cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Algebraic connectivity analysis in molecular electronic structure theory I: coulomb potential, tensor connectivity, ε-approximation

In this (first) paper we attempt to generalize the notion of tensor connectivity, subsequently studying how this property is affected in different tensorial operations. We show that the often implied corollary of the linked diagram theorem, namely individual size-extensivity of arbitrary connected closed diagrams, can be violated in Coulomb systems. In particular, the assumption of the existence of localized Hartree–Fock orbitals is generally incompatible with the individual size-extensivity of connected closed diagrams when the interaction tensor is generated by the true two-body part of the electronic Hamiltonian. Thus, in general, size-extensivity of a many-body method may originate in specific cancellations of super-extensive quantities, breaking the convenient one-to-one correspondence between the connectivity of arbitrary many-body equations and the size-extensivity of the expectation values evaluated by those equations (for example, when certain diagrams are discarded from the method). Nevertheless...
Transfer Functions for Efficient Calculation of Multidimensional Transient Heat Transfer

Finite difference or finite element methods reduce transient multidimensional heat transfer problems into a set of first-order differential equations when thermal physical properties are time invariant and the heat transfer processes are linear. This paper presents a method for determining the exact solution to a set of first-order differential equations when the inputs are modeled by a continuous, piecewise linear curve. For long-time solutions, the method presented is more efficient than Euler, Crank-Nicolson, or other classical techniques.
Migratory Dendritic Cells: Sometimes Simply Ferries?

In this issue, Allan et al. (2006) conclude that transport of herpes-virus antigens to lymph nodes by dendritic cells is crucial for antiviral immunity, but migrating DCs do not present herpes antigens to CD8 + lymphocytes.
A Probabilistic Framework for Bayesian Adaptive Forecasting of Project Progress

: A methodology to forecast project progress and final time-to-completion is developed. An adaptive Bayesian updating method is used to assess the unknown model parameters based on recorded data and pertinent prior information. Recorded data can include equality, upper bound, and lower bound data. The proposed approach properly accounts for all the prevailing uncertainties, including model errors arising from an inaccurate model form or missing variables, measurement errors, statistical uncertainty, and volitional uncertainty. As an illustration of the proposed approach, the project progress and final time-to-completion of an example project are forecasted. For this illustration construction of civilian nuclear power plants in the United States is considered. This application considers two cases (1) no information is available prior to observing the actual progress data of a specified plant and (2) the construction progress of eight other nuclear power plants is available. The example shows that an informative prior is important to make accurate predictions when only a few records are available. This is also the time when forecasts are most valuable to the project manager. Having or not having prior information does not have any practical effect on the forecast when progress on a significant portion of the project has been recorded.
The c-rel protooncogene product represses NF-kappa B p65-mediated transcriptional activation of the long terminal repeat of type 1 human immunodeficiency virus.

Abstract The long terminal repeat (LTR) of the type 1 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) and the 5' regulatory region of the gene encoding the interleukin 2 receptor alpha subunit (IL-2R alpha) share functional kappa B enhancer elements involved in the regulation of these inducible transcription units during T-cell activation. These kappa B enhancer elements are recognized by a structurally related family of interactive proteins that includes p50, p65, and the product of the c-rel protooncogene (c-Rel). Recent biochemical studies have shown that p65 and p50 form the prototypical NF-kappa B complex, which is rapidly translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus during T-cell activation. This intracellular signaling complex potently stimulates kappa B-directed transcription from either the HIV-1 LTR or the IL-2R alpha promoter via the strong transactivation domain present in p65. We now demonstrate that nuclear expression of human c-Rel, which is induced by either phorbol ester or tumor necrosis factor alpha with delayed kinetics relative to p65, markedly represses p65-mediated activation of these transcription units. These inhibitory effects of c-Rel correlate with its DNA-binding activity but not with its ability to heterodimerize with p50, suggesting that c-Rel inhibition involves competition with p50/p65 for occupancy of the kappa B enhancer element. Together, these findings suggest that one function of c-Rel is as a physiologic repressor of the HIV-1 LTR and IL-2R alpha promoters, serving to efficiently counter the strong transcriptional activating effects of p65.
Short-term consumption of a diet rich in fat decreases anxiety response in adult male rats

Short- and long-term changes in the composition of dietary macronutrients [protein (P), carbohydrate (C), and fat (F)] alter neurochemistry and behavior in animals. We examined whether short-term intake of a diet rich in P, C, or F affected their anxiety response (AR). AR of Sprague-Dawley rats was measured in an elevated plus maze. Rats were placed in the black compartment facing the wall opposite the aperture, and the time (max. 360 s) it took to enter the white compartment with all four paws was noted. Rats were fed Purina chow and tap water unless otherwise indicated. On repeated testing (three times on the same day) AR increased and, consequently, most rats spent the entire 360 s in the dark. Whereas most rats exhibited low anxiety response in trial 1, which increased during successive trials (low-high group), some exhibited high initial anxiety that remained unchanged (high-high group). To determine whether macronutrients may alter AR, groups of low-high and high-high rats were tested three times on the same day and then put on a P, C, or F diet for 7 days. On day 8, they were again tested for AR in a single trial and the results compared with those of the third trial of the previous test (preC: 302 +/- 39, post-C: 294 +/- 42, p > 0.05; pre-P: 305 +/- 35, post-P: 297 +/- 43, p > 0.05; pre-F: 321 +/- 17, post-F: 241 +/- 24sec, p = 0.009; n = 30; mean +/- SEM). The results show that a diet rich in F, but not P or C, decreases AR in rats.
Band gap of Hg chalcogenides: Symmetry-reduction-induced band-gap opening of materials with inverted band structures

We have investigated the band structure of zinc-blende (ZB) Hg chalcogenides using a corrected local density approximation method. We find that the band gaps of HgS, HgSe, and HgTe are 0.30, $\ensuremath{-}0.24$, and $\ensuremath{-}0.31\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$, respectively. That is, HgS has a positive band gap, whereas HgSe and HgTe have inverted band structures. The chemical trend of the band gaps is explained by the atomic energy levels and sizes, as well as by the related deformation potentials for these compounds. We also show systematically how the band gap of the inverted band structure can open up when the ${T}_{d}$ symmetry of the ZB structure is reduced under strain or in the presence of a surface or interface.
Spin density of states of proximity effect superconducting sandwiches in high fields

Abstract We use a tunneling Hamiltonian model to study the behavior of a thin film superconducting-normal metal sandwich in a parallel magnetic field including the effects of Pauli spin paramagnetism. The field acts to spin-split the density of states of the superconductor and the normal metal. With increasing magnetic field the sandwich displays zero temperature electron spin paramagnetism and a first-order transition to the normal state. We present a calculation of the field dependence of the density of states and order parameter.
SCRATCH: a protein structure and structural feature prediction server

SCRATCH is a server for predicting protein tertiary structure and structural features. The SCRATCH software suite includes predictors for secondary structure, relative solvent accessibility, disordered regions, domains, disulfide bridges, single mutation stability, residue contacts versus average, individual residue contacts and tertiary structure. The user simply provides an amino acid sequence and selects the desired predictions, then submits to the server. Results are emailed to the user. The server is available at http://www.igb.uci.edu/servers/psss.html.
Positivism and ‘Hocus-pocus’ in Germanic and English Linguistics

The modern history of Germanic and English (synchronic and diachronic) linguistics reveals two main types of scholarly approach to language data: positivism (labelled ‘God's truth’) and theoreticism (labelled ‘hocus-pocus’ by American structuralists). The latter seems to have been dominant in the last decade.
Baby or Bathwater? Early Follow-up After Hospital Discharge

Since 2008, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) have publicly reported risk standardized 30-day readmission rates for patients hospitalized with heart failure, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and pneumonia. Over the next few years, the portfolio of readmission measures will expand to include patients with a broad range of medical and surgical conditions.1 Furthermore, under the Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program of the Affordable Care Act, hospitals with higher than average readmission rates will be subject to a payment penalty.2 The stakes are high for hospitals, with millions of dollars of CMS payments at risk, and hospitals are trying to identify and implement effective strategies for reducing readmissions.
A THEORY TO ACCOUNT FOR PHASE VARIATION AND DIFFRACTION IN ULTRASOUND IMAGE FORMATION

Traditional ultrasonic imaging utilizes the assumption that the image is formed by distributions of point reflectors in an otherwise homogeneous background. We derive relations between the backscattered signal and the medium acoustic properties that are extensions of the traditional assumptions. Our theory is valid for short wavelength fields generated by suit ably apodized transducers in weakly inhomogeneous media. In this parameter regime, Born expansion is not valid. We find, however, that both the forward propagating and backscattered fields are well modeled to leading order by one-way wave equations. The one-way equations depend on the sound speed variations along the direction of beam propagation. By back-propagating the scattered field, it is possible to reconstruct the sound speed variation within the medium. The reconstruction relies on an assumed correlation between density and sound speed fluctuations.
Evaluation of the immunogenicity of aldhhigh human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cancer stem cells in vitro.

Meeting abstracts Using mouse models we reported that dendritic cells (DC) pulsed with cancer stem cells (CSC) enriched by virtue of their expression of the CSC marker aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) significantly reduced development of pulmonary metastases and prolonged survival. In this recent
Nonlinear Resonant Vibrations of Infinitely Long Cylindrical Shells

To obtain a consistent first approximation to the effects of nonlinearity, all terms in the energy expressions are retained if they are of order (A*) or larger. An examination of the spatial integrals occurring in these expressions reveals that secondary coordinates q(f) couple with the principal coordinates only if i and j = 0 or 2n; all other secondary coordinates are smaller than order (A2) and are dropped from the expressions for the displacements. Substitution of these truncated expressions yields equations for the strain and kinetic energies as polynomial functions of the remaining generalized coordinates. The equations of motion are then obtained from Lagrange's equations. The frequency is shown to satisfy
CMOS current mirrors with reduced input and output voltage requirements

A CMOS current mirror with lower than V/sub DS(sat/) input voltage requirement is presented. It is shown that the structure can be modified to provide cascode-type output resistance for output voltages even lower than 2V/sub DS(sat/). The topology of the proposed current mirror allows low distortion operation from a single 1.5 V supply, which makes it attractive for low-voltage applications.
Investor Valuations and Measuring Bank Intangible Assets

This paper examines the value-relevance and reliability of bank intangible asset measures. The majority of bank intangible assets are not recognized and few banks voluntarily disclose estimates or ...
Oral History in the Classroom: A Comparison of Traditional and On-line Gerontology Classes

In this study, the effectiveness of an oral history assignment was assessed in a traditional gerontology class versus a distance education (DE) gerontology class. Attitudes toward older adults and the aging process were measured before and after students in the traditional (n = 29) and DE (n = 16) setting completed an oral history assignment. Scores were evaluated at posttest for differences between groups. The assignment positively influenced students' attitude toward older adults in both classes. Results indicate that this assignment was as effective in the DE setting as in the traditional setting. Findings suggest that oral history is an effective teaching assignment in a DE gerontology class.
Performance of a decision rule for radiographs of pediatric knee injuries

Although decision rules for radiographs of pediatric knee injuries have been suggested from retrospective studies, prospective evaluations of such rules have been limited. We sought to prospectively assess the performance of a rule in children presenting with acute knee injuries. Eligible participants were children aged 3-18 years with an acute knee injury. The settings for the study were a tertiary pediatric emergency department (ED), a community hospital ED, and a pediatric urgent care center. All of the participants received standard knee radiographs. Before radiography, each patient was assessed by a pediatrician or pediatric emergency physician for presence of the following: 1) inability to bear weight, 2) inability to flex the knee to 90( degrees ), 3) presence of bony tenderness. The radiographs were interpreted by a radiologist blinded to the study; those with findings reported as consistent with acute fracture were considered positive. A total of 146 patients were enrolled (65% male, mean age 11.6 years). Of these, 15 (10.3%) had a fracture on their radiograph, 6 of which were related to trampoline use. Seventy-seven (53%) were negative for criterion 1 (i.e., able to bear weight immediately after the accident and in the ED), none (0%) of whom had fractures. The negative predictive value of this criterion was 1.0 (95% CI 0.94-1.0). The positive predictive value was 0.22 (95% CI 0.13-0.34). The sensitivity was 1.0 (95% CI 0.82-1.0). The specificity was 0.59 (95% CI 0.50-0.67). Three patients negative for criterion 3 were found to have fractures. The proximal tibia was the most common fracture site (47%). In conclusion, assessment of the ability to bear weight would have decreased the use of radiography by 53% without missing any fractures in our study population. No additional value to the rule was found by adding assessment of the ability to flex the knee or bony tenderness.
An explicit and unconditionally stable FDTD method for 3-D electromagnetic analysis

In this paper, an explicit and unconditionally stable finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is developed for electromagnetic analysis. It is stable for an arbitrarily large time step irrespective of space step, and accurate for a time step solely determined by accuracy. The method retains the strength of the conventional explicit FDTD in avoiding a matrix solution while eliminating the conventional FDTD's shortcoming in time step. Numerical experiments in both 2-D and 3-D simulations have demonstrated its superior performance in stability and efficiency without losing accuracy. The proposed method successfully generates stable and accurate results with a time step 1013 times larger than that allowed by the conventional FDTD in an example where the time step required by accuracy is 1013 times larger than that permitted by stability.
Nursing home-acquired pneumonia: a review of risk factors and therapeutic approaches

Objective: To review the risk factors, etiologic profile, treatment approaches, and guidelines for the management of nursing home-acquired pneumonia (NHAP). Research design and methods: A search of the current literature was conducted using the MEDLINE and Embase databases. This search, limited to studies performed in humans and published in English between January 1, 1990 and October 31, 2009, included the terms ‘acquired pneumonia’, ‘associated pneumonia’, ‘nursing home’, ‘long-term care’, ‘institution’, and ‘healthcare’. Results: Older age, male gender, swallowing difficulty, and inability to take oral medications are all significant risk factors for pneumonia. Medications such as antipsychotics and anticholinergics, histamine receptor blockers and proton pump inhibitors have also been linked to higher risk of pneumonia. The etiology of NHAP overlaps with that of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), with Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae as predominant pathogens in long-term care facilities. In patients who require hospitalization, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and influenza virus have also been identified. In contrast, the etiology of severe NHAP overlaps with that of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), with S. aureus, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and enteric Gram-negative bacilli as important causative pathogens. Therapy is dependent on disease severity and, on the treatment setting. Respiratory fluoroquinolones or -lactams plus a macrolide are recommended in patients with NHAP. Patients hospitalized with severe NHAP may require triple combination therapy that covers both MRSA and P. aeruginosa. However, there is little evidence of the clinical superiority of one regimen over another, making it challenging to establish guidelines for the treatment of NHAP in the nursing home setting. Conclusion: There is a pressing need for clinical trials of antibiotic therapy in nursing home patients that would help establish uniform guidelines to standardize therapy in the nursing home setting.
Quantitative lithostratigraphic correlation of subsurface sequences

Abstract A quantitative method for geologic correlation of two electric-log sequences of unequal length is proposed which calculates scaling factors that are applied to Fourier transformations of each time series. Correlations thus are made in the frequency domain and are based on an assumed recognizable, unique periodicity in correlative geologic units. A FORTRAN IV program is presented and application is demonstrated for two wells in Texas. The method is useful for stratigraphic correlations that are to be performed by automated procedures and which may not be visually obvious.
Enhanced-discretization successive update method (EDSUM)

The enhanced-discretization successive update method (EDSUM) is a multi-level iteration method designed for computation of the flow behaviour at small scales. As an enhancement in iterative solution of non-linear and linear equation systems, the EDSUM is one of the enhanced discretization and solution techniques developed for more effective computation of complex flow problems. It complements techniques based on enhancement in spatial discretization and based on enhancement in time discretization in the context of a space-time formulation. It is closely related to the enhanced-discretization interface-capturing technique (EDICT), as the function spaces used in the EDSUM are very similar to those used in the EDICT. The EDSUM also has a built-in mechanism for transferring flow information between the large and small scales in a fashion consistent with the discretizations resulting from the underlying stabilized formulations. With a number of test computations for steady-state problems governed by the advection-diffusion equation, we demonstrate that the EDSUM has the potential to become a competitive technique for computation of flow behaviour at small scales
A global invariant for three dimensional CR-manifolds

In this note we define a global, R-valued invariant of a compact, strictly pseudoconvex 3-dimensional CR-manifold M whose holomorphic tangent bundle is trivial. The invariant arises as the evaluation of a deRham cohomology class on the fundamental class of the manifold. To construct the relevant form, we start with the CR structure bundle Y over M (see [Ch-Mo], whose notation we follow). The form is a secondary characteristic form of this structure. By fixing a contact form and coframe, i.e., a section of Y, we obtain a form on M. Surprisingly, this form is well-defined up to an exact term, and thus its cohomology class is well-defined in H 3 (M, R). Our motivation for studying this invariant was its analogy with the R/Z secondary characteristic number associated by Chern and Simons to the conforreal class of a Riemannian 3-manifold N, which provides an obstruction to the conformal immersion of N in R 4. Though several formal analogies to the conformal case are valid for our invariant, this one does not hold up: specifically, in w below, we calculate examples which show that the CR invariant can take on any positive real value for hypersurfaces embedded in C 2. It is also clear that the invariant is neither a homotopy nor concordance invariant, but depends in an elusive way on the CR structure. Our inspiration came from the seminal papers of Chern and Moser and Chern and Simons. The idea of looking at secondary characteristic forms of higher order geometric structures in general appears in [Ko-Oc], though with a different intention. In w 2 we will quickly review the definition of a CR structure, the construction of y and its reduction to a pseudo-hermitian structure ~ ld Webster [-We]. In w 3 we define the invariant and prove that it is, in fact, R-valued, and not R/Z-valued as in the Riemannian case. We also prove that if the invariant is stationary as a function of the CR structure, then M is locally CR equivalent to the standard three sphere in C 2, paralleling a result of Chern and Simons. As noted already, w 4 is devoted to the calculation of several examples.
Dynamic responses of endothelial cells to changes in blood flow during vascular remodeling of the mouse yolk sac

Despite extensive work showing the importance of blood flow in angiogenesis and vessel remodeling, very little is known about how changes in vessel diameter are orchestrated at the cellular level in response to mechanical forces. To define the cellular changes necessary for remodeling, we performed live confocal imaging of cultured mouse embryos during vessel remodeling. Our data revealed that vessel diameter increase occurs via two distinct processes that are dependent on normal blood flow: vessel fusions and directed endothelial cell migrations. Vessel fusions resulted in a rapid change in vessel diameter and were restricted to regions that experience the highest flow near the vitelline artery and vein. Directed cell migrations induced by blood flow resulted in the recruitment of endothelial cells to larger vessels from smaller capillaries and were observed in larger artery segments as they expanded. The dynamic and specific endothelial cell behaviors captured in this study reveal how sensitive endothelial cells are to changes in blood flow and how such responses drive vascular remodeling.
Supervised Semantic Indexing

We present a class of models that are discriminatively trained to directly map from the word content in a query-document or document- document pair to a ranking score. Like Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI), our models take account of correlations between words (synonymy, pol- ysemy). However, unlike LSI our models are trained with a supervised signal directly on the task of interest, which we argue is the reason for our superior results. We provide an empirical study on Wikipedia documents, using the links to define document-document or query-document pairs, where we obtain state-of-the-art performance using our method.
Generating test cases from an OO model with an AI planning system

Black box test generation needs a model of the system under test to describe what is to be tested. Testing criteria and test objectives define how it is to be tested. We explain how to represent a system under test via UML models. We derive test objectives from the UML models and use the objectives and the models to generate test cases by mapping them into a problem description for an AI planner. The planner uses the problem description to generate a test suite that satisfies the UML-derived test objectives.
A note on the band structure of the TCNQ‐TTF system

On the basis of already performed SCF all-valence electron crystal orbital calculations one can conclude that the conduction band of poly(TCNQ-) and the valence band of poly(TTF+) will cross only when the interactions between the charged polyradical chains are taken into account in a proper way. The different main steps to obtain a realistic band structure of the rather complex TCNQ-TTF system (which could serve as a starting point for the interpretation of its unusual conduction properties) are briefly outlined.
The Application of Quantitative Risk Assessment to Microbial Food Safety Risks

Regulatory programs and guidelines for the control of foodborne microbial agents have existed in the U.S. for nearly 100 years. However, increased awareness of the scope and magnitude of foodborne disease, as well as the emergence of previously unrecognized human pathogens transmitted via the foodborne route, have prompted regulatory officials to consider new and improved strategies to reduce the health risks associated with pathogenic microorganisms in foods. Implementation of these proposed strategies will involve definitive costs for a finite level of risk reduction. While regulatory decisions regarding the management of foodborne disease risk have traditionally been done with the aid of the scientific community, a formal conceptual framework for the evaluation of health risks from pathogenic microorganisms in foods is warranted. Quantitative risk assessment (QRA), which is formally defined as the technical assessment of the nature and magnitude of a risk caused by a hazard, provides such a framework. Reproducing microorganisms in foods present a particular challenge to QRA because both their introduction and numbers may be affected by numerous factors within the food chain, with all of these factors representing significant stages in food production, handling, and consumption, in a farm-to-table type of approach. The process of QRA entails four designated phases: (1) hazard identification, (2) exposure assessment, (3) dose-response assessment, and (4) risk characterization. Specific analytical tools are available to accomplish the analyses required for each phase of the QRA. The purpose of this paper is to provide a description of the conceptual framework for quantitative microbial risk assessment within the standard description provided by the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) paradigm. Each of the sequential steps in QRA are discussed in detail, providing information on current applications, tools for conducting the analyses, and methodological and/or data limitations to date. Conclusions include a brief discussion of subsequent uncertainty and risk analysis methodologies, and a commentary on present and future applications of QRA in the management of the public health risks associated with the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in the food supply.
Establishing a pre-mining geochemical baseline at a uranium mine near Grand Canyon National Park, USA

Abstract During 2012, approximately 404,000 ha of Federal Land in northern Arizona was withdrawn from consideration of mineral extraction for a 20-year period to protect the Grand Canyon watershed from potentially adverse effects of U mineral exploration and development. The development, operation, and reclamation of the Canyon Mine during the withdrawal period provide an excellent field site to understand and document off-site migration of radionuclides within the withdrawal area. As part of the Department of Interior's (DOI's) study plan for the exclusion area, the objective of our study is to utilize pre-defined decision units (DUs) in areas within and surrounding the Canyon Mine to demonstrate how newly established incremental sampling methodologies (ISM) combined with multivariate statistical methods can be used to document a repeatable and statistically defensible measure of pre-mining baseline conditions in surface soils and stream sediment samples prior to ore extraction. During the survey in June 2013, the highest pre-mining 95% upper confidence level (UCL) concentrations with respect to As, Mo, U, and V were found in the triplicate samples collected from surface soils in the mine site DU designated as M1. Gamma activities were slightly elevated in soils within the M1 DU (up to 28 μR/h); however, off-site gamma activities in soil and stream-sediment samples were lower (
Sensory ‘Cross-Terminals’ Between Dymamic and Static Intrafusal Fibers in Rat Muscle Spindles

Separate motor pathways for controlling dynamic (velocity of muscle stretch) and static (length of muscle) sensitivity are present in muscle spindles of the cat (Boyd et al., 1977). The pattern of afferent innervation parallels this separation of motor pathways in cat spindles. Each muscle spindle in the cat receives only one primary afferent which terminates on all three major types of intrafusal fiber (Banks et al., 1982). However, the input of the dynamic bag fiber is separated from that of the static bag and chain fibers by pacemakers located at terminal heminodes of branches of the primary afferent which terminate on the bag1 fiber and at corresponding sites of branches which terminate on the bag2 and chain fibers (Quick et al., 1980; Banks et al., 1982). Presumably the two different responses observed from primary spindle afferents result from differential excitation of pacemakers related to differences in the viscoelastic properties of intrafusal fibers.
Delayed Intracerebral Hemorrhage from a Pseudoaneurysm Following a Depressed Skull Fracture

A 26-year-old male presented with delayed intracerebral hemorrhage from a ruptured distal middle cerebral artery pseudoaneurysm that followed a compound depressed skull fracture from years ago. The brain protrusion through the skull defect likely resulted in stretching and subsequent tearing of the arterial wall resulting in the pseudoaneurysm formation. No prior report of such a clinical occurrence exists in the literature. We highlight an unusual but treatable cause for intracerebral hemorrhage following surgery for traumatic brain injury.
Splenic hemopoiesis in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.

Splenic hemopoiesis was observed in 48 of 50 spleens from patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura who underwent splenectomy. For comparison, spleens from normal subjects (incidental spelenectomy) and patients with a variety of hematologic disorders were also studied. In nine patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, hemopoietic tissue in the spleen was quantitatively comparable to that of patients with myeloid metaplasia with myelofibrosis. However, in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, the hemopoietic tissue was limited to the extravascular space of the splenic cords, whereas in myeloid metaplasia with myelofibrosis, hemopoiesis was equally distributed between cords and sinuses of the red pulp. Awareness of this picture is essential in the evaluation of the spleen in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura to prevent misdiagnosis of myeloproliferative disorders.
Preclinical studies on the reinforcing effects of cannabinoids. A tribute to the scientific research of Dr. Steve Goldberg.

The reinforcing effects of most abused drugs have been consistently demonstrated and studied in animal models, although those of marijuana were not, until the demonstration 15 years ago that delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) could serve as a reinforcer in self-administration (SA) procedures in squirrel monkeys. Until then, those effects were inferred using indirect assessments. The aim of this manuscript is to review the primary preclinical procedures used to indirectly and directly infer reinforcing effects of cannabinoid drugs. Results will be reviewed from studies of cannabinoid discrimination, intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS), conditioned place preference (CPP), as well as change in levels of dopamine assessed in brain areas related to reinforcement, and finally from self-administration procedures. For each procedure, an evaluation will be made of the predictive validity in detecting the potential abuse liability of cannabinoids based on seminal papers, with the addition of selected reports from more recent years especially those from Dr. Goldberg’s research group. ICSS and CPP do not provide consistent results for the assessment of potential for abuse of cannabinoids. However, drug discrimination and neurochemistry procedures appear to detect potential for abuse of cannabinoids, as well as several novel “designer cannabinoid drugs.” Though after 15 years transfer of the self-administration model of marijuana abuse from squirrel monkeys to other species remains somewhat problematic, studies with the former species have substantially advanced the field, and several reports have been published with consistent self-administration of cannabinoid agonists in rodents.
On the Practical Path of Marxist Philosophy Modernization

Marxist philosophy should pay more attention to focus on the reality,Chinese issues,and the modern world,to push forward the modernization of Marxist philosophy.Marxist philosophy should play a leading role in the modern era to provide acceptable world view and methodology that comply with the theme of the times and follow the pulse of history,which requires constant theoretical innovation to connect with the reality.We should face up to the social ecology and the people's living conditions,strengthen the academic team construction,identify the main line of social development and improve problem-solving ability.
Dynamic time performance measure for distributed measurement system

Dynamic time performance was one of the key factors for Distributed Measurement System(DMS) in networked manufacturing environments.Based on no-preemptive priority queuing network model,new infinitesimal perturbation analysis schemes were presented to estimate the dynamic time performance of DMS based on Common Ojbect Request Broker Architecture(CORBA) and Dimensional Measurement Interface Standard(DMIS).By inputting on-line changes of DMS time performance parameters, the schemes adjusted the number of service windows in queuing network system to regulate dynamic time performance.Application experiments in a factory demonstrated the effectiveness of the new schemes.
Application of Dendrimer in Dyestuff Industry

The special structure and nature ofdendrimer was reviewed, the dendrimer's encapsulation, extraction, flocculation and its influence on fiber dyeing were emphatically commented, and the prospective applications ofdendrimer in dyestuffs industry were given.
Effect of Hydraulic Conductivity Contrast on Non-Pumped Wells in Backfilled Trenches for Aquifer Remediation

A groundwater flow and mass transport model simulated the remediation capability of non-pumped wells with filter media placed in backfilled trenches in homogeneous and heterogeneous aquifers. For each of five homogeneous and heterogeneous aquifer settings, the model identified a base configuration of wells for a backfill hydraulic conductivity equal to the mean of the aquifer (1.5 m/d). Base configurations comprised the least number of wells necessary to contain and remove a contaminant plume. For each setting, the model also simulated base configurations with backfill hydraulic conductivity one and two orders of magnitude lower and one and two orders of magnitude higher than the mean of the aquifer. In general, backfill with a hydraulic conductivity equal to the mean of the aquifer, or slightly higher, outperformed other scenarios.
THE STRATEGIC NETWORKS AND PERFORMANCE OF ENTREPRENEURIAL FIRMS: IMPACT OF PRE-FOUNDING TIES.

This dissertation (abstract and executive summary) studies the impact of founders’ background on alliances and firm performance. First essay examines the role of founders’ prior employer (parent) in shaping the alliance network of firms founded by employees (spinouts). I find that the spinouts that differ from their parent, partner with firms that have direct/indirect parent ties. While spinouts that are similar find partners with no parent ties. Second essay examines the effect of heterogeneity in the founders’ backgrounds on the start-up’s alliance, innovation, and performance. I find that founders’ background has no impact on start-up’s performance; instead, it shapes the resources within the firm.
Review: The View from Above: The Science of Social Space by Jeanne Haffner; Close Up at a Distance: Mapping, Technology, and Politics by Laura Kurgan

Jeanne Haffner The View from Above: The Science of Social Space Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2013, 224 pp., 26 b/w illus. $32 (cloth), ISBN 9780262018791 Laura Kurgan Close Up at a Distance: Mapping, Technology, and Politics New York: Zone Books, 2013, 232 pp., 175 color and 50 b/w illus. $36.95 (cloth), ISBN 9781935408284 In February 2003, then US secretary of state Colin Powell presented to the United Nations Security Council satellite images that allegedly verified Iraq’s possession of weapons of mass destruction. The war that resulted seemed to have been based on a claim of the images’ legibility. In 1990, the US military went to war in Kuwait, and American audiences turned on their televisions to watch the action live. Just a year earlier, the first satellite in the Global Positioning System (GPS) had been launched, and the entire network was completed by 1993. Well before the production of digital and satellite imagery, photography had played an essential role in military activities. During World War I, pilots took to the skies with side-mounted cameras for reconnaissance purposes, and in the following decades, planes documented the destructive consequences of aerial vision in Guernica, Hiroshima, and Nagasaki. As Paul Virilio has posited, “There is no war, then, without representation.”1 These military techniques and methods of making maps, representing space, and observing people were always integral to knowing a terrain and designing built environments, informing surveying, planning, and building practices. Two recent publications—one historical, the other cartographic—consider the architectural and historical contexts from the early twentieth century to the present. Both pose basic questions to architects, urban planners, and historians: How do aerial and satellite images mediate the places we build and inhabit? How do the scopic regimes of these technologies, which are complicit with militarism, surveillance, and geopolitics, condition the production, use, and narratives of our built environments and social spaces? In The View from Above: The Science of Social Space , Jeanne Haffner traces the emergence of the concept “social space” to aerial photography during World War I, linking its development and use to planning and building the grands ensembles of French housing …
Photonic and electronic cooling

Thermal management, which is usually regarded as the domain of mechanical engineering, actually offers exciting opportunities for photonics and electronics. This talk will describe research at Los Alamos National Laboratory and at the University of New Mexico on optical refrigeration and on thin-film electrocaloric heat engines. In optical refrigeration, the goal is to cool solids, typically rare-earth doped glasses and crystals or direct-band-gap semiconductors, to cryogenic temperatures by anti-Stokes luminescence. The best result so far is the cooling of a Yb:YLF crystal to 155 K from room temperature. Thin-film heat engines use a layer of electrocaloric material sandwiched between two thin-film heat switches to provide near-room-temperature cooling or to extract electrical power from heat flows. With heat switches based on liquid crystals, thin-film heat engines should be competitive with thermoelectric devices. With more effective heat switches, thin-film heat engines may rival vapor compression devices.
Computational Study of Ways by Which exo-Silatranes Might Be Prepared.

exo-Silatranes involve cage structures where the nitrogen lone pair points away from the cage rather than into it. This distinguishes them from the well-established endo-silatranes. exo-Silatranes have not been observed experimentally, consistent with a significant benefit to silicon–nitrogen interactions inside the cages as suggested for endo-silatranes. Identifying examples of exo-silatranes would prove useful in understanding Si–N interactions, as they would represent the “no interaction” extreme of the spectrum. We have found four means by which exo-silatranes might be synthesized: (1) employing smaller cages; (2) employing constrained rings to stiffen the cage backbones; (3) employing steric interactions to enhance preference for the less crowded exo-geometry around nitrogen; (4) modifying the Lewis acidity and basicity of the silicon and nitrogen so significantly as to remove their desire to interact. The preference for exo geometries is established using the parameter Δ, representing the distance b...
Partnership for Persistence: Influence of Undergraduate Teaching Assistants in a Gateway Course for STEM Majors

Nine science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) departments across our university developed a program to increase persistence of undergraduate STEM majors. Trained and supported undergraduate teaching assistants (UTAs) led sessions featuring active learning and informal discussion with students in a two-semester general chemistry course sequence for STEM majors. UTA-led students were three times more likely to persist into the second semester of chemistry. Students in UTA sections rated their TAs as better at impacting academic success and building rapport than did students in traditional GTA-led recitations. Mutually reinforcing elements of the program supporting student persistence in STEM will be discussed.
Evaluation of the bioequivalence and biological availability of a new recombinant insulin (Gensulin-BIOTON) in comparison with a reference recombinant insulin (Human Actrapid-NND) using the euglycaemic clamp

WSTĘP. Na calym świecie zwieksza sie liczba chorych na cukrzyce. Wszystkie postacie tej choroby powodują wzgledny lub bezwzgledny brak insuliny i zmniejszenie jej obwodowej skuteczności oraz prowadzą do rozwoju powiklan o charakterze mikro- i makroangiopatii. Znaczna cześc chorych wymaga stalego lub okresowego leczenia insuliną. Obecnie stosuje sie prawie wylącznie insuline ludzką, ktora jest wytwarzana na skale przemyslową metodą inzynierii genetycznej. Celem badania bylo porownanie dostepności biologicznej nowej rekombinowanej insuliny firmy BIOTON Sp. z o.o. (preparatu Gensulin) z referencyjną rekombinowaną insuliną firmy NovoNordisk ( Human Actrapid ) przy zastosowaniu dozylnej drogi podawania. MATERIAŁ I METODY. W otwartym, randomizowanym badaniu z zastosowaniem metody krzyzowego podania leku wzielo udzial 18 zdrowych ochotnikow plci meskiej (średnia wieku 32,94 ± 5,21 roku, wzrost 182,5 ± 4,81 cm, masa ciala 80,94 ± 7,93 kg). Badanie skladalo sie z 2 serii z 1-tygodniową przerwą ( washout period ). Wszyscy uczestnicy w kazdej serii otrzymywali losowo dozylny wlew nowej rekombinowanej insuliny (Gensulin) lub insuliny referencyjnej. W celu unikniecia hipoglikemii podczas trwającego 100 minut wlewu stosowano metode klamry euglikemicznej ( euglycaemic clamp ), czyli jednoczesnego wlewu insuliny i 20% glukozy. Efektywnośc dzialania preparatu określano na podstawie stosunku ilości glukozy, ktorą nalezalo podac na jednostke insuliny w ciągu ostatnich 20 minut procedury. Dodatkowo oceniano stezenia insuliny, peptydu C oraz jonow potasu w surowicy w danych przedzialach czasowych. WYNIKI 1. Analiza porownywanych wynikow wykazala ogolne podobienstwo miedzy testowaną nową rekombinowaną insuliną Gensulin a insuliną referencyjną (Actrapid). 2. W przedziale czasowym 0–100 minut u wiekszości ochotnikow stezenie insuliny Gensulin w surowicy krwi (pmol/l) bylo nieznacznie wyzsze niz stezenie insuliny Actrapid. 3. Stezenia glukozy (mmol/l) w obu testowanych grupach byly podobne i utrzymywaly stalą wartośc od początku do konca infuzji insuliny. 4. Nie wykazano statystycznie znamiennych roznic miedzy grupami w zakresie średniej szybkości wlewu glukozy (mg/kg/min) w ciągu koncowych 20 minut wlewu utrzymującego stezenie glukozy w zalozonym przedziale. 5. Średnie stezenia insuliny (j.m./l) z 2 ostatnich oznaczen testu nie roznily sie znamiennie. 6. Nie wykazano statystycznie znamiennych roznic w stezeniach peptydu C (pmol/l) w czasie trwania testu. 7. Nie wystepowaly statystycznie znamienne roznice miedzy parametrami farmakokinetycznymi porownywanych insulin (okres polowicznej eliminacji oraz AUC 100–140 ). WNIOSKI. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują na rownowaznośc biologiczną nowej rekombinowanej insuliny firmy BIOTON Sp. z o.o. (Gensulin) i referencyjnej rekombinowanej insuliny firmy NovoNordisk (Human Actrapid).
Public parks usage near hydraulic fracturing operations

Abstract Following the advent of hydraulic fracturing to effectively collect natural gas and oil, there has been growing interest in placing exploration and extraction wells in or adjacent to public park and forest systems across North America and Europe. At the heart of the debate about leasing public parkland is the concern that park acreage and accessibility will be lost to fracking operations, thereby decreasing park attendance. In this study, we apply value-belief-norm theory to evaluate park users’ general attitudes toward fracking and public policy and their perceptions of fracking's impact on their recreational activity. A survey of 255 park users in the Appalachian Basin of the United States indicated that individuals holding strong pro-environmental attitudes in general would likely avoid parklands that are affected by fracking operations. Additionally, a majority of respondents reported concern that fracking would disrupt park access and thusly supported legislative bans of fracking in public parklands. Management implications This study provides initial insight into park users’ attitudes toward hydraulic fracturing, especially how it relates to their recreational usage. Specially, the results indicate: • Park users are concerned that fracking operations near local, state, or national parks would disrupt the accessibility and usage of those parks. • Knowledge of fracking and the technological processes behind it is mixed among park users, suggesting that educational outreach efforts may contribute to greater support of or opposition to fracking projects. • Local, state, or federal land managers considering leasing public land for oil or gas exploration must work with policymakers and energy operators to mitigate both the actual and perceived impacts on park usage and recreational pursuits. • Additional research is necessary to evaluate the degree to which park usage has been impacted by park-proximate fracking operations.