cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PEGylation of a High-Affinity Anti-(+)Methamphetamine Single Chain Antibody Fragment Extends Functional Half-Life by Reducing Clearance.

Methamphetamine (METH) abuse is a worldwide drug problem, yet no FDA-approved pharmacological treatments are available for METH abuse. Therefore, we produced an anti-METH single chain antibody fragment (scFv7F9Cys) as a pharmacological treatment for METH abuse. ScFv’s have a short half-life due to their small size, limiting their clinical use. Thus, we examined the pharmacokinetic effects of conjugating poly(ethylene) glycol (-PEG) to scFv7F9Cys to extend its functional half-life. The affinity of scFv7F9Cys and PEG conjugates to METH was determined in vitro via equilibrium dialysis saturation binding. Pharmacokinetic and parameters of scFv7F9Cys and scFv7F9Cys-PEG20K (30 mg/kg i.v. each) and their ability to bind METH in vivo were determined in male Sprague-Dawley rats receiving a subcutaneous infusion of METH (3.2 mg/kg/day). Of three PEGylated conjugates, scFv7F9Cys-PEG20K was determined the most viable therapeutic candidate. PEGylation of scFv7F9Cys did not alter METH binding functionality in vitro, and produced a 27-fold increase in the in vivo half-life of the antibody fragment. Furthermore, total METH serum concentrations increased following scFv7F9Cys or scFv7F9Cys-PEG20K administration, with scFv7F9Cys-PEG20K producing significantly longer changes in METH distribution than scFv7F9Cys. PEGylation of scFv7F9Cys significantly increase the functional half-life of scFv7F9Cys, suggesting it may be a long-lasting pharmacological treatment option for METH abuse.
ADHD and Motor Perception Dysfunction Comorbidity

The epidemiology, co-morbidity and overlap of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and deficits in attention, motor control and perception (DAMP), as defined in Scandinavia, were assessed in a total population of 589 6-year-old children screened for neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders at the Skovde Central Hospital, and the University of Goteborg, Sweden.
Second Workshop on Cyber-Physical Systems Security and PrivaCy (CPS-SPC'16)

The Second International Workshop on Cyber-Physical Systems Security and PrivaCy (CPS-SPC'16) is being held in conjunction with the 23rd ACM CCS Conference. This second edition follows a successful workshop held with ACM CCS in 2015. The workshop was motivated by several observations. First, cyber-physical systems represent the new frontier for cyber risk. The attack surface imposed by the convergence of computing, communications and physical control represents unique challenges for security researchers and practitioners. Second, majority of the published literature addressing the security and privacy of CPS reflect a field still in its infancy. As such, the overall principles, models, and theories for securing CPS have not yet emerged. Third, the organizers of this workshop strongly felt that a premiere forum associated with a premiere conference was needed for rapidly publishing diverse, multidisciplinary in-progress work on the security and privacy of CPS and galvanizing the research community. The set of accepted papers reflect this vision. We have organized an exciting program for this workshop and look forward to active participation in this and future workshops.
Assembly and Electronic Applications of Colloidal Nanomaterials.

Artificial solids and thin films assembled from colloidal nanomaterials give rise to versatile properties that can be exploited in a range of technologies. In particular, solution-based processes allow for the large-scale and low-cost production of nanoelectronics on rigid or mechanically flexible substrates. To achieve this goal, several processing steps require careful consideration, including nanomaterial synthesis or exfoliation, purification, separation, assembly, hybrid integration, and device testing. Using a ubiquitous electronic device – the field-effect transistor – as a platform, colloidal nanomaterials in three electronic material categories are reviewed systematically: semiconductors, conductors, and dielectrics. The resulting comparative analysis reveals promising opportunities and remaining challenges for colloidal nanomaterials in electronic applications, thereby providing a roadmap for future research and development.
SocialTrends: a web application for monitoring and visualizing users in social media

Nowadays social media trends are becoming very important to describe the variation of popularity, activity and influence of an entity. In this paper we define an abstract model which can be used on different social media to compare metrics with the same meaning. In particular we describe three classes of metrics: popularity, activity and influence. We also present SocialTrends, a web application (http://www.social-trends.it/) which collects, elaborates and visualizes social media data. Finally, we describe one experiment we have done to test SocialTrends.
Assessing Chemical Transformation of Reactive, Interfacial Thin Films Made of End-Tethered Poly(2-vinyl-4,4-dimethyl azlactone) (PVDMA) Chains

Designing thin films or surface scaffolds with an appropriate display of chemical functionality is useful for biomedical applications, sensing platforms, adhesives, and barrier coatings. Relationships between the structural characteristics of model thin films based on reactive poly(2-vinyl-4,4-dimethyl azlactone) (PVDMA) brushes and the amount and distribution of primary amines used to chemically functionalize these layers in situ are quantitatively detailed via neutron reflectometry and compared with results from ellipsometry. After functionalization, the PVDMA brush thickness increases as a result of the primary amines reacting with the azlactone rings. Both techniques show that the extent of functionalization by small-molecule amines depends on the size of the amine, the grafting density of brush chains, and their molecular weight. However, constrained analysis of neutron reflectivity data predicated on that technique’s sensitivity to isotopic substitution and its ability to resolve structure at the na...
Are Parkinson's Patients More Vulnerable to the Effects of Cardiovascular Risk: A Neuroimaging and Neuropsychological Study.

Objectives This study examined whether individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) are at increased vulnerability for vascular-related cognitive impairment relative to controls. The underlying assumption behind this hypothesis relates to brain reserve and that both PD and vascular risk factors impair similar fronto-executive cognitive systems. Methods The sample included 67 PD patients and 61 older controls (total N=128). Participants completed neuropsychological measures of executive functioning, processing speed, verbal delayed recall/memory, language, and auditory attention. Cardiovascular risk was assessed with the Framingham Cardiovascular Risk index. Participants underwent brain imaging (T1 and T2 FLAIR). Trained raters measured total and regional leukoaraiosis (periventricular, deep subcortical, and infracortical). Results Hierarchical regressions revealed that more severe cardiovascular risk was related to worse executive functioning, processing speed, and delayed verbal recall in both Parkinson patients and controls. More severe cardiovascular risk was related to worse language functioning in the PD group, but not controls. In contrast, leukoaraiosis related to both cardiovascular risk and executive functioning for controls, but not the PD group. Conclusions Overall, results revealed that PD and cardiovascular risk factors are independent risk factors for cognitive impairment. Generally, the influence of cardiovascular risk factors on cognition is similar in PD patients and controls. (JINS, 2017, 23, 322-331).
Delta-doped β-gallium oxide field-effect transistor

We report silicon delta doping in gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3) grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy using a shutter pulsing technique. We describe the growth procedures that can be used to realize high Si incorporation in an oxidizing oxygen plasma environment. Delta doping was adopted to realize thin (12 nm) low-resistance layers with a sheet resistance of 320 Ω/square (mobility of 83 cm2 V−1 s−1, integrated sheet charge of 2.4 × 1014 cm−2). A single delta-doped sheet of carriers was employed as a channel to realize a field-effect transistor with current I D,max = 236 mA/mm and transconductance g m = 26 mS/mm.
Current View on CKD Risk Factors: Traditional, Noncommunicable Diseases—Diabetes, Hypertension, and Obesity

Summary Noncommunicable diseases (NCD), including chronic kidney disease (CKD), have become globally recognized as leading causes of premature morbidity and mortality. Three medical conditions: obesity, elevated blood pressure, and elevated blood glucose; and three behavioral factors: tobacco use, alcohol use, and high salt intake, have been identified as major modifiable NCD risk factors. As a result, global targets have been set to address these. Uncontrolled hypertension and poor diabetes control, two of the three prioritized medical conditions, are the two leading causes of kidney failure worldwide. Data from recent studies, however, now concurrently implicate excess body weight as an additional significant contributor to the CKD pandemic. Obstacles to addressing these risk factors and meeting global targets include inadequate public surveillance, substandard prevention, and limited early intervention programs for CKD and CKD risk factors, especially in low- and middle-income countries and low-resourced communities in high-income countries. This chapter will elaborate on the epidemiology and potential strategies to address the three globally targeted medical conditions—diabetes, hypertension, and obesity—and their roles as key CKD risk factors among populations at greatest risk.
Standard molar chemical exergy: A new accurate model

Abstract One of the key challenges in exergy analysis is computation of the standard molar chemical exergies of the compounds involved in the process or system. Here, we present a new, data-driven model for computation of the standard molar chemical exergies of pure organic compounds composed of C, H, N, O, S, F, Cl, Br, I and Si. The model is obtained by considering the formation of a pure organic compound from its constituent elements. The compound's standard molar chemical exergy is related to its standard state enthalpy and entropy of formation, and to the standard molar chemical exergies of its constituent elements. A database of 3148 pure organic compounds is used to develop correlations for the enthalpy and entropy of formation of an arbitrary organic compound based on a group contribution approach. Using these correlations, the standard molar chemical exergy of a given organic compound can be computed from our model. Comparison of model predictions with experimental data for 3148 compounds produces an average absolute relative deviation of only 0.3%. The new model provides a reasonable basis to estimate the standard molar chemical exergies of various organic compounds when experimental data are not available.
Extensions of Dedekind Domains

To begin with, ℤ and F[x] are Dedekind domains. Indeed, Axioms I and II follow from the examination of the ideal structure (pid), while III follows from the unique decomposition (Lemma 2.19). In this chapter we show that Dedekind domains may be enlarged (always to Dedekind domains) by adjoining roots of algebraic equations. This opens the way for algebraic number theory (and algebraic function theory). Let
Sexual conflict and the maintenance of genetic variation in natural populations

Understanding the factors that maintain genetic variation in natural populations is a foundational goal of evolutionary biology. To this end, population geneticists have developed a variety of models that can produce stable polymorphisms. In one of the earliest models, Owen () demonstrated that differences in selection pressures acting on males and females could maintain multiple alleles of a gene at a stable equilibrium. If the selection pressures act in opposite directions in males and females, we refer to this as (inter-) sexual conflict or sexual antagonism (Arnqvist & Rowe, ). Testing if sexual conflict maintains genetic variation in natural populations is a tremendous challenge-it requires both identifying loci that harbor sexually antagonistic alleles and determining whether those alleles are maintained as stable polymorphisms (Mank, ). Doing so genome-wide is even harder because it is not tractable to identify sexually antagonistic alleles and test for stable polymorphisms at all loci. Dutoit et al. () confront this challenge in a paper published in this issue of Molecular Ecology. Using gene expression and population genomic data from the collared flycatcher, Dutoit et al. () identify associations and correlations between genomic signatures of balanced polymorphisms and sexual conflict.
Precipitation and the relative abundances of desert winter annuals: a 6-year study in the northern Mohave Desert

The relationship between winter annual plants and the amount and timing of precipitation was studied for 6 years in Rock Valley, Nevada, U.S.A. Sixty-two annual species, whose year-to-year densities commonly varied 100-fold, were encountered in sampling quadrats. While dominance–diversity curves varied markedly between years, the similarity in relative abundances of annuals between years was correlated with differences in September–October precipitation of the previous fall; thus, in a comparison of years, the more similar the amount of precipitation in the early fall months, the more similar the relative abundances of annuals. Between-year differences in the total amount of fall and spring precipitation, or in precipitation in November-December or January-February, were not related to compositional similarity. Annual composition was not related to that of the previous year. The proportional abundance of species varied less than did their absolute abundances. These results suggest that compositional dynamics of annual plants in the Mohave Desert are keyed to processes that affect germination.
Patients' Expectations of Hip Preservation Surgery: A Survey Study

Purpose To administer the Hip Preservation Surgery Expectations Survey to a large sample of patients to ascertain the prevalence of their preoperative expectations and to assess expectations in terms of demographic and clinical characteristics. Methods Consecutive patients were enrolled if they were ≥18 years old/spoke English and excluded if they had prior hip surgery/degenerative changes Tonnis ≥2. Patients completed the 21-item survey addressing the amount of improvement expected for each item (number of items and an overall score were determined) and the International Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT; hip score determined). Analyses included multivariable regression with survey score and number of expectations as dependent variables. Subanalyses considered collegiate/professional, competitive, and recreational sports level. Results Three hundred two patients participated, with a mean age of 32; 270 (89%) had cam impingement, 72 (24%) had symptoms Conclusions Patients had multiple expectations for marked improvement in current and future physical function and psychological well-being. Younger patients, shorter symptom duration, and worse hip-specific functional status were associated with greater expectations. Understanding patients' expectations can guide preoperative education regarding realistic expectations for recovery and long-term outcome. Clinical Relevance Patients’ preoperative expectations vary according to demographic and clinical characteristics as measured in a survey study.
Fully Automated Postlumpectomy Breast Margin Assessment Utilizing Convolutional Neural Network Based Optical Coherence Tomography Image Classification Method.

Background The purpose of this study was to develop a deep learning classification approach to distinguish cancerous from noncancerous regions within optical coherence tomography (OCT) images of breast tissue for potential use in an intraoperative setting for margin assessment. Methods A custom ultrahigh-resolution OCT (UHR-OCT) system with an axial resolution of 2.7 μm and a lateral resolution of 5.5 μm was used in this study. The algorithm used an A-scan-based classification scheme and the convolutional neural network (CNN) was implemented using an 11-layer architecture consisting of serial 3 × 3 convolution kernels. Four tissue types were classified, including adipose, stroma, ductal carcinoma in situ, and invasive ductal carcinoma. Results The binary classification of cancer versus noncancer with the proposed CNN achieved 94% accuracy, 96% sensitivity, and 92% specificity. The mean five-fold validation F1 score was highest for invasive ductal carcinoma (mean standard deviation, 0.89 ± 0.09) and adipose (0.79 ± 0.17), followed by stroma (0.74 ± 0.18), and ductal carcinoma in situ (0.65 ± 0.15). Conclusion It is feasible to use CNN based algorithm to accurately distinguish cancerous regions in OCT images. This fully automated method can overcome limitations of manual interpretation including interobserver variability and speed of interpretation and may enable real-time intraoperative margin assessment.
The Development and Usability Testing of a Decision Support Mobile App for the Essential Care for Every Baby (ECEB) Program

mHealth is a pervasive and ubiquitous technology which has revolutionized the healthcare system for both health providers and patients (Wang et al. 2016). Each year, globally, about 15 million babies are born too soon (premature) or too small (low birthweight small for gestational age); among these 2.7 million newborns die every year due to complications from prematurity (Every New Born 2014). Common complications of prematurity like feeding problems, and hypothermia lead to high rates of morbidity and mortality among prematurely born babies each year. Delivery of evidence-based essential newborn care interventions, from birth through the first 24 h of postnatal life, has been shown to improve health and well-being, and reduce mortality, among newborns. However, due to a variety of barriers, bottlenecks, and challenges, many babies born in resource-limited settings do not receive the full complement of these lifesaving interventions. In order to address these challenges, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) has developed an integrated educational and training curriculm for health care providers and family stakeholders in LMICs called Essential Care for Every Baby (ECEB). ECEB has an Action Plan, which serves as a decision support tool and job aid for health care providers. (Figure 1), by synthesizing research over a decade on helping babies survive (Essential Care for Every Baby 2018). This program teaches health care providers essential newborn care practices to keep all babies healthy from the time of birth to discharge from the facility. Yet, the nuances of monitoring, tracking and taking care of multiple babies simultaneously in neonatal wards has a big cognitive load on nurses, who must perform tasks every few minutes on each baby. The care is divided into three phases based on the time after birth: Phase 1 (0–60 min), Phase 2 (60–90 min), Phase 3 (90 min-24 h). We iteratively developed and tested the usability of the ECEB action plan, as part of the mobile Helping Babies Survive (mHBS) suite of apps, and plan to field test the app in the near future. Open image in new window Fig. 1. Essential Care for Every Baby (ECEB) action plan
REPLICATION, INCOMPATIBILITY, AND STABILITY FUNCTIONS OF R PLASMID NRI

ABSTRACT The incompatibility ( inc ), copy number control ( cop ), and origin of replication ( ori ) of the 90 kilobase ( kb ) R plasmid NR1 (FII incompatibility group) and its copy mutant pRR12 have been located on two contiguous PstI fragments of size 1.1 kb ( inc, cop ) and 1.6 kb ( ori ). The cop mutant pRR12 is compatible ( inc ) with NR1, but is incompatible with other cop 12 derivatives. Evi-dence is presented that the incompatibility of inc FII plasmid derivatives is a manifestation of plasmid copy number control. Hybrid plasmids have been constructed which contain the Pst I 1.1 kb fragment of NR1 ligated to the Pst I 1.6 kb fragment of pRR12 (and vice versa). Copy number control, the ability to exclude an incompatible resident plasmid by transformation, and the ability to be excluded from host cells by transformation with an incom-patible plasmid were determined solely by the source of the Pst I 1.1 kb fragment. These findings suggest that, if incompatibility is due to the in-teraction of a repressor with a receptor site on a plasmid, both the structural gene for the repre-sor and its receptor site are located on the Pst I 1.1 kb fragment. Using a nitrocellulose filter binding assay, RNA polymerase binding sites and transcription initiation sites were mapped on the Pst I 1.1 and 1.6 kb fragments. Plasmids have been construct-ed which contain two copies of the Pst I 1.1 kb ( inc. cop ) fragment. It has not been possible to construct plasmids containing two Pst I 1.6 kb ( ori ) fragments in cis . This suggests that some DNA structural feature prevents the stable maintenance of plasmids containing two ori fragments. NR1 plasmid derivatives have been isolated which are Inc − Cop − owing to a deletion or to an insertion of a Tn element outside of the replication genes. This suggests that plasmid regions adjacent to the replication genes may affect copy number and incom-patibility, perhaps owing to transcriptional read-through from the external region. Although recom-binant mi niplasmids derived from NR1 are capable of autonomous replication, these plasmids are not stably inherited unless they also harbor a stability (stb) function which is located in a region of NR1 distal from the replication genes, stb confers stability only jn cis, suggesting that it plays a structural role in plasmid inheritance, rather than providing a diffusible gene product, stb may function in the partitioning of plasmid molecules to daughter cells at cellular division. The r-determi-nants component of incFII R plasmid NR84 has been shown to be able to replicate autonomously when Proteus mirabilis cells harboring NR84 are cultured in high concentrations of ampicillin in order to ob-tain R plasmid drug resistance gene amplification.
Locally Recoverable Codes From Planar Graphs

In this paper we apply Kadhe and Calderbank's definition of LRCs from convex polyhedra and planar graphs [4] to analyze the codes resulting from 3-connected regular and almost regular planar graphs. The resulting edge codes are locally recoverable with availability two. We prove that the minimum distance of planar graph LRCs is equal to the girth of the graph, and we also establish a new bound on the rate of planar graph edge codes. Constructions of regular and almost regular planar graphs are given, and their associated code parameters are determined. In certain cases, the code families meet the rate bound.
Is there a place for inhaled nitric oxide in the therapy of acute pulmonary embolism

Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is a serious complication resulting from the migration of emboli to the lungs. Although deep venous thrombi are the most common source of emboli to the lungs, other important sources include air, amniotic fluid, fat and bone marrow. Regardless of the specific source of the emboli, very little progress has been made in the pharmacological management of this high mortality condition. Because the prognosis is linked to the degree of elevation of pulmonary vascular resistance, any therapeutic intervention to improve the hemodynamics would probably increase the low survival rate of this critical condition. Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) has been widely tested and used in cases of pulmonary hypertension of different causes. In the last few years some authors have described beneficial effects of iNO in animal models of acute PE and in anecdotal cases of massive PE. The primary cause of death in massive PE that is caused by deep venous thrombi, gas or amniotic fluid, is acute right heart failure and circulatory shock. Increased pulmonary vascular resistance following acute PE is the cumulative result of mechanical obstruction of pulmonary vessels and pulmonary arteriolar constriction (attributable to a neurogenic reflex and to the release of vasoconstrictors). As such, the vasodilator effects of iNO could actively oppose the pulmonary hypertension following PE. This hypothesis is consistently supported by experimental studies in different animal models of PE, which demonstrated that iNO decreased (by 10 to 20%) the pulmonary artery pressure without improving pulmonary gas exchange. Although maximal vasodilatory effects are probably achieved by less than 5 parts per million iNO, which is a relatively low concentration, no dose-response study has been published so far. In addition to the animal studies, a few anecdotal reports in the literature suggest that iNO may improve the hemodynamics during acute PE. However, no prospective, controlled, randomized clinical trial addressing this issue has been conducted to date. Future investigations addressing the effects of iNO combined with other drugs such as vasoconstrictors and inhibitors of phosphodiesterase III or V, may increase the responsiveness to iNO in acute PE.
Perioperative outcomes of reconstructive surgery for apical prolapse in the very elderly: a national contemporary analysis

It is predicted that the number of women aged 80 years or older will more than triple by 2050. In the US, women have a 13% lifetime risk of undergoing pelvic organ prolapse surgery. Our aim was to compare the perioperative outcomes following various reconstructive approaches for apical prolapse surgery in the very elderly. The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was used to identify women age ≥ 80 years of age who underwent reconstructive apical prolapse surgery from 2010 to 2017. Perioperative morbidity of vaginal colpopexy, minimally invasive sacrocolpopexy (MISC) and abdominal sacrocolpopexy (ASC) were compared. The primary outcome was the rate of composite serious complications. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of serious complications. A total of 1012 patients were identified: vaginal (n = 792), MISC (n = 151) and ASC (n = 69). The composite serious complication rate was higher in the ASC group compared to vaginal/MISC groups (18.8% vs. 9.3% and 9.3%, p 85 years (aOR 1.98), operative time > 3 h (aOR 2.02), baseline dyspnea (aOR 2.17), “other race” (aOR 2.04), preoperative coagulopathy (aOR 2.92) and ASA (aOR 1.47) were associated with composite serious complications. ASC is associated with higher perioperative morbidity in the very elderly population. MISC and vaginal colpopexy have similar rates of composite serious complications; however, vaginal colpopexy is overall the safest approach in this population.
Convergent evolution of optic lobe neuropil in Pancrustacea.

Abstract A prevailing opinion since 1926 has been that optic lobe organization in malacostracan crustaceans and insects reflects a corresponding organization in their common ancestor. Support for this refers to malacostracans and insects both possessing three, in some instances four, nested retinotopic neuropils beneath their compound eyes. Historically, the rationale for claiming homology of malacostracan and insect optic lobes referred to those commonalities, and to comparable arrangements of neurons. However, recent molecular phylogenetics has firmly established that Malacostraca belong to Multicrustacea, whereas Hexapoda and its related taxa Cephalocarida, Branchiopoda, and Remipedia belong to the phyletically distinct clade Allotriocarida. Insects are more closely related to remipedes than are either to malacostracans. Reconciling neuroanatomy with molecular phylogenies has been complicated by studies showing that the midbrains of remipedes share many attributes with the midbrains of malacostracans. Here we review the organization of the optic lobes in Malacostraca and Insecta to inquire which of their characters correspond genealogically across Pancrustacea and which characters do not. We demonstrate that neuroanatomical characters pertaining to the third optic lobe neuropil, called the lobula complex, may indicate convergent evolution. Distinctions of the malacostracan and insect lobula complexes are sufficient to align neuroanatomical descriptions of the pancrustacean optic lobes within the constraints of molecular-based phylogenies.
Creando Comunidad: Experiences of Latina Faculty and Staff Mentors at a Hispanic-Serving Institution

Guided by Chicana Feminist Epistemology, the authors of this study discuss the experiences of 16 Latina faculty and staff who served as mentors in a Latina undergraduate mentoring program at a rese...
Trade Agreement Cats and the Digital Technology Mouse

In the past three decades, the copyright industries and their supportive governments have aggressively pushed for introducing high intellectual property standards into trade agreements. This book chapter examines the uneasy case of using these agreements to provide copyright protection in the digital environment. It begins by discussing two widely discussed multilateral solutions: the TRIPS Agreement and the 1996 WIPO Internet Treaties. The chapter then explores the industries' increasing push for solutions outside multilateral fora. Non-multilateral solutions that have been advanced thus far range from the establishment of bilateral or regional trade agreements to the recent negotiation of plurilateral 'country club' agreements, including the Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA) and the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP). This chapter concludes by identifying eight issues that domestic policymakers and international negotiators should seriously consider.
Voyages in the Verbal Universe: The Role of Speculation in Darwinian Literary Criticism

By the end of the eighteenth century, the achievements of the Enlightenment had led to a perception that science and the literary arts were competing modes of endeavor, and a moment's reflection shows us that this sense of disciplinary competition dies hard. Indeed, one of the chief occupations of literary studies today is in still sorting out the relationship between itself and other disciplines. It is not that earlier eras were blissfully void of feelings of interdisciplinary rivalry for two thousand years, literary critics from Aristotle to the Renaissance humanist Sir Philip Sidney had pitted literature against such humanistic disciplines as philosophy and history, claiming that these fields are, respectively, too abstract and too tied to facts to provide the moral and spiritual enlightenment available through literature but that the threat to literature now emanated from a different sphere (Aristotle 32-33; Sidney 105-07). So it is that, at the turn of the nineteenth century, Wordsworth echoes Sidney's remarks on philosophy, but his target is now science: scientific knowledge is difficult and learned, whereas poetic knowledge is coterminus with our own existence. Later English romantic and Victorian poet-critics, also opposing poetry to science, followed Wordsworth in asserting the emotional and consequently moral effectiveness of literature. Thus, some two decades after Wordsworth penned the Preface to the Lyrical Ballads, Shelley insists that, in contrast to scientifically conceived moral systems ("ethical science," in Shelley's phrase), poetry activates the imagination and, in so doing, facilitates sympathetic responsiveness to others (487-88). And again, toward the end of the century, attuned to the intellectual trends of his time and influenced deeply by Wordsworth, Matthew Arnold claims that feeling is linked to conduct and that literature, which addresses our feelings, is therefore necessary in promoting our impulse toward moral behavior. In short, the competition between science and literature is no doubt a phenomenon of the past several hundred years; nonetheless, it is worth remembering that literary study has always defended itself against and defined itself in relation to some other discipline, whose threat may be accordingly actual or illusory. If, then, a marked pattern of nineteenth-century literary criticism was to elevate literature above science in the process of defending its viability, a contrary tendency to assimilate scientific and pseudo-scientific research and models to literary studies emerged simultaneously toward the end of that century, and es-
Identification of mother-child interaction patterns:: A longitudinal evaluation of early age intervention effects on early adolescents

Abstract Evidence is offered that meaningful patterns of mother-child interaction could be detected in families more than 10 years after a family-centered, early age, preventive intervention. The interactions of mother-child dyads in a situational test during the child's early adolescence were examined for three experimental conditions: a lower socioeconomic experimental group that participated in the intervention for approximately 2 years, an untreated lower socioeconomic, and an untreated upper middle socioeconomic control group. Factor analyses of family interaction measures revealed three factors, which were called Democratic-Participatory Interaction, Mixed Dominance Interaction, and Mother Controlled Interaction. Separate ANOVAS based on factor scores were performed for each factor. Both the intervention group and the middle socioeconomic comparison group were significantly higher than in the lower socioeconomic comparison group in the first factor.
Screening new plant introductions for potential invasiveness: a test of impacts for the United States.

The economic, health, and environmental costs of invasive plant species suggest the need for screening systems to reduce the probability of importing new harmful invaders. We assessed 105 plant species introduced to the United States since 1995 using the Australian Weed Risk Assessment system and a secondary screen to evaluate the proportion of species that would have been prohibited from import were such a screening system implemented. These tools are likely to result in correct decisions to accept or reject species of unknown invasive potential over 80% of the time. The species tested spanned temperate and tropical locations of origin and represented all vascular plant life forms with the exception of aquatic plants. We had insufficient data to complete assessment of 4% of the species. None of the remaining 101 species were predicted to become invasive: 88% were predicted to be noninvasive and 12% required further evaluation. On average, we required 8 hours to assess each species. These results, in combination with the savings incurred when likely invaders are identified and prohibited prior to import, suggest that this screening system could be implemented to protect the economy and environment and would be unlikely to significantly preclude opportunities for the horticultural industry.
Case-Based Planning to Learn

Learning can be viewed as a problem of planning a series of modifications to memory. We adopt this view of learning and propose the applicability of the case-based planning methodology to the task of planning to learn. We argue that relatively simple, fine-grained primitive inferential operators are needed to support flexible planning. We show that it is possible to obtain the benefits of case-based reasoning within a planning to learn framework.
Lipid metabolism in abetalipoproteinemia: A study of cholesterol absorption and sterol balance in two patients

Abstract The concept that an absence of apoprotein B in plasma may result in increased cholesterol biosynthesis was investigated by sterol balance techniques in 2 male patients with abetalipoproteinemia, one an adult, the other a child. Total body synthesis of cholesterol in both the adult patient (19.3 ± 3.8 mg/kg/ day vs. 10.8 ± 0,9 mg/kg/day in controls) and the child with abetalipoproteinemia (34.9 mg/kg/day vs. 14.5 ± 3.8 mg/kg/day in control children) was significantly higher than in controls whereas bile acid synthesis was similar in both groups. Absorption of orally administered [1,2- 3 H]cholesterol was lower in the abetalipoproteinemic subjects than the controls and subsequent labeling of plasma cholesterol in the former patients was minimal (
Annexin V Binds to Positively Selected B Cells

Recombinant annexin V (rAnV) has been used in flow cytometry to identify cells undergoing apoptosis, based on its ability to bind to phosphatidylserine, a negatively charged lipid normally restricted to the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane but externalized early during apoptosis. When we stained murine bone marrow (BM) cells with fluorescently labeled rAnV, we found that a surprisingly large fraction of BM B cells bearing selectable transgenic Ag receptors bind significant amounts of rAnV, but that these cells are not apoptotic. Here, we show that binding of rAnV to developing B cells in normal mice correlates with B cell receptor-dependent selection events at several stages of development within both B-1 and B-2 cell subsets. In fact, nearly all B-1 B cells and splenic marginal zone B cells bind rAnV, suggesting that the externalization of phosphatidylserine occurs once mature B cells are selected through BCR-mediated signaling. However, this plasma membrane alteration is apparently not shared by all lymphocytes, because we did not find a parallel population of rAnV-binding viable T cells in vivo in normal or TCR transgenic mice. We also show that BM stromal cell lines can influence the extent of rAnV binding by viable BM B cells during coculture in vitro. We suggest that rAnV detects a potentially important membrane alteration that occurs as B cells develop in the BM and are readied for export to the peripheral lymphoid organs and again among mature B cells recruited to the marginal zone or the B-1 compartment.
Embeddings of some classical Banach spaces into modulation spaces

We give sufficient conditions for a tempered distribution to belong to certain modulation spaces by showing embeddings of some Besov-Triebel-Lizorkin spaces into modulation spaces. As a consequence we have a new proof that the Holder-Lipschitz space C s (R d ) embeds into the modulation space M∞ ,1 (R d ) when s > d. This embedding plays an important role in interpreting recent modulation space approaches to pseudodifferential operators.
The Role of Clinical Judgments of Modifiabilityin the Diagnosis of Language Impairment

The primary objective of this study was to closely examine the notion of child modifiability in response to scripted mediated learning experience (MLE) sessions that targeted narrative abilities. Forty children (25 with normal language ability and 15 with language impairment) participated in the study. Clinicians who were blinded to child language ability made judgements of children's social-emotional behaviour, cognitive arousal, and cognitive elaboration at the conclusion of each of two MLE sessions. Results indicate that children with and without language impairment performed differently across the four domains that were observed. The strongest predictors of language ability were cognitive arousal and cognitive elaboration. Within these two domains, a composite score of flexibility and metacognition accurately classified children into impaired and non-impaired groups with 93% accuracy. A follow-up case study examining clinician-child discourse examined clinician questions and child response to question...
Gender-Related traits and helping in a nonemergency situation

In prior research, mostly on helping in emergeicies, individuals' scores on expressivity (or femininity) generally have been unrelated to helping, whereas instrumentality (or masculinity) scores frequently have been significantly related to assisting. In two studies, we examined the relation of expressivity and instrumentality to willingness to help in a nonemergency situation in which the other's need was unambiguous; moreover, we assessed possible mediators of relations. Expressivity was positively related to amount of helping, and this relation appeared mediated by sympathetic responsivity. Masculinity was not significantly related to helping, although it was marginally, negatively related to assisting in one study. The findings are discussed in relation to those in related research.
Logit and Probit: Ordered and Multinomial Models

(2003). Logit and Probit: Ordered and Multinomial Models. Journal of the American Statistical Association: Vol. 98, No. 463, pp. 775-776.
An iterative procedure for nondiscounted discrete‐time markov decisions

This paper considers the problem of computing, by iterative methods, optimal policies for Markov decision processes. The policies computed are optimal for all sufficiently small interest rates.
Trajectories of Classroom Externalizing Behavior: Contributions of Child Characteristics, Family Characteristics, and the Teacher-Child Relationship during the School Transition.

Abstract The unique and interactive contributions of past externalizing behavior, negative parenting, and teacher–child relationship quality to externalizing behavior trajectories after the transition to school were examined. In a sample of 283 children, random regression analyses indicated that conflict in the teacher–child relationship during the school transition contributed to faster rates of increase in externalizing behavior from kindergarten through third grade above and beyond negative parenting and initial levels of externalizing behavior. A significant interaction between teacher–child closeness and the externalizing behavior intercept indicated that decreases in externalizing behavior were associated with teacher–child closeness, especially for children with the highest levels of externalizing behavior upon school entry. Family socioeconomic status and initial levels of classroom externalizing behavior in kindergarten were also significant contributors to the prediction of externalizing behavior trajectories.
Diketoacid-genre HIV-1 integrase inhibitors containing enantiomeric arylamide functionality.

Using our recently disclosed 2,3-dihydro-6,7-dihydroxy-1H-isoindol-1-one and 4,5-dihydroxy-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione integrase inhibitors, we report differential effects on inhibitory potency induced by introduction of an α-chiral center into a key aryl substituent. We show that introduction of the chiral center is uniformly deleterious to binding, with the (R)-enantiomer being more deleterious than the (S)-enantiomer. A greater enantiomeric difference in potency is shown by inhibitors that have restricted rotation of the aryl ring, with the larger difference being due to poorer potency of the (R)-enantiomer rather than higher potency of the (S)-enantiomer. The potency difference for enantiomers based on the isoindoline-1,3-dione ring system is less than for those derived from the isoindol-1-one ring system. Our findings provide useful information that should aid in understanding molecular binding interactions of DKA-derived IN inhibitors.
Experimental Analysis and Computer Simulation of Automotive Bumper System under Impact Conditions

In this paper, an automotive bumper model was used for low-velocity impact tests. During these tests, the reaction forces at the end of shocks and displacements of the joints were measured. After that, a finite element model was created and the impact test was simulated on the computer using ANSYS. The numerical results obtained from the computer simulation were then compared and correlated to the experimental results. Additionally, an analytical calculation of the impact problem was performed and the analytical solutions were also compared to the experimental and the numerical results to further validate the impact tests and computer simulation. Good agreements were obtained through comparing these results and finally, the impact responses of the bumper system under different tests were obtained and verified through the numerical and analytical analyses.
Characterization of Mason-Pfizer virus induced cell transformation in vitro.

Several types of cell strains and established cell lines of simian and human origin failed to demonstrate foci of altered cells following infection with the Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (M-PMV). However, most diploid cultures, after infection, lived longer and displayed the ability to grow in soft agar medium. The number of cell colonies developing in the soft agar was directly proportional to the amount of virus added to the culture. Two types of cell colonies were isolated from soft agar after infection of monkey foreskin cells with M-PMV. One had characteristic fibroblastic morphology, and the other showed an epithelioid cell phenotype. The ratio of fibroblastic colonies to epithelioid colonies was in excess of 20:1. The epithelioid cultures displayed a complete lack of topoinhibition, formed three dimensional cellular dome structures, and demonstrated significant karyotypic alterations. Fibroblastic sublines, on the other hand, did not show formation of domes but presented some lack of topoinhibition. The majority of cells in fibroblastic sublines also continued to show a normal rhesus chromosome complement. Although both epithelioid and fibroblastic transformed cell types produced intracellular M-PMV antigen and virus particles, the infectious virus titers were significantly different. The noninfectious virus preparations recovered from some of the fibroblastic sublines contained a high percentage of aberrant forms of M-PMV.
Non-equilibrium origin of high electrical conductivity in gallium zinc oxide thin films

Non-equilibrium state defines physical properties of materials in many technologies, including architectural, metallic, and semiconducting amorphous glasses. In contrast, crystalline electronic and energy materials, such as transparent conductive oxides (TCO), are conventionally thought to be in equilibrium. Here, we demonstrate that high electrical conductivity of crystalline Ga-doped ZnO TCO thin films occurs by virtue of metastable state of their defects. These results imply that such defect metastability may be important in other functional oxides. This finding emphasizes the need to understand and control non-equilibrium states of materials, in particular, their metastable defects, for the design of novel functional materials.
My Folkloristic History of the Việt Nam War: A Non-communist Experience

Like many families who were on the “wrong” side of the Việt Nam war, my family history has effectively been “displaced” from official discourse in Việt Nam when the country was “reunified” in 1975, as well as in the discourse of public history in the U.S. which has overwhelmingly emphasized the “lessons” of the “American Experience” in Việt Nam. Using my family history as an index of historical processes, I hope to introduce windows on the continuities of what noncommunist Vietnamese do and think. My family folklore is utilized as a way to create opportunities for other non-communist Vietnamese here and elsewhere to connect, articulate, or remind them of a pattern from the past that can provide a contemporary coherence with an ethic workable for the future.