cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An assessment of suicide-related knowledge and skills among health professionals.

Objective: The present studies sought to examine the association between gatekeeper training and suicide knowledge among a diverse set of health care workers (case managers, clinicians, administrators, nurses, physicians, support staff). An additional aim of the current studies was to investigate knowledge about suicide among health care workers as well as their confidence in their training and skills. Method: A naturalistic and uncontrolled group comparison study of two large groups (n = 1,336 and 1,507) of community health workers was conducted by having participants complete a brief online survey that assessed suicide-related knowledge, as well as confidence in training, skills, and support. Results: In Study 1, participants with Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) outperformed those without ASIST training in terms of their knowledge about suicidal behavior and their confidence in their skills. In Study 2, participants with Question, Persuade, and Refer (QPR) training outperformed those with Essential Learning's Suicide Prevention (Online) training and those with No Training on suicide knowledge items; both QPR and Online trained workers reported greater confidence in their skills than workers with No Training. Across both studies, physicians and clinicians tended to score the highest on suicide knowledge and skills items. Conclusions: Overall, health care workers appear to be knowledgeable about suicidal behavior, but there are some specific gaps in their knowledge, such as the rates of suicide in special populations. Participants with ASIST and QPR training demonstrated greater knowledge and skills related to suicidal behavior as compared with participants without gatekeeper training. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved). Language: en
Fundamentals, information, and international capital flows: A welfare analysis

Abstract In the recent discussion surrounding the design of a new international financial architecture, enhancing transparency has widely been proposed as a policy essential for increasing the efficiency of international capital markets. This paper uses a simple two-country (two-agent) general equilibrium model with incomplete markets and production to explore the welfare consequences of an increase in public information about country-specific fundamentals (increase in transparency). An improvement in the quality of information has two effects on the ex ante welfare of individual countries: A direct effect that increases the efficiency of global capital allocation and welfare, and an indirect general equilibrium effect that increases asset price volatility and may decrease welfare. When the degree of risk-aversion is low, at least one country will gain from an increase in information quality. If the degree of risk-aversion is high, then there are robust examples of economies for which an increase in information hurts all countries. The paper also discusses how certain institutional arrangements (international derivative markets, international agency) could ensure that all countries gain from better information by providing insurance against information-induced asset price risk.
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Proteins 1 and 2 Control Serum-Dependent Translation in a TOP-Dependent and -Independent Manner

The tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) proteins TSC1 and TSC2 regulate protein translation by inhibiting the serine/threonine kinase mTORC1 (for mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1). However, how TSC1 and TSC2 control overall protein synthesis and the translation of specific mRNAs in response to different mitogenic and nutritional stimuli is largely unknown. We show here that serum withdrawal inhibits mTORC1 signaling, causes disassembly of translation initiation complexes, and causes mRNA redistribution from polysomes to subpolysomes in wild-type mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs). In contrast, these responses are defective in Tsc1(-/-) or Tsc2(-/-) MEFs. Microarray analysis of polysome- and subpolysome-associated mRNAs uncovered specific mRNAs that are translationally regulated by serum, 90% of which are TSC1 and TSC2 dependent. Surprisingly, the mTORC1 inhibitor, rapamycin, abolished mTORC1 activity but only affected approximately 40% of the serum-regulated mRNAs. Serum-dependent signaling through mTORC1 and polysome redistribution of global and individual mRNAs were restored upon re-expression of TSC1 and TSC2. Serum-responsive mRNAs that are sensitive to inhibition by rapamycin are highly enriched for terminal oligopyrimidine and for very short 5' and 3' untranslated regions. These data demonstrate that the TSC1/TSC2 complex regulates protein translation through mainly mTORC1-dependent mechanisms and implicates a discrete profile of deregulated mRNA translation in tuberous sclerosis pathology.
Successful outcome with extended allograft ischemic time in pediatric heart transplantation

Abstract Background Many cardiac transplant programs have liberalized donor eligibility criteria in an attempt to maximize donor supply and to accommodate increasing demand. Although many studies have evaluated the potential adverse effects of prolonged donor ischemic time (DIT) in adults undergoing cardiac transplantation, relatively few have focused specifically on pediatric recipients that include a substantial number of patients and long-term follow-up. The focus of this study was to examine the effect of extended DIT on mortality after pediatric heart transplantation. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of our pediatric cardiac transplant experience in the past 11 years, comparing patients who received allografts and had ischemic times >240 minutes with those who had ischemic times Results A total of 129 pediatric patients ( 240 minutes. We found no statistically significant difference in age, sex, race, height, weight, or donor age between the groups ( p = not significant). Post-transplant survival at 1, 5, and 10 years was similar for both groups: 91.2%, 88.0%, and 85.2%, respectively, for patients with DIT 240 minutes ( p = 0.433). Additionally, using Cox proportional hazard models, extended DIT >240 minutes was not a statistically significant independent predictor of post-transplant mortality (odds ratio, 0.655; 95% confidence interval, 0.518–0.972; p = 0.684; standard error = 0.468). Conclusion Procurement of hearts from distant locations with associated extended DIT is justified in the setting of increased demand and a fixed donor population.
Convection Patterns in Liquid Oxide Films on ZrB2–SiC Composites Oxidized at a High Temperature

During the high-temperature oxidation of ZrB2–SiC composites, liquid boron oxide (B2O3) is formed at the zirconium diboride–zirconium oxide interface and transported through the overlying layer of silica liquid by convection, forming distinct convection cells arranged like the petals of a flower. The convection cells are localized by a viscous fingering phenomenon, as the fluid B2O3 rich liquid solution rises through the viscous silica layer. The upwelling B2O3 rich liquid contains dissolved zirconium dioxide, which deposits in the center of the flower-like structure as the B2O3 evaporates. The driving force for the B2O3 liquid flow is the volume increase upon oxidation of ZrB2. Convective transport of B2O3 liquids suggests a novel mechanism for the high-temperature oxidation of these materials.
Organic carbon oxidation and suppression of methane production by microbial Fe(III) oxide reduction in vegetated and unvegetated freshwater wetland sediments

High concentrations (20-75 pmol cm-3) of amorphous Fe(III) oxide were observed in unvegetated surface and Juncus eflusus rhizosphere sediments of a freshwater wetland in the southeastern United States. Incubation experiments demonstrated that microbial Fe(III) oxide reduction suppressed sulfate reduction and methanogenesis in surface scdimcnts and mediated 240% of depth-integrated (O-10 cm) unvegetated sediment carbon metabolism, compared to I 10% for sulfate reduction. In situ CO2 and CH, flux measurements verified that nonmethanogenic pathways accounted for - 50% of unvegetated sediment carbon metabolism. Lower (- 1 O-fold) rates of dark/anaerobic CH, flux from experimental vegetated cores relative to unvegetated controls suggested that methanogenesis was inhibited in the Juncus rhizosphere, in which active Fe(III) oxide reduction was indicated by the presence of low but readily detectable levels of dissolved and solid-phase Fe(II). Fe(III) oxide reduction accounted for 65% of total carbon metabolism in rhizosphere sediment incubations, compared to 22% for methanogenesis. In contrast, methanogenesis dominated carbon metabolism (72% of total) in experimental unvegetatcd sediment cores. The high Fe(III) oxide concentrations and reduction rates observed in unvegetated surface and Juncus rhizosphere sediments were perpetuated by rapid Fe(III) regeneration via oxidation of Fe(II) compounds coupled to 0, input from the overlying water and plant roots, respectively. The results indicate that Fe(III) oxide reduction could mediate a considerable amount of organic carbon oxidation and significantly suppress CH, production in freshwater wetlands situated within globally extensive iron-rich tropical and subtropical soil regimes.
FLAVOR SINGLET AXIAL CURRENT AND CHIRAL HYPERBAG

The EMC experiment on the proton matrix element of the flavor singlet axial current is interpreted in the framework of the chiral hyperbag. Including the strange quark mass effects, the up, down and strange quark component of the axial currents are calculated and compared with the experiments. The numerical results show that the Cheshire Cat principle holds even when the strange quarks are present.
The biology and biochemistry of diacylglycerol signalling

A few bottles of Rioja and some late‐evening dinners in the beautiful city of Madrid provided the setting for a workshop on Molecular Advances in Diacylglycerol Signalling. The participants were greeted by the impressive surroundings of the Juan March Institute with a concurrent exhibition of nineteenth‐century French paintings on the human body. A series of excellent talks provided a tantalizing view of the current state of diacylglycerol (DAG) signalling. In this report, I provide an overview of the main concepts that arose at this meeting. The meeting on Molecular Advances in DAG Signalling took place at the Instituto Juan March de Estudios e Investigaciones in Madrid, Spain, between 15 and 17 November 2004, and was organized by M. Kazanietz, P. Parker and T. Iglesias. ![][1] The meeting began on a sad note, as P. Parker (London, UK) remembered Yasutomi Nishizuka, the father of protein kinase C (PKC), who unexpectedly passed away just a few weeks before the meeting, on 4 November 2004. In the late 1970s, Nishizuka and his colleagues discovered PKC as the first receptor for DAG, an orphan lipid at the time, which heralded an entirely new field of lipid signalling. Parker recalled the vibrant personality of Dr Nishizuka, whose infectious enthusiasm for science and PKC was well known. Although PKC is arguably the most recognizable target of DAG, this meeting provided a forum to discuss other DAG receptors that have come centre stage, including chimaerins, Ras guanyl‐releasing proteins (RasGRPs), Munc13, protein kinase Ds (PKDs) and DAG kinases. Clearly, cellular responses that are attributed to DAG, and phorbol esters that mimic DAG action, can no longer be attributed solely to PKCs, which highlights the complexity we face when ascribing cellular responses to this ubiquitous lipid second messenger. ### Diacylglycerol and protein kinase C In the first session of the meeting, A. Newton (San Diego, CA, … [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Intergenerational Learning through World of Warcraft

Although World of Warcraft, one of the most popular multiplayer games, is not traditionally perceived as a learning medium, there is evidence that players teach and learn from each other. This paper reports a series of controlled sessions where strangers of different generations were paired and instructed to learn from each other. Ten pairs participated in 5 one-hour sessions spread over two weeks. The study found that the older players learned about agility and aimless fun from the younger players, and the younger players learned about courteous interactions from the older players. Very few conflicts were observed in those interactions, and when conflicts happened, they were due to difference in playing styles rather than age differences.
Hypersensitivity: T Lymphocyte‐mediated (Type IV)

Five types of hypersensitivity reactions have been described: types I, II, III and V depend on the interaction of antigen with antibody and have been termed immediate; type IV depends on the interaction of antigen with T lymphocytes and has been called delayed-type hypersensitivity, or DTH. The DTH reaction involves cellular activation of T-helper cells (CD4+) and/or cytotoxic T cells (CD8+ CTLs). Subsequent cytokine secretion gives rise to distinct pathologies. In many cases, sustained release of antigen and continued activation of sensitized T cells results in amplification of responses that provoke excessive macrophage activation. These events are the basis for development of a broad range of inflammatory pathologies which range from erythema and oedema to granuloma formation, to extended development of fibrosis and even tissue necrosis. Key Concepts: Type IV hypersensitivity (also called delayed-type hypersensitivity, DTH) represents immune reactivity where lymphocytes have had prior encounter with antigen. The DTH is conferred by sensitized T lymphocytes, but not by serum factors. The DTH reaction involves T lymphocyte interactions with antigen culminating in cellular recruitment and activation, and subsequent cytokine secretion. Because the T cell-mediated responses require induced synthesis of effector molecules they develop more slowly, thus they are termed ‘delayed-type’ hypersensitive responses. DTH responses can manifest from contact with allergens or infectious agents, giving rise to localized inflammation, erythema and oedema. The classical manifestations of DTH are defined as cutaneous (contact), tuberculin or granulomatous hypersensitivity. The DTH evolved as a protective host mechanism to combat pathogens; however, excessive DTH responses can lead to immunopathology, exhibited by granuloma formation, fibrosis or even tissue necrosis. DTH reactions are prominent in autoimmune diseases, and have also been demonstrated to play a role in the response to transplantation of tissue from a genetically different donor (allogeneic transplantation). Keywords: adjuvant; granuloma; antigen; hyper sensitivity; DTH
Graphene-decorated graphite–sulfur composite as a high-tap-density electrode for Li–S batteries

Establishing the efficient electronic conductivity of a sulfur cathode without compromising the volumetric energy density and confining dissolved polysulfides within the cathode of the cell are first-order research priorities in the area of Li–S batteries. The emerging nanotechnology-based approaches, especially the use of porous nanocarbon in the formation of the sulfur electrode, stand to negatively affect the volumetric energy due to the low tap-density of C–S cathodes. In order to address these issues, we study the effects of the porosity and density of different carbons such as graphite, graphene and graphite–graphene hybrids on the overall volumetric capacity of the electrode. Although graphene–sulfur (GS) and graphene-decorated graphite–sulfur (GGS) electrodes show similar gravimetric capacities (~1050 mA h g−1), the GGS electrode exhibits a high volumetric capacity (745 mA h cm−3) without compromising the electrochemical stability over 50 cycles. Furthermore, an excellent cycle stability of the GGS electrode over 100 cycles is achieved by coating a thin layer of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) on the GGS electrode. Maintaining a high tap-density along with porosity is key in achieving high volumetric capacity in C–S cathodes.
Relational agents: a model and implementation of building user trust

Building trust with users is crucial in a wide range of applications, such as financial transactions, and some minimal degree of trust is required in all applications to even initiate and maintain an interaction with a user. Humans use a variety of relational conversational strategies, including small talk, to establish trusting relationships with each other. We argue that such strategies can also be used by interface agents, and that embodied conversational agents are ideally suited for this task given the myriad cues available to them for signaling trustworthiness. We describe a model of social dialogue, an implementation in an embodied conversation agent, and an experiment in which social dialogue was demonstrated to have an effect on trust, for users with a disposition to be extroverts.
Equilibrium and disequilibrium hypercalcemia new light on an old concept

Abstract In many patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) the plasma calcium does not change with time; although the mean value is elevated, the degree of random fluctuation about the mean is normal. Furthermore, bone resorption and turnover may be high, normal or low and external balance negative, zero or positive. These characteristics define equilibrium hypercalcemia. This is contrasted with disequilibrium hypercalcemia, in which the plasma calcium rises progressively with time, bone resorption is always increased and calcium balance always negative. Equilibrium hypercalcemia is a disturbance of the calcium homeostatic system in bone which regulates plasma calcium, and disequilibrium hypercalcemia is a disturbance of the remodelling system which regulates bone turnover and balance. The homeostatic system is based on the blood-bone equilibrium at quiescent bone surfaces. These are the site of large bidirectional fluxes of calcium demonstrated by autoradiography, and are covered by a layer of flat cells which separate the bone from the bone marrow. This biologic equilibrium must be reconciled with the chemical disequilibrium dictated by the physical chemistry of bone mineral. In whatever way this is accomplished, the system permits hypercalcemia to be maintained indefinitely without continued net loss of calcium from bone provided that tubular reabsorption of calcium is also increased. The remodelling system carries out the turnover of bone in anatomically discrete units in which resorption is coupled to subsequent formation. In pathologic bone resorption or in severe hyperparathyroidism this coupling is broken and a large disparity between total body resorption and formation overloads the ECF with calcium. However, severe hypercalcemia occurs only if there is also some limitation of the capacity of the kidney to excrete calcium, most commonly due to a combination of reduced GFR and increased tubular reabsorption of calcium consequent to sodium depletion. Several vicious circles are then initiated such that hypercalcemia which is dependent on a combination of increased net bone resorption and decreased capacity to excrete calcium is intrinsically unstable. A third type of hypercalcemia has some of the characteristics of the first two types described ; it is associated with increased calcium absorption and positive calcium balance and occurs especially in vitamin D intoxication. All three types occur in primary hyperparathyroidism and all three are frequently associated with increased tubular reabsorption of calcium. Their characteristics and the differences between them can only be explained in terms of the separation between the homeostatic and remodelling systems in bone.
Carving Out Space: Civil Society and the Women's Movement in South Korea

Is civil society gendered? What can the Korean women's movement tell us about the very notion and working of civil society and the 1990s history of democratization in South Korea? Students of democratization have overlooked these questions in their study of civil society as a vehicle of democratization and counterweight to the repressive state or the totalizing market (Silliman and Noble 1998; White 1996; Koo 1993; Cohen and Arato 1992; Gold 1990; Keane 1988). Recent criticisms of the celebration of civil society as the third path to societal democratization point out that such analyses tend to lapse into abstract discussions of relations between the state and civil society, devoid of a specific historical or social context (Fine 1997; Tempest 1997; Blaney and Pasha 1993). This absence of context can also lead to an inadequate view of civil society as a uniform and homogeneous space without social inequalities or divisions.
Source location of the narrowbanded radio bursts at Uranus : evidence of a cusp source

While Voyager 2 was inbound to Uranus, radio bursts of narrow bandwidth (less than 5 kHz) were detected between 17-116 kHz. These R-X mode bursts, designated n-bursts, were of short duration, tended to occur when the north magnetic pole tipped toward the spacecraft, and increased in occurrence with increasing solar wind density. An explicit determination of the burst source location is presented, based upon fitting the region of detection at high and low frequencies to field-aligned, symmetric cones. The region of good fits was located between the north magnetic pole and the rotational pole, corresponding approximately to the northern polar cusp.
KEY LINKAGES BETWEEN CHILD WELFARE AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT: SOCIAL FUNCTIONING IMPROVEMENTS AND CLIENT SATISFACTION IN A FAMILY DRUG TREATMENT COURT*

This article summarizes early findings regarding social functioning and client satisfaction from a longitudinal study of women receiving treatment in a family drug treatment court located in the Midwestern United States ( N = 33). Drug treatment court participants were interviewed at program entry and when they had completed 6 months of treatment. Family drug court participants reported significant improvements in employment status and increases in earned income after 6 months of treatment. Respondents also reported improved social functioning and high overall levels of satisfaction with treatment. Findings and implications for future research are discussed.
Integral Equation Failure in Wave Calculations

Over the past few years increasing attention has been given to the development of diffraction theories of water wave scattering. These theories take into account the scattering of waves by large submerged or semi submerged objects, as well as effects of both free surface and bottom. The purpose of the present paper is to show that there may be characteristic wavelengths for which the potential theory formulation breaks down, and the solution of the boundary value problem cannot be represented by a wave source integral formula.
Sexual orientation and gender identity in schools: A call for more research in school psychology—No more excuses

Research focused on sexual orientation and gender identity among youth is scarce in school psychology journals. Graybill and Proctor (2016; this issue) found that across a sample of eight school support personnel journals only .3 to 3.0% of the articles since 2000 included lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT)-related research. It appears that special issues are a mechanism for publishing LGBT-related scholarship. This commentary includes a call for more research in school psychology and other related disciplines that intentionally addresses experiences of LGBT youth and their families. Two articles in this special section are summarized and critiqued with clear directions for future scholarship. Researchers and practitioners are ethically responsible for engaging in social justice oriented research and that includes assessing gender identity and sexual orientation in their studies and prevention program evaluations.
Return to jeopardy: The fate of pediatric burn patients who are victims of abuse and neglect

Child abuse and neglect continue to account for a significant number of pediatric burn injuries. Although the epidemiology of intentional burn injuries has been studied, this report compares victims of abuse with victims of neglect. Furthermore, we investigate the long-term fate of both victim and perpetrator. A retrospective search of the North Carolina Jaycee Burn Center database identified 21 abuse and 21 neglect patients among 238 pediatric admissions (mean age, 5.4 years, mean surface area 14%) from 1992 to 1994. The medical, social, and legal records of each patients were examined by two independent reviewers. History, hospital course, and disposition were compared between groups by chi-square analysis and Student's t test. Compared with victims of neglect, abused children were slightly younger (2.1 vs 2.7 years), had somewhat larger burns (12.3% vs 9.05 total body surface area), had inconsistent mechanisms of injury (90% vs 33%, p Language: en
Creative Common Law Strategies for Protecting the Environment

Environmental common law litigation has reemerged in recent years as a powerful second pathway alongside statutory avenues for practitioners, communities, and governments to seek redress for environmental wrongs. Through a series of case studies written by practitioners, this book illustrates the possibilities of creatively using common law approaches to address a range of pressing environmental problems. The book first provides an overview of the major common law remedies and describes the limits of using existing statutory remedies under environmental citizen suit provisions. This overview is followed by a number of case studies profiling how common law theories have been applied or can be applied to protect environmental resources, including cutting-edge successful product liability actions against the manufacturers of PERC and MTBE for groundwater contamination; innovative public nuisance actions filed by public entities against the lead paint industry; creative administrative nuisance litigation to shut down a concrete-crushing facility; public nuisance actions against car manufacturers and large power producers because of their greenhouse gas emissions; actions under the public trust doctrine to restore water resources for Native Hawaiians and to protect wildlife; and common law theories for limiting harms from concentrated animal feeding operations. Contributing authors include Joseph Sax, William Rodgers, Michael Axline, Matthew Pawa, Ken Alex, Richard Drury, Victor Sher, Duane Miller, D. Kapua'ala Sproat, Isaac Moriwake, Andrew Hanson, Katie Zoglin, Jan Stevens and Tara Mueller.
Is Nasal Mucoperiosteal Closure Necessary in Cleft Palate Repair

Background:The goals of successful palate repair include optimizing speech and feeding, mitigating adverse maxillary growth effect, and avoiding fistulae. The necessity of vomerine and/or nasal-side mucosa repair has not been tested. The purpose of this study was to compare the outcome of palate rep
The Beginnings of the Money-Back Guarantee and the One-Price Policy in Champaign-Urbana, Illinois, 1833–1880

The widespread advent of money-back guarantees and one-price policies were symptomatic of a major transition in merchandising history. As trade grew and retail stores multiplied, standardization of terms and practices became apparent. Before 1864 Champaign-Urbana merchants had made little progress in developing a policy of standard prices. The postwar years brought increasing competition at the retail level, and the use of the money-back guarantee spread. When this practice became widespread, a one-price-to-all policy became essential. Some old-time merchants continued to haggle with customers, and barter trade in country produce created complications, but by the early 1870's the integration of one-price policies and money-back guarantees had been generally accomplished and the way paved for the advent of mass distribution.
Seismic Reservoir Monitoring With Permanent Encoded Seismic Arrays

Hydrocarbon reservoirs can be efficiently monitored with encoded data from permanent seismic arrays. Permanent seismic arrays can yield a vast amount of data that may enable near–real-time monitoring. Because these vast data volumes pose operational, storage and processing challenges, an encoding approach is desirable. Although data encoding introduces cross-talk artifacts, permanent arrays allow for high-repeatability of such artifacts, making time-lapse crossequalization easy. Furthermore, stacking data from several encoded intermittent seismic sources improve the signal-tonoise ratio. Using a 2D numerical model, we show that this method can give reliable time-lapse images that are comparable to those from conventional single-source data sets.
Acoustic and Respiratory Measures as a Function of Age in the Male Voice

The purpose of this study was to extend understanding of the effects of aging on the male voice by obtaining and analyzing both acoustic and respiratory measures across the aging continuum. Aerodynamic measurements such as vital capacity (VC), maximum phonation time (MPT) and the acoustic measurement Speaking Fundamental Frequency (SFF) are used commonly in Speech-language Pathology to aid in the assessment and treatment outcomes of vocal dysfunction. However, current research lacks analysis of the interaction across these parameters within males. This study examined the changes of these parameters and interactions in males across various age groups. Acoustic measures of SFF, MPT, and VC were obtained in age groups of 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, and 60-69, N=35. Age and SFF were found to be statistically significant. No other statistically significant interactions were observed.
Analysis of Unplanned Extubation in PICU on Causation and Nursing Strategies

Objective:To find out the reasons of unplanned extubation in a PICU setting.Methods:There were retrospective review of hospital records of all patients with unplanned extubation over a 5 year period.Results:34 cases of unplanned extubation occurred from 2005 to 2009.Risk factors were associated with inadequate sedation,ineffective restraints,age and inappropriate nursing care.Conclusion:Proper assessment of patients,structured nursing procedures,rational assignment of nursing manpower and preventive strategy can be made to cut down unplanned extubation in PICU.
Computer simulation research on effects of learning forenterprise cooperative innovation

This paper gave a three-factors influence model of effects of learning of enterprise cooperative innovation.By using the digital simulation,studied how the features of innovation tasks,innovation knowledge and innovation environment to affect the effects of learning,and came to a conclusion that the degree of enterprise specialization had a negative positive correlation with the innovation task decomposability,had a positive correlation with the innovation knowledge substitutability.And the uncertainty of innovation environment might enhance the degree of enterprise specialization.
Perioperative Heparin Bridging in Atrial Fibrillation Patients Requiring Temporary Interruption of Anticoagulation: Evidence from Meta-analysis.

Background Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) often require temporary interruption of warfarin for an elective operation or invasive procedure. However, the safety and efficacy of periprocedural bridging anticoagulation with unfractionated heparin (UH) or low–molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) are still unclear. We evaluated the safety of periprocedural heparin bridging in AF patients requiring temporary interruption of oral anticoagulation. Methods We searched the literature for trials that compared heparin bridging with no bridging in AF patients for whom warfarin was temporarily interrupted. The incidence of all-cause mortality, thromboembolism, and major and all bleeding was included, and meta-analysis was performed. Results A total of 13,808 patients with AF were included in 4 observational studies, 1 randomized trial, and 1 subgroup analysis of a randomized trial. The mean CHADS 2 score for the no heparin bridging group was 2.49 and that for the heparin bridging group was 2.34. At 30 days and up to 3 months, when compared to the heparin bridging group, the no bridging group did not have any significant difference in mortality (odds ratio [OR], 1.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], .15-11.52; P = .82) or cerebrovascular accidents (OR, .93; 95% CI, .34-2.51; P = .88), but the no bridging group had significantly less major bleeding (OR, .41; 95% CI, .24-.68; P = .0006). Conclusion Among AF patients with intermediate CHADS 2 scores who are anticoagulated with warfarin and who required temporary interruption of warfarin for an elective surgery or procedure, periprocedural bridging with UH or LMWH was associated with a higher rate of major bleeding with no significant difference in mortality or CVA.
Forest floor decomposition, metal exchangeability, and metal bioaccumulation by exotic earthworms: Amynthas agrestis and Lumbricus rubellus

Earthworms have the potential to reduce the retention of pollutant and plant essential metals in the forest floor (organic horizons) by decomposing organic matter and increasing exchangeability of metals. We conducted a laboratory experiment to investigate the effects of two exotic earthworms, Amynthas agrestis and Lumbricus rubellus, on forest floor decomposition, metal exchangeability, and metal bioaccumulation. Eighty-one pots containing homogenized forest floor material were incubated for 20, 40, or 80 days under three treatments: no earthworms, A. agrestis added, or L. rubellus added. For earthworm treatments, A. agrestis and L. rubellus were stocked at densities observed in previous field studies. Pots containing either A. agrestis or L. rubellus had lost more forest floor mass than the control plots after 40 and 80 days of incubation. Forest floor pots containing A. agrestis had significantly lower % C (16 ± 1.5 %) than control pots (21 ± 1.2 %) after 80 days. However, L. rubellus consumed more forest floor and C mass than A. agrestis, when evaluated on a per earthworm biomass basis. Exchangeable (0.1 M KCl + 0.01 M AcOH extractable) and stable (15 M HNO3+ 10 M HCl extractable) concentrations of Al, Ca, Cd, Cu, Mg, Mn, Pb, and Zn in forest floor material were measured. Stable concentrations and % exchangeable metals in forest floor material were similar among treatments. Although exchangeable metal concentrations varied significantly for most metals among treatments (except Mg and Zn), we conclude that earthworms did not increase or decrease the exchangeability of metals. However, earthworms bioaccumulated Cu, Cd, Zn, and Mg and had potentially hazardous tissue concentrations of Al and Pb. This was best illustrated by calculating bioaccumulation factors using exchangeable concentrations rather than total concentrations. Future research is needed to understand the effect of earthworms on metals in other soil types.
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing and channel models for payload communications of unmanned aerial systems

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) can be a good candidate for wideband communications to transmit payload data from an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) to the ground station in an Unmanned Aerial System (UAS). However, OFDM systems are prone to inter-channel interference caused by the Doppler spread. Furthermore, because of possible high speed of UAVs, the Doppler spread can be large. In order to design a proper OFDM system for a UAS, it is essential to have an appropriate air-to-ground channel model that accurately models the multipath and Doppler properties of the wideband channel from the UAV to the ground station. Six different channel models are proposed based on various scenarios of the altitude of the UAV (very low, low, and high) and the type of the environment that they are flying over (low-density suburban areas and high-density urban areas). Since no measurement data has been published for wideband signaling from UAVs to a ground station, these models are created by combining parameters of narrowband aeronautical channel models with downlink channel models of wideband terrestrial systems, including HiperLAN, LTE and IEEE 802.16 systems. These channel models were used to evaluate the performance of an OFDM for UAV-to-ground communications. Simulation results show that for high-speed UAVs, the number of sub-channels in an OFDM should be relatively small in order to have reliable communications.
Some New Directions for Publication in the Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment: New Constructs, Physiological Assessment, Worldwide Contribution, and Economics

This issue marks the beginning of my sixth year as Editor-in-Chief of Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment (JPBA). Due to excellent submissions, the journal has had impressive success in the past 5 years with the impact factor doubling in that time. Our team remains committed to soliciting and publishing the very best articles in order to continue this trend and to place the most informative science in the pages of JPBA. With high-quality submissions, the journal has been able to present chief developments in the science and practice of assessment and psychopathology. Scholarly manuscripts have also included important papers on intervention. All these studies have provided rich journal content and the editorial team for the journal is committed to improving manuscript quality through constructive feedback. In next few years, I would like to encourage authors to write articles that better inform ways to assess, understand, and treat psychopathology. New directions that may aid in this upcoming research adventure include addressing RDoC constructs, utilizing multi-time point investigations, utilizing physiological assessment, collaborating in worldwide contributions, and considering the economics of assessment and intervention. I am excited about the up-coming year of editing the journal and invite authors to take advantage of the range of opportunities for publication in this journal.
Subduction zone earthquake mechanisms and the H 2 O content of subducting lithosphere

Brittle fracture and frictional sliding are impossible below a few tens of km yet earthquakes occur in subducting lithosphere to -700 km. Experimental work shows that at high pressure a small amount of low-viscosity "fluid" must be generated to enable shear failure and comparison with the earthquake distribution in the upper 300 km of subducting slabs strongly indicates that the method of earthquake initiation is dehydration of hydrous phases. In contrast, the earthquake distribution below 400 km shows no correlation with potential H 2 O-liberating reactions; indeed assuming that hydrous phases are present predicts earthquakes in places where they are not observed. Thus, the earthquake distribution suggests that H 2 O-releasing reactions do not take place in the mantle transition zone. In addition, metastable olivine has now been detected by seismic means in 2 subduction zones. Such metastable olivine can explain the earthquake distribution and also is incompatible with the presence of H 2 O, even in very small amounts. I conclude that subduction zones are essentially dry below 400 km.
Simple Cyst of the Testis

AbstractWe report 5 cases of simple cyst of the testis, the largest series to date, and review the literature. Included are 2 autopsy cases, a case of a multilocular simple cyst and 1 case treated nonoperatively. Based on our experience, simple cyst of the testis should be suspected particularly in an enlarged but otherwise palpably normal testis. High resolution real-time scrotal sonography revealing an anechoic mass in the testis with well defined walls, and enhanced posterior through transmission and edge shadowing is diagnostic for a simple cyst. An asymptomatic simple cyst of the testis may be treated with observation alone. The symptomatic simple cyst should be treated ideally with local parenchyma-sparing excision.
Effect of Modifiable Risk Factors on Preterm Birth: A Population Based-Cohort.

Objectives The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prevalence, impact, and interaction of short interpregnancy interval (IPI), pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) category, and pregnancy weight gain (PWG) on the rate of preterm birth. Methods This is a population-based retrospective cohort study using vital statistics birth records from 2006 to 2011 in OH, US, analyzing singleton live births to multiparous mothers with recorded IPI (n = 393,441). Preterm birth rate at <37 weeks gestational age was compared between the referent pregnancy (defined as normal pre-pregnancy maternal BMI, IPI of 12–24 months, and Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommended PWG) and those with short or long IPI, abnormal BMI (underweight, overweight, and obese), and high or low PWG (under or exceeding IOM recommendations). Results Only 6 % of the women in this study had a referent pregnancy, with a preterm birth rate of 7.6 % for this group. Short IPIs of <6 and 6–12 months were associated with increased rates of preterm birth rate to 12.9 and 10.4 %, respectively. Low PWG compared to IOM recommendations for pre-pregnancy BMI class was also associated with increased preterm birth rate of 13.2 % for all BMI classes combined. However, the highest rate of preterm birth of 25.2 % occurred in underweight women with short IPI and inadequate weight gain with adjOR 3.44 (95 % CI 2.80, 4.23). The fraction of preterm births observed in this cohort that can be attributed to short IPIs is 5.9 %, long IPIs is 8.3 %, inadequate PWG is 7.5 %, and low pre-pregnancy BMI is 2.2 %. Conclusions Our analysis indicates that a significant proportion of preterm births in Ohio are associated with potentially modifiable risk factors. These data suggest public health initiatives focused on preterm birth prevention could include counseling and interventions to optimize preconception health and prenatal nutrition.
Digits and fin rays share common developmental histories

Understanding the evolutionary transformation of fish fins into tetrapod limbs is a fundamental problem in biology. The search for antecedents of tetrapod digits in fish has remained controversial because the distal skeletons of limbs and fins differ structurally, developmentally, and histologically. Moreover, comparisons of fins with limbs have been limited by a relative paucity of data on the cellular and molecular processes underlying the development of the fin skeleton. Here, we provide a functional analysis, using CRISPR/Cas9 and fate mapping, of 5' hox genes and enhancers in zebrafish that are indispensable for the development of the wrists and digits of tetrapods. We show that cells marked by the activity of an autopodial hoxa13 enhancer exclusively form elements of the fin fold, including the osteoblasts of the dermal rays. In hox13 knockout fish, we find that a marked reduction and loss of fin rays is associated with an increased number of endochondral distal radials. These discoveries reveal a cellular and genetic connection between the fin rays of fish and the digits of tetrapods and suggest that digits originated via the transition of distal cellular fates.
ISQUA16-2073IMPLEMENTING EXTERNAL ELECTRONIC MEDICATION RECORDS TO PROMOTE EFFECTIVE HOSPITAL MEDICATION RECONCILIATION

Lack of accurate information among health professionals and patients about pre-admission medications can lead physicians inadvertently adding or duplicating medications, resulting in unintended harms and costs. PharmaCloud is an electronic based system, consisted of prescription claims covered by the universal National Health Insurance program for all insured in Taiwan. This study is to report the process and outcome related to the implementation of national electronic medication records (EMR) in a medical center aims to support effective medication reconciliations. A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary medical center in Taiwan, using quantitative and …
Thermal-aware 3D design for side-channel information leakage

Side-channel attacks are important security challenges as they reveal sensitive information about on-chip activities. Among such attacks, the thermal side-channel has been shown to disclose the activities of key functional blocks and even encryption keys. This paper proposes a novel approach to proactively conceal critical activities in the functional layers while minimizing the power dissipation by (i) leveraging inherent characteristics of 3D integration to protect from side-channel attacks and (ii) dynamically generating custom activity patterns to match the activity to be concealed in the functional layers. Experimental analysis shows that 3D technology combined with the proposed run-time algorithm effectively reduces the Side-channel Vulnerability Factor (SVF) below 0.05 and the Spatial Thermal Side-channel Factor (STSF) below 0.59.
Thin Slices of Online Profile Attributes

People form consistent impressions of others given surprisingly little information. With the advent of social networks, impressions now may form online rather than in a face-to-face context. This research explores aspects of online impression formation and discusses the crucial role of user profiles in this process. By examining users' decisions in an experimentally controlled social network, we show that users need only a thin slice of profile information in order to form impressions of others online. Additionally, specific profile attributes are evaluated for their perceived utility (how much do users choose to view these attributes), predictiveness (how well they serve as a proxy for a full profile), and diagnosticity (their ability to help users choose between online profiles). Findings provide design suggestions for better profile displays when space is restricted.
Human frontal lobes and AI planning systems an interdisciplinary view of integrated planning and reaction

This paper presents an AI model of integrated planning and reaction based on neuropsychological theories of similar human behavior. The model forges a link between frontal lobe models and AI planning systems that can improve our understanding of situated planning through a combined perspective. This paper first sets the frontal lobes in context, and then summarizes the frontal lobe theories upon which the model is based. Those theories are then synthesized into a single computational model for an artificial frontal lobe, and the components are discussed from both neuropsychological and AI perspectives. The paper concludes with a discussion of evaluation issues.
A meta-analysis on the correlation between admission hyperglycemia and myocardial infarct size on CMRI.

Abstract Aims The aim was to compare the size of the myocardial infarct detected on cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) between patients with and without admission hyperglycemia after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods Studies were identified by searching on MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL databases. A systematic review was conducted by two independent reviewers. Microvascular obstruction (MVO) and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) were pooled from available studies to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD) in post-MI infarct size between patients with and without hyperglycemia at admission. Results The systematic review yielded 5 studies with MCR data for patients with and without admission hyperglycemia. The total number of patients included in this study was 911. A statistically significant difference was detected in MVO between patients with and without admission hyperglycemia (SMD = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.11, 1.47, P Conclusion The main finding of our analyses is that the size of myocardial infarct detected on CMR is positively correlated to admission hyperglycemia in patients with AMI. The clinical importance of this study lies in the accurate assessment of prognostic value of admission glucose, which would help clinicians in risk stratification and treatment decision-making.