cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Automated protocol implementation with RTAG

The RTAG (real-time asynchronous grammars) programming language is discussed. The language is based on an attribute grammar notation for specifying protocols. Its main design goals are: (1) to support concise and easily understood expression of complex real-world protocols; and (2) to serve as the basis of a portable software system for automated protocol implementation. The algorithms used in generating implementations from given specifications are sketched, and a Unix-based automated implementation system for RTAG is described. >
The relationship between intracellular cyclic AMP concentrations and the in vitro growth of macrophages.

The addition of cholera toxin, prostaglandins, or one of a series of xanthine phosphodiesterase inhibitors to bone marrow-derived macrophages maintamed in liquid culture caused a dose-dependent decrease in colony formation measured 7-10 days following seeding. The growth inhibitory effects of xanthines were in the same order of potency (caffeine < theophylline < isobutylmethylxanthine) as their reported ability to inhibit cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase. The relationship between the magnitude of the increases in intracellular concentrations of cyclic AMP observed following the addition of the drugs and the degree of growth inhibition was complex. Combinations of cholera toxin and phosphodiesterase inhibitors caused synergistic elevations in cyclic AMP levels after a lag of approximately 3 days. However, the growth rate was decreased immediately following the addition of the combination of drugs, and thus seemed to be independent of the nucleotide levels. A cyclic AMP-resistant variant of a cloned nontransformed macrophage cell line was found to be also resistant to the growth inhibitory actions of both cholera toxin and prostaglandins. However, resistance to the inhibitory effects of cyclic AMP did not render the cells resistant to a xanthine-induced growth inhibition.
Dynamic criteria of plankton jumping out of water.

In nature, jumping out of water is a behaviour commonly observed in aquatic species to either escape from predators or hunt prey. However, not all aquatic species are capable of jumping out, especially small organisms whose length scales are comparable to the capillary length (approx. 2.7 mm for water). Some aquatic animals smaller than the capillary length are able to jump out while others are not, as observed in some marine copepods. To understand the dynamics of jumping out of the water–air interface, we perform physical experiments by shooting a spherical particle towards the liquid–air interface from below. Experimental results show that the particle either penetrates or bounces back from the interface, depending on the particle and fluid properties, and the impact velocity. The transition from bouncing to penetration regimes, which is theoretically predicted based on a particle force balance, is in good agreement with both physical experiments and plankton behavioural data.
Contributions of the GABAA Receptor α6 Subunit to Phasic and Tonic Inhibition Revealed by a Naturally Occurring Polymorphism in the α6 Gene

GABAA receptors (GABARs) are heteromultimeric proteins composed of five subunits. The specific subunit composition determines critical properties of a GABAR such as pharmacological sensitivities and whether the receptor contributes to synaptic or extrasynaptic forms of inhibition. Classically, synaptic but not extrasynaptic GABARs are thought to respond to benzodiazepines, whereas the reverse has been suggested for ethanol. To examine the effects of subunit composition on GABAR function in situ, we took advantage of two naturally occurring alleles of the rat gene for GABAR subunit α6 (Gabra6100R and Gabra6100Q). Depending on their subunit partners, these two variants of α6 can lead to differential sensitivities to benzodiazepines and ethanol. An examination of synaptic and extrasynaptic GABA-mediated currents in cerebellar granule cells from Gabra6100R/100R and Gabra6100Q/100Q rats uncovered marked allele-dependent differences in benzodiazepine sensitivity. Unexpectedly, we found that the benzodiazepines flunitrazepam and diazepam enhanced extrasynaptic inhibition mediated by δ subunit-containing GABARs in Gabra6100Q/100Q rats. Complementary experiments on recombinant GABARs confirmed that, at subsaturating [GABA], flunitrazepam potentiates α6/δ subunit-containing GABARs. Based on data and a simple theoretical analysis, we estimate that the average extrasynaptic [GABA] is ∼160 nm in perfused slices. These results (1) demonstrate contributions of α6 subunits to both synaptic and extrasynaptic GABA responses, (2) establish that δ subunit-containing GABARs are benzodiazepine sensitive at subsaturating [GABA] and, (3) provide an empirical estimate of extrasynaptic [GABA] in slices.
Expression of BRI–amyloid β peptide fusion proteins: a novel method for specific high-level expression of amyloid β peptides

In order to develop transgenic animal models that selectively overexpress various Abeta peptides, we have developed a novel expression system that selectively expresses Abeta40 or Abeta42 in the secretory pathway. This system utilizes fusion constructs in which the sequence encoding the 23-amino-acid ABri peptide at the carboxyl terminus of the 266-amino-acid type 2 transmembrane protein BRI is replaced with a sequence encoding either Abeta40 or Abeta42. Constitutive processing of the resultant BRI-Abeta fusion proteins in transfected cells results in high-level expression and secretion of the encoded Abeta peptide. Significantly, expression of Abeta42 from the BRI-Abeta42 construct resulted in no increase in secreted Abeta40, suggesting that the majority of Abeta42 is not trimmed by carboxypeptidase to Abeta40 in the secretory pathway.
EFFECTS OF PERSISTENT SHORELINE OIL ON BREEDING SUCCESS AND CHICK GROWTH IN BLACK OYSTERCATCHERS

To determine if Black Oystercatchers (Haematopus bachmani) were affected by persistent shoreline oil from the T/V Exxon Valdez oil spill, I identified contaminated for- aging sites of oystercatchers, quantified diet and foraging behavior, assessed hydrocarbon uptake, and measured breeding success and mass gain of chicks. Hydrocarbon concentra- tions in sediments at foraging sites indicated that some oystercatchers potentially were ex- posed to shoreline oil that persisted into 1992 or 1993. Direct evidence of hydrocarbon ex- posure was obtained from feces of chicks raised on persistently oiled shorelines. Elevated concentrations of total hydrocarbons, even-numbered aliphatics, and unresolved complex mixtures were indicative of petroleum hydrocarbon exposure. Mussels (Mytilus trossulus) were an important component of the diet of adults and chicks. Oystercatchers foraged for mussels on low-sloping, mixed sand-and-gravel beaches that often retained oil but spent less time foraging on contaminated substrates than on unoiled substrates. Effects of persistent shoreline oil on measures of breeding success were negligible and likely were overridden by the influence of egg and chick predation. Chicks raised on shorelines that were heavily oiled in 1989 gained mass at a slower rate than did chicks raised on shorelines that were not heavi- ly oiled; however, slower mass gain did not translate into reduced fiedging success of chicks raised on heavily oiled shorelines. Although some oystercatchers were exposed to persistent shoreline oil, areas of contamination were patchily distributed, and relatively few adults and young were exposed. The lack of a large-scale change in oystercatcher numbers inhabiting the oiled area of Prince William Sound suggests that the negative effects of oil exposure operated locally. Consequently, oiled mussel beds present little additional risk to the pop- ulation of Black Oystercatchers inhabiting Prince William Sound. Received 4 February 1998,
Integrating kleinian theory and intersubjective infant research observing projective identification

(1999). Integrating kleinian theory and intersubjective infant research observing projective identification. Psychoanalytic Dialogues: Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 129-159.
Realization of Separable Nth Order 2D All-Pass Digital Filters

The realization, circuit and state space of two-dimensional (2D) nth order separable all-pass digital filters is considered. The matrices A, b, c′ and the scalar d of the Givone-Roesser state space model are presented in closed form. The dimension of the state space model is minimal. In addition, the corresponding circuit implementation of the filter is given.
CMS detector sensitivity to the Standard Model Higgs boson in H → ZZ(∗) → 4leptons decay channel

The search for the Higgs boson is one of the most important tasks of the CMS experiment at pp LHC collider. The most recent results on the Standard Model Higgs boson discovery potential are presented, obtained using the most recent full simulation and reconstruction software as well as with detailed treatment of systematic uncertainties. Results show that the whole Standard Model Higgs boson mass range will be covered with about ∼ 10 f b −1 .
FastSPECT II: a second-generation high-resolution dynamic SPECT imager

FastSPECT II is a recently commissioned 16-camera small-animal SPECT imager built with modular scintillation cameras and list-mode data-acquisition electronics. The instrument is housed in a lead-shielded enclosure and has exchangeable aperture assemblies and adjustable camera positions for selection of magnification, pinhole size, and field of view. The calibration of individual cameras and measurement of an overall system imaging matrix (1 mm/sup 3/ voxels) are supported via a five-axis motion-control system. Details of the system integration and results of characterization and performance measurements are presented along with first tomographic images. The dynamic imaging capabilities of the instrument are explored and discussed.
Bladder toxicity with chronic oral cyclophosphamide therapy in nonmalignant disease.

Urinary bladder toxicity is a prominent toxic effect of cyclophosphamide. Over 600 months of oral cyclophosphamide has been given to 46 patients with SLE, Wegener's granulomatosis, RA, idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, and hypereosinophilic syndrome. Thirteen (28%) had urinary bladder complications. Three distinct problems were apparent: chronic cystitis in 6, abnormal urine cytology in 3, acute hemorrhagic cystitis in 4.These patterns could not have been segregated without urine cytology. Persistence of abnormal findings may lead to irreversible bladder toxicity.
IS IT THE TECHNOLOGY OR THE TEACHER? A COMPARISON OF ONLINE AND TRADITIONAL ENGLISH COMPOSITION CLASSES*

Recent reviews of the literature on distance learning have reached two general conclusions. First, students are about as satisfied with the quality of their education in distance-learning (DL) clas...
Formulation Approaches and Strategies for PEGylated Biotherapeutics

This chapter will begin with a brief review of the PEGylated biotherapeutic product landscape (commercial products and known molecules in development) and then discuss various product development approaches and issues. Several topics pertinent to PEGylated biotherapeutics formulation development include manufacturability, linker and conjugate stability, and viscosity and PEG reagent design. A discussion on each topic will be presented with a focus on strategies to overcome typical hurdles encountered.
Steam Power: Novel Use of an Engine Design Project to Cross-Link Knowledge from Courses in both Mechanical Design and Thermodynamics

To enhance the learning potential from actually developed concurrently during the problem driven traditional semester-long "projects" in individual and engineering courses, a novel steam engine design project was undertaken between two concurrent junior level mechanical engineering courses: Mechanical Design and Thermodynamics. As in traditional class projects, students were provided the opportunity to build team skills and gain hands-on experience. Utilizing student self assessment, this steam engine project was compared to a Stirling engine design project undertaken solely in a Mechanical Design Course. Students participating in the steam engine project reported increased use of both mechanical design and thermodynamics principles while undertaking the project as compared to those participating in the Stirling engine project. Steam engine project students also reported an increased development of team working skills
The British Bureaucracy and the Origins of Parliamentary Policy, II.

Thus far, reference has been made, not to the great mass of the civil servants, but only to the higher officials. The work of more than ninety-seven per cent of the members of the service has no significance for this study. The laborers, clerks, writing assistants, and a large majority of the members of the professional class make only incidental contributions to policy, and while their importance is occasionally to be noted, we are not concerned here with a detailed examination of their work. Suffice it to say that the 150,000 who are usually referred to by the term "civil service" possess a certain esprit that links the members together. Within this number, however, there are marked divisions: there is the foreign, diplomatic, and consular service, the colonial service, the defense services, and the home service, all with their peculiarities, often of outlook and sometimes of mode of recruitment, salary, or promotion. Outside of this group fall such diverse units as the local government service, the large judicial service, and the employees of such semi-independent agencies as the British Broadcasting Corporation and the Central Electricity Board. Our interest here is centered on the more important members of the professional or specialist class of some 14,000 members, the higher officials of the executive grade numbering between 4,000 and 5,000, and the administrative class with its small but highly important membership of 1,200 to 1,300. In a discussion of the civil service, it is of importance to state again a fact that is becoming increasingly well known, namely, that a comparison of the place and work of the politician and of the civil servant is not a comparison of the functioning of a layman on the one hand and an expert on the other. While individual members of the administrative class may, and sometimes do, acquire a considerable amount of special departmental knowledge, that is neither the general characteristic of this class nor is it looked upon
Using Standard Work Tools For Process Improvement

The purpose of this paper is to describe the application of Kaizen tools toward process improvement. The key tools described are those dedicated toward standard work, which is a prescribed sequence of tasks which are balanced to achieve a level production schedule. Data from an actual Kaizen event in a Sewing Panel area serves as examples of the tools. Specific tools highlighted include Takt Time, Time Observation Sheet, Cycle Time Bar Chart, Standard Work Layout Diagram, Spaghetti Diagram, 6-S Audit Sheet and Standard Work Combination Sheet. The concept of a Cell Documentation Board is also presented to document and monitor standard work, and includes a Production Control Board and a Key Points Sheet.
Renal hemodynamic effects of activation of specific renal sympathetic nerve fiber groups

To examine the effect of activation of a unique population of renal sympathetic nerve fibers on renal blood flow (RBF) dynamics, anesthetized rats were instrumented with a renal sympathetic nerve a...
OSTEITIS FIBROSA LOCALISATA OF THE PATELLA

A case of osteitis fibrosa localisata of the patella, the third on record, is here reported. We believe osteitis fibrosa localisata to be a pathological complex, dependent upon altered osteoblastic-osteoclastic activity. Conservative treatment is indicated.
On the Distance Between Non-stationary Time Series

Comparing time series is a problem of critical importance in a broad range of applications, from data mining (searching for temporal “patterns” in historical data), to speech recognition (classifying phonemes from acoustic recordings), surveillance (detecting unusual events from video and other sensory input), computer animation (concatenating and interpolating motion capture sequences), just to mention a few. The problem is difficult because the same event can manifest itself in a variety of ways, with the data subject to a large degree of variability due to nuisance factors in the data formation process. For instance, the presence of a person walking in a video sequence can vary based on the individual, his gait, location, orientation, speed, clothing, illumination etc. And yet, if I see Giorgio Picci, I can recognize him from one hundred yards away by the way he walks, regardless of what he is wearing, or whether it is a sunny or a cloudy day. One could conjecture that there must exist some statistics of my retinal signals that are invariant, or at least insensitive, to such nuisance factors and are instead Giorgio-Specific (GS). The information ought to be encoded in the temporal evolution of the retinal signals, for one can strip the images of their pictorial content by attaching light bulbs to one’s joints and turning off the lights (or use a state-of-the-art motion capture system, for instance one made by E-motion/BTS); one can still tell a great deal from just the moving dots [6].
Statistical power in observer-performance studies: comparison of the receiver operating characteristic and free-response methods in tasks involving localization.

Abstract Rationale and Objectives Statistical power, defined as the probability of detecting real differences between imaging modalities, determines the cost in terms of readers and cases of conducting receiver operating characteristic (ROC) studies. Neglect of location information in lesion-detection studies analyzed with the ROC method can compromise power. Use of the alternative free-response ROC (AFROC) method, which considers location information, has been discouraged, because it neglects intraimage correlations. The relative statistical powers of the two methods, however, have not been tested. The purpose of this study was to compare the statistical power of ROC and AFROC methods using simulations. Materials and Methods A new model including intraimage correlations was developed to describe the decision variable sampling and to simulate data for ROC and AFROC analyses. Five readers and 200 cases (half of which contained one signal) were simulated for each trial. Two hundred trials, equally split between the null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis, were run. Ratings were analyzed with the Dorfman-Berbaum-Metz method, and separation of the null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis distributions was calculated. Results The AFROC method yielded higher power than the ROC method. Separation of the null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis distributions was larger by a factor of 1.6 regardless of the presence or absence of intraimage correlations. The effect of the incorrect localizations during ROC analysis of localization data is believed to be the major reason for the enhanced power of the AFROC method. Conclusion The AFROC method can yield higher power than the ROC method for studies involving lesion localization. Greater consideration of this methodology is warranted.
Good Faith and Breach of the Duty to Settle: Perspectives from the American Law Institute Principles/Restatement Project on Liability Insurance

This paper addresses the standard of good faith to be applied to the duty to settle. All insurance policies contain an implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing. This implied covenant has been applied by U.S. courts to an implied duty to settle contained in most liability insurance policies. The implied duty to settle arises from the insurers’ right to settle cases under terms of most liability policies. Because insurers have the duty to defend and the right to settle, courts have found that insurers have an obligation to act in good faith when considering a settlement offer within the policy limits of the liability insurance policy. The American Law Institute “restatement” project to restate the law of liability insurance explicitly adopts a test for the duty to settle that an insurer “has a duty to the insured to make reasonable settlement decisions,” and that a “reasonable settlement decision is one that would be made by a reasonable person that bears the sole financial responsibility for the full amount of the potential judgment”. This standard is referred to as the Disregard the Limits (DTL) standard. This paper provides background on the DTR standard and will compare that standard to the Equal Consideration (EC) standard which requires that an insurer, in addressing settlement offers, give equal consideration to the interests of the insured as to its own interests. It will then situate Missouri law within the context of these two tests and the state of the law more generally.
Quotation, perfection and the eloquence of form: introducing Beatius/Cum humanum

The newly reconstructed motet Beatius/Cum humanum is remarkable in several respects. It ranks among the longest of Ars Nova motets, and divides neatly into three parts of which the middle is an eighty-breve untexted hocket section. It also contains an extended quotation – textual as well as musical – from the Fauvel motet Firmissime/Adesto. The quoted material speaks of ‘Trinity and unity’, turning a spotlight onto the tripartite form of Beatius/Cum humanum. Firmissime/Adesto has occasioned comment because it is built up of duple (‘imperfect’) notes even though it praises the perfect Trinity. Beatius/Cum humanum can be read as participating in the same conversation. By shifting the salience of the number three from local rhythmical organisation to the global level of form, it serves as an example of how music can depict perfection ex imperfectis.
Lost and Found in Translation: The Impact of Machine Translated Results on Translingual Information Retrieval

In an ideal cross-lingual information retrieval (CLIR) system, a user query would generate a search over documents in a different language and the relevant results would be presented in the user’s language. In practice, CLIR systems are typically evaluated by judging result relevance in the document language, to factor out the effects of translating the results using machine translation (MT). In this paper, we investigate the influence of four different approaches for integrating MT and CLIR on both retrieval accuracy and user judgment of relevancy. We create a corpus with relevance judgments for both human and machine translated results, and use it to quantify the effect that MT quality has on end-to-end relevance. We find that MT errors result in a 16-39% decrease in mean average precision over the ground truth system that uses human translations. MT errors also caused relevant sentences to appear irrelevant ‐ 5-19% of sentences were relevant in human translation, but were judged irrelevant in MT. To counter this degradation, we present two hybrid retrieval models and two automatic MT post-editing techniques and show that these approaches substantially mitigate the errors and improve the end-to-end relevance.
Fabrication of Nanotips and Microbeams in Antimonide Based Semiconductor Material using Bromine Ion Beam Assisted Etching

Antimonide-based compound semiconductors have emerged as the materials of choice for fabricating high-speed low-power electronics and electro-optics for applications requiring miniaturization and portability. In this work Br-IBAE is shown to be an anisotropic antimonide etching technique that is capable of generating novel structures as well as performing standard etching tasks. When etching less than optimally chemical-mechanical polished (111) InSb wafers, sharp-tipped cone structures with tip radii of the order of less than 60 nm are produced. These structures may be ideally suited for the development of field-emission devices, where small tip radii are required for useful emission currents. The anisotropic nature of the IBAE technique allows one to etch channels in the surface at angles up to 70° from perpendicular, making the fabrication of microbeams feasible. Using an angled sample holder, the first etch undercuts the masked beams from one side. The sample is then removed and realigned so as to undercut the beams from the other side. The triangular shaped microbeams are left suspended from either one or both ends. Using a combination of atomic force microscopy and mechanical engineering beam analysis techniques, the elastic parameters of the material can be measured. The microbeams can be aligned along various directions on the surface to investigate anisotropic characteristics. This is particularly important for determining the mechanical characteristics of materials that can only be grown in thin epitaxial layers, such as quaternary antimonide-based compound semiconductors.
Revision of the Atomic Weight of Gold

Until lately gold ranked among the elementary substances of which the general properties had been well ascertained, but in regard to the atomic weights of which our knowledge was least satisfactory. That this constant should be determined as accurately as possible for gold was desirable in view of its bearing on the precise place assigned the metal in the “periodic” classification of the elements based on the ideas of Newlands, Odling, Mendelejeff, and L. Meyer. Furthermore, an exact know­ ledge of the atomic weight of gold might be conveniently applied in the determination of the atomic weights of some of the other elements. A practical laboratory reason for desiring to possess a trustworthy value for this constant was also presented by the facility with which gold compounds of many organic substances may be prepared, and the ease with which their composition may be ascertained by simple ignition in the air and weighing of the residual gold, the results leading to a knowledge of molecular composition when the atomic value of the weight of the metal obtained is assumed to be known. For the last three years and a half I have been occupied, during a large part of such time as has been available for original work, in devising and carrying out experiments aiming at the redetermination of the constant in question. The difficulties met with have been greater than were at first looked for, and have led to much time and labour being consumed in attempts to overcome them. About two years ago, when this work was already well under way but still in progress, there appeared the results of experiments aiming at the same end, by Kruss in Germany and by Thorpe and Laurie in England—experiments made with the care and accu­racy of modern methods, and apparently deserving of much confidence. My own work, however, was continued, as we cannot have too many careful independent determinations of atomic weights by different workers, and as I had used to a con­siderable extent other procesess than those on which the newly published determina­tions were based, while the chemists named had employed, in the main, one and the same method. A preliminary notice of my work was read in the Chemical Section of the British Association at the Manchester meeting of 1887. The details of my experiments and the results which I have reached are now laid before the Royal Society.
Isolation and Characterization of the β Antigen of Neisseria gonorrhoeae

The beta antigen of Neisseria gonorrhoeae has been isolated from the alkaline-extracted gonococcal endotoxin by ion exchange, molecular sieve, and powder block electrophoretic chromatography. Hemagglutination inhibition studies indicate that the preparation is essentially free of common enterobacterial and gonococcal alpha antigen. Analysis of the isolated antigen by immunodiffusion and acrylamide gel electrophoresis reveal only one detectable component. Chemical studies indicate that the antigen is an acidic glycoprotein composed primarily of four major amino acids: alanine, glutamic acid, glycine, and proline. The antigen has an s(20,w) of 8.55, and spectral analysis in the ultraviolet and visible range reveals a single absorption peak at 217 nm.
Reasoning without Blinders: A Reply to Valaris

I object to Markos Valaris’s thesis that reasoning requires a belief that your conclusion follows from your premisses. My counter-examples highlight the important but neglected role of suppositional reasoning in the basis of so much of what we know.
Epidemiological analysis of hepatitis B in Quanzhou city during 2004-2009

Objective In order to provide information for control and prevention of hepatitis B,we analyzed the epidemic features of hepatitis B in Quanzhou city during 2004-2009. Methods The hepatitis B incidence data was analyzed by descriptive epidemiology method. Results The reported incidence of hepatitis B has gradually increased from 80.89/100000 in 2004 to 127.26/100000 in 2009.The average reported incidence rate was 92.65/100000 and the incidence of hepatitis B had no obvious seasonal peak during 2004-2008, but it had suddenly increased in January 2009 and then showed a downward trend month by month.The incidence in coastal counties was higher than in mountain counties;most of the hepatitis B cases were among the adults aged 20-49 years old.The lowest incidence rate was among the children aged under 10 years old and female:farmer was 2.77∶1. Most of the hepatitis B cases were farmers, workers and students. Seroepidemiological surveillance in 2006 showed that HBsAg positive rate of 1-59-year-old was 12.78%,in which the lowest one was children 1-4-year-old (1.30%) and the highest one was 25-29-year-old (19.62%), with significant difference between the two groups (χ2=80.532, P=0.000). Conclusion The vaccination of hepatitis B has achieved remarkable results,but the incidence had not been effectively controlled, and we need to take more necessary strategies to reduce the hepatitis B incidence.
Ectopic ACTH Secretion: A Misnomer

Ectopic ACTH production is a common cause of Cushing's syndrome. In most patients, the neoplasm is obvious and is readily identified as the source of ACTH. However, in some patients, the neoplasm is not obvious and differentiating the tumor from a pituitary source is difficult. Current data demonstrate that virtually all normal tissues produce small amounts of a biologically inactive precursor ACTH molecule, probably proopiomelanocortin (POMC). All cancers produce this same substance in increased quantities. Selected cancers, correlated with histologic type, convert POMC to biologically active ACTH to produce the so-called ectopic ACTH syndrome. In this context, ectopic ACTH production is not ectopic.
Novel β3 isoform of the Na,K-ATPase β subunit from mouse retina

Abstract We isolated a full-length cDNA encoding a novel 278 amino acid β subunit of Na,K-ATPase from a mouse retinal cDNA library. The highest sequence identity was to known β 3 isoforms, identifying the protein as the mouse β 3 subunit of Na,K-ATPase. Two transcripts, 1.75 kb and 2.1 kb, probably arise from use of alternative poly(A) addition signals.
Ramification of Valuations and Local Rings in Positive Characteristic

In characteristic zero, local monomialization is true along any valuation. However, we have recently shown that local monomialization is not always true in positive characteristic, even in two dimensional algebraic function fields. In this paper we show that local monomialization is true for defectless extensions of two dimensional excellent local rings, extending an earlier result of Piltant and the author for two dimensional algebraic function fields over an algebraically closed field. We also give theorems showing that in many cases there are good stable forms of the extension of associated graded rings in a finite separable field extension.
A Meta-Analysis of the Taped Problems Intervention.

Taped problems is an intervention strategy for addressing mathematics fluency that has been evaluated in multiple single-case design studies. Although its efficacy has been supported in individual studies, no comprehensive quantitative synthesis has been conducted on taped problems. The purpose of this study was to synthesize the literature that examined this intervention using parametric and nonparametric effect size computations. We examined (a) the effectiveness of taped problems across effect size comparisons, (b) maintenance over time, (c) the degree to which studies met single-case design research standards, and (d) potential moderating variables. Parametric and nonparametric analyses yielded moderate and large effect sizes and indicated that taped problems appears to be an efficacious intervention.
Signalling, governance, and goals: Reorienting the United States Power Africa initiative

Abstract Power Africa, the United States’ effort to boost electrification on the continent launched in 2013, has made an impressive start. Progress toward generation and connections goals are on track. The initiative has catalyzed significant private sector investment, built a diverse portfolio, and embraced a range of technologies including natural gas. Nevertheless, Power Africa faces political and institutional hurdles that threaten its continued success and perhaps its very survival.
Moral Judgments of In-Group and Out-Group Harm in Post-conflict Urban and Rural Croatian Communities.

Our research brings to light features of the social world that impact moral judgments and how they do so. The moral vignette data presented were collected in rural and urban Croatian communities that were involved to varying degrees in the Croatian Homeland War. We argue that rapid shifts in moral accommodations during periods of violent social strife can be explained by considering the role that coordination and social agents’ ability to reconfigure their social network (i.e., relational mobility) play in moral reasoning. Social agents coordinate on (moral) norms, a general attitude which broadly facilitates cooperation, and makes possible the collective enforcement of compliance. During social strife interested parties recalibrate their determination of others’ moral standing and recast their established moral circle, in accordance with their new or prevailing social investments. To that extent, social coordination – and its particular promoters, inhibitors, and determinants – effects significant changes in individuals’ ranking of moral priorities. Results indicate that rural participants evaluate the harmful actions of third parties more harshly than urban participants. Coordination mediates that relationship between social environment and moral judgment. Coordination also matters more for the moral evaluation of the harmful actions of moral scenarios involving characters belonging to different social units than for scenarios involving characters belonging to the same group. Participants high in relational mobility – that ability to recompose one’s social network – moralize similarly wrongdoings perpetrated by both in- and out-group members. Those low in relational mobility differentiate when an out-group member causes the harm. Additionally, perceptions of third-party guilt are also affected by specifics of the social environment. Overall, we find that social coordination and relational mobility affect moral reasoning more so than ethnic commitment.
A high efficiency fully-monolithic 2-stage C-band GaN power amplifier for 5G microcell applications

A highly efficient two-stage 6 GHz fully-integrated GaN power amplifier (PA) designed for 5G microcell communication is reported in this work. Post-layout SPICE simulations show this two-stage PA achieves an output 1 dB compression Pout, idb above 33 dBm and greater than 31 dB gain and 34% PAE (power-added efficiency) for CW operation at 6 GHz. When the PA is driven with 5/10/20 MHz LTE 16QAM modulated signals, the simulated output spectra and adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) at 4 dB below P out, 1db passed the LTE spectrum emission mask (SEM) without any predistortion. Operated at a 28 V supply, this fully monolithic PA achieves reasonable frequency performance and linearity while it did not adopt the Doherty architecture for backoff efficiency enhancement; however, simulations suggest it may deliver good PAE values at power backoff when supply modulation is used to make it competitive for 5G PA microcell applications.
Education on Membrane Science and Technology

The effective teaching of membrane science and technology is an important issue that should be addressed by the academic community. Educational initiatives are crucial to the continued technical growth and wide-scale commercialization of membrane processes. Education on membrane fundamentals and process engineering is important. This paper will primarily examine the engineering side of membrane technology education. Subject matter that is process-oriented can be incorporated at various levels in the chemical engineering curriculum. Lower level courses could mention membrane processes when chemical separations are discussed. Upper level undergraduate courses might focus more on applications and systems engineering. Chemistry courses can be modified to include appropriate information on the fundamentals of membrane science. Courses in areas such as polymer science/engineering, biotechnology and environmental engineering are excellent candidates for incorporation of membrane technology. There are many approaches to membrane technology instruction at the graduate level. Courses in advanced separation processes or those that just address membranes can be structured to include system design and applications. Laboratory experiments provide the greatest opportunity to acquaint students with membrane principles, design and applications without significant curriculum modification. A variety of process oriented laboratory experiments using equipment ranging in size from hand-held systems to pilot-scale units can be performed. Experiments in membrane material science could include fabricating various membrane materials and characterizing them.
In-plane cyclic behavior of structural insulated panel wood walls including slit steel connectors

Abstract The objective of this paper was to experimentally investigate the behavior of structural insulated panel (SIP) walls under in-plane cyclic loading and to test several panel-to-panel connections in order to measure their effect on the behavior of the walls. Each wall was constructed using two SIP panels with one top plate, one sill plate, two end plates, and a panel-to-panel connection. Each SIP panel had a 5.5 in. (14 cm) thick expanded polystyrene core sandwiched between two 4′ × 8′ (1.22 m × 2.44 m) sheets of 7/16″ (1.11 cm) oriented strand board. The top sill plates were split up between each panel in an effort to increase the potential for racking behavior of the walls and, therefore, the relative vertical displacement between the panels. In addition, as a preliminary study, three different steel connector configurations utilizing 26 gauge steel shear panels were considered in an effort to introduce additional ductility compared to more traditional block spline connection. From experimental observation of the wall with the block spline connection and the wall with no connection, the panel-to-panel connection was shown to contribute significant strength and stiffness to the wall system. The walls that were constructed with the first two configurations of the shear panels did not show any significant increase in either stiffness or ductility over the wall with the block spline. These walls also showed a decline in peak strength, which occurred at lower lateral displacements than the peak strength of the typical wall. For both of these cases, the shear panels yielded early and ruptured at the lateral deformation which caused peak load in each wall. The SIP wall implementing the third style of shear panel also did not demonstrate a significant increase in ductility as compared to the standard SIP wall. Despite the initially outlined potential, the preliminary study of implementation of the slit steel shear panels considered in this study did not significantly alter the performance of the conventionally connected SIP walls. Further study with stiff connectors capable of significant ductility prior to fracture would need to be implemented to realize the benefits of increased wall ductility.
Autocratic Government Moderates the Relationship Between Culture and Legal Restriction

Laws that restrict citizens exist in every form of government. Although previous research has shown that legal restriction is tied to culture-level variables such as collectivism, we propose and te...
Abstract A44: No tumor or very small tumor burden in on-treatment biopsies is significantly associated with response to Pembrolizumab

Background: In phase I clinical trials, baseline and on-treatment biopsies are increasingly performed to investigate biomarkers correlating, e.g., with therapy response. Prior to use these biopsies for expensive analysis, quality control (QC) is performed regarding, e.g., morphology, tumor content. However, studies to correlate the results obtained from QC evaluation with clinical outcomes are lacking. The purpose of this study was to determine if data from the QC process correlate with therapy response. Method: We investigated 64 baseline and 50 on-treatment (C1D15-21) biopsies from 67 patients participating in an ongoing phase I clinical trial receiving pembrolizumab for their rare tumors such as e.g. adrenocortical carcinoma, angiosarcoma, alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, carcinoma of unknown primary, epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, malignant neoplasm of tunica vaginalis, paraganglioma, penile carcinoma, pituitary tumor, renal medullary carcinoma, teratoma, and others. Baseline and the on-treatment biopsies were taken in >90% from the same amenable tumor lesion. Matched biopsies were available in n= 48 (71.64%) and data on response was available for 54 (80.60%) patients. From all biopsies the tumor content was estimated by a pathologist on an HE 2017 Oct 1-4; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2018;6(9 Suppl):Abstract nr A44.
Alternative Social Media as a Recruiting Tool for Generation Y and Generation Z

Organizations facing the challenge of a looming talent shortage often use internet job advertisements as a method of increasing their capacity to reach job seekers and appeal to potential employees. Many times job seekers make inferences from the content of these advertisements to form initial and sometimes lasting impressions about the company which could ultimately have an impact on their decisions about whether to continue further with the application process. This is especially true for younger candidates with fewer personal experiences to draw upon in evaluating information contained in persuasive messages. With the advent of social media as a significant candidate source, firms must develop new and innovative ways to engage their target audiences, thus developing a message strategy relating design and functionality to attracting qualified job applicants. Using the social identity theory as a theoretical framework, this paper outlines a research agenda focused on determining the most effective advertising strategy for social media recruiting by assessing the effect perceptions of message content and message style have on job-seekers’ attitudes toward the advertisement and the organization.
The Prognostic Significance of a Cast Fourth Ventricle in Ruptured Aneurysm Patients With Intraventricular Hemorrhage in the Barrow Ruptured Aneurysm Trial (BRAT).

BACKGROUND Ruptured aneurysms causing intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) are associated with high morbidity. The presence of blood that completely fills the fourth ventricle (cast fourth ventricle, CFV) is thought to be particularly ominous, but studies documenting the outcome of such cases are lacking. OBJECTIVE To investigate the outcomes of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) and CFV. METHODS We reviewed 406 patients enrolled in the Barrow Ruptured Aneurysm Trial (BRAT, NCT01593267, clinicaltrials.gov); 238 patients with aSAH and IVH were identified, and imaging was reviewed for the presence of CFV. Outcome was evaluated at the 1-yr follow-up. A poor outcome was defined as modified Rankin Scale score >2. RESULTS CFV was identified in 25 patients. Admission Glasgow Coma Score was lower in CFV patients, 7.8 versus 11.5 (P 3 (6.4 OR vs 2.9 OR [P < .001], respectively). CONCLUSION The presence of CFV is a predictor of poor outcome in patients with aSAH. When compared to other patients with IVH and aSAH, CFV is a stronger predictor of a poor outcome than a poor Hunt and Hess Grade.
Obesogenic food consumption among young children: the role of maltreatment.

Objective To determine whether children exposed to a greater variety of acts of parent-to-child physical and psychological maltreatment will be at greater risk of consuming obesogenic foods at a higher frequency. Design Survey research using a longitudinal panel design. Setting In-home interviews with primary caregivers in twenty large US cities.ParticipantsA national sample of at-risk children and their families who participated in the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS). Results Child maltreatment emerged as a statistically significant (Pl0·01) and robust predictor of obesogenic food consumption, in both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Child maltreatment also consistently emerged as one of the strongest predictors of obesogenic food consumption in these models. Ancillary analyses indicated that physical maltreatment plays a particularly important role in these associations. Conclusions A major implication of the present study is that child maltreatment prevention efforts should be reflected in interventions that seek to diminish unhealthy eating practices among children. Multi-professional teams can work together on obesity prevention not only via education but also by considering the interconnectedness of obesogenic food consumption and experiences of maltreatment.
Data Transfer Using the Intel COI Library

There are many ways we can take advantage of the compute power on the Intel® Xeon Phi™ coprocessor. For example, one may use the offload model where the compiler automatically generates sections of code to run on the coprocessor. Data transfers in this model are managed automatically and how they are processed can be opaque to the programmer. For many types of applications, especially compute kernels in legacy applications and tightly coupled computations with hotspot kernels, the offload model is easy to adapt code and works fairly well to gain performance. On the other side of the spectrum, one may write and compile a standalone program (i.e., native) for the coprocessor, particularly if the whole program is highly parallel, and run the program wholly on the coprocessor. For applications that fit into a client-server or other forms of loosely coupled computation, it makes sense to divide the computations and run them on the architectures where they perform best.
Shifting patterns of care in localized prostate cancer: Impact on patient reported outcome measures (PROMs).

e16603Background: In localized prostate cancer (LPC), evolving therapeutic techniques and patterns of care including the use of active surveillance (AS) are expected to have had a positive effect o...