cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Psychological response of patients with acute leukemia to germ-free environments.

Fifty-two patients under chemotherapeutic treatment for relapse of acute leukemia were studied for psychological response and adaptation to isolation in “germ-free” or laminar air-flow rooms. Psychological assessment was obtained by use of a rating scale based on nurses' observations, a forced-choice questionnaire, clinical record, and diaries kept by patients in the units. Patients in general adapted to the protected environment and maintained their psychological stability over time. This related in part to receiving intensive and individualized nursing care in a special unit, which contributed to a feeling of security. Mental symptoms described as occurring with sensory deprivation or isolation were not observed. Psychological status was most strongly influenced by physical status. Emotional stability was generally maintained until severe illness developed. Often delirium appeared in the terminal stage of illness, as well as anxiety and depressive symptoms. Patients described the most significant psychological deprivation resulting from the isolated environment as being the loss of the ability to touch or be touched by others. The loss of human physical contact generated feelings of loneliness, from mild to pronounced, in 30% of patients by their own report, but up to 75% as rated by the nurses. Frustration, a sense of coldness, and a lack of emotional warmth with distance from others were described. A technique is presented of systematic observation and assessment of behavior by medical nurses, which allowed a quantitative and continuous psychological evaluation of patients in a stressful hospital environment. Cancer 40:871–879, 1977.
New Historical Data on the Origin of the Theory of Continental Drift

Examination of the original texts of Francis Bacon's Novum Organum (1620) and of Francois Placet's La corruption du grand et petit monde (1668) shows, that contrary to common belief, these two authors should not be considered as forerunners of the theory of continental drift; this conclusion also applies to A. von Humboldt (1801). A. Snider, in La Creation et ses Mysteres devoiles (1858), is the first naturalist who has unequivocally postulated and illustrated a juxtaposition and drifting of the continents as Taylor and Wegener did in the twentieth century.
A lectin histochemical study of the thoracic respiratory air sacs of the fowl

The lectin-binding characteristics of the epithelial lining of the thoracic air sacs of the chicken were determined. Con A, LCA and PSA bound to the apical membrane as well as to the cytoplasm distal to the nucleus of the surface epithelium, indicated the presence of a-linked mannose as well as N-acetylchitobiose-linked alpha-fucose residues in the glycoproteins. GSL I bound to the apical membrane and cytoplasm distal to the nucleus, but not to the cilia of the epithelium, where-as MPL, DBA and RCA120 bound to the apical membrane, cilia and cytoplasm, indicated the presence of a-linked N-acetylgalactosamine residues. However, neither SJA or SBA showed any binding, indicating the absence of beta anomers of galactosyl (beta1.3)N-acetylgalactosamine and beta-linked N-acetylgalactosamine residues. UEA I bound to the apical membrane and cilia, as well as to the cytoplasm of a few cells, indicated the presence of alpha-linked fucose residues. PNA bound to the apical membrane of some, but not all, surface epithelium cells, indicated the presence of galactosyl (beta1.3)N-acetylgalactosamine residues. WGA bound to the apical membrane and cilia, as well as to the cytoplasm of a few cells, indicated the presence of neuraminic acid residues.
Russell on Logicism and Coherence

According to Quine, Charles Parsons, Mark Steiner, and others, Russell’s logicist project is important because, if successful, it would show that mathematical theorems possess desirable epistemic properties often attributed to logical theorems, such as aprioricity, necessity, and certainty. Unfortunately, Russell never attributed such importance to logicism, and such a thesis contradicts Russell’s explicitly stated views on the relationship between logic and mathematics. This raises the question: what did Russell understand to be the philosophical importance of logicism? Building on recent work by Andrew Irvine and Martin Godwyn, I argue that Russell thought a systematic reduction of mathematics increases the certainty of known mathematical theorems (even basic arithmetical facts) by showing mathematical knowledge to be coherently organized. The paper outlines Russell’s theory of coherence, and discusses its relevance to logicism and the certainty attributed to mathematics.
An array of possibilities for the study of autoimmunity

Since the completion of the sequencing of the human genome, scientific focus has shifted from studying genes to analysing the much larger number of proteins encoded by them. Several proteins can be generated from a single gene depending on how the genetic information is read (transcribed) and how the resultant protein is modified following translation (post-translational modification). Genomic and proteomic technologies are already providing useful information about autoimmune disease, and they are likely to lead to important discoveries within the next decade.
Continuity of optima

Abstract Sufficient, but not necessary, conditions for continuity of a maximum function are provided by the Maximum Theorem. This paper provides necessary and sufficient conditions that can be used to check continuity of a maximum function, and demonstrates the conditions for a cost minimization problem.
Comparison of postoperative cardiopulmonary examinations and chest radiographs to detect pulmonary complications after adult tracheotomy

Abstract Objective: To prospectively evaluate the effectiveness of clinical cardiopulmonary examination compared with that of chest radiography in detecting postoperative pulmonary complications after tracheotomy in adults. Methods: One hundred consecutive patients undergoing tracheotomy were evaluated. Pulmonary complications were recorded, and the effectiveness of the physical examination was compared with that of the chest x-ray in detecting these complications. Patient age, sex, diagnosis, urgency of the procedure, and anesthetic technique were evaluated to determine any relationship to postoperative complications. Results: Of the 100 patients, 87 patients underwent postoperative chest radiography, and all patients had postoperative cardiopulmonary examinations. One patient (1%) had a bilateral pneumothorax, which was detected clinically and confirmed by a chest radiograph. Five patients had postoperative pulmonary edema confirmed by clinical examination and radiography. Additional minor complications were noted, including minor bleeding and stomal infection, for an overall complication rate of 13%. Conclusions: All postoperative pulmonary complications were detected by physical examination. Therefore routine postoperative chest radiographs in uncomplicated tracheotomies are not necessary if a thorough postoperative cardiopulmonary examination is performed. Cost analysis reveals a savings of approximately $19,000 with the proposed criteria for postoperative chest x-ray. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999;121:274-6.)
Discrete-time signal processing with DNA.

We present a methodology for implementing discrete-time signal processing operations, such as filtering, with molecular reactions. The reactions produce time-varying output quantities of molecules as a function of time-varying input quantities according to a functional specification. This computation is robust and independent of the reaction rates, provided that the rate constants fall within coarse categories. We describe two approaches: one entails synchronization with a clock signal, implemented through sustained chemical oscillations; the other is “self-timed” or asynchronous. We illustrate the methodology by synthesizing a simple moving-average filter, a biquad filter, and a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). Abstract molecular reactions for these filters and transforms are translated into DNA strand displacement reactions. The computation is validated through mass-action simulations of the DNA kinetics. Although a proof of concept for the time being, molecular filters and transforms have potential applic...
Tests of the Specification of Univariate and Bivariate Ordered Probit

This note presents tests of the specification of univariate and bivariate ordered probit. The test is sensitive to deviations from either normality or the exogeneity of the explanatory variables. As an example, the ownership of dogs and televisions, both sources of time-intensive entertainment, is studied. The specification for dogs is not rejected, the specification for televisions is rejected at the 2.0% level, and the specification of both together is rejected at the 1.3% level.
The biologic consequences of the immediate type hypersensitivity transferred from man to monkey.

The model of human hypersensitivity using nonhuman primates passively sensitized by human allergic sera was investigated to evaluate certain physiologic, electrocardiographic, routine light and electron microscopic changes, and immunologic alterations. Varying types of conduction defects and ischemic electrocardiographic patterns occurred during anaphylaxis following a fall in systemic pressure and an occasional marked increase in pulmonary artery pressure. A series of immunologic studies demonstrated reactions which detected the presence of human antibody in the sensitized recipients.
Calcium and the regulation of mitotic events

Abstract Localized increases in the concentration of free cytosolic calcium have been observed during the metaphase-anaphase transition of mitosis. These increases, along with the activity of calmodulin, may regulate local depolymerization of microtubules during anaphase and thereby facilitate or drive chromosome movements.
Red/Green color opponency at detection threshold

By means of visual stimnulus without temporal or spatial edges, we have achieved better isolation of chromatic signals at detection threshold than has been reported previously. Under various states of adaptation, the spectral sensitivity of the chromatic mechanism detecting middle- and long-wavelength lights corresponds with that deduced from suprathreshold red/green hue equilibriums.
Ion—molecule chemistry of pyrene in an ion‐trap mass spectrometer

The quadrupole ion-trap mass spectrometer is used to investigate aspects of the ion-molecule chemistry of the pyretic molecular radical cation (M+), the [M H]+ ion and the [M H2]+˙ ion. Cycloaddition and alkyl halide addition reactions with the reagents pyrene, methyl iodide, ethyl iodide, isopreue and 2-iodopropane are investigated. The pyrene molecular radical cation is remarkably unreactive while the closed shell [M H]+ ion is highly reactive and the [M H2]+˙ ion shows intermediate reactivity. Analogies are found between the behaviour of the pyrene molecular radical cation and the corresponding [M H]+ ion on the one hand, and the benzene radical cation and the phenylium ion on the other. The total lack of reactivity of the M+˙ ion is attributed to π-delocalization of the radical and the cation over the large aromatic system. Addition of isoprene to the [M H]+ and [M H2]+˙ ions of pyrene occurs via cycloaddition reactions. A characteristic fragmentation of each adduct ion is methyl radical loss and evidence obtained using pyrene-d10 indicates that the product in the case of [M H]+ is an ionized indene. Addition of methyl iodide, ethyl iodide and 2-iodopropane to the [M H]+ ion of pyrene occurs to give an iodonium product (C16H9–I+–R) which fragments by loss of I˙ or CH3˙ to give the methylpyrene or iodopyreue product ions. Reactions of ethyl iodide and 2-iodopropane with the dehydropyrene ion, [M H2]+˙, give primarily an HI addition product, together with small contributions from the intact adducts. Evidence is provided suggesting that in this case the HI and alkyl halide molecules add across a CC bond rather than forming an iodine-bound adduct. An experiment in which nine consecutive isolation and activation steps (MS10) are used to couvert the [2M H]+ adduct, C32H, to C32H˙ exemplifies the intriguing ion chemistry and the stability of the carbon skeleton of the adduct ions.
Greedy packing and series-parallel graphs

Abstract We characterize nonnegative matrices A with the following property: for every a ≧ 0 , the linear programming problem max(1, y), where Ay ≦ 0, y ≧ 0 , is solved by successively maximizing the variables in arbitrary order. The concept of series-parallel graphs is central to the characterization.
Linking workplace literacy skills and transfer system perceptions

Research examining the relationship between workplace literacy and trainingrelatedfactors is virtually nonexistent. This study examined how variations in individual learning transfer system perceptions were associated with jobrelated workplace literacy skill differences. Results indicated significant differences in learning transfer system perceptions for employees who had the math and reading skill levels required for their jobs versus those who did not. Findings suggest a complex and little understood relationship between workplace literacy skills and learning transfer system perceptions. Changes in the workplace—the increasing importance of knowledge work, new technologies, the importance of work teams and teamwork, and participation in the globalization process—are fostering a shift away from workers with lower skill levels to those with higher skill levels. These changes are requiring not only workers to obtain higher levels of education but are also requiring individuals to develop the capacity to learn, adapt, and change quickly and efficiently to meet challenging demands. Success in today's workplace requires that individuals have a broad set of foundation skills. It is in this context that workplace literacy skills are critical. Workplace literacy refers to the ability of individuals to respond effectively to the literacy demands of the workplace (Gowen, 1992), Workplace literacy skills are the basic skills needed by employees to successfully perform job duties, learn, and apply learning on the job. These include skills such as reading, writing, mathematics, and listening (U,S, Department of Labor, 1991), The concept of workplace literacy has increasingly occupied a place of national and international prominence. For example, it is estimated that 10-20 percent of American workers are either functionally illiterate or marginally literate (Lund & McGuire, 1990); one in five lacks the literacy skills needed to function effectively in work or life (Knell, 1990); and nearly half of all Americans have literacy levels well below what is needed to be competitive in today's economy (National Education Goals Panel, 1994), In fact, a recent study
Influence of Family Psychiatric and Headache History on Migraine‐Related Health Care Utilization

Objective We sought to examine the relationship of family history of headache and family history of psychiatric disorders on self-reported health care utilization tendencies for migraine treatment. Background Familial aggregation of both migraine and depression has been well established in the literature. Family history of headache and psychiatric disorders could influence health care utilization tendencies for migraine. Methods This is a secondary analysis of patients with severe migraine (n = 225) who answered questions about their family history, previous headache treatment history, disability (Headache Disability Inventory), and psychiatric symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory). Using regression, we examined the relationship between family history of headache, depression, and anxiety and reported headache-related health care utilization. Results Participants reported family histories of headache (67.6%), anxiety (15.6%), and depression (29.3%). Participants reported seeing a physician for headache an average of 3.1 (standard deviation = 3.8) times in the past 2 years. In a 2-year period, 27.6% of participants reported seeing a general practitioner and 18.5% of participants reported seeing a neurologist. Twenty-eight percent of participants went to urgent care for headaches at least once in the last 2 years. Thirty-nine percent of participants reported using non-pharmacologic treatment for headache in the prior 2 years, with the highest rates of chiropractic manipulation (27.1%) and massage (18.2%), and fewest rates of biofeedback (0.4%), relaxation training (4.4%), psychotherapy (1.8%), physical therapy (4.9%), or acupuncture (1.8%). Family history of anxiety was associated with trying non-pharmacologic treatments for headache, but no other self-reported health care utilization variable. However, neither family history of headache nor family history of depression was associated with self-reported health care utilization tendencies. Headache Disability Inventory was associated with self-reported non-pharmacologic treatments for headache. Conclusions Family history of anxiety, but not depression, was associated with utilizing non-pharmacologic treatments for headache. Also, disability was associated with utilizing non-pharmacologic treatments for headache. However, participants reported low rates of utilization for non-pharmacologic treatments with grade-A evidence.
Minimizing NOx emissions from stationary combustion; reaction engineering methodology

Abstract The chemical pathways of the formation of nitrogen oxides and destruction in flames provide the basis for the development of design strategies for low emission combustion sources. The design protocol varies according to the fuel type (gaseous, liquid or solid, organically-bound nitrogen bearing or not) and the combustion equipment (boilers, industrial furnaces, gas turbines, etc.). Research and Development has to rely on a combination of modeling and experiment. In the modeling, engineering insight is required concerning acceptable simplifications in the predictions of flow, the progress of combustion reactions, the gas temperature distribution, and the nitrogen compound interconversions. Examples are shown of NO x emissions reduction via fuel-rich/fuel-lean sequencing of the combustion, either by the use of physically separated fuel-rich and fuel-lean combustion chamber sections, or by the use of staged air or staged fuel injection combined with the recirculation of burned flue gas through the burner, and the avoidance of premature burner air admixing with the fuel by the suppression of turbulent mixing at their interface. Staged combustion is especially effective in reducing NO x emissions for fuels which contain organically bound nitrogen. However, in natural gas burning gas turbines, because of the special limitations on the temperature at the entry to the gas turbine, the prevailing developmental trend is towards lean premixed combustion. While such systems promise very low NO x emissions, there is a challenge in flame holding at mixture ratios close to the lean flammibility limit of combustion. Combustion process modification is a proven and cost effective method of NO x reduction, but for the cleanest exhaust it will have to be combined with post combustion clean-up, catalytic or noncatalytic. In all these cases modeling of the different degrees of sophistication is used to aid experiment.
Concentration- and pH-Dependent Conformational Changes and Aggregation of Block Copolymers of Poly(methacrylic acid) and Poly(dimethylsiloxane) in Aqueous Media, Based on Fluorescence Spectra of Pyrene and Potentiometry

Block copolymers of poly(dimethylsiloxane) and poly(methacrylic acid) (PDMS-b-PMA) with different molar ratios and lengths of the hydrophobic PDMS and hydrophilic PMA blocks were synthesized by rad...
An Examination of Level and Direction of Effort and Job Performance

The degree to which effort level and direction of the effort were related to job performance was examined in a field setting. Both direction and effort level were found to be significant predictors...
A novel immunoperoxidase procedure of using human monoclonal antibodies for the detection of cellular antigens in tissue sections

A sensitive immunoperoxidase method was utilized to detect binding of human monoclonal antibodies to cellular antigens in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue sections. The method was a 2-layer system utilizing biotin-labeled human monoclonal antibody and an avidin-biotin-horseradish peroxidase complex (ABC). A comparative study of this and a 4-layer peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) staining method was made. In the PAP system, the monoclonal was followed by rabbit anti-human IgG, swine anti-rabbit IgG as the bridge-antibody and rabbit PAP complex. In both cases, the reaction was visualized by the use of aminoethylcarbazole (AEC) as chromogens. The former procedure was almost as sensitive and, most importantly eliminated an inherent problem associated with the latter namely the difficulty in distinguishing binding of the primary human monoclonal antibody from endogenous human Igs in tissue section. In addition, the 2-stage ABC procedure by comparison requires almost half the time.
Impaired proteasome activity and accumulation of ubiquitinated substrates in a hereditary neuropathy model

Accumulation of misfolded proteins and alterations in the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway are associated with various neurodegenerative conditions of the CNS and PNS. Aggregates containing ubiquitin and peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) have been observed in the Trembler J mouse model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A demyelinating neuropathy. In these nerves, the turnover rate of the newly synthesized PMP22 is reduced, suggesting proteasome impairment. Here we show evidence of proteasome impairment in Trembler J neuropathy samples compared with wild-type, as measured by reduced degradation of substrate reporters. Proteasome impairment correlates with increased levels of polyubiquitinated proteins, including PMP22, and the recruitment of E1, 20S and 11S to aggresomes formed either spontaneously due to the Trembler J mutation or upon proteasome inhibition. Furthermore, myelin basic protein, an endogenous Schwann cell proteasome substrate, associates with PMP22 aggregates in affected nerves. Together, our data show that in neuropathy nerves, reduced proteasome activity is coupled with the accumulation of ubiquitinated substrates, and the recruitment of proteasomal pathway constituents to aggregates. These results provide novel insights into the mechanism by which altered degradation of Schwann cell proteins may contribute to the pathogenesis of certain PMP22 neuropathies.
On the variability of quasars: a link between the Eddington ratio and optical variability?

Repeat scans by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) of a 278-deg 2 stripe along the celestial equator have yielded an average of over 10 observations each for nearly 8000 spectroscopically confirmed quasars. Over 2500 of these quasars are in the redshift range such that the C IV λ 1549 emission line is visible in the SDSS spectrum. Utilizing the width of these C IV lines and the luminosity of the nearby continuum, we estimate black hole masses for these objects. In an effort to isolate the effects of black hole mass and luminosity on the photometric variability of our data set, we create several subsamples by binning in these two physical parameters. By comparing the ensemble structure functions of the quasars in these bins, we are able to reproduce the well-known anticorrelation between luminosity and variability, now showing that this anticorrelation is independent of the black hole mass. In addition, we find a correlation between variability and the mass of the central black hole. By combining these two relations, we identify the Eddington ratio as a possible driver of quasar variability, most likely due to differences in accretion efficiency.
Academic Library Consortia in Transition

Library consortia are in a state of transformation as technology enables the development of virtual libraries while expanding opportunities for sharing printed works.
Assessment of Toxicity Reduction in Wastewater Effluent Flowing Through a Treatment Wetland Using Pimephales promelas, Ceriodaphnia dubia, and Vibrio fischeri

Effluent toxicity is regularly assessed with Ceriodaphnia dubia short-term chronic and Vibrio fischeri toxicity tests. Condition factor and hemotocrit of fish have recently been used to assess fish health following exposure to xenoestrogens in complex municipal effluents. To assess the ability of a treatment wetland to reduce or remove toxicity of a municipal effluent, we compared C. dubia and V. fischeri bioassays to Pimephales promelas responses in situ. Final whole effluent was diverted to a constructed wetland and effluent samples were taken daily from four sites, at incremental distances from the inflow, for a 3-week study. Overlapping 7-day C. dubia tests and V. fischeri assays were conducted with samples from each wetland site concurrent with a 3-week fish exposure. C. dubia survival and fecundity were significantly (< 0.0001) reduced at the inflow, but steadily improved with distance from the inflow. Fish condition and hematocrit were lower (α < 0.05) at wetland sites closer to the inflow than other wetland sites and laboratory controls. However, effluent toxicity was not detected by V. fischeri bioassays. Our findings indicate that 7-day C. dubia bioassays were most sensitive to effluent toxicity and suggest that other bioassays should be used concurrent with V. fischeri assays for municipal effluent toxicity testing.
An Efficient Algorithm for Computing the HHSVM and Its Generalizations

The hybrid Huberized support vector machine (HHSVM) has proved its advantages over the l1 support vector machine (SVM) in terms of classification and variable selection. Similar to the l1 SVM, the HHSVM enjoys a piecewise linear path property and can be computed by a least-angle regression (LARS)-type piecewise linear solution path algorithm. In this article, we propose a generalized coordinate descent (GCD) algorithm for computing the solution path of the HHSVM. The GCD algorithm takes advantage of a majorization–minimization trick to make each coordinatewise update simple and efficient. Extensive numerical experiments show that the GCD algorithm is much faster than the LARS-type path algorithm. We further extend the GCD algorithm to solve a class of elastic net penalized large margin classifiers, demonstrating the generality of the GCD algorithm. We have implemented the GCD algorithm in a publicly available R package gcdnet.
Space physics and astronomy converge in exploration of Jupiter's magnetosphere

The space between the planets is filled with a solar wind of plasma that expands supersonically outward from the Sun. Most planets, including Earth and Jupiter, have an intrinsic magnetic field that deflects the solar wind, creating a comet-shaped cavity called a magnetosphere. Earth's magnetosphere, for example, extends about 10 Earth radii in the upstream, sunward direction and hundreds of Earth radii downstream. Frictional coupling at the magnetopause drives plasma circulation, known as convection, within the magnetosphere, a dynamic process that gives rise, among other things, to visible aurora and planetary radio emissions.
Phylogenetic patterns of gene rearrangements in four mitochondrial genomes from the green algal family Hydrodictyaceae (Sphaeropleales, Chlorophyceae)

The variability in gene organization and architecture of green algal mitochondrial genomes is only recently being studied on a finer taxonomic scale. Sequenced mt genomes from the chlorophycean orders Volvocales and Sphaeropleales exhibit considerable variation in size, content, and structure, even among closely related genera. However, sampling of mt genomes on a within-family scale is still poor and the sparsity of information precludes a thorough understanding of genome evolution in the green algae. Genomic DNA of representative taxa were sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq2500 to produce 2x100 bp paired reads, and mitochondrial genomes were assembled and annotated using Geneious v.6.1.5. Phylogenetic analysis of 13 protein-coding mitochondrial genes spanning the Sphaeropleales was performed. This study presents one of the first within-family comparisons of mt genome diversity, and is the first to report complete mt genomes for the family Hydrodictyaceae (order Sphaeropleales). Four complete mt genomes representing three taxa and four phylogenetic groups, Stauridium tetras, Pseudopediastrum boryanum, and Pediastrum duplex, range in size from 37,723 to 53,560 bp. The size variability is primarily due to intergenic region expansion, and intron content is generally low compared with other mt genomes of Sphaeropleales. Certain gene rearrangements appear to follow a phylogenetic pattern, and with a more thorough taxon sampling genome-level sequence may be useful in resolving systematic conundrums that plague this morphologically diverse family.
Mycoplasma iguanae sp. nov., from a green iguana (Iguana iguana) with vertebral disease.

Strain 2327T, first cultured from vertebral abscesses of green iguanas (Iguana iguana) collected in Florida, USA, was readily distinguished from all previously described mollicutes by 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons. Strain 2327T lacks a cell wall, ferments glucose, does not hydrolyse arginine, aesculin or urea and is sensitive to digitonin. Western blots distinguished the novel isolate serologically from the most closely related members of the Mycoplasma neurolyticum cluster. On the basis of these data, the isolate represents a novel species for which the name Mycoplasma iguanae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain 2327T (=ATCC BAA-1050T=NCTC 11745T).
Short Communication: Comparative soil water use by annual crops at a semiarid site in Montana

Miller, P. R. and Holmes, J. A. 2012. Short Communication: Comparative soil water use by annual crops at a semiarid site in Montana. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 803–807. Results for soil water use in the semiarid northern Great Plains are presented in detailed tabular format for 15 crops in an ideal environment for comparative water use assessment. The effective rooting depth of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varied relative to spring wheat; it was often similar and never less. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) averaged 43 mm greater soil water use below 0.9 m compared with spring wheat. Conversely, lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) and pea (Pisum sativum L.) averaged 27 mm and 48 mm less soil water than spring wheat to a 1.2-m soil depth, respectively. Observed differences in effective rooting depth for alternative crops carry important implications for wheat-based cropping systems.
Civic Culture and Corporate Regime in Louisville

We examine the civic culture in Louisville focusing upon the community power structure, community value system, and public decision-making system as described by knowledgeable persons. Interviewees...
SYNTHESIS OF N 4-(2-ACETAMIDO-2-DEOXY-β-D-GLUCOPYRANOSYL)-L-ASPARAGINE ANALOGUES. L-2-CHLORO-, L-2-BROMO-, AND D,L-2-METHYLSUCCINAMIC ACID ANALOGUES

L-Chlorosuccinic anhydride, L-bromosuccinic anhydride, and D,L-methylsuccinic anhydride react with 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranosylamine to give varying mixtures of N 4-(β-GlcNAc)-2-substituted- and N 4-(β-GlcNAc)-3-substituted-succinamic acid isomers. The two regioisomers are separated by anion exchange chromatography. The N 4-(β-GlcNAc)-2-substituted-succinamic acid isomers are characterized as analogues of N 4-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-L-asparagine.
Safety and efficacy of implementing a multidisciplinary heart team approach for revascularization in patients with complex coronary artery disease: an observational cohort pilot study.

Importance Since the advent of transcatheter aortic valve replacement, the multidisciplinary heart team (MHT) approach has rapidly become the standard of care for patients undergoing the procedure. However, little is known about the potential effect of MHT on patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Objective To determine the safety and efficacy of implementing the MHT approach for patients with complex CAD. Design, Setting, and Participants Observational cohort pilot study of 180 patients with CAD involving more than 1 vessel in a single major academic tertiary/quaternary medical center. From May 1, 2012, through May 31, 2013, MHT meetings were convened to discuss evidence-based management of CAD. All cases were reviewed by a team of interventional cardiologists and cardiac surgeons within 72 hours of angiography. All clinical data were reviewed by the team to adjudicate optimal treatment strategies. Final recommendations were based on a consensus decision. Outcome measures were tracked for all patients to determine the safety and efficacy profile of this pilot program. Exposures Multidisciplinary heart team meeting. Main Outcomes and Measures Thirty-day periprocedural mortality and rate of major adverse cardiac events. Results Most of the patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG); a small percentage of patients underwent a hybrid procedure or medical management. Incidence of 30-day periprocedural mortality was low across all groups of patients (PCI group, 5 of 64 [8%]; CABG group, 1 of 87 [1%]). The rate of major adverse cardiac events during a median follow-up of 12.1 months ranged from 12 of 87 patients (14%) in the CABG group to 15 of 64 (23%) in the PCI group. Conclusions and Relevance Outcomes of patients with complex CAD undergoing the optimal treatment strategy recommended by the MHT were similar to those of published national standards. Implementation of the MHT approach for patients with complex CAD is safe and efficacious.
A hybrid PWM strategy combining modified space vector and triangle comparison methods

Classical space vector PWM with equal duration of application of zero state vectors V0 and V7 was modified. The time of application of vector V7 (and V0) was made changeable from 0 to 100% over the time T/sub 0/ for their combined application. The ratio of the duration of application of vector V0 vs. V7 can be kept constant or changed on a sample by sample basis with a significant impact on the characteristics of the PWM. Correlation between modified space vector and triangle comparison methods was established. It was proved in the paper that modified space vector PWM (with a classical space vector PWM as a special case) can be implemented as a triangle comparison method with added zero sequence. A new algorithm suitable for implementation of modified space vector method on digital or analog hardware for triangle comparison PWM was proposed. Because the algorithm combines the theory of space vector PWM with ease of implementation of a triangle comparison PWM it was named "hybrid" PWM (HPWM).
Social-Emotional Screening for Infants and Toddlers in Primary Care

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Recommendations in pediatrics call for general developmental screening of young children; however, research suggests social-emotional development, in particular, is important as an initial indicator of general well-being versus risk. We aim to describe a program designed to identify the social-emotional status of young children in the pediatric setting by using the Ages and Stages Questionnaires: Social-Emotional (ASQ:SE) as a universal screening tool, and to assess the effect of interventions by a colocated psychologist on changes in ASQ:SE scores over time. METHODS: In a prospective cohort design we analyzed scores on ASQ:SE surveys completed on children 6 to 36 months of age, to determine if children were at risk for problems in social-emotional development. The probability of remaining at risk over time was then compared between subjects receiving intervention by the psychologist, and those who declined intervention. Logit specifications were used in multivariate comparisons to control for a set of covariates. RESULTS: Three thousand one hundred and sixty-nine children were screened; 711 (22.4%) scored at or above the risk cutoff. Among the 711 at-risk children, 170 were rescreened. At the time of rescreening, those children who received intervention from the psychologist showed significant improvement on ASQ:SE scores compared with those who declined intervention ( P = .01). CONCLUSIONS: Universal social-emotional screening in a busy pediatric practice is challenging. Significant percentages of children can be identified as being at risk for social-emotional problems, and colocation of a psychologist promotes the ability to effectively address young children’s social-emotional development within their medical home. * Abbreviations: ASQ:SE, Ages and Stages Questionnaires — : Social-Emotional ITS — : infant toddler specialist
Intervenciones coronarias percutáneas en pacientes diabéticos

Diabetes confers a greater risk of developing coronary artery disease and harbors a worse long term prognosis with medical therapy compared to non-diabetic p...
Dynamic connection management for call-level QOS guarantee in integrated communication networks

Conventional allocation of network resources for connection management is by and large static. For each performance parameter that is negotiated during a call setup, its agreed value must be maintained throughout the duration of the call. Due to a dynamic networking environment, the result of quality of service (QOS) negotiation during call establishment may not remain ideal throughout the duration of a call. The authors propose a method for managing connections, in a connection-oriented integrated communication network, to maintain acceptable QOS for the entire duration of each connection, to make QOS improvements whenever possible, to recover from connection failures and call preemption, as well as to partially retrieve allocated resources to relieve network overload. >
High-gain nondegenerate two-wave mixing in Cr:YAlO 3

A gain of 22 times was obtained by nondegenerate two-wave mixing in Cr:YAlO3 To our knowledge, this is the largest cw two-wave mixing gain obtained in a bulk solid-state nonphotorefractive material. The measured gain appears to be limited by beam breakup that is due to spatial nonuniformities in the nonlinear refractive-index change that are the result of inhomogeneities in the crystal. Predictions based on our data indicate that gain in excess of 200 times should be possible in Cr:YAlO3 if a homogeneous crystal can be obtained.
Neural Interface Devices: Spinal Cord Stimulation Technology

This review of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) and its technology begins with an overview of the history and background of electroanalgesia, from the use of electric fish in ancient times through the development of the first SCS devices. Discussion of the clinical goals of SCS as a treatment for neuropathic and ischemic pain includes accepted and emerging indications and focuses on various aspects of the technical goal of appropriate paresthesia coverage. While acknowledging that much remains to be discovered about the mechanisms of action of SCS, the review describes what is known about its neurochemical effects and summarizes the results of experimental and clinical studies that seek to illuminate why SCS is effective. After noting the importance and development of computer modeling studies that indicate ways to improve delivery of the electrical pulses, the review covers the advantages of various types of SCS electrodes and power generators and the use of computerized methods to optimize SCS therapy in individual patients and to provide information about the clinical performance of various types of equipment. Finally, this paper identifies important design issues and options as well as the challenges posed by various failure modes, by environmental and medical precautions, and by cost effectiveness and patient access issues.
A Partitioned Kalman Filter and Smoother

A new approach is advanced for approximating Kalman filtering and smoothing suitable for oceanic and atmospheric data assimilation. The method solves the larger estimation problem by partitioning it into a series of smaller calculations. Errors with small correlation distances are derived by regional approximations, and errors associated with independent processes are evaluated separately from one another. The overall uncertainty of the model state, as well as the Kalman filter and smoother, is approximated by the sum of the corresponding individual components. The resulting smaller dimensionality of each separate element renders application of Kalman filtering and smoothing to the larger problem much more practical than otherwise. In particular, the approximation makes high-resolution global eddy-resolving data assimilation computationally viable. The approach is described and its efficacy demonstrated using a simple one-dimensional shallow water model.
A methodology for implementing pipelined fixed-point infinite impulse response filters

This paper outlines a methodology for implementing pipelined IIR digital filters that considers both how much pipelining to use and what fixed-point precisions are required. The methodology is applied to an example second-order IIR filter implemented on a field programmable gate array; the results show that the methodology allows exploration of the trade-offs between hardware size and throughput while ensuring that the implemented filters deliver a consistent quality of output.
Flexible Display Center at Arizona State University: A Unique Industry-Government-Academic Partnership for Creating Revolutionary Information Display Technology

The flexible display center has created a unique and powerful industry-government-university partnership to create a revolutionary generation of information displays that will be flexible, lightweight, low power, and rugged. This paper describes key features of the partnership framework, and successful development of product-level flexible display technology demonstrators and commercial-ready manufacturing solutions in enabling flexible and flex-compatible materials and new display-scale toolsets.
LBJ and Grassroots Federalism: Congressman Bob Poage, Race, and Change in Texas. By Robert Harold Duke. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2014. 248 pp.

LBJ and Grassroots Federalism: Congressman Bob Poage, Race, and Change in Texas. By Robert Harold Duke. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2014. 248 pp. Historian Robert Harold Duke conducts a commendable analysis of how government officials, prominent community members, and local activists in Waco, Texas, worked together on various projects during the New Deal and Great Society eras. Duke particularly focuses on the relationship between Lyndon Baines Johnson (LBJ) and W. R. "Bob" Poage. Readers need little introduction to Johnson, who embarked upon a political career that led him to the White House, but may be less familiar with Poage, who represented Texas's 11th Congressional District from 1937 to 1978 and served as the powerful chairperson of the House Agriculture Committee for most of these years. Although LBJ and Poage worked together as allies to bring crucial federal funds to the Lone Star State, the Waco representative's refusal to support LBJ's civil rights initiatives strained their once-close relationship. Duke further contends that New Deal and Great Society programs provided opportunities for African Americans and Mexican Americans in central Texas to express agency and to improve their communities in the midst of brutal segregation. After discussing LBJ's and Poage's distinct backgrounds, Duke provides three case studies that examine the legacy of their complicated partnership. Although LBJ and Poage hailed from and eventually represented the neighboring 10th and 11th Congressional Districts, respectively, the author maintains that these areas of central Texas possessed differing characteristics, especially regarding matters of race. LBJ's Austin and Hill Country region, while plagued by segregation, held more tolerant elements than Poage's Waco. Johnson grew up exposed to a large German population in the Hill Country, which historically had rejected the inclinations of the Old Confederacy. Austin, itself, as the state's capital, served as the central location for Texans to debate varying viewpoints, which LBJ enjoyed contemplating. Waco, on the other hand, experienced sadistic violence, as its white citizens attempted to maintain a segregationist order. Lynching in the region occurred several times during the early decades of the twentieth century, most infamously with the 1916 Waco Horror, which attracted national attention for its barbarity. Duke argues that such events profoundly affected the young Poage's conception of race relations, forming the basis for his later refusal to vote for LBJ's civil rights legislation. …
Incidence and Clinical Significance of Heterotopic Ossification After Partial Ray Resection

Heterotopic bone growth is a common finding after partial foot amputation that can predispose to recurrent wounds, osteomyelitis, and reamputation. Heterotopic ossification is the formation of excessive mature lamellar bone in the soft tissues adjacent to bone that is exacerbated by trauma or surgical intervention. The relevance of heterotopic ossification is dependent on its anatomic location. Its occurrence as a sequela of partial foot amputation can lead to prominence on the plantar aspect of the foot that can predispose the patient to recurrent neuropathic ulceration or preclude appropriate wound healing. Reulceration puts the high-risk patient who has already undergone local amputation at greater risk of recurrent infection and further amputation. The present study aimed to assess the incidence and risk factors for heterotopic ossification to further evaluate its role in partial foot amputation. A retrospective analysis of 72 consecutive patients who had undergone partial metatarsal resection was performed, with 90% of the cohort having peripheral neuropathy and 88% diabetes mellitus. Our findings revealed a heterotopic ossification incidence of 75% diagnosed radiographically. The initial onset of heterotopic ossification was not appreciated >10 weeks postoperatively. Ten patients (18.5%) exhibited heterotopic ossification-associated ulceration. The incidence of heterotopic ossification was 30% less in patients with peripheral vascular disease. These results indicate that heterotopic ossification is a common sequela of partial ray resection in an already high-risk patient population. The perioperative use of pharmacologic or radiation prophylaxis in an attempt to minimize amputation-related morbidity should be considered.
SEVERAL METHODS TO EVALUATE THE IONIZATION ENERGY OF ATOM AND THE COMPARISON AMONG THEM

Several methods to evaluate the ionization energy of atom or ion arediscussed. According to these methods, the first, second and third ionization energies of He, Li, Be, B, Ne, Na, Mg, Al, K, Cu, Kr, Rb, Sr, In, Cs, Ba and Hg have been obtained separately. As compared with the experimental values, we find that, the ground state energy differences un der the frozen core approximation are closed to the experimental values.
Does perception of treatment predict outcome in interventions for smokers who are not ready to quit

at 3-month follow-up. Assessments were conducted at baseline, treatment completion and 3-month follow up. Results: Hypotheses: Compared to participants in the UC condition, participants in the RBT+WC condition will, on average, show significant decreases in frequency of sharing syringes and other injection paraphernalia, frequency of use of opioids, stimulants and alcohol. Sharing of needles and injection paraphernalia rarely occurred in the sample, precluding inferential analyses. The decrease in past 30-day opioid use days from baseline to treatment completion to 3-month follow-up was larger in the RBT+WC (Means =9.6 to 2.7 to 0.6) than in the UC condition (12.2 to 6.1 to 3.0), p= .047. Conclusions: RBT+WC represents a promising comprehensive women-centered intervention for reducing drug use and HIV risks for substance-using women in Georgia. Financial support: NIDA R01 DA029880 (Hendree Jones, PI).