cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Apoptotic retinal cell death induced by antirecoverin autoantibodies of cancer-associated retinopathy.

Purpose. Recoverin has been identified as a target autoantigen for antirecoverin antibodies found in the sera of some patients with cancer-associated retinopathy. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of antirecoverin antibodies in cancer-associated retinopathy. Methods. Human, rat, and rabbit antirecoverin antibodies were purified using a recoverinaffinity column. Purified biotinylated antibodies were cultured with recoverin-positive rat retinal cells E1A.NR3. Antibody uptake by retinal cells in vitro was analyzed by immunocytochemistry. Cytotoxic effect of antibodies on retinal cells was measured by the MTT colorimetric method. Apoptosis was shown by the ladder DNA fragmentation method and by fluorescent dye chromatin fragmentation analysis. Results. Antirecoverin antibodies obtained either from sera from five cancer-associated retinopathy patients or from sera of immunized animals were internalized by E1A.NR3 cells. Only specific, antirecoverin antibodies produced destruction of the cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Normal immunoglobulin G did not have such effects on retinal cells. No additional cell destruction was observed in the presence of complement as compared with cultures incubated with antirecoverin antibodies alone. Internucleosomal DNA fragmentation and presence of apoptotic cells was observed throughout the culture treated with recoverinspecific antibodies but not with normal antibodies. Cells not expressing recoverin (Y79, PCI 2, and GH3) were not susceptible to cell destruction because of antirecoverin antibody action. Conclusions. These studies showed that antibodies specific to recoverin are able to enter and cause death of cells expressing recoverin. In humans, autoandbodies originally elicited against recoverin expressed in tumor cells may damage retinal photoreceptors and play a role in the pathogenesis of cancer-associated retinopathy. Results suggest that autoantibody to recoverin, when given access to recoverin in the retina through the blood-retina barrier, could initiate photoreceptor degeneration leading to blindness. Such mechanism may be common for other paraneoplastic disorders or autoimmune diseases where antibodies interfere with the normal cell physiology. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1997;38:283-291. V>»ancer-associated retinopathy (CAR) is a paraneoplastic blinding disease, in which retinal degeneration occurs in the presence of systemic tumor growth. 1
Muscle Loss in Space: Physiological Consequences

Recent findings clearly suggest that one of the hallmarks of exposing humans and animals to the environment of spaceflight involves the process of muscle atrophy and associated deficits in one's performance capability. This article describes the effects of spaceflight and/or states of muscle unloading on (1) the intrinsic structural and functional properties of skeletal muscle, (2) the performance of muscular activities associated with locomotion and other motor tasks both during and after exposure to spaceflight, and (3) theoretical concepts for enhancing our current understanding of the effectiveness of countermeasures routinely used either to maintain or prevent observed muscle loss and corresponding deficits in musculoskeletal function. Data from both human and animal models from in-flight and ground-based experiments are examined. Keywords: muscle loss; neuromuscular adaptations; spaceflight; microgravity; simulated models; weightlessness; muscle atrophy
Shared memory switching + virtual output queuing: A robust and scalable switch

A novel combination of shared memory switching and virtual output queuing yields an architecture that addresses the exponential growth of the Internet. Superior scalability is achieved using distributed schedulers compared to crossbar-based fabrics requiring a central scheduler. Performance is excellent and robust. We describe the system view, an actual implementation, performance simulations for several traffic classes, and QoS results using bandwidth management.
Crossblood: Literature and the Drama of Survival

Native Americans have witnessed the disappropriation of their lands and suffered the destruction of their way of life, yet have found strength to endure, to preserve their identities as a people through the communal character and power of their language and stories.
The Joint Effect of Unfavorable Supervisory Feedback Environments and External Mentoring on Job Attitudes and Job Outcomes in the Public Accounting Profession

ABSTRACT: Unfavorable supervisory feedback environments (SFEs) occur when supervisors provide unhelpful, inconsistent, and inconsiderate feedback. This study investigates whether external mentoring (i.e., mentoring support that is provided by a superior who is external to the supervisor-subordinate relationship) can moderate (i.e., attenuate) the adverse effects of unfavorable SFEs that occur in the accounting profession. Based on a survey of 421 public accounting professionals, the results indicate that unfavorable SFEs are associated with lower job satisfaction and role clarity, which, in turn, lead to lower organizational commitment and higher turnover intentions. More importantly, the results also show that external mentoring moderates (i.e., attenuates) the negative effects of unfavorable SFEs on both role clarity and job satisfaction. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Insulin exposure and unifying aging.

Background: Absence of a widely agreed upon central paradigm for mammalian aging. Objective: Detailed elaboration of a proposed mammalian aging paradigm. Methods: Elaboration of a new theoretical model. Results: Hormonal imbalance-growth factor exposure theory (HI-GFE theory) can account for two major aging phenomena: (1) decline in mammalian ‘reserve capacity’ and consequent rise of diseases of maintenance, and (2) rise then peaking of most age-associated proliferative diseases. Reserve capacity decline via gradual decline in mitochondrial maximal energy production (state 3) accounts for the gradual redirection of declined maximal energy production toward survival functions like ion pumping to the relative detriment of RNA and protein synthesis as seen in lesser synthetic rates and slower turnover with consequent gradual cellular impairment. Developmental program triggered, and over-ample nutritionally driven, growth factor exposure in youth to middle age encourages promotional events that lead to proliferative diseases that rise coincident to rapidly declining reserve capacity and cumulative increased mutational status of age. Conclusions: Declining mitochondrial state 3 aging energy production status is easily and safely reversible with probable consequences of greatly postponing the decline in overall ‘reserve capacity’ which may also improve insulin: growth hormone balance and result in lower overall growth factor exposure and consequent longer healthy life of a potentially greater magnitude increase in life spans than that seen in calorie-restricted animals.
Computer Simulation of Twin Formation during the Displacive c→t′ Phase Transformation in the Zirconia‐Yttria System

The kinetics of the displacive cubic-to-tetragonal (c {r_arrow} t{prime}) phase transformation and the evolution of twin structure of Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}-ZrO{sub 2} systems were investigated by employing the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equations, in which the displacive modes were described by nonconserved order parameters. The original elasticity theory of Khachaturyan, in a sharp-interface description for an arbitrary distribution of second-phase precipitates in a matrix, was reformulated in the spirit of the diffuse interface theory of Cahn and Hilliard for interphase boundaries. The influence of thermodynamic conditions, clamped or stress-free, on microstructure evolution was studied. The computer simulation showed that, even though the thermodynamic equilibrium is the single domain under a stress-free condition, the twin structure can form during a kinetic path of the phase transformation, and it is the clamped condition which results in the formation of stable twins.
On the role of prior knowledge and task demands in the processing of text

Abstract Two experiments addressed the question of whether demands produced by the processing of domain-related information varied as a function of a person's domain knowledge. The M. Daneman and P. A. Carpenter (1980 , Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior , 19, 450–466) reading span task was employed in both experiments with subjects recalling the final words of sets of sentences. In Experiment 2 subjects also recalled the sentence contents. In both experiments each sentence set had baseball or neutral contents and sentences within a set were or were not sequentially related. Results indicated that processing base-ball material produced greater processing demands upon low than upon high knowledge individuals, but only when sentence recall was required (Experiment 2). The results, taken with other findings, indicate that domain knowledge influences processing at a situational model or mental model level but not at a microlevel or propositional level. In addition, the results suggested that a motivational component influences the processing of high knowledge individuals yielding greater concentration. The results also supported the use of the reading span measure as an index of processing efficiency.
Perforation of Intrathoracic Great Veins by Parenteral Nutrition Catheters

Perforation of intrathoracic great veins by parenteral nutrition catheters has been previously reported as an unusual complication. The following three case reports illustrate the varied clinical picture that may appear following perforation. The differential diagnosis may be difficult to clarify so early recognition is essential if rapid deterioration in the patient's condition is to be avoided. Each patient in this report provides a useful example for diagnosing this complication. Included are some basic suggestions to help the clinician in early detection.
An efficient cyclic coordinate method for optimizing penalty functions

In this study, a simple and efficient cyclic coordinate search procedure is used to optimize penalty functions. Since the contours of the penalty function are very ill-behaved, an accurate line search is very difficult to achieve. Due to accumulated errors in line search, this makes “simple-minded” search directions just as good as more sophisticated directions, and actually better since they require a smaller effort per iteration. Of course this is only true if the search procedure is able to “ride” along steep ridges, and meanwhile move an appreciable distance towards the optimal, if at all possible. Computational results on the cyclic coordinate method seems to support this point of view, and shows robustness, reliability, and efficiency of the method.
Life of learning with the fortunate few

Bird of Passage: Recollections of a Physicist. By Rudolf Peierls. Princeton University Press:1986. Pp.350. 29.50, 21.20.
QCD teraflops computer

Architectural enhancements are described to increase the performance of the arithmetic accelerator and memory of the nodes in the CM-5 for QCD and a broad range of general problems while maintaining compatibility with existing software, compilers, communications network and I/O subsystems. A factor of 10 increase in performance is obtained by increasing the number of floating point processors by a factor of 4, extending the vector instruction set for dual execution of single-precision arithmetic, and increasing the block rate from 32 to 40 MHz. The required memory bandwidth is obtained by using synchronous DRAMs and 4 floating point processors are packaged into a multichip module which occupies the same area as a present processor package. The proposed 2048 node machine will provide 2.6 Teraflops peak, 0.5 – 1.5 Teraflops sustained on lattices of 322 × 64 − 1283 × 256, will have 256 Gigabytes of memory, 1 Terabyte of disk, an estimated cost of approximately $40 million, and can be built in 2.5 years.
A distributed development environment for embedded software

The HAGAR project is building a high-performance disk controller. It is an embedded system for which many hundreds of thousands of lines of embedded software will have to be developed concurrently with the development of the hardware. We found existing methods for embedded software development, such as simulation and remote cross development, to be inadequate for us. To meet our special needs, we developed a distributed development environment that combines and extends the capabilities of existing methods while fixing their drawbacks. Our environment is based on a processor-pool architecture, in which multiple hardware sets are pooled and managed systematically. It supports embedded software development for many programmers at different sites. It allows for the emulation of non-existing hardware adaptor cards and for the integration of embedded software testing with hardware simulation. The environment provides a single system image, hiding many hardware and configuration details from its users. From the perspective of the programmers, our environment makes developing embedded software for special hardware systems as easy as developing application programs for a UNIX workstation.
Chronic Activation of FXR in Transgenic Mice Caused Perinatal Toxicity and Sensitized Mice to Cholesterol Toxicity

The nuclear receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR) (nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 4, or NR1H4) is highly expressed in the liver and intestine. Previous reports have suggested beneficial functions of FXR in the homeostasis of bile acids, lipids, and glucose, as well as in promoting liver regeneration and inhibiting carcinogenesis. To investigate the effect of chronic FXR activation in vivo, we generated transgenic mice that conditionally and tissue specifically express the activated form of FXR in the liver and intestine. Unexpectedly, the transgenic mice showed several intriguing phenotypes, including partial neonatal lethality, growth retardation, and spontaneous liver toxicity. The transgenic mice also displayed heightened sensitivity to a high-cholesterol diet-induced hepatotoxicity but resistance to the gallstone formation. The phenotypes were transgene specific, because they were abolished upon treatment with doxycycline to silence the transgene expression. The perinatal toxicity, which ...
Oxygen consumption and body temperature in yellow-bellied marmot populations from montane-mesic and lowland-xeric environments

Yellow-bellied marmots characteristically live in montane-mesic environments, but in several areas in western North America, this species extended its range into lowland-xeric habitats. Body mass was significantly smaller in the lowland-xeric population from eastern Washington at 393 m than in the montane-mesic population from western Colorado at 2900 m. Oxygen consumption of marmots from montane-mesic and lowland-xeric environments was signiflcantly affected by ambient temperature (TA) water regimen, population, and a population x water regimen x temperature interaction. Lowland-xeric animals had a higher metabolic rate at low TAs, but a lower metabolic rate at higher TAs than the montane-mesic aminals. Oxygen consumption was lower on a restricted-water regimen than on ad libitum water in both populations. Coefficients relating oxygen consumption to body mass were affected by TA, water regimen, and population. These intraspecific coefficients are larger than the interspecific coefficients for all mammals. Body temperature (TB) was affected significantly by TA, water regimen, and population. TA body mass, and a population x water regimen interaction significantly affected conductance. Conductance generally was higher in the lowland-xeric than in the montane-mesic marmots. Both populations increased conductance at high TA, but the lowland-xeric population dissipated a much higher proportion of the heat by evaporative water loss (EWL) than did the montane-mesic population. Metabolic water production exceeded or equaled EWL at 5–20°C. Smaller body size, reduced metabolism at high TA, and increased EWL at high TA characterized the lowland-xeric population. Metabolic rates of yellow-bellied marmots were higher than predicted from body size during the reproductive season but decreased to 67% of that predicted from the Kleiber curve by late summer. Marmots minimize thermoregulatory costs by concentrating activity at times when the microclimate is favorable, by tolerating hyperthermia at high TA in the field, and by having a conductance lower than that predicted from body size.
Effect of dehydration, produced by mercupurin, on the plasma volume of normal persons

Abstract 1. 1. Plasma volume, serum protein concentration, hematocrit value, arterial and venous blood pressures, and body weight were determined in ten normal subjects before, and twenty-four hours after, the injection of 2 c.c. of mercupurin. 2. 2. There was a fall in plasma volume in every case, averaging 544 ± 87.7 c.c., or 15.7 ± 2.4 per cent of the control determination; an average rise in serum proteins of 0.74 ± 0.14 Gm., or 11.5 ± 2.6 per cent; and an average rise in hematocrit of 2.9 ± 0.6, or 6.9 ± 1.8 per cent. 3. 3. A diuresis was experienced in every case; the mean was 1.73 ± 0.3 kg., or 2.6 ± 0.5 per cent of the body weight. 4. 4. Associated with the diuresis and decrease in plasma volume, there was a fall in venous pressure and pulse pressure. 5. 5. In some instances, the subjects exhibited weakness, apathy, dizziness, and faintness, suggesting a diminution in cardiac output.
Social Ecological Predictors of Repeat Adolescent Pregnancy

Women with multiple pregnancies in adolescence may experience medical psychological and social complications. Improved understanding of the individual- dyad- family- peer/community- and social system-level risk factors for repeat pregnancy may lead to the development of more effective prevention strategies for adolescent mothers in a variety of settings. Between 1993 and 1996 white black and Mexican American adolescent mothers at a labor and delivery unit in Texas were interviewed after delivery and completed written surveys prospectively for up to 48 months. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine predictors of repeat pregnancy within 24 months using social ecological theory as a guide. Forty-two percent of adolescent mothers experienced a repeat pregnancy within 24 months; 73% of these delivered a second child. Individual-level predictors were planning to have another baby within five-years (odds ratio 1.6) and not using long-acting contraceptives within three months of delivery (2.4). Dyad-level predictors were not being in a relationship with the father of the first child three months after delivery (2.0) being more than three years younger than the first childs father (1.6) and experiencing intimate partner violence within three months after delivery (1.9). Peer/community-level predictors were not being in school three months postpartum (1.8) and having many friends who were adolescent parents (1.5). Adolescent mothers are at high risk for a rapid subsequent pregnancy. Interventions that address the complex and multifaceted aspects of the lives of adolescent mothers are needed to prevent repeat pregnancy. (authors)
A calculator controlled medical data acquisition system

An inexpensive data acquisition system for multi-bed intensive care units is described. The low cost is achieved by the use of a Wang Calculator for system control. The system permits recording of the values of as many as 12 variables from 12 beds every hour and from a selected bed every minute. Essential features of the equipment and programming are presented.
Clinical implications of a prostate-specific antigen bounce after radiation therapy for prostate cancer.

The objectives are to determine predictors of a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) bounce, whether a PSA bounce after radiotherapy for prostate cancer is associated with biochemical disease-free survival (bDFS), and the time course to a PSA bounce versus a biochemical failure post-irradiation. Between July 2000 and December 2012, 691 prostate cancer patients without regional or distant metastases were treated with external beam radiation therapy and/or brachytherapy, and had at least 12 months of follow-up. A PSA bounce was defined as a temporary PSA increase of ≥0.4 ng/mL. bDFS was defined according to the nadir + 2 definition. The median follow-up was 42 months. The median time to first PSA bounce was 17 months (95 % confidence interval 15–18 months). In contrast, the median time to biochemical failure was 41 months (95 % confidence interval 28–53 months). Two hundred and twenty-six of 691 (33 %) patients had at least one PSA bounce with a median magnitude of 1.0 ng/mL (range 0.4–17.0). A Gleason score of 6 (p < 0.0001) predicted a PSA bounce on multivariate analysis. Patients with a PSA bounce experienced improved bDFS on multivariate analysis (p = 0.002). Patients with a Gleason score of 6 were more likely to experience a PSA bounce which was associated with improved bDFS. A PSA bounce occurred sooner after radiotherapy than a biochemical failure. The authors recommend against performing prostate biopsies within 24–30 months of radiotherapy since an elevated PSA may simply represent a benign PSA bounce.
Multistage open-tube trap for enrichment of part-per-trillion trace components of low-pressure (below 27-kPa) air samples

A multistage open-tube trap for cryogenic collection of trace components in low-pressure air samples is described. The open-tube design allows higher volumetric flow rates than densely packed glass-bead traps commonly reported and is suitable for air samples at pressures below 27 kPa with liquid nitrogen as the cryogen. Gas blends containing 200 to 2500 parts per trillion by volume each of ethane and ethene were sampled and hydrocarbons were enriched with 100 + or - 4 percent trap efficiency. The multistage design is more efficient than equal-length open-tube traps under the conditions of the measurements.
A computational procedure for the approximation of random functions

A procedure is given for the problem of minimizing the expected error incurred when a random function is approximated by a polynomial.
Plant tissue nutrients as a descriptor of plant productivity of created mitigation wetlands

Abstract The study investigated vegetative nutrient levels and ratios, net primary productivity, and soil physicochemical conditions in four created mitigation wetlands, ranging in age from 3 to 10 years, all created in the Virginia Piedmont. Plant tissue nutrients from peak above-ground biomass samples included macronutrients (i.e., C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S) and micronutrients (i.e., Mn, Fe, Cu, B, Zn, Al). Ratios of major elements were calculated including C:N, N:P, K:P, and N:K. Four soil condition (SC) groups were developed based on soil organic matter (SOM), gravimetric soil moisture (GSM), pH, and bulk density (D b ), where study plots were grouped across the wetland sites based on common attribute levels (i.e., SC1 > SC2 > SC3 > SC4, trended more to less successionally developed). There was a lack of wetland site based differences in plant tissue macronutrient (i.e., N, P, K, and S) levels and ratios (i.e., C:N, N:P, N:K, K:P), but differences were seen for all micronutrients ( P b , more circumneutral pH, and higher GSM, all indicative of wetland soil maturation, were associated with higher tissue macronutrient levels for C, N, K, Ca, and Mg ( P P F 4,83 = 24.7, P R 2 = 0.47). The results of this study show that plant tissue concentrations of macro- and micronutrients are associated with the physicochemical maturity of soils and can be used to estimate functional development (e.g., plant biomass production) in created mitigation wetlands.
Changing size pattern of newly synthesized nuclear DNA during early development of the sea urchin

Summary During early embryogenesis of the sea urchin, it has been found that both single-stranded and double-stranded low molecular weight (8S to 16S) nuclear DNA is synthesized. The single-stranded pieces made at any stage studied are transient. The low molecular weight double-stranded molecules made early in development apparently accumulate and then become part of intermediate molecular weight (16S to 70S) DNA appearing later in development.
Shoulder‐Pad Sign of Amyloidosis: Structure of an Ig Kappa III Protein

While amyloid infiltration of articular structures is rare, the ‘shoulder-pad’ sign resulting from periarticular soft tissue amyloid deposition is essentially pathognomonic for immunogloblin (Ig) (AL) amyloidosis. We report the characterization of an amyloid protein (GRA) which produced articular amyloid deposits and the shoulder-pad sign. Amyloid fibrils were isolated from soft tissue shoulder mass of a patient with systemic AL amyloidosis. The fibrils were solubilized in guanidine HCl and proteins separated by Sepharose chromatography. Amino acid sequence of fractionated protein was determined after tryptic digestion. Sequence analysis of the major amyloid protein yielded a kappa III Ig light chain structure. The entire variable region (VL) plus the constant region (CL) to residue 207 was identified; but lesser amounts of CL than VL were present. A number of amino acid residues previously not observed in kappa III VL proteins, plus a two amino acid insert (95A, 95B), were identified. Kappa III VL amyloid proteins are rare and may show an increased predilection for soft tissue deposition. While several unique amino acid residues that were identified in protein GRA may contribute to soft tissue amyloid deposition, no definite pattern is obvious from comparison with other reported kappa III amyloid proteins.
Difficulties in measuring adoption of apple IPM: A case study

Abstract This research investigates the process of measuring integrated pest management (IPM) and the implications of particular measurement in understanding IPM adoption. Data collected from apple growers in New York State in 1991 were used to develop a measurement of IPM adoption based on nine subscales combining 35 IPM components. Three factors or dimensions of IPM were found: scouting/monitoring, cultural controls and biological controls. Scouting and monitoring practices were associated with beliefs about costs and benefits of IPM; the use of cultural controls was related to economic factors, and the use of biological controls was negatively related to perceived credibility of chemical fieldmen.
Improper ferroelectricity and piezoelectric responses in rhombohedral ( A , A ′ ) B 2 O 6 perovskite oxides

High-temperature electronic materials are in constant demand as the required operational range for various industries increases. Here we design ($A$,${A}^{\ensuremath{'}}$)${B}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{6}$ perovskite oxides with [111] ``rock salt'' $A$-site cation order and predict them to be potential high-temperature piezoelectric materials. By selecting bulk perovskites which have a tendency towards only out-of-phase $B{\mathrm{O}}_{6}$ rotations, we avoid possible staggered ferroelectric to paraelectric phase transitions while also retaining noncentrosymmetric crystal structures necessary for ferro- and piezoelectricity. Using density functional theory calculations, we show that (La,Pr)${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{6}$ and (Ce,Pr)${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{6}$ display spontaneous polarizations in their polar ground state structures; we also compute the dielectric and piezoelectric constants for each phase. Additionally, we predict the critical phase transition temperatures for each material from first-principles to demonstrate that the piezoelectric responses, which are comparable to traditional lead-free piezoelectrics, should persist to high temperature. These features make the rock salt $A$-site-ordered aluminates candidates for high-temperature sensors, actuators, or other electronic devices.
Shock-induced deformation twinning and omega transformation in tantalum and tantalum–tungsten alloys

Abstract Effects of high strain-rate and high plastic-strain deformation on the development of deformation substructures in tantalum and tantalum–tungsten alloys (Ta–2.5 wt.% W and Ta–10 wt.% W) shocked at 15 and 45 GPa have been investigated. In addition to dislocation cells/walls, and {112} -type deformation twinning, a shock-induced omega phase (hexagonal) is also found within polycrystalline tantalum shocked at 45 GPa. The orientation relationships between the omega phase and parent (bcc) matrix are {10 1 0} h ‖{211} b ,[0001] h ‖ b and 2 10> h ‖ 1 1> b . The lattice parameters of omega phase are a h ≈ 2 a b =0.468 nm and c h ≈( 3 /2)a b =0.286 nm (c h /a h =0.611). Since both deformation twinning and omega transformation occur preferably in the {211}b planes with high resolved shear stresses, it is suggested that both can be considered as alternative paths for shear transformations in shock-deformed tantalum. A greater volume fraction of twin and omega phase formed in Ta–W than in pure Ta reveals that shock-induced shear transformations can be promoted by solid solution alloying. While deformation twinning is resulted from 1/6 1 1 > homogeneous shear in consecutive {211} planes, omega transformation can be attributed to the 1/12 1 1 >, 1/3 1 1 > and 1/12 1 1 > inhomogeneous shear in consecutive {211} planes. Dislocation mechanisms for shock-induced twinning and omega transformation are proposed and critically discussed.
The development of user-oriented interactive systems

To build effective user-oriented computer systems, we need to develop theories of how people use computer systems and process information. We also must construct user models of various sorts. We need to apply those things that we know, disseminate what we know, and do a lot of teaching. Since we haven't been doing these things very effectively thus far, our computer systems are not particularly user-oriented or people-oriented.
A model for the distribution of particle flux in the mid-water column controlled by subsurface biotic interactions

The sub-euphotic zone water column is important in controlling the downward transport of material falling from the surface waters. Descriptions of the carbon flux as a function of depth have focused on empirical relationships that neglect biological processes that might control them. We develop here a series of simple models of the region that describe changes in flux in terms of the population dynamics of a particle feeder and its predator. One model predicts that the flux and predator concentration at steady state decrease exponentially with depth while the concentration of the particle feeders is constant; a second predicts that flux, particle feeder, and predator concentrations are proportional and decrease at rates that are approximately inversely proportional to depth. Away from steady state, variations in particle flux leaving the surface can induce oscillations in the near-surface animal populations but not the deeper populations. As a result of the animal oscillations associated with the surface flux variations, there can be large swings in the deep vertical particle flux that are not synchronized to the surface variations for one model formulation; a second formulation predicts that fluctuations in surface flux are damped out near the bottom. The differences in predictions for the various models make it possible to verify the utility of one or the other formulation.
Olanzapine long-acting injection: a review of first experiences of post-injection delirium/sedation syndrome in routine clinical practice.

Olanzapine long-acting injection (LAI) for the treatment of schizophrenia was associated with a cluster of symptoms termed post-injection delirium/sedation syndrome (PDSS) in a small percentage (~2%) of patients during clinical trials. The objective of this analysis was to evaluate the rate and clinical characteristics of PDSS since olanzapine LAI entered commercial use.
Communication: Effects of stress on the tube confinement potential and dynamics of topologically entangled rod fluids

A microscopic theory for the effect of applied stress on the transverse topological confinement potential and slow dynamics of heavily entangled rigid rods is presented. The confining entanglement force localizing a polymer in a tube is predicted to have a finite strength. As a consequence, three regimes of terminal relaxation behavior are predicted with increasing stress: accelerated reptation due to tube widening (dilation), relaxation via deformation-assisted activated transverse barrier hopping, and complete destruction of the lateral tube constraints corresponding to microscopic yielding or a disentanglement transition.
Structure changes in glassy hydrophilic polymers under the stress of water sorption

The sorption of water vapor by poly (vinyl alcohol) films at moderate vapor activities was followed by mass regain and electrical conductance. A slow rearrangement of polymer structure in the swollen state is indicated by the observed sorption overshoot.
Protein Therapeutics for Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa: Incorporation of Recombinant β3 Chain into Laminin 332 in β3-/- Keratinocytes In Vitro

Junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB) is an inherited mechanobullous disease characterized by reduced adherence of the epidermal keratinocytes to the underlying dermis, and is often caused by the absence of functional laminin 332 due to the lack or dysfunction of its β3 chain. As there are no specific therapies for JEB, we tested whether a protein replacement strategy could be applicable for the restoration of the laminin 332 assembly and reversion of the JEB phenotype in human keratinocytes that lack β3 subunit. Here, we developed the protocol for production and purification of the biologically active recombinant β3 chain. Next, we demonstrated that delivery of recombinant β3 polypeptide into the endoplasmic reticulum of the immortalized β3-null keratinocytes led to the restoration of the laminin 332 assembly, secretion, and deposition into the basement membrane zone, as confirmed by Western blot analysis, confocal immunofluorescent microscopy in vitro, and on cultured organotypic human JEB skin reconstructs. Although the amount of laminin 332 produced by protein-treated β3-null keratinocytes is lower than that in normal human keratinocytes, our results demonstrate the applicability of the recombinant proteins for JEB treatment and open new perspectives for the development of novel therapeutics for this inherited, currently intractable, skin disorder.
The role of water in promoting the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane

The addition of water vapor has a strong positive effect on the rate of ethane oxidation at 575°C. This effect is attributed to the role of H2O as a third body in the decomposition of H2O2 to OH radicals. Carbon tetrafluoride likewise enhances the rate of ethane conversion, although not to the extent realized with H2O. A kinetic model, based on known elementary reactions, adequately accounts for the conversions and selectivities observed as a function of H2O pressure, temperature, contact time, and O2 pressure. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Factors maintaining a pH gradient within the kidney: Role of the vasculature architecture

Factors maintaining a pH gradient within the kidney: Role of the vasculature architecture. Background The architecture of the vasa rectae produces significant oxygen (O 2 ) "shunting" and marked decreases in renal medullary pO 2 values. We hypothesized that carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) trapping and increases in medullary pCO 2 along with decreases in medullary pH values should also accompany this O 2 shunting. Methods We developed computer simulations employing a model of gas exchange through the countercurrent vasculature that predicted trapping of CO 2 along with O 2 shunting. To test the validity of this model directly, medullary pH was measured by using needle electrodes in the in situ kidney before and after the administration of mannitol or furosemide, or by decreasing blood flow with a transient decrease of renal perfusion pressure with a suprarenal clamp. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. Results Medullary pH was lower than cortical pH (7.20 ± 0.09 vs. 7.39 ± 0.08, P P P P Conclusions These data demonstrate that a significant pH gradient exists within the kidney parenchyma. This gradient is related to the metabolic activity of the thick ascending limb of Henle and the countercurrent vascular architecture, and may be relevant to a variety of physiological phenomena involved in volume, electrolyte, and acid-based homeostasis.
Augmented prenatal visual stimulation alters postnatal auditory and visual responsiveness in bobwhite quail chicks

This study examined whether previously reported effects of altered prenatal sensory experience on subsequent acceleration of intersensory development in precocial birds are mediated by mechanisms sensitive to the overall amount of stimulation provided. Results revealed that bobwhite quail chicks exposed to substantially augmented amounts of prenatal visual stimulation show altered patterns of species-typical perceptual development. Specifically, chicks continued to respond to maternal auditory cues into later stages of postnatal development and failed to demonstrate responsiveness to maternal visual cues. Embryos also failed to demonstrate prenatal auditory learning of an individual maternal call, a behavior reliably seen in unmanipulated embryos. These findings suggest that substantially increased amounts of prenatal sensory stimulation can interfere with the emergence of species-typical patterns of postnatal intersensory functioning and lend support to the notion that sensory stimulation that falls within some optimal range maintains or facilitates normal patterns of perceptual development, whereas stimulation beyond the range of the species norm can result in intersensory interference. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
An Overview of the IBM Power 775 Supercomputer Water Cooling System

In 2008 IBM reintroduced water cooling technology into its high performance computing platform, the Power 575 Supercomputing node/system. Water cooled cold plates were used to cool the processor modules which represented about half of the total system (rack) heat load. An air-to-liquid heat exchanger was also mounted in the rear door of the rack to remove a significant fraction of the other half of the rack heat load: the heat load to air. The next generation of this platform, the Power 775 Supercomputing node/system, is a monumental leap forward in computing performance and energy efficiency. The computer node and system were designed from the start with water cooling in mind. The result, a system with greater than 96% of its heat load conducted directly to water, is a system that, together with a rear door heat exchanger, removes 100% of its heat load to water with no requirement for room air conditioning. In addition to the processor, the memory, power conversion, and I/O electronics conduct their heat to water. Included within the framework of the system is a disk storage unit (disc enclosure) containing an interboard air-to-water heat exchanger. This paper will give an overview of the water cooling system featuring the water conditioning unit and rack manifolds. Advances in technology over this system’s predecessor will be highlighted. An overview of the cooling assemblies within the server drawer (i.e., central electronics complex,) the disc enclosure, and the centralized (bulk) power conversion system will also be given. Furthermore, techniques to enhance performance and energy efficiency will also be described.
Client-side architecture for mobile service QoS monitoring using Generalized Extreme Value theorem

The vast demand for mobile services is resulting in new challenges for traditional network management. This paper presents a new mobile service management architecture that solely relies on data collected from the mobile clients without the need to insert measurement probes in the core transport network. The proposed architecture is based on an algorithm that exploits Generalized Extreme Value models (GEV) and Joint Probability Distributions (JPD) to predict potential mobile service degradations. The extracted prediction models are based on collected extreme values of Quality of Service (QoS) parameters. Since the parameter monitoring effort is delegated to the mobile clients, our proposed architecture is more scalable and serves to offload the service from the monitoring burden inherent in traditional service management architectures. The performance analysis presented in this paper illustrates the efficacies of the proposed approach compared to traditional service management approaches.
Bulimia: An Empirical Analysis of Psychodynamic Theory:

This study examined two aspects of psychodynamic theory concerning bulimia nervosa, that bulimic patients ascribe to a traditionally feminine sex-role and that bulimic women have difficulty differentiating emotional from visceral sensations. 18 bulimic and 18 control women were administered the Bem Sex-role Inventory and the Eating Disorder Inventory. Contrary to dynamic theory, bulimic women were not more likely classified as traditionally feminine than control subjects; however, significantly more controls than bulimic women were classified as androgynous. Analysis of scores on the Eating Disorder Inventory's Interoceptive Awareness scale indicated a significant difference between bulimic persons and controls, providing strong support for the hypothesis that bulimic women have a difficult time differentiating emotional from visceral sensations.
The Politicisation of Christianity

The 1978 Reith Lectures have already proved themselves to be remarkable. It was remarkable in the first place that a clergyman should have been invited to give the lectures at all (they are published as Christianity and the World Order , by Edward Norman, OUP, 105 pp., £1·50). It was remarkable that, whilst telling his listeners that the West is becoming increasingly secular, Norman should nonetheless have devoted them almost entirely to an internal critique of the churches. And it was remarkable that he should have provoked over twice as much personal correspondence from the public as did John Robinson at the time of Honest to God . In the circumstances it may seem less remarkable that a number of distinguished academics have already brought out a powerful critique of the lectures (published as Christian Faith and Political Hopes: A Reply to E. R. Norman , edited by Haddon Willmer, Epworth, 155 pp., £1·75).
Effective properties of fiber-reinforced materials: II—Bounds on the effective elastic moduli of dispersions of fully penetrable cylinders

Abstract We evaluate third-order bounds on the effective transverse bulk and shear moduli of transversely isotropic fiber-reinforced materials for a distribution of fully penetrable cylinders in a matrix. The third-order bounds not only incorporate the simplest of statistical quantities, the fiber volume fraction φ2, but also involve microstructural parameters which depend upon the threepoint matrix probability function of the model. The third-order bounds, for the fully penetrable-cylinder model and for a wide range of conditions, significantly improve upon second-order bounds on the effective transverse elastic moduli, due to Hill and to Hashin, which incorporate φ2 only. In particular, when the fiber phase is as much as two orders of magnitude more rigid than the matrix phase, the Silnutzer bounds, for the model considered here, reduce the second-order bound widths by over 50% for 0 ≤ φ2 ≤ 0.5.
Is Tropical Atlantic Variability driven by the North Atlantic Oscillation

[1] The role of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on the genesis of the Tropical Atlantic Variability (TAV) is studied in a coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model using two modeling approaches of partial coupling and partial blocking. It is found that the NAO is not a necessary precondition for the genesis of the TAV although it can enhance climate variability in the tropical North Atlantic significantly via extratropical-tropical teleconnections. Instead, local ocean-atmosphere interaction plays a dominant role for the full development of TAV. Our results do not rule out the possible influence of ENSO on TAV.
Informed Consent Examined Within the Context of Culturally Congruent Care: An Interprofessional Perspective

The process of obtaining informed consent for diverse patients poses many challenges for health care professionals as they try to balance ethical, legal, and accreditation requirements of the country within which they practice with the culture care needs of diverse consumers. Culturally competent health care organizations create a governance infrastructure that promotes equity and supports the delivery of culturally appropriate health care services that are responsive to diverse patients. The purpose of this article is to examine the concept of informed consent within the context of culturally congruent care to Saudi patients and families in an American hospital setting. The need for the provision of culturally congruent care that respects the contextual rights and dignity of patients and families while, at the same time, recognizing the legal, ethical, and moral codes of the health professions and requirements of federal, state, and regulatory agencies within the United States will be explored.
Flow resistance of expiratory positive-pressure valve systems.

The flow-resistive characteristics of a variety of commercially available expiratory positive-pressure valve systems used to provide continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and positive end-expiratory pressure were evaluated. One flow-resistor and seven threshold-resistor expiratory pressure valve systems were set at 5, 10,15, 20, and 25 cm H 2 O of expiratory pressure, and sinusoidal exhaled flows peaking at 50, 100, and 200 L/min were directed through each valve at each level of expiratory pressure. The Siemens flow-resistor valve demonstrated the greatest deviation in pressure above set CPAP levels at peak flow rates of 100 and 200 L/min, which suggests high resistance to exhaled flow. The Vital Signs threshold-resistor valve demonstrated the least deviation in pressure from set CPAP levels at all rates of exhaled flow, which suggests low flow resistance. The Emerson and IMV Bird threshold-resistor systems resisted flow less than the BEAR-2 and the Puritan-Bennett MA-2 and 7200 inflatable-balloon threshold-resistor-like valve systems. These data suggest that threshold resistors may be classified as low-resistance or high-resistance types. Using only low-resistance threshold resistors for CPAP may minimize the incidence of barotrauma and other deleterious effects related to airway pressure.
The role of rectosigmoid neocolporrhaphy

Background. Vaginoplasty for congenital vaginal atresia, a component of the Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster syndrome, or for gender confirmation, may be achieved by several techniques. This report focuses on the efficacy of rectosigmoid neocolporrhaphy (RSNC) performed either primarily or secondarily after failure of another procedure. Methods. Sixty patients underwent isoperistaltic RSNC, three primarily and 57 secondarily. The indication was vaginal atresia in 1 patient and gender dysphoria in 59 patients. Results. All 60 patients survived and have a functional neovagina. One major complication, an anastomotic leak with colovaginal fistula, was treated by a temporary colostomy and later reconstruction through a combined anterior and posterior approach. Late complications were reversible stomal stenosis (six patients), reversible conduit narrowing (five patients), transient rhabdomyoblastosis (one patient), and temporary mucosal bleeding from hyperplasia (three patients). Thirty patients have regular intercourse, 12 patients have occasional intercourse, and the others feel “whole”, with their intact desired sexual anatomy awaiting a suitable partner. Conclusions. The number of patients seeking vaginoplasty is increasing. Primary or secondary RSNC is a safe and effective method.
Employers' Expectations for Head of Technical Services Positions in Academic Libraries

A poster session presented at Washington State University Academic Showcase, March 26, 2010. The poster is based on (Lihong Zhu. Employers' Expectations for Head of Technical Services Positions in Academic Libraries. Library Collections, Acquisitions and Technical Services, 33 (2009))