cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stringlike solutions of the bag model

It is shown that bags made of colored quarks and gluons have an asymptotically linear Regge trajectory whose structure is dominated by colored flux lines. The slope is calculated and found to be given by ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{\ensuremath{'}}=0.88$ Ge${\mathrm{V}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$. The relationship to the dual string model is discussed and speculations are made about the possible relevance of the picture for approximate duality.
Strain-rate and temperature dependent plastic yield in carbon nanotubes from ab initio calculations

Lattice yield to tension within practical time and temperatures is determined by the probability of defect formation. Its rate in nanotubes depends in turn on the transition state and activation barrier for the Stone–Wales bond rotations. Systematic ab initio computations of the barriers for the tubes of various symmetries and radii led to accurate calculation of plastic yield strain as a function of temperature and test duration.
Light and electron microscopic analysis of projection neurons retrogradely labeled with Fluoro-Gold: notes on the application of antibodies to Fluoro-Gold.

Abstract Fluoro-Gold has been a very popular fluorescent tracer used recently for retrogradely labeling projection neurons. In this study we describe the advantages of using antibodies to Fluoro-Gold in conventional immunohistochemical reaction protocols to further extend the usefulness of this tracer for both light and electron microscopic neuroanatomical studies.
Psychometric and Administrative Properties of Measures Used in Assistive Technology Device Outcomes Research

Although there have been numerous calls for increasing the quantity and quality of assistive technology outcomes research, no one has analyzed the nature of data that the field has been accumulating. This article summarizes our evaluation of 82 outcome studies, published between 1980 and 2001, addressing assistive technology devices (ATDs). Our data indicate that the "typical" ATD outcomes study published in the past 20 years is one that (a) used a sample population that was diverse in terms of age, disability population, and type of ATD being used; (b) measured user-reported dependent variables with instruments designed specifically for the study; (c) did not report adequate information on the reliability and validity for the measurement instruments that were used; (d) did not discuss the staff workload associated with learning, administering, and scoring its data collection tools; and (e) did not differentiate its findings in terms of distinguishable participant subgroups. Several suggestions are provided to guide future development of assistive technology outcome measures in the domains of usability, quality of life, and social role performance. In addition, seven recommendations are offered to outcomes researchers, policy makers, journal editors, and reviewers in order to improve the reporting of assistive technology outcomes research.
Capped Fullerenes: Stabilization of Water-Soluble Fullerene Monomers As Studied by Flash Photolysis and Pulse Radiolysis

Functionalization of C60 with hydrophilic groups promotes the water solubility of the fullerene core which leads in aqueous solution to the irreversible formation of clusters. Capping the surface of water-soluble fullerene derivatives with surfactants (cetyltrimethylammonium chloride or Triton X-100) was found to exclude formation of fullerene clusters and, in turn, to stabilize fullerene monomers. Flash photolytic and pulse radiolytic techniques were employed to generated excited and reduced states of fullerene monomers and fullerene clusters 1−3. Fullerene aggregation was found to have no significant effects on the physicochemical properties related to the generation and lifetime of the excited singlet state. Nanosecond studies of the processes following photoexcitation revealed noticeable differences between monomeric and colloidal derivatives 1−3 for the absorption maximum of the corresponding *T1 → *Tn absorptions. Clustering was found to invoke also remarkable changes for the decay of the fullerene'...
Adverse effects of isolation in hospitalised patients: a systematic review

The use of transmission precautions such as contact isolation in patients known to be colonised or infected with multidrug-resistant organisms is recommended in healthcare institutions. Although essential for infection control, contact isolation has recently been associated with adverse effects in patients. We undertook a systematic review to determine whether contact isolation leads to psychological or physical problems for patients. Studies were included if (1) hospitalised patients were placed under isolation precautions for an underlying medical indication, and (2) any adverse events related to the isolation were evaluated. We found 16 studies that reported data regarding the impact of isolation on patient mental well-being, patient satisfaction, patient safety or time spent by healthcare workers in direct patient care. The majority showed a negative impact on patient mental well-being and behaviour, including higher scores for depression, anxiety and anger among isolated patients. A few studies also found that healthcare workers spent less time with patients in isolation. Patient satisfaction was adversely affected by isolation if patients were kept uninformed of their healthcare. Patient safety was also negatively affected, leading to an eight-fold increase in adverse events related to supportive care failures. We found that contact isolation may negatively impact several dimensions of patient care. Well-validated tools are necessary to investigate these results further. Large studies examining a number of safety indicators to assess the adverse effects of isolation are needed. Patient education may be an important step to mitigate the adverse psychological effects of isolation and is recommended.
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids of Heliotropium from Mexico and adjacent U.S.A.

Abstract The levels of alkaloids were determined in leaves and stems of 24 species of Heliotropium collected in Mexico and adjacent U.S.A. All species contained unsaturated pyrrolizidines, their content in leaves ranging from 0.003 to 0.18%. Saturated pyrrolizidine alkaloids were detected in nine species. Greenhouse-grown plants of five species had a significantly higher alkaloid content in their leaves than the corresponding field samples. In all these species, except for H. indicum , the differences were due to higher levels of saturated pyrrolizidines.
Sticky Priors: The Perseverance of Identity Effects on Judgment:

Abstract This research examines the perseverance of identity-based judgments by exploring the effectiveness of various corrective procedures that are intended to neutralize identity effects on judgment. The authors explore these effects in a series of studies that involve different kinds of identities (e.g., parent, teenager, businessperson, environmentalist) linked to different objects and issues (e.g., Internet censorship, pollution credits, electronic books). Moreover, they test the effectiveness of various corrective procedures, including feature-based analysis, counterfactual reasoning, counteridentification, and social influence. The authors find that identity-driven thinking leads to judgment that resists change, that is, a procedural bias or “sticky prior” in favor of an initial identity-based judgment. The findings attest to both the power of identity and the efficacy of analytic and nonanalytic corrective techniques.
Circulating adiponectin is associated with obesity and serum lipids in West Africans.

Context: Adiponectin, a hormone secreted by adipose tissue, has both metabolic and antiinflammatory properties. Although multiple studies have described the relationship between adiponectin and obesity in several human populations, no large studies have evaluated this relationship in Africans. Objective: We investigated the relationship between adiponectin and measures of obesity, serum lipids, and insulin resistance in a large African cohort. Design: Participants are from the Africa America Diabetes Mellitus (AADM) Study, a case-control study of genetic and other risk factors associated with development of type 2 diabetes in Africans. Setting: Patients were recruited from five academic medical centers in Nigeria and Ghana (Accra and Kumasi in Ghana and Enugu, Ibadan, and Lagos in Nigeria) over 10 yr. Main Outcome Measures: Circulating adiponectin levels were measured in 690 nondiabetic controls using an ELISA. The correlation between log-transformed circulating adiponectin levels and age, gender, measure...
Metabolism of Butyl 4-Hydroxy-3,5-diiodobenzoate BHDB), a Thyroxine Analogue

The metabolism of butyl 4-hydroxy- 3,5-diiodobenzoate (BHDB) labeled with 13II in the 3,5 position and that of thyroxine (T4) labeled with 131I in the 3',5' position were compared in isolated liver (rat) perfusions and in rats with biliary fistulas. Disappearance of radioactivity from the blood was more rapid, biliary excretion of radioactive compounds was greater, and accumulation of 131I in the liver was less after administration of BHDB than after administration of T4. Biliary and urinary metabolites of BHDB in whole rats were similar to biliary metabolites from perfused livers although the metabolites did not accumulate in blood perfusing the isolated liver. Deiodination and glucuronide or sulfate conjugation were not found to be pathways of BHDB metabolism. An acid-hydrolyzable conjugate of BHDB was found in bile and urine but was not identified. In spite of their similarities in molecular structure, BHDB and T4 are metabolized by different pathways. (Endocrinology 83: 239, 1968)
Optic neuritis after influenza vaccination.

Purpose To present evidence for a causal relation between optic neuritis and influenza vaccination. Methods Case report. In a 59-year-old woman with bilateral optic neuritis, neuro-ophthalmologic examination, magnetic resonance imaging, fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test, antinuclear antibodies, and complete blood cell count and chemistry were performed. Results Our patient developed bilateral optic neuritis on two occasions, 1 year apart. No evidence of neuroretinitis, syphilis, or systemic lupus erythematosus was identified. Influenza vaccination was given 2 weeks before the onset of each episode. Conclusion This case provides compelling clinical evidence that implicates influenza vaccination as a cause of optic neuritis.
The correlation Consistent composite Approach: The spin contamination effect on an MP2-based composite methodology

Abstract The correlation consistent composite approach (ccCA) is reformulated utilizing a restricted open-shell reference wavefunction to remove spin-contamination from open-shell systems. The RO-ccCA-PS3 variant has an MAD of 0.65 kcal mol−1 for the 32 open-shell systems in the G3/99 enthalpy of formation test set, as compared to 0.77 kcal mol−1 using the unrestricted formulation. For the 22 most highly spin-contaminated species in the G3/99 test set, RO-ccCA produces a lower MAD; 1.20 versus 2.17 kcal mol−1. Additionally, the performance of RO-ccCA is examined for 30 bond dissociation energies and found to show improved accuracy over unrestricted ccCA.
Does the plant mitochondrion integrate cellular stress and regulate programmed cell death

Research on programmed cell death in plants is providing insight into the primordial mechanism of programmed cell death in all eukaryotes. Much of the attention in studies on animal programmed cell death has focused on determining the importance of signal proteases termed caspases. However, it has recently been shown that cell death can still occur even when the caspase cascade is blocked, revealing that there is an underlying oncotic default pathway. Many programmed plant cell deaths also appear to be oncotic. Shared features of plant and animal programmed cell death can be used to deduce the primordial components of eukaryotic programmed cell death. From this perspective, we must ask whether the mitochondrion is a common factor that can serve in plant and animal cell death as a stress sensor and as a dispatcher of programmed cell death.
Causal Modeling of Students' Attitude and Choice of Majors in Business Administration

Emphasizing the student as consumer, this study investigates a causal model of student attitudes and choice of a major in business administration. The impact of academic, vocational, and social influence factors on both attitude and choice were studied. Separate causal models are examined for the four majors of marketing, management, finance, and accounting. Although there were many differences between majors, the academic factors appear to have the greatest effect on attitude and choice.
An investigation of partial cone cracks in silicon nitride balls

Hybrid silicon nitride ball/steel raceway bearings are used in advanced aircraft engines and space propulsion systems. Silicon nitride is a brittle material and partial cone cracks, or c-cracks, originate from contact interactions during manufacturing. These cracks limit the Rolling Contact Fatigue (RCF) life of the balls. Here the authors examine subsurface Hertzian stresses between contacting spheres, using an analytical stress solution, to investigate their applicability to predicting and characterizing crack size and shape. The authors also incrementally develop these cracks through an iterative crack growth procedure using a 3D finite element analysis. Comparisons are then made to experimental images of the flaws in silicon nitride. By varying the initial conditions during the contact interaction of the balls we demonstrate that a wide range of cone and partial cone cracks, observed in practice, can be generated using both the analytical and numerical fracture mechanics approaches. Furthermore, an expression is presented for the impact velocity that induces a cone crack from a maximum radial stress criterion at the contact periphery.
Rigid and Flexible Frameworks

(1981). Rigid and Flexible Frameworks. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 88, No. 1, pp. 6-21.
Ceramide aminoethylphosphonate in the fungus Pythium prolatum.

Abstract Ceramide aminoethylphosphonate was characterized from the lower fungus Pythium prolatum . The compound was purified by silicic acid column chromatography, DEAE-cellulose column chromatography, the action of phospholipase D, and two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography. Infrared spectra lacked ester bands and suggested the presence of a bonded NH group. The compound was hydrolyzed by strong acid. Sphingosine comprised 98% of the long chain bases. The predominant fatty acids were palmitate, oleate, linoleate, and an unidentified long chain acid. The aqueous portion of the hydrolysis products gave an elemental analysis consistent with 2-aminoethylphosphonate. On paper and thin layer chromatograms, the ammonium salt of the aqueous hydrolysis product chromatographed with 2-aminoethylphosphonate but not 1-aminoethylphosphonate, 2-aminoethanol, serine or alanine. This appears to be the first report of a phosphonolipid from fungi.
Studies relating to the purification and properties of pectin transeliminase.

Abstract This paper describes a convenient procedure for the purification of fungal pectin transeliminase (PTE). Taking advantage of the enzyme's low isoelectric point (pH 3.5), a high degree of purification is obtained by column chromatography on DEAE cellulose. Additional steps in the procedure include passage through Sephadex G-75 and precipitation by dialysis against distilled water. The extraction of PTE from the acetone powder of pea seedlings is also described. Several properties of the purified enzyme were investigated. The enzymic reaction has an energy of activation of 8400 cal./mole. This may be compared to 23,000 cal./ mole for the inorganically catalyzed reaction. PTE is activated by multivalent anions and inhibited by multivalent cations. Plant hormones and their analogs inhibit the ability of PTE to attack pectin. This inhibition increases with increasing substrate (pectin) concentration. Pectin, partially degraded by heating at pH 6.8, is particularly effective. A number of substances have been compared in their ability to induce this inhibition. Different pectin samples exhibit a large variation in the degree to which they interact in this system.
Chip-scale 3D topography synthesis

We propose a novel approach to perform the chip scale mask to topography mapping by building a library of repetitive mask patterns. We call them vicinity patterns. They describe a collection of mask features in close proximity. This pattern library is used to synthesize 3-D topography of an arbitrary part of the chip topography. We define some process-related parameters, which we call critical interaction lengths, as a basis for mask decomposition into the vicinity patterns.
A randomized controlled trial using patient-controlled epidural analgesia with 0.25% versus 0.0625% bupivacaine in nulliparous labor: effect on analgesia requirement and maternal satisfaction.

Abstract Background The effect of epidural local anesthetic concentration on analgesic action is still the subject of debate. This study compared the effect of a four-fold change in concentration of bupivacaine for epidural analgesia in labor. Methods Nulliparous women in early active labor were recruited. All women received analgesic drugs via a lumbar epidural catheter, and all received fentanyl 1μg/kg with the epidural induction dose and no further opioids throughout the study. Patients were randomized to receive either a 5-mL bolus followed by a 5-mL/h infusion of concentrated (0.25%) bupivacaine or a 20-mL bolus followed by a 20-mL/h infusion of dilute (0.0625%) bupivacaine. Patient-controlled epidural analgesia of the study solution was then used to assess additional analgesia requirements. Analgesic requirement, maternal satisfaction and obstetric outcome were compared. Results For subjects receiving 0.25% bupivacaine, the median total dose of drug administered was greater (117 vs. 90mg, P =0.0008), and the mean maternal satisfaction score was less (82 vs. 93, P =0.04) than with the 0.0625% solution. Conclusions Larger volumes of more dilute solutions may result in dose sparing and provide more effective labor analgesia. This study supports the continued trend towards dilute local anesthetic mixtures for labor epidural analgesia.
Operation Save a Life: Massachusetts General Hospital Trauma Center's Program to Educate Drivers on the Dangers of Driving While Intoxicated

Laurie Petrovick is Administrative Coordinator, Data Management and Performance Improvement, Division of Trauma, Emergency Surgery, and Surgical Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA. For correspondence, write: Laurie Petrovick, CSTR, MHSA, Massachusetts General Hospital, CPZ 810, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114; E-mail: lpetrovick@partners.org. J Emerg Nurs 2007;33:154-7. 0099-1767/$32.00 Copyright n 2007 by the Emergency Nurses Association. doi: 10.1016/j.jen.2006.11.011
Coping with Uncertainty in Expert Systems: A Comparative Study

This paper suggests a way to represent the uncertainty of evidence in expert systems. It is proposed that the degree of certainty will be represented by a fuzzy interval rather than a scaler. The degree of necessity represents the lower bound of this fuzzy interval, while the degree of possibility is its upper bound. Belief functions and plausibility measures, are subsets of the set of fuzzy measures. If certain constraints are imposed upon the universe of discourde, e.g. for finite domains, then necessity and possibility are respectively consonant belief functions and possibility measures, thus subsets of the belief functions and plausibility measures. In this study the authors propose to evaluate functions, based on triangular norms and conorms, and to perform all the aggregations required in the matching of assertions and premise and in the weighting and aggregation of conclusions.
Renal lymphoma: demonstration by MR imaging.

The objective of this study was to demonstrate the spectrum of appearances of renal lymphoma using current MR techniques including gadolinium enhancement.Twelve patients with renal lymphoma were examined by MR imaging on a 1.5-T scanner. MR examinations included T2-weighted, breath-hold T1-weighted spoiled gradient-echo, and T1-weighted fat-suppressed spin-echo imaging before and after gadolinium administration. Tumor morphology, signal intensity, and enhancement features were evaluated.Three types of renal involvement were observed: large paraaortic retroperitoneal masses with extension into the renal hilum, the subcapsular space, or both (nine patients); unilateral diffuse infiltration of the renal parenchyma (one patient); and focal rounded intraparenchymal masses (two patients). Untreated lymphoma (10 patients) was slightly hypointense relative to the renal cortex on T1-weighted images and was heterogenous and slightly hypointense or isointense on T2-weighted images. Enhancement of lymphomatous tissue...
Use of Facebook: A Comparative Study of U.S. American and Ghanaian College Students

Individuals’ cultural orientations influence their use of Facebook. This study focused on Facebook users in U.S. American and Ghanaian universities to investigate the differences in their attitude toward self-disclosure and their use of interactive features. The U.S. American sample consisted of 47 males and 75 females; the Ghanaian sample consisted of 99 males and 59 females. The findings show that, compared to the U.S. American students, the Ghanaian students tend to have more positive attitudes toward self-disclosure on Facebook and are more likely to use the interactive features of chatting and sending messages on Facebook. However, the U.S. American students are more likely to use the “like” function on Facebook than their Ghanaian counterparts. The cultural dimension of individualism and collectivism help understand these differences.
Reflectance spectroscopy in the visible and near-infrared (0.35–2.55 µm): Applications in carbonate petrology

Reflectance spectroscopy in the visible and near-infrared (0.35 to 2.55 µm) offers a rapid, inexpensive, nondestructive tool for determining the mineralogy and for investigating the minor-element chemistry of the hard-to-discriminate carbonate minerals, and can, in one step, provide information previously obtainable only by the combined application of two or more analytical techniques. When light interacts with a mineral, certain wavelengths are preferentially absorbed. The positions and widths of absorptions due to vibrations of the carbonate radical, and the positions and shapes of absorptions due to transition metal cations, if present, can be used to determine mineralogy. Relative intensities of absorptions due to transition metal cations can be used to determine concentration of these cations. Because absorptions due to Fe2+ and Mn2+ occur in different regions of the spectrum, the presence of one cation does not interfere with analysis for the other. Detection limits for Mn2+ are about 0.1 wt% Mn and for Fe2+ are about 0.01 wt% Fe. This technique is also very sensitive to the presence of water and indicates that aqueous fluid inclusions are nearly ubiquitous in carbonate minerals and rocks. Spectra indicate that inclusions are particularly abundant in skeletal carbonates and that the quantity of inclusions in skeletal material varies from one type of organism to another. Spectra indicate that inclusions are lost during diagenesis of skeletal material, providing a new criterion for diagenetic studies.
Strain Gradient Effect in Cone Indentation

A size effect is known to exist in the strength and hardness of metals at small length scales. For example, the hardness of a pyramid indentation at the macro-scale is constant and typically independent of indentation size due to the self-similar feature of the indentation. But, at the meso-scale, this hardness has been observed to increase with decreasing indentation size. This increase has been attributed to the influence of strain gradient on the flow stress. At this point, the contribution of a rotational gradient to the hardness is unclear. This study investigates the sensitivity of the hardness to rotational strain gradients through a Cosserat continuum. Finite element simulation of cone indentation is employed to conduct this investigation. The effect of varying indentation strain fields is modeled using indentation with cones of varying angles. The results demonstrate the role of rotational gradients in indentation.
Dimensions of Leadership and Social Influence in Online Communities

The purpose of this article is to examine the communication behaviors of online leaders, or those who influence other members of online communities in triggering message replies, sparking conversation, and diffusing language. It relies on 632,622 messages from 33,450 participants across 16 discussion groups from Google Groups that took place over a 2-year period. It utilizes automated text analysis, social network analysis, and hierarchical linear modeling to uncover the language and social behavior of online leaders. The findings show that online leaders influence others through high communication activity, credibility, network centrality, and the use of affective, assertive, and linguistic diversity in their online messages.
An international perspective: factors that affect female midlife and older displaced workers' re‐employment earnings

Workers affected by structural unemployment are often referred to as displaced workers. This study compares factors that affect re-employment earnings of male and female displaced workers. The study focuses on midlife and older workers and is derived from the US 1988 Current Population Survey: Displaced Worker Supplement. Findings indicate that women's re-employment earnings are largely affected by their human capital investment education. Men, on the other hand, have numerous factors that increase re-employment earnings. As the economies of the U.S. and the European communities adapt to changes in technology and global competition, worker displacements will continue to be an important issue.
Epigenetic Regulation of T Cell Fate and Function

During their development, T lymphocytes make sequential cell fate choices: T rather than B lymphocytes, then TCRαβ or TCRγδ, CD4 or CD8, and Th1 or Th2 lineage. These fate choices require the initiation of new programs of gene expression, and once initiated, these programs must be faithfully propagated in a heritable manner from parental cells to their progeny. With the exception of the T cell receptor, these changes in gene expression occur without a change in information encoded directly in the DNA sequence. Rather, these heritable programs of gene expression are imposed, at least in part, epigenetically through changes in chromatin structure and DNA methylation, allowing T cells to tune the threshold for expression of specific genes.
Separation of high order harmonics with fFluoride windows

We demonstrate the use of fluoride windows to temporally separate the lower orders produced in high harmonic generation. We use this technique to conduct a VUV pump/IR probe experiment on the ethylene molecule.
Integrating Data Transformation in Principal Components Analysis.

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a popular dimension-reduction method to reduce the complexity and obtain the informative aspects of high-dimensional datasets. When the data distribution is skewed, data transformation is commonly used prior to applying PCA. Such transformation is usually obtained from previous studies, prior knowledge, or trial-and-error. In this work, we develop a model-based method that integrates data transformation in PCA and finds an appropriate data transformation using the maximum profile likelihood. Extensions of the method to handle functional data and missing values are also developed. Several numerical algorithms are provided for efficient computation. The proposed method is illustrated using simulated and real-world data examples. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
USING MATRIX MODELS TO DETERMINE CROPPING SYSTEM EFFECTS ON ANNUAL WEED DEMOGRAPHY

The design of most agricultural systems ignores the possibility that cropping system characteristics may affect weed population dynamics by altering key demographic rates of weeds. We examined legume green manure and tillage timing effects upon giant foxtail (Setaria faberi) demography with prospective and retrospective perturbation analyses of a periodic matrix population model. Demographic data were collected for S. faberi grown in a wheat-corn-soybean crop sequence in the central USA in 2000 and 2001, with either a wheat sole-crop (W) or wheat/red clover crop mixture (R) in the wheat phase. Wheat phase residues were incorporated either in fall (FT) or spring (ST) to form four cropping system treatments: FT/W, FT/R, ST/W, and ST/R. Demographic rates estimated from the field data included seed survival from October to March and March to October, seedling recruitment, plant survival, fecundity, and seed predation. The variable efficacy of post- emergence weed control was modeled by varying the proportion of seedlings surviving to reproductive maturity from 0.025 to 0.20. Deterministic simulations indicated that there was both interannual and management-induced variation in S. faberi population growth rate. Stochastic population growth rate depended upon an interaction between legume green manure and tillage-timing effects, such that stochastic population growth rate was lowest for fall-tilled wheat and red clover, greater for fall-tilled wheat, and greatest for both spring- tilled management regimes. Within the fall-tilled regime, the cropping system (wheat vs. wheat plus clover) had a greater influence on relative rates of stochastic population growth as plant survival increased. However, plant survival did not affect the stochastic population growth rates in the spring-tilled treatments. Elasticity analysis suggested that seed survival through the winter, fecundity, and the proportion of seeds escaping predation were important driving variables for this system. Retrospective perturbation analysis supported these results but also indicated that fecundity and predation levels varied more in response to changing management treatments than winter seed survival, leading to their having a greater influence on differences in population growth among the four management treatments. Perturbation analyses of matrix population models will aid the development of integrated weed-man- agement systems by elucidating cropping-system effects upon weed demography.
God the Measure: Towards an Understanding of Jonathan Edwards' Theocentric Metaphysics

Since Perry Millerpos;'s biography of Jonathan Edwards began a new cycle of study some forty years ago, research into Edwards' life and thought has advanced considerably. No longer is the intellectual giant of colonial America surrounded by the obscurity to which early generations had consigned him. Yale is republishing his works. New secondary studies on Edwards appear regularly. Academics from a range of disciplines - history, American studies, theology, philosophy, and literary criticism - have all made Edwards a focus for serious scholarly attention. As an index to the quickening tempo of research, the total number of dissertations on Edwards increased in geometrical proportion during the last half century, doubling during each of the successive decades since 1940.
Transient and spontaneously-remitting complex hallucinations in a patient with melanoma and brain metastases.

Background Neuropsychiatric sequelae are common in primary and secondary brain tumors, with symptoms varying as a function of tumor type, location, and size. Objective The author presents a case of a 49-year-old woman with melanoma metastatic to the brain, in an effort to link lesions and complex olfactory and visual hallucinations. Method The patient's history and clinical diagnostic procedures are presented. Results A computerized tomographic scan showed lesions in the right parietal lobe, bilateral ring enhancing lesions, an enhancing lesion in the frontal lobes, and another lesion in the left temporal lobe. Discussion The author discusses possible causal connections among lesions found and various complex symptoms.
Design and development of a bipolar power supply for APS storage ring correctors

The Advanced Photon Source (APS) requires a number of correction magnets. Basically, two different types of bipolar power supplies (BPS) will be used for all the correction magnets. One requires dc correction only, and the other requires dc and ac correction. For the storage ring horizontal/vertical (H/V) correctors, the BPS should be able to supply dc and ac current. This paper describes the design aspects and considerations for a bipolar power supply for the APS storage ring H/V correctors. >
Copperhead snakebites: Clinical severity of local effects

Abstract Study Objective: We sought to evaluate the type and extent of local reactions after copperhead snakebites. Methods: We performed a retrospective evaluation of copperhead snakebites in West Virginia between January 1, 1995, and September 30, 1999. A local effect scoring system was used to define a clinically significant local reaction. A bite was considered clinically significant if the bitten individual's average local effect score was 3 to 4 (range, 0 to 4). Results: Ninety-two patients met the inclusion criteria; an average local effect score of 3 to 4 was documented in 33% (n=30). The foot was the most common bite location (46% of all bites); 87.5% of bites to the finger (n=8) resulted in a score of 3 to 4. Eight (36%) of 22 patients who presented to the emergency department within 2 hours of a bite and whose highest local effect score was 3 to 4 did not have their highest score until greater than 4 hours after the bite. The average length of stay (score 3 to 4) was 3.4 days compared with 1.1 days for those with a score of 3 or less. Conclusion: Clinically significant local effects (eg, pain requiring parenteral analgesics, ecchymosis, swelling of over one half of the bitten extremity) occurred in one third of patients in our study. The generalization of copperhead snakebites as mild or of benign clinical significance should be reconsidered. [Scharman EJ, Noffsinger VD. Copperhead snakebites: clinical severity of local effects. Ann Emerg Med. July 2001;38:55-61.]
Earthquake site response in Santa Cruz, California

Abstract Aftershocks of the 1989 Loma Prieta, California, earthquake are used to estimate site response in a 12-km 2 area centered on downtown Santa Cruz. A total of 258 S -wave records from 36 aftershocks recorded at 33 sites are used in a linear inversion for site-response spectra. The inversion scheme takes advantage of the redundancy of the large data set for which several aftershocks are recorded at each site. The scheme decomposes the observed spectra into source, path, and site terms. The path term is specified before the inversion. The undetermined degree of freedom in the decomposition into source and site spectra is removed by specifying the site-response factor to be approximately 1.0 at two sites on crystalline bedrock. The S -wave site responses correlate well with the surficial geology and observed damage pattern of the mainshock. The site-response spectra of the floodplain sites, which include the heavily damaged downtown area, exhibit significant peaks. The largest peaks are between 1 and 4 Hz. Five floodplain sites have amplification factors of 10 or greater. Most of the floodplain site-response spectra also have a smaller secondary peak between 6 and 8 Hz. Residential areas built on marine terraces above the floodplain experienced much less severe damage. Site-response spectra for these areas also have their largest peaks between 1 and 4 Hz, but the amplification is generally below 6. Several of these sites also have a secondary peak between 6 and 8 Hz. The response peaks seen at nearly all sites between 1 and 4 Hz are probably caused by the natural resonance of the sedimentary rock column. The higher amplifications at floodplain sites may be caused by surface waves generated at the basin margins. The secondary peak between 6 and 8 Hz at many sites may be a harmonic of the 1- to 4-Hz peaks. We used waveforms from a seven-station approximately linear array located on the floodplain to calculate the apparent velocity and azimuth of propagation of coherent arrivals within moving windows of the S -wave codas. The initial windows give results that are consistent with direct S -wave arrivals. The apparent velocities are high (greater than 4.0 km/sec), and azimuths are from the source. Waves arriving later than 2 sec after the direct S waves have apparent velocities of less than 1 km/sec, indicating that they are surface waves, and arrive from divergent azimuths. This analysis indicates that after the direct S -wave arrival, long-duration shaking comes from surface waves that are generated at the basin margin and reverberate in the floodplain sediments.
The Meaning of Autonomy: On and Beyond the Interpersonal Circumplex

Review of existing psychological literature suggests that conceptions of autonomy as an individual difference have taken several forms. Structural analyses of 15 self-report autonomy scales utilizing the interpersonal circumplex (IPC) and the Five-Factor Model (FFM) of personality as structural referents confirmed the presence of diverse conceptualizations of this construct. Two hundred ninety undergraduate students completed 15 autonomy scales, the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO-PI-R), and the Interpersonal Adjective Scales (IAS). Factor analysis revealed three unique conceptualizations of autonomy. Each factor was further differentiated from the others by its unique location on the IPC and its distinct relationships with the domains and facets of the NEO-PI-R. Evaluation of these findings within the context of existing autonomy research leads to the conclusion that only two of the three identified factors reflect autonomy. Factor I, Depressogenic Vulnerability, though relatively consistent with its theoretical foundation, lacks the agentic quality one would expect in an autonomy construct. Factors II and III, presently labeled Self-governance and Agentic Separation, respectively, share an agentic core but differ considerably in their interpersonal content. Theoretical and empirical implications of these findings are discussed.
Biochemical criteria for the in vitro differentiation of embryoid bodies produced by a transplantable teratoma of mice. The production of acetylcholine esterase and creatine phosphokinase by teratoma cells

When embryoid bodies are grown in suspension culture in vitro, they undergo only a limited amount of morphological development. When these same embryoid bodies are permitted to attach to the surface of a culture dish, a wide variety of new morphological cell types appear. Suspension cultures of embryoid bodies do not contain significant detectable levels of acetylcholine esterase or creatine phosphokinase. These same enzymes however are produced in cell cultures derived from embryoid bodies attached to the culture dish surface. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis has been employed to demonstrate that the electrophoretic form of creatine phosphokinase produced by teratoma cells in culture is the brain form of the enzyme. Solid transplantable tumors containing only embryonal carcinoma cells (stem cells) do not contain either of these enzymatic activities. Well differentiated transplantable teratomas contain both enzymes.
Rearrangement of the MLL gene confers a poor prognosis in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia, regardless of presenting age.

MLL gene rearrangements are associated with an extremely poor prognosis in infants with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), but little is known about their clinical significance in older children. Therefore, we studied 45 cases of childhood ALL with abnormalities of chromosome 11q23 for rearrangement of the MLL gene to determine if this feature confers a uniformly poor prognosis. MLL gene rearrangements were detected in all 18 cases with the common t(4;11), t(9;11) or t(11;19) translocations, whereas only 5 of 12 patients with either unbalanced or uncommon balanced translocations demonstrated a rearrangement. Abnormalities of the MLL gene were not detected in any of the 15 cases with a deletion or inversion of the chromosomes 11q23 region. The presence of an MLL rearrangement was significantly associated with age less than 1 year (P 50 x 10(9)/L (P = .003), and the absence of leukemic cell CD10 expression (P < .001). In a stratified statistical analysis adjusted for age and treatment protocol, MLL gene rearrangement was correlated with an inferior treatment outcome (P = .028). The 4-year event-free survival estimate (+/- SE) was 10% +/- 6.5% for cases with a rearranged MLL gene and 64% +/- 19.2% for other cases. When infants were excluded from the analysis, MLL rearrangement was still significantly associated with a poor outcome (P = .02), and remained so with the exclusion of t(4;11)-positive cases (P = .05). Thus, regardless of presenting age, MLL gene rearrangement identifies a high-risk subgroup of patients who are not likely to be cured with conventional treatment.
Exploring family and social context through the electronic health record: Physicians' experiences.

INTRODUCTION There is ample evidence that social and familial context significantly impacts health. However, family and social history templates typically used in clinical practice exclude prompts to explore important contextual information, such as family dynamics, health beliefs, housing, and neighborhood environment. METHOD At the Residency Program in Social Medicine at Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine in Bronx, NY, we developed and piloted an expanded family and social information (FSI) template in our electronic health record (EHR) system. After 10 physicians used the FSI template during routine clinical practice, we conducted and qualitatively analyzed transcripts of semistructured interviews to assess their experiences. RESULTS The major themes of physician's experiences using the FSI template included: expanded thinking (promoted thinking and discussion about contextual information), relevancy to care (highlighted important life events, helpful resource for future care or for team-based care), fragmentation (patient narrative difficult to categorize into discrete sections), and abstract phrasing (prompts too abstract and/or too complex to explore well). Some minor themes (themes that were repeated often, but not consistent in all interviews) were also noted: practice demands, educational purpose, and wish list. DISCUSSION Within our small sample, we found that an expanded family and social information template broadened physicians' clinical thinking during routine visits. We also found that the structure of the EHR and practice demands create significant barriers to exploring a patient's narrative effectively. Themes identified in this research will inform national efforts to prioritize a contextual and biopsychosocial perspective in EHR systems. (PsycINFO Database Record
Full-body behavioral path planning in cluttered environments

Character navigation in virtual environments is traditionally approached by first planning a path in the free portion of the environment and then employing steering behaviors that reactively adapt to constraints encountered during path following. Unfortunately a shortcoming of this approach is that the path planning stage does not take into account locomotion behavior choices and trade-offs during the path computation. We propose an approach for incorporating the behavioral capabilities of the character in the path planning stage. The produced paths address trade-offs related to path length and navigation behavior for handling narrow passages. The proposed behavioral path planner uses a combination of clearance-based path planning and character geometry collision detection with the 3D environment in order to achieve results suitable for interactive navigation in cluttered environments. The resulted paths address the natural behavior of preferring paths with enough clearance for regular walking when possible, while also considering shorter paths which need a combination of collision avoidance and lateral steps to be executed.
Healthy Reading: Teaching Strategies for Integrating Health and Literacy Education

Across the world, development of health literacy skills with elementary school students improves health outcomes, reduces health risks, and increases academic success. As elementary school classroom teachers are often responsible for delivering the health curriculum to their students, this article examines ways to integrate health literacy with reading instruction. The authors describe learning experiences designed to develop knowledge and skills about nutrition and healthy eating choices in different cultural contexts. Mutual development of reading and health literacy skills leads to development of skills essential for supporting health and academic success. While the innovative strategies described here are designed in the context of U.S. classrooms, teaching health literacy in conjunction with critical literacy skills has global relevance.
Increased fibrosis and angiogenesis in subcutaneous gluteal adipose tissue in nascent metabolic syndrome.

Abstract Aims Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is globally a common disorder that predisposes to both diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). There is a paucity of data on fibrosis and angiogenesis in adipose tissue (AT) in patients with nascent MetS uncomplicated by diabetes or CVD. Hence, we assayed various indices of fibrosis and angiogenesis in subcutaneous AT (SAT). Methods In both patients with MetS and matched controls, we determined fibrosis and the densities of CD31, VEGF and Angiopoietin (Angio) 2 and 1 by immunohistochemistry in gluteal SAT. Results The fibrosis score was significantly increased in SAT of Met S. Also, both CD31 and VEGF densities were significantly increased. Surprisingly, Angio-2 was not increased and the ratio of Angio2:1 was decreased. Both indices of fibrosis and angiogenesis correlated with biomediators of inflammation. Conclusions In conclusion, we report increased fibrosis and paradoxical increased angiogenesis in gluteal SAT and speculate that the increased angiogenesis is a protective mechanism in mitigating further adipose tissue dysregulation in this depot.
Patient compliance following isolated mandibular fracture repair.

Objective Compliance with postoperative care in the maxillofacial trauma population often is considered poor. This lack of follow-up does not seem to be a function of decreased access to care but rather its anticipated lack of utilization. The goal of this study is to identify what factors are associated with increased compliance in postoperative management of mandible fractures. Study design Retrospective cohort study. Methods Using Current Procedural Terminology codes to identify maxillofacial injuries requiring operative repair, a subset of isolated mandibular fractures was identified. Age, gender, race, insurance type, travel distance, mandible fracture location, surgical approach, and complications were used as variables in univariate regression modeling to examine factors associated with compliance to postoperative care. Results Between 2010 and 2013, 344 isolated mandible fractures were identified. A total of 83.1% of patients made their first postoperative follow-up visit. Demographic data, fracture location, distance to medical center (odds ratio [OR] = 1, P = 0.75), type of repair, use of drains (OR = 1.27, P = 0.61), or nonabsorbable suture (OR = 1.44, P = 0.32) did not appear to be associated with compliance. No association between complications and postoperative compliance was observed (OR = 2.37, P = 0.17). Trends toward improved compliance were observed when evaluating insurance type and use of temporary fixation hardware. The presence of current tobacco use was found to be negatively associated with patient compliance (OR = 0.33, P Conclusion Postoperative compliance after surgical repair is better than what is currently represented in the literature. It appears that postoperative compliance is dependent on patient-related factors more so than what can be modified by the surgeon. Level of evidence 4. Laryngoscope, 127:2230-2235, 2017.