cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Use of the Beck Depression Inventory in clinical practice.

A review of recent survey data indicates that the Beck Depression Inventory ranks among the most frequent tests used by practicing clinicians. This finding is impressive in that this inventory is not a ‘broad-band’ measure of psychopathology.
Shape and orientation of supported Pt particles

Abstract Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is used to show that 20–200 A diameter Pt particles on SiO 2 and γ -Al 2 O 3 form predominantly (100) crystal planes with either the (100) plane or the (110) plane in contact with the support if particles are grown in pure H 2 . Edge and corner radii are less than 10 A under these conditions, and particles as small as 20 A diameter have cubic shapes. Heating cubic particles in air and in gases other than H 2 causes a transformation to spherical shapes above 500°C. Spherical particles can be transformed back to cubes by heating in H 2 . Rh particles form primarily hexagonal structures in either H 2 or N 2 . These results are discussed in terms of the anisotropy of surface and interfacial free energies and the anomalously low surface free energy of Pt(100).
The rapid and reversible association of phosphofructokinase with myocardial membranes during myocardial ischemia

Myocardial calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity is mediated by a 400 kDa catalytic complex comprised of a tetramer of phosphofructokinase (PFK) and a 40 kDa catalytic subunit [1,2]. During myocardial ischemia, calcium-independent PLA2 activity rapidly and reversibly translocates from the cytosol to a membrane-associated compartment where it has been implicated as a mediator of ischemic damage [3,4]. Herein we demonstrate that the majority of both PFK mass and activity is translocated from the cytosol to a membrane-associated compartment prior to the onset of irreversible myocytic injury and that translocated PFK is catalytically inactive while membrane-associated. Furthermore, reperfusion of ischemic myocardium, or treatment of membranes derived from ischemic myocardium with ATP results in the conversion of both PFK mass and activity from its membrane-associated state to a soluble, catalytically-competent form. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that the concomitant changes in glycolysis and phospholipid hydrolysis during early myocardial ischemia result, at least in part, from the translocation of a common regulatory polypeptide critical in both processes.
Some consequences of the closure of the momentum Bloch functions.

We present a proof of the closure property of the momentum Bloch functions directly from the Schr\"odinger equation. We derive from this property several new relations involving the crystal potential, energy-band values at a fixed point in the first Brillouin zone, and the momentum matrix elements. These relations determine the crystal potential from the energy-band values and the Bloch functions at k=0, and permit application of the k\ensuremath{\cdot}p method to the momentum Bloch functions.
Prevention of skin fistulas of odontogenic origin.

Surgical treatment and adequate drainage of fistulas ensure immediate relief and prevent scar formation or dimpling. Facial fistulas are often misdiagnosed. When they are recognized, immediate surgical intervention is advised to relieve inflammation. This procedure allows quick healing. Use of a nonabsorbent drain ensures an adequate outlet for purulent material to prevent undesirable scar formation.
Analysis of stress and deformation states in wedge indented face-centered cubic single crystals

Abstract Deformation behavior of face-centered cubic (fcc) single crystals including copper and aluminum under wedge indentation along [0 0 1] direction was studied. The load–displacement relation shows elastic–plastic responses of the single crystals associated with the indentation processes. Lattice rotation measurement using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique was performed in the region ahead of the indenter tip called indenter penetration zone (IPZ). The experimental results reveal the features of severe plastic deformation, subgrain formation, and recrystallization in the IPZ. The stress state was derived and yield surfaces were obtained using the generalized von Mises criterion for anisotropic plasticity. In the area away from the IPZ in the single crystals, slip bands were examined and crystal lattice rotation maps were used to show the deformation states.
A68: a major subunit of paired helical filaments and derivatized forms of normal Tau

Putative Alzheimer disease (AD)-specific proteins (A68) were purified to homogeneity and shown to be major subunits of one form of paired helical filaments (PHFs). The amino acid sequence and immunological data indicate that the backbone of A68 is indistinguishable from that of the protein tau (tau), but A68 could be distinguished from normal human tau by the degree to which A68 was phosphorylated and by the specific residues in A68 that served as phosphate acceptors. The larger apparent relative molecular mass (Mr) of A68, compared to normal human tau, was attributed to abnormal phosphorylation of A68 because enzymatic dephosphorylation of A68 reduced its Mr to close to that of normal tau. Moreover, the LysSerProVal motif in normal human tau appeared to be an abnormal phosphorylation site in A68 because the Ser in this motif was a phosphate acceptor site in A68, but not in normal human tau. Thus, the major subunits of a class of PHFs are A68 proteins and the excessive or inappropriate phosphorylation of normal tau may change its apparent Mr, thus transforming tau into A68.
Distribution of hydrate on Europa: Further evidence for sulfuric acid hydrate

Abstract Sulfuric acid hydrate has been proposed as an important species on Europa's surface, the acid being produced by radiolysis of surficial sulfur compounds. We investigated the spectral properties of disordered and crystalline forms of sulfuric acid and suggest that the hydration properties of Europa's hypothesized sulfuric acid lie between two end members: liquid sulfuric acid and its higher crystalline hydrates. The spectra of these end members are similar except for spectral shifts at the band edges. We measured the optical constants of sulfuric acid octahydrate and used these with simple radiative transfer calculations to fit Europa spectra obtained by Galileo's Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS). The global distribution of the hydrate that we associate here with hydrated sulfuric acid shows a strong trailing-side enhancement with a maximum fractional hydrate abundance of 90% by volume, corresponding to a sulfur atom to water molecule ratio of 10%. The hydrate concentration spatially correlates with the ultraviolet and visible absorption of the surface and with the sulfur dioxide concentration. The asymmetric global distribution is consistent with Iogenic plasma ion implantation as the source of the sulfur, possibly modified by electron irradiation and sputtering effects. The variegated distribution also correlates with geologic forms. A high spatial resolution image shows resolved lineae with less hydrate appearing within the lineae than in nearby crustal material. The low concentration of hydrated material in these lineae argues against their conveying sulfurous material to the surface from the putative ocean.
Heat-induced inhibition of superoxide dismutase and accumulation of reactive oxygen species leads to HT-22 neuronal cell death

Abstract Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is major cytosolic antioxidant enzyme responsible for dismutation of superoxide anion ( O 2 − ). Alterations in SOD expression and activity are associated with various neurological disorders. In the present study, we utilized neuronal HT-22 cells to investigate heat-stressed induced cytotoxicity. Heat stress at 43 °C for 30 min caused a decrease in SOD-1 mRNA levels, cytoplasmic SOD protein and enzyme activity and a corresponding decline in cell number during a 48 h recovery at 37°C. During the recovery phase, there was an increase in reactive oxygen species generation and an increase in NADPH oxidase activity with a corresponding increase in DNA fragmentation and release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria. The increase in ROS accumulation and cell death was abolished by pretreatment with the SOD mimetics EUK-134 and Mn(III)TBAP and the NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin. These data suggest that hyperthermia increases ROS generation by increasing NADPH activity and decreasing SOD activity leading to cytotoxicity in HT-22 cells.
A all-in-one distriution automation system

The access of distribution generation(DG) presented new challenges to the operation and protection of power system with the development of the smart power distribution network. The Wiring structure changes from a single power supply into a double-Power or more power. As a result,it brings impact to distributed protection. The result shows the size of DG affects protection and makes it lose selectivity probably, DG upstream protection makes it amplify protection range, DG downstream protection makes it reduce protection range. In response to the problem, this paper proposes a new scheme, which is based on the centralized processing module on the distributed protection. Firstly, a smart unit is installed in the switch, which is only responsible for monitoring and control, merging unit and smart terminal unit function, and then sample information and DI information are sent to the distribution automation system through the fiber-optic communications. And then the automation system complete protection monitoring and control functions. Through utilizing the site-wide information collected on the distribution network to achieve network-wide protection, monitoring and control functions, it improves the reliability of the distributed protection operation. Compared with the conventional system, this scheme has more flexibility and more reliability on the coordination and the whole property. It is closer to the develop direction Of the distributed networks. easier to transform into the intelligent distributed networks.
Heterogeneous catalysis at line defects I. Active sites in periodic adlayers

Junctions of domain boundaries, in adsorbed layers that are otherwise periodic, are correlated with enhanced activity in heterogeneous catalysis. Such defects do not require a faulted adsorbent surface. The following linear structures can act as chains of active sites: the edges of adsorbate patches on incompletely covered adsorbent; junctions of out-of-step or rotated domains of similar structure; phase boundaries; steps; the intersections of inclined facets. The occurrence of these domain boundaries depends considerably on the symmetry and structure of both adlayer and adsorbent.
On Interactability of Spatial Relationships in Content-Based Image Database Systems

An image stored in image database systems is assumed to be associated with some content-based meta-data about that image, that is, information about objects in the image and absolute/relative spatial relationships among them. An image query for such an image database system can generally be handled in two ways: exact picture matching and approximate picture matching. In this paper we show the intractability of matching of spatial relationships between a query image and an image stored in the database. In particular, our results suggest that one would not expect to have polynomial-time algorithms for finding the exact picture-matching and computing the maximal similarity between a query picture and a database picture, unless P = NP.
What's a New Public Broadcaster To Do?: The Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission's Programs in Transnational Context, 1932–1936

Canada was the first country challenged by the massive inflow of American popular culture. The Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission (CRBC), Canada's first national public broadcaster, was created to provide an alternative to U.S. network and Canadian commercial radio. After analyzing the CRBC's programs, this article concludes that even the public network imitated or incorporated much American programming, but recontextualized it to Canadian locations, both real and imaginative, and supplemented it with more nationally oriented serious and symbolic content as well. The case study fits within the framework of the international literature emphasizing the hybridity and resiliency of national cultural identities.
“There the kid was, stranded in a car”: Reading the Fictions of Children as if They Mattered

AbstractThere the kid was stranded in a car with a dead guy on the driver’s seat… . first he went backward then he went forward and there was blood all over the windshield… .These lines were written by “Brendan,” a student in the author’s fourth grade writing workshop. “Bloody content” poses difficulties for teachers. Recurrent images of violence and abandonment cause concern: Is the child himself a witness to violence, or subject to it? Has the child experienced abandonment or neglect firsthand? While such concerns are sometimes warranted, they represent an essentially autobiographical reading of children’s writings. I argue this is often not the most pedagogically appropriate response. I propose a mode of reading that takes the child’s writing seriously as fiction: as imaginative, thoughtful meditations on some aspect of the public world. Drawing on my own teaching experience and on theoretical perspectives provided by literature, literary and “writing process” theory, and work of progressive educators ...
Social distance and the dying

To determine the relative degree of avoidance elicited by the dying, a sample of 203 college students were requested to respond to a social distance scale evaluating 14 ethnic and nonethnic groups. Male subjects indicated basically less avoidance than female subjects, and ethnic groups (e.g. Negro, Mexican-American) were less avoided than the nonethnic groups (e.g. drug addict, dying person, alcoholic). A brief discussion of the problems of mental health workers in their own dealings with the dying is presented.
Use of laser flash photolysis time-resolved spectrophotometry to investigate interprotein and intraprotein electron transfer mechanisms

A description is given of the methodology developed in our laboratory for the application of laser flash photolysis to the elucidation of the kinetics and mechanism of electron transfer processes which occur intermolecularly between two protein molecules within a collisional complex, or intramolecularly between two redox centers within a single multisubunit or multidomain protein. This involves the use of flavin analogs, excited to their lowest triplet state by a laser flash, to initiate electron transfer, either by oxidation of a sacrificial donor followed by redox protein reduction via the flavin semiquinone, or by direct oxidation of a reduced redox protein by the flavin triplet. Time-resolved spectrophotometry is used to follow the course of the sequence of electron transfer events initiated by the laser flash. The application of this methodology to the following systems is described: cytochrome c/cytochrome c peroxidase; ferredoxin/ferredoxin NADP+ reductase; cytochrome c/plastocyanin; flavocytochrome b2; and sulfite oxidase.
Short-term distribution kinetics of intratracheally administered exogenous lung surfactant.

ABSTRACT: The short-term distribution kinetics of exogenous surfactant distribution after intratracheai instillation was investigated in surfactant-deficient neonatal piglets during assisted conventional mechanical ventilation and by high-frequency jet ventilation using exogenous calf lung surfactant extract (CLSE) labeled with 99mTc. Surfactant deficiency was induced by repeated bronchoalveolar lavage in piglets (1.2 ± 0.4 kg, 1.4 ± 0.7 d of age), and the short-term distribution kinetics of instilled, labeled CLSE were followed by gamma radioscintigraphy. Animals ventilated by either conventional mechanical ventilation or high-frequency jet ventilation showed similar improvement in arterial/alveolar oxygen ratios after surfactant replacement therapy (0.47 ± 0.03 prelavage, 0.09 ± 0.01 postlav-age, 036 ± 0.06 postsurfactant). This correlated directly with dynamic radioscintigraphic results showing that instilled CLSE began to distribute to the lungs within 5 s, and was present in substantial amounts in standardized symmetrical rang fields (central, right, and left; upper and lower) within 20 s of trachea! instillation. Subsequent measurements over 30 roin showed continued presence of radiolabeled CLSE in all five areas of the lung, with no significant difference between conventional mechanical ventilation and high-frequency jet ventilation animals. Static (5-min) analyses at the end of this period showed that surfactant had distributed relatively symmetrically with 30% of the CLSE located in central regions, 40% in the upper lobes, and 30% in the lower lobes. In contrast, piglets receiving 99mTc in saline showed nonuniform distribution with multiple filing defects noted throughout the lungs. The rapid kinetics and ventilation independence of CLSE distribution suggest that surfactant spreading phenomena after tracheal instillation may facihiate the delivery of exogenous surfactant into aerated lungs in therapeutic applications.
The Kurumi (Japan) Meteorite

MR. YASUAKE IBA, a well-known Japanese amateur astronomer, wrote to the Harvard Observatory on October 7, 1934, that he had examined a meteoritic stone which fell near Kobe, Japan, on May 27, 1930. No reference to this fall appeared in two recent bibliographies of meteorites1 ; and for the completeness of the records it appears advisable to make known the information supplied by Mr. Iba.
The Contingent and Hedonic Valuation Methods: Techniques for Valuing a Community's Resources

A common task facing many community development practitioners is to develop, assess, and/or evaluate alternative development plans and strategies dealing with communitylevel natural resources and other public goods. Often this requires that economic values be placed on such goods so that they may be efficiently and equitably utilized. In this paper, two economic techniques used for such resource valuations–the contingent and hedonic valuation methods–are presented in a relatively nontechnical manner. This includes an abbreviated history of both techniques, an overview of their respective methodologies, and the review of several actual contingent and hedonic valuation applications to various types of community-based natural resources.
Closing the gap: medialization of fascia with laparoscopic incisional hernia repair

Laparoscopic incisional hernioplasty (LIH) bridges the fascial gap between the rectus muscles with a posteriorly placed mesh, and is a low recurrence alternative to other reconstructions. It is unclear if this repair optimizes the function of the abdominal wall. We hypothesize that significant medialization of the fascial edges occurs in patients who undergo LIH. Two hundred fifty-eight patients underwent LIH by a single surgeon between 2004 and 2012. 44 of these had pre- and postoperative CT scans that illustrated the gap between the rectus muscles. All 44 patients underwent LIH with polyester composite mesh, with suture and tack fixation. The distance between the fascial edges on the pre- and postoperative CT scans was compared. Percent medialization was calculated for each defect. Average fascial separation reduction was 0.8 cm (6.56–5.76 cm, 12.2 % medialization, p < 0.0001). 36 of 44 patients demonstrated a reduction in hernia defect width (81.8 %): these defects reduced 1.09 cm (6.47–5.38 cm, 16.9 % medialization, p < 0.0001). In defects wider than 5 cm, the width reduced by 0.94 cm (8.48–7.54 cm, n = 26, 10.6 % medialization, p = 0.004). The use of meshes ≥500 cm2 reduced the defect by 0.95 cm (8.42–7.47 cm, 11.23 % medialization, n = 22, p = 0.005). Significant medialization of the rectus muscles is evident in most patients undergoing LIH. Although the rectus muscles are not ideally approximated, this may help improve the function of the anterior abdominal wall. Further technical refinements and material improvements may improve the reconstructive results of the LIH.
On multivariate variable-kernel density estimates for time series

Let X1 be a strictly stationary multiple time series with values in Rd and with a common density f. Let X1,.,.,Xn, be n consecutive observations of X1. Let k = kn, be a sequence of positive integers, and let Hni be the distance from Xi to its kth nearest neighbour among Xj, ji. The multivariate variable-kernel estimate fn, of f is defined by where K is a given density. The complete convergence of fn, to f on compact sets is established for time series satisfying a dependence condition (referred to as the strong mixing condition in the locally transitive sense) weaker than the strong mixing condition. Appropriate choices of k are explicitly given. The results apply to autoregressive processes and bilinear time-series models. Soit {X1} une serie chronologique multiple stationnaire prenant ses valeurs dans Rd et denotons par f la densite commune des variables. Soient X1,.,.,Xn, n observations consecutives de X1. Soient k = kn, une suite d'entiers positifs et Hni la distance entre Xi et son kieme voisin le plus proche parmi les Xj, j i. L'estimateur multivarie de type noyau de f est defini par ou K est une densite donnee. Dans le cas de series chronologiques satisfaisant une certaine condition de dependance, on etablit la convergence complete de fn, vers f sur des ensembles compacts. Cette condition de dependance, dite de “melange fort dans le sens localement transitif”, est plus faible que la condition de melange fort. Des choix appropries de k sont donnes. Les resultats obtenus s'appliquent aux processus autoregressifs et aux modeles bilineaires de series chronologiques.
Water percolation in the oceanic crust

There is growing evidence that water percolates throughout the crust at an oceanic spreading center. Perhaps it is time to think about how to use the deep ocean floor drill holes planned by the International Program for Ocean Drilling to test this hypothesis. Interpretations of heat flow data and of the surface sediment composition near mid-ocean ridge crests are beginning to suggest that water percolates to substantial depths in the fresh oceanic crust. The heavy metal content of the uppermost sediment increases as the ridge crest is approached and peaks spectacularly if it is expressed as a ratio to alumina concentration [Piper, 1973]. The purpose of using alumina as the inorganic invariant is to remove the effect of dilution by biogenic carbonate and silica, for this introduces a large scatter into the absolute concentrations of inorganically deposited material.
Development of a second monoclonal immunoglobulin G in a patient with late manifestation of myeloma.

In 1961 routine serum protein electrophoresis revealed the presence of monoclonal IgG in a patient who presented no clinical symptoms of myeloma. The paraprotein was of type G4/K. For five more years the patient remained in excellent general condition, and there was no change in the serum protein findings. In 1966 the occurrence of a second monoclonal γ-globulin band was noticed in serum protein electrophoresis and the coexistence of two IgG paraproteins of types G4/K and G1/L was established. The serum titer for Gm(1) was 1: 8 192 as compared to a titer of 1: 64 in 1961. Titers for Gm(3) and Gm(5) had remained normal or low. In 1967 there was rapid development of polysymptomatic-myeloma. Serum levels of myeloma protein increase. continuously and, in late 1969, the patient's serum was found to contain 6 400 mg% of none but G1/L type monoclonal IgG. There was no more evidence of G4/K paraprotein. The undiluted serum was negative for Gm(3) and Gm(5), but the Gm(1) titer had risen to 1: 32 768. At that time the patient's clinical condition had become critical. She suffered from multiple pathological fractures, developed anemia and antibody deficiency syndrome, and expired in spring 1970. After a 5-year asymptomatic history of “benign” G4/K type paraproteinemia the occurrence of clinical myeloma together with a shift to G1/L type paraproteinemia is postulated to be a second disease due to proliferation of a second “malignant” plasma cell clone.
Rhetorical criticism: Forensic communication in the written mode

This essay presents a sequential model for teaching rhetorical criticism as written argument. Two arguments are presented: that learning to write argumentative prose ought to be a central concern of undergraduate courses in rhetorical criticism and that a sequential approach is well suited for the realization of that goal.
Measurement of lactate accumulation by in vivo proton NMR spectroscopy during global cerebral ischemia in rats.

In vivo1H NMR spectral editing techniques were used to monitor cerebral lactate production during remotely controlled temporary forebrain ischemia in rats. The lactate/N-acetylaspartate (NAA) ratio correlated with survival after ischemia and subsequent reperfusion. The lactate/NAA ratio that predicted death after ischemia in rats was estimated to be approximately 1.3. © 1987 Academic Press, Inc.
Ag-Pt alloy nanoparticles with the compositions in the miscibility gap

Abstract Silver platinum binary alloys with compositions between about Ag 2 Pt 98 and Ag 95 Pt 5 at
Development and Application of Image Analysis to Quantify Calcium Lactate Crystals on the Surface of Smoked Cheddar Cheese

Calcium lactate crystals that form white specks or haze on the surface of cheese constitute a significant quality problem for producers of Cheddar cheese. Subjective methods to evaluate crystal coverage of cheese surfaces have been reported previously, but objective methods are currently lacking. The objectives of this work were to develop and evaluate an objective method to measure the area occupied by calcium lactate crystals on surfaces of naturally smoked Cheddar cheese samples using digital photography and image analysis. Coefficients of variation ranged from 1.29 to 4.68% for 5 replicate analyses of 3 different cheese surfaces that ranged from approximately 2 to 49% of total surface area occupied by crystals. Thus, results showed a high degree of repeatability for the 3 cheese surfaces, which ranged from very slight and geometrically simple to very heavy and geometrically complex crystal coverage. The method underestimated total area occupied by crystals on the 3 surfaces by 0.24 to 4.83% unless the fainter crystal regions that went undetected during initial thresholding were manually segmented and quantified. The wet weight of crystal substance collected per unit of surface area from 20 different cheese samples increased exponentially as the percentage of total surface area occupied by crystals increased. These data were consistent with subjective observations that crystal regions appeared to grow vertically as well as horizontally as they expanded to occupy greater surface area. Image analysis was well suited for evaluating changes in crystal coverage during cheese aging because measurements were made nondestructively and with minimal disruption to the cheese. The area occupied by crystals on 6 different surfaces from 3 different cheese samples increased linearly (R2 = 0.94 to 0.99) during storage at 4 degrees C for up to 33 wk. However, the rates of increase differed significantly among the 3 cheese samples. Image analysis may serve as a useful tool to quantitatively evaluate the effects of factors such as cheese composition, packaging conditions and storage temperature on rate of crystal growth and time of crystal appearance during storage.
Effects of a new cardiotonic agent, MDL-17,043, on myocardial contractility and left ventricular performance in congestive heart failure

Abstract MDL-17,043, a newly synthesized imidazole derivative, has been shown to manifest both inotropic and peripheral vasodilating properties in experimental animals and to be effective when administered orally. Although MDL-17,043 has been demonstrated to inhibit cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) phosphodiesterase activity in vitro, whether its inotropic activity derives from increased myocellular levels of cyclic AMP is not yet known. After intravenous administration of MDL-17,043 to seven patients with severe congestive heart failure (CHF) at the time of cardiac catheterization, the rate of left ventricular (LV) pressure rise increased almost immediately from a control of 878 ± 161 to a peak of 1010 ± 217 mm Hg/sec ( p p 2 at peak effect ( p p
Beating the weekend trend: increased mortality in older adult traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients admitted on weekends.

Background Weekend admission is associated with mortality in cardiovascular emergencies and stroke but the effect of weekend admission for trauma is not well defined. We sought to determine whether differences in mortality outcomes existed for older adults with substantial head trauma admitted on a weekday versus over the weekend. Methods Data from the 2006, 2007, and 2008 Nationwide Inpatient Sample were combined and head trauma admissions were isolated. Abbreviated injury scale (AIS) scores were calculated using ICDMAP-90 Software. Individuals aged 65 to 89 y with head AIS equal to 3 or 4 and no other region score <3 were included. Individual Charlson comorbidity scores were calculated and individuals with missing mortality, sex, or insurance data were excluded. Wilcoxon rank sum and Student t-tests compared demographics, length of stay, and total charges for weekday versus weekend admissions. The χ2 tests compared sex and head injury severity. Logistic regression modeled mortality adjusting for age, sex, injury severity, comorbidity, and insurance status. Results Of the 38,675 patients meeting criteria, 9937 (25.6%) were admitted on weekends. Mean age was similar (78.4 versus 78.4, P = 0.796) but more weekend admissions were female (51.6% versus 50.2%, P = 0.022). Weekend patients demonstrated slightly lower comorbidity (mean Charlson = 1.07 versus 1.14, P < 0.001) and head injury severity (58.3% versus 60.8% AIS = 4, P < 0.001). Median weekend length of stay was shorter (4 versus 5 d, P < 0.001). Weekend and weekday median total charges did not differ ($27,128 versus $27,703, respectively, P = 0.667). Proportional mortality was higher among weekend patients (9.3% versus 8.4%, P = 0.008). After adjustment, weekend patients demonstrated 14% increased odds of mortality (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.05–1.23). Conclusion Older adults with substantial head trauma admitted on weekends are less severely injured, carry less comorbidity, and generate similar total charges compared with those admitted on weekdays. However, after accounting for known risk confounders, weekend patients demonstrated 14% greater odds of mortality. Mechanisms behind this disparity must be determined and eliminated.
Eruptive activity at Mount St Helens, Washington, USA, 1984 1988: a gas geochemistry perspective

The results from two different types of gas measurement, telemetered in situ monitoring of reducing gases on the dome and airborne measurements of sulfur dioxide emission rates in the plume by correlation spectrometry, suggest that the combination of these two methods is particularly effective in detecting periods of enhanced degassing that intermittently punctuate the normal background leakage of gaseous effluent from Mount St Helens to the atmosphere. Gas events were recorded before lava extrusion for each of the four dome-building episodes at Mount St Helens since mid-1984. For two of the episodes, precursory reducing gas peaks were detected, whereas during three of the episodes, COSPEC measurements recorded precursory degassing of sulfur dioxide. During one episode (October 1986), both reducing gas monitoring and SO2 emission rate measurements simultaneously detected a large gas release several hours before lava extrusion. Had both types of gas measurements been operational during each of the dome-building episodes, it is thought that both would have recorded precursory signals for all four episodes. Evidence from the data presented herein suggests that increased degassing at Mount St Helens becomes detectable when fresh upward-moving magma is between 2 km and a few hundred meters below the base of the dome and between about 60 and 12 hours before the surface extrusion of lava.
Influence of coronary bypass surgery on subsequent outcome of patients resuscitated from out of hospital cardiac arrest.

Abstract The effect of coronary bypass surgery on recurrent cardiac arrest was estimated in 265 patients resuscitated from out of hospital cardiac arrest between 1970 and 1988. From this cohort, 85 patients (32%) underwent coronary bypass surgery after recovery from cardiac arrest and 180 patients (68%) were treated medically. A multivariate Cox analysis was used to estimate the effect of coronary bypass surgery on subsequent survival after adjusting for effects of age, prior cardiac history, ejection fraction, year of the event, history of angina, antiarrhythmic drug use and whether the arrest was related to acute myocardial infarction. The use of coronary bypass surgery had a significant effect in reducing the incidence of subsequent cardiac arrest daring follow-up study (risk ratio [RR] 0.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.24 to 0.97, p
Early systolic notch in the apexcardiogram in mitral stenosis

Abstract An early systolic notch on the upstroke of the apexcardiogram (ACG) has previously been reported to occur in mobile left atrial myxoma but has not been noted in valvular mitral stenosis. It has therefore been considered a useful diagnostic sign for myxoma. We report four patients with mitral valve stenosis who had an early systolic notch in the ACG. Myxoma was excluded by catheterization and/or surgery. We feel that the notch is not specific for myxoma and that its finding should be interpreted with caution.
Some extensions of image analysis

A general model for describing the interrelations of common scores is derived. Guttman's image analysis is a special case. In addition, a new factor model based upon estimation of the person product-moment matrix is described for the case in which the number of variables exceeds the number of persons.
Computational synthesis of any n-qubit pure or mixed state

Future quantum information processing devices will require the use of exotic quantum states, such as specially crafted entangled states, to achieve certain desired computations on demand.
Treatment of Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa

Research on the treatment of adolescents with anorexia nervosa is limited but shows that effective strategies employ a multidisciplinary team approach. Most patients receive medical attention when there is an acute medical or psychiatric emergency after losing a significant amount of weight and there is a need for nutritional and metabolic stabilization. Medical and nutritional stabilization are the first courses of treatment, followed by psychological stabilization. Initial treatment settings are dependent on the severity of symptoms and can range from inpatient to partial hospitalization or from day treatment to outpatient clinics. Physical activity and weight gain must be gradually accomplished. Effective treatment includes a variety of psychotherapeutic approaches (individuals and family therapy). Psychopharmacotherapy is generally unreliable in the treatment of anorexia nervosa and should be targeted to specific symptoms or complications. Prevention programs have been shown to have limited success.
Fundamental Magnetization Processes in Thin-Film Recording Media

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the magnetic hysteresis, reversal processes, and domain patterns in hard magnetic materials utilized as thin-film recording media. It also presents the results of numerical simulations that exhibit some of the complexities of the magnetic recording technology. In numerical simulations of magnetization patterns and reversal processes in hard as well as soft magnetic materials, the ability to model accurately has been limited by current computational power. The inherent difficulty inaccurate modeling of magnetic systems is the incorporation of the long-range magnetostatic fields. Any reasonable numerical spatial or temporal discretization requires significant computer storage and speed. The simulations exhibit a fascinating interplay between physics and complexity. For example, in a typical in-plane isotropic film, nucleation of magnetization reversal occurs by vortex formation. The expansion of reversed regions during hysteresis is achieved through vortex motion. The vortices are better defined if the magnetostatic interaction strength is large relative to the grain anisotropy; they are larger and more distantly separated if the intergranular exchange coupling is large. Strongly interacting assemblies of magnetic grains exhibit self-organized behavior.
Large Self-Assembled Peptide Fibers

Many systems, including peptide systems, have been identified that self-assemble into nanometer sized structures. However, continued self-assembly to the macroscopic scale has remained elusive even though nature routinely does it. Here, a unique hierarchical peptide self-assembly process is described from the nanometer to the micrometer scale.
Operations Management Opportunities in Technology Commercialization and Entrepreneurship

The field of Production and Operations Management (POM) is increasingly perceived as a rigorous but narrow field, antiquated and not very relevant to the current challenges and concerns of managers in job-creating growth companies vital to our economies. I argue that a narrower positioning of POM in the past is responsible for its perceived limited utility to growth firms and global economies. POM at its core is about “doing more with less,” which is very well aligned with the context and needs of resource-constrained entrepreneurial companies. My discussion is focused on how the research paradigm of POM is and can be relevant to meeting the emerging challenges of growth companies of tomorrow. Specifically, I examine how POM can help meet the needs of these organizations to become scalable and sustainable. The objective is to stimulate thought and discussion and encourage early-stage POM scholars to seriously consider the contexts of technology commercialization, entrepreneurship, and growth companies as avenues for future research.
Proposed traceable structural resolution protocols for 3D imaging systems

A protocol for determining structural resolution using a potentially-traceable reference material is proposed. Where possible, terminology was selected to conform to those published in ISO JCGM 200:2008 (VIM) and ASTM E 2544-08 documents. The concepts of resolvability and edge width are introduced to more completely describe the ability of an optical non-contact 3D imaging system to resolve small features. A distinction is made between 3D range cameras, that obtain spatial data from the total field of view at once, and 3D range scanners, that accumulate spatial data for the total field of view over time. The protocol is presented through the evaluation of a 3D laser line range scanner.
Backbone dynamics in dihydrofolate reductase complexes: role of loop flexibility in the catalytic mechanism.

To elucidate the influence of local motion of the polypeptide chain on the catalytic mechanism of an enzyme, we have measured 15N relaxation data for Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase in three different complexes, representing different stages in the catalytic cycle of the enzyme. NMR relaxation data were analyzed by the model-free approach, corrected for rotational anisotropy, to provide insights into the backbone dynamics. There are significant differences in the backbone dynamics in the different complexes. Complexes in which the cofactor binding site is occluded by the Met20 loop display large amplitude motions on the picosecond/nanosecond time scale for residues in the Met20 loop, the adjacent βF−βG loop and for residues 67−69 in the adenosine binding loop. Formation of the closed Met20 loop conformation in the ternary complex with folate and NADP+, results in attenuation of the motions in the Met20 loop and the βF−βG loop but leads to increased flexibility in the adenosine binding loop. New f...
Astronomical redshifts and the expansion of space

In homogeneous cosmological models the wavelength $\lambda$ of a photon exchanged between two fundamental observers changes in proportion to expansion of the space $D$ between them, so $\Delta\log(\lambda / D) = 0$. This is exactly the same as for a pair of observers receding from each other in flat space-time where the effect is purely kinematic. The interpretation of this has been the subject of considerable debate, and it has been suggested that all redshifts are a relative velocity effect, raising the question of whether the wavelength always stretches in proportion to the emitter-receiver separation. Here we show that, for low redshift at least, $\Delta\log(\lambda / D)$ vanishes for a photon exchanged between any two freely-falling observers in a spatially constant tidal field, because such a field stretches wavelengths and the space between the observers identically. But in general there is a non-kinematic, and essentially gravitational, component of the redshift that is given by a weighted average of the gradient of the tidal field along the photon path. While the redshift can always be formally expressed using the Doppler formula, in situations where the gravitational redshift dominates, the `relative velocity' is typically quite different from the rate of change of $D$ and it is misleading to think of the redshift as being a velocity or `kinematic' effect.
A Scheme for Overlaying Concurrent Testing of VLSI Circuits

This paper presents a test scheduling method, called overlaying concurrent testing, for built-in testing of VLSI circuits. The scheme is based on a resource-conflict analysis of of subcircuits and a scheduling algorithm. The algorithm fully exploits test parallelism by overlaying the test intervals of compatible subcircuits to test as many of them as possible concurrently. The technique is supported by a test hardware architecture whose design is well coordinated with the test scheduling leading to a considerable reduction of testing time, as demonstrated by simulation experiments.
The replicability of QTLs for murine alcohol preference drinking behavior across eight independent studies

On the basis of eight independent quantitative trait loci (QTL) studies of ethanol (alcohol) preference drinking in mice, a meta-analysis was carried out to examine the replicability of QTLs across studies and to enhance the power of QTL detection and parameter estimation. To avoid genetic heterogeneity, we analyzed only studies of mapping populations derived from the C57BL/6 (B6) and DBA/2 (D2) inbred progenitor strains. Because these studies were carried out in five different laboratories, there were substantial differences in testing procedure, data analysis, and especially in the choice of mapping population (BXD recombinant inbred strains, F2, backcross, selected lines, or congenic strains). Despite this, we found several QTLs that were sufficiently robust as to appear consistently across studies given the strengths and weaknesses of the mapping populations employed. These were on Chromosomes (Chrs) 2 (proximal to mid), 3 (mid to distal), 4 (distal), and 9 (proximal to mid). The P value for each of these QTLs, combined across all applicable studies, ranged from 10(-7) to 10(-15), with the additive effect of each QTL accounting for 3-5% of the trait variance extrapolated to an F2 population. Two other QTLs on Chrs 1 (distal) and 11 (mid) were less consistent, but still reached overall significance (P <.0001).
Continuous operation of membrane capacitive deionization cells assembled with dissimilar potential of zero charge electrode pairs

Abstract The performance of single stack membrane assisted capacitive deionization cells configured with pristine and nitric acid oxidized Zorflex (ZX) electrode pairs was evaluated. The potentials of zero charge for the pristine and oxidized electrodes were respectively −0.2 V and 0.2 V vs. SCE. Four cell combinations of the electrodes including a pristine anode-pristine cathode, oxidized anode-pristine cathode, pristine anode-oxidized cathode, and oxidized anode-oxidized cathode were investigated. When the PZC was located within the polarization window of the electrode, diminished performance was observed. The cells were operated at 1.2 V and based on potential distribution results, the effective working potentials were ∼0.9, 0.8, 1.2, and 1.1 V for the pristine anode-pristine cathode, oxidized anode-pristine cathode, pristine anode-oxidized cathode, and oxidized anode-oxidized cathode cells, respectively. The highest electrosorption capacity of 17 mg NaCl/g ZX was observed for the pristine anode-oxidized cathode cell, where both PZCs were outside of the polarization window.
Acoustical interaction of spherical and cylindrical bubbles on plane sheets and ribbons

Abstract Theory is developed to describe the acoustical interaction of a plane wave with a ribbon of material containing resonant scatterers. Infinitely wide, finite and very narrow ribbons are considered which contain free spherical bubbles, plant-tissue gas bodies (cylindrical bubbles) or bubbles trapped in pores. The interaction leads to a reduction of the pressure amplitude at the bubbles below that of the normally-incident plane wave, and this reduces the resulting pulsation amplitude of the bubbles, especially at resonance. The results are applicable to quantitative studies of physical, chemical and biological effects of ultrasound when stable cavitation is important.
Mutant BRAF Melanomas—Dependence and Resistance

RAF inhibitors have the unique property of transactivating RAS-dependent RAF dimers in most cells but inhibit RAF/MEK/ERK signaling in cells expressing mutant BRAF, in which RAS activity is too low to support this process. These drugs thus selectively inhibit ERK signaling in tumors with BRAF mutation. RAF inhibitors have remarkable clinical activity in melanomas with BRAFV600E mutations; however, resistance invariably develops. Three recent papers reveal that acquired resistance may be due to mechanisms that cause ERK signaling to become insensitive to RAF inhibitors, or that reduce the dependence of the tumor on ERK signaling through activation of other pathways.
Cost-effectiveness of a program to prevent depression relapse in primary care.

Objective. Evaluate the incremental cost-effectiveness of a depression relapse prevention program in primary careMaterials and Methods. Primary care patients initiating antidepressant treatment completed a standardized telephone assessment 6–8 weeks later. Those recovered from the current episode bu
Assessing the individual with asthma

Seven to 20 million Americans have asthma. Deaths related to asthma have increased 46% from 1980 to 1989. Individuals with asthma who are at risk for adverse outcomes are those who have low incomes and poor access to health care, have psychosocial problems, and do not understand or fail to follow treatment regimens. Additional risk factors include hospitalization within the past year, a previous near-fatal asthma attack, and a history of intubation for asthma. Assessment and appropriate treatment can prevent fatalities associated with asthma, especially in the home setting.
Growth, employment and income distribution in Egyptian agriculture, 1964-1979

Abstract This paper is a study of the aggregate behavior of crop production in Egypt. We find that the output growth rate declined in the 1970s but there were some signs of recovery towards the end of the decade. This trend cannot be explained by the observed-cyclical movements in profitability and in the real price of aggregate output. On the other hand, investment in infrastructure goes a long way towards explaining the trends both in aggregate output and in land profitability. Increased investment in agriculture infrastructure tends to raise the growth rate of the sector and, at the same time, to increase labor's share in production at the cost of property share. Our observations also suggest that the demand for agricultural labor is rather inelastic with respect to the wage rate. Therefore, using the agricultural sector as an absorbent of employment shocks in the rest of the economy may lead to significant variability in income distribution.