cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High-efficiency lithium isotope separation in an electrochemical system with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, and diethyl carbonate as the solvents

Abstract Traditional Li isotope separation methods such as the column exchange process are environmentally hazardous because of the mercury involved. In this research, a high-efficiency Li isotope separation technique with a separation coefficient of 1.054 was developed based on the diffusion and migration of Li isotopes in various solvents. In many solutions, the difference in the diffusion coefficient is small; therefore, the separation effect is not satisfactory. However, due to their unique physical and chemical properties, ionic liquids such as 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide and 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and some organic solvents such as diethyl carbonate show higher differences in Li isotope diffusion coefficients and mobilities, hence they can be used to achieve the efficient separation of Li isotopes. The isotope separation with four Li salts (LiBF4, LiCl, LiBr, and LiI) in the three solvents was investigated utilizing these differences. The results show that some Li salts can achieve excellent separation effect in ionic liquids and organic solvents. The corresponding model simulation results also show that the separation effect increases with the increase of the diffusion coefficient difference, and the higher separation coefficient may be realized by searching for the solvent with more differences in the Li isotope diffusion coefficients and mobilities.
Effect of untreated coal waste as fine and coarse aggregates replacement on the properties of steel and polypropylene fibres reinforced concrete

Abstract This study aims to find a useful solution to reduce the negative influences of untreated coal waste (UCW) on the ecosystem of the region. UCW could however be identified as a practical solution in producing concrete aggregates. A total of 69 concrete mix designs with different contents of untreated coal waste as aggregates are prepared and slump, compressive and splitting tensile strength, flexural resistance, dry unit weight, the elastic modulus, water absorption and the electric resistivity of concrete are measured. In order to measure the influence of UCW as a partial replacement of natural coarse aggregates (NCA) and natural fine aggregates (NFA) on the properties of concrete, mixtures are cast in two groups. In the first group, NCA are substituted with untreated coal coarse aggregates (UCCA) at seven replacement contents: 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% (in term of mass). In the second group, NFA are replaced by untreated coal coarse aggregates (UCFA) at seven mass replacement values: 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30%. Also, steel fibres (SF) and polypropylene fibres (PPF) are added to concrete mixtures at three contents: 0%, 1% and 2% (in term of volume) to reduce the negative influence of high replacement contents of UCFA and UCCA on both fresh and hardened characteristics of concrete. The results revealed that fibres considerably improve the compressive, tensile and flexural strength of concrete, and 10% of NCA or NFA could be substituted by UCCA and UCFA when 2% fibres (SF or PPF) are used with no reduction in the mechanical performance of concrete.
Determinants of a Digital Divide Among Able-Bodied Older Adults: Does “Feeling Too Old” Play a Role?”

While younger adults have embraced internet technology, older adults have lagged behind in internet adoption. An age-based digital divide has developed globally. This is a concern because digital literacy is becoming an essential, rather than an optional, skill. This paper investigates the reasons why some able-bodied older adults with access to the internet choose not to use the internet. Previous studies of the age-based digital divide have identified income and education, and perceived need, as factors that influence internet use. This paper adds to knowledge on the age-based digital divide by studying the internet behavior of able-bodied older adults with internet access (rather than all older adults) and by investigating the association between “feeling too old to use the internet” and the internet use decision. This paper offers suggestions for bridging the age-based digital divide and discusses whether this divide will continue as younger adults, who are digital natives, become older adults.
Higher biologically effective dose is associated with improved survival in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy.

Abstract Background Multiple studies have suggested that patients with early-stage SCC of the lung treated with SBRT are more susceptible to local failure compared to other NSCLC histologies. It is unknown if higher BED leads to improved outcomes in this patient population. We evaluated the effect of “high” BED versus “low” BED SBRT on overall survival (OS) in SCC and non-SCC NSCLC patients. Methods The National Cancer Database was used to identify patients with cT1-2N0M0 NSCLC diagnosed between 2006–2016 treated with 3–5 fraction SBRT. Patients were grouped by BEDhigh (>150 Gy) and BEDlow (≤132 Gy). Univariate and multivariable analysis using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression modeling were performed. Propensity-score matched analysis with inverse probability of treatment (IPTW) weighting was used to account for selection bias. Results We identified 4,717 eligible SCC patients and 8,807 eligible non-SCC NSCLC patients. In SCC patients, BEDhigh was associated with improved OS in both univariate and multivariate analysis (MVA HR 0.84 95% CI 0.76–0.92, p Conclusions Our analysis suggests that in patients with early-stage NSCLC, SBRT regimens with BED > 150 Gy may confer a survival benefit in patients with SCC histology. Histology-based dose modification should be considered, and prospective validation may be warranted.
Examining the Usability of the Annual Comprehensive Financial Report’s MD&A using Textual Analytics

[This research collected the Comprehensive Annual Financial Report (CAFR) of different municipalities within New York State and analyzed the usability of the Management's Discussion and Analysis (MD&A) using textual analysis method. Considering the previous studies of the listed company MD&A section and the evaluation of the usability of financial information, this study measures the usability of the CAFRs from the perspectives of timeliness, readability and usefulness. The results show that the usability of CAFR’s MD&A is very low, due to the length of issue period, its difficulty for the public to understand as well as their similarity from year to year. We suggest the municipalities increase the usability of their Reports by including a more detailed discussion and in-depth analysis in the MD&A. Most importantly, we suggest that municipalities provide machine-readable financial information to the public. Abstract Body]
Association of retinal atrophy with cortical lesions and leptomeningeal enhancement in multiple sclerosis on 7T MRI

Background:Retinal atrophy in multiple sclerosis (MS) as measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) correlates with demyelinating lesions and brain atrophy, but its relationship with cortical l...
Perceptions of neighborhood change in a Latinx transit corridor

Abstract Understanding how nearby residents feel about transit-induced neighborhood change remains understudied despite growing concerns over displacement and gentrification. This study analyzed 329 surveys of resident perceptions of neighborhood change and associated development near an existing commuter rail station and a planned streetcar route in Santa Ana, California, a largely low-income, Latinx community. We found residents were on average satisfied with neighborhood access to transport and amenities, and that higher neighborhood satisfaction was associated with a more positive assessment of development and neighborhood change. Living near the streetcar route was associated with more negative assessments of change, reflecting residents of these areas had heightened concerns about housing costs, displacement, and parking. Results provide planners with insights regarding support for and concerns about transit-induced neighborhood changes that can help foster more equitable and responsive development processes and outcomes.
Online Comment Sections: Does Taking Them Down Enhance or Hurt Dialogue in a Democracy?

Interaction is the cornerstone of the online world. Most Americans converse with known and unknown others online every day, on social media sites, blogs, and after stories on news sites. While many...
RNA in formation and regulation of transcriptional condensates.

Macrosopic membraneless organelles containing RNA such as the nucleoli, germ granules and the Cajal body have been known for decades. These biomolecular condensates are liquid-like bodies that can form by a phase transition. Recent evidence has revealed the presence of similar microscopic condensates associated with transcription of genes. This brief article summarizes thoughts about the importance of condensates in regulation of transcription and how RNA molecules, as components of such condensates, control the synthesis of RNA. Models and experimental data suggest that RNAs from enhancers facilitate the formation of a condensate that stabilizes the binding of transcription factors and accounts for a burst of transcription at the promoter. Termination of this burst is pictured as a non-equilibrium feedback loop where additional RNA destabilizes the condensate.
Cholesterol and Ion Channels

A variety of ion channels, including members of all major ion channel families, have been shown to be regulated by changes in the level of membrane cholesterol and partition into cholesterol-rich membrane domains. In general, several types of cholesterol effects have been described. The most common effect is suppression of channel activity by an increase in membrane cholesterol, an effect that was described for several types of inwardly-rectifying K+ channels, voltage-gated K+ channels, Ca+2 sensitive K+ channels, voltage-gated Na+ channels, N-type voltage-gated Ca+2 channels and volume-regulated anion channels. In contrast, several types of ion channels, such as epithelial amiloride-sensitive Na+ channels and Transient Receptor Potential channels, as well as some of the types of inwardly-rectifying and voltage-gated K+ channels were shown to be inhibited by cholesterol depletion. Cholesterol was also shown to alter the kinetic properties and current-voltage dependence of several voltage-gated channels. Finally, maintaining membrane cholesterol level is required for coupling ion channels to signalling cascades. In terms of the mechanisms, three general mechanisms have been proposed: (i) specific interactions between cholesterol and the channel protein, (ii) changes in the physical properties of the membrane bilayer and (iii) maintaining the scaffolds for protein-protein interactions. The goal of this review is to describe systematically the role of cholesterol in regulation of the major types of ion channels and to discuss these effects in the context of the models proposed.
A Literary History of Women's Writing in Britain, 1660–1789: Women as members of the literary family, 1737–1756

TEXTS 1739–62 (written) Eliza Lucas Pinckney. Letterbook 1744 [Mary Collyer]. Felicia to Charlotte. Being Letters from a Young Lady in the Country, to her Friend in Town … 1744 [Sarah Fielding]. The Adventures of David Simple: Containing An Account of his Travels Through the Cities of London and Westminster, In the Search of a Real Friend . 2 volumes 1748 Mary Leapor. Poems upon Several Occasions 1748 (Dublin). Laetitia Pilkington. The Memoirs of Mrs. Laetitia Pilkington, Wife to the Rev. Mr. Matth. Pilkington. Written by Herself … 2 volumes 1748 An Apology for the Conduct of Mrs. Teresia Constantia Phillips … 3 vols. 1749 [Mary Collyer]. Letters from Felicia to Charlotte. Volume the Second 1749 Sarah Fielding. The Governess: or, Little Female Academy, Being the History of Mrs. Teachum, and her Nine Girls, With their Nine Days Amusement: Calculated for the Entertainment and Instruction of Young Ladies in their Education 1751 Mary Leapor. Poems upon Several Occasions. By the Late Mrs. Leapor 1751 [Frances Anne Holles Vane, Lady Vane]. “Memoirs of a Lady of Quality” 1752 [Charlotte Lennox]. The Female Quixote; or, The Adventures of Arabella . 2 volumes 1753 [Sarah Fielding]. The Adventures of David Simple. Volume the Last, In which his History is Concluded 1755 Charlotte Charke. A Narrative of the Life of Mrs. Charlotte Charke: youngest Daughter of Colley Cibber, Esq., Written by Herself 1756 [Eliza Haywood]. The Wife. By Mira, one of the Authors of the Female Spectator, and Epistles for Ladies 1756 [Eliza Haywood]. The Husband. In Answer to the Wife
Evolutionary aspects of sleep and its REM and NREM states

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the evolutionary aspects of sleep and its rapid-eye-movement (REM) and non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) states. The neural adaptation of circuit multifunctionality confer great efficiency of brain function at early stages of evolution, in animals that lead relatively simple lives with few needs for long-term memories, such as many “lower” invertebrates. As more complex lifestyles and detailed focal vision evolved, needs for self-initiated and reflexive activities increased, and recognition of many locales, conspecifics, and other forms of life became essential. These developments are accompanied by greatly expanded needs for neural processing supporting sensory and motor activities, and establishing and storing long-term memories. Because these categories of neural processing occur largely in shared regions, brain functioning would have become increasingly maladaptive had the evolution of these more complex lifestyles not been accompanied by the evolution of compensating adaptations. In this treatment, the utility of an evolutionary approach has been illustrated—always seeking and mindful of differential adaptedness and underlying selective pressures—to guide research into the origin and functions of sleep and its REM and NREM states.
Chapter 61 Management of subarachnoid hemorrhage, unruptured cerebral aneurysms, and arteriovenous malformations

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the key aspects of management once a subarachnoid hemorrhage has occurred, as well as recommendations regarding unruptured cerebral aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations. One of the keys to management is prevention of the hemorrhage before it occurs, and thus recognition and treatment of predisposing conditions, such as hypertension, smoking, or unruptured aneurysms or arteriovenous malformations is essential. In the acute setting, patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage may be medically unstable, and particular attention should be given to ensuring airway protection and hemodynamic stability. Patients with a higher clinical grade may have a depressed level of consciousness and may require intubation and mechanical ventilation. The potentially dangerous situation that arises for the subarachnoid hemorrhage patient is cerebral vasospasm.
High-k metal gate-bounded Silicon Controlled Rectifier for ESD protection

An ultra-low trigger gate-bounded SCR using a high-k metal gate process is proposed, which has a superb immunity to protect thin oxide against CDM-like stresses without a resistor in series. This cell is fast triggered by the channel current injection and can meet the low leakage and capacitance requirements for highspeed I/O circuits.
Window Glass Failures in Windstorms

Documentations of windstorm induced damage to buildings have revealed patterns of failures in glass which suggest that two phenomena are at work: local wind pressures and windborne missiles. Analysis of damage to glass indicate that these two phenomena account for a large portion of the recorded damage. Phenomena associated with wind flow around multistory buildings produce relatively large surface pressure fluctuations on building surfaces. The mean pressures produced by these fluctuations may reach values which are twice as large as windward wall stagnation pressures. Air flow over gravel surfaced roofs in urban areas has been shown to produce windborne missiles which can break windows in adjacent buildings. This phenomenon is a significant factor in many window breakage incidents. Both local wind pressures and hazards associated with windborne missiles must be recognized by the building designer if the increasing window failure rate is to be mitigated.
DC Motor Energetics in Redundant Manipulators With Application to Walking Robots

Understanding electrical energy consumption in a robotic system leads to the ability to minimize energy consumption for a given task. This is particularly important for mobile robots and redundant manipulators where extended operating times and non-optimized movement patterns lead to increased operating costs. However, current research shows conflicting formulas for predicting energy consumption in robotic joints driven by DC motors, specifically when negative work is involved. A breakdown of energy consumption for DC motors is introduced with respect to different operating states and phases of positive and negative work. Additionally, the energy consumption of a two degree of freedom manipulator is simulated and verified experimentally. The same task — lowering the manipulator from point a to b in a vertical line — is completed in both elbow up and elbow down configurations to illustrate the difference in energy consumption during a task that consists of mostly negative work. Finally, this energy expenditure equation is extended to a multi degree of freedom simulated humanoid robot to demonstrate validity and generality.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
MITOCHONDRIAL GENES IN DEGENERATIVE DISEASE AND AGING

MITOCHONDRIAL PHYSIOLOGY. One of the primary functions of the mitochondrion is the generation of cellular energy by the process oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). OXPHOS encompasses the electron transport chain (ETC) consisting of NADH dehydrogenase (complex I), succinate dehydrogenase (complex II), the bc1 complex (complex III) and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV). Oxidation of NADH or succinate by the ETC generates an electrochemical gradient (∆ψ) across the mitochondrial inner membrane, which is utilized by the ATP synthase (complex V) to synthesis ATP. This ATP is exchanged for cytosolic ADP by the adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT). Inhibition of the ETC results in the accumulation of electrons in the beginning of the ETC, where they can be transferred directly to O2 to give superoxide anion (O2). Mitochondrial O2 is converted to H2O2 by Mn superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), and H2O2 is converted to H2O by glutathione peroxidase (GPx1). The mitochondria are also the primary decision point for initiating apoptosis. This is mediated by the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mtPTP), which couples the ANT in the inner membrane with porin (VDAC) in the outer membrane to the pro-apoptic Bax and anti-apoptic Bcl2. Increased mitochondrial Ca or ROS and/or decreased ∆ψ or ATP tend to activate the mtPTP an initiate apoptosis (1).
Chinese brands: the build or buy considerations

This paper discusses the strategic motives, the markets entered, the methods used and the challenges faced by Chinese companies building their own brand or buying one to expand globally. We present a regression model enabling the analysis of recent Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) activities and the successes and failures between the Chinese and foreign target companies. The developed model considers the strategic motives to globalise, the type of country and acquisition. By using the Monte Carlo resampling methods, we can draw conclusions about the probability of success of the outbound M&A success. Our results show that brand-motivated acquisitions are more likely to be completed than resource-based acquisitions both in developed and developing markets. Our research found that all branding related acquisitions are in developed countries. However, the numbers of resource based acquisitions were evenly split between developing and developed countries, where in the developed countries, they were more likely to fail than in the developing ones. Nationalistic sentiments seem to be heightened by these resource-based acquisitions and were much more common in developed countries than in developing ones. It also seems that Chinese companies build brand recognition in developed countries by buying readily established brand names and are more likely to build their own brand in developing countries.
Neutrophil elastase mutations in cyclic hematopoiesis, congenital neutropenia, and leukemia alter proteolytic specificity

Abstract We have previously identified mutations in the ELA2 gene, encoding neutrophil elastase, a serine protease of neutrophil granules, as the hereditary cause of cyclic hematopoiesis (CH) and severe congenital neutropenia (SCN). CH is an autosomal dominant human disease in which neutrophils and monocytes sinusoidally oscillate in opposite phase with 21 day frequency. SCN is a genetically heterogeneous human disorder typified by a promyelocytic arrest in the bone marrow, with severe peripheral neutropenia. Both diseases lead to opportunistic infection and an increased risk for acute myelogenous leukemia. Genetic linkage analysis was used to map the locus for CH to chromosome 19pter and heterozygous mutations were identified in ELA2 by positional cloning. As a candidate gene, mutations in ELA2 were also identified in most cases of SCN. From a total of 24 unique mutations in ELA2 detected among 41 different patients (7 mutations causing CH, 15 associated with SCN, 2 found in both patient populations, and 5 mutations occurring in individuals developing leukemia), we have now investigated the biochemical properties and intracellular processing of the mutant elastase protein through in vitro expression in cultured hematopoietic cells. We find that the mutations appear to be normally processed and routed to granules, collectively diminish activity toward the native substrate, and demonstrate a proclivity for alternate peptide substrates. We conclude that change of specificity mutations in a granule protease may be the basis for the spectrum of hereditary neutropenic and leukemic disorders in the “ela-opathies”.
Grouped conductor surface voltage gradients

GROUPED CONDUCTORS, two or more parallel conductors per phase, have properties which allow their use in a-c power transmission at higher voltages, including: lower surface voltage gradient, directly contributing to lower corona losses; lower inductive reactance; higher capacitive susceptance. To determine by analytical methods the degree grouped conductors affect the conductor surface voltage gradients is the aim of this article. The calculated values of voltage gradients can be used to guide tests on corona losses.
On some questions on Borel 1 selections

In this paper we continue to investigate conditions under which a multifunction φ:X→2 Y admits a Borel 1 selection (see [2]).
Point-of-care testing: is faster better?

Does the faster turnaround time for point-of-care testing (POCT) lead to better outcomes? Do the benefits justify the usually higher reagent costs and the expense and complexity of regulatory compliance? The answer, after 20 years of investigation, is an unequivocal “It depends.” It depends on the analyte and the testing device, on the reasons for testing, and on the setting of the testing, among other variables.1–3 POCT has proven most beneficial in situations where more rapid institution of appropriate management can limit ongoing damage and produce better medical outcomes. Improved operational efficiency is a potential outcome and can also lead to lower costs, especially if it results in decreased length of stay in high-expense facilities such as emergency departments, intensive care units, and operating rooms. These theoretical benefits have been achieved only sometimes in actual practice.4–6 Improvements in satisfaction, both for patients and for providers, have been less investigated. …
Transmission properties of hollow glass waveguides

IR transmitting hollow waveguides are an attractive alterative to solid-core IR fibers. Hollow waveguides are made from silica glass or plastic tubing which has highly reflective coatings deposited on the inside surface. These guides have losses as low as 0.1 dB/m at 10.6 micrometer and may be bent to radii less than 5 cm. For laser-power delivery applications the hollow glass guides have been shown to be capable of transmitting up to 1 kW of CO2 laser power. In some power delivery applications it is necessary to have a distal tip configured to bend and/or concentrate the light for more efficient ablation. Curved tips (2 cm in length) are shown to increase the loss of a 1-m long straight guide from 22 to 34%. New research is described on the fabrication of coherent hollow glass bundles for IR imaging. The number of guides in the bundle is currently less than 20 but the results indicate that the hollow bundle can be coated to achieve an identical spectral response for each individual guide.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
SPIN DYNAMICS AND DIMENSIONALITY IN DILUTED MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS

A parallel set of two low-temperature optical experiments are performed to explore the connection between magnetic and electronic properties in Cd1-xMnxTe diluted magnetic semiconductor quantum structures. Using a combination of integrated DC SQUIDs and ultrafast optical techniques, dynamical measurements reveal the magnetic manifestations of carrier scattering and localization in quantum wells. These magnetic spectroscopy studies show entirely different time scales for magnetic interactions as compared to electronic spin behavior, and are seen to persist long after the carriers have disappeared from the system. In addition, femtosecond spin-polarized luminescence experiments record unexpectedly rapid electronic spin scattering of charge carriers (<150 fs) with a dramatic dependence of these times on the dimensionality.
Satellite cells of growing turkeys: Influence of donor age and sex on proliferation and differentiation in vitro

Proliferation and differentiation (fusion) of myogenic satellite cells isolated from Nicholas tom and hen turkeys at 3, 9, and 15 weeks of age and the response of a satellite cell clone to serum from these birds were examined. Responsiveness of satellite cells to culture conditions was proportional to donor age, and sex of bird had no effect on satellite cell proliferation. Fusion percentages were similar in all cultures. When a turkey satellite cell clone was exposed to serum from tom and hen turkeys at each age, an age-related decline in proliferation occurred with serum from hen but not from tom turkeys. Minimal cell fusion occurred in turkey serum and neither proliferation nor fusion was correlated with serum IGF-I levels. Cells derived from pectoralis major and anterior latissimus dorsi muscles of 15-week-old tom turkeys possessed similar proliferation and fusion properties in vitro. It appears that satellite cells retain a high proliferative activity throughout growth in turkeys, and the mitogenic properties of turkey serum may be evaluated using turkey satellite cells in culture.
Interaction: The Work Women Do

The oppression of women in society is an issue of growing concern, both in academic fields and everyday life. Despite research on the historical and economic basis of women’s position, we know little about how hierarchy is routinely established and maintained. This chapter attempts to direct attention to the reality of power in daily experience. It is an analysis of conversations between men and women in their homes. The chapter focuses on how verbal interaction helps to construct and maintain the hierarchical relations between women and men.
miRNAs: roles and clinical applications in vascular disease

miRNAs are small, endogenously expressed noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression, mainly at the post-transcriptional level, via degradation or translational inhibition of their target mRNAs. Functionally, an individual miRNA can regulate the expression of multiple target genes. The study of miRNAs is rapidly growing and recent studies have revealed a significant role of miRNAs in vascular biology and disease. Many miRNAs are highly expressed in the vasculature, and their expression is dysregulated in diseased vessels. Several miRNAs have been found to be critical modulators of vascular pathologies, such as atherosclerosis, lipoprotein metabolism, inflammation, arterial remodeling, angiogenesis, smooth muscle cell regeneration, hypertension, apoptosis, neointimal hyperplasia and signal transduction pathways. Thus, miRNAs may serve as novel biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets for vascular disease. This article summarizes the current studies related to the disease correlations and functional roles of miRNAs in the vascular system and discusses the potential applications of miRNAs in vascular disease.
Synthesis and assembly of BaWO4 nanorods

Uniform, large aspect-ratio, monocrystalline BaWO4 nanorods were synthesized using a reversed micelle templating method; novel nanorod superstructures were observed in both as-made materials and Langmuir–Blodgett monolayer assemblies.
Variability and Prediction of Measurement Error in Kolb’s Learning Style Inventory Scores a Reliability Generalization Study

The Learning Style Inventory (LSI) is a commonly employed measure of learning styles based on Kolb’s Experiential Learning Model. Nevertheless, the psychometric soundness of LSI scores has historically been critiqued. The present article extends this critique by conducting a reliability generalization study across studies and versions of the test. Results indicated that internal consistency and test-retest reliabilities for LSI scores fluctuate considerably and contribute to deleterious cumulative measurement error. Reliability variation was predictable by test version and several study features.
Virulence and coagulases of Staphylococcus aureus.

SummaryThree mutants were isolated from a single strain of Staphylococcus aureus of known virulence for rabbits. Two mutants, one lacking the soluble type of coagulase and the other lacking the bound type of coagulase, were still virulent for rabbits. The third mutant which produced both kinds of coagulase had lost its virulence for rabbits.
Podcast Pilots for Distance Planning, Programming, and Development

This paper examines podcasting as a library support for distance learning and information systems and services. The manuscript provides perspective on the knowledge base in the growing area of podcasting in libraries and academia. A walkthrough of the podcast creation and distribution process using basic computing skills and open source tools is narrated. Challenges to the process and guidelines for increased chances of success are presented using an example framework of a do-it-yourself podcast pilot created for an academic library course. Finally, some implications are discussed for podcast systems as a distance learning aid in support of the Guidelines for Distance Learning Library Services.
Comparison of leed and auger data from cleaved and sputtered-annealed InP(110) surfaces

Abstract Comparison is made between Auger and LEED data recorded from cleaved and polished-sputtered-annealed InP(110) surfaces. The qualitative Auger analysis indicates that the sputtered-annealed surface does not quite reach stoichiometry and that LEED measurements are made from a surface presenting an In rich composition. The LEED measurements taken from the two surfaces are compared and found essentially similar, proving that the atomic reconstruction of the ordered portions of the two surfaces are identical. A short description is given of the structure model found by single and multiple scattering computations.
Nonseptic cerebral emboli of cardiac origin.

• There Is considerable debate regarding immediate anticoagulation with heparin sodium for patients suspected of having acute cerebral embolism from a cardiac source. We studied 60 consecutive hospitalized patients suspected of having a nonseptic cardiogenic cerebral embolism who, with one exception, were treated with immediate full-dose anticoagulation. None of the patients had progression of their neurologic deficits secondary to intracranial hemorrhage or recurrent embolism, and there were no deaths secondary to anticoagulant therapy. One patient had punctate hemorrhages in the area of infarction, but remained clinically stable. In light of our experience and a review of the literature, we conclude that immediate anticoagulation is judiciously safe in selected patients after nonseptic embolic stroke of cardiac origin, provided early cranial computed tomography fails to demonstrate hemorrhagic infarction. ( Arch intern Med 1984;144:1997-1999)
Classical dynamics of vibrational transfer in Li2A1Σu+-Ne collisions

Abstract Classical trajectory calculations on an ab initio potential surface for the Li 2 A 1 Σ u + -Ne system show that vibrationally inelastic collisions at low reagent excitation are dominated by impacts of the atom with the side of the molecule. As molecular excitation increases, impacts nearer the end of the molecule increase in importance. The two classes of collisions are clearly distinguishable in computed velocity-dependent cross sections, and should be observable in some cases as a bimodal angular momentum distribution in velocity-averaged rate constants. We discuss experimental data in light of these observations and suggest measurements that should clearly display evidence of the two mechanisms.
Klinefelter syndrome: how, what, and why?

Klinefelter syndrome is commonly encountered by the physician dealing with male infertility. Despite the success of sperm retrieval and ICSI, there remain many areas of controversy about the mechanisms and natural history of spermatogenesis, as well as the appropriate management of these patients. This collection of articles provides a state of the art review of what is known and what is unknown about this syndrome and reports a variety of managment approaches to these patients.
Polyimide Nanofoams For Low Dielectric Applications

Foamed polyimides have been developed in order to obtain thin film dielectric layers with very low dielectric constants for use in microelectronic devices. In these systems the pore sizes are in the nanometer range, thus, the term “nanofoam”. The polyimide foams are prepared from block copolymers consisting of thermally stable and thermally labile blocks, the latter being the dispersed phase. Foam formation is effected by thermolysis of the thermally labile block leaving pores the size and shape corresponding to the initial copolymer morphology. Nanofoams prepared from a number of polyimides as matrix materials, were investigated as well as a number of thermally labile polymers. The foams were characterized by a variety of experiments including, TEM, SAXS, WAXD, DMTA, density measurements, refractive index measurements and dielectric constant measurements. Thin film foams, with high thermal stability and dielectric constants approaching 2.0, can be prepared using the copolymer/nanofoam approach.
Reduced brain injury in CD18-deficient mice after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage

Many studies have indicated leukocytes are a major contributor to brain injuries caused by intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Leukocyte-expressed CD18 is important for neutrophil-endothelial interactions in the vasculature, and CD18 deficiency protects against ischemia-reperfusion injury. We investigated whether CD18 deficiency provides protection against ICH-induced brain injury. Male wild-type (WT) CD18(+/+) mice and CD18(-/-) -knockout mice were used in this study. ICH was induced by a collagenase injection. Mortality, neurological function, brain edema, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity as well as tissue expression of nitrotyrosine and MPO were evaluated 24 hr after ICH. We discovered significantly reduced brain edema and diminished mortality with a concomitant decrease in MPO and nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity in brains of CD18-knockout mice.
Redefining the emotional and psychological abuse and maltreatment of children: legal implications.

Emotional abuse, a label often used synonymously with the terms emotional maltreatment, 1 psychological battering, 2 psychological abuse, 3 and soul murder, 4 has been called “the most elusive and ...
Transmission power assignment with postural position inference for on-body wireless communication links

This article presents a novel transmission power assignment mechanism for on-body wireless links formed between severely energy-constrained wearable and implanted sensors. The key idea is to develop a measurement-based framework in which the postural position as it pertains to a given wireless link is first inferred based on the measured RF signal strength and packet drops. Then optimal power assignment is done by fitting those measurement results into a model describing the relationship between the assigned power and the resulting signal strength. A closed loop power control mechanism is then added for iterative convergence to the optimal power level as a response to both intra-and-inter posture body movements. This provides a practical paradigm for on-body power assignment, which cannot leverage the existing mechanisms in the literature that rely on localization, which is not realistic for on-body sensors. Extensive experimental results are provided to demonstrate the model building and algorithm performance on a prototype body area network. The proposed mechanism has also been compared with a number of other closed loop mechanisms and an experimental benchmark.
Thioredoxin-1 regulates cellular heme insertion by controlling S-nitrosation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.

NO generated by inducible NOS (iNOS) causes buildup of S-nitrosated GAPDH (SNO-GAPDH) in cells, which then inhibits further iNOS maturation by limiting the heme insertion step (Chakravarti, R., Aulak, K. S., Fox, P. L., and Stuehr, D. J. (2010) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107, 18004–18009). We investigated what regulates this process utilizing a slow-release NO donor (NOC-18) and studying changes in cellular SNO-GAPDH levels during and after NO exposure. Culturing macrophage-like cells with NOC-18 during cytokine activation caused buildup of heme-free (apo) iNOS and SNO-GAPDH. Upon NOC-18 removal, the cells quickly recovered their heme insertion capacity in association with rapid SNO-GAPDH denitrosation, implying that these processes are linked. We then altered cell expression of thioredoxin-1 (Trx1) or S-nitrosoglutathione reductase, both of which can function as a protein denitrosylase. Trx1 knockdown increased SNO-GAPDH levels in cells, made heme insertion hypersensitive to NO, and increased the recovery time, whereas Trx1 overexpression greatly diminished SNO-GAPDH buildup and protected heme insertion from NO inhibition. In contrast, knockdown of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase expression had little effect on these parameters. Experiments utilizing C152S GAPDH confirmed that the NO effects are all linked to S-nitrosation of GAPDH at Cys-152. We conclude (i) that NO inhibition of heme insertion and its recovery can be rapid and dynamic processes and are inversely linked to the S-nitrosation of GAPDH and (ii) that the NO sensitivity of heme insertion can vary depending on the Trx1 expression level due to Trx1 acting as an SNO-GAPDH denitrosylase. Together, our results identify a new way that cells regulate heme protein maturation during inflammation.
The Effect of Light and Specific Gravity on Embryo Weight and Embryonic Mortality

Eggs from Single Comb White Leghorn chickens were divided into two approximately equal groups with the range of specific gravities being present in each group. One group was incubated in a darkened Humidaire Hatchett while the other was incubated in an identical machine equipped with two 20 Watt fluorescent tubes which produced 8.3 X 10(3) ergs/cm.2-sec. at the surface of the eggs. The recommended temperature and humidity settings were used in both machines. After 7 days of incubation embryos from the lighted incubator were significantly (P less than .01) larger than those incubated in the dark. There were significantly more live embryos from low and high specific gravity eggs in the light than in the dark. There was no difference in embryonic mortality between groups for the eggs with intermediate specific gravities. Embryos from White Leghorn eggs incubated in the presence of light were significantly (P less than .01) larger on each day of incubation from day 2 through hatch. Eggs incubated in the lighted incubator hatched at 18 and 19 days and produced larger chicks than those hatched at 20 and 21 days in the dark.
Kinetics and mass transfer in a fluidized packed‐bed: Catalytic hydrogenation of ethylene

The kinetics of ethylene hydrogenation to ethane are studied in a 7.0 cm diameter fluidized packed-bed reactor. The fixed packing, 1.27 cm nickel on alumina catalyst, is used in conjunction with both −48/+100 mesh alumina and −50/+170 mesh glass inert fluidized particles. Reactant mixture is passed through the reactor at velocities sufficient to fluidize the inerts. Conversions from 0 to 91% are observed over the temperature range 56° to 261°C and flow rate range 10 to 800 cm3/s. The mass transfer coefficient and reaction rate constant are simultaneously evaluated from integral conversion data. The mass transfer coefficient between the interstitially fluidized bed and the catalyst surface is correlated in dimensionless form as Nsh = 0.77 NRe0.418NSc1/3 The correlation is significant at the 95% confidence level that is, r = 0.59, p′ > 0. Predictions of conversion using both the mass transfer coefficient correlation and a Langmuir-Rideal reaction expression are in good agreement with experimental data. The effects of contact time and catalyst diameter on conversion are also presented. Film diffusion influences become limiting at temperatures above 100°C at the velocities studied. Diffusional resistances were found to be important at Reynolds numbers below 100, at 186°C. No significant difference in reaction rate was found between fluidized alumina and glass inert particles under comparable operating conditions.
The trachea and esophagus after repair of esophageal atresia and distal fistula: computed tomographic observations.

Five patients, whose espphageal atresia and distal tracheoesophageal fistula had been repaired in infancy, were examined by computed tomography at age 2 to 21 because of recurrent or persistent tracheal or esophageal problems. Their tracheas generally failed to have the roughly circular cross-sectional shape found in controls. The pars membranacea was often unusually broad, with much more section-to-section variation in area than in controls. Change in cross-sectional area with respiratory phase, in the one patient assessed, was much greater than in a control. These tracheal abnormalities help to explain the tracheal symptoms found in these and simular patients. Their esophagi contained much air and fluid.
Instrumentation for the Detection and Locatiion of Incipient Faults on Power Cables

A description is given of the instrumentation being developed for the detection and location of incipient faults in power cables by the processing of the electromagnetic noise that appears at the power cable terminals. After a discussion of the basic concept, which involves a correlation technique, the implementation of the concept in the form of a microprocessor controlled, polarity coincidence type of correlator is described. Test results of the instrument with various types of noise sources are given. These include tests on a length of 15 kV class underground distribution cable with staged incipient faults. Some of these tests show that the instrumentation is capable of detecting and locating partial discharge noise on the cable with interesting precision.
Observations of low-energy antineutrons in a time-separated neutral beam

Abstract Production of ∼(0.26–1.0) GeV/ c antineutrons has been observed at the AGS using the RF structure and a simple detector. The antineutron production at 0.3 GeV/ c is about an order of magnitude higher than expected. This work demonstrates that np annihilations can be studied at low energies with exceptionally good resolution and that intense time separated antinucleon beams are feasible at accelerators like the AGS.
Mixed mode fatigue crack growth: A literature survey

The applications of fracture mechanics have traditionally concentrated on crack growth problems under an opening or mode I mechanism. However, many service failures occur from growth of cracks subjected to mixed mode loadings. This paper reviews the various criteria and parameters proposed in the literature for predictions of mixed mode crack growth directions and rates. The physical basis and limitations for each criterion are briefly reviewed, and the corresponding experimental supports are discussed. Results from experimental studies using different specimen geometries and loading conditions are presented and discussed. The loading conditions discussed consist of crack growth under mode II, mode III, mixed mode I and II, and mixed mode I and III loads. The effects of important variables such as load magnitudes, material strength, initial crack tip condition, mean stress, load non-proportionality, overloads and crack closure on mixed mode crack growth directions and/or rates are also discussed.
PCBs, PBDEs and pesticides released to the Arctic Ocean by the Russian rivers Ob and Yenisei.

The Ob and Yenisei Rivers contribute 37% of riverine freshwater inputs to the Arctic Basin and thus represent an important pathway for the land−Arctic ocean exchange of contaminants. Sampling was c...
Nucleon Properties at Finite Lattice Spacing in Chiral Perturbation Theory

Properties of the proton and neutron are studied in partially quenched chiral perturbation theory at finite lattice spacing. Masses, magnetic moments, the matrix elements of isovector twist-2 operators and axial-vector currents are examined at the one-loop level in a double expansion in the light-quark masses and the lattice spacing. This work will be useful in extrapolating the results of simulations using Wilson valence and sea quarks, as well as simulations using Wilson sea quarks and Ginsparg-Wilson valence quarks, to the continuum.
Collagen synthesis by human glomerular cells in culture

Abstract Collagen synthesis was studied in three subcultured human glomerular cell types, by radiolabeled incorporation of [14C]proline and [3H]lysine. The epithelioid circular glomerular cells secrete a collagen with a single size of chain (possibly type IV) with a high ratio of hydroxyproline to proline, hydroxylysine to lysine, and 11–17% of hydroxyproline as the 3-isomer. The smooth muscle-like rhomboid glomerular cells secrete collagen with a chain pattern suggesting types III and I collagen, distinct from that found in the media of fibroblasts. Small ovoid glomerular cells are morphologically and biochemically intermediate between circular glomerular cells and rhomboid glomerular cells, and may represent an in vitro modification of either circular glomerular cells or rhomboid glomerular cells.