cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Strategy for continuous improvement in IC manufacturability, yield, and reliability

Continual improvements in yield, reliability and manufacturability measure a fab and ultimately result in Total Customer Satisfaction. A new organizational and technical methodology for continuous defect reduction has been established in a formal feedback loop, which relies on yield and reliability, failed bit map analysis, analytical tools, inline monitoring, cross functional teams and a defect engineering group. The strategy requires the fastest detection, identification and implementation of possible corrective actions. Feedback cycle time is minimized at all points to improve yield and reliability and reduce costs, essential for competitiveness in the memory business. Payoff was a 9.4X reduction in defectivity and a 6.2X improvement in reliability of 256 K fast SRAMs over 20 months.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Phases of elastic materials

Es wird eine Methode beschrieben fur die Charakterisierung von Stoff-Phasen durch Angabe der Symmetrie-Gruppe als Funktion der Deformation und Temperatur. Wenn in einem elastischen Stoff die Phase durch Dichte und Temperatur bestimmt wird, dann gelten die meisten der ublichen Resultate fur die Gesamt-Symmetrie-Gruppe auch fur die Gruppe, die einer gegebenen Phase entspricht.
Graduate students as coleaders of groups: A trainee's experience

Abstract The coleading experience of a trainee paired with a senior therapist and the advantages and disadvantages for group training are explored. Recommendations are given to prospective trainees and supervising coleaders.
Alcohol, age, and piloting: judgement, mood, and actual performance.

We have previously described acute and carry-over effects of alcohol on young and older pilots' performance. In the present paper we report the effects of alcohol and age on self-assessment of performance and mood in the same study. Young and older pilots flew in a simulator during an alcohol and placebo condition. In the alcohol condition, they flew after reaching .04 g/dL (.04%) BAL, after .10% BAL, and then 2, 4, 8, 24, and 48 h after .10% BAL (they flew at the same times in the placebo condition). They rated confidence in ability to fly, mood, alertness, and intoxication before each flight, and perceived workload and performance after each flight. As reported in Morrow et al., alcohol had both acute and carry-over effects for 8 h on actual flight performance, with greater acute impairment for older pilots. The present study reports that these older pilots tended to be more aware than the young pilots of acute and carry-over alcohol impairment out to 4 h. By 8 h, however, all pilots were unaware of impairment. Alcohol also had a biphasic effect on mood, which increased on the ascending limb and decreased on the descending limb of the BAL curve.
Bayesian semiparametric analysis of semicompeting risks data: investigating hospital readmission after a pancreatic cancer diagnosis

In the U.S., the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services uses 30-day readmission, following hospitalization, as a proxy outcome to monitor quality of care. These efforts generally focus on treatable health conditions, such as pneumonia and heart failure. Expanding quality of care systems to monitor conditions for which treatment options are limited or non-existent, such as pancreatic cancer, is challenging because of the non-trivial force of mortality; 30-day mortality for pancreatic cancer is approximately 30%. In the statistical literature, data that arise when the observation of the time to some non-terminal event is subject to some terminal event are referred to as 'semi-competing risks data'. Given such data, scientific interest may lie in at least one of three areas: (i) estimation/inference for regression parameters, (ii) characterization of dependence between the two events, and (iii) prediction given a covariate profile. Existing statistical methods focus almost exclusively on the first of these; methods are sparse or non-existent, however, when interest lies with understanding dependence and performing prediction. In this paper we propose a Bayesian semi-parametric regression framework for analyzing semi-competing risks data that permits the simultaneous investigation of all three of the aforementioned scientific goals. Characterization of the induced posterior and posterior predictive distributions is achieved via an efficient Metropolis-Hastings-Green algorithm, which has been implemented in an R package. The proposed framework is applied to data on 16,051 individuals diagnosed with pancreatic cancer between 2005-2008, obtained from Medicare Part A. We found that increased risk for readmission is associated with a high comorbidity index, a long hospital stay at initial hospitalization, non-white race, male, and discharge to home care.
Mitogenetic analysis of adult-child interactions during school writing

AbstractThe metacognitive explanations of children interacting with an adult are analysed according to the micro-genetic method developed in Geneva by researchers in cognitive genetic psychology. Interactions took place with sixth graders in a situation of narrative writing in a classroom setting. A segmentation of interview sequences is based on significant units progressively constructed by the interlocutors. Results focus on the construction of discourse, the dynamics of the interactions, as well as on the effects of two types of interviews: a) proactive, conducted when the child starts on the draft of his/her text; and b) retroactive, assessing the draft and forseeing transformations for the final text.
Advancements in Technology for Atmospheric Adaptive Optics

Significant advancements in component and subsystem technologies have enabled new performance levels of adaptive optical systems on large ground-based telescopes. High power, facility-class sodium wavelength guide-star lasers, near infrared wave front sensor and tracking cameras, wave front correctors, and high speed processors are being integrated into the 3.5-m telescope at the Starfire Optical Range.
Organizational Stressors and Heart Disease: A Research Model

This paper presents an analytical framework for examining the relationships between organizational stress and coronary heart disease (CHD). The model presented integrates behavioral and medical science perspectives of the etiology of CHD. Propositions emerging from the model and the reviewed literature are presented and managerial implications are discussed.
The search for hidden periodicities in biological time series revisited

In the study of rhythmicity in biological systems, two critical questions must be addressed: whether the process under investigation is significantly cyclic, and if so, what is the best estimate of the period of the oscillation. The Whittaker-Robinson “periodogram” has been used extensively to answer both of these questions, Fourier Analysis to a lesser extent. Advances in digital signal processing have produced techniques superior to both, and we have applied one of these (Maximum Entropy Spectral Analysis or MESA) to biological data. We have additionally developed a novel method for analyzing signal-to-noise ratios in biological rhythm data using the autoregressive model underlying MESA. We review here the current methodology for the analysis of biological time series and describe our application of these techniques. The superior performance of this combination of techniques is demonstrated using previously published data. In addition, employing an empirical approach, we have demonstrated that cyclic but aperiodic (i.e. chaotic) systems may be distinguished from noisy periodic or stochastic ones using a combination of these analyses. The implications of this for work on ultradian and circadian rhythms are discussed.
Synthesis and Transporter Binding Properties of 3β-[4‘-(Phenylalkyl, -phenylalkenyl, and -phenylalkynl)phenyl]tropane-2β-carboxylic Acid Methyl Esters: Evidence of a Remote Phenyl Binding Domain on the Dopamine Transporter

A series of 4‘-substituted 3β-phenyltropane-2β-carboxylic acid methyl esters were synthesized and evaluated for binding at the dopamine transporter (DAT) in order to better define the pharmacophore for the cocaine binding site on the DAT. Results from the study of 3β-[(4‘-phenylalkyl)phenyl]tropane-2β-carboxylic acid methyl esters (5a−c and 6a,b) revealed strong evidence of a previously unknown remote binding domain. The 3β-[(4‘-phenylethyl)phenyl]tropane-2β-carboxylic acid methyl ester (5a), which has a two methylene linker between the 3β-phenyl group and the remote phenyl group, has an IC50 value of 5.14 nM at the DAT. The 3β-[4‘-(benzyl)phenyl] and 3β-[4‘-(phenylpropyl)phenyl] analogues 6b and 5b, respectively, are 102- and 68-fold less potent than 5a at the DAT. Compound 5a also has good affinity for the serotonin and norepinephrine transporters (Ki = 21 and 6.5 nM, respectively) and is thus a nonselective monoamine uptake inhibitor. Electrostatic effects make a significant contribution to the DAT bin...
The strucrure of trans-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl methyl acetoacetate, and the interpretation of its optical rotations

Abstract Crystal-structure determination of trans - O -β- D -glucopyranosyl methyl acetoacetate, C 11 H 18 O 8 , m.p. 186°, confirmed the trans orientation deduced previously from physical properties. The conformation of the D -glucopyranosyl group is 4 C 1 , although the most symmetrical chair-conformer is actually 3 C o . The glycosidic link is  sc , with a CO anomeric bond of 1.428 A (142.8 pm), i.e. longer than is normal in methyl β-glycopyranosides. All of the hydrogen bonding is intermolecular. The unusual optical rotations in solution can be interpreted in terms of rotameric populations that are derived from the solid-state conformers and are stabilized by intramolecular or solvent hydrogen-bonding.
Trapping of Intermediates with Substrate Analog HBOCoA in the Polymerizations Catalyzed by Class III Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) Synthase from Allochromatium Vinosum

Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) synthases (PhaCs) catalyze the formation of biodegradable PHB polymers that are considered as an ideal alternative to petroleum-based plastics. To provide strong evidence for the preferred mechanistic model involving covalent and noncovalent intermediates, a substrate analog HBOCoA was synthesized chemoenzymatically. Substitution of sulfur in the native substrate HBCoA with an oxygen in HBOCoA enabled detection of (HB)nOCoA (n = 2–6) intermediates when the polymerization was catalyzed by wild-type (wt-)PhaECAv at 5.84 h–1. This extremely slow rate is due to thermodynamically unfavorable steps that involve the formation of enzyme-bound PHB species (thioesters) from corresponding CoA oxoesters. Synthesized standards (HB)nOCoA (n = 2–3) were found to undergo both reacylation and hydrolysis catalyzed by the synthase. Distribution of the hydrolysis products highlights the importance of the penultimate ester group as previously suggested. Importantly, the reaction between primed syntha...
Reaction functions and the theory of duopoly

Focuses on reaction functions and the theory of duopoly. Introduction and development of the reaction function; Crucial element of duopoly; Equilibrium points in a dynamic duopoly.
Practical Considerations for Choosing Between Tobit and SCLS or CLAD Estimators for Censored Regression Models with an Application to Charitable Giving

Practical considerations for choosing between Tobit, symmetrically censored least squares (SCLS) and censored least absolute deviations (CLAD) estimators are offered. Practical considerations deal with when a Hausman test is better than a conditional moment test for judging the severity of a misspecification, the need to bootstrap the sampling distributions of the Hausman tests, what to look for in a graphical examination of the residuals and the limited value of SCLS. The practical considerations are applied to a model of the intergenerational transmission of charitable giving using new data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID). The paper shows how to use relative distribution methods to calculate CLAD‐based marginal effects on the observable dependent variable.
Sustained-Release Lithium Carbonate in a Double-Blind Study: Serum Lithium Levels, Side Effects, and Placebo Response

The utility and side effects of sustained-release lithium carbonate (Priadel) in a once-per-day dose regimen was investigated with 66 male delinquents, ages 17-24 years, in a double-blind study comparing the antiaggressive effect of lithium carbonate with placebo. Serum lithium levels and symptoms were determined weekly for up to eight drug-free and 12 on-medication weeks. Average daily doses of 1500-1700 mg Priadel gave 24-hour serum lithium levels in the range 0.7-0.9 mEq/liter. Principal side effects were polyuria and shakiness, with other important side effects bring hand tremor, dryness of mouth, nausea, and weakness. No lithium toxicity was observed, and diarrhea was reported infrequently. Placebo response data are presented.
Local and Foreign Models of Reproduction in Nyanza Province, Kenya

The article focuses on the local and foreign models of reproduction among the Luo people of Nyanza province Kenya. Data were obtained from the archival records 1960 surveys a systematic review of the Nairobi press in the 1970s and 1980s secondary literature and qualitative and quantitative interviews conducted in four sublocations in rural South Nyanza District between 1994 and 2000. The first cultural model is a large family model of children as the route to riches. It is described by Luos as traditional and is associated with a past of supposed abundance. The second is a small-family model formulated by Luos in response to the changes during the colonial period particularly the introduction of attractive consumer goods and desirable jobs that required education. This small-family model is indigenous and is associated with the progress expected to accompany development. Finally the third model is a deliberate limitation of family size through the use of clinic-based methods of contraception. This is called the "wazungu" model ("wazungu" means both white and foreign and has connotations of trickiness or cleverness); it was introduced and broadcast by the international population movement and is considered the key factor in fertility declines. Eventually it was appropriated as a local model by the Luo as women came to discuss family planning with their peers rather than with those on a higher social scale.
A structure and reactivity analysis of monomeric Ni(II)–hydroxo complexes prepared from water

The nickel(II) chemistry with the tridentate ligands bis[(N′-R-ureido)-N-ethyl]-N-methylamine (H41R, R = isopropyl, tert-butyl) is described. The Ni(II)–OH complexes, [NiIIH21R(OH)]− were generated using water as the source of the hydroxo ligand. These complexes are pseudo-square planar, in which the primary coordination sphere contains three nitrogen donors from [H21R]2− and the oxygen atom from the hydroxide (Ni–O(H), 1.857(1) A). The Ni(II)–OH unit also is involved in two intramolecular hydrogen bonds between the urea groups of the [H21R]2− and the hydroxo oxygen atom. Attempts to deprotonate the Ni(II)–OH unit to produce Ni(II)–oxo complexes were unsuccessful. A variety of bases with pKa of less than 15 (in DMSO) were unable to deprotonate the hydroxo ligand. Treating the Ni(II)–OH complexes with KOBut (pKa∼ 29) afforded the ligand substitution product, [NiIIH21R(OBut)]−. Ni(II)–siloxide complexes were isolated when the [NiIIH21R(OH)]− complexes were allowed to react with K[N(TMS)2].
Rejecting out-of-Focus Attenuation

We consider the confocal microscope for samples where there is predominantly attenuation. We derive a computational detection approach for rejection of attenuation away from the focal point which we compare to the conventional method.
Fully automated four-column capillary LC-MS system for maximizing throughput in proteomic analyses.

We describe a four-column, high-pressure capillary liquid chromatography (LC) system for robust, high-throughput liquid chromatography−mass spectrometry (LC−MS(/MS)) analyses. This system performs multiple LC separations in parallel, but staggers each of them such that the data-rich region of each separation is sampled sequentially. By allowing nearly continuous data acquisition, this design maximizes the use of the mass spectrometer. Each analytical column is connected to a corresponding ESI emitter in order to avoid the use of postcolumn switching and associated dead volume issues. Encoding translation stages are employed to sequentially position the emitters at the MS inlet. The high reproducibility of this system is demonstrated using consecutive analyses of global tryptic digest of the microbe Shewanella oneidensis.
Ventilatory and metabolic responses of a bat, Phyllostomus discolor, to hypoxia and CO2: implications for the allometry of respiratory control.

The ventilatory and metabolic responses of lesser spear-nosed bats to hypoxia and hypercapnia were measured to determine whether these corresponded to preliminary allometries and a positive relationship between hypoxic ventilatory threshold andP50. Ventilatory responses of lesser spear-nosed bats to 3, 5 and 7% CO2 differed significantly from ventilation on air and each other. The magnitude of their ventilatory response to CO2 is consistent with the prediction of a smaller ventilatory response to hypercapnia in small compared to large mammals [\(\% \Delta \dot V \propto M_B^{0.130}\); Williams et al. (1994)]. Among 12, 10 and 8% O2 treatments only the ventilatory response to 8% O2 differed significantly from ventilation on air or the other treatments. Metabolic rate was significantly reduced at both 10 and 8% O2. The hypoxic ventilatory response of these bats does not support the prediction of a greater response in small compared to large mammals [\(\% \Delta \dot V \propto M_B^{0.273}\); Boggs and Tenney (1984)]. Their metabolic response is consistent with the hypoxic hypometabolism typical of small mammals, though not of comparable magnitude. The response, expressed as percent change in convection requirement (\(({{\dot V} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\dot V} {\dot VO_2 )}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\dot VO_2 )}}\)), is also less than that observed in other small mammals. This relative insensitivity to hypoxia may be associated with this bat's unusually high affinity hemoglobin (P50=27.5 torr).
Toxicity and bioaccumulation of reduced TNT metabolites in the earthworm Eisenia andrei exposed to amended forest soil.

Abstract Soils contaminated with 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and TNT primary reduction products have been found to be toxic to certain soil invertebrates, such as earthworms. The mechanism of toxicity of TNT and of its by-products is still not known. To ascertain if one of the TNT reduction products underlies TNT toxicity, we tested the toxicity and bioaccumulation of TNT reduction products. 2-Amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene (2-ADNT), 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (4-ADNT), 2,4-diamino-6-nitrotoluene (2,4-DANT) and 2,6-diamino-4-nitrotoluene (2,6-DANT) were tested separately in adult earthworms ( Eisenia andrei ) following a 14-d exposure to amended sandy loam forest soil. TNT, 4-ADNT, and 2-ADNT were lethal to earthworms (14-d LC 50 were: 580, 531 and 1088 μmol kg −1 , or 132, 105 and 215 mg kg −1 dry soil, respectively) and gave the following order of toxicity: 4-ADNT > TNT > 2-ADNT. Exposure to 2,4-DANT and to 2,6-DANT caused no mortality at 600 μmol kg −1 or 100 mg kg −1 dry soil. We found that all four TNT reduction products accumulated in earthworm tissues and 2-ADNT reached the highest levels at 3.0 ± 0.3 μmol g −1 tissue. The 14-d bioaccumulation factors were 5.1, 6.4, 5.1 and 3.2 for 2-ADNT, 4-ADNT, 2,4-DANT and 2,6-DANT, respectively. Results also suggest that some TNT metabolites are at least as toxic as TNT and should be considered when evaluating the overall toxicity of TNT-contaminated soil to earthworms.
Study of Insulating Properties of Alkanethiol Self-Assembled Monolayers Formed Under Prolonged Incubation Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

The electrochemical interfacial properties of a well-ordered self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of 1-undecanethiol (UDT) on evaporated gold surface have been investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in electrolytes without a redox couple. Using a constant-phase element (CPE) series resistance model, prolonged incubation times (up to 120 h) show decreasing monolayer capacitance approaching the theoretical value for 1-undecanethiol. Using the CPE exponent α as a measure of ideality, it was found that the monolayer approaches an ideal dielectric (α = 0.992) under prolonged incubation, which is attributed to the reduction of pinholes and defects in the monolayer during coalescence and annealing of SAM chains. The SAMs behave as insulators until a critical potential, Vc, is exceeded in both cathodic and anodic regimes, where electrolyte ions are believed to penetrate the monolayers. Using a Randles circuit model for these cases, the variation of the capacitance and charge transfer resistance with applied dc potential shows decreased permeability to ionic species with prolonged incubation time. The EIS data show that UDT (methylene chain length n = 10), incubated for 120 h, forms a monolayer whose critical voltage range extends from −0.3 to 0.5 V versus Ag/AgCl, previously attained only for alkanethiol at n = 15. At low frequencies where ion diffusion occurs, almost pure capacitive phase (−89 deg) was attained with lengthy incubation.
Correlation of bond strength with surface roughness using a new roughness measurement technique.

Abstract Objectives . The correlation between shear bond strength and surface roughness was investigated using new surface measurement methods. Methods . Bonding agents and associated resin composite were applied to set amalgam after mechanically roughening its surface. Surface treatments were none (as set against glass), 80 grit, and 600 grit abrasive paper. Surface roughness (R a ) as measured parallel (|) and perpendicular (+) to the direction of the polishing scratches and true profile length were measured. A knife-edge was applied (rate = 2.54 mm/min) at the bonding agent/amalgam interface of each sample until failure. Results . Coefficients of determination for mean bond strength vs. either surface roughness (R a ) or profile length were significantly higher for measurements in (|) directions than for those measurements in (+) directions. The shear bond strength to set amalgam for a PENTA-containing adhesives system (L.D. Caulk Division) was not significantly different from that of a PENTA-free adhesive (3M Dental Products Division), even though PENTA has been reported to increase bond strength to nonprecious metals. Significance . The shear bond strength of resin composite to amalgam is correlated to surface roughness when it is measured parallel to the polishing scratches. This correlation is significantly lower when surface roughness is measured in the typical manner, perpendicular to the polishing scratches.
Performance analysis of a dynamic QoS scheme in optical label-switched networks

In order to support the fast growing demand for transmission capacity, Optical Label Switching technology (OLS) seems to be a strong candidate because it allows fast switching capability and Quality of Service (QoS) support. One of the main aspects in OLS networks is the development of a QoS scheme that can efficiently handle QoS provision and resource utilization. OLS technology was made to support a static QoS model in which the service differentiation is defined based on the concept of priority. In this paper, we propose a novel QoS model using dynamic performance parameters. Our approach provides dynamic per-hop information of each traffic type in OLS core using two parameters: loss and delay, and redefines the fundamental functionality of an OLS core node including: an enhanced signaling, which handles lightpath establishment, and a novel contention resolution. A theoretical model is developed for evaluating the performance of the proposed model by means of a conservation law and a queuing network model. Finally, the performance of the proposed model is analyzed using simulation.
Strategic Choice In International Ventures: A Contingency Framework Integrating Standardization and Entry‐Mode Decisions

Strategy and marketing scholars look at strategic issues from different points of view and attempt to explain strategic choice and performance from their unique perspectives. This paper combines these perspectives in the context of international ventures and develops a conceptual framework integrating international marketing strategy decisions with entry mode decisions. The resulting contingency framework extends the hierarchical entry‐mode decision model and allows for a better specification of the strategy‐performance relationship in international business.
Phorbol ester-induced ventricular fibrillation in the Langendorff-perfused rabbit heart: antagonism by staurosporine and glibenclamide

Using a paced Lagendorff-perfused rabbit heart paradigm, we investigated the role of protein kinase C (PKC) in the development of ventricular fibrillation (VF) in hearts subjected to hypoxia (12 min) and re-oxygenation (40 min). We studied the effect of putative activators and inhibitors of PKC on the incidence of VF. Hearts exposed to 4 beta-phorbol,12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu), isophorbol or the membrane permeant diacylglycerol analog, 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-rac-glycerol (OAG), during the prehypoxic phase had an increased incidence of VF during the hypoxic and reoxygenation periods. The incidence of VF was 90%, 83% and 75% in hearts exposed to PDBu, isophorbol and OAG, respectively (P 0.05 vs control). PKC activators were profibrillatory at concentrations that did not affect cardiac function: neither left ventricular developed pressure nor coronary perfusion pressure were affected. The effect of PDBu was antagonized by staurosporine: the incidence of VF was 17% in PDBu+staurosporine treated hearts (P < 0.05 vs control). To further study the profibrillatory effect of PDBu, hearts were exposed to PDBu in the presence of the ATP-dependent potassium channel antagonist glibenclamide. The latter prevented PDBu-induced VF. The results show that under the conditions employed, PDBu-induced activation of PKC induces redistribution of PKC activity and is associated with the development of VF.
Investigation of InxGa1−xAs/GaAs strained quantum well structures grown on non-planar substrates by MOCVD

Abstract We have investigated the MOCVD growth of InGaAs/GaAs ( x ~ 18%) quantum well heterostructures on non-planar substrates. Studies were performed for etched mesas aligned parallel to [1⌽10] or [110] crystallographic directions. Distinctly different growth habits and layer characteristics were observed for growth on differently oriented patterns. For [1⌽10] oriented mesa stripes the relative growth rate on the mesa top compared to that on the facet side wall was found to vary with growth temperature, increasing from a value
Infective Endocarditis Due to Staphylococcus aureus: 59 Prospectively Identified Cases with Follow-up

Fifty-nine consecutive patients with definite Staphylococcus aureus infective endocarditis (IE) by the Duke criteria were prospectively identified at our hospital over a 3-year period. Twenty-seven (45.8%) of the 59 patients had hospital-acquired S. aureus bacteremia. The presumed source of infection was an intravascular device in 50.8% of patients. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) revealed evidence of IE in 20 patients (33.9%), whereas transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) revealed evidence of IE in 48 patients (81.4%). The outcome for patients was strongly associated with echocardiographic findings: 13 (68.4%) of 19 patients with vegetations visualized by TTE had an embolic event or died of their infection vs. five (16.7%) of 30 patients whose vegetations were visualized only by TEE (P < .01). Most patients with S. aureus IE developed their infection as a consequence of a nosocomial or intravascular device-related infection. TEE established the diagnosis of S. aureus IE in many instances when TTE was nondiagnostic. Visualization of vegetations by TTE may provide prognostic information for patients with S. aureus IE.
Cardioverter defibrillator: A useful or harmful parachute?

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a major cause of mortality in western countries with an incidence per year up to 450,000 in the United States and to 350,000 in Europe [1]. About 80% of SCD events are due to ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF) [2]. These events mostly occur in patients with structural heart disease, notably coronary heart disease (CHD) with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). In this particular context, the American Heart Association guidelines recommend the use of implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) for primary and secondary prevention [3]. In addition, clinical supervision is of key importance, especially in elderly patients, in whom comorbidities and polymedication can interfere with ICD activity.
Chemotherapy options and outcomes in older adult patients with colorectal cancer.

Abstract The majority of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) are ≥65 years of age, yet older patients with CRC remain under-represented in clinical trials. Older adult patients may be more likely than younger patients to experience chemotherapy-related toxicities due to factors such as existing comorbidities, incompatibility of chemotherapy with other medications, and age-related reduction in the detoxification and elimination potential of the liver and kidneys. However, the older patient group are a heterogeneous population. The available data on treatment of older patients with CRC indicate that fit older adult patients have the potential to derive the same benefit as do younger patients. A comprehensive geriatric assessment can help to identify patients most likely to benefit from standard treatment. In this review, we will evaluate the chemotherapy regimens investigated in older adult patients with CRC, and how the safety profiles and efficacy of chemotherapy in the older adult compare with those observed in younger patients.
NUMA MARKEE , Conversation analysis . Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2000. Pp. xv, 216. Pb $22.50.

Conversation analysis has opened up a new frontier for both Conversation Analysis (CA) and second-language acquisition (SLA). It is a gutsy and timely book. As a first endeavor of its kind, it ventures to apply an increasingly popular discourse analytic methodology to a field whose research has traditionally been governed by experimental paradigms. It also strikes an impressive balance between theoretical considerations and empirical analyses. The book begins with purely theoretical discussions on the larger issues that govern the two fields, then moves on to incorporate empirical data in illustrating the possibility of connecting them. The theory-to-practice continuum is completed by applying CA to two SLA-related collections of data. In a remarkable way, the author manages to become fully engaged in micro-analytic procedures without for a moment losing sight of the larger pictures that motivated these procedures.
Rejection sensitivity and adolescents' perceptions of romantic interactions.

Abstract Rejection sensitivity – the tendency to expect, perceive, and overreact to rejection by others – is linked with individuals' expectations that their romantic partners' behaviors have negative intent, even if, perhaps, such behaviors could be considered neutral when observed by another. The aim of the present study was to test this proposition, derived from rejection sensitivity theory, using a Video-Recall Procedure with adolescent couples in the US ( N = 386 adolescents, 50% girls). We examined whether adolescents who were more sensitive to rejection perceived their romantic partners' behaviors as more conflictual than when viewed by trained, third-party observers. Findings suggest that, at the micro-analytic level, higher rejection sensitivity is associated with adolescents' heightened perception of their romantic partners as conflictual when compared to observers, who more often coded the same behaviors as neutral rather than conflictual. Implications for adolescent mental health and well-being are discussed.
A Dispersive Model for Wave Propagation in Periodic Heterogeneous Media Based on Homogenization With Multiple Spatial and Temporal Scales

A dispersive model is developed for wave propagation in periodic heterogeneous media. The model is based on the higher order mathematical homogenization theory with multiple spatial and temporal scales. A fast spatial scale and a slow temporal scale are introduced to account for the rapid spatial fluctuations as well as to capture the long-term behavior of the homogenized solution. By this approach the problem of secularity, which arises in the conventional multiple-scale higher order homogenization of wave equations with oscillatory coefficients, is successfully resolved. A model initial boundary value problem is analytically solved and the results have been found to be in good agreement with a numerical solution of the source problem in a heterogeneous medium.
Randomization Beats Second Price as a Prior-Independent Auction

Designing revenue optimal auctions for selling an item to $n$ symmetric bidders is a fundamental problem in mechanism design. Myerson (1981) shows that the second price auction with an appropriate reserve price is optimal when bidders' values are drawn i.i.d. from a known regular distribution. A cornerstone in the prior-independent revenue maximization literature is a result by Bulow and Klemperer (1996) showing that the second price auction without a reserve achieves (n-1)/n of the optimal revenue in the worst case. We construct a randomized mechanism that strictly outperforms the second price auction in this setting. Our mechanism inflates the second highest bid with a probability that varies with $n$. For two bidders we improve the performance guarantee from 0.5 to 0.512 of the optimal revenue. We also resolve a question in the design of revenue optimal mechanisms that have access to a single sample from an unknown distribution. We show that a randomized mechanism strictly outperforms all deterministic mechanisms in terms of worst case guarantee.
Trypanosoma rhodesiense: Mitochondrial proteins of bloodstream and procyclic trypomastigotes

One- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of the solubilized mitochondrial proteins of bloodstream and procyclic trypomastigote Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and radiolabeling of proteins in the presence of cycloheximide were used to identify proteins synthesized in the trypanosome mitochondrion. The proteins which comprise the mitochondrion were found to be very similar in both bloodstream and procyclic trypomastigotes, but do differ in their level of synthesis. A protein putatively identified as subunit II of cytochrome oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1) was detected in mitochondria from both the procyclic and bloodstream organisms. The presence of this protein in bloodstream trypomastigotes and the overall similarity of protein content in the trypanosome mitochondria is noteworthy in view of the fact that bloodstream trypomastigotes have a repressed mitochondrion with no detectable tricarboxylic acid cycle or cytochrome electron transport chain.
A simple model for charge density wave dynamics

Abstract We have constructed a new theoretical model to describe charge density wave (CDW) dynamics in the linear chain conductors NbSe 3 , (TaSe 4 ) 2 I, K 0.3 MoO 3 , and related materials. Our picture is based upon a Ginzburg-Landau analysis of impurity interaction, which indicates that the CDW phase will be strongly pinned at each impurity site and that dc motion will proceed only by phase-slip. Contrary to the conventional wisdom, average phase correlation is maintained over regions much larger that the impurity volume n i − in the presence of strong pinning. Quantitative estimates for most measured properties can be readily obtained from the model; and these estimates are found to be in excellent agreement with experimental data covering virtually every aspect of CDW dynamics.
Exercise improves body fat, lean mass and bone mass in breast cancer survivors

Given the negative effects of a breast cancer diagnosis and its treatments on body weight and bone mass, we investigated the effects of a 6-month randomized controlled aerobic exercise intervention vs. usual care on body composition in breast cancer survivors. Secondary aims were to examine the effects stratified by important prognostic and physiologic variables. Seventy-five physically inactive postmenopausal breast cancer survivors were recruited through the Yale-New Haven Hospital Tumor Registry and randomly assigned to an exercise (n = 37) or usual care (n = 38) group. The exercise group participated in 150 min/week of supervised gym- and home-based moderate-intensity aerobic exercise. The usual care group was instructed to maintain their current physical activity level. Body composition was assessed at baseline and 6-months through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) by one radiologist blinded to the intervention group of the participants. On an average, exercisers increased moderate-intensity aerobic exercise by 129 min/week over and above baseline levels compared with 45 min/week among usual care participants (P < 0.001). Exercisers experienced decreases in percent body fat (P = 0.0022) and increases in lean mass (P = 0.047) compared with increases in body fat and decreases in lean mass in usual care participants. Bone mineral density (BMD) was also maintained among exercisers compared with a loss among usual care participants (P = 0.043). In summary, moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, such as brisk walking, produces favorable changes in body composition that may improve breast cancer prognosis.
Optical readout components for the ZEUS barrel calorimeter

Abstract The design, construction and testing of the optical components of the ZEUS barrel calorimeter are described.
A simple environmentally friendly, and chemically specific method for the identification and evaluation of the alkali-silica reaction

Abstract A rapid, dual staining method is described whereby reaction products associated with the alkali-silica reaction (ASR) are readily identified by their pink or yellow color following treatment in the laboratory or field. The method is based on both the compositional and physical characteristics of the ASR gel; hence, it provides greater information than non-chemical-specific techniques (such as the uranyl acetate method). In addition, the chemicals used in the staining method pose minimal health risks and are environmentally benign.
Substitution of cysteine for selenocysteine in type I iodothyronine deiodinase reduces the catalytic efficiency of the protein but enhances its translation.

Type I iodothyronine 5' deiodinase (5'DI) contains selenocysteine, encoded by a UGA codon, and this amino acid is essential for maximum catalytic efficiency in this enzyme. We recently showed that translation of UGA as selenocysteine in this protein requires a specific sequence of about 250 nucleotides in the 3' untranslated region of the messenger RNA. Translation of a 5'DI cysteine mutant does not require the 3' untranslated region. To examine both the efficiency of UGA codon recognition and the relative catalytic efficiency of selenocysteine vs. cysteine in 5'DI, we used bromoacetyl 125I-T3 labeling to quantitate transiently expressed selenocysteine (wild type) and cysteine containing type I iodothyronine deiodinases in transfected COS-7 and JEG-3 cell lines. Kinetic analyses of the same cell sonicates were performed to determine the apparent maximum velocity and Michaelis-Menten constant values for reverse T3 5' deiodination. COS-7 cells express the cysteine mutant protein at about 20-fold and JEG-3 c...
The formation of the sex glands and germ cells of mammals. IV. Continuous origin and degeneration of germ cells in the female albino rat

The current view in mammals is that ova are formed in the embryo in large numbers and stored in the ovary as a reserve to be drawn on through adult life; they may persist for long periods ina latent condition, a few resuming active development at each recurring oestrous period; new ova are not and cannot be added. An alternative hypothesis has been presented by several authors: New ova are formed throughout life, from the embryonic period through the time of sexual maturity; each ovum so produced must at once begin its growth and development of die; long latency of oocytes and primary follicles is not possible and does not occur. There is a constant degeneration of most follicles, and only a few come to ovulation. A study of the albino rat presents evidence which is consistent with the second view and supports it more strongly that it does the older hypothesis. Similar evidence is found in other mammals. It seems probable that the newer hypothesis is the correct one, at least in some mammals; further investigation may show it to be of general application.
Methylmercury poisoning in Iraq. An epidemiological study of the 1971—1972 outbreak

Following the Iraq methylmercury poisoning epidemic in 1971-72, surveys were conducted on selected rural populations to determine the extent of exposure to methylmercury. It was calculated that 40% of those receiving treated grain will have consumed it. Study of death registries in three provincial capitals and their Qada centers reveals that, in the year November 1971 to October 1972, more deaths occurred than in the corresponding period of other years. These deaths were in addition to the 459 deaths which occurred in hospitals. Deaths for the 1-10 and 11-20 year age groups during the year 1971-72 were four-fold higher than the mean of the two preceding and two following years. However, when adjusted for the age distribution of the population, no one age group had a statistically significant higher incidence of poisoning. Registered live births decreased in 1973, the year following the epidemic, but, at the present time, there is not sufficient information to know the significance of this decrease.
Transport properties of bean vesicles in the presence of fungal components

Abstract Sealed membrane vesicles were isolated from hypocotyls of two varieties of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). The preparations were shown to contain vesicles in which H+ transport and ATPase were sensitive to nitrate but insensitive to vanadate. These sensitivities suggest the vesicles were enriched for tonoplast. Fractions prepared from the α and β races of the fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum inhibited H+ transport in the vesicles isolated from cvs. Dark Red Kidney and Great Northern bean tissue. These data are discussed in terms of the biochemical mechanisms operating in plant/pathogen interactions.
Hirschsprung disease in a 46,XY phenotypic infant girl with Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome

PED. La maladie de Hirschsprung a ete mise en evidence a l'autopsie de la fillette decedee a l'âge de 7 semaines. Le deces etait du a une rupture de l'appendice avec infection a Escherichia coli et peritonite
The image curve of the planet in a spherical epicyclic gear train

This paper uses the Euler parameters of the motion of the planet of a spherical epicyclic gear train to obtain a curve on the surface of a hypersphere in four dimensions. This curve, called the image curve, represents the rotational motion of the planet as it rolls without slipping on the fixed gear. Two image curves are obtained for two different choices of moving and fixed reference frames and it is shown that they are related by an orthogonal transformation in four dimensional space. The differential properties of the image curve are computed and it is found that the curvature and torsion are constant. A reference position is chosen and the canonical frame and instantaneous invariants of the motion are determined in terms of the dimensions of the gear train.
Liver Regeneration in Rats Exposed to Simulated Changes in Gravity

SummaryPartial hepatectomies were performed on 7-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats that were subsequently centrifuged at 2.5 g or 4.7 g and sacrificed at various postoperative time intervals. No liver regeneration as measured by the mitotic index was noted in rats centrifuged at 2.5 g, 24 hours after operation; at this time period the control rats at normal gravity showed initiation of mitotic activity. At the 28-hour period, regeneration at 2.5 g was noted but the value was significantly lower than that of controls. The initiation of mitosis was delayed even longer in the group of animals that was centrifuged at 4.7 g.To study the effects on liver regeneration of a decrease in gravity, 3-week-old weanling rats were centrifuged for 4 weeks at 4.7 g, removed from the centrifuge, hepatectomized, and sacrificed 24, 28, and 36 hours after partial hepatectomy. Greater mitotic activity was observed in the 4.7 g-conditioned rats than in the rats not exposed to centrifugation during all 3 postoperative time perio...
Sexual Harassment in Sport Perceptions and Experiences of American Female Student-Athletes

Sexual harassment at institutions of higher learning is not a new phenomenon, but discussions of this problem in the sporting arena and in related research are still scarce. Most studies have focused on student-instructor relationships, while few analyses have analysed coach-athlete relationships. This study examines American female college athletes' experiences with, and emotional responses to, sexual harassment in sport by coaches. The findings clearly demonstrate that the athletic world does not differ with regard to occurrences of sexual harassment compared to other social domains. Thus, in order to guarantee a safe learning environment in athletics for all participants, it is necessary to formulate clear guidelines, set up educational workshops and implement intervention programs.
Development of an on-time logger for irrigation systems

Abstract An inexpensive micro-processor and pressure switch ($125) were developed by Washington State University’s (WSU) Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center (IAREC) to log the on-times of irrigation systems. The purpose of the on-time logger was to provide better information on how irrigators respond to new irrigation management techniques and to document the water/electricity savings from improved “on-farm” irrigation practices. This on-time logger was tested by installing two loggers each at two on-farm sites where irrigation controllers opened valves for predetermined operation times. At the Prosser test site, both loggers monitored the controller-designated operation times with an average ratio of 1.0 (logger on-time to controller operation time). However, at the Outlook site, both loggers recorded on-times longer than the controller operation time with ratios of 1.1 and 1.24. At the Outlook site, the loggers were located at the end of irrigation laterals that were located at the bottom of a steep hill. In addition, the sprinkler heads were located on tall risers for apple cooling. Therefore, the pressure switches did not open immediately after the zone valves were closed because water in the pipes kept pressure on the switch until sufficient drainage could occur. On-time loggers can be successfully used to monitor the impact of on-farm irrigation improvements, but care needs to be taken to set the switch tripping pressure in accordance with the irrigation system’s configuration.