cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen peroxide modification of human oxyhemoglobin.

The effect of H2O2 on the primary structure of OxyHb was studied. Upon treatment of Oxy Hb with H2O2 ([Heme]/[H2O2] =I), tryptophan and methionine residues of the /-chain were modified. Treatment of ApoHb with H2O2 resulted in the modification of histidine and methionine residues in both globin chains. Tryptophan residues were unaffected. Modification of methionine residues in both the β-chain of OxyHb and ApoHb probably results from the direct oxidation of mcthionine by H2O2. The modification of histidine residues in ApoHb may be mediated by a metal-catalyzed oxidation system comprised of H2O2 and histidine-bound iron. The H2O2-mediated modification of tryptophan in the OxyHb β-chain. however, requires the heme moiety.
Abstract 5552: Manganese porphyrins in combination with ascorbate act as pro-oxidants and mediate caspase-independent cancer cell death.

Resistance to therapy-mediated apoptosis in inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), an aggressive and distinct subtype of breast cancer was recently attributed to increased antioxidant expression (superoxide dismutase [SOD]; reduced glutathione) and decreased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting in redox adaptation and increased cell survival. Mn porphyrins (MnPs) are amongst the most potent synthetic mimics of the antioxidant, superoxide dismutase (SOD). In the present study, we demonstrate the unique ability of two Mn porphyrin (MnP)-based SOD mimics (MnTE-2-PyP5+ and MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+) to act as pro-oxidants when combined with ascorbate (vitamin C) and enhance ROS-mediated cell death. We identified that the ethyl species, MnTE-2-PyP5+, was less stable than its butoxyethyl analog, MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+, resulting in greater potency in inducing cytotoxicity via radical-driven oxidative degradation in cellular models of IBC isolated from patient tumors and an isogenic derivative with acquired resistance to therapeutic apoptosis. The combination of MnP and ascorbate induced accumulation of mitochondrial superoxide and H2O2-derived radicals in both therapy-sensitive and therapy-resistant cell lines. High intracellular ROS resulted in decreases in both pro-survival signaling (pNF-κB, pERK1/2) and expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), the most potent caspase inhibitor. Although markers of classical apoptosis were observed, including PARP cleavage and Annexin V staining, administration of a pan-caspase inhibitor (QVD-OPh) did not reverse the observed cytotoxicity. Nuclear translocation of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) was observed, suggesting a caspase-independent cell death following mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization after treatment with this combination. In conclusion, this study provides the molecular basis of a novel MnP-based anti-cancer strategy and suggests the feasibility of using MnPs to sensitize cancer cells to many chemotherapies and radiotherapy that are dependent on potent induction of the oxidative stress response. Citation Format: Myron Evans, Artak Tovmasyan, Ines Batinic-Haberle, Gayathri Devi. Manganese porphyrins in combination with ascorbate act as pro-oxidants and mediate caspase-independent cancer cell death. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5552. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5552 Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2013 because the presenter was unable to attend.
Ultraviolet-induced graft reaction of quinoid compounds onto polypropylene films : effect of synthesis conditions on vitamin K1-g-polypropylene

Ultraviolet irradiation in the presence of benzophenone (BP) as a photosensitizer was used to graft vitamin K1 (VK1) onto a film of medical grade isotactic polypropylene. The effects of various reaction conditions on the graft yeild of the samples and the changes in physicochemical properties of the sample surfaces were determined by FTIR and surface tension measurements. Increases in the ultraviolet irradiation time for the first 60 minutes markedly increased the graft yield linearly before leveling off above the 0.3 vol.% vitamin K1 concentration. A 2 wt.% concentration of BP produced the maximum graft of VK1. The surface tension of the samples increased to a value of 38 dyne/cm with increasing graft yield.
Gender effect in Russian public relations: A perfect storm of obstacles for women

Synopsis This study uses a model of excellent public relations leadership to examine gender differences in perceptions of professional leadership among Russian public relations practitioners. Analysis of a quantitative survey and qualitative interviews indicate that Russian women place greater importance on leadership than Russian men. However, female practitioners seem hesitant or unable to take a leadership role due to a perfect storm of gender effects: existing societal and professional gender stereotypes, male-dominated societal and organizational culture, and lack of support from educational programs and professional associations, among others. While experiencing this perfect storm, female professionals assumed a traditional gender role rather than a professional leadership role. In addition, those women who were top leaders in organizations did not necessarily desire leadership nor saw themselves as leaders in the communication field.
Dislocation Nucleation Models from Point Defect Condensations in Silicon and Germanium

The process of dislocation nucleation from point defect condensations in Si(Ge) is discussed. Based on the assumption that during the dislocation nucleation stage, the dominant factor in the configurational energy is the number of dangling bonds per point defect incorporated, rather than the more commonly recognized factor of strain energy, it is possible to model the dislocation nucleation process. In order to minimize the number of dangling bonds, point defects would condense into row configurations elongated in , called intermediate defects (IDC), and then the IDCs would evolute into undissociated 90° edge–, 60°, and Frank partial dislocations.
Emerging powers and the creation of the UN: three ships of Theseus

AbstractWhat role did the present emerging powers play in the creation of the United Nations? Drawing on Plutarch’s ‘ship of Theseus’ paradox, this article analyses how, and the extent to which, Brazilian, Chinese and Indian representatives influenced key debates leading up to the UN’s foundation. At the time Brazil was ruled by a fascist-inspired military regime, yet it had supported Allied efforts during World War II; China was split among Nationalists and Communists; and India was still a British colony. These national delegations reflected the main social and political struggles of their respective countries. While these three countries were able to influence the design, procedures and substance of the burgeoning organisation, their agency was limited by their primary focus on internal issues. By comparison, in the present era they have been able to extend their influence in global governance debates by coordinating certain reformist positions.
Study on the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Capability in China from County Perspective

this paper describes the meaning of agriculture science and technology innovation and its relationship with county economy,analyzes the status and problems of agricultural science and technology in Chinese county,and proposes countermeasures and suggestions that meet the characteristics of agriculture science and technology innovation in Chinese county by drawing on the successful experiences of regional agricultural science and technology innovations in developed countries.
Antifibrotic Therapies to Control Cardiac Fibrosis

Cardiac fibrosis occurs naturally after myocardial infarction. While the initially formed fibrotic tissue prevents the infarcted heart tissue from rupture, the progression of cardiac fibrosis continuously expands the size of fibrotic tissue and causes cardiac function decrease. Cardiac fibrosis eventually evolves the infarcted hearts into heart failure. Inhibiting cardiac fibrosis from progressing is critical to prevent heart failure. However, there is no efficient therapeutic approach currently available. Myofibroblasts are primarily responsible for cardiac fibrosis. They are formed by cardiac fibroblast differentiation, fibrocyte differentiation, epithelial to mesenchymal transdifferentiation, and endothelial to mesenchymal transition, driven by cytokines such as transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), angiotensin II and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). The approaches that inhibit myofibroblast formation have been demonstrated to prevent cardiac fibrosis, including systemic delivery of antifibrotic drugs, localized delivery of biomaterials, localized delivery of biomaterials and antifibrotic drugs, and localized delivery of cells using biomaterials. This review addresses current progresses in cardiac fibrosis therapies.
Recommended Methods for Vitamin B-6 Analysis

This and the following paper are summaries of the recommendations formulated during open discussions on the final day of the Workshop. All the recommendations are based on current state-of-the-art methodologies and are subject to change as the analytical precision develops and new assessment criteria are validated.
Benefits of Stimulus Exposure: Developmental Learning Independent of Task Performance

Perceptual learning (training-induced performance improvement) can be elicited by task-irrelevant stimulus exposure in humans. In contrast, task-irrelevant stimulus exposure in animals typically disrupts perception in juveniles while causing little to no effect in adults. This may be due to the extent of exposure, which is brief in humans while chronic in animals. Here we assessed the effects of short bouts of passive stimulus exposure on learning during development in gerbils, compared with non-passive stimulus exposure (i.e., during testing). We used prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response, a method that can be applied at any age, to measure gap detection thresholds across four age groups, spanning development. First, we showed that both gap detection thresholds and gap detection learning across sessions displayed a long developmental trajectory, improving throughout the juvenile period. Additionally, we demonstrated larger within- and across-animal performance variability in younger animals. These results are generally consistent with results in humans, where there are extended developmental trajectories for both the perception of temporally-varying signals, and the effects of perceptual training, as well as increased variability and poorer performance consistency in children. We then chose an age (mid-juveniles) that displayed clear learning over sessions in order to assess effects of brief passive stimulus exposure on this learning. We compared learning in mid-juveniles exposed to either gap detection testing (gaps paired with startles) or equivalent gap exposure without testing (gaps alone) for three sessions. Learning was equivalent in both these groups, and better than both naive age-matched animals and controls receiving no gap exposure but only startle testing. Thus short bouts of exposure to gaps independent of task performance is sufficient to induce learning at this age, and is as effective as gap detection testing.
Savings and Growth in an Interdependent World

A major feature of the 1980s has been the large changes in current account balances in the world economy, reflecting changes in saving and investment balances in the major industrialized economies. The events of the 1980s raise a number of important questions: What are the implications of these current account developments and associated changes in government and private saving and investment behavior for world growth and the distribution of future consumption possibilities across countries?; What effects do changes in fiscal policies in different economies have on these outcomes?; How do the short run adjustments in the face of changes in policy assumptions compare to the long run outcomes under different assumptions about wage adjustment in the short run?
Critiques of the Women’s Magazines, 1946–1960

Criticism of American women’s magazines began long before Betty Friedan, in her 1963 The Feminine Mystique, chided these periodicals for pressuring women to expect fulfillment in the role of homemaker and establishing impossible ideals for their performance of this role. As early as 1917, Current Opinion published “An Indictment of Women’s Magazines Edited by Men,” which sounded one of the enduring critiques of the magazines: that male control of periodicals intended for women readers was just one more example of men exerting authority over women’s lives. The apotheosis of this kind of critique was the 1970 takeover of the Ladies’ Home Journal offices by representatives of feminist groups demanding, among other things, the ouster of editor John Mack Carter. Thirty-five years before Friedan’s book was published, a writer for Century magazine expressed similar sentiments in “Woman’s Place Is in the Home, So at Least Ten Million Readers Are Urged to Believe.” Still others criticized the magazines for being repetitious, for condescending to readers, for assuming that women were responsible for correcting all flaws in both household and marriage, or for creating within their pages worlds far removed from the realities of women’s lives. One of the most interesting critiques (not reprinted here because of its length) was launched in the October 1957 issue of Playboy magazine. In “The Pious Pornographers,” Ivor Williams takes the women’s magazines to task for, in his view, pretending to be wholesome guides to household management while offering—in columns by doctors, articles on marital harmony, and fiction—investigations of sexuality not unlike those found in Playboy itself.
Parentification of adult siblings of individuals with autism spectrum disorder: Distress, sibling relationship attitudes, and the role of social support

ABSTRACTBackground Typically developing (TD) siblings of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often fulfil caregiving roles as children or adults (i.e., parentification, which can be either parent-focused or sibling-focused).Method This study examines how parentification interacts with social support when predicting distress and sibling relationship attitudes in 60 TD adult siblings of individuals with ASD.Results Perceived social support served as a moderator. Specifically, TD adult siblings who experienced high parent-focused parentification during childhood and low current social support were most likely to report high distress. TD siblings who reported low sibling-focused parentification during childhood and low current social support were most likely to report less positive attitudes about their relationships with their siblings with ASD.Conclusions Current findings suggest that perceived social support may serve as a potential point of intervention for reducing distress and improving sibl...
Teaching Christian Chant in a Jewish Music Context

In the first classes of the music history survey course for music majors, the beginnings of Roman Catholic chant and liturgical music are discussed. Most music history textbooks relegate the Jewish roots of Christian music to at most one paragraph. However, it is important for students to understand the ways in which Jewish musical liturgy and cantillation gave rise to Christian musical liturgy and chant. One reason why the Jewish roots of Christian chant are not often discussed is because many teachers of music history often feel that they do not know enough about Jewish music to teach it. . This article discusses the ways in which I approach placing Christian chant into a Jewish context so that students can better understand the ways in which the latter helped to give rise to the former.
Articulated Definiteness without Articles

While it lacks a definite article, Mandarin makes a principled distinction between unique and anaphoric definites: unique definites are realized with a bare noun, and anaphoric definites are realiz...
Metabolic Disturbances of Acid–Base and Electrolytes

After studying this chapter, you should be able to: Use a systematic approach to identify the types of acid–base disorders. Be proficient in calculating the anion gap (AG) and the delta:delta equations. Differentiate among common causes of elevated AG and non-AG acidoses. Identify common causes of metabolic alkalosis. List the common causes, clinical symptoms, and physical examination signs of: Hyponatremia Hypernatremia Hypokalemia Hyperkalemia Hypocalcemia Hypercalcemia Hypomagnesemia Hypermagnesemia Hypophosphatemia Hyperphosphatemia Determine the treatment options for the electrolyte disorders listed.
Integrin expression on neutrophils in a rabbit model of Group B Streptococcal meningitis.

Products released by polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) during an acute inflammatory response can result in diffuse tissue injury. Integrins are cell surface adhesion proteins that play a pivotal role in inflammation by allowing PMNs to adhere to the endothelium and migrate through the extracellular matrix. We examined the expression of β1 and β2 integrins on neutrophils from blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in an animal model of Group B Streptococcal meningitis. We further evaluated whether integrin expression correlates with pathophysiologic markers of central nervous system inflammation. Our data demonstrate that β1 and β2 integrin expression on circulating neutrophils does not significantly increase as a consequence of meningitis. In extravesated CSF neutrophils, a significant increase in expression of both β1 and β2 integrins is noted. Furthermore, a majority of the β1 integrins on extravesated neutrophils have undergone affinity modulation. Using regression analysis, we demonstrated that increasing β1 integrin expression correlates with decreasing CSF glucose concentration and serum/CSF glucose ratio. Regression analysis approached significance when CSF protein was compared to PMN β1 integrin expression. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes β1 integrin expression also showed a direct correlation to myeloperoxidase activity in brain tissue. β2 expression on CSF PMNs did not correlate with these markers of inflammation/sequestration. These data demonstrate integrin expression on extravesated neutrophils markedly increases during meningitis and support a role for β1 integrins on neutrophils in the pathophysiologic consequences of meningitis.
Adolescents' right to consent to reproductive medical care: balancing respect for families with public health goals.

Having adolescents make independent choices about reproductive and mental health reflects our society's pragmatism, willing to seek a balance among fairness, respect for families, and critical public health and safety goals.
Anatomy and Histology of the Lung

The lung is uniquely designed to accomplish its major functions of movement of air and the delivery of oxygen to and removal of carbon dioxide from the circulation. Pulmonary anatomic compartments are tightly integrated for this purpose, while redundancy of structures and provisions for collateral ventilation and blood flow enable the lung to rapidly adjust to physiologic demands and meet the challenges imposed by disease. The intricate net-like connective tissue skeleton of the lung, with its intrinsic elasticity, enables the lung to function as a cohesive unit. Protected by the rigid thoracic cage and sealed in a bellows-like chamber, the lung responds to cyclical volume and pressure fluctuations coordinated with contractions of the diaphragm and thoracic muscles of respiration on the order of 16 breaths per minute.
Behavior jargon and teacher acceptability of positive behavior interventions

The current study examined elementary school teachers’ acceptability of a positive behavioral intervention based on the use of jargon and non jargon language during behavioral consultation. One-hun...
Hybrid turbulence model simulations of hemisphere-cylinder geometry

Abstract When low aspect ratio geometries such as submarines, torpedoes, or missiles are operated at large angles of attack three-dimensional separation will occur on the leeward side. Separation incurs losses and can result in undesirable unsteady forces. An improved understanding of three-dimensional separation is desirable as it may open the door to new methods for the control or prevention of separation. Numerical simulations of three-dimensional separation can provide detailed insight into instability mechanisms and the resultant flow structures. For most technical applications the Reynolds numbers are too high for direct numerical simulations and lower-fidelity approaches such as hybrid turbulence models become attractive. In this paper a hybrid turbulence model blending strategy is employed that adjusts the model contribution according to the local grid resolution. The strategy is validated for two-dimensional plane channel flow at Re τ = 395 and 2000. The model is then employed for simulations of a hemisphere-cylinder geometry at 10° and 30° angle of attack. The simulations demonstrate satisfactory model performance over a wide range of Reynolds numbers ( 5 × 10 4 Re D 5 × 10 5 ). A nose separation bubble is captured for the lower Reynolds numbers and leeward vortices are observed for 30 ° angle of attack regardless of Reynolds number.
Gas hydrate petroleum systems: What constitutes the “seal”?

AbstractThe gas hydrate petroleum system (GHPS) approach, which has been used to characterize gas hydrates in nature, uses three distinct components: a methane source, a methane migration pathway, ...
‘Monkey Meat’ and Metaphor in Shohei Ooka’s Fires on the Plain

In Fires on the Plain (1952) novelist Shohei Ooka critiques Japanese imperialism by depicting the collapse of the Japanese army in the Philippines during the final months of World War II. Structured as a post-war memoir written by a soldier named Private Tamura as a patient in a Tokyo mental hospital, the novel explores Tamura’s psychological breakdown in response to having succumbed to cannibalism in order to survive. A complex treatment of memory, guilt, and individual agency in times of war, Fires on the Plain also underscores the ways in which the cannibalistic act may function metaphorically as a commentary on matters related to sex, religion, militarism, and cultural imperialism, as well as revealing anxieties associated with the creation of a post-war narrative of national victimhood in Japan. While Ooka presents Tamura’s eating of human flesh as the culmination of his long descent into madness, the act also serves as a metaphor through which he explores the self-destructive nature of Japanese imperialism, as well as his own responsibility for his unwilling participation in it.
Factors associated with tenofovir diphosphate concentrations in dried blood spots in persons living with HIV.

OBJECTIVES To determine factors associated with interindividual variability in tenofovir diphosphate (TFV-DP) concentrations in dried blood spots (DBSs) among persons living with HIV (PLWH). METHODS PLWH who were at least 18 years old and taking tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-containing ART were prospectively recruited and enrolled from a clinical cohort and followed longitudinally (up to three visits over 48 weeks). With log-transformed TFV-DP concentrations in DBSs as the outcome, mixed-model regression analyses were used to assess associations between self-reported 3 month ART adherence, race and other clinical covariates (gender, age, BMI, CD4+ T cell count, estimated glomerular filtration rate, haematocrit, duration on current ART and anchor drug class) on TFV-DP in DBSs. RESULTS Five hundred and twenty-seven participants (1150 person-visits) were analysed. Adjusting for race and other clinical covariates, every 10% increase in self-reported 3 month ART adherence was associated with an average TFV-DP concentration increase in DBSs of 28% (95% CI: 24%-32%; P < 0.0001). In the same model, female participants had 20% (95% CI: 3%-40%; P = 0.02) higher TFV-DP concentrations in DBSs, compared with male participants, and every 1 kg/m2 increase in BMI was associated with a decrease in TFV-DP concentration in DBSs by 2% (95% CI: -3% to -1%; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Individual patient characteristics were predictive of TFV-DP concentration in DBSs in PLWH receiving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-based ART. Future research to incorporate these predictors into the interpretation of this ART adherence biomarker, and to establish whether these associations extend to PLWH taking tenofovir alafenamide-containing ART, is needed.
Chapter 15 – Root Anatomy and Poiseuille's Law for Water Flow in Roots

This chapter reviews the anatomy of plant roots and shows the application of Poiseuille's law for water flow in roots. Anatomical descriptions are based on the textbooks of Katherine Esau. Dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous roots are distinguished. Movement of water across the plant root is described. Cell types in the xylem tissue are characterized, including the tracheids and vessel members that carry water. Poiseuille's law, which gives the velocity of flow of a liquid through a capillary tube, is described along with its assumptions, which include the need for laminar flow determined by calculating a dimensionless number called the Reynolds number. The law is applied to vessel members and cell walls to calculate the pressure gradient needed to maintain a constant transpiration rate. Agronomic applications of Poiseuille's law are cited to show how water use by plants in dry regions can be minimized. Appendices give biographies of Poiseuille, Reynolds, and Esau.
Water and Ion Transport through the Glass Transitionin Polyelectrolyte Complexes

Polyelectrolyte complexes or coacervates, PECs, represent one of the many families of ion-containing polymers proposed or in use for applications requiring mobile ions, including fuel cells, water ...
The Artificial Pacemaker: A Historical Overview

Since the advent of electricity, it was postulated that control of the heartbeat could potentially save countless lives. But artificially pacing the heart remained a dream for most of human history. In this chapter, the author discusses the contributions of several pioneers in the field of cardiac pacing from the mid-twentieth century to today.
Analyzing opacity with contextual faithfulness constraints

Phonological opacity is well-studied and there are numerous proposals in the literature which analyze opacity in Optimality-Theoretic grammars. However, many analyses include significant elaborations to the basic architecture of Optimality Theory (Prince & Smolensky 1993/2004) or its serial alternative, Harmonic Serialism (McCarthy 2000). In this paper, we propose a method of analyzing opacity which avoids additional significant enhancements to the basic theory by using faithfulness constraints with input-defined contexts. These constraints bear many similarities to standard positional faithfulness constraints (Beckman 1997; 1998; Lombardi 1999), but the context is input-defined (as in Jesney 2011). Adding context to faithfulness constraints has previously been discussed as a potential solution to counterfeeding opacity, but dismissed on account of potentially creating an overly rich faithfulness theory (McCarthy 2007a). We argue that the analytical potential of these constraints outweighs the potential problems associated with overgeneration. We show that contextual faithfulness constraints can be employed to analyze multiple types of underapplication opacity in parallel OT and multiple types of under- and overapplication opacity in Harmonic Serialism. We discuss the impact of including these constraints in a universal Con and suggest the potential of language-specific constraint induction for mitigating over-generation effects.
Secular Communion in the Coalfields: The Populist Aesthetic and Practice of Roadside Theater

Roadside Theater is a populist theatre company. Refusing liberal elitism, activist vanguardism, and the authoritarian pseudo-populism of Donald Trump, Roadside works in grassroots partnerships that...
International perspectives on HIV/AIDS in schools: A call to action for school psychologists and educators

Rates of pediatric human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as well as mortality and morbidity related to HIV and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) depend, in part, on the resources available in...
Fully Dynamic Password Protected Secret Sharing: Simplifying PPSS Operation and Maintenance

A scheme which is based on splitting a secret among a set of servers (e.g. in a cloud) where a threshold, t, of them is needed for reconstruction, is advantageous in many ways for the mechanism to work regardless of the exact subset (of size at least t) which participates in the reconstruction. The advantages of such threshold-based cryptographic schemes include: availability, possibility of or compatibility with load balancing among servers, security (as less than the threshold server compromise does not give the secret away), fast and more efficient reconstruction/application of the secret, as well as providing other flexibilities in system design. Building on recent significant performance advantage made in the area of Password Protected Secret Sharing (PPSS), we construct an efficient scheme where the user works in reconstruction is independent of the set of servers participating (prior scheme assumed the subset needs to be known in advance, which typically involves a round of communication/ synchronization). We call such schemes “Dynamic Subset PPSS.”
Exploring Disciplinary Technologies for Increased Accessibility in the Civil Engineering and Construction Industry: Starting the Conversation

Due to an aging workforce and national recruitment initiatives, the number of individuals with disabilities in the civil engineering and construction industries is expected to increase. However, little work has examined existing access barriers that discourage disabled and aging individuals from entering into or remaining in the civil engineering and construction fields, with the majority of extant work focusing on individual accommodation. In this paper, we explore the ways existing and emerging workplace technologies that are reshaping disciplinary norms also improve the overall workplace accessibility in civil engineering and construction. Specifically, we focus our discussion on three technologies impacting civil engineering and construction: drones, augmented reality, and prefabricated and modular construction. In this discussion, we introduce points of alignment observed across these technologies and disability studies perspectives and conclude with identifying areas for future work and considerations for industry for creating universally accessible environments without perpetuating colonizing or ableist ideals of workplace participation.
Hubris and Humility in Environmental Law

What we think we know about the environment may be wrong, and if so, it may lead us off course despite our best intentions and efforts to manage, restore, conserve, and protect it. This may be particularly true with respect to some of the toughest environmental challenges of our day, including the confounding problem of global climate change and such controversial issues as genetically engineered foods. Arrogance in judgment can and indeed has led to environmental harm, if only by postponing genuine solutions. A more prudent approach would be to regulate with less environmental hubris and greater environmental humility. This article sets out several historic examples of regulatory hubris in environmental problem solving — situations where human arrogance played a starring role in bringing about less than salubrious environmental results. The article goes on to offer various explanations for this tendency toward overconfident approaches and to argue for integrating greater humility in environmental problem solving.
Burkitt-type lymphoma incidentally found as the cause of acute appendicitis: a case report and review of literature

Background Appendectomy remains one of the most common emergency operations. Recent research supports the treatment of uncomplicated appendicitis with antibiotics alone. While nonoperative management of appendicitis may be safe in some patients, it may result in missed neoplasms. We present a case of acute appendicitis where the final pathology resulted in a diagnosis of a Burkitt-type lymphoma. Case presentation An 18-year-old male presented to the emergency department with 24 h of right lower quadrant pain with associated urinary retention, anorexia, and malaise. Past medical history was significant for intermittent diarrhea and anal fissure. He exhibited focal right lower quadrant tenderness. Workup revealed leukocytosis and CT uncovered acute appendicitis with periappendiceal abscess and no appendicolith. Laparoscopic appendectomy was performed and found acute appendicitis with associated abscess abutting the rectum and bladder. Pathology of the resected appendix reported acute appendicitis with evidence of Burkitt-type lymphoma. A PET scan did not reveal any residual disease. Hematology/oncology was consulted and chemotherapy was initiated with an excellent response. Conclusions Appendiceal lymphomas constitute less than 0.1% of gastrointestinal lymphomas. Primary appendix neoplasms are found in 0.5-1.0% of appendectomy specimens following acute appendicitis. In this case, appendectomy allowed for prompt identification and treatment of an aggressive, rapidly fatal lymphoma resulting in complete remission.
Epigenetic Modulation of Class-Switch DNA Recombination to IgA by miR-146a Through Downregulation of Smad2, Smad3 and Smad4

IgA is predominant antibody at mucosae. Dysregulation of IgA production can contribute to immunopathology, particularly in kidneys in which IgA deposition can cause nephropathy. Class-switch DNA recombination (CSR) to IgA is directed by TGF- signaling, which activates Smad2 and Smad3. Activated Smad2/Smad3 dimers are recruited together with Smad4 to the IgH  locus Iα promoter to activate germline Iα-Cα transcription, the first step in the unfolding of CSR to IgA. Epigenetic factors, such as non-coding RNAs, particularly microRNAs, have been shown to regulate T cells, dendritic cells and other immune elements, as well as modulate the antibody response, including CSR, in a B cell-intrinsic fashion. Here we showed that the most abundant miRNA in resting B cells, miR-146a, which targets Smad2, Smad3 and Smad4 mRNA 3’UTRs, keeps CSR to IgA in check in resting B cells. Indeed, enforced miR-146a expression in B cells aborted induction of IgA CSR by decreasing Smad levels. By contrast, upon induction of CSR to IgA, as directed by TGF-, B cells downregulated miR-146a, thereby reversing the silencing of Smad2, Smad3 and Smad4, which, once expressed, led to recruitment of Smad2, Smad3 and Smad4 to the Iα promoter for activation of germline Iα-Cα transcription. Deletion of miR-146a in miR-146a–/– mice significantly increased circulating levels of steady state total IgA, but not IgM, IgG or IgE, and heightened the specific IgA antibody response to OVA. In miR-146a–/– mice, the elevated systemic IgA levels were associated with increased IgA+ B cells in intestinal mucosae, increased amounts of fecal free and bacteria-bound IgA as well as kidney IgA deposition, a hallmark of IgA nephropathy. Increased germline Iα-Cα transcription and CSR to IgA in miR-146a –/– B cells in vitro proved that miR-146a-induced Smad2, Smad3 and Smad4 repression is B cell intrinsic. The B cell-intrinsic role of miR-146a in the modulation of CSR to IgA was formally confirmed in vivo by construction and OVA immunization of mixed bone marrow MT/miR-146a–/– chimeric mice. Thus, by inhibiting Smad2, Smad3 and Smad4 expression, miR-146a plays an important and B cell intrinsic role in modulation of CSR to IgA and the IgA antibody response.
La media subida de clíticos en el español de Houston

This work discusses the semi clitic climbing. It occurs when in a verbalphrase composed by non-finite verbs the speaker adds the clitic after the first verb (ir a ver lo – ir lo a ver). The analysis tries to determine the speakers’ preference for this position in the Spanish spoken in Houston, Texas, by Mexican-American speakers. R esults from data divided across different generations evidence a process of linguistic change that favors the eliminationof this option. Progressive lower frequencies along the bilingualcontinuum suggest this outcome for the semi clitic climbing, position thatpresents high frequencies in monolingual varieties of Spanish.
Norman Porteous: Germany and Scotland

Porteous’ place as a leading proponent of Old Testament Theology can be traced back to the years he spent studying in Germany during the seminal period of the subject. This paper gives an account of his interaction with German biblical theology. It considers how he squared his early Barthianism with his later interest in the work of British theologians such as H. Wheeler Robinson. Also considered are his oppostion to Vischer; his engagement with Eichrodt and the question of normativity; his relation to von Rad and Heilsgeschichte and the subsequent crisis which caused him to reconsider much of his existing work. James Barr also gives an account of his own interaction with Porteous during a crisis point in his own career. [The full text of this article is not available online]
Epilepsy and swimming.

To the Editor.— In the article on prevention of childhood injuries, Greensher states that "it is prudent to recommend limiting swimming (in patients with epilepsy) until these patients are seizure-free for 1 year." We believe that all activities that children—and adults—undertake carry some risk. The risk is slightly greater for a child with epilepsy than for one without. The dimensions of that risk depend on the frequency and type of seizures. However, there are major risks in limiting activities for children and adults.
The possible mechanisms of action of progestins on endometrial adenocarcinoma.

Abstract Synthetic progestins have been used for over a decade in the palliation of patients with advanced adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. The mechanism of action of this hormonal therapy has not been identified. Eight patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma have been intensively studied during a program of management with medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera ∗ ∗The Upjohn Co., Kalamazoo, Michigan.) in an attempt to identify the mechanism by which remission of neoplasm occurs. Possible modes of action of this progestin on adenocarcinoma include an immunosuppressive effect, a change in endogenous sex steroid support, and a direct action upon the neoplastic cell. Although the exact mechanism of action has yet to be identified, continued investigative studies may not only clarify this question but contribute to the basic understanding of the etiology of this neoplasm.
Stress and Coping

Coping with stress is an often complex, dynamic, multidimensional process. Infants physiologically respond to stress from birth, and coping responses are evident early in life. While the infant has limited coping responses and relies heavily on support from a caregiver, coping responses become differentiated and more complex as children get older and develop more sophisticated cognitive, social, emotional, and behavioral skills.
Toxoplasma gondii: transmission, diagnosis and prevention

Toxoplasmosis, caused by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii, is one of the most common parasitic infections of man and other warm-blooded animals. It has been found world-wide from Alaska to Australia. Nearly one-third of humanity has been exposed to this parasite. In most adults it does not cause serious illness, but it can cause blindness and mental retardation in congenitally infected children and devastating disease in immunocompromised individuals.
First order electroweak phase transition triggered by the Higgs portal vector dark matter

We investigate an extension of the Standard Model (SM) with a $U(1{)}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ gauge symmetry, which is spontaneously broken by a complex scalar singlet and where the new gauge boson is a stable dark matter candidate via a ${Z}_{2}$ flavor symmetry. The possibility of generating a strongly first order electroweak phase transition (EWPT) needed for the electroweak baryogenesis mechanism in this model is studied using a gauge-independent method. Our result shows a considerable parameter space where both successful dark matter phenomenologies and a strongly first order electroweak phase transition can be achieved.
Idiopathic Dilatation of the Superior Vena Cava (Superior Vena Cava Dilatation)

A case is reported of an 8-year-old male who presented with mediastinal widening secondary to idiopathic dilatation of the superior vena cava. Roentgen signs of superior vena cava dilatation include a right, anterior, and superior location in the mediastinum, lack of tracheal deviation, and increased size on supine roentgenograms. Contrast studies to define the venous nature of such a mass can obviate thoracotomy.
Inhibition of protein kinase C blocks two components of LTP persistence, leaving initial potentiation intact

Protein kinase C (PKC) activity is increased following hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP; Akers et al., 1986). A similar increase in PKC activity is measured following the induction of a long-lasting potentiation with abbreviated high-frequency stimulation (HFS) in combination with PKC-activating phorbol esters (Colley et al., 1989). Because phorbol esters have no effect on the initial potentiation produced with HFS, and because PKC activity appears to be related to the persistence of LTP and not to the initial change, we concluded that PKC regulates a post-initiation component of LTP. To define the time domain in which PKC activation is necessary for LTP, we studied the effect of the PKC inhibitors polymyxin B (PMXB) and 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H-7) micropressure ejected at different time points before and after the induction of LTP. LTP was produced in intact rats with HFS of the perforant path, and inhibitor ejections were made in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. PMXB, which at lower doses is a selective inhibitor of PKC, had no effect on initial potentiation, yet caused decay of the potentiated response to baseline within 2 hr. Decay occurred when PMXB was ejected 15 min before and 15 and 30 min after HFS. PMXB, at either low or high doses, was ineffective in blocking LTP persistence at time points greater than 30 min after HFS. Low doses of H-7 produced similar effects to those of PMXB. However, in contrast to a high dose of PMXB, a high dose of H-7 inhibited the persistence of LTP when delivered 240 min after HFS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Electrodialysis of model lactic acid solutions

Abstract Electrodialysis of model lactic acid solutions at various concentrations, pH values and modes of operation was evaluated in a bench-top system with 20 cell pairs. The limiting current (determined with 6 g liter −1 NaCl) ranged from 152 A m −2 at a Reynolds number (Re) of 176 to 304 A m −2 at Re = 419. In the batch recycle mode, the mass of lactate transported increased linearly with time. The flux of lactate was 328–456 g m −2 h −1 ; flux decreased with an increase in feed concentration and with an increase of pH. Water flux during ED was 2·79-3·83 liters m −2 h −1 ; it decreased with an increase in feed concentration and was not affected by pH. This water transport limits the maximum lactate concentration in the concentrating stream to 135 g liter −1 with feed concentrations of 45–95 g liter −1 . Coulomb efficiencies with NaCl and lactate solutions in batch, single-pass and feed-and-bleed modes were 0·55-0·8.
Partial Adrenalectomy: Underused First Line Therapy for Small Adrenal Tumors

Purpose: Many patients with small adrenal masses undergo total adrenalectomy. We evaluated partial adrenalectomy outcomes by performing a comprehensive literature review.Materials and Methods: We performed a PubMed® search of the English language literature using the queries partial adrenalectomy and adrenal sparing surgery, and identified 317 and 155 articles, respectively. We excluded case reports or series with fewer than 5 patients, articles not focused on surgical management and those that did not indicate perioperative outcomes. The remaining articles were cross-referenced by author and institution to eliminate studies with redundant cases. Demographics, diagnosis, tumor characteristics, perioperative and functional outcomes, and recurrence data were collected when available.Results: A total of 22 articles from a total of 22 first authors met our inclusion criteria, describing outcomes in a total of 417 patients. There has been an increasing trend toward partial adrenalectomy worldwide in the last 2...
Non-local collisionless and collisional electron transport in low-temperature plasma

This paper reviews recent advances in non-local electron kinetics in low-pressure discharges. Non-local electron kinetics, non-local electrodynamics with collisionless electron heating and non-linear processes in the sheaths are typical for such discharges. Progress in understanding the non-local interaction of electric fields with real, bounded plasma created by the fields has been one of the major achievements of the past few decades.
Medical students impact laparoscopic surgery case time.

Abstract Background Medical students (MS) are increasingly assuming active roles in the operating room. Laparoscopic cases offer unique opportunities for MS participation. The aim of this study was to examine associations between the presence of MS in laparoscopic cases and operation time and postoperative complication rates. Materials and methods Data from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program were linked to operative records for nonemergent, inpatient, and laparoscopic general surgery cases at our institution from January, 2009–January, 2013. Cases were grouped into eight distinct procedure categories. Hospital records provided information on the presence of MS. Demographics, comorbidities, intraoperative variables, and postoperative complication rates were analyzed. Results Seven hundred laparoscopic cases were included. Controlling for wound class, procedure group, and surgeon, MS were associated with an additional 28 min of total operative time. The most significant increase occurred between the skin incision and skin closure. No significant association between the presence of MS and postoperative complications was observed. Conclusions This is the first retrospective analysis to examine the effect of MS presence during laparoscopic procedures. Increase in the operation time associated with the presence of MS should be examined further, to optimize the educational experience without incurring increased cost due to increased operation time.