cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Function Optimization Using Evolutionary Programming with Self-Adaptive Cultural Algorithms

Self-adaptation can take place at several levels in evolutionary computation system. Here we investigate relative performance of two different self-adaptive versions of Evolutionary Programming(EP). One at the individual level adaptation proposed by Schwefel and Saravanan & Fogel and one at the population level using Cultural Algorithms. The performance of the two versions of self-adaptive EP are then compared to each other for a set of selected unconstrained function optimization problems. For most optimization problems studied here, the pooling of information in the belief space at the population level improves the performance of EP.
Predicting Turnover with Broad and Narrow Personality Traits

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between personality and turnover and the relative validity of broad and narrow personality traits. At the domain level, Extraversion and Openness to Experience were positively correlated with turnover in a sample of 203 call center employees. Several facets were correlated with turnover after controlling for the corresponding domains.
Propofol as an induction agent for endotracheal intubation can cause significant arterial hypotension in preterm neonates

Summary Background: Propofol is gaining increasing popularity as induction agent for pediatric endotracheal intubation. Recently, propofol has been described for the first time as induction agent for endotracheal intubation in preterm neonates. Propofol seemed to be efficient, safe and ideally suited for the INSURE (Intubation SURfactant Extubation) procedure in preterm neonates. The purpose of this study was to document intubating conditions, vital signs, extubation times and outcome in preterm neonates receiving propofol as induction agent for the INSURE procedure. Patients and Methods: Preterm neonates with a gestational age of 29–32 weeks and respiratory distress were eligible for INSURE with propofol if their postnatal age was <8 h. Exclusion criteria were any kind of disease not allowing early extubation. Results: There were 13 inborn neonates enrolled for INSURE, mean gestational age was 30 weeks + 3 days, and mean birth weight was 1428 g (range 1170–1780 g). We stopped our observational study ahead of time as a result of significant cardiovascular side effects. Propofol generally offered good intubating conditions, but we encountered severe problems with arterial hypotension. A low propofol bolus of 1 mg·kg−1 caused a distinctive decline in mean arterial blood pressure from 38 mmHg (range 29–42 mmHg) prior premedication to 24 mmHg (22–40 mmHg) 10 min after propofol application. Conclusions: Our experience with propofol as induction agent for endotracheal intubation in preterm neonates reveals distinctive cardiovascular effects, which represent an important risk factor for serious complications of prematurity like intraventricular hemorrhage or periventricular leucomalacia. Propofol should be used with caution in very preterm neonates with respiratory distress during the first hours of life.
Embryonic Morphogenesis: Role of Fibrous Lattice in the Development of Feathers and Feather Patterns

In the morphogenesis of embryonic feather germs the formation of dermal cell groupings is associated with the development of a highly regular pattern of birefringence in the dermis. This birefringence is due to a lattice-like system of collagenous tracts along which dermal cells become progressively aligned and grouped in regularly spaced sites. The experimental results suggest that this fibrous lattice is of major significance in the morphogenesis of feather germs and in their characteristic pattern of distribution.
Electrical and optical properties of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals in aqueous environments

Abstract Microscale and larger semiconductor crystals have electronic and optical properties that depend on their bulk band structures. When these crystals are reduced into the nanoscale, they enter a new regime in which the electrical and optical properties are no longer influenced solely by their bulk band structures, but are influenced by the crystallite size and shape. In this paper, dimensional confinement and proximity phenomena are examined for colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals in several cases of practical importance. Specifically, we determine the effective binding potentials of selected quantum dots in aqueous environments in various colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals and correlate them with experimentally obtained absorption spectra. We also study fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between semiconductor crystals connected by short peptide chains as well as the shift in photoluminescence spectra of CdTe nanowires made from a chain of CdTe quantum dots.
Mapping of complementation groups within a Rhizobium leguminosarum CFN42 chromosomal region required for lipopolysaccharide synthesis.

A major genetic region specifying portions of the carbohydrate structure of Rhizobium leguminosarum CFN42 lipopolysaccharide was analyzed by Tn5 mutagenesis, constructing deletions in cloned DNA, restriction mapping, and complementation analysis. Mutations affecting lipopolysaccharide synthesis were arranged in nine complementation groups spanning 18 kb of DNA. One mutation resulted in O-polysaccharide-containing lipopolysaccharide having a slightly increased mobility in gel electrophoresis. This mutation did not affect the symbiosis with bean plants. The other mutations eliminated the 0-polysaccharide-containing lipopolysaccharide and resulted in strains defective in eliciting bean nodule development.
Impact of the 2012 American Urological Association vasectomy guidelines on postvasectomy outcomes in a military population.

Objective To evaluate the impact of the 2012 American Urological Association vasectomy guidelines on postvasectomy clinical outcomes in a highly mobile military cohort and compare these outcomes with those of civilian counterparts. Methods The records of service members who underwent vasectomy between January 2008 and December 2013 and provided at least 1 postvasectomy semen analysis (PVSA) were analyzed in the context of the 2012 guidelines. Time to occlusive success, repeat PVSAs and vasectomies, and health care cost savings were compared between our prior definition of vasectomy success, which required azoospermia, and the 2012 criteria, which included rare nonmotile sperm. Results Of the 1623 men who underwent vasectomy, 738 men (45%) failed to submit a PVSA, leaving 895 men (55%) who provided at least 1 PVSA. A total of 1084 PVSAs were obtained in these men, who had a mean age of 37 ± 6 years. Defining success as azoospermia on first PVSA resulted in a sterility rate of 69%. After application of the 2012 guidelines, 845 patients (94%) achieved sterility by the first PVSA and more patients achieved sterility 60 days from vasectomy (96% vs 72%; P <.001). Inclusion of rare nonmotile sperm in our definition of success would have allowed 228 men to forego a second PVSA and prevented 2 (0.002%) unnecessary vasectomies, a savings of $6297. Conclusion PVSA compliance in our military cohort was similar to that of civilian counterparts. The American Urological Association vasectomy guidelines have the potential to decrease the number of repeat vasectomies and laboratory tests, improve the documented success rate, and increase follow-up compliance when applied to a military population.
Heat and mass transport in random velocity fields with application to dispersion in porous media

The effective equations describing the transport of a Brownian passive tracer in a random velocity field are derived, assuming that the lengthscales and timescales on which the transport process takes place are much larger than the scales of variations in the velocity field. The effective equations are obtained by applying the method of homogenization, that is a multiple-scale perturbative analysis in terms of the small ratio ∈ between the characteristic micro- and macro-lengthscales. After expanding the dependent variable and both space and time gradients in terms of ∈, equating coefficients of like powers of ∈ yields expressions to determine the dependent variable up to any order of approximation. Finally, a Fickian constitutive relation is determined, where the effective transport coefficients are expressed in terms of the ensemble properties of the velocity field. Our results are applied to the transport of passive tracers in the stationary flow field generated in dilute fixed beds of randomly distributed spheroids, finding the effective diffusivity as a function of the spheroid eccentricity. Our result generalizes the expression of Koch and Brady (1985), who considered spherical inclusions, and is readily applied to the cases of random beds of slender fibers and flat disks.
Associations Between Adolescent Sibling Conflict and Relationship Quality During the Transition to College

Family researchers have acknowledged the importance of sibling relationships across the life span, but little is known about how this relationship functions during the transition from adolescence to emerging adulthood. The present study therefore examined how two domains of adolescent sibling conflict (equality and fairness issues and personal domain invasions) are related to sibling relationship quality after firstborns leave home to attend college, from the perspectives of firstborn and secondborn siblings from the same families. Our findings suggest that frequent or intense sibling conflicts during adolescence may be related to more positive and less negative sibling relationships the first year after older siblings leave home, and that conflicts surrounding issues of equality and fairness may facilitate more egalitarian relationships during emerging adulthood for some siblings. It therefore seems that the sibling relationship during the adolescent years may have important implications for its long-ter...
Computable representations for the general density of random r–contents of beta distributed random points in an n–ball

This article considers the r–content of the simplex convex hull of r + 1 independent beta distributed random points in a unit n–ball. By comparing this problem with a similar one in multivariate statistical analysis, the exact density is obtained, for the general case, in computable series form.
Has survival improved for nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the United States

Objective To analyze the epidemiologic patterns and survival rates for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma over the last three decades. Methods The National Cancer Institute (NCI) Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program tumor registries were used to identify patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the United States from 1973 to 1999. Incidence and survival rates for each decade were then determined according to age, gender, race, histological type, and stage using the SEER statistical program. Results From 1973 to 1999, 4680 cases of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the United States were sampled by the NCI /SEER database. Overall incidence rates for each decade essentially remained unchanged over time (0.7/100,000). Asians exhibited the highest incidence rates (3.0–4.2), followed by blacks (0.7–1.1) and then whites (0.4–0.7). In contrast, survival rates have gradually improved over time for all stages and histological types (35.7% 5-year survival in the 1970s vs. 44.1% in the 1980, and 51% in the 1990s). With respect to race, Asians demonstrated the best 5-year survival rate (62.9%) followed by whites (42.6%) and then blacks (36.2%). However, this may be due to histology, because Asians were also found to have a greater proportion of World Health Organization (WHO) type III cases (27.6%) in comparison to the other 2 groups (22.4% for blacks and 15% for whites). Conclusions Although the incidence rates of nasopharyngeal carcinoma have remained essentially unchanged in the United States in the last 3 decades, survival rates for each stage and histological subtype have exhibited considerable improvement over time. The higher survival rates in Asians may be partially attributed to the more favorable histology (type III) often seen in this group. EBM rating: B-3.
A report of mesothelial/monocytic incidental cardiac excrescences and a literature review.

Abstract We report the case of a rare cardiac lesion, mesothelial/monocytic incidental cardiac excrescences, and also provide a review of the literature. Diagnosis of this entity was based on both its unique morphologic features and imunohistochemical stains. Cytokeratin positivity confirmed the epithelial component, mesothelial cells, in the lesion. Positive staining of CD68 in the monocytic-appearing cells revealed the histiocytic nature of the second component of this lesion. Differential diagnoses are discussed. This report emphasizes the diagnostic dilemma encountered with this unusual entity and the possibility of misdiagnosing the epithelial portion as a metastatic lesion or visa versa.
The Eagle-Like Effect of the Echinocandins: Is It Relevant for Clinical Decisions?

The Eagle effect is a paradoxical growth phenomenon long known to exist in vitro with specific antimicrobial agents, particularly the penicillins. More recent reports have indicated that this effect also exists when Candida or Aspergillus species are exposed to the echinocandin antifungals. While the majority of data for this effect exists for caspofungin, there are also reports that micafungin and anidulafungin may have a paradoxical growth effect in certain media or with particular pathogens. In efforts to reproduce the paradoxical growth curve in vivo, results with Candida have been varied. In vivo studies suggest an effect with Aspergillus, but were not reproducible in vitro. Because of these results, questions have been raised about the clinical relevance of this phenomenon. Aside from select scenarios, including late clinical failure or catheter lock therapy, current data suggest that the clinical relevance of the paradoxical growth effect is not likely to be significant.
Organometallic enantiomeric scaffolding. Sequential semipinacol/1,5-"Michael-like" reactions as a strategic approach to bridgehead-quaternary center aza[3.3.1]bicyclics: application to the total synthesis of (-)-adaline.

TpMo(CO)2(5-oxo-η3-pyranyl) and TpMo(CO)2(5-oxo-η3-pyridinyl) complexes 1 and 2 (Scheme 1, Tp = hydridotrispyrazolylborate) and their progeny have been developed as organometallic enantiomeric scaffolds for the asymmetric construction of a wide variety of heterocyclic systems.1 Readily available and easily synthesized,2 single enantiomers of these simple air-stable organometallic π-complexes function as scaffolds from which widely differing families of complex organic structures can be elaborated in an enantiospecific fashion. The organometallic nature of these enantiomeric scaffolds provides opportunities to implement conceptually unique synthetic design strategies. Herein is described one such strategy: a new molybdenum-mediated semipinacol rearrangement delivering α-quaternary pyranyl and pyridinyl systems that, when coupled sequentially with a molybdenum-mediated intramolecular 1,5-“Michael-like” reaction of 5-oxopyridinyl molybdenum complexes,1m can provide a novel enantiocontrolled entry to heteroatom-bridged [3.3.1]bicyclic systems bearing quaternary centers3,4,5 adjacent to the ring heteroatom (Scheme 1). The concept is highlighted via a synthesis of the azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane natural product, (-)-adaline.6 Adaline possesses the 9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane skeleton common to several insect- and plant-derived alkaloids, including pseudopelletierine,7 (+)-euphococcinine,8 and porantherine.9 This structure is a higher homolog of the medicinally-important tropane skeleton. A number of racemic10 and enantiospecific syntheses11 of adaline have been reported.
Seasonal and Soil-Drying Effects on Runoff Phosphorus Relationships to Soil Phosphorus

Controlling phosphorus levels in runoff is often recommended as the best way to minimize eutrophication of streams and lakes. Previous research has shown that increased concentrations of dissolved reactive P (DRP) in runoff from grassland are highly correlated to increased soil test P (STP) levels. We conducted an experiment to investigate the hypothesis that seasonal changes in field conditions (especially soil moisture) along with the practice of air-drying soil samples prior to analysis may affect such correlations. Grass plots with a wide range of STP were randomly divided into two groups. In May (wet season), soil samples were taken from each plot in the first group, simulated rain was applied (75 mm h ') to produce 30 min of runoff, and filtered runoff samples were analyzed for DRP. Each soil sample was analyzed for H 2 O content, sieved (2 mm), and split into two subsamples. One subsample from each plot was kept field-moist at 4°C, and the other was air dried. Phosphorus saturation was determined only on air-dry soil, but all soil subsamples were analyzed by Mehlich III and distilled H 2 O methods. In August (dry season), the second group of plots received the same treatment. All correlations of STP to runoff DRP were significant (P < 0.01), regardless of season or STP method, Water-extractable STP from air-dry soil (mean = 28.5 mg kg -1 ) and Mehlich III STP (mean 145 mg kg -1 ) were not affected by season, but DRP concentration in August runoff (mean = 1.05 mg L -1 ) was almost double that in May (mean = 0.57 mg L 1 ), so the resulting correlations were affected. Water-extractable STP from field-moist soil was higher in August (mean=23 mg kg -1 ) than in May (mean = 16 mg kg -1 ), and P saturation levels showed a similar trend. Runoff volumes were smaller in August, so season had little effect on mean DRP-mass loss.
Analysis of three-dimensional attributes and flow intake for an oscillating cantilever

Macro-sized cantilevers oscillating in a fluid have been employed in applications ranging from thermal management to propulsion. The flow field generated upstream and downstream of the cantilever remains insufficiently understood. In order to properly control the resulting flow, further experimental and numerical studies are needed. From a two-dimensional perspective, comprehensive analysis has been done in other research, primarily through employing a single cantilever whose width is much larger than the vibration amplitude. However, when analyzing a region near an oscillating corner of the cantilever, where two edges of the slender cantilever meet, the flow becomes extremely three-dimensional, rendering the two-dimensional analysis tools less useful. This study seeks to further understand the highly three-dimensional nature of the flow in addition to providing further insight into optimized flow control. Two perpendicular flow planes are analyzed in order to gather the x, y and z-directional flow velocities using standard particle image velocimetry measurements. It is shown that under certain circumstances, the resulting flow is atypical of what one would expect from a simple extrapolation from previous two-dimensional flow analyses. Examples of this are a decrease in maximum vorticity, stretching of the vortex shape and movement of the vortex that is incongruent with previous two-dimensional research. For future implementation plans into actual products, geometry of surrounding walls must be considered. The data are analyzed in this light and a preliminary optimized enclosure geometry is proposed.
Interaction Between Norepinephrine, Oxytocin, and Nitric Oxide in the Stimulation of Gonadotropin‐Releasing Hormone Release From Proestrous Rat Basal Hypothalamus Explants

In the proestrous female rat, norepinephrine, oxytocin and nitric oxide (NO) all participate in the regulation of the preovulatory gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) surge. Recent studies from our laboratory have demonstrated that oxytocin induces dose-dependent release of GnRH from proestrous basal hypothalamus explants. The present studies were undertaken to determine whether norepinephrine could also stimulate GnRH release from similar explants, to identify the receptors responsible for this effect and to investigate interactions between norepinephrine, oxytocin and NO. Norepinephrine significantly stimulated GnRH release from proestrous basal hypothalamus explants, and coadministration of the alpha(1)-adrenergic antagonist prazosin blocked this effect. Combined administration of oxytocin and norepinephrine stimulated significantly more GnRH release than either drug alone, and this stimulation was blocked by inhibition of NO synthase, or by an oxytocin receptor antagonist. NO production was measured from the same samples using a modified Griess reaction. Oxytocin, but not norepinephrine, significantly increased NO production, as did norepinephrine and oxytocin in combination. Oxytocin receptor antagonist administration attenuated the stimulation of NO production by norepinephrine/oxytocin. These results demonstrate for the first time that oxytocin and norepinephrine dramatically stimulate GnRH release from basal hypothalamus explants harvested on the afternoon of proestrus, and indicate that this involves oxytocin receptor and NO-dependent mechanisms.
The effects of postural change and exercise on renal haemodynamics in familial dysautonomia

Cardiovascular instability is a prominent manifestation of familial dysautonomia [FD] while renal insufficiency occurs in a large number of adult FD patients. To determine if there was a causative relationship, renal artery blood flow velocity using Doppler technology, was recorded and the ratio of the peak systolic velocity (point A) to the end diastolic velocity (point B) was calculated. The A/B ratio was assessed in response to change of position and exercise, and was correlated with renal function, heart rate and systemic blood pressure. Studies were performed in 54 FD patients with a mean age of 24 years ± 9.8 years, and 20 controls, with a mean age of 24.7 years ± 7.6 years.
Syntax extension using a run time model

We describe a method of syntax extension for programming languages which involves using an augmented BNF notation to add new syntactic constructs to the language, and where the meaning of the constructs is usually given by ordinary user subroutines to be executed at run time. This requires fewer special constructs in the language, and also makes it simpler to specify the extensions because the programmer does not have to worry about compile time vs. run time distinctions. The extended BNF may also be used to give specialized syntax to particular data structures.
Methotrexate: understanding the risk in psoriasis patients

Sirs,Low-dose methotrexate is an effective systemic therapy for moderate-to-severe psoriasis and has become a commonly prescribed systemic medication for psoriasis. Though effective, methotrexate i...
High-brightness electron guns for linac-based light sources

Most proposed linac-based light sources, such as single-pass free-electron lasers and energy-recovery-linacs, require very high-brightness electron beams in order to achieve their design performance. These beam requirements must be achieved not on an occasional basis, but rather must be met by every bunch produced by the source over extended periods of time. It is widely assumed that the beam source will be a photocathode electron gun; the selection of accelerator technique (e.g., dc or rf) for the gun is more dependent on the application. The current state of the art of electron beam production is adequate but not ideal for the first generation of linac-based light sources, such as the Linac Coherent Light Source [ ] (LCLS) x-ray free-electron laser (X-FEL). For the next generation of linac-based light sources, an order of magnitude reduction in the transverse electron beam emittance is required to significantly reduce the cost of the facility. This is beyond the present state of the art, given the other beam properties that must be maintained. The requirements for current and future linac-based light source beam sources are presented here, along with a review of the present state of the art. A discussion of potential paths towards meeting future needs is presented at the conclusion.
A unified model for integral city design

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the coherent and purposeful design of dense urban districts, by presenting a unified model for the multifunctional nature of urban streets, and illustrating its application in urban design.Design/methodology/approach – Urban technologies and design analyses developed in recent years make a radical combination of environmental and human functions possible in compact urban districts. With these tools in hand, it is possible to organize our understanding of the components of street design.Findings – The kind of street that can be constructed today can be considered an ecosystem in two senses: first, in the conventional sense of a biophysical landscape which participates in rain, sun, and living things; second, in the sense of a resident human community that evolves as does an ecosystem, through interacting of beings with each other and with their environment. Both human and natural systems develop with the same dynamic attributes of openness, self‐regul...
INFRARED CAVITY RINGDOWN LASER ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY (IR-CRLAS) IN LOW PRESSURE FLAMES

fractional absorption) and generality of IR-CRLAS for combustion studies is demonstrated for low pressure laminar flames and is shown to be robust even in sooting environments with high temperature gradients. The ability to obtain (1-D) spatially resolved spectra of both reactants and products within a narrow spectral region is also demonstrated. In these initial flame studies, two information rich mid-infrared spectral regions are probed at Doppler-limited resolution, centered about 1.5 μm and 3.3 μm.
Racial and ethnic bias in decisions to shoot seen through a stronger lens: experimental results from high-fidelity laboratory simulations

Research on racial bias in the United States includes findings that Americans tend to view blacks as more dangerous than whites. Some have argued that this bias provides a likely explanation for the disproportionate number of ethnic and racial minorities shot by police. One piece of evidence for this proposition comes from experimental work in which research participants push “shoot” or “don’t shoot” buttons when still images of people and objects that may or may not be weapons are presented in rapid succession. These studies have established that participants tend to subconsciously pair black individuals with weapons and white individuals with neutral objects. However, it is not clear from these studies that the subconscious racial bias identified by researchers affects actual decisions to shoot, perhaps because the techniques used to assess the bias-shooting link bear so little resemblance to real-world shootings. This paper reports on the results of a novel laboratory experiment designed to overcome this critical limitation by using high-fidelity deadly force judgment and decision-making simulators to assess both subconscious and behavioral bias among 48 research participants, recruited from the general population. Study results suggest that subconscious associations between race and threat exhibited by participants are not linked to their shooting behavior. The implications of this finding for understanding how race and ethnicity affect decisions to shoot, and for conducting empirical research on this important topic, are discussed.
REVERSIBLE PULMONARY ARTERY BANDING: DISSOLVABLE POLYDIOXANONE MESH VS SEGMENTED SILASTIC BANDS

REVERSIBLE PULMONARY ARTERY BANDING: DISSOLVABLE POLYDIOXANONE MESH VS SEGMENTED SILASTIC BANDS
Human aminopeptidase N is a receptor for human coronavirus 229E

Human coronaviruses (HCV) in two serogroups represented by HCV-229E and HCV-OC43 are an important cause of upper respiratory tract infections. Here we report that human aminopeptidase N, a cell-surface metalloprotease on intestinal, lung and kidney epithelial cells, is a receptor for human coronavirus strain HCV-229E, but not for HCV-OC43. A monoclonal antibody, RBS, blocked HCV-229E virus infection of human lung fibroblasts, immunoprecipitated aminopeptidase N and inhibited its enzymatic activity. HCV-229E-resistant murine fibroblasts became susceptible after transfection with complementary DNA encoding human aminopeptidase N. By contrast, infection of human cells with HCV-OC43 was not inhibited by antibody RBS and expression of aminopeptidase N did not enhance HCV-OC43 replication in mouse cells. A mutant aminopeptidase lacking the catalytic site of the enzyme did not bind HCV-229E or RBS and did not render murine cells susceptible to HCV-229E infection, suggesting that the virus-binding site may lie at or near the active site of the human aminopeptidase molecule.
Biologic matrices in oncologic breast reconstruction after mastectomy

As the demand for post-mastectomy breast reconstruction has continued to rise, options for the implantable soft-tissue replacement products which enhance the aesthetic and reconstructive outcome of these procedures has grown as well. While the most common product used in an alloplastic breast reconstruction is an acellular dermal matrix derived from human sources, many other options are currently available, each offering their own unique properties and benefits. This review presents a concise description of each of the biologic matrices currently available and discusses their use in the context of one-stage and two-stage breast reconstructions.
Cutaneous lichen planus: A systematic review of treatments

Various treatment modalities are available for cutaneous lichen planus. Pubmed, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, and Health Technology Assessment Database were searched for all the systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials related to cutaneous lichen planus. Two systematic reviews and nine relevant randomized controlled trials were identified. Acitretin, griseofulvin, hydroxychloroquine and narrow band ultraviolet B are demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of cutaneous lichen planus. Sulfasalazine is effective, but has an unfavorable safety profile. KH1060, a vitamin D analogue, is not beneficial in the management of cutaneous lichen planus. Evidence from large scale randomized trials demonstrating the safety and efficacy for many other treatment modalities used to treat cutaneous lichen planus is simply not available.
Does banner advertising affect browsing for brands? clickstream choice model says yes, for some

This paper investigates how exposure to Internet display advertising affects the subsequent choices users make of brand-specific pages to view within a website. Using individual-level clickstream data from a third-party automotive website, we tracked the web pages selected by users as they browsed the site and their exposures to premium placement display ads for different vehicle makes (e.g., Ford, Toyota). Pages on the site were classified into those that displayed information about a specific vehicle make (a “make page”) versus those that did not (a “non-make page”). For each “make-page” viewed, the specific automotive make selected (e.g., Ford, Toyota) was also recorded. We use these data to develop a model of users’ make-specific page choices as a function of prior banner ad exposure on the site. Consumer heterogeneity is captured using a Bayesian Mixture approach. We find that banner ads influence subsequent choices of which make-specific pages to view for ads, served during the current browsing session but not for ads served in previous sessions. The effect of banner ads is also segmented: users in one segment (54%) reacted positively, users in a second segment (46%) were not influenced. Using a standard continuous approach to heterogeneity, we would have concluded–incorrectly–that banner advertising has no effect on the subsequent selection of make-specific pages. For the positively reacting segment, we estimate that the elasticity of make-page choice with respect to banner ad exposure is just under 0.2. Users in this segment appear less focused in their site browsing behavior and tend to stay longer than users in the non-reacting segment.
Shape, Mean Radius, Gravity Field, and Interior Structure of Callisto

Radio Doppler data generated by the Deep Space Network (DSN) from five encounters of the Galileo spacecraft with Callisto, Jupiter's outermost Galilean satellite, have been used to determine the quadrupole moments of the satellite's external gravitational field.
Enantioselective Fluoroamination: 1,4-Addition to Conjugated Dienes Using Anionic Phase-Transfer Catalysis**

Chiral-anion phase-transfer catalysis (PTC) has been applied towards the enantioselective fluorocyclization reactions of 1,3-dienes. The method affords unprecedented fluorinated benz[f]isoquinoline and octahydroisoquinoline products in high yields and up to 96 % ee. New fluorinated amine reagents outperformed Selectfluor in the desired transformation.
Delaware Photuris Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae): New State Records, Conservation Status, and Habitat Associations

ABSTRACT: In the Middle-Atlantic region, the distribution, abundance, and habitat associations of fireflies in the genus Photuris are poorly understood. Six species in Photuris are recorded from Delaware. Ten years (1998–2008) of periodic survey work has yielded three new state records and contributed valuable information regarding species abundance and habitat affiliations in this region. Results from that survey are summarized and compared to previously published Delaware records. This is the first concerted effort to report the conservation status and the associated habitat and natural community types of Photuris fireflies from the Middle-Atlantic region.
Fossil distortion and décollement tectonics of the Appalachian Plateau

Fossil distortion and solution cleavage are associated with low-amplitude folds on the outer fringes of the Appalachian foreland fold belt. Deformed fossils, sampled from Upper Devonian rocks in western New York, correspond to horizontal strain ellipses with axial ratios of as much as 1.5 and with long axes precisely parallel to the Appalachian fold trend. This strain is indicative of at least a 10% layer-parallel shortening normal (north-northwest) to the fold trend. Assuming a rigid basement, 10% layer-parallel shortening requires 5 km of displacement along a decollement thrust on the south-southeast side of any 50-km-wide portion of the affected area.
Physical properties of Ce2(Rh,Ir)1−xCoxIn8

Heat capacity measurements were carried out on Ce 2 T 1-x Co x In 8 (T = Rh, Ir), bilayer variants of the single-layer CeTIn 5 heavy fermions superconductors. We report the evolution of the ground state properties of Ce 2 RhIn 8 and Ce 2 IrIn 8 with Co substitution. We have determined from specific heat data a temperature-composition phase diagram and predict Ce 2 CoIn 8 to be an antiferromagnet at ambient pressure with T N 1.6 K, based on simple extrapolation up to x = 1. The role of the reduced dimensionality and layering effects is discussed.
ADIABATIC FORMULATION OF HETERONUCLEAR HYDROGEN MOLECULAR ION

We revisit the ${\mathrm{HD}}^{+}$ molecular ion by starting from a definition of the nonrelativistic adiabatic Hamiltonian that recovers the isotopic splitting. The Hamiltonian is written in prolate spheroidal coordinates with the origin at the nuclear center of mass. This prescription for the adiabatic Hamiltonian implicitly contains the symmetry-breaking effects arising from the mass difference between the proton and the deuteron, and gives the correct asymptotic atomic reduced masses. We calculate potential-energy curves, vibrational energies, transition dipole moments, and coupling matrix elements for ${\mathrm{HD}}^{+}.$ In our adiabatic approximation, the isotopic splitting is recovered to nine significant digits at a value of ${R=750a}_{0}.$ We investigate the dependence of the vibrational energies on the number of coupled electronic states, and compare with other calculations.
Opposite effects of lithium and valproic acid on trophic factor deprivation-induced glycogen synthase kinase-3 activation, c-Jun expression and neuronal cell death

Recent studies demonstrate that lithium and valproic acid (VPA), two commonly used mood-stabilizing drugs, have neuroprotective effects against a variety of insults. Inhibition of the proapoptotic enzyme, glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), has been suggested to be the mechanism of action of neuroprotection for both drugs. In this study, we tested if lithium and VPA could protect cultured cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) from GSK-3-mediated apoptosis induced by trophic factor withdrawal (serum/potassium deprivation). Both lithium and indirubin, a specific GSK-3 inhibitor, protected CGNs in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, VPA did not provide any neuroprotection and even potentiated cell death. Immunoblot analysis revealed that lithium inhibited the trophic factor deprivation-induced activation of GSK-3 as well as the in vivo phosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein Tau on Ser199, a specific target site for GSK-3. Under these same experimental conditions, however, VPA neither inhibited GSK-3 activation nor hindered GSK-3 mediated Tau phosphorylation. Furthermore, in accordance with their effects on neuronal survival, lithium prevented the induction of c-Jun expression in trophic factor-deprived CGNs, whereas VPA potentiated it. Collectively, these results show that VPA is not a universal inhibitor of neuronal GSK-3, and that instead of being neuroprotective, VPA can even exacerbate neuronal death under some conditions.
Psychopharmacology training in clinical psychology: a renewed call for action

Knowledge of psychopharmacology is essential for a clinical psychologist to practice his/her profession, regardless of whether one desires to become licensed to prescribe psychoactive medications. This commentary reiterates a call made almost 20 years ago for all practitioners to gain and utilize this knowledge. Without psychopharmacology knowledge, one is extremely limited in the ability to interact with medical prescribers and to optimally serve their patients as a valued member of the health care team.
Lamellar crystallization of silicon for 3-dimensional integration

In order to realize monolithic 3-dimensional integration of semiconductor devices, we must be able to obtain device-quality single-crystalline regions of semiconductor on an amorphous substrate. This must be done without exceeding the thermal budget of underlying device layers. We present simulation results that show a 532nm laser pulse of 15@ms duration can melt and crystallize an amorphous silicon region on top of an insulating layer, without heating underlayers above 450^oC. This timescale may allow the partial melting of silicon, in which solid lamellae of submicron width and exhibiting preferential orientation can form. We show that a single lamella, once formed, can solidify on the 10@ms timescale to form a single crystal 2@mm wide. With control over the location of these lamellae, they may be of use in forming single-seeded crystalline regions in which devices can be fabricated.
Relaxation responses of the coronary microcirculation after cardiopulmonary bypass and ischemic arrest with cardioplegia: Implications for the treatment of postoperative coronary spasm

Abstract Coronary arteriolar spasm may occur following cardiopulmonary bypass and ischemic arrest, resulting in impaired cardiac function. Because myocardial perfusion is principally regulated by the microcirculation, the in vitro effects of various clinically used vasodilating drugs on porcine coronary microvessels less than 200 μm in diameter were examined following cardioplegic arrest and reperfusion. After 1 hour of ischemic arrest using either crystalloid or blood cardioplegia solutions followed by 1 hour of reperfusion, microvessels were studied in a pressurized (40 mmHg), no-flow state, and imaged with a video tracking device. Vessels were preconstricted by 30% to 60% of their resting diameter using acetylcholine, and various vasodilatory agents were applied extraluminally. Responses to the β-adrenergic receptor agonist isoproterenol and the nitrovasodilator sodium nitroprusside were minimally altered by either cardioplegia solution as compared to control. In contrast, relaxation responses to both the calcium channel antagonist nifedipine and nitroglycerin were diminished after ischemic arrest and reperfusion. Relaxation reponses were similar with crystalloid or blood cardioplegia for all drugs tested. Despite its somewhat attenuated response, nifedipine remained the most potent vasodilator of those studied. It is concluded that (1) following ischemic arrest with either crystalloid or blood cardioplegia solutions, responses to sodium nitroprusside and isoproterenol were minimally altered, while responses to nifedipine and nitroglycerin were attenuated; (2) relaxation responses of coronary arterioles were not significantly different with either blood or crystalloid cardioplegia; and (3) despite a slightly decreased response after cardioplegia, nifedipine was the most potent vasodilator of coronary arterioles, and may be the best choice for treating postoperative coronary arteriolar spasm.
Prealbumin and retinol binding protein serum concentrations in the indiana type hereditary amyloidosis

Serum prealbumin and retinol binding protein (RBP) concentrations were determined for 68 members of a kindred in Indiana with a familial type of systemic amyloidosis. Immunohistochemical studies on rectal and muscle biopsy material from individuals with this type of amyloidosis revealed staining of amyloid deposits with anti-prealbumin. Both the serum prealbumin and RBP concentrations were significantly depressed in 9 patients with amyloidosis when compared with normal controls and unaffected kin. In addition, the mean RBP serum concentration of 21 offspring of the patients with amyloidosis was significantly depressed. A more significant finding was that on the basis of the serum RBP concentrations, the offspring could be divided into 2 distinct groups. One group represented approximately 50% of the children and had serum prealbumin and RBP concentrations not significantly different from their afflicted parents. The second group had serum prealbumin and RBP concentrations not significantly different from those of normal controls and non-affected kin. These findings show that prealbumin and RBP serum concentrations are depressed in patients with the Indiana type of hereditary amyloidosis and that these serum abnormalities may be present long before development of clinical disease. They suggest that individuals with this genetic abnormality may be identified prior to clinical expression of the disease.
Phosphoprotein phosphatase 1 (PP1) is a component of the isolated sea urchin mitotic apparatus

A protein component of isolated mitotic apparatus having a relative molecular mass of 62,000 (p62) is a substrate of a calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase, and the phosphorylation of p62 in vitro correlates directly with microtubule disassembly. In vivo experiments have determined the phosphorylation of p62 increases after fertilization; maximum incorporation of phosphate occurs during late metaphase/early anaphase and decreases thereafter. Because the level of p62 is constant throughout the cell cycle [Johnston and Sloboda, 1992: J. Cell Biol. 119:843–54] the decrease in phosphorylation of p62 observed after anaphase onset is most likely due to the action of a phosphatase. By examination of the relative amount of phosphorylated p62 which remained radiolabeled as a function of time using a standard in vitro phosphorylation assay, the activity of a phosphoprotein phosphatase capable of dephosphorylating p62 in the isolated mitotic apparatus was observed. To characterize the p62 phosphatase, okadaic acid and calyculin A were used to inhibit the dephosphorylation of p62 in vitro. It was found that specific concentrations of okadaic acid (50–500 nM) and of calyculin A (10–100 nM) were effective at inhibiting the dephosphorylation of p62 in vitro. Lower concentrations of either inhibitor had a negligible effect on dephosphorylation of p62. These data indicate the presence of phosphoprotein phosphatase type 1 activity associated with mitotic apparatus isolated from sea urchin embryos using the procedures described here. The implications of these findings relative to our understanding of the regulation of mitosis and cytokinesis are discussed. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
What predicts religiosity? A multinational analysis of reproductive and cooperative morals

Abstract Theories of the sources of contemporary individual differences in religiosity have been proposed involving religiosity's role both in (1) enhancing within-group cooperation and (2) supporting high-commitment reproductive strategies. The present study used data from 296,959 individuals in around 90 countries from the World Values Survey/European Values Study to test the relative strength of individual differences in cooperative morals and reproductive morals in predicting individual differences in religiosity. Cooperative morals tended not to predict religiosity either substantially or in a consistent direction across world regions when entered simultaneously with reproductive morals. In contrast, more-restrictive reproductive morals were significant predictors of increased religiosity in every region, with the size of the relationship being small in poorer regions and large in wealthier regions. These findings run counter to the view that religiosity has a fundamental connection with cooperative morals; instead, particularly in developed countries, individuals' relationships with religious groups are more closely aligned with reproductive strategies.
Survey of aspect mining case study software and benchmarks

Aspect mining is a growing area of research investigating the effective ways of finding crosscutting concerns in existing non-aspect oriented software. Once found, these concerns can be refactored into aspects, which in turn, reduce the system's complexity and make it easier to understand, maintain, and evolve. There are numerous studies that have defined new aspect mining techniques and used case studies to validate their results. This paper analyzes the aspect mining literature, gives a consolidated list of the case studies used for aspect mining validation, discusses weaknesses and strengths of these techniques, and identifies the base research which used it for validation. Based on this analysis, we conclude that there is a critical lack of standard benchmarks for aspect mining. This makes it difficult for new research to evaluate their techniques' quality through empirical validation and to reliably compare their results against other research.
Cloning and characterization of cDNAs encoding human proline oxidase, the enzyme deficient in type I hyperprolinemia. † 615

Cloning and characterization of cDNAs encoding human proline oxidase, the enzyme deficient in type I hyperprolinemia. † 615
Becoming Conscious in an Unconscious World: New Paradigm for Mental Health and Global Community

Hamlet, Shakespeare's Everyman, is used to describe how paying heed to disturbing emotions can be used as a starting point for ‘healing the soul’. With reference to the events of September 11 2001, the author explores how quick‐fix reactions are likely to bring only short‐term solutions, whereas resolving difficult problems requires a ‘blessed feeling of connectedness’ with deeper feelings.