cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lamellar morphology of high molecular weight poly(ether ether ketone) after rolltrusion

A rolltrusion technique has been applied to impose high molecule orientation in unreinforced poly(ether ether ketone). The relationships among processing, microstructure and properties were characterized. The morphology was controlled and investigated in the microstructural levels of crystallinity, chain orientation, lamellae and spherulite colony. The density measurements detected an increase in crystallinity after rolltrusion. Wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) diffraction experiments showed the preferred c-axis chain orientation along the rolltrusion direction. The internal microstructure, revealed by permanganic etching and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), changed from randomly distributed lamellae to a row structure. The lamella thickness was estimated to be about 100 A. Mit der ,,Rolltrusions"-Technik wurde in unverstarktem Poly(etheretherketon) eine hohe Molekulorientierung erzeugt. Die Zusammenhange zwischen Verarbeitung, Mikrostruktur und Eigenschaften werden beschrieben. Die Morphologie wurde bezuglich Kristallinitat, Kettenorientierung, lamellarer Bereiche und Spharolite untersucht. Dichtemessungen ergaben eine Zunahme des Kristallinitatsgrades durch die ,,Rolltrusion". Weitwinkel-Rontgenstreuexperimente zeigen eine bevorzugte Orientierung entlang der ,,Rolltrusions"-Richtung. Die rasterelektronenmikroskopisch beobachtete Mikrostruktur andert sich von Lamellen mit zufalliger Anordnung zu in Reihe angeordneten Lamellen mit einer Dicke von ca. 100 A.
Wave Transience in a Compressible Atmosphere. Part I: Transient Internal Wave, Mean-Flow Interaction

Abstract Vertically propagating internal waves give rise to mean flow accelerations in an atmosphere due to the effects of wave transience resulting from compressibility and vertical group velocity feedback. Such accelerations appear to culminate in the spontaneous formation and descent of regions of strong mean wind shear. Both analytical and numerical solutions are obtained in an approximate quasi-linear model which describes this effect. The numerical solutions display mean flow accelerations due to Kelvin waves in the equatorial stratosphere. Wave absorption alters the transience mechanism in some significant respects, particularly in causing the upper atmospheric mean flow acceleration to be very sensitive to the precise magnitude and distribution of the damping mechanisms. Part II of this series discusses numerical simulations of transient equatorial waves in the quasi-biennial oscillation. These results are of sufficient qualitative interest to merit attention in this paper, and this is done with t...
Contributions to a neurophysiology of meaning: the interpretation of written messages could be an automatic stimulus-reaction mechanism before becoming conscious processing of information

Background. Even though the interpretation of natural language messages is generally conceived as the result of a conscious processing of the message content, the influence of unconscious factors is also well known. What is still insufficiently known is the way such factors work. We have tackled interpretation assuming it is a process, whose basic features are the same for the whole humankind, and employing a naturalistic approach (careful observation of phenomena in conditions the closest to "natural" ones, and precise description before and independently of data statistical analysis). Methodology. Our field research involved a random sample of 102 adults. We presented them with a complete real world-like case of written communication using unabridged message texts. We collected data (participants' written reports on their interpretations) in controlled conditions through a specially designed questionnaire (closed and opened answers); then, we treated it through qualitative and quantitative methods. Principal Findings. We gathered some evidence that, in written message interpretation, between reading and the attribution of conscious meaning, an intermediate step could exist (we named it "disassembling") which looks like an automatic reaction to the text words/expressions. Thus, the process of interpretation would be a discontinuous sequence of three steps having different natures: the initial "decoding" step (i.e., reading, which requires technical abilities), disassembling (the automatic reaction, an unconscious passage) and the final conscious attribution of meaning. If this is true, words and expressions would firstly function like physical stimuli, before being taken into account as symbols. Such hypothesis, once confirmed, could help explaining some links between the cultural (human communication) and the biological (stimulus-reaction mechanisms as the basis for meanings) dimension of humankind.
Comparisons between oriented film and solution tertiary structure of various nucleic acids.

We have considered whether or not the tertiary structure of a biomolecule is the same in a crystal (or an oriented film) as it is in solution. A methodology has been developed for comparing polarized absorption spectra obtained from a solid-state sample with those obtained from an oriented solute to further resolve this question. An electric dichroism instrument built in our laboratory was used to measure the solution dichroism signal which, along with the ordinary solution uv absorption spectra, yields polarized absorption spectra in the directions parallel and perpendicular to the applied electric field. These were then compared to polarized absorption data from oriented films of nucleic acids to determine whether the two sets of data could be rotated into coincidence. This rotation was accomplished using a computer program based on a nonlinear programming method. Four nucleic acids were studied and the film and solution data for three of these were found to be equivalent, requiring rotation through an angle of 3°−20°, depending on film humidity, to bring them into coincidence. For the fourth sample we were unable, perhaps because of signal-to-noise ratio limitations, to find a correlation. Flow dichroism and electric dichroism data were also found to be quite similar. Thus it is clear that the induced dipole moment is along the helical axis and that the physical, hydrodynamical, and electrical axes of the nucleic acid molecules are equivalent.
Utilization of Metacognitive Judgments in the Allocation of Study During Multitrial Learning

We contrasted several ways that an individual's judgments of learning (JOLs) can be utilized when allocating additional study (“restudy”) during the learning of Swahili-English translation equivalents The findings demonstrate how metacognitive monitoring can be utilized to benefit multitrial learning Computer-controlled allocation of restudy based on people's JOLs was equivalent to most people's own allocation of restudy (indicating that the computer algorithm can provide a sufficient account of people's allocation of restudy) and was more effective than a computer-controlled allocation based on normative performance (indicating that people's metacognitive monitoring of idiosyncratic knowledge has functional utility in causal chains for learning)
Arcing generated electromagnetic fields associated with a high-voltage power system of the space station

A large spacecraft such as the planned space station requires a relatively large amount of electrical power for its routine operation. For example, the power required by the space station is expected to be about 300 kW. This high power requirement entails a power system operating at a high voltage. The space station will operate at about 160 V. Such a large voltage in conjunction with the grounding scheme of the solar cell arrays, would make the potential of the space station structure highly negative with respect to the ionospheric plasma. Since the structure of the station is insulated by a 3-/spl mu/m thick coating of Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ and the plasma shields the potential, the large negative potential drops across the thin insulating layer, creating an intense electric field (/spl sim/5/spl times/10/sup 7/ V/m) in it. This raises the possibility of dielectric breakdown and arcing from the space station structure to the ionospheric plasma. Laboratory simulations of the arcing have shown large arc currents (/spl sim/1500 A) with a rise time of about 0.1 ms and a total duration of about /spl sim/1 ms. Such a large arc current can affect the operation of the power system and generates electromagnetic waves, which cause concerns about electromagnetic interference. In this paper we report the results from a study on the electromagnetic fields generated by the arc. This problem is modeled as the radiation from a monopole antenna having a transient current in a magnetized plasma.
Amphibians Used in Research and Teaching

Amphibians have long been utilized in scientific research and in education. Historically, investigators have accumulated a wealth of information on the natural history and biology of amphibians, and this body of information is continually expanding as researchers describe new species and study the behaviors of these animals. Amphibians evolved as models for a variety of developmental and physiological processes, largely due to their unique ability to undergo metamorphosis. Scientists have used amphibian embryos to evaluate the effects of toxins, mutagens, and teratogens. Likewise, the animals are invaluable in research due to the ability of some species to regenerate limbs. Certain species of amphibians have short generation times and genetic constructs that make them desirable for transgenic and knockout technology, and there is a current national focus on developing these species for genetic and genomic research. This group of vertebrates is also critically important in the investigation of the inter-relationship of humans and the environment based on their sensitivity to climatic and habitat changes and environmental contamination.
Thermal measurements of a rail-cask-size pipe-calorimeter in jet fuel fires

Three large-scale fire tests were conducted in which a 2.4-m-(8-ft)-dia., 4.6-m-(15-ft)-long, 25-mm-(1-inch)-wall-thickness mild-steel pipe calorimeter was centered 1 m above a 7.9-m-dia. basin containing 7.57 m3 (2000 gal) of jet fuel. The wind conditions, calorimeter wall temperatures, and temperatures of foil radiant heat flux gages near the calorimeter were measured at several locations as functions of time during and after the fires. Video and still photography from several directions were used to monitor the calorimeter’s engulfment in flames. The objective of these tests was to determine how the fuel consumption rate, calorimeter coverage in flames and the calorimeter temperatures varied with wind conditions. These data can be used to benchmark computational and engineering models of heat transfer from large pool fires to thermally-massive objects. Those types of models are used to predict the response of rail-car-sized used-nuclear-fuel transport packages in severe accidents. The first two tests h...
Hepatitis delta virus RNA editing is highly specific for the amber/W site and is suppressed by hepatitis delta antigen

RNA editing at adenosine 1012 (amber/W site) in the antigenomic RNA of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) allows two essential forms of the viral protein, hepatitis delta antigen (HDAg), to be synthesized from a single open reading frame. Editing at the amber/W site is thought to be catalyzed by one of the cellular enzymes known as adenosine deaminases that act on RNA (ADARs). In vitro, the enzymes ADAR1 and ADAR2 deaminate adenosines within many different sequences of base-paired RNA. Since promiscuous deamination could compromise the viability of HDV, we wondered if additional deamination events occurred within the highly base paired HDV RNA. By sequencing cDNAs derived from HDV RNA from transfected Huh-7 cells, we determined that the RNA was not extensively modified at other adenosines. Approximately 0.16 to 0.32 adenosines were modified per antigenome during 6 to 13 days posttransfection. Interestingly, all observed non-amber/W adenosine modifications, which occurred mostly at positions that are highly conserved among naturally occurring HDV isolates, were found in RNAs that were also modified at the amber/W site. Such coordinate modification likely limits potential deleterious effects of promiscuous editing. Neither viral replication nor HDAg was required for the highly specific editing observed in cells. However, HDAg was found to suppress editing at the amber/W site when expressed at levels similar to those found during HDV replication. These data suggest HDAg may regulate amber/W site editing during virus replication.
On the spectrum of the electric field integral equation and the convergence of the moment method

Existing convergence estimates for numerical scattering methods based on boundary integral equations are asymptotic in the limit of vanishing discretization length, and break down as the electrical size of the problem grows. In order to analyse the efficiency and accuracy of numerical methods for the large scattering problems of interest in computational electromagnetics, we study the spectrum of the electric field integral equation (EFIE) for an infinite, conducting strip for both the TM (weakly singular kernel) and TE polarizations (hypersingular kernel). Due to the self-coupling of surface wave modes, the condition number of the discretized integral equation increases as the square root of the electrical size of the strip for both polarizations. From the spectrum of the EFIE, the solution error introduced by discretization of the integral equation can also be estimated. Away from the edge singularities of the solution, the error is second order in the discretization length for low-order bases with exact integration of matrix elements, and is first order if an approximate quadrature rule is employed. Comparison with numerical results demonstrates the validity of these condition number and solution error estimates. The spectral theory offers insights into the behaviour of numerical methods commonly observed in computational electromagnetics. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Atomic structure of a Σ = 21 grain boundary

An electron microscope structure image of a Σ = 21/[111] tilt grain boundary in Au was obtained and atomic column positions identified to yield a structural unit model of the interface consisting of repeating polyhedron shapes. This result represents the smallest projected spacings at a grain boundary containing defect structures imaged by an electron microscope and interpreted atomistically.
Vegetation of three high elevation Southern Appalachian bogs and implications of their vegetational history

In order to investigate the extent of vegetation change during the Pleistocene Period, a study of three high elevation southern Appalachian bogs was undertaken. Three North Carolina sites were chosen that were suitable for pollen and paleoecological analysis: Flat Laurel Gap bog near Pisgah Mountain south of Asheville (elevation 1500 m), Boone Fork bog near Blowing Rock (elevation 1450 m).
Tunable compact high power far-infrared grating free-electron laser

The linear and nonlinear operation of a multiwave grating free-electron laser is described. The radiation is generated by the passage of an annular electron beam through a coaxial waveguide, the central conductor being in the form of a corrugated cylinder. The model includes the effects of self-field forces, beam emittance and gyromotion of electrons in a guide magnetic field. The efficiency is determined by numerical simulation and compared with analytical estimates. A compact source utilizing, for example, a high brightness beam from a carbon fibre electron gun, that is tunable in the wavelength band 35-55 /spl mu/m with output in the kilowatt range, is shown to be feasible. >
VLSI design of densely-connected array processors

Paralleled array processors based on cellular neural networks (CNNs) are very useful in high-speed, real-time signal and image processing because of its simplicity for problem mapping and high potential computational bandwidth. Local interconnection and simple synaptic operators are the most attractive features of the cellular neural network (CNN) for VLSI implementation. A computing architecture for CNN processing engine which can be applied for several challenging VLSI hardware design problems, such as CNN accelerator design for heterogeneous computing, is presented. This continuous-time CNN processing engine with digital-programmable synapses and flexible digital interface is designed and prototyped using the current-mode CMOS circuits. A prototyping 5/spl times/5 array processor chip is designed and fabricated in 2.0 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. Measurement results of this prototype chip and its building blocks for array processor design are presented. Experimental results of edge detection operation of this prototype chip are also given.
Bridging to cardiac transplantation with the novacor left ventricular assist system

Abstract The Novacor left ventricular assist system (LVAS) has been used as a bridge to cardiac transplantation in 22 patients at Stanford University since September 1984. All patients were in hospital receiving inotropic support for severe biventricular failure. Nine were supported by an intra-aortic balloon pump, 17 had pulmonary oedema, seven had life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, 10 had liver dysfunction with coagulopathy, and seven had renal dysfunction. Prior to implantation the mean cardiac index was 1.6 L/min/m 2 , which rose to 3.3 L/min/m 2 following device insertion. Two patients died during implantation, and four died from multiorgan failure after device implantation. The majority of patients who had been supported for more than 1 week were ambulatory while awaiting transplantation. One patient received the recently developed system with a wearable battery/controller. Sixteen patients (73%) underwent successful cardiac transplantation after a mean of 21 days support. One patient died of sepsis, and another died of malignancy following transplantation. Fourteen patients (88%) were alive 1 month to 9 years after transplantation. Worldwide, as of November 1993, 176 patients have had the Novacor LVAS implanted (including 17 with the wearable system). Twelve were still being supported, 101(60%) had received a transplant, and 92 (91%) of these were discharged from hospital. There were 82 (89%) survivors at a mean of 30 months post-transplantation. No episodes of device failure have occurred. The post-transplant survival in this group of patients bridged to transplantation was similar to those having routine transplantation. The wearable system has provided greater patient freedom. Future development will be towards a totally implantable LVAS.
Statistical inference for stochastic parabolic equations : a spectral approach

A parameter estimation problem is considered for a stochastic par- abolic equation driven by additive Gaussian noise that is white in time and space. The estimator is of spectral type and utilizes a finite number of the spatial Fourier coefficients of the solution. The asymptotic properties of the estimator are studied as the number of the Fourier coefficients increases, while the observation time and the noise intensity are fixed. A necessary and sufficient condition for consistency and asymptotic normality of the estimator is derived in terms of the eigenvalues of the operators in the equation, and a detailed proof is provided. Other estimation problems are briefly surveyed.
Sex Determination for the Great Egret and White Ibis

Abstract Most species of wading birds are monomorphic and present few or no external characteristics to allow for sex determination in the field. We used standard morphometric measurements and discriminant function analysis to determine the sex of Great Egrets (Ardea alba) and White Ibises (Eudocimus albus). The models were validated based on sex determination from DNA. Two functions were created for Great Egrets; mass reliably discriminated 88% of our samples, while wing chord separated 81% of our samples. We included mass in the discriminant function analysis for Great Egrets because mass did not vary between years or within our pre-breeding sampling period. Mass was not included in our analysis of White Ibis because it differed by year and within our pre-breeding sampling period. White Ibis samples were separated by a discriminant function using the length of curved bill and tarsus. This function correctly classified 78% of our samples. We provide simplified linear equations to calculate the sex of Gre...
Impact of exact exchange in the description of the electronic structure of organic charge-transfer molecular crystals

We evaluate the impact that the amount of nonlocal Hartree-Fock (%HF) exchange included in a hybrid density functional has on the microscopic parameters (transfer integrals, band gaps, bandwidths, and effective masses) describing charge transport in high-mobility organic crystals. We consider both crystals based on a single molecule, such as pentacene, and crystals based on mixed-stack charge-transfer systems, such as dibenzo-TTF--TCNQ. In the pentacene crystal, the band gap decreases and the effective masses increase linearly with an increase in the amount of %HF exchange. In contrast, in the charge-transfer crystals, while the band gap increases linearly, the effective masses vary only slightly with an increase in %HF exchange. We show that the superexchange nature of the electronic couplings in charge-transfer systems is responsible for this peculiar evolution of the effective masses. We compare the density functional theory results with results obtained within the ${G}_{0}{W}_{0}$ approximation as a way of benchmarking the optimal amount of %HF exchange needed in a given functional.
Abstract B34: High-throughput synthetic lethal interaction screening in model organisms as a strategy for the identification of novel therapeutic targets in cancer

Loss of tumor suppressor activity is a near universal feature of cancer. Synthetic lethality, in which combined perturbation of two genes results in cell death, has been proposed as a strategy to identify drug targets that specifically attack cancers deficient in a tumor suppressor (TS) gene. To develop a catalog of such combinations, we screened for synthetic-lethal interactions among all yeast orthologs of known TS and druggable genes, resulting in quantitative growth rates for 130,000 pairwise genetic mutants. Similar interaction profiles were highly predictive of TS genes in the same pathway, identifying a novel role for NDNL2/NSE3 in the G1/S checkpoint. TS/drug combinations likely to induce cancer cell death were prioritized using multiple criteria, including conservation across divergent species. Among the top hits were putative interactions involving either BRCA1 or XRCC3 with histone deacetylases, as well as Rad17 with CHK1/2. These were confirmed using small molecule inhibitors and short-pin RNA silencing in human cancer cell lines. This work provides a resource of >300 deeply conserved interactions among tumor suppressors and matched drug targets. Citation Format: Rohith Srivas, John Paul Shen, Jian Feng Li, Katherine Licon, Ze Zhong Wang, Ana Bojoquez-Gomez, Lucy Xu, Andrew Gross, Gordon Bean, Robert Sobol, Trey Ideker. High-throughput synthetic lethal interaction screening in model organisms as a strategy for the identification of novel therapeutic targets in cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: The Translational Impact of Model Organisms in Cancer; Nov 5-8, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2014;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B34.
Concordance between two measures of depression in the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

A concordance analysis between the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) for current major depression was conducted using data from Cuban Americans and Puerto Rican respondents to the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES). Overall agreement between the two depression measures was relatively high, which suggested that the CES-D might be appropriate as a first-stage screening instrument for community-based surveys of clinical depression. Female gender and indicators of social class (education, income, poverty index, and employment) were related to low specificity and low agreement. The estimated cutoff points of the CES-D that best predicted DIS current major depression were different between the two ethnic groups; 17 for Cuban Americans, and 20 for Puerto Ricans. A receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis revealed that the traditional method of defining CES-D cases by summing the scores for each item was superior to counting only the persistent symptoms, that is, those present nearly everyday.
Survey of the Sex Orientation and Behaviors and Attitude toward AIDS among the Gays

[Objective] To learn the sex orientation,behaviors and attitude toward AIDS among the gays and provide scientific evidence for the AIDS prevention among this population.[Methods] Target sampling method was adopted to collect gays;they filled in the questionnaires willingly.[Results]The investigated gays were mainly adolescents with at least high school education and unmarried non-laborers;more than 86% of them were homosexual,double sexual and denaturated;no significant difference was found in the occupation,finance,birth place,marital status and the gays' attitude and behaviors toward AIDS;the educated people had better understanding of the necessity of reducing sex partner numbers and sexual behaviors with strangers,stopping anus intercourse and proper attitude towards possible HIV infection than the people who had lower educational levels.[Conclusion] In recent years,multiple active interference has been carried out against AIDS that has brought great changes in the attitude and behaviors towards AIDS;the educational level of gays plays a key role in the AIDS health education and behavior intervention.
Risk Identification and Comprehensive Evaluation in Energy Performance Contracting Projects in China

Energy performance contracting(EPC)offers an effective way to achieve energy conservation and emission reduction.However,affected by politics,economics,technology and credit mechanism,EPC becomes a high-risk undertaking in China.In regard to the negligence of energy performance contracting nature and the discrepancy between theories and practice in previous studies,in this paper,the operational process and the related participants in the EPC projects are focused on and the risk factors are identified,and correspondently the index system for risk assessment is designed.Furthermore,to deal with the assessment information imperfectability of EPC projects and the uncertainties in human cognitive ability,a risk assessment method for EPC projects in China is proposed by using a gray hierarchical evaluation model.Finally,the application of the proposed method is showed with an example.
The key approaches of aesthetic education on poetry teaching

In the traditional teaching of poetry,we always have too much emphasis on the ideological of poetry and ignore the inherent law of poetry as a sort of literature and art.So in this article,we propose a concept that we must put the aesthetic education through poetry teaching.We can feel the beauty of emotion through the article feeling,taste the beauty of mood through the images,savor the beauty of music through reading and singing,and experience the beauty of color through the description.Through these ways,we can achieve the goal of aesthetic education.
Mobile behaviometric framework for sociability assessment and identification of smartphone users

The widespread use of mobile technology has accelerated the popularity of social networking services, and has made these services convenient to access. This paper presents a behaviometric mobile application, namely TrackMaison (Track My activity in social networks). TrackMaison keeps track of social network service usage of smartphone users through data usage, location, usage frequency and session duration of five popular social network services. The data collected by the mobile application is presented to the smartphone user and is analyzed to aid in understanding mobile social network service usage. Furthermore, we introduce the social activity rate and sociability factor metrics where the former is a function of a user's relative data usage rate in social network services and the latter is a function of a user's relative session durations in social networks. By using TrackMaison tool, we identify three user behavior types. Those are active user profile, moderately active user profile and low active user profile. Through analysis of real data, we advocate that continuous identification/authentication of mobile device users is possible by using the introduced sociability metrics. We further present a case study on various Instagram user profiles, and show that low active profiles can be identified with negligible false acceptance rates (FAR) whereas a highly active user can be identified with a FAR as low as 3%.
Foster home licensing and risk of reentry to out-of-home care following family reunification

Abstract Family reunification without subsequent reentry is the primary permanency goal for children placed in foster care. While a number of placement-level factors have been examined for their effect on subsequent reentry to care, no study to date has considered foster care licensing. The current study uses statewide administrative data to construct a cohort of foster care youth who entered care between 2009 and 2012 and were reunified by the start of 2013 (N = 7752) to investigate the association between types of foster care and the probability of reentry to foster care up to two years following reunification. We focus specifically on the licensing status of foster homes, and employ propensity score analysis to address selection bias in placement type. A propensity-weighted cox proportional hazard model revealed that youth placed in licensed relative care (LRC) homes and licensed non-relative care (LNC) homes were more likely to reenter foster care than those youth placed in unlicensed relative care (URC) homes during their first spell of foster care.
ANGIOGRAPHIC PHENOTYPE AND CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF PATIENTS WITH MALIGNANCY UNDERGOING PCI

Background: The association between coronary artery disease and cancer has been previously described. However, information on the angiographic features and clinical outcomes of patients with cancer after PCI is sparse. Methods: We analyzed data from 20,908 consecutive patients treated with PCI at a
Control of Calcium in Yeast Cells

Yeast cells uptake calcium from their environment via Mid1p, Cch1p, and other unidentified transporters [7], and maintain a normal cytosolic Ca2+ level of 50 – 200 nM by means of a feedback control system [1, 16, 23]. The rise of cytosolic calcium activates calmodulin which in turn activates the serine/threonine phosphatase calcineurin (Fig. 5.1). The activated calcineurin de-phosphorylates Crz1p and suppresses the activity of Vcx1p. Activated Crz1p enters the nucleus and up-regulates the expression of PMR1 and PMC1 (for review, see [13]). Pmr1p pumps calcium ions into the organelle Golgi and possibly endoplasmic reticulum (ER).When the calcium concentrations in Golgi and ER exceed their resting levels of 300 μM [30] and 10 μM [1, 39], respectively, the calcium in ER and Golgi will be secreted along with the canonical secretory pathways. Pmc1p pumps calcium ions into vacuole, an organelle that stores excess ions and nutrients. While most calcium ions inside vacuoles form polyphosphate salts and are not re-usable, a small fraction of calcium ions can be channeled to the cytosol by Yvc1p. The total and free vacuolar calcium concentrations are 2mMand 30 μM, respectively [16]. When needed, Yvc1p channels calcium to the cytosol and contributes to the rise of cytosolic calcium concentration [14].
The Democratic Governance Agenda of the Organization of the American States

“The peoples of the Americas have a right to democracy and their governments have an obligation to promote and defend it.” These words open the “Inter-American Democratic Charter” which was recently drafted by the Organization of American States (OAS). The charter goes on to specify procedures to follow should the constitutional system of any member state be threatened or interrupted. While the OAS champions the Democratic Charter as an important step in the hemispheric defense of democracy, people throughout Latin America have good reason for skepticism. Despite the transition from authoritarian rule, politics remains an exclusive club, with power concentrated in the hands of a narrow elite who benefit from the existing order and resist change.
Retinol saturase modulates lipid metabolism and the production of reactive oxygen species.

Retinol saturase (RetSat) catalyzes the saturation of double bonds of all-trans-retinol leading to the production of dihydroretinoid metabolites. Beside its role in retinoid metabolism, there is evidence that RetSat modulates the cellular response to oxidative stress and plays critical roles in adipogenesis and the accumulation of lipids. Here, we explore the relationship between RetSat, lipid metabolism and oxidative stress using in vitro and in vivo models with altered expression of RetSat. Our results reveal that RetSat is a potent modulator of the cellular response to oxidative stress and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The levels of reactive aldehydes products of lipid peroxidation, as measured based on thiobarbituric acid reactivity, are increased in RetSat overexpressing cells and, conversely, reduced in cells and tissues with reduced or absent expression of RetSat compared to controls. Despite increased weight gain, neutral lipid accumulation and alterations in hepatic lipid composition, RetSat-/- mice exhibit normal responses to insulin. In conclusion, our findings further expand upon the role of RetSat in oxidative stress and lipid metabolism and could provide insight in the significance of alterations of RetSat expression as observed in metabolic disorders.
PrimAlign: PageRank-inspired Markovian alignment for large biological networks.

Motivation Cross-species analysis of large-scale protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks has played a significant role in understanding the principles deriving evolution of cellular organizations and functions. Recently, network alignment algorithms have been proposed to predict conserved interactions and functions of proteins. These approaches are based on the notion that orthologous proteins across species are sequentially similar and that topology of PPIs between orthologs is often conserved. However, high accuracy and scalability of network alignment are still a challenge. Results We propose a novel pairwise global network alignment algorithm, called PrimAlign, which is modeled as a Markov chain and iteratively transited until convergence. The proposed algorithm also incorporates the principles of PageRank. This approach is evaluated on tasks with human, yeast and fruit fly PPI networks. The experimental results demonstrate that PrimAlign outperforms several prevalent methods with statistically significant differences in multiple evaluation measures. PrimAlign, which is multi-platform, achieves superior performance in runtime with its linear asymptotic time complexity. Further evaluation is done with synthetic networks and results suggest that popular topological measures do not reflect real precision of alignments. Availability and implementation The source code is available at http://web.ecs.baylor.edu/faculty/cho/PrimAlign. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Science, Technology, and Story

For several years, educators in member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development have aimed to stimulate and improve work in science, mathematics, and technology. In the American context, an area of special interest has been the middle school curriculum (grades 5–8). Promising projects have been designed, field tested, and carried out—unfortunately, however, usually leaving few tracks for us to study closely in their wake. Although some of these projects are still in operation, the memory of their adoption and the keys to explain the success of some and the demise of others are missing.
Pediatric Quality Improvement in the Prehospital and Emergency Department Worlds: Tools and Examples to Guide Change

Abstract National organizations and national surveys have highlighted the gap in quality pediatric care and preparedness in emergency departments (EDs) over the last 20 years. The objective of this review is to provide a framework, summary, and list of common resources to guide general EDs in the use of proven quality improvement tools and resources towards meaningful improvement in pediatric care in the their institution. This review also highlights organizations, such as the Emergency Medical Services for Children Innovation and Improvement Center, that serve as leaders and repositories for collaborative work and expertise to improve pediatric emergency care anywhere in the United States.
CMS electromagnetic calorimeter calibration and alignment

Abstract Precise calibration and alignment of the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) is crucial for achieving excellent ECAL performance required by many physics analyses employing electrons and photons. The methods used to inter-calibrate the ECAL energy response, using physics channels such as W/Z boson decays to electrons and π 0 ∕ η decays to photon pairs, and also exploiting the azimuthal symmetry of the minimum bias events are presented here. In addition, the details of the alignment procedure used to calibrate the position measurements in ECAL relative to the CMS Tracker is also described. Lastly, results of the calibration and alignment obtained with Run 2 data are presented.
Highly accelerated, model-free diffusion tensor MRI reconstruction using neural networks.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to develop a neural network that accurately performs diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) reconstruction from highly accelerated scans. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study was conducted using data acquired between 2013 and 2018 and was approved by the local institutional review board. DTI acquired in healthy volunteers (N = 10) was used to train a neural network, DiffNet, to reconstruct fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) maps from small subsets of acquired DTI data with between 3 and 20 diffusion-encoding directions. FA and MD maps were then reconstructed in volunteers and in patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM, N = 12) using both DiffNet and conventional reconstructions. Accuracy and precision were quantified in volunteer scans and compared between reconstructions. The accuracy of tumor delineation was compared between reconstructed patient data by evaluating agreement between DTI-derived tumor volumes and volumes defined by contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRI. Comparisons were performed using areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC). RESULTS DiffNet FA reconstructions were more accurate and precise compared with conventional reconstructions for all acceleration factors. DiffNet permitted reconstruction with only three diffusion-encoding directions with significantly lower bias than the conventional method using six directions (0.01 ± 0.01 vs 0.06 ± 0.01, P < 0.001). While MD-based tumor delineation was not substantially different with DiffNet (AUC range: 0.888-0.902), DiffNet FA had higher AUC than conventional reconstructions for fixed scan time and achieved similar performance with shorter scans (conventional, six directions: AUC = 0.926, DiffNet, three directions: AUC = 0.920). CONCLUSION DiffNet improved DTI reconstruction accuracy, precision, and tumor delineation performance in GBM while permitting reconstruction from only three diffusion-encoding directions.&!#6.
Novel technique for anastomotic salvage using transanal minimally invasive surgery: A case report

Novel technique for anastomotic salvage using transanal minimally invasive surgery: A case report
Much ado about method

John Rudolph9s How We Teach Science traces the different strands and debates in American science education over the past 130 years. Consistent with his title, Rudolph is laser focused on the "how" of the science classroom—how its practice varies across time, how its meaning is debated by reformers, and how its role in education shifts as schools themselves change.
Convex $\mathbb{RP}^2$ structures and cubic differentials under neck separation

Let $S$ be a closed oriented surface of genus at least two. Labourie and the author have independently used the theory of hyperbolic affine spheres to find a natural correspondence between convex $\mathbb{RP}^2$ structures on $S$ and pairs $(\Sigma, U)$ consisting of a conformal structure $\Sigma$ on $S$ and a holomorphic cubic differential $U$ over $\Sigma$. We consider geometric limits of convex $\mathbb{RP}^2$ structures on $S$ in which the $\mathbb{RP}^2$ structure degenerates only along a set of simple, non-intersecting, nontrivial, non-homotopic loops $c$. We classify the resulting $\mathbb{RP}^2$ structures on $S - c$ and call them regular convex $\mathbb{RP}^2$ structures. Under a natural topology on the moduli space of all regular convex $\mathbb{RP}^2$ structures on $S$, this space is homeomorphic to the total space of the vector bundle over $\overline{M}_g$ each of whose fibers over a noded Riemann surface is the space of regular cubic differentials. The proof relies on previous techniques of the author, Benoist–Hulin, and Dumas–Wolf, as well as some details due to Wolpert of the geometry of hyperbolic metrics on conformal surfaces in $\overline{M}_g$.
On definable completeness for ordered fields

We show that there are 0-definably complete ordered fields which are not real closed. Therefore, the theory of definably with parameters complete ordered fields does not follow from the theory of 0-definably complete ordered fields. The mentioned completeness notions for ordered fields are the definable versions of completeness in the sense of Dedekind cuts. In earlier joint work, we had shown that it would become successively weakened if we just required nonexistence of definable regular gaps and then disallowing parameters. The result in this note shows reducing in the opposite order, at least one side is sharp. Received 27 October 2018 AMS subject classification: Primary 03C64; Secondary 12L12 Keywords: ordered field, 0-definably complete, real closed field
Management of an Unusual Orbitocranial Penetrating Injury.

Background. An intraorbital injury with a blunt penetrating intraorbital foreign body (IOFB) is an unusual cause of penetrating trauma. This type of trauma is considered a surgical emergency given the risk to vision in addition to potential intracranial injuries such as vascular injury, dural laceration, and neurologic injury. A thorough history and physical exam, along with careful radiographic and multidiscipline intervention, is crucial in providing the patient the most appropriate care. Case Presentation. A 66-year-old male presented to the emergency room (ER) after falling down the stairs and suffering an orbitocranial penetrating injury. He underwent urgent fluoroscopy-guided foreign body removal with a multidisciplinary team after a workup revealed no significant ocular or intracranial injuries. The foreign body was removed with an anterior approach without any complications. Conclusion. In this study, we demonstrated that IOFB in proximity to orbitocranial structures requires a careful multidisciplinary team approach. An interventional radiology- (IR-) guided approach in extracting the foreign body is essential to prevent further injury. A high dose of intravenous steroid was not used due to initial suspicion of intracranial involvement. Prompt removal decreased risk of further vision loss.
Disseminated tuberculosis presenting as medium‐vessel vasculitis in an immunocompromised host

Cutaneous tuberculosis is an uncommon entity with several clinical forms recognized. Histopathologically, most cases are characterized by granulomatous inflammation and caseating necrosis, although less common findings, including vasculitis, have also been described. We report a 55-year-old male with a history of recently diagnosed dermatomyositis receiving immunosuppression with mycophenolate mofetil and prednisone, who developed multifocal soft tissue abscesses and an indurated erythematous plaque on the back. Skin biopsy of the back revealed a necrotizing medium-vessel vasculitis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was detected in the skin via acid-fast bacilli stain and confirmed by tissue culture and polymerase chain reaction. Cutaneous findings improved rapidly with antituberculosis therapy. This case illustrates an uncommon clinical and histopathologic presentation of disseminated tuberculosis.
Bank Interest Rate Pass-Through: Empirical Evidences from Asian Countries

This paper examines the rigidity of bank retail interest rates using the data from seven developing Asian countries. Empirical results, based on an error correction model, suggest that the retail bank rates in these countries follow similar sluggish adjustment processes as those in the euro area. In general, retail rates adjust to market rates with some delays, and the degrees of intermediate and long term pass-through vary across products, maturities, and the level of development of financial markets.
Tulsa 1921: Reporting a Massacre

Just shy of the 100-year anniversary of the worst racial conflict in the twentieth century, Tulsa 1921: Reporting A Massacre examines the causes and the aftermath of this historically little-known ...
The Effect of Motion on PPG Heart Rate Sensors

As smartwatches become more commonly used for keeping track of health data, their accuracy becomes more and more important. In this paper, we investigate the accuracy of smartwatch heart rate sensors and how it depends on the movement of the wearer. Some additional steps were taken in being able to predict whether a smart watch will report an accurate heart rate based on motion using a support vector machine.
Measurement properties of Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System domains for children with type 1 diabetes.

Objective Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) includes numerous domains to assess functioning among the pediatric population. These domains, however, have not been evaluated for use in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D). The objective of this study was to determine the measurement properties of PROMIS domains (pain behavior, pain quality, physical stress experience, physical activity, strength impact, and profile-25) in children with T1D. Methods This is a cross-sectional study of children with T1Drecruited from tertiary care facilities. To determine construct validity, we compared PROMIS T-scores between known-groups based on (a) glycemic control, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c%) and (b) self-reported general health, using t test or analysis of variance. Reliability was determined using Cronbach's alpha and item response theory reliability. We also determined agreement between parent-proxy and child self-report PROMIS scores. Results Our study included 192 children, mean age 12.7 (SD = 2.9) years, eligible to self-report PROMIS surveys. There were significant differences in physical stress experience and pain intensity between children with HbA1c 0.70. More than 40% of child-parent pairs were in agreement, with intraclass correlations coefficients (ICC) ranging between 0.41 and 0.63 for all domains, except pain behavior (%agreement = 23%; ICC = 0.29). Conclusions Most of the PROMIS domains tested are valid, reliable, and able to differentiate children with T1D who report different general health states. There is moderate agreement between child-parent pairs for all domains except pain behavior.