cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The politicalization of deviance

Brian Segal, Ph.D., is Assistant Professor, Flor ida State University, Tallahassee, Florida. This paper is adapted from one presented to the Leon County Association for Community Ser vices, Tallahassee, Florida, October 7, 1971. Every society produces marginal men whose contacts with major social institutions in variably occur as clients rather than parti cipants. These encounters create a de pendency relationship in which the client's subordinate status virtually ensures his lack of individual autonomy as to when, how, and with which social institutions he will
A new semiconductor junction diode space charge layer capacitance model

A new expression for the semiconductor junction diode space-charge capacitance has been derived. This new equation preserves the traditional meaning of zero-voltage capacitance and built-in potential and, without introducing any new fitting parameters of its own, eliminates the fitting parameter FC currently used in SPICE. In a single expression, the new model provides an accurate model for the junction capacitance for all reverse bias voltages and for forward bias up to the built-in voltage. Both the capacitance expression and its derivatives are continuous finite values of the diode capacitance for all junction voltages. A charge expression for this new model is also presented, and it is shown that with this expression charge conservation is preserved in circuit simulators. >
Biochemical predictors of preterm labor: fetal fibronectin and salivary estriol

Preterm birth is a major complication of pregnancy and remains a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Improvements in the authors' understanding of the pathophysiology of preterm labor have led to the development of novel diagnostic tools of use to identify women at greatest risk for preterm birth. Currently two FDA-approved biochemical tests are available in the United States: (1) fetal fibronectin and (2) salivary estriol. The presence of a positive fetal fibronectin test in the midtrimester of pregnancy is strongly associated with early spontaneous preterm birth. In contrast, a positive salivary estriol test is associated with late preterm birth, thus limiting its clinical use. Both tests have low test sensitivity and are currently used clinically for their negative predictive values. That is, women who screen negative are at very low risk for preterm birth and, thus, no interventions are indicated to prevent preterm birth. Women with a positive test are at increased risk and would be candidates for intervention. One of the main limitations of fetal fibronectin and salivary estriol, and an array of other proposed markers, is the fact that while these markers may aid in identification of women at increased risk for preterm birth, the authors currently have no clearly effective obstetric interventions for preterm-birth prevention in these high-risk women. Use of tocolytics, antimicrobials, or progesterone therapy currently has limited or unproven benefit in the management of women deemed at increased risk using these markers. Thus, until effective targeted obstetric interventions are available, the use of biochemical markers to identify women at increase risk for preterm birth remains largely research tools.
Measuring Wealth Generation in Early-Stage Entrepreneurial Organizations: An Alternative to the Capital Asset Pricing Model

There is no generally accepted measure of wealth created by new ventures, as most early-stage firms do not have positive cash flows, and early-stage discount rates cannot be estimated with sufficient accuracy as required by the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). Through regression analysis of organizational economic value, as assessed by a sample of 145 CPAs, this research supports using a new economic evaluation methodology involving the use of early-stage organizational structure itself as a construct and predictor of economic value. The current research employs a Validated Nascent Organizational Structure Sequence (VNOSS) model as an alternative to CAP-M in establishing the perceived economic value of early-stage entrepreneurial firms. The small business owner that utilizes the strategy of taking the firm through the VNOSS stages will create greater economic wealth. There is a substantial discussion of the implications of the applied research results.
The GLRT for statistical process control of autocorrelated processes

This paper presents an on-line Statistical Process Control (SPC) technique, based on a Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test (GLRT), for detecting and estimating mean shifts in autocorrelated processes that follow a normally distributed Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model. The GLRT is applied to the uncorrelated residuals of the appropriate time-series model. The performance of the GLRT is compared to two other commonly applied residual-based tests ‐ a Shewhart individuals chart and a CUSUM test. A wide range of ARIMA models are considered, with the conclusion that the best residual-based test to use depends on the particular ARIMA model used to describe the autocorrelation. For many models, the GLRT performance is far superior to either a CUSUM or Shewhart test, while for others the diAerence is negligible or the CUSUM test performs slightly better. Simple, intuitive guidelines are provided for determining which residual-based test to use. Additional advantages of the GLRT are that it directly provides estimates of the magnitude and time of occurrence of the mean shift, and can be used to distinguish diAerent types of faults, e.g., a sustained mean shift versus a temporary spike.
Integrating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Depression Treatment Among African Americans A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine whether integrating depression treatment into care for type 2 diabetes mellitus among older African Americans improved medication adherence, glycemic control, and depression outcomes. Methods Older African Americans prescribed pharmacotherapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus and depression from physicians at a large primary care practice in west Philadelphia were randomly assigned to an integrated care intervention or usual care. Adherence was assessed at baseline, 2, 4, and 6 weeks using the Medication Event Monitoring System to assess adherence. Outcomes assessed at baseline and 12 weeks included standard laboratory tests to measure glycemic control and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) to assess depression. Results In all, 58 participants aged 50 to 80 years participated. The proportion of participants who had 80% or greater adherence to an oral hypoglycemic (intervention 62.1% vs usual care 24.1%) and an antidepressant (intervention 62.1% vs usual care 10.3%) was greater in the intervention group in comparison with the usual care group at 6 weeks. Participants in the integrated care intervention had lower levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (intervention 6.7% vs usual care 7.9%) and fewer depressive symptoms (CES-D mean scores: intervention 9.6 vs usual care 16.6) compared with participants in the usual care group at 12 weeks. Conclusion A pilot randomized controlled trial integrating type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment and depression was successful in improving outcomes among older African Americans. Integrated interventions may be more feasible and effective in real-world practices with competing demands for limited resources.
Herpesviruses and heparan sulfate: an intimate relationship in aid of viral entry

Glycosaminoglycan chains on cell surface proteoglycans provide initial docking sites for the binding to eukaryotic cells of various viruses and other microorganisms. The ubiquitously expressed glycosaminoglycan heparan sulfate is particularly important in this regard, at least for viruses. Often, binding of a viral protein to heparan sulfate is only the first step in a cascade of interactions between virus and cell that is required for viral entry into the cell and the initiation of infection. The steps that occur after binding of virus to heparan sulfate may require the interaction of other
Influence of nar (nitrate reductase) genes on nitrate inhibition of formate-hydrogen lyase and fumarate reductase gene expression in Escherichia coli K-12.

In Escherichia coli, aerobiosis inhibits the synthesis of enzymes for anaerobic respiration (e.g., nitrate reductase and fumarate reductase) and for fermentation (e.g., formate-hydrogen lyase). Anaerobically, nitrate induces nitrate reductase synthesis and inhibits the formation of both fumarate reductase and formate-hydrogen lyase. Previous work has shown that narL+ is required for the effects of nitrate on synthesis of both nitrate reductase and fumarate reductase. Another gene, narK (whose function is unknown), has no observable effect on formation of these enzymes. We report here our studies on the role of nar genes in fumarate reductase and formate-hydrogen lyase gene expression. We observed that insertions in narX (also of unknown function) significantly relieved nitrate inhibition of fumarate reductase gene expression. This phenotype was distinct from that of narL insertions, which abolished this nitrate effect under certain growth conditions. In contrast, insertion mutations in narK and narGHJI (the structural genes for the nitrate reductase enzyme complex) significantly relieved nitrate inhibition of formate-hydrogen lyase gene expression. Insertions in narL had a lesser effect, and insertions in narX had no effect. We conclude that nitrate affects formate-hydrogen lyase synthesis by a pathway distinct from that for nitrate reductase and fumarate reductase.
Studies of (±)-3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) Metabolism and Disposition in Rats and Mice: Relationship to Neuroprotection and Neurotoxicity Profile

The neurotoxicity of (±)-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; “Ecstasy”) is influenced by temperature and varies according to species. The mechanisms underlying these two features of MDMA neurotoxicity are unknown, but differences in MDMA metabolism have recently been implicated in both. The present study was designed to 1) assess the effect of hypothermia on MDMA metabolism, 2) determine whether the neuroprotective effect of hypothermia is related to inhibition of MDMA metabolism, and 3) determine if different neurotoxicity profiles in mice and rats are related to differences in MDMA metabolism and/or disposition in the two species. Rats and mice received single neurotoxic oral doses of MDMA at 25°C and 4°C, and body temperature, pharmacokinetic parameters, and serotonergic and dopaminergic neuronal markers were measured. Hypothermia did not alter MDMA metabolism in rats and only modestly inhibited MDMA metabolism in mice; however, it afforded complete neuroprotection in both species. Rats and mice metabolized MDMA in a similar pattern, with 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine being the major metabolite, followed by 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymethamphetamine and 3,4-dihydroxymethamphetamine, respectively. Differences between MDMA pharmacokinetics in rats and mice, including faster elimination in mice, did not account for the different profile of MDMA neurotoxicity in the two species. Taken together, the results of these studies indicate that inhibition of MDMA metabolism is not responsible for the neuroprotective effect of hypothermia in rodents, and that different neurotoxicity profiles in rats and mice are not readily explained by differences in MDMA metabolism or disposition.
Do automated red cell exchanges relieve priapism in patients with sickle cell anemia

Priapism is a dramatic, painful complication for some men afflicted by sickle cell anemia. Although the natural history remains unclear, many believe replacing the patient's abnormal red blood cells (RBCs) with normal RBCs by apheresis is effective. However, no controlled trials have demonstrated its effectiveness. We exchanged 7 men after medical management failed. All procedures reduced sickle hemoglobin levels to < 30%. Two patients underwent emergency automated red cell exchanges without any detumescence or reduction of pain. The remaining 5 patients were exchanged non-emergently; 4 experienced no detumescence or relief of pain. One adult experienced resolution 8 h postexchange. However, he had a history of "stuttering" priapism. All required decompression procedures. Automated RBC exchanges were not effective in achieving detumescence or reducing pain.
Gas Centrifuge Theory and Development: A Review of U.S. Programs

This article gives a historical and technical review of the U.S. gas centrifuge efforts between 1934 and 1985. The first section tells of how the United States initially led in centrifuge design, only to abandon the still-immature technology in the midst of the Manhattan Project. While interest in the technology continued in Europe, the United States decided that centrifuges were not a viable alternative to existing gaseous-diffusion plants. Five years later, U.S. spies learned of important Soviet achievements in centrifuge design, which, it appeared, might place centrifuges in direct competition with gaseous diffusion. When combined with European enthusiasm for the centrifuge, the United States faced the prospect of losing its control on the enrichment market in the West. Accordingly, the United States organized a program to rebuild its centrifuge dominance. Over the next 25 years, it led the world in machine performance but ultimately failed to commercialize its designs for a variety of reasons. The bas...
Luminescence spectroelectrochemistry in thin layer cells: Theory and experimental verification

Abstract In general, only one member of a redox couple will be luminescent if redox activity and luminescence originate in the same molecular feature. Moreover, diffusion controlled quenching by the nonluminescent form, through energy or electron transfer, is a likely decay route for a long-lived excited state. Thin layer spectroelectrochemical theory for such a system was derived from the Nernst and Stern-Volmer equations. The tris(2,2′-bipyridine) complex of osmium(II/III) in 1.0 M H 2 SO 4 was chosen as a test case. The luminescence of [Os(bpy) 3 2+ ] * , emitted from an optically transparent thin layer electrode, was monitored as a function of potential. As in the absorbance mode experiment, analysis of the data via Nernst plots proved to be an excellent means of determining n and E 0 ′, despite the intrusion of photochemical processes in the test system. In addition, the luminescence mode experiment was found to be a useful probe of quenching behavior.
Critical review of lymphomatoid papulosis of the oral cavity with case report

A 60-year-old woman was referred to the Department of Dental Medicine at Long Island Jewish Medical Center for evaluation of multiple lesions of the tongue. She reported a long history of recurrent papular cutaneous eruptions that waxed and waned. A biopsy specimen of one of the cutaneous lesions was diagnosed as lymphomatoid papulosis. Sporadic, recurrent oral ulcers that resolved spontaneously were noted 10 to 14 days before the initial visit. These ulcers had recurred for the past 17 years. The most recent oral lesion was an erythematous, irregular, solitary ulcerated area on the middle third dorsum of tongue. The area quickly enlarged, ultimately developing extensive surface necrosis. Shortly after, a similar lesion on the posterior dorsum of the tongue developed. Biopsy specimens of the former lesion showed numerous, large, atypical, pleomorphic, and hyperchromatic cells with abundant mitoses. The large, atypical cells were immunohistochemically proven to be T lymphocytes. A diagnosis of lymphomatoid papulosis was made. Two weeks later, the tongue lesions had spontaneously and totally resolved. The clinical, histomorphologic, and immunohistochemical features, as well as gene rearrangement studies of this rare entity, are presented.
Ribonucleic acid synthesis in regenerating liver of irradiated adrenalectomized rats.

SummaryThe effect of whole-body irradiation on RNA synthesis in regenerating and non-growing livers was studied in intact and adrenalectomized rats. The animals were divided into four sub-groups: (1) control; (2) irradiation only; (3) partially-hepatectomized; and (4) irradiated partially-hepatectomized. Newly-synthesized RNA was determined by 30 or 40 min uptake of (6-14C) orotic acid. Both nuclear and polyribosomal RNA synthesis in regenerating livers of adrenalectomized rats were depressed below their control levels, regardless of whether irradiation was 2 hours before or 2 hours after partial hepatectomy. Specific radioactivity values of regenerating livers of adrenal intact and adrenalectomized rats were elevated above those of the non-growing livers from irradiated and unirradiated rats.
Bank Organization, Market Structure and Risk Taking: Theory and Evidence from U.S. Commercial Banks

This paper examines (1) the change in commercial banks’ risk taking as states in the United States removed restrictions on bank branching within state borders and (2) the channels through which the removal of these restrictions affect bank risk taking. I find that, after the liberalization of branching restrictions, banks that do not expand their branch network into other markets decrease risk taking, while expanding banks do not change risk taking. Existing theories, which focus on the importance of market structure on risk taking, are not able to explain this pattern. Therefore I provide a theoretical framework, building on theories from organizational economics, which can account for this by showing that non-expanding banks have a comparative advantage in lending to informationally difficult borrowers, which induces them to lower risk taking as competitors expand. Empirical evidence supports this channel and highlights the importance of borrower information, since nonexpanding banks decrease risk taking more as competitors expand if they operate in a county with more informationally difficult borrowers.
Disease-modifying medical therapy in phenotypically overt hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a case of too little, too late?

Despite being the most common inherited cardiac disorder, there has been a dearth of randomised studies looking at disease-modifying pharmacological therapy in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). This may in part be due to the fact that while it has been established that HCM is a disease of the heart muscle caused by mutations in sarcomeric proteins, there is as yet no consensus on the exact underlying pathophysiological mechanism in this disease process. Therefore, medical therapy in HCM is focused on symptom control and based mainly on observational data, with little research done on pharmacotherapy that may alter the natural history of the disease.1 ,2 A recent review found that since the 1950s when HCM was first described, only 45 pharmacological studies have been done, enrolling approximately 2100 patients, of which only 5 studies were randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trials.3 It was in this background of limited knowledge that the initial small studies to assess the effect of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in HCM were conducted, with equivocal results in terms of the effect on left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy.4–8 Subsequently, Axelsson et al 9 published the original results of the INHERIT trial (INHibition of the renin angiotensin system in HCM and the Effect on hypertrophy—a Randomised Intervention Trial …
Open access appointing in Army primary care clinics.

ABSTRACT The open access model, also referred to as advanced or same-day appointments, is a new concept in managing patient appointments. More than 70% of the Army’s primary care clinics currently use an antiquated system that inherently provides for a delay of medical services and lacks continuity of care. Although many providers and administrators believe delay and the lack of continuity of care are associated with a lack of resources, many studies prove otherwise. Open access is predicated on the principal that providers do today’s work today. Patients calling to schedule an appointment with their provider are offered a same-day appointment. To achieve this, clinic chiefs and administrators must conduct an in-depth analysis of their true demand and current resources. Clinic staffs who have a strong commitment to change will be able to convert to an open access model whereby they are able to increase patient and provider satisfaction.
Party Structure, Information, and Coalition Durability: The Relevance of NATO in the Global War on Terror

ABSTRACTUsing the test cases of Afghanistan and Iraq, this study illustrates how alliances work to mitigate the conflicting frames that party structure and media access provide in the Global War on Terror, which leads to more cohesiveness in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)–led coalition in Afghanistan as opposed to the U.S.-led coalition in Iraq. The approach utilized here extends the theory on alliance capability and uncertainty by arguing that alliances reduce uncertainty among member states on a strategic objective. This is particularly relevant when examining asymmetric, limited conflicts, where party structures and media access can work to disseminate conflicting frames to a domestic populace, who then can pressure their leader to withdraw from a coalition. The implications of these findings lend support to the continued relevance of NATO in the twenty-first-century security arena.
Graphite Intercalation Compounds as Actuation Materials

The intrinsic electrochemical behavior of Graphite Intercalated Compounds (GICs) during formation offers the potential for high-force, high-strain solid-state actuation applications. To explore this behavior we submitted a “model” system, highly-oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG)/sulfuric acid (H2 SO4 ), to axial compressive loads from 0 to 8 MPa, and measured the intercalation response in terms of voltage and displacement. We observed strains greater than 30% between 2 and 6 MPa, confirming the potential of GIC formation as a viable actuating mechanism. Further studies are planned in order to perform more precise analysis and examine alternate GICs.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Relationship between sleep stages and metabolic rate in humans

Differences in sleeping metabolic rate (SMR) among subjects may be related to different levels of energy expenditure associated with sleep stages. The relationship between energy expenditure and sleep stages was investigated overnight in 29 subjects (14 Caucasians and 15 Pima Indians, 18 males and 11 females; mean +/- SD, 31 +/- 7 yr, 83 +/- 26 kg, 27 +/- 11% fat). Sleep stages were determined by electroencephalogram recording, whereas energy expenditure was measured in a 1,000-liter Plexiglas sleep box constructed around a bed as a fast-response open-circuit indirect calorimeter. Eighty-five percent of the interindividual variability in SMR was explained by differences in fat-free mass, fat mass, age, sex, and race (r2 = 0.85). The intra-individual variance in SMR over time was related to sleep stages and to clock time. Within subjects, SMR in stage 3 was significantly lower than in stage 2 (-39 +/- 18 kcal/day; P < 0.05) and rapid eye movement sleep (-51 +/- 23 kcal/day; P < 0.05). Also, sleep stages were associated with different respiratory quotients. Because sleep stages are associated with only small differences in energy metabolism, our results suggest that sleep stages play a minor role in the variance of SMR among subjects. However, the duration of sleep may contribute to the variability of 24-h energy expenditure.
On the Emotive Language of WangYi's Chu-ci-zhang-ju

Language of WangYi's Chu-ci-zhang-ju has strong emotion.This relates to its language peculiarity.On the one hand,it resorts to special cohesion to express the emotion.The second,diversiforms of language rhetoric of Chu-ci-zhang-ju buildup effect of expression,strengthen the sensation.The third,poetry-format combining the other language type,such as Dui-ou and Pai-bi,form the rhythm and mutative style,expressing emotion more richly.So,We can say that WangYi takes advantage of annotation's function to express the emotion,acclimatizing itself to Chu-ci's circumstances.The relations of Chu-ci-zhang-ju and Chu-ci are harmonious from their characteristics of emotion.
Design Livre: designing locally, cannibalizing globally

Design Livre is a conversation about creative ways of resisting the bad effects of globalization, such as technological dependence. This article tells the story of how this conversation started, where is it going now, and what is the relevance of its underlying topics.
The English Country Estate and the Landscape’s Nation

When considering the development of secular architecture and the reorganization of the perception of landscape through the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries as a means of expressing national ideas, we need to confront particular generic models and conventions. As we saw in Chapter 1, Niklaus Pevsner’s highly influential Reith lecture for the BBC in 1955 entitled “The Englishness of English Art” was an attempt to identify specific fundamental traits intrinsic to the nation that were manifest in certain forms of cultural production. During that special moment of national reconstruction after WWII, Pevsner argued that distinctive and enduring characteristics of English art such as “the Flaming Line” and the profundity of Perpendicularity were, across centuries, written and built into the national consciousness. A year or so after Pevsner’s lecture, G. R. Hibbard began his formative article, “The Country House Poem of the Seventeenth Century,” by drawing another line. Through the poetry of the early seventeenth century there runs a thin but clearly defined tradition of poems in praise of the English country house and of the whole way of life of which the country house was the centre. Once the line is recognized, there emerges a homogenous body of poetry which is not only a considerable achievement in its own right, marked as it is, by strong ethical thought and by a certain sobriety and weight of utterance, but which is also of peculiar interest to all who are concerned about the relation of poetry to the society from which it springs.1
Relief of Xylose Binding to Cellobiose Phosphorylase by a Single Distal Mutation.

Cellobiose phosphorylase (CBP) cleaves cellobiose—abundant in plant biomass—to glucose and glucose 1-phosphate. However, the pentose sugar xylose, also abundant in plant biomass, acts as a mixed-inhibitor and a substrate for the reverse reaction, limiting the industrial potential of CBP. Preventing xylose, which lacks only a single hydroxymethyl group relative to glucose, from binding to the CBP active site poses a spatial challenge for protein engineering, since simple steric occlusion cannot be used to block xylose binding without also preventing glucose binding. Using CRISPR-based chromosomal library selection, we identified a distal mutation in CBP, Y47H, responsible for improved cellobiose consumption in the presence of xylose. In silico analysis suggests this mutation may alter the conformation of the cellobiose phosphorylase dimer complex to reduce xylose binding to the active site. These results may aid in engineering carbohydrate phosphorylases for improved specificity in biofuel production, and ...
The Geometry of Electron Diffraction Patterns

An object illuminated by an incident wave field produces a characteristic diffraction pattern, measured as a function of scattering angle, at a large distance from the object.
Soft error rate and stored charge requirements in advanced high-density SRAMs

This work presents a quantitative model which attributes most soft errors in dense SRAMs not to alpha particles as is commonly accepted, but to cosmic ray events. This work also elucidates for the first time the stored charge required in SRAM cells to achieve acceptable soft error rates. Enhancements to add capacitance are necessary at the 4 Megabit level and beyond. One method of enhancing the cell capacitance is reported in detail. >
Characterization and electrochemical activities of nanostructured transition metal nitrides as cathode materials for lithium sulfur batteries

Abstract The Lithium Sulfur (Li–S) battery system is one of the most promising candidates for electric vehicle applications due to its higher energy density when compared to conventional lithium ion batteries. However, there are some challenges facing Li−S battery commercialization, such as: low active material utilization, high self-discharge rate, and high rate of capacity fade. In this work, a series of transition metal nitrides: Tungsten nitride (WN), Molybdenum Nitride (Mo2N), and Vanadium Nitride (VN) was investigated as cathode materials for lithium polysulfide conversion reactions. Capacities of 697, 569, and 264 mAh g−1 were observed for WN, Mo2N, VN, respectively, with 8 mg cm−2 loading, after 100 cycles at a 0.1 C rate. WN higher electrochemical performance may be attributed to a strong reversible reaction between nitrides and polysulfide, which retains the sulfur species on the electrode surface, and minimizes the active material and surface area loss. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis was performed to gain a better understanding of the mechanism underlying each metal nitride redox reactions.
Sources of conflict between developers and testers in software development

Conflict between software developers and testers is inevitable. Prior work on such conflict has focused on conflict management but not on its prevention. We addressed the research question: What are the sources of interpersonal conflict between developers and testers in software development? To attempt to answer this, we collected and analyzed 50 developer-tester conflict scenarios from professional software developers and testers. Our results indicated that the sources of conflict fell into three major areas: process, people, and communication. Conflict sources are presented in a category-subcategory-description format. Implications for theory and practice in the proactive management of conflict sources are discussed.
Photoinduced electron transfer from rylenediimide radical anions and dianions to Re(bpy)(CO)3 using red and near-infrared light

A major goal of artificial photosynthesis research is photosensitizing highly reducing metal centers using as much as possible of the solar spectrum reaching Earth's surface. The radical anions and dianions of rylenediimide (RDI) dyes, which absorb at wavelengths as long as 950 nm, are powerful photoreductants with excited state oxidation potentials that rival or exceed those of organometallic chromophores. These dyes have been previously incorporated into all-organic donor–acceptor systems, but have not yet been shown to reduce organometallic centers. This study describes a set of dyads in which perylenediimide (PDI) or naphthalenediimide (NDI) chromophores are attached to Re(bpy)(CO)3 through either the bipyridine ligand or more directly to the Re center via a pyridine ligand. The chromophores are reduced with a mild reducing agent, after which excitation with long-wavelength red or near-infrared light leads to reduction of the Re complex. The kinetics of electron transfer from the photoexcited anions to the Re complex are monitored using transient visible/near-IR and mid-IR spectroscopy, complemented by theoretical spectroscopic assignments. The photo-driven charge shift from the reduced PDI or NDI to the complex occurs in picoseconds regardless of whether PDI or NDI is attached to the bipyridine or to the Re center, but back electron transfer is found to be three orders of magnitude slower with the chromophore attached to the Re center. These results will inform the design of future catalytic systems that incorporate RDI anions as chromophores.
Appropriate Resource Utilization in Portable Noninvasive Vascular Studies: The Role of Disruptive Technology:

PurposeCommon reasons for avoiding portable noninvasive vascular laboratory (VL) studies include degraded study quality, repetitive stress injuries, the wear and tear of equipment, and inefficiency. We examined the efficiency of portable VL studies in the context of productivity and potential loss of revenue.MethodsFrom January 2005 to March 2005, sonographers in the VL recorded the time required to conduct “in-lab” and portable studies with conventional full-size scanners. A blended average based on frequency of portable studies within different areas of the hospital was used to determine the additional time required to conduct a portable study. The sonographer also made a qualitative assessment on the necessity of the portable study in each case.ResultsThe VL performed an average of 31 portable studies (18% of total studies) per week. On average, portable testing increased overall study time by 17.7 min per test and 1.8 h per day, resulting in 9.1 h of additional study time lost per week. The potential ...
Bammel, G., & Burrus-Bammel, L.L. (1996). Leisure & Human Behavior (3rd ed.)

(1997). Bammel, G., & Burrus-Bammel, L.L. (1996). Leisure & Human Behavior (3rd ed.) SCHOLE: A Journal of Leisure Studies and Recreation Education: Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 145-146.
Modeling conflicts between agents in a design context

This chapter discusses the use of fine-grained agents to investigate conflicts during multi-agent design. Our goal is to study in detail the interactions, conflicts and conflict resolution that is possible with such a multi-agent system. The approach is to use Single Function Agents (SiFAs), each of which can perform a very specialized task, from a single point of view. These different points of view usually cause conflicts among agents, and these conflicts need to be resolved in order for the design process to be successful. This chapter presents a model of conflicts and negotiations in the SiFA framework, including a hierarchy of possible conflicts.
A neural networks-based in-process adaptive surface roughness control (NN-IASRC) system in end-milling operations

In this research, the neural networks-based in-process adaptive surface roughness control (NN-IASRC) system employing multiple cutting tools was successfully developed for end-milling operations. The dynamometer sensor was used to monitor the uncontrolled cutting tool conditions to increase the accuracy of the surface roughness control. An empirical approach was applied to discover the proper cutting force signals, the average resultant peak force in XY plane (Fop) and the absolute average force in the Z direction (Fas). These two forces were employed to represent the uncontrollable cutting tool conditions for surface roughness control. A statistical method was employed to verify that the cutting tools could influence the surface roughness, and obtain the correlation between surface roughness and the cutting force signals for the preparation of constructing the NN-IASRC system. A neural networks theorem was successfully applied to build the NN-IASRC system. The neural networks associated with sensing technology were applied as a decision-making technique to control the surface roughness for a wide range of machining parameters. The NN-IASRC system consisted of two subsystems. One was the in-process neural networks based surface roughness prediction (INN-SRP) system, which was employed to predict the surface roughness. The other was the neural networks based adaptive machining parameters control (NN-APMC) system, which was utilized to adjust the adaptive degree of feed rate when the quality of predicted surface roughness did not fit the desired one. The accuracy of the INN-SRP system was 93 %, and 100% for the NN-IASRC system. The high accuracy of results within a wide range of machining parameters indicates that the system can be practically applied in industry.
Non-Gaussian Signal Detection: How Much Can Massive MIMO Help?

The radio frequency spectrum is occupied with authorized and unauthorized user activities which might include noise and interference. Detection of signals-of-interest (SOI) and differentiation from non-signals-of-interest (NSOI) are therefore crucial for frequency use management. There is a wide variety of signals in a desired radio spectrum band, which leads to the application of Signal Intelligence (SIGINT) to detect and identify signals in real-time. In this paper, we study the problem of non-Gaussian signal detection when the receivers are configured with a large number of antennas (or the massive antenna regime). First, we investigate the performance of signal detection with massive MIMO when the transmitted signals are generated from a Gaussian distribution. For the detection of Gaussian signals, we consider the Neyman-Pearson (NP) detector. Then, we focus on the performance of non-Gaussian signal detection with massive MIMO, which is one of the main objectives of this paper. We show that the NP detector gives poor performance for non-Gaussian signals in low signal-to- noise-ratio (SNR). Therefore, we propose to use a bispectrum detector, which contains the Gaussian noise and reveals the non-Gaussian information that exists in the signal. We present the theoretical analysis for asymptotic behavior of Probability of False Alarm (PFA) and Probability of Detection (PD) when the transmitter sends Gaussian and non-Gaussian signals. We show the performance of signal detection (for both Gaussian and non-Gaussian signals) as a function of the number of antennas and sampling rate. We also obtain the scaling behavior of the performance in the massive antenna regime.
A Fatal Case of Influenza B Myocarditis with Cardiac Tamponade

Background. Influenza B is generally regarded as a less severe counterpart to influenza A, typically causing mild upper respiratory symptoms. Myocardial involvement with influenza B is a rare complication, better described in children than adults. However, when it occurs, it can lead to profound myocarditis with progression to shock requiring aggressive supportive care. Case Presentation. We present a case of cardiac tamponade in the setting of influenza B infection in a previously healthy 57-year-old woman, with progression to refractory shock and death. Autopsy revealed myocardial necrosis with infiltration of CD3+ lymphocytes, and little evidence of viral pneumonia. Conclusions. Myocarditis is a rare complication of influenza B in adults, and subsequent pericardial effusion with tamponade physiology is a previously unreported event in an otherwise healthy adult without other medical comorbidities. While rare, this is a serious and potentially fatal complication that clinicians should be aware of when evaluating a patient with suspected viral illness who is exhibiting shock physiology.
The Potential Role of Ultrasound in the Work-up of Appendicitis in the Emergency Department.

Abstract Background Acute appendicitis is common in the adult emergency department (ED). Computed tomography (CT) scan is frequently used to diagnose this condition, but ultrasound (US)—commonly used in pediatric diagnosis—may also have a role. Objectives Review the clinical utility and define the frequency and diagnostic accuracy of US to diagnose appendicitis in an adult population in the ED setting. Methods Retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent appendiceal US in an academic, tertiary ED from July 2013–October 2015. Results There were 174 patients included, of which 39 (22%) had pathology-confirmed appendicitis. There were 25 patients who had an US scan that was positive for appendicitis, 146 (84%) were indeterminate, and 3 (1.7%) were negative. Among patients with a positive US, 25/25 (100%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 84–100%) had appendicitis, 32/146 (22%, 95% CI 16–29%) with an indeterminate US had appendicitis, and 0/3 (0%, 95% CI 0–6.2%) with a negative US had appendicitis. In the 28 definitive cases, US had a sensitivity of 64%, specificity of 2%, positive predictive value of 100%, and negative predictive value of 100%. The likelihood ratio positive and negative were 173 and 0, respectively. Conclusion Our initial data suggest that an US that shows appendicitis seems to be reliable; however, a high prevalence of indeterminate studies limits the diagnostic utility as a universal approach in adult patients in the ED setting. Larger studies are needed to identify which patient populations would benefit from US as the initial imaging modality, what factors contribute to the large numbers of indeterminate results, and if any interventions may reduce the number of indeterminate results.
An Efficient Adder Architecture with Three- Independent-Gate Field-Effect Transistors

Three-Independent-Gate Field-Effect Transistors (TIGFETs)extend the functional diversity of a single transistor by allowing a dynamic electric reconfiguration of the polarity. This property has been shown to unlock unique circuit level opportunities. In this article, a ripple-carry 32-bit adder is uniquely designed using simulated TIGFET technology and its metrics are compared against CMOS High-Performance (HP)and CMOS Low-Voltage. By adopting TIGFET's polarity control characteristic, the proposed ripple-carry adder architecture uses efficient exclusive OR and majority gates to compute complementary carry signals in parallel, leading to a 38% decrease in logic depth as compared to the standard CMOS design. Additionally, a 38% reduction in contacted gates reduces the effects coming from an interconnect-limited design. The results show that the decrease in the logic depth and the reduction in contacted gates lead to a 3.8x lower energy-delay product and a 5.6x lower area-delay product as compared with CMOS HP. The boost in performance coming from realizing arithmetic circuits with TIGFET transistors makes them a promising next-generation high-performance device technology.
Effectiveness of Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy in Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Hepatitis C Virus Coinfection in Routine Clinical Care: A Multicenter Study

Author(s): Kim, H Nina; Nance, Robin M; Williams-Nguyen, Jessica S; Chris Delaney, JA; Crane, Heidi M; Cachay, Edward R; Martin, Jeffrey; Mathews, W Christopher; Chander, Geetanjali; Franco, Ricardo; Hurt, Christopher B; Geng, Elvin H; Rodriguez, Benigno; Moore, Richard D; Saag, Michael S; Kitahata, Mari M; Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems | Abstract: BackgroundDirect-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy have been shown to be highly successful in clinical trials and observational studies, but less is known about treatment success in patients with a high burden of comorbid conditions, including mental health and substance use disorders. We evaluated DAA effectiveness across a broad spectrum of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection in routine clinical care, including those with psychosocial comorbid conditions.MethodsThe primary end point was sustained virologic response (SVR), defined as HCV RNA not detected or l25 IU/mL ≥10 weeks after treatment. We calculated SVR rates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in a modified intent-to-treat analysis. We repeated this analysis after multiply imputing missing SVR values.ResultsAmong 642 DAA-treated patients, 536 had SVR assessments. The median age was 55 years; 79% were men, 59% black, and 32% white. Cirrhosis (fibrosis-4 indexg3.25) was present in 24%, and 17% were interferon treatment experienced; 96% had genotype 1 infection and 432 (81%) had received ledipasvir-sofosbuvir. SVR occurred in 96.5% (95% CI, 94.5%-97.9%). Patients who were black, treatment experienced, or cirrhotic all had SVR rates g95%. Patients with depression and/or anxiety, psychotic disorder, illicit drug use, or alcohol use disorder also had high SVR rates, ranging from 95.4% to 96.8%. The only factor associated with lower SVR rate was early discontinuation (77.8%; 95% CI, 52.4%-93.6%). Similar results were seen in multiply imputed data sets.ConclusionsOur study represents a large multicenter examination of DAA therapy in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients. The broad treatment success we observed across this diverse group of patients with significant comorbid conditions is highly affirming and argues for widespread implementation of DAA therapy.
Incentivizing vehicular crowdsensing system for large scale smart city applications

Mobile crowd sensing (MCS) enables many smart city applications (e.g., transportation monitoring/management, environmental monitoring, etc.). Recently, MCS systems built on non-dedicated vehicular platforms like taxis have become popular due to their large-scale coverage and low-cost deployment and maintenance. However, the goal of MCS may be inconsistent with the goal of vehicles. For example, MCS expects to get large and balanced sensing coverage over the city, while the taxis gather in busy areas to search for new ride requests. This inconsistency between the goals of MCS and vehicles results in a low sensing coverage and decreases the quality of the collected information. To address this inconsistency and optimize the sensing coverage, this paper presents an incentivizing system to optimize the sensing coverage of the sampled data. Key challenges to resolving this inconsistency include limited budget constraining the ability to incentivize more vehicles and complicate vehicle and trajectory selection problem making it difficult to obtain the incentivizing strategy. To address these challenges, we design a customized incentive by combining monetary incentives and potential ride request at the destination to reduce the cost of incentivizing vehicles and utilize the budget efficiently. Meanwhile, we formulate the problem of incentivizing trajectory planning as a non-linear multiple-choice knapsack problem, and propose a heuristic algorithm to approximate the optimal incentivizing strategy. The experiments based on the real-world data show that our system achieves up to 26.99% improvement in the sensing coverage compared to benchmark methods.
G475(P) The labour and birth of a perinatal palliative care framework

Background Around 5% of pregnancies are complicated by congenital structural abnormalities, 15% of which are life-limiting or potentially life-limiting. Over recent years it has become apparent that there is a need for clearer palliative care pathways for this group of infants that can begin prior to delivery. Method To establish seamless links between the multidisciplinary teams within the tertiary centre and the district general hospitals (DGH) through the design of the Perinatal Palliative Care (PPC) framework. This supports facilitation of PPC and delivery closer to home, provision of specialist input, advice and training to support teams within the region. Results With the implementation of the pathway, six families have been supported with PPC in January to July 2018 (table 1); this is a vast increase on previous referral rates. Within the six cases the PPC focus was the physiological symptom management of the infant, the psychological, spiritual, social and emotional support of the family both antenatally and postnatally. Bereavement and hospice support has been instrumental in the facilitation and delivery of PPC. Conclusion The delivery of PPC framework has highlighted the benefits of a more formal pathway to ensure that PPC is delivered effectively and is used within PPC cases, where appropriate. The purpose of the PPC framework is to enable clinicians to deliver consistent, high quality care for families electing to continue pregnancy with a fetus with a life-limiting condition, the development of advance care plans and to help ensure uniform standards of care regardless of where the baby is cared for.
Genetic Optimization for Combined Heat and Power Dispatch

This paper presents a stochastic optimization approach to cogeneration of producing and using same electricity and heat from a single primary energy within the same installation, the genetic algorithms are more suitable for the economic dispatch and cogeneration. Genetic Algorithms (GA) are inspired by the concept of natural selection developed by Charles Darwin. The vocabulary used is directly modeled on the theory of evolution and genetics. The performance of the proposed algorithm is validated by illustration on IEEE standard networks. The results of the proposed approach are compared with other optimization methods. From numerical results, we see that the GA is able to provide a better solution in less effort calculation.