cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Provocation of esophageal pain by ergonovine or edrophonium

Abstract Ten patients with anginal symptoms and ergonovine-induced chest pain without coronary artery spasm had esophageal manometry with provocative pharmacologic testing. Increased amplitude of esophageal contractions on baseline manometry (68.2 ± 10.3 mmHg) was the only characteristic discriminating these patients from normals (40.9 ± 6.3 mmHg) and from patients with esophageal motility disorders (39.6 ± 7.5 mmHg). The administration of ergonovine or edrophonium provoked typical chest pain in association with high amplitude, long duration, and repetitive esophageal contractions in all 10 patients. Patients with esophageal motor disorders showed a similar, but less marked esophageal response with pain infrequently produced. Normals showed no response to ergonovine, and a minimal response to edrophonium, but without chest pain. Clinical features of patients with ergonovine-induced chest pain could not distinguish them from patients with coronary artery disease; esophageal symptoms were infrequent and mild. These studies suggest that certain patients with chest pain of esophageal origin may be identified only by provocative testing during esophageal manometry. However, these provocative drugs may also induce coronary artery spasm and should not be used during routine clinical manometry.
DETECTION OF VISIBLE AND LATENT FINGERPRINTS BY MICRO-X-RAY FLUORESCENCE

Numerous methods are available to forensic scientists for detecting fingerprints in which the prints are treated with various agents to enhance the visual contrast between the print and the surface. In the present work, the spatial elemental imaging capabilities of micro-X-ray fluorescence (MXRF) were used to visualize fingerprint patterns based on inorganic elements present in the prints. A major advantage of using MXRF is that the prints are left unaltered for other analyses such as DNA extraction or for archiving. Most of the fingerprints which were examined were imaged from the potassium and chlorine present in the print residue. Among the various prints studied, lower count rates were also observed in the elemental maps of Ca, Al, Na, Mg, Si, P, S, and the X-ray source scatter. A sebaceous oily fingerprint left by one subject was successfully imaged by MXRF, but sebaceous prints left by a different person were undetectable, indicating print elemental composition may be person and/or diet dependent. Prints containing substances that might be found in real world cases were also visualized including sweat, lotion, saliva, and sunscreen.
Spectrally Efficient Frequency Hopping System Design under Hostile Jamming

This paper considers spectrally efficient anti-jamming system design based on message-driven frequency hopping (MDFH). As a highly efficient frequency hopping scheme, MDFH is particularly robust under strong jamming. However, disguised jamming from sources of similar power strength can cause performance losses. To overcome this drawback, in this paper, we first propose an anti-jamming MDFH (AJ-MDFH) system. The main idea is to transmit an ID sequence along with the information stream. The ID sequence is generated through a cryptographic algorithm using the shared secret between the transmitter and the receiver. It is then exploited by the receiver for effective signal detection and extraction. It is shown that AJ-MDFH is not only robust under strong jamming, but can also effectively reduce the performance degradation caused by disguised jamming. Second, we extend AJ-MDFH to a multi-carrier scheme for higher spectral efficiency and more robust jamming resistance. Based on secure group generation, MC-AJ-MDFH can increase the system efficiency and jamming resistance significantly through jamming randomization and enriched frequency diversity. Moreover, by assigning different carriers to different users, MC-AJ-MDFH can readily be used as a collision-free multiple access system. Simulation examples are provided to illustrate the performance of the proposed approaches.
Sovereignties (Once Again) in Question

Globalization and Sovereignty. By John Agnew. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2009. 216 pp., $26.95 paperback (ISBN-13: 978-0-742-55678-2). Terror and Territory: The Spatial Extent of Sovereignty. By Elden Stuart. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 2009. 304 pp., $25.00 paperback (ISBN-13: 978-0-816-65484-0). Sovereignty and the Limits of the Liberal Imagination. By G. Nelson Scott. New York: Routledge, 2009. 206 pp., $130.00 hardcover (ISBN-13: 978-0-415-77784-1). The judge placed his hands on the ground. He looked at his inquisitor. This is my claim, he said. And yet everywhere upon it are pockets of autonomous life. Autonomous. In order for it to be mine nothing must be permitted to occur upon it save by my dispensation. (McCarthy 1985:199) Contemporary scholars of global politics, it needs be said, are awash in sovereignties. Beset by suspicions that global connections have eroded sovereignty—that, given international legal norms, trade relations, global flows of people, etc. —“we cannot presume “the absolute and perpetual power of a commonwealth” as Bodin (1992:1) once did. For some, sovereignty became fractured and proportional; states could enjoy varying degrees of sovereignty, which fundamentally changed the concept. In a lucid attempt to address the confusion, Steven Krasner opened up the term, offering four different meanings of sovereignty—all descriptors of authority which are neither logically nor empirically coupled (Krasner 1999:9). By 2000, Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri were transforming sovereignty into a series of imperial, disciplinary, capitalist, and network practices, all given the name Empire . In short, we seem to have replaced Bodin's sovereign absolute with a series of contending, overlapping sovereignties. Despite all of this, whenever I read new contributions to our understandings of sovereignty, my thoughts drift back to one of the English language's most monstrous literary creations. It is not, as the reader might suspect, Hobbes's Leviathan, but instead Cormac McCarthy's Judge Holden—the desert-crossing philosopher/beast from Blood Meridian. Both violence and desire personified, one of Judge Holden's hobbies was to kill birds and to make detailed notes and sketches of the species he had found. When queried about his purpose, he claims that he wishes to become suzerain of the Earth—”…a special kind of keeper. A suzerain rules even where there are other rules. …
On the efficient gathering of sufficient statistics for classification from large SQL databases

For a wide variety of classification algorithms, scalability to large databases can be achieved by observing that most algorithms are driven by a set of sufficient statistics that are significantly smaller than the data. By relying on a SQL backend to compute the sufficient statistics, we leverage the query processing system of SQL databases and avoid the need for moving data to the client. We present a new SQL operator (Unpivot) that enables efficient gathering of statistics with minimal changes to the SQL backend. Our approach results in significant increase in performance without requiring any changes to the physical layout of the data. We show analytically how this approach outperforms an alternative that requires changing in the data layout. We also compare effect of data representation and show that a "dense" representation may be preferred to a "sparse" one, even when the data are fairly sparse.
The behavioral pharmacology of Ay‐27,110, a novel nonergot dopaminergic agonist

AY-27,110 is the pharmacologically active enantiomer of a troponylpiperazine derivative. At low doses, the compound induced contralateral rotational behavior in rats with a unilateral 6-OHDA lesion of the nigrostriatal pathway, at higher doses it caused weak stereotypy and in dogs in elicited emesis. The actions of AY-27,110 were dose-dependently antagonized by haloperidol and pimozide, but were not diminished by α-MPT or reserpine pretreatment. These results indicate that AY-27,110 is a chemically novel dopaminergic agonist that should be useful as an anti-parkinson drug. Since the effects of AY-27,110 are independent of intact catecholamine synthesis and storage mechanisms, the compound should be efficacious in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease. AY-27,110 was compared to several ergot-derived dopamine agonists, namely bromocriptine, lisuride, and pergolide, in order to predict its potency, side-effect liability, and potential therapeutic advantages.
High-Resolution Simulation of Hurricane Bonnie 1998, Part 1: The Organization of Vertical Motion

The fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research (PSU– NCAR) Mesoscale Model (MM5) is used to simulate Hurricane Bonnie at high resolution (2-km spacing) in order to examine how vertical wind shear impacts the distribution of vertical motion in the eyewall on both the storm and cloud scale. As in many previous studies, it is found here that the shear produces a wavenumber-1 asymmetry in the time-averaged vertical motion and rainfall. Several mechanisms for this asymmetry are evaluated. The vertical motion asymmetry is qualitatively consistent with an assumed balance between horizontal vorticity advection by the relative flow and stretching of vorticity, with relative asymmetric inflow (convergence) at low levels and outflow (divergence) at upper levels on the downshear side of the eyewall. The simulation results also show that the upward motion portion of the eyewall asymmetry is located in the direction of vortex tilt, consistent with the vertical motion that required to maintain dynamic balance. Variations in the direction and magnitude of the tilt are consistent with the presence of a vortex Rossby wave quasi mode, which is characterized by a damped precession of the upper vortex relative to the lower vortex. While the time-averaged vertical motion is characterized by ascent in a shear-induced wavenumber-1 asymmetry, the instantaneous vertical motion is typically associated with deep updraft towers that generally form on the downtilt-right side of the eyewall and dissipate on the downtilt-left side. The updrafts towers are typically associated with eyewall mesovortices rotating cyclonically around the eyewall and result from an interaction between the shear-induced relative asymmetric flow and the cyclonic circulations of the mesovortices. The eyewall mesovortices may persist for more than one orbit around the eyewall and, in these cases, can initiate multiple episodes of upward motion.
Estimating capacity for sharing in a privately owned workstation environment

The author analyzes workstation patterns in order to understand opportunities for exploiting idle capacity. This study is based on traces of users workstation activity in a university environment. It identifies two areas where enhancements can be made. One area is the ability of a manager of the shared capacity of a workstation cluster to schedule jobs with deadline constraints. This opportunity is the result of the ability to make good predictions of the time-varying amount of capacity that is available for sharing. A prediction strategy is developed that is shown to have only a small amount of error. For the second area of enhancement, it is shown that it is feasible to allocate partitions of workstations for specific periods. This aids those users who on occasion need exclusive access to several machines. The author examines the profile of periods during which exclusive access to partitions can be given, the rate that owners preempt users of partitions, and the distribution of interpreemption intervals. >
1/f noise considerations for the design and process optimization of piezoresistive cantilevers

Piezoresistive cantilevers are limited by two major noise sources: Johnson noise, which is independent of frequency, and conductance fluctuation noise, which has a 1/f spectrum. The 1/f fluctuations of piezoresistive cantilevers are shown to vary inversely with the total number of carriers in the piezoresistor, as formulated by Hooge in 1969. Therefore, while 1/f noise is reduced for large heavily doped cantilevers, sensitivity considerations favor thin lightly doped cantilevers. Balancing these conflicting constraints produces optima for many design and processing parameters. For a cantilever with specified spring constant and bandwidth requirements, optima are identified for the beam thickness and length, and it is shown that the legs should be between 1/3 and 2/3 of the total length with a doping depth that is 1/3 of the beam thickness. Additionally, an optimal doping concentration is identified as a function of the cantilever volume and the measurement bandwidth. Annealing reduces 1/f noise, but causes a loss in sensitivity due to dopant diffusion, and an optimal anneal is computed with a typical diffusion length 10/sup -8/ cm. The analysis, methods, and some of the conclusions of this paper are also applicable to other types of piezoresistive sensors.
Enhanced Sensitivity to IL-2 Signaling Regulates the Clinical Responsiveness of IL-12–Primed CD8+ T Cells in a Melanoma Model

The optimal expansion, trafficking, and function of adoptively transferred CD8+ T cells are parameters that currently limit the effectiveness of antitumor immunity to established tumors. In this study, we addressed the mechanisms by which priming of self tumor-associated Ag-specific CD8+ T cells influenced antitumor functionality in the presence of the inflammatory cytokine IL-12. In vitro priming of mouse tumor-specific CD8+ T cells in the presence of IL-12 induced a diverse and rapid antitumor effector activity while still promoting the generation of memory cells. Importantly, IL-12–primed effector T cells dramatically reduced the growth of well-established s.c. tumors and significantly increased survival to highly immune resistant, established intracranial tumors. Control of tumor growth by CD8+ T cells was dependent on IL-12–mediated upregulation of the high-affinity IL-2R (CD25) and a subsequent increase in the sensitivity to IL-2 stimulation. Finally, IL-12–primed human PBMCs generated tumor-specific T cells both phenotypically and functionally similar to IL-12–primed mouse tumor-specific T cells. These results highlight the ability of IL-12 to obviate the strict requirement for administering high levels of IL-2 during adoptive cell transfer-mediated antitumor responses. Furthermore, acquisition of a potent effector phenotype independent of cytokine support suggests that IL-12 could be added to adoptive cell transfer clinical strategies in cancer patients.
Civil-Military Relations and Argentine Democracy: The Armed Forces under the Menem Government

The past decade marks a watershed in Argentine civil-military relations. The country, an almost classic case of twentieth-century praetorianism, now has an historic opportunity to assert civilian control over the armed forces. This improvement in the prospects for civilian control of the armed forces may not be evident at first since the accession of the current president, Carlos Menem (1989-) was marked by an apparently dramatic retreat in the government's relations with the armed forces. While Menem's predecessor, Raul Alfonsin (1983-1989), pursued a policy which included prosecution of military human rights violators, Menem made an abrupt about-face. He granted a general pardon to those same military officers. However, this trade-off has given the government the freedom to assert a degree of civilian control over the armed forces hitherto lacking in range of important military policies in which the previous government had been largely stalemated by armed forces resistance. The threat of substantial pol...
Optimal control of bivariate linear Volterra integral type systems

Quadratic optimal control of bivariate and multivariate linear Volterra integral type systems is investigated using a semicausality approach. Closed-loop syntheses can be realized by linear feedback of the semicausal trajectory with the feedback operator determined by solving a linear integral equation.
Viral Infections of the Newborn

Viral infections of the newborn result in significant morbidity and mortality each year. The fetus and newborn are particularly wlnerable to viral infection. The range of expression may vary from no clinical disease to devastating illness and infection occurring before, during, or after birth. Nursing management is determined by the specific viral infection, the severity of the illness, and the unique conditions of the newborn and his/her family. Promising new therapies are on the horizon that may lessen the severity of viral disease. Until such time, the major thrusts of management of neonatal viral disease are prevention of infection and supportive care for the acutely ill newborn.
Measurement of Serum Lithium by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

Lithium concentrations in the serum of patients undergoing therapy with lithium salts were measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Serum was diluted 10-fold with water. Physiological amounts of sodium and potassium were included in the blank and standard solutions because these cations enhance the lithium signal by 2%. Calcium, magnesium, bicarbonate, sulfate, and phosphate at the concentrations found in serum were without effect. Protein clogging of the triple-slot Boling burner was not observed. The relative standard deviation of within-run variability was 0.6% ( n = 20 and x = 0.88 mEq/liter), and of daily precision, tested over a month, it was 2.5% ( n = 30, x = 0.91 mEq/liter). Recovery of 1.00 mEq of lithium added per liter of serum ranged from 97 to 103%, averaging 99.8%.
Sex stereotypes: an artifact in leader behavior and subordinate satisfaction analysis?

Data from two organizations revealed no consistent effect of leader sex on either leader behavior or subordinate satisfaction. The results fit a pattern of research evidence that shows sex stereoty...
Discussion of “Interaction between Laterally Loaded Pile and Surrounding Soil” by Hai Lin, Lusu Ni, Muhannad T. Suleiman, and Anne Raich

First of all, the discussers would like to congratulate the authors for producing a significant amount of good quality data, always useful for checking assumptions and methods. In particular, the use of tactile pressure sheets, despite some shortcomings, opens new possibilities for measurements of stresses in some special conditions and applications. However, a number of points in the paper need further clarification and/or complementation, as stated as follows: 1. Concerning the Broms’s (1964) method in the case of sands, it is said in the paper that it assumes that the pile rotates around its tip and the ultimate soil pressure equals three times the passive pressure. This is not strictly true. In fact, Broms (1964) clearly indicates (Fig. 1) that the center of rotation is not at the toe of the pile. Broms (1964, p. 137) says that “Failure takes place when the pile rotates as a unit around a point located below the ground surface.” Also, “high negative earth pressures develop close to the toe of the laterally loaded pile and it has been assumed for the purpose of analysis that this pressure can be replaced by a concentrated load as shown in Fig. 5(b)” (Fig. 2). In other words, Broms did not assume that the pile rotates around its toe, this was a simplification to derive a simple solution. 2. The authors claimed the measurement of circumferential stresses for the first time. Although their contribution is very significant because they have made a detailed picture of those stresses, reference should have been made to Bierschwale et al. (1981), who measured the stresses around the periphery of a drilled shaft, 915 mm in diameter and 4.6 m in length, embedded into a predominantly clay soil. In addition to installing cells in the vertical direction, three total stress cells were placed in
Human corpus luteum: immunocytochemical localization of epidermal growth factor.

Six corpora lutea (day 17 to day 25) of the menstrual cycle and four ovarian stromal tissues from seven cycling women were examined for the presence of epidermal growth factor (EGF) by immunocytochemistry with the use of the indirect peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) procedure. After tissue sections of 4 μ m were mounted, endogenous peroxidases were removed with hydrogen peroxide, and the sections were incubated for 1 hour at room temperature followed by 16 hours at 4°C with a highly specific antisera for mouse EGF (mEGF), nonimmunized normal rabbit serum, or antiserum preadsorbed with excess antigen. After the reaction with the second antibody (goat antirabbit IgG) for 1 hour at room temperature, the peptide was localized by use of PAP and 3.3′ -diaminobenzidine as the chromogen. EGF could be localized in the luteal cells of five corpora lutea (day 17 to day 25) but not in a corpus luteum of day 22 and all ovarian stromal tissue examined. The localization of immunoreactive EGF in the human corpus luteum demonstrates directly for the first time the presence of this growth-promoting peptide in this tissue, which suggests its local production.
The role of AHR-inducible cytochrome P450s in metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids

The environmental pollutant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-ρ-dioxin (TCDD) is the prototype of a large number of non-genotoxic carcinogens, dietary phytochemicals and endogenous metabolites that act via binding the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). The TCDD-liganded AHR massively upregulates CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B1 in many mammalian organs. We demonstrated that TCDD treatment markedly increases the levels of several epoxides and diol metabolites of the epoxides of both ω-6 and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the liver and lungs of mice, in an aryl hydrocarbon receptor-dependent fashion, and most likely via the activities of the CYP1 family members. ω-6 Epoxides are known to stimulate tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis in mice. Interestingly, ω-3 epoxides have the opposite effect on these parameters. TCDD and other AHR agonists may, therefore, impact angiogenesis, growth and metastasis of tumors in either a positive or negative way, depending on the relative levels of ω -6 epoxides and ω-3 epoxides generated in the host and/or tumor cells. This is of potential relevance to carcinogenesis by AHR agonists in the human, since the human population is exposed to widely varying ω-6: ω-3 PUFA ratios in the diet.
Unhealthy alcohol use in primary care patients who screen positive for drug use.

ABSTRACTBackground: Unhealthy alcohol use (UAU) is common among people who use other drugs; however, little information is available about UAU among patients who screen positive for drugs in primary care, where the clinical priority might be assumed to be drug use. This study aimed at describing the occurrence of UAU and its association with substance use–related outcomes in such patients. Methods: This cohort study is a secondary analysis of data from a randomized trial of brief intervention for primary care patients screening positive for drug use. UAU was assessed at baseline; the main independent variable was any heavy drinking day in the past month. Outcomes including drug use characteristics and substance use–related consequences were assessed at baseline and 6 months later. Results: Of 589 primary care patients with drug use, 48% had at least 1 past-month heavy drinking day. The self-identified main drug was marijuana for 64%, cocaine for 18%, and an opioid for 16%. Any heavy drinking at baseline w...
ALGEBRAS OF GERMS OF FOURIER TRANSFORMS

A(G) is a subalgebra of the algebra C(G) of all continuous complex valued functions on G with pointwise operations. Let I 0 (G) be the ideal of functions in A(G) that vanish on a neighborhood, depending upon the function, of the identity 0 in G . It is known that if G and G' are locally isomorphic groups then the respective algebra of germs A (G)/ I 0 ( G ) and A(G') / I 0 ( G') are isomorphic. Spector observed that this is so in case the algebra of germs is isomorphic with the complex field, that is, the group must then be discrete. This chapter presents a proof that for a locally connected metrizable group G , if A(G) / I 0 (G) is isomorphic with A(T n ) / I0(T n ) , then G is locally isomorphic with T n . The technique of the proof is to show that if A{G) / I 0 (G) is isomorphic with A(T n ) / I 0 (T n ), then G is n -dimensional. The known structure theorem for the component of the identity of such a group yields the desired local isomorphism. Thus, the technique consists of extracting information about the topology of G from the algebraic structure of A(G) / I 0 (G), and it provides a partial solution of Kahane's problem when the topology of G in a neighborhood of 0 determines its local group structure.
Point A vs. HR-CTV D90 in MRI-based cervical brachytherapy of small and large lesions.

Purpose To evaluate the dosimetric benefits of MRI-based brachytherapy in small and large high-risk clinical target volume (HR-CTV) in cervical cancer. Methods and Materials Twenty-eight fractions obtained from sixteen cervical cancer patients treated with MRI-based high-dose-rate brachytherapy with standard tandem and ovoid applicators were used; original fractions were optimized to HR-CTV D90. Fractions were separated based on the median volume into small and large (HR-CTV 25 cm3) lesion groups. Retrospective plans prescribed to Point A were created for each fraction. D0.1 cc, D2 cc, and International Commission of Radiation Unit and Measurements (ICRU) points were used to compare Point A vs. HR-CTV D90 plans for bladder, rectum, and sigmoid. Results In the small lesion group, Point A plans vs. HR-CTV D90 plans had significantly higher D0.1 cc, D2 cc, and ICRU points for bladder, rectum, and sigmoid (p < 0.05). In the large lesion group, there was no significant difference between Point A and HR-CTV D90 plans for D0.1 cc, D2 cc, and ICRU points to the organs at risk (OARs). Conclusions The dosimetric advantages to OARs offered by MRI-based brachytherapy with prescription to HR-CTV D90 compared to Point A is most distinct for patients with smaller HR-CTV ( 25 cm3. Incorporation of interstitial needles for patients with larger HR-CTV is likely the best method to decrease dose to OARs and improve tumor coverage.
Optimal Design Of Drug Dosage Regimens

Optimal dosing of potentially toxic drugs implies precise achievement of specific thera utic goals. It uses a population model of the behavior orthe drug, and of the relationships between serum levels of the drug and its clinical effect. It also employs feedback. One designs a regimen to optimize a performance criterion, and explores future dosing and sampling scenarios in advance to optimize the process of learning about the patient's model while having to treat him at the same time. Supported by RR01629.
Advancing the AirMOSS P-Band Radar Root Zone Soil Moisture Retrieval Algorithm via Incorporation of Richards’ Equation

P-band radar remote sensing applied during the Airborne Microwave Observatory of Subcanopy and Subsurface (AirMOSS) mission has shown great potential for estimation of root zone soil moisture. When retrieving the soil moisture profile (SMP) from P-band radar, a mathematical function describing the vertical moisture distribution is required. Because only a limited number of observations are available, the number of free parameters of the mathematical model must not exceed the number of observed data. For example, a second order polynomial that contains 3 free parameters was presumed based on in-situ SMP data. The polynomial is currently parameterized based on 3 backscatter observations provided by AirMOSS (i.e. one frequency at three polarizations of HH, VV and HV). In this paper, a more realistic, physically-based SMP model containing 3 free parameters is derived based on a solution to Richards' equation for unsaturated flow in soils. Evaluation of the new SMP model based on both numerical simulations and measured data revealed that it exhibits greater flexibility for fitting measured and simulated SMPs than the currently applied polynomial. It is also demonstrated that the new SMP model can be reduced to a second order polynomial at the expense of fitting accuracy.
HESDK: a hybrid approach to extracting scientific domain knowledge entities

We investigate a variant of the problem of automatic keyphrase extraction from scientific documents which we define as Scientific Domain Knowledge Entity (SDKE) extraction. Keyphrases are noun phrases important to the documents themselves. In contrasxt, an SDKE is text that refers to a concept and can be classified as a process, material, task, dataset etc. A SDKE represents domain knowledge, but is not necessarily important to the document it is in. Supervised keyphrase extraction algorithms using non-sequential classifiers and global measures of informativeness (PMI, tf-idf) have been used for this task. Another approach is to use sequential labeling algorithms with local context from a sentence, as done in the named entity recognition. We show that these two methods can complement each other and a simple merging can improve the extraction accuracy by 5--7 percentiles. We further propose several heuristics to improve the extraction accuracy. Our preliminary experiments suggest that it is possible to improve the accuracy of the sequential learner itself by utilizing the predictions of the non-sequential model.
Protecting Women from the Negative Effects of Body Dissatisfaction: The Role of Differentiation of Self

ABSTRACTBody dissatisfaction is a prevalent and concerning issue among college age women. Due to its strong association with eating pathology, identification of moderating variables is a crucial line of inquiry. The present study investigated the ability for an intrapersonal differentiation-of-self variable (“I” position) to attenuate the impact of body dissatisfaction on anorexia and bulimia symptoms among college women participants. Study findings indicated that an “I” position moderated the body dissatisfaction-bulimia relationship and the body dissatisfaction-anorexia relationship. These findings signified the protective influence of a high “I” position for women with high levels of body dissatisfaction. Research and therapeutic implications are discussed.
Blood Pressure Status in Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer: A Report from the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study.

Background: Hypertension potentiates cardiovascular risk in survivors of childhood cancer previously exposed to cardiotoxic therapies, so it is important to determine the prevalence and risk factors for hypertensive blood pressure in this high-risk group. Methods: Participants included 3,016 adult 10-year survivors of childhood cancer who had resting blood pressure measurements performed at St. Jude Children9s Research Hospital (Memphis, TN). We characterized the blood pressure status of participants, calculated standardized prevalence ratios based on U.S. population rates, and examined demographic and treatment factors associated with hypertensive blood pressure using logistic regression. Results: The age-specific cumulative prevalence of hypertension in survivors increased sharply with age, exceeding 70% by age 50, and was substantially higher in all diagnosis groups than expected on the basis of age-, sex-, race/ethnicity-, and BMI-specific population rates. Specific cancer treatments were not significantly associated with hypertension, with the exception of nephrectomy (OR, 1.68; 95% confidence interval, 1.11–2.53). Previously undiagnosed hypertensive blood pressure was identified in 8% of survivors, and uncontrolled hypertension in 22% of those with a previous hypertension diagnosis. In a subset ( n = 1,185) with longitudinal blood pressure measurements (mean interval, 3.6 years), 5% and 21% of participants with previously normal blood pressure developed hypertensive and prehypertensive blood pressure, respectively. Conclusions: Survivors of childhood cancer have a higher prevalence of hypertension compared with the general population, and many have uncontrolled hypertension that may exacerbate treatment-related cardiovascular risks. Impact: Our results suggest enhanced clinical attention to blood pressure status is warranted in all survivors, regardless of diagnosis or cancer treatment. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(12); 1705–13. ©2017 AACR .
Usability of Online Health Information for People with Disabilities

Current issues around the usability of online health information for people with disabilities are to be presented and discussed. This includes a review of the current literature relevant to this area, a review of the current methodology for assessing Web usability, and a proposed model for addressing these issues to increase the access to online health information by people with disabilities, in particular for those with cognitive impairments. Available preliminary data will also be presented.
Towards a dialogue of sustainable agriculture and end-times theology in the United States: insights from the historical ecology of nineteenth century millennial communes

Almost one-third of all U.S. Americans believe that Jesus Christ will return to Earth in the next 40 years, thereby signaling the end of the world. The prevalence of this end-times theology has meant that sustainability initiatives are often met with indifference, resistance, or even hostility from a significant portion of the American population. One of the ways that the scientific community can respond to this is by making scientific discourse, particularly as related to sustainability, more palatable to end-times believers. In this paper, I apply a historical–ecological framework, which emphasizes the interdisciplinary study of landscapes to understand long-term human–environment interactions, to three millennial religious groups that formed communes in nineteenth century America. The Shakers, Inspirationalists, and Mormons all blended deep beliefs in end-times theology with agricultural practices that were arguably more sustainable than those in use in the mainstream, and their ability to reconcile eschatology with sustainability provides us with potential lessons. By examining the history, doctrines, and agroecology of these nineteenth century communes, I propose communication strategies based in autonomy, institutional support, multigenerational narratives, and anthropocentricism as potential pathways for a more productive dialogue between advocates of sustainability initiatives and end-times believers in the modern United States.
Femoral Nerve Entrapment

The femoral nerve originates from the lumbar plexus from the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th roots. In its course to the lower extremity, it has an intra-abdominal portion, after which it passes beneath the inguinal ligament with several areas of vulnerability to entrapment.
Evaluation of a Visual–Tactile Multimodal Display for Surface Obstacle Avoidance During Walking

The future of human space exploration will involve extra-vehicular activities (EVAs) on foreign planetary surfaces (i.e., Mars), an activity that will have significantly different characteristics than exploration scenarios on Earth. These activities become challenging due to restricted vision and limitations placed on sensory feedback from altered gravity and the space suit. The use of a bulky, pressurized EVA suit perceptually disconnects human explorers from the hostile environment, increasing navigation workload and the risk of collision associated with traversing through unfamiliar terrain. Multimodal displays are considered as a means to provide information to the astronaut as cues to multiple sensory modalities enhance cognitive processing through taking advantage of multiple sensory resources, and are believed to communicate the risk more efficiently than unimodal cues. This paper presents a wearable multimodal interface system to examine human performance when visual, vibratory, and visual–vibratory cues are provided to aid in ground obstacle avoidance. The wearable system applies vibrotactile cues to the feet and visual cues through augmented reality glasses to convey obstacle location and proximity. Participants ( n = 16) performed an overground obstacle avoidance task with the multimodal device. Performance metrics included completion time, subjective workload, head-down time, collisions, as well as gait parameters. Results indicate that information displays enhance task performance, with the visual-only display promoting the least head-down time over tactile-only or visual–tactile displays. Head-down time was the highest for trials without a display. Results provide implications for presenting information during physically active tasks such as suited obstacle avoidance.
Challenges to Learning and Teaching Thermodynamics

Thermodynamics challenges teachers and learners. Its pervasiveness about nature, mathematical abstractness, nonnumerical relations, and complexity in applications can inhibit understanding and usage, especially by undergraduates. Perspectives are given about these obstacles, and some suggestions are made to enhance comprehension of the discipline.
Predictive role of CT texture analysis in patients with metastatic urothelial cancer treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.

424Background: Reliable biomarkers to predict response of urothelial cancer to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors are still being investigated. Texture analysis represents underlying tumor heterogeneity and may...
Walls and Fences: A Journey Through History and Economics

Throughout history, border walls and fences have been built for defense, to claim land, to signal power, and to control migration. The costs of fortifications are large while the benefits are questionable. The recent trend of building walls and fences signals a paradox: In spite of the anti-immigration rhetoric of policymakers, there is little evidence that walls are effective in reducing terrorism, migration, and smuggling. Economic research suggests large benefits to open border policies in the face of increasing global migration pressures. Less restrictive migration policies should be accompanied by institutional changes aimed at increasing growth, improving security, and reducing income inequality in poorer countries.
Repeal the Jones Act for American Energy

The antiquated Jones Act is preventing Americans from receiving energy produced by American innovation in oil and gas production. It places limits on shipping oil and gas to customers in U.S. ports, forcing American companies to send low-cost oil and gas to consumers abroad. The Jones Act raise prices for American consumers and American companies and should be repealed for shipments of oil and gas and energy equipment. The Merchant Marine Act of 1920, colloquially known as the Jones Act, requires that shipments between two U.S. ports be on U.S.-built, U.S.-manned, and U.S. owned vessels. There is no such requirement when a shipment goes from a U.S. port to a foreign port or vice versa — any ship can make that trip. As a result, when there is a spike in demand for sea transport, there is often a shortage of U.S.-built ships to move products from U.S. sellers to buyers in a U.S. port, and it is much cheaper to simply ship U.S. products to foreign buyers in foreign ports. This problem is particularly acute in rapidly shifting energy markets: as a result of the recent U.S. oil boom, it now costs three times as much to ship oil from Texas to refineries on the U.S. East Coast as it costs to ship oil further to refineries in Canada. In the coming decades, North American energy markets will keep shifting more and more rapidly as a result of new technologies and increasing international trade in energy. The Jones Act will prevent American companies from adapting to these shifts because it takes years to build new ships and train new workers. So while the rest of the world will be able to respond to changing markets, U.S. energy producers will be held back.
Neonatal thrombosis after antenatal treatment of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia with intravenous immunoglobulin

Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT) may lead to serious complications, including perinatal intracranial hemorrhage and death. Mothers with a history of previously affected pregnancies should receive antenatal treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), which can be associated with toxicities including thrombosis. An infant born to a mother treated with IVIG and steroids was diagnosed with an inferior vena cava thrombus shortly after birth, was anticoagulated and recovered. Thus, this side effect can be seen, and should be considered, in infants of NAIT-affected pregnancies treated with IVIG.
The Endrew Decision’s Impact on the Education of Students With Autism: Implications for Practice and Policy:

In 2017, the U.S. Supreme Court provided a ruling regarding what constitutes an appropriate education for students with disabilities in Endrew v. Douglas County. The case concerned a student with a...
Utilizing genomic profiling in a patient with a thoracic malignancy of uncertain primary: case report

Carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) is estimated to be 2% of diagnosed cancers. In the era of precision medicine, we are able to use more tools to identify a possible source of primary, direct potential treatments as well as provide prognostic information by use of molecular characteristics of the tumor. Here we provide a case of a 62-year-old woman with a remote stage I left sided colon adenocarcinoma s/p hemicolectomy who presented predominantly with a lung mass. Immunohistochemistry of the diagnostic tissue was suggestive of a primary but with the help of molecular profiling, more information was obtained and patient is being currently treated with a durable response. With our case as an example, we review some of the literature on additional molecular tests available to better define CUP and suggest some changes to European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) algorithm for evaluation of CUP.
3PXNet: Pruned-Permuted-Packed XNOR Networks for Edge Machine Learning

As the adoption of Neural Networks continues to proliferate different classes of applications and systems, edge devices have been left behind. Their strict energy and storage limitations make them unable to cope with the sizes of common network models. While many compression methods such as precision reduction and sparsity have been proposed to alleviate this, they don’t go quite far enough. To push size reduction to its absolute limits, we combine binarization with sparsity in Pruned-Permuted-Packed XNOR Networks (3PXNet), which can be efficiently implemented on even the smallest of embedded microcontrollers. 3PXNets can reduce model sizes by up to 38X and reduce runtime by up to 3X compared with already compact conventional binarized implementations with less than 3% accuracy reduction. We have created the first software implementation of sparse-binarized Neural Networks, released as open source library targeting edge devices. Our library is complete with training methodology and model generating scripts, making it easy and fast to deploy.
A Mixture of Experts Approach for Low-Cost DNN Customization

Editor’s notes: This article introduces a novel architecture for local learning, namely mixture of experts (MoEs), to customize a deep neural network (DNN) that is deployed on an edge device with performance improvement and low implementation overhead. — Deming Chen, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
PKA functions in metabolism and resistance to obesity: lessons from mouse and human studies

Both direct and indirect evidence demonstrate a central role for the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) signaling pathway in the regulation of energy balance and metabolism across multiple systems. However, the ubiquitous pattern of PKA expression across cell types poses a challenge in pinpointing its tissue-specific regulatory functions and further characterizing its many downstream effects in certain organs or cells. Mouse models of PKA deficiency and over-expression and studies in living cells have helped clarify PKA function in adipose tissue (AT), liver, adrenal, pancreas, and specific brain nuclei, as they pertain to energy balance and metabolic dysregulation. Limited studies in humans suggest differential regulation of PKA in AT of obese compared to lean individuals and an overall dysregulation of PKA signaling in obesity. Despite its complexity, under normal physiologic conditions, the PKA system is tightly regulated by changes in cAMP concentrations upstream via adenylate cyclase and downstream by phosphodiesterase-mediated cAMP degradation to AMP and by changes in PKA holoenzyme stability. Adjustments in the PKA system appear to be important to the development and maintenance of the obese state and its associated metabolic perturbations. In this review we discuss the important role of PKA in obesity and its involvement in resistance to obesity, through studies in humans and in mouse models, with a focus on the regulation of PKA in energy expenditure, intake behavior, and lipid and glucose metabolism.
Abstract TP176: Risk Factors and Clinical Significances of the Quantitative CTA Vascular Calcification in Ischemic Stroke Patients

Background and Purpose: Intracranial arterial calcification is a marker of atherosclerosis burden in the general population. The aim of the study is to investigate risk factor profiles of vascular ...
3'READS + RIP defines differential Staufen1 binding to alternative 3'UTR isoforms and reveals structures and sequence motifs influencing binding and polysome association

Staufen1 (STAU1) is an RNA-binding protein (RBP) that interacts with double-stranded RNA structures and has been implicated in regulating different aspects of mRNA metabolism. Previous studies have indicated that STAU1 interacts extensively with RNA structures in coding regions (CDSs) and 3'-untranslated regions (3'UTRs). In particular, duplex structures formed within 3'UTRs by inverted-repeat Alu elements (IRAlus) interact with STAU1 through its double-stranded RNA-binding domains (dsRBDs). Using 3' region extraction and deep sequencing coupled to ribonucleoprotein immunoprecipitation (3'READS + RIP), together with reanalyzing previous STAU1 binding and RNA structure data, we delineate STAU1 interactions transcriptome-wide, including binding differences between alternative polyadenylation (APA) isoforms. Consistent with previous reports, RNA structures are dominant features for STAU1 binding to CDSs and 3'UTRs. Overall, relative to short 3'UTR counterparts, longer 3'UTR isoforms of genes have stronger STAU1 binding, most likely due to a higher frequency of RNA structures, including specific IRAlus sequences. Nevertheless, a sizable fraction of genes express transcripts showing the opposite trend, attributable to AU-rich sequences in their alternative 3'UTRs that may recruit antagonistic RBPs and/or destabilize RNA structures. Using STAU1-knockout cells, we show that strong STAU1 binding to mRNA 3'UTRs generally enhances polysome association. However, IRAlus generally have little impact on STAU1-mediated polysome association despite having strong interactions with the protein. Taken together, our work reveals complex interactions of STAU1 with its cognate RNA substrates. Our data also shed light on distinct post-transcriptional fates for the widespread APA isoforms in mammalian cells.