cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The T-cell-specific adapter protein family: TSAd, ALX, and SH2D4A/SH2D4B

Adapter proteins play key roles in intracellular signal transduction through complex formation with catalytically active signaling molecules. In T lymphocytes, the role of several different types of adapter proteins in T-cell antigen receptor signal transduction is well established. An exception to this is the family of T-cell-specific adapter (TSAd) proteins comprising of TSAd, adapter protein of unknown function (ALX), SH2D4A, and SH2D4B. Only recently has the function of these adapters in T-cell signal transduction been explored. Here, we discuss advances in our understanding of the role of this family of adapter proteins in T cells. Their function as regulators of signal transduction in other cell types is also discussed.
Registration for outdoor augmented reality applications using computer vision techniques and hybrid sensors

Registration for outdoor systems for Augmented Reality (AR) cannot rely on the methods developed for indoor use (e.g., magnetic tracking, fiducial markers). Although GPS and the earth's magnetic field can be used to obtain a rough estimate of position and orientation, the precision of this registration method is not high enough for satisfying AR overlay. Computer vision methods can help to improve the registration precision by tracking visual clues whose real world positions are known. We have developed a system that can exploit horizon silhouettes for improving the orientation precision of a camera which is aligned with the user's view. It has been shown that this approach is able to provide registration even as a stand-alone system, although the usual limitations of computer vision prohibit to use it under unfavorable conditions. This paper describes the approach of registration by using horizon silhouettes. Based on the known observer location (from GPS), the 360 degree silhouette is computed from a digital elevation map database. Registration is achieved, when the extracted visual horizon silhouette segment is matched onto this predicted silhouette. Significant features (mountain peaks) are cues which provide hypotheses for the match. Several criteria are tested to find the best matching hypothesis. The system is implemented on a PC under Windows NT. Results are shown in this paper.
iCircos: visual analytics for translational bioinformatics

Translational bioinformatics increasingly involves the discovery of associations between molecular and phenotype information, with the goal of transforming those discoveries into novel methods for diagnosis and treatment. To enable such complex analysis, researchers need approaches that provide the simultaneous representation and interactive analysis of patients, and their molecular and phenotype information. Because few existing visual analytical systems provide appropriate capabilities, we developed a prototypical visual analytical system called iCircos, which enables the simultaneous and interactive exploration of molecular and phenotype information. We discuss our overall method for developing the prototype by integrating user needs and design heuristics from visual analytics, with agile programming in HTML5 and SVG. A demonstration of the prototype to explore molecular and phenotype associations in two disease datasets suggests that iCircos has the potential to accelerate translational discoveries in complex disease datasets. We conclude by discussing insights about designing visual analytical systems for translational bioinformatics, and present our future plans for user testing and adding advanced interactivity to the prototype.
GROUP CONSCIOUSNESS AND THE ATTRIBUTION OF BLAME FOR NATIONAL ECONOMIC PROBLEMS

This study investigates the attribution of blame for national economic problems to both governmental and nongovernmental actors. Using a model that incorporates perceptions of competing class interests, the study demonstrates the crucial role of both cognitive and affective components of economic group consciousness in blame attribution. It also reinforces the importance of both personal and collective economic grievances in determining target of blame.
Hyperparamodulation: A Refinement of Paramodulation

A refinement of paramodulation, called hyperparamodulation, is the focus of attention in this paper. Clauses obtained by the use of this inference rule are, in effect, the result of a sequence of paramodulations into one common nucleus. Among the interesting properties of hyperparamodulation are: first, clauses are chosen from among the input and designated as nuclei or "into" clauses for paramodulation; second, terms in the nucleus are starred to restrict the domain of generalized equality substitution; third, total control is thus iteratively established over all possible targets for paramodulation during the entire run of the theorem-proving program; and fourth, application of demodulation is suspended until the hyperparamodulant is completed. In contrast to these four properties which are reminiscent of the spirit of hyper-resolution, the following differences exist: first, the nucleus and the starred terms therein, which are analogous to negative literals, are determined by the user rather than by syntax; second, nuclei are not restricted to being mixed clauses; and third, while hyper-resolution requires inferred clauses to be positive, no corresponding requirement exists for clauses inferred by hyperparamodulation.
Education Research: Case logs in the assessment of medical students in the neurology outpatient clinic

Objective: Using outpatient neurology clinic case logs completed by medical students on neurology clerkships, we examined the impact of outpatient clinical encounter volume per student on outcomes of knowledge assessed by the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) Clinical Neurology Subject Examination and clinical skills assessed by the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). Methods: Data from 394 medical students from July 2008 to June 2012, representing 9,791 patient encounters, were analyzed retrospectively. Pearson correlations were calculated examining the relationship between numbers of cases logged per student and performance on the NBME examination. Similarly, correlations between cases logged and performance on the OSCE, as well as on components of the OSCE (history, physical examination, clinical formulation), were evaluated. Results: There was a correlation between the total number of cases logged per student and NBME examination scores (r = 0.142; p = 0.005) and OSCE scores (r = 0.136; p = 0.007). Total number of cases correlated with the clinical formulation component of the OSCE (r = 0.172; p = 0.001) but not the performance on history or physical examination components. Conclusion: The volume of cases logged by individual students in the outpatient clinic correlates with performance on measures of knowledge and clinical skill. In measurement of clinical skill, seeing a greater volume of patients in the outpatient clinic is related to improved clinical formulation on the OSCE. These findings may affect methods employed in assessment of medical students, residents, and fellows.
What's New in Orthopaedic Rehabilitation

Orthopaedic rehabilitation involves the care of patients who have complex musculoskeletal problems, which are global in nature rather than being limited to one or two anatomic locations. It is a specialty that combines biomechanics and biology in a unique manner with an approach that focuses on improving the functional outcome for individuals with musculoskeletal disability through surgical and nonsurgical management. This specialty encompasses patients of all ages, a broad range of anatomic locations, and a variety of musculoskeletal dysfunctions. Orthopaedic rehabilitation comprises all of the traditional orthopaedic subspecialties, including amputation surgery, prosthetic and orthotic management, neuromuscular diseases, and a variety of other neurologic disorders, with a focus on the musculoskeletal system as a whole as well as on the linkages and couplings between bones, joints, muscles, and the nervous system. This update highlights presentations and advances in several areas of orthopaedic rehabilitation that were discussed at meetings of the Orthopaedic Rehabilitation Association, the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, and other specialty organizations over the past year. The review also highlights the papers that received the Jacquelin Perry Award and the Vernon Nickel Award, the two prestigious awards in orthopaedic rehabilitation that are presented annually by the Orthopaedic Rehabilitation Association. Motion analysis and dynamic electromyography are important tools in the analysis of movement and lower extremity function. These modalities can be utilized by the surgeon to create both operative and nonoperative treatment protocols. There have been several developments in the use of treadmills for gait analysis. Riley et al.1 examined the differences between overground and treadmill running in terms of kinematics and kinetics. With the advent of instrumented treadmills that permit the measurement of ground-reaction force, the instrumented treadmill has become an important tool that can be used by the clinician for high-velocity gait analysis. The authors examined twenty healthy, …
Circulating tumour cells in non-metastatic breast cancer: a prospective study

Summary Background The identification of circulating tumour cells correlate with poor prognosis in metastatic breast cancer, but there are few data describing the importance of circulating tumour cells in patients with non-metastatic disease. Our aim was to establish if circulating tumour cells predicted worse outcome in patients with non-metastatic breast cancer. Methods We prospectively collected data on circulating tumour cells at the time of definitive surgery from chemonaive patients with stage 1–3 breast cancer from February, 2005, to December, 2010. We deemed eligible all patients with operable breast cancer presenting at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (Houston, TX, USA). Patients were ineligible if they had bilateral breast cancer or any other malignancy within 5 years of the diagnosis of the present cancer. We measured circulating tumour cells with the CellSearch System (Veridex, Raritan, NJ). We correlated findings of circulating tumour cells with standard tumour characteristics, including tumour size and grade; oestrogen and progesterone receptor and human epidural growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status; and axillary lymph node status with χ 2 or Fisher exact tests. We assessed outcomes at a median follow-up of 35 months. Log-rank test and Cox regression analysis was applied to establish the association of circulating tumour cells with progression-free and overall survival. Findings No patients reported adverse events or complications from blood collections. We identified one or more circulating tumour cells in 73 (24%) of 302 patients. Detection of one or more circulating tumour cells predicted both decreased progression-free survival (log-rank p=0·005; hazard ratio [HR] 4·62, 95% CI 1·79–11·9) and overall survival (log-rank p=0·01; HR 4·04, 1·28–12·8). Interpretation The presence of one or more circulating tumour cells predicted early recurrence and decreased overall survival in chemonaive patients with non-metastatic breast cancer. These results suggest that assessment of circulating tumour cells might provide important prognostic information in these patients. Funding Society of Surgical Oncology, Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, and the State of Texas Rare and Aggressive Breast Cancer Research Program.
The Events and Actors of 11 September 2001 As Seen from Uruguay: Analysis of Daily Newspaper Editorials:

The aim of this article is to identify some of the discursive properties of the Uruguayan media coverage of the events of 11 September 2001 and their aftermath. The specific focus is on the construction of inand out-group identity through representation of the events and its participants. In addition, the article explores how local political agendas are advanced by arguments that connect these events to local struggles/issues. The analysis is from a critical perspective that conceives language as a social practice construed by, and at the same time construing, the social. This conceptualization of the relationship between language and the social allows us to explore the political sphere through its realizations in language. The aim is to problematize the ‘naturalized’ or hegemonic aspects of the discursive practices identified.
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia: diagnosis and detection of minimal residual disease following therapy

Flow cytometric immunophenotyping (FCI) is an important diagnostic modality in the evaluation of patients who have suspected or known acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). It enables rapid identification, quantification, and immunophenotypic characterization of leukemic blasts, permitting accurate and timely diagnosis. Beyond facilitating the classification of ALL into fundamental diagnostic categories, FCI may anticipate recurrent cytogenetic and molecular abnormalities. FCI permits the detection of leukemic blasts after therapy at a level lower than that achievable by conventional microscopic examination. Flow cytometric detection of minimal residual disease is among the strongest prognostic factors in patients who have ALL and may provide an opportunity for more precise risk-adapted therapies.
Hadley Cell Dynamics in a Primitive Equation Model. Part I: Axisymmetric Flow

Abstract A strategy is adopted that applies the mean meridional circulation (MMC) equation to two different steady states of a primitive equation model. This allows for the investigation of the mechanisms behind the sensitivity of the Hadley cell structure to individual source terms in an axisymmetric circulation. Specifically, the strategy allows the MMC response to the individual source terms to be partitioned into direct and indirect components. The model's Hadley cell strengthens and broadens as the viscosity of the model is increased. It is found that a substantial portion of this sensitivity is attributable to diabatic heating and surface friction changes, which are ultimately induced by changes in viscosity. Similar behavior is found as the meridional gradient of the radiative–convective equilibrium temperature is increased, except that in this case the indirect response arises through the viscosity and surface friction change. In both cases, the changes in the static stability change are found to ...
What College Freshmen Admit To Not Knowing About Personal Finance

The problem of the study was to determine college freshmen’s level of financial knowledge through testing, but also to determine what they admit to not knowing with regard to important financial topics. The entire freshman English 101, College Reading and Writing class at Texas A&M University-Commerce was surveyed. There were a total of 407 students enrolled in these classes. The highest test score was 80 percent achieved only by one student and lowest was 0 achieved by six students. The average score was 34.8% for all students and the median score was 32.5%. Unlike previous studies, students were offered the opportunity to respond “don’t know” to each question. On 9 of the 20 questions more students selected the “don’t know” response than those selecting an incorrect answer.
Identifying Urban Watershed Boundaries and Area, Fairfax County, Virginia

Abstract Urban hydrology differs from that of natural environments, and thus urban watersheds require innovative evaluation techniques. Typical geospatial evaluation of urban hydrology begins with identification of water flow and watershed boundaries. This study identifies steps to delineate a highly urbanized watershed in Fairfax County, Virginia. Using standard techniques for natural watersheds and one-meter2 resolution lidar, watershed and flow accumulation raster datasets were derived. Then, modifications encountered within urban landscapes i.e., impervious surfaces, stormwater inlets, pipes, and retention ponds along with high-resolution aerial photos and lidarderived contour lines were integrated into the analysis. Regions redirecting water flow from stream channels and areas redirecting water flow into the stream channels were identified. These areas were removed or added, reducing the area by almost 17 percent, and the watershed boundary was significantly altered. This analysis illustrates the significance of the distinctive characteristics of the urban landscape in accurate delineations of urban watersheds.
The Right to Be Free from Uncounseled Interrogation: A Sixth Amendment Doctrine in Search of a Rationale

In Kansas v. Ventris, the Court agreed with Massiah v. United States, and held, that statements “deliberately elicited” by the government after adversary proceedings have begun violate the Sixth Amendment and cannot be used as evidence against the defendant in the government's case in chief. The Court further concluded that such “deliberately elicited” statements are admissible for impeachment purposes if defendants testify at their trials. The Ventris Court also held, with little explanation, that this Sixth Amendment violation occurs at the time the government interrogates, not when the evidentiary fruits of interrogation are used against the defendant at trial. Such a view implies that individuals subjected to uncounseled interrogation can sue for civil rights violations whether or not the interrogation yields a statement sought to be used in evidence against him at trial. The Court, however, has failed to identify the underlying interest behind the Sixth Amendment right to be free from uncounseled interrogation. This article attempts to understand the constitutional rationale behind the Massiah decision. Such understanding will reveal whether or not the Ventris Court’s decision has a strongly grounded constitutional justification. This inquiry contrasts the Massiah line of cases with Fifth Amendment decisions; particularly the Court’s Martinez case that denied a right to be free from interrogation in the Miranda context. This analysis demonstrates that the Massiah cases can best, and perhaps only, be understood as embodiments of an unarticulated privacy interest at odds with sound Sixth Amendment jurisprudence, leaving the cases without adequate constitutional underpinning. Since the Sixth Amendment doctrinal development in Ventris is traced to Massiah, this article argues that both the Ventris holding and the Massiah decision itself should be rejected.
Interactions of Insecticide–Nematicides, Metribuzin, and Environment on Soybean Injury and Yield

Seven insecticide-nematicides were tested in different formulations, rates, and methods of application with metribuzin for their interactive effect on soybean. Under low temperature and high rainfall conditions, two formulations of carbofuran applied at 2.2 kg (AI)/ha in-furrow without metribuzin were more phytotoxic than other insecticide-nematicides. Significant soybean injury resulted when metribuzin was applied alone at 0.6 kg (AI)/ha, but combinations of the insecticide-nematicides and metribuzin produced even greater injury. Yields were not affected when insecticide-nematicide treatments were used alone. Yield reductions resulted from applications of metribuzin or combination treatments (except fenamiphos in-furrow), and yields from most combination treatments were significantly lower than comparable insecticide-nematicide treatments used alone. Under more favorable growing conditions (higher temperature), plant height increases, soybean injury, and yield reductions were observed depending on pesticide type or combination, rate, or method of application.
The Economic Organization of Late and Terminal Classic Period Maya Stone Tool Craft Specialist Workshops at Colha, Belize

AbstractThe composition of five Late and Terminal Classic Period stone tool workshop deposits from the Maya site of Colha, Belize, is compared to determine the degree of variability in production strategies within ibis community. Workshop deposits examined here are of two basic varieties: either attacbed to the slopes of single domestic platforms, or as isolated deposits located in close proximity to a Cluster of domestic structures around an aguada, or seasonally inundated pond.Debris in Late Classic deposits varies spatially and temporally with respect to stage of manufacture and types of tools produced. One set of workshop deposits, organized around an aguada, contains debris that represents early, as well as late, stages of production and indicates a specific focus on the production of one tool type. Over time, comparisons of workshop debris indicate a greater concentration on blade production at several localities during the Terminal Classic than observed during the previous period. This switch in fo...
Characterization of a high-pressure phase of silica from the Martian meteorite Shergotty

Recently, there has been substantial interest in post-stishovite high-pressure polymorphs of SiO 2 , discovered as extraterrestrial minerals, or synthesized in the laboratory. Previous investigators reported the presence of “α-PbO 2 -like” and “baddeleyite-like” SiO 2 in the Martian meteorite Shergotty, and also the synthesis of an α-PbO 2 -like phase at pressures of 60–80 GPa in a laser-heated diamond anvil cell. To provide definitive information about the nature of the natural “α-PbO 2 phase,” we recovered a small sample from the Shergotty meteorite, obtained powder X-ray diffraction patterns, and performed a Rietveld refinement of the structure. The resulting cell parameters and space group are a = 4.097(1) A, b = 5.0462(9) A, c = 4.4946(8) A, and Pbcn . The structure refinement confirms that this sample does have the α-PbO 2 structure.
Protection afforded to trypsin and trypsinogen by calcium ion from inactivation by chlorambucil.

SummaryTreatment of trypsin with chlorambucil in the absence of calcium ion results in an enzyme incapable of hydrolyzing p-toluene-sulfonyl-l-arginine methyl ester. Similar treatment of trypsinogen destroys potential tryptic activity. Calcium ion affects a protective influence on the enzyme and zymogen in the presence of chlorambucil by maintaining the enzymic activity of trypsin, and by preserving much of the potential activity of the zymogen. It is suggested that chlorambucil may affect physiological activity by reacting, in part, with the primary carboxyl binding site in trypsin and trypsinogen.
Preparing to Understand Feminism in the Twenty-First Century: Global Social Change, Women's Work, and Women's Movements

The history of women's non-wage work, women's wage labor, and contemporary women's movements can be understood with greater clarity if studies of "globalization", feminism, and the capitalist world-economy are examined in relationship to each other. Today many women's movements clearly reflect, respond to, and attempt to shape changes in wage (employer-organized) and non-wage (labor-organized) work relations. This paper is a conceptual, theoretical and historical exploration of how scholars, who study inter-related global areas, can prepare to do research on women's work and women's movements that will contribute to the development of "globalization", feminist, and world-economy scholarship.
Effectiveness of ezetimibe in improving lipid goal attainment in patients with coronary heart diseases treated with statin

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of ezctimibe on uncontrolled LDL-C when added to ongoing statin therapy in patients with coronary heart diseases (CHD) and diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods 61 patients with LDL-C level exceeding target goal (<2.07 mmol/L) after 12 weeks' treatment with statins, received ezetimibe in addition to their ongoing statin therapy for 8 weeks. Lipid parameters, alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartic aminotransferase(AST) and ereatine kinase(CK) were compared before and after the adding of ezetimibe. Results LDL-C before and after the adding of ezetimibe was (2.74±0.43) mmol/L and (2.19±0.32) mmol/L, respectively (P=0.03) in 61 patients. Ezetimibe added to statin therapy significantly reduced the LDL-C level and TC level by additional 20.1% and 19.1%, respectively (P<0.05). 74%(45/61) patients treated with ezetimibe added to statin reached their target LDL-C goal. No change of TG and HDL-C was observed and no change of AST, ALT and CK was found either. Conclusion Ezetimibe added to statin therapy lowered LDL-C level further and improved the goal attainment in patients with CHD and DM. Key words: Dislipidemia; Ezetimibe; Statin
The Vortex Concept and its Identification in Turbulent Boundary Layer Flows

The inadequacy of the use of point-concepts and dynamicconcepts to define a vortex is discussed. An objective and formal kinematic definition of a vortex that corresponds to the basic notion of a swirling motion around a central set of points is proposed. Some results of the application of algorithms based on the proposed definition to the DNS of a flat plate TBL at Re θ = 670 are presented.
Launching a Movement

Bert Campbell, associate pastor of First Presbyterian Church and key member of the Coalition Steering Committee, was often asked, “What is the Ecumenical Coalition?” That question, he says, admitted a variety of answers. Sometimes the Coalition was simply the four members of the Steering Committee. Sometimes it was the whole organization: Executive and Steering Committees with the paid and volunteer staff. Again it might mean the entire organizational response of church and temple – at local, regional, and national levels. Or it might include all the people and organizations, both in Youngstown and across the country, who had provided some measurable support. What was the Ecumenical Coalition? The Double Agenda At first, the Coalition was an emergent group. Two rather different dynamics contributed to its emergence. One was the dynamic of crisis response in the local community. The second was a recently sharpened sense of sociopolitical urban mission within the religious sector. Together, these two dynamics help explain how the Coalition came to be. There is little or no evidence that the religious leaders who formed the Coalition's Executive Committee originally intended the Coalition to be anything more than an emergency crisismanagement group. They were busy people; this project would mean extra work on top of already full schedules. They had the political sense to realize that stepping beyond their traditional roles in church administration would be controversial; they might well antagonize some church members who preferred that priests and preachers stay out of business and politics.
A novel DC measurement method for the accurate extraction of bipolar resistive parasitics

A novel DC method for determining the components of series resistance in bipolar transistors is presented. As a DC technique, it shows unprecedented accuracy as demonstrated by its application to both metal-contacted heterojunction transistors and more conventional bipolar junction transistors. The measurement error was minimized by using a single double-base Kelvin-tapped transistor to extract all components of series resistance. The present work indicates that past methods for calculating the bias dependence of series resistances in bipolar devices are incorrect. Therefore, a correct expression for the bias-dependent intrinsic base resistance is also presented. >
Writing Effective Paragraphs

Taking a methodical approach to constructing paragraphs can improve clarity and organization in medical writing. This article describes a typical model for paragraph structure, explains the significance of coherence and cohesion, and recommends revision strategies.
Picturing Scary Places: the Horror Genre and Mental Illness Review of Disability Studies Interview with Perry Blackshear

An RDS interview with Perry Blackshear, director of the acclaimed horror film They Look Like People. In this conversation, the director addresses his process making the film, how it is defined generically, and anecdotal experiences of ways in which some viewers affected by mental illness have experienced the film.
Clinical outcomes after varicose vein procedures in octogenarians within the Vascular Quality Initiative Varicose Vein Registry.

Abstract Background Whereas chronic venous insufficiency and varicose veins (VVs) are a universally recognized problem, they are frequently underappreciated as major contributors to long-term morbidity in the elderly despite the increasing prevalence with age. Previous studies have demonstrated that chronic venous insufficiency and VV treatments in patients ≥65 years old yield an overall benefit; however, there have been few data as to whether octogenarians are undergoing these procedures and with what success. As such, our objectives were to investigate the procedures selected, to examine clinical outcomes after VV procedures in elderly patients ≥80 years old, and to explore complication rates (both systemic and leg specific) after VV procedures in patients ≥80 years old. Methods We performed a retrospective review using the Vascular Quality Initiative Varicose Vein Registry of all VV procedures performed for ≥C2 disease from January 2015 to February 2017. We divided all procedures into three age groups: patients Results There were a total of 12,262 procedures performed, with 8608 procedures in the patients Conclusions Vascular specialists are performing VV procedures in octogenarians and are more likely to perform truncal only therapy. In addition, octogenarians have statistically significant improvement of Venous Clinical Severity Score and patient-reported outcomes with a low risk of complications despite more advanced venous disease at presentation.
The rise of the tent ward: Homeless camps in the era of mass incarceration

In the era of mass incarceration, services for the homeless often involve mechanisms of confinement and discipline. Over the past decade, homeless communities in cities across the US have developed large-scale encampments in which residents survive outside the purview of official homelessness management systems. Most cities have responded by evicting campers and destroying their tents and shanties. Yet some local governments have instead legalized encampments, while imposing varying degrees of spatial control and surveillance on camp residents. In so doing, they have created unique new spaces for managing homelessness. This article terms these spaces “tent wards” to reflect their dualistic functions of both care and custody. Based on secondary sources and ethnographic research from 2013, I analyze nearly a dozen tent wards in cities across the US, and engage a more in-depth study of the development of such spaces in Fresno, California. I argue that the rise of tent wards calls attention to the need for a renewed focus on the relationship between incarceration and welfare in the US, and the ways in which a diverse range of spaces function together to isolate and discipline entire segments of the population.
Effects of perinatal exposure to phthalates and a high-fat diet on maternal behavior and pup development and social play.

Humans are ubiquitously exposed to many phthalates, a class of endocrine-disrupting chemicals commonly used in many consumer goods, and diet, especially fatty food, is presumed to be a major source of exposure. Here, we use a rat model of human prenatal exposure to investigate the potential interactive effects of an environmentally relevant mixture of phthalates and a maternal high-fat diet (HFD). From gestation through postnatal day (P)10, dams consumed the mixture of phthalates (0, 200, or 1000 μg/kg/d) and were fed a control diet or HFD. In males, perinatal exposure to the mixture of phthalates decreased prepubertal body weight and, in a dose-specific manner, periadolescent social play behavior. A dose-specific effect from phthalates with HFD was also seen in increased time alone in females during social play. HFD resulted in dams consuming more calories, having greater gestational weight gain, and licking and nursing their pups more, such that an early postnatal HFD generally increased pup body weight. There also was a tendency for increased oxidative stress markers at P10 within the medial prefrontal cortex of males exposed to the relatively high dose of phthalates and HFD. Effects on gene expression were inconsistent at P10 and P90 in both the medial prefrontal cortex and hypothalamus. Overall, this study demonstrates that phthalates and a maternal HFD only rarely interacted, except in oxidative stress markers in males. Additionally, perinatal exposure to an environmentally relevant mixture of phthalates can have a modest, but lasting, impact on social behaviors in both males and females.
A classical twin study of PTSD symptoms and resilience: Evidence for a single spectrum of vulnerability to traumatic stress.

Background To examine shared genetic and environmental risk factors across PTSD symptoms and resilience. Methods Classical twin study of 2010-2012 survey data conducted among 3,318 male twin pairs in the Vietnam Era Twin Registry. Analyses included: (a) estimates of genetic and environmental influences on PTSD symptom severity (as measured by the PTSD Checklist) and resilience (assessed with the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-10); (b) development of a latent model of traumatic stress, spanning both PTSD and resilience; and (c) estimates of genetic and environmental influences on this spectrum. Results The heritability of PTSD was 49% and of resilience was 25%. PTSD and resilience were correlated at r = -.59, and 59% of this correlation was attributable to a single genetic factor, whereas the remainder was due to a single non-shared environment factor. Resilience was also influenced by common and unique environmental factors not shared with PTSD, but there was no genetic factor specific to resilience. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the Development of a revised phenotype reflecting the broader dimension of traumatic stress, with biometric models suggesting increased heritability (66%) of this spectrum compared to PTSD or resilience individually. Conclusions Genetic factors contribute to a single spectrum of traumatic stress reflecting resilience at one end and high symptom severity at the other. This carries implications for phenotype refinement in the search for molecular genetic markers of trauma-related psychopathology. Rather than focusing only on genetic risk for PTSD, molecular genetics research may benefit from evaluation of the broader spectrum of traumatic stress.
Doping evolution of the second magnetization peak and magnetic relaxation in ( B a 1 − x K x ) F e 2 A s 2 single crystals

We present a thorough study of doping dependent magnetic hysteresis and relaxation characteristics in single crystals of $(\mathrm{B}{\mathrm{a}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{K}}_{x})\mathrm{F}{\mathrm{e}}_{2}\mathrm{A}{\mathrm{s}}_{2}$ ($0.18\ensuremath{\le}x\ensuremath{\le}1$). The critical current density ${J}_{c}$ reaches maximum in the underdoped sample $x=0.26$ and then decreases in the optimally doped and overdoped samples. Meanwhile, the magnetic relaxation rate S rapidly increases and the flux creep activation barrier ${U}_{0}$ sharply decreases in the overdoped sample $x=0.70$. These results suggest that vortex pinning is very strong in the underdoped regime, but it is greatly reduced in the optimally doped and overdoped regime. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) measurements reveal the existence of dislocations and inclusions in all three studied samples $x=0.38$, 0.46, and 0.65. An investigation of the paramagnetic Meissner effect (PME) suggests that spatial variations in ${T}_{c}$ become small in the samples $x=0.43$ and 0.46, slightly above the optimal doping levels. Our results support that two types of pinning sources dominate the $(\mathrm{B}{\mathrm{a}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{K}}_{x})\mathrm{F}{\mathrm{e}}_{2}\mathrm{A}{\mathrm{s}}_{2}$ crystals: (i) strong \ensuremath{\delta}l pinning, which results from the fluctuations in the mean free path $l$ and $\ensuremath{\delta}{T}_{c}$ pinning from the spatial variations in ${T}_{c}$ in the underdoped regime, and (ii) weak $\ensuremath{\delta}{T}_{c}$ pinning in the optimally doped and overdoped regime.
Changes in the nutritional quality of fast-food items marketed at restaurants, 2010 v. 2013.

OBJECTIVE To examine the nutritional quality of menu items promoted in four (US) fast-food restaurant chains (McDonald's, Burger King, Wendy's, Taco Bell) in 2010 and 2013. DESIGN Menu items pictured on signs and menu boards were recorded at 400 fast-food restaurants across the USA. The Nutrient Profile Index (NPI) was used to calculate overall nutrition scores for items (higher scores indicate greater nutritional quality) and was dichotomized to denote healthier v. less healthy items. Changes over time in NPI scores and energy of promoted foods and beverages were analysed using linear regression. SETTING Four hundred fast-food restaurants (McDonald's, Burger King, Wendy's, Taco Bell; 100 locations per chain). SUBJECTS NPI of fast-food items marketed at fast-food restaurants. RESULTS Promoted foods and beverages on general menu boards and signs remained below the 'healthier' cut-off at both time points. On general menu boards, pictured items became modestly healthier from 2010 to 2013, increasing (mean (se)) by 3·08 (0·16) NPI score points (P<0·001) and decreasing (mean (se)) by 130 (15) kJ (31·1 (3·65) kcal; P<0·001). This pattern was evident in all chains except Taco Bell, where pictured items increased in energy. Foods and beverages pictured on the kids' section showed the greatest nutritional improvements. Although promoted foods on general menu boards and signs improved in nutritional quality, beverages remained the same or became worse. CONCLUSIONS Foods, and to a lesser extent, beverages, promoted on menu boards and signs in fast-food restaurants showed limited improvements in nutritional quality in 2013 v. 2010.
Intussusception in Infants and Children: Diagnostic Evidence-Based Emergency Imaging and Treatment

Intussusception is an acquired invagination of the bowel into itself, usually involving both small and large bowel. Ileocolic intussusception is the most common cause of small bowel obstruction in children and occurs in at least 56 children per 100,000 per year in the USA. Intussusception is an emergent condition where delay in diagnosis is not rare and may result in bowel obstruction, venous congestion, subsequent bowel necrosis, and perforation. Ultrasound plays a key role in both diagnosis and management of this entity. This chapter provides the evidence summary and tools in these situations.
A County Extension-Delivered, Email-Mediated Walking Intervention: A Programme Evaluation.

Objective:The promotion of walking could be a feasible population-level physical activity strategy because it requires little planning, is low cost and can be done year-round across settings. Commu...
Glucocorticoid Regulation of Ependymal Glia and Regenerative Potential after Spinal Cord Injury

Following injury, the mammalian spinal cord forms a glial scar and fails to regenerate. In contrast, spinal cord tissue of vertebrate fish regenerates and restores function. Cord transection in zebrafish (Danio rerio) initially causes paralysis and neural cell death, with subsequent ependymal glial proliferation, extension of bipolar glia across the lesion, and neurogenesis. Axons extending from spared and nascent neurons along trans-lesional glial bridges restore functional connectivity. Here we report that glucocorticoids directly target the regeneration supporting changes in ependymal glia to inhibit neural repair. This effect is independent of hematogenic immune cells or microglia. Furthermore, glucocorticoid receptor signaling in ependymal glia is inversely regulated in rat models of spinal cord injury compared to zebrafish. The blockade of neural regeneration by glucocorticoids via a direct effect on ependymal glia has important clinical implications concerning the putative therapeutic benefit of corticosteroids in early management of spinal cord injury.
Lateral and Withdrawal Capacity of Fasteners on Hybrid Cross-Laminated Timber Panels

AbstractCross-laminated timber (CLT) is an orthogonally laminated timber panel product made using dimensional lumber. It is gaining traction in the construction industry, as is evident by the incre...
Psychotherapy with intercultural couples: a contemporary psychodynamic approach.

Although the number of intercultural marriages has dramatically increased in the last three decades, few articles have been published on the counseling of intercultural couples. The authors propose...
Jets and Quantum Chromodynamics

In these lectures I will attempt to provide a fairly complete overview of our understanding of the rather nebulous concept of hadronic jets. The first few lectures will constitute a review of the simple concepts which were in vogue in the “old days,” i.e., prior to the advent of quantum chromodynamics (QCD), and which are loosely referred to as the parton model.This procedure is relevant, even though I personally believe QCD is probably the correct theory, for several reasons. First and foremost, the naive, pre-QCD picture of jets still provides an adequate description of essentially all of the present data. Secondly, it will provide a simple framework within which to define the concepts which will be discussed later within the context of QCD. Thirdly, it is important to realize that at the current level of our (in) ability to actually calculate with QCD, the theory serves primarily to legitimatize the parton model and provide a well- defined procedure for calculating corrections (some of which are sizable) to the parton model. It is important to recall that in the late 1960’s and early 1970’s no field theory was understood which could lead both to the essentially free parton model and simultaneously to the confinement of quarks. It has only been with our increasing appreciation of non-Abelian gauge theories that this has become a distinct possibility. (Finally, I have a bias against rejecting old concepts simply because they seem somewhat dated as a student at Caltech I was encouraged to believe that quantum field theory was no longer a useful tool for studying weak and strong interactions.
Quantitative Information Flow in Boolean Programs

The quantitative information flow bounding problem asks, given a program P and threshold q, whether the information leaked by P is bounded by q. When the amount of information is measured using mutual information, the problem is known to be PSPACE-hard and decidable in EXPTIME. We show that the problem is in fact decidable in PSPACE, thus establishing the exact complexity of the quantitative information flow bounding problem. Thus, the complexity of bounding quantitative information flow in programs has the same complexity as safety verification of programs. We also show that the same bounds apply when comparing information leaked by two programs.
Avoidance and Treatment of Vasospasm

Cerebral vasospasm is caused by subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) most often secondary to aneurysm rupture. Other less common causes of SAH include hemorrhage from an arteriovenous malformation, vasculitis, reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome as well as cerebral trauma.
Neurobiology of D1 dopamine receptors after neonatal-6-OHDA treatment: relevance to Lesch-Nyhan disease.

Central administration of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) to adult or neonatal rats destroys dopamine-containing neurons, produces a variety of behavioral deficits (Breese et al., 1973; Smith et al., 1973) and enhances behavioral responses to dopamine agonists (Ungerstedt, 1971; Schoenfeld and Uretsky, 1972; Hollister et al., 1974; 1979; Setler et al. 1978; Kilts et al. 1979). In spite of the common biochemical deficiency observed in neonatally and adult-lesioned rats, Breese et al. (1984 a,b) reported that certain behavioral responses to L-DOPA or apomorphine in adult-6-OHDA-treated rats (Breese et al., 1970) differ from those observed in rats lesioned as neonates and tested with dopamine agonists as adults (Breese et al., 1972; Smith et al., 1973). For example, neonatally 6-OHDA-lesioned rats exhibit self-mutilation behavior (SMB) after treatment with dopamine agonists which do not elicit this response in adult-6-OHDA treated rats (Breese et al., 1984b).
Contemporary issues for spontaneous abortion. Does recurrent abortion exist

Most of the time, spontaneous abortion is a random event and represents the natural selection process. Although a recurrent factor may be present and may cause one or more abortions for a given couple, such instances are rare. Well-substantiated causes include parental chromosomal abnormalities (e.g., translocation), antiphospholipid syndrome, PCOD, and maternal age greater than 40 years. Mullerian duplication defects are most likely a cause of pregnancy loss for some women. A growing body of evidence refutes the role of corpus luteum defect as a common cause of recurrent abortion. Other causes are numerically infrequent in occurrence. It is likely that cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption contribute to pregnancy wastage. Although some therapies for the causes listed herein have been proven effective by randomized controlled trials, most have not. Given the excellent outcome demonstrated for most couples with unexplained recurrent abortion in the absence of treatment, it is difficult to recommend unproven therapies, especially if they are invasive and expensive. Instead of examining the environment in which pregnancy has occurred or been planned, clinicians have simply counted the number of spontaneous abortions among couples in an attempt to determine who should be evaluated. The former approach would seem most appropriate and proactive.
Formation of silicon-carbon bonds by photochemical irradiation of (η5-C5H5)Fe(CO)2SiR3 and (η5-C5H5)Fe(CO)2Me to obtain R3SiMe

Photochemical irradiation of an equimolar mixture of (η5-C5H5)Fe(CO)2SiR3, FpSiR3, and FpMe leads to the efficient formation of the silicon−carbon-coupled product R3SiMe, R3 = Me3, Me2Ph, MePh2, Ph3, ClMe2, Cl2Me, Cl3, Me2Ar (Ar = C6H4-p-X, X = F, OMe, CF3, NMe2). Similar chemistry occurs with related germyl and stannyl complexes at slower rates, Si > Ge ≫ Sn. Substitution of an aryl hydrogen to form FpSiMe2C6H4-p-X has little effect on the rate of the reaction, whereas progressive substitution of methyl groups on silicon by Cl slows the process. Also, changing FpMe to FpCH2SiMe3 dramatically slows the reaction as does the use of (η5-C5Me5)Fe(CO)2 derivatives. A mechanism involving the initial formation of the 16e− intermediate (η5-C5H5)Fe(CO)Me followed by oxidative addition of the Fe−Si bond accounts for the experimental results obtained.
Spatial Associations of Vines Infected With Grapevine Red Blotch Virus in Oregon Vineyards.

Spread and in-field spatial patterns of vines infected with grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV) were documented in Oregon vineyards using field sampling, molecular diagnostics, and spatial analysis. ...
Use of databases in thermal analysis. Part 3

Abstract Spreadsheet analysis (SHTS) of TG (and DTA) data has been employed by the present author to satisfactorily determine kinetic parameters such as activation energy (E) and reaction order (n), as well as mechanism. Many of the functions used in the macros for SHTS were found to have counterparts in relational database managers. Thus, the paradox 3 manager was utilized to determine a “most probable mechanism” (MPM) from among 10 possible decomposition mechanisms using TG data, as well as the corresponding value of E. Database analysis was carried out on theoretical and experimental data employing a previously described algorithm.