cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Long-Run Effect of Entering the Job Market During a Recession – Evidence from Cohort Analysis

Economists have recently been interested to study the long-run effect of recession on job entrants. Some papers find that those who enter the labor market during a recession earn a lower income in the subsequent years, but that negative effect on income disappears over time. On the other hand, some papers find that the low income of these job entrants remain persistent even in the long run, which implies that those who enter the job market during a recession bear the brunt of low income throughout their lives. However, few papers study the underlying reason behind the lower wages earned by this recession cohort. In this paper, I identify two job cohorts – one that enters the labor market during a long recession, and the other that enters the labor market during favorable economic times and study their income evolution using pooled regression. Using the regression results, I run some Oaxaca-Blinder (1973) decomposition to identify the underlying reasons behind the lower wages earned by the recession cohort. The results indicate that men who enter the labor market during a recession earn a lower returns on individual characteristics (education, race and experience) when compared with those who enter the labor market during favorable economic times. This is robust to changes specification of the analysis, indicating that the lasting wage shortfall of men during a recession is due to the lower returns to education and experience that they face.
Monge's Method

This chapter examines the different aspects of Monge's method. It is applicable to some nonlinear second-order partial differential equations with two independent variables. It yields an exact solution. Application of some algebraic identities and then the use of equation splitting permit some nonlinear partial differential equations to be solved. Monge's method works for some differential equations. It is found that by use of equation splitting, one look for the simultaneous solutions to R dp dy + T dq dx − Vdy dx = 0. Such a solution is called an intermediate integral and will depend on an arbitrary constant or function.
Organic and conventional farmers differ in their perspectives on cover crop use and breeding

Cover crops play an important role in agricultural sustainability. Unlike commodity cash crops, however, there has been relatively little cover crop breeding research and development. We conducted an online survey to evaluate: (a) the perspectives of organic and conventional farmers in the USA who use cover crops and (b) the specific cover crop traits that are important to farmers. We recruited participants from both organic and conventional agriculture networks and 69% of respondents reported that they farmed organic land. In addition to demographic data and information on management practices, we quantified farmer perspectives on four winter annual cover crops: (1) Austrian winter pea, (2) crimson clover, (3) hairy vetch and (4) cereal rye. Overall, respondents represented a wide range of states, farm sizes, plant hardiness zones and cash crops produced. Of the 417 full responses received, 87% of respondents reported that they used cover crops. The maximum amount farmers were willing to spend on cover crop seed varied by farmer type: 1% of conventional farmers versus 19% of organic farmers were willing to spend over US75 acre−1). Organic and conventional farmers differed in terms of the reasons why they grew cover crops, with organic farmers placing greater value on the ecosystem services from cover crops. More organic (63%) than conventional (51%) farmers agreed that participatory breeding was important for cover crop variety development (P = 0.047). Both groups shared strong support for cover crop research and considered many of the same traits to be important for breeding. For the legume cover crops, nitrogen fixation was considered the most important trait, whereas winter hardiness, early vigor, biomass production and weed suppression were the most important traits for cereal rye. Our results illustrate common interests as well as differences in the perspectives between organic and conventional farmers on cover crops and can be used to inform nascent cover crop breeding efforts.
Family factors that characterize adolescents with severe obesity and their role in weight loss surgery outcomes.

Objective To comprehensively assess family characteristics of adolescents with severe obesity and whether family factors impact weight loss outcomes following weight loss surgery (WLS). Methods Multisite prospective data from 138 adolescents undergoing WLS and primary caregivers (adolescent: Mage = 16.9; MBMI= 51.5 kg/m2; caregiver: Mage = 44.5; 93% female) and 83 nonsurgical comparators (NSComp: adolescent: Mage = 16.1; MBMI = 46.9 kg/m2; caregiver: Mage = 43.9; 94% female) were collected using standardized measures at presurgery/baseline and at 1 and 2 years. Results The majority (77.3%) of caregivers had obesity, with rates of caregiver WLS significantly higher in the WLS (23.8%) versus NSComp group (3.7%, P < 0.001). Family dysfunction was prevalent (≈1 in every two to three families), with rates higher for NSComp than the WLS group. For the WLS group, preoperative family factors (i.e., caregiver BMI or WLS history, dysfunction, social support) were not significant predictors of adolescent weight loss at 1 and 2 years postoperatively, although change in family functioning over time emerged as a significant correlate of percent weight loss. Conclusions Rates of severe obesity in caregivers as well as family dysfunction were clinically noteworthy, although not related to adolescent weight loss success following WLS. However, change in family communication and emotional climate over time emerged as potential targets to optimize weight loss outcomes.
Abstract P231: A National Initiative to Improve Utilization of Cardiac Imaging: The FOCUS Learning Community and Performance Improvement Module

Background: The growth of medical imaging has placed burdens on healthcare finance and raised questions about quality of care. Resource sensitive and quality-centered imaging begins with the selection of the appropriate patient and test. Appropriate use criteria have been developed to aid clinicians but are often not in an easily accessible format. Objective: FOCUS, a web-based community, quality improvement, and education product, was developed to reduce inappropriate imaging by 15% in one year and by 50% within three years. Methods: Voluntary data collection occurred from April 2010 to January 2011 through the FOCUS Radionuclide Imaging Performance Improvement Module (PIM). The PIM consisted of three stages. In the first stage, participants entered patient cases (prospective or retrospective) to establish a baseline. Appropriate use was measured based on the 2009 RNI Appropriate Use Criteria using a computer based algorithm. Stage 2 featured the development of an action plan and incorporated quality improvement activities to support appropriate use of imaging. Patient cases were entered both at the end of stage 2, to check the participants progress, and in stage 3 (which is currently in progress), to evaluate the intervention period. Appropriate, inappropriate, and uncertain levels were compared between phases of the PIM. Results: For the 23 participating sites that had completed the two stages the proportion of inappropriate cases decreased from 10 %( 75/765) to 5 %( 33/609), for an overall decrease of 50% (p (See Table) . Conclusions: The data suggests that through the use of a self-directed, quality improvement software and interactive community, such as the FOCUS PIM, physicians can significantly decrease the proportion of tests not meeting appropriate use.
Working with, not against, coral-reef fisheries

The fisheries policies of some Pacific island nations are more appropriate to the biology of their resources than are some of the fisheries policies of more industrialized countries. Exclusive local ownership of natural resources in Palau encourages adjustive management on biologically relevant scales of time and space and promotes responsibility by reducing the tragedy of the commons. The presence of large individuals in fish populations and adequate size of spawning aggregations are more efficient and meaningful cues for timely management than are surveys of abundance or biomass. Taking fish from populations more than halfway to their carrying capacity is working favorably with the fishery because removing fish potentially increases resource stability by negative feedback between stock size and population production. Taking the same amount of fish from a population below half its carrying capacity is working against the fishery, making the population unstable, because reducing the reproductive stock potentially accelerates reduction of the population production by positive feedback. Reef fish are consumed locally, while Palauan laws ban the export of reef resources. This is consistent with the high gross primary production with little excess net production from undisturbed coral-reef ecosystems. The relatively rapid growth rates, short life spans, reliable recruitment and wide-ranging movements of open-ocean fishes such as scombrids make them much more productive than coral-reef fishes. The greater fisheries yield per square kilometer in the open ocean multiplied by well over a thousand times the area of the exclusive economic zone than that of Palau’s coral reefs should encourage Palauans to keep reef fishes for subsistence and to feed tourists open-ocean fishes. Fisheries having only artisanal means should be encouraged to increase the yield and sustainability by moving away from coral reefs to bulk harvesting of nearshore pelagics.
Attention Getters: Diaspora Support for Ethno–Political Organizations in the Middle East

ABSTRACTWhy do some ethno-political organizations get support from their diaspora while others do not? There is little analysis that examines why some organizations (both violent and nonviolent) get support. Using data on 112 organizations in the Middle East we examine how factors like the power of the organization, ideology, political behavior, and government treatment might impact the likelihood of an organization getting support from its diaspora. We argue that contentious political behavior should have the largest impact on such support. We find that those that do the best job of getting attention through visible action get the most support.
Lenstra's Proof of the Carlitz-Wan Conjecture on Exceptional Polynomials

We give a proof, following an argument of Lenstra, of the conjecture of Carlitz (1966) as generalized by Wan (1993). This says that there are no exceptional polynomials of degree n over Fq if (n, q ? 1) > 1. Fried, Guralnick, and Saxl previously proved Carlitz?s conjecture: there are no exceptional polynomials of even degree over fields of odd order.
Models for Ownership: Implications for Long-term Relationships to Objects

Recent HCI research has shown that there are important differences in the ways that people interact with physical and digital objects, and that these differences have negative implications for how people value digital objects. This work in progress explores one finding from a study comparing uses of paper and e-books that suggests that not only are there important differences in the ways people perceive their ownership of physical and digital objects, but that the context of digital ownership (e.g. through an account vs. files stored on a personal computer) also introduces variations in how people value their digital possessions.
Behavioral Markers of Emergent Stranger Anxiety in Infants and Toddlers with Fragile X Syndrome

Studying anxiety in neurogenetic syndromes may inform the intersection of biological and developmental risks, facilitating effective and targeted interventions. We longitudinally examined stranger fear in infants and toddlers with fragile X syndrome (FXS; n = 46) and typical controls (n = 33), as well as associations between observed stranger fear and rating scales of anxiety, withdrawal and autism features within FXS. Results indicated atypical facial fear in FXS, although facial fear did not index anxiety, autistic symptoms or social withdrawal. Instead, lower withdrawal was associated with decreased distress vocalizations across age, and higher autistic symptoms were associated with lower intensity escape behaviors. Early stranger fear in FXS reflects both typical and atypical dimensions and may help index emergence of social anxiety in this population.
Relationship of Ability in Project Implementation that Applied Sufficiency Economy Philosophy with the Development of High Order Thinking Skill of Graduate Diploma in Teaching Profession of St. Theresa International College

The purposes of this research are to study the ability level of the graduate diploma students in project implementation that applied the concept of sufficiency economy philosophy, to study high order thinking skill of students and to study the relationship between ability in project implementation that applied the concept of sufficiency economy philosophy with high order thinking skill of the graduate diploma in teaching profession of St. Theresa International College in Thailand. Sample group is the total of 123 graduate diploma in teaching profession students of St. Theresa International College. Instruments used are questionnaire and the statistical of mean, t-Test, Pearson’s simple correlation moment was used in the research. The study result found that the overall students’ level in project implementation is in the high level and the high order thinking skills is also in high level. However, the study also found that students’ ability in project implementation with the high order thinking skill in overall have relationships in high level in the statistical significant level of .01 with the coefficient correlation value of .750.
Recent Multiplicity Results for Nonlinear Boundary Value Problems

Abstract In this paper, we consider recent progress on the multiplicity of the solution set of various nonlinear boundary value problems. We first consider the semilinear Dirichlet problem and discuss some recent progress on a conjecture of the authors arising from an earlier paper of Ambrosetti and Prodi. We then consider other global bifurcation results for the Dirichlet problem, and finally some results for parabolic and hyperbolic semilinear equations.
Explicit and implicit memory

The recent explicit-implicit distinction has become ubiquitous in psychology, being aligned with other contrapositions such as conscious-unconscious, intentional-unintentional, direct-indirect. Since such distinctions are not always coterminous — or clear-cut — construct-validity is an issue. Nevertheless, these polarities point to classic phenomena of psychology and neuroscience. Freud’s (1891) neuroscience monograph “On aphasia” prefigures crucial themes in cognitive psychology, including psychoanalysis: The inaccessible may be available unconsciously; unconscious materials may be reflected indirectly (in symptoms, associations, behavior) and may be recovered into consciousness; twilight states (dreams, free-associations, art) may be indirect indicators of unconscious content. Laboratory work extending back to Potzl (1917) and Fisher (1956; 1960a; 1988) shows that dreams and fantasy can yield reliable and valid measures of inaccessible content and, also, that Freud’s manifest-latent distinction is scientifically viable, with recent psychophysical measurements of sensitivity (e. g., d′) having been made of latent-content sensitivity. This nascent “psychophysics of the third ear” reveals individual differences in sensitivity to latent contents. Laboratory work also shows that memory waxes and wanes over time, suggesting that observed dissociations between indicators of memory may also increase or decrease, or even reverse, over time.
The Influence of Pedagogical Style on Students' Level of Ethical Reasoning

Kohlberg's pedagogical approach to elevating levels of moral reasoning, based on the influence of group processes and leader behaviors, was used with MPA and MHA students enrolled in ethics courses...
INFINITE GRIEF: freud, hegel, and lacan on the thought of death

Postmodern critical assessments of Freud’s theory of mourning disavow the idea of grief’s conclusiveness, insisting that mourning is an interminable process or even a transcendental structure of ex...
An Uncanny Genealogy: Agassiz, Roosevelt, and Pound

This chapter maps the influence of a series of naturalist father figures (Agassiz, Roosevelt, and Pound) on Hemingway’s developing identity and art. Inquiry assesses the extent to which Hemingway’s aesthetic ideology is shaped by the scientific exactitude, realist mode of meaning making, and anti-literary epistemology that characterizes the writings of these father figures. Analysis also casts a fresh light on Hemingway’s relationships to Gertrude Stein and Ezra Pound, reading these relationships through the lens of Agassiz’s influence on all three. Critical focus then shifts to Hemingway’s rupture with this naturalist-literary tradition (and with Roosevelt in particular), and to his radical reinvention of it under the sign of The Uncanny.
The Use Tax in the Internet Age: Or, What Use is the Use Tax Anyway

In recent weeks, news reports on the Federal Government’s efforts to revamp the Federal Tax Code have captured the media’s attention, and ours. They call for our attention not just be-cause of the importance the tax code has on our livelihoods. But these stories have had a flair for the dramatic before bills have even come out of committee. However, the debates surrounding the federal tax code may not be the most pressing tax issue facing our society in the United States. Many states have eroding infrastructure and the states’ efforts to collect enough sales and use tax has been eroding. To see why the states’ tax base is eroding, we start and end with a case from 1992, Quill v. North Dakota. Quill Corporation was a Delaware corporation with offices and warehouses in California, Georgia and Illinois. Quill was the sixth largest retailer of office furniture in the country and had over $200,000,000 in annual sales. Just $1,000,000 of those sales came from Quill’s 3,000 customers in North Dakota. Yet it was the taxes on those sales that North Dakota’s Tax Commissioner, Heitkamp, felt obliged to collect. The resulting dispute before the Supreme Court has shaped the retail industry across the country. Today, over 25 years later, Quill v. North Dakota is having an even bigger impact as online sales accelerate. The reason: It established a rule that states cannot require a retailer to charge sales or use tax if the retailer’s only contact with that state is by mail or common carrier. This ruling established the Quill Standard, and it is responsible for today’s dangerous loss in sales tax revenue. In this paper, we will explore the intricacies and the inconsistencies of the Quill Standard. First, we will define what sales and use taxes are. Second, we will review the current impact and the potential future consequences if more out-of-state businesses may sell and ship their goods while avoiding these taxes. Third, we will introduce the Quill Standard for charging use taxes through out-of-state corporations. Fourth, we will explore the history of the Quill Standard to help us understand it in context. And last, we will review challenges to and reforms of the Quill Standard taking place both at the federal and the state level.
Anger and Emotion Regulation Associated With Borderline and Antisocial Personality Features Within a Correctional Sample

Although diagnostically distinct, research indicates that antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) share common features, including anger impulses and emotio...
Piloting the FIRE: A Novel Error Management Training Simulation Curriculum for Fasciotomy Instruction

Background Multiple studies have demonstrated poor performance of lower extremity fasciotomy (LEF), highlighted by missed and/or inadequately released compartments. Incorporating error management training (EMT) into surgical simulation has been promoted as a way to gain deeper understanding of procedural errors and overall performance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate LEF performance using a Fasciotomy Improvement through Recognition of Errors (FIRE) simulation training curriculum to train novice surgical trainees. Methods A mastery learning-based EMT curriculum was developed, and surgical residents were enrolled and pretested with a multiple-choice question (MCQ) written test, and a simulated fasciotomy using a lower leg model. Each trainee then watched a 15-minute narrated presentation followed by 2 rounds of fasciotomy error recognition and management training exercises to a mastery standard. During each round, trainees performed hands-on assessment of unique premade fasciotomy leg models containing a variable number of procedural errors. They were required to identify and propose corrective action for all errors. Serial rounds of remediation were implemented until the mastery standard was attained on both error identification rounds. All trainees were post-tested with the same MCQ and another simulated fasciotomy. Results All 14 residents had minimal experience with only 0.3 ± 0.6 fasciotomies performed prior to instruction. There were 3 ± 1.6 missed or inadequately released compartments on the pretest. Residents examined 14 ± 2.5 legs, including 2 ± 2.5 legs during remediation to attain mastery. All residents demonstrated significant improvement following the FIRE of Error curriculum for the MCQ (57% ± 16% vs 78% ± 13%; p = 0.01; Cohen's d = 1.4), fasciotomy score (10 ± 7.1 vs 28 ± 1.9; p Conclusions Implementation of a mastery learning-based EMT curriculum for fasciotomy simulation training results in significant improvement in fasciotomy technique without reliance on repeated procedure performance nor clinical fasciotomy exposure. This curriculum is a highly effective option for surgical trainees lacking fasciotomy training during residency.
Decoupling Capacitor Layout Design Guidelines for Acoustic Noise Consideration in Power Distribution Network

Acoustic noise induced by multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) in power distribution network (PDN) is a critical issue regarding product user experience. In this work, design guidelines for decoupling capacitor selection, layout geometries are proposed targeting the acoustic noise, through analysis of the acoustic noise generation mechanism in printed circuit board (PCB). A test board is designed to validate the proposed design guidelines. With sound pressure level measurement of the test vehicle, the effectiveness of the proposed design guidelines is confirmed. In general, the decoupling capacitor layout design guidelines for acoustic noise consideration are consistent with the requirements for PDN to achieve high electrical performance.
Merger Law for Biotech and Killer Acquisitions

This Essay suggests a framework of how to conceptualize “killer acquisitions” in the biotech sector. In a killer acquisition, a larger branded pharmaceutical company buys a start-up company with a pipeline product with the intention to shut the pipeline product down. The Essay offers a way to police against acquisitions that may hurt consumers and still encourage pro-competitive acquisitions that may improve innovation and consumer welfare.
Cross Border Investing Activity: Return Enhancing or Return Destroying?

Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) in the United States have grown extremely fast in terms of assets and market capitalization since the early 1990s. As with many industries, U.S. REITs began ac...
Reference-Dependent Preferences and Mutual Fund Flows

Despite the ability to explain many puzzling phenomena in financial markets, direct tests of reference-dependent preferences of Kahneman and Tversky (1979, 1992) have mainly been conducted in experimental settings. We propose a novel test based on revealed preferences of real-world investors. Following Berk and van Binsbergen (2016) and Barber, Huang, and Odean (2016), we use the well-documented mutual fund flow-performance relationship to examine if investors have different preferences over gains and losses when they evaluate performance. We infer investors' utility function from mutual fund flows instead of structurally estimating it with experimental or field data. We find that investors place a greater emphasis on losses than gains. Moreover, institutional investors always penalize risk, yet retail investors are risk-averse only over gains but risk-seeking over losses, inline with reference-dependent preferences rather than global risk aversion.
Personalized Energy Consumption Modeling on Smartphones

Energy has emerged as a key limitation in smartphone usage. As a result, optimizing power consumption has become a key design issue in building services and applications for smartphones. Understanding user behavior and its impact on energy consumption of smartphones is a key step for addressing this problem. This paper provides an in-depth study of user behavior and energy consumption of smartphones by analyzing smartphone data collected from twenty smartphone users over a period of three months. In particular, correlations between power consumption and factors such as time of day, user’s location, remaining battery power, recent phone usage history, and phone’s idle and active states have been studied. The results show varied levels of correlations between a user’s phone usage and these factors, and can be used to model and predict smartphone power consumption.
Scalability in neural network design: an add-on scheme

The authors investigate how a neural network architecture can be expanded with add-on neural networks to deal with a scale-up problem. It is shown that if the new scale-up associative memory design problem is solvable, then the authors' proposed scheme is also valid. A scale-up methodology is developed which allows an increase in dimension for each stored pattern in a dynamic neural network by augmenting additional neural subnetworks, while preserving the interconnection architecture of the original neural network. The proposed scale-up approach eliminates the need for redesigning an overall new neural network architecture. The ease of design is illustrated by the stability requirement of the neural network. The add-on feature proves to be efficient with respect to the design of the interconnection weights. >
I2T: an information integration testbed for digital government

The broad goal of the I2T project was to develop XML-based data mediation technology for integrating geospatial and statistical data, which is of great interest to a number of statistical and other government agencies. The research participants included the San Diego Supercomputer Center and Computer Science Department at the University of California, San Diego, and the Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Science Research (ICPSR) at the University of Michigan. The initial agencies that were identified as potential beneficiaries of this research included the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) and Census Bureau. The role of agencies was identified as providing not only the application drivers but also advice and feedback. Interactions with agencies were primarily via meetings held at in Washington or at San Diego Supercomputer Center. During the course of this project, there were also interactions and collaborations with other NSF Digital Government projects such as the Iowa State project on field data collection (Sara Nusser, PI) and data integration and the University of Maine project on spatial metadata (Peggy Agouris, PI). Indeed, these collaborations also eventually led to a funded joint NSF ITR project on geospatial data grids (GeoGrid), involving SDSC, Iowa State and Maine.
Measurement of Products of Docosahexaenoic Acid Peroxidation, Neuroprostanes, and Neurofurans

Free radicals derived primarily from oxygen have been implicated in the pathophysiology of a wide variety of human diseases. Quantification of products of free radical damage in biological systems is necessary to understand the role of free radicals in disease states. Measures of lipid peroxidation are often used to quantitate oxidative damage though many of these measures have inherent problems with sensitivity and specificity especially when used to quantitate in vivo oxidative injury. The discovery of the F2‐isoprostanes (F2‐IsoPs), prostaglandin F2‐like compounds derived by the free radical peroxidation of arachidonic acid (AA, C20:4, ω‐6) has largely overcome these limitations. The measurement of the F2‐IsoPs has been shown to be one of the most accurate approaches to quantifying oxidative damage in vivo. We have extended our studies of lipid peroxidation and the F2‐IsoPs to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6, ω‐3) and its peroxidation products. We have found that DHA oxidizes both in vitro and in vivo to form F2‐IsoP‐like compounds termed F4‐neuroprostanes (F4‐NPs). DHA is specifically enriched in neuronal membranes making the F4‐NPs sensitive and specific markers of neuronal oxidative damage. Adapting the methodology used to quantitate the F2‐IsoPs, we utilize stable isotope dilution, negative ion chemical ionization, gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) to quantitate the F4‐NPs with a limit of detection in the low picomolar range. Methods have been developed to quantitate both the F4‐NPs and the neurofurans (NFs), DHA derived peroxidation products containing a substituted tetrahydrofuran ring, in brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid. This review outlines in detail proper sample handling, extraction and hydrolysis of the F4‐NPs and NFs from tissue membrane phospholipids or biological fluids, and purification and derivatization of the compounds for analysis by GC/MS.
Ethnic Studies as Multi-Discipline and Phenomenology

Ethnic Studies is a type of academic program that includes a multiplicity of cultural disciplines (education, ethnology, history, literature, philosophy, political science, psychology, sociology, etc.). The history of the integrationist (or assimilationist) and the pluralist (or multi-cultural) conceptions of race and ethnic relations chiefly in the United States is examined first and then the attempt is made to show how research within and philosophical reflection upon this multi-discipline can be phenomenological.
Water Use by Thermoelectric Power Plants in the United States1

Thermoelectric power generation is responsible for the largest annual volume of water withdrawals in the United States although it is only a distant third after irrigation and industrial sectors in consumptive use. The substantial water withdrawals by thermoelectric power plants can have significant impacts on local surface and ground water sources, especially in arid regions. However, there are few studies of the determinants of water use in thermoelectric generation. Analysis of thermoelectric water use data in existing steam thermo- electric power plants shows that there is wide variability in unitary thermoelectric water use (in cubic decime- ters per 1 kWh) within and among different types of cooling systems. Multiple-regression models of unit thermoelectric water use were developed to identify significant determinants of unit thermoelectric water use. The high variability of unit usage rates indicates that there is a significant potential for water conservation in existing thermoelectric power plants. (KEY TERMS: water conservation; water supply; statistics; thermoelectric generation; unit water use; multiple- regression)
Can teleseismic mb be affected by rock damage around explosions

[1] Effects of rock damage on teleseismic mb are investigated with P wave synthetic seismograms using a moment dipole Mzz as the equivalent elastic model for damage around buried explosions. Two manifestations of late-time damage, cavity rebound and bulking from block rotations, are represented by model decompositions into compensated linear vector dipole and monopole sources, respectively. For high-velocity media, P waves from damage destructively interfere with those from the explosion. This interference reduces the rate at which mb yield scales for a pure monopole source and provides a physical basis for observed scaling in hard rock, mb ~ 0.75 log[yield]. For over-buried explosions, such as the North Korean tests, P waves from damage are weaker, and higher scaling rates are expected than explosions conducted under standard containment conditions. Our results highlight a cautionary note of transporting the same mb-log[yield] relation between test sites to estimate yield when source phenomenology is likely to be very different.
Effect of Convection on the Measurement of Thermophysical Properties Using Levitated Droplets

This article discusses the recirculating convection in free droplets levitated by either the electromagnetic forces or the electrostatic forces, and its effect on the measurement of thermophysical properties. In an electromagnetically levitated droplet, strong internal flow results from the vortical Lorentz forces induced by the surrounding coils. These forces are also responsible for free surface deformation. In an electrostatically levitated droplet, however, internal convection originates from the thermal gradient and the electrostatic forces are responsible for surface deformation only. Mathematical models for predicting the convection in these droplets and the surface deformations caused by either the electromagnetic or electrostatic forces are discussed. Results show that internal convection, when present, can have a significant effect on the measured data for the purpose of determining the thermophysical properties. The deformed surface assumes essentially the same oval shape in microgravity for both electromagnetically and electrostatically levitated drops. The deformation mechanism, however, is different. Future research directions in this area are also discussed.
Biological control studies: bacteria associated with moribund Biomphalaria glabrata (Mollusca) in the laboratory.

Abstract The bacteria associated with moribund specimens of the gastropod Biomphalaria glabrata were identified over a 4-year period. A total of 12 species and one or more representatives of Enteric Group 17 were found. Among these, Citrobacter freundii , a common aquatic species, was associated with 99%, and Aeromonas hydrophila , a sometimes pathogenic species, was associated with 66% of the moribund snails.
Attentional bias and agoraphobic avoidance : the role of cognitive style

Abstract Research has suggested that clinically anxious individuals tend to exhibit an attentional bias in processing threat-relevant information. Agoraphobics, in particular, have demonstrated consistent patterns of attention deployment variously described as fear stimulus generalization and hysterical cognitive style. The present study was designed to identify attentional and affective mediators of agoraphobic behavior using recent guidelines for information-processing research with anxiety-disordered populations. Ten adult outpatients meeting DSM-III-R/DIS criteria for panic disorder with agoraphobic avoidance and ten patients diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) were identified from 85 consecutive referrals. The GAD patients constituted a psychiatric control group. All subjects participated in a sequence of diagnostic interviews and completed a battery of tests that included the Embedded Figures Test (a measure of perceptual field dependence), WAIS-R “perceptual-organizational” factor subtests, and the SCL-90-R. Results showed that perceptual field dependence and phobic symptomatology were significant predictors of agoraphobia accounting for 86% of the variance. Overall correct classification of cases into diagnostic groups was 95%. Contrary to previous findings, phobic anxiety was found to be a distinct feature of the syndrome, and agoraphobics did not demonstrate significantly greater psychopathology than GAD patients. The results were interpreted within the framework of current information-processing heuristics for anxiety disorders.
Solution of Nonlinear Equations

Abstract—A new approach to solving a set of nonlinear equations, described by fi(x1, x2, . . ., xn) = 0, i= 1, 2, ..., n, is presented. The computation is carried out by simple matrix inversion and matrix multiplication without evaluation of ∂fi/∂xj. Thus, computation time is saved. The method converges rapidly if the initial approximation is close to the solution. A specific example, using nonlinear equations with two variables, shows the application of the method.
Absorption Spectra of the Samarium Ion in Solids. I. Absorption by Large Single Crystals of Sm Cl 3 ·6 H 2 O

The visible and ultraviolet absorption of large single monoclinic crystals of Sm${\mathrm{Cl}}_{3}$\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}6${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$O has been studied at seven temperatures between 15\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} and 298\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. Measurements of the absorption lines and bands are given as they appear at four of these temperatures. The influence of temperature on the positions of lines and multiplets and on the width and intensity of lines is discussed. All phenomena are explained on the basis of three direct effects of temperature change on the crystal: Lattice contraction and expansion, temperature vibration of the lattice with consequent fluctuations in crystal fields, and Boltzmann distribution of the ions between excited lower levels about 160, 210 and 300 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ above the basic level.
Laryngeal reinnervation with nerve-nerve anastomosis versus laryngeal framework surgery alone: A comparison of safety

Objective To characterize any additional risks and rate of complication associated with laryngeal reinnervation in comparison to traditional laryngeal framework surgery. Design Retrospective chart review over a 5-year period. Results A total of 16 reinnervation procedures were performed to rehabilitate a paralyzed vocal fold. Of the 16 procedures, 12 (75%) were combined with arytenoid adduction. One reinnervation was aborted due to presence of scar and vascular malformation in the tracheal-esophageal groove. There were no major complications (airway obstruction or death). There were no cases of prolonged dysphagia or aspiration pneumonia; there was one wound infection (6%). Endoscopic findings postoperatively included pharyngeal ecchymoses in three patients (19%), all of whom underwent a simultaneously performed arytenoid adduction. There was a similar incidence of minor complications in traditional framework surgery performed without reinnervation ( P > 0.05). Conclusion Laryngeal reinnervation, alone or in combination with laryngeal framework surgery, does not appear to add significant perioperative morbidity. This is the first report to document the safety of laryngeal reinnervation by nerve-nerve anastomosis.
Introspectiveness and Adolescent Symptom Reporting

Abstract A new measure of introspectiveness—the tendency to devote diffuse attention to thoughts and feelings about the self—was used to investigate adolescent symptom reporting. Introspectiveness was correlated with psychological distress (x = .40) and with physical symptoms (r = .27) in a random sample of college freshmen, and remained the strongest correlate of distress and symptoms when controlling for a variety of other measures. Women, Jews, and certain Hispanic groups were higher on introspectiveness than other students. An unanticipated, but possibly significant, result was that economic discontinuities and discontinuities involving significant others had markedly different relationships with health. Strong associations between perceptions of parental characteristics, adolescent introspectiveness, and health suggested the importance of socialization processes for understanding distress and symptoms. Finally, measures of emotional sensitivity and time spent alone were associated with introspectiven...
QUALITY VERSUS PRICE AS FACTORS INFLUENCING COMMON STOCK PRICE FLUCTUATIONS

THE FIELD OF STOCK-MARKET PRICE BEHAVIOR is probably unique among all areas of economic study in at least two respects. First, it has by far the largest number of "universally known and accepted facts." Second, these accepted facts are often unproven and all too frequently untrue. This article is chiefly concerned with one of the untrue facts. For many years the writer has read and has been told that low-priced stocks "move faster and farther" than high-priced ones. More specifically, it is said that low prices per share are conducive to volatility, that the percentage price fluctuation in a low-priced stock is commonly greater than it would be in a higher-priced stock of similar quality and prospects. The obvious implication is that low-priced stocks provide the ideal hunting area for profit-minded investorspeculators. The truth of the matter is that the percentage price fluctuations in most low-priced stocks are about the same as those in high-priced stocks of the same quality. The price instability which characterizes so many low-priced stocks should be attributed to their speculative quality, not to the fact that they are low priced. These conclusions seem to be amply supported by the statistical charts and tables which follow. Our demonstration logically begins with the routine calculations represented in Chart I. "Everyone knows" that low-quality stocks fluctuate more widely than high-quality ones, but few people know how much more, nor how much in absolute terms. Chart I presents rather definite answers on both points. The qualities of stocks represented range from the best available (Aa) to the poorest which can be classed as dividend producers-those which pay, but without certainty as to amount or time (C). The time periods used are periods in which the price ranges (differences between highest and lowest recorded transactions) represent mainly market fluctuations rather than secular growth or basic economic changes. The general results presented in Chart I are not surprising. Most
Tests for Color-Blindness: A Survey of the Literature with Bibliography to 1928

Resume Le but de l'article est de tracer le developpement des tests de daltonisme employes pendant la derniere centaine d'annees, et les methodes et les etalons du diagnostic. Les anomalies de la vision des couleurs presentent deux aspects: (1) theoriques; et (2) pratiques; lesquels ont forme le developpement des methodes de tester le daltonisme et la deficience dans la vision des couleurs. Au point de vue theorique il est important de constater exactement ce que voit le daltonien. Il faut savior sa sensibilite a la couleur: les limites de son spectre visible; les confusions qu'il fait; a vrai dire, toutes ses reactions anomales aux stimuli connus. Seulement de cette facon il est possible de classifier et de differencier la fonction visuelle, ainsi trouvant des donnees pour la construction de theories visuelles et des concepts de la nature de la vision des couleurs. L'usage des lumieres rouge et verte comme signaux dans le chemin de fer et les navires et le danger a la surete publique a cause de la possib...
Unusual kinetics of thermal decay of dim-light photoreceptors in vertebrate vision

We present measurements of rate constants for thermal-induced reactions of the 11-cis retinyl chromophore in vertebrate visual pigment rhodopsin, a process that produces noise and limits the sensitivity of vision in dim light. At temperatures of 52.0–64.6 °C, the rate constants fit well to an Arrhenius straight line with, however, an unexpectedly large activation energy of 114 ± 8 kcal/mol, which is much larger than the 60-kcal/mol photoactivation energy at 500 nm. Moreover, we obtain an unprecedentedly large prefactor of 1072±5 s−1, which is roughly 60 orders of magnitude larger than typical frequencies of molecular motions! At lower temperatures, the measured Arrhenius parameters become more normal: Ea = 22 ± 2 kcal/mol and Apref = 109±1 s−1 in the range of 37.0–44.5 °C. We present a theoretical framework and supporting calculations that attribute this unusual temperature-dependent kinetics of rhodopsin to a lowering of the reaction barrier at higher temperatures due to entropy-driven partial breakup of the rigid hydrogen-bonding network that hinders the reaction at lower temperatures.
Lipogeness and enzym activity in pig adipose tissue as influenced by dietary protein and fat

Abstract 1. 1. In vitro Upogenesis from glucose- U - 14 C or acetate-I- 14 C was studied in biopsy and post-mortem adipose tissue samples obtained from pigs fed different levels of dietary protein or fat. 2. 2. In one experiment there was an inverse relationship between dietary protein content and in vitro Upogenesis. 3. 3. In a second experiment, increasing the dietary fat level from 3–4 to 13-4 per cent was associated with an average reduction in fatty-add synthesis of approximately 66 per cent. When the crude protein content of the diet was increased by 15 per cent, the corresponding reduction in fat synthesis was about 26 per cent. 4. 4. Glucose- U - 14 C conversion to glyccride-glycerol and 14 CO 2 by adipose tissue of animals fed high levels of protein was reduced. Acctate-I- 14 C oxidation by adipose tissue of pigs fed high levels of protein or fat was also diminished. 5. 5. The activity of the pcntoae pathway dehydrogenases and malic enzyme in adipose tissue bomogenates was reduced as a consequence of feeding high-protein or fat-containing diets. 6. 6. These findings are discussed in the light of present knowledge of the control of fat synthesis in animals and of their relevance to current investigations of carcass fat content of pigs.
Suspension Mixing and Segregation in 1D, 2D, and 3D Flows

Particles in concentrated flowing suspension in pressure-driven flows tend to migrate away from the walls toward the center of the channel. Demixing due to shear-induced migration inhibits mixing and near wall transport. We investigate the competition between mixing and segregation in flows with complicated geometries that generate 3D chaotic advection, resulting in nontrivial concentration patterns. Using high-speed confocal laser scanning microscopy, we directly image the microspheres to measure the interplay between chaotic advection and the 3D spatial concentration profile, local particle velocities, and suspension structure.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
The measurement of dynamic flexile properties of fibers with a rheovibron viscoelastometer

A new method for measurement of dynamic flexile mechanical properties was developed by a modification of the Rheovibron viscoelastometer. The Rheovibron instrument is useful for obtaining dynamic tensile mechanical properties of films and fibers over a wide temperature range. A new flexile grip and procedure were used for measuring dynamic mechanical properties of material in the flexile mode using the Rheovibron instrument. The dynamic flexile properties on polyester, nylon 66, and acrylic fiber are presented.
Critical thermal maximum: Ecotypic variation between montane and piedmont chorus frogs ( Pseudacris triseriata , Hylidae)

Das kritische thermale Maximum von Froschen (Hylidae:Pseudacris triseriata) aus Bergpopulationen liegt niedriger als jenes von Tieflandpopulationen liegt niedriger als jenes von Tieflandpopulationen, wobei es sich offenbar um das Ergebnis einer physiologischen Evolution handelt: Adaptation an kuhleres Hohenklima.
A New Method for Constructing Approximate Confidence Intervals from M Estimates

Abstract The empirical function used to define M estimates of location is similar to a distribution function when Ψ is nondecreasing. This similarity allows approximate confidence intervals to be constructed from the “percentiles” of the defining function.