cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Study of the Effect of HyperCard and Pen-Paper Performance Assessment Methods on Expert-Novice Chemistry Problem Solving

This study investigated HyperCard as a tool for assessment in science education and determined whether or not a HyperCard assessment instrument could differentiate between expert and novice student performance (balancing stoichiometric equations) in science education. Five chemical equations were presented by traditional pen-paper and by a HyperCard (Hyperequation) program. Thirty honors (expert) and 30 regular (novice) chemistry students were randomly divided into HyperCard and traditional pen-paper groups of 15 students each. Scoring was based on five dependent variables: performance scores, number of attempts, rate of attempts, time on task, and correctness. Correlation results indicated that students with high performance scores correctly balanced more equations, required fewer attempts to balance equations, and required less time per attempt than did students with low performance scores. MANOVA results showed that performance scores and correctness scores for both experts and novice were significantly higher on HyperCard compared to pen-paper assessment; the novice scores on HyperCard nearly equaled the expert pen-paper assessment scores. Significant interactions were found for time on task and for correctness. The results suggest that HyperCard can be a suitable tool for assessment in science education and that such an instrument can differentiate between expert and novice student performance.
Mate sampling in a natural population of Pecos gambusia, Gambusia nobilis

ABSTRACT. Much research has been conducted on the mating systems of poeciliid fish in aquaria; however, there are fewer studies that examine mate sampling of these fish in the wild. In general, male poeciliids are characterized as being unselective in their mate choices and will attempt to copulate with seemingly all available females. Females are selective, copulate infrequently, and are often pursued by “ardent” males who may force copulations. To avoid male harassment, females in aquaria will often shelter from males among other females in shoals. Here, we examined the mate-sampling behaviors of male and female Pecos gambusia Gambusia nobilis by following individuals swimming in an outflow pool of Diamond Y Spring in southwestern Texas. In most cases, a male approached a solitary female, followed her briefly, and then left for no apparent reason. Approaching a number of females increased the likelihood that the male would follow one, and the longer a male followed a female, the more likely he was to co...
RNA folding and hydrolysis terms explain ATP-independence of RNA interference in human systems

Although RNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as an important tool for studying the effects of gene knockdown, it is still difficult to predict the success of RNAi effectors in human systems. By examining the basic thermodynamic equations for RNA interactions in RNAi, we demonstrate how the free energies of RNA folding and phosphoester bond hydrolysis can drive RNAi without ATP. Our calculations of RNAi efficiency are close to actual values obtained from in vitro experimental data from 2 previous studies, for both silencing complex formation (2.50 vs. 2.40 for relative efficiency of RISC formation) and mRNA cleavage (0.50 vs. 0.56 for proportion cleaved). Our calculations are also in agreement with previous observations that duplex unwinding and target site folding are major energy barriers to RNAi.
Dentin permeability: the basis for understanding pulp reactions and adhesive technology

Permeability involves the passage of fluids, ions, molecules, particulate matter and bacteria into and through a substance or tissue under different and varying conditions. The permeability of the dentin is essential to support the physiology and reaction patterns of the pulp-dentin organ. Nutrients and impulses are transported from the pulp via the odontoblast process and the contents of its tubules maintain the dentin as a vital tissue. However, the main interest of this paper focuses on penetration from the outside towards the pulp rather than from the pulp towards the outside. The present overview centers on the dentinal tubules; how they are formed and how they change as a result of normal and abnormal function, age, and pathological processes and the effect of these processes on the permeability of dentin. Particular attention is focused on the patency of the dentinal tubules.This overview is largely based on the author’s own research, clinical insights and active participation in continuing dental education over the last 50 years. It is not a review of the literature related to the permeability of dentin. Rather it presents interpretation of results related to the permeability of dentin based on experience and opinions acquired over a lifetime in dental research.
Interagent communication and synchronization support in the DaAgent mobile agent-based computing system

This paper describes the design, implementation, and evaluation of interagent communication and synchronization models in the DaAgent mobile-agent based computing system. Based on the requirements of some sample Internet computing applications, eight system-level models of interagent communication and synchronization are proposed. A new synchronization mechanism called location synchronization that is relevant for interacting mobile agents is also proposed. This paper evaluates the eight models based on their utility, performance, level of communication and synchronization support, and applicability in the Internet computing environment. A prototype implementation and detailed performance evaluation of these models based on two interacting, multiagent applications are also presented.
Quetiapine in the Treatment of Behavioral Disturbances in Patients With Huntington’s Disease

The effect of quetiapine (an atypical antipsychotic with minimal extrapyramidal side effects) on motor as well as behavioral symptoms was studied in five consecutive patients with Huntington's disease in a long-term facility. Improvement of behavioral symptoms (i.e., psychotic symptoms, agitation, irritability, and insomnia) without worsening of motor functioning were noted.
Maintenance therapy for added bone mass or how to keep the profit after withdrawal of therapy of osteopenia

Since continuous therapy for osteoporosis can be expensive and may have detrimental effects, there is a need to develop a strategy to maintain bone mass after withdrawal of treatment. The bone maintained by estrogen and calcitonin therapies and exercise, but the added bone induced by anabolic agents disappears upon cessation of treatment. To avoid this pitfall, the concepts of activation, restore and maintain (ARM) or loss, restore and maintain (LRM), the on/off administration of combined anabolic agent with an antiresorptive or antiactivation agent, and cyclical treatment of the two regimes have been employed successfully in "keeping the profit" (maintaining bone) in preclinical studies. The data for the disappearance of bone upon cessation of certain osteopenic treatments, its mechanism of loss and the development of maintenance concept and subsequent preclinical studies indicate that there was no need for costly continuous therapy in the treatment strategy for osteoporosis.
Maneuverable relays to improve energy efficiency in sensor networks

We propose a hybrid model to alleviate the notorious problem of premature battery depletion in sensor networks: in a first stage, simple sensors are deployed over an area of interest using any traditional method, in a second phase, more powerful relays are put in positions that allow them to off-load as much of the forwarding burden imposed on the simple sensors as possible. We introduce this model in detail, give a few theoretical results with respect to the optimal placement of the powerful sensors, propose various heuristic approaches for their placement, and present comparative simulation results for these heuristics.
Dispersal of the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis, in newly‐colonized sites

Emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) is an invasive forest insect pest threatening more than 8 billion ash (Fraxinus spp.) trees in North America. Development of effective survey methods and strategies to slow the spread of A. planipennis requires an understanding of dispersal, particularly in recently established satellite populations. 2 We assessed the dispersal of A. planipennis beetles over a single generation at two sites by intensively sampling ash trees at known distances from infested ash logs, the point source of the infestations. Larval density was recorded from more than 100 trees at each site. 3 Density of A. planipennis larvae by distance for one site was fit to the Ricker function, inverse power function, and the negative exponential function using a maximum likelihood approach. The prediction of the best model, a negative exponential function, was compared with the results from both sites. 4 The present study demonstrates that larval densities rapidly declined with distance, and that most larvae (88.9 and 90.3%) were on trees within 100 m of the emergence point of the adults at each site. The larval distribution pattern observed at both sites was adequately described by the negative exponential function.
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors for menopausal vasomotor symptoms

Abstract Introduction: Some of the most bothersome symptoms associated with menopause are the vasomotor symptoms (VMS), characterized by transient elevations in body temperature associated with a narrowing of the thermoneutral zone and an abnormal firing rate of thermosensitive neurons in the hypothalamus. These VMS have traditionally been treated with hormone replacement therapy (HRT); however, after a trial suggesting an association between HRT and a number of serious adverse events, alternative therapies for VMS are being studied. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the available literature regarding the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) for the alleviation of VMS associated with menopause. Methods: PubMed and Ovid/MEDLINE keyword searches were conducted. Literature was reviewed for inclusion if it included any SSRI or SNRI for menopausal symptoms published prior to August 31, 2014. Results: Seven studies were included ...
Hepatoma Occurring Two Decades after Hepatic Irradiation

Hepatoma has been related to chemical, dietary, metabolic, infectious, and genetic factors. Therapeutic hepatic irradiation has never been associated with hepatoma. A case of hepatocellular carcinoma is presented that occurred two decades after radiotherapy for presumed hepatic hemangioma. Radiation-related liver disease is discussed in general, with emphasis placed on radiation hepatocarcinogenesis.
Issues in starting a simulator program

Acquiring a full-scale commercial anesthesia simulator will be a major investment for any program. Startup costs may well exceed the annual salary for a senior staff member, and annual maintenance costs may equal the salary of a nurse or technician. Before such an investment is undertaken, the program staff should have considered alternatives such as available personal-computer based physiologic simulations or a less capital-intensive “home-grown” system. If the decision is made to obtain a commercial system, the program should define clear objectives for the project and consider issues of space and equipment, staffing, and funding. I have prepared this brief discussion to help programs address these issues. This presentation is based primarily on our experience at the University of Rochester, and includes information about the actual costs we incurred while establishing our simulator program. Other academic institutions with similar resources have had similar experiences. The amount and type of resources that a program needs to commit to a simulator project may depend largely on local expertise; my discussion is aimed at programs which do not have staff who are already expert in computer simulations, and which will be therefore largely dependent on commercial vendors and institutional resources.
The function of mathematical terminology: the case of 'slope'

This poster presents a case study of one Grade 6 student to illustrate and consider the role of introducing key mathematical terminology as a semiotic means to objectify mathematical ideas at hand (Radford, 2003). The poster describes how in two classrooms mathematical terminology provided a context for discussing graphs of linear functions, whereas everyday language used for the same mathematics resulted in ambiguous or unproductive discussion. As a component of an eight-day unit, students (n=50) were introduced to the word form slope to describe and compare linear functions. The case reported here presents a student before and after the introduction of the word slope. Interviews provide reason to consider the productive role of mathematical terminology in the development of mathematical understandings.
The applicability of mathematics to physical modality

This paper argues that scientific realism commits us to a metaphysical determination relation between the mathematical entities that are indispensible to scientific explanation and the modal structure of the empirical phenomena those entities explain. The argument presupposes that scientific realism commits us to the indispensability argument. The view presented here is that the indispensability of mathematics commits us not only to the existence of mathematical structures and entities but to a metaphysical determination relation between those entities and the modal structure of the physical world. The no-miracles argument is the primary motivation for scientific realism. It is a presupposition of this argument that unobservable entities are explanatory only when they determine the empirical phenomena they explain. I argue that mathematical entities should also be seen as explanatory only when they determine the empirical facts they explain, namely, the modal structure of the physical world. Thus, scientific realism commits us to a metaphysical determination relation between mathematics and physical modality that has not been previously recognized. The requirement to account for the metaphysical dependence of modal physical structure on mathematics limits the class of acceptable solutions to the applicability problem that are available to the scientific realist.
Manipulation with the patient under anesthesia

Manipulation while the patient is under anesthesia is an old, widely recognized procedure in musculoskeletal medicine. It is used for treating acute and chronic musculoskeletal conditions with significant biomechanical dysfunction unresponsive to conservative therapy. The procedure is helpful when muscle spasm and irritability preclude success without anesthetization of the patient. Safety and effectiveness are favored by appropriate selection of patients, knowledge of indications and contraindications, suitable anesthetic, and services of a qualified physician trained in structural diagnosis and manipulative technique. A team approach is recommended. To illustrate effective use of the procedure, a classic case is described.
Propuesta de un diccionario biográfico de escritores costarricenses (DIBEC)

Los diccionarios biograficos son un tipo de produccion textual que no ha gozado de particular prestigio, tanto dentro del campo lexicografico como del literario. Esta condicion marginal ha incidido en su escaso desarrollo en Costa Rica. Este articulo pretende reivindicar el papel destacado del diccionario biografico como texto de consulta basica y, en forma paralela, dar a conocer el proyecto de elaboracion del “Diccionario Biografico de Escritores Costarricenses” (DIBEC).
Borenium-Catalyzed Hydroborations of Silyl-Substituted Alkenes and Alkynes with a Readily Available N-Heterocyclic Carbene–Borane

Borenium-catalyzed hydroboration reactions of a stable, readily available N-heterocyclic carbene–borane with allyl-, alkenyl-, and alkynylsilane substrates provides either standard 1,2-hydroboration products or rearranged 1,1-hydroboration products, depending on the structure of the substrate. A competent catalyst can be generated in situ by addition of bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide or diiodine. In a typical 1,2-hydroboration, reaction of 1,3-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidine–borane (diMe-Imd-BH3) with 1,2-bis(trimethylsilyl)ethene provides 1,3-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidine–(1,2-bis(trimethylsilyl)ethyl)borane (diMe-Imd-BH2CH(TMS)CH2TMS)) as a stable product. In a typical 1,1-hydroboration, the reaction of diMe-Imd-BH3 with bis(trimethylsilyl)ethyne provides 1,3-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidine–bis(2,2-bis(trimethylsilyl)ethenyl)borane (diMe-Imd-BH(CH═C(TMS)2)2 again as a stable product.
Relationship between overnight energy expenditure and BMR measured in a room-sized calorimeter.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine if overnight energy expenditure, the lowest energy expenditure sustained for 60 min during the night, measured and predicted basal metabolic rate are equivalent. Design: Overnight energy expenditure (ON-EE), the lowest energy expenditure sustained for 60 min during sleep (LS-EE) and basal metabolic rate (BMR) were measured two to seven times in a room-sized indirect calorimeter in 69 adult subjects. Subjects’ gender, age, weight and height were also used to predict BMR (FAO/WHO/UNU, 1985) (BMR-WHO). Setting: Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD, USA. Results: The results from calorimetry measurements (mean±s.d.) included: ON-EE (6.87±0.99 MJ/d), LS-EE (6.18±0.94 MJ/d) and BMR (6.87±0.99 MJ/d). Predicted BMR mean was: BMR-WHO, 6.95±1.03. The mean within-subject difference for the calorimetry measurements were: ON-EE, 0.21 MJ/d; LS-EE, 0.16 MJ/d; and BMR, 0.34 MJ/d. Results indicate there was no significant difference between ON-EE, BMR and BMR-WHO. LS-EE was significantly lower (P<0.0001) than ON-EE, BMR and BMR-WHO. Conclusion: These results indicate that while metabolic rate drops significantly below BMR during sleep, overnight metabolic rate and BMR are equivalent. Sponsorship: US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service.
Effect of Red Common Stonecrop Herb on Alcoholic Fatty Liver

Objective To explore the effect of red common stonecrop herb on malondialdehyde( MDA),glutathione( GSH),Triglycerides( TG) and liver protection. Methods Fifty female rats were randomly divided into five groups of blank control,model control,low-dosage,middle-dosage and high-dosage. After being treated with red common stonecrop herb for thirty days,the contents of MDA,TG and GSH in liver tissue were measured according to the Kit guides,and histopathological characteristics were observed as well. Results The contents of GSH were significantly improved in low and middle dosage groups and the contents of TG decreased in middle and high dosage groups. Histopathological examination showed that red common stonecrop herb could improve hepatic steatosis. Conclusion Red common stonecrop herb can protect liver by lowering TG,enhancing GSH and improving hepatic steatosis.
Intracardiac repair of tetralogy of Fallot: Five-year review of 403 patients

During the 5 year period 1969 to 1973, 403 patients underwent intracardiac repair of tetralogy of Fallot. The patients ranged in age from 3 months to 41 years. Before operation, 86 per cent were cyanotic and 14 per cent were acyanotic. Forty-nine per cent had had at least one palliative procedure before total correction. Mahor associated anomalies included atrial septal defect in 24 per cent, patent ductus arteriosus in 2.5 per cent, coronary anomalies in 4 per cent, and left superior vena cava in 4.5 per cent. Seven per cent of the patients had pulmonary atresia. Pulmonary valvotomy was performed in 111 patients and complete excision of the pulmonary valve in 151. Patch graft reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract was performed in 57 per cent of the patients. In 11 patients a conduit was used to connect the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery. The over-all hospital mortality rate was 9.5 per cent, with the lowest rate (3.5 per cent) in the age group 6 to 10 years and the highest in the infant and adult groups (16.5 and 14.5 per cent, respectively). Three known late deaths occurred. A residual ventricular septal defect (VSD) was found in 3 per cent of the patients and an aneurysm of the pericardial patch in the right ventricular outflow tract developed in 7 patients. Intracardiac repair of the tetralogy of Fallot can be performed with reasonable risk and low morbidity. In our experience the optimal age for elective surgery is between 6 and 10 years.
Mesoporous Transition Metal Aluminosilicas: Incorporation of Alkylphenothiazines and Their Photoionization

Photoionization of N-alkylphenothiazines in mesoporous Me-A1MCM-41 containing ion-exchanged transition metal ions Me = Ni(II), Fe(III) and Cu(II) was investigated. N-alkylphenothiazine cation radicals (PCn +) are produced by 320 nm light at room temperature and characterized by electron spin resonance and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Me-A1MCM- 41 materials are shown to be efficient heterogeneous hosts for the photoinduced formation of long-lived PCn cation radicals indicating efficient photoinduced charge separation. Ni-A1MCM-41 shows the highest photoionization efficiency compared to Fe-A1MCM-41 and Cu-A1MCM-41. The photoionization efficiency depends on the metal ion type and concentration ion-exchanged into mesoporous Me-A1MCM-41 molecular sieves. Also, as the alkylphenothiazine alkyl chain length increases from methyl to hexadecyl, the photoionization yield decreases.
Study of the picosecond laser damage in HfO2/SiO2-based thin-film coatings in vacuum

The laser damage thresholds of various HfO2/SiO2-based thin film coatings, including multilayer dielectric (MLD) gratings and high reflectors of different designs, prepared by E-beam and Plasma Ion Assisted Deposition (PIAD) methods, were investigated in vacuum, dry nitrogen, and after air-vacuum cycling. Single and multiple-pulse damage thresholds and their pulse-length scaling in the range of 0.6 to 100 ps were measured using a vacuum damage test station operated at 1053nm. The E-beam deposited high reflectors showed higher damage thresholds with square-root pulse-length scaling, as compared to PIAD coatings, which typically show slower power scaling. The former coatings appeared to be not affected by air/vacuum cycling, contrary to PIAD mirrors and MLD gratings. The relation between 1-on-1 and N-on-1 damage thresholds was found dependent on coating design and deposition methods.
The role of the microbiome in human health and disease: an introduction for clinicians

Research into the microbiome—the indigenous microbial communities (microbiota) and the host environment that they inhabit—has changed clinicians’ ideas about microbes in human health and disease. Perhaps the most radical change is the realization that most of the microbes that inhabit our body supply crucial ecosystem services that benefit the entire host-microbe system. These services include the production of important resources, bioconversion of nutrients, and protection against pathogenic microbes. Thus disease can result from a loss of beneficial functions or the introduction of maladaptive functions by invading microbes. This review will show how an understanding of the dynamics and function of the indigenous microbiota has altered our view of microbes in maintaining homeostasis and causing disease. It will discuss how disruption of the beneficial functions of the microbiota can lead to disease. Methods for studying the microbiota will be introduced as part of a conceptual framework for using these methods to delineate novel roles for microbes in health. Key associations between specific changes in the microbiome and disease will be discussed. This will lead to an explanation of how the intentional manipulation of the microbiota, either by restoring missing functions or eliminating harmful functions, may lead to novel methods to prevent or treat a variety of diseases. With the explosion of studies relating the microbiome to health and disease, this review aims to provide a foundation for clinicians to follow this developing area of biomedical research.
Global Dimensions of Gifted Education: Cross-National Dichotomies between Perceptions, Practices, and Policies

We examine recent research across countries and cultures in regard to the issues related to the formation of gifted and talented education perspectives, policies, and practices.┬a Many modern cultures and subcultures have developed formal and informal definitions of what it means to be gifted and talented, and when we compare the perceptions, policies, and practices across nations, we discover very different constructs of intelligence and ability.┬a These understandings of giftedness and gifted and talented education can be grouped into four binary dimensions, scholarly versus co-curricular capabilities, aptitude versus achievement, nature versus nurture, and individualistic versus collective, that have significant implications for policy and practice.┬a These constructs can serve as a foundation for countries that are looking to formalize or expand their gifted and talented education models or can be used to challenge the norms of established systems.┬a We put forward recommendations to address some of the challenges in advancing gifted education cross-nationally, an area that is often assumed to introduce risks of enlarging social inequity.┬a We also provide a cross-national matrix that captures known elements of gifted education policies and programs from over 20 subnational jurisdictions, countries, and world regions.┬a
When the whole world is watching: A motivations-based account of selective expression and exposure

Abstract This study integrates theories of selective exposure with an updated uses and gratifications typology to account for partisans' motivations for consuming and sharing ideologically consistent information. By experimentally manipulating the visibility of an individual's media choices, we investigated differences in news selection choices when they are public and when they are private. Based on a sample of college students (N = 192), our results yield three important insights. First, motivations related to identity and opinion management are more likely to be activated when news choices are public. Second, further analysis shows that liberals were more likely to activate motivations related to identity and opinion management in the public condition. Third, our findings suggest that, among conservative respondents, the public condition elicited more politically motivated information selectivity, while for liberal respondents the private condition was more likely to lead to politically motivated choices.
Death Receptor 5 Activation Is Energetically Coupled to Opening of the Transmembrane Domain Dimer

Abstract The precise mechanism by which binding of tumor necrosis factor ligands to the extracellular domain of their corresponding receptors transmits signals across the plasma membrane has remained elusive. Recent studies have proposed that activation of several tumor necrosis factor receptors, including Death Receptor 5, involves a scissorlike opening of the disulfide-linked transmembrane (TM) dimer. Using time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer, we provide, to our knowledge, the first direct biophysical evidence that Death Receptor 5 TM-dimers open in response to ligand binding. Then, to probe the importance of the closed-to-open TM domain transition in the overall energetics of receptor activation, we designed point-mutants (alanine to phenylalanine) in the predicted, tightly packed TM domain dimer interface. We hypothesized that the bulky residues should destabilize the closed conformation and eliminate the ∼3 kcal/mol energy barrier to TM domain opening and the ∼2 kcal/mol energy difference between the closed and open states, thus oversensitizing the receptor. To test this, we used all-atom molecular dynamics simulations of the isolated TM domain in explicit lipid bilayers coupled to thermodynamic potential of mean force calculations. We showed that single point mutants at the interface altered the energy landscape as predicted, but were not enough to completely eliminate the barrier to opening. However, the computational model did predict that a double mutation at i , i +4 positions at the center of the TM domain dimer eliminates the barrier and stabilizes the open conformation relative to the closed. We tested these mutants in cells with time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer and death assays, and show remarkable agreement with the calculations. The single mutants had a small effect on TM domain separation and cell death, whereas the double mutant significantly increased the TM domain separation and more than doubled the sensitivity of cells to ligand stimulation.
Mechanics II: Newtonian Dynamics

It is introduced here the concept of force and shown how Newtonian problems, meaning that can be solved from the equation \(F=ma\), can be discretized and solved using the Finite Difference method. Applications are (i) the addition of the air Drag to the gravity force on a falling rain drop; (ii) the trajectory of lapils from an explosive volcano, and (iii) the rotation of a Gyroscope (as well as the Earth). For all these systems the Kinematic, Potential, and Dissipated energies are calculated. It is shown how by monitoring their values it is possible to assess the correctness of the numerical result and to find the smallest departure from the exact solution.
Ultra-low-noise transimpedance amplifier for high-performance MEMS resonant gyroscopes

This paper describes a generic, ultra-low-noise transimpedance amplifier (TIA) for capacitive MEMS sensors. The TIA obtains both very low input referred current noise (5.12 fA/VHz) and wide dynamic range (123 dB) by employing a digitally-controlled floating resistor, a voltage-and-temperature tolerant current generator, and low-noise operational amplifier (op-amp). The floating resistor allows the amplifier to obtain excellent output linearity and obtain a wide dynamic range. An integrated digital controller of the current generator lowers the TIA noise by reducing the amount of fluctuation in the resistance of the floating resistor by eliminating the transmission of control voltages for the floating resistor through a bonding pad. A beta-multiplier current reference circuitry with a resistor with low temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) generates bias current with very low sensitivity to variations in supply voltage and temperature. A two-stage Miller-compensated op-amp with optimized transistor dimensions is designed. The prototype chip was fabricated using a 0.18 μm standard CMOS process with 1.8 V supply voltage. The circuitry is evaluated with a high performance vibratory MEMS gyroscope and excellent bias stability (0.04 deg/h) is measured.
Predicting hidden bulk phases from surface phases in bilayered Sr 3 Ru 2 O 7

The ability to predict hidden phases under extreme conditions is not only crucial to understanding and manipulating materials but it could also lead to insight into new phenomena and novel routes to synthesize new phases. This is especially true for Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite phases that possess interesting properties ranging from superconductivity and colossal magnetoresistance to photovoltaic and catalytic activities. In particular, the physical properties of the bilayer perovskite Sr3Ru2O7 at the surface are intimately tied to the rotation and tilt of the RuO6 octahedra. To take advantage of the extra degree of freedom associated with tilting we have performed first principles hybrid density functional simulations of uniaxial pressure applied along the c-axis of bulk Sr3Ru2O7 where we find that the octahedra become tilted, leading to two phase transitions. One is a structural transition at [Formula: see text]1.5 GPa, and the other is from a ferromagnetic (FM) metal to an antiferromagnetic (AFM) insulator at [Formula: see text]21 GPa whose AFM spin configuration is different from the AFM state near the FM ground state.
Abstract P547: Soluble Fiber Diet Alters Cardiovascular Responses To Stress In Normotensive Wky Rats

Gut microbiota is crucial for function of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and modulates the communication between the GI tract and the central nervous system. Microbial metabolites such as propion...
On-die common mode noise reduction solution for high speed differential IO

Phenomenon of common mode current causes common mode noise which eventually leads to electromagnetic interference (EMI) to other electronic devices. The common mode current is generated from differential signals' timing, amplitude, and rise/fall time skews, due to non-ideal differential signaling from buffer and mismatches in differential trace design. Therefore, controlling common mode current is critical. Common mode current is typically addressed through the following approach during the design phase through implementing on-board discrete Common Mode Choke (CMC). It is also addressed through circumvention of signal timing skew, signal rise/fall-time skew, and signal amplitude skew, during the I/O buffer and layout design phase. This work presents a novel on-die Common Mode Noise Correction Feedback System (CMN-CFS) which provides the benefit of better EMI suppression and allow the removal of discrete CMC component, thus reducing the platform BOM, printed circuit board real estate needs and signal routing complexity.
Improving End-of-Life Care Knowledge Among Senior Baccalaureate Nursing Students:

Objective:It is imperative that nurses are proficient and comfortable providing care to patients at the end of life. Recent studies show that nurses’ knowledge of end-of-life care is less than opti...
Using role play for an upper level CS course

This paper reports on initial experiences with using role play interaction in an upper level operating systems (OS) course. Three role play scenarios were implemented related to multi-programming, concurrency and synchronization, and a culminating experience that included several OS transactions with emphasis on input and output (I/O) operations. Students reported better understanding of the concepts, and stated appreciation for the chance to see some of the abstracted components made more concrete. The activities are discussed, the initial student feedback is provided, and future plans for improvement and further implementation of these and other scenarios in the future are briefly presented.
Christianity’s Historic Roots in the Middle East: Christians at Home in the ‘World of Islam’

The important but neglected Christian heritage in Arabic is highlighted in Griffith’s work on Christian scholars of tenth-century Baghdad, especially the influence of Jews, Christians, and Muslims in translating Greek philosophy into Arabic and Latin. After the fall of Baghdad to the Mongols in 1258, this intellectual activity shifted to Damascus and Cairo. The accumulated pressures of dhimma status gradually brought the demographic decline of the Christian communities from a majority in Abbasid times to demographic insignificance in most of the Middle East by the end of the twentieth century. Nevertheless, historians must note the contributions of the indigenous Jews and Christians in the world of Islam.
On beam design for sparse arrays of subarrays using multi-objective optimization and estimation-theoretic criteria

Compact antenna arrays with a moderately large number of elements (e.g., 16 elements in a 4 × 4 planar configuration) can be realized at low cost at millimeter wave frequencies. This provides the opportunity for cost-effective synthesis of large aperture antenna arrays using sparse placement of such compact "subarrays". In this paper, we investigate the design of arrays of subarrays constructed in this fashion, constraining the number of subarrays and the size of the area over which they are placed, with a view to mitigating the grating lobes created by multi-wavelength separation of the subarrays. We consider multi-objective optimization of directivity, beamwidth, maximum sidelobe level and beam eccentricity. While exhaustive search for the space of optimal solutions is computationally infeasible, we obtain intuitively plausible configurations using simple search strategies for finding local minima. We compare example configurations based on their performance for Direction of Arrival (DoA) estimation.
Building and Plant Simulation Strategies for the Design of Energy Efficient Districts

This paper presents methods and strategies about how to model and simulate and optimize the energy demand and the energy supply of whole urban districts. For this purpose, different specialized modeling and simulation tools with different levels of detail, are combined to a higher strategy. To reach sufficient results for complex urban district models, this can be done for example with a variation in the level of detail of the physics, in the space and time resolution of the model or in the model accuracy. The application of these strategy is demonstrated by an use case of an energy infrastructure system for 2,000 new planned residential buildings in a 35 ha urban district, as a part of a New Town in northern Iran. Four different simulation based energy concepts were developed to obtain a highly primary energy demand and water demand reduction for the urban district. The best scenario demonstrates, that the use of energy efficient technologies together with an intensive usage of renewable energies (mainly solar energy) can reduce the primary energy demand by more than 65 percent and the water demand by more than 80 percent.
Adipokines in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

The pathogenesis of NAFLD and NASH is hastened by a disturbance of adipose secretion, including decreased production of adiponectin and increased production of TNF-α, characteristic of obesity. NASH suppressive effects of the leptin are diminished by its pro-oxidant and fibrogenic properties. Resistin’s involvement in NASH is documented in rodent models, which may not accurately reflect NAFLD in humans. Vaspin, visfatin, apelin, nesfatin, omentin and chemerin require further study in patients with NAFLD and NASH.
Matrices and Linear Equations

This chapter introduces and studies the reduced row-echelon form of a matrix, and applies it to the resolution of linear systems of equations and the computation of the inverse of a matrix. The approach is algorithmic.
Analysis of the Freshmen Alcohol Abuse Program

The aim of this study is to assess outcomes of the Freshmen Alcohol Abuse Program in reducing BAC levels among freshmen students and to describe and learn about the patterns of drinking behaviors. This program is a combination of the “Wanna Know” and “Did You Know” campaigns. The Wanna Know campaign consisted of a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) test with a Breathalyzer® device and an interview with freshmen students on unannounced weekend “partying nights” on a northern California university campus. The interviews and breath tests totaled 1,314 in year one and 1,215 in year two. The Did You Know campaign was the component that focused on distributing social norming messages. Social norming messages were delivered through posters on campus, screensavers in student computing labs, mouse pads, brochures, table tent cards, and t-shirts. These messages were designed to curb drinking by making students aware of the actual drinking norms rather than the students’ perceived norms with the intent that students would adjust to the actual norm, resulting in a reduction in drinking. Results indicated mean BAC levels of .068 in year one and .056 in year two. This represents a drop of .012 BAC, or a 21.4 percent decline from year one to year two.
On the numerical modeling of supercooled micro-droplet impact and freezing on superhydrophobic surfaces

Abstract Most of the ice accretion on airframe is due to supercooled droplets in clouds which are located at altitudes below 2400 m which aircrafts frequently have to pass during takeoff and landing. In the present work, the impact and freezing of a supercooled droplet on a superhydrophobic surface with hysteresis is modeled based on (i) the volume of fluid (VOF) method coupled with a dynamic contact angle model, (ii) the modified momentum and the enthalpy formulation of the energy equations for the phase change during freezing, (iii) the nucleation theory, making use of Gibbs function as an energy barrier to be overcome before the supercooled liquid instantly freezes upon contact with the substrate. The simulation retrieves the characteristic concave ice-shape during droplet freezing, which is also found to promote the contact angle pinning. The solidification time which controls the type of ice is found to evolve exponentially with the droplet maximum spreading diameter. The simulations results agree well with the experimental data of supercooled droplet from the literature. The approach developed in this paper, which accounts for droplet nucleation and freezing mechanism, can be used to model and better understand the impact of supercooled water droplets of various sizes involved in ice accretion on aircraft wings leading edge.
Is Man the Measure of All Things? A Social Cognitive Account of Androcentrism:

Androcentrism refers to the propensity to center society around men and men's needs, priorities, and values and to relegate women to the periphery. Androcentrism also positions men as the gender-neutral standard while marking women as gender-specific. Examples of androcentrism include the use of male terms (e.g., he), images, and research participants to represent everyone. Androcentrism has been shown to have serious consequences. For example, women's health has been adversely affected by over-generalized medical research based solely on male participants. Nonetheless, relatively little is known about androcentrism's proximate psychological causes. In the present review, we propose a social cognitive perspective arguing that both social power and categorization processes are integral to understanding androcentrism. We present and evaluate three possible pathways to androcentrism deriving from (a) men being more frequently instantiated than women, (b) masculinity being more "ideal" than femininity, and/or (c) masculinity being more common than femininity.
“There are so many of them”: Gendered spaces and isolation in Faulkner’s Sanctuary .

Desde sua publicacao em 1931, Santuario de William Faulkner tem causado amplos e contraditorios discursos criticos. Talvez devido ao carater paradoxal da protagonista (ou antagonista, para alguns criticos) Temple Drake, a obra foi caracterizada por muitos teoricos dos anos de 1950 a 1980 como uma metafora entre o bem e o mal. Esses estudiosos caracterizaram Temple Drake como uma mulher cheia de truques sexuais, tentando atrair os homens de com quem se relaciona no obra. Nesse artigo, espacos como Old Frenchman’s Place (a mansao em ruina na qual Goodwin vende bebidas durante a Lei Seca no Estados Unidos), o bordel, o tribunal, entre outros, serao analisados, de modo a ressaltar o carater opressor e misogino desses espacos masculinos na obra de Faulkner. Ademais, sera avaliado como esses espacos contribuem para o isolamento e silenciamento das vozes femininas, especialmente de Temple Drake.
What Is New in Endometriosis?: Best Articles of the Past Year

This month we focus on current research in endometriosis. Dr. Stovall discusses four recent publications, which are concluded with a “bottom-line” that is the take-home message. A complete reference for each can be found in Box 1 on this page along with direct links to the abstracts.
Methanogenic Archaea in Humans and Other Vertebrates: An Update

This article updates a previous one with the same title from 2010. It is not a comprehensive review but a summary of various reports published from 2011 onwards, illustrating advances in the field of methanogens in the microbiota of animals and humans. New data have provided a solid basis to the belief that the gut microbiota of animals and humans plays a key role in health and in various diseases. Efforts were made to elucidate the composition of the microbiota and its changes with age, diet, health status, disease stage, and other host and environmental factors. Also, experiments were conducted to dissect the components of the microbiota and to understand their interactions among themselves and with the immune and chaperoning systems of the host. Methanogenic archaea have been confirmed as an ever present component of the microbiota in animals and humans. In the latter and some animal species, Methanobrevibacter smithii is prevalent, but several other species have been added to the list of archaea inhabiting the various ecosystems in the body of animals and humans. Furthermore, while many studies focused on the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract, others were directed to the identification of methanogenic archaea in other mucosal ecosystems such as the nose and lungs and in the skin. Thus the repertoire of ecosystems in the body that harbor archaea was extended and so was the range of archaeal species that inhabit those ecosystems. The currently known diversity of ecosystems and sub-ecosystems within each of the main ones, e.g., gastrointestinal tract, and of archaeal species that inhabit them seems to represent a small part of the whole, the tip of the iceberg so to speak. It may, therefore, be inferred that the study of archaea pertaining to the physiology and pathology of humans and animals is one that promises a wealth of key results and important contributions to medicine and environmental health.
The local Ginzburg–Rallis model for generic representations

Abstract We consider the local Ginzburg–Rallis model for generic representations. We prove that the summation of the multiplicities is always equal to 1 over every generic L-packet for the p-adic case and real case. This is a sequel work of [Wan15] , [Wan16a] and [Wan16b] in which we considered the p-adic case and the real case for tempered representations, and considered the complex case for generic representations.
Unpacking Participation and Influence: Diversity’s Countervailing Effects on Expertise Use in Groups

Although organizations frequently use groups to solve complex problems, groups often fail to use all available expertise, thus generating suboptimal solutions. To better understand why this occurs,...
Translation is regulated via the 3' untranslated region of alpha-myosin heavy chain mRNA by calcium but not by its localization.

Posttranscriptional regulation plays an important role in α-myosin heavy chain (α-MyHC) protein synthesis in cardiac muscle cells. In the present study, we test the effects of calcium and mRNA mislocalization on α-MyHC translation in order to determine the mechanism(s) contributing to translational block via the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR). Neonatal rat cardiac myocytes were treated for 6 h with L-isoproterenol (10 μM) to enhance beating, with 10 μM verapamil to block beating and mislocalize mRNA, or with 3 μM colchicine to enhance beating but mislocalize mRNA by depolymerization of the microtubules. In order to determine whether translation is regulated by the 3′UTR, either a control (SV40 3′UTR) or the experimental (α-MyHC 3′UTR) was placed after a luciferase reporter gene and transfected into the myocytes. The amount of luciferase protein only decreased significantly in verapamil arrested cells transfected with the α-MyHC 3′UTR construct (P < 0.01). To control for the possibility that pharmacological treatments might affect transcription or message stability, we analyzed neomycin and luciferase mRNA levels transcribed from the same transfected plasmid. No significant changes were found with an RNase protection assay. These results suggest that calcium but not mRNA localization regulates protein synthesis and further, this is mediated by the 3′ untranslated region of α-MyHC.
Impact of body composition on outcomes from anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) treatment.

9516Background: Obesity is associated with improved outcomes in melanoma patients (pts) treated with PD-1, whereas low muscle mass, known as sarcopenia, has been associated with poor outcomes in ma...