cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Serum protein profiles to identify head and neck cancer.

Purpose: New and more consistent biomarkers of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are needed to improve early detection of disease and to monitor successful patient management. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a new proteomic technology could correctly identify protein expression profiles for cancer in patient serum samples. Experimental Design: Surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry ProteinChip system was used to screen for differentially expressed proteins in serum from 99 patients with HNSCC and 102 normal controls. Protein peak clustering and classification analyses of the surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization spectral data were performed using the Biomarker Wizard and Biomarker Patterns software (version 3.0), respectively (Ciphergen Biosystems, Fremont, CA). Results: Several proteins, with masses ranging from 2,778 to 20,800 Da, were differentially expressed between HNSCC and the healthy controls. The serum protein expression profiles were used to develop and train a classification and regression tree algorithm, which reliably achieved a sensitivity of 83.3% and a specificity of 100% in discriminating HNSCC from normal controls. Conclusions: We propose that this technique has potential for the development of a screening test for the detection of HNSCC.
Reconfigurable parallel approximate string matching on FPGAs

This paper presents a design and implementation of a reconfigurable parallel approximate string matching hardware on FPGAs. The design is based on a linear systolic dataflow algorithm, and control logic is added to reconfigure the resulting hardware. For the k-differences version of the approximate string matching problem, the proposed approach finds all approximate occurrences of a pattern in the reference string, with the time complexity O(n+m) where n and m are lengths of the reference string and the pattern, respectively. Unlike other hardware approaches found in the literature, the design is size optimized since it uses only m PEs that are independent on the reference string length. Also the design is flexible for handling arbitrary size pattern strings within the maximum bound. The design is implemented and tested on the target device Xilinx Spartan 2S XC2S200EPQ208.
Damage Assessment of a Nonlinear Space Antenna Structure Using Quasi-Linearization Methods

Health monitoring of structural systems for the detection of damage is a critical practice in determining their safety and service life. A large amount of research has been done in applying damage detection analysis to linear models of structures. Although many real structures exhibit nonlinear behavior before or as a result of damage, there are currently few tools to apply damage detection analysis to structures that are modeled by nonlinear differential equations. The objective of this study is to initiate a facet of damage detection analysis applied to such nonlinear models of structures. Given a parameterized ordinary differential equation model of a structural system (linear or nonlinear), parameter estimation can serve as an assessment of possible or known damage to the structure. A numerical analysis of estimating parameters in a nonlinear structural model is investigated by applying a quasi-linearization method. The analysis is successfully performed on a nonlinear eight-degree-of-freedom space antenna model.
Neural network stabilizing control of single machine power system with control limits

Power system stabilizers are widely used to generate supplementary control signals for the excitation system in order to damp out the low frequency oscillations. This paper proposes a stable neural network (NN) controller for the stabilization of a single machine infinite bus power system. In the power system control literature, simplified-analytical models are used to represent the power system and the controller designs are not based on rigorous stability analysis. This work overcomes the two major problems by using an accurate analytical model for controller development and presents the closed-loop stability analysis. The NN is used to approximate the complex nonlinear power system online and the weights of which can be set to zero to avoid the time consuming offline training process. Magnitude constraint of the activators is modeled as saturation nonlinearities and is included in the Lyapunov stability analysis. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed design can successfully damp out oscillations. The control algorithms of This work can also be applied to other similar control problems.
The microarchitecture of superscalar processors

Superscalar processing is the latest in along series of innovations aimed at producing ever-faster microprocessors. By exploiting instruction-level parallelism, superscalar processors are capable of executing more than one instruction in a clock cycle. This paper discusses the microarchitecture of superscalar processors. We begin with a discussion of the general problem solved by superscalar processors: converting an ostensibly sequential program into a more parallel one. The principles underlying this process, and the constraints that must be met, are discussed. The paper then provides a description of the specific implementation techniques used in the important phases of superscalar processing. The major phases include: (1) instruction fetching and conditional branch processing, (2) the determination of data dependences involving register values, (3) the initiation, or issuing, of instructions for parallel execution, (4) the communication of data values through memory via loads and stores, and (5) committing the process state in correct order so that precise interrupts can be supported. Examples of recent superscalar microprocessors, the MIPS R10000, the DEC 21164, and the AMD K5 are used to illustrate a variety of superscalar methods.
The Development of Implicit Attitudes Evidence of Race Evaluations From Ages 6 and 10 and Adulthood

To understand the origin and development of implicit attitudes, we measured race attitudes in White American 6-year-olds, 10-year-olds, and adults by first developing a child-oriented version of the Implicit Association Test (Child IAT). Remarkably, implicit pro-White/ anti-Black bias was evident even in the youngest group, with self-reported attitudes revealing bias in the same direction. In 10-year-olds and adults, the same magnitude of implicit race bias was observed, although self-reported race attitudes became substantially less biased in older children and vanished entirely in adults, who self-reported equally favorable attitudes toward Whites and Blacks. These data are the first to show an asymmetry in the development of implicit and explicit race attitudes, with explicit attitudes becoming more egalitarian and implicit attitudes remaining stable and favoring the in-group across development. We offer a tentative suggestion that mean levels of implicit and explicit attitudes diverge around age 10.
The Fermi bubbles: gamma-ray, microwave and polarization signatures of leptonic AGN jets

The origin of the Fermi bubbles and the microwave haze is yet to be determined. To disentangle different models requires detailed comparisons between theoretical predictions and multi-wavelength observations. Our previous simulations have demonstrated that the primary features of the Fermi bubbles could be successfully reproduced by recent jet activity from the central active galactic nucleus (AGN). In this work, we generate gamma-ray and microwave maps and spectra based on the simulated properties of cosmic rays (CRs) and magnetic fields in order to examine whether the observed bubble and haze emission could be explained by leptons contained in the AGN jets. We also investigate the model predictions of the polarization properties of the Fermi bubbles. We find that: (1) The same population of leptons can simultaneously explain the bubble and haze emission given that the magnetic fields within the bubbles are very close to the exponentially distributed ambient field, which can be explained by mixing in of the ambient field followed by turbulent field amplification; (2) The centrally peaked microwave profile suggests CR replenishment, which is consistent with the presence of a more recent second jet event; (3) The bubble interior exhibits a high degree of polarization because of ordered radial magnetic field lines stretched by elongated vortices behind the shocks; highly-polarized signals could also be observed inside the draping layer; (4) Enhancement of rotation measures could exist within the shock-compressed layer because of increased gas density and more amplified and ordered magnetic fields. We discuss the possibility that the deficient haze emission at b<-35 degrees is due to the suppression of magnetic fields, which is consistent with the existence of lower-energy CRs causing the polarized emission at 2.3 GHz. Possible AGN jet composition in the leptonic scenario is also discussed.
Population Genetic Baseline of the First Plataspid Stink Bug Symbiosis (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Plataspidae) Reported in North America

The stink bug, Megacopta cribraria, has an obligate relationship with a bacterial endosymbiont which allows it to feed on legumes. The insect is a pest of soybeans in Asia and was first reported in the Western Hemisphere in October 2009 on kudzu vine, Pueraria montana, in North Georgia, USA. By October 2010 M. cribraria had been confirmed in 80 counties in Georgia actively feeding on kudzu vine and soybean plants. Since the symbiosis may support the bug's ecological expansions, a population genetic baseline for the symbiosis was developed from mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear DNA (nuDNA) gene sequence collected from each insect and its primary g- proteobacterium and secondary a -proteobacterium endosymbionts. A single mitochondrial DNA haplotype was found in all insects sampled in Georgia and South Carolina identified as GA1. The GAI haplotype appears to be rapidly dispersing across Georgia and into contiguous states. Primary and secondary endosymbiont gene sequences from M. cribraria in Georgia were the same as those found in recently collected Megacopta samples from Japan. The implications of these data are discussed.
Miracle Workers: Gender and State Mediation among Textile and Garment Workers in Mexico's Transition to Industrial Development

In the 1930s, the Mexican federal government consolidated political control following the chaos of the revolution and developed strategies for industrial development and economic growth. In 1936, at the height of the Popular Front and amid unabashedly progressive declarations by Mexican President Lazaro Cardenas, the Department of Labor ordered an investigation to insure the protection of women’s and children’s labor rights. The “new woman” in postrevolutionary Mexico would be both a conscientious mother (protected by her husband) and a productive wage laborer (protected by the paterfamilias of the federal government). Two years later, confronting political and economic realities within Mexico, the Cardenas government all but abandoned this agenda, turning a blind eye to labor abuses as labor-intensive enterprises leaned on underpaid women workers to facilitate the transition to industrial production.
Mechanisms of Decreased Vascular Function With Aging

Atherosclerosis of the coronary, cerebral, or peripheral circulation, the single leading cause of morbidity and mortality in most countries, develops with aging. Therefore, advanced age is one of the primary risk factors for the presence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Abnormalities in the regulatory functions of the vascular endothelium, commonly referred to as “endothelial dysfunction,” are among the earliest detectable stages in the process of atherosclerosis. For example, patients with traditional risk factors, eg, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, diabetes mellitus, and obesity, but without overt evidence of atherosclerosis, have demonstrable endothelial dysfunction. In turn, this abnormality contributes to the premature development and to the progression of the atherosclerotic process. All of those aforementioned conditions are also associated with advanced age, thus leading to an important question: are there mechanisms that result in vascular degeneration and disease with aging that are independent of known or traditional risk factors? The answer seems to be yes, based on the results of earlier studies that have shown the presence of endothelial dysfunction and other vascular abnormalities in older subjects, even when controlling for risk factors.1 It is important to note that not all studies have controlled for all risk factors. Moreover, even when the known traditional risk factors are accounted for, other so-called novel risk factors may still be more prevalent among older patients and may help to contribute to any reported vascular abnormality, hence the difficulty in establishing the independent contribution of aging to atherosclerosis. What are the mechanisms that may lead to progressive worsening of vascular function and structure with aging above and beyond those conditions known to be associated with atherosclerosis? Previous studies, in both animal models and humans, have shown that aging is associated with a gradual decline of NO activity in the vessel wall.1 Increased formation of reactive oxygen …
Effect of the antimicrobial peptide, D-hecate, on trichomonads.

Tritrichomonas foetus and Trichomonas vaginalis are protozoan parasites that cause sexually transmitted diseases in cattle and humans, respectively. There is a need for new antimicrobial agents to treat or prevent trichomoniasis because there are currently no approved chemotherapeutic agents against T. foetus and resistance of T. vaginalis to metronidazole does occur. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of a novel antimicrobial peptide, d-hecate, on the viability of 6 isolates of T. foetus and T. vaginalis in vitro. Tritrichomonas foetus and T. vaginalis were grown to mid log phase (24 hr) or late log/stationary phase (48 hr). Parasites at 106/ml were mixed with equal volumes of d-hecate to final concentrations of 10 µM, 20 µM, and 40 µM of d-hecate. Controls had minimal essential medium (MEM) alone. The numbers of viable parasites were determined microscopically after 10, 20, and 30 min of incubation at 37 C with d-hecate or MEM. Our results show that d-hecate killed all 6 isolates of T. foetus and T. vag...
Naturally occurring ferric iron sanidine from the Leucite Hills lamproite

Sanidine crystals precipitating from lamproitic magmas characteristically contain appreciable amounts of FeH. Sanidine grains from the Leucite Hills lamproites (Wyoming) have compositions in which up to 70 mol% of the KAISi30gmolecule is replaced by KFeHSi30g, thus constituting a new natural feldspar component. Sanidine is among the last phases to crystallize in the groundmass of Leucite Hills lamproites and rarely exceeds 150 /Lmin length. Nearly all grains are zoned in Fe, ranging from 2.5 wt% FeZ03in the cores to 19.6 wt% FeZ03at rims adjacent to quenched glass. The Fe-rich rims are relatively narrow on (010) crystal faces in comparison with (001) faces (maximum width 10 /Lm),probably reflecting faster- (001) and slower-growing(010) crystallographic directions. A near-perfect correlation is obtained by combining Ti, Mg, and excess Si cations with FeH in tetrahedral substitution for AI. Insufficient numbers of R2+ cations exist to balance the high concentrations of Mg through an R2+Mg2+R'-~R~~ substitution, suggestingthe exchangeMg2+ Si4+ AI~i in 2KAlSi30g,analogousto that found in synthetic leucite and kalsilite. Selected-area electron diffraction and convergent-beam electron diffraction show that the Fe-rich sanidine rims have a C2/m structure with cell dimensions of a = 8.68 :t 0.15, b = 13.14 :t 0.23, c = 7.31 :t 0.15 A, ex= 90.0 :t 0.54, (J = 116.0 :t 0.46, 'Y= 90.0 :t 0.33°, and a calculated cell volume of 747 :t 21 A3.These crystallographic data are in very close agreement to those obtained previously for synthetic KFeHSi30g. The unusually high concentrations of FeH, Ti, and Mg in the sanidine rims are likely the consequence of rapid crystallization during quenching of an unusually Siand K-rich, yet AI-deficient residual magma.
A semi-implicit augmented IIM for Navier-Stokes equations with open, traction, or free boundary conditions

In this paper, a new Navier-Stokes solver based on a finite difference approximation is proposed to solve incompressible flows on irregular domains with open, traction, and free boundary conditions, which can be applied to simulations of fluid structure interaction, implicit solvent model for biomolecular applications and other free boundary or interface problems. For some problems of this type, the projection method and the augmented immersed interface method (IIM) do not work well or does not work at all. The proposed new Navier-Stokes solver is based on the local pressure boundary method, and a semi-implicit augmented IIM. A fast Poisson solver can be used in our algorithm which gives us the potential for developing fast overall solvers in the future. The time discretization is based on a second order multi-step method. Numerical tests with exact solutions are presented to validate the accuracy of the method. Application to fluid structure interaction between an incompressible fluid and a compressible gas bubble is also presented.
“Dis-Synchrony” of Coping among Children with Cancer, their Families, and the Treating Staff

“Dis-synchrony” in coping refers to an occurrence at different points in time of unevenness in specific cognitive appraisals or affective states of parent and patient, parent and parent, patient and sibling, and patient, family, and staff. In this presentation, I will discuss the role of the mental health worker in facilitating or enabling communication and synchrony, or in Dr. Kaplan’s terms, “mediating the stresses” caused by a lack of synchrony (Kaplan, 1973). Several vignettes will be presented which demonstrate some interventions between a mother and her nine year old daughter.
Understanding and Assessing Word Comprehension.

The intermodal preferential looking (IPL) task was developed to assess comprehension in infants and toddlers. We extend this methodology to examine word comprehension in preschool children using two measures: proportion of looking time to target (LTT) and longest look (LL) to target. Children (3–6 years) were tested with the IPL for comprehension of nouns, verbs, and adjectives. Both LTT and LL scores showed that, across all ages, eye gaze to the target word increased from baseline to test; there were higher scores for nouns compared to verbs and adjectives. We also compare IPL performance to scores on a standardized test of receptive vocabulary (the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test—Fourth Edition). Correlations with Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test scores were stronger for LTT than LL measures. The IPL may provide an alternative method for assessing word comprehension in preschool children with behavioral limitations.
Contribution of monomodal AP/HC propellants to bimodal plateau-burning propellants

The goal of this paper is to present additional data on "anomalous burning" of monomodal propellants, and their effect on bimodal propellants. Such information is needed for modeling the burning of bimodal propellants and rational design of highsolids, plateau-burning propellants. The results include the determination of the no-burn conditions for these very fuel-rich monomodal pocket propellants (or matrices) based on particle size, oxidizer-to-fuel ratio, type of binder, and pressure. For several conditions, the dependence of burning rate on pressure is shown (selected combinations of AP size, oxidizer-to-fuel ratio and binder that are near the no-burn domain). A family of bimodal propellants derived from these matrices is then tested. The burning rates and quenched surface features of these propellants are presented for comparison to the corresponding matrices.
Robotic-Assisted Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy (RAMIE): Ivor Lewis

It has become increasingly recognized that minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) approaches have comparable oncologic and functional outcomes as open approaches. Additionally, a growing body of literature – including one prospective, randomized, controlled study – suggests that MIE provides improvements in pulmonary and wound complications and short-term pain indices, compared with open surgery.
A composite parallel intelligent controller for multimodal and uncertain systems: design and development

This paper presents design and development of a new intelligent controller consisting of three software agents for the control of parametric and functionally uncertain multi-modal systems. First the development of a stable parallel controller scheme will be discussed. Then, Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) based agent design and the adaptive law formulation will be detailed. Further, the design details of a fuzzy multiple model generator and the algorithmic development and the pseudo codes are illustrated. The importance of the proposed control scheme is assessed by applying it for the position control of a single link robotic manipulator. It has been found that the proposed scheme is stable and produced precision tracking of the position trajectory in the presence of parametric and functional uncertainty in manipulator model.
Influence of Chronic Exercise and Electrical Stress on Hepatic Glucose-6-Phosphatase Activity in Rats

Abstract To assess the response of hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase to chronic exercise and electrical stress, five groups of 15–18 adult male rats were assigned to experimental regimens for 70 days, after which enzyme activity, expressed as mg of inorganic phosphate released in 15 min. by the entire liver per 100-g body weight, was assayed. The regimens were (a) sedentary housing + electrical stress, (b) voluntary-activity housing + electrical stress, (c) sedentary housing + electrical stress + forced exercise, (d) sedentary control, and (e) voluntary activity control. The electrical stress consisted of electric shocks administered once every 15-sec. for 1/2 hr. daily, whereas the forced exercise was a daily 1/2-hr. swim with weights attached to the animals' tails. Mean enzyme activities and standard errors by groups were (a) 74.5 ± 3.8, (b) 66.1 ± 2.8, (c) 69.9 ± 3.7, (d) 68.2 ± 3.4, and (e) 59.9 ± 3.5. The analysis of variance detected no significant (p < .05) differences between groups, indicating that a...
Dorsally Recumbent Urinary Endoscopic Surgery

Laparoscopic cystotomy is the method of choice for treatment of a cystic calculus in the horse. The main advantage of this procedure over others is the excellent ability to view and gain operative access to the urinary bladder. This article describes the procedure, including techniques, instrumentation, preoperative and postoperative care, and complications.
283 Sle risk haplotypes are associated with development of serologic autoimmunity in healthy individuals

Background and aims ANA are one of the earliest features of lupus, preceding the onset of clinical symptoms. The genetic risk factors that underlie the development of serological autoimmunity are unknown. A genome-wide association study was undertaken to understand the genetics of ANA development. Methods Serum and DNA were collected from 2635 healthy individuals with no personal history of autoimmunity. Sera from 724 individuals (ANA-, ANA+, and SLE) were assayed by protein microarray quantifying IgM and IgG responses to 96 human autoantigens. A nested cohort of subjects consisting of all the ANA+ Caucasian individuals and matched ANA- controls were genotyped. Results In healthy individuals, 16.2% had moderate and 8.0% had high levels of IgG antinuclear antibodies. ANA+ healthy individuals had a high prevalence of antibodies to non-nuclear and cytoplasmic antigens, while subjects with SLE predictably produced antibodies to a variety of nuclear antigens. A quantitative genetic association test with ANA identified genomic loci associated with high ANA phenotype. HLA was second strongest signal (p=6.2x10-6). The frequencies of SLE risk haplotypes at several loci were significantly increased in the ANA high positive group compared to ANA negative subjects. However, SLE risk haplotypes at other loci were only high in the SLE group, suggesting their main role in a transition to clinical disease. Conclusions The genetic risk for the development of ANA includes many of the previously documented SLE risk haplotypes. However, other genetic associations are specific for SLE, suggesting distinct risk factors for ANA and for lupus.
Graduate Medical Education—Accelerated Change

Graduate medical education (GME) is a critical link in the educational chain for physicians. Graduating from a strict apprenticeship model, GME has become a highly structured educational system whose peer-review organization provides an intentional and direct approach to ensuring that GME not only addresses the public's expectations of the profession but also positions itself to be a foundational structure in the outcomes-focused healthcare environment of the nation. GME is currently in a state of accelerated change-grounded in both educational and patient outcomes. This article provides an update on the significant changes that have occurred in GME over the past 10 years, a review of current initiatives and the perspectives related to educating physicians-in-training. Additionally, an analysis is provided on the future of GME, including areas of continued focus and uncertainty.
Drug-induced nephropathies.

Drugs are associated frequently with the development of various types of acute and chronic kidney diseases. Nephrotoxicity is associated most commonly with injury in the tubulointerstitial compartment manifested as either acute tubular injury or acute interstitial nephritis. A growing number of reports has also highlighted the potential for drug-induced glomerular disease, including direct cellular injury and immune-mediated injury. Recognition of drug-induced nephropathies and rapid discontinuation of the offending agents are critical to maximizing the likelihood of renal function recovery. This review will focus on the pathology and pathogenesis of drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis and drug-induced glomerular diseases.
TG-Interacting Factor Regulates Proliferation and Differentiation of Human Myeloid Leukemia Cells

Abstract Transforming growth-interacting factor (TGIF) is a homeobox transcriptional repressor that has been implicated in holoprosencephaly and various types of cancer. TGIF is expressed in hematopoietic stem cells and modulates TGF-β and retinoic acid (RA) signaling, both of which play an important role in hematopoiesis. We recently reported that TGIF's levels correlate inversely with survival in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. Here we present the first direct evidence of a role for TGIF in myelopoiesis. We used short hairpin RNA interference to define the effects of TGIF knockdown on proliferation and differentiation of myeloid leukemia-derived cell lines. We show that TGIF levels increase with myeloid differentiation and its knockdown resulted in reduced proliferation and differentiation, and lower expression of CEBPβ, CEBPe, PU.1 and RUNX1, key myeloid transcription factors. The reduction in proliferation was not attributable to a block at a particular stage of cell cycle or a significant increase in apoptosis. Furthermore, we show that TGIF knockdown results in increased TGF-β and decreased RA signaling. Consistent with our progenitor cell line results, bone marrow cells derived from Tgif-null mice produced reduced number of colonies in methylcellulose colony forming assays. Insights into the molecular basis of TGIF's effects were provided by a genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation-based elucidation of TGIF target genes. Together, these data suggest that TGIF has a role in regulating the balance between proliferation and differentiation. Reduced TGIF expression could tip the balance toward quiescent leukemic cells (including leukemic stem cells), providing them protection from anti-cycle agents.
Wittgenstein on Truth

This paper will address four related questions.—What is the account of truth that Wittgenstein gives in the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus?
Clinical Characteristics and Outcome of Hepatic Sarcoidosis: A Population-Based Study 1976-2013.

Clinical Characteristics and Outcome of Hepatic Sarcoidosis: A Population-Based Study 1976–2013
Substance Use and the Number of Male Sexual Partners by African American and Puerto Rican Women

Background In the United States (US), there are 19 million new sexually transmitted disease (STD) infections each year. Untreated STDs can lead to serious long-term adverse health consequences, especially for young women. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that undiagnosed and untreated STDs cause at least 24,000 women in the US each year to become infertile. This clearly is a public health issue of great concern for young women. Materials and Methods The current cross-sectional study included a community sample consisting of 343 female participants (50% African Americans, 50% Puerto Ricans) at their mean age of 39 years. Regression analyses were conducted to examine the associations of time-varying factors within-person (e.g., substance use) and fixed effects factors between-persons (e.g., race/ethnicity) with the number of male sexual partners. Results Alcohol use (b=0.14, p<0.01), cannabis use (b=1.10, p<0.01), marital status - unmarried (b=-0.16, p<0.05), and race/ethnicity - African American (b=-0.20, p<0.01) were significantly related to having a higher number of male sex partners in the past year. Conclusions From a public health perspective, treatment and prevention programs for sexual risk behavior focused on substance use as well as socio-cultural factors (i.e., marital status, race/ethnicity) may be more effective than programs focused only on substance use.
The Spirit of Terania

This chapter assesses the influence and dissemination of the effects of Terania Creek on an individual, national and international scale. The protest led to the direct establishment of other environmental organisations, most notably the Nomadic Action Group, the North East Forest Alliance and the Rainforest Information Centre. This chapter will also demonstrate how techniques pioneered at Terania Creek have been directly employed by Earth First!, the British anti-roads movement, Irish forest campaigners, rainforest advocates in Borneo and, more recently, the global anti-fracking movement. It will end with a discussion of the Bentley Blockade, the most significant protest event to occur in the region since Terania Creek.
Role of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in sepsis-induced muscle catabolism.

Several lines of evidence suggest that the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is involved in sepsis-induced muscle catabolism. The gene expression of ubiquitin and several of the proteasome subunits was increased in muscle from both septic rats and patients. In other studies, the activity of isolated 20S proteasomes was stimulated in septic muscles. Sepsis-induced increase in muscle total and myofibrillar protein breakdown was inhibited with specific proteasome blockers. Although the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is upregulated in septic muscle, it is still unclear how the myofibrillar proteins actin and myosin are ubiquitinated and become substrates for the 26S proteasome. Recent studies suggest that a calcium-dependent, calpain-mediated process releases myofilaments from the Z-disks during sepsis. It is possible that this process exposes destabilizing N-terminal residues on actin and myosin, making them suitable substrates for the N-end rule pathway involving the 14 kD ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E214k and the ubiquitin-protein ligase E3α.
Nuclear Reactor Kinetics: 1934–1999 and Beyond

When one of the editors of this book, Professor Yousry Azmy, asked me to give a lecture on the development of reactor kinetics during the twentieth century and the future direction of research in this area in the twenty-first century, my reaction was, “Wow! Review the developments of a century of reactor kinetics. That’s a lot to cover.” But then, upon reflection on the fact that the discipline of reactor kinetics, and reactor physics in general, did not even exist until the 1930s, I realized that I did not have to review a whole century of development, but rather, a mere two thirds of the century! Still a somewhat daunting task!
Modulation of fas/fasL in a murine retroviral infection by AZT and methionine enkephalin.

Inappropriate induction of apoptosis has broad ranging pathologic implications and is associated with Alzheimer’s, Hodgkin’s and graft-versus-host diseases, transplant rejection, autoimmune disorders and diseases such as cancer and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (1), Induction of apoptosis of immune cells leading to a pathogenesis characterized by immunosuppression has been described in simian, bird, cat, mouse, and human retroviral diseases (2-4). There is substantial evidence that the significant increase of apoptosis in immune cells seen during retroviral infection may be regulated, at least in part, by Fas:FasL expression. Studies on the mechanisms by which CD4+ cells progress to AICD reveal that T helper type 1 (Thl) cells expressing FasL can undergo AICD, but T helper type 2 (Th2) cells that do not express high levels of FasL do not, allowing for a more sophisticated regulation of CD4+ T cells (6,7). Noble et al.(8) demonstrated that although activated CD8+ T cells that express FasL and Fas eliminate activated CD4+ T cell in a Fas-dependent mechanism, CD8+ T cells are resistant to Fas-dependent apoptosis. Differential susceptibility of Th subsets to Fasmediated AICD by CD8+ T cells allows for a preferential removal of Thl cells and an enhanced development of the Th2 immune response. The murine retrovirus, Friend leukemia virus (FLV) was first described by Charlotte Friend in 1957 (9) and since has been studied as a model for several retroviral infections including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (10-12). FLV disease manifests several similarities to HIV infection, including immunosuppression and development of fatal disease. FLV provides a cost effective first screen for anti-retroviral therapy (13). Profound
Laser/Light Applications in Otolaryngology

Historically, in otolaryngology, the laser was used like a scalpel or cautery to incise, cauterize, and coagulate tissue in a precise fashion. Contemporary laser use in the head, neck, and upper airway now focus upon treating for a wide range of clinical applications. By selecting the correct laser wavelength and selecting appropriate dosimetry parameters, surgeons can control both the temporal and spatial evolution of heat within the target site, creating different tissue effects depending upon the desired clinical outcome. Light is variably absorbed and scattered as it propagates through tissue, and the distribution of light in tissue determines the nature of the specific interaction.1 As in dermatology, the selection of the appropriate laser in head and neck applications is critically important. The selection of a specific device and mode of delivery are just as important as wavelength and dosimetry.
How to Prepare the Best Possible Curriculum Vitae

A critical component of early success in academic medicine is the curriculum vitae (CV), which provides a detailed overview of the academic physician’s specific expertise and skills in a clear and organized fashion. Learning to prepare an excellent CV early in one’s career will greatly assist the academic physician throughout his or her professional life, given the importance of the CV and its subspecies (e.g., the bio sketch, resume, dossier) for achievement of institutional advancement and research funding. A chronological format for the academic medicine CV is often preferred, and some experts recommend maintaining “short” and “long” versions of the CV to have available for tailoring to specific needs. The CV should be valued as a “living document” that the academic physician commits to keeping updated through means that work best for him or her. Always follow appropriate CV guidelines from one’s pertinent institution or organization, and give consideration to its mission goals in highlighting specific factors in one’s CV. Bold one’s name in the bibliography, and provide annotations for “team science” contributions. Personal or autobiographical statements, which are often required to accompany the CV, should summarize one’s experience and expertise in a relevant field and succinctly convey one’s particular value to an intended proposal or institutional application. Finally, keep in mind that first impressions are lasting; therefore, ensure validity throughout one’s CV and carefully review for any typographical or grammatical errors, inconsistent formatting, or other presentation flaws.
The crux of the UGDP. Spurious results and biologically inappropriate data analysis.

1) The statistical methods utilized by UGDP investigators were inappropriate to the biopharmacological nature of the questions addressed and the conclusions drawn from the study. 2) The anomalous sex ratio of cardiovascular deaths in PLBO subjects constitutes a spurious result which renders suspect all UGDP conclusions based on comparison with that group.
Alternate pathway for the click reaction of 2-(2-azidophenyl)-4,5-diaryloxazoles.

Abstract The CuSO4/ascorbate-mediated ‘click’ reaction of 2-(2-azidophenyl)-4,5-diaryloxazoles and arylacetylenes proceeded through an alternate pathway whereby reduction of the azide predominated over formation of the 1,2,3-triazole-forming cycloaddition. The unimolecular product, 2-(2-aminophenyl)-4,5-diphenyloxazole, was isolated which appears to be a formal reduction of the arylazide to the corresponding arylamine. A series of oxazoles which possessed various substituents (F, Cl, Br, OCH3) on the 4,5-diaryl rings and having the 2-azido group on the 2-oxazolylphenyl position were submitted to the same ‘click’ conditions and gave the corresponding arylamine products (73–99%). The reaction appears to be specific toward the ortho-azido substitution of the polycyclic system, as the corresponding azidomethyl-substituted phenyl oxazoles do not give the ‘reduction’ products but gave the expected click products with the acetylenic co-reactants.
Reviews and Resources:Public Health and Infectious Diseases: BOOK

Public Health and Infectious Diseases is about infectious diseases and their link to public health. It is a comprehensive compilation and discussion of clinical and research data that can be used by many public health and biomedical professionals, including clinicians, epidemiologists, and infectious disease research scientists, as well as faculty and students. Hamer and Griffiths provide in the introductory chapter a historical review about infectious diseases and their role in the 21st century. They identify the most important neglected infectious diseases and those that are emerging, and discuss the important role of zoonotic reservoirs. The authors point out that despite the many significant advances made in diagnosing and treating infectious diseases, they still remain a major cause of morbidity, disability, and mortality.
High-Dose Chemotherapy and Autologous Stem Cell Transplant.

Germ cell tumors (GCT) are the most common cancer in men between 15 and 35 years of age and the incidence has increased during the past several decades. This article reviews the current knowledge on high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) and stem cell transplant for salvage treatment of patients with relapsed metastatic GCT. Furthermore, the authors attempt to dissect the controversy of using standard-dose versus high-dose therapy as initial salvage and identify patients who are most likely to benefit from HDCT and peripheral blood stem cell transplant.
Constraining symmetron dark energy using atom interferometry

The symmetron field is one of the promising candidates of dark energy scalar fields. In all viable candidate field theories, a screening mechanism is implemented to be consistent with existing tests of general relativity. The screening effect in the symmetron theory manifests its influence only to the thin outer layer of a bulk object, where inside a dense material the symmetry of the field is restored and no force exists. For pointlike particles such as atoms, the depth of screening is larger than the size of the particle, such that the screening mechanism is ineffective and the symmetron force is fully expressed on the atomic test particles. Extra force measurements using atom interferometry are thus much more sensitive than bulk mass based measurements, and indeed have placed the most stringent constraints on the parameters characterizing symmetron field in certain region. There is however no clear direct connection between the laboratory measurements and astrophysical observations, where the constraints are far separated by 10 orders of magnitude in the parameter space. In this paper, we present a closed-form expression for the symmetron acceleration of realistic atomic experiments. The expression is validated through numerical simulations for a terrestrial fifth-force experiment using atom interferometry. As a result, we show the connection of the atomic measurement constraints to the astrophysical ones. We also estimate the attainable symmetron constraints from a previously proposed experiment in space intended for a test of chameleon theory. The atomic constraints on the symmetron theory will be further improved by orders of magnitude.
Impact of shift work on blood pressure among emergency medical services clinicians and related shift workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background: Compared to day workers, shift workers face an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease. We reviewed the evidence to address the research question: Does acute exposure to shift work impact (blunt) the natural drop (dip) in Blood Pressure (BP) occurring during sleep and/or nighttime hours? (PROSPERO CRD42018110847). Methods: We performed a systematic review of five databases. We compared pooled estimates of mean BP stratified by periods of shift work, rest/leisure, and sleep, and evaluated the quality of evidence with the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework. Results: Our search covered 1/1/1980-10/24/2018 and yielded 1,636 records. Inter-rater agreement during screening was high (Kappa=0.87). We retained 44 studies described in 50 publications. We identified wide variation in shift worker type, shift schedules, and regularity of BP measurements. Most studies examined BP during one shift workday and one rest/leisure day. No study examined the impact of repeated exposure to shift work on the sleep-related dip in BP. Eighteen studies examined night shifts and one reported on BP during sleep post night shift. Compared to BP measured during shift work, BP measured during any sleep period separate from shift work was lower by 17.5 mmHg Systolic BP (95%CI 15.75, 19.27) and 15.4 mmHg lower for Diastolic BP (95%CI 14.38, 16.42) (p Conclusions: There is limited research exploring the acute and long-term impact of shift work on BP during sleep. The available evidence is heterogenous, low quality, and suggests that the mean dip in BP during sleep separate from shift work is not blunted.
Precision Neurology for Parkinson’s Disease: Coupling Miro1‐Based Diagnosis With Drug Discovery

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a debilitating movement disorder, significantly afflicting the aging population. Efforts to develop an effective treatment have been challenged by the lack of understanding of the pathological mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration. We have shown that Miro1, an outer mitochondrial membrane protein, situates at the intersection of the complex genetic and functional network of PD. Removing Miro1 from the surface of damaged mitochondria is a prerequisite for mitochondrial clearance via mitophagy. Parkinson's proteins PINK1, Parkin, and LRRK2 are the molecular helpers to remove Miro1 from dysfunctional mitochondria destined for mitophagy. We have found a delay in clearing Miro1 and initiating mitophagy in postmortem brains and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons from PD patients harboring mutations in LRRK2, PINK1, or Parkin, or from sporadic PD patients with no known mutations. In addition, we have shown that reducing Miro1 by both genetic and pharmacological approaches can correct this Miro1 phenotype and rescue Parkinson's-relevant phenotypes in human neurons and fly PD models. These results suggest that the Miro1 defect may be a common denominator for PD, and compounds that reduce Miro1 promise a new class of drugs to battle PD. We propose to couple this Miro1 phenotype with Miro1-based drug discovery in future therapeutic studies, which could significantly improve the success of clinical trials. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Operating Room Times For Teaching and Nonteaching Cases are Converging: Less Time for Learning?

Objective To compare differences in operating room (OR) times between teaching and nonteaching cases across calendar years. We hypothesize that time devoted to intraoperative resident education is decreasing, therefore, OR times for teaching and nonteaching cases will be converging. Background Teaching cases take longer than similar nonteaching cases, in part due to intraoperative resident education. Pressures to improve OR efficiency and patient safety may threaten resident education and leave less time for intraoperative learning; however, the magnitude of impact is unknown. Setting/Participants National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) deidentified national databases from 2006 to 2012, queried for 30 most common General surgery procedures and case teaching status (i.e., teaching vs. nonteaching cases). Design The NSQIP database was retrospectively reviewed to identify the 30 most common General Surgery procedures. Teaching cases included all operations in which a resident participated. Multivariable regression analyses were constructed to determine the impact of resident involvement on OR times, controlling for year, resident participation, procedure, and patient demographics and comorbidities. Difference-in-difference analysis was performed to assess OR time differences between teaching and nonteaching cases across calendar years and within subpopulations. Results A total of 693,223 cases met inclusion criteria. Average overall OR times were 98.89 minutes (teaching) vs. 74.22 minutes (nonteaching), with a difference of 24.67 minutes (95% confidence interval [CI] 24.34-24.99 minutes, p Conclusions OR times for teaching and nonteaching cases converged by approximately 8 minutes per general surgery procedure during the 7-year study period, representing a 36% reduction in the difference between groups. We must seek to better understand the source of this convergence, and in doing so ensure to preserve and enhance the intraoperative learning experience of surgical trainees.
Palliative care referrals in patients with advanced cancer on early-phase cancer clinical trials (EP-CTs).

29Background: EP-CTs investigate novel therapeutic approaches for patients with cancer, but little is known about the utilization of supportive care services, specifically palliative care (PC), in ...