cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Systemic metabolic radiotherapy with samarium-153 EDTMP for the treatment of painful bone metastasis

Various radioisotopes conjugated to pyrophosphate analogues have been developed for systemic metabolic radiotherapy. Samarium-153-EDTMP is a 1:1 complex of radioactive Samarium-153 and a Tetraphosphonate [ethylenediamine-tetramethylene phosphonic acid (EDTMP)]. Samarium Sm-153-EDTMP has a high affinity for skeletal tissue and concentrates by chemiabsorption in areas of enhanced metabolic activity, where it associates with the hydroxyapatite crystal. Samarium-153 Lexidronam [Quadramet (R)] has been approved for routine use by the FDA. This agent offers several advantages over other agents used for palliating bone pain. Due to its half-life of 46 hours and its beta emissions, a high dose rate can be delivered to regions adjacent to enhanced osteoblastic activity over a short period of time with little residual long term activity being left in the bone marrow. This paper summarizes both animal studies and clinical studies performed with this agent. Special emphasis will be given to the pivotal Phase-III clinical studies and subsequent studies performed since its approval by the FDA. Special considerations regarding appropriate selection of patients, preparation, follow-up of patients and adjustments to the usual recommended dose [1 mCi/kg (35 Mbq/kg)] will be discussed. Current and future treatment options utilizing Sm-153-EDTMP with other pharmaceuticals appear promising and will substantially extend its use into new areas. In addition, because it also emits a 103 keV gamma ray which makes it suitable for imaging and assessment of biodistribution, dosimetric applications are possible in the future.
Nehmen wir als Beispiel die Klimaproblematik

Den langerfristig charakteristischen Ablauf der Witterung einer Region nennen wir Klima. Es unterscheidet sich deutlich vom normalen „Wetter“, dessen Zeithorizont vergleichsweise kurzfristig ist, z.B. im Bereich von Minuten und Stunden beim Sonnenschein oder von Tagen bis zu wenigen Wochen im Fall von Hoch- und Tiefdruckgebieten.
Exploring the autoinhibitory domain of the electrogenic Na+ /HCO3- transporter NBCe1-B, from residues 28 to 62.

Key points Slc4a4 (mouse) encodes at least five variants of the electrogenic sodium/bicarbonate transporter NBCe1. The initial 41 cytosolic amino acids of NBCe1-A and -D are unique; NBCe1-A has high activity. The initial 85 amino acids of NBCe1-B, -C and -E are unique; NBCe1-B and -C have low activity. Previous work showed that deleting residues 1-85 or 40-62 of NBCe1-B, or 1-87 of NBCe1-C, eliminates autoinhibition. These regions also include binding determinants for IRBIT (inositol trisphosphate (IP3 )-receptor binding protein released with IP3 ), which relieves autoinhibition. Here, systematically replacing/deleting residues 28-62, we find that only the nine amino acid cationic cluster (residues 40-48) of NBCe1-B is essential for autoinhibition. IRBIT stimulates all but one low-activity construct. We suggest that electrostatic interactions - which IRBIT presumably interrupts - between the cationic cluster and the membrane or other domains of NBCe1 play a central role in tempering the activity of NBCe1-B in the pancreas, brain and other organs. Abstract Variant B of the electrogenic Na+ /HCO3- cotransporter (NBCe1-B) contributes to the vectorial transport of HCO3- in epithelia (e.g. pancreatic ducts) and to the maintenance of intracellular pH in the central nervous systems (e.g. astrocytes). NBCe1-B has very low basal activity due to an autoinhibitory domain (AID) located, at least in part, in the unique portion (residues 1-85) of the cytosolic NH2 -terminus. Previous work has shown that removing 23 amino acids (residues 40-62) stimulates NBCe1-B. Here, we test the hypothesis that a cationic cluster of nine consecutive positively charged amino acids (residues 40-48) is a necessary part of the AID. Using two-electrode voltage clamping of Xenopus oocytes, we assess the activity of human NBCe1-B constructs in which we systematically replace or delete residues 28-62, which includes the cationic cluster. We find that replacing or deleting all residues within the cationic cluster markedly increases NBCe1-B activity (i.e. eliminates autoinhibition). On the background of a cationic clusterless construct, systematically restoring Arg residues restores autoinhibition in two distinct quanta, with one to three Arg residues restoring ∼50%, and four or more Arg residues restoring virtually all autoinhibition. Systematically deleting residues before the cluster reduces autoinhibition by, at most, a small amount. Replacing or deleting residues after the cluster has no effect. For constructs with low NBCe1 activity (but good surface expression, as assessed by biotinylation), co-expression with super-IRBIT (lacking PP1-binding site) restores full activity (i.e. relieves autoinhibition). In summary, the cationic cluster is a necessary component of the AID of NBCe1-B.
Management of Pulmonary Hypertension: Associated with Left Heart Disease

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) due to left heart disease, or WHO group 2 PH, is the most frequent cause of PH. It affects approximately 50% to 60% of patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction as well as 60% of those with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and contributes significantly to disease progression and unfavorable outcomes. The diagnosis of PH is associated with poor prognosis and significant morbidity and mortality.
The motor intentional core of situation awareness

The situated approach to situation awareness (SA) claims that system operators often offload information instead of constructing detailed, stable and internal representations of dynamic situations....
Integrating School Psychology and Applied Behavior Analysis: a Proposed Training Model

It is critical that schools reduce maladaptive behaviors and increase prosocial behavior through the provision of high-quality evidence-based practices (EBP). School psychologists are uniquely positioned to facilitate the delivery of evidence-based applied behavior analytic EBPs, with regard to the foundational training they typically receive in the areas of assessment, intervention, and consultation. However, the lack of comprehensive behavioral training in school psychology graduate programs exposes an existing training gap. Given a substantial content overlap and the significant contributions ABA offers to school-based practice, school psychology training programs should consider providing a stronger behavior analytic component that will enable program graduates to obtain the Board Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA) certificate and more effectively address behavioral needs in schools. This paper describes the rationale for integrating a BCBA track into school psychology programs and discusses practical considerations that may arise.
Preservice Teachers' TPACK Development: A Review of Literature

Building upon Shulman’s pedagogical content knowledge and other prior research studies, Mishra and Koehler explicitly designed the TPACK framework, which includes technology as a third domain of kn...
Wrongful Death of a Physical Education Student

The family of a 14-year-old student who died of an asthma attack during a physical education class filed suit against the physical education teacher for failing to properly respond to the girl's br...
Euler’s elastica-based algorithm for Parallel MRI reconstruction using SENSitivity Encoding

SENSitivity Encoding (SENSE) is an effective mathematical formulation for reconstructing under-sampled MRI data obtained in Parallel Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Parallel MRI). The functional model includes a regularization term and a data fidelity term which need to be minimized to obtain a high quality MRI result. The proper choice of regularization is essential for image quality. In this paper, we show that Euler’s elastica is an effective regularization for Parallel MRI data reconstruction, and has advantages over the Total Variation (TV) regularization in improving image signal to noise ratio and image relative error. The Euler’s elastica functional is however complex to minimize as it is non-convex, non-smooth, and highly nonlinear. In this paper, we propose a new numerical method to solve Euler’s elastica regularized SENSE efficiently. This algorithm is based on a variable splitting approach and proper relaxation of the functional. Numerical examples are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed Euler’s elastica algorithm in comparison to Bregman Operator Splitting with Variable Stepsize, a TV based algorithm.
Coherence of Sound using Navy Sonars and Theoretical Developments

Abstract : The long term goal is to understand how and where the ocean affects the propagation of sound. The theory of rays is the traditional approach for quantifying where sound is affected. However, it has recently been determined that ray theory is very inaccurate at low and moderate frequencies. The primary objective is to use modern theories of wave propagation to quantify where the ocean affects the propagation of sound. The secondary objective is to understand how accurately models can be used to predict the coherence time of low frequency sounds in the deep ocean based on the fluctuations of internal waves.
Dehalogenation of electrochemical processing salt simulants with ammonium phosphates and immobilization of salt cations in an iron phosphate glass waste form

Abstract This study demonstrates the conversion of a simulated salt waste from electrochemical fuel reprocessing into a chemically durable iron phosphate glass waste form through reaction of the salt with ammonium hydrogen phosphate precursors [i.e., NH4H2PO4 and (NH4)2HPO4] and adding Fe2O3. The reaction of the salt simulant ERV2 with the phosphate precursors resulted in dehalogenation of the salt through the production of gaseous NH4Cl and water vapor (plus other minor byproducts) with the residual salt cations incorporating into the iron phosphate glass as oxides. Physical properties and chemical durabilities were measured for iron phosphate glasses made using different salt/phosphate/Fe2O3 ratios. These iron phosphate glasses accommodate high salt cation loadings and have high bulk densities (∼3 × 103 kg/m3), which would provide a high storage volume waste form option (i.e., the volume required to immobilize a given mass of waste). A proof-of-concept demonstration was conducted to show that the NH4Cl off-gas generated during this process reacts with uranium dendrites to directly produce UCl3 that can be recycled as a feedstock for electrochemical processing.
Diversity regimes: why talk is not enough to fix racial inequality at universities

In this well-written, engaging, and timely study, James M. Thomas persuasively answers an important question: Why are diversity, equity, and inclusion efforts within predominantly white American co...
Stability of SARS-CoV-2 on Produce following a Low-Dose Aerosol Exposure.

We modeled the stability of SARS-CoV-2 on apples, tomatoes, and jalapeno peppers at two temperatures following a low-dose aerosol exposure designed to simulate an airborne transmission event involving droplet nuclei. Infectious virus was not recovered postexposure.
Appropriating memories: home movies and spatial montage

Meaning in home movies if often limited for viewers who were not involved with the original event recorded on film. However, the advent of new media technologies and grammars, together with a shift from private viewing to online, public exhibition, has enabled the home movie to be re-contextualized into a more accessible experience for a range of audiences. The emphasis on preserving memory in the home movie, together with the role of (computer) memory in a digital age, open up rich possibilities for new kinds of meaning-making when these forms intersect
Gender equity in ergonomics: does muscle effort in laparoscopic surgery differ between men and women?

Women surgeons may experience more ergonomic challenges while performing surgery. We aimed to assess ergonomics between men and women surgeons. Laparoscopic surgeons from a single institution were enrolled. Demographics and intraoperative data were collected. Muscle groups were evaluated objectively using surface electromyography (EMG; TrignoTM, Delsys, Inc., Natick, MA), and comprised upper trapezius (UT), anterior deltoid, flexor carpi radialis (FCR), and extensor digitorum (ED). Comparisons were made between women (W) and men (M) for each muscle group, assessing maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and median frequency (MDF). The Piper Fatigue Scale-12 (PFS-12) was used to assess self-perceived fatigue. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS v26.0, α = 0.05. 18 surgeries were recorded (W:8, M:10). Women had higher activation of UT (32% vs 23%, p < 0.001), FCR (33% vs 16%, p < 0.001), and ED (13% vs 10%, p < 0.001), and increased effort of ED (90.4 ± 18.13 Hz vs 99.1 ± 17.82 Hz). Comparisons were made between W and M for each muscle group, assessing MVC and MDF. After controlling for surgeon’s height and duration of surgery, an increase in muscle activation was seen for women laparoscopic surgeons. Since poor ergonomics could be a major cause of work-related injuries, we must understand differences in ergonomics between men and women and evaluate which factors impact these variations.
Intermediate Renal Outcomes, Kidney Failure, and Mortality in Obese Kidney Donors.

BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with the two archetypal kidney disease risk factors: hypertension and diabetes. Concerns that the effects of diabetes and hypertension in obese kidney donors might be magnified in their remaining kidney have led to the exclusion of many obese candidates from kidney donation. METHODS We compared mortality, diabetes, hypertension, proteinuria, reduced eGFR and its trajectory, and the development of kidney failure in 8583 kidney donors, according to body mass index (BMI). The study included 6822 individuals with a BMI of <30 kg/m2, 1338 with a BMI of 30-34.9 kg/m2, and 423 with a BMI of ≥35 kg/m2. We used Cox regression models, adjusting for baseline covariates only, and models adjusting for postdonation diabetes, hypertension, and kidney failure as time-varying covariates. RESULTS Obese donors were more likely than nonobese donors to develop diabetes, hypertension, and proteinuria. The increase in eGFR in obese versus nonobese donors was significantly higher in the first 10 years (3.5 ml/min per 1.73m2 per year versus 2.4 ml/min per 1.73m2 per year; P<0.001), but comparable thereafter. At a mean±SD follow-up of 19.3±10.3 years after donation, 31 (0.5%) nonobese and 12 (0.7%) obese donors developed ESKD. Of the 12 patients with ESKD in obese donors, 10 occurred in 1445 White donors who were related to the recipient (0.9%). Risk of death in obese donors was not significantly increased compared with nonobese donors. CONCLUSIONS Obesity in kidney donors, as in nondonors, is associated with increased risk of developing diabetes and hypertension. The absolute risk of ESKD is small and the risk of death is comparable to that of nonobese donors.
Hepatic infectious and inflammatory conditions: Role of 18F-FDG PET imaging with multimodality correlation and implications for management

1160 Objectives: Hepatic infectious and inflammatory conditions: Role of 18F-FDG PET imaging with multimodality correlation and implications for management Background: FDG PET is a useful and validated modality for diagnosing, staging and treatment response assessment of numerous malignant conditions. Although it is highly sensitive but it’s not specific for detecting malignancies. This is due to non-specific nature of FDG, which is a biomarker of glycolytic metabolism. Any infectious/inflammatory and metabolically active tissue can show increased focal uptake of FDG and can lead to false positive interpretation. However FDG PET/CT can have potential role in management of non-malignant infectious/inflammatory conditions as it can provide additional functional information to detect early pathological changes that may precede anatomical abnormalities. Table of Contents/Outline: 1. Conceptual overview of the role of FDG PET in the management of hepatic infectious and inflammatory conditions including in diagnosis, follow-up and treatment response assessment. 2. Outline the utility and limitations of conventional imaging modalities in assessment of hepatic infectious and inflammatory conditions. 3. Illustrate with examples the multimodality imaging features of a. Hepatic infectious conditions including amebic liver abscess, pyogenic liver abscess and hepatic echinococcosis. b. Hepatic inflammatory conditions including sarcoidosis; tuberculosis, granulomatous hepatitis and aseptic liver abscess. 4. Highlight the interpretive pitfalls and discuss potential solutions to overcome these pitfalls. Conclusion: Molecular imaging with FDG PET is traditionally thought of as a tool for management of malignant conditions. However it can be used in demonstrating and managing hepatic infectious and inflammatory conditions. Awareness of multimodality imaging features of some of these common conditions will help in their accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.
Associations between adverse childhood experiences and contraceptive use among young adults in Honduras.

Abstract Objective Research on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and use of modern contraception is limited in Honduras. The government has made substantial gains in promoting modern contraception. Young adults experience high rates of violence. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between ACEs and contraceptive behaviors among young women and men. Methods We used data from 810 women and 753 men aged 18–24 years from the 2017 Honduras Violence against Children Survey, a cross-sectional, nationally representative household survey of childhood adversity. We assessed associations between ACEs and three contraceptive use outcomes: use versus nonuse of modern contraceptives; use of methods requiring medium/high or low programmatic support among current contraceptive users; and frequent versus infrequent condom use. Findings Exposure to physical or emotional abuse and witnessing violence in the home was not significantly associated with the three contraceptive use outcomes for men or women. Sexual abuse and parental separation reduced odds of contraceptive use among women (Odds Ratio (OR) Conclusion The inconsistent direction and magnitude of associations between ACEs and modern contraceptive use among young men and women suggests divergent relationships between ACEs and sexual and reproductive health behaviors. Results may highlight the strength of norms around contraceptive use and/or widespread access to community-based family planning programs and comprehensive sexuality education, irrespective of exposure to ACEs in Honduras.
Effects of deoxycholate on the transepithelial transport of sucrose and horseradish peroxidase in filter-grown Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells.

Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) epithelial cells grown on microporous polycarbonate filters were used as a model system to investigate the mechanisms of enhancement by deoxycholate in the transepithelial transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and 14C-sucrose. Deoxycholate at 0.025% had no effect on the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER); a fivefold enhancement on the transepithelial transport of HRP, but not on that of 14C-sucrose, was observed. Deoxycholate at 0.05% induced a reversible decrease of TEER; a 2- and 50-fold enhancement on the transepithelial transport of 14C-sucrose and HRP, respectively, was observed. At 0.1%, deoxycholate induced an irreversible decrease in TEER and the epithelial barrier in the cell monolayer was completely eliminated. A 3.3-fold increase in cellular uptake in HRP, but not in 14C-sucrose, was also observed in the presence of 0.025% deoxycholate. The increase in cellular uptake was abolished when HRP was conjugated to polylysine. These results suggest that deoxycholate can increase the transepithelial transport by at least two different mechanisms, i.e., a transcellular pathway, possibly due to the enhancement of cellular uptake of selective molecules, and a nonselective paracellular pathway, due to the loosening of tight junctions by deoxycholate at higher concentrations.
Targeting the wee1 kinase for treatment of pediatric Down syndrome acute myeloid leukemia

Background Most Down syndrome children with acute myeloid leukemia (DS-AML) have an overall excellent prognosis, however, patients who suffer an induction failure or relapse, have an extremely poor prognosis. Hence, new therapies need to be developed for this subgroup of DS-AML patients. One new therapeutic approach is preventing cell cycle checkpoint activation by inhibiting the upstream kinase wee1 with the first-in-class inhibitor MK-1775 in combination with the standard genotoxic agent cytarabine (AraC).
Purification and characterization of eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF)-2 alpha kinases from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells.

A major mechanism of regulation of mammalian protein synthesis initiation is accomplished by the phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 2. This modification inhibits the activity of another initiation factor, guanine nucleotide exchange factor, preventing conversion of eIF-2.GDP to eIF-2.GTP and hence binding of initiator tRNA and formation of ternary complex (eIF-2.GTP.Met-tRNAf). Inhibition of protein synthesis and phosphorylation of eIF-2 occurs in Ehrlich cells when they are amino acid- or serum-deprived or heat-shocked as well as in other nucleated cells under similar conditions. This paper describes the purification of two eIF-2 alpha kinases from Ehrlich cells. Unlike the two well characterized eIF-2 alpha kinases, HRI (heme-regulated inhibitor from reticulocytes) and P68 (double-stranded RNA-dependent kinase found in interferon-treated cells), the Ehrlich cell kinases do not appear to autophosphorylate. The two kinases chromatograph differently on DEAE-cellulose and Mono Q. Furthermore, their Michaelis constants (Km values) for ATP are different. Both kinases can inhibit purified guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) from stimulating ternary complex formation. However, only one kinase inhibits reticulocyte lysate cell free protein synthesis. The other kinase co-purifies with a factor that suppresses inhibition of protein synthesis in reticulocyte lysates by eIF-2 alpha kinases. This suppressing activity is probably guanine nucleotide exchange factor.
An autonomous energy harvesting station-keeping vehicle for Persistent Ocean Surveillance

The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory developed an autonomous sailing vessel for persistent ocean surveillance. The unmanned autonomous surface vehicle is capable of extracting wind, water turbine, and solar energy from the local environment for long-term station-keeping as part of DARPA's Persistent Ocean Surveillance Program. The vehicle is capable of withstanding a 1 m/s (2-kt) current and varying littoral sea states to maintain a specified watch radius. The unmanned sailing vehicle uses an autonomously controlled sail and auxiliary thruster that are integrated with GPS, an anemometer (wind speed and direction), three-axis accelerometers, and compass to allow for station-keeping. An initial prototype was designed and developed in 2005, culminating in an at-sea station-keeping demonstration in March 2006. The prototype was successful in station-keeping under sail power 91% of the 24 hour demonstration period. A second-generation prototype that incorporates Iridium communications, solar cells, and an acoustic sensor was designed, developed and tested. Results from the testing demonstrations of the initial and the second generation prototypes will be discussed.
A CSMA/CA protocol for wireless desktop communications

There is an aggressive push among computer companies to consolidate and enhance peripheral communications. One group, the ACCESS .bus Industry Group, has developed a serial bus architecture that offers significant technical and cost advantages over the existing peripheral ports. This industry group is now taking the next step: wireless desktop communications. The paper will discuss issues in serial bus protocol design, and shows both network and signal level simulations of the proposed standard for CSMA/CA wireless desktop communications.
A probabilistic approach to wave propagation and scattering

[1] The probabilistic approach to wave propagation starts in a way that is similar to ray theory, from the representation of the wave field as a product of the amplitude and of the exponent of the eikonal, which is computed by a canonical technique of analytical mechanics. However, an important difference is that the amplitude is not approximated but is represented by exact probabilistic formulas that admit efficient numerical evaluation, and that is a direct improvement of many asymptotic solutions. This approach is shown to be an effective tool for the analysis of numerous wave propagation problems, including those of wave diffraction by a screen occupying a plane angular sector and of electromagnetic diffraction by a wedge with anisotropic impedance boundary conditions.
Computational Methods for Molecular Imaging

Molecular imaging is a new research discipline enabling the visualization, characterization and quantification of biologic processes taking place at the cellular and subcellular levels within intact living subjects. Applications of molecular imaging techniques will benefit various clinical practices including classification and tracking of chemotherapy and treatment planning of radiotherapy, as well as drug discovery and development. Molecular imaging typically includes two or three dimensional imaging with quantification over time, and is often applied on molecular imaging modalities, such as Positron Emission Tomography (PET), and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT). Computational methods serve as an essential part in molecular imaging. Various computational methods are developed to accelerate image processing, identify underlying diseases hidden in the image volumes, evaluate the effectiveness of drug and radiotherapy etc. Computational methods for molecular imaging are in a fast growing field and full of potentials and challenges, and related topics have attracted many researchers from both academia and industry. This book covers the selected topics in computational methods for molecular imaging. As the start, this review provides a brief introduction to the current status of computational methods for molecular imaging and their applications.
Child Weight and Feeding Patterns in an Old Order Mennonite Community

Purpose: Feeding practices in some religious communities may decrease childhood obesity. However, there is limited research in these communities to assess maternal perceptions of their children’s weight and feeding patterns. The purpose of this study was to ascertain Old Order Mennonite mothers’ perceptions of their children’s body weight and to examine feeding patterns for their children. Sample: Participants for this descriptive, correlational study were recruited from an Old Order Mennonite community in south central Kentucky. Sampling was achieved using a snowball sampling strategy and the use of a community insider. Methods: Body Mass Index was measured for mothers and child participants, and mothers completed four questionnaires. Fourteen families with 65 children participated. Findings: Fifteen children (23.1%) had BMIs > 85%, and weight was underestimated in 24.6% of children. Breastfeeding was common (98.5%), with a mean age for cessation of 17.3 months. Mean age for introduction of solid foods was eight months. Results from the CFQ demonstrated mothers were neutral about obesity risk in their child (X=3.05). Mothers reported concerns about high sugar foods, limiting access to unhealthy foods, and children eating all food served at meals. Maternal health literacy scores (X=33.98) were comparable to scores found in other studies. A lower PSOC score (X= 23.36) was found. Conclusions: Further study needs to be conducted in this community to ascertain specific feeding habits that may account for increased BMIs.
Planned marketing channel and its impacts upon the quantitative pattern of the Chinese food—grain consumption

This study is concerned with the issue of planned marketing policy and its impacts upon the patterns of food-grain consumption. The quantitative estimation is carried out using dummy variable model and effects analysis. The results indicate that the regional differentiation is the significant characteristic in the Chinese food-grain consumption. Without substantial improvement both of the effectiveness of the governmental policies and the efficiency of marketing operation, the regional differences seem to be a long-term feature of the patterns of food-grain consumption in China. © 1994 by John Wiley & sons, Inc.
Development of the Ciliary Pattern of the Oral Apparatus of Tetrahymena thermophila1

. The sequence of formation and ciliation of basal bodies and the subsequent organization of compound ciliary structures of the oral apparatus of Tetrahymena thermophila was reanalyzed with the aid of scanning electron microscopy of cells in which the epiplasmic layer was exposed, as well as by light microscopy of protargol-impregnated specimens. This combination of methods allowed the delineation of numerous steps in the patterning of the oral ciliature, some of which have received little or no previous attention. Highlights include: the initial formation of “strings” of nonciliated new basal bodies in juxtaposition to relatively few basal bodies of the stomatogenic kinety; generation of basal body pairs, roughly oriented along the anteroposterior axis of the cell, that later align side-by-side to assemble promembranelles; condensation and reorientation of promembranelles simultaneous with addition of a third row of basal bodies anterior to the original two rows; production of a very short fourth row of basal bodies at the anterior right end of each developing membranelle; generation of the outer basal body row of the undulating membrane (UM) after alignment of the inner row, with transient ciliation of the inner row preceding permanent ciliation of the outer row; limited basal body resorption at the ends of membranelles; and sculpturing of the right ends of membranelles by a movement of basal bodies associated with formation of the ribbed wall adjacent to the UM. In the old anterior oral apparatus a repetition of the processes of generation of a new outer UM row and sculpturing of right ends of membranelles takes place in synchrony with the corresponding events in the oral primordium, following prior shedding of the old outer UM row and loss of the sculptured pattern in association with temporary regression of the ribbed wall micro-tubules. Oral development is complex, with different processes involved in the assembly of the membranelles and the UM, and with a sequence of distinct events involved in the generation of each of these structures. Speaking comparatively, membranelle development follows the same pathway in many, perhaps all, ciliates in which these structures or their homologues develop from a common stomatogenic field.
A call to arms: obese men with more severe comorbid disease and underutilization of bariatric operations

Background Despite similar rates of obesity among American men and women, population-based studies suggest that bariatric surgery patients are disproportionately female. We sought to assess this observation quantitatively.
Injecting life into toys

This paper envisions a future in which smartphones can be inserted into toys, such as a teddy bear, to make them interactive to children. Our idea is to leverage the smartphones' sensors to sense children's gestures, cues, and reactions, and interact back through acoustics, vibration, and when possible, the smartphone display. This paper is an attempt to explore this vision, ponder on applications, and take the first steps towards addressing some of the challenges. Our limited measurements from actual kids indicate that each child is quite unique in his/her "gesture vocabulary", motivating the need for personalized models. To learn these models, we employ signal processing-based approaches that first identify the presence of a gesture in a phone's sensor stream, and then learn its patterns for reliable classification. Our approach does not require manual supervision (i.e., the child is not asked to make any specific gesture); the phone detects and learns through observation and feedback. Our prototype, while far from a complete system, exhibits promise -- we now believe that an unsupervised sensing approach can enable new kinds of child-toy interactions.
Calcium regulation of skeletal myogenesis: IV. A defined culture medium permissive for myotube formation and the use of the calcium antagonist lanthanum.

Lanthanum has been used effectively in studies of calcium physiology in experiments of short duration. In experiments of longer duration, we report that solutions, such as cell culture medium, containing lanthanum (La++) undergo a decrease in pH on the time scale of hours. Presumaly, the decrease in pH is a consequece of the hydrolysis of water by the solution-active La+++ ions. We have devised a defined culture medium without serum and chick embryo extract which is permissive for myotube formation. This defined medium is also useful for studies of La+++ as a calcium antagonist. with Ca++ to low-Ca++ fusion-blocked cultures.
Binding of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP to renal cortical homogenates relationship with phosphorylation

Abstract This study examined the binding of both cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP to receptor proteins in particulate and soluble subfractions of renal cortical homogenates from the golden hamster. The binding of both nucleotides was compared to subsequent effects of both nucleotides on the phosphorylation of histone from identical fractions. Cyclic AMP binding and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activity predominated in the cytosol, with some binding and enzyme activity also detected in particulate fractions. Cyclic GMP and cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase activity could only be demonstrated in cytosolic fractions and represented only 20–30% of cyclic AMP-dependent activity in this fraction. Binding of both nucleotides was highly specific, however, cyclic AMP showed some interaction with cyclic GMP binding. Evidence suggesting that each nucleotide interacts with a specific protein kinase was as follows: both the binding activity of the cyclic nucleotides and their combined protein kinase activity show additivity; cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP binding activity could be separated on sucrose gradients; cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP protein kinase activity could be separated with Sephadex G-100 chromatography, after preincubation of homogenate supernatants with either cyclic AMP or cyclic GMP. The results demonstrate the presence of both cyclic AMP- and cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase in renal cortex.
FLUCTUATIONS OF NUCLEAR CROSS SECTIONS IN THE "CONTINUUM" REGION

An examination was made of the nontrivial consequences of the statistical assumption in the continuum region in which a larger number of compound states overlap because of the short lifetime of the compound nucleus. It is shows that the proper statistical prediction for experiments performed with good energy resolution in the incident beam is that partial cross sections and angular distributions fluctuate even though a large number of intermediate states are excited, the formation and decay of the compound nucleus are independent only on the average, and the fluctuations can be used to determine the lifetime of the compound nucleus in the continuum region. It is generally concluded that the excitation of a large number of intermediate compound states automatically implies that cross sections are smooth functions of the energy and that angular distributions are symmetrical around 90 deg to the beam direction. (B.O.G.)
On correcting for misclassification in twin studies and other matched‐pair studies

In twin studies (and other matched-pair studies) of the effect of a K-level risk factor on disease risk, one must estimate the proportion of pairs in each of K2 possible pair categories, of which K(K −1) categories represent discordant pairs. In particular, for a binary factor, one must estimate proportions within two discordant-pair categories and the variances of functions of these estimates. This paper shows how to do so when misclassification is present and stable estimates of the classification rates are available. Unlike methods that estimate only the discordance ratio, one can use the methods presented here to improve estimates of epidemiologic effects.
Metallurgical stability and the fracture behavior of ferritic stainless steels

The influence of aluminum on the thermal stability of ferritic stainless steels has been investigated using two commercial alloys— Armco Type 18SR and AISI430. Two reaction stages have been detected in these alloys during aging at 475 °; each stage is accompanied by changes in the hardness, yield strength, strain-hardening exponent, and elongation to fracture. The initial stage is attributed to the precipitation of carbide and nitride particles and the second stage to the precipitation of the chromium- rich a’ phase. The 430 alloy exhibits more pronounced changes than 18SR during the first stage due to the higher concentration of interstitials retained in solution after quenching. The effects of the second- stage aging reaction are detected after shorter aging times in the 18SR alloy and are more pronounced than in the 430 alloy, consistent with the influence of aluminum on the coherency strains associated with a’ precipitation. The fracture mechanism in both alloys changes from ductile dimples in the solution- treated and quenched condition to a mix of ductile dimples, intergranular fracture, and transgranular cleavage with increased aging times. Longitudinal cracking at the grain boundaries precedes failure of the aged alloys in tension; it is attributed to the combined effects of void initiation at fine grain boundary precipitates, a’ embrittlement that limits localized plasticity, and the transverse stress components resulting from triaxiality after the onset of necking.
Hurricane Gilbert: The storm of the century

Hurricane Gilbert has been labelled the “storm of the century” because of the many meteorological records it set. These include size, straightness of track, atmospheric pressure, precipitation, and total energy. After ravaging Jamaica as a Force 3 storm, Gilbert made landfall in Yucatan as a Force 5, one of only three hurricanes of such magnitude to do so in North America this century. In spite of a death toll of 318 and property damage in the billions of dollars, Gilbert's impacts were eclipsed by the extensive publicity that accompanied Hurricane Hugo's landfall in South Carolina the following year (1989).
The Middle Devonian in the Pine Point Area, N.W.T.: ABSTRACT

Extensive drilling on the south shore of Great Slave Lake has yielded new information on the structure and lithology of the Pine Point, Presqu'ile and Slave Point formations of Middle Devonian age. In most places along a 5 mile-wide belt, traced 30 miles in a N. 70° E. direction from a point 11 miles south of the mouth of the Buffalo River, the Slave Point formation varies from an upper phase of thin-bedded fossiliferous limestones to a lower phase which is mainly sub-lithographic limestone. These beds overlie coarsely recrystallized, vuggy dolomite of the upper part of the Presqu'ile which rests upon a considerable thickness of fine, sugary-textured and compact crystalline dolomites. The Presqu'ile dolomites overlie the shaly limestones of the Pine Point formation. North of this belt, the coarse-grained dolomite lenses out and, in the western part of the area, the stratigraphic interval is occupied by green shales. The lower dolomites interfinger toward the north with shaly limestones lithologically similar to the Pine Point formation. South of the belt, the coarse dolomite grades into finely crystalline dolomite. Although the regional dip is westerly, the structure is complicated by local folding and initial dips. North of the belt, northerly dips up to 125 feet per mile are found. South of the belt, the beds commonly dip more gently south. Sphalerite, galena, and marcasite occur in greatest abundance at three horizons within the Presqu'ile formation. Sulphur, gypsum, pitch-like bitumen and small traces of oil are found in increasing abundance toward the west in the Slave Point and Presqu'ile formation. The Presqu'ile formation shows many of the characteristics of a biostromal deposit with off-shelf facies extending into the basin of Great Slave Lake. The structure and development of the Paleozoic rocks may be related initially to the structure and topography of the underlying pre-Cambrian rocks. End_of_Article - Last_Page 2252------------
Biotechnology drugs and managed care formularies : Policies, practices, concerns

This article describes the results of a survey of formulary managers regarding policies and practices relevant to biotechnology medicines. The objectives of the survey were to 1) classify major strategies for controlling current expenditures on biotechnology drugs within managed care plans, 2) categorize their future strategies, and 3) identify the perceived effectiveness of strategies currently in use. Results from the survey suggest that the evolving sophistication of formulary management is a major factor that must be taken into consideration early in clinical research efforts, as well as in the design of clinical trials. Drug Dev.
Neonatal estrogen stimulation and aggressive behavior in female mice

Abstract This experiment sought to compare the effects of neonatal androgenization and neonatal estrogenization upon the development of mechanisms for aggressive behavior in mice. Female mice were given either estradiol benzoate (EB) or testosterone propionate (TP) on the day of birth. Other females were given a control injection of oil on the day of birth; male mice received an injection of oil on the day of birth. As adults all mice were gonadectomized, given replacement therapy with TP, and tested in pairs for fighting. Ninety-two per cent of the pairs of females given EB at birth fought following androgen replacement therapy in adulthood. Only 25 per cent of the females given oil at birth fought in adulthood. One hundred per cent of the males and 100 per cent of the females given TP on the day of birth fought in adulthood. It was concluded that administration of estrogen to neonatal female mice facilitates the differentiation of androgen sensitive mechanisms for adult aggressive behavior. In this regard, neonatal estrogenization appears to mimic the effects of neonatal androgenization.
Myofilament proteins: From cardiac disorders to proteomic changes.

Myofilament proteins of the cardiac sarcomere house the molecular machinery responsible for generating tension and pressure. Release of intracellular Ca 2+ triggers myofilament tension generation and shortening, but the response to Ca 2+ is modulated by changes in key regulatory proteins. We review how these proteomic changes are essential to adaptive physiological regulation of cardiac output and become maladaptive in cardiac disorders. We also review the essentials of proteomic techniques used to study myofilament protein changes, including degradation, isoform expression, phosphorylation and oxidation. Selected proteomic studies illustrate the applications of these approaches.
Effects of lidocaine and propranolol on the normal and anomalous pathways in patients with preexcitation.

Abstract Eleven patients with preexcitation were studied by techniques of His bundle recording and atrial pacing. The P-delta interval was used as a measure of anomalous pathway conduction time and P-H interval, a measure of atrioventricular (A-V) nodal conduction time. In 4 patients, anomalous pathway conduction failed with atrial pacing at a critical paced rate, resulting in normalization of conduction. Lidocaine, 50 to 100 mg intravenously, produced a depressant effect on the anomalous pathway in 4 of 6 patients, as manifested by a decrease in the pacing rate producing failure of preexcitation. Anomalous pathway effective refractory period, measured in 2 patients, was prolonged in 1 after administration of lidocaine. The effects of lidocaine on the normal pathway appeared to be minimal. Propranolol, 5 mg intravenously, produced no apparent effect on anomalous pathway conduction in 8 of 9 patients. In 1 patient, the pacing rate producing QRS normalization was slightly decreased. The effective refractory period of the anomalous pathway was unchanged in 2 patients after administration of this drug. Propranolol depressed the normal pathway (in 6 patients whose H potentials were visualized at equivalent paced rates) as manifested by P-H prolongation or decrease in the pacing rate producing block proximal to H, or both. An additional effect related to depression of the normal pathway was the accentuation of preexcitation in patients with fusion QRS complexes. In summary, lidocaine depressed anomalous pathway conduction, whereas propranolol depressed A-V nodal conduction in patients with preexcitation. Both drugs could affect reentrant tachycardia in patients with this syndrome by causing depression of part of the circus pathway.
Biomarkers used to assess the effect of dietary xylitol or sorbitol in the rat

Because sugar alcohols can be used as bulk sweeteners and their possible lower energy values, interest has increased. Sorbitol and xylitol are hydrogenated monosaccharides that have widespread application. Male Fisher-344 rats were fed semipurified diets containing glucose without or with either 10% or 20% sorbitol or xylitol for 8 weeks following a 4-week adaptation period. The addition of sugar alcohols decreased food efficiency and total body weight gain regardless of the type fed. The addition of sugar alcohols to the diets decreased liver glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and malic enzyme (ME). However, rats fed either 10% xylitol or sorbitol or 20% sorbitol had higher levels of epididymal fat tissue G6PD and ME. Plasma glucagon levels were decreased with the addition of sugar alcohols; whereas, in plasma insulin and glucose there was little effect. Diets containing sugar alcohols decreased levels of plasma triglyceride and cholesterol. The addition of sugar alcohols to the diets increased plasma alkaline phosphatase levels. Dietary treatments had no effect on urine or adrenal norephinephrine and epinephrine, and urine dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and dopamine. The addition of sugar alcohols to the diets had more of a metabolic effect than the type of sugar alcohol fed.