cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Computational Fluidic Modeling of a Low-Cost Fluidic Oscillator for Conversion of a CPAP Machine into an Emergency Use Mechanical Ventilator.

This paper presents the computational fluidic modeling of a fluidic oscillator for the conversion of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machines into emergency pressure support mechanical ventilators by providing a periodic pressure output to patients. The design addresses potential ventilator shortages resulting from the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, or future pandemics by converting a positive pressure source into a mechanical ventilator with a part that is (i) inexpensive, (ii) easily manufactured without the need for specialized equipment, (iii) simple to assemble and maintain, (iv) does not require any electronics, and (v) has no moving components that could be prone to failure. A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model is used to assess flow characteristics of the system, and a prototype is developed and tested with a commercial benchtop respiratory stimulator. The simulations show clinically relevant periodic oscillation with outlet pressures in the range of 8-20 cmH2O and end-user-tunable frequencies in the range of 3-6 seconds (respiratory rate (RR) of 10-20 breaths per minute). The prototype can respond to disrupted oscillations, an analogue for patient-initiated breaths. The fluidic oscillator presented here functions at physiologically-relevant pressures and frequencies, demonstrating potential as a low-cost, readily deployable means for converting CPAP machines into emergency use ventilators. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Digital natives in the hospitality workforce: an exploratory study on mobile dependency

This study aims to explore the construct of Mobile Dependency (MD) by distinguishing its sub-dimensions and to identify and verify hospitality employee clusters with respect to their MD. Investigat...
Negotiating with parents: Attorney practices in the juvenile plea bargain process.

OBJECTIVES Research on plea bargaining is increasing, yet much of this work examines how the process unfolds in adult court. Plea bargaining in juvenile court has several notable differences such as parental involvement. Including parents throughout the adjudicatory process is encouraged but ultimately left up to the attorney. Research has not explored whether attorneys include parents in plea bargain discussions with their clients. The present study examined parental involvement in the juvenile plea bargain process. HYPOTHESES We did not have any formal a priori hypotheses for this exploratory study. METHOD The first author conducted qualitative interviews with eighteen defense attorneys from the juvenile division of a public defender's office on the East Coast where we discussed their most recent case that resulted in a plea bargain. RESULTS Parents were included in plea negotiations and hearings. Attorneys described seeking parental input because parents may be impacted by the terms of the plea and because the court often seeks parental approval. During hearings, parents offered input regarding their child's ability to plea, the disposition plan, and whether they support their child's decision to plead guilty. CONCLUSIONS Pleas might impact parents, so it may be impractical to overlook their interests. However, parent and child interests may conflict, and parents often lack understanding of their children's rights and pleading generally. Therefore, attorneys must not only advocate for their clients, but also educate and manage parents' interests both inside and outside the courtroom. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Activation of gene expression by detergent-like protein domains.

Summary The mechanisms by which transcriptional activation domains (tADs) initiate eukaryotic gene expression have been an enigma for decades because most tADs lack specificity in sequence, structure, and interactions with targets. Machine learning analysis of data sets of tAD sequences generated in vivo elucidated several functionality rules: the functional tAD sequences should (i) be devoid of or depleted with basic amino acid residues, (ii) be enriched with aromatic and acidic residues, (iii) be with aromatic residues localized mostly near the terminus of the sequence, and acidic residues localized more internally within a span of 20–30 amino acids, (iv) be with both aromatic and acidic residues preferably spread out in the sequence and not clustered, and (v) not be separated by occasional basic residues. These and other more subtle rules are not absolute, reflecting absence of a tAD consensus sequence, enormous variability, and consistent with surfactant-like tAD biochemical properties. The findings are compatible with the paradigm-shifting nucleosome detergent mechanism of gene expression activation, contributing to the development of the liquid-liquid phase separation model and the biochemistry of near-stochastic functional allosteric interactions.
Introduction to Design

The human ability to design and invent has changed the world in a relatively short time—less than ten generations since the invention of the Watt steam engine in the eighteenth century, which led to the Industrial Revolution. Since then, the number of inventions and design artifacts has exploded to create the current technology-based world and the overall much higher standard of living for a population of about 7–8 billion in the twenty-first century that is about ten times larger than that of the pre-Industrial Revolution!
Kaposi's sarcoma: the radiographic manifestations of involvement of the stomach.

Summary A case of Kaposi's sarcoma with extensive involvement of the gastrointestinal tract including the stomach is presented. Radiologic studies on 2 occasions showed 2 striking lesions high on the posterior wall of the stomach which at necropsy were found to be sarcomatous nodules. The radiologic appearance, although striking in this case, is probably not specific but in the presence of known Kaposi's sarcoma has considerable significance. Because, in this disease, occasionally the stomach and intestine may be involved without skin manifestations, the radiologist should keep the possibility of Kaposi's sarcoma in mind.
DSP-based non-coherent dual detector demodulator for land mobile radio channels

This paper outlines the development of a digital demodulator suitable for the non-coherent detection of various modulation formats including: Phase Shift Keying (PSK), Continuous Phase Frequency Shift Keying (CPFSK) and Frequency Modulation (FM). The demodulator design concept has been derived with a view towards a single integrated circuit (IC) implementation. Two detectors, one non-coherent and one differentially coherent, operate concurrently, providing data detection and automatic frequency control (AFC). Bit error rate results are provided which illustrate the receiver performance in white Gaussian noise.
Interaction of aspartate transcarbamylase with regulatory nucleotides.

Abstract Equilibrium dialysis measurements of the binding of the allosteric activator ATP and the allosteric inhibitor CTP to native aspartate transcarbamylase show that ATP is bound at 5.1 to 6 sites with similar affinities, whereas Scatchard plots of CTP binding data display a sharp "negative" curvature indicating that CTP is bound with markedly heterogeneous affinities. ATP binds more weakly than does CTP, and the binding affinities of both nucleotides are decreased several fold by an increase in temperature from 4° to 24°. The binding affinity of CTP is reduced about 2-fold when the catalytic sites of aspartate transcarbamylase are occupied by a tightly bound transition-state analogue, N-(phosphonacetyl)-l-aspartate (PALA); there is no measurable effect of PALA on the binding of ATP. The heterogeneity in CTP binding affinities is observed under all conditions tested, in a manner consistent with the suggestion that heterogeneity in CTP binding may be due to nonequivalent binding of CTP to sites on dimers of regulatory polypeptide chains in the enzyme. Measurements have been made of the 190 to 320 nm circular dichroism (CD) spectrum of unliganded native aspartate transcarbamylase and of the CD difference spectra arising due to interaction of the enzyme with the substrate analogue PALA, the activator ATP, or the inhibitor CTP, taking these ligands singly or in combination. An estimate of polypeptide configurations in native aspartate transcarbamylase is presented, based on analysis of the 200 to 240 nm CD. Temperature-dependent spectral changes are not detected in the unliganded enzyme but are found in the difference CD at 250 to 320 nm for interaction of ATP or CTP with aspartate transcarbamylase. PALA and CTP added simultaneously to aspartate transcarbamylase have effects on the 200 to 250 nm CD which are not equal to the sum of the effects of PALA or CTP acting separately, reflecting the interdependence in the interaction of these two ligands with aspartate transcarbamylase. PALA, which is an analogue combining features of both of the substrates of aspartate transcarbamylase, produces changes in the 250 to 320 nm CD which are qualitatively and quantitatively similar to the sum of the changes observed by other workers for interaction of aspartate transcarbamylase with one substrate and an analogue of the other substrate.
Raynaud’s group-scheme and reduction of coverings

Let Y K → X K be a Galois covering of smooth curves over a field of characteristic 0, with Galois group G. We assume K is the fraction field of a discrete valuation ring R with residue characteristic p. Assuming p 2 ∤ G and the p-Sylow subgroup of G is normal, we consider the possible reductions of the covering modulo p. In our main theorem we show the existence, after base change, of a twisted curve \(\mathcal{X} \rightarrow Spec (R)\), a group scheme \(\mathcal{G}\rightarrow \mathcal{X}\) and a covering \(Y \rightarrow \mathcal{X}\) extending Y K → X K , with Y a stable curve, such that Y is a \(\mathcal{G}\)-torsor.In case p 2 | G counterexamples to the analogous statement are given; in the appendix a strong counterexample is given, where a non-free effective action of α p 2 on a smooth 1-dimensional formal group is shown to lift to characteristic 0.
Multisite Trials in Criminal Justice Settings: Trials and Tribulations of Field Experiments

Multisite trials present challenges due to sociopolitical environment of the study, site preparation issues and research management protocols. This paper uses two case studies from complex multilevel innovations involving two or more operating agencies to assess how research processes affect the internal and external validity of the study. This paper highlights the need to extend the discussion regarding experimental design into assessments of fidelity and adherence, or the common implementation issues, that continually affect the integrity of the experiment. The case studies highlight the typical, often confounding, decisions that researchers must make in a study to adapt to the study environment. The case studies serve to provide a discussion of issues regarding the design and conduct of multisite trials. We conclude by providing lessons learned in conducting or being involved in multisite trials including the use of CONSORT charts as a tool to assess impact of implementation decisions on experimental integrity.
CO 2 reduction to formate in Clostridium acidi-urici.

Cell-free lysates of Clostridium acidi-urici catalyze the reduction of CO 2 to formate in the presence of reduced ferredoxin and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced form.
NEONATAL GROUP B STREPTOCOCCAL (GBS) PNEUMONIA: AN IMMUNE COMPLEX DISEASE?

GBS pneumonia in the newborn is often fatal despite early treatment. Three infants with GBS pneumonia and sepsis were studied to define the role of immunoglobulins (Ig) and complement (C) in the development of this disease. Cord blood samples from 2 of the 3 infants had been obtained and were found to contain antibodies to GBS, but normal C levels. Serum C levels were obtained from all 3 infants during illness, at which time C3, C4 and Factor B (B) were depressed. Necropsy lung specimens from the 3 infants were studied by light microscopy. PAS positive hyaline membranes were observed in alveoli and gram stains showed gram positive cocci. Lung specimens were also snap-frozen for immunofluorescence (IF) with antisera to Ig, C and fibrin. Deposits of IgG, C3, C4 and fibrin were observed in the alveolar hyaline membranes. IF staining for GBS organisms and B was distributed throughout the lung parenchyma. IF for igM was negative in all patients. Specimens taken from three infants who died from other causes did not show these patterns of staining. C3, C4 and B IF staining in lungs associated with serum C depression in patients with GBS pneumonia suggests activation of classical and alternative C pathways in this illness. In addition, the presence of IgG, C3 and C4 in the alveolar membranes suggests that maternal IgG may contribute to immune complex deposition as part of the pathogenesis of this disease, and further suggests that treatment other than antibiotics should be considered.
Lernen and Learning Styles: A Comparative Analysis of the Learning Styles of German Adolescents by Age, Gender, and Academic Achievement Level

(2008). Lernen and Learning Styles: A Comparative Analysis of the Learning Styles of German Adolescents by Age, Gender, and Academic Achievement Level. European Education: Vol. 40, No. 4, pp. 23-45.
Argon plasma treatment of glass surfaces

The effect of argon plasma treatment of glass surfaces is studied by FTIR and SEM. The argon plasma on cleaned glass surfaces resulted in increased surface area due to microetching and surface rearrangement of the silicate network as indicated by the observed changes in the Si-O stretching infrared absorption. The result was a relative increase in surface hydrophilicity which could be optimized by the plasma reaction conditions. The etching action of the argon plasma on the substrate surfaces facilitated the removal of the micrometre thick sizing from the commercial fibres accompanied by little loss in tensile strength. Plasma was also used to graft selected monomers to the surface of glass fibres for enhancement of bond compatibility in a composite system. This grafting treatment was followed by an argon etching step. The argon plasma action on the coated surfaces improved the wettability further and increased the sur face area. Changes in surface chemistry that accompanied the argon etching treatment were very subtle in the case of the plasma polymer of allylamine, but proved significant in the case of the plasma polymer of hexamethyldisiloxane. On the latter surfaces, rearrangement of the siloxane (Si-O-Si) bonds to silylmethylene (Si-(CH2) n -Si) groups is suggested.
Envision: a user-centered database of computer science literature

Project Envision is an early NSF-funded digital library effort to develop a multimedia collection of computer science literature with full-text searching and full-content retrieval capabilities. Envision was launched in 1991 in accordance with the ACM Publications Board's plans for encouraging research studies to develop an electronic archive for computer science.
Optical loss changes in siloxane polymer waveguides during thermal curing

The optical loss change in siloxane polymer waveguides during isothermal curing conditions is studied for the wavelengths of 850 and 1310 nm. As a first step, the evolution of degree-of-cure is determined from differential scanning calorimetry and compared to optical absorption from spectroscopy. It is found that the optical loss due to absorption mechanisms is related to the extent of cure reactions in the polymer. Optical loss due to scattering mechanisms is related to local density fluctuations, and is studied using dielectric analysis. Optical loss measurements are conducted on both uncladded and cladded waveguides during isothermal cure, which results in certain optical loss trends. Based on the trends, the underlying mechanisms for the optical loss variations are proposed and a cure schedule to realize the lowest optical loss is suggested. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Mitf regulates osteoclastogenesis by modulating NFATc1 activity

Transcription factors Mitf and NFATc1 share many downstream targets that are critical for osteoclastogenesis. Since RANKL signals induce/activate both NFATc1 and Mitf isoform-E (Mitf-E), a tissue-restricted Mitf isoform in osteoclasts, it is plausible that the two factors work together to promote osteoclastogenesis. Although Mitf was shown to function upstream of NFATc1 previously, this study showed that expression of Mitf had little effects on NFATc1 and NFATc1 was critical for the induction of Mitf-E. In Mitf(mi/mi) mice, the semi-dominant mutation in Mitf gene leads to arrest of osteoclastogenesis in the early stages. However, when stimulated by RANKL, the Mitf(mi/mi) preosteoclasts responded with a significant induction of NFATc1, despite that the cells cannot differentiate into functional osteoclasts. In the absence of RANKL stimulation, very high levels of NFATc1 are required to drive osteoclast development. Our data indicate that Mitf functions downstream of NFATc1 in the RANKL pathway, and it plays an important role in amplifying NFATc1-dependent osteoclastogenic signals, which contributes to the significant synergy between the two factors during osteoclastogenesis. We propose that Mitf-E functions as a tissue-specific modulator for events downstream of NFATc1 activation during osteoclastogenesis.
Guest Editorial Holographic Applications

Little in science has created as much interest, excitement, and controversy in the past decade as holography. Holography, or wavefront reconstruction as it was first called, was invented by Dennis Gabor in 1948 in an attempt to improve the resolution of images obtained with an electron microscope. Although Gabor was unable to demonstrate his technique with electron waves, he was able to do so with visible light. The most serious problems Gabor and other early holography experimenters encountered was the pre-sence of a twin image and the absence of a light source suitable for making holograms. Within a decade after its invention, holography appeared destined for obscurity. However, in the early 1960's Leith and Upatnieks at the University of Michigan demonstrated a new approach to holography based on communications theory techniques that made it possible to eliminate the twin image and hence gave higher resolution images than previously available. At about the same time lasers were being developed that provided the coherent light required for making holograms. By 1964 or 1965 holography was causing much interest in the scientific community, and investigators at numerous universities and industries began studying and inventing new holographic techniques. Between 1964 and 1968 more than 500 papers and articles were written on holography. Unfortunately, many of the early predictions on the use of holography failed to materialize, and by 1968 much of the glamor earlier associated with holography began to disappear, contracts were no longer awarded simply because the title contained the word "hologram," and many of the investi-gators began to study other fields.
Comment on Alan Wood's “Fire, Water, Earth, and Sky: Global Systems History and the Human Prospect”

Alan Wood is right to argue that global history needs an organizing framework, and the systems history he proposes has a number of virtues. But it also has a significant weakness-it cannot help historians make causal arguments. There is an alternative framework that does not have this disadvantage- economics-and historians should consider it as well.
Gas Chromatographic Determination of Anthocyanins and Other Flavonoids as Silyl Derivatives

SUMMARY Gas chromatographic methods were developed for the separation of apigeninidin compounds, pelargonidin, cyanidin, delphinidin, petunidin, and malvidin. Protocatechuie, p-hydroxybenzoic, gallie, vanillie, and syringic acids–which are useful for the identification of particular anthocyanidins–were also amena-able to gas chromatographic analysis. Phlorglucinol could likewise he measured. Separation of rhamnose, ribose, xylose, fructose, ga-lactose, and glucose was good. Except for fructose, the others are common glycosidie sugars and aid in differentiating anthocyanins. Retention times were determined for the monogluco-sides of delphinidin, petunidin, pelargonidin, and malvidin; for a delphinidin glycoside extracted from wild grape hyacinths; and for arhutin, hesperidin, rutin, and quercitrin. Betanin likewise was volatile as the silyl ether. Rhamnetin, catechin, and quercetin yielded good gas chromatographic waves. Phenolphthalein and naphthorescoreinol were sometimes used as internal standards. The silyl ethers or esters above were prepared in pyridine or dimethyl sulfoxide. The data suggest that gas chromatography might he used for preparative as well as for identification purposes.
Effect of Variable Properties Within a Boundary Layer With Large Freestream-to-Wall Temperature Differences

Modern aviation combustors run at high fuel-air ratios to achieve high turbine inlet temperatures and higher turbine efficiencies. To maximize turbine durability in such extreme temperatures, the blades are fitted with film cooling schemes to form a layer of cool air between the blade and the hot core flow. Two terms that are utilized to evaluate a cooling scheme are the heat transfer coefficient (h) and the local driving temperature, namely, the adiabatic wall temperature (Taw). The literature presents a method for calculating these two parameters by assuming the heat flux (q) is proportional to the difference in freestream and wall temperatures (T∞ − Tw). Several researchers have shown the viability of this approach by altering the wall temperature over a finite range in low temperature environment. A linear trend ensues where the slope is h and the q = 0 intercept is adiabatic wall temperature. This technique has proven valuable since constant h is known to be a valid assumption for constant property flow.The current study explores the validity of this assumption by analytically predicting and experimentally measuring the h and q at high T∞ and low Tw characteristic of a modern combustor. Both a reference temperature method and temperature ratio method were applied to model the effects of variable properties within the boundary layer. To explore the linearity of the heat transfer with driving temperature, the analysis determined the apparent h and Taw which would be measured over small ranges of Tw by the linear method discussed in the literature. This study shows that, over large Tw ranges, property variations play a significant role. It is also shown that the linear trend technique is valid even at high temperature conditions but only when used in small temperature ranges. Finally, this investigation shows that the apparent Taw used in the linear convective heat transfer assumption is a valid driving temperature over small ranges of Tw but cannot always be interpreted literally as the temperature where q(Taw) = 0.© 2013 ASME
A diatom record of late Holocene climate variation in the northern range of Yellowstone National Park, USA

The changes in diatom species composition in a sediment core from Crevice Lake, Yellowstone National Park, spanning the past 2550 yr, were used to reconstruct long-term limnological and ecological conditions that may be related to late Holocene climate variability. Planktic forms dominate the fossil diatom assemblages throughout this record, but changes in species dominance indicate varying nutrient levels over time, particularly phosphorus. The changes in the nutrient concentrations in the lake were probably driven by changes in temperature and wind strength that affected the duration of water-column mixing and thus the extent of nutrient recycling from deep waters. Prior to 2100 cal before present (BP), Stephanodiscus minutulus and Synedra tenera dominated, suggesting long cool springs with extensive regeneration of phosphorus from the hypolimnion that resulted from isothermal mixing. From 2100 to 800 cal BP, these species were replaced by Cyclotella michiganiana and Cyclotella bodanica. These species are characteristic of lower nutrient concentrations and are interpreted here to reflect warm summers with long periods of thermal stratification. From 800 to 50 cal BP, S. minutulus dominated the diatom assemblage, suggesting a return to lengthy mixing during spring. The most dramatic late Holocene changes in the fossil diatom assemblages occurred during the transition from the Medieval Period to the Little Ice Age, approximately 800 cal BP.
High density sickle cell erythrocyte core membrane skeletons demonstrate slow temperature dependent dissociation

We have previously demonstrated that slow dissociation of HDSS membrane skeletons in high ionic strength Triton X-100 buffer was related to a posttranslational modification in beta-actin, in which a disulfide bridge was formed between cysteine 284 and cysteine 373[Shartava et al: J Cell Bio 128:805, 1995]. These previous dissociation assays were limited to two homozygous (SS) sickle cell patients and a single temperature (37 degrees C). In the current work, we have expanded the SS subjects to 9 and have carried out dissociation assays at 0, 24, 30, 34, and 37 degrees C. At 0 degrees C there was limited dissociation of spectrin and actin from normal(AA), low density sickle cell(LDSS), and high density sickle cell (HDSS) core skeleton up to 24 hr. The first order rate constants for dissociation of spectrin, at 0 degrees C, was 0.030-0.035 x 10-4 sec-1 for AA,LDSS, and HDSS core skeletons. However at 24, 30, 34, and 37 degrees C the rate of dissociation of spectrin from HDSS core skeletons was significantly slower than the rate of dissociation from AA core skeletons. Having determined the first order rate constants for spectrin dissociation at these specified temperatures, we then asked whether dithiothreitol (DTT) would hasten the dissociation of core skeletons. The presence of DTT caused the rate of dissociation of the HDSS membrane skeleton to become statistically indistinguishable from the rate of dissociation of AA membrane skeletons. This is consistent with the suggestion that reversible thiol oxidation is responsible for the slow dissociation of the HDSS membrane skeleton.
Quantitative Aspects of Agrammatism in Aphasia

Summary Speech transcripts from 8 non-fluent aphasics and 5 normal controls were analyzed for the presence or absence of 14 grammatical morphemes in their obligatory contexts. A stable difficulty ordering was found for the aphasics which differed from the invariant order of acquisition of these morphemes established for children. Transformational and semantic complexity, redundancy, stress and frequency were assessed as explanatory factors. Aphasics were also clearly different from normals in terms of the frequency of contexts for the morphemes that could be identified in their speech.
Ripple Filter Systems of the Zero Gradient Synchrotron and Means for Long, Magnetically Controlled Beam Spills

Ripple frequencies in the ring magnet guide field of the Zero Gradient Synchrotron (ZGS) range from less than 1 Hz to several kHz. Filter systems which reduce the ripple components to negligible magnitudes are described, as is the use of these systems for long, magnetically controlled beam spills. High frequency ripple is attenuated by an improved LCR filter. Low frequency ripple is reduced by a feedback loop from B to the rectifier phase control of the ring magnet power supply (RMPS). The attenuation of the mid-frequency components is accomplished with a feedback loop from B to a ripple bucking coil in each octant of the ZGS. Two modes of operation for magnetically controlled beam spills without RF structure are discussed. In one mode the feedback to the low frequency loop. is a signal from a spilled beam monitor. In the second mode the spilled beam monitor drives both the low frequency and the mid frequency loops.
A cognitive-linguistic intervention model for mother-infant Pairs: Birth-to-three

There is a challenge to develop an educational technology which promotes cognitive and linguistic competency among children of the poor. Researchers who have studied early interactions between mother and child and service deliverers who have implemented parenting programs recognize the link between cognitive and language development. The focus of this paper is a curriculum model which includes both areas of development. The interactive behaviors of mother and child during three successive stages of the child's development (0–9 months, 9–18 months, and 18–36 months) from the matrix of the cognitive-linguistic intervention model.
Regionally coherent Little Ice Age cooling in the Atlantic Warm Pool

[1] We present 2 new decadal-resolution foraminiferal Mg/Ca-SST records covering the past 6–8 centuries from the northern Gulf of Mexico (GOM). These records provide evidence for a Little Ice Age (LIA) cooling of 2°C, consistent with a published Mg/Ca record from Pigmy Basin. Comparison of these 3 records with existing SST proxy records from the GOM-Caribbean region show that the magnitude of LIA cooling in the Atlantic Warm Pool (AWP) was significantly larger than the mean hemispheric cooling of <1°C. We propose that a reduction in the intensity and spatial extent of the AWP during the LIA, combined with associated changes in atmospheric circulation may account for the regional SST patterns observed in the GOM-Caribbean region during the LIA.
A decomposition scheme for estimating dynamic origin–destination flows on actuation-controlled signalized arterials

Abstract This paper presents a decomposition framework for estimating dynamic origin–destination (O–D) flows on actuation-controlled signalized arterials from link counts, mainly addressing the issues of incomplete information and the large number of O–D pairs. The framework decomposes the original high-dimensional problem into much smaller sub-problems at the intersection and corridor levels. At the intersection level, turning movements are inferred with incomplete information; at the corridor level, the final estimates of O–D flows are constructed as weighted averages of the estimates from the column and row decompositions. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and the computational efficiency of the decomposition framework.
Design of an efficient NoC architecture using millimeter-wave wireless links

The Network-on-Chip (NoC) is an enabling technology to integrate large numbers of embedded cores on a single die. Traditional multi-core designs based on the NoC paradigm suffer from high latency and power dissipation due to the inherent multi-hop nature of communication. The performance of NoC fabrics can be significantly enhanced by introducing long-range, low power, and high-bandwidth single-hop links between far apart cores. In this paper we present a design methodology and performance evaluation for a hierarchical small-world NoC with on-chip millimeter (mm)-wave wireless channels as long-range communication links. The proposed wireless NoC offers significantly better performance in terms of achievable bandwidth and energy dissipation compared to its conventional multi-hop wired counterpart in both uniform and non-uniform traffic scenarios. The performance improvement is achieved through efficient data routing, an optimum placement of the wireless hubs, and an energy-efficient transceiver design.
Redesigning Freshman Seminar library instruction based on information competencies

Abstract During summer 1997, instruction librarians at Pepperdine University's Payson Library began restructuring Freshman Seminar library instruction sessions because they observed that students were not acquiring the needed library and information literacy skills. Too much material was being presented in too short a time with no opportunity for hands-on experience. Taking advantage of the opportunity for Web-based instruction, students now tour the library and learn catalog searching skills at their own pace outside of class. Librarians reinforce vital library skills and introduce the students to a general database during classroom instruction which includes hands-on experience. Evaluation indicates that students completing the program are more likely than those not completing it to select an appropriate library resource for identifying print and electronic information sources on a topic, but room for improvement exists.
Ada in the undergraduate curriculum

This panel will examine issues related to the integration of the Ada programming language into the undergraduate computer science curriculum. Topics will include the following:• The use of Ada versus other languages (e.g., C++) in CS I and II.• Approaches to making a transition from another language to Ada (i.e., later in the curriculum).• The use of Ada in advanced courses (e.g., software engineering, operating systems, programming languages. etc.).• A summary of public domain Ada curriculum materials and their respective sources.
Nature disfavors sequences of alternating polar and non-polar amino acids: implications for amyloidogenesis.

Recent experiments with combinatorial libraries of de novo proteins have demonstrated that sequences designed to contain polar and non-polar amino acid residues arranged in an alternating pattern form fibrillar structures resembling beta-amyloid. This finding prompted us to probe the distribution of alternating patterns in the sequences of natural proteins. Analysis of a database of 250,514 protein sequences (79,708,024 residues) for all possible binary patterns of polar and non-polar amino acid residues revealed that alternating patterns occur significantly less often than other patterns with similar compositions. The under-representation of alternating binary patterns in natural protein sequences, coupled with the observation that such patterns promote amyloid-like structures in de novo proteins, suggests that sequences of alternating polar and non-polar amino acids are inherently amyloidogenic and consequently have been disfavored by evolutionary selection.
Sex-dependent variation in the floral preferences of the hawkmoth Manduca sexta

Studies of plant–pollinator interactions have often documented species differences in preferences for floral advertisements and rewards. However, the contribution of intraspecific variation in behaviours, especially between sexes, remains less understood. We explored resource preference and resource use by male and female Manduca sexta hawkmoths, relative to two important nectar resources in southern Arizona, U.S.A. Manduca sexta is the major pollinator of one of these species (Datura wrightii, Solanaceae). Because females must also seek out D. wrightii as an oviposition resource, females were predicted to feed upon it more than would males, which should be free to choose the best nectar resource. Using naive laboratory-reared moths in flight arena experiments, we found that both sexes preferred Datura wrightii over Agave palmeri (Agavaceae). Exposure to only one species and an odourless paper control, however, revealed sex-specific differences in foraging behaviour, with females feeding longer from A. palmeri and males feeding longer from D. wrightii, leading us to reject our hypothesis. Differences in feeding preferences directly translated into differences in energy intake. Females gained significantly more energy than did males by feeding from A. palmeri. We also examined whether behavioural preferences of moths in the laboratory translated into foraging behaviour in the field. Pollen load analysis of moths caught in 2004 showed that females carried significantly more A. palmeri pollen than did males, whereas males carried more D. wrightii pollen than did females. Whereas most studies examine pollination associations at the species level, our results highlight the potential importance of between-sex variation in floral visits.
Multiple Scattering of 600-Mev Electrons in Thin Foils

The beam of the Stanford Mark III linear accelerator has been used to measure the width of the angular distribution of electrons multiply scattered in thin Be, Al, and Au foils. The results are in agreement with the predictions of the Moli\`ere theory.
Neural-immune communication in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Communication between the nervous and immune systems is fundamental to animal physiology. However, the complicated anatomy and signaling pathways of these systems in mammals challenge the understanding of the neural-immune interaction at molecular, cellular, and organismic levels. Caenorhabditis elegans has been valuable in this regard because of its simple, well-defined nervous system and accessibility to genetic, molecular, and behavioral analyses. Recent studies in C. elegans have identified neuronal pathways that regulate signaling cascades in innate immune responses, including a neuroendocrine network, a TGF-β pathway and dopaminergic neurotransmission, illuminating how specific neuronal signaling molecules and circuits control integrative immune responses.
A double layer plaque assay using spread plate technique for enumeration of bacteriophage MS2

Bacteriophage MS2 is used widely as a model organism to estimate pathogenic virus survival in various environments, and is usually quantified by plaque assay. Although current plaque assays work well in enumeration of MS2 in environmental samples, quantification of MS2 calls for better visibility and higher consistency. In an attempt to improve the visibility and consistency of the current plaque assay, spread plate technique was introduced, instead of the pour plate technique used commonly in existing methods. Other parameters that influence the outcome of the plaque assay were also compared. Using spread plate technique resulted in an increase of plaque size by approximately 50% and contributed to a better visibility. Addition of supplements (glucose, CaCl2 and thiamine); reduction of agar thickness and hardness, also contributed to enhanced plaque visibility and increased plaque count. Among all the conditions tested, a supplemented thin bottom agar (10ml 1% agar) and a supplemented thin top agar (10ml 0.45% agar) with spread plate technique gave the maximum countable plaques with a minimum standard deviation. When compared to other methods, it produced significantly higher plaque count and lower variation. The optimized plaque assay significantly improved visibility and consistency of the existing plaque assay methods and could be used in quantification of MS2.
Magnetic field effects on the quantum wire energy spectrum and Green's function

We analyze the energy spectrum and propagation of electrons in a quantum wire on a 2D host medium in a normal magnetic field, representing the wire by a 1D Dirac delta function potential which would support just a single subband state in the absence of the magnetic field. The associated Schrodinger Green's function for the quantum wire is derived in closed form in terms of known functions and the Landau quantized subband energy spectrum is examined.
Allylic prepolymers from brassylic and azelaic acids

Diallyl brassylate (DAB), a new monomer, and diallyl azelate (DAA) were converted to new prepolymers for comparison with analogous commercial products from diallyl o-and m-phthalate (DAMP). Respective prepolymers from DAB and DAA had Mn 28,000 and 40,000 and contained approximately 0.8 free allyl moiety per repeating unit. Only the DAB prepolymer exhibited crystallinity at low temperatures as detected by differential scanning calorimetry and x-ray diffraction. Aliphatic prepolymers have greater heat stability than aromatic ones and evolve fewer calories per double bond during curing than reported for DAMP prepolymer. Low shrinkage (<1%) on curing and clear, hard end products indicate the potential of aliphatic prepolymers as thermosetting plastics. Their liquid state at room temperature should be advantageous in many applications.
Doppler Ultrasound Prediction of Cerebral Vascular Resistance: Relative Vascular Resistance Is More Accurate than Pourcelot's Index

Doppler Ultrasound Prediction of Cerebral Vascular Resistance: Relative Vascular Resistance Is More Accurate than Pourcelot's Index
Cerebral arteriovenous malformations in the neonate: clinical presentation, diagnosis and outcome.

Abstract We reviewed the diagnostic features and clinical outcome of 7 consecutive neonates who were diagnosed to have cerebral arteriovenous malformations. All presented with cardiac failure, and a cranial bruit was heard in 67 patients. There was electrocardiographic evidence of myocardial ischemia in 6 patients. The diagnosis was established at cardiac catheterization, or by cardiac and cranial ultrasound. Three patients died of heart failure before definitive treatment. Despite early intervention, three of the remaining four patients died either during or immediately after embolization or ligation of the fistula. A cerebral arteriovenous malformation is a rare cause of neonatal heart failure. Despite prompt recognition and aggressive treatment, the outlook for symptomatic neonates is poor.
Developmental expression of polypeptide PEP-19 in cerebellar cell suspensions transplanted into the cerebellum of pcd mutant mice

Cerebellar cell suspensions were prepared from normal mouse embryos and implanted into the cerebellum of Purkinje cell degeneration (pcd) mutant mice, which are characterized by a virtually complete degeneration of Purkinje cells between postnatal day (P) 17 and P45. The expression of immunoreactivity for PEP-19, a developmentally-regulated brain-specific polypeptide, was analyzed in normal mouse cerebellum, as well as in pcd mutants with or without grafts. In the normal cerebellum, PEP-19 immunoreactivity was present in Purkinje cells. In unoperated mutants, 45 days of age or older, Purkinje cells were absent. In grafted pcd mice, numerous PEP-19 immunoreactive, neuroblast-like cells were seen in the graft at 5 days after transplantation. By 9 days, large PEP-19 immunoreactive neurons were found in the host molecular layer; by 17 days after transplantation, such neurons displayed an extensive dendritic tree and resembled differentiated Purkinje cells. The vast majority of PEP-19 immunoreactive cells was located in the molecular layer of the host at 9 days after transplantation and beyond; nonetheless, the same cells extended axonal processes toward the graft, indicating an affinity for co-grafted (possibly deep nuclei) neurons. These results point to the ability of donor Purkinje cells for survival, migration into the host brain and morphological and chemical differentiation following transplantation to the degenerated cerebellar cortex of the recipient mutants.
Plasma source ion implantation of magnesium alloys

Magnesium alloy applications have enjoyed tremendous growth over the last ten years. Magnesium's high strength to weight ratio provides design engineers an array of substitutional metallurgical options. However, improvements in magnesium's material properties may be possible through surface modification techniques. Utilizing ion implantation techniques developed at the Plasma Source Ion Implantation Laboratory, surface property improvements of magnesium alloys will be presented. Surface characterization was performed using Auger electron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Surface properties were evaluated using a pin-on-disk wear tester, and a corrosion measurement system.
LA SITUACIÓN SOCIAL DE LAS ESCRITORAS ARGENTINAS EN LAS PRIMERAS DÉCADAS DEL SIGLO XX. ANTECEDENTES

Neste artigo trato a situacao socioeconomica das escritoras argentinas no principio do seculo XX, em especial Alfonsina Storni, em relacao a situacao geral do escritor argentino. A analise e sociologica e politica, alem de fazer relacoes com ideias de genero e da teoria feminista.
The effect of intrauterine administration of mannose or bacteriophage on uterine health and fertility of dairy cows with special focus on Escherichia coli and Arcanobacterium pyogenes

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of intrauterine administration of 50 g of ultrapure mannose or a bacteriophage cocktail and the presence of Escherichia coli and Arcanobacterium pyogenes in the uterine lumen on uterine health and reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows. The study was conducted on a commercial dairy farm located near Ithaca, New York, from May 4 to January 20, 2011, and 597 cows were enrolled. The cows were divided randomly into 3 treatment groups, and treatments were administered at 2 ± 1 d in milk (DIM). Treatment 1 consisted of intrauterine administration of 50 g of ultrapure mannose powder divided in 4 pills; treatment 2 consisted of intrauterine administration of a bacteriophage cocktail that included 4 different phages in one pill, with a dose of approximately 10⁷ plaque-forming units; and treatment 3 consisted of intrauterine administration of one empty pill (control). Intrauterine fluid swabs were collected on day of treatment and at 10 ± 3 DIM; uterine lavage samples were collected at 35 ± 3 DIM. Swabs and uterine lavage samples were cultured for E. coli and A. pyogenes. The intrauterine administration of mannose and bacteriophage did not affect uterine health, reproduction performance, or outcome of intrauterine secretion cultures for E. coli and A. pyogenes. Prevalence of intrauterine E. coli at 2 ± 1 DIM and A. pyogenes at 2 ± 1, 10 ± 3, and 35 ± 3 were affected by retained placenta. Additionally, prevalence of intrauterine E. coli at 10 ± 3 and A. pyogenes at 35 ± 3 DIM were associated with metritis, and cows that were diagnosed with clinical endometritis at 35 ± 3 DIM had greater prevalence of intrauterine E. coli at 2 ± 1 DIM and A. pyogenes at 35 ± 3 DIM. Furthermore, cows positive for E. coli at 2 ± 1 and 10 ± 3 DIM and for A. pyogenes at 10 ± 3 DIM had 1.63, 2.34, and 1.54 increased odds of having metritis. Cows positive for A. pyogenes at 35 ± 3 DIM and for E. coli at 2 ± 1 DIM had 19.8 and 2.66 higher odds of being diagnosed with clinical endometritis, respectively. Additionally, cows negative for E. coli at 2 ± 1 DIM were 1.39 times more likely to conceive than cows positive cows for E. coli.
The spectrum of diseases of small coronery arteries and their physiologic consequences

Abstract There is a wide spectrum of abnormalities in the structure of small coronary arteries, with regard both to the portion of the arterial wall involved and to the histologic nature of the disease. A fuller understanding of this spectrum permits more useful interpretation of the pathophysiologic basis for the functional consequences of small coronary artery disease. In this review based on personal observations during examination of more than 1,000 human hearts postmortem there is initially a description of the wide variety of structural abnormalities, then a discussion of the functional consequences of these abnormalities and finally a section of general comments to weave together the structural and functional discussion in the context of clinical evaluation of patients who have small coronary artery disease. Future studies should apply fractal analysis and quantitative topology, methods that lend themselves particularly well to an investigation of the progressively smaller branching of the human coronary tree.
X-ray scattering study of Ag/Si(111) buried interface structures

Various interface structures formed between Si(111) and a {ital thick} Ag overlayer are investigated by grazing-incidence x-ray diffraction. The (7{times}7) reconstruction of Si(111) is preserved under a room-temperature deposited Ag film. Upon annealing to 250 {degree}C the interface becomes (1{times}1). This is contrasted by the ({radical}3 {times} {radical}3 ){ital R}30{degree} structure formed by annealing a {ital thin} Ag film on Si(111). By depositing a thick Ag film on this ({radical}3 {times} {radical}3 ){ital R}30{degree} Ag/Si(111) surface at room temperature, the ({radical}3 {times} {radical}3 ){ital R}30{degree} reconstruction is suppressed.