cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Towards Improved Accuracy of Bordetella pertussis Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests

In many clinical microbiology laboratories, nucleic acid amplification tests such as PCR have become the routine methods for the diagnosis of pertussis. While PCR has greatly increased the ability of laboratories to detect Bordetella pertussis infections, it has also been associated with false-positive results that can, given the tendency of B. pertussis to cause outbreaks, result in unnecessary and costly control measures. The species specificity of Bordetella gene targets and their number of copies per genome greatly impact the performance characteristics of nucleic acid amplification tests for B. pertussis. It is crucial that laboratorians recognize these characteristics, to limit false-positive test results and prevent pseudo-outbreaks.
Evidence of acoustic wave focusing in a microscale 630 MHz Aluminum Nitride phononic crystal waveguide

This paper reports on the evidence of acoustic wave focusing in an Aluminum Nitride (AlN) phononic crystal (PC) waveguide by means of a PC-tapered lens at 630 MHz. The PC array exhibits a complete stop band ranging from 560 to 680 MHz. The phononic band gap (PBG) waveguide, which is obtained by opening a pathway having a width equal to one lattice constant of the PC array, forms a pass-band centered around 630 MHz inside the PBG. Experimental results also indicate an enhancement in the pass-band transmission (centered at 630 MHz) when the PC waveguide is cascaded with a PC tapered lens with respect to a PBG waveguide located two lattice constants away from the acoustic source. Acoustic waves were launched in the phononic crystals by means of wideband AlN piezoelectric lamb wave transducers, which were integrated in the same plane of the PC. All the devices were micro-fabricated in a three-mask post-CMOS compatible process.
Parent Training Management of Preschool ADHD

Parent training (PT) and parent counseling and support (PC&S) techniques were compared in the management of a community sample of preschool 3-year-old children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) followed in the Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, UK.
Residual newborn screening samples for research: Parental information needs for decision‐making

Purpose. The purpose of this research was to identify what types of information expectant parents want to make a decision about the use of their babies' residual dried blood specimens for research. Design and Methods. Three focus groups were conducted with pregnant women and their partners and one focus group with prenatal healthcare providers and educators. Results. Eleven categories of information needs were identified within each focus group. Practice Implications. Providing sufficient information for parents to make informed choices will be essential to future research with residual dried blood specimens and to maintain public trust with the growing applications of this important public health program.
Building a digital library research program at Columbia University

This paper provides both an overview of the Digital Library Research Program at Columbia University, along with some detail on three selected projects. First, a review of the interdisciplinary approach to Digital Library Research from the point of view of the Center for Research on Information Access will be presented. Second, technical aspects will be presented on the PERSIVAL medical digital library project, on the Digital Government Research Center, and on the multilingual multidocument summarization project. Finally, a range of projects will be briefly discussed in order to demonstrate the concrete results of taking this interdisciplinary approach.
Mechanical factors in breathing pattern regulation in humans.

The adult human breathing pattern is a complex product of neural, humoral, and perceptual factors, each of which is influenced by changes in the respiratory mechanics. The regulation of this pattern is qualitatively consistent with hypotheses based upon optimization criteria and involves alteration of both the respiratory frequency (f) and tidal volume (VT) as their product of minute ventilation ( $$\dot V$$ ) varies. The particular f-VT relationship followed both in theory and observed response is influenced by changes in respiratory mechanics produced by loading. Within the breath, volume and durations of inspiration and expiration also respond to applied loads. The inspiratory terminating threshold curve is shifted to the left by elastic (E) loading and to the right by flow resistive (R) loading. Regulation of the end-expiratory volume (EEV) is provided by regulation of laryngeal resistance, control of inspiratory muscle tone during expiration, and activation of expiratory muscles. Separation of the contributions of humoral, subconscious neural, and perceptual reflexes responding to loading is important to enable assessment of the effects of sleep or pathology upon specific aspects of pattern regulation. A loading technique is described that permits the reliable estimation of breathing pattern responses to mechanical loads below the threshold for conscious perception, producing immediate response estimates attributable only to neural reflexes and intrinsic muscle characteristics.
Germanate Zeolites: Contrasting the Behavior of Germanate and Silicate Structures Built from Cubic T8O20 Units (T=Ge or Si)

A brief review of germanate-based zeolitelike structures is given. The frameworks of new germanates containing cubic Ge8O20 clusters are analyzed in detail and compared with those of related silicates. It is shown that some topologies are suitable for silicates, but not for germanates; that others are suitable for germanates but not for silicates; and that a third class is suitable for both types of material.
Work in progress - application and assessment of student formal laboratory reports using a teams approach with an author and editor format

This work in progress presents a teaming approach to writing laboratory reports. A journal-style format of authoring and editing is used. The author and editors are assessed as a small group and share the score on the report as a team. A student perception survey was performed for each of two semesters of this project and the results are compared and presented along with student comments and suggestions for improvement
Parathyroid Hormone–Related Protein in the Healthy and Injured Lung

Parathyroid hormone–related protein (PTHrP) is an oncofetal protein with functional effects in normal and diseased lung. In the respiratory system, the hormone has implications for a variety of processes, including lung development, alveolar type II cell function and differentiation, cell proliferation, apoptosis, motility, and matrix interactions. PTHrP regulates branching morphogenesis and type II cell maturation in fetal lung through bidirectional interactions with lung fibroblasts. Consequently, it appears to have a role in the pathophysiology of respiratory distress syndrome and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. In adult lung, the molecule has autocrine actions on type II pneumocytes that stimulate phosphatidylcholine production, inhibit cell proliferation, and sensitize to apoptotic stimuli. Type II cell PTHrP levels fall after lung injury, inversely coordinated in time with their proliferation, suggesting that reduction in its growth inhibitory effect may contribute to the increase in type II cell number...
MULTISCALE CONTROLS ON WOODY PLANT DIVERSITY IN WESTERN OREGON RIPARIAN FORESTS

Riparian forests are known to be floristically diverse and influenced by multiscale phenomena, yet few studies have explicitly compared how these factors contribute to various aspects of riparian plant diversity. We analyzed woody riparian plant species and environmental data from four western Oregon watersheds distributed across a wide climate- driven productivity gradient at three scales (40-m 2 sample plots (alpha diversity), 1-ha plots, and species pools from 16 1-ha plots in each watershed) to compare three hypotheses of control on species diversity: (1) local control, (2) direct climatic control, and (3) indirect climatic control. We used a process model (3-PG) to model gross primary productivity (GPP) as a functional climate index across our study area. We performed multiple linear regression to determine the best predictors of alpha (sample-plot scale) diversity, compositional change within riparian forests (beta diversity), and hectare-scale diversity and used path analysis to explore hypothesized causal linkages between climate and other factors and species diversity. We also analyzed a companion data set of gap and forest environments from a subset of the same sites to determine the influence of disturbance on species diversity across the gradient. We found evidence for strong spatial patterning in woody plant richness consistent with indirect climatic control on woody plant richness. Climate (GPP) showed negative relationships with alpha diversity and hectare richness of trees, shrubs, and woody plant species and was the most commonly selected explanatory variable in regression analyses. GPP and Rubus spectabilis cover increased from the least to most productive climates while understory light and moisture heterogeneity across the riparian area decreased. These environmental changes coincided with declines in alpha, beta, and hectare-scale diversity. Disturbance gaps yielded higher richness at most sites, but differences in species richness between gap and forest sample plots did not increase at high levels of GPP, as hypothesized. This study points toward an integrated conceptual model whereby regional and landscape scale controls such as climate and watershed position complement and interact with local controls (i.e., vegetation structure, environmental gradients) to jointly govern woody plant diversity in riparian forests.
Utility of the Ultrasound Elastographic Systolic Thyroid Stiffness Index in Reducing Fine-Needle Aspirations

Objective. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether ultrasound elastography performed by using carotid pulsation as a compression source and generating the systolic thyroid stiffness index (STSI) can be used as a pre–fine-needle aspiration (FNA) screening tool. Methods. Ultrasound data previously acquired from 62 thyroid nodules in 59 patients who underwent a thyroid FNA were used. Pulsation from the carotid artery was used as the compression source, and the strain was calculated offline. A metric called the STSI was computed for each nodule during systole. On the basis of the derived STSI value, thyroid nodules were retrospectively classified into 2 types: I, no FNA (observation only); and II, FNA. Results. The STSI value of malignant nodules (n = 12) was significantly higher than that of benign nodules (n = 39; P < .00002). Using an STSI cutoff value of 10, 31 nodules were classified as type I, all of which were benign, whereas 20 nodules were classified as type II, 12 malignant and 8 benign, with sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 79.4%. This suggests that ultrasound elastography could have screened out 31 type I nodules, reducing the number of FNAs by 60.8%. Conclusions. Thyroid ultrasound elastography has the potential to substantially reduce the number of FNA biopsies by detecting type I benign nodules. Patients with suspicious type II nodules would be referred for an FNA. Future prospective studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of thyroid ultrasound elastography as a triage
Non-functional requirements in business process modeling

Business process modeling entails the capture of a set of tasks that invariably model the functional behavior of a system. Another aspect of business process modeling involves the accurate capture of operational behavior and the associated process constraints. Whether the process is automated or manual, such operational constraints and behavior exist. This may include a variety of properties including performance expectations, policy constraints, and security controls. These characteristics later manifest as the non-functional requirements of an intended system, and often such information is generally identified at some point after the business process modeling exercise. The non-functional characteristics of the business are arguably more difficult to capture in business process modeling, since the focus of such methods is the modeling of functional behavior. We propose how two new artifacts may be applied to model the constraints associated with a business process. This is the operating condition to denote a business process constraint and the control case to define controlling criteria to mitigate risk associated with an operational condition. Modeling constraints in this way provides an opportunity to capture these characteristics of business process early in the systems development life-cycle. This contributes to a model that provides a more complete representation of the overall business process. The methods will assist in mitigating risk and facilitate the early discovery of non-functional requirements during systems development.
Cost-effectiveness of recombinant human erythropoietin for reducing red blood cells transfusions in critically ill patients

ABSTRACT Objective To examine the cost-effectiveness of using recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) to reduce red blood cells (RBC) transfusions in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Methods Decision analysis examining costs and effectiveness of using rHuEPO versus not using rHuEPO in a simulated adult medical/surgical/trauma (mixed) ICU. Two independent cost-effectiveness models were created based on the results of two multicenter studies that investigated the use of rHuEPO. Base case assumptions and estimates of effectiveness were obtained from these two studies. Mean cumulative doses of rHuEPO were 190,900 units and 102,400 units for studies 1 and 2, respectively. The models accounted for the deferral rate for allogeneic RBC transfusions, rHuEPO efficacy (the reduction in allogeneic RBC use), and adverse effects of rHuEPO and allogeneic RBC transfusions. Model estimates were obtained from published sources. Costs were expressed in 2002 US dollar ($) and effectiveness was measured using discounted quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). A 3% discount rate was used. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis was conducted using second-order Monte Carlo simulation. Results Incremental costs of using rHuEPO to reduce RBC transfusions amounted to $1918 and $1439; incremental effectiveness values were 0.0563 QALYs and 0.0305 QALYs; and the cost-effectiveness ratios were $34,088 and $47,149 per QALY for studies 1 and 2, respectively. The model was most sensitive to the attributable risk of nosocomial bacterial infections per RBC unit. rHuEPO was cost-effective in 52.0% of the Monte Carlo simulations for a willingness to pay of $50,000/QALY. Conclusion rHuEPO appears to be cost-effective for reducing RBC transfusions in heterogeneous ICU populations, assuming RBC transfusions increase the risk of nosocomial bacterial infections.
Nucleocytoplasmic Trafficking of the Syk Protein Tyrosine Kinase

The protein tyrosine kinase Syk couples the B-cell receptor (BCR) for antigen to multiple intracellular signaling pathways and also modulates cellular responses to inducers of oxidative stress in a receptor-independent fashion. In B cells, Syk is found in both the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments but contains no recognizable nuclear localization or export signals. Through the analysis of a series of deletion mutants, we identified the presence of an unconventional shuttling sequence near the junction of the catalytic domain and the linker B region that accounts for Syk's subcellular localization. This localization is altered following prolonged engagement of the BCR, which causes Syk to be excluded from the nucleus. Nuclear exclusion requires the receptor-mediated activation of protein kinase C and new protein synthesis. Both of these processes also potentiate the activation of caspase 3 in cells in response to oxidative stress in a manner that is dependent on the localization of Syk outside of the nucleus. In contrast, restriction of Syk to the nucleus greatly diminishes the stress-induced activation of caspase 3.
The Arabidopsis Transthyretin-Like protein is a potential substrate of BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE 1

BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1) is a Leu-rich-repeat (LRR) receptor kinase that functions as a critical component of a transmembrane brassinosteroid (BR) receptor. It is believed that BRI1 becomes activated through heterodimerization with BAK1, a similar LRR receptor kinase, in response to BR signal. A yeast two-hybrid screen using the kinase domain of BRI1 identified an Arabidopsis thaliana Transthyretin-Like protein (TTL) as a potential BRI1 substrate. TTL interacts with BRI1 in a kinase-dependent manner in yeast and is phosphorylated by BRI1 in vitro. TTL displays a similar expression pattern with BRI1 and is associated with the plasma membrane. Overexpression of the TTL gene results in a phenotype that was observed in weak bri1 mutants and null bak1 mutants. By contrast, two T-DNA insertional mutations in the TTL gene promote plant growth and enhance BR sensitivity. We hypothesized that TTL might directly regulate certain biochemical activities near the plasma membrane to control plant growth.
The Zero Mass Limit of a Charged Particle in Quantum Electrodynamics

In the renormalized perturbation theory in quantum electrodynamics, the mass m and the charge e of a particle are parameters which are in general determined experimentally. I would like to make a few remarks about this theory in the limit m →0. Since m characterizes the energy scale, we may obtain some information on the high energy limit of the theory. We are also interested in the question whether the theory exists for zero mass charged particles. The work I will discuss has been done in collaboration with T. D. Lee [1]. A detailed analysis of the zero mass problem was first given by Kinoshita [2].
Detecting sequence polymorphisms associated with meiotic recombination hotspots in the human genome.

Background Meiotic recombination events tend to cluster into narrow spans of a few kilobases long, called recombination hotspots. Such hotspots are not conserved between human and chimpanzee and vary between different human ethnic groups. At the same time, recombination hotspots are heritable. Previous studies showed instances where differences in recombination rate could be associated with sequence polymorphisms.
Total synthesis of of 4-acetyloxymethyl-1,6,9-trimethyl-1,-9-diazaanthracene-2,5,8,10-tetraone, a nybomycin acetate analogue.

Abstract 4-Acetyloxymethyl-1,6,9-trimethyl-1,9-diazanthracene-2,5,8,10-tetraone 2 (a potential metabolite of nybomycin) was prepared in thirteen steps with a hetero Diels-Alder reaction as a key step.
Pharmacological Characterization of Phospholipid Growth‐Factor Receptors

The phospholipid growth-factor (PLGE) terminology is proposed to describe a group of endogenous glycerol- and sphingolipid mediators that regulate cell proliferation through plasma membrane receptors. In addition to LPA and SPP, multiple PLGFs are present in blood plasma and serum. PLGF activity is regulated by its stimulus-coupled production and by endogenous inhibitors. In addition to LPA and SPP, alkenyl-glycerophosphate, cyclic-phosphatidic acid, and sphingosylphosphorylcholine were detected in biological fluids using mass spectrometry. Heterologous desensitization studies indicate the expression of multiple LPA-activated receptors in a variety of cell types, which are differentially activated by the different PLGFs. Northern blot and RT-PCR results reinforce the coexpression of PSP24 alpha and different members of the EDG1-7 receptors in the same cell. Stable heterologous expression of the PSP24 alpha, EDG2, and EDG4 receptors in HEK293 cells show distinct PLGF specificities and dose-response properties for each receptor subtype. Thus, both the controlled availability of the different agonists/inhibitors and the regulated expression of their receptors regulate the biological effects of PLGFs.
Preliminary study of gun emittance correction

The standard emittance calculation removes linear correlations between transverse displacement r and the divergence r'. Higher-order correlations remain, and they are responsible for a substantial area in phase space which corresponds to the calculated emittance. Time dependent correlations are identified, and a procedure is proposed to remove them. The Brookhaven National Laboratory radio frequency (RF) gun has been studied; however, in order to demonstrate the desired effects more clearly, the accelerating field and bunch length have been assumed to be more optimistic than the present operating values. This approach reduces the realizable emittance by a factor of 5 with respect to the value before the correction. >
Hydro­gen bonding in 1H-naphth­[2,3-d]­imidazole

The title compound, C11H8N2, contains two essentially planar mol­ecules (A and B) in the asymmetric unit. Molecules of type B exhibit π–π stacking and form infinite zigzag chains along the a axis. A and B mol­ecules are linked by Namine—H⋯Nimine hydrogen bonds and form polymeric –A–B–A–B– criss-crossed chains approximately along the [110] and [\overline110] directions. The A mol­ecules show little evidence of π stacking and, in addition to the hydrogen bonds, appear to be held in the crystal structure primarily by C—H⋯π interactions. The geometric parameters of mol­ecules A and B agree well with each other and, where comparisons are appropriate, with those of a naphthimidazolium cation.
Neuropsin (OPN5)-mediated photoentrainment of local circadian oscillators in mammalian retina and cornea

The molecular circadian clocks in the mammalian retina are locally synchronized by environmental light cycles independent of the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) in the brain. Unexpectedly, this entrainment does not require rods, cones, or melanopsin (OPN4), possibly suggesting the involvement of another retinal photopigment. Here, we show that the ex vivo mouse retinal rhythm is most sensitive to short-wavelength light but that this photoentrainment requires neither the short-wavelength-sensitive cone pigment [S-pigment or cone opsin (OPN1SW)] nor encephalopsin (OPN3). However, retinas lacking neuropsin (OPN5) fail to photoentrain, even though other visual functions appear largely normal. Initial evidence suggests that OPN5 is expressed in select retinal ganglion cells. Remarkably, the mouse corneal circadian rhythm is also photoentrainable ex vivo, and this photoentrainment likewise requires OPN5. Our findings reveal a light-sensing function for mammalian OPN5, until now an orphan opsin.
Relating low-flow characteristics to the base flow recession time constant at partial record stream gauges

[1] Base flow recession information is helpful for regional estimation of low-flow characteristics. However, analyses that exploit such information generally require a continuous record of streamflow at the estimation site to characterize base flow recession. Here we propose a simple method for characterizing base flow recession at low-flow partial record stream gauges (i.e., sites with very few streamflow measurements under low-streamflow conditions), and we use that characterization as the basis for a practical new approach to low-flow regression. In a case study the introduction of a base flow recession time constant, estimated from a single pair of strategically timed streamflow measurements, approximately halves the root-mean-square estimation error relative to that of a conventional drainage area regression. Additional streamflow measurements can be used to reduce the error further.
Improved Time Series Reconstruction for Dynamic Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Time series of in vivo magnetic resonance images exhibit high levels of temporal correlation. Higher temporal resolution reconstructions are obtained by acquiring data at a fraction of the Nyquist rate and resolving the resulting aliasing using the correlation information. The dynamic imaging experiment is modeled as a linear dynamical system. A Kalman filter based unaliasing reconstruction is described for accelerated dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The algorithm handles arbitrary readout trajectories naturally. The reconstruction is causal and very fast, making it applicable to real-time imaging. In vivo results are presented for cardiac MRI of healthy volunteers.
Male and female strategies during intergroup encounters in guerezas (Colobus guereza): evidence for resource defense mediated through males and a comparison with other primates

Although socioecological theory predicts that differences in male and female parental investment will be reflected in their behavior during intergroup encounters, the strategies actually pursued by adults of each sex during intergroup encounters remain poorly known for most primate species. Over an 11-month period, I examined the functions of adult male and female participation in intergroup aggression in five groups of eastern black-and-white colobus monkeys, or guerezas (Colobus guereza), in the Kakamega Forest, Kenya. Guerezas are large-bodied arboreal African colobine monkeys that usually live in one-male multifemale groups, though multimale multifemale groups are not uncommon. During 174 study days, I observed 136 encounters, most of which were aggressive in nature. I evaluated the hypotheses that through intergroup aggression (1) males were directly defending mates, (2) males were indirectly defending mates by directly defending food resources, (3) males were attempting to attract mates via infanticide, and/or (4) females were defending food resources. I found strong evidence consistent with both the direct male mate defense and indirect male mate defense via resource defense hypotheses, but no evidence consistent with the male mate attraction via infanticide hypothesis. There was little evidence in favor of the female resource defense hypothesis beyond the fact that females occasionally participated in intergroup aggression in four of the five study groups. A review of the most intensive studies of primate intergroup encounters suggests that direct male mate defense may occur in almost all primate species, while female resource defense appears to be most common in species with high levels of female philopatry. The indirect male mate defense via resource defense strategy has rarely been evaluated and may be a more common male strategy than is currently believed. I present a hypothesis that predicts when male primates are expected to defend resources for females in their group.
Men’s Physical Strength Moderates Conceptualizations of Prospective Foes in Two Disparate Societies

Across taxa, strength and size are elementary determinants of relative fighting capacity; in species with complex behavioral repertoires, numerous additional factors also contribute. When many factors must be considered simultaneously, decision-making in agonistic contexts can be facilitated through the use of a summary representation. Size and strength may constitute the dimensions used to form such a representation, such that tactical advantages or liabilities influence the conceptualized size and muscularity of an antagonist. If so, and given the continued importance of physical strength in human male-male conflicts, a man's own strength will influence his conceptualization of the absolute size and strength of an opponent. In the research reported here, male participants' chest compression strength was compared with their estimates of the size and muscularity of an unfamiliar potential antagonist, presented either as a supporter of a rival sports team (Study 1, conducted in urban California, and Study 2, conducted in rural Fiji) or as a man armed with a handgun (Study 3, conducted in rural Fiji). Consistent with predictions, composite measures of male participants' estimates of the size/strength of a potential antagonist were inversely correlated with the participant's own strength. Therefore, consonant with a history wherein violent intrasexual selection has acted on human males, a man's own physical strength influences his representations of potential antagonists.
Kikuchi's Disease Masquerading As Refractory Lymphoma.

Positron emission tomographic (PET) scanning with a near-simultaneous computedtomography(CT)scan(ie, integrated PET-CT scan) is the preferred imaging modality for staging lymphomas. PET scanning detects Hodgkin lymphoma as well as the aggressive and most indolent non-Hodgkin lymphomas. PET-CT has become the standardof care for assessment of remission in patients with [F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-avid lymphomas, including Hodgkin lymphoma. The use of PET-CT scans for restaging is not without pitfalls. Although the sensitivity of a PET scan is nearly 100%, the positive predictive value is lower. We report the case of a woman with a history of Hodgkin lymphoma who was noted to have new lymphadenopathy in a restaging scan, implying progression of the disease. However, on further workup, it was determined that this was not the case.
ULTRASHORT PULSE SECOND-HARMONIC GENERATION IN OPTIMIZED NONLINEAR POLYMER THIN FILM STRUCTURES

Methods to optimize the generation of ultrashort second harmonic pulses are investigated. The goal is to maximize the conversion efficiency while maintaining a short pulse. The first method exploits the effects of anomalous-dispersion phase-matching. In a nonlinear polymer we show that an optimum concentration of chromophore exists that maximizes the conversion efficiency without causing unacceptable pulse-spreading. In the second method we use unipolar and bipolar quasi-phase-matched (QPM) structures to increase the nonlinear interaction length. Unipolar and bipolar QPM structures not only provide significant enhancement in ultrashort pulse second harmonic generation but also reduce the pulse distortion.
Settlement under the threat of conflict: The cost of asymmetric information

TI study a situation where two players disagree on the division of a good. In the first of two stages, the players can divide the good peacefully between them by signing a contract. If either or both players reject the contract, they must engage in a costly contest over the good. One of the players' valuation is assumed to be private information. The feasibility of a contract that divides the good between the players prior to the contest is determined by the expected contest outcome and thus also by the distribution of the private valuation. The findings can be applied to environmental conflicts, for example to shed some light on how a valuation study of ecosystem services in Lofoten can affect the probability of opening up the area for oil and gas exploration, and also the appropriate level of compensation to negatively affected parties.
Abstract T P385: Cortical Deficits and Prior Stroke Predict Stroke Recurrence in Patients with Mild Deficits

Background: Predictors of stroke recurrence after a transient ischemic attack have been studied and validated, however those in patients with mild deficits have not been established. Identifying predictors of stroke recurrence may help risk stratify patients based on their stroke risk. We hypothesize that patients with cortical deficits on the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) (language, neglect, and visual) are at higher risk of stroke recurrence than those without these deficits independent of other known predictors of recurrence. Methods: Data was retrieved from the Stroke Warning Information and Faster Treatment (SWIFT) study dataset. All patients with NIHSS between 0 and 5 and not treated with intravenous thrombolysis were included. Patients were prospectively followed from December 2006 to June 2011. Adjusted logistic regression models assessed the relationship between stroke recurrence and cortical deficits, baseline demographics, risk factors, and NIHSS score. Results: The sample included 894 patients; 108 (12%) had recurrent stroke over the study period. Cortical deficits (OR=1.84, p=0.05) were a predictor of recurrent stroke independently of other well characterized predictors including age, gender, ethnicity, hypertension, diabetes, and atrial fibrillation; history of prior stroke (OR=2.35, p=0.001) was an additional predictor of recurrent stroke. The other variables (age, gender, ethnicity, hypertension, diabetes, and atrial fibrillation) were not associated with risk of recurrent stroke. Conclusion: Cortical deficits and a prior stroke are predictors of stroke recurrence in this sample of patients with minor stroke enrolled in a randomized clinical trial. This group may be a target for more aggressive stroke prevention measures.
A Conspectus on Operator Modeling: Past, Present and Future

This paper presents an overview of the state of the art in human/operator modeling. The thrust of such a conspectus is towards describing the ongo ing research as well as some future possible applications resulting from the research, which are currently under investigation at the ManMachine System Laboratory at SUNY, Binghamton. The paper contains a brief description of conventional human operator models, such as: the Crossover Model, the Hess Structural Model, and the Optimal Control Model (OCM). Current trends in operator modeling are presented in this paper by work done by Zeyada and Hess at UCLA Davis and Hosman at Delft. The major element of the Zeyada and Hess research is that they extensively utilize intelligent computing tools such as Fuzzy Inference Systems and Genetic algorithms, along with conventional tools for operator modeling. The emphasis, however, of this section of the paper is on a description of the work done by Gary George and Frank Cardullo. Their research is primarily based on major modifications to the existing Hess model by adding the vestibular and somatosensory stimulation channels into the feedback of the model, for the purpose of evaluating the contributi on of simulator cueing devices to operator behavior. The vestibular stimulation channel contai ns models of the vestibular system, a motion platform and motion washouts. The somatosensory cueing channel contains a model of the Pacinian corpuscles a dynamic seat and its drive algorithm. The state-of-the-art research section of the conspectus represents the work done by Zaychik and Cardullo. The main thrust of this work is the development of a methodology of automated tuning of the parameters of the modified Hess model. The proposed algorithm heavily involves machine learning tools sometimes known as soft computing techniques. The automatic tuning of the model allow s for the real-time identification of a model of the operator of a vehicle. The paper contains the d escription of potential application in the area of flight safety as well as simulator/handling qualiti es evaluation.
Effects of Situation Awareness Training on Novice Process Control Plant Operators

This study investigated whether situation awareness training over and above current training practices could increase novice process control operators' system performance and situation awareness. We examined the possibility of explicitly training novices in such a way that they could quickly acquire some of the functional characteristics of experts and thereby more quickly improve performance and avoid errors. To answer this question, 24 two-member crews controlled a simulated process control plant. Participants who were exposed to the situation awareness training had better overall system performance in terms of both system stability and deviation from optimal operating conditions. Surprisingly, paper and pencil measures of the operators' situation awareness showed no significant increase in situation awareness after training. It appears as if carefully designed training programs have the potential to significantly increase novice operators' performance.
Building a Molecular Diagnostics Department

My name is Stephanie Wallace, and I am a lead technologist in the microbiology department at the OSF Saint Francis Medical Center (SFMC) System Laboratory in Peoria, IL. I am native to the central Illinois area and am pleased to work in an atmosphere in which I can serve my community. I received my undergraduate education at Illinois State University and received my master’s degree in training and development at the University of St. Francis. I have worked in the microbiology department for a little longer than 10 years. As a student going through clinical rotations, I enjoyed most areas of the clinical laboratory, but microbiology was the area of my strongest interest. I started working as a 2nd-shift microbiology technologist with OSF SFMC in 2002. Then, in 2004, I took my current position as a 1st-shift microbiology lead technologist. In addition … [↵][1]* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: stephanie.e.wallace{at}osfhealthcare.org [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Bioinspired Structured Surfaces

Nature has evolved objects with desired functionality using commonly found materials. Nature capitalizes on hierarchical structures to achieve functionality. The understanding of the functions provided by objects and processes found in nature can guide us to produce nanomaterials, nanodevices, and processes with desirable functionality. Various natural objects which provide functionality of commercial interest have been characterized to understand how a natural object provides functionality. We have modeled and fabricated structures in the lab using nature’s route and developed optimum structures. Once it is understood how nature does it, optimum structures have been fabricated using smart materials and fabrication techniques. This feature article provides an overview of four topics: Lotus effect, rose petal effect, gecko feet, and shark skin.
Interactive simulation tools for open-cycle desiccant cooling systems

A simulation package using object-oriented languages has been developed to model open-cycle desiccant cooling systems operating in the recirculation mode. Various basic components of the system have been simulated by a set of mathematical expressions. The components simulated include a gas burner, evaporative coolers, a heat exchanger, and a rotary adiabatic dehumidifier In this paper, a set of nonhomogeneous differential equations has been derived for the rotary dehumidifier, these equations are subsequently solved by a numerical method. The effect of the ambient and return air temperatures, humidity ratio, regeneration inlet temperature, and desorption angle on dehumidifier performance has been investigated and the results have been curve-fitted to obtain simple mathematical expressions. These expressions have subsequently been incorporated into the simulation package.
Temporal Clustering of Earthquakes: Examples from the Basin and Range Province

Accurate forecasting of earthquake hazards depends on whether seismicity is time-stationary or variable. Detailed studies of late Quaternary faulting in two parts of the Basin and Range suggest that seismicity cannot be considered time-stationary, and there may be temporal clustering of earthquakes. In west central Nevada there appear to be three “peaks” of activity, (1) the historical activity along the Nevada Seismic Belt, (2) a temporal cluster at 2,000–3,000 ya, (3) a duster at 5,000–6,000 ya. For the two older episodes the ages of faulting are determined by morphologic analysis of fault scarps. Similar analysis of Quaternary fault scarps in southeastern Arizona show clustering of events at 20,000–25,000 ya and 80,000–90,000 ya. In both Arizona and Nevada the temporal clustering is not related to spatial clustering. However, the historical Nevada activity shows a spatial correlation. Two basic issues need to be resolved: (1) why is there temporal clustering, and (2) how much communication is there between faults?
MicroRNAs in the Evaluation and Potential Treatment of Liver Diseases

Acute and chronic liver disease continue to result in significant morbidity and mortality of patients, along with increasing burden on their families, society and the health care system. This in part is due to increased incidence of liver disease associated factors such as metabolic syndrome; improved survival of patients with chronic predisposing conditions such as HIV; as well as advances in the field of transplantation and associated care leading to improved survival. The fact that one disease can result in different manifestations and outcomes highlights the need for improved understanding of not just genetic phenomenon predisposing to a condition, but additionally the role of epigenetic and environmental factors leading to the phenotype of the disease. It is not surprising that providers continue to face daily challenges pertaining to diagnostic accuracy, prognostication of disease severity, progression, and response to therapies. A number of these challenges can be addressed by incorporating a personalized approach of management to the current paradigm of care. Recent advances in the fields of molecular biology and genetics have paved the way to more accurate, individualized and precise approach to caring for liver disease. The study of microRNAs and their role in both healthy and diseased livers is one example of such advances. As these small, non-coding RNAs work on fine-tuning of cellular activities and organ function in a dynamic and precise fashion, they provide us a golden opportunity to advance the field of hepatology. The study of microRNAs in liver disease promises tremendous improvement in hepatology and is likely to lay the foundation towards a personalized approach in liver disease.
Double-outlet right ventricle with tunnel from left ventricle to aorta

The successful surgical correction of an unusual form of double-outlet right ventricle (DORV) in a 4-year-old boy is described. A long tunnel-like structure was present between the left ventricle and the aorta and also communicated with the right ventricle. Hemodynamic and angiographic evaluation demonstrated restrictive communications between the tunnel, the aorta, and each of the ventricles. A pathological concept explaining the anatomic abnormality seen in this patient is discussed.
ATM mutation and radiosensitivity: An opportunity in the therapy of mantle cell lymphoma

ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated) is a DNA damage signaling-initiation kinase which has diverse function in responding to genotoxic stress to maintain its genomic integrity. Cells harboring loss-of-function ATM deficiencies demonstrate extreme radiosensitivity. The scope of radiotherapy has been considered very limited among patients with biallelic mutations or deletions of ATM due to its toxic effect on normal tissue. Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a highly chemo-refractory tumor with generally poor outcome, especially if the patients develop resistance to frontline drugs. ATM is the most frequently mutated gene in MCL and recent experimental evidence demonstrated that this mutational status can be taken advantage of using radiotherapy. Radiotherapy should be considered in the treatment of mantle cell lymphoma with a curative intent.
Validation of the SIMPLE STEPS Model of Suicide Assessment

The SIMPLE STEPS (McGlothlin, 2008) model of suicide assessment provides clinicians with a comprehensive mnemonic framework for assessing suicide lethality. It provides a broader context to assess suicide compared to other mnemonic devices with similar intent (i.e., PLAID, PIMP, IS PATH WARM, etc.) In this article, six years of data (N = 13,423 records of individual callers to a suicide prevention hotline) were analyzed. Via regression analysis, the researchers examined the relationship of the SIMPLE STEPS variables to caller's suicide lethality. It was found that all variables of the SIMPLE STEPS model predicted suicide lethality. Furthermore, this article depicts one of the few evidence-based studies for using a mnemonic device in practice. The results of this study have implications for the general practice of assessing suicidal clients with mnemonic devices and the general treatment of suicidal clients.
The auditory template hypothesis: a review and comparative perspective

Studies of vocal development in the white-crowned sparrow, Zonotrichia leucophrys, and other songbirds led to Peter Marler's formulation of the auditory template hypothesis. According to this hypothesis, young songbirds possess an auditory template system that serves three functions in song learning: to focus attention on appropriate song models during the sensitive period, to facilitate memorization of these models, and later, to guide motor development of song during the sensorimotor phase. Marler postulated two types of innate templates: latent templates that require activation by external input, and preactive templates that do not. Here, I review experiments that examined the specifications of these templates in the white-crowned sparrow and suggest that this system also serves a fourth function, acting to shape the final repertoire at the end of song development. I then discuss the template system in a comparative context, first reviewing the influence of results from several species on the derivation of the auditory template hypothesis and then describing variation in several aspects of auditory templates across species. Finally, I address ways in which the template model can continue to be informative in the comparative study of song learning.
Superior Gluteal Artery Perforator Flap for Breast Reconstruction

Autologous breast reconstruction with the superior gluteal artery perforator flap is described including indications, preoperative marking, key intraoperative steps including a dictation example, and postoperative care.
Open Up and Say “Baa”: Examining the Stomachs of Ruminant Livestock and the Real Subsumption of Nature

ABSTRACTThis article examines the stomachs of ruminant livestock as a site of biotechnological intervention and analyzes efforts to reengineer ruminant digestion as a case of the real subsumption of nature. The livestock industry’s capacity to increase production is constrained by available grazing land and concern about environmental consequences of ever-increasing livestock numbers. Ruminants are also a significant source of greenhouse gases and the mitigation of methane is a recognized priority within the global climate framework. The pursuit of “sustainable intensification” and new technological fixes have been identified as preferred responses to these constraints. The case of ruminant methane calls into question assumptions about the primacy of accumulation, rather than regulation, in driving the real subsumption of nature. The pursuit of technological fixes within biologically based industries may be motivated by a need to stabilize the conditions of production, and regulation itself can provide an...
Mode Behavior of VCSELs With Impurity-Induced Disordering

This letter explores the modal behavior of oxide-confined vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with varying emission apertures defined by impurity-induced disordering (IID) via closed ampoule zinc diffusion. A 1-D plane wave propagation method is used to calculate the mirror loss as a function of IID strength and depth. The devices are fabricated with masked areas ranging from approximately 70%-110% of the oxide aperture defining an unmodified emission aperture designed to overlap mainly with the fundamental mode. An analysis of the transverse mode lasing characteristics and mode-dependent thermal characteristics demonstrates a decrease in thermal performance associated with the increasing overlap between the IID ring and supported optical modes of the VCSEL cavity. A single-mode output power of 1.6 mW with over 30 dBm side-mode suppression ration is achieved from a 3 μm device with an IID-defined output aperture of approximately 1.3 μm. The optimal IID emission aperture to oxide aperture ratio for maximizing the single-fundamental-mode output power is experimentally measured.