cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Growth of Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 at 30°C is not affected by anatomical location on the chicken carcass.

Development of models for growth of Salmonella in the chicken food matrix is time-consuming and expensive. The current study was undertaken to examine growth of Salmonella on different anatomical locations of the chicken carcass. The purpose was to determine whether anatomical location should be included as an independent variable in predictive models for chicken. Eleven anatomical locations were studied: skin (wing, breast, drumstick, and thigh), meat surface (wing, breast, drumstick, and thigh), and meat interior (breast, drumstick, and thigh). Background microflora, pH, and growth (lag time, λ; growth rate,μ; and time for a 3-log increase, t3) at 30°C for a small inoculum size (0.92 ±0.30 log per portion) of Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 were examined. Four or six replicate storage trials were conducted per anatomical location (n = 46 growth curves). Portion sizes were 1.12 ±0.17 g (mean ±standard deviation) for meat and 0.25 ±0.08 g for skin. A two-phase linear model was used to determine λ andμ. The e...
Journal Influence in the Field of Management: An Analysis Using Salancik's Index in a Dependency Network

We investigated changes in the influence of 40 publications relevant to the field of management between 1981 and 1986 and between 1986 and 1991 using Salancik's index of influence in a dependency n...
The patient's perspective on the need for informed consent for minimal risk studies: Development of a survey-based measure

ABSTRACTBackground: Recent efforts to study quality improvement (QI) efforts to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of healthcare have raised important questions about ethical boundaries for waiving informed consent. Confusion exists because similar projects can be undertaken for research or QI purposes, a distinction currently used to define Institutional Review Board oversight. However, patients are not aware of such distinctions. We sought to evaluate patients' views of waiving consent for non-invasive projects to improve healthcare quality and delivery. Methods: We developed a 32-item measure of patient thresholds for waiving consent for different types of QI interventions, including those involving changes to: 1) the hospital environment; 2) hospital policies or procedures; 3) objects used by patients; 4) medications or devices; and 5) use of patient information. In a sample of 200 hospitalized patients, we tested and confirmed the reliability and validity of subscales representing each of the 5...
Isolating Petroleum Pitch Oligomers via Semi-continuous Supercritical Extraction

Dense-gas/supercritical extraction (DGE/SCE) was used for the fractionation of a representative petroleum pitch, M-50, into its oligomeric constituents using toluene as the extractive solvent. A small, pilot-scale column was operated in the semi-continuous/semi-batch mode under a linear positive temperature gradient of 380–330 °C from the top to the bottom of the column and over a pressure range of 15–75 bar. This DGE column was used to produce high-purity monomer, dimer, and trimer fractions of M-50 suitable for use as molecular standards for petroleum pitches and for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) oligomers. During the experimental runs, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) was used to monitor in real time the progress of the separation (and oligomeric purity) by performing rapid analyses of the molecular-weight distributions (MWDs) of the overhead fractions being collected. These real-time analyses provided us with the ability to fine-tune in situ the operat...
Life-cycle biological efficiency of Bos indicus x Bos taurus and Bos taurus crossbred cow-calf production to weaning.

A deterministic model was developed that accounted for all biological inputs and outputs for a theoretical herd of F1 females at age equilibrium mated to produce three-way terminal-cross calves and for the required proportion of straightbred cows needed to produce replacements. Two Bos indicus x Bos taurus vs two Bos taurus x Bos taurus types of crossbred cows were compared in the production environment of south-central Nebraska. The four types of F1 females were from Hereford (H) or Angus (A) dams and by H or A (HA), Pinzgauer (Pz), Brahman (Bm), or Sahiwal (Sw) sires. The crossbred females were assumed mated to Red Poll (R) sires for their first calving and to Simmental (S) sires thereafter. Two evaluations of efficiency for each of the four breeding systems were total cow and calf feed energy input 1) per unit of only weaned calf weight output (CALFEFF, Mcal/kg) and 2) per unit of weaned calf plus .55 x cull cow weight output (TVALEFF, Mcal/kg). Results for a terminal age of 7 yr in systems using HA, Pz, Bm, and Sw crossbred cows, respectively, were 64.9, 64.5, 60.9, and 59.3 Mcal/kg for CALFEFF and 45.7, 46.4, 44.1, and 43.7 Mcal/kg for TVALEFF. Changing terminal age to 11 yr reduced CALFEFF about 6% but increased TVALEFF about 7%, because total inputs increased more than output value (10 vs 3%) from 7 to 11 yr terminal ages. These results suggest differences in efficiency among these breed crosses favoring the Bos indicus crossbred cows by over 4% in this particular environment.
US: Videotex in a “Hyperevolutionary” Market

The development of videotex in the United States both parallels and diverges from the experience of videotex in Europe. On the one hand, just as with their European counterparts, consumer acceptance of videotex services in the U.S. has not kept pace with overambitious projections. In addition, just as many European countries have continued to pursue videotex in the face of overwhelming consumer disinterest, US videotex ventures continue to appear despite several spectacular failures in the mid 1980s. On the other hand, unlike most European systems, there is no monolithic videotex network operator or service provider, but rather many competing ones, including several that are highly profitable and expanding rapidly. Also, there is not the same reliance on specific display protocols using special purpose terminals, as is more common in Europe. Instead, US videotex systems tend to rely on personal computers as terminal devices with ASCII text in place of graphics-oriented displays. In this chapter, a brief history of the development of videotex in the US is provided, along with a report on its current status. The distinct evolutionary path of videotex-like services is then shown to be in part influenced by the structure of the US telecommunications industry and corresponding policy and regulation with regard to telecommunications and information services. Several emerging policy issues raised by the continued development of electronic information services are also briefly discussed. The final section of the chapter introduces several new initiatives, in order to illustrate the almost “hyperevolutionary” characteristic of the electronic information services marketplace in the US. By hyperevolutionary, we imply that a sort of rapid natural selection process now appears to be unfolding, with many new forms appearing as experimentation to find successful services and modes of service delivery continues.78
Changes in prescribing and healthcare resource utilization after FDA Drug Safety Communications involving zolpidem-containing medications.

Purpose Products containing the sedative/hypnotic zolpidem were subject to Drug Safety Communications (DSCs) in January and May 2013 describing the risk of next-morning impairment and recommending lower starting doses particularly for women. This study aimed to assess whether zolpidem DSCs were associated with prescribing-pattern changes between January 2011 and December 2013. Methods We assessed overall dispensings of zolpidem-containing products between January 2011 and December 2013 by conducting a time-series analysis. Analyses were stratified by gender because the DSC contained gender-specific information. Participants were patients drawn from the Optum Clinformatics data source of commercially insured people in the USA. We evaluated changes in mean prescribed dose of the two drugs and health care utilization metrics. Results Each month of the study, more than 80 000 patients received a zolpidem-containing product and approximately one-tenth as many received eszopiclone. The two DSCs did not affect the downward trajectory of new zolpidem prescriptions. However, there was an increase in use of lower-dose forms of zolpidem (30% increase, p < 0.001), coupled with a reduction in higher-dose forms (13% decrease, p = 0.03), so that the average dose decreased after the DSCs (from 9.7 mg to 9.4 mg, p < 0.001), a change that was not seen with eszopiclone (from 2.74 mg to 2.74 mg, p = 0.45). Conclusion The DSCs related to zolpidem-containing products shifted prescribing toward the lower-dose formulations, consistent with the recommendations in the DSCs. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Los límites de la letra: palabra/imagen en el proyecto liberal de Jorge Zalamea / Boundaries of the letter: word/image in the liberal project of Jorge Zalamea

As part of the Colombian liberal project, Jorge Zalamea (Bogota, 1905 - 1969) was fierce detractor of the position of power held by the media in the early 20th century. According to him, the Conservative party was engaged in saying a lot but not doing anything, controlling the rhetoric as a tool of distinction and segregation. Zalamea’s editorial project questioned the centrality and boundaries of the word through publications that employed different means and arts to re-configurate the spaces of the representation of the national affairs. This work explores the relationship between photography and text in La metamorfosis de su excelencia (1951), as well as the composition of El gran Burundun-Burunda ha muerto (1952), as an impure text.
Telemedicine and Mobile Technology

Telemedicine and mobile health (mHealth) represent modern and evolving forms of information and communication technologies (ICTs) whose applications aim to enhance and support the delivery of health care. Mobile health (mHealth) is enabled by a wide array of smartphones, tablets, gaming consoles, wearables, and mobile apps. Utilization of telemedicine and mHealth technologies in clinical practice has shown potential for improved patient satisfaction and communication; however, design considerations in mHealth remain critically important for overcoming the barriers to a patient-centered approach. Among those barriers are device accessibility, ease of use, perceived patient-centered mobile app design, and response times and formats which are commensurate with situational severity. For the purposes of clinical trials, various modes of telemedicine and mHealth have been validated and may emerge as reliable methods of trial recruitment, sustained participation, data acquisition, and longitudinal follow-up. Such modes of mHealth are aimed toward gathering serial objective data, patient-generated health data (PGHD), and patient-reported outcomes.
Movement System Diagnosis.

Background and purpose This article presents the concept of movement system diagnoses (MSDxs), including an examination of the evolution of the ideas that are shaping the development of MSDxs. Summary of key points Ideas leading to development of the need for MSDxs are traced, and an overview of Diagnosis Dialog and points of consensus are provided. Four examples from areas of neurologic and pediatric practice where additional work is needed on movement system diagnosis are highlighted. Clinical practice The development and use of MSDxs are deemed critical to the future development of practice in pediatric and neurologic physical therapy. The prediction of treatment outcomes through research is dependent on homogeneous groups of patients with similar signs and symptoms of movement system disorders. Only by investigating homogeneous groups with refined MSDxs will it be possible to carefully examine and identify interventions that are appropriate to a specific diagnosis. Further, our ability to identify disordered movements, including inactivity and over-activity that could lead across time to disabling conditions presents a strong argument for establishing movement system diagnoses that forewarn of the risk of disordered movement poses to health. Such movement system diagnoses would guide interventions that deter the development of disabling conditions rooted in disordered movement.
Motif: a wearable sonic cueing device for memory support and cognitive intervention

Alzheimer's is the 6th most leading cause of death in the United States, more lethal than breast and prostate cancer combined [1]. Currently, there are over 5.5 million Americans suffering from this disease. Inspired by this concept, we created Motif, a wearable device to support members of our society who need it most. Motif is an aesthetically pleasing, auditory cueing system for individuals at risk or suffering from Alzheimer's. By playing songs in response to particular people, places and situations, Motif is able to trigger memories and provide context. Patients at risk for Alzheimer's or individuals struggling with memory concerns can greatly benefit from this wearable musical intervention, to improve their wellbeing and quality of life.
Zero-Effort In-Home Sleep and Insomnia Monitoring using Radio Signals

Insomnia is the most prevalent sleep disorder in the US. In-home insomnia monitoring is important for both diagnosis and treatment. Existing solutions, however, require the user to either maintain a sleep diary or wear a sensor while sleeping. Both can be quite cumbersome. This paper introduces EZ-Sleep, a new approach for monitoring insomnia and sleep. EZ-Sleep has three properties. First, it is zero effort, i.e., it neither requires the user to wear a sensor nor to record any data. It monitors the user remotely by analyzing the radio signals that bounce off her body. Second, it delivers new features unavailable with other devices such as automatically detecting where the user sleeps and her exact bed schedule, while simultaneously monitoring multiple users in different beds. Third, it is highly accurate. Its average error in measuring sleep latency and total sleep time is 4.9 min and 10.3 min, respectively.
Introduction: The Nature of Invention, in Word and Image

What extraordinary new mansion is this, rising so swiftly? To what end is there so much labor and sweat all around? Everywhere crowds of febrile workers, iron tools in hand, fall upon the stones. Vast foundations are laid in the open ground, from which an enormous mountain-peak of roofline climbs toward the stars. The clangor from the arduous work wanders through the seven hills of marveling Rome, the winding valleys echoing with the sound. Francesco Sperulo, The Villa Giulia Medicea Constructed in Verse (Villa Iulia Medica versibus fabricata ), 1–7. In early 1519, the humanist and papal courtier Francesco Sperulo went for a walk on the Monte Mario, a wooded hill on the northwest edge of Rome with a breathtaking view of the city (Plate I). There, he tells us, he was inspired to write a poem, which he did as soon as he returned home. The object of his visit and his verse was the construction of the magnificent new villa overlooking the Tiber that we now know as Villa Madama, then being built by Pope Leo X Medici and his cousin and vice chancellor of the church, Cardinal Giulio de’ Medici. Not only a pleasurable villa suburbana for the Medici, this complex would also be a papal hospitium to welcome foreign dignitaries about to make a ceremonial entry into Rome. It was to be one of the first grand villas of the Roman Renaissance, conceived on a colossal scale unprecedented in modern Rome. The complex was also intended to rival and surpass its ancient prototypes, known from archeological remains as well as evocative literary descriptions of Roman villa life. The new villa, designed and decorated by Raphael and his associates, would present a Rome of revived ancient splendor and power to its important visitors. For Raphael, at the height of his powers, the Medici villa commission was a rare opportunity to conceive architecture and decoration together from the ground up, and a unique chance to design an entirely new, freestanding building and its landscape. As it turned out, it was also his last testament, incomplete at the artist's death in 1520. Although the utopian complex was only partially realized, one wing and some of the gardens were largely completed and lavishly ornamented, creating a novel and extraordinary decorative ensemble integrating landscape, architecture, ancient sculpture, painted and stucco decoration, gardens, and waterworks (Plates II–VIII).
Potential Epigenetic Regulation in the Germinal Center Reaction of Lymphoid Tissues in HIV/SIV Infection.

The production of high-affinity and broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) plays a key role in the defense against pathogens. These antibody responses require effective germinal center (GC) reaction within anatomical niches of GCs, where follicular T (Tfh) cells provide cognate help to B cells for T cell-dependent antibody responses. Emerging evidences indicate that GC reaction in normal state and perhaps establishment of latent Tfh cell reservoir in HIV/SIV infection are tightly regulated by epigenetic histone modifications, which are responsible for activating or silencing chromatin. A better understanding of the mechanisms behind GC responses, at cellular and molecular levels, thus provides necessary knowledge for vaccination and immunotherapy. In this review, we discussed the epigenetic regulation of germinal center responses, especially for GC B and Tfh cell under normal state or HIV/SIV infection.
Soft-bodied Fidget Toys: A Materials Exploration

We present an exploration of e-textile/soft materials that can be used to capture fidget traces, while providing the touch sensations that fidgeters report seeking out in everyday fidget objects [3,4,5]. We created two soft-bodied "sampler" objects with a range of smart fidgeting affordances, which we describe in this paper, along with a general outline of the range of properties explored. This work extends exploration of a novel design space introduced in [4], toward the end goal of creating smart fidget objects that aid self-regulation. We include an overview of our design process, present some preliminary insights about materials that support this design space, and conclude with current and future directions for the work.
From a Sampling Precision Perspective, Skewness Is a Friend and Not an Enemy!

Two recent publications in Educational and Psychological Measurement advocated that researchers consider using the a priori procedure. According to this procedure, the researcher specifies, prior to data collection, how close she wishes her sample mean(s) to be to the corresponding population mean(s), and the desired probability of being that close. A priori equations provide the necessary sample size to meet specifications under the normal distribution. Or, if sample size is taken as given, a priori equations provide the precision with which estimates of distribution means can be made. However, there is currently no way to perform these calculations under the more general family of skew-normal distributions. The present research provides the necessary equations. In addition, we show how skewness can increase the precision with which locations of distributions can be estimated. This conclusion, based on the perspective of improving sampling precision, contrasts with a typical argument in favor of performi...
The differentially associated sharing economy

The sharing economy has been booming in China. Within the sharing economy, the ridesharing sector has been a profit-generating engine. This sector is generally associated with the strikingly rapid ...
A Historian’s Perspective on Rivers of the Anthropocene

The assertion by leading scientists that the Anthropocene has replaced the Holocene as the most recent geological epoch represents an important opportunity to promote interdisciplinary communication. Determining the existence of a new geological epoch and naming it the Anthropocene is largely the domain of science. Analyzing and explaining the long-term human impact on earth systems that produced and sustained that epoch is the domain of humanists and social scientists, such as historians and archaeologists, who address the complex and changing connections between culture and nature. Historians look at the evolving relationship between people and their environment. History adds both the longue duree and context to present-day understanding of the interplay between human and natural systems. Writing in Smithsonian Magazine (January 2013), Joseph Stromberg, journalist and science writer, posed an essential question: “Have human beings permanently changed the planet?” His question is simultaneously historical and interdisciplinary; it highlights the role of human agency driven by an evolving mosaic of human culture. Rivers offer a metaphor for understanding the human environmental experience. As such they present an opportunity for the real and sustained interdisciplinary study, communication, and collaboration that could yield a credible and effective answer to Stromberg’s question.
LCM2: A coupled leaf/canopy radiative transfer model

Abstract Two radiative transfer models have been coupled to generate vegetation canopy reflectance as a function of leaf chemistry, leaf morphology (as represented by leaf scattering properties), leaf thickness, soil reflectance, and canopy architecture. A model of radiative transfer within a leaf, called LEAFMOD, treats the radiative transfer equation for a slab of optically uniform leaf material, providing an estimate of leaf hemispherical reflectance and transmittance as well as the radiance exiting the leaf surfaces. The canopy model then simulates radiative transfer within a mixture of leaves, with each having uniform optical properties as determined by LEAFMOD, assuming a bi-Lambertian leaf scattering phase function. The utility of the model, called LCM2 (Leaf/Canopy Model version 2), is demonstrated through predictions of radiometric measurements of canopy reflectance and sensitivity to leaf chlorophyll and moisture content.
THE ROLE OF SECONDARY METABOLISM IN PENICILLIUM BREVICOMPACTUM

ABSTRACT Reasons are given for believing that mycophenolic acid and brevianamide A are produced in P. brevicompactum by cultures that possess an aerial mycelium or its equivalent. KEYWORDS Mycophenolic acid; brevianamide A; aerial mycelium; solid culture.
From information to experience: Place-based augmented reality games as a model for learning in a globally networked society

Background/ContextNew information technologies make information available just-in-time and on demand and are reshaping how we interact with information, but schools remain in a print-based culture,...
A collaborative control protocol for agricultural robot routing with online adaptation

Abstract Stress in crops is one of the major concerns in precision agriculture because it indicates the emergence of disease and damage in plants. Detecting the stress condition of a plant early is critical. A system that can monitor the condition of plants is a desirable solution. In this work, Collaborative Control Theory is utilized to construct a new system, ARS (agricultural robotic system) which synchronizes humans, a mobile robot, and a variable set of sensors to effectively perform the monitoring and detection tasks. A key protocol for that system, which combines routing algorithm, adaptive search algorithm, and collaboration control framework has been developed and validated, and is presented in this article. By using greenhouse as a case study structure, the protocol routes a robot to visit the sampled locations by using a genetic algorithm. In addition, the search algorithm can be guided by the predictive characteristics of the crops’ stress, which can spread to other plants according to sunlight, airflow direction, and other known conditions. Based on simulation experiments, the results indicate with statistical significance that (1) the routing algorithm increases the number of successful detections of existing stressed plants by 45.77% compared to monitoring without this routing algorithm. (2) The adaptive search algorithm improves the number of successful detections of stressed plants by 71.88% compared to a system without the adaptive search algorithm. (3) The new protocol developed in this research yields the highest overall robotic efficiency, compared with a system without collaborative control framework.
Welcome from the conference chairs

Welcome to WSDM 2010—the ACM international conference on Web Search and Data Mining. These proceedings represent only the third meeting of this conference, and yet the series has attracted significant attention, right from the beginning, in 2008 in Stanford, CA, and growing in Barcelona last year. As the PC Chairs’ message will detail, the number of submissions to the conference has grown substantially over last year, and we have adjusted the conference format to accommodate more accepted papers.
Campylobacter subtypes detected in broiler ceca and livers collected at slaughter

Foodborne campylobacteriosis has been linked to undercooked chicken liver. We have detected Campylobacter in chicken livers available at retail. The objective of the current project was to determine the prevalence and subtype of Campylobacter associated with livers and ceca of the same broiler carcasses at commercial slaughter. Within 2 min of commercial evisceration, we collected liver and ceca of one broiler carcass from each of 70 discreet flocks over a 12-mo period. Liver surface, liver internal tissue, and cecal contents were cultured for Campylobacter using standard methods. One example of the predominant colony type was selected from each positive sample for whole genome sequencing and multilocus sequence typing. We detected Campylobacter in at least one sample from 58 of 70 (83%) carcasses/flocks; 41 ceca, 57 liver surface samples, and 19 liver internal tissue samples were positive. For 11 of 18 carcasses from which all samples were positive, the predominant colony types were indistinguishable. However, some carcasses did have multiple subtypes of Campylobacter. Of carcasses with Campylobacter on the surface of the liver and within the ceca, it was more likely that the subtypes be the same than different (P 0.05). We detected different subtypes of Campylobacter from internal liver tissue and liver surface of seven broiler carcasses/flocks. Livers from a large percentage of broiler carcasses/flocks can have one or more subtypes of Campylobacter.
Elbow Common Flexor Tendon Repair Technique

Medial epicondylitis, also known as "golfer's elbow," is a common orthopaedic condition that typically results from overuse of the flexor pronator mass. Repetitive eccentric loading of the muscles responsible for wrist flexion and forearm pronation leads to microtrauma and subsequent degeneration of the flexor pronator tendon. Patients with medial epicondylitis typically present in the fourth to sixth decade of life and have an insidious onset of medial elbow pain. Occasionally, medial epicondylitis may result from an acute traumatic event, such as an acute avulsion of the common flexor tendon. Patients should be examined for concomitant elbow pathologies, including ulnar neuritis and ulnar collateral ligament injury. T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging can show increased signal intensity in the common flexor tendon or a complete rupture. Nonsurgical management is the mainstay of treatment; however, surgical treatment may be indicated in elite athletes and patients with persistent symptoms after conservative treatment. This technique article with accompanying video describes open debridement and repair of the flexor pronator tendon, with an emphasis on restoration of the anatomic footprint and compression across the repair site to promote biological healing.
The Role of Environmental Enrichment on Neurodevelopment: Emotion Regulation in Adolescence as a Model Paradigm

George Engel’s 1977 biopsychosocial model remains effective to this day in positioning the environment on equal footing with biology in formulations of adolescent health and well-being. While the intervening “decade of the brain” and contemporary initiatives such as the Research Domain Criteria approach have most directly updated our understanding of the constitutional elements of mental health, environmental contributions to these elements have kept apace. In this chapter, emotion regulation, a key intrinsic process and transdiagnostic marker of mental health with defined neural correlates, is developed as an exemplary nodal point for demonstrating the crucial influence of the environment in the development of brain and behavior.
Radiation Dosimetry on 18F-VAT in human

1002 Objectives: bjective : We previously reported based on PET imaging in nonhuman primates human the radiation dosimetry estimates for [18F]-VAT[1], a novel radiotracer for vesicular acetylcholine transporter, (-)-(1-((2R,3R)-8-(2-[(18)F]fluoro-ethoxy)-3-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)piperidin-4-yl)(4-fluorophenyl)-methanone ([18F]VAT). This work estimates human radiation dosimetry from human PET images using this agent and compares the biodistribution relative to non-primate data. Methods: Three human volunteers were imaged on an ECAT HR+ using the whole-body acquisition mode and multiple time points following injection of 370MBq of [18F]-VAT. Three dimensional region of interest that encompass the entire organs or sample of the organ to calculate average organ activity, were drawn on the organs showing visible uptake on the PET images. Organ time activity curves were created and organ residence times were calculated by analytical integration of multi-exponential fits. Residence times were entered in OLINDA/EXM for the adult anthropomorphic hermaphrodite model. All activity non-accounted for was assigned to the remainder of the body. Results: Organ radiation dosimetry revealed that the critical organ is the gallbladder with a dose of 104 uSv/MBq followed by the liver at 31 uSv/MBq. The effective Dose is 12 uSv/MBq. The human biodistribution revealed a similar biodistribution to the previously reported macaque study data but with less accumulation in the gallbladder. Conclusions: Both human and macaque biodistribution data showed high retention of [18F]-VAT in the liver and gallbladder consistent with hepatobiliary clearance. These dosimetry data support that relatively safe doses of [18F]-VAT can be administered to obtain imaging in humans. [1] Radiation dosimetry of [18F]VAT in nonhuman primates, M. Karimi, Z.Tu, X.Yue, X.Zhang, J. Jin, J. Perlmutter, R. Laforest, EJNMMI Res. 2015; 5:73.
Design Patterns for Compensating Controls for Securing Financial Sessions

We formally extend the processes of design patterns from software engineering into the area of session management and transactional risk management, in an effort to improve the reliability, predictability, and security in identity. This work addresses identity management systems that sustain sessions across extended supply chains of multiple technologies and policies. The design patterns will help promote better practices in the design and development of these session-management and transaction-management systems, and the overview of compensating controls will record common practices in addressing the inconsistencies faced by real-world systems in working across technical and policy domains. An initial design pattern for compensating controls was developed. It addresses purchasing products or services from a web merchant with PCI DSS serving as the backdrop for existing controls and for which compensating controls might be needed. The approach used for this initial design pattern for compensating controls may be used in other areas so that a repository of these documents may be available to various stakeholders to provide more secure and robust systems. Likewise, the holistic approach employed here by incorporating multiple perspectives–business, legal, and technical–provides a useful framework for addressing the organizational realities of deploying and protecting information systems from various threats.
DNS of a Mach 4 Reacting Turbulent Boundary Layer

A direct numerical simulation approach is used to study a Mach 4, Re θ = 8200 turbulent boundary layer. The conditions chosen represent a 26° wedge at a Mach number of 20 and 20 km altitude. In this case, the boundary layer temperature is high enough to induce chemical reactions. It is found that endothermic reactions result in a reduction in the magnitude of the temperature fluctuations. However, when the reactions are exothermic, the temperature and the reaction rate fluctuations are enhanced.
PERKEMBANGAN PEMBANGUNAN SEKTOR PERTANIAN DI MELAKA, 1957-1980

Sektor pertanian sememangnya tidak asing lagi dalam pembangunan ekonomi bagi negeri Melaka. Selepas kemerdekaan negara, sektor pertanian masih merupakan nadi utama pertumbuhan ekonomi Melaka terutama bagi tanaman getah dan padi. Ini terbukti melalui kedua-dua jenis tanaman ini adalah penyumbang utama kepada peningkatan Keluaran Dalam Negeri Kasar (KDNK) Melaka semenjak tahun 1960 hingga tahun 1980. Meskipun, tumpuan awal pembangunan sektor pertanian di Melaka terarah kepada meningkatkan produktiviti keluaran pertanian, namun, tidak bererti Kerajaan Melaka mengabaikan tumpuan untuk membaiki kehidupan sosial penduduk luar bandar di bawah strategi pembangunan pertanian. Oleh yang demikian, kajian ini ingin mengetengahkan sejauhmana perkembangan pertanian yang dijalankan Kerajaan Melaka telah dapat meningkatkan taraf hidup penduduk luar bandar dari tahun 1957 sehingga tahun 1980. Tahun 1957 dipilih sebagai tempoh permulaan bagi kajian ini kerana menandakan tahun kemerdekaan negara. Manakala penyelidikan ini berakhir pada tahun 1980 sebelum bermula pelaksanaan pembangunan pertanian secara in-situ menerusi Rancangan Pembangunan Pertanian Bersepadu Negeri Melaka pada awal tahun 1981. Fokus kepada kajian ini akan mengupas strategi-strategi yang dilaksanakan kerajaan Melaka melalui program-program pertanian yang diperkenalkan sepanjang tempoh berkenaan. Penyelidikan ini menggunakan beberapa sumber dan data yang berjaya diperoleh dari Arkib Negara Malaysia, Arkib Negara Malaysia Cawangan Melaka, Perbadanan Perpustakaan Awam Negeri Melaka, dan Perpustakaan Universiti Malaya serta Jabatan Ketua Menteri Melaka. Berdasarkan dapatan kajian yang diperolehi, secara keseluruhan, strategi-strategi pembangunan pertanian di Melaka telah berjaya dijalankan sepenuhnya meskipun berhadapan dengan kekangan-kekangan tertentu. Perubahan taraf hidup penduduk luar bandar di Melaka telah mula menampakkan perubahan memberangsangkan setelah bermulanya pelaksanaan rancangan pembangunan pertanian sejak kemerdekaan dicapai.
Semi-Supervised Policy Initialization for Playing Games with Language Hints.

Using natural language as a hint can supply an additional reward for playing sparse-reward games. Achieving a goal should involve several different hints, while the given hints are usually incomplete. Those unmentioned latent hints still rely on the sparse reward signal, and make the learning process difficult. In this paper, we propose semi-supervised initialization (SSI) that allows the agent to learn from various possible hints before training under different tasks. Experiments show that SSI not only helps to learn faster (1.2x) but also has a higher success rate (11% relative improvement) of the final policy.
Notes on Stenochiini Kirby, 1837 genera and species from western North America (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

The tribe Stenochiini Kirby, 1837 comprises six genera in North America with most species occurring in the tropical and temperate regions of the continent. Only two species in the genus Strongylium Kirby, 1818 have previously been reported from west of the Continental Divide in the United States from Arizona and New Mexico and no members of the tribe have been reported from the state of Sonora, Mexico. We here report Strongylium tenuicolle (Say, 1826), known to be widely distributed east of the Rocky Mountains, from west of the Continental Divide for the first time from both Arizona and New Mexico. We similarly report the first records of both Strongylium apache Triplehorn and Spilman, 1973 and Strongylium atrum Champion, 1888 from Sonora. Oploptera chamelensis (Doyen, 1990) was previously known only from the type series from Jalisco, Mexico and is here reported from Sonora, which thereby extends the known range of this genus significantly. To promote consistency in generic recognition, we propose the transfer of Oploptera simplicicollis (LeConte, 1878) New Combination from Strongylium for the species distributed across the southeastern United States. Species diagnoses are given and generic boundaries are discussed along with the expected diversity of the Sonoran Desert region.
Effect of crevice morphology on SRB activity and steel corrosion under marine foulers.

Abstract Localized corrosion of submerged steel H-piles was detected in a Florida bridge spanning over a brackish river. Analysis of the water showed proliferation of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB). The steel piles had coincident heavy marine growth that may support biofilms and biocorrosion. The objective of the research described here was to identify the role of the physical morphologies of macrofouling on SRB activity and the aggravation of microbiologically influences corrosion (MIC) of submerged steel bridge. Laboratory experiments were carried out in nutrient-rich environments inoculated with SRB, with both porous and laminate crevice conditions characteristic of soft and hard marine fouling. It was confirmed that SRB proliferation can occur within the crevice environments, but aeration levels under crevices with interaction with the bulk solution can affect SRB activity. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy provided separation of environmental parameters and surface reaction parameters for the complicated systems relating to corrosion under the porous and laminate crevice geometries.
The classical hitchhiking model with continuous mutational pressure and purifying selection

Detecting selective sweeps driven by strong positive selection and localizing the targets of selection in the genome play a major role in modern population genetics and genomics. Most of these analyses are based on the classical model of genetic hitchhiking proposed by Maynard Smith and Haigh (1974, Genetical Research, 23, 23). Here, we consider extensions of the classical two-locus model. Introducing mutation at the strongly selected site, we analyze the conditions under which soft sweeps may arise. We identify a new parameter (the ratio of the beneficial mutation rate to the selection coefficient) that characterizes the occurrence of multiple-origin soft sweeps. Furthermore, we quantify the hitchhiking effect when the polymorphism at the linked locus is not neutral but maintained in a mutation-selection balance. In this case, we find a smaller relative reduction of heterozygosity at the linked site than for a neutral polymorphism. In our analysis, we use a semi-deterministic approach; i.e., we analyze the frequency process of the beneficial allele in an infinitely large population when its frequency is above a certain threshold; however, for very small frequencies in the initial phase after the onset of selection we rely on diffusion theory.
Do Global Cities Enable Global Views? Using Twitter to Quantify the Level of Geographical Awareness of U.S. Cities

Dynamic social media content, such as Twitter messages, can be used to examine individuals’ beliefs and perceptions. By analyzing Twitter messages, this study examines how Twitter users exchanged and recognized toponyms (city names) for different cities in the United States. The frequency and variety of city names found in their online conversations were used to identify the unique spatiotemporal patterns of “geographical awareness” for Twitter users. A new analytic method, Knowledge Discovery in Cyberspace for Geographical Awareness (KDCGA), is introduced to help identify the dynamic spatiotemporal patterns of geographic awareness among social media conversations. Twitter data were collected across 50 U.S. cities. Thousands of city names around the world were extracted from a large volume of Twitter messages (over 5 million tweets) by using the Twitter Application Programming Interface (APIs) and Python language computer programs. The percentages of distant city names (cities located in distant states or other countries far away from the locations of Twitter users) were used to estimate the level of global geographical awareness for Twitter users in each U.S. city. A Global awareness index (GAI) was developed to quantify the level of geographical awareness of Twitter users from within the same city. Our findings are that: (1) the level of geographical awareness varies depending on when and where Twitter messages are posted, yet Twitter users from big cities are more aware of the names of international cities or distant US cities than users from mid-size cities; (2) Twitter users have an increased awareness of other city names far away from their home city during holiday seasons; and (3) Twitter users are more aware of nearby city names than distant city names, and more aware of big city names rather than small city names.
Software design for the Tritium Systems Test Assembly

The control system for the Tritium Systems Test Assembly (TSTA) must execute complicated algorithms for the control of several sophisticated subsystems. It must implement this control with requirements for easy modifiability, for high availability, and provide stringent protection for personnel and the environment. Software techniques used to deal with these requirements are described, including modularization based on the structure of the physical systems, a two-level hierarchy of concurrency, a dynamically modifiable man-machine interface, and a specification and documentation language based on a computerized form of structured flowcharts.
PINK FLAMINGOS Y LO ABYECTO: ENTRE PERFORMATIVIDAD PARÓDICA Y PASTICHE

The abject has traversed aesthetic experimentation during the last century, seeking to make visible the fissures in the normative-disciplinary constitution of the modern sub
Menstrual disorders: Dysfunctional uterine bleeding

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding is defined as abnormal endometrial bleeding without structural pathology. Although, abnormal uterine bleeding may occur in women of all ages, it is a particularly common issue for adolescents. This article reviews the normal menstrual cycle and the abnormal menstrual cycles. Familiarity with the normal menstrual cycle is necessary to identify the possible causes of abnormal bleeding and aids in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with abnormal uterine bleeding.
MAC Protocol Design Using Evolvable State-Machines

This paper explores a framework of Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol synthesis using evolving finite state machines. A network protocol is coded as a genotype and its resulting state machine behavior manifests in the form of the corresponding phenotype, leading to specific protocol performance. The genotype or state machine is allowed to evolve under the pressure of desired performance fitness. In this paper, the proposed framework is applied specifically to the well-known pure-ALOHA protocol for which protocol performance is known under a certain network and loading conditions. Using a C based protocol fitness evaluator and a Java based evolution fabric, we show that a generalized state machine is able to evolve towards known pure-ALOHA solutions under a wide range of network and loading conditions.
Passivating SiS/sub 2/ films on InP

The authors have studied the passivation of InP surfaces by vacuum evaporation of silicon sulfide. SiO/sub 2//SiS/sub 2//InP MIS structures were formed by reacting the top layers of the SiS/sub 2/ with water vapor. Interface characteristics inferred from high-frequency capacitance-voltage measurements and Raman spectroscopy indicate excellent interfaces and a nonuniform tensile stress in the InP. The benefits of this approach compared to some other sulfurization techniques appear to include not only a much improved morphology of the passivated semiconductor surface but also a much less critical process to achieve optimum surface improvement. >
Lithium Phenylthio(2‐vinylcyclopropyl)cuprate

(cis) [61754-34-5] C11H12CuLiS (MW 246.79) InChI = 1S/C6H6S.C5H7.Cu.Li/c7-6-4-2-1-3-5-6;1-2-5-3-4-5;;/h1-5,7H;2-3,5H,1,4H2;;/q;;+1;/p-1 InChIKey = OEDRLCPGDVZUPY-UHFFFAOYSA-M (trans) [71647-04-6] InChI = 1S/C6H6S.C5H7.Cu.Li/c7-6-4-2-1-3-5-6;1-2-5-3-4-5;;/h1-5,7H;2-3,5H,1,4H2;;/q;;+1;/p-1/t;5-;;/m.1../s1 InChIKey = OEDRLCPGDVZUPY-YEAWCGRSSA-M [102511-64-8] InChI = 1S/C6H6S.C5H7.Cu.Li/c7-6-4-2-1-3-5-6;1-2-5-3-4-5;;/h1-5,7H;2-3,5H,1,4H2;;/q;;+1;/p-1/t;5-;;/m.0../s1 InChIKey = OEDRLCPGDVZUPY-QEJHLSQBSA-M (heterocuprate useful in 1,4-addition–elimination reactions2 and annulations3) Solubility: sol THF; less sol ether. Analysis of Reagent Purity: an assay to determine relative thermal stabilities4 can be used to estimate reagent quality and concentration: a sample of known volume and temperature is quenched with excess PhCOCl; the yield of 2-vinylcyclopropyl phenyl ketone is measured by GC or HPLC, the response of which is calibrated using authentic product and an appropriate internal standard. Preparative Method: 2-vinylcyclopropyllithium5 is prepared by cooling a 0.25 M ether or THF solution of 1-bromo-2-vinylcyclopropane6 under Ar to −78 °C. Dropwise addition of 1.1–1.4 equiv of a solution of tert-Butyllithium is followed by stirring for 2 h. One equiv of Phenylthiocopper(I)7 is added, and the resultant slurry is diluted with 5 mL THF per mmol of cyclopropane. The reaction is warmed to −20 °C; a clear, light brown solution of cuprate forms after stirring for 20 min. It is cooled to −78 °C and is used directly. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: best results are obtained with PhSCu prepared from high purity CuI salts,8 dry, O2-free solvents, and alkyllithium solutions free of contaminating alkoxides or hydroxides.9 t-BuLi is pyrophoric;10 care must be exercised in its handling. Use in a fume hood.
Spatial activity-based modeling for pedestrian crowd simulation

This paper proposes a spatial activity-based modeling approach and applies it to pedestrian crowd behavior simulations. Compared to conventional pedestrian crowd models where pedestrians make movement decisions in a time-based manner, the spatial activity-based pedestrian crowd model allows a pedestrian to make decisions only when needed, that is, when there is significant change in the pedestrian's spatial position, as defined by a threshold called 'space resolution'. To demonstrate the spatial activity-based modeling, we develop an activity-based model for pedestrian crowd simulation in a two-dimensional environment and compare it with a conventional time-based simulation model. Experiment results show that the spatial activity-based model can lead to more efficient simulations when simulating heterogeneous pedestrian crowds.
Development of Reduced Rolling Process for Steel Plate

The low cost Q460 and Q550 steel plates were produced in the 4200mm wide and heavy plate mill using Normal Hot Rolling and High Rate Cooling (NHR+HRC) process. The effect of both rolling processes on microstructure and mechanical property was studied. The results indicate that new type process can realize the good match between microstructure and mechanical properties. Meanwhile the new technology can short rolling time, reduce alloying addition, and improve the output of mill, it is also promote iron and steel industry developing continuously.