cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Experimental Hemarthrosis on Articular Cartilage of Rabbit Knee Joints

This study defined certain aspects of the effect of repeated hemarthroses on the articular cartilage and synovial tissues of the knee joints of New Zealand white rabbits. Twenty-eight animals received injections twice a day of unclotted homologous blood for up to eight weeks. The animals were killed serially beginning at one day and the synovial membrane and cartilage were resected for histological, histochemical, and biochemical study. The synovial tissues demonstrated the classic changes of inflammation followed by progressive fibrosis, scarring, and deposition of iron. In the cartilage, there was no significant change in the microscopic appearance of the cells or matrix nor was there deposition of iron. The metabolic activity of the cartilage was quantitatively assayed by determinations of the rates of synthesis of ribonucleic acid and protein (as measured by in vitro incorporation of glycine-H3 and cytidine-H3, respectively), and there was essentially no change noted during the eight weeks of the study. It was concluded that repeated hemarthroses over an eight-week period have a profound effect on synovial tissues but little or no effect on the histological, histochemical, or metabolic activity of cartilage. From these data it is speculated that cartilage damage, so common in hemophilia, probably requires more than just the presence of blood, and that hemarthrosis (or hemarthroses) may not be particularly harmful to the articular surfaces of a joint.
Preparation of PIT-Free Hydrogen-Terminated Si(111) in Deoxygenated Ammonium Fluoride

We show by ex-situ STM that pit-free H-Si(111) surfaces can be prepared by immersion of pre-oxidized Si(111) in deoxygenated 40% NH4F for 15 minutes. In contrast, H-Si(111) prepared in air-saturated 40% NH4F for 15 minutes results in small etch pits randomly covering ca. 1% of the surface. Added dioxygen, shorter etching times or stirring of the air-saturated etch solution increase the etch pit density. Dissolved oxygen is responsible for the initiation of etch pits on the (111) monohydride terraces. The reaction between dissolved oxygen and the H-Si bond of the (111) terrace is limited by mass transport of dissolved oxygen to the silicon surface. A proposed reaction mechanism of dissolved oxygen with H-Si is briefly mentioned, which explains not only etch pit initiation in ammonium fluoride but also the oxidation of hydrogenterminated silicon in wet, oxygenated environments. The results presented here for H-Si(111) lead to a greater understanding of the wet oxidation and etching processes of this important model surface.
Transformative learning: empathy and multicultural awareness in podiatric medical education.

BACKGROUND Short-term medical missions are common in medical educational settings and could possibly affect student learning. Little research has been conducted about the potential of these missions on students' transformative learning, in particular as it relates to empathy and multicultural awareness. METHODS Eight podiatric medical students who participated in short-term medical missions in 2008 and 2009 completed an electronic survey to investigate the effect of their experience as it relates to their learning. The empathy and multicultural awareness impact of the mission experience was emphasized. Qualitative questions in the survey were coded, themed, and triangulated with the quantitative responses. RESULTS Six students (75%) "strongly agreed" that participating in the medical mission was a significant positive experience in their podiatric medical training. Six students felt that their experiences in serving these communities increased their personal awareness of multicultural/diversity needs in general. All of the students agreed that they will become better podiatric physicians because of their experiences in the medical missions. The qualitative data also indicate that the experience had an effect on the students' views of health care and increased empathy toward their patients. CONCLUSIONS Short-term medical missions could play a significant role in the transformative learning experience in podiatric medical education. This could affect the empathy and multicultural awareness of podiatric medical students. Further and more extensive evaluations of the potential impact of short-term medical missions in podiatric medical education should be explored because it could influence curriculum and global health in the field of podiatric medicine.
Robust National Flood Frequency Guidelines: What Is an Outlier?

The Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data is finalizing proposed updates to the current national flood frequency guidelines, known as Bulletin 17B. Among the updates is a new multiple Grubbs-Beck test (MGBT) for low outliers. It is a generalization of the Grubbs-Beck (GB) test recommended in Bulletin 17B. Bulletin 17B defines low outliers as unusually small observations “which depart significantly from the trend in the rest of the data.” Such unusually small values might better be labeled as Potentially Influential Low Flows (PILFs). PILFs can have a large influence on estimates of extreme flood quantiles; that is an undesirable situation if flood frequency procedures are to be robust. This paper reports on Monte Carlo analyses of the performance of low-outlier/PILF tests, including the Bulletin 17B GB test and variations of a MGBT. It also considers the accuracy of log-space method-ofmoments flood quantile estimators that use different PILF identification procedures.
The Affordable Care Act and Long-Term Care: Incremental Reform, Is It Enough?

The population is aging, increasing the number of people who need to access long term services and supports (LTSS). And yet, the political conversation avoids this looming reality, which poses a daunting challenge to our healthcare system. The purpose of this analysis is to evaluate the sufficiency of the LTSS provisions contained within the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA). Most importantly, the ACA introduced the ambitious but fatally flawed Community Living Assistance Services and Supports (CLASS) Act, a federally-administered voluntary long-term care insurance program that was recently repealed by Congress. Beyond CLASS the ACA’s LTSS changes represent but marginal advances over the status quo. Thus, we see a continuation of existing strategies for improving LTSS, rather than the fundamental change so badly needed. Moreover, the impact of the ACA’s strategies varies with the extent to which the federal and state governments opt to invest in them, through funding, implementing, and enforcing the modest changes enacted. The ACA has been criticized for being too radical. With respect to LTSS, however, its provisions, while welcome, are unlikely to result in the major changes necessary to meet both current and future demand. Thus policy making in long-term care continues along an incremental trajectory, a pace of change that pales in comparison to the substantial challenges facing the nation.
Correlation among eating qualities and physico-chemical qualities of rice in Anhui Province

Properties of 54 elite rice varieties in Anhui were tested by the MOA standard,to study the correlation among the rice physico-chemical qualities and eating qualities(EQ).The result of canonical correlation indicated that,correlation coefficients between 4 physico-chemical indices,i.e.amylase content(AC),gel consistency(GC),gelatinization temperature(GT),protein content(PC)),and constitution factors of EQ were significant in indica rice,the constituted linear combination contained 80.8% information of the original variable.In japonica rice,the correlation coefficients between length/width ratio(L/W),chalkiness(C),transparence(T),GC,AC,PC and the constitution factors of EQ were significant;the constituted linear combination contained 76.3% information of the original variable.Japonica rice with transparent appearance was tasty and flexibility with cold rice,but the influence about the shape of grain and GT should be considered,if L/W was oversize or GT was excessively higher,it will can debase rice taste.And the regression equation was obtained by backward analysis estimation among EQ and rice quality characters.
Gene localization by linkage analysis.

Traditional genetic approaches have led to the identification of defects underlying an impressive array of diseases. Genetic terminology, Mendel’s laws, chromosomes and linkage, statistical methods for linkage analysis, genetic markers, multilocus mapping, strategies in linkage studies, linkage heterogeneity, and the future of linkage analysis are discussed in this article. The molecular basis for most disorders, however, cannot be gleaned because there is no identifiable primary metabolic disorder.
Availability and Accessibility of Contraception: A Worldwide Public Health Problem

It is a great honor and indeed a privilege to be present at this symposium in memory of one of the stalwarts of international health, Dr. Christopher Tietze. I cannot say that I had the privilege to know Chris Tietze well. Of the three great pioneers in those days, I mention Alan Guttmacher, Bernard Berelson, and Christopher Tietze. I happen to have known Guttmacher and Berelson a little better than I knew Chris. Happily though, by chance I spent a week at the same conference with him in Rehovot, Israel; and on one occasion we had a delightful luncheon chat ranging over many issues. I was profoundly impressed by his dedication to family planning.
Phase separation of full-Heusler nanostructures in half-Heusler thermoelectrics and vibrational properties from first-principles calculations

Previous studies have indicated that the figure of merit ($\mathit{ZT}$) of half-Heusler (HH) alloys with composition $M\mathrm{NiSn}$ ($M\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{Ti}$, Zr, or Hf) is greatly enhanced when the alloys contain a nano-scale full-Heusler (FH) $\mathrm{MN}{\mathrm{i}}_{2}\mathrm{Sn}$ second phase. However, the formation mechanism of the FHnanostructures in the HH matrix and their vibrational properties are still not well understood. We report on first-principles studies of thermodynamic phase equilibria in the MNiSn-$\mathrm{MN}{\mathrm{i}}_{2}\mathrm{Sn}$ pseudobinary system as well as HH and FH vibrational properties. Thermodynamic phase diagrams as functions of temperature and Ni concentration were developed using density functional theory (DFT) combined with a cluster expansion and Monte Carlo simulations. The phase diagrams show very low excess Ni solubility in HH alloys even at high temperatures, which indicates that any Ni excess will decompose into a two-phase mixture of HH and FH compounds. Vibrational properties of HH and FH alloys are compared. Imaginary vibrational modes in the calculated phonon dispersion diagram of $\mathrm{TiN}{\mathrm{i}}_{2}\mathrm{Sn}$ indicate a dynamical instability with respect to cubic [001] transverse acoustic modulations. Displacing atoms along unstable vibrational modes in cubic $\mathrm{TiN}{\mathrm{i}}_{2}\mathrm{Sn}$ reveals lower-energy structures with monoclinic symmetry. The energy of the monoclinic structures is found to depend strongly on the lattice parameter. The origin of the instability in cubic $\mathrm{TiN}{\mathrm{i}}_{2}\mathrm{Sn}$ and its absence in cubic $\mathrm{ZrN}{\mathrm{i}}_{2}\mathrm{Sn}$ and $\mathrm{HfN}{\mathrm{i}}_{2}\mathrm{Sn}$ is attributed to the small size of the Ti $3d$ shells compared to those of Zr and Hf atoms. Lattice constants and heat capacities calculated by DFT agree well with experiment.
Set-Theoretic Measures as Evolutionary Fitness Criteria in Nonlinear System Identification

Abstract The paper reports a method for identification of parametric models that are linear and time-invariant in parameters, but arbitrarily nonlinear in signals. Set-bounding solutions are exploited to simultaneously identify and parametrize the model structure. Measures of set-solution quality are used as fitness measures in evolving the structure. Experiments verify effective NARX and NARMAX identification in complex unmodeled disturbances.
Clinical Presentation and Therapy of Coronary Artery Anomalies

A patient with anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery may present with signs and symptoms of myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure in infancy (or the condition may be detected serendipitously in adulthood or at autopsy). Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the right sinus of Valsalva is a rare but important malformation because it is associated with a significant risk of sudden death. It is unclear whether or not anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the left sinus of Valsalva is associated with sudden death. Thus, the indications for operative repair of this lesion are less clear than when the left coronary artery arises anomalously from the right sinus of Valsalva.
Neonatal Hypoxia Results in Peripheral Nerve Abnormalities.

Although the adverse effects of neonatal hypoxia associated with premature birth on the central nervous system are well known, the contribution of hypoxic damage to the peripheral nervous system (PNS) has not been addressed. We demonstrate that neonatal hypoxia results in hypomyelination and delayed axonal sorting in mice leading to electrophysiological and motor deficits that persist into adulthood. These findings support a potential role for PNS hypoxic damage in the motor impairment that results from premature birth and suggest that therapies designed to protect the PNS may provide clinical benefit.
PICs in motoneurons do not scale with the size of the animal: a possible mechanism for faster speed of muscle contraction in smaller species

The small size of the mouse warrants concern over whether the properties of their neurons are a scaled version of those in larger animals or instead have unique features. Comparison of spinal moton...
Cellular transplantation and gene therapy.

Transplant Institute and Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Health Science Center,Pittsburgh, PennsylvaniaThe first recipient of a cell transplant (blood transfusion) could have been Pope Innocent VIIIin 1492, the donors being three youths. Donors and recipient died and no record of the procedurewas left by the prescribing physician who disappeared under mysterious circumstances (1).Almost two centuries later the term "cell" was coined by Hooke ( 1) who described "little boxesor cells distinct from one another" in a piece of cork examined at the microscope.Pioneers in the early work on tissue culture and transplantation were Zahn (1878), Arnold(1887) (3), Williams (1893) (4), Born (1896), Harrison (1905) (3) and Carrel (1910) (5), butthe real milestone in cell transplant history has been the introduction of protealitic enzymaticdigestion to dissociate cells from tissue and organs. Rous and Jones first introduced trypsin toseparate growing cells from tissue included in a plasma clot ( 6), but fear of damaging the cellsby the enzymatic treatment ( 7) delayed the diffusion of the technique. The subsequent isolationof collagenase from Clostridium welchii in 1946 ( 8) opened the way to the modern technologyof cell separation and transplantation.Cellular transplant models share problems, advantages, and research targets.
Narrating the Ghetto, Narrating Europe: From Berlin, Kreuzberg to the Banlieues of Paris

This paper argues that questions of integration and containment were crucial to define the (West) German and European ghetto at two historical moments: The early 1970s, when the West German state implemented new policies to stop the ‘guest-worker’ programs of the 1950s and 1960s, and the year 2005, when German media reacted in a panic to the riots in the Paris banlieues. An intersectional analysis of media discourses of the ghetto explores the continuities and shifts, as well as the contradictions in these narratives of exclusion. In the twenty-first century the contested discussions about ghettos as racialised and sexualised spaces are an important part of a new formation of European narratives. Counter-narratives reveal the many ghettos of Europe and challenge notions of integration and containment.
Use of model-based design to teach embedded systems programming

As embedded systems become increasingly complex, there is a great need to equip engineering students with the knowledge of advanced embedded software development techniques so as to improve their efficiency in software development and programming. This paper presents our experiences of introducing the model-based design (MBD) methodology to two computer engineering related undergraduate courses: Programming Tools and Real-time Embedded Systems. MBD is an emerging design methodology whose effectiveness and efficiency have been demonstrated in the development of embedded software systems in industry. Matlab/Simulink from MathWorks supports the MBD and has become the predominant software modeling language in many safety-critical embedded applications. The novelty of this teaching effort is incorporating two on-going research projects on the MBD with the Matlab/Simulink into education. The synergistic benefits of integrating research with teaching have been explored in two different manners. Our experiences demonstrate that the integration of research results with educational practices is efficient to improve the effectiveness of teaching programming and software development to engineering students, and promote undergraduates to participate in research projects as well.
Recommendations for reporting post-transplant relapse in AML.

Relapse continues to be the primary cause of death after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) in patients with AML. Our current sophisticated molecular and genomic techniques have enabled us to deeply explore the clearance, persistence and reappearance of leukemia at various levels ranging from individual mutations to morphologically apparent blasts.1 With the growing trends in national and international database research, it is of paramount importance to have clear definitions and a uniform consensus in reporting relapse. Without these in place, large-scale database research would not be fully reliable. The goal of this brief piece is to provide specific recommendations on how to report post-HCT relapse in AML. The post-HCT setting is unique because patients are typically monitored more closely and undergo more testing (routinely or to rule out relapse), thus generating a wider array of data potentially relevant to relapse. In addition, interventions such as withdrawal of immunosuppression and donor lymphocyte infusion are specific to HCT. It is critical to have definitions of relapse post HCT tailored for unique characteristics of HCT. We propose the following categories to clarify the definitions of relapse post HCT (Table 1).
Synthesis and reactivity of a 4His enzyme model complex.

A new iron(II) complex has been prepared and characterized. [Fe(TrIm)4(OTf)2] (1, TrIm = 1-Tritylimidazole). The solid state structure of 1 has been determined by X-ray crystallography. Compound 1 crystallizes in triclinic space group P1, with a = 13.342(7) A, b = 13.5131(7) A and c = 13.7025(7) A. The iron center resides in distorted octahedral geometry coordinated to four equatorial imidazole groups and two axial triflate oxygens groups. The complex is high spin between 20 K and 300 K as indicated by variable field variable temperature magnetic measurements. A fit of the magnetic data yielded g = 2.24 and D = -0.80 cm-1. A large HOMO-LUMO gap energy (3.89 eV) exists for 1 indicating high stability. Addition of H2O2 or t BuOOH to 1 results in formation of an oxygenated intermediate which upon decomposition results in oxidation of the trityl substituent on the imidazole ligand.
Relationship between contact angle and contact line radius for micro to atto [10− 6 to 10− 18] liter size oil droplets

Abstract Contact angles of liquids on surfaces characterize wettability and have been studied extensively, especially for sessile droplets on flat surfaces. Continuum models that incorporate the contact line energy into Young's equation predict a linear dependence between the cosine of the contact angle and the inverse line radius. Experimental evidence for non-volatile nanodroplets suggests a non-linear relationship. At these dimensions (femto and atto liter sized droplets), experimental evidence suggests a flattening of the curve which can be explained by the addition of internal Laplace pressures. This, in turn, indicates that the contact angle for ultra small droplets is less than that measured for macro droplets.
Structural mechanisms of CFTR function and dysfunction

Cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channel plays a critical role in regulating transepithelial movement of water and electrolyte in exocrine tissues. Malfunction of the channel because of mutations of the cftr gene results in CF, the most prevalent lethal genetic disease among Caucasians. Recently, the publication of atomic structures of CFTR in two distinct conformations provides, for the first time, a clear overview of the protein. However, given the highly dynamic nature of the interactions among CFTR’s various domains, better understanding of the functional significance of these structures requires an integration of these new structural insights with previously established biochemical/biophysical studies, which is the goal of this review.
A patchwork epistemology of disagreement

The epistemology of disagreement standardly divides conciliationist views from steadfast views. But both sorts of views are subject to counterexample—indeed, both sorts of views are subject to the same counterexample. After presenting this counterexample, I explore how the epistemology of disagreement should be reconceptualized in light of it.
Four versus six cycles of docetaxel and cyclophosphamide (TC) in early stage hormone positive breast cancer.

e12576Background: TC is a regimen commonly used in early stage breast cancer. However, no specific recommendations exist in literature, regarding the number of cycles that can be used. i.e. TC4 vs ...
Hybrid forward-selection method-based water-quality estimation via combining Landsat TM, ETM+, and OLI/TIRS images and ancillary environmental data

A simple approach to enable water-management agencies employing free data to create a single set of water quality predictive equations with satisfactory accuracy is proposed. Multiple regression-derived equations based on surface reflectance, band ratios, and environmental factors as predictor variables for concentrations of Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and Total Nitrogen (TN) were derived using a hybrid forward-selection method that considers both p-value and Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) in the forward-selection process. Landsat TM, ETM+, and OLI/TIRS images were jointly utilized with environmental factors, such as wind speed and water surface temperature, to derive the single set of equations. Through splitting data into calibration and validation groups, the coefficients of determination are 0.73 for TSS calibration and 0.70 for TSS validation, respectively. The coefficients of determination for TN calibration and validation are 0.64 and 0.37, respectively. Among all chosen predictor variables, ratio of reflectance of visible red (Band 3 for Landsat TM and ETM+, or Band 4 for Landsat OLI/TIRS) to visible blue (Band 1 for Landsat TM and ETM+, or Band 2 for Landsat OLI/TIRS) has a strong influence on the predictive power for TSS retrieval. Environmental factors including wind speed, remote sensing-derived water surface temperature, and time difference (in days) between the image acquisition and water sampling were found to be important in water-quality quantity estimation. The hybrid forward-selection method consistently yielded higher validation accuracy than that of the conventional forward-selection approach.
Helping developers with privacy (Invited Keynote)

The widespread adoption of smartphones and social media make it possible to collect sensitive data about people at a scale and fidelity never before possible. While this data can be used to offer richer user experiences, this same data also poses new kinds of privacy challenges for organizations and developers. However, developers often have little or no knowledge about how to design and implement for privacy. In this talk, I discuss our team's research on helping developers with privacy. I will present some results of interviews and surveys with developers, as well as different tools we have developed. A key theme guiding our work is looking for ways of making developers' lives easier, while making privacy a positive side effect.
Cross-foster rederivation compared with antibiotic administration in the drinking water to eradicate bordetella pseudohinzii

Bordetella pseudohinzii is a microbial agent of potential importance in mice and has confounded pulmonary research at our institution. The purpose of this study was to evaluate cross-foster rederivation and antibiotic administration in the drinking water as methods to eradicate B. pseudohinzii. To evaluate the efficacy of cross-foster rederivation, 29 litters representing 16 strains of mice were cross-fostered from cages positive for B. pseudohinzii to B. pseudohinzii-negative Crl:CD1-Elite surrogate dams. To evaluate antibiotic administration, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim (TMS; 0.66 and 0.13 mg/mL, respectively) and tetracycline (4.5 mg/mL) were administered in the drinking water. We assessed 3 antibiotic treatment groups with 12 B. pseudohinzii-positive cages per group (6 cages of CD1 and 6 cages of C57BL/6 mice): TMS for 4 wk, TMS for 6 wk, and tetracycline for 6 wk. Of the 29 litters that underwent cross-foster rederivation, 24 were negative for B. pseudohinzii. Five of the 12 cages treated with TMS for 4 wk and 1 of the 12 cages treated with TMS for 6 wk were negative for B. pseudohinzii at 2 wk after treatment. Three of the 12 cages treated with tetracycline were negative for B. pseudohinzii at 2 wk after treatment. Pearson χ2 analysis revealed significant association between the method of eradication (cross-foster rederivation compared with antibiotic administration) and B. pseudohinzii infection, and an odds-ratio estimate from a logistic regression demonstrated that cross-foster rederivation was more successful. Whereas antibiotic administration in the drinking water failed to eradicate B. pseudohinzii, cross-foster rederivation was successful and has been used to establish a B. pseudohinzii-negative barrier.
A Research Program Testing the Effectiveness of a Preventive Intervention for Couples with a Newborn

Noxious family environments are associated with a wide range of adverse child outcomes. In order to prevent couple and parent-child relationship problems, a number of programs have been developed for couples with newborns. The current paper describes a program of research evaluating the American version of couple CARE for parents of newborns. This version of CCP was administered to low-income, unmarried couples with a new baby in an uncontrolled demonstration project (Study 1), compared with a waitlist control condition in a randomized controlled trial (Study 2), and evaluated with low-income parents recruited from urban hospitals in two major metropolitan areas of the United States (Study 3 and Study 4). Despite participant satisfaction with CCP, preventive effects of the program were limited and there was one potential iatrogenic effect. Results were likely impacted by major challenges with recruiting participants and maintaining their engagement in CCP for the duration of the program. We discuss methodological differences between this series of studies and previous trials of prevention programs and make recommendations for improving service delivery to at-risk new parents. These results have implications for public policies that aim to benefit children and families.
Zinc Signaling in the Life and Death of Neurons

ZnT3 (SLC30a3), a zinc transporter, packages zinc into glutamatergic synaptic vesicles, imparting the metal with potential neurotransmitter-like properties. In fact, zinc is released from nerve terminals in an activity-dependent fashion and interacts with neurotransmitter receptors, influencing their function. This is most notably the case for the NMDA receptor, where synaptically released zinc can effectively regulate ion channel function. Critically, synaptically released zinc also directly activates a receptor (mZnR/GPR39) whose primary ligand is the metal itself, regulating neuronal excitation. In essence, then, zinc is a neurotransmitter. Zinc is also, in and of itself, a critical and ubiquitous second messenger. Intracellular zinc in neurons can be liberated from metal-binding proteins, such as metallothionein, via redox-regulated processes. The liberated zinc, in turn, can activate both pro-survival and pro-cell death signaling cascades, the latter of which are associated with the injury-mediated enhancement of functional Kv2.1 potassium channels in the cell membrane, leading to the cell death-promoting loss of cytoplasmic potassium. It is thus not altogether surprising that cellular zinc is tightly regulated through the presence of metal-binding proteins and multiple zinc transporters, many of which are covered in detail elsewhere in this book. This rich array of zinc signaling processes in neurons clearly point to the many vital and critical roles the metal plays in brain function and dysfunction.
Tracings of Trauma: Engaging Learners and Challenging Veteran Stigma through Collaborative Research-Based Theater.

Military veterans are stereotyped in the media as either broken human beings or invincible heroes, often creating implicit bias and affecting medical providers’ ability to establish trusting relationships. Interactive learning methods can challenge stigma and create empathic connections with veterans in a manner that conveys sensitivity. Community-engaged theater has been successfully used in health education to transfer knowledge on both emotional and cognitive levels. This article reports on a research-based theater intervention, Tracings of Trauma, co-designed by veterans and aimed at orienting medical/allied health students to the unique experiences of combat veterans. Early-stage assessment demonstrated statistically significant improvement in students’ self-perceived awareness of stigma, ability to talk to veterans, and empathize with veterans’ varying experiences. Implications suggest interactive, performance driven dissemination can be a strategy to deepen learning experiences of stigmatized groups who experience trauma. Evaluating long-term impact on practice will be critical in linking this intervention to clinical outcomes.
Control of endothelial tubulogenesis by Rab and Ral GTPases, and apical targeting of caveolin-1-labeled vacuoles

Here, we examine known GTPase regulators of vesicle trafficking events to assess whether they affect endothelial cell (EC) lumen and tube formation. We identify novel roles for the small GTPases Rab3A, Rab3B, Rab8A, Rab11A, Rab27A, RalA, RalB and caveolin-1 in co-regulating membrane trafficking events that control EC lumen and tube formation. siRNA suppression of individual GTPases such as Rab3A, Rab8A, and RalB markedly inhibit tubulogenesis, while greater blockade is observed with combinations of siRNAs such as Rab3A and Rab3B, Rab8A and Rab11A, and RalA and RalB. These combinations of siRNAs also disrupt very early events in lumen formation including the formation of intracellular vacuoles. In contrast, knockdown of the endocytosis regulator, Rab5A, fails to inhibit EC tube formation. Confocal microscopy and real-time videos reveal that caveolin-1 strongly labels intracellular vacuoles and localizes to the EC apical surface as they fuse to form the luminal membrane. In contrast, Cdc42 and Rab11A localize to a perinuclear, subapical region where intracellular vacuoles accumulate and fuse during lumen formation. Our new data demonstrates that EC tubulogenesis is coordinated by a series of small GTPases to control polarized membrane trafficking events to generate, deliver, and fuse caveolin-1-labeled vacuoles to create the apical membrane surface.
Curiosity Mars methane measurements are not confused by ozone

In the detection of methane in the atmosphere of Mars by the Tunable Laser Spectrometer on the Sample Analysis at Mars (TLS-SAM) on the Curiosity rover, the possibility of confusing ozone lines with those of methane is ruled out by the ultrahigh spectral resolution of the instrument. Even at the low background levels of methane (∼0.5 ppbv) detected by ingesting the atmosphere over a CO2 scrubber (Linde 13X) that enriches the methane abundance relative to CO2 by 25 times, the recorded TLS spectra show no presence of, and therefore no interference by, ozone lines. If O3 lines were to appear in the TLS spectra, they would be readily distinguishable from those of CH4 . The inability of TLS-SAM to detect ozone spectral lines above its noise levels is consistent with a report that O3 decomposes in the presence of Linde 13X material, so that it would not arrive at the TLS sample cell in a significant quantity. With the exact enrichment factor for ozone undetermined, TLS-SAM is unable to produce meaningful upper limits to the atmospheric ozone abundance.
Dynamic perineuronal net expression during learned maternal behavior is cortical hemisphere-specific and dependent on methyl-CpG-binding protein 2

Cortical neuronal circuits along the sensorimotor pathways are shaped by experience during critical periods of heightened plasticity in early postnatal development. After closure of critical periods, measured histologically by the formation and maintenance of extracellular matrix structures called perineuronal nets (PNN), the adult mouse brain exhibits restricted plasticity and maturity. Mature PNN are typically considered to be stable structures that restrict synaptic plasticity on cortical parvalbumin+ GABAergic neurons. However, changes in environment, such as novel behavioral training or social contexts such as motherhood, elicit synaptic plasticity in relevant neural circuitry. Currently, it is unclear if extracellular matrix plasticity, as measured by PNN density, occurs in such social contexts in adult wildtype female mice. Here, we found novel PNN density changes in the primary somatosensory cortex (SS1) in a hemisphere-, subregion-specific manner after a maternal behavior task, using systematic whole brain region microscopy analysis. Furthermore, we found hemispheric bias in PNN density in individual mice. Using adult female mice deficient in methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2), an epigenetic regulator, we found that MECP2 is critical for this precise and dynamic expression of PNN.
Leveraging a phenome-wide approach to identify novel exposure-birth defect associations: A proof of concept using maternal smoking and a spectrum of birth defects.

BACKGROUND There are often questions about the impact of exposures on a range of birth defects, but there are few rigorous approaches for evaluating these associations. Using maternal smoking as an example we applied a phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) approach to evaluate the impact of this exposure on a comprehensive range of birth defects. METHODS Cases were obtained from the Texas Birth Defects Registry for the period 1999-2015. A total of 127 birth defects were examined. Maternal smoking at any time during the pregnancy was ascertained from the vital record. Data were randomly divided into discovery (60%) and replication (40%) partitions. Poisson regression models were run in the discovery partition, using a Bonferroni threshold of p < 3.9×10-4 . Birth defects passing that threshold in adjusted models were evaluated in the replication partition using p < 0.05 to determine statistical significance. RESULTS Four birth defects were positively and significantly associated with maternal smoking in both partitions: cleft palate, anomalies of the pulmonary artery, other specified anomalies of the mouth and pharynx, and congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Obstructive defects of the renal pelvis and ureter showed consistent negative associations. All five defects exhibited significant dose-response relationships. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that a statistically rigorous approach can be applied to birth defects registry data to examine the association between specified exposures and a range of birth defects. While we confirmed previously reported associations, others were not validated, likely due to misclassification in exposure based on vital records.
The Foot in Cerebral Palsy.

Children with cerebral palsy frequently develop foot deformities, most commonly equinus contractures, which can be managed with orthotics up to age 5 to 7 years. Plantar flexor lengthening, typically around this age, should be restricted to the offending muscle only, usually with a fascia release of the gastrocnemius. Equinovarus, mainly a problem in children with unilateral cerebral palsy, often responds to plantar flexor lengthening. If further tendon transfers are needed, they should be done when the child is older to avoid overcorrection. Planovalgus mostly improves spontaneously up to age 5 years. Surgical correction is best done in adolescence.
Efficient computation of small abstraction refinements

In the abstraction refinement approach to model checking, the discovery of spurious counterexamples in the current abstract model triggers its refinement. The proof - produced by a SAT solver - that the abstract counterexamples cannot be concretized can be used to identify the circuit elements or predicates that should be added to the model. It is common, however, for the refinements thus computed to be highly redundant. A costly minimization phase is therefore often needed to prevent excessive growth of the abstract model. In This work we show how to modify the search strategy of a SAT solver so that it generates refinements that are close to minimal, thus greatly reducing the time required for their minimization.
Study of vortex ring dynamics in the nonlinear schrodinger equation utilizing gpu-accelerated high-order compact numerical integrators

We numerically study the dynamics and interactions of vortex rings in the nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLSE). Single ring dynamics for both bright and dark vortex rings are explored including their traverse velocity, stability, and perturbations resulting in quadrupole oscillations. Multi-ring dynamics of dark vortex rings are investigated, including scattering and merging of two colliding rings, leapfrogging interactions of co-traveling rings, as well as co-moving steady-state multi-ring ensembles. Simulations of choreographed multi-ring setups are also performed, leading to intriguing interaction dynamics. Due to the inherent lack of a close form solution for vortex rings and the dimensionality where they live, efficient numerical methods to integrate the NLSE have to be developed in order to perform the extensive number of required simulations. To facilitate this, compact high-order numerical schemes for the spatial derivatives are developed which include a new semi-compact modulus-squared Dirichlet boundary condition. The schemes are combined with a fourth-order Runge-Kutta time-stepping scheme in order to keep the overall method fully explicit. To ensure efficient use of the schemes, a stability analysis is performed to find bounds on the largest usable time step-size as a function of the spatial step-size. The numerical methods are implemented into codes which are run on NVIDIA graphic processing unit (GPU) parallel architectures. The codes running on the GPU are shown to be many times faster than their serial counterparts. The codes are developed with future usability in mind, and therefore are written to interface with MATLAB utilizing custom GPU-enabled C codes with a MEX-compiler interface. Reproducibility of results is achieved by combining the codes into a code package called NLSEmagic which is freely distributed on a dedicated website.
Purificar la nación: eugenesia, higiene y renovación moral-racial de la periferia del Caribe colombiano, 1900-1930

Este articulo examina el papel de la eugenesia en la creacion de programas de higiene en la costa Caribe colombiana a comienzos del siglo XX. Las ideas eugenesicas sobre el decaimiento racial, en especial sobre el lugar de las poblaciones negras en ese supuesto proceso, inspiraron proyectos que buscaban promover la salud y la limpieza de la gente de la Costa para eliminar lo que se percibia como su contaminacion biologica y cultural. El deseo de mejorar racialmente al Caribe, tanto en la Costa misma como en el bajo rio Magdalena, surgio en gran parte por la posicion de la region como salida del pais al mundo (y a sus mercados). La meta eugenesica de la renovacion racial tambien tuvo una naturaleza moral, y el movimiento higienico en la Costa se enfoco en mejorar las condiciones y la productividad de la poblacion trabajadora de la region. Aunque los programas de salud e higiene aparentemente se disenaron para dar mayor unidad a Colombia despues de los desordenes y el malestar resultantes de la Guerra de los Mil Dias y de la separacion de Panama, las motivaciones raciales y morales de esos programas reforzaron las divisiones culturales que existian previamente en el pais.
Intraventricular hemorrhage in the full-term neonate associated with abdominal compression.

Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in the full-term neonate usually is associated with birth trauma and/or perinatal asphyxia. A cause can be found in approximately 75% of cases; however, the remainder have no identifiable risk factors.1 This report describes a 13-day-old full-term neonate who sustained an IVH following moderate abdominal trauma. CASE REPORT History A full-term male newborn was delivered via an uncomplicated spontaneous vaginal delivery to a 35-year-old biparous mother with third trimester diet-controlled gestational diabetes mellitus. Apgar scores were 8 at 1 minute and 9 at 5 minutes. Birth weight was 3660 g, and the results of the neurologic examination were normal with a fronto-occipital head circumference of 35.0 cm.
Negotiating Popular Obesity Discourses in Adolescence

AbstractEthnographic research, including individual interviews, focus groups and participant observation, was conducted to explore youth perceptions of school food, attitudes about overweight and obesity, and gendered food consumption behaviors within the broader context of competing popular discourses about the national “obesity epidemic.” Adolescents interviewed harshly criticized overweight people for a perceived lack of self-control; at the same time, youth reported feeling out of control with regard to their own food consumption behaviors at school. As a result, girls blamed themselves for eating “junk food” at school and engaged in “guilt talk” to mitigate feelings of guilt and display personal responsibility. Girls also shared junk food items with friends to limit the amount consumed. In contrast, boys did not express feeling guilty about eating junk food and reported trading or jacking (slang term meaning “to steal”) junk food items from friends as opposed to sharing, a behavior that was associate...
Integrals of Eisenstein series and derivatives of L-functions

In his lost notebook, Ramanujan recorded a formula relating a “character analogue” of the Dedekind eta-function, the integral of a quotient of eta-functions, and the value of a Dirichlet Lfunction at s = 2. Here we derive an infinite family of formulas which includes Ramanujan’s original formula as a special case. Our results depend on a representation of values of the derivatives of Dirichlet L-functions as the limiting values of certain q-series.
NUTRITIONAL STUDIES OF DEVELOPMENT IN SCHIZOPHYLLUM COMMUNE

Abstract Niederpruem, Donald J. (Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis), Hudner Hobbs, and Lyle Henry. Nutritional studies of development in Schizophyllum commune. J. Bacteriol. 88:1721–1729. 1964.—Individual carbon and nitrogen sources which sustain dikaryotic fruiting in the basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune were determined. Combination studies indicated that certain poor substrates were inhibitory; these included acetate, citrate, KNO2, and l-lysine. Homokaryotic (haploid) fruiting was promoted by dilute culture medium. Both developmental systems were arrested by respiratory CO2. Elevated temperature (e.g., 30 C) essentially completely blocked homokaryotic fruiting of S. commune.
3H-vitamin A and rat thyroid: Autoradiographic observations

Des etudes autoradiographiques demontrent la presence de radioactivite dans les cellules folliculaires et dans la colloide de la thyroide du rat a la suite de l'injection intraperitoneale de l'acetate retinyl-3H (acetate de la vitamine A). La radioactivite de la colloide se manifeste seulement dans le tissu congele vivant; elle disparait lors de la preparation histologique ordinaire. Par contre, une partie de cette radioactivite reste liee aux cellules folliculaires, meme apres la preparation histologique habituelle.
Oxidative phosphorylation in the minute mutants of Drosophila.

Oxidative phosphorylation was studied in mitochondria isolated from whole 72-hour larvae heterozygous for nine different Minute mutants with loci on the second and third chromosomes, i.e: M(2)12, M(2)1, M(2)173, M(2)z, M(3)w, M(3)124, M(3)B2, M(3)y and M(3)1. In all Minutes, oxidative phosphorylation was found to be abnormal in that phosphorylation was uncoupled from oxygen uptake to a greater extent as compared to controls. Differences with respect to respiration and/or phosphorylation were also evident between the Minutes themselves. The results strengthen the hypothesis that lesions in oxidative phosphorylation are associated with the Minute phenotype and demonstrate genetic control over this basic cellular process. In addition, if it is assumed that the Minutes are heterochromatic, as believed by many investigators, then the present study indicates a physiological function for heterochromatin.
Total sterols in root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita infected cotton Gossypium hirsutum (L.) plant roots☆

Abstract Two near-isogenic breeding lines of Gossypium hirsutum (L.) (upland cotton) were inoculated with eggs of Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood (RKN) in greenhouse pots. One line was susceptible (ST-213) and the other was resistant (81–249) to RKN. Eight days after inoculation, roots of plants and their controls were analyzed for total sterols by GLC and GLC-MS. The total content in roots of uninoculated roots of susceptible plants was slightly higher than in the roots of uninoculated resistant plants, but significantly lower after inoculation. By comparison, the sterols in roots of the resistant line were significantly higher at 8 days after inoculation. The major sterols in both susceptible and resistant lines were stigmasterol, sitosterol and campesterol, with a lesser amount of cholesterol and a trace of stigmastanol. Because the amounts and distribution of the sterols were similar in susceptible and resistant lines, they do not appear to be a factor associated with RKN growth and development. Sitosterol was the most abundant sterol in RKN eggs which also contained lesser amounts of cholesterol and stigmasterol. However, no stanols were found in RKN eggs.
Temperature and field induced strain in polycrystalline Ni50Mn35In15−xSix magnetic shape memory Heusler alloys

Abstract Magnetic shape memory properties of polycrystalline Ni 50 Mn 35 In 15− x Si x were investigated. A reversible strain of more than 0.4% was observed for x = 0 at a magnetic field H = 5 T that was found to be associated with a field induced reverse martensitic transformation. The strains were found to increase with the substitution of In by Si and strains larger than 1% were observed for x = 2 at H = 5 T. Both the positive and negative strain changes were observed in the vicinity of martensitic transition temperatures. The strain in Ni 50 Mn 35 In 15− x Si x was found to depend on silicon concentration, and on samples texture.