cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Recent Literature on Lichens—192*

ABBAS, A., A. TUMUR, H. MIJIT & JI-NONG WU. 2002. Contribution to the knowledge of lichens from Xinjiang, China, including a preliminary checklist. Chenia 7: 173–186. 1 fig. 1 tab. [Lists 282 species, of which 182 are new records for the province and 36 are said to be new to China (not detailed).] AGHAMIRI, R. & D. W. SCHWARTZMAN. 2002. Weathering rates of bedrock by lichens: a mini watershed study. Chemical Geology 188: 249–259. 1 fig. 8 tab. AHMAN, B. 1996. Effect of bentonite and ammonium-ferric(III)-hexacyanoferrate (II) on uptake and elimination of radiocaesium in reindeer. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 31: 29–50. 5 fig. 6 tab. AHMAN, B. 1998. Contaminants in food chains of Arctic ungulates: what have we learned from the Chernobyl accident. Rangifer 18: 119–126. 2 fig. AHMAN, B. 1999. Transfer of radiocaesium via reindeer meat to man—effects of countermeasures applied in Sweden. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 46: 113–120. 1 fig. 1 tab. AHMAN, B., A. NILSSON, E. ELORANTA & K. OLSSON. 2002. Wet belly in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in relation to body condition, body temperature and blood constituents. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 43: 85–97. 4 fig. 2 tab. [Includes study of lichen fed reindeer.] AHMAN, B., A. RYDBERG & G. AHMAN. 1986. Macrominerals in free-ranging Swedish reindeer during winter. Rangifer, Special Issue 1986: 31–38. 3 fig. 4 tab. AHMAN, B., S. M. WRIGHT & B. J. HOWARD. 2002. Effect of origin of radiocaesium on the transfer from fallout to reindeer meat. Science of the Total Environment 278: 171–181. 3 fig. 5 tab. ALVERDIYEVA, S. 2003. Lichens of Azerbaijan. International Lichenological Newsletter 36: 15–16. [Brief note on progress studying the flora.] ANTIPIN, V. K. & T. Y. DYACHKOVA. 2001. Mire flora and vegetation in the eastern part of Onega Peninsula. Botanicheskii Zhurnal 86: 89–94. 1 fig. [A few lichens mentioned.] ANTONIN, V. 2002. The floras and identification keys of fungi and lichens in the Central European region: past and present, p. 12. In R. M. Mlezivova (ed.), Floras, Distribution Atlases and Vegetation Surveys in Central Europe. Abstracts from the IXth Congress of the Czech Botanical Society, Lednice, August 19–23, 2002 [Flory, atlasy rozsiřeni a vegetacni přehledy ve středni Evropř. Sbornik abstraktů z IX. Sjezdu Ceske botanicke spolesnosti, Lednice 19.–23. srpna 2002]. Czech Botanical Society [seska botanicka spolesnost], Praha. [Brief abstract.]
First-Order Design and the y, y¯ Diagram

A new method is described for graphically representing the first-order layout of any optical system of axially symmetric refracting or reflecting surfaces. Such a system can be uniquely defined by the actual path of an arbitrary paraxial skew ray traversing it, provided the value of the Lagrange invariant is also known. This paper describes some interesting properties of the diagram obtained by projecting the ray onto the object plane. The diagram has proved to be a very useful aid in first-order design, particularly in systems where lens diameters and locations are severely constrained.
Reliability and validity of a mobile phone for radiographic assessment of ankle injuries: a randomized inter- and intraobserver agreement study.

Background Current mobile phone technology may allow orthopaedic surgeons to make clinical decisions using radiographs viewed on a small mobile device screen. The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of interpreting ankle fracture images viewed on a mobile device and a computer monitor, with a hypothesis that the agreement in clinical decision making between the mobile device and computer monitor would be high. Methods A randomized interobserver and intraobserver reliability study was conducted in which 16 mortise and lateral ankle images representing a severity spectrum of malleolar ankle, plafond, and extra-articular tibial fractures were shown to volunteer orthopaedic surgeons on both an Apple fourth-generation iPod Touch and a 23-inch liquid crystal display (LCD) computer monitor. Participants answered a multiple-choice questionnaire for each image regarding diagnosis, severity, need for higher level imaging, need for acute inpatient versus outpatient management, and plan of treatment. Inter- and intraobserver reliability was assessed by kappa (κ), multirater kappa statistics, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results Ninety-three orthopaedic surgeon volunteers completed the study. Excellent intraobserver agreement (κ ≥ 0.8) was found for all variables measured, including diagnosis (median κ = 0.84), need for computed tomography scan (κ = 0.86), need for reduction (κ = 0.82), treatment setting (κ = 0.82), and treatment type (κ = 0.87). Interobserver agreement was consistent between the mobile device and computer screen. Interobserver agreement for the severity assessment had a slightly higher ICC for the mobile device compared with the computer monitor (ICC = 0.83 vs 0.79). Sixty-seven percent (62/93) said at the completion of the study they were "completely" or "very" comfortable using a mobile device as a primary viewing device for new emergency room, inpatient, or transfer request consults. Conclusions Strong reliability for radiographic assessment of ankle injuries existed between a 23-inch computer monitor and a handheld mobile device. Further study is warranted to validate the technology to apply to other anatomic locations and imaging modalities. Level of evidence Level II, diagnostic study.
Clinical Evaluation of an Improved High Resolution ECG Cart for Recording the His Bundle Electrogram Non‐Invasively

The Marquette high resolution MAC-3 ECG cort con record the His bundle electrogram non-invasively at the bedside. The second generation MAC-1 has several unique features and technical advances which may now make the technique clinically applicable. In addition to amplification and signal averaging, an adjustable input filtration system excludes beats which are unacceptably “noisy” compared to a 4 beat template. Thus, extremely “clean” signals are presented for processing by the averages allowing resolution of very low amplitude signals. Clear unequivocal His bundle recordings were obtainable in 25 of 55 patients (45%). A correlation coefficient of +.97 was obtained between invasive and non-invasive HV intervals. The 55% failure rate was attributed to prolonged atriol activity in 31%, short PR in 9%, and technically unsatisfactory recordings with excessive or overwhelming noise which did not allow appreciable signal resolution in 15%.
Gray scale color coding of abdominal B-scan ultrasonograms

The need for increased dynamic range of echoes in ultrasonograms is generally acknowledged. Advantages and disadvantages of color-coded gray scale ultrasonography as well as methods for their acquisition are discussed. A color encoding method for obtaining color ultrasonograms is described and results are demonstrated.
X-Y Interactions Underlie Sperm Head Abnormality in Hybrid Male House Mice

The genetic basis of hybrid male sterility in house mice is complex, highly polygenic, and strongly X linked. Previous work suggested that there might be interactions between the Mus musculus musculus X and the M. m. domesticus Y with a large negative effect on sperm head morphology in hybrid males with an F1 autosomal background. To test this, we introgressed the M. m. domesticus Y onto a M. m. musculus background and measured the change in sperm morphology, testis weight, and sperm count across early backcross generations and in 11th generation backcross males in which the opportunity for X–autosome incompatibilities is effectively eliminated. We found that abnormality in sperm morphology persists in M. m. domesticus Y introgression males, and that this phenotype is rescued by M. m. domesticus introgressions on the X chromosome. In contrast, the severe reductions in testis weight and sperm count that characterize F1 males were eliminated after one generation of backcrossing. These results indicate that X–Y incompatibilities contribute specifically to sperm morphology. In contrast, X–autosome incompatibilities contribute to low testis weight, low sperm count, and sperm morphology. Restoration of normal testis weight and sperm count in first generation backcross males suggests that a small number of complex incompatibilities between loci on the M. m. musculus X and the M. m. domesticus autosomes underlie F1 male sterility. Together, these results provide insight into the genetic architecture of F1 male sterility and help to explain genome-wide patterns of introgression across the house mouse hybrid zone.
Production and analysis of one-dimensional magnetic deflection fields

An experimental yoke consisting of four sets of independently excited coils has been made. The field distribution of the experimental yoke can be controlled to approximate the theoretically calculated ideal fields, which produce minimum aberrations for certain specified working distances, field coverage, and beam convergence angle. The aberrations that would be produced by the experimental yoke are calculated and compared with those of the ideal field.
Initial Sintering Kinetics of Hyperstoichiometric Uranium Dioxide

The initial sintering kinetics of uranium dioxide powder compacts were determined as a function of temperature and stoichiometry (800°<T<1050°C, 2.03<O/U<2.16). The O/U values of the starting compacts were held constant throughout the shrinkage measurements to avoid difficulties caused by simultaneous shrinkage and oxidation or reduction. The shrinkage kinetics were interpreted as being controlled by uranium volume diffusion. The calculated diffusion coefficient was D= 1.3×10−6 exp (−55,000/RT) cm2/s when O/U=2.08. The diffusion coefficient was approximately proportional to the square of the excess O present, with some deviation at higher O/U values. This behavior can be explained by assuming that the U vacancy concentration is a function of the O activity.
A lower bound on the probability of error in multihypothesis testing

Consider two random variables X and Y, where X is finitely (or countably-infinitely) valued, and where Y is arbitrary. Let /spl epsiv/ denote the minimum probability of error incurred in estimating X from Y. It is shown that /spl epsiv//spl ges//sub 0/spl les//spl alpha//spl les/1//sup sup/(1-/spl alpha/)P(/spl pi/(X|Y)/spl les//spl alpha/) where /spl pi/(X|Y) denotes the posterior probability of X given Y. This bound finds information-theoretic applications in the proof of converse channel coding theorems. It generalizes and strengthens previous lower bounds due to Shannon, and to Verdu and Han (1994).
Molecular dynamics simulation of a polymer melt with a nanoscopic particle

We perform molecular dynamics simulations of a bead−spring polymer melt surrounding a nanoscopic particle. We explore the effect of the polymer/nanoparticle interactions, surface-to-volume ratio, and boundary conditions on both the structure and dynamics of the polymer melt. We find that the chains near the nanoparticle surface are elongated and flattened and that this effect is independent of the interaction for the range of interactions we study. We show that the glass transition temperature Tg of the melt can be shifted to either higher or lower temperatures by tuning the interactions between polymer and nanoparticle. A gradual change of the polymer dynamics approaching the nanoparticle surface causes the change in the glass transition. The magnitude of the shift is exaggerated by increasing fraction of surface monomers in the system. These behaviors support a “many-layer”-based interpretation of the dynamics. Our findings appear applicable to systems in which surface interactions dominate, including b...
PS3-23: VDW Data Source: Essentia Health

Background/Aims The Virtual Data Warehouse (VDW) was created as a mechanism to produce comparable data across sites for purposes of proposing and conducting research. The VDW is not a multi-site physical database at a centralized location, but a distributed ‘virtual’ database with the data remaining at the local sites. At the core of the VDW are a series of standardized file definitions. Content areas and data elements that are commonly required for research studies are identified, and data dictionaries are created for each of the content areas, specifying a common format for each of the elements - variable name, extended definition, code values. Local site programmers have mapped the data elements from their legacy data systems into this standardized set of variable definitions, names, and codes, as well as onto standardized SAS file formats. This common structure of the VDW files enables a SAS analyst at one site to write one program to extract and/or analyze data at all participating sites.
Young rats exhibit an age- and sex-dependent bladder response to alpha-antagonists but not beta-agonists

Summary Introduction Previous studies have suggested that the onset of alpha- (α) and beta- (β) adrenergic receptor activity is delayed in young animals. The use of alpha1- (α1-) antagonists for dysfunctional voiding, and beta3- (β3-) agonists for overactive bladder in younger children may not be indicated if maturation is required before bladder and urethral adrenergic receptors are active. Objective To determine the sex- and age-dependent responses of the bladder and external urethral sphincter (EUS) to α- and β-adrenergic agents in neonatal and young adult rats. Materials and methods A total of 72 naive Sprague-Dawley rats (36 female, 36 male) and 15 bladder-reduced (BR) female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent cystometry and EUS electromyography at 3, 6, and 9 weeks of life. Following administration of WAY 100,635 (0.3 mg/kg, serotonergic receptor antagonist), the non-selective α-agonist phenylephrine (0.3 mg/kg), α-antagonist phentolamine (1–3 mg/kg), β-agonist isoprenaline (3 mg/kg) and β-antagonist propranolol (3 mg/kg) were delivered intravenously. The maximum intravesical pressure (IVP), pressure threshold (PT), intermicturition interval (IMI), contraction duration (CD), burst amplitude and burst frequency were compared after each drug. Results The α-antagonist phentolamine lowered the IVP in 9-week-old males without lowering the PT. In contrast, the β-agonist isoprenaline lowered the IVP in both males and females of all ages, also without affecting the PT. Isoprenaline was also effective at shortening the CD in females, suggesting more effective bladder emptying. The α-agonist phenylephrine increased the IVP in 3-week-old and 6-week-old females and 3-week-old males, but this effect was blocked by pretreatment with phentolamine. The β-antagonist propranolol increased the PT in both males and females, and shortened the IMI in females, which was consistent with retention. Phenylephrine increased the burst duration in 9-week-old naive females, while isoprenaline increased the burst amplitude and duration in 9-week-old BR females. Conclusions In the neonatal rat, both α- and β-adrenergic receptors actively regulate bladder function by 3 weeks of life, but the desired effect of decreasing IVP by α-antagonists was delayed until 9 weeks in male rats. In contrast, β-agonists were effective at decreasing IVP in both male and female rats of all ages, which suggests that they are better agents for enhancing bladder emptying in female and young male rats. Download : Download high-res image (270KB) Download : Download full-size image Figure . Voiding pressure response to alpha- and beta-adrenergic agents.
Weight Regain Following Intentional Weight Loss in Older Adults

Weight gain results from an imbalance of dietary intake and energy expenditure, and rates of overweight and obesity remain high in our society. Although weight loss is achievable, most subjects who participate in weight loss studies will regain weight and consequently recidivism remains a problem. The effectiveness of maintenance therapy is a continuing area of investigation as various dietary, behavioral, and physical activity strategies are either being investigated or are recommended. This chapter will also introduce mechanisms proposed for weight regain after intentional weight loss and the influence of weight regain on metabolic risk in adults.
Auditing animal welfare and making practical improvements in beef-, pork- and sheep-slaughter plants

A welfare audit that utilises numerically scored, animal-based outcome measures has been used successfully by McDonald’s and other restaurant companies for over ten years. In 2010, audit data from two restaurant companies indicated that all 30 of their North American plants rendered 95% or more of the cattle insensible with a single shot from a captive-bolt gun. Eight pork plants that used electrical stunning placed the tongs correctly on 99% or more of the pigs. All animals were insensible prior to hoisting. In 32 beef plants, the percentage of cattle vocalising in the stunning area was 5% or less. In 94% of the beef plants and 86% of the pork plants, none of the animals fell during handling. The worst falling score was 2% in two of the plants. High standards were attained by making simple changes. To improve welfare, plant managers did the following: improved stunner maintenance; installed non-slip floors in stun boxes and unloading ramps; and trained employees. To reduce balking and improve animal movement, the following modifications were made: illumination of dark race entrances; moving of lamps to eliminate reflections; reducing equipment noise; stopping employee yelling; installation of solid sides on races or shields to prevent animals from seeing activity outside the facility; and the elimination of air blowing in the faces of approaching animals. Employees were trained to use behavioural principles of animal handling such as the point of balance and the flight zone. The five numerically scored outcome measures in this audit are critical control points that can detect a variety of problems. They are: i) the percentage of animals stunned effectively with a single application of the stunner; ii) the percentage of animals falling during handling must be 1% or less to pass; iii) the percentage of pigs or cattle vocalising (moo, bellow, squeal) in the stun box or while entering into the stun box must be 5% or less to pass (vocalisation scoring is not used for sheep); iv) the percentage of animals moved with an electric goad; and v) the percentage of animals rendered insensible before hoisting must be 100% to pass an audit. An animal is scored as either silent or as a vocaliser and whether stunned correctly with a single application or not stunned correctly. The audit also contains a list of banned practices that will result in an automatic failure. To maintain improvements in handling, 23 plants have installed video cameras that are monitored by auditors viewing the footage over the internet. These external auditors perform numerical scoring at random times throughout the day. Video auditing over the internet is an important new tool for improving welfare.
Inhibition of aflatoxin B1 -hepatocarcinogenesis in rats by β-naphthoflavone

Effects of beta-naphthoflavone (beta NF) on the activity of hepatic microsomal aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-4-hydroxylase - the cytochrome P-450-dependent enzyme system which catalyzes the metabolism of AFB1 to AFM1 - and on AFB1-induced in vivo hepatocarcinogenesis were investigated in weanling male Fischer rats. A single i.p. injection of beta NF in doses of 20 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg induced AFB1-4-hydroxylase 3- and 4-fold, respectively, 48 h post injection. Feeding of diet containing 0.01% beta NF for a period of 9-weeks induced AFB1-4-hydroxylase approximately 2-fold. AFB1, given by intubation in a dose of 25 micrograms five times/week for 8 weeks, produced 42 weeks later a 100% incidence of liver lesions (neoplastic foci, nodules or tumors), but feeding beta-NF in diet at a concentration of 0.015% for one week prior to and during the 8 weeks of AFB1 treatment inhibited AFB1 hepatocarcinogenesis by approximately 75%. These results are in accord with the suggestion that AFB1-4-hydroxylase induction may be associated with the inhibition of AFB1 carcinogenesis, possibly occurring as a consequence of accelerated detoxification of AFB1 via its conversion to AFM1.
Optical Beams in Poincaré Modes

We prepare optical beams in Poincare modes via non-separable superpositions of spatial and polarization modes. The resulting modes contain a variety of polarization singularities.
Study on construction method for 3-Dimension labeling information ontology in MBD

In order to solve the problem of rapid marking and reusing of 3-Dimension labeling information in MBD(Model Based Definition), a knowledge model for 3-Dimension labeling information has been built. By analyzing the labeling information in the aircraft designing process, a concept of 3-Dimension labeling information model has been used as the basis for the ontology frame. Combining the process of the ontology construction, the ontology model for 3-Dimension labeling information has been constructed. The description of labeling knowledge with computer language has been solved, which provides basis for application of AI(Artificial Intelligence)in 3-Dimension labeling domain.
Comparison between the improved crushed method with the original method for inoculating larvae from the infected snails

Objective To compare the modified crushed method for inoculating larvae from the infectious snails.Methods Double-blind experiment was applied,three methods were compared: 1,simple inoculation method(S),2,simple crushed method(SC),3,improved crushed method(IC).The outcome,missing rate and detection efficiency were compared.Results The 186 samples tested(per 100 only snails).Crushed larvae improved method yat,yat larvae law and crushed detection method were detected 3 positive samples were 32,30 and 32;Yi missed larva method was 6.25%,crushing method and improved crush yat larva Law no undetected;3 detection,the detection rates were 13.02 only / min,12.95 only / min and 1.58 only / min,improved law and crushed yat yat granulosus larvae were crushed detection efficiency of 8.24 times and the law 8.20 times;improved method for inoculating larvae Central Plaza crushed sample,250ml cercariae in water samples when the number of ≥ 60 cercaiac detection rate of 100%.Conclusions The modified method(IC),simple,accurate and of high efficiency,is suitable for larvae detection
Preparing Teachers for Educational Renewal Within Current Contexts of Accountability Reflecting Upon John Goodlad’s Twenty Postulates

Given changes to the ways teachers and, by association, the universities that prepare them are held accountable, the critical work of John Goodlad in educational renewal through teacher education h...
Automated detection of Chinese Government astroturfers using network and social metadata

Astroturfing is the practice of an organization communicating a message using fake “grass-roots” sources. Because these messages attempt to mimic ordinary individuals, distinguishing them from real grass-roots messages is a difficult task. In this paper, I present a method for automatically detecting pro-government astroturfers in China (colloquially referred to as the Fifty Cent Party), using comment metadata from a dataset of 70 million news media comments posted on 6 million news articles from 19 popular news websites in China. I estimate that approximately 15% of all comments made on these 19 news websites are made by government astroturfers. This method of comment propaganda detection is automated, and does not require manual human labeling. Instead, data are labeled according to metadata characteristic of the work procedures and behavioral patterns of government astroturfers. Models trained on these metadata predict posts from a leaked dataset of government astroturfers with as high as 94.1% accuracy. This method allows researchers timely access to government astroturfer commentary from China. Additionally, this method allows for prediction of astroturfers’ bureaucratic affiliation using social network data, and can allow researchers to explore variance in how this information control tactic is deployed in different bureaucracies and localities in China. It also suggests a forensic method for detecting astroturfers in different countries and online platforms.
An overview of micron's automata processor

Micron's new Automata Processor (AP) architecture exploits the very high and natural level of parallelism found in DRAM technologies to achieve native-hardware implementation of non-deterministic finite automata (NFAs). The use of DRAM technology to implement the NFA states provides high capacity and therefore provide extraordinary parallelism for pattern recognition. In this paper, we give an overview of AP's architecture, programming and applications.
Play and myth in Plato's phaedrus

Plato’s Phaedrus is a famously intriguing dialogue. It employs a wide range of writing styles, such as myth, dialectic discussion, rehearsed and spontaneous speeches, and lines of verse. It makes a sharp transition from speech-making and storytelling, which make up the first half of the dialogue and deal with love, to dialectical discussion and an analysis of rhetoric in its second half. Socrates himself claims erotic madness is man’s greatest blessing. How seriously can we take such a strange dialogue? How serious can we be regarding its message? In this article I will suggest a playful reading of the Phaedrus. Not only does the notion of play ( paidia ) feature prominently in several key passages of the text, but there is also an atmosphere of playfulness throughout the drama of the dialogue, which takes place on the banks of the river Ilisus. This is a philosophical playfulness which is not divorced from childish playfulness. As we will see, the philosopher and the child have much in common, and their shared attributes figure in the Phaedrus : the child is commonly perceived to be irrational, but irrationality in this dialogue is a blessing, according to Socrates; play is childish, but philosophy, mythmaking and writing are a form of play; and children are inherently learners—which is also what the philosopher ultimately aims at. The argument presented in this paper is based on a textual analysis of the word “play” (in its various forms) in the Phaedrus . The substantial link made between play, myth and writing will be shown to have important implications on Plato’s concept of philosophy as play, as well as on his view of the philosopher as child-like.
Permafrost slowly exhales methane

Permafrost soils store vast quantities of organic matter that are vulnerable to decomposition under a warming climate. Recent research finds that methane release from thawing permafrost may outpace carbon dioxide as a major contributor to global warming over the next century.
Characterization of bone only metastasis patients with respect to tumor subtypes.

Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients with bone only metastasis (BOM) are a unique population with limited characterization. We identified patients followed at MD Anderson Cancer Center from 01/01/1997 to 12/31/2015 for at least 6 months with a BOM diagnosis as first site of metastasis. Tumor subtype (TS) was assessed by initial breast biopsy immunohistochemistry using hormonal receptor (HR) and HER2 status, with four subtypes identified: HR+/HER2−, HR+/HER2+, HR−/HER2−, HR−/HER2+. HR+ was defined as estrogen receptor or progesterone receptor ≥1%. We identified 1445 patients with BOM, 1048 with TS data available. Among these patients, the majority were HR+/HER2− (78%). Median time from breast cancer diagnosis to first bone metastasis was 2.3 years (95% CI 2.1, 2.5) and varied significantly by TS, with longer time to distant disease in HR+/HER2− patients relative to all other TS (p < .0001). Median overall survival (OS) from breast cancer diagnosis was 8.7 years (95% CI 8.0, 9.7) and varied significantly by TS with poorer OS for HR−/HER2− and HR-/HER2+ patients relative to HR+/HER2− TS (p < .0001). The 442 patients with de novo BOM disease, defined as bone metastasis diagnosis within 4 months of breast cancer diagnosis, had significantly shorter OS (p < .0001). Overall, several higher risk BOM subsets were identified in this analysis, most notably HR−/HER2+ and HR−/HER2− TS and de novo BOM patients. Not all cases of breast cancer with bone-only metastases should be treated the same. Amanda Parkes and colleagues from The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, USA, examined the tumor subtype of over 1000 women with metastatic breast cancer that had spread to the bone. The majority—78%—tested positive for a hormone receptor (estrogen or progesterone) but negative for the HER2 receptor. The median time from diagnosis to identification of the first bone metastasis was 2.3 years and the median survival time post-diagnosis was 8.7 years, although this varied significantly by tumor subtype. Women negative for a hormone receptor or who developed bone metastases within 4 months of breast cancer diagnosis had the worst outcomes. The findings show the need to consider tumor subtype for this patient population.
Elastic Response of a Thick Isotropic Cylinder to an Arbitrary Pressure Applied at One End

Recently, a method was proposed for solving the pure end condition problem of a semi-infinite elastic cylinder [1]. This has been a long standing problem in the dynamic theory of linear elasticity. The method employed decomposed the pure end condition problem into two mixed end condition problems then superposed their solutions. On each of the mixed end condition problems a double transform technique is used then inverted asymptotically [2].
Evolution and Domestication of the Dog

We ordinarily think of the dog as an animal whose biological history has been determined by artificial selection enforced by human masters, whereas evolution is usually considered a process which takes place without human direction. However, for the greater part of the history of this species, which now can be authentically timed as beginning at least 10,000 to 12,000 years ago, dogs were probably not subject to the conscious selection practised by dog breeders within the last century. Even within this latter period the direction of selection has changed many times. Furthermore, most of the main varieties of dogs were not produced by scientific breeding, but had their origin in the remote historical past as local varieties. It seems most likely that most of these local strains were produced largely by accident and were only later recognized as having valuable special characteristics, after which the variety would be spread over a larger area by travellers and traders.
Analyzing the Export Intensity of Electronics Firms in India

The second half of the 1990s witnessed an almost threefold increase in the number of exports by India’s electronics industry. This chapter proposes and empirically tests a model to analyze the export intensity of 164 electronics firms in India; the Tobit model is estimated, using firm-level panel data from India’s electronics industry for the period 2000–2005. The results indicate that firm size, foreign direct investment, and capital employed have played an important role in boosting exports in this sector. The findings have policy implications for the measures to be implemented to improve the electronics sector’s performance in India and in other, similar countries.
Attitudes, Traits, and Actions: Dispositional Prediction of Behavior in Personality and Social Psychology

Publisher Summary In the domain of personality psychology, the trait concept has carried the burden of dispositional explanation. A multitude of personality traits has been identified and new trait dimensions continue to join the growing list. In a similar fashion, the concept of attitude has been the focus of attention in the explanations of human behavior offered by social psychologists. Numerous attitudes have been assessed over the years and, as new social issues emerge, additional attitudinal domains are explored. The chapter provides little evidence to support the postulated existence of stable, underlying attitudes within the individual, which influence both verbal expressions and actions. It examines the relation between two or more actions that were assumed to reflect the same underlying disposition. The aggregation of responses across time, contexts, targets, or actions or across a combination of these elements permits the inferences of dispositions at varying levels of generality.
School Nurses Can Improve the Lives of Students With Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.

Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a chronic illness that is defined and diagnosed by its symptoms: extreme fatigue made worse by physical and mental activity, pain and ...
Cytometric fingerprinting and machine learning (CFML): A novel label-free, objective method for routine mastitis screening

Abstract Bovine mastitis costs the US dairy industry $2 billion, an average of $200 per cow annually. Mastitis is currently diagnosed based on macroscopic alteration of milk or with a somatic cells count (SCC), which are non-specific markers of infection. Cows that have milk samples with no macroscopic alteration (i.e. clots) with more than 200,000 SCC per mL are classified as experiencing subclinical mastitis. Here, we demonstrate a novel cytometric fingerprinting and machine learning (CFML) toolchain as a label-free, objective, high-throughput microbiological milk quality evaluation method for routine mastitis screening. Milk samples were collected from each quarter of the udder from paired 20 milking Holstein cows. Cytometric fingerprints were immediately obtained along with simultaneous pathological analysis. Cytometric fingerprints largely resembled SCC and unique somatic cytometric fingerprints were observed in response to bacterial pathogens distinct from algal and fungal. To demonstrate applications of machine learning in reducing human intervention in future on-farm automated mastitis screening systems, we trained multiple machine learning models on cytometric fingerprints. Tested classifiers were found to be efficient, scalable and robust in classifying specific pathogen, identifying the lactation stage and pathogen intensity with 99.27%, 100%, and 100% accuracies respectively. Our findings indicate that CFML is sensitive to milk samples from cows experiencing subclinical mastitis spanning distinct types and levels of infections. The use of CFML is hence recommended for rapid, high-throughput mastitis typing. This would assist in the use of data-driven monitoring approaches leading to proper and judicious use of antibiotics in animal agriculture.
Genetics and imaging of pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas: current update

Pheochromocytomas (PCCs) and paragangliomas (PGLs) are rare, heterogeneous neuroendocrine neoplasms of the autonomous nervous system of chromaffin cell origin that may arise within the adrenal medulla (PCCs) or the sympathetic and parasympathetic paraganglia (PGLs). Currently referred to by the umbrella term pheochromocytomas-paragangliomas (PPGLs), these distinct tumors are characterized by specific histopathology as well as biological and clinical profiles. PPGLs may occur as part of hereditary syndromes (40% of cases) or as sporadic tumors. Currently, there are 12 different hereditary syndromes with characteristic genetic abnormalities, at least 15 well-characterized driver genes and distinct tumor metabolic pathways. Based on the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) taxonomic schemata, PPGLs have been classified into three main clusters of specific genetic mutations and tumor pathways with clinical, biochemical, and prognostic implications. Imaging plays a pivotal role in the initial diagnosis, tumor characterization, evaluation of treatment response, and long-term surveillance. While MDCT and MRI help in the anatomic localization, SPECT, and PET using different radiotracers are crucial in the functional assessment of these tumors. Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy are currently available treatment options for PPGLs; antiangiogenic drugs are also being used in treating metastatic disease. Evolving knowledge regarding the different genetic abnormalities involved in the pathogenesis of PPGLs has identified potential therapeutic targets that may be utilized in the discovery of novel drugs.
A Machine Learning Approach to Pronominal Anaphora Resolution in Dialogue Based Intelligent Tutoring Systems

Anaphora resolution is a central topic in dialogue and discourse that deals with finding the referent of a pronoun. It plays a critical role in conversational Intelligent Tutoring Systems ITSs as it can increase the accuracy of assessing students' knowledge level, i.e. mental model, based on their natural language inputs. Although anaphora resolution is one of the most studied problems in Natural Language Processing, there are very few studies that focus on anaphora resolution in dialogue based ITSs. To this end, we present Deep Anaphora Resolution Engine++ DARE++ that adapts and extends existing machine learning solutions to resolve pronouns in ITS dialogues. Experiments showed that DARE++ achieves a F-measure of 88.93%, proving the potential of the proposed method for resolving pronouns in student-tutor dialogues.
Diabetes as a potential risk for periodontitis: association studies

Diabetes affects one in 10 adults and periodontal disease affects four in 10 adults in the USA, and they are linked. Individuals with diabetes are more likely to suffer from periodontal disease and periodontal disease affects glycemic control and complications of diabetes. The role of diabetes as a risk factor for periodontal disease and other oral conditions will be discussed in this review. The fact that type 2 diabetes, especially uncontrolled, is a risk factor for periodontal disease has long been recognized. However, the role of type 1 diabetes and gestational diabetes in periodontal risk has recently been described. Also, diabetes as a risk factor for tooth loss has more recently been described and the deleterious effects of tooth loss, especially edentulism, in comparing the diets of patients with diabetes is now fully appreciated. From longitudinal studies it is clear that diabetes often precedes periodontitis and, hence, may contribute to the causal pathway of periodontitis. Other oral manifestations of diabetes include increased risk of oral and nonoral (vaginal) fungal infections. In patients with diabetes there is often reduced salivary flow associated with diabetes medications and neuropathy affecting the salivary glands. This may lead to increased caries. Burning mouth, resulting from diabetes neuropathy, and taste impairment may also be seen. It has long been known that there is delayed wound healing in patients with diabetes, especially if uncontrolled. Hence, it is critical to achieve good glycemic control before carrying out surgical procedures or dental implant placement in patients with diabetes.
Olanzapine-Induced Hyponatremia Presenting with Seizure Requiring Intensive Care Unit Admission.

Rapid-onset hyponatremia is a rare, but potential, complication of olanzapine treatment. Hyponatremia, secondary to atypical antipsychotic use, has been reported in many case reports and is thought to be associated with a syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). Psychogenic polydipsia is a separate cause of hyponatremia, which is also seen in the psychiatric population, particularly in schizophrenia, and must be differentiated from SIADH. We report a case of sudden-onset hyponatremia resulting in seizure onset necessitating intensive care unit admission in a patient taking olanzapine during hospitalization in a psychiatric unit. Clinicians should be aware of the association between olanzapine and hyponatremia secondary to SIADH or psychogenic polydipsia. As in our case, the patient status may decline rapidly, resulting in seizure onset. Physicians should actively monitor patients taking antipsychotics for changes in serum sodium levels.
Smoking status and immunotherapy outcomes in smoking-associated cancers.

e15097Background: Improved immunotherapy (IO) outcomes have been observed among non-small cell lung cancer patients with a current or former smoking history. This is thought to be a consequence of ...
A Two Question Screen for Mental Health Opportunities.

Background: Shortened versions of validated PRO measures of coping strategies e.g. PSEQ-2, may facilitatescreening and monitoring of psychological conditions such as depression and anxiety. The primary researchquestion in this study assesses the sensitivity and specificity of a PSEQ-2 score of less than 10 for importantsymptoms of depression (a PHQ-2 score greater than 2), anxiety (GAD-2 score greater than 2), any impactfulprior episode of psychological trauma, and QuickDASH greater than 49. Secondarily we assess the associationsbetween self-efficacy and other demographic and psychological factors on the magnitude of limitations and painintensity.Methods: We performed a retrospective PRO evaluation in 926 adult patients attending upper extremity clinicbetween 1st January 2018 and 31st January 2019. Demographic factors were assessed using electronic medicalrecords and PRO data using an online platform. Patients included 556 (60%) women, 370 (40%) men (mean 51years + 14 (range, 19-88), mostly (n=584, 63%) with safety net insurance.Results: A PSEQ-2 scoring threshold of less than 10 was 81% sensitive for a PHQ-2 score of 3 or greater, 84%sensitive for a GAD-2 score of 3 or greater, 84% sensitive for one or more important psychological traumas, and 82%sensitive for a QuickDASH of 50 or greater. PSEQ-2 less than 10 was independently associated with greater upperextremity limitations (β=11 [6.3 to 17, 95% Confidence interval [C.I], p <0.001) and pain intensity (β=0.92 (0.31 to 1.5,95% C.I) P=0.003) amongst other psychological and demographic factors.Conclusion: A PSEQ-2 score less than 10 might, along with verbal and non-verbal signs of distress, be a usefulway to introduce the use of more sensitive screening questionnaires about anxiety or depression, or open up the option of speaking directly to mental or social health professionals. Future studies are required to test thishypothesis. Level of evidence: III
Newhampton: A Future Forward(ified) Black City in the United States

In this chapter, Philip Butler juxtaposes the grave lessons of the Greenwood community in North Tulsa with the fictional techno-futuristic landscape of Wakanda. As a bustling Black community, Greenwood drew the ire of surrounding white communities. This chapter analyzes the Greenwood community’s limited ability to defend itself against violent white forces, and compares “Black Wall Street” to Wakanda’s futuristic isolationist technologies that infuse Bantu philosophy/spirituality into their technological constructionist practices. From these ruminations emerge Newhampton. Newhampton is a Black future city in the United States that learns from the Tulsa massacre, and draws from the wisdom of Wakanda. It is a city that exists between the two, as a vibrant, protected, isolated, and futuristic city that leads the future it belongs to.
Respiratory Therapist Intubation Practice in Pediatric Intensive Care Units: A Multi-Center Registry Study

Background: Endotracheal intubation by respiratory therapists (RTs) is a well-established practice and has been described primarily in adult and neonatal patients. However, minimal data exist regarding RT intubation practice in pediatric intensive care units (ICUs). The purpose of this study was to describe the current landscape of RT intubation in pediatric ICUs. Methods: A multi-center quality improvement database, the National Emergency Airway Registry for Children (NEAR4KIDs) was queried from 2015-2018. Data were prospectively collected on patient demographics, indication for intubation, difficult airway history and feature presence, provider discipline, medications and device. Intubation outcomes included first attempt and overall success rates, and tracheal intubation adverse events (TIAEs). One attempt was defined as an insertion of a device (e.g., laryngoscope) into the oropharynx. Overall intubation success was defined as tracheal intubation achieved in ≤ 2 attempts. Statistics were descriptive with Chi-squared test to compare proportions with statistical significance set at 0.05. Results: There were 12,056 initial intubation encounters analyzed, with 109 (0.9%) by RTs. Nine centers reported at least one intubation encounter by RTs. The number of RT intubation attempts per center ranged from 1 to 46 (RT attempt rate per center: 0% to 19.6%). Overall RT success rate was 76.1%, with first attempt success rate 60.6%, and adverse TIAE rate 22.9%. First attempt success rate (range 0% to 73.3%, P = .03), overall success rate (0% to 100% range P = .004), any TIAE rate (0% to 100%, P = .02) and severe TIAE rate (0 to 42.9%, P = .006) varied across centers. Three centers reported a minimum of 10 intubation attempts by RTs, with first attempt success rates of (56.0%, 71.7%, and 73.3%), overall success rates of (80.0%, 82.6%, 86.7%), and adverse TIAE rates of (36.0%, 10.9%, 33.3%). When RT attempts were compared to other providers, airway characteristics were similar except RTs were more likely to intubate children due to a neurologic indication (RT 1.9% vs. 0.8%, P
Perceptions of Telehealth Physical Therapy Among Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 prompted the rapid adoption of telehealth to provide physical therapy. Patients' perceptions about telehealth physical therapy are mostly unknown. This study de...
6-Geranyloxy-3-methyl-1,8-dihydroxyanthrone, a novel antileukemic agent from Psorospermum febrifugum Sprach var. ferrugineum (Hook. fil).

A systematic fractionation of the root extract ofPsorospermum febrifugum was carried out in an attempt to reisolate the antitumor xanthone psorospermin and related compounds for further structural work and testing. This activitydirected fractionation led to the isolation of 6-geranyloxy-3-methyl-1,8-dihydroxyanthrone (1). Compound (1) was characterized based on spectroscopic and chemical evidence and showed borderline but reproducible activity in the P-388 mouse leukemia system.
Cooperatives and irrigation in Vietnam

Cooperative agricultural activity has existed in Vietnam in various forms for many decades. Under central planning, cooperative institutions provided a means for the government to extract surplus from agriculture for the development of the industrial sector. Now, under policies promoting market liberalization in agriculture, household farming units are no longer obliged to transact with the cooperative. The focus of this dissertation is on the interaction between autonomous household production units and cooperative institutions. Collective action around irrigation represents one economic motive for coop participation. Recent developments in club theory provide a conceptual framework within which analysis can be conducted. The (partially) non-rival and excludable characteristics of irrigation satisfy the requirement of the model while the presence of agricultural cooperatives suggests a possible means for organizing household production units for eflBcient utilization of irrigation. A household production model is employed to address the external affects of irrigation among households. The conditions of Pareto optimality for the hybrid model, which combines club theory and household production theory, are derived and compared with the corresponding conditions of conventional club models. The comparative statics of the model are exploited to derive labor market consequences of a shared partially non-rival good. An empirical analysis is conducted using data from The Living Standards Measurement Surveyan elaborate household and community questionnaire which contains substantial data on household use of irrigation and participation in cooperatives. Evidence is reported for model predictions regarding coop formation, coop participation and labor market