cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Los criterios ADA-97, la prevalencia de diabetes mellitus y las comarcas más meridionales de Cataluña

Objetivo Conocer la prevalencia de diabetes mellitus (DM) y glucemia basal alterada (GBA) en la poblacion mayor de 24 anos y su relacion con los factores de riesgo de convertirse en diabetico. Diseno Estudio poblacional, descriptivo y transversal. Emplazamiento Marco comunitario, comarcal (Baix Ebre-Montsia-Terra Alta), atencion primaria (9 areas basicas de salud). Pacientes Habitantes (132.938) de las 3 comarcas mas meridionales de Cataluna, mayores de 24 anos (106.551). Intervenciones Aleatorizamos desde la base de datos del Servicio Informatico del Instituto Catalan de la Salud (cobertura 100%), para una prevalencia estimada del 15%, perdidas del 20%, intervalo de confianza del 95% y precision del ± 5%, una muestra de 245 personas (estudiamos 198). Informamos a cada medico de sus pacientes a investigar. Si el paciente era diabetico su medico cumplimentaba un cuestionario; si no, ademas solicitaba 2 glucemias en ayunas en el laboratorio de referencia. Mediciones y resultados principales Utilizamos los criterios diagnosticos y de cribado de la ADA-1997 y obtuvimos los siguientes resultados: 1. Prevalencia de DM, 14,1% (1,5% nuevos diagnosticos); de GBA, 4%. 2. Probabilidad de ser diabetico: edad > 45 anos (4,7 veces mas), trigliceridemia > 250 mg/dl (4,5 veces), IMC > 27 (2,9 veces). Conclusiones Alta prevalencia de DM con elevado porcentaje conocido por la atencion primaria. Sabemos la prevalencia de la GBA. Los factores de riesgo relacionados con DM en nuestra poblacion son: edad > 45 anos, IMC > 27 e hipertrigliceridemia. Nuestra direccion de atencion primaria podra gestionar mejor los recursos destinados a la DM.
Taxonomic studies in the Miconieae (Melastomataceae). II. Systematics of the Miconia subcompressa complex of Hispaniola, including the description of two new species.

TheMiconia subcompressa complex containsMiconia subcompressa, M. selleana, M. hypiodes, and two taxa described here:M. septentrionalis (collected mainly at Pico Diego de Ocampo, Cordillera Septentrional) andM. jimenezii (collected at high elevations in the Sierra de Neiba-Montagnes Noires). Members of the group are characterized by a shrubby or arborescent habit; leaves densely covered with ferrugineous, stellate hairs on the abaxial surface; large, actinomorphic flowers with white petals and stamens; and large, globose fruits turning from red to blue as they mature. The taxa comprising the group are compared and their phylogenetic relationships are analyzed. An identification key, along with species descriptions, specimen citations, and eco-geographical characterizations for each taxon, is presented.
Dualistic Identity, Memory-encoded Norms, and State Emotion: A Social Constructivist Account of Chinese Foreign Relations

By tracing the origin and evolution of Chinese nationalism, this paper finds that the dialectical relationship between the Chinese “self” and the foreign “other” has provided the cultural-institutional context for the construction of its national identity. The positional change of the Chinese actor in the self-other interaction—resulting from the institutional shift from the tianxia order to the Westphalian system—and the consequent national humiliation have been embedded in the Chinese collective memory and given rise to the consensual norms ingrained in the national identity. Viewed through the lens of political sociology and identity politics, China’s tenacious struggle for national rejuvenation can be construed as a social practice guided by these memory-encoded social norms. Due to the protracted and ambivalent nature of the state’s purposive action in attaining great-power status on the international stage, the confidence of the resurgent state is compromised by an acute sense of frustration. This identity predicament has engendered a peculiar Chinese state emotion, which has profoundly influenced the in-group members’ evaluation and perception of out-group entities and their behavior in the antagonistic intergroup relations.
Isothermal activity coefficients for the system cyclohexane—n-heptane—toluene at 25°C

Isothermal vapor-liquid equilibrium data at 25°C are presented for the ternary and binary system containing cyclohexane, n-heptane, and toluene. These data were obtained by static equilibration in the presence of diluent nitrogen by chromatographic analysis of the saturated vapor. The data obtained were of at least comparable accuracy to those available at the normal boiling point, and the procedure appears to offer several substantial advantages. Neither a priori prediction of activity coefficients from regular solution theory nor extrapolation of data taken at the normal boiling point is a satisfactory substitute for the isothermal data.
Expression of maize zein genes in transformed sunflower cells

Genes encoding maize seed storage proteins of 19 and 15 kd have been inserted at various sites in the T-DNA of the Ti plasmid pTiA6, Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains harboring these plasmids were used to incite tumors on sunflower stem sections. Some of the resulting tumors were found to contain mRNAs transcribed from the zein genes. The transcripts from both zein genes initiated and terminated at precisely the same sites in both maize endosperm and sunflower tumors. The steady state level of zein mRNAs in tumors varied from undetectable to approximately 1% of the level in maize endosperm. This variation between tumors in zein mRNA levels did not correlate with either zein gene copy number of the level of octopine synthase mRNA. However, in six tumor lines containing a zein gene inserted at the same site in TR, the level of zein mRNA was directly proportional to the level of a TR encoded mRNA.
Representational Guidance of Action Production in Observational Learning: A Causal Analysis

This experiment tested the hypothesis that the number of model presentations and verbal coding of modeled actions affect reproduction accuracy through their effect on cognitive representation. Subjects viewed a complex action pattern either two or eight times with or without verbal coding to highlight the dynamic structure of the component actions and their temporal sequencing. They then received, in order, a recognition test and a pictorial-arrangement test to assess the accuracy of their cognitive representations of the modeled actions. Subsequently, all subjects were tested for their ability to reproduce the action pattern from memory. Results showed that increased exposure to modeled actions enhanced the accuracy of both the cognitive representation and the behavioral reproduction. Verbal coding also increased cognitive and reproduction accuracy, but only when combined with multiple opportunities to observe the modeled actions. A causal analysis confirmed that the effects of multiple exposures and verbal coding were entirely mediated by changes produced in the accuracy of cognitive representation.
A measure of efficiency for a class of decision feedback communication systems

Abstract A measure of efficiency is introduced for a broad class of decision feedback communication systems in which the feedback channel is noiseless and both the source and the forward channel are discrete and memoryless. The proposed measure R, which can be interpreted as a transmission rate, is a non-negative number that never exceeds the transmission rate Ro that can be achieved with the source and forward channel without the aid of feedback. However, there does exist a necessary and sufficient condition for which R = Ro. Roughly speaking, this condition is that requests for retransmission are made only when signals received in the past fail to impart any information as to which message symbol has been selected at the source. The measure R also has the property that it vanishes if, and only if, the rate Ro vanishes. In other words, the measure R reflects the idea that it is possible to convey information from source to receiver using feedback if, and only if, the forward channel is capable of carrying information without the aid of feedback.
The Four Cs of Successful Classroom Management

knuckle ride through a thirtyminute music period with students you hear all the way down the hall and around the corner as they approach your classroom. You've tried everything in your bag of tricks, but this class is the exception to every rule in the book. The most disappointing part of the situation is that you're spending more time and energy managing the class than making music. What is there left to do?
Apt: A Platform for Repeatable Research in Computer Science

Repeating research in computer science requires more than just code and data: it requires an appropriate environment in which to run experiments. In some cases, this environment appears fairly straightforward: it consists of a particular operating system and set of required libraries. In many cases, however, it is considerably more complex: the execution environment may be an entire network, may involve complex and fragile configuration of the dependencies, or may require large amounts of resources in terms of computation cycles, network bandwidth, or storage. Even the "straightforward" case turns out to be surprisingly intricate: there may be explicit or hidden dependencies on compilers, kernel quirks, details of the ISA, etc. The result is that when one tries to repeat published results, creating an environment sufficiently similar to one in which the experiment was originally run can be troublesome; this problem only gets worse as time passes. What the computer science community needs, then, are environments that have the explicit goal of enabling repeatable research. This paper outlines the problem of repeatable research environments, presents a set of requirements for such environments, and describes one facility that attempts to address them.
Auf1/Hnrnpd-deficient mice develop pruritic inflammatory skin disease.

Mice lacking heterogenous nuclear ribonuclear protein D (Hnrnpd), also known as Auf1, a regulator of inflammatory cytokine mRNA stability, develop chronic dermatitis with age that is characterized by pruritis and excoriations. Histological analysis showed marked epidermal acanthosis and spongiosis, neovascularization, and elevated number of inflammatory cells, including T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, mast cells, and eosinophils. Hnrnpd-deficient (Hnrnpdtm1Rjsc) mice with dermatitis display elevated serum IgE levels. Lesions in Hnrnpdtm1Rjsc mice were associated with a shift towards a Th2 immune environment. Evaluation of T-cell-mediated skin inflammation by assaying contact hypersensitivity indicated an increased response in Hnrnpdtm1Rjsc mice. T cells and macrophages from Hnrnpdtm1Rjsc mice demonstrate a number of abnormalities associated with dermatitis, including increased IL2, tumor-necrosis factor-α (TNFα), and IL1β production. Finally, many features of spontaneous dermatitis could be recapitulated in experimentally induced lesions by subcutaneous injection of CCL27 and TNF in unaffected Hnrnpdtm1Rjsc mice. Collectively, these data highlight the importance of HNRNPD and proper regulation of mRNA stability in the intricate processes of leukocyte recruitment and inflammatory activation within the skin.
Two-dimensional modeling of dry spinning of polymer fibers

Predictions of the dynamics of dry spinning of polymer fibers based on a two-dimensional model are presented. The constitutive equation used to describe the spinning fluid includes both viscous and viscoelastic effects and is based on an equivalent parallel combination of a non-linear Giesekus equation and a simple Newtonian component. Temperature and composition effects are accounted for in the viscosity, glass transition, and zero-shear modulus, and through these, in the associated relaxation time of the constitutive model. Inclusion of the viscous component enables predictions of the distinction between locking-in of the fiber velocity profile due to the rapidly rising viscosity and consequently dropping deformation rate, and fiber solidification due to the occurrence of a glass transition. Predictions of the axial and radial profiles of temperature, composition, stress, and orientation reflect the occurrence of skin-core morphology. Moreover, the single free parameter in the model, representing the ratio of the Newtonian component viscosity to that of the total viscosity, affects the fiber force profiles, and most especially the fiber axial velocity profile, and can therefore be used as a fitting parameter for spinline data.
Comparison of methods for the determination of benzo (a) pyrene in particulates from urban and other atmospheres

Abstract A group of methods for the determination of BaP in air and in other complicated mixtures are compared. Many of the methods are introduced in this paper and all have been applied to the determination of BaP in airborne participates. Some of the factors which have been compared are precision, accuracy, man-hours of work and total analysis time. Specific recommendations are given for methods by means of which a high order of selectivity, a maximum amount of information, a considerably reduced analysis time, or a low cost of analytical operation are possible. The use of the relatively low cost fluorimetric procedure is achieved with the loss of simultaneous characterization.
Expression of Interleukin-10 by in Vitro and in Vivo Activated Hepatic Stellate Cells *

Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSC) participate in matrix remodeling and deposition in liver fibrosis. The present study demonstrates that interleukin (IL)-10 is expressed by HSC upon activation in vitro or in vivo and that autocrine effects of this cytokine include inhibition of collagen production. Culture activation of HSC caused a distinct increase in IL-10 mRNA level compared with freshly isolated quiescent HSC. Treatment of cultured HSC with tumor necrosis factor-alpha, transforming growth factor-beta, or lipopolysaccharide further increased IL-10 mRNA by 2-fold and resulted in the release of IL-10 protein into the medium. HSC isolated from rats after bile duct ligation (BDL) showed prominent increases in IL-10 mRNA (x 100) and protein (x 30) levels at 7 days after BDL, but such induction disappeared in advanced liver fibrosis (19 days after BDL). IL-10 expression correlated positively with mRNA expression of interstitial collagenase and inversely with that of alpha1(I) collagen. Addition of anti-IL-10 IgG to cultured HSC caused enhanced collagen production under a basal or stimulated condition with TGF-beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, or lipopolysaccharide. These effects were associated with increased alpha1(I) collagen mRNA and reciprocally reduced collagenase mRNA levels. Co-transfection of HSC with an IL-10 expression vector and collagen reporter genes showed a 40% inhibition of alpha1(I) collagen promoter activity. These results demonstrate that activation of HSC causes enhanced autocrine expression of IL-10 which possesses a negative autoregulatory effect on HSC collagen production mediated at least in part by alpha1(I) collagen transcriptional inhibition and stimulation of collagenase expression. These findings, along with the demonstrated early induction of HSC IL-10 expression and its late disappearance during biliary liver fibrosis, suggest its in vivo role in matrix remodeling and a possibility that failure for HSC to sustain IL-10 expression underlies pathologic progression to liver cirrhosis.
Peritoneal fibrosis in cirrhotics treated with peritoneovenous shunting for ascites. An autopsy study with clinical correlations.

Of 554 cirrhotics autopsied during 1975–1993, 69 had had peritoneovenous shunts. Generalized peritoneal fibrosis with cocoon formation was found in 26 (38%) of those with shunts but in only one of 485 without shunts (P=0.00002). In 14/26 the fibrosis was asymptomatic, an incidental autopsy finding. Intestinal obstruction in 12/26 (46%), the only symptomatic manifestation, was fatal in five. The etiology of peritoneal fibrosis in shunted patients is unknown. The 26 patients with fibrosis had more prior abdominal operations, complicated abdominal wall hernias, and active biliary tract inflammations; these features differentiated them from the 43 patients without fibrosis. Scores in a “peritoneal complication index,” that considered multiple risks in the same patients, were significantly higher in those with fibrosis. In addition to these peritoneal injuries or inflammations, the faster ascitic fluid circulation in shunted patients may have increased deposition of fibrin upon the peritoneum. Fibrogenic cytokines, thus spread throughout the abdomen from local sites, may have converted fibrinous adhesions to generalized peritoneal fibrosis.
Knowledge Management Systems for Knowledge-Intensive Processes: Design Approach and an Illustrative Example

In order to gain sustainable competitive advantage in today's knowledge economy, organizations are looking beyond routine transactional workflow processes to support knowledge-intensive processes. Traditional business process management systems are effective in providing coordination support, but are not geared towards providing relevant knowledge support as well. Also, knowledge management systems are used in an ad hoc manner without explicitly linking them to the underlying organizational processes. Process-based knowledge management (PKM) systems have emerged as a potential solution to support knowledge-intensive processes. However, design guidelines for developing PKM systems are minimal. This paper highlights this research problem, identifies kernel theories governing the design and development of PKM systems, and synthesizes various kernel theories to propose a comprehensive design process for PKM systems. Feasibility and a comparative evaluation of the proposed design process is also discussed.
Adherence to and Invasion of Host Cells by Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia Species

The pathogenic lifecycle of obligate intracellular bacteria presents a superb opportunity to develop understanding of the interaction between the bacteria and host under the pretext that disruption of these processes will likely lead to death of the pathogen and prevention of associated disease. Species of the genus Rickettsia contain some of the most hazardous of the obligate intracellular bacteria, including Rickettsia rickettsii and Rickettsia conorii the causative agents of Rocky Mountain and Mediterranean Spotted Fever. Spotted fever group Rickettsia species commonly invade and thrive within cells of the host circulatory system whereby the endothelial cells are severely perturbed. The subsequent disruption of circulatory continuity results in much of the severe morbidity and mortality associated with these diseases, including macropapular dermal rash, interstitial pneumonia, acute renal failure, pulmonary edema, and other multisystem manifestations. This review describes current knowledge of the essential pathogenic processes of adherence to and invasion of host cells, efforts to disrupt these processes, and potential for disease prevention through vaccination with recently identified bacterial adherence and invasion proteins. A more complete understanding of these bacterial proteins will provide an opportunity for prevention and treatment of spotted fever group Rickettsia infections.
Solution structure of the Kluyveromyces lactis LAC9 Cd2 Cys6 DNA-binding domain.

The Zn2Cys6 DNA-binding domain has been identified by sequence homology in approximately forty fungal proteins, including the K. lactis LAC9 transcriptional activator. Using 1H NMR spectroscopy, we have determined the solution structure of a cadmium-substituted form of the LAC9 DNA-binding domain. We have complemented this approach by applying a series of 113Cd-1H NMR experiments, including several novel heteroTOCSY-based techniques. The DNA-binding domain forms a core of two α-helix/extended strand segments around the Cd2 binuclear cluster, with a network of amide proton-cysteinyl Sγ hydrogen bonds stablizing the cluster. Comparison with other Zn2Cys6 domain structures provides insight into the common structural elements used in metal coordination and DNA binding.
Emergency department management of ventriculoperitoneal cerebrospinal fluid shunts

Emergency physicians must be familiar with VP shunts in order to recognize critical complications associated with these devices. Knowledge of the major types of shunt devices commonly used and the mechanics of those devices allows emergency physicians to evaluate patients with shunts in an orderly manner.
Correlación de los parámetros hematológicos con la captación de FDG en médula ósea y bazo en la PET

Resumen Objetivo Valorar la correlacion existente entre los parametros hematologicos y la captacion de FDG en medula osea (MO) y bazo en la PET. Material y metodos 29 pacientes (pts) con linfoma de Hodgkin remitidos para un estudio inicial con FDG PET antes de comenzar el tratamiento y sin evidencia de afectacion en MO, fueron incluidos en el estudio. En 18 pts sin afectacion esplenica tambien se valoro la captacion de FDG en el bazo. La captacion en MO y bazo se clasifico de acuerdo a una escala visual de tres puntos, y se determino si era homogenea o difusa. Tambien se realizo un analisis semi-cuantitativo por medio de unos indices de captacion obtenidos a traves de unas regiones de interes, en medula osea y bazo, en relacion con otras en pulmon derecho e higado. Se calcularon unos coeficientes de correlacion entre la escala visual y los indices semi-cuantitativos en medula osea y bazo, con las cifras de hemoglobina (Hb), leucocitos y plaquetas en sangre. Resultados En 27/29 pts la captacion de FDG en MO y en 18/18 pts la captacion en bazo fue homogenea. Se objetivo una correlacion directa entre las cifras de leucocitos y la captacion de FDG en MO y bazo. La correlacion era menor y ademas inversa con las cifras de Hb (esto es, cuanto mas baja la Hb mas alta la captacion en MO). Las correlaciones mas bajas se obtuvieron con la cifras de plaquetas. Conclusion Los diferentes parametros hematologicos pueden llegar a afectar la captacion de FDG en MO y bazo. El conocimiento de esta correlacion puede ayudar a la mejor interpretacion de los estudios FDG PET.
General internal medicine and geriatrics: collaboration to address the aging imperative can't wait.

The progressive aging of the U.S. population presents an unprecedented demographic challenge to our health care system. To address this imperative, gerontology and geriatrics must become embedded i...
Isolation and Partial Characterization of DNA in Capsular Preparations of Rhizobium trifolii

The capsular polysaccharides from thymidine-(methyl-3H) labeled cultures of Rhizobium trifolii; strain 162S7 (Nitragin Co.) were centrifuged from bacterial cells and collected by ethanol precipitation. Following the addition of unlabeled carrier nucleic acids, labeled DNA, termed cap-DNA, was isolated from the capsular polysaccharides. Cap-DNA absorbed maximally at H-260 nm and was DNase sensitive. Approximately 11 μg of 3H-cap-DNA were consistently isolated per liter of 48 h cultures. Cap-DNA production was generally synchronized with the synthesis of the capsular polysaccharide and bacterial growth, attaining maximum recoverable amounts in 48 h cultures. By five days of culture growth, significant decreases in the amount of recoverable cap-DNA were noted. The presence of label in the cap-DNA demonstrated that the cap-DNA originated via de novo synthesis by the Rhizobium cells rather than from an anomalous source. The cap-DNA and intracellular Rhizobium DNA had similar buoyant densities of p= 1.719, indicating that cap-DNA arose specifically from the intracellular DNA. In 48-h cultures the specific activity of the cap-DNA was about one-third that of the intracellular DNA. This implies intracellular DNA was released during early growth with a relatively low specific activity which diluted the isotopic label of DNA released later. The evidence suggests lysogeny was the principal release mechanism.
The effect of the binding of residual protein to DNA on physical properties and behavior of DNA in calf thymus nuclear gels.

Abstract Histone-free nuclear gels from calf thymus consisting of residual protein and DNA made in either 0.41% sodium dodecyl sulfate or dilute ammonia at pH 8–9 have been observed to bind the DNA component so that it is not free to band at its normal buoyant density in CsCl density gradients. The DNA is freed from the gels under conditions which lead to the loss of viscoelastic gel behavior i.e., pronase digestion, treatment with disulfide exchange reagents, and shear. Lipid-free gels have as much bound DNA as gels that contain lipid. It has been observed that the DNA component of gels made in 0.41% sodium dodecyl sulfate can be denatured by mild shearing at pH 3.7. Isolated calf thymus DNA under the same conditions is not denatured, but is slightly depolymerized. Mild shearing at pH 4.5–9.0 of gels made up in detergent does not cause denaturation, although it does cause liberation of DNA from residual protein. Liberation of DNA from protein by shear is less complete in DNA-residual protein gels made up in dilute ammonia at pH 8–9 without detergent.
Synthesis of cis and trans methyl 8‐ and 13‐octadecenoate‐d2 and d4 isomers

The synthesis of deuterium labelled, unsaturated, isomeric fatty acids was required for a series of triple-labelled feeding experiments. The preparation of the cis and trans isomers of methyl 8-octadecenoate-17, 18-d2, methyl 8-octadecenoate-13, 13, 14, 14-d4, methyl 13-octadecenoate-17, 18-d2 and methyl 13-octadecenoate-17, 17, 18, 18-d4 is described. The syntheses utilize tris (triphenylphosphine) - chlororhodium(I) catalyst for the incorporation of deuterium. The double bond is introduced by coupling a deuterated alkyl triphenylphosphonium salt with the appropriate aldehydic ester using the Wittig reaction. Optimization of conditions has increased the overall yields for these syntheses to ∼50% and the isotopic purity to >95%.
A hidden danger of childhood trauma: Bicycle handlebar injuries

PURPOSE: To evaluate childhood bicycle handlebar injuries. METHODS: We evaluated retrospectively 14 patients who presented with bicycle handlebar injuries within a 3-year period. Bicycle injuries not caused by the handlebar were excluded. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 8.8 +/- 2 years (range, 5-12 years) and 79% were boys. The injuries comprised gastrointestinal perforation in 21%, traumatic abdominal hernia in 21%, and spleen laceration in 14%. The three children with intestinal perforation and the one with a penetrating abdominal injury underwent surgery, whereas the others were treated medically. An isolated traumatic abdominal hernia resolved spontaneously. There was no mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Although bicycle handlebar injuries occur at relatively low speeds, the transfer of energy from the end of the handlebar, with a small cross-sectional area, to a small field leads to intra-abdominal injuries that are more severe than predicted. Thus, bicycle handlebar injuries should be considered as a serious intra-abdominal injury until proven otherwise. Language: en
Isolation and Characterization of a Cold-Active Xylanase Enzyme from Flavobacterium sp.

Xylan is the major component of hemicellulose, and xylan should be fully utilized to improve the efficiencies of a biobased economy. There are a variety of industrial reaction conditions in which an active xylanase enzyme would be desired. As a result, xylanase enzymes with different activity profiles are of great interest. We isolated a xylanase gene (xyn10) from a Flavobacterium sp. whose sequence suggests that it is a glycosyl hydrolase family 10 member. The enzyme has a temperature optimum of 30°C, is active at cold temperatures, and is thermolabile. The enzyme has an apparent Km of 1.8 mg/ml and kcat of 100 sec−1 for beechwood xylan, attacks highly branched native xylan substrates, and does not have activity against glucans.
Verdoheme Reactivity. Remarkable Paramagnetically Shifted 1H NMR Spectra of Intermediates from the Addition of Hydroxide or Methoxide with FeII and FeIII Verdohemes

Studies of the reaction of 5-oxaporphyrin iron complexes (verdohemes) with methoxide ion or hydroxide ion have been undertaken to understand the initial step of ring opening of verdohemes. High-spin {ClFeIII(OEOP)} undergoes a complex series of reactions upon treatment with hydroxide ion in chloroform, and similar species are also detected in dichloromethane, acetonitrile, and dimethyl sulfoxide. Three distinct paramagnetic intermediates have been identified by 1H NMR spectroscopy. These reactive species are formed by addition of hydroxide to the macrocycle and to the iron as an axial ligand. Treatment of low-spin [(py)2FeII(OEOP)]Cl (OEOP is the monoanion of octaethyl-5-oxaporphyrin) with excess methoxide ion in pyridine solution produces {(py)nFeII(OEBOMe)} (n = 1 or 2) ((OEBOMe), dianion of octaethylmethoxybiliverdin), whose 1H NMR spectrum undergoes marked alteration upon addition of further ammounts of methoxide ion. An identical 1H NMR spectrum, which is characterized by methylene resonances with bo...
First-order system least squares and the energetic variational approach for two-phase flow

This paper develops a first-order system least-squares (FOSLS) formulation for equations of two-phase flow. The main goal is to show that this discretization, along with numerical techniques such as nested iteration, algebraic multigrid, and adaptive local refinement, can be used to solve these types of complex fluid flow problems. In addition, from an energetic variational approach, it can be shown that an important quantity to preserve in a given simulation is the energy law. We discuss the energy law and inherent structure for two-phase flow using the Allen-Cahn interface model and indicate how it is related to other complex fluid models, such as magnetohydrodynamics. Finally, we show that, using the FOSLS framework, one can still satisfy the appropriate energy law globally while using well-known numerical techniques.
Characteristics of semi- and full discretization of stabilized Galerkin meshfree method

Stabilized conforming nodal integration (SCNI) has been developed to enhance computational efficiency of Galerkin meshfree methods. This paper employs von Neumann analyses to study the spatial semi-discretization of Galerkin meshfree methods using SCNI. Two model problems were presented with respect to the normalized phase speed and group speed for the wave equation, and normalized diffusivity for the heat equation. Both consistent and lumped mass (capacity) discretizations are considered in the study. The transient properties in the full discretization of the two model problems were also analyzed. The results show superior dispersion behavior in meshfree methods integrated by SCNI compared to the Gauss integration when consistent mass (capacity) matrix is employed in the discretization. For the lumped mass case, SCNI performance is comparable to that of the Gauss integration, but exhibits considerable reduction of computational time.
Substrate Placement Influences Reactivity in Non-heme Fe(II) Halogenases and Hydroxylases

We employ error-corrected density functional theory methods to map out the dependence of reactivity on substrate position for SyrB2, a member of a family of non-heme iron halogenases and hydroxylases that are only reactive toward amino acid substrates delivered via prosthetic phosphopantetheine arms. For the initial hydrogen abstraction step, the inherent flexibility of the phosphopantetheine molecule weakens the position dependence for both the native substrate (threonine for SyrB2) and alternative substrates. Over a 5 A window of substrate positions, the tethered hydrogen abstraction step proceeds with nearly identical activation energies and donor-acceptor distances in the transition state. The propensity of a particular substrate toward halogenation or hydroxylation is found to depend strongly on the substrate placement following hydrogen abstraction, with deeper substrate delivery into the active (for native substrates) site favoring halogenation and shallower substrate delivery favoring hydroxylation.
Hypothermia following intraventricular injection of a dopamine-derived tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid.

Abstract In the rat, intraventricular injection of 6,7-dihydroxytetrahydroisoquinoline (6,7-dihydroxy-TIQ), 3.5–350 μg was followed by a rapid, dose-related fall in body temperature. This response was markedly inhibited following reduction of brain catecholamine levels with 6-hydroxydopamine. Norepinephrine, 20 and 50 μg, also caused hypothermia in control rats. In contrast to 6,7-dihydroxy-TIQ, however, the hypothermic effect of norepinephrine was potentiated by 6-hydroxydopamine. These results suggest that 6,7-dihydroxy-TIQ causes hypothermia by releasing catecholamine from central adrenergic nerve terminals. In addition, when injected in doses below those eliciting a fall in body temperature, norepinephrine, but not 6,7-dihydroxy-TIQ, evoked a hyperthermic response. The possible role of norepinephrine in thermoregulation of the rat is discussed in terms of these findings.
Deviant politics and Jewish love: Alfonso VIII and the Jewess of Toledo

The story of King Alfonso VIII of Castile’s affair with a Jewess of Toledo is perhaps the most famous medieval account of love between a Christian and a Jew. This article begins with the story’s first appearance toward the end of the thirteenth century and traces its expansion across several hundred years, in order to describe the roles played by figures of Judaism (and of women) in enacting and representing conflict within Christian politics. Once embedded in Castilian political theology, the Jewess reveals a good deal about how and why charges of Jew-love and Judaizing were deployed in late medieval conflicts over new forms of monarchical power, centralizing government, and administration. The article concludes with a focus on the Jewess’ role in both legitimating and criticizing a particularly important practice: the increasing royal delegation of administrative power to one favored minister (privado). By placing the Jewess at the center of debate over this practice, the article demonstrates how she simultaneously contributed to and reflected a transformation of the possibilities for Christian politics in Castile and for Jewish life in Sefarad.
Asymmetric Synthesis of the C1-C6 Portion of the Psymberin Using an Evans Chiral Auxiliary.

Abstract The C1–C6 region of the potent cytotoxic agent psymberin has been synthesized. The key transformations of the synthesis are an auxiliary-controlled addition of a Sn(II)-glycolate enolate to an aldehyde to yield the anti -aldol product and transforming the primary alcohol into a terminal olefin utilizing organoselenium chemistry.
Study of Morphological Changes in MgH2 Destabilized LiBH4 Systems Using Computed X-ray Microtomography

The objective of this study was to apply three-dimensional x-ray microtomographic imaging to understanding morphologies in the diphasic destabilized hydride system: MgH2 and LiBH4. Each of the single phase hydrides as well as two-phase mixtures at LiBH4:MgH2 ratios of 1:3, 1:1, and 2:1 were prepared by high energy ball milling for 5 minutes (with and without 4 mol % TiCl3 catalyst additions). Samples were imaged using computed microtomography in order to (i) establish measurement conditions leading to maximum absorption contrast between the two phases and (ii) determine interfacial volume. The optimal energy for measurement was determined to be 15 keV (having 18% transmission for the MgH2 phase and above 90% transmission for the LiBH4 phase). This work also focused on the determination of interfacial volume. Results showed that interfacial volume for each of the single phase systems, LiBH4 and MgH2, did not change much with catalysis using 4 mol % TiCl3. However, for the mixed composite system, interphase boundary volume was always higher in the catalyzed system; increasing from 15% to 33% in the 1:3 system, from 11% to 20% in the 1:1 system, and 2% to 14% in the 2:1 system. The parameters studied are expected to govern mass transport (i.e., diffusion) and ultimately lead to microstructure-based improvements on H2 desorption and uptake rates.
Structure and energetics of a ferroelectric organic crystal of phenazine and chloranilic acid

We report first-principles calculations for a ferroelectric organic crystal of phenazine and chloranilic acid molecules. Weak intermolecular interactions are properly treated by using a second version of the van der Waals density functional known as vdW-DF2 [K. Lee et al., Phys. Rev. B 82, 081101 (2010)]. Lattice constants, total energies, spontaneous electric polarizations, phonon modes and frequencies, and the energy barrier of proton transfer are calculated and compared with PBE and experiments whenever possible. We show that the donation of one proton from a chloranilic acid molecule to a neighboring phenazine molecule is energetically favorable. This proton transfer is the key structural change that breaks the centrosymmetry and leads to the ferroelectric structure. However, there is no unstable phonon associated with the proton transfer, and an energy barrier of 8 meV is found between the paraelectric and ferroelectric states.
Prenatally diagnosed pelviureteric junction obstruction: A benign condition?

Abstract Renal function in neonates with antenatally diagnosed pelviureteric obstruction is usually well preserved and rarely deteriorates in the short term. To assess if function is maintained in the medium term, and, where not, if any factors are predictive of deterioration, the authors reviewed their cases (1985 to 1992) of antenatally diagnosed unilateral pelviureteric obstruction with renographic confirmation (type II and IIIb curves). Initial renographic assessment was performed at 1 to 3 months. Among the 160 cases, initial differential function exceeded 40% in 140 987.5%), and these were managed expectantly with renographic follow-up, usually at 24, 48, and 72 months of age. The 20 patients with reduced differential function underwent early intervention (pyeloplasty, or trial of nephrostomy drainage in those with very poor function). Follow-up in those managed expectantly showed good differential function in 135 (96.5%), despite persistence of renographic obstruction in two thirds of the cases, more than half of which have had renographic follow-up beyond 4 years. Differential function decreased to below 40% in five patients (3.5%); this was not related to the type of renographic curve or severity of the hydronephrosis. The natural history of antenatally diagnosed pelviureteric obstruction continues to appear benign, and it may differ from that in older children who present clinically.
Impacts of Macroeconomic Forces and External Shocks on Real Output for Indonesia

Abstract: Extending Romer (2000, 2006) and Taylor (1993, 1999, 2001), this paper applies the IS-MP model to study potential impacts of selected macroeconomic variables and external shocks including crude oil prices on real GDP for Indonesia. The results show that a higher real stock price, real appreciation of the rupiah, a lower inflation rate, a higher real crude oil price, and a lower real federal funds rate are expected to increase Indonesia’s real GDP. More deficit spending as a percent of GDP would not cause real output to rise. Hence, Indonesia would not suffer declining output because of higher oil prices. Due to the insignificant coefficient of the government deficit as a percent of GDP, fiscal prudence needs to be pursued.
Smooth muscle growth in the mature rat: role of sympathetic innervation.

Abstract The role of sympathetic innervation in maintaining smooth muscle structure and function was investigated in the mature rat. Superior tarsal muscle volume, smooth muscle cell nuclear size and packing density, and α-adrenoceptor-mediated contractions were assessed in Sprague-Dawley rats at 3 months of age, and in rats at 6 months of age in which one muscle had intact sympathetic innervation and the contralateral mate was sympathectomized at 3 months. Body weight was stable between 3 and 6 months. In contrast, both maximum contraction and muscle volume increased by more than 50% in the innervated organ, while chronic sympathectomy prevented these increases. Both nuclear packing density and nuclear size increased with age. The greater packing density was abolished by sympathectomy, but nuclear enlargement was not. Adrenoceptor supersensitivity was not observed, although the agonist dose producing 50% maximum contraction varied as a function of contractile capacity. It is concluded that superior tarsal smooth muscle growth continues independently of changes in body weight in the mature rat. Structural and functional deficits observed following chronic sympathetic denervation of this muscle are attributable to prevention of growth rather than regressions in size and contractile capacity.
Class Struggle and Economic Transformation

This article begins with the observation that a restructuring of social relations basic to capitalism is necessary to end the nation's economic crisis. It argues that free market solutions to the crisis have proven their bankruptcy, making it likely that capital will eventually pursue statesupported strategies of "reindustrialization." The article focuses on the ways in which the contradictions in capital's strategical shift can be exploited by labor and'the Left. It argues for a socialist strategy based on an expanded public sector work force and a reformed trade union movement.
Constitutional Choice: An Experimental Study

Abstract A constitutional decision rule is the criterion of agreement that the collectivity designates as necessary to achieve binding decisions. Ostrom and Ostrom's (1977) individual calculus model specifies that groups consider two types of costs in choosing a constitutional decision rule: decision-making costs (time, money and effort invested in the decision-making process) and deprivation costs (the extent to which each participant is disadvantaged by an unfavorable decision). Deprivation costs and decision-making costs were manipulated, and preferences for decision rules were observed in this study of 420 American college students. The results partially supported the Ostrom and Ostrom model: Decision-making costs were related to constitutional choice; deprivation costs were not so related. A very large preference was found for majority rule and elected leader rule. In general, subjects did not respond strongly to the desires for efficiency or for individual gain that were proposed by the calculus model.
DNA-binding proteins in young and senescent normal human fibroblasts.

Abstract DNA-binding proteins (DBP) from normal human diploid cells, strain WI38, were isolated by DNA-cellulose chromatography using undenatured calf thymus DNA. The DBP in the 0.15 M NaCl eluate were fractionated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Comparisons of the amounts of the DBP in different cell populations were made by labelling the cells with either 3 H- or 14 C-amino acid precursors for 40 h prior to pooling the cells for co-isolation of their DBP. When WI38 cells in the replicative and stationary phases were compared, five proteins, P5b (87 000 D), P6a (50 000 D), P8 (33 000 D), P9 (28 000 D) and P10 (25 000 D) were labelled to a greater extent in the replicating cells and two proteins, P5c (72 000 D) and P12 (18 000 D) were labelled to a greater extent in the stationary phase cells. In addition, several high molecular weight DBP, partially characterized as collagen and protocollagen, were preferentially labelled in the stationary phase cells. Stationary phase senescent WI38 cells at or near the end of their in vitro lifespan characteristically showed an increased proportion of protein component P8 (33 000 D) relative to stationary phase WI38 cells at early population doubling levels. Further characterization of WI38-P8 showed that it binds preferentially to single-stranded DNA and amounts to greater than 1% of the total soluble protein in young cells in growth phase. Thus WI38-P8 appears to be comparable to the P8 protein studied by Tsai & Green [27] in mouse 3T6 and human SB cells. The component which is increased in senescent or terminal phase non-dividing cell populations is judged to be the P8 protein by its position in SDS-gels and its preferential binding to single-stranded DNA.
Effects of N-nitrosopiperidine substitutions on mutagenicity in Dosophila melanogaster

Abstract N-Nitrosopiperidine (NP) and various derivatives were fed to Drosophila melanogaster males over a wide concentration range in order to assess their mutagenic potency in the induction of X-linked recessive lethals and chromosome loss. NP was effective in inducing lethals, as were its halogen and methylsubstituted derivatives, with the exception of 2,6-dimethyl NP. (Methyl substitutions at the alpha carbon atoms reduce or eliminate mutagenic activity.) Substitutions of halogen groups on the piperidine ring enhanced the mutagenic activity, with the 3-chloro compound being the most mutagenic. In contrast, substitutions with a hydroxyl, carboxyl, or keto group resulted in a loss of mutagenicity. None of the compounds tested increased the frequency of chromosome loss or breakage in mature sperm.
Common occurrence of benign liver lesions in patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer investigated by MRI for suspected liver metastases.

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of benign liver lesions in patients with breast cancer who are referred to magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for suspected breast cancer metastases at initial presentation. The original MR imaging reports of consecutive patients with breast cancer were reviewed; these patients had undergone MR imaging at our institution to investigate for suspected breast cancer liver metastases, at initial presentation between April 1993 and May 1998. Determination of the presence of benign and malignant liver lesions in each patient was made, as well as their relative frequencies. Diagnostic accuracy of MR imaging was evaluated by correlation with histologic specimens (5 patients) and imaging follow-up (27 patients). Thirty-four patients with newly diagnosed breast carcinoma were evaluated with MR imaging. A total of 11 (32%) of these patients had benign lesions only. Of 21 (62%) total patients who had malignant liver lesions, 19 had breast cancer metastases (2 had coexistent benign lesions), 1 had metastatic carcinoid, and 1 had hepatocellular carcinoma. No liver lesions were detected in two patients (6%). In one patient with biopsy-proven subcentimeter breast metastases, no focal lesions were shown on MR imaging. No other diagnostic errors in classification of liver lesions by MR imaging occurred, as shown by clinical correlation and imaging follow-up in all patients. True positive detection of malignant liver lesion was 20/21, true negative was 13/13, false positive was 0/13, and false negative was 1/21, for a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 100% for the detection of malignant liver lesions. Benign liver lesions are common in breast cancer patients suspected clinically of having liver metastases. Benign lesions alone were observed in one-third of our patients. The high diagnostic accuracy of MR imaging in the evaluation of hepatic lesions underscores the value of this technique for baseline investigation of breast cancer patients with clinically suspected liver metastases, particularly patients in whom treatment approaches are dramatically affected by the presence of liver metastases. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 1999;10:165-169.