cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
What makes a chronic pelvic pain patient satisfied

Purpose: Caring for women with chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is challenging. There have been few studies on what factors patients consider to be important when being treated for their pelvic pain. This study sought to identify the key factors of the health care visit that contribute to patient's overall satisfaction with their care in a CPP clinic. Materials and methods: Between January 2015 and December 2016, new patients visiting a tertiary care CPP clinic were recruited to complete a patient satisfaction survey. Inductive thematic analysis was performed on response data regarding important factors that impact patient satisfaction with their visit/care. Results: Five themes of patient satisfaction identified included: providers with a compassionate and caring attitude, being listened to, clear communication with collaboration when needed, quality time spent with patient, and having a plan of care with recommendations. The theme regarding provider's compassion and listening skills was the most frequently identified. Pain relief was seldom mentioned as a source of patient satisfaction. Conclusions: The data suggest that a focus on empathic communication may make a meaningful difference in meeting the needs of women with CPP as well as strengthening the provider/patient relationship.
Haymarket and the Rise of Syndicalism

This chapter will present a global survey of the evolution of anarchists’ views of, and participation in, workers’ movement and labour unions. The executions of the Haymarket Martyrs—Chicago anarchists involved in the 1886 strike movement in pursuit of the eight-hour workday and condemned to death in a controversial trial connected to a bomb thrown at police—marked a pivotal moment in this history. It provided both an example of anarchist labour militancy and a potent new international workers’ holiday in the form of May Day. The American strike movement of 1886 informed the development of syndicalist ideas in Europe, which in turn spread throughout the globe and intermixed with local traditions of labour radicalism. Synthesising the sizable body of literature on this topic, this chapter will (1) survey anarchist views of labour unions prior to Haymarket, (2) summarise the events of the Haymarket bombing and trial, (3) describe the influence of the Haymarket Martyrs on the development of syndicalism and creation of May Day, (4) trace the spread of anarcho-syndicalism from the 1890s to the 1910s, (5) provide an overview of anarchist debates over syndicalist organisation and tactics, and (6) review the subsequent evolution of anarcho-syndicalist ideas and organisations.
Elevating quality with manditory use of standard reporting guidelines.

The Editorial staff of The International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy (IJSPT) is dedicated to the review, critical appraisal, and publication of high quality scientific and clinical research, systematic reviews, meta‐analyses, and case reports. As IJSPT progresses through its' ninth year of providing high quality research evidence as well as relevant clinical commentary and suggestions for the international sports physical therapy community, we offer the following editorial. We, along with many other prestigious journals are committed to elevating the quality of published research related to disability and rehabilitation and agree to adherence to the following reporting guidelines, which will be required by IJSPT as of January 1, 2015. Many of these guidelines are all ready in place and have been implemented by IJSPT. This Editorial is a reprint of a previously published Editorial in The Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and is used with permission. (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2013.12.010) For citation purposes, please use the original publication details: Chan L, Heinemann AW, and Roberts J, Elevating the Quality of Disability and Rehabilitation Research: Mandatory use of the Reporting Guidelines. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2014: 95: 414‐417
Prolegomena zu einer Theorie der Sozialen Arbeit – ein selbstkritischer bis polemischer Essay

Der Titel des vorliegenden Essays wird, so vermutet der Autor, bei denjenigen Leserinnen, die in der Philosophie belesen sind, mitleidiges Lacheln hervorrufen, denn es handelt es sich um die Adaption eines beruhmten Buchtitels von Immanuel Kant aus dem Jahr 1783: „Prolegomena zu einer jeden kunftigen Metaphysik, die als Wissenschaft wird auftreten konnen“.
Lost Opportunities: The Underuse of Tax Whistleblowers

Legal literature on whistleblower programs often assumes an agency’s ability to effectively use a whistleblower tip. This article challenges that assumption in the context of tax enforcement by exposing the Internal Revenue Service’s under-performance. The article uses Fourth Amendment jurisprudence, taxpayer privacy law, as well as whistleblower and tax enforcement literature to propose a new approach to using information from tax whistleblowers.
Robust Adaptive Quadratic Programming and Safety Performance of Nonlinear Systems with Unstructured Uncertainties

This paper presents a robust optimal neuro-adaptive controller for nonlinear systems with unstructured uncertainties. This work is also the first step towards employing control barrier functions (CBFs) for such systems to create safety constraints in the presence of disturbances. The proposed controller consists of three parts: feedforward term, adaptive term, and optimal term. The unknown dynamics of the system are estimated by a joint neural network and concurrent learning adaptation mechanism (NNCL) to inform the adaptive term. The optimal term uses an online quadratic program (QP) formulated to generate the optimal signal while providing system stability via a control Lyapunov function (CLF). The CBFs and control bounds (CBs) constraints are incorporated into the QP structure to create safety conditions on the system and bound the control effort. A robust term robustifies the proposed controller to disturbances and uncancelled uncertainty. The end result is a QP-RCLBF-NNCL controller for which uniformly ultimately boundedness of all system signals is proven using Lyapunov synthesis. The proposed controller is validated on an inverted pendulum. Simulation results show that the controller achieves good tracking performance and model identification. Two safety tests are performed to show that the proposed controller is able to bound the control signal and velocity by their predefined values when a disturbance acts on the system.
Effects of negative emotion on neural correlates of item and source memory during encoding and retrieval.

Abstract The enhancing effect of emotion on item memory is well-established, but emotion’s influence on source memory has proven more elusive. Previous studies recording event-related potentials (ERPs) associated with memory encoding (Dms) and retrieval (old/new effects) showed an emotional enhancement of ERPs related to item memory, whereas ERPs related to source memory yielded contradictory results in the presence of emotion. The present study examined the influence of item emotionality on the neural correlates of memory encoding and retrieval for items and temporal source details. Participants studied negative and neutral pictures in two temporally distinct blocks and, 24 h later, were asked to recognize the studied pictures and the blocks in which they appeared. Our results showed that negative items were more often remembered, with or without source information, than neutral images. This finding of an overall memory advantage for negative images was confirmed by the Dm effects, which demonstrated significant and indistinguishable Dms for negative images remembered with or without source. Overall, Dm effects were greater for negative as compared to neutral images. In contrast to the behavioral and Dm results, an emotional enhancement of the source-related old/new effect was seen over the left hemisphere, suggesting that only negative (and not neutral) images retrieved with correct source were accompanied by memory for additional details. These results suggest that retrieval of temporal source information is not enhanced for negative images but that item emotionality could lead to an enhancement for the retrieval of additional details, contingent on retrieval of temporal source information.
An experimental study of anisotropic fatigue behavior of rolled AZ31B magnesium alloy

Abstract Material orientation effects on cyclic deformation and fatigue of a rolled AZ31B magnesium (Mg) alloy were experimentally studied. Monotonic tension, monotonic compression, and fully reversed strain-controlled tension-compression experiments were conducted using testing specimens taken from a rolled plate along five different directions with respect to the rolled direction (RD): 0 ° (RD), 22 . 5 ° , 45 ° , 67 . 5 ° , and 90 ° (ND). Fatigue lives range from few loading cycles to over 10 6 cycles. Significant anisotropy was observed in the monotonic and cyclic deformation behavior. Cyclic hardening was observed for all five orientations at a high strain amplitude. The strain-life curves of all the material orientations form a relatively narrow band. The strain-life curve obtained from each material orientation is characterized with two distinct kink points which are closely associated with the dominating plastic deformation mechanisms, fatigue properties, and fatigue cracking behavior. The RD specimens show the highest fatigue strength while the 45 ° specimens display the lowest fatigue strength among the five material orientations. A discussion is made on the unique deformation behavior of the 45 ° specimens.
Practice-enhancing publications about the medication-use process in 2018

Purpose This article identifies, prioritizes, and summarizes published literature on the medication-use process (MUP) from calendar year 2018 that can impact health-system pharmacy daily practice. The MUP is the foundational system that provides the framework for safe medication utilization within the healthcare environment. The MUP is defined in this article as having the following steps: prescribing/transcribing, dispensing, administration, and monitoring. Articles that evaluated one of the steps were gauged for their usefulness toward daily practice change. Summary A PubMed search was conducted in February 2019 for articles published in calendar year 2018 using targeted Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) keywords, targeted non-MeSH keywords, and the table of contents of selected pharmacy journals, providing a total of 43,977 articles. A thorough review identified 62 potentially significant articles: 9 for prescribing/transcribing, 12 for dispensing, 13 for administration, and 28 for monitoring. Ranking of the articles for importance by peers led to the selection of key articles from each category. The highest-ranked articles are briefly summarized, with a mention of why they are important within health-system pharmacy. The other articles are listed for further review and evaluation. Conclusion It is important to routinely review the published literature and to incorporate significant findings into daily practice. This article assists in identifying and summarizing recent impactful contributions to the MUP literature. Health-system pharmacists have an active role in improving the MUP in their institution, and awareness of significant published studies can assist in changing practice at the institutional level.
CHAPTER 10 – Mineral Nutrition

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the mineral nutrients that are essential for plant growth and the effects caused by their deficiency. Mineral nutrient deficiencies are common and often limit the growth of woody plants. Elements essential for growth include macronutrients such as N, P, Ca, Mg, S, and micronutrients such as Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B, Mo, Ni, and Cl. Mineral nutrients are important as constituents of plant tissues, catalysts, osmotic regulators, constituents of buffer systems, and regulators of membrane permeability. Mineral deficiencies inhibit vegetative and reproductive growth by causing changes in physiological processes. Visible symptoms of mineral deficiency include chlorosis, leaf necrosis, rosetting, bark lesions, and excessive gum formation. The amounts of mineral nutrients in woody plants vary with species and genotype, site, season, and in different parts of the same plant. Furthermore, absorption of nutrients by plants involves movement of ions from the soil to root surfaces by diffusion and mass flow, ion accumulation in root cells, radial movement of ions from root surfaces into the xylem, and translocation of ions from roots to shoots. Absorption of ions by roots occurs by passive movement through the apoplast followed by active absorption through the plasmalemmas of epidermal and cortical cells. Active uptake on nutrient ions is complex and involves numerous membrane proteins that variously function as pumps, carriers, and channels. The amounts and kinds of ions absorbed by roots are influenced by mycorrhizae and also vary with plant species and genotype, soil fertility, soil moisture supply including drought and flooding, and root metabolism.
A Thermosensitive, Phase-Variable Epigenetic Switch: pap Revisited

It has been more than a decade since the last comprehensive review of the phase-variable uropathogen-associated pyelonephritis-associated pilus (pap) genetic switch. Since then, important data have come to light, including additional factors that regulate pap expression, better characterization of H-NS regulation, the structure of the Lrp octamer in complex with pap regulatory DNA, the temperature-insensitive phenotype of a mutant lacking the acetyltransferase RimJ, evidence that key components of the regulatory machinery are acetylated, and new insights into the role of DNA binding by key regulators in shaping both the physical structure and regulatory state of the papI and papBA promoters. This review revisits pap, integrating these newer observations with older ones to produce a new model for the concerted behavior of this virulence-regulatory region.
Abstract 16898: Clinical Implementation of Pharmacogenomics Testing to Guide P2Y12 Inhibitor Use in Older Adults With Acute Coronary Syndrome: Insights From a Prospective Pilot Study

Introduction: CYP2C19 testing is a known pharmacogenomics application to identify patients who can activate clopidogrel. Evidence-based guidelines now support second generation P2Y12 inhibitors ove...
A 150-kW 99% Efficient All Silicon Carbide Triple-Active-Bridge Converter for Solar-Plus-Storage Systems

Solar-plus-storage systems could effectively mitigate uncertainties of the photovoltaic (PV) generation and improve system reliability by adding an integrated battery energy storage system. As a three-port bidirectional isolated dc-dc converter with soft-switching capability, the triple-active-bridge (TAB) converter inherently match the requirements of the solar-plus-storage system. However, challenges still remain in the TAB converter design to further improve the system efficiency. In this paper, the detailed design, implementation, and demonstration for a silicon carbide (SiC) 150-kW TAB converter are presented. Starting from a brief review of the TAB converter, the modulation scheme, power characteristics, and soft-switching region are analyzed. Then, the detailed design of the H-bridge converter building block is given. To improve the system efficiency, a comprehensive characterization of the SiC gate driver with various external gate resistances is performed to address tradeoffs between switching loss and voltage overshoot during transients, as well as the thermal performance of the H-bridge building block. In addition, the design and characterization for the 20-kHz three-port transformer are also given. Comprehensive experimental studies are conducted on a full-power prototype to verify the proposed design. With a measured 99.1% peak efficiency, the proposed TAB converter can fulfill the requirements for solar-plus-storage applications.
Rejuvenation of Aged Human Skin by Injection of Cross-linked Hyaluronic Acid.

Background Dermal injection of chemically cross-linked hyaluronic acid (CL-HA) is a common procedure to smooth wrinkles and add fullness to the face. Due to its physical properties, CL-HA both fills space and exerts mechanical forces within the dermis. Dermal fibroblasts produce the collagen-rich extracellular matrix (ECM), which comprises the bulk of skin. Attachment to the ECM allows fibroblasts to achieve a stretched, morphology, which confers a functional phenotype that maintains collagen production. In aged/photoaged skin, collagen fibril fragmentation impairs fibroblast attachment, resulting in a collapsed morphology and reduced collagen production. This article describes investigations of the impact of CL-HA injection on fibroblast morphology and function in the aged/photoaged human skin. Methods Fifty-three subjects, age 70 years or older, received a single injection of saline (vehicle control) and CL-HA (0.5 ml each) in separate adjacent skin sites on photodamaged forearm or sun-protected buttock skin. Full-thickness punch biopsies were obtained from injected skin sites at various times and analyzed for molecular and cellular changes. Results Injected CL-HA forms discreet pockets that localize to areas of the dermis that contain fragmented, loosely organized collagen fibrils. These CL-HA pockets fill space and apply mechanical forces on adjacent ECM that induce stretching of fibroblasts. This stretching is associated with increased collagen gene expression and deposition of mature collagen fibril bundles, which resemble those observed in young skin. Conclusions CL-HA injected into aged/photoaged human dermis acts by both filling space and inducing production of collagen by dermal fibroblasts. Deposition of mature collagen, which remains in the skin for decades, likely confers long-term benefits. Reduced collagen production in aged/photoaged skin is an adaptive response of fibroblasts to ECM fragmentation, rather than inherent cellular aging mechanisms.
The importance of geologic structure and stratigraphy to cliff morphology and erosion along the northern Monterey Bay Coastline, Central California

Coasts are among the most diverse environments on the Earth’s surface and are unique in being affected by the convergence of terrestrial, marine and atmospheric processes. The morphology of each in...
Chapter 13: Like a Lollipop: Toxic Masculinity and Female Sexual Pleasure in Hip-Hop

In May 2018, an old interview resurfaced with DJ Khaled in The Breakfast Club, a popular morning radio show. In this interview, he mentioned that he does not perform cunnilingus on his wife, repeatedly stating, “I don’t do that” and explained “[there are] different rules for men.” Although depictions of oral sex are rampant in hip hop, most focus on fellatio in heterosexual relationships. Narratives are shifting both in society and within hip hop regarding female sexuality and cunnilingus, particularly with the influx of female rappers and sex positive lyricism. This chapter aims to examine the evolution of sexual scripts surrounding cunnilingus in hip hop from a sex positive framework and evaluates how toxic masculinity and misogyny negatively affect sex positive sexual scripts.
Concert-Efficient runtime support for concurrent object-oriented programming languages on stock hardware

Inefficient implementations of global namespaces, message passing, and thread scheduling on stock multicomputers have prevented concurrent object-oriented programming (COOP) languages from gaining widespread acceptance. Recognizing that the architectures of stock multicomputers impose a hierarchy of costs for these operations, the authors describe a runtime system which provides different versions of each primitive, exposing performance distinctions for optimization. They confirm the advantages of a cost-hierarchy based runtime system organization by showing a variation of two orders of magnitude in version costs for a CM5 implementation. Frequency measurements based on COOP application programs demonstrate that a 39% invocation cost reduction is feasible by simply selecting cheaper versions of runtime operations.
Creating Project-Based Learning for Online Art Classrooms.

Project-based learning (PBL) is considered an engaging and promising pedagogy across diverse disciplines and student populations in the United States in the digital age. Research on PBL in online environments and in the field of art has, however, been limited. Thus, the purpose of the current study was to examine the theoretical grounds of PBL and analyze its pedagogical features and application. Of specific interest is Krajcik and Shin’s (2014) PBL model, which includes six pedagogical features: asking driving questions, emphasizing learning goals, fostering authentic practice, enhancing collaboration, learning with technology, and creating artifacts. An account of a qualitative descriptive pilot study conducted in an undergraduate online art course further explicates the application of this PBL model. The pilot study accentuates ways to create an online PBL art classroom and illustrates students performing PBL through their arts-based research projects. Reflection on pedagogical recommendations and the challenges of implementing PBL in the online art classroom concludes the study.
Effect of stand-off distance on “counterjet” and high impact pressure by a numerical study of laser-induced cavitation bubble near a wall

Abstract In experiments of the collapse and rebound of a laser-produced cavitation bubble near a wall, a so-called “counterjet”, i.e., a jet in the direction away from the bubble and the wall, was typically observed during the rebound phase for a certain range of stand-off distances. It was previously suggested that a mechanism for the formation of the counterjet might be cavitation inception that follows the self-penetration of the jet torus shock wave. Numerical simulations in the current work show that this counterjet may in fact be part of the bubble spiral trailing behind the main part as the bubble is distorted by the ring vortex and becomes toroidal in shape after the initial collapse. Since the spiral is trailing behind the main bubble, it appears to be a jet in the direction away from the bubble and the wall, giving the impression of the formation of a counterjet. However, the simulations show that the velocities in the spiral are also towards the wall. The effects of phase transition on various aspects of bubble collapse dynamics are also examined. It is found that the experimental bubble-wall distance evolution can only be better captured through the inclusion of phase transition modeling. Without phase transition, the bubble-wall distance history in the simulations diverges from the experimental one upon the first collapse. After these validations, the effects of stand-off distance on the impact pressure are studied systematically with results compared with experiments. It is found that the largest impact pressures can be as high as 1–2 GPa as a result of the strong focus of a nearly spherical shock onto the symmetry axis and along the wall that occurs when the stand-off distances are low with H o / R o 0.1 . The impact pressure of ∼ 0.1 GPa at H o / R o 0.7 on the other hand is found to be the result of the focus of the ring-vortex-focusing shock onto the symmetry axis. Both the magnitude of the impact pressure and the respective stand-off distance range are consistent with previous experimental results.
The PshX subunit of the photochemical reaction center from Heliobacterium modesticaldum acts as a low-energy antenna

The anoxygenic phototrophic bacterium Heliobacterium modesticaldum contains a photochemical reaction center protein complex (called the HbRC) consisting of a homodimer of the PshA polypeptide and two copies of a newly discovered polypeptide called PshX, which is a single transmembrane helix that binds two bacteriochlorophyll g molecules. To assess the function of PshX, we produced a ∆pshX strain of Hbt. modesticaldum by leveraging the endogenous Hbt. modesticaldum Type I-A CRISPR-Cas system to aid in mutant selection. We optimized this system by separating the homologous recombination and CRISPR-based selection steps into two plasmid transformations, allowing for markerless gene replacement. Fluorescence and low-temperature absorbance of the purified HbRC from the wild-type and ∆pshX strains showed that the bacteriochlorophylls bound by PshX have the lowest site energies in the entire HbRC. This indicates that PshX acts as a low-energy antenna subunit, participating in entropy-assisted uphill energy transfer toward the P800 special bacteriochlorophyll g pair. We further discuss the role that PshX may play in stability of the HbRC, its conservation in other heliobacterial species, and the evolutionary pressure to produce and maintain single-TMH subunits in similar locations in other reaction centers.
Design and Simulation of a Relativistic S-Band Inverted Magnetron

A Giga-Watt class Inverted relativistic Magnetron Oscillator (IMO) was designed and simulated using the massively parallel electromagnetic particle-in-cell code ICEPIC and scaling/redesign of an existing L-Band IMO. The IMO presented here is designed to operate in S-Band at low magnetic fields $(\mathrm{B}\sim 0.13\mathrm{T})$. An axial RF power extraction method is employed. This technique eliminates the need for waveguide combiners, mode conversion apparatus, and complex radiating structures. ICEPIC simulations confirm that the above features combined with the IMO’s stable, robust and reliable performance in the desired mode yield a Giga-Watt class HPM source notable for its size and absence of downstream current loss.
Outcomes of distal versus conventional transradial access for coronary angiography and intervention: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Introduction Distal transradial artery access (DTRA) has recently gained attention due to potential benefits in terms of local complications. In this meta-analysis, we aimed to evaluate the utility of DTRA compared to conventional transradial artery access (CTRA) for coronary angiography and intervention. Method Multiple databases were searched from inception through May 2021 for all the studies that evaluated the efficacy and safety of DTRA in the coronary field. The primary outcome was the access success rate. The secondary outcomes were periprocedural local complications (site hematoma, radial artery occlusion, and spasm) and procedural characteristics (cannulation, fluoroscopy, procedure, and radial artery compression times). All meta-analyses were conducted using a random-effect model. Results A total of 12 studies (including four randomized control trials) with 1634 patients who underwent DTRA vs. 1657 with CTRA were included in the final analysis. The access success rate was similar between the two groups (odds ratio (OR):0.62; 95% confidence interval (CI):0.30–1.26; P = 0.18; I2 = 61%). DTRA was associated with a statistically significant lower rate of radial artery occlusion (OR:0.36; 95% CI: 0.22–0.59; P Conclusions Our meta-analysis demonstrates that the DTRA is effective and safe with superiority in preventing radial artery occlusion when compared to CTRA.
Effect of Tafamidis on Serum Transthyretin Levels in Non-Trial Patients With Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy.

Abstract Background Transthyretin amyloid (ATTR) cardiomyopathy is slowed by tafamidis, which stabilizes the TTR molecule and reduces the formation of amyloidogenic oligomers. Stabilizers in clinic...
Why the maternal brain

In the rat, the change from a virgin/nulliparous female to the maternal animal takes place at many levels. A subtle developmental wave washes over the female nervous system and transforms her from largely self-centred to offspring-directed, from personal care and protection to care of genetically-related offspring, from indifference to ardour. Such change is preceded by substantial and apparently permanent neural alterations, the depth of which results in the maternal brain, and is the basis of the present review. The neuroplasticity of pregnancy, inherent to the female brain and, we believe, representative of the full expression of the female nervous system's capacity, is a result of significant hormonal and other neurochemical actions. It results in the striking brain changes that are associated with, and necessary for, successful reproduction. We discuss some of these changes and their ramifications. Collectively, they represent the culmination of mammalian evolution and have led to the development of the social brain characteristic of higher orders of mammal, including the human. We also examine different facets of the maternal brain, beginning with a review of the genes involved in maternal behaviour, and in the subsequent 'expression' of the maternal brain. We next discuss olfaction and the manner in which this major sense draws from the rich sensory milieu of the mother to regulate and support maternal behaviour. Last, we discuss the 'whys' of maternal behaviour, a theoretical foray into the reasons for such substantial maternal brain alterations. We focus on the male's potential role as the raison d'etre for the manifest alterations in his mate's brain. In the end, it is clear that the female brain undergoes a significant reorganisation en route to motherhood, the results of which are deep and enduring.
Neutron radiography with a Van de Graaff accelerator for aerospace applications

The objective of this effort was to develop a thermal neutron radiography capability based on a 3-Mev Van de Graaff research accelerator, and to apply it to company-related aerospace inspection problems. The research conducted for determining an efficient system design, its final design features, and radiography beam specifications are explained. An example of its use in providing inspection information for the design of a space vehicle heat pipe system is presented.
The future of communities, buildings and building systems : An outline of major topics

Abstract This article is a synopsis of forces which may lead to change in architecture, the nature of the building industry, building technologies and the quality of our built environment. The article outlines issues, developments and ideas which collectively may provide a vision of the future of buildings and an agenda for research and development.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid Replication in Simian Virus 40-Infected Cells IV. Two Different Requirements for Protein Synthesis During Simian Virus 40 Deoxyribonucleic Acid Replication

Abstract The replication of simian virus 40 (SV40) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was inhibited by 99% 2 hr after the addition of cycloheximide to SV40-infected primary African green monkey kidney cells. The levels of 25S (replicating) and 21S (mature) SV40 DNA synthesized after cycloheximide treatment were always lower than those observed in an infected untreated control culture. This is consistent with a requirement for a protein(s) or for protein synthesis at the initiation step in SV40 DNA replication. The relative proportion of 25S DNA as compared with 21S viral DNA increased with increasing time after cycloheximide treatment. Removal of cycloheximide from inhibited cultures allowed the recovery of viral DNA synthesis to normal levels within 3 hr. During the recovery period, the ratio of 25S DNA to 21S DNA was 10 times higher than that observed after a 30-min pulse with 3H-thymidine with an infected untreated control culture. The accumulation of 25S replicating SV40 DNA during cycloheximide inhibition or shortly after its removal is interpreted to mean that a protein(s) or protein synthesis is required to convert the 25S replicating DNA to 21S mature viral DNA. Further evidence of a requirement for protein synthesis in the 25S to 21S conversion was obtained by comparing the rate of this conversion in growing and resting cells. The conversion of 25S DNA to 21S DNA took place at a faster rate in infected growing cells than in infected confluent monolayer cultures. A temperature-sensitive SV40 coat protein mutation (large-plaque SV40) had no effect on the replication of SV40 DNA at the nonpermissive temperature.
The fine structure of adipose tissues

The sections in this article are: 1 Light Microscopy of Adipose Tissues 1.1 Brown and White Adipose Tissue Organization 1.2 Histology of the White Adipose Cell 1.3 Histology of the Brown Adipose Cell 1.4 Histochemistry of Brown and White Adipose Tissues 1.5 Similarity of the Morphology of Developing White Fat and Brown Fat 2 Electron Microscopy of Adipose Tissues 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Materials and Methods 2.3 Differentiated White Adipose Cells 2.4 Differentiated Brown Adipose Cells 2.5 Experimentally Altered Brown Adipose Tissue 2.6 Differentiating White Adipose Cells 2.7 Persistent Differentiation of White Adipose Tissue 2.8 Transport of Particulate Lipid; Sites of Lipolysis or Lipogenesis 3 Summary
Postoperative radiotherapy for elderly patients with stage III lung cancer

BACKGROUND: The potential role of postoperative radiation therapy (PORT) for patients who have completely resected, stage III nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with N2 disease remains controversial. By using population-based data, the authors of this report compared the survival of a concurrent cohort of elderly patients who had N2 disease treated with and without PORT. METHODS: By using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry linked to Medicare records, 1307 patients were identified who had stage III NSCLC with N2 lymph node involvement diagnosed between 1992 and 2005. Propensity scoring methods and instrumental variable analysis were used to compare the survival of patients who did and did not receive PORT after controlling for selection bias. RESULTS: Overall, 710 patients (54%) received PORT. Propensity score analysis indicated that PORT was not associated with improved survival in patients with N2 disease (hazard ratio [HR], 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97-1.27). Analyses that were limited to patients who did or did not receive chemotherapy, who received intermediate-complexity or high-complexity radiotherapy planning, or adjusted for time trends produced similar results. The instrumental variable estimator for the absolute improvement in 1-year and 3-year survival with PORT was −0.04 (95% CI, −0.15 to 0.08) and −0.08 (95% CI, −0.24 to 0.15), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The current data suggested that PORT is not associated with improved survival for elderly patients with N2 disease. These findings have important clinical implications, because SEER data indicate that a large percentage of elderly patients currently receive PORT despite the lack of definitive evidence about its effectiveness. The potential effectiveness of PORT should be evaluated further in randomized controlled trials. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Ligand‐Binding Residue Prediction

In this chapter, we explore means for predicting protein residues that interact with small molecules. We will motivate the problem by describing potential uses for such information and proceed to discuss methods advanced for prediction. We describe our sequence-based approach and contrast it with another current methodwhich relies on predicted protein structure to help identify ligand-binding residues. In the last part of the chapter, we employ sequence-based predictions in a homology modeling task which shows that the predictions are presently accurate enough to improve downstream performance.
MR of the paranasal sinuses

The purpose of this project was to examine the anatomy and pathology of the paranasal sinuses as seen by MR imaging. This was accomplished through correlations of MR images of normal volunteers with matched cadaver whole organ cryosections. The information obtained by MRI was compared to that of plain films and CT in the detection of a variety of conditions affecting the paranasal sinuses. The majority of the pathological processes could be quite adequately imaged by T1 weighted pulsing sequences. When more tissue specific information was required in some infiltrating malignant lesions, T2 weighting pulsing sequences are quite helpful for tumors that crossed the subarachnoid space into the central nervous system or in characterizing tissues in airless sinuses. Other than the single case of osteoid osteoma where X-ray studies were superior, magnetic resonance provided equal or superior information to the X-ray examinations.
Abstract 2013: NEDD9 depletion leads to MMP14 inactivation by TIMP2 and prevents invasion and metastasis

The scaffolding protein NEDD9 is an established pro-metastatic marker in several cancers. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms of NEDD9 driven metastasis in cancers remain ill defined. Here, using a comprehensive breast cancer (BCa) tissue microarray, we show that increased levels of NEDD9 protein significantly correlated with the transition from carcinoma in situ to invasive carcinoma. NEDD9 expression is crucial for the mesenchymal invasion of cancer cells at the primary site but not at the metastatic site. Depletion of NEDD9 is sufficient to suppress invasion, leading to decrease in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and lung metastases in xenograft models. Mechanistically, NEDD9 localizes to invasive pseudopods and is required for local matrix degradation via regulation of MMP14 trafficking. Depletion of NEDD9 impaired invasion of cancer cells through inactivation of MMP14 by excess TIMP2 on the cell surface. Re-expression of NEDD9 is sufficient to restore the activity of MMP14 and the invasive properties of BCa cells. Collectively, these findings uncover critical steps in invasion of BCa cells with potential strategy to target metastasis through manipulation of NEDD9. Citation Format: Elena N. Pugacheva, Sarah McLaughlin, Ryan Ice, Anuradha Rajulapati, Polina Kozyulina, Ryan Livengood, Varvara Kozyreva, Yuriy Loskutov, Alexey Ivanov, Scott Weed. NEDD9 depletion leads to MMP14 inactivation by TIMP2 and prevents invasion and metastasis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2013. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2013
Why Do They Tweet? The Use of Twitter by U.S. Senate Candidates in 2010

Recently, pundits and scholars have suggested that social network sites (SNSs) have fundamentally changed political campaigns. While SNSs may certainly have changed how information flows between citizens, activists and political elites, candidates still use SNSs to fulfill their electoral goals. Therefore, this paper explores Twitter use by Senate candidates in the weeks prior to the 2010 Midterm Election in an effort to determine what leads to use of SNSs during campaigns. The central findings of this paper are: 1) candidates tweet and spend money more when in competitive electoral setting, which suggest in both cases that resources are allocated strategically, and 2) outcomes are not influenced by the allocation of resources in one universal way. Different resources may have different influences on important electoral outcomes.
Multidatabase systems : an advanced concept in handling distributed data

Publisher Summary Multidatabases integrate the data from preexisting, heterogeneous local databases into a distributed environment, and present global users with transparent methods to use the total information in the system. This chapter describes the taxonomy of global information-sharing systems, multidatabase issues, multidatabse design choices, analysis of existing multidatabase systems, and the position of multidatabase systems in the taxonomy. Multidatabase language systems have no constraints on system size, but the tradeoff for achieving this is a multiple-data-source user paradigm and a more complex user interface. Multidatabase issues, such as site autonomy, differences in data representation, and concurrency control are also discussed in the chapter. Site autonomy is a major strength of multidatabases, yet it is also a major constraint on the global system design. Differences in data representation are many and varied, and resolving these differences is a major concern of the global system design. Global updates are a major current restriction in many systems, and the focus of much current research. To make multidatabase systems more useful and efficient, some deficiencies in existing prototypes must be resolved before they can evolve into commercial products, such as global concurrency control, global security, maintenance and administration, and error control and recovery. Multidatabase systems should begin to have a larger impact in the information-processing world as more powerful systems to become generally available in the near future.
Conceptualizing English academic writing via verbal and manual metaphors

Abstract As a powerful cognitive tool, metaphor is used in the educational setting to simplify abstract knowledge for learners. Gesture, the material carrier of thought, can represent abstract concepts in a visual mode. Speakers tend to draw on multimodal resources to make use of both verbal and manual metaphors for expository purpose. This article analyzes metaphorical expressions and gestures of four ESL (English as Second Language) composition instructors to probe how both verbal and manual metaphors are used in the educational discourse to concretize abstract concepts of EAP writing (English for Academic Purpose) to second language writers. Gestures are significant in comprehending the metaphorical sense of verbal utterances
"Just Business": 1970s Management Paternalism and Failed Service Sector Unionization

The 1970s was a period when Canadian workplaces changed significantly. High inflation, wage controls, generational difference, and electoral politics led workers to either considering unionization or to exercise their rights as union members to push for better working conditions. Indeed, in October 1976, the Canadian labour movement mounted a one day protest that was the closest thing to a general strike in the post-World War II decades. These developments occurred as service sector employment flourished across the country. The mid-1970s were also years when employers in both Canada and the United States showed increasing willingness to challenge the right of workers to organize and form unions.1 We know much about the nature of the post-war labour relations system from work done by various authors on the increased hostility shown by both the state and capital toward labour beginning in the 1970s. The labour relations system was in many ways focused on manufacturing industries, and analyses of those industries have generally addressed unionized workers and their employers. There have been fewer analyses of non-unionized workplaces and occupations. Research on labour-management relations in North America in the post-war period has often looked at workplace conflict from the perspective of workers rather than management. Some employers were more hostile toward labour than others, and some went to great lengths to avoid
Genotyping Error Detection Through Tightly Linked Markers

The identification of genotyping errors is an important issue in mapping complex disease genes. Although it is common practice to genotype multiple markers in a candidate region in genetic studies, the potential benefit of jointly analyzing multiple markers to detect genotyping errors has not been investigated. In this article, we discuss genotyping error detections for a set of tightly linked markers in nuclear families, and the objective is to identify families likely to have genotyping errors at one or more markers. We make use of the fact that recombination is a very unlikely event among these markers. We first show that, with family trios, no extra information can be gained by jointly analyzing markers if no phase information is available, and error detection rates are usually low if Mendelian consistency is used as the only standard for checking errors. However, for nuclear families with more than one child, error detection rates can be greatly increased with the consideration of more markers. Error detection rates also increase with the number of children in each family. Because families displaying Mendelian consistency may still have genotyping errors, we calculate the probability that a family displaying Mendelian consistency has correct genotypes. These probabilities can help identify families that, although showing Mendelian consistency, may have genotyping errors. In addition, we examine the benefit of available haplotype frequencies in the general population on genotyping error detections. We show that both error detection rates and the probability that an observed family displaying Mendelian consistency has correct genotypes can be greatly increased when such additional information is available.
Resort camping in America

Abstract Changes in American camping over the past three decades have yielded more than 500 large, recreational vehicle-oriented, commercial campgrounds operating primarily as camping resorts for vacationers, weekenders, and migratory retirees. Rich in amenities, these campground towns are especially abundant in heavily populated states, near tourist attractions, and in locales with warm and sunny winter climates. Most are in Florida, Arizona, Texas, Ohio, and California. This study showed that campground towns located in the South Carolina Grand Strand coastal resort region are complex, with numerous recreation-related amenities. This study also suggests an increasingly important role for campground towns as RV camping grows more popular.
Regulation of the NALCN Sodium Leak Channel by Neuropeptides

Several neurotransmitters act through G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) to evoke a “slow” excitation of neurons. These include peptides, such as substance P (SP) and neurotensin (NT), as well as acetylcholine and noradrenaline. Unlike the fast (∼ ms) ionotropic actions of small molecule neurotransmitters, the slow excitation is poorly understood at the molecular level, but can be mainly attributed to suppressing K+ currents and/or activating a non-selective cation channel. Several K+ channels, including members in the KV7 subfamily, are inhibited by the neurotransmitters in a G protein-dependent fashion. The molecular identity of the cation channel has yet to be determined; similarly how the channel is activated and its relative contribution to neuronal excitability induced by the neuropeptides are unknown. We show that, in the hippocampal and ventral tegmental area neurons, SP and NT activate the voltage-independent Na+-leak channel NALCN, a unique member in the 4×6TM channel family that also includes the voltage-gated Ca2+ (CaV) and Na+ (NaV) channels. The activation by SP through NK1R (a GPCR receptor for SP) is not blocked by the non-hydrolyzable GTP or GDP analogs. These findings identify NALCN as the cation channel activated by SP receptor, and suggest that a G protein-independent mechanism is involved in the coupling from receptor to channel.
Towards an interoperable online volunteered geographic information system for disaster response

Although volunteered geographic information (VGI) (voluntarily provided crowd-sourcing spatial data) applications have proven to be useful for gathering information about a crisis, these applications have provided only limited utilities for response coordination. One major problem of existing implemented VGI systems is heterogeneous data semantics. To provide more utilities to disaster response, a VGI system that can encode data semantics is needed. The objective of this research is to propose such a VGI system based on the state-of-the-art Geospatial Semantic Web technologies. A prototype for disaster response in Connecticut was implemented. Although there are still issues waiting for further studies, the implemented prototype shows great promise.