cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
New block-matching-based color interpolation algorithm

In an electronic color image capturing device using a single CCD or CMOS sensor, the color information is usually acquired into three sub-sampled color planes such as Red (R), Green (G) and Blue (B). Full resolution color is subsequently generated from this sub-sampled image using a suitable 'color interpolation' methodology. The color accuracy and appearance of the image is significantly affected by the color interpolation algorithm used to generate the full-resolution color image. In this paper, we present a new block matching based algorithm for color interpolation. The computational complexity of this algorithm is very low and hence suitable for real-time implementation in a portable image capture device e.g. a digital camera. The proposed algorithm produces the similar or better quality color images compared to most of the known color interpolation algorithms in the literature. We have presented results of comparison of the performance of the proposed algorithm with median interpolation and bilinear interpolation which are commonly used in practice.
Early prediction of outcome in advanced head-and-neck cancer based on tumor blood volume alterations during therapy: a prospective study.

Purpose To assess whether alterations in tumor blood volume (BV) and blood flow (BF) during the early course of chemo-radiotherapy (chemo-RT) for head-and-neck cancer (HNC) predict treatment outcome. Methods and Materials Fourteen patients receiving concomitant chemo-RT for nonresectable, locally advanced HNC underwent dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI scans before therapy and 2 weeks after initiation of chemo-RT. The BV and BF were quantified from DCE MRI. Preradiotherapy BV and BF, as well as their changes during RT, were evaluated separately in the primary gross tumor volume (GTV) and nodal GTV for association with outcomes. Results At a median follow-up of 10 months (range, 5–27 months), 9 patients had local–regional controlled disease. One patient had regional failure, 3 had local failures, and 1 had local–regional failure. Reduction in tumor volume after 2 weeks of chemo-RT did not predict for local control. In contrast, the BV in the primary GTV after 2 weeks of chemo-RT was increased significantly in the local control patients compared with the local failure patients ( p Conclusions Our data suggest that an increase in available primary tumor blood for oxygen extraction during the early course of RT is associated with local control, thus yielding a predictor with potential to modify treatment. These findings require validation in larger studies.
Development and operation of the loma linda university medical center proton facility

The Proton Treatment Center at Loma Linda University Medical Center, the world's first hospital-based proton facility, opened in 1990 after two decades of development. Its early years were marked by a deliberately cautious approach in clinical utilization of protons, with intent to establish hospital-based proton therapy on a scientific basis. The facility was designed to be upgradeable, and development since 1990 has proceeded in three distinct phases of upgrades, both in technology and clinical applications. Upgrades continue, all of them based on an underlying program of basic and clinical research; future new applications of proton radiation therapy are expected to follow.
How small can we go? Percutaneous nephrolithotomy using 6F nephroureteral catheter.

OBJECTIVES To retrospectively examine our percutaneous nephrolithotomy pathway to determine the efficacy of a 6F antegrade nephroureteral catheter (NUC). METHODS The records of 99 consecutive patients who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy from 1998 to 2000 were reviewed. All patients were admitted the day before percutaneous nephrolithotomy and underwent placement of a nephrostomy tube. The following day, after balloon dilation of the access tract and performance of the procedure through a 30F sheath, an internal-external 6F NUC was left in place. Nephrostograms were performed on postoperative day 1, and, if negative for extravasation or residual stones, the stent was removed. The postoperative parameters included the length of stay, intravenous narcotic use, complications, and time to removal of the indwelling stent. RESULTS The average procedure time was 103 minutes (range 30 to 300), with a mean stone size of 1.7 cm. The average length of stay was 2.5 days, with postoperative intravenous narcotic use lasting 1.7 days. Of the 99 NUCs placed, 82% were removed by postoperative day 2. Eleven patients had either renal (n = 8) or ureteral (n = 3) extravasation requiring prolonged stenting, and nine had residual stones requiring a second-look procedure. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that prolonged narcotic use, days with an indwelling stent, and longer procedure times correlated significantly with a longer length of stay (P <0.001). The proportion of minor and major complications was 18% and 5%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study have indicated that the 6F NUC minimizes postoperative intravenous narcotic use and expedites both recovery and discharge. Because it is the smallest nephroureteral catheter reported to date for this use, we recommend it be incorporated into prospective studies with validated pain questionnaires.
Catching Protein Structural Dynamics by Two-Dimensional Infrared Spectroscopy

Unveiling the principles of protein conformational changes is one of the most challenging research topics over the past few decades. Because proteins’ three-dimensional structures are highly flexible and sensitive to the environment, a wide range of motions with timescales from femtosecond to millisecond is responsible for the overall conformational changes. Characterizing functional states of proteins and determining transition rates between them is necessary to understand how the environment initiates protein conformational changes.
Marked interatrial and atrioventricular conduction delay with enhanced atrial-based managed ventricular pacing: electrocardiogram-echocardiogram Doppler correlation.

Enhanced AAIR↔DDDR pacing (atrial-based Managed Ventricular Pacing [MVP]) is a novel pacing mode that facilitates intrinsic conduction whenever possible to mitigate the deleterious effects of prolonged duration right ventricular (RV) electric stimulation on left ventricular contractility. The following case illustrates uncommon ECG and hemodynamic consequences of this algorithm in a patient with marked atrioventricular (AV) conduction delay. A 58-year-old man with a history of acute myeloid leukemia, subsequent bone marrow transplantation, nonablated paroxysmal atrial flutter, and tachy-brady syndrome underwent implantation of a Medtronic Adapta ADDR01 permanent dual-chamber pacemaker (Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, Minn.) for symptomatic junctional bradycardia with leads positioned in the right atrial (RA) appendage and RV apex. After implantation, flecainide 100 mg twice daily was added to extended-release diltiazem 240 mg daily with a resultant absence of arrhythmia on serial pacemaker telemetry interrogations. His pacemaker was programmed with enhanced …
Current Practices of Triple-H Prophylaxis and Therapy in Patients with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Medical management of cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) includes hypertensive, hypervolemic, and hemodilution (“triple-H”) therapy. However, there is little information regarding the indications and guidance used to initiate and adjust triple-H therapy. A 43-item questionnaire was e-mailed to 375 members of the Neurocritical Care Society. Questions were designed to investigate the diagnostic approach to cerebral vasospasm and prophylactic and therapeutic administration of triple-H therapy. Completed surveys were received from 167 respondents (45% response proportion). Eighty-six percent of respondents worked in hospitals with neurointensive care units (NICUs). SAH patients in hospitals with a NICU had longer ICU stay (P = 0.037) and had indwelling central venous catheters for longer (P < 0.01). Centers without dedicated NICUs were more likely to induce prophylactic hypervolemia (P < 0.01). Twenty seven percent of respondents (n = 45) reported using prophylactic hypervolemia in patients with SAH, while 100% reported inducing hypervolemia for severe or symptomatic vasospasm. Twelve percent (n = 20) of respondents reported inducing prophylactic hypertension, while all reported inducing hypertension with severe or symptomatic vasospasm. Half of respondents relied on the mean arterial pressure and half on systolic blood pressure as the clinical parameter for blood pressure titration. The most widely used agents to induce hypertension were phenylephrine (48%) and norepinephrine (39%). There was little variation in the use of hemodilution therapy comparing patients with or without evidence of vasospasm. There are substantial differences in the administration of prophylactic triple-H, but there was high agreement on indication for therapeutic use. There was wide variability in the extent of ICU monitoring, diagnostic approach, physiologic parameters and values used as target of therapy. NICU availability was associated with more intensive monitoring. Lack of evidence and guidelines for triple-H therapy might largely explain these findings.
Correlating Degradation Models and Image Quality Metrics

OCR often performs poorly on degraded documents. One approach to improving performance is to determine a good filter to improve the appearance of the document image before sending it to the OCR engine. Quality metrics have been measured in document images to determine what type of filtering would most likely improve the OCR response for that document image. In this paper those same quality metrics are measured for several word images degraded by known parameters in a document degradation model. The correlation between the degradation model parameters and the quality metrics is measured. High correlations do appear in many places that were expected. They are also absent in some expected places and offer a comparison of quality metric definitions proposed by different authors.
Policy Update: Implications of blending limits on the US ethanol and biofuels markets

In the last issue I discussed the USA and EU approaches to stimulating biofuels [1]. The US approach combines subsidies and mandates for specific volumes of biofuels by type. By 2022, the Renewable...
Economic justification of flexible manufacturing systems using the leontief input-output model

ABSTRACT The Leontief Input-output model and linear programming are used to determine performance measures of a flexible manufacturing system for the economic Justification of the system. The performance measures Include: the total number of units processed within a specified time interval at each machining center: the number of acceptable components produced within a given time interval: and the average number of transfers between machining centers for each component. The first two performance measures are used to estimate the productivity of the system and the costs associated with scrap. The third performance measure is used to estimate material handling time and costs. These performance measures are then used as inputs to the Analytic Hierarchy Process for the economic Justification of the flexible manufacturing system. An example of a Job shop system and two alternative flexible manufacturing systems is given to illustrate the methodology.
Identifying the challenges of biomarkers that predict response to HER2-directed therapies.

The identification of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) as a targetable marker of adverse prognosis along with the development of HER2-directed therapies, have significantly improved outcomes for women with HER2-overexpressing breast cancers. However, both resistance to treatment and treatment-related toxicities have contributed to a less-than-ideal effect even as we have access to an increasing number of HER2-directed therapies making treatment selection potentially complex. Therefore, identifying biomarkers that predict response and/or resistance to specific HER2-directed therapies is an attractive clinical aim. In doing so, it is hoped that patients may be spared ineffective treatments and unnecessary toxicity, while maximizing benefit from available therapies. However, distinguishing and quantifying relevant markers have been significant obstacles. Both genomic and proteomic strategies have been employed, yet discrepancies have arisen and no clearly predictive marker has been identif...
Interactions between coal and biomass when cofiring

Cofiring biomass with coal is one of the most promising short-term options for reducing the net CO 2 emissions from coal-fired power plants. This paper examines the effects of cofiring biomass and coal on ash deposition, corrosion, and NO x emissions under conditions representative of those found in pulverized-coal (pc) boilers. Experiments were conducted with blends of six different fuels—two types of bituminous coal, two types of straw, switchgrass, and wood. For each fuel, reference tests of unblended fuel establish a baseline to examine the results from the cofiring tests. The deposition rates for the blends of fuels considered by this investigation lay between the measured deposition rates of the unblended fuels. There-fore, cofiring can mitigate some of the fouling difficulties associated with high-fouling coals and biofuels. By accounting for factors other than fuel composition, we can improve our predictions of the effects of cofiring on ash deposition rates. For the fuel blends examined here, available alkali is a relatively good predictor for the ash deposition rate. Sulfation of alkali chlorides is the major interaction that occurs within deposits formed while cofiring. Sulfation reduces the chlorine content of the deposits, potentially reducing the corrosion potential of the deposits. Cofiring biomass can decrease NO x emissions relative to firing unblended coal under typical pc-combustion conditions when the biomass fuel contains little nitrogen There does not appear to be any fundamental synergistic interaction between the coal and biomass that significantly reduces NO x emissions. These measurements demonstrate that cofiring biomass with coal can result in decreased pollutant production, decreased ash deposition, and decreased effective CO 2 , but judicious choices of fuels and operating conditions are required to accomplish these objectives.
Essentiality and centrality in protein interaction networks revisited

Minimum dominating sets (MDSet) of protein interaction networks allow the control of underlying protein interaction networks through their topological placement. While essential proteins are enriched in MDSets, we hypothesize that the statistical properties of biological functions of essential genes are enhanced when we focus on essential MDSet proteins (e-MDSet). Here, we determined minimum dominating sets of proteins (MDSet) in interaction networks of E. coli, S. cerevisiae and H. sapiens, defined as subsets of proteins whereby each remaining protein can be reached by a single interaction. We compared several topological and functional parameters of essential, MDSet, and essential MDSet (e-MDSet) proteins. In particular, we observed that their topological placement allowed e-MDSet proteins to provide a positive correlation between degree and lethality, connect more protein complexes, and have a stronger impact on network resilience than essential proteins alone. In comparison to essential proteins we further found that interactions between e-MDSet proteins appeared more frequently within complexes, while interactions of e-MDSet proteins between complexes were depleted. Finally, these e-MDSet proteins classified into functional groupings that play a central role in survival and adaptability. The determination of e-MDSet of an organism highlights a set of proteins that enhances the enrichment signals of biological functions of essential proteins. As a consequence, we surmise that e-MDSets may provide a new method of evaluating the core proteins of an organism.
299 MYOCARDIAL ENERGY IMBALANCE IN NEWBORN CARDIO MYOPATHIC TURKEYS

Turkeys (TK) inbred for congestive cardiomyopathy(CCM) have reduced hatchability and a mortality approaching 30% by 10 days of age; cardiac dilation begins at this time. We examined the possibility that an imbalance in cardiac high energy phosphate (HEP) compounds may contribute to these abnormalities. Ventricular ATP, ADP, AMP and CP were compared in control(Con) and CCM TK, 1-31 days old. There was no significant age-related difference in myocardial HEP compounds or in the energy charge [EC=(ATP+ 0.5 ADP)/(ATP+ADP+AMP)] in Con TK (Table). In contrast, ATP and EC in CCM hearts at 1-2 days were reduced compared to 19-31 day TK, and ATP content in CCM hearts at 1-2 days was lower compared to age-matched Con tissue. When cardiac dilation was present in CCM TK (ie 10-31 days), ATP and EC were similar in Con and CCM hearts. CP content in Con and CCM TK hearts was similar at all ages indicating adequate energy formation. These results suggest that energy imbalance in hearts of newborn CCM TK may, in part, contribute to the reduced hatchability or high early mortality; dilation of myopathic hearts is not associated with HEP imbalance.
Using the essential work of fracture method for studying physical aging in thin, ductile, polymeric films

Water-filled, drop impact tests on full-scale, blow-molding polyester bottles showed that impact properties change significantly after 30 days of aging at 50°C. To quantify this deleterious effect of aging, we did small-scale laboratory experiments using the essential work of fracture method (EWFM). We measured the essential work of fracture of thin specimens cut from the sides of blow-molded bottles and aged under various conditions. Similar to the impact results, significant drops in essential work occurred after relatively short amounts of aging. Additional experiments confirmed that the decreases in essential work were due to physical aging and not to chemical degradation. A comparison of the essential work results to the full-scale, bottle-drop impact tests showed some inconsistencies that need to be resolved before EWFM can be recommended as a quantitative method for studying physical aging of blow-molding polyester resins.
Experiments with fungicides to control Aphanomyces cochlioides in sugar beet

SUMMARY Aphanomyces cochlioides attacking sugar-beet seedlings was controlled by fenaminosulf applied as seed treatment or to the seed furrow at sowing. In the absence of blackleg caused by A. cochlioides, fenaminosulf seed treatment at 0–75 % (of seed weight) and soil applications decreased seedling emergence, and soil applications of more than 2-2 kg a.i./ha significantly depressed sugar yield. Controlling moderate attacks of seedling blackleg caused by A. cochlioides did not increase yield. Dichlone, benomyl and maneb applied as seed or soil treatments, captafol seed treatment, and quintozene and thiram soil treatments did not control A. cochlioides.
Microinfusion into the rat brain of antibodies against Semliki Forest Virus produces changes in behavioral response to apomorphine.

Abstract Anti-SFV antibodies generated during SFV infection may affect CNS function due to cross-reactivity with a peptide of oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein. To explore this possibility, total IgG from SFV immunized or normal control rabbits was unilaterally microinfused into the subthalamic region of normal rat brain. Behavior of the IgG-infused rats was determined using a bioassay, measuring rotational locomotion following systemic injection of apomorphine. Anti-SFV IgG-infused rats demonstrated a significantly increased (p
Properties of labetalol, a combined α-and β-blocking agent, relevant to the treatment of myocardial ischemia

Labetalol, a combined α-β-adrenergic antagonist, is one of the new group of β-adrenergic blockers reduces peripheral and coronary vascular resistances while preserving cardiac output. Unlike α-adrenergic blockers, labetalol tends to reduce heart rate during rest and exercise. The drug is a potent antihypertensive agent which has been used by mouth and by vein to treat mild, moderate, and severe hypertension, including hypertensive emergencies. Labetalol has a hemodynamic profile which makes it an attractive agent for treating myocardial ischemia. The drug reduces blood pressure, left ventricular wall tension, heart rate, and contractility while preserving or even augmenting coronary blood flow. Studies with labetalol in hypertensive patients with angina have shown it to be more effective than placebo in reducing angina attacks and blood pressure while improving exercise tolerance. The drug appears to have antianginal and antihypertensive effects comparable to atenolol and propranolol. Side effects of treatment are observed and most are related to α- and β-adrenergic blockade. Labetalol also appears to be effective for treatment of normotensive patients with angina and for silent myocardial ischemia. It has no apparent effects on serum lipids and lipoproteins. Labetalol appears to be a useful drug for treating the hypertensive heart and its many complications.
Patterns of neoplasia in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis

Cancer occurred in 28 of 579 patients (4.8%) with Crohn's disease (CD) and in 30 of 267 (11.2%) with ulcerative colitis (UC) admitted to the Mount Sinai Hospital between 1960--1976. The proportion of cancers that were extraintestinal was greater in CD than in UC (43 vs. 12%), as was the proportion of gastrointestinal cancers that arose in apparently normal bowels (33 vs. 4%). The incidence of gastrointestinal cancer increase with duration of disease in both CD and UC, but the absolute rates were three times higher in UC. For extraintestinal cancer, on the other hand, there was less correlation with increasing duration of disease, and no higher frequency in UC than in CD. Mortality from gastrointestinal cancer was 82% in CD and 50% in UC, but occurred only within two years of tumor diagnosis; survival beyond two years seemed to indicate a favorable prognosis.
Dip Reagents for Visualization in TLC

Thin-layer chromatography is widely used in the undegraduate organic laboratory. When employing TLC for colorless compounds, a step to make the spots visible after development of the plate is necessary. In this article, we show how using a dipping technique makes the visualization possible without the disadvantages of other techniques.
Gene Expression Profiling of the Human Maternal-Fetal Interface Reveals Dramatic Changes between Midgestation and Term

Human placentation entails the remarkable integration of fetal and maternal cells into a single functional unit. In the basal plate region (the maternal-fetal interface) of the placenta, fetal cytotrophoblasts from the placenta invade the uterus and remodel the resident vasculature and avoid maternal immune rejection. Knowing the molecular bases for these unique cell-cell interactions is important for understanding how this specialized region functions during normal pregnancy with implications for tumor biology and transplantation immunology. Therefore, we undertook a global analysis of the gene expression profiles at the maternal-fetal interface. Basal plate biopsy specimens were obtained from 36 placentas (14-40 wk) at the conclusion of normal pregnancies. RNA was isolated, processed, and hybridized to HG-U133A&B Affymetrix GeneChips. Surprisingly, there was little change in gene expression during the 14- to 24-wk interval. In contrast, 418 genes were differentially expressed at term (37-40 wk) as compared with midgestation (14-24 wk). Subsequent analyses using quantitative PCR and immunolocalization approaches validated a portion of these results. Many of the differentially expressed genes are known in other contexts to be involved in differentiation, motility, transcription, immunity, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix dissolution, or lipid metabolism. One sixth were nonannotated or encoded hypothetical proteins. Modeling based on structural homology revealed potential functions for 31 of these proteins. These data provide a reference set for understanding the molecular components of the dialogue taking place between maternal and fetal cells in the basal plate as well as for future comparisons of alterations in this region that occur in obstetric complications.
Self-concept development and educational degree attainment

The present study explores changes in the academic, social, and artistic self-concept of college students over a nine-year period. While the findings demonstrate a positive relationship between the educational degree attainment levels of students and their formation of a more healthy self-concept, the findings further indicate that the relationship is not consistent for males and females. In general, the findings suggest that the collegiate experience does not diminish self-concept gender differences that exist at the time of matriculation. The degree to which changes in students' self-concept is related to selected aspects of their collegiate experience and characteristics of their undergraduate institutions is also explored. The findings indicate that changes in students' self-concept is related to their level of social and academic integration during their undergraduate careers and to the size and selectivity of colleges they attend. The implications of these findings for enhancing students' self-concept during the college years are discussed.
Lantern Fish compare Downwelling Light and Bioluminescence

THE biological utility of the light organs of oceanic fishes has been the subject of much speculation1,2. According to one hypothesis the ventral photophores of some mesopelagic fishes in the upper regions of the sea may produce bioluminescence that matches the colour and intensity of environmental light passing downwards on either side of the fish. Such a system of camouflage could obscure the ventral outline of the fish when viewed from below3,4.
A bioreporter bioluminescent integrated circuit for very low-level chemical sensing in both gas and liquid environments

Abstract We report a compact biosensor using genetically engineered whole-cell bioreporters on a CMOS based integrated circuit, also called the microluminometer , for accurately sensing low concentrations of a wide range of toxic substances in both gas and liquid environments. The bioluminescent bioreporters are bacteria that can be genetically altered to achieve bioluminescence when in contact with a targeted substance. The bioreporters are placed in close proximity to the microluminometer thus obviating the need for complex instrumentation to channel light from the bioreporters to the microluminometer. The microluminometer presented here is a more robust design and consumes lower power when compared to the one presented in Bolton et al.'s work [E.K. Bolton, G.S. Sayler, D.E. Nivens, J.M. Rochelle, S. Ripp, M.L. Simpson, Integrated CMOS photodetectors and signal processing for very low-level chemical sensing with the bioluminescent bioreporter integrated circuit, Sens. Actuators B 85 (2002) 179–185]. The microluminometer includes integrated photodiodes and signal processor and is realized using a standard 0.35 μm CMOS process. The photodiode array is operated with a reverse bias of a few mV and demonstrates a leakage current of 45–60 fA and a minimum detectable signal (MDS) of 0.15 fA while operating at room temperature. We present results from both liquid based and air based testing with salicylate and naphthalene as the analytes, respectively, and genetically altered bacteria, Pseudomonas fluorescens 5RL, as the bioreporter.
A comparison of perceptions about information center success

Abstract Information centers (ICs) are a popular way for firms to facilitate and coordinate end-user computing. A continuing role for ICs in organizations depends on how successfully they meet their goals. This paper explores perceptions of IC success held by IC managers and MIS executives. Data was collected using a mail survey and then analyzed to produce both specific item scores and aggregate measures for realized success, major problems, and critical success factors. Comparisons were done to determine if MIS executives viewed IC success in the same way as IC managers. The results suggest that while some differences exist, on the whole there is agreement about what an IC must do to be successful.
MICROSCOPIC DESCRIPTION OF THE CHARGE DENSITIES OF THE ISOTOPES 146,150Nd

We analyze recent measurements of charge densities of the isotopes of neodymium on the basis of a modified shell model with fractional occupation numbers of 2p and 2d states. We calculate the transition charge densities of dipole states using the collective model of Orlandini et al. We find that this model agrees much better with the data than those of the hydrodynamic or scaling model.
Motor unit types: functional specializations in motor control

Abstract While criteria differ, muscle fibers and muscle units inmost mammalian skeletal muscles are heterogeneous and can be grouped into several categories according to their speed of contraction and fatiguability. Here Robert Burke argues that the mixed motor unit composition of most muscles is the result of an evolutionary optimization, which balances the mechanical demands placed on the different unit types against their respective metabolic costs.
Representations of self in cognitive psychotherapies

Perhaps the single most important (re)discovery of 20th-century psychology has been that of the self. Conceptualizations of self are diverse, and the nature of its cognitive representation raises important issues about traditional concepts of memory. After discussing the relationship between identityconstructing processes and resistance to change, selected exercises in self-exploration are discussed and illustrated. It is concluded that the experiences of the “serving self” (i.e., the psychotherapist) are of fundamental significance for our understanding and refinement of professional services.
Full-field speckle pattern image correlation with B-Spline deformation function

A full-field speckle pattern image correlation method is presented that will determine directly the complete, two-dimensional deformation field during the image correlation process on digital images obtained using computer vision systems. In this work, a B-Spline function is used to represent the object deformation field throughout the entire image area. This is an improvement over subset-based image correlation methods by implicitly maintaining position and derivative continuity constraints among subsets up to a specified order. The control point variables within the B-Spline deformation function are optimized iteratively with the Levenberg-Marquardt method to achieve minimum disparity between the predicted and actual deformed images. Results have shown that the proposed method is computationally efficient, accurate and robust. The general framework of this method can be applied ton-dimensional image correlation systems that solve for multi-dimension vector fields.
The association between the Kessler 10 and suicidality: A cross-sectional analysis

Abstract Objective The aims of this study were to test the psychometric properties of the Kessler 10 (K10) in a clinical setting and to investigate the utility of the K10 as a means for identifying suicidality. Methods One hundred forty-nine inpatients at an inpatient psychiatric hospital completed a battery of assessments during their inpatient hospital stay. Factor analysis provided information suggesting multiple factor loadings present within the K10. A series of t tests examined differences of group means between suicidal participants and a control group, whereas multiple regression models examined the correlation between the K10 and several suicide-specific assessments. Main Results The K10 seems to be composed of 2 primary factors (depression and anxiety) and differentiated suicidal and nonsuicidal inpatients and was associated with several measures related to suicidality. Conclusions The observed results indicate that the K10 may be an effective screener to measure occult suicidality in a clinical setting.
Autophotography in adult education: Building creative communities for social justice and democratic education

A composite technique blending photography and autobiography, known as autophotography, was used to unleash individual and group potential in a twelve-year participatory community.
Development of a stable sublingual nitroglycerin tablet II: Formulation and evaluation of tablets containing povidone

Stable and pharmaceutically elegant sublingual nitroglycerin tablets were formulated using povidone to retard volatilization of the drug. Formulation and processing variables were investigated to produce an acceptable product. A blend of two grades of povidone, of different degrees of cross-linkage and water solubility, provided stable tablets which exhibited rapid disintegration. Directly compressed sublingual tablets made in this study retained over 80% of the initial nitroglycerin when exposed to the atmosphere at room temperature for 2 months. The direct compression tablets are of good appearance and low friability, and the formulation is readily compressed without problems. An interesting relationship among the hardness, disintegration time, and compaction pressure is described.
Medusa at the university of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign: a digital preservation service based on PREMIS

The Medusa digital preservation service at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign provides a storage environment for digital content selected for long-term retention by content managers and producers affiliated with the Library in order to ensure its enduring access and use. This paper reports on Medusa development, with emphasis on the research processes that informed key decisions related to its design, the central role of PREMIS metadata in its architecture, and future directions of integrating PREMIS management into a Fedora repository architecture. In so doing, it describes a strategy of digital preservation content management that draws strength from the creation and management of comprehensive PREMIS preservation metadata records.
Introspective awareness of sensations

My goal is to formulate a theory of introspection that can be integrated with a strongly reductionist account of sensations that I have defended elsewhere. In pursuit of this goal, I offer a skeletal explanation of themetaphysical nature of introspection and I attempt to resolve several of the main questions about theepistemological status of introspective beliefs.
The ν3 infrared bands of C12H4 and C13H4

Abstract The infrared spectrum of 92 mole % C13H4 was obtained over the region 2870–3130 cm−1 at a resolution of about 0.3 cm−1 and was compared with the spectrum of C12H4. The tetrahedral splitting was partly resolved and the splitting constants were determined by applying the theoretical treatments of Herranz and Hecht. With the aid of a partial analysis of the Q branch, and assuming a value for the ground-state rotational constant B0, the molecular constants were obtained. Significant changes in going from C12H4 to C13H4 were observed for the following constants: Δν0 = −9.95 cm−1; ΔBeffQ = +0.0027 cm−1; Δα3 = −0.0013 cm−1; Δζ3 = −0.0088; as well as for some of the splitting constants. These changes are discussed and are shown to be generally in agreement with theoretical predictions using previously established force constants and harmonic frequencies. Expected vibrational frequency shifts, Δν, are tabulated for a number of vibrational modes; it is shown that analyses of C13H4 spectra will be useful in making assignments in the overtone region and may lead to more precise force constants for methane.
An Analytic Formulation for NO and NO2 Flux Profiles in the Atmospheric Surface Layer

The chemical reactivity of NO and NO2 is so rapid that their fluxes and concentrations can be considerably modified from that expected for conserved variables in the atmospheric surface layer, even as low as a meter above the surface. Fitzjarrald and Lenschow (1983) have calculated flux and mean concentration profiles for NO, NO 2 and 03 in the surface layer using numerical techniques. However, their solutions do not approach the photostationary state at large heights. Here we solve a simpler set of equations analytically (i.e. we assume a constant 03 concentration and neutral hydrodynamic stability), and are able to show how the flux profiles behave at large heights assuming that the concentrations approach their photostationary values. We find, for example, that at large heights the ratio of the flux of NO to that of NO 2 is equal to the ratio of their concentrations. These results are relevant to estimating surface fluxes of NO and NO 2, and are most applicable to nonurban environments where NO and NO2 concentrations are usually much less than 03 concentration.
Training the Group Therapist: 1947-1995

Abstract Based mainly on journal literature, this compilation on training the group therapist contains 351 English-language or translated items from 1947 through 1995. Although many interesting discussions of important issues and situations are to be found herein, the literature contains few reports of evaluated training programs.
Dynamics of the Primary Cilium in Shear Flow

In this work, the equilibrium shape and dynamics of a primary cilium under flow are investigated by using both theoretical modeling and experiment. The cilium is modeled as an elastic beam that may undergo large deflection due to the hydrodynamic load. Equilibrium results show that the anchoring effects of the basal body on the cilium axoneme behave as a nonlinear rotational spring. Details of the rotational spring are elucidated by coupling the elastic beam with an elastic shell. We further study the dynamics of cilium under shear flow with the cilium base angle determined from the nonlinear rotational spring, and obtain good agreement in cilium bending and relaxing dynamics when comparing between modeling and experimental results. These results potentially shed light on the physics underlying the mechanosensitive ion channel transport through the ciliary membrane.
Phonon focusing and mode-conversion effects in silicon at ultrasonic frequencies

Using a scanned point-source, point-receiver technique based on laser generation and piezoelectric sensing, we have observed pronounced anisotropy in the amplitudes of ultrasonic waves propagated in silicon single crystals. The source of this anisotropy can be attributed to focusing of acoustic-ray vectors brought about by the elastic anisotropy of the medium. We present our results in the form of scan images that contain a wealth of structures corresponding to reflection and mode-conversion processes. Head waves are also clearly identified for the first time in a single-crystal specimen. The transduction process also has an important influence on the radiation pattern, and is responsible for the almost complete extinction of certain wave modes. Our results are well accounted for with Monte Carlo ray simulations, and are consistent with the known phonon-focusing pattern of silicon.
Characterization of porous soot boules by mass fraction profiling

Fiber preform manufacturing methods such as the outside vapor-phase deposition (OVD) and vapor-phase axial deposition (VAD) processes produce intermediate porous bodies referred to as soot boules. These porous soot boules are opaque at visible wavelengths and cannot be characteized by conventional He-Ne laser index profiling.1
The minimal 17 keV neutrino model

Abstract Recent results indicating the existence of a 17 keV neutrino can be explained within the context of the singlet majoron model. We consider the minimal such model, in which only one right-handed neutrino is included. Neutrinoless double beta decay limits are evaded naturally if this fourth neutrino is not too heavy. Cosmological problems are avoided by the annihilation of the 17 keV neutrinos into majorons. The absence of any astrophysical signal from the radiative decays of these neutrinos further constrains the model. Possible signatures of our model include a peak or shoulder in the background photons at 8.5 keV, the appearance of either neutrinoless double beta decay or a kink in beta decay spectra, and a tau neutrino signal from future supernovae that is delayed by a few days.
Bogor: an extensible and highly-modular software model checking framework

Model checking is emerging as a popular technology for reasoning about behavioral properties of a wide variety of software artifacts including: requirements models, architectural descriptions, designs, implementations, and process models. The complexity of model checking is well-known, yet cost-effective analyses have been achieved by exploiting, for example, naturally occurring abstractions and semantic properties of a target software artifact. semantic properties of target software artifacts. Adapting a model checking tool to exploit this kind of domain knowledge often requires in-depth knowledge of the tool's implementation.We believe that with appropriate tool support, domain experts will be able to develop efficient model checking-based analyses for a variety of software-related models. To explore this hypothesis, we have developed Bogor, a model checking framework with an extensible input language for defining domain-specific constructs and a modular interface design to ease the optimization of domain-specific state-space encodings, reductions and search algorithms. We present the pattern-oriented design of Bogor and discuss our experiences adapting it to efficiently model check Java programs and event-driven component-based designs.
Lifetime sexual behaviors among runaway males and females.

Lifetime sexual behaviors were examined among 206 male and female runaway adolescents aged 11–18 in New York City who were predominantly Black or Hispanic. Most youths experienced oral, anal or vaginal sex with opposite‐sex partners (84%), began to engage in these heterosexual activities at a relatively young age (M = 12.9 years), and used condoms inconsistently or not at all (56%). Among sexually active youths, males initiated heterosexual activity at a significantly earlier age than females, reported more opposite‐sex partners, and had a higher prevalence rate of trading sex for money or drugs. These findings indicate specific areas for targeting AIDS prevention programs for runaway youths.
Cardiovascular Drug Use in the Elderly

The elderly patient is at increased risk for adverse drug effects because of altered pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes that occur with aging. In addition, the potential for adverse drug interactions are increased because the elderly take a disproportionate number of drugs relative to younger patients. Cardiovascular drugs are frequently implicated in the occurrence of adverse drug interactions. Recommendations are provided to minimize or avoid adverse drug reactions in the elderly. (c) 2000 by CVRR, Inc.
Henoch–Schönlein purpura induced by clarithromycin

An 84-year-old Indian woman with no significant past medical history and no known drug allergies had been prescribed clarithromycin (250 mg twice daily) for pneumonia. The patient was receiving no other medications. Ten days after starting treatment, the patient developed a mild fever, eruption, and swelling of the ankles. Several days later, the patient developed a spreading, nonpainful, nonpruritic eruption, joint pain, gastrointestinal bleeding, and general malaise. Skin examination revealed numerous palpable purpuric macules and papules and petechiae on the lower extremities, mostly below the knees, and on the right hand. There were large blistering lesions around both ankles, some of which had ulcerated and had a necrotic center (Fig. 1). Blood streaked stool was noted during rectal examination. Laboratory tests showed a normal white blood cell count, hematocrit, and hemoglobin. Serum urea nitrogen was 22 mg/dL (8–18 mg/dL) and creatinine was normal. Urinalysis revealed proteinuria of 0.9 g/24 h (<0.15 g/24 h) and a microscopic hematuria. Antistreptolysin O, antinuclear antibodies, cryoglobulins, and hepatitis serologies were all negative. Histology of the skin showed leukocytoclastic Figure 1. Extensive purpura on the distal legs. Overlying the medial malleolus of the left ankle is a large crusted erosion. An ischemic but intact blister roof is apparent at the periphery Download figure to PowerPoint vasculitis of superficial vessels with extravasation of red blood cells (Fig. 2). Direct immunofluorescence revealed immunoglobulin A (IgA) in superficial dermal vessels. Treatment with prednisone (1 mg/kg/day) was started and the arthralgias, hematochezia, and eruption resolved over the next 3 days. Renal function remained impaired, however, and the patient was discharged with a proteinuria of 0.56 g/24 h (<0.15 g/day) on prednisone and omeprazole. Figure 2. Medium power picture showing fibrinoid necrosis of superficial vessels, neutrophilic infiltrate, and karyorrhectic debris (hematoxylin and eosin, ×100) Download figure to PowerPoint
Reliable placement of synchronized phasor measurements on network branches

This paper presents a practical approach to assign synchronized phasor measurements to appropriate network branches in order to observe the entire system. Earlier studies assume that phasor measurement units are capable of monitoring all branch currents incident to the studied substation. This paper relaxes this unrealistic assumption and considers more practical phasor measurement units which can monitor individual lines or transformers. While the paper considers an initially blank measurement set and proposes a method to populate the system branches with phasor measurement units, it can be used to simply extend observability of unobservable systems equipped with conventional metering. Furthermore, the objective of the placement problem is expanded to incorporate the reliability against loss of phasor measurement units or unexpected outage of lines and transformers. Hence, the resulting method provides a comprehensive measurement configuration which not only makes the system observable but maintains observability during such contingencies. Numerical results of applying this method to IEEE test systems are given.
Crime e castigo nos Estados Unidos: de Nixon a Clinton

Este artigo analisa o crescimento exponencial do numero de detentos ocorrido nos Estados Unidos a partir de meados dos anos 70. Procura mostrar que esse crescimento nao corresponde a um aumento da criminalidade, mas a conjugacao de tres series causais, quais sejam: o declinio do “ideal de reabilitacao” dos prisioneiros, a instrumentalizacao do medo da violencia pelos politicos e pela midia e a funcao de mecanismo de controle racial assumido pelo sistema penal americano. Em suma, a hiperflacao carceraria revela a contraface do enfraquecimento do Estado de Bem-Estar Social e a sua substituicao por um Estado penal.
Reaktionen in Mikrofluidiktröpfchen

Tropfchenbasierte Mikrofluidiksysteme bieten in der Chemie und Biologie ausgezeichnete experimentelle Moglichkeiten fur die Grundlagenforschung und angewandte Forschung. Sie ermoglichen die Miniaturisierung von Reaktionen, indem Reaktionsvolumina in femto- bis mikrolitergrosen Tropfchen kompartimentiert werden. Die Kompartimentierung in Tropfchen ermoglicht die schnelle Durchmischung der Reagentien, die zeitliche Steuerung der Reaktionen im Bereich von Millisekunden bis zu Monaten, die Steuerung von Grenzflacheneigenschaften und die Synthese und den Transport von festen Reagentien und Produkten. Mithilfe von tropfchenbasierten Mikrofluidiksystemen konnen Anwendungen im Bereich des chemischen und biologischen Screenings, der Proteinkristallisation und der Enzymkinetik verbessert und beschleunigt werden. Daruber hinaus bietet die mogliche Steuerung von Tropfchen in Mikrofluidikeinheiten Aussichten auf neue wissenschaftliche Methoden und Erkenntnisse.