cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diatom-based Models for Inferring Hydrology and Periphyton Abundance in a Subtropical Karstic Wetland: Implications for Ecosystem-Scale Bioassessment

We developed diatom-based prediction models of hydrology and periphyton abundance to inform assessment tools for a hydrologically managed wetland. Because hydrology is an important driver of ecosystem change, hydrologic alterations by restoration efforts could modify biological responses, such as periphyton characteristics. In karstic wetlands, diatoms are particularly important components of mat-forming calcareous periphyton assemblages that both respond and contribute to the structural organization and function of the periphyton matrix. We examined the distribution of diatoms across the Florida Everglades landscape and found hydroperiod and periphyton biovolume were strongly correlated with assemblage composition. We present species optima and tolerances for hydroperiod and periphyton biovolume, for use in interpreting the directionality of change in these important variables. Predictions of these variables were mapped to visualize landscape-scale spatial patterns in a dominant driver of change in this ecosystem (hydroperiod) and an ecosystem-level response metric of hydrologic change (periphyton biovolume). Specific diatom assemblages inhabiting periphyton mats of differing abundance can be used to infer past conditions and inform management decisions based on how assemblages are changing. This study captures diatom responses to wide gradients of hydrology and periphyton characteristics to inform ecosystem-scale bioassessment efforts in a large wetland.
Privacy Preserving Data Sharing With Anonymous ID Assignment

An algorithm for anonymous sharing of private data among N parties is developed. This technique is used iteratively to assign these nodes ID numbers ranging from 1 to N. This assignment is anonymous in that the identities received are unknown to the other members of the group. Resistance to collusion among other members is verified in an information theoretic sense when private communication channels are used. This assignment of serial numbers allows more complex data to be shared and has applications to other problems in privacy preserving data mining, collision avoidance in communications and distributed database access. The required computations are distributed without using a trusted central authority. Existing and new algorithms for assigning anonymous IDs are examined with respect to trade-offs between communication and computational requirements. The new algorithms are built on top of a secure sum data mining operation using Newton's identities and Sturm's theorem. An algorithm for distributed solution of certain polynomials over finite fields enhances the scalability of the algorithms. Markov chain representations are used to find statistics on the number of iterations required, and computer algebra gives closed form results for the completion rates.
Growth of Mixed Nonionic Micelles

Static and quasielastic light-scattering measurements were utilized to investigate the shape, size, and polydispersity of mixed micelles composed of the nonionic surfactants dodecyl hexaoxyethylene...
Melting Behavior of DNA Complexes With Joined Triple and Duplex Motifs

One focus of our laboratory is to understand how sequence, duplex and triplex stabilities, and solution conditions affect the melting behavior of complex DNA structures. We used a combination of UV and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopies and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques to obtain a full thermodynamic description of the melting behavior of seven DNA complexes involving joined triplex and duplex motifs. Six of these complexes are formed intramolecularly while the seventh forms an intermolecular complex.The circular dichroism spectra at low temperatures indicated that all complexes maintained the “B” conformation. UV and DSC melting curves of each complex show biphasic or triphasic transitions. However, the transition temperatures, TMs, of the intramolecular complexes remained constant with increasing strand concentration, while the TM of the intermolecular complex did not. This confirms their molecularity.Deconvolution of the DSC thermograms allowed us to determine standard thermodynamic profiles for the transitions of each complex. For each transition, the favorable folding free energy terms result from the characteristic compensation of a favorable enthalpy and unfavorable entropy contribution. The magnitude of these thermodynamic parameters (and associated TMs) indicate that the overall folding of each complex depends on several factors: a) the extent of the favorable heat contributions (formation of base pair and base triplet stacks that are compensated with both the ordering of the oligonucleotide and the putative uptake of protons and ions; b) inclusion of the more stable C+GC base triplets; c) stabilizing the duplex stem of the complex; d) complex molecularity; and e) solution conditions, such as pHand salt concentration.Overall, the melting behavior of each complex corresponds to the initial disruption of the triplex motif (removal of the third strand) followed by the partial or full unfolding of the duplex stem.
Habitat complexity as a determinate of benthic macroinvertebrate community structure in cypress tree reservoirs

We analyzed benthic samples (n = 128) collected from four cypress-tree population areas within a large, shallow Arkansas reservoir over a 2-year period to investigate macroinvertebrate community distribution patterns and their relation to physical and chemical parameters. The calculated biomass, abundance and diversity of the benthic macroinvertebrate community varied significantly both temporally and spatially. Variations of these variables are most likely explained by significant differences in the concentration of carbon and nitrogen in sediments across lake sites, and on a smaller scale, the presence or absence of cypress trees. Benthic macroinvertebrate abundance, biomass, and diversity significantly decreased with distance from tree.
Attenuation of verapamil-induced myocardial toxicity in an ex-vivo rat model using a verapamil-specific ovine immunoglobin.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether an ovine verapamil-specific immunoglobin G (V-IgG) attenuates verapamil toxicity in an ex-vivo rat left ventricular papillary muscle model. METHODS The authors dissected left ventricular papillary muscle strips from male Sprague-Dawley rats (350-410 g) and suspended them in an oxygen-perfused Tyrode buffer bath at 37.5 degrees C. Muscle strips equilibrated for 90 minutes under electrical stimulation of 1 Hz. Resting and developed tension (mg) were monitored continuously. A concentration-response trial was performed with verapamil concentrations ranging from 31 to 1,020 nM; 510 nM produced consistent reduction in developed tension. A trial of V-IgG was then conducted by administering the following treatments to papillary muscle strips in a randomized manner: V-IgG + 510 nM verapamil, nonspecific ovine IgG (N-IgG) + 510 nM verapamil (protein control), and 510 nM verapamil alone. Immunoglobin G was administered in equimolar concentrations to verapamil. Attenuation was expressed as inhibition of the verapamil-induced reduction of developed tension. RESULTS The V-IgG comparative trial indicated the V-IgG + verapamil treatment had a mean reduction in developed tension of 14.1% (SD +/- 12.2) compared with 36.2% (SD +/- 14.9) for N-IgG + verapamil and 34.9% (SD +/- 8.1) for verapamil alone (p < 0.05). There was no difference between the two control groups. CONCLUSION Verapamil-specific IgG attenuated verapamil-induced reduction of developed tension in an ex-vivo rat model.
Paleomagnetic constraints on deformation of superfast-spread oceanic crust exposed at Pito Deep Rift

[1] The uppermost oceanic crust produced at the superfast spreading (∼142 km Ma−1, full-spreading rate) southern East Pacific Rise (EPR) during the Gauss Chron is exposed in a tectonic window along the northeastern wall of the Pito Deep Rift. Paleomagnetic analysis of fully oriented dike (62) and gabbro (5) samples from two adjacent study areas yield bootstrapped mean remanence directions of 38.9° ± 8.1°, −16.7° ± 15.6°, n = 23 (Area A) and 30.4° ± 8.0°, −25.1° ± 12.9°, n = 44 (Area B), both are significantly distinct from the Geocentric Axial Dipole expected direction at 23° S. Regional tectonics and outcrop-scale structural data combined with bootstrapped remanence directions constrain models that involve a sequence of three rotations that result in dikes restored to subvertical orientations related to (1) inward-tilting of crustal blocks during spreading (Area A = 11°, Area B = 22°), (2) clockwise, vertical-axis rotation of the Easter Microplate (A = 46°, B = 44°), and (3) block tilting at Pito Deep Rift (A = 21°, B = 10°). These data support a structural model for accretion at the southern EPR in which outcrop-scale faulting and block rotation accommodates spreading-related subaxial subsidence that is generally less than that observed in crust generated at a fast spreading rate exposed at Hess Deep Rift. These data also support previous estimates for the clockwise rotation of crust adjacent to the Easter Microplate. Dike sample natural remanent magnetization (NRM) has an arithmetic mean of 5.96 A/m ± 3.76, which suggests that they significantly contribute to observed magnetic anomalies from fast- to superfast-spread crust.
Organizational Coverups: Factors Influencing the Discipline of Information Gatekeepers1

This study examines factors that influence the severity of discipline administered to a subordinate information gatekeeper who is guilty of covering up an event and concealing and distorting information. Undergraduate business students read one of eight versions of a case depicting faulty upward communication, in which three variables-the superior-subordinate dependency relationship, the subordinate's motivation, and the subordinate's remorse-were manipulated. Unethicality of the offense was evaluated to be quite high across all experimental conditions, yet mild discipline was recommended when the superior was highly dependent on his subordinate and when the subordinate acted out of altruism for his superior. Probability of reoccurrence of the infraction was judged lowest when the offending subordinate displayed remorse. These findings are interpreted as representing a pragmatic orientation toward discipline based on perceived costs or benefits to the administrator. Conditions that increase the vulnerability of decision-makers to faulty upward communication are discussed.
Atomic force microscopy study of photoreversible nanoscale surface relief grating patterns on side chain dendritic polyester thin films

Abstract High resolution atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been used to study the photoresponsive behavior and the photoreversible nanoscale surface relief grating patterns of side chain dendritic polyester (SCDPE) polymer thin films. These low molecular weight ( trans – cis – trans isomerization of azobenzene moieties. The polymer samples were spin coated onto a quartz slide to obtain a homogeneous thin film with specific thickness. These samples were then irradiated with UV light (365 nm, 100 mW/cm 2 ) through a photomask before mapping the topography of the films using AFM. The AFM images clearly showed nanoscale surface relief grating patterns for both second and third generation polymer films, whereas no detectable response was observed for the first generation polymer due to possible aggregation. The AFM results are consistent with the UV spectroscopy measurements made on the respective films. Moreover, the second and third generation films were shown to be photoreversible when exposed to visible light, thus confirming that these photoisomerized surface relief gratings can be readily patterned and erased by irradiation with non-polarized UV and visible radiation without the need for high energy lasers or separate heating elements. The photoeffectiveness of the film increased with increasing dendrimer generation and film thickness. The nano-gratings remained intact for at least 6 months after the initial exposure. These findings suggest a potential simple and cost effective system for developing reversibly generated nano-gratings for use in photonic and optical applications.
Difference equation models for estimating athletic records

This article presents an analysis of the models that are frequently used for estimating the future records for atheletic events. It considers an innovative approach for modeling based on difference equations whose complementary solution yields one of these models. It does this by establishing a relationship between the models and certain difference equations. Moreover, it shows that each of those models can be converted to the exponential model by applying an appropriate substitution. Based on the derived relations it proposes a numerical procedure for estimating the model parameters and discusses its advantages over an existing procedure. This procedure reduces the computational cost and avoids the classical difficulties of non-linear optimization procedures such as the Newton's method. Finally, it tests the proposed numerical procedure using simulated data and applies the procedure to the fastest times for 400 m race.
Superconducting Cavities and Modulated RF

If a cavity has an infinite Qo, 81.5% of the energy contained in a pulse incident upon the cavity is transferred into the cavity by the end of the pulse if the cavity Qe is chosen so that the cavity time constant is 0.796 pulse width (Ta). As Qo decreases, the energy in the cavity at the end of the pulse decreases very slowly as long as Ta is much less than the unloaded cavity time constant, Tco. SC cavities with very high Qo enable us to obtain very high gradients with a low power cw source. At high gradients, however, we often do not attain the high Qo predicted by theory. Therefore, if we are interested in attaining maximum energy in the cavity, as is the case for RF processing and diagnostics, for a given available source energy there is no point in keeping the power on for longer than 0.1 Tco because the energy expended after 0.1 Tco is wasted. Therefore, to attain high fields at moderate Qo, pulsed operation is indicated. This note will derive the fields and energy stored and dissipated in the cavity when Qe is optimized for a given Ta. It will show how to use this data to measure Qo of an SC cavity as a function of field level, how to process the cavity with high RF fields, how to operate SC cavities in the pulsed mode to obtain higher efficiencies and gradients. Experimental results will also be reported.
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for remote sensing

Conventional Raman spectroscopy is often limited by its low sensitivity due to the inherently weak Raman cross section of organic chemicals. A relatively new detection technique, Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) spectroscopy is based on recent experimental observations, which have indicated enhancement of the Raman scattering efficiency by factors of up to 106 when a compound is adsorbed on rough metallic surfaces that have submicron-scale protrusions. In this report we discuss the development of the SERS technique as a tool for monitoring hazardous chemical emissions and its application to in situ remote sensing.
Unsteady state absorption of carbon dioxide by dilute sodium hydroxide solutions

Rates of carbon dioxide absorption by 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 molar sodium hydroxide solutions were measured at 25°C. for exposure times from 1.4 to 21.6 milliseconds with a laminar-jet technique. Absorption rates were calculated with a model based on one-dimensional diffusion occurring simultaneously with two consecutive irreversible chemical reactions. The resulting partial differential equations were solved with an IBM-709 computer. The calculated absorption rates agreed within 5% of the experimental values.
Lead migration after sacral neuromodulation: surgical revision in fascial versus tined anchoring systems

Our objective was to compare risk of surgical revision after sacral neuromodulator lead migration based on the type of anchoring system. We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients receiving sacral neuromodulation over 7 years. We compared surgical revision due to loss of efficacy accompanied by radiographic lead migration in fascial-anchored versus tined leads. Of 112 patients, 28 (25%) underwent fascial anchoring, and 84 (75%) received tined leads. Within 2 years of implantation, lead migration occurred in 26% of fascial and 10% of tined anchoring systems (RR, 2.25 (95% confidence interval, 0.85–5.93)). Patients with fascial anchors were followed for a longer period of time. Therefore, Kaplan–Meier curves were compared showing no difference in risk of lead migration (p = 0.09). Four of eight (50%) lead migrations in tined leads occurred within the first 3 months after implantation. Two years after sacral neuromodulator implantation, lead migration is similar between fascial-anchored and tined leads.
MRI in cerebral developmental malformations and epilepsy

Cerebral developmental malformations are increasingly recognized as a major cause of developmental delay and epilepsy. The incidence of these developmental malformations in patients with epilepsy is not known, but epilepsy surgery data suggest that this pathology is commonly seen in children who undergo epilepsy surgery for intractable epilepsy. These malformations can be diagnosed by a combination of clinical, neurophysiological, and imaging techniques. However, imaging techniques such as MRI have been able to provide in vivo recognition of many of these malformations and have contributed to the recognition of specific syndromes. These malformations can be classified on an anatomical basis either into diffuse, unilateral, or generalized. However, a combination of imaging data in conjunction with genetics and embryology may be more appropriate in the future. Further technical developments promise to increase the sensitivity of MRI in detecting these malformations and may help to delineate the possible biology of these disorders.
Towards realistic physical topology models for Internet backbone networks

In this paper 1, we consider the problem of physical topology design (i.e., physical connectivity) for Internet backbone networks. We explore the driving forces for service providers to layout fiber links, and propose a new problem formulation that can accurately emulate the existing optical backbone networks. Unlike previous studies which mainly focused on deployment cost, our model captures the physical design principles including (1) the cost of the infrastructure, (2) the expected performance, (3) geographical constraints, and (4) the resilience of the network to link/node failures (survivability). Obtaining an optimal solution is shown to be NP-hard, we thus present a polynomial time heuristic algorithm, HINT, to determine the number and the choice of constituent links. The efficacy of HINT is established in comparison with the published maps of three major scientific and commercial backbone networks: Internet2 Abilene, AT&T domestic express backbone, and Level3 network. Preliminary results reveal that taking performance, resilience and geographical constraints into consideration is necessary to emulate real backbones. The HINT heuristic yields a similarity of more than 90% with the published structures.
Analysis and optimization of distributed cooperative multicast for wireless multimedia networks

In this paper, we systematically analyze the outage probability performance of the distributed cooperative multicast with randomized orthogonal space-time codes (OSTC) for wireless multimedia networks. The distributed cooperative multicast protocol with randomized OSTC enables users who successfully decode signals from base station or access point serving as relays to forward the signals to other users, and consequently the overall performance of wireless multimedia multicast can be greatly improved. We derive a closed-form expression for the outage probability for the distributed cooperative multicast with randomized OSTC. To get more insight, we further develop an asymptotically tight approximation for the outage probability which reveals the diversity order of the protocol as K + 1, where K is the size of the randomized OSTC used in the protocol. Based on the asymptotically tight approximation of the outage probability, we are able to determine an optimum power allocation for the distributed cooperative multicast protocol. It shows that in a statistic sense, we should allocate 1/(K + 1) of the total power budget to the BS/AP and evenly distribute the rest for the users as relaying power. Numerical and simulation results validate our theoretical development.
Some features of regenerative deflection and their application to the Harvard synchrocyclotron

Abstract The regenerative deflector system applied to the Harvard synchrocyclotron is described. The theory of LeCouteur has been extended to include the initial radial oscillations, and it is shown, both theoretically and experimentally, that only partial monochromatization of the beam occurs during regeneration. However, it is possible to internally limit the energy width of the regenerated beam at the expense of intensity. The theory is in good accord with experiment. The application of these results to the production of an intense external proton beam and more monoenergetic neutron and polarized proton beams is described.
MO-A-137-10: Evaluation of A GPU-Based In-House Automatic Re-Planning System for Adaptive Radiotherapy Re-Planning for Head and Neck Cancer

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility and quality of adaptive radiation therapy (ART) re‐planning for head‐and‐neck (H/N) cancer using SCORE, an in‐house graphics processing unit (GPU)‐based automatic re‐planning system. Methods: Our in‐house automatic re‐planning system SCORE utilizes GPU computational efficiency to register CT images, deform contours, and re‐optimize treatment plans. We used SCORE to generate two re‐plans for ten previously‐treated bilateral H/N patients who were re‐planned during the course of their IMRT treatment. The first plan (AUTOCONTOUR&AUTOPLAN) employed the full automatic replanning procedure while the second plan (AUTOPLAN) used the approved manually re‐contoured structures from the clinically treated re‐plan for SCORE optimization. To evaluate SCORE performance in terms of plan quality, both with and without human intervention in the contouring process, we compared the two SCORE plans to the clinically‐delivered plan. Results: We compared dose volume histograms along with max/mean organ dose for each plan to the clinically treated re‐plan. For AUTOCONTOUR&AUTOPLAN, we cast the manually re‐contoured structures over the dose distribution to be able to compare dose on the same contours. Averaging over 10 patients, AUTOPLAN&AUTOCONTOUR reduced max brainstem, max cord, mean left parotid, and mean right parotid relative dose by 17.2(SD:12.4)%, 3.5(SD:6.3)%, 9.1(SD:6.5)%, and 9.6(SD:6.4)%, respectively, but also decreased high dose PTV coverage with a relative dose difference of ‐ 10.3(SD:3.83)% at 99% of the volume. AUTOPLAN reduced max brainstem, max cord, mean left parotid, and mean right parotid relative dose by 22.7(SD:9.2)%, 10.8(SD:7.8)%, 9.1(SD:8.0)%, and 5.5(SD:5.8)%, respectively, while the high‐dose PTV at 99% of volume increased by 0.1(SD:1.6)% and volume greater than 110% of the dose increased by 5.7(SD:6.5)%. Conclusion: We found the automated AUTOCONTOUR&AUTOPLAN demonstrated organ sparing improvements, but decreased PTV coverage. The partially automated AUTOPLAN showed significant dosimetric improvements in terms of both organ sparing and PTV coverage but yielded plans that may be considered clinically hot.
The three-jet angular distribution: A detailed test of QCD

Abstract It is shown that the perturbative corrections to the lowest order three-jet angular distribution in e + e − annihilation are small for a range of parameters defining the jets. Hadronization is modeled and a range of parameters defining an experimental three-jet criterion is found for which the lowest order angular distribution should apply. This range is accessible to present experiments.
Lean automated manufacturing: avoiding the pitfalls to embrace the opportunities

Purpose – Over the last several months, the cries to become lean and low cost have echoed all the way from the halls of government to the smallest company's back room. In times of severe economic challenge, the natural reaction is to make decisions that can make an organization become as lean and focused as possible. This paper aims to address these issues.Design/methodology/approach – This paper discusses the benefits and pitfalls associated with lean manufacturing management starting from the kernel idea that pleasing the customer should be at the root of all effort leading through the ravages of overzealous application of “lean to the max.” Elements of lean discussed in this paper address organizational waste, human resources, distributed design, supply chain management, customer management, and the financial system.Findings – Potential solutions and recommendations are made to help organizations become lean yet remain committed to being centered on the ultimate goal of customer satisfaction. These ben...
Krüppel-like factors are effectors of nuclear receptor signaling

Binding of steroid and thyroid hormones to their cognate nuclear receptors (NRs) impacts virtually every aspect of postembryonic development, physiology and behavior, and inappropriate signaling by NRs may contribute to disease. While NRs regulate genes by direct binding to hormone response elements in the genome, their actions may depend on the activity of other transcription factors (TFs) that may or may not bind DNA. The Kruppel-like family of transcription factors (KLF) is an evolutionarily conserved class of DNA-binding proteins that influence many aspects of development and physiology. Several members of this family have been shown to play diverse roles in NR signaling. For example, KLFs (1) act as accessory transcription factors for NR actions, (2) regulate expression of NR genes, and (3) as gene products of primary NR response genes function as key players in NR-dependent transcriptional networks. In mouse models, deletion of different KLFs leads to aberrant transcriptional and physiological responses to hormones, underscoring the importance of these proteins in the regulation of hormonal signaling. Understanding the functional relationships between NRs and KLFs will yield important insights into mechanisms of NR signaling. In this review we present a conceptual framework for understanding how KLFs participate in NR signaling, and we provide examples of how these proteins function to effect hormone action.
Alleged Protective Action of Colloidal Dyes in Anaphylactic Shock.

ConclusionsThe colloidal dyes congo red, vital red, rose bengal, and mercurochrome, tried under a variety of conditions, failed to protect the majority of guinea pigs and pigeons against the typical symptoms of anaphylactic shock. These negative results do not support the positive claims of Nikolaiev and Goldberg, who used congo red and trypan blue. It is suggested that the results with these colloidal dyes point to fundamental differences in the tissue reactivities of proteins and of drugs and toxins.
The anti‐terrorism act of 1987—An update on the controversy surrounding efforts to close down PLO offices in the U.S.

Abstract The basic intent of Congress in enacting the Anti‐Terrorism Act of 1987 was not to deprive supporters of the Palestinian Liberation Organization of expressing their opinions but to induce the PLO to renounce the use of terrorism. By reaffirming United States abhorrence of terrorism, the supporters of this legislation also hope to encourage the emergence of Palestinian leaders who are dedicated to a peaceful resolution of the Arab‐Israel conflict. While the United States Government and major Jewish organizations have supported the closing of the PLO's Washington‐based Palestine Information Office, there has been considerable questioning in these same circles of the wisdom of the Congressional action to close the PLO's Observer Mission to the United Nations. This action was challenged by the United Nations, and the International Court of Justice asked the United States to resolve this matter through arbitration. The Reagan Administration finally accepted a Federal court ruling that the law did not ...
EVALUATION OF LIQUEFACTION USING DISTURBED STATE AND ENERGY APPROACHES

The disturbed state concept (DSC) and the dissipated energy approach can provide simplified, fundamental, and mechanistic methods for the identification of the initiation and growth of liquefaction in saturated soils under cyclic and earthquake loading. Both approaches are developed and used for the analysis of liquefaction in the soil deposits at Port Island, Kobe, Japan, during the Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake. They are also used to analyze liquefaction of two sands during laboratory cyclic tests using torsional and multiaxial devices. It is shown that the DSC and energy criteria can lead to improved understanding of the mechanism of liquefaction, and to rational and simplified procedures compared to those based on empirical and index properties. Furthermore, the DSC possesses certain advantages over the energy approaches, particularly in terms of its implementation in computer (finite-element) programs for dynamic and liquefaction analysis.
A linear-algebra problem from algebraic coding theory

Abstract Given an m × n matrix M over E = GF ( q t ) and an ordered basis A ={ z 1 ,…, z t } for field E over K =GF( q ), expand each entry of M into a t ×1 vector of coordinates of this entry relative to A to obtain an mt × n matrix M ∗ with entries from the field K . Let r =rank( M ) and r ∗ =rank( M ∗ ). We show that r ⩽ r ∗ ⩽min{ rt , n }, and we determine the number b ( m,n,r,r ∗ , q,t ) of m × n matrices M of rank r over GF( q t ) with associated mt × n matrix M ∗ of rank r ∗ over GF ( q ).
The Tight Integral Closure of a Set of Ideals

Abstract This paper celebrates the enormous contributions of David Buchsbaum to commutative algebra, homological algebra, and representation theory, with grateful appreciation for the inspiration he has provided for myself and so many others.
Are we supposed to be colorblind or not? Competing frames used by whites against racism

Abstract Drawing upon in-depth interviews, participant observation and archival analysis of white antiracist activists and their organizations, this study challenges Ruth Frankenberg’s (Frankenberg 1993) assertion that colorblindness is incompatible with antiracism. While Frankenberg has argued that Whites must break with the dominant colorblind view of race in order to be successfully active antiracists, these data demonstrate that this is not always the case. Challenging Frankenberg’s work with White women, this sample of both White men and women uses the social movements concept of “framing” to further inform her categories of white racial discourse. This is done by investigating how two organizations frame antiracist activism differently, and analyzing how this divergent framing results in two competing ideologies of white antiracism: reflexive race cognizance, which does not engage with colorblindness, and selective race cognizance, which selectively does so. Exploring how colorblind discourse is used as strategy by movement members, the study concludes with implications for antiracist theory and practice. The findings are important for scholars, teachers, and activists alike.
Expression of the rhesus glycoproteins, ammonia transporter family members, RHCG and RHBG in male reproductive organs

The rhesus glycoproteins, Rh B glycoprotein (RHBG) and Rh C glycoprotein (RHCG), are recently identified ammonia transporters. Rhcg expression is necessary for normal male fertility, but its specific cellular expression is unknown, and Rhbg has not been reported to be expressed in the male reproductive tract. This study sought to determine the specific cellular expression of Rhcg, to determine whether Rhbg is expressed in the male reproductive tract, and, if so, to determine which cells express Rhbg using real-time RT-PCR, immunoblot analysis, and immunohistochemistry. Both Rhbg and Rhcg were expressed throughout the male reproductive tract. In the testis, high levels of Rhbg were expressed in Leydig cells, and Rhcg was expressed in spermatids during the later stages of their maturation (steps 13-16) in stages I-VIII of the seminiferous epithelium cycle. In the epididymis, basolateral Rhbg was present in narrow cells in the initial segment, in principal cells in the upper corpus, and in clear cells throughout the epididymis. Apical Rhcg immunolabel was present in principal cells in the caput and upper corpus epididymidis and in clear cells in the middle and lower corpus and cauda epididymidis. In the vas deferens, apical Rhcg immunolabel and basolateral Rhbg immunolabel were present in some principal cells and colocalized with H(+)-ATPase immunolabel. We conclude that both Rhbg and Rhcg are highly expressed in specific cells in the male reproductive tract where they can contribute to multiple components of male fertility.
New Insights into Biliverdin Reductase Functions: Linking Heme Metabolism to Cell Signaling

Biliverdin reductase (BVR) functions in cell signaling through three distinct tracks: a dual-specificity kinase that functions in the insulin receptor/MAPK pathways (25, 29, 51); a bzip-type transc...
Electronic structure and hot carrier relaxation in 001 anatase TiO 2 nanowire

We present an electronic structure and non-adiabatic excited state dynamics study of ⟨001⟩ anatase TiO2 nanowire (NW) by combining density matrix formalism and ab initio electronic structure calculations. Our results show that quantum confinement increases the energy gap as the dimension of TiO2 is reduced from the bulk to a NW with a diameter of several nanometres and that the probability of electronic transitions induced by lattice vibrations for the NW follows band gap law. The electron non-radiative relaxation to the bottom of the conduction band is involving Ti 3d orbitals, while the hole non-radiative relaxation of holes to the top of the valence band occurs by subsequent occupation of O 2p orbitals.
Compound narcolepsy: sleep pattern and involution.

A review of studies of sleep in three-month-old infants, narcoleptics, and normal adults indicates that the sleep pattern in compound narcolepsy is in many ways involuted. Similarities in sleep onsets, REM-specific movement, REM dissociation, ambiguous sleep, nocturnal arousals, diurnal sleep-wake cycles, and relatively limited, quiet-awake time are discussed as part of a global inability to inhibit state changes common to both infants and compound narcoleptics. The analogy with infant sleep patterns and results of studies of brain function in narcoleptics suggest that forebrain inhibitory processes are more important in narcoleptic symptomology than is brainstem dysfunction. Puberty and old age are critical periods for the development or exacerbation of the involuted sleep pattern. Closer study of the early development of narcoleptics and of lability of state changes in narcolepsy may aid in diagnosis and prognosis for susceptible individuals.
A counterexample to the Bishop-Phelps Theorem in complex spaces

The Bishop-Phelps Theorem asserts that the set of functionals which attain the maximum value on a closed bounded convex subsetS of a real Banach spaceX is norm dense inX*. We show that this statement cannot be extended to general complex Banach spaces by constructing a closed bounded convex set with no support points.
Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of Vegetation

Hyperspectral analysis of vegetation involves obtaining spectral reflectance measurements in hundreds of bands in the electromagnetic spectrum. These measurements may be obtained using hand-held spectroradiometers or hyperspectral remote sensing instruments placed onboard aircraft or satellites. Hyperspectral remote sensing provides valuable information about vegetation type, leaf area index, biomass, chlorophyll, and leaf nutrient concentration which are used to understand ecosystem functions, vegetation growth, and nutrient cycling. This article first reviews hyperspectral remote sensing and then describes current modeling and classification techniques used to estimate and predict vegetation type and biophysical characteristics.
Optimal Parking Pricing in General Networks with Provision of Occupancy Information

Abstract This paper investigates the relations between dynamic parking prices and provision of parking information in a general parking network. Travelers are provided with the real-time occupancy and pricing information to make their parking choices. We first formulate the parking choices under the User Equilibrium (UE) conditions using the Variational Inequality (VI) approach. More importantly, the system optimal (SO) parking flow pattern and SO parking prices are also derived and solved efficiently using Linear Programming. Under SO, any two parking lots cannot be used at the same time by travelers between more than one O-D pairs. The SO parking flow pattern is not unique, which offers sufficient flexibility for operators to achieve different management objectives while keeping the flow pattern optimal. We show that any optimal flow pattern can be achieved by lot-based parking pricing schemes that only depend on the time or real-time occupancy. We finally solve both UE and SO in two numerical examples. The best system performance is usually achieved by the parking prices such that the more preferred (convenient) lot should be used fully up to a certain terminal occupancy of around 85%-95%. This essentially balances the parking congestion (namely cruising time) and the convenience of preferred lots. We also obtain the SO prices from the SO solution set, to produce constant arrival rates to each lot. This could mitigate the potential roadway congestion and queuing comparing to intensive arrival rates.
Quality of life in aphasia in the first post-stroke year

Abstract The term quality of life (QOL) is used by both scientists and lay persons and is defined in many different ways. One of the major challenges in measuring QOL results from the fact that it is a latent trait not subject to direct observation or countable phenomena. Specific attention to QOL in the stroke survivor has been rare. This paper reviews the literature, identifies some of the issues, and reports a study of QOL in 59 consecutively admitted post-stroke aphasic patients who were treated in a comprehensive rehabilitation medicine programme and followed from three to twelve months post onset. The results suggest that improved QOL in aphasic persons of all types in the first poststroke year relates to the intensity and duration of aphasia rehabilitation services which addresses language, communication strategies, copying skills, and psychosocial issues.
Glassy states in fermionic systems with strong disorder and interactions

We study the competition between interactions and disorder in two dimensions. Whereas a noninteracting system is always Anderson localized by disorder in two dimensions, a pure system can develop a Mott gap for sufficiently strong interactions. Within a simple model, with short-ranged repulsive interactions, we show that, even in the limit of strong interaction, the Mott gap is completely washed out by disorder for an infinite system for dimensions $D\ensuremath{\le}2$, leading to a glassy state. Moreover, the Mott insulator cannot maintain a broken symmetry in the presence of disorder. We then show that the probability of a nonzero gap as a function of system size falls onto a universal curve, reflecting the glassy dynamics. An analytic calculation is also presented in one dimension that provides further insight into the nature of slow dynamics.
Single‐Reference Coupled‐Cluster Calculations of the Triplet Ground‐State O2 Dissociation Potential

Three single-reference coupled-cluster single and double (CCSD) substitution models, CCSD + T(CCSD), CCSDT-1, and CCSD(T), exact through the fourth order of perturbation theory, are tested on the triplet ground-state dissociation potential of O2. For the unrestricted Hartree-Fock (UHF) initial approximation, the interatomic distance region R ˜ 2.4–2.7 a.u. is problematic due to large multireference character, and beyond R ˜ 3.0 a.u. spin contamination causes difficulties. To a large extent these deficiencies are cured by the coupled-cluster treatments. Fourth-order triples as well as higher-order singles and doubles play a significant role. A more flexible basis set than DZP is important, too. None of the methods tried reproduce the experimental potential curve to the desired accuracy (2 kcal/mol). However, in a 6–311 + + G(2df, 2p) basis, the CCSD(T) model does give spectroscopic constants that are correct within 0.2 eV for the dissociation energy De, 70 cm−1 for the harmonic vibrational frequency ve, and 0.5 cm−1 for the first anharmonicity constant veXe. This model also reproduces the potential throughout the dissociative region to better than 0.2 eV. Overall CCSD + T(CCSD) is considerably less satisfactory than CCSD(T); CCSDT-1 is similar to CCSD(T) in a DZP basis, but large basis calculations proved to be too time consuming.
Posthysterectomy vaginal vault prolapse: primary repair in 693 patients.

Abstract Objective: To examine the results of primary repair of posthysterectomy vaginal vault prolapse in a current, large series of patients with long-term follow-up. Methods: From January 1976 to December 1987, 693 patients underwent primary repair of vault prolapse at the Mayo Clinic. The Mayo culdoplasty technique was used in 95% of these patients. Patients were followed up by reference to their Mayo Clinic medical records, a specifically designed questionnaire, and pelvic examination in a subgroup of patients. Results: The median age at operation was 66 years. Abdominal hysterectomy had been performed on 49.5% of patients and vaginal hysterectomy on 43.4% (hysterectomy type was not documented on 7.1%). The median number of years to vault prolapse repair after hysterectomy was 15.8 (range 0.4–48.4). Information about prolapse after primary repair was available for 504 patients (72.7%) and 80 had evidence or complaint (bulge, protrusion) of recurrent prolapse. Thirty-six of 693 patients (5.2%) had subsequent prolapse repair. Eighty-two percent of patients indicated satisfaction with the result. Complications of operation included entry into the bladder or rectum (2.3% of patients), vault hematoma (1.3%), cuff infection (0.6%), and ureteral complications (0.6%). The number of patients presenting for vault prolapse repair increased during the study interval. Conclusion: The Mayo culdoplasty can be performed with minimal morbidity. It achieved an anatomic restoration of upper vaginal support in a high percentage of patients with long-term follow-up.
Analysis of deformation and fracture of 'pure shear' rubber testpiece

AbstractThe ‘pure shear’ testpiece featured prominently in classical studies of elasticity and fracture mechanics of rubber. It consists of a thin, rectangular strip of rubber held by rigid clamps along its long edges. When the clamps are pulled apart, the deformation in the rubber is a close approximation to pure shear, except in regions near the free edges. Deviation from pure shear is usually neglected. In this paper, the effects of neglecting deviation from pure shear in the end regions have been evaluated using non-linear finite element analysis. The ‘pure shear’ testpiece is commonly used for studies of fracture in rubber because it is amenable to a simple fracture mechanics analysis provided the crack length is long relative to its height. An analysis for short cracks has also been accomplished but this solution is less well established. Finite element analysis results for the strain energy release rate are presented and agree with the published solution for long cracks. However, they disagree with...
NpR3784 is the prototype for a distinctive group of red/green cyanobacteriochromes using alternative Phe residues for photoproduct tuning

Cyanobacteriochromes (CBCRs) are photosensory proteins found in cyanobacteria and are distantly related to the widespread phytochromes. Whereas plant phytochromes exhibit responses to red and far-red light, CBCRs use the same photoisomerization of a linear tetrapyrrole (bilin) chromophore to respond to a wide range of colors. NpR6012g4 from Nostoc punctiforme and AnPixJ from Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 belong to a large subfamily of red/green CBCRs that exhibit a red-absorbing dark state similar to that of phytochrome but a green-absorbing photoproduct rather than a far-red-absorbing one. In these canonical red/green CBCRs, the photoproduct is blue-shifted relative to the orange absorption observed in the absence of native protein structure. This spectral tuning of the photoproduct requires a conserved Phe residue on the second β strand of the CBCR GAF domain, consistent with a trapped-twist mechanism in which the bilin is sterically constrained in the photoproduct. N. punctiforme also produces NpR3784, a CBCR with a similar red/green photocycle to that of NpR6012g4. NpR3784 lacks both the β2 Phe and other residues characteristic of the canonical red/green CBCRs. In the current work, we identify NpR3784 homologs with red/green photocycles in other cyanobacteria. Spectral tuning in this NpR3784 group is accomplished by a different set of conserved Phe residues, including a characteristic Phe residue on β1. This set of Phe residues cannot be interchanged with the Phe residues found in canonical red/green CBCRs such as NpR6012g4. Our results provide new insights into the flexible protein–chromophore interactions used by CBCRs to generate their remarkable spectral diversity.
Helping Parents to Motivate Adolescents in Mathematics and Science An Experimental Test of a Utility-Value Intervention

The pipeline toward careers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) begins to leak in high school, when some students choose not to take advanced mathematics and science courses. We conducted a field experiment testing whether a theory-based intervention that was designed to help parents convey the importance of mathematics and science courses to their high school-aged children would lead them to take more mathematics and science courses in high school. The three-part intervention consisted of two brochures mailed to parents and a Web site, all highlighting the usefulness of STEM courses. This relatively simple intervention led students whose parents were in the experimental group to take, on average, nearly one semester more of science and mathematics in the last 2 years of high school, compared with the control group. Parents are an untapped resource for increasing STEM motivation in adolescents, and the results demonstrate that motivational theory can be applied to this important pipeline problem.
Modeling difference rewards for multiagent learning

Difference rewards (a particular instance of reward shaping) have been used to allow multiagent domains to scale to large numbers of agents, but they remain difficult to compute in many domains. We present an approach to modeling the global reward using function approximation that allows the quick computation of shaped difference rewards. We demonstrate how this model can result in significant improvements in behavior for two air traffic control problems. We show how the model of the global reward may be either learned on- or off-line using a linear combination of neural networks.