cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An ab-initio framework for discovering high-temperature superconductors

The role of the dielectric function in superconductivity has been extensively discussed. It has been suggested that negative values of the dielectric function can serve as a mechanism of superconductivity, and that the critical temperature $$T_\mathrm{c}$$ can be directly expressed in terms of the dielectric function. We survey the possibility of implementing this theory using ab-initio density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) codes. Success will allow the prediction and study of novel superconductors to be performed efficiently on computers, revolutionizing the search for room-temperature superconductivity. Bulk aluminum is studied to test and illustrate the various components of the implementation, and to compare with previous predictions. We show the first ab-initio computation of the dielectric function of bulk aluminum, which matches to very high accuracy with experiment. However, we also see that for full implementation of the proposed methodology, further work is required, which we believe is within reach. In the spirit of engineering new materials with these tools, we also explore decorated carbon nanotubes as potential realizations of Little’s model.
Critical social science and conflict transformation: opportunities for citizen governance

Critical theory has rarely articulated an agenda for social change linking theory to practice. This paper provides several examples of “critical theory in practice” and focuses specifically on Fay’s Critical Social Science (CSS) model. The methods of conflict transformation are then applied to CSS in order to accomplish two goals. First, political conflicts resulting from decision making can be used to transform both individuals and systems. Second, CSS more adequately accounts for some of the non-rational aspects of human nature, such as our resistance to change, thus improving its catalytic validity as a critical social theory. Together, the processes of CSS and conflict transformation provide a framework for enhancing the potential for citizen governance.
Business administration training for dermatology residents: preparing for the business of medicine.

Abstract Previous studies have evidenced the lack of practice management and business training components in the residency curriculum, and that satisfaction with this training, when provided, was low. Whether considered good or bad, medicine has been moving increasingly toward becoming more business centric. Dermatology represents a unique field, because most residents choose to pursue private practice, where competent business skills are helpful to running a successful clinic. Our study examines the current state of business administration training for dermatology residents in Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education–approved programs as of 2017 to 2018. Our results show that residents both value and desire business administration training; however, the current training provided is considered to be insufficient and inadequate. Promoting and encouraging the teaching of business administration skills, while still balancing core competencies, may help to prepare residents in navigating the future of our field.
Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound for rotator cuff tears

Ultrasonography (US) is an inexpensive, convenient, and effective tool that can be used to evaluate the shoulder. It does not expose the patient to harmful radiation and can be used to evaluate the musculoskeletal system dynamically. Additionally, US is not subject to metal artifacts when evaluating patients with previously placed hardware. Over the years, US has been found to be reliable and accurate for diagnosing rotator cuff tears (RCTs), despite its operatordependence. The usage of US for diagnosing RCTs in orthopedic practice varies depending on practitioners' familiarity with the exam and the availability of experienced technicians. The purpose of this article is to review the diagnostic accuracy of US for identifying RCTs.
Adequacy criteria for voided urine cytology using cytospin preparations

BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested that urine cytology adequacy may be related to both specimen volume and cellularity. METHODS The authors reviewed cytospin preparations from 314 urine specimens (162 voided and 152 instrumented specimens) found to have high-grade urothelial carcinoma on biopsy. RESULTS The sensitivity of instrumented urine cytology was significantly higher than that of voided cytology (82% vs 25%; P < .001). The cellularity (at least 30 urothelial cells/10 high-power fields [HPF]) of instrumented urine specimens also was significantly higher than that of voided specimens (57% vs 9%; P < .001). The sensitivity of voided urine cytology with a cellularity of 20 to 39 cells per 10 HPF was significantly higher than that of cases with <20 cells per 10 HPF (77% vs 19%; P < .001). The sensitivity decreased with higher cellularity for both types of specimens. The sensitivity of voided cases with a volume of at least 30 mL was higher than that of cases with a volume <30 mL, but this was not statistically significant (31% vs 17%; P = .07). CONCLUSIONS The sensitivity of voided urine cytology for high-grade urothelial carcinoma is significantly associated with urothelial cellularity but not specimen volume. Both the cellularity and sensitivity of voided urine specimens are less than that of instrumented specimens.
IoT Sensor Network Approach for Smart Farming: An Application in Food, Energy and Water System

As the global population soars from today's 7.3 billion to an estimated 10 billion by 2050, the demand for Food, Energy and Water (FEW) is expected to more than double. Such an increase in population and consequently, in the demand for FEW resources will undoubtedly be a great challenge for humankind. A challenge that will be exacerbated by the need for humankind to meet the greater demand for resources with a smaller ecological footprint. This paper is proposing a system developed to optimize the use of water, energy, fertilizers for agricultural crops as a solution to this great challenge. It is an automated smart irrigation system that uses real time data from wireless sensor networks to schedule an irrigation. The test-bed consists of a wireless network monitoring soil moisture, temperature, solar radiation, humidity, and fertilizer sensors embedded in the root area of the crops and around the test-bed. Wireless sensor data transmission and acquisition is managed by an Access Point (AP) using ZigBee protocol. An algorithm was established based on threshold values of temperature and soil moisture automated into a programmable micro-controller to control irrigation time. The system's energy demand is completely supplied by a solar Photo-voltaic (PV) panel supplemented with an energy storage unit. The experimental data obtained from this prototype will be modeled and optimized to investigate food production profile as a function of energy and water consumption. It will also attempt to understand the effect of extreme weather conditions on food production. This holistic approach will explore the nexus between water and energy resources, and crop yield for several essential crops in an attempt to design a more sustainable method to meet the forecasted surge in demand.
Frailty as a Predictor of Postoperative Outcomes among Patients with Head and Neck Cancer.

ObjectivesTo understand measures of frailty among preoperative patients and explain how these can predict perioperative outcomes among patients with head and neck cancer.Study DesignRetrospective c...
Developmental Maturation: Drosophila AstA Signaling Provides a Kiss to Grow Up

Summary Insect metamorphosis and mammalian puberty exhibit similar design principles, but the conservation of molecular components has not been documented. A new study demonstrates that the insect neuropeptide allatostatin A and its receptor AstAR1 activate a neuroendocrine signaling cascade that initiates metamorphosis, similar to the way in which their mammalian orthologs Kisspeptin and KISS1R induce puberty.
Entrepreneurship and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Psychological Functioning:

Well-being is an essential outcome of engagement in entrepreneurship, but the pathway from self-employment to well-being is poorly understood. To address this, we develop a model in which psycholog...
Experimental Study on the Propagation and Stability of Tidal Vortices

AbstractLaboratory studies of tidal vortex formation and propagation through an idealized inlet configuration are presented for various water depths over flat bathymetry. Using surface particle ima...
Abstract 1311: Inhibition of gankyrin-tumor suppressor protein interactions due to small molecule induced conformational change

Introduction: Gankyrin is a highly conserved, 25 kDa protein containing 7 ankyrin repeats that binds to the S6 ATPase subunit of the 26S proteasome. It plays a crucial role in cellular growth, proliferation and metastasis. It is found to be largely overexpressed in a variety of malignancies and its abnormal overexpression makes it a biomarker in certain cancers. Gankyrin promotes cellular growth and proliferation through a variety of protein-protein interactions. Specifically, it binds to and promotes degradation of numerous tumor suppressor proteins (TSPs) such as p53 and retinoblastoma protein by promoting their proteasomal degradation. In 2016, a small molecule binder of gankyrin (cjoc42), demonstrated an ability to inhibit gankyrin activity in a dose dependent manner by inhibiting gankyrin’s interaction with certain TSPs as well as the proteasome. Methods: In this research, we hypothesize that small molecule binding of gankyrin brings about a conformational change that inhibits its interaction with certain TSPs as well as the proteasome. In order to test this hypothesis, we have performed a series of fluorescence based experiments. We investigated the effect cjoc42 binding to gankyrin has on its intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence as well as its effect on fluorescently conjugated gankyrin. Follow up experiments consisted of both simple western blotting and co-immunoprecipitation assays to further investigate the ability of cjoc42 to induce a conformational change in gankyrin. Discussion: We observed a diminished fluorescence intensity for both the intrinsic and labeled gankyrin experiments when in the presence of cjoc42. Western blot and Co-IP experiments are currently underway to further support our findings. Conclusion: Cjoc42, a small molecule binder of gankyrin, appears to induce a conformational change. This conformational change appears to play a prominent role in regulating certain protein-protein interactions. Furthermore, this suggests that gankyrin9s binding to specific TSPs and the proteasome are modulated by this mechanism. Citation Format: Abbas Kabir, Aaron Muth. Inhibition of gankyrin-tumor suppressor protein interactions due to small molecule induced conformational change [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1311.
Alteration of Cellular Reduction Potential Will Change 64Cu-ATSM Signal With or Without Hypoxia

Therapies targeting reductive/oxidative (redox) metabolism hold potential in cancers resistant to chemotherapy and radiation. A redox imaging marker would help identify cancers susceptible to redox-directed therapies. Copper(II)-diacetyl-bis(4-methylthiosemicarbazonato) (Cu-ATSM) is a PET tracer developed for hypoxia imaging that could potentially be used for this purpose. We aimed to demonstrate that Cu-ATSM signal is dependent on cellular redox state, irrespective of hypoxia. Methods: We investigated the relationship between 64Cu-ATSM signal and redox state in human cervical and colon cancer cells. We altered redox state using drug strategies and single-gene mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDH1/2). Concentrations of reducing molecules were determined by spectrophotometry and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and compared with 64Cu-ATSM signal in vitro. Mouse models of cervical cancer were used to evaluate the relationship between 64Cu-ATSM signal and levels of reducing molecules in vivo, as well as to evaluate the change in 64Cu-ATSM signal after redox-active drug treatment. Results: A correlation exists between baseline 64Cu-ATSM signal and cellular concentration of glutathione, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). Altering NADH and NADPH metabolism using drug strategies and IDH1 mutations resulted in significant changes in 64Cu-ATSM signal under normoxic conditions. Hypoxia likewise changed 64Cu-ATSM signal, but treatment of hypoxic cells with redox-active drugs resulted in a more dramatic change than hypoxia alone. A significant difference in NADPH was seen between cervical tumor orthotopic implants in vivo, without a corresponding difference in 64Cu-ATSM signal. After treatment with β-lapachone, there was a change in 64Cu-ATSM signal in xenograft tumors smaller than 50 mg but not in larger tumors. Conclusion:64Cu-ATSM signal reflects redox state, and altering redox state impacts 64Cu-ATSM metabolism. Our animal data suggest there are other modulating factors in vivo. These findings have implications for the use of 64Cu-ATSM as a predictive marker for redox therapies, though further in vivo work is needed.
The Interpretation of Phase-Slip and Critical-Velocity Data from the Flow of Superfluid 4He through a 2 μm by 2 μm Aperture

An analysis has been made of phase-slip and critical-velocity data for both the ac and dc flow of superfluid 4 He through a 2 μm by 2 μm aperture in a 0.1-μm-thick titanium foil between 0.36 and 2.10 K. Single-2π phase slips were resolvable over the entire range of temperature in the ac flow measurements, carried out between 10 and 20 Hz, making it possible to determine the width of the critical-velocity distribution throughout the temperature range from these measurements. These data have been interpreted in terms of the thermal nucleation of vortex half-rings at the walls of the aperture, involving a velocity- and temperature-dependent energy barrier. The barrier can be modeled with moderate success using an approach close to that of Avenel and Varoquaux and coworkers.
Impact of Parental Resources on Student Outcomes Using Elementary School Data

This paper examines the use of parental volunteer hours in elementary schools in the state of Kentucky and assesses whether they improve student learning in math, reading, writing, science, and social studies. A unique annual school-level panel dataset was created of over 600 elementary schools from 2000 until 2017. This approach is novel because it permits investigation of the impact of parental involvement in schools through achievement distributions in each subject area. The findings suggest that use of parental volunteer hours tends to reduce the percentage of students at the low end of the achievement distribution and increases the percentage at the high end in many grades and across several subjects. No instances were identified of detrimental impacts. The research implications are that opportunities may exist for school districts to improve student outcomes through encouragement and increased use of parental involvement in schools.
The links between job insecurity, financial well‐being and financial stress: A moderated mediation model

This study proposed a nuanced approach to the association between job insecurity and financial stress by examining whether financial well‐being mediates the established association. In addition, we examined whether the association between the job insecurity and financial stress, through financial well‐being, is moderated by income. For this study, we conducted a path analysis using 1,145 survey respondents. Results revealed a significant relationship between the job insecurity and financial stress and a partial mediation effect of financial well‐being. Moreover, the indirect effect of job insecurity on financial stress through financial well‐being was moderated by income. Although people who have higher financial well‐being were more likely to have lower financial stress, this relationship varied by income such that it was stronger for higher income groups than for lower income groups. Our findings provide insights into the way job insecurity and financial well‐being influence financial stress. This study will help the researchers and practitioners develop more effective and adaptive intervention programmes and resources for individuals and families. Implications for practice and directions for future research are discussed.
Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound for Assessment of Local Hemodynamic Changes Following a Rodent Contusion Spinal Cord Injury.

INTRODUCTION Severe trauma to the spinal cord leads to a near complete loss of blood flow at the injury site along with significant hypoperfusion of adjacent tissues. Characterization and monitoring of local tissue hypoperfusion is currently not possible in clinical practice because available imaging techniques do not allow for assessment of blood flow with sufficient spatial and temporal resolutions. The objective of the current study was to determine whether ultrafast contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) imaging could be used to visualize and quantify acute hemodynamic changes in a rat traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) model. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used novel ultrasound acquisition and processing methods that allowed for measurements of local tissue perfusion as well as for assessment of structural and functional integrity of spinal vasculature. RESULTS CEUS imaging showed that traumatic SCI results in (1) an area with significant loss of perfusion, which increased during the first hour after injury, (2) structural alterations of the spinal cord vasculature, and (3) significant slowing of arterial blood flow velocities around the injury epicenter. CONCLUSION We conclude that CEUS has the spatial and temporal sensitivity and resolution to visualize local tissue perfusion and vessel architecture, which maybe useful clinically to determine injury extent and severity in patients with SCI.
Ultrafast Photocurrent and Absorption Microscopy of Few-Layer TMD Devices Isolate Rate-Limiting Dynamics Driving Fast and Efficient Photoresponse

Despite inherently poor interlayer conductivity, photodetectors made from few-layer stacked 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) such as WSe2 and MoS2 often yield a desirable fast (≤∼90 ps) a...
Chronic Abdominal Pain

Chronic abdominal pain, loosely defined as recurrent episodes of pain occurring at least weekly for 1–2 months, is common in children, estimated to affect approximately 20 % of school-age children. It is responsible for increased absences from school, family disruption, and considerable depression and anxiety. In the great majority of children, chronic abdominal pain is functional in nature—without objective evidence of underlying organic disease. Whereas surgeons are the principle caretakers for children with acute abdominal pain, pediatricians and gastroenterologists provide the bulk of care for those with chronic abdominal pain. The primary role for surgeons in this patient population is to identify and treat the 10–15 % who have an underlying organic disorder as the source of their pain. Even a surgical evaluation which fails to reveal an organic cause has merit because it provides reassurance to the family and allows the primary care provider to transition from a diagnostic mode to formulation of a treatment plan for symptom relief.
American Quarantine The Right to Housing in a Pandemic

In the US, quarantine requires we stay home, but many do not have homes to stay in or may lose theirs due to job or wage loss For this reason, moratoria have been put on evictions At the same time, after the latest police killings, and during ensuing protests against racist policing in June 2020, some were arrested for curfew violations, many pulled off the streets but others out of their homes or off their stoops A real right to housing addresses both homelessness and uncurbed police powers that round up and break in To address current emergencies and correct larger wrongs of American life, a rent jubilee would better protect tenants than a moratorium It could be construed as a "taking," allowed by the 5th Amendment, compensating landlords for their properties' being taken to serve a "public use " Popular takings, too, are rising up on behalf of a right to housing that goes beyond rent moratoria for some and the provision of low-grade "public housing" for others
The rich inner life of the cell nucleus: dynamic organization, active flows, and emergent rheology

The cell nucleus stores the genetic material essential for life, and provides the environment for transcription, maintenance, and replication of the genome. Moreover, the nucleoplasm is filled with subnuclear bodies such as nucleoli that are responsible for other vital functions. Overall, the nucleus presents a highly heterogeneous and dynamic environment with diverse functionality. Here, we propose that its biophysical complexity can be organized around three inter-related and interactive facets: heterogeneity, activity, and rheology. Most nuclear constituents are sites of active, ATP-dependent processes and are thus inherently dynamic: The genome undergoes constant rearrangement, the nuclear envelope flickers and fluctuates, nucleoli migrate and coalesce, and many of these events are mediated by nucleoplasmic flows and interactions. And yet there is spatiotemporal organization in terms of hierarchical structure of the genome, its coherently moving regions and membrane-less compartmentalization via phase-separated nucleoplasmic constituents. Moreover, the non-equilibrium or activity-driven nature of the nucleus gives rise to emergent rheology and material properties that impact all cellular processes via the central dogma of molecular biology. New biophysical insights into the cell nucleus can come from appreciating this rich inner life.
A longitudinal study of personality traits, anxiety, and depressive disorders in young adults.

How personality traits, anxiety, and depressive disorders relate longitudinally has implications for etiologic research and prevention. We sought to determine how neuroticism and extraversion relat...
Understanding consumers perceptions toward biotechnology and labeling

Risk perceptions about biotechnology and genetically modified (GM) foods drive the choices made by many consumers. In this paper, we address two important issues; namely, consumer preferences for mandatory labeling of products using biotechnology, as well as consumer response toward three different types of genetically modified processes (biotechnology applications to increase the nutritional content of potatoes, increase potato flavor, and a decrease in pesticide use). We identify socio-demographic characteristics that affect consumer preference for mandatory labeling as well as the support level that might be associated with biotechnology techniques that could improve upon potato characteristics identified as important by the consumer.
Cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa presenting as a paraneoplastic phenomenon in chronic myelogenous leukemia.

There is a well-established relationship between vasculitides and malignancy. The most common type of cutaneous vasculitis associated with both hematologic and solid organ malignancy is leukocytoclastic vasculitis, a small-vessel vasculitis.1, 2, 3, 4 Other systemic vasculitides with cutaneous manifestations seen in association with malignancy include systemic polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) and the antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitides, including microscopic polyangiitis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis.3 Cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa (cPAN), a rare variant of systemic PAN, is a skin-limited small-to-medium vessel vasculitis affecting patients of all ages.5 Clinically, cPAN and systemic PAN present similarly with initial cutaneous findings of livedo reticularis and tender subcutaneous nodules, which are most commonly found on the lower extremities.5 Cutaneous ulceration and retiform purpura may also be seen in both conditions. Cutaneous PAN is not commonly associated with malignancy. We present a case of cPAN developing in the context of underlying chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and resolving with treatment for CML, supportive of a paraneoplastic presentation of cPAN.
Uncertainty Visualization for Renewable Energy Potential

In this paper, we present the reV (Renewable Energy Potential) Dashboard, an interactive browser-based tool for uncertainty visualization and data exploration built using customized plotly dash components. With continuing development and utilization of computational models to study the power sector there is an increasing need for data-driven visualization tools which allow scientists, researchers, and engineers to interact with their data in real-time. Our principle motivation for developing this interactive uncertainty visualization was to provide domain scientists and modelers a platform which allows them to better understand and communicate scientific findings stemming from intricate information encoded in their data that is otherwise difficult to capture by conventional analysis. The development of customized dashboard components using the React programming paradigm, combined with fully pre-processed data, allows for users to select a variety of data options to update and manipulate the visualization in a straightforward computationally efficient manner.
Journeying through the DNP project: A qualitative, descriptive study

Abstract Background As a requirement of doctor in nursing practice (DNP) programs, a final scholarly project is required. Little is known about the student experience initiating, implementing, evaluating, and disseminating the scholarly DNP project. Purpose The purpose of this qualitative, descriptive study was to explore descriptions of what it is like to move through the DNP project process, from the perspective of successful recent DNP graduates. Method Using purposive, convenience, and snowball sampling, 15 recent DNP graduates were recruited to participate in a semi-structured interview. Using a pragmatic, open coding approach with constant comparison, four researchers evaluated the transcripts and reduced the data three times by coding and categorizing, clustering responses so the essential theme emerged. Results Nine categories were interpreted, and one overarching theme emerged: Journeying Through the DNP Project. A metaphor weaving together the categories is offered. Conclusion Faculty support, through communication and mentorship, is strongly encouraged. Rigor of projects needs to be enhanced. Student experiences may be improved by faculty establishing supportive student relationships and ensuring that faculty understand the differences between and among research, evidence-based practice, quality improvement, and process improvement. The DNP student experience can be enhanced with program support and faculty mentorship and support.
Autonomous Distributed 3D Radiation Field Estimation for Nuclear Environment Characterization

This paper contributes a method designed to enable autonomous distributed 3D nuclear radiation field mapping. The algorithm uses a single radiation sensor and a sequence of spatially distributed and robotically acquired radiation measurements across a discretized 3D grid to derive a radiation gradient. The derived gradient is probabilistically propagated to unknown components of the map to further guide a curiosity-driven path planner by identifying the next most radiologically informative point given available information. To demonstrate the method, we develop a resilient micro flying robot capable of autonomous GPS-denied navigation that integrates a Thallium–doped Cesium Iodide (CsI(Tl)) scintillator and Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPm) combined with custom–built pulse counting circuitry. A set of experimental studies is presented inside an indoor facility within which actual radioactive uranium ore sources have been distributed.
Hispanics in the United States: A Demographic, Social, and Economic History, 1980-2005

In 1980 the US government began to systematically collect data on Hispanics. By 2005 the Latino population of the United States had become the nation's largest minority and is projected to comprise about one-third of the total US population in 2050. Utilizing census data and other statistical source materials, this book examines the transformations in the demographic, social, and economic structures of Latino-Americans in the United States between 1980 and 2005. Unlike most other studies, this book presents data on transformations over time, rather than a static portrait of specific topics at particular moments. Latino-Americans are examined over this twenty-five year period in terms of their demographic structures, changing patterns of wealth and poverty, educational attainment, citizenship and voter participation, occupational structures, employment, and unemployment. The result is a detailed socioeconomic portrait by region and over time that indicates the basic patterns that have lead to the formation of a complex national minority group that has become central to US society.
A hybrid method for feature generation

Abstract Existing approaches to constructive induction have been largely empirical, starting with structural features and combining them successively into higher level features. This paper describes a hybrid analytical/empirical method for feature generation for inductive concept learning. The goal of this method is to be able to generate useful features to improve problem solving performance in intractable domains, given only a theory of the domain and the ability to perform in the domain. An implementation of this method is able to generate useful features for the OTHELLO board game, given just a domain theory and the ability to interact with an opponent.
The Kingdom of God in Samuel

This paper argues that the idea of the kingdom of God in the Hebrew Bible refers to theocracy – the political system in which authority is exercised by God’s representative on earth. The relevant texts, most importantly parts of the Book of Samuel, explore the advantages and disadvantages of theocratic rule and compare that form of government with other models. Bible’s treatment of this topic is subtle and nuanced, recognizing virtues in theocratic rule but concluding, overall, that it does not deliver sustainable and effective governance in the real world.
Digital human modeling for product lifecycle management

This paper presents the current and probable future applications of Digital Human Modeling (DHM) in Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) implementations. A Formula 1 race car and a marine vessel were developed by the integration of PLM and DHM software packages. Dassault Systemes' CATIA V5 PLM solution package was used for CAD/CAE design/analysis and UGS Tecnomatix JACK software was utilized for visual/mathematical ergonomics and human analysis. Literature review for future work, [1] and [2], was discussed to investigate the potentials of DHM in PLM for simulation of a blast motion in Navy vessels. The results and observations indicated that integration of DHM and PLM packages have potentials to improve the product development efforts and offer an enhanced approach for simulation of complex systems where there is human-machine integration.
El rol de las escuelas de negocios en el desarrollo de destrezas gerenciales: análisis conceptual

Resumen es: Este articulo revisa la literatura sobre aprendizaje y desarrollo de destrezas con el objeto de discutir el alcance de los programas de destrezas gerenci...
Growth in New Disabled-Worker Entitlements, 1970–2008

We find that three factors — (1) population growth, (2) the growth in the proportion of women insured for disability, and (3) the movement of the large baby boom generation into disability-prone ages — explain 90 percent of the growth in new disabled-worker entitlements over the 36-year subperiod (1972–2008). The remaining 10 percent is the part attributable to the disability “incidence rate.” Looking at the two subperiods (1972–1990 and 1990–2008), unadjusted measures appear to show faster growth in the incidence rate in the later period than in the earlier one. This apparent speedup disappears once we account for the changing demographic structure of the insured population. Although the adjusted growth in the incidence rate accounts for 17 percent of the growth in disability entitlements in the earlier subperiod, it accounts for only 6 percent of the growth in the more recent half. Demographic factors explain the remaining 94 percent of growth over the 1990–2008 period.
Is the Decremental Pattern in Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome Different from That in Myasthenia Gravis? (P2.080)

OBJECTIVE: To determine if the decremental pattern to low-frequency repetitive nerve stimulation (LF-RNS) distinguishes between myasthenia gravis (MG) and the Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS). BACKGROUND: Decremental responses to LF-RNS are seen in MG and LEMS, but a “U-shaped” or non-progressive pattern has been said to be characteristic of MG. METHODS: RNS studies performed at 3/sec were retrospectively reviewed from 58 muscles in 34 LEMS patients and 54 muscles in 44 patients with MG, 38 of whom had acetylcholine receptor antibodies (AChR-ab), 4 had MuSK antibodies, and 2 had neither antibody. In each train, we calculated the percent fall in negative peak compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude from the first to the 4th or 5th CMAP (“early decrement”) and from the 1st to the 9th or 10th CMAP (“late decrement”), and the ratio between the early and late decrement (“Late/Early%”). Receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated to determine the Late/Early% value that best distinguished between LEMS and MG. Positive and negative predictive values for each disease were calculated for this optimum Late/Early% value. RESULTS: T-test showed significant differences between Late/Early% values in LEMS and MG (p<0.0001): late decrement was greater than early decrement in LEMS (mean Late/Early% = 118%) and the converse was true in MG (mean Late/Early% = 85%), but there was considerable overlap in individual values. ROC curves showed that a Late/Early% of 102% discriminated between LEMS and MG in 89% of studies. The decremental pattern in MuSK MG patients resembled that in LEMS. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that when the decrement becomes progressively greater during LF-RNS, the patient is more likely to have LEMS than MG, and in MG, is more likely to have MuSK antibodies. This LF-RNS pattern should prompt further electrophysiologic, serological and clinical evaluations to clarify the diagnosis. Disclosure: Dr. Sanders has received personal compensation for activities with Athena Diagnostics as a speaker, and with Accordant Health Services, Jacobus Pharmaceuticals, CytoKinetics, GlaxoSmithKline Inc., Alexion, and UCB Pharma as a consultant. Dr. Cao has nothing to disclose. Dr. Massey has received personal compensation for activities with Allergan, Inc. Dr. Massey has received research support from Cytokinetics, the National Institutes of Health, Allergan, Inc., and Merz Pharma. Dr. Juel has received research support from Jacobus Pharmaceuticals and the U.S Food and Drug Administration. Dr. Hobson-Webb has nothing to disclose. Dr. Guptil has received personal compensation for activities with UCB Pharma as a consultant, and Grifols as a scientific advisory board member.
Family histories of anxiety in overweight men and women with binge eating disorder: A preliminary investigation

Abstract Objective A preliminary examination of the significance of family histories of anxiety in the expression of binge eating disorder (BED) and associated functioning. Methods Participants were 166 overweight patients with BED assessed using diagnostic interviews. Participants were administered a structured psychiatric history interview about their first-degree relatives (parents, siblings, children) ( N =897) to determine lifetime diagnoses of DSM-IV anxiety disorders and completed a battery of questionnaires assessing current and historical eating and weight variables and associated psychological functioning (depression). Results BED patients with a family history of anxiety disorder were significantly more likely than BED patients without a family history of anxiety disorder to have lifetime diagnoses of anxiety disorders and mood disorders but not substance use disorders. A family history of anxiety was not significantly associated with timing or sequencing of age at onset of anxiety disorder, binge eating, dieting, or obesity, or with variability in current levels of binge eating, eating disorder psychopathology, or psychological functioning. Conclusions Although replication with direct interview method is needed, our preliminary findings suggest that a family history of anxiety confers greater risk for comorbid anxiety and mood disorders but is largely unrelated to the development of binge eating, dieting, or obesity and unrelated to variability in eating disorder psychopathology or psychological functioning in overweight patients with BED.
Natural Selection, Infectious Transfer and the Existence Conditions for Bacterial Plasmids

Despite the near-ubiquity of plasmids in bacterial populations and the profound contribution of infectious gene transfer to the adaptation and evolution of bacteria, the mechanisms responsible for the maintenance of plasmids in bacterial populations are poorly understood. In this article, we address the question of how plasmids manage to persist over evolutionary time. Empirical studies suggest that plasmids are not infectiously transmitted at a rate high enough to be maintained as genetic parasites. In part i, we present a general mathematical proof that if this is the case, then plasmids will not be able to persist indefinitely solely by carrying genes that are beneficial or sometimes beneficial to their host bacteria. Instead, such genes should, in the long run, be incorporated into the bacterial chromosome. If the mobility of host-adaptive genes imposes a cost, that mobility will eventually be lost. In part ii, we illustrate a pair of mechanisms by which plasmids can be maintained indefinitely even when their rates of transmission are too low for them to be genetic parasites. First, plasmids may persist because they can transfer locally adapted genes to newly arriving strains bearing evolutionary innovations, and thereby preserve the local adaptations in the face of background selective sweeps. Second, plasmids may persist because of their ability to shuttle intermittently favored genes back and forth between various (noncompeting) bacterial strains, ecotypes, or even species.
Passing the torch

It is with a proud sense of accomplishment that I am sharing with you this last Editorial during my tenure as your Editor-in-Chief. Since January 1, 2007, I have had the honor and privilege of serving as APJM’s first Editor-in-Chief who is based outside of Asia. Now, after nearly three years and hundreds of manuscripts, I am pleased to announce my editorial retirement and introduce to you our next Editor-inChief, Professor David Ahlstrom. This Editorial (1) offers some reflections on my experience of editing APJM, (2) reports a few recent developments since my last Editorial (Peng, 2009b), and (3) introduces our next Editor-in-Chief.
Model reduction with alternatives to the standard hankel matrix

The problem of deriving a low dimensional model from a given data record arises frequently in fields such as engineering, economics, or biology. In the context of a stochastic realization algorithm, this study considers three variations of model reduction techniques based on singular value decomposition. Applying Monte Carlo methods, the accuracy of the alternatives in approximating impulse responses is investigated for various sample sizes.
The Ordinary Concept of Happiness (and Others Like It)

The authors provide evidence for a distinction between two fundamentally different kinds of emotion concepts. Certain concepts serve simply to pick out a psychological state, whereas others involve a role for moral evaluation.
Human T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity: Role of subsets and neutralization of cytotoxicity by anti-α-lymphotoxin serum

Abstract T cells were isolated from peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and sensitized to allogeneic PBL in a one-way mixed lymphocyte culture. The sensitized cells were fractionated on the basis of the presence of Fc receptors for IgG (TG+) or IgM (TM+), or the absence of both IgG and IgM receptors (TG−,M−). The Cytotoxicity of the T cells was found to reside principally in the TG−,M− subset. The degree of target cell lysis by this subset was related to the effector-to-target cell ratio. The sensitized T cells were also separated into subsets by treatment with monoclonal OKT4 antibody and complement (yielding OKT8+ cells) or OKT8 antibody and complement (yielding OKT4+ cells). The OKT8+ subset was the more cytotoxic of the two subsets, and this Cytotoxicity was again related to the effector-to-target cell ratio. The T-cell subsets obtained by these methods were characterized by immunologie and morphologic means. The Cytotoxicity of the total sensitized T-cell population or the TG−,M− subset could be neutralized to a considerable extent by anti-human α-lymphotoxin (anti-α-LT) serum, and α-LT thus appears to have an important role in cytolysis in this system.
Incentives and Loss of Control in an Optimal Hierarchy

This paper studies incentives and loss of control in a hierarchy model which combines and generalizes the models of Williamson, Calvo-Wellisz and Keren-Levhari. In our model of the hierarchy, the levels of effort from managers and workers, the wage scales, the span of control and, in particular, the total number of tiers are all endogenous. Using optimal control techniques, we show that in the optimal hierarchy the wage scales and effort levels decrease as one moves down the hierarchy. As the hierarchy expands with no technological progress, workers exert less effort and are paid less, top managers work harder and are paid more and the wage distribution becomes increasingly skewed.
Unequal contribution to ribosomal assembly of both str alleles in Escherichia coli merodiploids and its relationship to the dominance phenomenon

Abstract Two Escherichia coli strains were constructed which are reciprocal diploids for the str locus and isogenic for this region of the chromosome ( str s /′F str r and str r /′F str 3 ). During exponential growth the steady-state ribosomal pools of both merodiploids are comprised of about 90%, or more, of streptomycin-sensitive ribosomes. Little effect of allele position was found. A similar preponderance of sensitive 30 S subunits over those that are resistant has been found during limited subunit reconstitution when an equimolar mixture of ribosomal proteins from both phenotypes was initially present. The results indicate that the rates of 30 S subunit assembly of both phenotypes are different, and that the sensitive sub-units predominate over the resistant subunits, suggesting that the difference in biosynthetic rate may be the basis for the dominance of this phenotype in vivo . An explanation for some aspects of the physiology of str diploids have been suggested in terms of these findings.
Serum glucocorticoids have persistent and controlling effects on insulinlike growth factor I action under serum-free assay conditions in cultured human fibroblasts.

The biological actions of insulinlike growth factor I (IGF-I) measured under serum-free assay conditions were found to be significantly influenced by prior subculture conditions for adult human fibroblasts. Glucocorticoids seemed to be the major medium variable affecting IGF-I action. IGF-I added to serum-free cultures had little or no effect on [14C]aminoisobutyric acid uptake or [3H]thymidine incorporation in human fibroblasts previously maintained in media containing serum with low glucocorticoid levels or in serum stripped of endogenous steroids. However, a 48-h preincubation with dexamethasone resulted in a marked synergistic increase in IGF-I stimulation of [14C]aminoisobutyric acid uptake and [3Hthymidine incorporation in these cultures. In contrast, IGF-I in serum-free medium seemed to be a potent mitogenic and metabolic stimulus for human fibroblasts which had been subcultured in media with a high glucocorticoid content, either endogenous, or supplemented. After these culture conditions, a 48-h preexposure to dexamethasone had no further enhancing effect on IGF-I action. Dexamethasone also potentiated IGF-I, insulin, and epidermal growth factor stimulation of fibroblast replication depending on the earlier subcultivation conditions. Thus, glucocorticoids are important modulators of IGF-I bioactivity in cultured human fibroblasts. Serum glucocorticoids can exert a profound influence on the biological phenomena measured in cell culture, even when the serum has been removed before the actual experiment, and must be carefully taken into account for accurate evaluation of the biological function of IGF-I and other growth factors.
Simultaneous Global Pressure and Temperature Measurement Technique for Hypersonic Wind Tunnels

High-temperature luminescent coatings are being developed and applied for simultaneous pressure and temperature mapping in conventional-type hypersonic wind tunnels, providing global pressure as well as Global aeroheating measurements. Together, with advanced model fabrication and analysis methods, these techniques will provide a more rapid and complete experimental aerodynamic and aerothermodynamic database for future aerospace vehicles. The current status in development of simultaneous pressure- and temperature-sensitive coatings and measurement techniques for hypersonic wind tunnels at Langley Research Center is described. and initial results from a feasibility study in the Langley 31-Inch Mach 10 Tunnel are presented.
The influence of concanavalin A and cytochalasin B on pinocytotic activity inAmoeba proteus

Addition of concanavalin A to a suspension ofAmoeba proteus brings about cellular agglutination and the formation of what appear to be pinocytotic channels in cell surface projections. Although concanavalin A apparently brings about pinocytotic channel formation, it does not elicit bulk medium uptake or surface membrane turnover. Cytochalasin B brings about an initial cessation of locomotion and the development of a number of randomly distributed pseudopods. After a 30 to 45 minute exposure to cytochalasin B, the cells resume their normal appearance and pattern of locomotion. Cytochalasin B itself has no influence on inducing pinocytotic channel formation or membrane turnover, but when pinocytosis is induced with 0.01% alcian blue, pinocytotic activity is greatly intensified by the presence of cytochalasin B.