cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Optical testing and characterization of mirolens arrays

An automated visible-infrared optical measurement system has been used to characterize the imaging performance of binary optic microlenses. Measurements of the point spread function (PSF) were made, from which the modulation transfer functions (MTFs) were derived. Diffraction efficiencies may also be measured using the same system. PSF measurements on both infrared and visible microlenses are in close agreement with theoretical predictions. Data on both IR and visible microlens arrays are presented.
A natural history study of the prognostic role of coronary arteriography.

Abstract Coronary cinearteriograms, clinical records, and left ventriculograms of 304 patients studied for evaluation of chest pain were reviewed. Clinical and follow-up data on survival of the normal subjects and the nonoperative group with abnormal arteriograms are presented. Ninety-two per cent of patients with typical angina pectoris had serious coronary occlusive disease. Ninety-eight per cent of patients with relatively normal coronary arteriograms survived for one to 60 or more months (mean follow-up period 24 months). There was a high mortality rate when the left main coronary artery was involved (47 per cent) and when the left coronary anterior descending branch was seriously occluded (28 per cent when arteriographic scores were high and 14 per cent when total scores were low) and a low mortality rate (0 to 7 per cent) when the LAD was normal. Mean follow-up interval in these groups was 19 months. The mortality rate was nearly three times greater when patients had QRS changes on ECG of prior myocardial infarction and six times greater when left ventricular contraction was significantly impaired.
Results of treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the upper jaw and antrum.

Abstract A study of 174 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the upper jaw and antrum who were treated at the Mayo Clinic was undertaken. A five-year survival rate of 39.4 per cent was obtained for the traced patients. Although more patients survived who were treated by electrocoagulation alone, these patients had less extensive tumors and tumors of lower histologic grade. The favorable survival rate obtained in the more extensive higher grade lesions, treated by a program of electrocoagulation or surgical removal combined with radiation therapy, led us to the conclusion that this probably represents the best treatment for the majority of patients having squamous cell carcinoma of the upper jaw and antrum.
Cahalane, Victor H., ed. Alive in the Wild. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, ix + 244 pp., 1970; illus. by Robert Candy; Graphics Editor, Charles C. Johnson. Price, $9.95

*Over 1,000 words presented in lively full-colour illustrations to assure 100% comprehension. *Short easy-to-use lessons (10-15 minutes) that offer explicit phonics instruction to augment a variety of reading materials, form graded readers to authentic literature. * A flexible program designed to support core reading, language arts, or English language learning materials - not replace them. *Careful sequencing and instructional strategies to promote language learning skills in listening discrimination, pronunciation, and basic grammar. *Clear and concise teaching strategies to promote simple, effective instruction. The Teacher's Guide offers complete step-by-step instructional strategies for teaching phonemic awareness and phonics - especially valuable for teachers who may be using a strategic, explicit approach for the first time. * Phonics chants and rhymes for all lessons in the program * Reproducible activity masters including word cards and game cards * Vocabulary games and activities for expanded practice * Home/Family learning activities to promote family involvement * Phonics assessment tests for placement and measurement of student achievement * Student progress reports to document learners' developing phonics skills
Mechanical Property Tests for Cylindrically Orthotropic Materials

Experiments for the determination of the elastic properties of cylindrically orthotropic materials are suggested. Analyses, which neglect end effects, are presented for the tests, consideration is given to the importance of this approximation. Because of the cylindrical orthotropy two of the tests even in the absence of end effects result in very complicated strain states; a special procedure is presented for the interpretation of the results of these tests. Lastly, for a particular cylin drically orthotropic material an example of the application of the interpretation procedure is presented.
Neuroscience: Faster than kiss-and-run

An ultrafast mode of vesicle endocytosis — a crucial process occurring at neural junctions that underpins brain function — has been uncovered. Long-standing models of endocytosis will therefore need to be re-evaluated. See Article p.242 Sustained neurotransmission requires recycling of synaptic vesicles but the proposed mechanisms — clathrin-mediated endocytosis and 'kiss-and-run' reversal of fusion — have been controversial. Now Erik Jorgensen and colleagues, using ultrafast, 'flash-and-freeze' electron microscopy, have identified a previously unknown actin- and dynamin-dependent mechanism of endocytosis, occurring within 100 milliseconds of stimulation in mouse hippocampal neurons. This is 200-times faster than the clathrin-mediated process, and morphological characteristics rule out the 'kiss-and-run' model. This work suggests that rapid internalization of membrane from the surface is the first step in endocytosis.
Solvability of some nonlinear boundary value problems

On etablit l'existence des solutions positives de problemes a deux points limites singuliers pour des equations differentielles de la forme: y″+f(t,y,y')=o, o≤t≤1
Evolution of Protein Expression: New Genes for a New Diet

Summary A new study identifies gene duplication of a salivary enzyme as a recent adaptation to changes in diet among human populations, highlighting the diverse ways that gene regulation can evolve.
Antiplatelet therapy in stroke prevention: present and future.

White platelet-fibrin thrombi often form on roughened endothelial surfaces and unstable arterial plaques. Agents that reduce the tendency of platelets to aggregate, agglutinate, and secrete and to att
Injuries to the elderly in the traffic environment

Abstract Two hundred ninety-seven persons, all aged 60 or over (180 women, 117 men), injured in the traffic environment, and treated at the Regional Hospital in Umea, over a one-year period, were analysed. Injuries were grouped into three main categories: falls (52%), vehicle-associated events (44%), and “other” injury events (4%). In women, falls were a more common cause of injury than vehicle events, whilst in men there was a tendency for a converse relationship. Two-thirds of the falls involved slipping on ice and snow. Ice- and snow- related injures (all categories) accounted for 37% of the total cost of all injuries in the elderly in the traffic environment. The main groups in the vehicle-associated injury category were cyclists (48%), car occupants (34%), other occupants (14%), and pedestrians (4%). Vehicle-associated injuries became more common with advancing age, resulted in the most severe and critical [Maximum Abbreviated Injury Scale (MAIS) ⩾ 4] injuries and the most fatalities, and cost (total and mean) more than falls. In conclusion, from the injury cost point of view, it is most important to prevent vehicle-associated injuries. However, when total frequencies are considered, falls deserve to be given just as much priority in injury prevention programs as vehicle-associated injuries, to make the traffic environment safer for this growing population.
Caspofungin as Primary Antifungal Prophylaxis in Stem Cell Transplant Recipients

Study Objectives. To assess the effectiveness and tolerability of caspofungin as primary prophylaxis against invasive fungal infections in stem cell transplant recipients who are poor candidates for triazole or lipid amphotericin B prophylaxis due to renal or hepatic dysfunction, and to determine whether any patient characteristics are independently associated with an increased risk of breakthrough invasive fungal infection during caspofungin prophylaxis. Design. Retrospective medical record review. Setting. Tertiary care comprehensive cancer center. Patients. One hundred twenty-three adult stem cell transplant recipients who received caspofungin 35–50 mg/day for up to 100 days after transplantation as primary antifungal prophylaxis between January 1, 2002, and June 30, 2005. Measurements and Main Results. Data were collected on host and transplant characteristics such as transplant type, neutropenia, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and corticosteroid use, as well as evidence of break-through invasive fungal infections. Of the 123 patients, 117 (95.1%) were allogeneic recipients, and the median time to engraftment was 12 days (range 6–26 days). Fifty (40.7%) of the patients developed GVHD of grade 2 or greater and received corticosteroids for more than 21 days. Median duration of caspofungin prophylaxis was 73 days (range 10–100 days). Nine patients (7.3%) developed breakthrough invasive fungal infections (two cases of mixed Aspergillus species and one each of Aspergillus terreus, Rhizopus, Exserohilum, an unspecified mold, Cryptococcus, Candida glabrata, and Candida tropicalis). Median time to invasive fungal infection development was 65 days (range 12–88 days). Only one case occurred during the neutropenic period before engraftment. Multivariate analysis showed that Pseudomonas coinfection (p=0.04) and infliximab therapy (p=0.02) were associated with breakthrough invasive fungal infections in patients receiving caspofungin. By day 100, there were five (4.1%) deaths, two of which were directly attributable to invasive fungal infections. No caspofungin-related adverse events were reported. Conclusion. Caspofungin seems to be an effective and well-tolerated option for primary antifungal prophylaxis in the highly immunosuppressed stem cell transplant patient population.
Finitely Specifiable Implicational Dependency Families

Une famille de dependance d'implication (ID) est une famille d'exemples de base de donnees relationnelles composee de tous les cas qui satisfont un ensemble donne d'IDs. Dans cet article, on montre que la collection de familles de dependances d'implication specifiable de maniere finie n'est pas bloquee sous les dependances de jointure ou de projection
Tau phosphorylation by diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate (DFP)-treated hen brain supernatant inhibits its binding with microtubules: role of Ca2+/Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in tau phosphorylation.

Abstract Diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate (DFP) produces organophosphorus ester-induced delayed neurotoxicity (OPIDN) in hen, human, and other sensitive species. This is characterized by mild ataxia, which progresses to severe ataxia or paralysis in a few days. Ultrastructurally, OPIDN is associated with the degeneration of axons in central and peripheral nervous systems. Bacterially expressed longest human tau protein (htau40) phosphorylated by DFP-treated hen brain supernatant showed a decrease in microtubule binding in a shorter time than that phosphorylated by control hen brain supernatant. The decrease in htau40–microtubule binding observed on htau40 phosphorylation by the recombinant Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase II (CaM kinase II) α-subunit showed that CaM kinase II present in brain supernatant could participate in tau phosphorylation even in the absence of Ca2+/CaM and decrease tau–microtubule binding. In addition, use of htau40 mutants, htau40m1 (Ala416) and htau40m6 (Asp416), suggested that replacement of Ser416by neutral or acidic amino acid produced some change in htau40 conformation that caused diminished binding with microtubules phosphorylated by brain supernatant in the presence of ethylene glycol bis(β-aminoethyl ether)N,N′tetraacetic acid (EGTA). The change in conformation produced by Ser416phosphorylation, however, was different from that produced by mutants since only nonmutated htau40 showed a significant decrease in binding with microtubules on phosphorylation by recombinant CaM kinase II in the presence of Ca2+/CaM compared to that obtained by phosphorylation in the presence of EGTA. This study showed that enhanced Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein kinase activity in DFP-treated hen brain supernatant may cause decreased tau–microtubule binding and destabilization of microtubules and may be involved in axonal degeneration in OPIDN.
The Confluence of Sociology, Statistics, and Public Policy in the Quality Control of the Food Stamps, AFDC, and Medicaid Family Assistance Programs.

This article shows how and why interactions among sociological, statistical, and public policy issues fuel the current debate about the quality control systems of three family assistance programs: Food Stamps, AFDC (Aid to Families With Dependent Children), and Medicaid. These interactions will be seen to be driven by social policies that in turn will impinge on issues of estimation, measurement error, detection of outliers, and the implied cost share sanctioning of states by the federal government. The authors' conclusions are related to, and extend, the results of a National Academy of Sciences study of methods for improving the current quality control systems.
E-Learning in Organizations

E-learning, an instructional strategy for imparting needed knowledge, skills, and attitudes in organizations, is here to stay. Its viability, effectiveness, and potential to return tangible benefits to organizations depend largely on how it is designed, delivered, and evaluated. This article provides a comprehensive review of the state of the art of e-learning methods in organizations. The authors also critically examine e-learning’s effectiveness by reviewing the current literature on the outcomes of e-learning. Finally, they offer a research agenda designed to bridge the gap between the practice and science of e-learning.
Strboh A homologue of NADPH oxidase regulates wound-induced oxidative burst and facilitates wound-healing in potato tubers

During 30-months of storage at 4 degrees C, potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers progressively lose the ability to produce superoxide in response to wounding, resist microbial infection, and develop a suberized wound periderm. Using differentially aged tubers, we demonstrate that Strboh A is responsible for the wound-induced oxidative burst in potato and aging attenuates its expression. In vivo superoxide production and NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity from 1-month-old tubers increased to a maximum 18-24 h after wounding and then decreased to barely detectable levels by 72 h. Wounding also induced a 68% increase in microsomal protein within 18 h. These wound-induced responses were lost over a 25- to 30-month storage period. Superoxide production and NOX activity were inhibited by diphenylene iodonium chloride, a specific inhibitor of NOX, which in turn effectively inhibited wound-healing and increased susceptibility to microbial infection and decay in 1-month-old tubers. Wound-induced superoxide production was also inhibited by EGTA-mediated destabilization of membranes. The ability to restore superoxide production to EGTA-treated tissue with Ca(+2) declined with advancing tuber age, likely a consequence of age-related changes in membrane architecture. Of the five homologues of NOX (Strboh A-D and F), wounding induced the expression of Strboh A in 6-month-old tubers but this response was absent in tubers stored for 25-30 months. Strboh A thus mediates the initial burst of superoxide in response to wounding of potato tubers; loss of its expression increases the susceptibility to microbial infection and contributes to the age-induced loss of wound-healing ability.
Changes in the Population Structure of Invasive Neisseria meningitidis in the United States After Quadrivalent Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine Licensure

BACKGROUND: Meningococcal conjugate vaccines against serogroups A, C, W, and Y (MenACWY) are recommended for routine use in adolescents aged 11-18 years. The impact of these vaccines on the meningococcal population structure in the United States have yet to be evaluated. METHODS: Meningococcal isolates recovered during 2006-2010 (ie, after introduction of MenACWY) collected through Active Bacterial Core surveillance (ABCs) were characterized; serogroup distribution and molecular features of these isolates were compared to previously published data on ABCs isolates recovered from 2000 to 2005 (ie, before introduction of MenACWY). P values were generated using χ(2) statistics and exact methods. RESULTS: There was a significant change (P < .05) in serogroup distribution among all age groups between the 2 periods. A small proportion of isolates showed evidence of capsular switching in both periods. Between the 2 periods, significant changes were observed in the distribution of porin A, ferric enterobactin transport, and strain genotypes among vaccine and nonvaccine serogroups. CONCLUSIONS: The population structure of US meningococcal isolates is dynamic; some changes occurred over time, but the basic structure remained. Vaccine-induced serogroup replacement was not observed, although a small proportion of isolates had undergone capsule switching, possibly driven by non-vaccine-mediated selection. Changes in the distribution of molecular features are likely due to horizontal gene transfer and changes in serogroup distribution.
Polymerization of higher aldehydes. VI. Mechanism of aldehyde polymerization

On the basis of results presented in previous papers possible mechanisms of polymerization of higher aldehydes are considered. The influence of solvents, temperature, initiator, and monomer upon the polymerization is discussed with particular emphasis on the stereoregularity of the resulting polymer. It is proposed that more than one monomer unit is involved in the propagation step. Both the stereoselective addition of monomer to the growing chain and the chain transfer reaction are thought to take place in a concerted manner. Chain transfer results in termination with the formation of hydroxyl, ester and probably ether end groups; growing chains which do not undergo transfer remain as “living” ends after the monomer supply is exhausted. Some thermodynamic values for carbonyl polymerizations are estimated.
Group combustion models and laser diagnostic methods in sprays: A review

Abstract Fundamental combustion processes in liquid fuel sprays are reviewed. Group combustion theories for calculation and prediction of spray flame characteristics are examined. Numerical analyses for sprays with varying group combustion numbers and fuel air ratios are reported showing locations of flame fronts, critical group combustion numbers, and group burning rates. The validity of the assumptions and the predictions of flame characteristics require testing by measurement. The most recent developments in laser diagnostic techniques for measurement of drop size by TV imaging, holography, visibility, peak pedestal amplitude, and intensity ratioing using laser Doppler interferometry are discussed together with Fraunhofer diffraction for overall particle cloud analysis. Instruments are commercially available for simultaneous measurement of drop size and velocity of individual drops in spray flames. Directives for future research on spray combustion processes are given with recommendations for making measurements in continuous and intermittent high-density vaporizing spray flames for the determination of local and overall transport processes.
Numerical characterization of micro heat exchangers using experimentally tested porous aluminum layers

Abstract A microporous heat exchanger device is being developed for cooling high-power electronics. The device uses a mechanically compressed aluminum porous layer to improve the heat transfer at the coolant/solid interface and to provide more uniform cooling of the electronics. The hydraulic characteristics (porosity, permeability, and Forchheimer coefficient) of nine distinct compressed layers are obtained experimentally. These layers have porosity from 0.3 to 0.7 and permeability from 1.8 × 10−10 m2 to 1.2 × 10−9 m2. The inertia coefficient varies from 0.3 to 0.9. These hydraulic characteristics are used in the numerical simulations of a real microporous heat exchanger for cooling phased-array radars in development. Thermal and hydraulic performances are illustrated in terms of total pressure drop across the heat exchanger, maximum temperature difference in the direction transverse to the electronic modules, and maximum temperature within the coolant passage. Results indicate that the proposed design is capable of achieving a maximum transverse temperature difference of 2°C using polyalphaolephin as coolant.
Cellular growth in hypophysectomized or diabetic adult rats during protein repletion.

The influence of hypophysectomy or alloxan diabetes on the capacity of the adult male rat to replete organ protein composition was studied. Adult male rats that were fed a protein-free diet for 30 days exhibited a loss of protein in the liver, kidney, gastrocnemius muscle and heart and of RNA. Total DNA and cell size (P/DNA) changes varied with the organ studied. Hypophysectomy followed by protein refeeding moderated the increase in liver protein and cell size and prevented the increase in RNA observed in normal rats. Diabetes had no effect on liver repletion. Hypophysectomy completely prevented the normal increase in kidney mass, total protein and cell size associated with refeeding, whereas diabetes moderated only the cell size increase. Diabetes effectively blocked the anticipated increase in protein synthesis in the gastrocnemius muscle associated with refeeding, whereas hypophysectomy was followed by an increase in total muscle protein. Repletion of the heart was prevented by hypophy-sectomy but not by diabetes in which an increase in total protein and in cell size occurred. Neither endocrine deficiency prevented a gain in body weight nor in nitrogen retained but distribution of the retained amino acids was markedly modified. Thus organ responses to endocrine deficiencies are influenced by body protein reserves.
The Brunn–Minkowski inequality in spaces with bitriangular laws of composition

The Brunn–Minkowski inequality and Prekopa–Leindler’s theorem are considered with respect to bitriangular laws of composition on Euclidean spaces R n . The result is illustrated by an example of the Heisenberg group H n . Bibliography: 11 titles.
Psychological Aspects of Artificial Feeding in Cancer Patients

Anorexia and weight loss are major physical and psychological problems for patients with cancer, and nutritional support has become an increasingly important part of cancer treatment. Reports discussing the psychological aspects of parenteral feeding have emphasized the importance of the nature of the underlying illness, but special problems surrounding the use of artificial feeding in patients with cancer have not been described. Patterns of emotional response to artificial feeding in such patients are most directly influenced by two interacting sets of variables: the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer, and personality characteristics of patients and family members involved. Typically, management problems result when demoralized patients respond to artificial feeding by becoming more passive, when independent patients struggle over artificial feeding in order to maintain a sense of control, or when anxious patients or families express fears about dying in the form of extreme preoccupation with eating and maintaining weight. An understanding of these patterns has specific implications for improving the patient's cooperation and quality of life.
Reciprocal propagation characteristics existing over a two-way ionospheric communications link

Experimental oblique incidence propagation data, obtained over a two-way communications link, is reduced in terms of a time weighing function TW. The values of TW are tabulated and compared to characterize reciprocal transmission characteristics existing over the communications link.
In vitro and in vivo influenza virus-inhibitory effects of viramidine

Viramidine, the 3-carboxamidine derivative of ribavirin, was effective against a spectrum of influenza A (H1N1, H3N2 and H5N1) and B viruses in vitro, with the 50% effective concentration (EC50) ranging from 2 to 32 microg/ml. The mean 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) in the MDCK cells used in these experiments was 760 microg/ml. Ribavirin, run in parallel, had a similar antiviral spectrum, with EC50 values ranging from 0.6 to 5.5 microg/ml; the mean CC50 for ribavirin was 560 microg/ml. Oral gavage administrations of viramidine or ribavirin to mice infected with influenza A/NWS/33 (H1N1), A/Victoria/3/75 (H3N2), B/Hong Kong/5/72 or B/Sichuan/379/99 viruses were highly effective in preventing death, lessening decline in arterial oxygen saturation, inhibition of lung consolidation and reducing lung virus titers. The minimum effective dose of viramidine in these studies ranged from 15 to 31 mg/kg/day, depending upon the virus infection, when administered twice daily for 5 days beginning 4 h pre-virus exposure. The LD50 of the compound was 610 mg/kg/day. Ribavirin's minimum effective dose varied between 18 and 37.5 mg/kg/day with the LD50 determined to be 220 mg/kg/day. Viramidine's efficacy was also seen against an influenza A/NWS/33 (H1N1) virus infection in mice, when the compound was administered in the drinking water, the minimum effective dose being 100 mg/kg/day. Delay of the initiation of either viramidine or ribavirin therapy, using the approximate 1/3 LD50 dose of each, was protective as late as 48 h after exposure to the A/NWS/33 virus. While both compounds appear to have similar efficacy against influenza virus infections, when one considers the lesser toxicity, viramidine may warrant further evaluation as a possible therapy for influenza.
The potential certified wood supply chain bottleneck and its impact on leadership in energy and environmental design construction projects in New York state

Sustainability is playing a larger role in how we construct buildings. Many organizations are trying to reduce the life-cycle costs of their buildings by using "green building" practices. Currently, the US Green Building Council's Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) program dominates the building certification scheme. Most new construction projects require a substantial amount of wood. The only approved wood source that can help qualify new construction for LEED certification is Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)-certified wood. Given the dramatic increase in new green construction, this study assessed the availability and use of FSC wood in LEED certification projects throughout New York State (NYS). We surveyed architects working on LEED projects to determine how FSC-certified wood was used and if they were having difficulty acquiring such wood. We suspected a green supply chain bottleneck at the sawmill level may impact end users in the LEED certification process. Our results indicate that architects are very knowledgeable about FSC wood and would like to incorporate it into their designs. We found no issues in sourcing FSC wood for LEED projects. Although architects prefer to buy locally, many must procure FSC wood outside of NYS. Many architects are paying a premium price for FSC wood, which may impact their decision to use it on future LEED construction projects.
RNA synthesized during differentiation of yolk sac erythroid cells

Abstract Yolk sac erythroid cells from fetal mice at 11 days gestation (total gestation period is 20 to 2 days) synthesize proteins, approximately two-thirds of which are non-hemoglobin proteins and the remainder hemoglobins. Between day 11 and day 13, there is a decrease in the rate of synthesis of all types of RNA, with the decline in the rate of formation of 45 s RNA being greater than that of heterogeneously sedimenting RNA. In 11-day cells, at least two species of RNA are formed with an electrophoretic mobility between 18 s and 5 s RNA, corresponding to 14 s and 9 s RNA. The 14 s and 9 s RNA's are associated with polyribosomes and are shown not to be degradation products of ribosomal RNA. As the yolk sac erythroid cells differentiate, between days 11 and 13, the rate of synthesis of 9 s RNA declines markedly. On day 13, non-hemoglobin protein synthesis has declined to nil, while the rate of synthesis of hemoglobins is essentially unchanged from that of day 11. In 11-day yolk sac erythroid cells incubated with actinomycin D or with hydroxyurea for 60 minutes, newly synthesized 9 s RNA disappears completely, whereas the newly formed 18 s or 14 s RNA is relatively stable. Concomitantly, actinomycin D or hydroxyurea causes a marked inhibition of formation of nuclear proteins, but not of cytoplasmic protein (hemoglobins) synthesis. It is suggested that the 9 s RNA contains messenger RNA for nuclear proteins.
Do elevated nutrients and organic carbon on Philippine reefs increase the prevalence of coral disease

Characterizations of Philippine coral diseases are very limited. The two most common, ulcerative white spot disease (UWS) and massive Porites growth anomalies (MPGA), target the genus Porites, a dominant reef-building genus. This is the first investigation in the Philippines to detect positive correlations between coral disease, nutrient levels, and organic carbon. A total of 5,843 Porites colonies were examined. Water and sediment samples were collected for analyses of nutrients (total nitrogen and phosphorus) and total organic carbon at 15 sites along a 40.5 km disease gradient, which was previously shown to positively correlate with human population levels. Results suggest that outbreaks of UWS and MPGAs are driven by elevated nutrient and organic carbon levels. Although the variables analyzed could be proxies for other causative agents (e.g., high sediment levels), the results provide quantitative evidence linking relatively higher coral disease prevalence to an anthropogenically impacted environment.
Identification of multiple active growth factors in basement membrane matrigel suggests caution in interpretation of cellular activity related to extracellular matrix components

Abstract We have recently demonstrated the formation of interconnecting canalicular cell processes in bone cells upon contact with basement membrane components. Here we have determined whether growth factors in the reconstituted basement membrane (Matrigel) were active in influencing the cellular network formation. Various growth factors including transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin-like growth factor 1, bovine fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) were identified in Matrigel. Exogenous TGF-β blocked the cellular network formation. Conversely, addition of TGF-β1 neutralizing antibodies to Matrigel stimulated the cellular network formation. bFGF, EGF, and PDGF all promoted cellular migration and organization on Matrigel. Addition of bFGF to MC3T3-E1 cells grown on Matrigel overcame the inhibitory effect of TGF-β. Some TGF-β remained bound to type IV collagen purified from the Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm tumor matrix. These data demonstrate that reconstituted basement membrane contains growth factors which influence cellular behavior, suggesting caution in the interpretation of experiments on cellular activity related to Matrigel, collagen type IV, and possibly other extracellular matrix components.
Over one million TPCC with a 45nm 6-core Xeon® CPU

This paper describes the 6-core Xeon® 7400 series processor family, codename Dunnington, designed for a broad range of highly power efficient servers. The processor consists of three dual-core 45nm Core™ processors [1] and a shared inclusive 16MB L3 cache (LLC) integrated on a monolithic 503mm2 die. The system interface is FSB based with the I/Os incorporated into the center of the die. Figure 3.8.1 shows the chip floorplan. The core-to-FSB connection is replaced with an on-die low-latency uncore interface. The uncore arbitrates among core, LLC, and external bus requests. The processor has 1.9B transistors and is implemented in 45nm CMOS using high-κ metal-gate transistors and nine copper interconnect layers [2]. The maximum thermal design power is 130W.
Development of a composite UAV wing test-bed for structural health monitoring research

In order to facilitate damage detection and structural health monitoring (SHM) research for composite unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) a specialized test-bed has been developed. This test-bed consists of four 2.61 m all-composite test-pieces emulating composite UAV wings, a series of detailed finite element models of the test-pieces and their components, and a dynamic testing setup including a mount for simulating the cantilevered operation configuration of real wings. Two of the wings will have bondline damage built in; one undamaged and one damaged wing will also be fitted with a range of embedded and attached sensors-piezoelectric patches, fiber-optics, and accelerometers. These sensors will allow collection of realistic data; combined with further modal testing they will allow comparison of the physical impact of the sensors on the structure compared to the damage-induced variation, evaluation of the sensors for implementation in an operational structure, and damage detection algorithm validation. At the present time the pieces for four wings have been fabricated and modally tested and one wing has been fully assembled and re-tested in a cantilever configuration. The component part and assembled wing finite element models, created for MSC.Nastran, have been correlated to their respective structures using the modal information. This paper details the design and manufacturing of the test-pieces, the finite element model construction, and the dynamic testing setup. Measured natural frequencies and mode shapes for the assembled cantilevered wing are reported, along with finite element model undamaged modal response, and response with a small disbond at the root of the top main spar-skin bondline.
Application of high-performance liquid chromatography to the reconstitution of ribosomal subunits.

Abstract We are currently utilizing reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) in reconstitution experiments designed to study the structure and functions of Escherichia coli ribosomes. The applications of RP-HPLC in these experiments include: (a) preparation of individual proteins or groups of proteins on a milligram scale for reconstitution pools, (b) analysis of the protein stoichiometry of reconstituted subunits, (c) determination of the extent and specificity of modification of proteins extracted from ribosomal subunits which have been subjected to chemical modification, and (d) resolution of modified forms of proteins S14 and L23 from the corresponding unmodified proteins. Proteins prepared by RP-HPLC from 30S and 50S ribosomal subunits were found to reconstitute into 30S and 50S subunits respectively, as well as into slower sedimenting particles. The reconstituted subunits contain a full complement of proteins and are active in ribosomal function assays, whereas the slower sedimenting particles lack several proteins and have little or no activity.
Cold fusion: How close can deuterium atoms come inside palladium?

We use ab initio density functional calculations to determine the structural and electronic properties of deuterium in bulk palladium. The focus of our study is the binding and the nearest-neighbor distance between D atoms in the very concentrated limit of a hypothetical ${\mathrm{PdD}}_{2}$ crystal. These results are compared to analogous calculations for bulk PdD and Pd. We find that even at very high D concentrations in the bulk, the equilibrium distance between two D atoms is increased by \ensuremath{\approxeq}0.2 A\r{} from the gas value of 0.74 A\r{}. This large internuclear distance makes a cold-fusion reaction of deuterium very improbable.
Consumer preference and reactive adaptation to a corporate solution of the over-the-counter medication dilemma—an analytic hierarchy process analysis

Abstract The product safety dilemma for over-the-counter medications involves combining safety, packaging, product form and consumer acceptance into a solvent bundle. The Analytic Hierarchy Process model is used in this study to assist in understanding the complexities and interactions of these elements as well as to evaluate consumer reactions to different solutions. The final outcome offers strong support for industries assessment of this situation, namely that product safety is a powerful overriding factor.
MO‐A(SAM)‐211‐01: Estimating Radiation Dose in CT

Radiationdose from CT exams has been identified as the largest contributor to medical radiationdose and has been the subject of intense discussion over the past few years. Several unfortunate and highly publicized radiationdose overexposure events have been reported. This has heightened the awareness of radiationdose among radiologists, technologists, patient populations, regulators and international agencies. All parties want to know the radiationdose due to CT exams. However, the only available dose metrics available are CTDIvol and DLP, which are not patient dose, but measures of scanner output . Even these metrics have been widely criticized as not being “accurate” representations of dose. One limitation is that there are currently scanners whose nominal beam width is wider than the extent of both the common measuring device (the 100 mm pencil ionization chamber) and the standard dosimetry phantom (150 mm long CTDI phantom), which leads to a breakdown of the assumptions under which CTDImeasurements and calculations are valid and to a significant underreporting of the dose. This has led to efforts by AAPM Task Groups (TG 111 and now TG 200) to develop new methodologies and phantoms that will more accurately reflect scanner output. In addition, the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) has proposed adjustments to the CTDI methodology for those wider beam scanners. Therefore, this symposium will describe both current (CTDI) and proposed future CTdose metrics (TG 111/ TG 200 and IEC) as well as the phantoms used (or being proposed in TG 200) for each. It will also describe the limitations of each of these approaches in estimating patient dose and some of the efforts (TG 204) to adjust scanner reported values (CTDI) for patient size. The learning objectives of this symposium include the following: 1. To understand current radiationdose metrics reported on CTscanners (e.g. CTDIvol, DLP) and included in scanner generated dose reports, which are measured in standard cylindrical phantoms and reflect CTscanner output. 2. To understand current methods to estimate radiationdose to patients. 3. To understand the limitations of both phantom and patient dose estimates. 4. To understand proposed methods to estimate radiationdose in phantom that will overcome some of the limitations of current methods (specifically AAPM TG 111 report and the ongoing work of TG 200). 5. To understand some of the proposed methods to estimate patient radiationdose that account for patient size (AAPM TG 204).
Where thanatos meets eros: Parallels between death education and group psychotherapy

Abstract In the past, extravagant claims have been made for the possible beneficial effects on participants of death education courses. Too often, however, research aimed at examining the effect of death education courses has had disappointing results. This may, of course, be due to the limitations of pre-post instruments available, or it may be because of the complexity of the constructs measured. There is a third alternative, however. Failure to effect expected positive results may be a function of instructors' lack of awareness of the conditions necessary to promote such change. If instructors are not aware of conditions leading to change, they may be unable to recognize the opportunity inherent in death education seminars for maximizing the fit between curative factors known to promote growth in groups and the content and process of death education courses. This paper is designed to accomplish three purposes: to explore the parallels between death education and group psychotherapy, to promote awarenes...
Prenatal nicotine changes the response to postnatal chlorpyrifos: Interactions targeting serotonergic synaptic function and cognition.

Nicotine and chlorpyrifos are developmental neurotoxicants that target serotonin systems. We examined whether prenatal nicotine exposure alters the subsequent response to chlorpyrifos given postnatally. Pregnant rats received nicotine throughout gestation at 3 mg/kg/day, a regimen designed to achieve plasma levels seen in smokers; chlorpyrifos was given to pups on postnatal days (PN) 1–4 at 1 mg/kg, just above the detection threshold for brain cholinesterase inhibition. We assessed long-term effects from adolescence (PN30) through full adulthood (PN150), measuring the expression of serotonin receptors and serotonin turnover (index of presynaptic impulse activity) in cerebrocortical brain regions encompassing the projections that are known targets for nicotine and chlorpyrifos. Nicotine or chlorpyrifos individually increased the expression of serotonin receptors, with greater effects on males than on females and with distinct temporal and regional patterns indicative of adaptive synaptic changes rather than simply an extension of initial injury. This interpretation was confirmed by our finding an increase in serotonin turnover, connoting presynaptic serotonergic hyperactivity. Animals receiving the combined treatment showed a reduction in these adaptive effects on receptor binding and turnover relative to the individual agents, or even an effect in the opposite direction; further, normal sex differences in serotonin receptor concentrations were dissipated or reversed, an effect that was confirmed by behavioral evaluations in the Novel Objection Recognition Test. In addition to the known liabilities associated with maternal smoking during pregnancy, our results point to additional costs in the form of heightened vulnerability to neurotoxic chemicals encountered later in life.
Field perturbations due to strong coupling and modal confinement in SOI arrayed waveguides

We present a method of rescaling the basis set used in coupled mode theory for constructing the mode profiles of silicon-on-insulator strongly coupled arrayed waveguides. We show that due to strong coupling the decay constants of the supermodes fanout, and can become spatially varying due to the vertical confinement of the mode. Further, we show that in strongly coupled arrayed waveguides the field peaks are no longer centered within their dielectric boundaries.
Layer-by-Layer Structure in Ultrathin Aniline and Pyridine Films on Ag(111)

Ultrathin (1−10 layers) aniline and pyridine films deposited on a Ag(111) surface at 90 K have been examined using thermal programmed desorption (TPD). Multiple desorption peaks have been observed ...
Inside the politicized classroom: A student's account of a seminar on Indian treaty rights

The Indian treaty rights seminar faculty taught me almost nothing about the subject for which they had ostensibly convened the seminar. The did not even define their terms. That is, we students were never instructed as to what an Indiantreaty is, nor were we shown how the courts extrapolated the controversial new Indian rights from certain treaty stipulations.
Electronic Flash In Data Acquisition

Photographic acquisition of data often may be simplified, or the data quality improved upon by employing electronic flash sources with traditional equipment or techniques. The relatively short flash duration compared to movie camera shutters, or to the long integration time of video camera provides improved spatial resolution through blur reduction, particularly important as image movement becomes a significant fraction of film format dimension. Greater accuracy typically is achieved in velocity and acceleration determinations by using a stroboscopic light source rather than a movie camera frame-rate control as a time standard. Electrical efficiency often is an important advantage of electronic flash sources since almost any necessary light level for exposure may be produced, yet the source typically is "off" most of the time. Various synchronization techniques greatly expand the precise control of exposure. Biomechanical and sports equipment studies may involve velocities up to 200 feet-per-second, and often will have associated very rapid actions of interest. The need for brief exposures increases H.s one "ZOOMS in on the action." In golf, for example, the swing may be examined using 100 microsecond (Us) flashes at rates of 60 or 120 flashes-per-second (FPS). Accurate determination of linear and rotational velocity of the ball requires 10 Us flashes at 500-1,000 FPS, while sub-Us flashes at 20,000-50,000 FPS are required to resolve the interaction of the ball and the club, head. Some seldom. used techniques involving streak photography are described, with enhanced results obtained by combining strobe with the usual continuous light source. The combination of strobe and a fast electro-mechanical shutter is considered for Us photography under daylight conditions.© (1982) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Lay perspectives on global climate change1

Abstract Ethnographic interviews were conducted with a small but diverse sample of US residents in order to understand how ordinary citizens conceptualize global climate change and make value judgments about it. Most informants had heard of the greenhouse effect. However, they conceptualized global climate change very differently from scientists because they interpreted it in terms of four pre-existing categories: stratospheric ozone depletion; plant photosynthesis; tropospheric pollution; and personally experienced temperature variation. The strongest environmental value to emerge was a desire to preserve the environment for one's descendants — it was spontaneously mentioned by twelve of the first fourteen informants. Species extinction and range shifts are among the most significant potential effects of global climate change, yet these effects were virtually unknown. Few informants recognized the connection between energy consumption and global warming, and they typically regarded their personal fuel consumption as inelastic.
Proximal small bowel intussusceptions in adults: CT appearance and clinical significance

Background: According to the clinical literature, intestinal intussusception in adults is rare, is associated with a pathologic lead point, and is usually treated surgically. Nonobstructing small bowel intussusception has been reported as a transient finding on computed tomographic (CT) studies.
MODELING BONE CONDUCTION OF SOUND IN THE HUMAN HEAD: II. SIMULATION RESULTS

We investigate bone conduction of sound in the human head through a fully coupled model based on the fluid–structure interaction. The model was simulated via hp-finite element approximation employing our latest finite element library. The transmission of acoustic energy through non-airborne pathways to the cochlea, the receptor that converts the mechanical signal into electric impulses sent to the brain, is still not fully understood. We believe that our methodology and presented numerical results provide an insight into this fundamental, long standing research problem.