cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Structural calculations and experimental detection of small GamSn clusters using time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Abstract GamSn clusters were generated by laser ablation of a solid sample of Ga2S3. The resulting molecules were analyzed in a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. In addition to atomic species, the spectra exhibited evidence for the existence of Ga 2 S 3 + , Ga 2 S 4 + , Ga 4 S 5 + , and Ga 4 S 6 + clusters. The potential neutral and cationic structures of the observed GamSn clusters were computationally investigated using a density-functional approach. Reference is made to the kinetic pathways required for production of clusters from the starting point of the stoichiometric molecule or molecular ion. Cluster atomization enthalpies are compared with bulk values from the literature.
The Turbot War of 1995: Lessons for the Law of the Sea

Canada's seizure of the Spanish fishing vessel Estai in March 1995 touched off severe political tensions between Canada and the European Community. Known as the "Turbot War", the dispute arose over quota levels agreed to by the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization for turbot stocks in fishing grounds straddling the high seas beyond Canada's proclaimed 200-mile national fishery zone. While underscoring tensions between coastal states and foreign fishing nations, this dispute became a diplomatic catalyst for the promulgation in August 1995 of a special UN Convention on the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Stocks. The "Turbot War" thus highlighted the utility of regional fishery organizations in monitoring and enforcing international fishing regulations and strengthened the international regulatory framework for managing straddling stocks under the 1982 LOS Convention.
Emergency cell swimming.

The study of cell locomotion is a branch of biophysics with a long history (1). One area that has been particularly successful at attracting the combined attention of theorists and experimentalists alike for more than 60 y is that of cell swimming, to the point of reaching textbook knowledge (2, 3). Most bacteria swim by inducing the passive rotation of helical flagella using rotary motors embedded in the cell wall. Swimming eukaryotes, such as spermatozoa or microalgae, generate propulsion by actively deforming flexible flagella in a wavelike fashion using the actuation of molecular motors along polymeric filaments. Ciliates, such as the protozoan Paramecium, swim under the coordinated deformation of a large number of cilia (short flagella) anchored on their surface. In PNAS, Hamel et al. (4) have experimentally measured the escape dynamics of Paramecium from a model aggression—specifically, a localized heating from a focused laser beam. Their results challenge the conventional physical picture for cell swimming in two ways, first by showing the unexpected role of inertial effects in unsteady swimming, and then by reporting on the discovery of a new swimming gait for Paramecium, not based on the use of cilia but on the rapid and directed discharge of organelles.
When present value equals the change in the Hamiltonian

Many companies maximize the present value of profit over some time horizon. If the company's problem is an autonomous control problem, then present value equals the Hamiltonian's decrease over the time horizon divided by the discount factor.
Size Limits to Predation on Grass Carp by Largemouth Bass

Abstract The external distance between the cleithrum bones was used to estimate the sizes of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) that could be ingested by Florida largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides floridanus). The equations for mouth width vs. total length (TL) of largemouth bass were: Mouth (mm): 0.0968 (mm TL) for bass 200 mm (r2 = 0.95). The equation for body depth vs. total length of grass carp was: depth (mm) = 0.629 + 0.204 (mm TL), r2 = 0.98. Five thousand grass carp fingerlings were stocked in a 0.81-hectare vegetated pond. Initial predation was high in the sportfish pond, as only one grass carp was recovered at termination. Stocking of grass carp >450 mm is necessary to totally eliminate the possibility of piscivorous predation in lakes with established Florida largemouth bass populations.
Simulation of Transient Natural Convection Around an Enclosed Vertical Channel

Accurate numerical calculations have been conducted for buoyancy-driven two-dimensional flow of air between two vertical parallel isothermal plates, of aspect ratio 1, placed inside a rectangular enclosure. The Grashof number based on the channel half width is 105 . Insights have been obtained regarding the structure of the transient flow and thermal fields in a configuration of particular interest to electronics cooling. In the early stages of the transient the flowfield was found to be highly vortical and the net volume flow rate in the channel displayed an oscillatory behavior, periodically reversing its direction. However, the velocity profile adjacent to the heated plates maintained the same direction throughout the process, and hence the Nusselt number was relatively insensitive to the periodic flow reversal in the channel. Detailed studies of the transient flow field and the heat transfer results are presented.
The Extended Modal Reduction Method Applied to Rotor Dynamic Problems

The existing Modal Reduction Method, is extended utilizing state-space formulation to handle nonsymmetric mass, damping, and stiffness matrices. The purpose of modal reduction is to eliminate unimportant modes and degrees of freedom from the analytical model after they are found. This method is demonstrated for a simple rotor problem having nonsymmetric system matrices including gyroscopic effects
Superposition of small shear deformations on large uniaxial extensions for viscoelastic materials

Abstract The equation for small amplitude torsional response superposed on a finite axial stretch history is derived for a material modelled by the BKZ constitutive equation. For the case of a uniaxial step stretch history, this equation contains a term generalizing the well known Rivlin result for nonlinear elasticity plus two additional terms. The equation is used to analyse a recent experiment which studies the relation between the period of free torsional oscillations, axial stretch and axial force in a material undergoing stress relaxation. It is shown that a 10% discrepancy which arises when the data is related by Rivlin's formula can be accounted for by the two additional terms associated with the BKZ formulation. Finally, an expression for the complex modulus for forced torsional oscillations is derived.
Substrate Recognition Drives the Evolution of Serine Proteases

A method is introduced to identify amino acid residues that dictate the functional diversity acquired during evolution in a protein family. Using over 80 enzymes of the chymotrypsin family, we demonstrate that the general organization of the phylogenetic tree and its functional branch points are fully accounted for by a limited number of residues that cluster around the active site of the protein and define the contact region with the P1–P4 residues of substrate.
Observation of macroscopic spin phenomena in nanometer-scale magnets.

A scanning tunneling microscope is used to locally deposit arrays of nanometer-scale magnets directly within the superconducting planar input coil of an integrated dc SQUID microsusceptometer. Low-temperature frequency-dependent magnetic-susceptibility measurements reveal a narrow resonance which grows and becomes independent of decreasing temperature. Studies as a function of magnet volume, spacing, and applied field are compared to recent predictions for magnetic macroscopic quantum tunneling in small particles.
Single dose of azithromycin for the treatment of genital chlamydial infections in adolescents

We compared a single 1 gm dose of azithromycin with the standard 7-day course of doxycycline for the treatment of uncomplicated chlamydial genital infection in sexually active adolescents. Seventy-three adolescents (65 female) with a cervical or urethral culture positive for Chlamydia trachomatis were enrolled in the study; 46 received azithromycin and 27 received doxycycline. Follow-up evaluations were done 1,2, and 4 weeks after treatment with azithromycin or Initiation of treatment with doxycycline. There were four treatment failures (8.7%) among the patients who received azithromycin and four in the doxycycline-treated group (14.8%); all were female. Six of these girls (three treated with azithromycin and three with doxycycline) gave histories of unprotected intercourse with an untreated partner and were probably reinfected. Almost half the patients were clinically symptom free. The clinical response rate for the remaining patients with symptoms was 97.4% at 4 weeks. Nineteen percent of the azithromycln-treated patients and 33.3% of those treated with doxycycline had mild to moderate drug-related side effects, which were predominantly gastrointestinal. We conclude that treatment with a single oral dose of azithromycin appears to be as safe and efficacious as a 7-day course of doxycyline for the treatment of uncomplicated genital chlamydial infection in adolescents.
SEROLOGICAL STUDIES ON AZOPROTEINS : ANTIGENS CONTAINING AZOCOMPONENTS WITH ALIPHATIC SIDE CHAINS.

A study was made of the specificity of artificial compound-antigens containing aliphatic chains. Striking specificity was exhibited in the reactions of compounds with short chains containing a carboxyl group; for instance succinic acid could be differentiated from malonic or glutaric acid which contain one fewer and one more carbon atom respectively. With the substances containing longer chains, reactions were observed which, although specific to a certain extent, appear to depend mainly on the general physicochemical properties of long aliphatic chains. With a limited number of substances the influence of substituents —halogen, OH, NH2—on the serological specificity was investigated. By means of inhibition reactions it was possible to demonstrate the serological specificity of cis-trans isomers such as maleic and fumaric acid.
Cover crop, tillage, and herbicide effects on weeds, soil properties, microbial populations, and soybean yield

Abstract A field study was conducted during 1997 to 2001 on a Dundee silt loam soil at Stoneville, MS, to examine the effects of rye and crimson clover residues on weeds, soil properties, soil microbial populations, and soybean yield in conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT) systems with preemergence (PRE)-only, postemergence (POST)-only, and PRE plus POST herbicide programs. Rye and crimson clover were planted in October, desiccated in April, and tilled (CT plots only) before planting soybean. Both cover-crop residues reduced density of barnyardgrass, broadleaf signalgrass, browntop millet, entireleaf morningglory, and hyssop spurge but did not affect yellow nutsedge at 7 wk after soybean planting (WAP) in the absence of herbicides. Densities of these weed species were generally lower with PRE-only, POST-only, and PRE plus POST applications than with no-herbicide treatment. Total weed dry biomass was lower when comparing CT (1,570 kg ha−1) with NT (1,970 kg ha−1), rye (1,520 kg ha−1) with crimson ...
Contemporary experimental aesthetics: State of the art technology.

The purpose of this essay is to provide the reader with a brief overview of several recent person-artifact-context relational models that explain the complex interaction of the processes that underlie an ongoing aesthetic experience with visual art forms. Recent progress towards a comprehensive understanding of these processes has been made possible in large part by experimental approaches that take advantage of recent advances in computer technology and electronic sophistication. To illustrate this point, three experimental techniques at the forefront of the field of experimental aesthetics are highlighted here. They include the investigation of viewers— body postural adjustments to depicted pictorial depth and movement in paintings; the use of hand-held computers known as personal data assistants to record audience members— on-going emotional reactions to live performances of dance; and the contribution of audio tour information to museum visitors— interaction with and aesthetic evaluation of sculptures and paintings. Finally, the eMotion: Mapping Museum Experience project, which has the potential to make a tremendous contribution to the understanding of the complex interaction of factors that contribute to a museum visitor's experience, is described.
Isolation of a new gene from the distal short arm of the human X chromosome that escapes X-inactivation

A gene, designated GS1, was identified by its association with a CpG island approximately 100 kb telomeric to the steroid sulfatase (STS) locus on the distal short arm of the human X chromosome. Both cDNA and genomic clones of the GS1 gene have been isolated and characterized. The cDNA clone detects a 2.3 kb transcript in human placenta and fibroblasts, and may encode a protein of 214 amino acid residues. Although sequences homologous to GS1 cDNA are present on chromosomes 1, 20, X, and Y, the functional GS1 gene is on the X chromosome. The GS1 gene appears to be non-essential, as there are no obvious clinical differences between STS deficient patients with point mutations in the STS gene, and patients with a deletion of the STS and GS1 genes. The GS1 gene is expressed from mouse-human cell hybrids containing active or inactive human X chromosomes, indicating that it escapes X inactivation. Characterization of GS1 genomic clones revealed that the gene consists of 4 exons spanning over 105 kb, with its transcriptional direction opposite to that of the STS gene. The isolation and characterization of a new gene which escapes X inactivation from distal Xp is of interest as it adds to our understanding of the structural organization of the human X chromosome and may help in providing clues regarding the mechanism of X-inactivation.
A Moment-Based Criterion for Determining Individual Bioequivalence

In comparative bioavailability trials, the focus in the determination of bioequivalence has been to show that the average bioavailability on a test formulation is similar to the average bioavailability on a reference formulation. It has been argued that this is not adequate to ensure interchangeability of formulations. In this paper, a linear model framework in which the concepts of interchangeability and individual bioequivalence can be expressed is established. A moment-based criterion which ensures interchangeability for at least a certain proportion of the population is introduced and a general statistical testing procedure to establish individual bioequivalence is developed. For the case of a balanced four-period two-sequence crossover experiment, an explicit test is given and the test's favorable statistical properties are shown.
Associations between peer-perceived status and aggression in young adolescents

Different functions within different forms of aggression were examined in relation to peer-perceived preference and popularity among middle school students. Two hundred and three 7th grade students were nominated by a subset of their grade mates based on indices of likeability, popularity, and aggressiveness. Both linear and curvilinear associations were examined. Lower peer preference, but higher popularity, was associated with increased levels of all types of aggression, supporting the need to differentiate the relationship between aggression and these two facets of peer status. Relational aggression was associated with both low and high levels of popularity. Overt aggression was related to low peer preference and, to a lesser degree, high peer preference. It appears that what separates low- and high-status students is not the presence of aggression per se, but how effectively their displays of aggression achieve their social goals. Findings are discussed in respect to social dominance theory, and implications for practice are considered. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
reaper is required for neuroblast apoptosis during Drosophila development

Developmentally regulated apoptosis in Drosophila requires the activity of the reaper (rpr), grim and head involution defective (hid) genes. The expression of these genes is differentially regulated, suggesting that there are distinct requirements for their proapoptotic activity in response to diverse developmental and environmental inputs. To examine this hypothesis, a mutation that removes the rpr gene was generated. In flies that lack rpr function, most developmental apoptosis was unaffected. However, the central nervous systems of rpr null flies were very enlarged. This was due to the inappropriate survival of both larval neurons and neuroblasts. Importantly, neuroblasts rescued from apoptosis remained functional, continuing to proliferate and generating many extra neurons. Males mutant for rpr exhibited behavioral defects resulting in sterility. Although both the ecdysone hormone receptor complex and p53 directly regulate rpr transcription, rpr was found to play a limited role in inducing apoptosis in response to either of these signals.
Fixed control limits for continuous flow processes

In this paper, fixed control limits are shown to be an effective means of monitoring data that are autocorrelated. Autocorrelated data are encountered in continuous flow processes (i.e., chemical processes) due to the natural properties of such processes or may be the result of the use of automatic feedback control. Average run lengths (ARLs), based upon 10000 simulations of various out-of-control conditions, are presented for these control charts. Based upon the simulated ARLs, it is concluded that the fixed control limits effectively detect changes in the autocorrelated structure while maintaining the exact performance as a standard Shewhart control chart for individual measurements when the process is not disturbed. Furthermore, example data sets are plotted on these control charts to graphically present their effective and ease of use. >
Susceptibility Tensor Imaging

Heterogeneity of magnetic susceptibility within brain tissues creates unique contrast between gray and white matter in MRI phase images acquired by gradient echo sequences. Detailed understanding of this contrast may provide meaningful diagnostic information. In this communication, we report an observation of extensive anisotropic magnetic susceptibility in the white matter of the central nervous system. Furthermore, we describe a susceptibility tensor imaging (STI) technique to measure and quantify this phenomenon. This technique relies on the measurement of resonance frequency offset at different orientations with respect to the main magnetic field. We propose to characterize this orientation variation using an apparent susceptibility tensor. The susceptibility tensor can be decomposed into three eigenvalues (principal susceptibilities) and associated eigenvectors that are coordinate-system independent. We show that the principal susceptibilities offer strong contrast between gray and white matter while the eigenvectors provide orientation information of an underlying magnetic network. We believe that this network may further offer information of white matter fiber orientation.
in)box with Malcom

This paper describes an interactive Augmented Reality (AR) art installation based on, and in, an ISO (International Organization for Standardization) shipping container. The work was inspired by the book, "The Box" [1] written by Marc Levinson, and the theatrical work of Petr Sourek [2] which explores the persona of Malcom McLean, inventor of the shipping container as we know it today.
A Drosophila model of early onset torsion dystonia suggests impairment in TGF-β signaling

To investigate the cellular and molecular etiology of early onset torsion dystonia, we have established a Drosophila model of this disorder. Expression of mutant human torsinA deleted for a single glutamic acid residue (DeltaE HtorA), but not normal HtorA, elicits locomotor defects in Drosophila. As in mammalian systems, DeltaE HtorA in flies forms protein accumulations that localize to synaptic membranes, nuclei and endosomes. Various morphological defects at the neuromuscular junction in larvae expressing DeltaE HtorA were observed at the EM level, some of which resemble those recently reported for mutants with defects in TGF-beta signaling. These results together with the distribution patterns and localizations of DeltaE HtorA accumulations suggested that DeltaE HtorA could interfere with some aspect of TGF-beta signaling from synapses to endosomes or nuclei. Consistent with this possibility, neuronal overexpression of Drosophila or human Smad2, a downstream effector of the TGF-beta pathway, suppressed the behavioral and ultrastructural defects of DeltaE HtorA flies. These results raise the possibility that a defect in TGF-beta signaling might also underlie early onset torsion dystonia in humans.
Enhancement of fax documents using a binary angular representation

In this paper, we explore a new approach to enhancing fax documents using a binary directional filter bank (DFB). The process of sending fax documents often results in distortions that are visible in the form of spurious point noise and ragged edges. We propose a new approach that remains in the binary domain for the entire process. Conventional directional filter banks provide representations that delineate the directional components in the text letters enabling edges and contours to be smoothed appropriately. Our binary DFB receives a binary input and outputs a binary image comprised of directional components. With proper weighting of the subbands, the synthesis section can suppress the information of the artifacts in the output image. This paper provides a description of a new binary DFB and its application to enhancing text that has been degraded by the faxing process.
A new repetitive controller for mechanical manipulators

A new repetitive learning controller for motion control of mechanical manipulators undergoing periodic tasks is developed. This controller does not require exact knowledge of the manipulator dynamic structure or its parameters, and is computationally efficient. In addition, no actual joint accelerations or any matrix inversions are needed in the control law. The global asymptotic stability of the ideal and the robust stability of the nonideal control system is proven, taking into account the full nonlinear dynamics of the manipulator. Simulation results of this algorithm applied to a realistic Scara type manipulator, which includes dry friction, pay-load inertia variations, actuator/sensor noise, and unmodelled dynamics are also presented.
Effects of Spermine-Conjugated Bowman-Birk Inhibitor (Spermine-BBI) on Carcinogenesis and Cholesterol Biosynthesis in Mice

Purpose. The goals of the studies reported here were to evaluate the effects of the soybean-derived protease inhibitor known as the Bowman-Birk inhibitor (BBI) and its spermine-conjugate (spermine-BBI) on the prevention of lung tumorigenesis and the reduction of heart disease parameters.
Identifying Risk at the Conceptual Phase of Product Design: A Software Solution

This paper introduces RED (Risk in Early Design) software developed by the R.I.S.K by Design Lab at University of Missouri-Rolla. The RED software is a risk analysis tool that enables failure prevention to begin during the conceptual phase of product design. The main focus of the paper is describing the software architecture and application. Its unique graphical user interface allows designers to simply select the functions of the system being designed and the software immediately generates a risk analysis report. This analysis categorizes risk likelihood and consequence elements for a product by translating the recorded information about function and failure. An example describing the software’s use in the design process is also presented.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Moderate Dose Inhaled Corticosteroid-Induced Symptomatic Adrenal Suppression Case Report and Review of the Literature

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are drugs of choice for persistent asthma. Less than 500 µg/d of fluticasone are believed to be safe. We found 92 cases of adrenal suppression in PubMed; among these cases there were 13 children who took 500 µg/d or less of fluticasone. Adrenal insufficiency was diagnosed in a 7-year-old boy on 460 µg ICS for 16 months, with a diagnosis of chronic persistent asthma. A random cortisol was nondetectable as was an early morning cortisol. ICS have greatly improved the day-to-day lives of children with chronic persistent asthma. Parents of children younger than 12 years, who use at least 400 µg of inhaled fluticasone (or bioequivalent), must be given oral and written instructions about warning symptoms of hypocortisolism. Major stress such as surgery, gastrointestinal, bronchopulmonary, or other systemic infections, and heat stress may mandate a written plan of action for use by hospital physicians.
Dynamic Analysis of Grid Frames

In Chapter 11 consideration was given to the dynamic analysis of the plane frame when subjected to forces acting on the plane of the structure. When the planar structural system is subjected to loads applied normally to its plane, the structure is referred to as a grid frame. This structure can also be treated as a special case of the three-dimensional frame to be presented in Chapter 13. The reason for considering the planar frame, whether loaded in its plane or normal to its plane, as a special case, is the immediate reduction of unknown nodal coordinates for an element of these special structures, hence a considerable reduction in the number of unknown displacements for the structural system.
Evaluation of the haemostatic profile in the Dre- and post parturient mare, with particular focus on the perinatal period

Summary Various haemostatic analytes were systematically evaluated for four months pre-partum and five months post partum in 14 healthy mares. The plasma fibrinogen concentration and both Factor VIII:C and von Willebrand factor activity showed gradual increases from mid-gestation and reached maximal, or near maximal activity at parturition. These increases were paralleled by an increase in plasma fibronectin concentration, the appearance of fibrinogen degradation products, and a modest rise in antithrombin III concentration. In contrast, the activity of Factor VII and Factor IX, and the one-stage prothrombin (PT) time and the activated partial thromboplastin (APTT) time remained relatively constant throughout the pre- and post parturient period.
YOUNG CHILDREN'S NARRATIVES AND IDEOLOGIES OF LANGUAGE IN CLASSROOMS

A research study of African-American preschool and kindergarten children in urban settings was conducted to generate insights about narrative development. This article discusses the use of two different narrative styles, narratives as text and narratives as performance, and the tension that often exists between these two perspectives. The production of a well-formed narrative text may not necessarily be accompanied by an engaging performance and vice versa. More importantly, there is a tension in how narratives are evaluated in school. Data suggest that schools may emphasize an orientation toward narrative as text and diminish the importance narrative performances, especially those that build social relationships and social identities at the expense of "well-structured" text.
On the elimination of the electronic structure bottleneck in on the fly nonadiabatic dynamics for small to moderate sized (10-15 atom) molecules using fit diabatic representations based solely on ab initio electronic structure data: The photodissociation of phenol

In this work, we demonstrate that for moderate sized systems, here a system with 13 atoms, global coupled potential energy surfaces defined for several electronic states over a wide energy range and for distinct regions of nuclear coordinate space characterized by distinct electron configurations, can be constructed with precise energetics and an excellent description of non-adiabatic interactions in all regions. This is accomplished using a recently reported algorithm for constructing quasi-diabatic representations, Hd, of adiabatic electronic states coupled by conical intersections. In this work, the algorithm is used to construct an Hd to describe the photodissociation of phenol from its first and second excited electronic states. The representation treats all 33 internal degrees of freedom in an even handed manner. The ab initio adiabatic electronic structure data used to construct the fit are obtained exclusively from multireference configuration interaction with single and double excitation wave functions comprised of 88 × 106 configuration state functions, at geometries determined by quasi-classical trajectories. Since the algorithm uses energy gradients and derivative couplings in addition to electronic energies to construct Hd, data at only 7379 nuclear configurations are required to construct a representation, which describes all nuclear configurations involved in H atom photodissociation to produce the phenoxyl radical in its ground or first excited electronic state, with a mean unsigned energy error of 202.9 cm−1 for electronic energies <60 000 cm−1.
Abstract 124: Patient-Identified Factors Related to Heart Failure Readmissions

Background : Readmission following hospitalization for heart failure (HF) has received increasing attention yet relatively little is known about its root causes. The purpose of our study was to systematically investigate the experiences of patients to gain a better understanding of factors related to readmission. Although prior studies have relied on administrative databases, retrospective chart review, and single-question surveys, ours involves systematic, in-depth primary data collection. Methods : Qualitative semi-structured interviews, paired with chart reviews, were conducted on 28 patients readmitted within 6 months of index hospitalization for HF. Interview questions focused on reasons for readmission and other readmission-related topics and suggestions for improving care. Combinations of both inductive and deductive qualitative approaches were used to code and interpret data. Results : Patient median age was 61, 29% were African American, Latino, or Native American, 50% were married, 32% had preserved ejection fraction, with multimorbidity common. Adherence to self-care behaviors (diet, fluid, medications) was high for most patients. Depression and anxiety, comorbidities, access to care, and economic hardship were identified as significant difficulties for many patients in managing HF. Patient perspectives on the causes of readmission coalesced into 4 common themes: 1) symptom focused (rather than diagnoses based), 2) readmission was unavoidable, often due to the inexorable progression of HF, 3) self-blaming for behaviors related to self care, and 4) health care system failures, including premature discharge from index hospitalization. Interestingly, patient perspectives about reasons for readmission were multi-dimensional in nature, with any single reason rarely given. Patient interviews and provider documentation in charts, while not conflicting, generally did not offer similar causes of readmission in the majority of cases. Conclusions : Our study provides the first systematic qualitative assessment of patient perspectives on HF readmission. Contrary to previous research, we found that patient experiences highlighted a variety of contributing factors for readmission which made it difficult to categorize a readmission as preventable. These findings highlight the importance of considering the patient perspective in designing policies and interventions aimed at reducing unnecessary HF readmissions.
Model systems for studying cellular mechanisms of SCN1A related epilepsy

Mutations in SCN1A, the gene encoding voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.1, cause a spectrum of epilepsy disorders that range from genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus to catastrophic disorders such as Dravet syndrome. To date, more than 1,250 mutations in SCN1A have been linked to epilepsy. Distinct effects of individual SCN1A mutations on neuronal function are likely to contribute to variation in disease severity and response to treatment in patients. Several model systems have been used to explore seizure genesis in SCN1A epilepsies. In this article we review what has been learned about cellular mechanisms and potential new therapies from these model systems, with a particular emphasis on the novel model system of knock in Drosophila and a look toward the future with expanded use of patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons.
Natural product derived immune-regulatory agents

We can now declare that the clinical goal of immune intervention as a therapeutic strategy for neoplastic, infectious, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, has been achieved and in many instances obtained regulatory approval. Although, interest in and optimism for this approach has fluctuated, in the last 20years, immunotherapy has progressed from trials with crude microbial mixtures and extracts to the sophisticated use of pure cultured bacterial, synthetized active moieties identified from crude extracts, analogues therefrom and agonists and antagonists identified during screening resulting in reproducible pharmacologically active compounds with multiple mechanisms of action. Our current understanding of the mechanism of action for immunoregulatory agents contributes to the future discovery of improved strategies to use these and future immunotherapies. In this review we have identified and discussed, those drugs that have been approved and or are in clinical development as immunoregulatory agents, emphasizing those derived from or associated with natural product.
Quantitative determination of C-reactive protein by complement fixation.

SummaryA quantitative immunochemical method for determination of C-reactive protein concentration in serum is described. The sensitivity of this method, based on complement fixation. has been selected to measure the same concentration range of CRP as determined by microprecipitation. Two important features generally applicable to complement fixation methods are presented; namely. removal of anticomplementary activity from absorbed antisera and use of a reference standard to compensate for variations in fixa-bility of complement.
Initiation of translation from a downstream in-frame AUG codon on BRCA1 can generate the novel isoform protein ΔBRCA1(17aa)

Expression of the breast and ovarian cancer gene BRCA1 is regulated at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. We found that the expression of the BRCA1 protein may also be regulated at the translational level. In addition to an AUG start codon at position 1, BRCA1 mRNA has a second in-frame AUG (+17) that acts as an alternative start codon to generate a novel BRCA1 protein that lacks the first 17 amino acids (DeltaBRCA1(17aa)). We fused cDNAs encoding the second exon of BRCA1 of the wild-type BRCA1 gene (wt-BRCA1) and a mutated BRCA1 gene (mt-BRCA1), in which the first initiation site and its Kozak consensus sequence were abolished, with the nucleophosmin (NPM) reporter gene and used them for in vitro and in vivo translation assays. In both systems, the wt-BRCA1-NPM constructs produced two distinct proteins (18 and 16 kD) begun from the first and second AUGs. The mt-BRCA1-NPM constructs produced only the shorter 16-kD protein lacking the first 17 amino acids of the BRCA1 gene. Next, we analysed the N-terminal protein sequence of purified BRCA1 protein from normal thymocytes and found two different BRCA1 proteins, derived from translation of the first and second in-frame AUGs. Thus, BRCA1 protein expression can be regulated at the translation level in normal cells. Characterization of DeltaBRCA1(17aa) may shed light on the function and regulation of BRCA1 in normal cells as well as the pathogenesis of breast and ovarian cancers. Oncogene (2000).
Crack interaction in composites

This work is concerned with the interaction of a macro-crack with a micro-crack in a cross-ply composite laminate. Two macro-cracks; matrix cracks and delaminations are considered, interacting with the matrix micro-cracks. The micro-cracks are both, normal and at an angle to the macro-cracks. Finite Element method is used to obtain the stress distribution in the vicinity of the crack tips. Quarter point singular elements are used near the crack tip for a better simulation of the crack tip singularity. J-integral is used as the crack characterization parameter. Stress fields and variation in J-integral values are presented where the macro-crack approaches the micro-crack.
Crystallography and Preparation of Some ABCl3 Compounds.

Compounds of the composition ABCl3, in which A is K, Rb, NH4, or Cs and where B is a divalent element, have been reviewed. Ten new compounds were prepared on which there was little or no previous crystallographic information. Refined unit cell parameters were obtained on these and on fifteen other compounds in this group. A general review of the structural information on this group is presented in tables, and a comprehensive list of references is included.
An Accurate And Stable Wave Equation For Pure Acoustic TTI Modeling

One fundamental shortcoming of the conventional pseudoacoustic approximation is that it only prevents shear wave propagation along the symmetry axis of anisotropy and not in other directions. This problem leads to the presence of unwanted shear waves in P-wave simulation results and brings artifacts into P-wave RTM images. More significantly, the pseudo-acoustic wave equations become unstable for anisotropy parameters e < δ and for heterogeneous models with highly varying dip and azimuth angles in tilted transversely isotropic (TTI) media. Pure acoustic anisotropic wave equations completely de-couple the P-wave response from the elastic wavefield and naturally solve all the above-mentioned problems. In this work, we propose a new pure acoustic TTI wave equation and compare it with the conventional coupled pseudo-acoustic wave equation. We derive finite difference solutions to this new equation and use numerical examples to demonstrate that it produces highly accurate P-wave results, very close to results produced by coupled pseudo-acoustic wave equations, but completely free from shear wave artifacts.
Evaluation of therapeutic efficiency of Vitapex used for canal filling on 76 cases of chronic apical periodontitis with sinus of primary teeth

Objective:To evaluate the thereutic efficiency of Vitapex for canal filling on chronic apical periodontitis with sinus of primary teeth.Methods:76 primary teeth with chronic apical periodontitis by root canal filling with vitapex.Results:After two week,71 cases showed on no pain and disappearance of sinus(93.4%).Conclusion:Vitapex canal filling is a good methods in treating chronic apical periodontits with sinus of primary teeth.
Investigation of Rural Environmental Sanitation in 2011 ～ 2012 in Anhui Province

Objective To understand the levels of rural environmental health hazards,evaluate the health status of rural environment and provide the scientific evidence for the government to draw up improving rural environmental sanitation planning. Methods According to the proportional stratified( including economic level,physical geography,population and so on),480 administrative villages of 24 counties were randomly selected for the survey object. Used the unified questionnaire and collected survey data through information access,interviews,field observation,laboratory testing methods. Results Living garbage collection of 480 administrative villages were mainly piled up arbitrarily,followed by the fixed- point stacking; the main disposal method of living garbage and Industrial waste were burn and sanitary landfill. The living sewage was discharged arbitrarily,followed by open channel and discharge place of living sewage is mainly pond,followed by river. Most of the industrial sewage was directly discharged. The popularization rate of sanitary toilet in 2012 was higher than 2011. Only 12. 71% of the village carried out the work of killing flies,only 4. 79% of the village carried out the work to kill cockroaches. Conclusion The rural environmental health situation is not optimistic,There are many environmental risk factors affecting population health.
Job Shop Scheduling

The job shop scheduling problem (JSP) is a resource allocation problem where the resources are called machines. The problem involves finding an assignment (schedule) for a set of jobs to the machines so that the jobs can be completed “optimally.” Each job may consist of several tasks, and each task must be processed on a particular machine. Furthermore, the tasks in each job are subject to precedence constraints. A schedule is, then, an arrangement of all tasks on the machines that satisfies the precedence constraints. Usually the number of constraints is very large, which makes JSP one of the hardest combinatorial problems (an NP-complete problems, [99] and [57]. The flow shop problem (FSP), a much restricted version of JSP, can be reduced to the traveling salesman problem (TSP) [137].
Early Work on Characterizing Performance Anomalies in Hadoop

Hadoop processes a huge variety of data in diverse operating environments, ranging from large, heterogeneous wharehouse-scale computers to enterprise server rooms. There is not a unique execution setting for these systems which can guarantee best performance for each of the query. In this paper, we establish how significant a particular execution parameters are Hadoop clusters. Specifically, we characterize the parameter space using using decision trees. We studied parameter features with finite discrete domains. Our tree learns the importance of each parameter by splitting source sets, each set is comprises performance data of many executions, into subsets based on attribute values. The attribute to split dataset on is selected based on maximum information gain or lowest entropy. We have found that the impact an execution parameter can have on target attribute can be related to distance of that feature node from the root of the constructed decision tree. From initial results the percent change in values of target attribute for various value of feature node which is closer to root is 6 times larger than when that same feature node is one more level away from root node.
Effect of bosutinib on the absorption of dabigatran etexilate mesylate, a P-glycoprotein substrate, in healthy subjects.

Bosutinib, a dual Src and Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia, demonstrated concentration-dependent inhibitory effects on P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated digoxin efflux in vitro, suggesting that bosutinib may inhibit P-gp substrates. The effect of bosutinib on dabigatran etexilate mesylate (EM) absorption, a P-gp substrate, was evaluated. In this open-label, randomized, single-dose, one-cohort, two-sequence, two-period crossover study, healthy, fed subjects received dabigatran EM (150 mg × 1 orally) alone or 1 h after receiving bosutinib tablets (100 mg × 5 orally). Dabigatran EM monotherapy and concurrent administration of dabigatran EM with bosutinib resulted in similar values for concentration time curves from time zero extrapolated to infinity (AUCinf), but slightly lower maximum plasma concentration (C max) values (AUCinf, 1182 and 1186 ng·h/mL, respectively; C max, 129.8 and 114.1 ng/mL). The time to maximum concentration for dabigatran was 2.99 and 3.99 h for combination therapy. The ratio of the adjusted geometric means (test/reference) of dabigatran AUCinf and C max (90 % confidence interval) were 101.4 % (89.6–114.9 %) and 89.7 % (77.8–103.4 %), respectively, following administration of dabigatran EM with bosutinib (test) relative to dabigatran EM administered alone (reference). Six subjects receiving combination treatment reported a total of seven adverse events (AEs) versus none for subjects receiving monotherapy alone. All AEs were mild to moderate and considered treatment related. These data demonstrate that single doses of bosutinib do not affect dabigatran exposure, suggesting that bosutinib is not a clinical inhibitor of P-gp. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02102633. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02102633?term=NCT02102633&rank=1
Simultaneous assessment of hand function and neuromuscular quickness through a static object manipulation task in healthy adults.

Both hand function [as seen through the coordination between grip force (GF) and load force (LF)] and the ability to produce a submaximal force quickly (i.e., neuromuscular quickness) are two important qualities of motor function that could be seriously affected by the presence of neurological diseases. Therefore, their quantitative assessment is very important in clinical settings. Within this study, we aimed to develop, standardize, and measure the within-session reliability of a clinically meaningful test that assesses both hand function and neuromuscular quickness simultaneously. Thirteen healthy young adults produced around 90 rapid isometric LF pulses to varying submaximal magnitudes by either pulling down or pulling up on an externally fixed GF- and LF-measuring device. Results revealed high indices of force coordination (i.e., GF scaling as assessed by GF/LF and GF coupling as assessed by maximum cross-correlation between GF and LF) in both force directions, while GF coupling was higher in downward than in upward direction (p 0.05), and shorter half-relaxation time (p < 0.05) for LF than for GF. Furthermore, all of the selected variables showed moderate to excellent within-session reliability with only 45 pulses. Findings suggest that brief force production tasks should be further evaluated as clinical tests of hand function and neuromuscular quickness in various populations.
Technical program overview

Welcome to Austin, Texas for the inaugural IEEE Global Conference on Signal and Information Processing. GlobalSIP is a new flagship IEEE Signal Processing Society conference that targets hot topics and up-and-coming themes in signal and information processing. GlobalSIP is organized differently from other IEEE SPS meetings to encourage new SPS research directions and to foster emerging areas.
Mechanism of valve failure and efficacy of reintervention through catheterization in patients with bioprosthetic valves in the pulmonary position.

Background: Surgical and transcatheter bioprosthetic valves (BPVs) in the pulmonary position in patients with congenital heart disease may ultimately fail and undergo transcatheter reintervention. Angiographic assessment of the mechanism of BPV failure has not been previously described. Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the mode of BPV failure (stenosis/regurgitation) requiring transcatheter reintervention and to describe the angiographic characteristics of the failed BPVs and report the types and efficacy of reinterventions. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective single-center review of consecutive patients who previously underwent pulmonary BPV placement. (surgical or transcatheter) and subsequently underwent percutaneous reintervention from 2005 to 2014. Results: Fifty-five patients with surgical. (41) and transcutaneous pulmonary valve. (TPV) (14) implantation of BPVs underwent 66 catheter reinterventions. The surgically implanted valves underwent fifty reinterventions for indications including 16 for stenosis, seven for regurgitation, and 27 for both, predominantly associated with leaflet immobility, calcification, and thickening. Among TPVs, pulmonary stenosis. (PS) was the exclusive failure mode, mainly due to loss of stent integrity. (10) and endocarditis. (4). Following reintervention, there was a reduction of right ventricular outflow tract gradient from 43 ± 16 mmHg to 16 ± 10. mmHg (P Conclusion: Failing surgically implanted BPVs demonstrate leaflet calcification, thickness, and immobility leading to PS and/or regurgitation while the mechanism of TPV failure in the short- to mid-term is stenosis, mainly from loss of stent integrity. This can be effectively treated with a catheter.based approach, predominantly with the valve-in-valve technique.