucid, and appeared well. Vital signs were normal. Mild diffuse abdominal tenderness without rebound was noted. The following values were obtained during laboratory evaluation (mEq/L): sodium 138, potassium 4.2, chloride 100, and bicarbonate 22; the blood urea nitrogen level was 67 mg/dL, and the creatinine level was 12.5 mg/dL. Urinalysis revealed 300 mg/dL protein by dipstick, greater than 50 red blood cells per high-power field, occasional granular casts, and no crystals (X3). The hematocrit was 34.7%, and the white blood cell count was 9,800/mm3. Renal sonographic results were normal. Given persistent anuria, the history of peripheral vascular disease, and abdominal pain, a diagnosis of renal artery occlusion was entertained. Results of a renal arteriogram were completely normal. Hemodialysis was begun 10 days after the patient’s initial admission. On Day 11 of hospitalization, the patient was noted to be dysarthric and to have evidence of cranial nerve V, VII, and VIII abnormalities. Physical examination demonstrated drooping of the right side of the face and an inability to completely close the right eye. Decreased sensation to pinprick was present on the right side of the face, and the patient was deaf bilaterally. Results of computerized tomographic examination of the brain were normal. Examination of the cerebrospinal fluid showed 51 to 70 white blood cells/mm3 (90% polymorphonuclear leukocytes), protein 198 mg/dL, and glucose 52 mg/dL. VDRL, cryptococcal antigen, and all microbial culture specimens were negative. On the twelfth, day of hospitalization, the patient developed bilateral facial diplegia and sensory loss. The left cornea1 reflex was absent and a gag reflex could no longer be elicited. Nerve conduction studies confirmed the presence of bilateral peripheral VII nerve palsies. On Day 13, the patient’s sensorium decreased; by Day 14, frank coma was present, and the patient required
Long-range order of two interacting anyon-gas layers of opposite statistical charge.

We study aspects of long-range order in a model consisting of two interacting layers of anyon gases with opposite statistical charge. We start with bosons with a statistical interaction and second quantize the theory using an approach that uses a local and gauge-invariant order parameter. We then study this model in the Bogoliubov approximation. We explicitly compute the depletion from the condensate and gauge-invariant correlation functions. We show that the ground state is a ``weak'' condensate of charge-flux composites with ``nearly long-range order.'' The condensate becomes statistically neutral in the thermodynamic limit. It is pointed out that the ``nearly long-range order'' at zero temperature has its origins in the logarithmic infrared singularities arising from the two-dimensional Coulomb repulsion induced by the long-range statistical interaction. The quasiparticle spectrum consists of one massless mode, and a plasmon mode with a weak gap. The system is quasiordered at any nonzero temperature, but we present evidence for a finite helicity modulus.
Children's and adults' sex-stereotyped perceptions of infants

Sex-stereotyped perceptions of infants were examined in children (aged 5, 9, and 15 years), college students, and the children's mothers. The children and college students as a group rated labeled female infants as littler and as more beautiful, nice, and soft than labeled male infants, with no age changes in sex-stereotyped perceptions. The mothers as a group were not influenced by the labeled sex manipulation. The 5-year-olds rated the infants the least favorably and the mothers rated the infants the most favorably. Girls rated the infants as more beautiful than the boys did. Finally, the mothers with higher masculinity scores and their sons showed less sex-stereotyped perceptions of the infants than mothers with lower masculinity scores and their sons.
Onset of shear band localization by a local generalized eigenvalue analysis

Abstract Shear bands are material instabilities associated with highly localized intense plastic deformation zones which can form in materials undergoing high strain rates. Determining the onset of shear band localization is a difficult task and past work reported in the literature attempt to detect this instability by computing the eigenvalues of the acoustic tensor or by studying the linear stability of the perturbed governing equations. However, both methods have their limitations and are not suited for general rate dependent materials in multidimensions. In this work we propose a novel approach to determine the onset of shear band localization and alleviate the limitations of the above mentioned methods. Owing to the implicit mixed finite elements discretization employed in this work, we propose to cast the instability analysis as a generalized eigenvalue problem by employing a particular decomposition of the element Jacobian matrix. We show that this approach is attractive, as it is applicable to general rate dependent multidimensional cases where no special simplifying assumptions ought to be made. To verify the accuracy of the proposed eigenvalue analysis, we first extend an analytical criterion by applying linear perturbation techniques to the continuous PDE model, considering an elastoplastic material with thermal diffusion and a non-linear Taylor–Quinney coefficient. While this extension is novel on its own, it requires strenuous derivations and is not easily extended to general multidimension applications. Hence, herein it is only used for verification purposes in 1D. Numerical results on one-dimensional problems show that the eigenvalue analysis exactly recovers the instability point predicted by the analytical criterion with non-linear Taylor–Quinney coefficient. In addition, the proposed generalized eigenvalue analysis is applied on two-dimensional problems where propagation of the instability can be easily determined.
Point-Color-Symmetric Graphs with a Prime Number of Vertices

We construct and enumerate all point-color-symmetric digraphs and graphs with a prime number of vertices. Our result unifies and generalizes the similar results for vertex transitive graphs and symmetric graphs.
Pia arachnoid contains substance P originating from trigeminal neurons.

Abstract Immunoreactive substance P is present in measurable amounts in pia arachnoid from rat, cat, dog and calf. Levels of substance P in this tissue are comparable to those found in peripheral structures receiving innervation from dorsal root or trigeminal ganglia. Separation and measurement of bovine pia-arachnoid extract by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay reveals a single peak of activity with a retention time identical to that of substance P. Unilateral lesions of the trigeminal ganglia decrease substance P levels within cat pia arachnoid and accompanying blood vessels ipsilaterally by greater than 50%. These data indicate that most of the substance P surrounding pial blood vessels resides within afferent nerve fibres from trigeminal ganglion cells.
Call for papers special issue: Proposal writing

THERE are four forms of writing: exposition, which informs the reader by presenting facts and figures; description, which helps the reader visualize an idea or situation; narration, which tells a chronological story; and persuasion, which tries to convince the reader to accept the writer's perspective. Most writing is predominantly one of these forms. Proposal writing may require all four forms. Perhaps this explains why many proposals are not effective.
Low humidity effects on photosynthesis in single leaves of C4 plants.

It was hypothesized that since sub-stomatal carbon dioxide concentrations are often saturating to photosynthesis at ambient external concentrations in C4 plants at high light, photosynthesis might be insensitive to partial stomatal closure caused by large leaf-air water vapor pressure difference. The response of stomatal conductance and photosynthesis at high irradiance to vapor pressure difference was determined under uniform conditions in C4 plants grown under controlled conditions, and outdoors. In several cases, photosynthesis was less sensitive to stomatal closure than it would have been if photosynthesis had a linear response to sub-stomatal carbon dioxide concentration. No change in photosynthesis at up to 25 mbar vapor pressure difference was demonstrated in the C4 species Portulaca oleracea and Amaranthus hypochondriacus, despite reductions in stomatal conductance of 32 and 17%, respectively. Sensitivity of photosynthesis to leaf-air vapor pressure difference was found to depend on the species and on the growth conditions.
Rapid PCR Detection of Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and Ureaplasma parvum

Objective. We compared laboratory developed real-time PCR assays for detection of Mycoplasma hominis and for detection and differentiation of Ureaplasma urealyticum and parvum to culture using genitourinary specimens submitted for M. hominis and Ureaplasma culture. Methods. 283 genitourinary specimens received in the clinical bacteriology laboratory for M. hominis and Ureaplasma species culture were evaluated. Nucleic acids were extracted using the Total Nucleic Acid Kit on the MagNA Pure 2.0. 5 μL of the extracts were combined with 15 μL of each of the two master mixes. Assays were performed on the LightCycler 480 II system. Culture was performed using routine methods. Results. M. hominis PCR detected 38/42 M. hominis culture-positive specimens, as well as 2 that were culture negative (sensitivity, 90.5%; specificity, 99.2%). Ureaplasma PCR detected 139/144 Ureaplasma culture-positive specimens, as well as 9 that were culture negative (sensitivity, 96.5%; specificity, 93.6%). Of the specimens that tested positive for Ureaplasma species, U. urealyticum alone was detected in 33, U. parvum alone in 109, and both in 6. Conclusion. The described PCR assays are rapid alternatives to culture for detection of M. hominis and Ureaplasma species, and, unlike culture, the Ureaplasma assay easily distinguishes U. urealyticum from parvum.
Green Buildings: A Systemic Approach to Sustainable Products and Systems Integration

Abstract This article is not intended as a definitive discourse on the subject of green building design, but rather as an overview of the author's preferences and design practice.
Factors affecting auditors' perceptions of applicable decision aids for various audit tasks*

. Forty-nine audit partners and managers were provided with a comprehensive list of audit tasks. Having been provided with definitions and instructions, the auditors were asked to identify the primary decision aid (automation, decision support systems, knowledge-based expert systems, and strictly human processing) applicable for each of the audit tasks. The results indicate that although the effect of audit methodology of the firm (structured, semistructured, and unstructured) on decision aid choices is mixed, the complexity of the audit tasks (structured, semistructured, and unstructured), auditor rank, and auditor specialty have significant impact on the decision aid choices of the participants. Implications for research and practice are discussed. Resume. L'auteur a remis a quarante-neuf associes responsables de la verification et directeurs de la verification une liste exhaustive des tâches de verification. Munis de definitions et de directives, les verificateurs devaient determiner l'aide principale a la decision (automatisation, sytemes de soutien a la decision, systemes experts fondes sur les connaissances et traitement strictement humain) correspondant a chacune des tâches de verification. Les results indiquent que bien que l'incidence de la methodologie de verification de l'entreprise (structuree, semi-structuree et non structuree) sur les choix relatifs a l'aide a la decision soit indeterminee, la complexite de la tâche de verification (structuree, semi-structuree et non structuree), l'echelon du verificateur et sa specialisation ont des repercussions appreciables sur les choix d'aide a la decision des participants. L'auteur se penche sur les consequences de ces resultats, pour la recherche et l'exercice de la profession.
Static analysis to reduce synchronization costs in data-parallel programs

For a program with sufficient parallelism, reducing synchronization costs is one of the most important objectives for achieving efficient execution on any parallel machine. This paper presents a novel methodology for reducing synchronization costs of programs compiled for SPMD execution. This methodology combines data flow analysis with communication analysis to determine the ordering between production and consumption of data on different processors, which helps in identifying redundant synchronization. The resulting framework is more powerful than any that have been previously presented, as it provides the first algorithm that can eliminate synchronization messages even from computations that need communication. We show that several commonly occurring computation patterns such as reductions and stencil computations with reciprocal producer-consumer relationship between processors lend themselves well to this optimization, an observation that is confirmed by an examination of some HPF benchmark programs. Our framework also recognizes situations where the synchronization needs for multiple data transfers can be satisfied by a single synchronization message. This analysis, while applicable to all shared memory machines as well, is especially useful for those with a flexible cache-coherence protocol, as it identifies efficient ways of moving data directly from producers to consumers, often without any extra synchronization.
Labor induction in term premature rupture of membranes: comparison between oxytocin and dinoprostone followed 6 hours later by oxytocin.

Objective The aim of this randomized study was to compare 2 protocols for inducing labor in women with premature rupture of membranes (PROM) at term. Study Design Women with PROM and a Bishop score ≤5 were randomly assigned to receive either an intravenous oxytocin infusion (n = 223) or a dinoprostone pessary followed 6 hours later by an intravenous oxytocin infusion (n = 227). Results Vaginal delivery within 24 hours of labor induction increased significantly with sustained-released dinoprostone followed by oxytocin infusion (78.5% vs 63.3%; relative risk, 1.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.09–1.39; P = .001). Maternal and neonatal outcomes were similar between the groups. Conclusion Sustained-released dinoprostone followed 6 hours later by an oxytocin infusion in term women with PROM was associated with a higher rate of vaginal delivery within 24 hours, and no difference in maternal-neonatal complications was observed compared with oxytocin infusion alone.
An observational test for the existence of a planetary system orbiting PSR1257 + 12

It is pointed out that, because of the near commensurability of the orbital periods of the recently reported planets of the nearby millisecond pulsar PSR1257 + 12, the mutual gravitational perturbations of the two planets should produce not only small secular changes, but also larger periodic changes in their orbital elements. In particular, it is found that changes in the eccentricities and orbital periods should become measurable within a few years. Such a measurement would help determine the three masses in the system and the inclinations of the orbits. More important, a detection of these changes, if they agree with theoretical predictions presented here, should provide irrefutable confirmation that the periodic residuals are caused by orbiting planets rather than some other effect.
A model interpretation op the correlation between the activation enthalpy and the breath op electric modulus spectrum on varying the compositions in alkali aluminogermanate and other glasses

From measurements of both d.c. and a.c. conductivity in wide composition range of alkali aluminogermanate glasses xM 2 O:yAl 2 O 3 :(1 − x − y)GeO 2 where M is the alkali Na or Rb, x ranges from 6 × 10 −4 to 0.29 and y/x −O , 0.33 and 1.0, we have established a correlation between the activation enthalpy E a * for d.c. ionic conductivity and the exponent n in the Kohlrausch function expt/τ * ) 1−n for electric field decay that gives a rather accurate description of both the d.c. and a.c. conductivity data. A similar trend has been observed also by Martin and Angell in Li 2 -P 2 O 5 glasses over the composition range 37–62 mol % Li 2 O − . In this work we shall use the coupling model of relaxation to interpret these results and to provide additional insight into electrical relaxation mechanism. The coupling model has been proven to be successful in explaining several anomalous features observed in vitreous ionic conductors. In varying the composition of a glass system, it does expect the coupling parameter n which appears in the Kohlrausch exponent to increase with decrease in the primitive activation enthalpy E a = (1−n)E a * , in agreement with the empirical correlation observed over a wide composition range. Further spin-lattice relaxation measurements give a direct measure of E a in support of this interpretation. The same correlation is verified also in mixed alkali and fluorinated borate glasses, and these data are explained also by the coupling model.
Rotavirus vaccine-derived shedding and viral reassortants

EVALUATION OF: Donato CM, Ch’ng LS, Boniface KF et al. Identification of strains of RotaTeq rotavirus vaccine in infants with gastroenteritis following routine vaccination. J. Infect. Dis. 206(3), 377–383 (2012).Two live, attenuated rotavirus vaccines, RotaTeq(®) (Merck) and Rotarix(®) (GlaxoSmithKline), have been used in Australia since July 2007 to prevent severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in children. Using active postvaccination monitoring, passive surveillance and state-of-the-art laboratory techniques, Donato et al. report that RotaTeq rotavirus vaccine and vaccine-derived strains were detected actively in stool samples from 13 out of 61 (21.3%) infants having diarrhea within 2 weeks of rotavirus vaccination, and among three out of 460 (0.7%) cases with acute gastroenteritis captured via the Australian Rotavirus Surveillance Program. Six (37.5%) of these 16 vaccine-derived viral specimens were associated with a G1P[8] strain thought to be the result of genetic reassortment between two component RotaTeq strains. Although nearly half of these reassortant-associated cases had underlying medical conditions, such as severe combined immunodeficiency disorder, further study is needed to understand the relationship between shedding, viral reassortants and underlying medical conditions.
Difluorobenzocyclooctyne: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Stabilization by β-Cyclodextrin

Highly reactive cyclooctynes have been sought as substrates for Cu-free cycloaddition reactions with azides in biological systems. To elevate the reactivities of cyclooctynes, two strategies, LUMO lowering through propargylic fluorination and strain enhancement through fused aryl rings, have been explored. Here we report the facile synthesis of a difluorobenzocyclooctyne (DIFBO) that combines these modifications. DIFBO was so reactive that it spontaneously trimerized to form two asymmetric products that we characterized by X-ray crystallography. However, we were able to trap DIFBO by forming a stable inclusion complex with β-cyclodextrin in aqueous media. This complex could be stored as a lyophilized powder and then dissociated in organic solvents to produce free DIFBO for in situ kinetic and spectroscopic analysis. Using this procedure, we found that the rate constant for the cycloaddition reaction of DIFBO with an azide exceeds those for difluorinated cyclooctyne (DIFO) and dibenzocyclooctyne (DIBO). Cyclodextrin complexation is therefore a promising approach for stabilizing compounds that possess the high intrinsic reactivities desired for Cu-free click chemistry.
Drug discovery for malaria: a very challenging and timely endeavor

The prevalence of resistance to known antimalarial drugs has resulted in the expansion of antimalarial drug discovery efforts. Academic and nonprofit institutions are partnering with the pharmaceutical industry to develop new antimalarial drugs. Several new antimalarial agents are undergoing clinical trials, mainly those resurrected from previous antimalarial drug discovery programs. Novel antimalarials are being advanced through the drug development process, of course, with the anticipated high failure rate typical of drug discovery. Many of these are summarized in this review. Mechanisms for funding antimalarial drug discovery and genomic information to aid drug target selection have never been better. It remains to be seen whether ongoing efforts will be sufficient for reducing malaria burden in the developing world.
Experimental Study of Flow Critical Heat Flux in Low Concentration Water-Based Nanofluids

Nanofluids are known as dispersions of nano-scale particles in solvents. Recent reviews of pool boiling experiments using nanofluids have shown that they have greatly enhanced critical heat flux (CHF). In many practical heat transfer applications, however, it is flow boiling that is of particular importance. Therefore, an experimental study was performed to verify whether or not a nanofluid can indeed enhance the CHF in the flow boiling condition. The nanofluid used in this work was a dispersion of aluminum oxide particles in water at very low concentration (≤0.1 v%). CHF was measured in a flow loop with a stainless steel grade 316 tubular test section of 5.54 mm inner diameter and 100 mm long. The test section was designed to provide a maximum heat flux of about 9.0 MW/m2 , delivered by two direct current power supplies connected in parallel. More than 40 tests were conducted at three different mass fluxes of 1,500, 2,000, and 2,500 kg/m2 sec while the fluid outlet temperature was limited not to exceed the saturation temperature at 0.1 MPa. The experimental results show that the CHF could be enhanced by as much as 45%. Additionally, surface inspection using Scanning Electron Microscopy reveals that the surface morphology of the test heater has been altered during the nanofluid boiling, which, in turn, provides valuable clues for explaining the CHF enhancement.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Alteration of selective neurotransmitters in fetal brains of prenatally alcohol-treated C57BL/6 mice: Quantitative analysis using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

We previously demonstrated that prenatal alcohol exposure results in brain defects at different embryonic stages. This study is aimed at characterizing the influence of prenatal alcohol exposure on the levels of several neurotransmitters at early embryonic stage 13 (E13). Pregnant C57BL/6 mice were exposed to either a 25% ethanol derived calorie diet (ALC) or pair-fed (PF) liquid diet from E7 to E13. At E13, fetal brains were collected from dams of the ALC and PF groups. Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was then used to evaluate neurotransmitter levels. This approach involved the use of an LC column in conjunction with multiple-reaction monitoring mass spectrometry. Quantitative analyses of catecholamines, idolamine, and amino acid neurotransmitters revealed significant reductions in the levels of dopamine (p=0.004), norepinephrine (p=0.0009), epinephrine (p=0.0002), serotonin (p=0.004), and GABA (p=0.002) in the ALC group compared to the PF group. However, there was no significant change in the levels of glutamate in E13 fetal brains. These findings demonstrate that prenatal alcohol exposure reduces the concentrations of some catecholamines, idolamine, and amino acid neurotransmitters in E13 fetal brains. This study suggests that alterations of selective neurotransmitters may be the cause of abnormalities in brain function and behavior found in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.
OBSERVATIONS UPON THE OCCURRENCE OF AN ANTIDIURETIC SUBSTANCE IN THE URINE OF PATIENTS WITH PRE-ECLAMPSIA AND ECLAMPSIA

IT is SOME twenty years since Hofbauer (1, 2) first postulated a ’pituitary adrenal’ mechanism as the cause of eclampsia. The proposal was attrac, tive, although it was not supported at the time by direct experimental evidence. Many of the changes in pathological physiology which are charac, teristic of eclampsia, particularly water retention, oliguria and convulsions, are simulated by experimental pituitrin intoxication. However, crucial evidence that would incriminate the posterior pituitary in the etiology of eclampsia would depend upon the demonstration of pituitrin in the tissues or body fluids either in abnormal amounts or under conditions in which it is not otherwise found. In 1931, Anselmino and Hoffman (3) reported that they had obtained a pituitrin, like substance in ultrafiltrates from the acidulated plasma of eclamptic patients. The identification of this supposed substance with pituitrin was based principally upon the observation that the ultrafiltrates caused inhibition of water diuresis in ...
Molecular beam epitaxial growth and characterization of Bi2Se3/II-VI semiconductor heterostructures

Surfaces of three-dimensional topological insulators (TIs) have been proposed to host quantum phases at the interfaces with other types of materials, provided that the topological properties of interfacial regions remain unperturbed. Here, we report on the molecular beam epitaxy growth of II-VI semiconductor–TI heterostructures using c-plane sapphire substrates. Our studies demonstrate that Zn0.49Cd0.51Se and Zn0.23Cd0.25Mg0.52Se layers have improved quality relative to ZnSe. The structures exhibit a large relative upward shift of the TI bulk quantum levels when the TI layers are very thin (∼6nm), consistent with quantum confinement imposed by the wide bandgap II-VI layers. Our transport measurements show that the characteristic topological signatures of the Bi2Se3 layers are preserved.
A necessary condition for the local solvability of the operator Pm2(x, D) + P2m − 1(x, D)

Abstract It is shown that a necessary condition for the local solvability of the operator P ( x , D ) = P m 2 ( x , D ) + P 2 m − 1 ( x , D ), where P m ( x , D ) is an m th-order homogeneous differential operator of principal type with real coefficients, is that along any null-bicharacteristic strip of P m ( x , ξ ) the imaginary part of the sub-principal symbol cannot have an odd-order zero where its real part does not vanish.
Effect of prednisone and prednisolone on thyroid function, with special reference to thyroxine-binding protein in nephrosis.

Activation of the adrenal cortex by corticotropin and the administration of adrenal steroid hormones profoundly influences thyroid activity (1–4), the level of circulating thyroid hormone (5–7), and the renal clearance of iodine by the kidney (8–10). This paper is concerned with the results of experiments designed to demonstrate and elucidate the mechanisms whereby prednisone and prednisolone influence thyroid activity in man.
Artifacts in computed tomography scanning of moving objects

Target volumes in the thorax and abdomen are commonly computed tomography (CT) scanned during light respiration. In this article, we analyze the distortions introduced in helical scanning of moving objects. Objects of known geometry are placed on a moving sled and scanned in a multirow helical CT scanner. The motion of the sled approximates the magnitude and velocity of organ movement in patients during light respiration (amplitude 1 cm, period 4 seconds). Scans of the phantom are obtained in high speed mode at incremental phases of respiration, and the resulting images are compared with scans obtained when the phantom is static. Computer simulations of the scan process are also performed to interpret the results and extend the analysis to a greater range of parameters in scanning, motion, and object size. Resulting scans show that spherical test objects can be shortened by as much as 2 cm or twice the periodic motion amplitude. Object shape was significantly distorted, and the geometric center of the object was displaced by as much as +/-0.8 cm. Computer simulation results qualitatively agree with the experimentally observed phantom images. These simulations predict that the effect is clearly observable even if the amplitude is decreased to 0.5 cm. Implications of scanning moving objects on treatment planning are discussed.
Bedbugs, Stench, Dampness, and Immorality: A Review Essay on Recent Literature About Poverty

TROFIMOV: .... They all look serious, have grim expressions, speak of weighty matters, and philosophize; and meanwhile anyone can see that the workers eat abominably, sleep without pillows, thirty or forty to a room, and everywhere there are bedbugs, stench, dampness, and immorality .... It's obvious that all our fine talk is merely to delude ourselves and others. Show me the day nurseries they are always talking about—and where are the reading rooms? They only write about them in novels, but in reality they don't exist. There is nothing but filth, vulgarity, asiaticism ..... I'm afraid of serious countenances, I don't like them, I'm afraid of serious conversations. We'd do better to remain silent. Anton Chekhov, THE CHERRY ORCHARD, Act II, 1904
Facilitation and inhibition in the jerk effect depend upon test flash duration and delay

Abstract A sudden jerk of a peripheral grating surround affects the visibility of a foveal test flash in the center of a uniform, white background disk. Visibility of a 100 msec, 8' test flash is reduced (inhibition) when measured between 50 msec before and after the jerk. With a 3 msec, 8' test flash, visibility is reduced during the period 10 to 50 msec after the jerk, but is enhanced (facilitation) 10 to 50 msec before it. This facilitation occurs only with flash durations of up to about 40 msec. No threshold changes are observed under dichoptic conditions, suggesting that the jerk-induced effect is precortical. Results are discussed with respect to the concept of mutual interaction between the sustained and transient systems.
A fractal analysis of interconnection complexity

The emergent, collective properties of computer interconnections are shown to be characterized by a noninteger dimension D/sub i/, which is, in general, different from the system's Euclidean dimension. This dimension characterizes the properties of a fractal support, or substrate, on which interconnections are placed to provide communication throughout the system. The interconnection support also acts as a host for a multifractal spectrum of interconnection distribution processes which characterize the change in connectivity in moving from the backplane to the transistor level. The properties of fractal systems are investigated by attempting to minimize their total wire length using a simulated annealing algorithm. Systems whose interconnection dimension is approximately equal to their Euclidean dimension are shown to possess minimum wire length arrangements. These results are then interpreted in terms of a geometrical temperature T/sub i/=1/D/sub i/. This analysis indicates that the system passes through a phase transition at T/sub i/ approximately=1/2 and that attainable system temperatures are bounded by 1/3 >
Embedded Learning Strategy Instruction: Story-Structure Pedagogy in Heterogeneous Secondary Literature Classes

The effects of using the Embedded Story-Structure (ESS) Routine in a literature course were investigated. A heterogeneous group of 79 ninth graders, including 14 students with LD, were randomly ass...
CHARGE ASYMMETRY IN THE LEPTON PAIR DECAY OF POLARIZED RESONANCES

Abstract The charge asymmetry in the lepton pair of a polarized ϒ (or any other heavy resonances) decay is computed. It provides a good test of the Weinberg-Salam model.
Synthesis and Structural Investigations of [Mn3O4(phen)4(H2O)2](NO3)4·2.5H2O: A Water-Bound Complex Obtained by Cerium(IV) Oxidation

The trinuclear manganese complex [Mn3O4(phen)4(H2O)2](NO3)4·2.5H2O, 1 (where, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline), has been synthesized by the Ce(IV) oxidation of a concentrated solution of manganese(II) acetate and phen in 1.6 N nitric acid. The complex crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1 with a = 10.700(2) A, b = 12.643(3) A, c = 20.509(4) A, α = 78.37(3)°, β = 83.12(3)°, γ = 82.50(3)°, and Z = 2. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined by least-squares techniques to the conventional R (Rw) factors of 0.055 (0.076) based on 4609 unique reflections with Fo ⩾ 6.0σ(Fo). The structure of the cation consists of an oxo-bridged Mn3O44+ core, with the geometry of the manganese atoms being octahedral. The coordination polyhedron of one of the manganese atoms (Mn(1)) consists of two μ oxo ligands and two pairs of nitrogen atoms of two phen moieties, whereas that of each of the remaining two manganese atoms consists of three μ-oxo ligands, two nitrogen atoms of a phen moiety, and the oxygen atom o...
Growth Hormone Covalently Bound to Sepharose. I. Preparation and Immunochemieal Properties

Purified bovine growth hormone (bGH) and human growth hormone (hGH) have been covalently bound to Sepharose 4B gel utilizing cyanogen bromide as the activating agent. Under the conditions employed, up to 1.44 mg of bGH and 1.20 mg of hGH were covalently bound per ml of settled Sepharose. Although growth hormone linked to Sepharose retained immunological activity in the complement fixation assay, the curve was significantly shifted in the direction of higher antigen concentrations and a zone of antigen excess was not attained with bGH—Sepharose. The observation that mixtures of unconjugated bGH or hGH and Sepharose gave complement fixation curves similar to that for bGH or hGH alone confirms that the covalent binding of growth hormone directly to Sepharose is accompanied by structural changes in the hormone or steric effects which alter the reactivity of the antigenic sites. This, however, did not interfer with the use of the bGHand hGH—Sepharose conjugates for purification of specific antibody from antise...
Academic Attachment: Predicting Students' Affective Reactions to the University.

In attempting to develop a predictive model of student attachment to the university, this research concentrates on four variable sets: perceptions of university goals, perceptions of university academic climate, perceptions of university academic environment, and feelings of academic alienation. Using a sample of 460 university students, multiple discriminant analytic results indicate that of these four variable sets, perceptions of the academic climate and feelings of academic alienation exert more influence on students' attachment to the university than do perceptions of university goals and perceptions of the academic environment. These findings are discussed within the context of a model of the university student operating very much as a democratic citizen in the university political system.
Temperature Regulation in Free-Swimming Bluefin Tuna

Abstract 1. 1. Acoustic telemetry was used to monitor ambient water temperature and tissue temperature in free-swimming bluefin tuna ( Thunnus thynnus Linneaus, 1758) over periods ranging from a few hours to several days. 2. 2. Bluefin, which experienced marked changes in water temperature, showed excellent regulation of the temperature of the stomach and epaxial muscles. 3. 3. Other species, bigeye tuna ( Thunnus obesus Lowe, 1893) and dusky shark ( Carcharhinus obscurus Lesueur, 1818) did not appear to control their body temperatures. 4. 4. The bluefin does not have a fixed temperature set-point: fish taken from the same school may vary 5°C or so in their maximum muscle temperature, and on occasions the body temperatures of fish we followed were observed to change independently of water temperature.
Phase Polymorphism in the Grasshopper Melanoplus differentialis

Individuals of Melanoplus differentialis raised in isolation or in a crowded environment show conspicuous morphological differences indicating phase polymorphism. Isolated nymphs are pale brown at low humidities and green at high; crowded ones show extensive black pigmentation. Isolated adults are larger than crowded, while crowded adults show maturational color changes that are not present in the isolated. No behavioral differences have been noted in the one generation.
Distributed flow admission control for real-time multimedia services over wireless ad hoc networks

In this paper, we propose a novel Priority-based Distributed flow Admission Control (PDAC) protocol which adds enhancements to the existing Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol in order to provide Quality of Service (QoS) to traffic flows belonging to realtime and multimedia applications in wireless ad hoc networks. PDAC allows a node to establish and/or discard traffic flows based on the global knowledge of traffic flow priority and available throughput together with the local knowledge of prevailing channel conditions, interference neighborhood, and available transmission rate. The PDAC protocol can also operate in 'cross-layer' architecture that encompasses network and MAC layers in order to provide fairness to higher-priority flows, better channel utilization, and effective resource reservation.
Bilateral Occult Mucosal Bridges of the True Vocal Folds

Summary A mucosal bridge of the true vocal fold is a rare, benign anatomical finding that can cause dysphonia. It has been described by some in the literature as "occult" as it is often not visibly evident on flexible nasopharyngolaryngoscopy or strobovideolaryngoscopy, but mistakenly diagnosed as a sulcus vocalis (Sataloff RT, Rosen C, Hawkshaw M. Occult mucosal bridge of the vocal fold. Ear Nose Throat J . 1997; 76(12):850). 2 Final diagnosis is usually not made until microscopic direct laryngoscopy is performed and palpation of the true vocal fold reveals the mucosal bridge (Tanaka S, Hirano M, Umeno H, Tanaka Y. Mucosal bridge of the vocal fold [Japanese]. 4 Nippon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho. 1991; 94(12):1853–1856). We describe a case of a 15-year-old boy complaining of long-standing hoarseness and found to have bilateral mucosal bridges of the true vocal folds. Previous reports cite cases of a unilateral mucosal bridge. We believe this is the first reported case of bilateral mucosal bridges.
FISH MUSCLE IS STILL HELICAL

![Figure][1] Fish axial muscle is weird. It's so weird that Sven Gemballa and Felix Vogel, in their December paper in Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology , are the first to attempt to explain its three-dimensional structure since R. McNeill Alexander in 1969. Its complexity has long
Stabilizing Liao's absorbing boundary conditions using single-precision arithmetic

The boundary conditions given by Z.P. Liao et al. (Scientia Sinica, vol.XXVII, no.10, p.1065, 1984) for finite difference time-domain analysis have been shown to yield excellent results in scalar as well as vector electromagnetics problems using double-precision arithmetic. However, it is more desirable to use single-precision arithmetic if possible, since the time required to perform a real, double-precision multiplication is two to three times that of a single-precision operation. But with a single-precision implementation, it is observed that the solution becomes unstable as the number of time steps grows. The authors present a procedure for remedying this problem. >