cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of supplemental heat for nursing piglets.

The effect of absence or presence of supplemental heat for nursing piglets (a 250-watt lamp suspended 45 cm above the sleeping area for each litter) was studied from October to April in each of three successive winter seasons. Ambient room temperature was 21 C. Sows were fed a fortified corn-soybean meal diet and piglets did not have access to creep feed. Floors were constructed of either wood and expanded metal or steel slats and expanded metal combinations. In Exp. 1, piglets were given either no supplemental heat or a heat lamp from birth to 21 days. Percentages of piglets that died within the first 3 days were 13.4 and 4.4%, respectively. Total losses for the 21-day period were 18.5 and 11.0%, respectively. Average body weight gains were 3.50 kg for the unsupplemented piglets and 3.69 kg for the heat-supplemented piglets. In Exp. 2, 133 litters were used to evaluate the effects of the absence or presence of supplemental heat from day 3 postpartum. Supplemental heat was provided either from day 3 to day 6 or from day 3 to day 21. The control litters had no supplemental heat from day 3 to day 21. Neither sow feed consumption nor body weight change was significantly affected by treatment. Percentage death loss was not significantly affected by treatment, but piglet body weight gain was greater (p less than .01) when the heat lamp was used, for the total period.
Adaptive Feedback Control of Molecular Motion

Control of molecular-scale events, including chemical reactions, has been a long sought-after goal. A central problem is to design control fields such that particular molecular objectives are achieved while suppressing undesirable processes. The techniques of optimal control theory within quantum mechanics provides the framework for carrying out the designs. By replacing the model of the molecule in the computer with the actual molecule in the laboratory, various design problems can be overcome. In this fashion, the molecule acts as an analog computer, to solve its own dynamical equations in appropriate pump-probe experiments performed iteratively, and guided by a learning algorithm to ultimately achieve the desired molecular control objective. The practicality of this approach and some future directions of the field will also be discussed.
In Vitro and In Vivo Efficacy of the Monocarboxylate Transporter 1 Inhibitor AR-C155858 in the Murine 4T1 Breast Cancer Tumor Model

Monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1), also known as a l-lactate transporter, is a potential therapeutic target in cancer. The objectives of this study were to evaluate efficacy and assess concentration-effect relationships of AR-C155858 (a selective and potent MCT1 inhibitor) in murine 4T1 breast cancer cells and in the 4T1 tumor xenograft model. Western blotting of 4T1 cells demonstrated triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) characteristics and overexpression of MCT1 and CD147 (a MCT1 accessory protein), but absence of MCT4 expression. AR-C155858 inhibited the cellular l-lactate uptake and cellular proliferation at low nanomolar potencies (IC50 values of 25.0 ± 4.2 and 20.2 ± 0.2 nM, respectively). In the xenograft 4T1 mouse model of immunocompetent animals, AR-C155858 (10 mg/kg i.p. once daily) had no effect on tumor volume and weight. Treatment with AR-C155858 resulted in slightly increased tumor lactate concentrations; however, the changes were not statistically significant. AR-C155858 was well tolerated, as demonstrated by the unchanged body weight and blood lactate concentrations. Average blood and tumor AR-C155858 concentrations (110 ± 22 and 574 ± 245 nM, respectively), 24 h after the last dose, were well above the IC50 values. These data indicate that AR-C155858 penetrated 4T1 xenograft tumors and was present at high concentrations but was ineffective in decreasing tumor growth. Evaluations of AR-C155858 in other preclinical models of breast cancer are needed to further assess its efficacy.
Atomic approaches towards stability

Single-atom catalysts recently attracted considerable research interest for heterogeneous electrocatalysis, including the oxygen reduction reaction. Now, an intriguing two-step approach towards a less explored atomic nitrogen-coordinated manganese with a high loading density has been developed.
The spirit of science

Liujun Zou says that China needs to do more to support fundamental science so that the country can play a leading part in the technologies of the future
Punishment Beyond the Deportee: The Collateral Consequences of Deportation:

Deportations from the United States reached record highs in the aftermath of the Great Recession (2007-2009). At the peak of this wave of deportations, over 400,000 people were deported from the Un...
Electroskip auditory biofeedback in a patient with Parkinson disease: a case report

The purpose of this case study was to observe the effects of a rehabilitation program with an audio-biofeedback technology device called Electroskip in a patient with Parkinson disease. The patient was a 61-year-old man with moderate Parkinson disease (Hoehn and Yahr Parkinson's scale stage III) and dementia who had progressive episodes of freezing of gait. The patient also had a history of recent falls. The patient completed a 6-week rehabilitation program focused on functional tasks, balance and gait training while using Electroskip technology, which is a wireless, wearable device that sends a discrete real-time generative audio-biofeedback signal when the user steps on either the heel or toe force sensors positioned under the innersoles. The outcome measures included the Timed Up and Go test, the modified Gait Abnormality Rating Scale, the modified Parkinson's Activity Scale, and the Freezing of Gait Questionnaire. The patient completed 17 of the 18 scheduled training sessions and all testing sessions; no adverse events occurred during the rehabilitation program and high satisfaction levels were reported by the patient and family after completion of the 6-week rehabilitation program. Clinically significant improvements were seen in all measures at 6 weeks. The results of this report suggest that a rehabilitation program focused on functional tasks, balance, and gait training using the Electroskip technology may be beneficial for improving gait and balance in a patient with moderate Parkinson disease. Future work is needed to determine the effectiveness of Electroskip technology by means of randomized controlled trials.
Domestic Workers and Foreign Occupation: Haitian Servants, US Marines, and Conflicts over Labor and Empire in Haiti, 1915–1934

During the US military occupation of Haiti, domestic workers performed the crucial labor that allowed Marine households, the city of Port-au-Prince, and the entire country to function. In this sense, they represented a human infrastructure for the entire occupation. Their experiences show that the debates over labor, race, and sovereignty that defined the high politics of the occupation actually reached into private spaces where face-to-face interactions between occupier and occupied occurred. Domestic work, like other types of labor in the occupation, ran the gamut from highly coerced forms of unpaid child labor and convict work to various configurations of wage labor. Domestic sites influenced mutual processes of race-making, including the US exoticist obsession with Haitian Vodou. Servants’ conflicts with their Marine employers included—but ultimately went beyond—daily struggles over labor. Their proximity to marines influenced domestics’ participation in acts of anti-imperial activism, such as the Caco rebellion, and explains why servants were invoked by radical journalists and cultural nationalist writers who opposed US rule. Domestics’ activities also highlight under-explored areas of Haitian activism, such as their use of formal state institutions to seek redress and their participation in emerging forms of urban protest that included other members of the urban working class. Although novel and relatively small during the occupation, such urban protests have become a staple of Haitian politics in the present day.
Transcriptome analysis of hippocampal subfields identifies gene expression profiles associated with long-term active place avoidance memory

The hippocampus plays a critical role in storing and retrieving spatial information. By targeting the dorsal hippocampus and manipulating specific candidate molecules using pharmacological and genetic manipulations, we have previously discovered that long-term active place avoidance memory requires transient activation of particular molecules in dorsal hippocampus. These molecules include amongst others, the persistent kinases Ca-calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII) and the atypical protein kinase C isoform PKC{iota}{lambda} for acquisition of the conditioned behavior, whereas persistent activation of the other atypical PKC, protein kinase M zeta (PKM{zeta}) is necessary for maintaining the memory for at least a month. It nonetheless remains unclear what other molecules and their interactions maintain active place avoidance long-term memory, and the candidate molecule approach is both impractical and inadequate to identify new candidates since there are so many to survey. Here we use a complementary approach to identify candidates by transcriptional profiling of hippocampus subregions after formation of the long-term active place avoidance memory. Interestingly, 24-h after conditioning and soon after expressing memory retention, immediate early genes were upregulated in the dentate gyrus but not Ammon's horn of the memory expressing group. In addition to determining what genes are differentially regulated during memory maintenance, we performed an integrative, unbiased survey of the genes with expression levels that covary with behavioral measures of active place avoidance memory persistence. Gene Ontology analysis of the most differentially expressed genes shows that active place avoidance memory is associated with activation of transcription and synaptic differentiation in dentate gyrus but not CA3 or CA1, whereas hypothesis-driven candidate molecule analyses identified insignificant changes in the expression of many LTP-associated molecules in the various hippocampal subfields, nor did they covary with active place avoidance memory expression, ruling out strong transcriptional regulation but not translational regulation, which was not investigated. These findings and the data set establish an unbiased resource to screen for molecules and evaluate hypotheses for the molecular components of a hippocampus-dependent, long-term active place avoidance memory.
Feasibility and clinical utility of a pan-solid tumor targeted RNA fusion panel: A single center experience.

Abstract Gene fusions are caused by chromosomal rearrangements and encode fusion proteins that can act as oncogenic drivers in cancers. Traditional methods for detecting oncogenic fusion transcripts include fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). However, these methods are limited in scalability and pose significant technical and interpretational challenges. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is a high-throughput method for detecting genetic abnormalities and providing prognostic and therapeutic information for cancer patients. We present our experience with the validation of a custom-designed Archer Anchored Multiplex PCR (AMP™) technology-based NGS technology, “NYU FUSION-SEQer” using RNA sequencing. We examine both analytical performance and clinical utility of the panel using 75 retrospective validation samples and 84 prospective clinical samples of solid tumors. Our panel showed robust sequencing performance with strong enrichment for target regions. The lower limit of detection was 12.5% tumor fraction at 125 ng of RNA input. The panel demonstrated excellent analytic accuracy, with 100% sensitivity, 100% specificity and 100% reproducibility on validation samples. Finally, in the prospective cohort, the panel detected fusions in 61% cases (n = 51), out of which 41% (n = 21) enabling diagnosis and 59% (n = 30) enabling treatment and prognosis. We demonstrate that the fusion panel can accurately, efficiently and cost-effectively detect the majority of known fusion genes, novel clinically relevant fusions and provides an excellent tool for discovery of new fusion genes in solid tumors.
Digital Media Network Projects: Classroom Inclusivity Through a Symphilosophical Approach

This chapter looks at the process of merging literary research on the Romantic idea of symphilosophy with a pedagogical approach oriented toward classroom inclusivity that attends to the learning needs of all students regardless of their gender, age, race, disability, and sexual orientation through a peer-like environment including the instructor. The use of this core concept of the European literary tradition lends itself to a decolonialization of literature and language courses in conjunction with feminist ideas because they prioritized post-colonialism and postmodernism and brought into focus theories of intersectionality. I believe that German Romantic philosophy—with its openness to dialogue, emancipation of women, and acculturation of Jews in the Romantic salon—and its extension, the letter, are relevant to these pedagogical objectives regarding diversity and can be successfully applied in digital and social media projects. The Romantic salon can be then perceived as a decolonizing space albeit as a different type of decolonization.
Cyber management and value creation: an organisational learning-based approach

This paper highlights the relevance, utilisation, and leveragability of cyberspace for organisations from resource and learning perspectives. While cyberspace offers tantalising possibilities to cr...
chapter 4 – ENTIRE FUNCTIONS

In this chapter we undertake a systematic study of functions that are entire, that is, analytic everywhere on C. One of our aims is to represent entire functions as infinite products, and we first collect some of the basic properties of such products.
Expressive flexibility and trait anxiety in India and the United States

Abstract The present study aimed to assess the relationships between expressive flexibility, emotion regulation and trait anxiety in community samples from India and the United States. Online questionnaires were administered to 360 adults through Amazon's Mechanical Turk. We predicted (a) that being more flexible in emotional expression would be associated with lower trait anxiety and that culture would impact this relationship, (b) that cultural differences in emotion regulation and expressive flexibility would emerge, (c) that expressive flexibility would emerge as a stronger predictor of trait anxiety compared to emotion regulation, and (d) expressive flexibility would be predictive of emotion regulation. Correlations revealed that the more flexible an individual is in their emotional expression, the less trait anxiety they experience. This effect remained significant when controlling for where the participant grew up and currently resides but was reduced to nonsignificant when collectivist values were taken into account. More importantly, emotion regulation emerged as a stronger predictor of trait anxiety scores compared to expressive flexibility for both the Indian and US samples. The findings support the notion that cultural values contribute significantly to whether certain emotion regulation strategies and lower expressive flexibility lead to negative consequences in individual's lives.
Diagnosis and management of fetal intradiaphragmatic extralobar pulmonary sequestrations

Objective To explore the diagnosis and management of fetal intradiaphragmatic extralobar pulmonary sequestrations (FIEPS).Methods Retrospectively reviews were conducted for our experiences of fetal and pediatric bronchopulmonary sequestrations (BPS) from March 2011to March 2013 to identify the FIEPS patients.The diagnosis of FIEPS was confirmed by prenatal ultrasound,computed tomography (CT) scan and postnatal operation.Results A total of 45 BPS patients were confirmed by CT scan after birth and operated.The types of BPS were intralobar 12(26％) and extralobar 33(73 ％).Six (18 ％) patients had intra-diaphragm masses.None of the masses were within abdominal cavity.Their mean age of operation was 120 (3-540) days.In one case,initial abdominal approach was abandoned in favor of a thoracic approach after no finding of intraabdominal mass whereas the remaining 5 intradiaphragmatic cases were managed by a thoracic approach.All 6 patients underwent resection and survived.The diagnosis of FIEPS was confirmed pathologically.Conclusions FIEPS is predominantly diagnosed for prenatal extralobar pulmonary sequestration.And a proper differential diagnosis of intradiaphragmatic masses should be made for common fetal underdiaphragmatic masses.Intradiaphragmatic mass may be resected safely by thoracic and diaphragm approaches in neonates. Key words: Fetus; Bronchpulmonary sequestration; Neonate
Integrating brain imaging endophenotypes with GWAS for Alzheimer’s disease

Genome wide association studies (GWAS) have identified many genetic variants associated with increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). These susceptibility loci may effect AD indirectly through a combination of physiological brain changes. Many of these neuropathologic features are detectable via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this study, we examine the effects of such brain imaging derived phenotypes (IDPs) with genetic etiology on AD, using and comparing the following methods: two-sample Mendelian randomization (2SMR), generalized summary statistics based Mendelian randomization (GSMR), transcriptome wide association studies (TWAS) and the adaptive sum of powered score (aSPU) test. These methods do not require individual-level genotypic and phenotypic data but instead can rely only on an external reference panel and GWAS summary statistics. Using publicly available GWAS datasets from the International Genomics of Alzheimer’s Project (IGAP) and UK Biobank’s (UKBB) brain imaging initiatives, we identify 35 IDPs possibly associated with AD, many of which have well established or biologically plausible links to the characteristic cognitive impairments of this neurodegenerative disease. Our results highlight the increased power for detecting genetic associations achieved by multiple correlated SNP-based methods, i.e., aSPU, GSMR and TWAS, over MR methods based on independent SNPs (as instrumental variables). Example code is available at https://github.com/kathalexknuts/ADIDP .
Establishing Baseline Metrics of Heart Failure Medication Use in Children: A Collaborative Effort from the ACTION Network

Heart failure metrics specific to the pediatric population are required to successfully implement quality improvement initiatives in children with heart failure. Medication use at the time of discharge following admission for decompensated heart failure has been identified as a potential quality metric in this population. This study aimed to report medication use at discharge in the current era for children admitted with acute decompensated heart failure. All patients < 21 years of age with an index admission (1/1/2011–12/31/2019) for acute heart failure and a coexisting diagnosis of cardiomyopathy were identified from the Pediatric Health Information System. Medication use patterns were described and compared across age groups and centers. A total of 2288 patients were identified for inclusion. An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or an angiotensin receptor blocker (ACEi/ARB) was prescribed in 1479 (64.6%), beta blocker in 1132 (49.5%), and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) in 864 (37.8%) patients at discharge. The use of ACEi/ARB at discharge has decreased over time (64.6% vs. 69.6%, p = 0.001) and the use of beta blockers has increased (49.5% vs. 36.8%, p < 0.001) compared to a historical cohort (2001–2010). There is considerable variability in medication use across centers with an overall increase in beta blocker and decrease in ACEi/ARB use over time. Collaborative efforts are needed to standardize care and define quality metrics to identify best practices in the management of pediatric heart failure.
Adherence with lipid screening guidelines in standard- and high-risk children and adolescents.

Background Because atherosclerosis begins in childhood, universal lipid screening is recommended with special attention to conditions predisposing to early atherosclerosis. Data about real-world penetration of these guidelines is not available. Methods Retrospective cohort study using MarketScan® commercial and Medicaid insurance claims databases, a geographically representative sample of U.S. children. Subjects who passed through the 9- to 11-year window and had continuous insurance coverage between 1/1/2013 and 12/31/2016 were studied. Multivariable models were calculated, evaluating the association between other patient factors and the likelihood of screening. The primary hypothesis was that screening rates would be low, but that high-risk conditions would be associated with a higher likelihood of screening. Results In total, 572,522 children (51% male, 33% black, 11% Hispanic, 51% Medicaid) were studied. The prevalence of high-risk conditions was 2.2%. In unadjusted and adjusted analyses, these subjects were more likely to be screened than standard-risk subjects (47% vs. 20%, OR: 3.7, 95% CI 3.5-3.8, P Conclusions Despite national recommendations, lipid screening was performed in a minority of children. Though subjects with high-risk conditions had a higher likelihood of screening, rates remained low. This study highlights the need for research and advocacy regarding obstacles to lipid screening of children in the United States.
Reliability and sensitivity of suicide certification in higher-income countries

World Health Organization age-, sex-, and cause-specific mortality data for the United States and 19 other democratic higher-income countries were utilized to assess the reliability and sensitivity of suicide certification for purposes of cross-national research. Data are found to be highly reliable across age and sex (rs > 0.92; P < 0.001). Relative discrepancies between official suicide rates (putative lower limits) and projected upper limits vary widely internationally. Austrian and Dutch suicide certification is the most sensitive. Least sensitive is certification for certain subpopulations in Finland, Greece, Ireland, Israel, and the United Kingdom. We recommend similar analyses be performed for routine, low-cost surveillance of suicide data quality, and to guide choice of population groups for multivariate comparative research.
Genomic variation in the American pika: signatures of geographic isolation and implications for conservation

Distributional responses by alpine taxa to repeated, glacial-interglacial cycles throughout the last two million years have significantly influenced the spatial genetic structure of populations. These effects have been exacerbated for the American pika (Ochotona princeps), a small alpine lagomorph constrained by thermal sensitivity and a limited dispersal capacity. As a species of conservation concern, long-term lack of gene flow has important consequences for landscape genetic structure and levels of diversity within populations. Here, we use reduced representation sequencing (ddRADseq) to provide a genome-wide perspective on patterns of genetic variation across pika populations representing distinct subspecies. To investigate how landscape and environmental features shape genetic variation, we collected genetic samples from distinct geographic regions as well as across finer spatial scales in two geographically proximate mountain ranges of eastern Nevada. Our genome-wide analyses corroborate range-wide, mitochondrial subspecific designations and reveal pronounced fine-scale population structure between the Ruby Mountains and East Humboldt Range of eastern Nevada. Populations in Nevada were characterized by low genetic diversity (π = 0.0006–0.0009; θW = 0.0005–0.0007) relative to populations in California (π = 0.0014–0.0019; θW = 0.0011–0.0017) and the Rocky Mountains (π = 0.0025–0.0027; θW = 0.0021–0.0024), indicating substantial genetic drift in these isolated populations. Tajima’s D was positive for all sites (D = 0.240–0.811), consistent with recent contraction in population sizes range-wide. Substantial influences of geography, elevation and climate variables on genetic differentiation were also detected and may interact with the regional effects of anthropogenic climate change to force the loss of unique genetic lineages through continued population extirpations in the Great Basin and Sierra Nevada.
Absorption and Scattering by Sea Foam Streaks at Millimeter-Wave Frequencies

We quantify the attenuation of electromagnetic radiation by foam structures at millimeter-wave frequencies. This is one aspect of a project aiming to assess the feasibility of using millimeter-wave frequencies for remote sensing of air-sea processes. We use generalized multi-particle Mie scattering to obtain the absorption, scattering and extinction efficiency factors for foam streaks. The calculations are made for multiple frequencies (from 1 to 183 GHz), foam streak lengths (from 2 mm to 10 m), and bubble size parameters (from 0.04 to 8). The generated data allow investigation of the dependencies of foam efficiency factors on frequency, streak length, and size parameter.
Backward Stability of Explicit External Deflation for the Symmetric Eigenvalue Problem.

A thorough backward stability analysis of Hotelling's deflation, an explicit external deflation procedure through low-rank updates for computing many eigenpairs of a symmetric matrix, is presented. Computable upper bounds of the loss of the orthogonality of the computed eigenvectors and the symmetric backward error norm of the computed eigenpairs are derived. Sufficient conditions for the backward stability of the explicit external deflation procedure are revealed. Based on these theoretical results, the strategy for achieving numerical backward stability by dynamically selecting the shifts is proposed. Numerical results are presented to corroborate the theoretical analysis and to demonstrate the stability of the procedure for computing many eigenpairs of large symmetric matrices arising from applications.
Production of the Bc Meson

The production of the Bc and mesons was studied in the framework of the factorization formalism and perturbative QCD. Predicted results implied that an observable number of Bc and events can be produced at LEP I and at Tevatron. The fragmentation approximation describes the production of the Bc and mesons very well in high energy e+ e- collisions. In hadronic collisions, it is valid when and only when the transverse momentum PT of the produced Bc and is much larger than the mass of the Bc meson.
A Feminist Economist Joins the Conversation

Servaas Storm is correct in his assertion that currently macroeconomics needs fixing, and in his analyses, he shows that a renewed reliance on dynamic, stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models ...
Conducting virtual assessments in developmental research: COVID-19 restrictions as a case example

Developmental researchers face considerable challenges regarding maximizing data collection and reducing participant attrition. In this article, we use our experiences implementing our study on the...
Semi-Markovian Representation of User Behavior in Software Packages

Semi-Markov models have been used in the recent past to model user navigation behavior for personalization in the field of Web-based applications. However, research on its application to incorporate personalization in generalized software packages is rare. In this paper, we use a semi-Markov model to dynamically display personalized information in the form of high-utility software functions (states) of a software package to a user. We develop a demo package of ActiveX Servers and Controls as a test-bed.
Digitally Enhanced Learning

Are pervasive technologies reaching their potential in the classroom? Maria Ebling discusses the use of smart boards, clickers, smart pens, tablets, and smartphones, considering their current use in higher education.
A Review of: “Isabel Molina-Guzmán. Dangerous Curves: Latina Bodies in the Media. Angharad N. Valdivia. Latina/os and the Media.”

In the burgeoning field of Latin@ media studies, these two books—Isabel Molina-Guzman's Dangerous Curves: Latina Bodies in the Media and Angharad N. Valdivia's Latina/os and the Media—are both posi...
Deletion of REDD1 Ameliorates Sepsis-Induced Decrease in Muscle Protein Synthesis but has Divergent Effects on Proteolytic Signaling

Sepsis induced skeletal muscle atrophy and weakness is due to decreased mTORC1-mediated protein synthesis and increased proteolysis via the autophagy-lysosomal system and ubiquitin-proteasome pathw...
Modulation of myosin phosphorylation rates by weak near ambient DC magnetic fields

The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of weak, environmental range, AC and DC magnetic fields on myosin light chain phosphorylation in a cell-free system. The exposure system applied AC (16 Hz, 20.9 mu T) and DC (0-200 mu T, vertically and/or horizontally) magnetic fields. The results suggest that all of the AC, DC, and combination AC/DC magnetic fields significantly (30-100%, p >
Noninvasive MRI measurement of the absolute cerebral blood volume-cerebral blood flow relationship during visual stimulation in healthy humans.

Purpose The relationship between cerebral blood volume (CBV) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) underlies blood oxygenation level–dependent functional MRI signal. This study investigates the potential for improved characterization of the CBV-CBF relationship in humans, and examines sex effects as well as spatial variations in the CBV-CBF relationship. Methods Healthy subjects were imaged noninvasively at rest and during visual stimulation, constituting the first MRI measurement of the absolute CBV-CBF relationship in humans with complete coverage of the functional areas of interest. Results CBV and CBF estimates were consistent with the literature, and their relationship varied both spatially and with sex. In a region of interest with stimulus-induced activation in CBV and CBF at a significance level of the P < 0.05, a power function fit resulted in CBV = 2.1 CBF0.32 across all subjects, CBV = 0.8 CBF0.51 in females and CBV = 4.4 CBF0.15 in males. Exponents decreased in both sexes as ROIs were expanded to include less significantly activated regions. Conclusion Consideration for potential sex-related differences, as well as regional variations under a range of physiological states, may reconcile some of the variation across literature and advance our understanding of the underlying cerebrovascular physiology. Magn Reson Med 72:864–875, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Applications of Crystallographic Textures of Zirconium Alloys in the Nuclear Industry

This paper summarizes our recent work on thin sheets, thick-walled TREXs, and thin-walled tubings of Zircaloy materials with emphasis on texture analyses, orientation distribution functions, plasticity models, correlationof single crystal behavior to textured bulk materials as well as their application to in-reactor performance of cladding materials in LWRs. The mechanical anisotropy and strain localization were investigated on recrystallized Zircaloy-4 sheet using the grid method, which yielded the transverse contractile strain ratios (R,P), formability parameter B, critical strains to necking, and fracture. The anisotropy and formability parameters were also evaluated from texture data and crystallite orientation distribution function (CODF) using prism slip as the dominant deformation mode, and both the lower bound and Bishop-Hill analyses were considered. Excellent correlations were noted between the experimental results and lower bound model predictions. Constant strain-rate impression tests were used to evaluate the directional dependence of the mechanical characteristics of recrystallized Zircaloy-2 TREX from which the mechanical anisotropy and formability parameters were derived. The poor correlation between the experimental results and plasticity-CODF model predictions is attributed to the large texture gradients of the thick-walled tube shells. These parameters determined at the mid-wall using the grid method, however, correlated excellently with the prism model. Biaxial creep of cladding materials is considered in terms of creep loci at constant energy dissipation for CWSR Zircaloy-4 along with the results by Stehle et al. on recrystallized Zircaloy-4 and by Suzuki et al. on Zircaloy-2. Moreover, the anisotropic yield locus developed for Zircaloy-2 by Suzuki et al. is also considered. The minor compositional differences between the two alloys have negligible influences on their textures as well as their creep behaviors, and all of these results on the recrystallized materials agreed with the predicted creep locus based on prism slip. Quantitative correlations were made by appropriately adjusting the creep compliance. The creep behavior of CWSR cladding was quite different from the recrystallized and correlated with the assumption of basal slip dominance. The application of creep anisotropy derived from CODF in predicting the out-of-pile and in-pile creep behaviors of fuel rod cladding is demonstrated by considering appropriate model equations for thermal and radiation creep components as well as radiation growth developed by Murty et al., Wilson et al., and Clevinger et al.
Business Models of End-to-End Reconfigurable Systems

The objectives of the End-to-End Reconfigurability (E2R) research are to bring the full benefits of the valuable diversity within the radio eco-space, composed of a wide range of systems and to devise, develop and trial architectural design of reconfigurable devices and supporting system functions to offer an expanded set of operational choices to the different actors of the value chain. The end-to-end reconfigurability will help operators to better exploit their investments on infrastructures and terminals and should ensure that the infrastructure will be flexible and reconfigurable to accommodate evolving standards, applications and the end-user needs. This paper introduces briefly the overall E2R project system research then focuses on the business perspectives of end-to-end reconfigurability, introducing the Business Systems Architecture Process (BSAP) methodology. The business use-cases investigated by the E2R research project are presented, as well as the overall business model for end-to-end reconfigurable systems.
Endothelial progenitor cells control the angiogenic switch in mouse lung metastasis

Angiogenesis-mediated progression of micrometastasis to lethal macrometastasis is the major cause of death in cancer patients. Here, using mouse models of pulmonary metastasis, we identify bone marrow (BM)-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) as critical regulators of this angiogenic switch. We show that tumors induce expression of the transcription factor Id1 in the EPCs and that suppression of Id1 after metastatic colonization blocked EPC mobilization, caused angiogenesis inhibition, impaired pulmonary macrometastases, and increased survival of tumor-bearing animals. These findings establish the role of EPCs in metastatic progression in preclinical models and suggest that selective targeting of EPCs may merit investigation as a therapy for cancer patients with lung metastases.
Dynamic Wind Tunnel Tests of the Simulated Shuttle External Cable Trays

Oscillatory pitching and plunging experiments were performed on models of the cable trays employed on the external tank of the Space Shuttle. The models were mounted transversally to the flow to simulate the significant local cross flows that can be expected as a result of the effects of the bow shock around the nose of the solid rocket booster and the associated flow separation. Several cross sections of the trays were investigated and the surface of the external tank was simulated by a ground plane. The oscillatory experiments were supplemented by some flow visualization studies. Results were obtained over a range of Mach numbers from 0.21 to 0.95 and for a range of angles of attack. It was shown that the large aerodynamic undamping found at certain combinations of these parameters could be eliminated by the use of suitable ramps mounted on the ground plane upstream of the models. ONG trays of approximately rectangular cross section are employed on the external tank of the Space Shuttle to carry various cables from the tank and from the solid rocket boosters to the Orbiter. It was shown, by other investigators, that these trays can be exposed to significant local cross flows with concomitant flow separations and that such flows could, in principle, induce torsional or bending instability of the trays, thereby endangering their structural integrity. The present wind tunnel study had two purposes. The primary one was to determine the relevant static and dynamic aerodynamic characteristics of the trays in sufficient detail to permit the carrying out of a meaningful aeroelastic analysis of the problem. The secondary purpose was to examine the efficacy of various passive aerodynamic means to eliminate any instability that would be indicated by such an aeroelastic analysis of the initial tray configurations. For various reasons, it was not practical to consider the possibility of the strengthening of the trays or their mountings. The pertinent aeroelastic analysis and the relevant studies of the dynamics of separated flows are discussed by other investigators.1 This paper is primarily concerned with the dynamic wind tunnel experiments on the simulated model-scale cable trays. Full-Scale Problem and Its Model-Scale Simulation The location of the LO2 and LH2 cable trays on the ex- ternal tank of the Space Shuttle is shown in Fig. 1. The off- center location of these trays, toward the right-hand side solid rocket booster (SRB), is clearly visible. Because of this offset location, some segments of the cable trays, particularly the rear segments of the LO2 cable tray, are exposed to a significant amount of .cross flow caused by the SRB bow shock and by the associated flow separation on the external tank in the region of the SRB nose. This effect, already noted in Ref. 2, is also indicated in Fig. 1. The predicted longitudinal distribution of the cross flow over the LO2 and LH2 cable trays is shown in Fig. 2 for several Mach numbers
Disordered purinergic signaling and abnormal cellular metabolism are associated with development of liver cancer in Cd39/ENTPD1 null mice.

Liver cancer is associated with chronic inflammation, which is linked to immune dysregulation, disordered metabolism, and aberrant cell proliferation. Nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1; (CD39/ENTPD1) is an ectonucleotidase that regulates extracellular nucleotide/nucleoside concentrations by scavenging nucleotides to ultimately generate adenosine. These properties inhibit antitumor immune responses and promote angiogenesis, being permissive for the growth of transplanted tumors. Here we show that Cd39 deletion promotes development of both induced and spontaneous autochthonous liver cancer in mice. Loss of Cd39 results in higher concentrations of extracellular nucleotides, which stimulate proliferation of hepatocytes, abrogate autophagy, and disrupt glycolytic metabolism. Constitutive activation of Ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-S6K1 pathways occurs in both quiescent Cd39 null hepatocytes in vitro and liver tissues in vivo. Exogenous adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) boosts these signaling pathways, whereas rapamycin inhibits such aberrant responses in hepatocytes. Conclusion: Deletion of Cd39 and resulting changes in disordered purinergic signaling perturb hepatocellular metabolic/proliferative responses, paradoxically resulting in malignant transformation. These findings might impact adjunctive therapies for cancer. Our studies indicate that the biology of autochthonous and transplanted tumors is quite distinct. (HEPATOLOGY 2013)
Resource Mobilization: An Analysis of Conflicting Theoretical Variations

Although resource mobilization theory has brought a number of advances to the field of social movements, it does not constitute a unified body of theory. The principal divisions exist between McCarthy and Zald's “professional organizer” model and McAdam's “political process” model. Their disagreements are centered mainly around their conceptualizations of the role that elites play in the formation and development of social movements. It is believed that these differences can be reconciled by returning to the original precepts of resource mobilization theory.
Reduction of the turn-off delay of a germanium npn mesa by plastic deformation

Abstract The turn off delay of a germanium npn mesa transistor was reduced by plastic deformation. The evaporated SiO diffusion mask was used at temperatures above the plastic deformation temperature to produce slip. Dependence of the dislocation density on process parameters is given. The method of lowering the turn off delay is discussed.
Dynamic market impacts of generic dairy advertising

Abstract Generic advertising of fluid milk and cheese represents the principal promotional activity undertaken with the $370 million per year provided by dairy farmers and fluid milk processors. This article describes a stock-flow-feedback simulation model that includes 17 intermediate and final dairy products, short-term and long-term milk supply response and government policies that influence the impacts of generic advertising on net revenues for dairy farmers. Permanent increases in generic advertising expenditures increase net revenues for dairy farmers, with a cumulative net benefit to cost ratio of 2.8. Permanent decreases produce a larger reduction in net revenues and indicate a net benefit to cost ratio larger than 4.5. Spending a larger proportion of existing generic advertising funds on cheese rather than fluid milk would also markedly increased dairy farmer net revenues. Generic advertising increases net revenues for dairy farmers even when industry supply response and government regulation are accounted for.
Synergistic Effects of Interleukin-7 and Pre-T Cell Receptor Signaling in Human T Cell Development

The role of IL-7 in pre-T cell receptor (TCR) signaling during human T cell development is poorly understood. To study this, we engineered Molt3, a T cell progenitor T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line, using lentiviral IL-7 receptor α (IL-7Rα) to serve as a model system. IL-7 promoted pre-TCR activation in IL-7Rαhi Molt3 as illustrated by CD25 up-regulation after anti-CD3 stimulation. Anti-CD3 treatment activated Akt and Erk1/2 signaling pathways as proven using specific inhibitors, and IL-7 further enhanced both signaling pathways. The close association of IL-7Rα with CD3ζ in the pre-TCR complex was illustrated through live imaging confocal fluorescence microscopy. These results demonstrate a direct and cooperative role of IL-7 in pre-TCR signaling.
Generalized Connection Networks for Parallel Processor Intercommunication

A generalized connection network (GCN) is a switching network with N inputs and N outputs that can be set to pass any of the NNmappings of inputs onto outputs. This paper demonstrates an intimate connection between the problems of GCN construction, message routing on SIMD computers, and "resource partitioning." A GCN due to Ofman [7] is here improved to use less than 7.6N log N contact pairs, making it the minimal known construction.
Cell population kinetics in the small intestine of the Mongolian gerbil.

The cell population kinetics studies reveal differences when compared to other rodents. Proliferative activity is slower in the gerbil than the mouse and the rat. Further study is indicated since the use of the gerbil for research is expanding.
Structural details of the Polyelectrolytic Exopolysaccharide (APE), the stabilizing component of the Acinetobacter venetianus RAG-1 emulsan complex

Abstract Emulsan is a polysaccharide complex, secreted from Acinetobacter venetianus RAG-1, that has been studied extensively for its ability to effectively stabilize oil-in-water emulsions. In previous research, the active emulsion stabilizing component of the emulsan complex was isolated and termed Acinetobacter Polyelectrolytic Exopolysaccharide (APE). In the research presented here, both native and O-deacetylated APE were studied by 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy, including 1D 1 H and 13 C and 2D ge-DQF COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, and ge-HSQC experiments. The native polysaccharide was found to contain 6-O-acetyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α- d -galactopyranose, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α- d -galactopyranosyluronic acid, and 2-acetamido-4-(3-hydroxybutyramido)-2,4,6-trideoxy-α- d -glucopyranose residues. The sequence of the linear trisaccharide repeating unit of the polysaccharide APE was determined to be →4)-α- d -Gal p NAc-6-OAc-(1 → 4)-α- d -Gal p NAcA-(1 → 3)-α- d -Qui p NAc4NHb-(1→.
Letter to the Editor---The Maximum Capacity Route Problem

We consider the problem of finding maximum capacity routes between all pairs of nodes in a network.
The peep vocalization in group reared chicks (Gallus domesticus): its relation to fear.

Abstract The relation of fear and arousal to peeping in socially-reared chicks was investigated in a series of four experiments. Pre-test exposure to loud noise or shock resulted in decreased peeping in chicks tested in isolation, while in the presence of a mirror, pre-test exposure to loud noise reduced peeping, but pre-test shock had no effect. It was also shown that neither transquilizer (Pacitran) ingestion nor experimenter proximity had any significant influence on peeping. An inverse relationship between peeping and activity latency was also revealed in these experiments, and peeping was usually found to precede the initiation of activity. The relationship between fear and the peep vocalization of sociallyreared chicks is discussed.
A hybrid architecture for massively multiplayer online games

Many massively multiplayer online games use client-server architectures that have enormous server-side bandwidth requirements. Peer-to-peer game architectures provide better scaling, but open the game to additional cheating, since players are responsible for distributing events and storing state. We have developed a hybrid game architecture that maintains centralized control of state, while significantly reducing server bandwidth. The architecture uses a combination of client-server and peer-to-peer event distribution, so that only critical events are processed by the server. In addition, the architecture uses measurements and monitoring to ensure that players are capable of handling event distribution and are indeed providing this service. By lowering the bandwidth needed to host a game, while also providing a simple way to prevent cheating, our hybrid architecture allows game companies to support more concurrent players while still providing a controlled game experience. We deploy a game using the hybrid architecture on PlanetLab and use a measurement study to demonstrate its advantages over a client-server architecture.
Time management in higher education administration: A case study

How do departmental chairpersons and deans in a major university setting manage their time? What are the major administrative activities and functions associated with such responsibilities? What relationships do these have with an ability to delegate, to control one's time for planning and self-initiated activities, or with a personal sense of productivity, enjoyment, and stress? This paper attempts to address these questions in the form of a time management case study, drawing on data from a staff development project for administrators in a college at a major American university. Through the use of a new sampling technique and traditional descriptive and parametric statistics, it is possible to identify, rapidly and with precision, a large number of variables that describe the work process as it relates to the above questions. The findings indicate that there is considerable commonality across individuals and that it is possible to deal with such issues as time management, job stress, and enjoyment on an organizational level.