cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
“Fashions of Worldly Dames”: Separatist Discourses of Dress in Early Modern London, Amsterdam, and Plymouth Colony

In a separatist congregation in London in 1594 a storm was brewing. The church's pastor, Francis Johnson, imprisoned for his noncon-formist activities, had recently married, and Francis's younger brother George, also incarcerated, was deeply troubled about his new sister-in-law Thomasine. George Johnson feared Francis was “blinded, bewitched, and besotted with the slie [sly] heights of the subtile proud woman,” and he considered it his duty as a good Christian and concerned brother to help “reforme” the situation. George's central grievance against Thomasine, a young widow before her marriage to Francis, was her excessive pride—she was “much noted” for it, he observed, which “became not a Pastor's wife, specially he being under persecution: in Prison: and often looking for death.” For George, as for other nonconforming Protestants who believed that one's outward behavior revealed one's inward moral state, his sister-in-law's pride was so offensive because it was so publicly and extravagantly displayed upon her body, in velvet, lace, whalebone, and gold. George wanted to “shew” Thomasine “that proud apparel and fashions of worldly dames were not decent in a Pastor[']s wife: that the creatures [material things], though lawful to be used, yet [are] not to be abused.”
Effect of Carbon and Water on Wetting and Reactions of B2O3‐Containing Glasses on Platinum

Sessile-drop experiments were conducted to analyze the wetting characteristics of molten B/sub 2/O/sub 3/ and B/sub 2/O/sub 3/-containing glasses on Pt. In atmospheres free of carbonaceous gases, the contact angle for all glasses on Pt was small and invariant under ambient pressures of 10/sup -4/ torr to 1 atm for the range 700/sup 0/ to 1000/sup 0/C. Adsorption of carbon at the metal surface decreased the solid/vapor surface energy and increased the contact angle. Carbon was removed by oxidation at a specific ambient pressure, resulting in a reduction in the contact angle. Temperature-pressure data are reported for Pt. Absorption of water vapor by the glasses resulted in a reaction at the solid/liquid interface, spreading of the glass, and adherence. The possible reactions that can occur are given.
Metalloproteomics, metalloproteomes, and the annotation of metalloproteins

Metalloproteomics includes approaches that address the expression of metalloproteins and their changes in biological time and space. Metalloproteomes are investigated by a combination of approaches. Experimental approaches include structural genomics, which provides insights into the architecture of metal-binding sites in metalloproteins and establishes ligand signatures from the types and spacings of the metal ligands in the protein sequence. Theoretical approaches employ these ligand signatures as templates for homology searches in sequence databases. In this way, the number of metalloproteins in the iron, copper, and zinc metalloproteomes in various phyla of life has been estimated. Yet, manganese metalloproteomes remain poorly defined. Metals have catalytic and structural functions in proteins. However, additional functions have evolved. Proteins that control metal homeostasis and proteins that are metal-regulated bind metal ions transiently and are generally not accounted for in estimates from bioinformatics. Thus, metalloproteomes are dynamic and likely to be larger than present estimates suggest. This account discusses the assignment of transition metals in metalloproteins and the ensuing issues facing analytical chemists and structural and computational biologists. Biological and chemical selectivities render metal selection by metalloproteins either more stringent or less stringent depending on the metal homeostatic system of the organism, the subcellular location of the protein, and environmental factors. Failure to recognize the principles of metal utilization has led to assigning the wrong metal in metalloproteins and has missed some of the regulatory functions of transition metal ions.
Moving beyond mobile tours: Creating hybrid spaces through narrative and gameplay in the museum collection

This paper builds on emerging research that focuses on exploring the potential of mobile game applications to improve visitor experience in museums. Mobile applications have gained increased attention as a good technological solution for engaging museum visitors. This paper draws from the experience of Mosaic, a mobile game prototype for the i-OS platform designed to be audience tested with the Getty Villa's permanent collection, to present a design strategy that creates a hybrid space between game and museum. Mosaic attempts to create a hybrid space by blurring the line between museum and game world through integration of objects and spaces with story, user interface and game play.
Sombrero-shaped Fe3O4 nanoelements with tunable out-of-plane and in-plane magnetization components fabricated by nano-imprint lithography

We report on the magnetization structure of dish- and sombrero-shaped magnetite nanoelements fabricated via defect-free nanoimprint lithography and magnetron sputtering with controllable deposition flux. We demonstrate that as the sputtering time increases, the shape of the magnetite nanoelements evolves from a dish- to sombrero-shape due to the non-directionality of deposition. At remanence, the bottom layer of both nanoelements favors in-plane direction of magnetization driven by their shape anisotropy (aspect ratios > 8:1). Micromagnetic modeling indicates that this bottom layer is a double vortex for the dish-shape but a single vortex pinned by the central cone in the sombrero-shaped nanoelement. In addition, unlike conventional nano-disks, however, both nanoelements have strong out-of-plane components at the edges; an additional out-of-plane component is also found at the center for the sombrero-shaped nanoelements. We conclude that these localized out-of-plane magnetization components are produced due to the complex shape of the elements.
Altered adaptive responses to training by nonselective beta-adrenergic blockade in coronary artery disease.

Abstract To examine the alterations in adaptive responses to training by nonselective β-adrenergic blockade in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), 26 patients were studied. Thirteen patients, aged 48 ± 2 years (mean ± standard error) were treated with β-adrenergic blocking agents and another 13, aged 55 ± 2 years, were control subjects. The 2 groups were similar in terms of initial maximal attainable O2 consumption VO2max): 24 ± 1 vs 25 ± 2 ml/kg/min, patients and control subjects, respectively), and intensity (87 ± 3.0 vs 88 ± 2% of attainable VO2max), frequency (4 ± 0.2 vs 4.0 ± 0.3 days/week), and duration (12 months) of training. Maximal attainable VO2 increased to the same extent (36% vs 35%) in both groups. Heart rate (HR) at rest decreased to a similar extent in both groups (p
Successful Treatment for Giggle Incontinence With Biofeedback

Purpose: Giggle incontinence is the involuntary and often unpredictable loss of urine during giggling or laughter in the absence of other stress incontinence. The pathophysiology is unclear, urodynamics are seldom helpful, and the efficacy of timed voiding and pharmacotherapy is limited. We postulated that improving sphincter tone and muscle recruitment using biofeedback techniques might be helpful in children with giggle incontinence.Materials and Methods: The charts of 12 patients with giggle incontinence were reviewed. Giggle incontinence severity, voiding patterns, associated symptoms and medical history including prior treatment were reviewed. Children were evaluated with uroflowmetry-electromyography and ultrasound measurement of post-void residual urine. They were assessed by the ability to isolate, contract and relax perineal muscles. They were taught Kegel exercises and instructed to perform them at home between weekly-biweekly sessions. Clinical success was characterized as a full or partial res...
Western blot analyses and LD50 determinations of Toxoplasma gondii isolates.

Abstract Western blot analysis of tachyzoite detergent extracts revealed striking similarities and only minor differences in the antigenic profiles of four isolates, including one new isolate of Toxoplasma gondii . At least nine common protein bands with molecular weights ranging from 14 000–108 000 were recognized by all antitoxoplasma antisera. Differences existed primarily between molecular weights 28 000 and 33 000. The LD 50 determinations showed that strains of laboratory mice were affected differently by the various Toxoplasma isolates used in this study. Results indicate a need for further investigations into whether there are true strain differences of Toxoplasma gondii or simply different isolates of the same strain of this single species in the genus Toxoplasma .
Family history of breast and ovarian cancer and the risk of breast carcinoma in situ.

A family history of breast cancer is an important risk factor for breast carcinoma in situ (BCIS), however, there are no detailed analyses of its variation in effect by number, type, laterality or age at onset of affected relatives nor by association with ovarian cancer. In addition, the role of the breast cancer susceptibility genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, in the development of BCIS is unclear.
A high throughput in vitro analytical approach to screen for oxidative stress potential exerted by nanomaterials using a biologically relevant matrix: Human blood serum

Limited studies have shown that selected nanomaterials (NMs) impart various forms of toxicity in biological systems; however, a common metric to screen for potential toxicity is needed. This study optimized and utilized a ‘Ferric reducing ability of serum (FRAS)’ assay as a screening tool to quantitate the degree of oxidative damage induced by NMs on human blood serum. Antioxidants in blood protect against oxidative damage caused by free radicals via chemical quenching and will decrease when exposed to oxidatively stressful materials. Using this approach, the antioxidant capacity of NM treated serum was significantly decreased by nano-silver, a series of nano-carbon blacks, fullerene soot, and nano-TiO2 (anatase, p < 0.05), but not with nano-alumina, fullerite, purified fullerene, fine TiO2 (rutile) and Min-U-Sil 5. Particle surface area and not biological particle size was highly associated with the degree of oxidative stress observed. This approach appears responsive to multiple determinants of oxidative damage, including particle chemistry, surface area and impurities, and may be a valid screening method to determine oxidative damage imparted by nanomaterials.
Discovery and Interpretation of an X‐ray Period in the Galactic Center Source CXOGC J174536.1‐285638

We present X-ray and infrared observations of the X-ray source CXOGC J174536.1-285638. Previous observations suggest that this source may be an accreting binary with a high-mass donor (HMXB) or a colliding wind binary (CWB). Based on the Chandra and XMM-Newton light curve, we have found an apparent 189 ± 6 day periodicity with better than 99.997% confidence. We discuss several possible causes of this periodicity, including both orbital and superorbital interpretations. We explore in detail the possibility that the X-ray modulation is related to an orbital period and discuss the implications for two scenarios; one in which the variability is caused by obscuration of the X-ray source by a stellar wind, and the other in which it is caused by an eclipse of the X-ray source. We find that in the first case, CXOGC J174536.1-285638 is consistent with both CWB and HMXB interpretations, but in the second, CXOGC J174536.1-285638 is more likely a HMXB.
Zorrilla Grass Crónica

"Zorrilla Grass Cronica" is to be included in Susana Chavez-Silverman's second volume of cronicas, tentatively titled Letters to los Musos .
Non-isoparametric tool path planning by machining strip evaluation for 5-axis sculptured surface machining

Abstract Presented in this paper is a new approach to 5-axis NC tool path generation for sculptured surface machining. Techniques of feasible machining strip evaluation are used for non-isoparametric 5-axis tool path generation. A searching algorithm is proposed to find the parameter increments of adjacent cutter locations along orthogonal path intervals for optimal non-isoparametric path generation. Compared to the use of the smallest path interval by the traditional constant parametric path planning, the proposed methodology can generate efficient tool paths for sculptured surface machining by reducing the redundant overlapping between adjacent tool paths. The proposed methodology includes three steps: (1) evaluating feasible machining strip, (2) solving parameter increments (Δu, Δv) along orthogonal path intervals, and (3) searching for adjacent non-isoparametric cutter locations. The techniques presented in this paper can be used to improve 5-axis machined surface quality and to automate the non-isoparametric cutter path generation for CAD/CAM systems.
Existence of irreducible R-regular elements in Zariski-dense subgroups

Let G be a connected semisimple algebraic group defined over the field R of real numbers. An element x of G(R) is called R-regular if the number of eigenvalues, counted with multiplicity, of modulus 1 of Ad x is minimum possible. (If G is R-anisotropic, i.e., the group G(R) is compact, every element of G(R )i sRregular.) The existence of R-regular elements in an arbitrary subsemigroup Γ of G(R) which is Zariski-dense in G was proved by Y. Benoist and F. Labourie [3] using Oseledet’s multiplicative ergodic theorem, and then reproved by the firstnamed author [15] by a direct argument. Recently G.A. Margulis and G.A. Soifer asked us a question, which arose in their joint work with H. Abels on the Auslander problem, about the existence of R-regular elements with some special properties. The purpose of this note is to answer their question in the affirmative. Before formulating the result, we recall (cf. [16], Remark 1.6(1)) that an R-regular element x is necessarily semisimple, so if in addition it is regular, then T := ZG(x) ◦ is a maximal torus; moreover, x belongs to T (see [4], Corollary 11.12).
Superconducting UBe13 thin films

Abstract Of the known heavy fermion superconductors only UBe 13 can have a low resistivity ratio and still go superconducting. In addition, it is a line compound with a melting temperature of nearly twice that of the constituents. These facts make UBe 13 a promising choice for fabrication in thin film form. We have successfully made 2000 A UBe 13 films by coevaporation of uranium and beryllium on 700°C substrates which were then heated in situ to 1100°C. These films were polycrystalline as shown by X-ray diffraction and have T c 's of 0.85 K, that of the bulk. The resistivity rise at approximately 2 K and the strong negative magnetoresistance were also of the same magnitude as that of the bulk, as were both the perpendicular and parallel critical fields. Thin films of UBe 13 will make more accessible tunneling and proximity effect experiments which can help elucidate the nature of the superconductivity of this compound.
The First Generation of Angioplasty

Merriam Webster defines a human generation as the time from the birth of parents to that of their offspring. Typically, that time is 20 to 30 years. Thus, it has been 1 human generation from Andreas Gruntzig’s original description of balloon angioplasty in 1978 to its 30th anniversary in 2008.1 Three months after this report, one of us (B.P.O.) was born to a father (W.W.O.) who was starting his career in cardiac medicine. Thus, 2008 for us is a year of transition of a cardiac interventionalist from one generation to the next. At this time, it is fitting to reflect on the people, the procedure, and the practice in the first generation of angioplasty. In this issue of Circulation: Cardiovascular Interventions , Venkitachalam et al2 provide an overview of the changes that have occurred in practice and outcomes of the 1985–1986 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Registry and the NHLBI Dynamic Registry. The report highlights the remarkable distance we have covered with this procedure in a generation. Article see p 6 Imagine for a moment that you were a young investigator in 2008 and had invented a new device to treat coronary occlusions. You need to obtain millions of dollars in start-up funding and get institutional review board and Food and Drug Administration approval to initiate US clinical trials. The device is designed to treat young patients with stable angina, single-vessel disease, focal, concentric proximal lesions, and normal left ventricular function. The device has to be inserted through a 10F sheath and uses 9F guide catheters. Each procedure takes 3 to 4 hours to perform. Your success rate was 63% and the rate of myocardial infarction was 5%, with 24% of patients requiring coronary artery bypass (CABG) before discharge. How likely is it that funding would …
Performance analysis of a Bayesian classifier for the detection of human presence using total power and correlation radiometry

This study presents a performance analysis of a new method of detecting and classifying non-moving humans from a moving platform in real time using millimetre-wave radiometry. The implementation of the detection method is a naive Bayes classifier which operates on signals produced by two Ka-band total power receivers, one W-band total power receiver and one Ka-band correlation receiver. Processing of the radiometric signals involves median filtering and passive range estimation prior to the signals being classified by the Bayesian algorithm. Experimental results are shown and a performance evaluation of the classifier is given using the F1-measure and the receiver operating characteristic. A maximum F1-measure of 0.68 is achieved, and the area under the receiver operating curve is 0.94 and 0.98 for passive and active ranging, respectively. The maximum true positive rate was 0.85 (passive) and 0.92 (active) both corresponding to F1=0.48. The processing time required for classification is shown to be less than 50% of the experimental time, permitting real-time operation.
Predictors of pain outcomes in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain co-morbid with depression: results from a randomized controlled trial

Objective. The combination of chronic musculoskeletal pain and depression is associated with worse clinical outcomes than either condition alone. In this study, we report the predictors of pain intensity and activity interference in primary care patients with co-morbid pain and depression. Methods. This is a secondary data analysis of the 250 persons who participated in a randomized clinical trial designed to test the effectiveness of 12 weeks of optimized antidepressant therapy for both depression and pain. Using multivariate linear regression analysis, we assessed the predictive value of baseline self-efficacy, fear of movement, pain beliefs, and demographic and clinical factors on 3-month Graded Chronic Pain Scale pain intensity and activity interference outcomes. Results. In the full model, significant sociodemographic predictors of less activity interference included being non-white (β−5.8, P = 0.04) and being employed (β−13.3, P < 0.0001). The latter was also predictive of less pain intensity (β−5.6, P = 0.01). As expected, the optimized antidepressant treatment arm was associated with improved outcomes (pain intensity: β−3.7, P = 0.0005 and activity interference: β−6.4, P = 0.01). Whereas stronger perceived pain control (β 3.6, P = 0.01) was associated with greater activity interference, higher degree of fear of movement (or fear avoidance) predicted greater pain intensity (β 0.46, P = 0.04) and activity interference (β 0.57, P = 0.05). Neither the location (low back vs hip/knee) nor duration of pain were predictive of pain intensity or interference outcomes. Conclusion. The findings are consistent with a bio-psychosocial model, implicating the need to consider the impact of sociodemographic variables and pain-related beliefs and cognition on pain-related outcomes for patients with co-morbid musculoskeletal pain and depression.
A composite model for deterministic and stochastic trends

Abstract Nonstationary time series are typically either detrended or differenced to achieve stationarity in forecasting analyses. Detrending assumes the presence of a deterministic trend and differencing assumes the presence of a stochastic trend. A composite model, which is needed when a time series contains both trends, is a special case of a transfer function analysis. A transfer function with linear or quadratic trend variables as inputs can be used to forecast nonstationary time series with trends. Forecasts of 14 macroeconomic series for the United States show that these series are better represented and forecastable by these transfer function models than by a univariate ARIMA analysis. Comparisons between forecasts from a univariate analysis through detrending or differencing and those from a transfer function analysis for artificially generated data in a series of Monte Carlo experiments show that either detrending or differencing alone does not effectively account for the presence of trend as well as the transfer function model does.
Effects of lead exposure on renal function in young rats

Abstract Renal function was evaluated in young rats, 35–50 days old, exposed to lead before weaning via mother's milk and after weaning in their solid diet. Lead-exposed rats had blood lead concentrations of 120±21 μg Pb/100 ml, compared to 10±2 μg Pb/100 ml for pair-fed, age-matched controls. There was no significant difference between the control and lead-exposed groups in body weight, kidney weight, glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow, extraction of paraaminohippurate, and fractional excretion of amino acids or phosphate. However, significant differences between control and lead-exposed rats were observed in 24-hr urinary volume excretion and in fractional excretion of sodium following extracellular volume expansion. The elevation in 24-hr urine volume was subsequently demonstrated to be associated with increased water intake in the lead-exposed rats. The results of these studies indicate that in young rats with elevated blood lead concentrations, resting renal function is similar to that found in non-lead-exposed animals. Significant differences in water and electrolyte excretion during stress (water deprivation or extracellular volume expansion) were observed between the control and lead-exposed rats. However, the role of the kidney in the mechanisms involved in these altered responses in unknown.
Second Derivative And Fourier Self-Deconvolution Approaches To Resolution Enhancement Of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectra

Several methods can be used to resolved overlapped bands in the spectra of mixtures. For most of these methods an estimate of the number of components in the mixture must be made as the first step. The number of components can sometimes be deduced using factor analysis or the absorbance ratio technique, but the answers given by these techniques are often ambiguous. When the number of components is known, the spectrum of each individual component may be obtained using absorbance subtraction routines; however, for this technique to be successful the spectroscopist should have some knowledge of the composition of his sample, and he needs the spectra of at least as many samples of different composition as there are components in the mixture. The problem of mixture analysis is therefore often reduced to the problem of estimating the number of components present in the sample.
Integrated control of freeway entrance ramps by threshold regulation

The problem of freeway ramp control is investigated by modelling the freeway as a tandem-server queue. Two optimization problems are formulated. The resulting control procedures are quite similar to those which have been derived from markedly different approaches and models. Generalizations of the model and associated problems are discussed.
Cell cycle regulation of histone H1 kinase activity associated with the adenoviral protein E1A

Several cellular proteins form stable complexes with the proteins encoded by the adenovirus early region 1A (E1A) gene in extracts derived from adenovirus infected or transformed cells. Two of the cellular proteins that bind to E1A have been identified; one, a 105-kilodalton protein (pRb), is the product of the retinoblastoma gene, and the other, a 60-kilodalton protein, is a human cyclin A. Two other proteins that bind E1A have now been shown to be related to p34cdc2. This E1A complex displayed histone H1-specific kinase activity; the kinase activity was modulated during the cell division cycle, and association of pRb with E1A apparently was not required for this activity.
Quark and gluon pair production in SU(N) covariant constant fields

Abstract The neutralization rate of covariant constant SU( N ) fields due to quark and gluon pair creation is calculated semiclassically including interactions between the produced pair. For SU(3) we find that this rate is remarkably independent of the color orientation in the Cartan subspace. Phenomenological consequences for quark-gluon plasma production in ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions are considered.
Nonstandard Speaking Students: What Should We Do?

In our schools today we are increasingly facing the dilemma of language differences. The recent United States District Court Decision regarding the case of the Martin Luther King, Jr., Elementary School Children et al. versus the Ann Arbor School District Board, has surfaced long existing issues regarding teaching and nonstandard dialects. (13)(14) The suit was filed by the parents of eleven low-income, minority students who attend this predominantly upper middle class school, charging that the school did not take the children's nonstandard dialects into account and was not
C60-doped silicon dioxide sonogels for optical limiting

ABSTRACT We report the successful preparation of a solid solution of C60 in a silicon dioxide (Si02) glass matrix by meansof sol-gel chemistry. Raman spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction were used to verify that our synthetic route produced glasses with a homogeneous dispersion of intact fullerenes. The vibrational spectrum of C60 is preserved in the C60/Si02 gel glass. Raman and X-ray diffraction data confirm that the C60 is microscopically dispersed, and doesnot form detectable phase-separated, microcrystalline regions. We report preliminary observations of optical limitingin these gels, with intensity and concentration dependence consistent with that observed for C60 in solution. 1 INTRODUCTION Since the first isolation of buckminsterfullerene (C60) in appreciable 1 there has been an explosion ofresearch into the unique chemical and physical properties of this new form of carbon.2 The fullerenes possess uniquenonlinear optical properties, due to their highly polarizable conjugated ir-electrons which are delocalized over thesurface of the carbon cage.3 Several reports have appeared on optical limiting in C60/toluene solutions,4'5 and inC60/polyinethylmethacrylate composites.6 The excited-state absorption cross-section for C60 is much larger than theground-state absorption, bcith in the singlet and triplet manifolds.79 This property results in significant additional
Do better stories make better memories? Narrative quality and memory accuracy in preschool children

The present study examines how the quality of children's narratives relates to the accuracy of those narratives. Sixty-one 3- to 5-year-olds played a novel game with a researcher in their schools. Children were questioned in an interview that included an open-ended free recall prompt followed by a series of directed questions. Children's narratives were coded for volume, complexity and cohesion as well as for accuracy. Correlational results showed that overall, narrative skills enable the reporting of more information, while decreasing the proportion of information that was accurate. These results appeared to be driven by a quantity-accuracy trade-off; in an ensuing regression analysis with all narrative variables entered into the model, volume was associated with decreases in accuracy while narrative cohesion was associated with increases in accuracy. We discuss the results in terms of their relationship to the development of autobiographical memory as well as implications for forensic contexts. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Language: en
Remarks on the Proceedings of “Race and Gender Preferences at the Crossroads”

Passage of the Michigan Civil Rights Initiative in November 2006 by a wide margin (58 to 42) dramatically accelerated the pace of the movement started by California’s Proposition 209 to end the use of racial and gender preferences in public education and employment. A direct consequence of the encouraging Michigan result was the introduction of five more state initiatives, three of which in Arizona, Colorado, and Nebraska qualified for the ballot. Passage of these proposals could signal a decisive change in the national outlook for preferences, and accordingly, the California Association of Scholars decided that this would be the right time to mount a conference on “Racial and Gender Preferences at the Crossroads.” It was held on January 19, 2008, at the University of Southern California. We decided to focus on three questions. First, what is the latest state of knowledge and opinion on the damage that preferences do? Second, what has happened in California since Proposition 209 passed? And third, what will happen in the five state campaigns this year, and howwill that affect the national climate with respect to preferences? Those questions became the three panels of the conference. The keynote speaker was Ward Connerly, founder and chairman of the American Civil Rights Institute.
Clinal variation in anuran advertisement calls: basis for acoustic isolation?

The calls of male treefrogs (Eleutherodactylus coqui) were studied along an altitudinal gradient in the Luquillo Mountains in eastern Puerto Rico. The fundamental frequency of each note in the advertisement call was highly negatively correlated with altitude. Although males responded vigorously to playbacks of calls of other males recorded at their own altitude, males at high altitudes responded less frequently to recorded calls of males from low altitudes, and males at low altitudes responded less frequently to recorded calls of males from high altitudes. These results are discussed in relation to potential isolation in contiguous populations of E. coqui.
A bent Laue–Laue monochromator for a synchrotron‐based monochromatic x‐ray computed tomography system

A bent Laue–Laue monochromator for wide, fan-shaped synchrotron x-ray beams was designed and constructed for the program Multiple Energy Computed Tomography (MECT) at the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS). MECT uses monochromatic x-ray beams from the NSLS’s X17B beamline for CT with improved imagecontrast-to-noise ratio,image quantification, and the efficacy for dual-energy imaging. The new monochromator uses two Czochralski-grown Si〈111〉 crystals, which are 0.7 and 1.4 mm thick, respectively, and are cut with thick ribs on their upper and lower ends. The crystals are bent cylindrically, using 4-rod benders employing two fixed and two movable rods. The bent-crystal method was needed to solve the difficulties we had with the flat Laue–Laue monochromator previously used in MECT; these included: (a) insufficient beam intensity, (b) excessive beam-intensity fluctuations, and (c) instability of the beam’s horizontal profile shape. Compared with flat Laue–Laue monochromator, the bent Laue–Laue device tested at 42 keV and 108 keV showed ∼10-fold increase in the beam flux, ∼5-fold improvement of beam-profile stability, ∼10-fold suppression of beam harmonic contamination at the bending radius of 15 m, and a smaller energy bandwidth at certain bending radii. The new monochromator should reduce MECT’s imagenoise and artifacts, bringing its performance close to that of the ideal CT.
Maximizing the quantitative accuracy and reproducibility of Förster resonance energy transfer measurement for screening by high throughput widefield microscopy

Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between fluorescent proteins (FPs) provides insights into the proximities and orientations of FPs as surrogates of the biochemical interactions and structures of the factors to which the FPs are genetically fused. As powerful as FRET methods are, technical issues have impeded their broad adoption in the biologic sciences. One hurdle to accurate and reproducible FRET microscopy measurement stems from variable fluorescence backgrounds both within a field and between different fields. Those variations introduce errors into the precise quantification of fluorescence levels on which the quantitative accuracy of FRET measurement is highly dependent. This measurement error is particularly problematic for screening campaigns since minimal well-to-well variation is necessary to faithfully identify wells with altered values. High content screening depends also upon maximizing the numbers of cells imaged, which is best achieved by low magnification high throughput microscopy. But, low magnification introduces flat-field correction issues that degrade the accuracy of background correction to cause poor reproducibility in FRET measurement. For live cell imaging, fluorescence of cell culture media in the fluorescence collection channels for the FPs commonly used for FRET analysis is a high source of background error. These signal-to-noise problems are compounded by the desire to express proteins at biologically meaningful levels that may only be marginally above the strong fluorescence background. Here, techniques are presented that correct for background fluctuations. Accurate calculation of FRET is realized even from images in which a non-flat background is 10-fold higher than the signal.
The Role of Recruiting Source Informativeness and Organizational Perceptions in Decisions to Apply

Although recruitment researchers often discuss influences on decisions to apply for jobs, few studies assess actual application behavior. This study of individuals who expressed an interest in a firefighter job revealed that applying was related to recruiting source informativeness and organizational familiarity. Source informativeness was not related to self-selection out of the process after application or performance on the selection process, but was related to perceptions of familiarity and to applicant demographics. Implications for recruitment are discussed.
Notes On Certain Species of Octolasmis (Cirripedia, Thoracica) From Deep Sea Crustacea

in a mud diet. By contrast the hepatopancreas is feebly developed for a member of the Reptantia. In all individuals which I have examined the gut, with the exception of the short mid-gut region, has been packed with mud. I think that there can thus be no reasonable doubt that Thalassina is a mud-feeder, obtaining its nourishment from algae, protozoa, small organic particles, etc. in the interstices of the mud. It is hoped that at a later date it may be possible to publish a more detailed account of food and feeding in Thalassina. This, unfortunately, is not possible at the moment because of demands made by other activities on the time of the very small number of practising zoologists in this country. REFERENCES
Facile chemical synthesis of DNA-doped PEDOT

Abstract Herein we report the template polymerization of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) using a biomacromolecule, DNA, as the polyelectrolyte. The resultant bio-composite material formed a stable, aqueous-dispersible system. Higher conductivities than that of conventionally prepared PEDOT-PSS without conductivity enhancing additives were observed ( ca . 1.0 S/cm versus ca . 0.15 S/cm). The material was redox active in the dispersed state and in the solid state. The DNA double helix was found to undergo changes in conformation upon redox switching, resulting in controllable variance of its ability to polarize light. This non-acidic template is non-corrosive and is therefore an ideal candidate for use in device applications. The system described is potentially bioactive and biocompatible, as well, which would further extend its applicability.
Norms from quadratic fields and their relation to noncommuting 2×2 matrices III. A link between the 4-rank of the ideal class groups inQ\((\sqrt m )\) and inQ\((\sqrt { - m} )\)

This paper is concerned with the representation of an integral 2 x 2 matrix A as A = S₁S₂ with S_i = S'_i and integral and facts connected with it. In [6] the following was shown. If the characteristic polynomial of A is x²-m with m square free and ≡2 or 3(4) then a factorization of A as above is only possible if the ideal class in Z[√m[ associated with A is of order a factor of 4. If the ideal class is of order 4 then the S_i cannot be unimodular. Now it is shown that a factorization for an A with characteristic polynomial x²-m, m square free, leads to an ideal class in the narrow sense of order 4 in Z[√-m]. This is achieved by associating with the factorization an integral ternary form representing zero in a nontrivial way. The conditions for this to happen are known.
Calcium use during in-hospital pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a report from the National Registry of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation.

OBJECTIVES. Specific patterns of calcium use during in-hospital pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation have not been reported since publication of pediatric advanced life support guidelines by the American Heart Association in 2000 recommended that calcium use during cardiopulmonary resuscitation be limited to select circumstances. We hypothesized that calcium is used frequently during in-hospital pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation and that its use is associated with worse survival to hospital discharge. METHODS. We reviewed 1477 consecutive pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation index events (for patients younger than 18 years) submitted to the National Registry of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation from January 2000 through July 2004. The primary outcome was survival to hospital discharge. Secondary outcomes included survival of event and neurologic outcome. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to analyze the association between calcium use and outcomes. RESULTS. Calcium was used in 659 (45%) of 1477 events. Calcium was more likely to be used during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the settings of pediatric facilities, ICUs, cardiac surgery, cardiopulmonary resuscitation duration of ≥15 minutes, asystole, and concurrently with other advanced life support medications: epinephrine, vasopressin, sodium bicarbonate, and magnesium sulfate. The use of calcium during cardiopulmonary resuscitation adjusted for confounding factors was associated with decreased survival to discharge and was not associated with favorable neurologic outcome. CONCLUSIONS. Calcium is used frequently during in-hospital pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Although epidemiologic associations do not necessarily indicate causality, calcium use during cardiopulmonary resuscitation is associated with decreased survival to hospital discharge and unfavorable neurologic outcome.
Colonization of South America from Caribbean Islands Confirmed by Molecular Phylogeny with Increased Taxon Sampling

Abstract. A previous phylogeny of New World orioles (Icterus) suggested a possible example of island-to-mainland colonization. Using two mitochondrial genes (cytochrome b and ND2), that study showed that 43 of the recognized species/ subspecies are divided into three clades (A, B, C). Because of a lack of fresh tissue, however, two key taxa—the South American Orange-crowned Oriole (I. auricapillus) and the Caribbean Hispaniola Oriole (I. dominicensis dominicensis)—were missing from that analysis. To complete the phylogeny, we sequenced both genes for these taxa and reconstructed a well-supported phylogeny via parsimony and maximum-likelihood analyses. The addition of I. d. dominicensis to the phylogeny confirms that the Greater Antillean Oriole (I. dominicensis) is polyphyletic, and taxonomic revision of this species complex is warranted. Also, the placement of I. auricapillus and I. d. dominicensis within clade A has important implications for biogeography. The revised phylogeny implies that clade A orio...
Femoral artery catheterization and vessel tortuosity

In the era of selective and superselective arteriography, vessel tortuosity, even in the presence of good pulses, can impede catheterization of the aorta and its branches. We assessed 101 patients who had femoral arteriography to determine whether there was a significant difference in tortuosity between the right and left sides and to define the degree to which significant tortuosity was bilateral.
Phase equilibria in the system InCoP at 450 °C

Abstract Phase equilibria were established in the InCoP system at 450 °C using X-ray diffraction and electron probe microanalysis. No ternary phases were detected in the system and the ternary solubilities of the binary phases were found to be negligible. InP was demonstrated to be in thermodynamic equilibrium with liquid indium metal, CoP3 and CoP. Owing to its metallic nature, CoP was suggested as a potential contact material to InP for use in electronic devices. The experimentally determined InCoP 450 °C isotherm was identical to an isotherm calculated from thermodynamic data found in the literature for the constituent binary phases. The present investigation demonstrated the utility of estimating phase equilibria in indium-transition metal-phosphorus systems prior to experimental determination.
Phospholipase A activities in rat placentas of 14 days' gestation.

Abstract 1. 1. Homogenates and subcellular fractions of placentas obtained from rats on the 14th day of gestation were assayed for enzymes characteristic of various subcellular organelies. Based on these assays it seemed the placental lysosomes (acid phosphatase activity) were distributed equally among the subcellular particulate fractions and that the cytosol was not contaminated by mitochondria or microsomes. 2. 2. The placental preparations were assayed for phospholipase A activity using 2-[ 14 C]phosphatidylethanolamine. We found phospholipases A with pH optima of 4.0, 7.0, and 8.5. These enzymes had Ca 2+ requirements and subcellular localizations similar to those reported for adult rat liver (Waite M., Scherphof G.L., Boshouivers F.M.G. and van Deenen L.L.M. (1969) J. Lipid Res. 10, 411.) 3. 3. The majority of the placental phospholipase A activity was found in the cytosol. We think this activity represents enzyme(s) solubilized from the plasma membranes of placental cells and speculate that this enzyme may be active in a placental transport mechanism.
Sexual Behavior Problems in Dogs and Cats

Sexual behavior problems do occur as a primary diagnosis, but excessive sexual behavior is a common secondary problem. Mounting occurs in almost half of dogs with behavior problems and 20% of cats with behavior problems.
In vitro binding of bile acids by soy bean (Glycine max), black eye bean (Vigna unguiculata), garbanzo (Cicer arietinum) and lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) ☆

Abstract The in vitro binding of bile acids by soy bean ( Glycine max ), black eye bean ( Vigna unguiculata ), garbanzo ( Cicer arietinum ) and lima bean ( Phaseolus lunatus ) was determined, using a mixture of bile acids secreted in human bile at a duodenal physiological pH 6.3. Six treatments and two blank incubations were conducted, testing substrates on an equal protein basis. Considering cholestyramine as 100 bound, the relative in vitro bile acid bindings for the soy bean, black eye bean, garbanzo and lima bean, on equal protein basis, were 6%, 14%, 47% and 17%, respectively. Relative bile acid binding on equal dry matter (DM), total dietary fibre (TDF) and insoluble dietary fibre (IDF) basis were for soy bean, 2%, 10% and 12%, black eye bean, 3%, 21% and 25%, garbanzo 10%, 68% and 80%, and lima bean 4%, 19% and 23%, respectively. Except for garbanzo, where values were much higher, bile acid bindings by soy bean, black eye bean and lima bean appear to be related to their DM content. These results indicate that bile acid binding by garbanzo > black eye beans=lima beans > soy beans shows their relative health-promoting potential. Incorporation of garbanzo, black eye and lima bean in diets should be encouraged. Data suggest that, of all four kinds of beans tested, bile acid binding may be related to phytochemical (flavonoid, tannin, estrogenic content), anionic, cationic, physical and chemical structure, composition and metabolites, or their interaction with active binding sites. Animal studies are in progress to validate relationship of in vitro binding of various beans observed herein to lipids, cholesterol-lowering and atherosclerosis amelioration.
Are Acute Stroke-Ready Hospitals Ready?

See related article, p 3382. In 2005, an American Stroke Association Task Force report described the rationale and components of an integrated stroke system of care extending from primordial prevention through primary prevention, acute management, secondary prevention, and poststroke rehabilitation and recovery.1 The principle that optimal patient outcomes depend on the consistent implementation of care processes that are based on the best available evidence and that are facilitated by key organizational features was implicit in the approach.2 For acute stroke care, a 3-tiered system was envisioned composed of acute stroke–capable hospitals, having limited resources but possessing the means to deliver emergent stroke therapies; primary stroke center (PSC) hospitals, having the additional capacity to care for patients with stroke after the acute period; and comprehensive stroke center hospitals, having specialized resources and personnel to provide stroke treatment and rehabilitation that surpass those expected at PSCs.1 This tiered system of organization of hospitals was again endorsed in an updated American Heart Association/American Stroke Association policy statement.3 At the time of the original American Stroke Association 2005 Task Force report, in cooperation with the American Heart Association, the Joint Commission had already begun certifying PSC hospitals based on criteria developed by the Brain Attack Coalition (BAC).4 Started in December 2003, the PSC program has been embraced throughout the country, with >925 hospitals having been certified in 48 states as of July 2012 (http://www.jointcommission.org). The competitive healthcare marketplace in the United States has likely contributed to a hospital seeking PSC designation because there was little move to improve hospital-based stroke-related care organization in the years before the PSC program began.5 Several states have now developed their own stroke center certification programs as well. Joint Commission PSC certification involves rigorous biannual on-site reviews and regular reports on a …
Novel analogues of the therapeutic complement inhibitor compstatin with significantly improved affinity and potency

Compstatin is a 13-residue disulfide-bridged peptide that inhibits a key step in the activation of the human complement system. Compstatin and its derivatives have shown great promise for the treatment of many clinical disorders associated with unbalanced complement activity. To obtain more potent compstatin analogues, we have now performed an N-methylation scan of the peptide backbone and amino acid substitutions at position 13. One analogue (Ac-I[CVW(Me)QDW-Sar-AHRC](NMe)I-NH(2)) displayed a 1000-fold increase in both potency (IC(50) = 62 nM) and binding affinity for C3b (K(D) = 2.3 nM) over that of the original compstatin. Biophysical analysis using surface plasmon resonance and isothermal titration calorimetry suggests that the improved binding originates from more favorable free conformation and stronger hydrophobic interactions. This study provides a series of significantly improved drug leads for therapeutic applications in complement-related diseases, and offers new insights into the structure-activity relationships of compstatin analogues.