cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Correlation of Stuart Fork Formation with Rocks of Western Paleozoic and Triassic Belt, Klamath Mountains, California: ABSTRACT

End_Page 1758------------------------------Rocks of the Stuart Fork Formation, previously considered part of the central metamorphic belt of the Klamath Mountains, California, are correlative with unnamed rocks of the adjacent western Paleozoic and Triassic belt. Originally designated by Hershey in 1901 as the Abrams Formation of Precambrian (?) age, the type Stuart Fork rocks in the Minersville Quadrangle represent western Paleozoic and Triassic belt rocks exposed in a large window through an overlying thrust plate of central metamorphic belt units (Salmon and Grouse Ridge Formations). The Stuart Fork window or fenster, which occupies the core of a major north-south antiformal fold nearly 20 mi. long, lies 7-10 mi. east of the western belt. Correlation of Stuart Fork rocks with those of the western belt is based on lithologic similarities (rhythmically bedded metacherts, slates and phyllites, basic metavolcanic rocks, and marbles, in decreasing order of abundance), mutual tectonic separation from overlying Salmon hornblende schists of higher metamorphic grade, and similar metamorphic and structural histories. It is probable that additional mapping of Stuart Fork rocks in the northern Cecilville and Coffee Creek Quadrangles will show them to be continuous with the western Paleozoic and Triassic terrane. Fossils collected in the western belt form limestone southeast of Cecilville have not yet been identified, but limestones in the same belt to the south have yielded Pennsylvania (?) to Triassic faunas. The age of Salmon an Grouse Ridge rocks, also considered to be Precambrian (?) by Hershey, which structurally overlie Stuart Fork--western belt rocks, is still unknown. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1759------------
Factors associated with utilization of sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine during pregnancy among women in Kenya: a cross-sectional study.

The effectiveness of sulphadoxine–pyrimethamine (SP) for intermittent preventive treatment during pregnancy for malaria is well established. However, adherence to recommended guidelines remains poor. This study examines factors related to receipt of SP among pregnant women in Kenya. Descriptive and inferential statistics for complex survey data were utilized using the 2008–2009 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey. With the exception of women residing in Nyanza, women who reside in other provinces were more likely to receive one dose of SP versus none compared to women living in Nairobi. Women receiving antenatal care from a nurse or midwife and women who owned a bed net were almost twice as likely to receive one dose of SP versus none (aOR 1.92, 95 % CI 1.28, 2.86 and aOR 1.79; 95 % CI 1.12, 2.78; respectively); whereas, women who received other anti-malarial drugs were over 90 % less likely to receive one dose of SP versus none (aOR 0.08; 95 % CI 0.02, 0.26). Among women who receive any SP, increased numbers of antenatal care visits were associated with receipt of two or more doses of SP (aOR 1.16; 95 % CI 1.02, 1.32—per additional visit), while women living in the western province were nearly 75 % less likely to receive two or more doses compared to women in Nairobi (aOR 0.27; 95 % CI 0.08, 0.94). Receipt of the recommended ≥2 doses of SP is associated with predisposing and enabling characteristics. Further research is needed to identify barriers to receiving SP during pregnancy.
The Rhythm's Going to Get You: Music's Effects on Gameplay and Experience

Music exerts powerful effects on human performance, behavior, and experience, yet very little is understood about how they are affected by game music. This paper describes a works-in-progress study examining the effects of music and music tempo on game play performance, behavior, and experience in a cognitive game. We found that music influenced mouse activity not directly related to game play, and increased players' feelings of flow.
Feeding Value of Corn and Sorghum Silage for Milk Production

Summary Corn, and one or more varieties of sorghum, were grown for silage in alternate strips in the same field in three tests. The yield of corn was considerably less than any variety of sorghum each year, especially during the dry summer of 1954. One double-reversal and two Latin-square design feeding trials were conducted with from 22 to 27 cows in each test, to compare silage from these crops. Cows produced more milk, consumed more silage, and gained more weight each year on the corn silage than on any variety of sorghum. These differences were highly significant (P
Growth without Capital: A Renascent Fishery in Zambia and Katanga, 1960s to Recent Times *

Africa's inland fisheries play an increasingly important role in the development of economic opportunities and the provision of food for the continent's poorest communities. Despite their remarkable economic, social and nutritional importance, there have been few attempts to theorise their distinctive political economies and their location within regional economies. The recent history of one of south central Africa's most important commercial inland fisheries, Mweru-Luapula, located on the border of Zambia and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), demonstrates that periods of increased economic productivity and growth during the last 40 years have occurred without large-scale and capital-intensive investments. Medium- to small-scale entrepreneurs with little prospect of salaried employment, many of them migrants from collapsing urban economies or other rural sectors, have been best able to exploit opportunities in the fishery. They joined rural women, who, increasingly deprived of adequate farmlands, be...
On the power of cooperation: Can a little help a lot?

In this paper, we propose a new cooperation model for discrete memoryless multiple access channels. Unlike in prior cooperation models (e.g., conferencing encoders), where the transmitters cooperate directly, in this model the transmitters cooperate through a larger network. We show that under this indirect cooperation model, there exist channels for which the increase in sum-capacity resulting from cooperation is significantly larger than the rate shared by the transmitters to establish the cooperation. This result contrasts both with results on the benefit of cooperation under prior models and results in the network coding literature, where attempts to find examples in which similar small network modifications yield large capacity benefits have to date been unsuccessful.
CONSERVATION OF THE NUMBER OF NUCLEONS

The conservation of the number of nucleons in the sense that they do not decay spontaneously nor are destroyed or created singly in nuclear collisions is generally assumed. The validity of this conservation law was tested experimentally in 1924 with the conclusion that a bound nucleon has a mean lifetime > 10/sup 22/ years. An improvement is reported on this number which is made possible by the use of a delayed-coincidence technique in conjunction with a giant liquid scintillation detector array placed 200 ft below ground. (A.C.)
A comparison of the supraclavicular approach and the infraclavicular approach for subclavian vein catheterization

Five hundred emergency department patients requiring subclavian vein catheterization were randomized prospectively into one of two groups, supraclavicular or infraclavicular. If catheterization was unsuccessful in a few attempts using the randomized approach, catheterization with the alternate approach was attempted. Two catheters were available for use, a short, 8-French introducer and a long, 16-gauge catheter. There were 38 failures (15.5%) among 245 patients in the supraclavicular group, with one malposition and five complications. There were 51 failures (20.0%) among 255 patients in the infraclavicular group, with 21 malpositions and 13 complications. No differences were significant except that of malpositions (P
Toward Public-Private Synergy in the European Information Services Market.

Abstract Following a lengthy period of consultation between representatives of the information industry and the public sector, the European Commission published and promulgated a series of Guidelines for Improving the Synergy Between the Public and Private Sectors in the Information Market in 1989. Three years after their publication, the Commission sponsored a follow-up study (PUBLAW2) to assess the impact of the guidelines on the information market and to identify what actions might be taken to further encourage the commercial exploitation of government-held data. This paper presents some of the main findings and observations of the PUBLAW2 study team.
Wind Tunnel Evaluation of an Aircraft-Borne Sampling System

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FLDEP), and Texas A&M University collaborated in the design, construction, and testing of a unique, highly crosslinked, Teflon-coated inlet and manifold gas and aerosol sampling system that is being used in EPA aircraft atmospheric pollution characterization studies. The aircraft-borne ambient sampling system, which consists of a Teflon-coated shrouded probe coupled to a Teflon-coated aluminum manifold, is designed to collect reactive gases (e.g., mercury and halide species) and aerosols for subsequent analysis and characterization. The shrouded inlet probe was tested for particle transmission ratios in a high-speed aerosol wind tunnel. An existing wind tunnel was upgraded from a maximum wind speed of 13.4 m/s (48 km/h or 30 miles/h) to 50.5 m/s (182 km/h or 113 miles/h) to test this probe. The wind tunnel was evaluated for compliance with the criteria of ANSI 13.1 to establish the acceptability of its use ...
Nuclear data sheets for A = 83

Abstract The 1966 version of Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 83 has been revised on the basis of experimental data received prior to November 1, 1974. Information from approximately 90 papers and communications has been included in the present evaluation. Data on nine A = 83 nuclei are presented. This A-chain is characterized by a paucity of reaction data compared with radioactive decay data. Only the half-life for 83 Ge is known. For 83 As, the half-life is known but few details of the decay scheme have been determined. The decay schemes of the 83 Se ground state and first-excited state are reasonably well established, and levels in 83 Se are known from (d,p). The decay schemes of 83 Br and 83 Rb are well established, and these decays give all adopted information on levels in stable 83 Kr. The complex decay scheme for 83 Sr is reasonably well established, which leads to all information on levels in 83 Rb. Information on 83 Sr levels is obtained from 83 Y decays and (d,t). The decay schemes for two 83 Y isomers have been reasonably well determined, but the ordering of the isomers is not known. The compilers regard the identification of 83 Zr as uncertain.
The morphology and substructure of Ti-Cu martensite

The martensites in Ti-Cu alloys containing up to 8 wt pct Cu have been examined using transmission electron microscopy techniques. The martensite has a massive morphology in the alloys which contain 4 pct Cu or less, whereas the alloys containing 6 and 8 pct Cu exhibit acicular martensite. Experimental evidence is presented to show that the lattice invariant deformation in the massive martensite occurs by internal slip with a Burgers vector $$1/3[2\bar 1\bar 13]$$ and these results are discussed in terms of recent calculations. The transition from the massive to acicular martensite morphology is also discussed.
Tissue differences in antioxidant enzyme gene expression in response to endotoxin

The effect of endotoxin on antioxidant gene expression and antioxidant enzyme activity in homogenates of the heart, liver, and kidney from Sprague-Dawley rats was compared by quantitation of m-RNA and enzyme activities. Alterations in the message level for Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD), Mn SOD, and catalase varied with the tissue type, length of exposure to endotoxin, and dose of endotoxin. In general, endotoxin treatment reduced Cu-Zn SOD expression in the heart and liver, but had no noticeable effect in the kidney. Mn SOD message levels were increased in the heart and kidney but decreased in the liver. Catalase expression was reduced in the kidney and increased marginally in the heart and liver. With regard to enzyme activity, endotoxin treatment reduced Cu-Zn SOD activity in the heart, liver, and kidney. Mn SOD activity showed little change in the heart, but increased in the liver and, to a lesser extent, in the kidney. Catalase activity showed little change in the heart and kidney but was decreased at 12 h in the liver. The differing responses of tissues to the oxidant stress of endotoxin exposure should be considered when evaluating the effect of endotoxin on antioxidant enzymes.
Medical-legal issues in Charcot's neurologic career.

Objective: Trace the medical-legal involvement of the 19th century clinical neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot. Background: The two major neurologic concerns of the 1800s that involved legal questions were topics of particular academic interest to Charcot: post-traumatic neurologic syndromes and the behavioral consequences of hysteria and hypnotism. Although Charcot’s medical views influenced several nonmedical fields, including art, poetry, and drama, his impact on medical-legal issues has not been examined. Methods: Original documents from the Bibliotheque Charcot at the Salpetriere Hospital in Paris, legal documents, and publications from Charcot’s era were examined. Results: Although his involvement in medical-legal affairs was a modest element of Charcot’s multifaceted career, he was involved in four different types of medical-legal activities: as a cited authority in the medical-legal literature, as an author of articles within medical-legal contexts, as a subpoenaed expert consultant, and as an expert examiner. Conclusions: Charcot’s involvement demonstrates the long tradition of an interface between neurology and legal medicine and provides a model for highly limited but authoritative involvement by academic neurologists in medical-legal affairs.
Your Best Life: Perfectionism--The Bane of Happiness.

A mbitious individuals tend to call themselves ‘‘perfectionists,’’ and many wear the label as a badge of honor. Giving perfectionism this positive connotation can hide larger, more deep-seated issues. A distinction must be made between the ‘‘pursuit of excellence’’ and perfectionism [7]. Working hard or pushing oneself to the brink to achieve a goal is the sign of a dedicated individual, not necessarily perfectionism. In most cases, perfectionism derives from anxiety or selfesteem issues, which themselves have been linked to less personal satisfaction and an increased risk of suicide [7, 9]. Indeed, perfectionists have a higher risk of eating disorders, anxiety disorders, and depression [3]. Such a life is riddled with fear and extreme caution. Creativity, joy, inspiration, and even productivity are stunted when perfection is the only option. Ironically, according to Flett and colleagues [5], successful people actually are less likely to be perfectionists, as the symptoms of perfectionism are more likely to thwart higher levels of success one might achieve [2, 7]. Many of us try to attain perfection. We try to cultivate (or at least project) perfect marriages, and yes, we strive to perform perfect surgical procedures—even though we inwardly know that perfection is an illusion. Yet we all have tales of surgeons spending more than 6 hours in an operating room attempting to achieve the ‘‘perfect’’ fracture reduction in a case which typically requires a fraction of that time. In a vocation as demanding as orthopaedic surgery, perfectionism can sap a surgeon’s energy—leaving little room for self-care and relationships. For the surgeon, challenging cases may be deferred. Patients an average surgeon could readily handle on a given day are often referred elsewhere. In essence, perfectionists fear imperfection, and equate any error with personal defectiveness. Perfectionists are generally exceedingly sensitive to criticism. They procrastinate, waiting for the perfect time to attend to tasks [5]. Even when a perfectionist achieves success, they do not experience the delight of the accomplishment. Instead, there is only relief that this time they did not fail. They lead their lives convinced that perfection is the only means to self-acceptance [6].
The Digital Consumer Valuable Partner for Product Development and Production

In this article, the author posits how the “digital consumer” can become a valuable partner for textile and apparel product development/design and production firms. Inspiration and insight for product development/design and production is available through digital technology via blogs, mass customization, and rich media (e.g., virtual models). This article also discusses the need for the textile and apparel industry to understand the full range of human–computer interface experience (i.e., how the consumer responds to the information, interface, and interactive functions of the digital medium such as a Web site) to ensure successful partnerships and implementation of digital technology.
Mechanism of Sleep-induced Periodic Breathing in Convalescing Stroke Patients and Healthy Elderly Subjects

Cerebral vascular ischemic strokes are known to precipitate Cheyne-Stokes periodic breathing. Interestingly, Cheyne-Stokes-like breathing during sleep may be associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in some individuals. Therefore, it was reasoned that stroke patients with periodic breathing in sleep would be susceptible to OSA. Because oscillations in upper airway resistance can occur as a component of sleep-induced periodic breathing, we hypothesized that stroke patients with sleep-induced periodic breathing would have oscillations in upper airway resistance. These oscillations in resistance would be expected to contribute to OSA. We studied stroke patients with sleep-induced periodic breathing and control subjects to evaluate the relationship between upper airway resistance and ventilation in periodic breathing in sleep. Ventilation and upper airway resistance were measured in presleep wakefulness and in stage 2 NREM sleep. Mean tidal volume, minute ventilation, respiratory cycle timing variables, and upper airway resistance were not different between stroke and control subjects, either awake or asleep. Upper airway resistance increased and ventilation volume decreased from wakefulness to sleep in both groups. In an equivalent number of subjects from each group, reciprocal patterned oscillations in tidal volume and upper airway resistance were present at a 5 to 12.5 breath frequency during sleep. As upper airway resistance increased, tidal volume decreased. Stroke patients had wider fluctuations in upper airway resistance than control subjects, likely contributing to the higher number of sleep-disordered breathing events observed in the stroke patients.
Coherent structural transformations in random crystalline systems

The coherent phase transformation between two equilibrium single-phase states producing several orientation variants of the product phase is considered. The computer simulation shows that randomly distributed static defects may drastically change the thermodynamics, kinetics and morphology of the transformation and may lead to thermoelastic equilibrium. They are responsible for the appearance of two new fields in the phase diagram: (i) the two-phase field describing the tweed microstructure which consists of the retained parent phase and variants of the product phase and (ii) the single-phase field describing the tweed microstructure which consists of the variants of the product phase. These new fields can be attributed to the pre-transitional states observed in some of the displacive transformations. The microstructure evolution resulting in the formation of thermoelastic equilibrium is path dependent. This unusual behavior is expected in systems with a sharp dependence of the transition temperature on the defect concentration.
A clinical comparison of 2 electric toothbrush designs

A single blind 30 day study compared the reduction of plaque and gingivitis for the Hapika Powerbrush to the Interplak ultra 10 tuft. A longitudinal parallel group design was utilized and screening evaluation was performed to determine patient eligibility prior to study enrollment, 66 subjects were entered into the study and assigned to 1 of 2 groups, each using one of the toothbrushes. At baseline, subjects received an oral soft tissue exam, a dental hard tissue exam, and were scored by the Lobene modification of the Loe and Silness gingival index (GI). Plaque was then disclosed and scored both pre and post brushing using the modified Turesky plaque/debris examination and an interproximal bleeding examination was performed post-brushing. On days 15 and 30, after an oral soft tissue and GI examination, plaque was graded by the Modified Turesky plaque/debris exam. Subjects then brushed and were graded by the Modified Turesky plaque/debris examination and an interproximal bleeding index examination. The results showed that both brushes provided a similar change in clinical indices. All produced a statistically significant reduction from baseline to day 30 for the gingival index (26.5-29.1%), the bleeding index (13.8-24.1%), and the plaque index (16.9-19.4%). A comparison of pre and post brushing scores for the plaque index at 30 showed that both brushes reduced plaque similarly with a statistically significant reduction (P < 0.05) from their pre-brushing plaque index scores at all time periods.
Biogenesis of cell division sites in ftsA and ftsZ filaments

The development of nascent cell division sites was studied in Escherichia coli strains containing ftsAts and ftsZts mutations in which septal development is arrested after shift to the restrictive temperature. Division sites were studied by measuring positions of plasmolysis bays, a visible marker for periseptal annuli. Annuli are circumferential zones of membrane adhesion which represent the earliest known structural differentiation at developing septal sites. Two patterns of annulus development were observed in the mutant strains. Normal numbers of new annuli were generated in filaments of both mutants, but in ftsZ filaments annuli failed to mature and to become properly localized, suggesting that ftsZ gene product is first required for maturation of annuli. In contrast, mature annuli accumulated at division sites in ftsA filaments, suggesting that the ftsA gene product is required at a stage after maturation and localization of nascent annuli.
Late Holocene sedimentary environments and lake-level fluctuations at Walker Lake, Nevada, USA

Walker Lake is a terminal lake located at the end of the Walker River in western Nevada. Lake-level lowering of ∼50 m during the past 100 yr has led to deep incision by the Walker River into the former lake bed. This incision has exposed a sedimentary record of lake-level fluctuations spanning at least the past 4000 yr. Fourteen new radiocarbon dates on plant material collected from diverse sedimentary environments, including fluvial, deltaic, beach, and offshore settings, have led to the refinement of the late Holocene lake-level curve for this basin. This new curve documents at least four highstands that have occurred since ca. 3500 cal yr B.P. between elevations of 1245 and 1255 m. The lake has also experienced several lowstands during this same period. Comparison of this outcrop-based record to existing lake-level curves and to an oxygen isotope curve for the past 1200 yr reveals many similarities between the records, but also some differences. Therefore, research should be conducted to integrate outcrop studies, where absolute water depth and lake volume can be estimated, with isotopic or other types of proxies from cored sediments that may have higher temporal resolution. The extensive and nearly continuous outcrops along the lower Walker River also provide valuable information on the relationships between various sedimentary features and their formative water depths in clastic-dominated lacustrine systems. The paleo–water depth relationships deciphered here can be applied in other basins, where outcrops are typically more limited, to arrive at better-constrained lake-level records.
Characterization of plasticity and fracture of shell casing of lithium-ion cylindrical battery

Abstract Most of the literature on lithium-ion battery cells is concerned with modeling of jellyroll with little attention to properties of shell casing. However, shell casing provides substantial strength and fracture resistance under mechanical loading and therefore must be an important part of modeling of lithium-ion batteries. The paper reports on a comprehensive test program on commercially available empty shell casing of 18650 lithium-ion cylindrical cells. Part of the tests was used to determine plastic and fracture properties from sub-size specimens cut from lateral part of the cans. The other part served to validate plasticity and fracture models under various loading conditions. The associated flow rule was used to simulate plasticity behavior and Modified Mohr-Coulomb (MMC) fracture model was adopted to predict crack initiation and propagation of shell casing. Simulation results confirmed that present plasticity and fracture models could predict global plastic behavior of the cells under different loading conditions. The jellyroll model with volumetric hardening was introduced to compare the performance of empty shell casing, bare jellyroll and complete battery cell. It was shown that in many loading situations, for example, three point bending of the cylindrical cells, the metallic shell casing provides most of mechanical resistance.
A well-stirred reactor for the study of pyrolysis and oxidation kinetics: carbon monoxide and n-pentane oxidation

Abstract This paper describes the development of an atomospheric-pressure jet-stirred reactor which is well-stirred with respect to the starting and intermediate hydrocarbons, CO and CO2, and thus permits the study of pyrolysis and oxidation kinetics in greater detail than has been possible in other jet-stirred reactors. In order to demonstrate the suitability of the reactor for quantitatively studying detailed reaction mechanisms, results are presented on the oxidation of CO by moist air. Also presented are results on the oxidation of n-pentane, which demonstrate the suitability of the reactor for determining overall kinetics and for studying pyrolysis and oxidation mechanisms of hydrocarbons. The reactor is fed with a single sonic jet of hot, hydrogen-air combustion products, into which the model compound of interest is injected immediately upstream of the entry of the jet into the reactor. The range of temperature in which reactor time-mean homogeneity is maintained is approximately 1000 to 1300 K. Wit...
Physiology, Genetics, and Cardiovascular Disease: Focus on African Americans

The disproportionate impact of cardiovascular disease in African Americans is well recognized. Not only do risk factors such as obesity occur at a higher rate in the African-American community, but this population experiences a greater mortality from cardiovascular disease than their white counterparts. The cardiovascular system is regulated in part by two opposing mediators linking the risk factors of obesity, vascular dysfunction, and diabetes. One of these mediators--angiotensin II--increases blood pressure, impairs endothelial function, decreases peroxisome proliferator activated-receptor gamma, and is proinflammatory, growth stimulating, profibrotic, and proatherogenic. The other mediator, peroxisome proliferator activated-receptor gamma, lowers blood pressure, improves endothelial function, decreases angiotensin II type 1 receptor function, and is anti-inflammatory, growth-inhibiting, antifibrotic, and antiatherogenic. Genotypic variants have been discovered that affect the functioning of both of these important systems. Some of these variants--like some genotypic variants discovered in the adrenergic system--occur with different frequencies in African Americans than in Americans of European descent and may help to explain racial/ethnic differences in susceptibility to cardiovascular disease and aspects of the response to treatment. Recognition of these genotypic differences may permit the development of therapies tailored to individual patients.
Variation of thermal conductivity and specific heat during cure of thermoset polyesters

Variation of thermal conductivity and specific heat of a general-purpose unsaturated polyester during cure was investigated experimentally. Measurements were made on the cured, partially cured, and uncured samples, and the results are presented. Both thermal conductivity and specific heat of the cured samples increase nearly linearly with increasing temperature. Effect of degree of cure on the thermal properties is evident during the earlier stages of cure.
Envelope Glycoprotein Cytoplasmic Domains from Diverse Lentiviruses Interact with the Prenylated Rab Acceptor

Lentivirus envelope glycoproteins have unusually long cytoplasmic domains compared to those of other retroviruses. To identify cellular binding partners of the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) envelope transmembrane protein (gp41) cytoplasmic domain (CD), we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen of a phytohemagglutinin-activated human T-cell cDNA library with the SIV gp41 CD. The majority of positive clones (50 of 54) encoded the prenylated Rab acceptor (PRA1). PRA1 is a 21-kDa protein associated with Golgi membranes that binds to prenylated Rab proteins in their GTP-bound state. While the cellular function of PRA1 is presently unknown, this protein appears to participate in intracellular vesicular trafficking, based on its cellular localization and ability to bind multiple members of the Rab protein family. Mammalian two-hybrid assays confirmed the interaction between the SIV gp41 CD and PRA1. Furthermore, gp41 sequences important for PRA1 binding were mapped to a central leucine-rich, amphipathic α-helix in the SIV gp41 cytoplasmic tail. Although the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) gp41 CD failed to interact with PRA1 in the yeast two-hybrid system, its interaction with PRA1 was significantly better than that of the SIV gp41 CD in mammalian two-hybrid assays. Interestingly, PRA1 also interacted with the Env CDs of HIV-2, bovine immunodeficiency virus, equine infectious anemia virus, and feline immunodeficiency virus. Thus, PRA1 associates with envelope glycoproteins from widely divergent lentiviruses.
Fabrication of a Free-Standing, Synthetic, Single Crystal Diamond Plate Using Ion Implantation and Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition

Using a specific combination of energetic and chemical processes we have grown homoepitaxial diamond on and lifted it off of a type Ia natural C(100) crystal. Before growth, the C(100) crystal is exposed to a self implant of 190keV energy and dose of 1E16 cm -2 . Low temperature (~600°C) homoepitaxial diamond growth conditions were used that are based on water-alcohol source chemistries. To achieve layer separation (lift-off), samples were annealed to a temperature sufficient to graphitize the buried implant-damaged region. Contactless electrochemical etching was found to remove the graphite, and a transparent synthetic (100) single crystal diamond plate of 17.5μm thickness was lifted off. This free-standing diamond single crystal plate was characterized and found to be comparable to homoepitaxial films grown on unimplanted single crystal diamond.
CROSS-REACTIONS OF ANTITYPHOID AND ANTIPARATYPHOID B HORSE SERA WITH VARIOUS POLYSACCHARIDES

A study was made of cross-reactions of synthetic polyglucose and of numerous plant and bacterial gums in an antityphoid and an antiparatyphoid B horse serum. The observed differences permit conclusions to be drawn regarding certain of the linkages likely to be found in the fine structures of each of the corresponding Salmonella polysaccharides:- 1. Cross-reactions of the antityphoid serum with the specific polysaccharide of Type II pneumococcus and with tamarind seed polysaccharide, glycogen and synthetic polyglucose indicate that the acetic acid-degraded O-polysaccharide of S. typhi, strain O 901, may contain part, at least, of its glucose as 1,4,6-branch points or in 1,6-linkage, perhaps adjacent to a terminal, non-reducing, galactopyranose unit. 2. Cross-reactions of both antisera with arabogalactans point to the existence of (probably beta-) 1,3-, 1,6-, and/or 1,3,6-linkages of galactose in both the typhoid and paratyphoid B polysaccharides. 3. The differential reactivities of the galactomannans and yeast mannan suggest that the mannose in the typhoid polysaccharide is linked 1,2- or 1,3- with possible non-reducing mannopyranose end groups attached 1,6-. In the paratyphoid B polysaccharide the linkages are probably galacto-oligomannose 1,4-, or 1,4,6-, or the corresponding linkages of mannose alone.
Internet technology adoption as an organizational event: an exploratory study across industries

In this exploratory study, Internet adoption decisions are examined from an organizational perspective. We postulate that when the technology considered for adoption demands a shift of paradigm, involves support of a corporate-wide infrastructure, and/or nascent skills of technology developers, individual-based technology adoption models may lack explanation power. This study identifies eight factors that may facilitate or inhibit technology adoption. Results from the interviews of top managers reveal that Internet technologies indeed demand the considerable deliberation in adoption decisions since Internet technologies requires a re-examination of existing business models and strategies. Yet, interestingly, this same technology was adopted with very different reasoning logic, ranging from using the Internet as an additional channel for promotion and advertisement to being pressured from competitors to adopt (the "we gotta have one, too" syndrome).
Heterogeneous reactions of surface-adsorbed catechol with nitrogen dioxide: substrate effects for tropospheric aerosol surrogates.

Surface-adsorbed organics can alter the chemistry of tropospheric aerosols thereby impacting photochemical cycles and altering aerosol properties. The nature of the surface can also influence the chemistry of the surface-adsorbed organic. We employed diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy (DRIFTS) to monitor the adsorption of gaseous catechol on several tropospheric aerosol surrogates and to investigate the subsequent reactivity of adsorbed catechol with nitrogen dioxide. The dark heterogeneous reaction of NO2 with NaCl-adsorbed catechol produced 4-nitrocatechol, 1,2-benzoquinone, and the ring-cleaved product muconic acid, with product yields of 88%, 8%, and 4% at relative humidity (RH) < 2%, respectively. The reaction was first-order with respect to both catechol and NO2. The reactive uptake coefficient for NO2 + NaCl-adsorbed catechol increased from 3 × 10−6 at <2% RH to 7 × 10−6 at 30% RH. These reactions were more than two orders of magnitude more reactive than NaCl without adsorbed catechol. The 4-nitrocatechol product yield was enhanced on NaF, while NaBr-adsorbed catechol produced considerably more 1,2-benzoquinone and muconic acid. This substrate effect is discussed in terms of each substrate's ability to polarize the phenol group and hinder hydrogen atom abstraction from intermediate o-semiquinone radicals. These dark heterogeneous reactions may alter the UV-visible absorbing properties of tropospheric aerosols and may also contribute as a dark source of NO2−/HONO. These results contrast prior observations which found pure catechol thin films unreactive with NO2, highlighting the need to specifically consider substrate and matrix effects in laboratory systems.
PROSTATE CANCER DIAGNOSED BY THE 5 REGION BIOPSY METHOD IS SIGNIFICANT DISEASE

AbstractPurpose: The 5 region method of prostate biopsy takes standard sextant biopsies and additional systematic biopsies of the far lateral and middle aspects of the prostate gland. This method has been shown to increase the cancer detection rate of prostate biopsy by 35% over the standard sextant biopsy method, and it is most effective in patients with prostate specific antigen less than 10. Concern has arisen that by taking additional biopsies, cancers are being detected which would otherwise be clinically insignificant. We compare pathological findings of radical prostatectomy specimens detected by the 5 region and sextant biopsy methods to determine if there is a significant difference between tumors diagnosed by each method.Materials and Methods: A total of 21 patients enrolled in the 5 region prostate biopsy study with biopsy proved prostate cancer underwent radical prostatectomy. Prostatectomy specimens of 5 zone detected cancers in 11 cases were compared to sextant method detected cancer in 10. ...
A Comparison of Dispersal Traits in Dandelions Growing in Urban Landscape and Open Meadows

The highly fragmented nature of habitats for plant growth in the urban landscape offers unique challenges to these plants and some weedy species have been particularly successful in exploiting these urban habitats. The common dandelion, Taraxacum officinale, is one such highly successful weed that grows profusely in both urban landscapes and open meadows. In this study, the growth, flowering intensity and achene and seed morphology of urban and meadow dandelions were compared. Achenes from urban plants showed higher germination and flowering success, producing significantly higher number of flowers. Achene morphology differed significantly between the two populations such that urban achenes have longer pappus beaks than their meadow counter parts. Urban achenes also dropped quickly to the ground limiting their dispersal capacity from the maternal plant. Morphological traits of urban dandelion achenes are likely to allow for enhanced survival under variable environments in the urban landscapes. Dandelions have been shown to be highly successful and especially capable of adjusting to different environmental pressures which may be the key to their success in colonizing diverse habitats all across the world including urban environments that constantly undergo modification.
Ballistic dispersion in temperature gradient focusing

Molecular dispersion is caused by both molecular diffusion and non-uniform bulk fluid motion. While the Taylor–Aris dispersion regime is the most familiar regime in microfluidic systems, an oft-overlooked regime is that of purely kinematic (or ballistic) dispersion. In most microfluidic systems, this dispersion regime is transient and quickly gives way to Taylor–Aris dispersion. In electrophoretic focusing methods such as temperature gradient focusing (TGF), however, the characteristic time scales for dispersion are fixed, and focused peaks may never reach the Taylor limit. In this situation, generalized Taylor dispersion analysis is not applicable. A heuristic model is developed here which accounts for both molecular diffusion and advective dispersion across all dispersion regimes, from pure diffusion to Taylor dispersion to pure advection. This model is compared to results from TGF experiments and accurately captures both the initial decrease and subsequent increase in peak widths as electric field strength increases. The results of this combined analytical and experimental study provide a useful tool for estimation of dispersion and optimization of TGF systems.
The Effect of Louse Infestation, Wet Feathers, and Relative Humidity on the Grooming Behavior of the Domestic Chicken

Abstract The amount of grooming of chickens (Gallus domesticus) infested with Menacanthus stramineus was significantly different from that of non-infested chickens as demonstrated by the Mann-Whitney U test. Use of the Spearman rank correlation coefficient showed a significant correlation (P
Influence of different sized Daphnia species on chlorophyll concentration and summer phytoplankton community structure in eutrophic Wisconsin lakes

We conducted field observations on 13 eutrophic Wisconsin lakes dominated by either the larger bodied Daphnia pulicaria or the smaller bodied Daphnia galeata mendotae. While Daphnia numerical densities were not significantly different between groups of lakes, pulicaria lakes had much higher Daphnia biomasses and filtration potentials than galeata lakes. Although we found significant differences in chlorophyll (Chl) a between both groups of lakes during June, on a seasonal basis popu- lations of different sized Daphnia were not associated with significant differences in Chl a. Filtration potential per se was the major determinant of Chl a, regardless of which Daphnia species dominated. However, in pulicaria lakes, the clear-water phase started earlier, lasted longer, and was usually characterized by greater Secchi disc readings than in galeata lakes. For large blue-green algae such as Aphanizomenon, D.pulicaria appeared to delay bloom conditions, but ultimately did not prevent the alga from growing. Our results suggest that high densities of large-sized Daphnia are a desirable goal of biomanipulation because they can attain filtration potentials high enough to increase summer water clarity in eutrophic lakes.
Functional analysis of the infraciliature in complex ciliary structures of ciliate protozoa

Abstract A description is given of patterns that are formed by fibrils which interconnect kinetosomes of ciliary organelles of two ciliate protozoa: membranelles and cirri of Euplotes and membranelles of Spirostomum. Techniques used included both thin sectioning and isolation-critical point drying. Analysis of the patterns with regard to stresses likely to occur during ciliary beat suggests a possible role in mechanical support of the bases of these complex ciliary structures.
Radiographic imaging features of thoracic complications after pneumonectomy in oncologic patients

Abstract Purpose The morbidity and mortality for pneumonectomy in patients has been reported to be as high as 24%. To determine if a subset of patients undergoing pneumonectomy for a malignancy would have similar complication rates and appearances, we performed a review of the radiographic findings of patients at our institution. Method A retrospective review of a thoracic surgery database was performed at our institution for patients who underwent pneumonectomy between January 2001 and April 2004. All images were reviewed on the institutional patient archive communication system, by two experienced, fellowship trained, thoracic radiologists. Results There were 144 patients (112 men and 32 women) with a mean age of 52 years (range 21–83 years). Of the 144 patients, thoracic complications were present in 52 (36%) patients consisting of pneumonia in 19 (13%), empyema/pleural space infection in 9 (6%), adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in 8 (6%), bronchopleural fistula in 7 (5%), gortex graft failure/organ herniation in 4 (3%), chylothorax/chyle leak in 2 (1%), pulmonary embolus in 2 (1%), pulmonary hemorrhage in 1 ( Conclusion In oncologic patients, post-pneumonectomy complications occur in over a third of patients and can be life threatening. The presentations are similar to other pneumonectomy patients and are often radiographically detectable. Therefore it is important for radiologist to be aware of the radiographic manifestations of these complications so that appropriate immediate treatment is instituted.
Inverse modeling using multi-block PLS to determine the environmental conditions that provide optimal cellular function

Motivations: Tissue engineering constitutes an important field with its potential of addressing the current shortage in organ availability. To successfully develop tissue-engineered organs, it is crucial to understand how to maintain the cells under conditions that maximize their ability to perform their physiological roles, regardless of the environment, whether the cells are part of an extracorporeal system, such as the bioartificial liver assist device, or an implantable tissue-engineered device. Our goals are to (1) provide insight into how cells will behave when confronted with changes in its environment and (2) determine the optimal environmental factors to achieve a desired level of cellular function. Results: Diverse sets of environmental factors were used to systematically perturb the metabolic behavior associated with pre-conditioning and plasma supplementation. To probe metabolic state of hepatocytes, metabolic flux analysis was used to obtain the metabolic profile. We applied a multi-block partial least square (MPLS) model to relate environmental factors and fluxes to levels of intracellular lipids and urea synthesis. The MPLS model identified: (1) the most influential environmental factors and (2) how the metabolic pathways are altered by these factors. Finally, we inverted the MPLS model to determine the concentrations and types of environmental factors required to obtain the most economical solution for achieving optimal levels of cellular function for practical situations. Supplementary information: Appendices can be accessed at http://www.chems.msu.edu/fac.pub/chan/MPLS_App.pdf
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE PATHOLOGY OF EXPERIMENTAL VIRUS ENCEPHALITIS : IV. RECURRING STRAINS OF HERPES VIRUS.

In this paper, three strains of the herpes virus have been dealt with. The H.F. II strain was obtained from the subject H.F. 4 years after the H.F. I strain was secured. H.F. is a victim of recurrent herpes. If the subject is also a chronic carrier of the herpes virus, then it is not one, but two or more strains which are persistently carried. The H.F. II strain is of mitigated pathogenic action for the rabbit, as compared with the H.F. I strain; it is to be classed as dermatotropic rather than neurotropic. And yet, in the subject there was no indication that the attack of herpes provoked was different from the other attacks associated with the H.F. I virus. The other two herpes strains derive their interest from the fact that they came also from persons who suffer from repeated attacks of labial herpes. One strain proved highly neurotropic, resembling in this respect the H.F. I strain; the other was hardly neurotropic at all, but was none the less definitely dermatotropic. It may be possible at a later date to secure other samples of virus from these individuals for comparison. The dermatotropic F. strain penetrates to the central nervous system far more readily and certainly from the skin than from corneal surfaces. The recovered inoculated rabbits showed only relative protection to reinoculation of the herpes virus. A notable difference appeared in the degree of protection acquired, on the one hand by the cornea and on the other by the brain. While the one was partial, the other was complete. The complete resistance of the brain was shown (a) by the complete failure of the intracerebral inoculation, and (b) by the absence of circling movements following corneal inoculation.