cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Predicting Client Success in Day Report Centers: The Importance of Risk and Needs Assessment

Research indicates that day report center (DRC) clients who complete their programs successfully are less likely to recidivate and tend to experience better postrelease outcomes. However, little is currently known about the predictive factors associated with successful program completion. Using a statewide sample of more than 2,000 clients drawn from 22 DRC programs in a mid-Atlantic state, this study investigates the relationship between client characteristics and case outcome (success vs. failure), and examines how the manner in which clients exited the program affected their risk of recidivism during a 24-month period following their release. The results identify several predictors of client success, of which the most powerful is offender risk based on the Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (LS/CMI). These findings contribute to an emerging literature investigating the sources of success for offenders in community corrections programs and indicate that the LS/CMI is a valid predictor of a varie...
Adipose Tissue Macrophages Function As Antigen-Presenting Cells and Regulate Adipose Tissue CD4+ T Cells in Mice

The proinflammatory activation of leukocytes in adipose tissue contributes to metabolic disease. How crosstalk between immune cells initiates and sustains adipose tissue inflammation remains an unresolved question. We have examined the hypothesis that adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) interact with and regulate the function of T cells. Dietary obesity was shown to activate the proliferation of effector memory CD4+ T cells in adipose tissue. Our studies further demonstrate that ATMs are functional antigen-presenting cells that promote the proliferation of interferon-γ–producing CD4+ T cells in adipose tissue. ATMs from lean and obese visceral fat process and present major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II–restricted antigens. ATMs were sufficient to promote proliferation and interferon-γ production from antigen-specific CD4+ T cells in vitro and in vivo. Diet-induced obesity increased the expression of MHC II and T-cell costimulatory molecules on ATMs in visceral fat, which correlated with an induction of T-cell proliferation in that depot. Collectively, these data indicate that ATMs provide a functional link between the innate and adaptive immune systems within visceral fat in mice.
Isometry theorem for the Segal–Bargmann transform on a noncompact symmetric space of the complex type

We consider the Segal–Bargmann transform on a noncompact symmetric space of the complex type. We establish isometry and surjectivity theorems for the transform, in a form as parallel as possible to the results in the dual compact case. The isometry theorem involves integration over a tube of radius R in the complexification, followed by analytic continuation with respect to R. A cancellation of singularities allows the relevant integral to have a nonsingular extension to large R, even though the function being integrated has singularities.
Assessing cumulative loss of wetland functions in the Nanticoke River watershed using enhanced National Wetlands Inventory data

The coterminous U.S. has lost more than 50% of its wetlands since colonial times. Today, wet- lands are highly valued for many functions including temporary storage of surface water, streamflow main- tenance, nutrient transformation, sediment retention, shoreline stabilization, and provision of fish and wildlife habitat. Government agencies and other organizations are actively developing plans to help protect, conserve, and restore wetlands in watersheds. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's National Wetlands Inventory Program (NWI) has produced wetland maps, digital geospatial data, and wetland trends data to aid these and other conservation efforts. Most recently, the NWI has developed procedures to expand the amount of information contained within its digital databases to characterize wetlands better. It has also developed techniques to use these data to predict wetland functions at the watershed level. Working with the states of Delaware and Maryland, the NWI applied these techniques to the Nanticoke River watershed to aid those states in developing a watershed-wide wetland conservation strategy. Wetland databases for pre-settlement and contemporary conditions were prepared. An assessment of wetland functions was conducted for both time periods and comparisons made. Before European settlement, the Nanticoke watershed had an estimated 93,000 ha of wetlands covering 45% of the watershed. By 1998, the wetland area had been reduced to 62% of its original extent. Sea-level rise and wetland conversion to farmland were the principal causes of wetland loss. From the functional standpoint, the watershed lost over 60% of its original capacity for streamflow maintenance and over 35% for four other functions (surface-water detention, nutrient transformation, sedi- ment and particulate retention, and provision of other wildlife habitat). This study demonstrated the value of enhanced NWI data and its use for providing watershed-level information on wetland functions and for assessing the cumulative impacts to wetlands. It provides natural resource managers and planners with a tool that can be applied consistently to watersheds and large geographic areas to show the extent of wetland change and its projected effect on wetland functions.
Overview of Results From the Largest Clinical Trial for Dysphagia Treatment Efficacy

Abstract Information presented herein provides an overview of the largest randomized clinical trial ever completed in dysphagia. The two-part sequential randomized clinical trial studied the effect...
Differential Activation of Mitogen-activated Protein Kinases by Nitric Oxide-related Species

Many studies have identified nitric oxide (NO) and related chemical species (NOx) as having critical roles in neurotransmission, vasoregulation, and cellular signaling. Previous work in this laboratory has focused on elucidating the mechanism of NOx signaling in cells. We have demonstrated that NOx-induced activation of the guanine nucleotide-binding protein p21(ras) leads to nuclear translocation of the transcription factor NFkappaB. Here, we investigated whether intermediary signaling elements, namely the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, are involved in mediating NOx signaling. We found that NOx activates the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38, and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) subgroups of MAP kinases in human Jurkat T cells. JNK was found to be 100-fold more sensitive to NOx stimulation than p38 and ERK. In addition, the activation of JNK and p38 by NOx was more rapid than ERK activation. Depletion of intracellular glutathione augmented the NOx-induced increase in kinase activity. Furthermore, endogenous NO, generated from NO synthase, activated ERK, and NOx-induced MAP kinase activation was effectively blocked by the farnesyl transferase inhibitor alpha-hydroxyfarnesylphosphonic acid. These data support the hypothesis that critical signaling kinases, such as ERK, p38, and JNK, are activated by NO-related species and thus participate in NO signal transduction. These findings establish a role for multiple MAP kinase signaling pathways in the cellular response to NOx.
Hospitalizations for Ambulatory Care–Sensitive Conditions: Where Do We Go From Here?

In this issue of Ambulatory Pediatrics, Agha and colleagues demonstrate that lower socioeconomic status, measured by neighborhood income, is associated with higher hospitalization rates for ambulatory care–sensitive conditions (ACSC) among children born in Toronto between 1993 and 2001. Their findings are consistent with prior research that has used census information, hospital discharge files, indices of clinician supply, and insurance claims to demonstrate a relationship between social disadvantage or limited access to health care and higher rates of ACSC hospitalization in children. Many researchers have assessed the association between social factors, delivery system characteristics, and ACSC hospitalizations over the last 10 years because the hypothesis that timely ambulatory care can prevent unnecessary hospitalizations has an intuitive appeal, and because rates of ACSC hospitalization can be easily measured from claims data. However, this research has proceeded without a critical assessment of 3 underlying assumptions about the meaning and use of ACSC: (1) that ACSC hospitalizations can in fact be prevented by timely ambulatory care; (2) that the forces associated with ACSC hospitalizations are distinct from those that affect hospitalizations for other reasons; and (3) that interventions at the level of the child, the clinic, or the delivery system as a whole can reduce the incidence of ACSC hospitalizations. Existing research does not conclusively support any of these assumptions. First, the term ambulatory care–sensitive conditions may be a misnomer. The commonly used list of ACSC in children includes acute illnesses such as pneumonia and gastrointestinal illnesses as well as chronic conditions such as asthma and seizure disorders. This list of ACSC was based on expert consensus about conditions for which early treatment might prevent hospitalizations, but little evidence supports this belief. Although some studies have found that children with ACSC hospitalizations have lower previous use of ambulatory care than children not hospitalized for these conditions, others have found similar or higher rates of ambulatory care for children later
ASSEMBLY OF LIPIDS INTO MEMBRANES IN ACANTHAMOEBA PALESTINENSIS II. The Origin and Fate of Glycerol3H-Labeled Phospholipids of Cellular Membranes

The membranes of Acanthamoeba palestinensis were studied by examination in fixed cells, and then by following the movements of glycerol-3H-labeled phospholipids by cell fractionation. Two previously undescribed structures were observed: collapsed cytoplasmic vesicles of cup shape, and plaques in food vacuole and plasma membrane similar in size to the collapsed vesicles. It appeared that the plaques formed by insertion of collapsed vesicles into membranes and/or that collapsed vesicles formed by pinching off of plaques. Fractions were isolated, enriched with nuclei, rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), plasma membrane, Golgi-like membranes, and collapsed vesicles. The changes in specific activity of glycerol-3H-labeled phospholipids in these membranes during incorporation, turnover, and after pulse-labeling indicated an ordered sequence of appearances of newly synthesized phospholipids, first in nuclei and RER, then successively in Golgi membranes, collapsed vesicles, and finally, plasma membrane. In previous work we had found no large nonmembranous phospholipid pool in A. palestinensis. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that membrane phospholipids are synthesized, perhaps as integral parts of membranes, in RER and nuclei. Subsequently, some of the newly synthesized phospholipids are transported to the Golgi complex to become integrated into the membranes of collapsed vesicles, which are precursors of the plasma membrane. Collapsed vesicles from the plasma membrane by inserting into it as plaques. When portions of the plasmalemma from food vacuoles, collapsed vesicles pinch off from their membranes and are recycled back to the cell surface.
Reliable dynamic analysis of an uncertain shear beam

In structural engineering, shear beams and their dynamic behaviour play an important role in modelling, analysis and design of various types of structures subjected to a system of dynamic loads such as wind or earthquake excitations. However, in current procedures of dynamic analysis of shear beams, the presence of uncertainty in the system’s mechanical properties and/or applied forces is not considered. In this work, a new method for dynamic modal analysis of continuous uncertain shear beams subjected to uncertain external loads is developed. First, an interval formulation is used to quantify the uncertainty present in the system’s mechanical characteristics and/or magnitude of dynamic forces. Then, having the interval parameters, the bounds on modal responses of the continuous system are obtained leading to determination of the upper bounds of total response that may be used for design purposes. An example problem that illustrates the behaviour of the method and a comparison with Monte Carlo simulations are presented. Using this new method, it has been shown that obtaining the bounds on the dynamic response of a shear beam does not require an iterative procedure such as Monte Carlo simulations.
Genotypic analyses of uropathogenic Escherichia coli based on fimH single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)

The application of genotyping techniques for subtyping uropathogenic Escherichia coli has contributed to better understanding of the epidemiology of community-acquired urinary tract infection (UTI). However, the current techniques are hampered by limited reproducibility, poor discriminatory power, labour-intensive performance or high cost. A screening test that is sequence-based would provide an inexpensive, reproducible way to subtype E. coli isolates. Such a test, if also discriminatory, would be highly useful for epidemiological studies. The discriminatory ability of 12 putative virulence genes (fimH, fliD, fliM, iha, motA, papA/H, kpsMTII, fepE, fimA, flgA, malG, purD) was evaluated based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in nine uropathogenic E. coli isolates, all previously found to belong to a single multilocus sequence type (MLST) complex (ST69). An additional 25 epidemiologically well-characterized E. coli isolates belonging to 12 distinct MLST clonal complexes were analysed for fimH SNP. None of the 12 genes except fimH were able to further discriminate the nine ST69-complex strains. Isolates belonging to the 12 non-ST69 MLST groups were separated into 10 fimH SNP subgroups. While fimH SNP analysis may not be an appropriate phylogenetic method, it offers discriminatory power similar to that of MLST and could be used as a simple, inexpensive screening test for epidemiological studies of uropathogenic E. coli.
The Influence of Risk Adjustment Methods on Conclusions About Quality of Care in Nursing Homes Based on Outcome Measures

This study compares quality rankings of about 550 nursing homes in New York State, based on several outcome measures and differing risk adjustment methods. The outcomes were decline in functional status, worsening decubiti, and prevalence of physical restraints. Measures were constructed from PRI data, which are similar to MDS data. We found substantial disagreement on quality ranking across measures due to differences in the scope of risk adjustment. Insufficient risk adjustment of outcome measures may, therefore, lead to inappropriate classification of nursing homes as either poor-quality or high-quality homes. This has implications for state quality oversight, providers' reputations and patients' choice.
Protein intakes in India

Indian diets derive almost 60 % of their protein from cereals with relatively low digestibility and quality. There have been several surveys of diets and protein intakes in India by the National Nutrition Monitoring Board (NNMB) over the last 25 years, in urban and rural, as well as in slum dwellers and tribal populations. Data of disadvantaged populations from slums, tribals and sedentary rural Indian populations show that the protein intake (mainly from cereals) is about 1 gm/kg/day. However, the protein intake looks less promising in terms of the protein digestibility corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS), using lysine as the first limiting amino acid, where all populations, particularly rural and tribal, appear to have an inadequate quality to their protein intake. The protein: energy (PE) ratio is a measure of dietary quality, and has been used in the 2007 WHO/FAO/UNU report to define reference requirement values with which the adequacy of diets can be evaluated in terms of a protein quality corrected PE ratio. It is likely that about one third of this sedentary rural population is at risk of not meeting their requirements. These levels of risk of deficiency are in a population with relatively low BMI populations, whose diets are also inadequate in fruits and vegetables. Therefore, while the burden of enhancing the quality of protein intake in rural India exists, the quality of the diet, in general, represents a challenge that must be met.
Remote image processing in a workstation environment

Advances in computer networking have opened opportunities for remote image processing, allowing processing tasks to be distributed among specialized nodes. The integrated programming environment, Davis interactive system (DAISY) provides a control panel interface on a workstation to a library of image processing applications that run on specialized remote hosts. The workstation provides an interface to a remote image display, image previews, and an image display. >
ψ-Constrained Simulations of Protein Folding Transition States: Implications for Calculating ϕ

Abstract ψ-analysis has been used to identify interresidue contacts in the transition state ensemble (TSE) of ubiquitin and other proteins. The magnitude of ψ depends on the degree to which an inserted bihistidine (biHis) metal ion binding site is formed in the TSE. A ψ equal to zero or one indicates that the biHis site is absent or fully native-like, respectively, while a fractional ψ implies that in the TSE, the biHis site recovers only part of the binding-induced stabilization of the native state. All-atom Langevin dynamics simulations of the TSE are performed with restrictions imposed only on the distances between the pairs of residues with experimentally determined ψ of unity. When a site with a fractional ψ lies adjacent to a site with ψ = 1, the fractional ψ generally signifies that the “fractional site” has a distorted geometry in the TSE. When a fractional site is distal to the sites with ψ = 1, however, the histidines sample configurations in which the site is absent. The simulations indicate that the ψ = 1 sites by themselves can be used to generate a well-defined TSE having near-native topology. ϕ values calculated from the TS simulations exhibit mixed agreement with the experimental values. The origin and implication of the disparities are discussed.
Environment- and gene-dependent human ontogenesis, sociogenesis and phylogenesis (eco-geno-onto-socio-phylogenesis).

Prevention of environment- and gene-dependent, teratogenic malfunctions (“Functional Teratogenesis”) – caused by abnormal hormone, neurotransmitter and cytokine concentrations during organization of the neuro-endocrineimmune system (NEIS) should be considered as a global challenge of outstanding relevance. By optimizing the natural and social environment and correcting in time abnormal concentrations of hormones, neurotransmitters and cytokines during the critical perinatal (pre- and early postnatal) organization period of the NEIS (“Neuro-Endocrine-Immune Prophylaxis”) human ontogenesis and sociogenesis can be decisively improved (“Primary Prevention of Maldevelopments of Human Beings and their Societies”). Finally, phylogenesis is dependent on incessant sequencies of ontogenesis and sociogenesis (“Onto-Socio-Phylogenesis”).
A Critique of Copyright Criticisms

This article endeavors to explain the nature of some copyright criticisms and expose the fallacies behind them. This article demonstrates that applying a general label of “monopoly” to what are actually only property rights, is a misleading (although rhetorically effective) tactic. Assertions claiming that creators of copyrighted works do not increase output in response to price increases are shown to be contrary to economic logic and sui generis when compared to our belief about other markets. A fascinating claim that American book producers in a highly competitive environment paid British authors (without copyright) amounts similar to what they could have earned with copyright, is shown to be a largely fanciful story.
Miss the ear, and you may miss the diagnosis.

A 52-year-old woman presented with pain, redness, and swelling in both ears, sparing the earlobes.
Coraco-clavicular joint: normal variant in humans. A radiographic demonstration in the human and non-human primate

The coraco-clavicular joint is a true synovial joint that may become painful in some patients after trauma. Among the descriptions of this entity is the assertion that the coraco-clavicular joint is routinely seen in gorillas and gibbons. We undertook to assess the incidence of this variant among gorillas, gibbons, and other non-human primates. All available radiographs of large primates performed at the International Wildlife Conservation Park/Brox Zoo (IWCP) over the past 10 years were reviewed by a musculoskeletal radiologist (human radiology). All radiographs were taken during the normal clinical care of the non-human primate population of the IWCP and are a part of each animal's clinical record. Eighty-one non-human primate radiographs were suitable for study as they contained the region of interest. The 81 radiographic examinations included 14 different species of non-human primates. The coraco-clavicular joint was seen in 4 out of 9 silver-leaf langur, 2 out of 8 lowland gorilla, and in 1 out of 6 white-handed gibbon. In all non-human primate cases where the coraco-clavicular joint occurred, it was bilateral. In 1 out of 8 mandrill, there were very wide distal clavicular ends that articulated both with the coracoid and with the acromion. The coraco-clavicular joint differs from an ossified coracoclavicular ligament. The radiographic appearance is characteristic and is found in both humans and some non-human primate species. It may rarely become painful following trauma. When symptomatic in humans, resection of this anomalous articulation is curative.
APPLICATION OF PEDIATRIC APPROPRIATE USE CRITERIA FOR OUTPATIENT EVALUATION OF SYNCOPE BY PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGISTS

Syncope is a common reason for referral to pediatric cardiologists and to perform transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). We studied the applicability of pediatric appropriate use criteria (AUC) on initial outpatient evaluation of children with syncope before and after the release of the AUC document
A note on promoting positive emergence and managing negative emergence in systems of systems

“Emergence” is a descriptive term that is gaining currency for a set of phenomena that are becoming increasingly important to understand scientifically. Recently, several works have used the context of socio-technical systems of systems to serve as a germane abstraction for characterizing emergence. In this note, we formulate conditions as a tri-layer architecture required for promoting the emergence of desired behaviors in a system of systems and managing unintended undesired effects.
Analysis of iodized salt surveillance by randomly sampling in Xinjiang from 2007 to 2012

Objective To investigate surveillance situation of iodized salt in Xinjiang from 2007 to 2013, to provide a scientific basis for further work to eliminate IDD. Methods Results of surveillance of iodized salt in cities, counties and prefectures of Xinjiang from 2007 to 2013 were analyzed. Results From 2007 to 2013, totally 191 525 samples of salt from household were detected. There were 178 805 samples of qualified iodized salt, 8 016 samples of substandard salt, and 8 394 samples of non-iodized salt. During the period of The Eleventh Five-Year to The Twelfth Five-Year of National IDD Prevention, rate of non-iodized salt decreased from 6.81% to 1.27%, while coverage rate of iodized salt increased from 93.19% to 97.33%, with elevation of qualified rate from 90.26% to 97.33% and intake rate of qualified iodized salt from 96.86% to 98.71%. There were statistical differences in the rate of non-iodized salt and qualified iodized salt(χ2=35, χ2=30, P0.01). It is the first year for the implementation of new standards in 2013.According to the determination of the new standard, the coverage rate of iodized salt was 98.43%, and the intake rate of qualified iodized salt was 93.27%. Compared with the former standard, it lowered to some degrees. Conclusions The qualified rate and coverage rate of iodized salt both elevate since 2007. And it improves in the period of The Twelfth Five-Year compared with that in The Eleventh Five-Year. However, there is a long way to go for improving the awareness of taking and buying qualified iodized salt willingly in the residents.
Variety Characters and High-yield Culture Technique of New Quality Aromatic Rice Nongxiang18

NongXiang18 was bred by Hunan Rice Research Institute,a new late-season aromatic rice variety with fine grain quality,derived from Xiangwanxian No.10 and Sanhezhan(Guangdong Rice Research Institute) through six years breeding.It has stable yie1d as that of Weiyou46(ck) and has a high grain quality meeting to the 1st class of national standards for fine quality rice.It would have broad prospect of marketing.
Mechanisms of microRNA-Mediated Gene Silencing

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small (~22 nt) regulatory RNAs that control expression of thousands of genes in plants and animals. miRNAs function by guiding Argonaute proteins to complementary sites in messenger RNAs (mRNAs) targeted for repression. We determined crystal structures of human Argonaute-2 (Ago2) bound to a defined guide RNA with and without target RNAs representing miRNA recognition sites. These structures suggest Ago2 uses a stepwise mechanism for target recognition, in which Ago2 primarily exposes guide nucleotides 2–5 for initial target pairing. Pairing to nt 2–5 promotes conformational changes that expose guide nt 2–8 and 13–16 for further target recognition. Interactions with the guide-target minor groove allow Ago2 to interrogate target RNAs in a sequence-independent manner, while an adenosine binding-pocket opposite guide nt 1 further facilitates target recognition. Three tandem tryptophan binding sites in the Ago2 PIWI domain mediate recruitment of silencing factors, ultimately leading to t...
Paradigm and Pathogenesis

During the last 15 years, David Reiss and his associates have explored ways in which the family develops and maintains its own, distinctive convictions about reality. They have focused their work on differences among families in their conceptions of the safety or danger in the world, the families’ belief about whether the world treats the family as a group or as isolated individuals, and the novelty or familiarity that the families experience in their environment. These explorations have been guided by an evolving theory of family process; currently, the most familiar concept in this theory is the notion of the family’s paradigm, which refers to the underlying assumptions about reality that, in any family, are presumed to be shared by all members. The research has used a variety of objective and quantitative methods for studying the family. The best known of these methods are laboratory, problem-solving procedures, although questionnaires, field observations, and structured interviews have also been used. This approach has aimed at understanding the family process in clinical families as well as in those who have never sought help for psychological distress or problems in relationships among members. In the course of this work, a number of important clinical phenomena have been analyzed: family correlates of psychopathology, the processes by which families engage in treatment programs, families’ support networks, and families’ response to stress.
Molecular scale studies that inform trace element sulfide evaporation and atomization behavior during coal combustion

Abstract Understanding the chemical mechanisms of trace element (TE) evolution is essential for accurate modeling of coal combustion. A novel graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) method was used to simulate the evaporation and atomization behavior of TE sulfides (arsenic, antimony and selenium) in the two distinct microenvironments that mineral inclusions and exclusions experience during the onset of coal combustion. Additional insights were obtained using thermogravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimetry (TGA-DSC). Potassium polysulfide was used as an additive to water to facilitate the dissolution of all three TE sulfides. TE sulfides in inclusions were studied by adding the test mixture to a graphite tube in a reducing (anaerobic) micro-environment whereas the TE evolution in excluded sulfide minerals was studied by blocking the graphite tube surface with an inert ZrO 2 or WO 3 coating. Arsenic sulfide, As 2 S 3 , exhibits a lower Arrhenius activation energy of atomization, E a , than that of the corresponding oxide in both mineral inclusions and exclusions, apparently because of the availability of a specific facile path to atomization. A higher E a was observed for antimony sulfide, Sb 2 S 3 , than that of the corresponding oxide from inclusions and is most likely due to its strong binding affinity to the carbon tube surface. The low GFAAS signal of selenium sulfide suggests the formation of molecular clusters, e.g., Se 2 , Se 8 or similar mixed clusters with sulfur atoms prior to vaporization, an effect not observed for selenium oxide evaporation. For all three TE sulfides, either elemental species or unstable sulfides with low sulfur content appear to be predominant in the gas phase associated with both mineral inclusions and exclusions, with TE sulfide evaporation being the rate limiting step. Comparing the GFAAS activation energy values obtained with and without the coating showed that in a reducing micro-environment (anaerobic conditions) characteristic during the initial period of combustion for mineral inclusions, carbon merely adsorbs TE sulfides without chemical reactions. Yet TGA-DSC data showed that powdered graphite may react with TE sulfides in an oxidizing micro-environment (microaerobic conditions), such as those experienced during the later period of combustion for inclusions and during the entire combustion period for exclusions thus accelerating TE evolution without making qualitative changes in the vapor composition.
Pathogenesis and Treatment of Aggressive Corticotroph Pituitary Tumors

Although the majority of corticotroph pituitary tumors are microadenomas and amenable to complete surgical resection, a subset exhibits a higher frequency of local invasiveness, tendency to recur, and potential to progress to carcinoma. Specifically, Crooke’s cell adenomas, silent corticotroph adenomas, and corticotroph tumors in the setting of Nelson’s syndrome are often more aggressive. These tumors may exhibit higher Ki-67 and/or p53 immunostaining though this is not uniform. Emerging molecular markers show promise but have not yet been validated in routine clinical use. Therapy is generally multimodal with surgical debulking to alleviate compressive symptoms, radiation therapy to prevent or delay tumor growth, and medical therapies to manage the many adverse metabolic consequences of hypercortisolism. However, many of these agents do not inhibit tumor growth and recently temozolomide, an alkylating chemotherapy agent, has been demonstrated to offer stabilization and in some instances partial and/or complete regression of these aggressive corticotroph tumors.
Cassini ISS observation of Saturn’s north polar vortex and comparison to the south polar vortex

We present analyses of Saturn’s north pole using high-resolution images captured in late 2012 by the Cassini spacecraft’s Imaging Science Subsystem (ISS) camera. The images reveal the presence of an intense cyclonic vortex centered at the north pole. In the red and green visible continuum wavelengths, the north polar region exhibits a cyclonically spiraling cloud morphology extending from the pole to 85°N planetocentric latitude, with a 4700 km radius. Images captured in the methane bands, which sense upper tropospheric haze, show an approximately circular hole in the haze extending up to 1.5° latitude away from the pole. The spiraling morphology and the “eye”-like hole at the center are reminiscent of a terrestrial tropical cyclone. In the System III reference frame (rotation period of 10h39m22.4s, Seidelmann et al. 2007; Archinal et al. 2011), the eastward wind speed increases to about 140 m s^(−1) at 89°N planetocentric latitude. The vorticity is (6.5± 1.5)×10^(−4)s^(−1) at the pole, and decreases to (1.3± 1.2)×10^(−4)s^(−1) at 89°N. In addition, we present an analysis of Saturn’s south polar vortex using images captured in January 2007 to compare its cloud morphology to the north pole. The set of images captured in 2007 includes filters that have not been analyzed before. Images captured in the violet filter (400 nm) also reveal a bright polar cloud. The south polar morphology in 2007 was more smooth and lacked the small clouds apparent around the north pole in 2012. Saturn underwent equinox in August 2009. The 2007 observation captured the pre-equinox south pole, and the 2012 observation captured the post-equinox north pole. Thus, the observed differences between the poles are likely due to seasonal effects. If these differences indeed are caused by seasonal effects, continuing observations of the summer north pole by the Cassini mission should show a formation of a polar cloud that appears bright in short-wavelength filters.
A note on the early effects of the US Presidential vote on Mexican ADR values

The vote for US President that occurred on November 8, 2016, resulted in a surprising outcome for many investors. As a result, markets reacted in the USA and other countries. This study examines the short-term changes in the valuation of Mexican firms traded in the USA as American Depository Receipts and compares those results to the changes in the S&P 500 and the change in the value of the peso versus the dollar. Results show the ADRs lost over 7.7 per cent of their value after the election results were made known the following day. This compares to a 1. 1 per cent increase in the S&P 500 index and a 6.8 per cent decrease in the value of the peso that same day.
Abstract 527: E2F1 Regulates Syndecan-4 Expression Under Hypoxia

The E2F1 transcription factor is known to activate the genes involved in cell cycle progression. However, previous results published by our laboratory showed that the E2F1 plays a crucial role in the regulation of in vivo angiogenesis in mouse hind limb ischemia model. More recently, we demonstrated that E2F1-null (E2F1-/-) mice have a significantly better heart function than wild-type (WT) animals after surgically-induced myocardial infarction (MI). E2F1 -/- mice display reduced endothelial cell (EC) apoptosis, increased EC proliferation, and enhanced angiogenesis in the infarcted heart. To gain mechanistic insights into the role of E2F1 in modulating cellular response to ischemia/hypoxia, we analyzed global gene expression (Illumina microarray) in WT and E2F1 -/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts after treatment with hypoxia (0.5% oxygen) or culture under normoxia for 8 h (n=4). The expression patterns of more than 25,000 genes were analyzed. Among the validated genes syndecan-4, a member of transmembrane proteoglycan family was highly upregulated by hypoxia in E2F1 -/- cells (p We confirmed our findings by measuring the levels of syndecan-4 expression in the hearts of WT and E2F1 -/- animals after MI. Consistently, we found that the levels of syndecan-4 expression were significantly higher in the E2F1 -/- mice than in WT mice (p Our results suggest that there exist a novel mechanism linking E2F1 and syndecan-4 to the regulation of cardiac ischemic angiogenesis.
Roads more and less traveled: Different emotional routes to creativity among Protestants and Catholics.

Western culture has 2 contradictory images of creativity: the artist as intensely emotional versus the artist as sublimator, for whom work becomes the outlet for what is repressed and denied. We show that both images are correct, but that the routes to creativity are culturally patterned, such that Catholic creatives are relatively more likely to take the emotionally intense route and Protestant creatives relatively more likely to take the sublimating route. This pattern is consistent for both the Big-C creativity of historical eminents (Studies 1 and 1b) and small-c creativity of student samples (Studies 2 and 3). The student samples also highlighted the moderating role of Protestant asceticism, as Protestants who were high in asceticism and who also repressed or minimized troublesome emotions were particularly creative. Analyses of behavioral data in previous lab experiments (Studies 2b and 3b) provided conceptual validation of the findings reported in Studies 2 and 3. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
Casein Protein Supplementation in Trained Men and Women: Morning versus Evening

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of casein supplementation (54 grams) in the morning (Casein-MOR) or evening (Casein-EVE) (90 minutes or less prior to sleep) on measures of body composition and exercise performance in trained men and women. Twenty-six healthy men and women who had been training regularly for greater than 12 months completed this 8-week study (mean±SD; Casein-MOR group [n=14, seven male, seven female]: 30.0±8.2 yr; 170.7±9.5 cm; 70.9±13.9 kg. Casein-EVE group [n=12, nine male, three female]: 28.9±9.5 yr; 172.9±7.3 cm; 72.6±10.9 kg). Subjects in each group supplemented with casein protein (54 grams) either in the morning (prior to 12:00pm) or evening (~90 minutes or less prior to sleep). Subjects were advised to not significantly alter their training program as well as to keep a diary of their workouts. Body composition was assessed via the Bod Pod®. In addition, subjects provided dietary self-reports via MyFitnessPal®. Approximately 24 daily dietary self-reports were provided from each subject that self-monitored their diet. The investigators monitored their diet throughout the study. Both the Casein-MOR and Casein-EVE groups consumed significantly more protein (post versus pre; p<0.05); however, there were no between-group differences regarding protein intake. Furthermore, there were no within- or between-group differences for any other measure. In trained subjects who did not significantly alter their training program, the addition of 54 grams of casein protein in the morning or evening had no significant effects on body composition. Furthermore, the additional consumption of protein calories did not result in an increase in fat mass despite the fact that exercise volume did not change.
Segmental Blocking in Dissimilation: An Argument for Co-Occurrence Constraints

Most contemporary work assumes that dissimilation is motivated by featural co-occurrence constraints: a process that maps /X...X/ to [X...Y] (for example) is explained by positing a ban on co-occurring [X]s (e.g. Alderete 1997, Suzuki 1998; though cf. Bennett 2015). I show how this approach can be extended to analyze the typology of segmental blocking effects in long-distance consonant dissimilation, and provide evidence from lexical statistics in support of the analysis. Preliminary results indicate that the proposed analysis makes more accurately restrictive predictions than available alternatives.
Determinants for yield and quality of zein extracted from corn gluten meal

Twelve com gluten meal samples obtained from six wet-milling plants were processed into zein. Zein was extracted using 88% aqueous isopropyl alcohol at pH 12.5, followed by chilling. Protein recovery ranged from 21.3 to 32.0%, and protein purity from 82.1 to 87.6%. Protein recovery increased as the protein purity increased, with a conrelation coefficient of r = 0.76 (p<0.01). One of the major factors influencing extraction yield was protein composition; especially a-zein content which ranged from 53.4 to 64% of the total protein in the com gluten meal samples. The intensity of red color of the com gluten meal was negatively con'elated with protein recovery and zein purity with correlation coefficients of r = 0.66 and -0.72 (p<0.02), respectively. Graduate Research Assistant, Associate Professor and Professor, respectively. Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, lA 50011. To whom correspondence should be addressed. Professor-in-Charge, Center for Crops Utilization Research, Iowa State University, Ames, lA, 50011.
Second thoughts on the final rule: An analysis of baseline participant characteristics reports on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Background ClinicalTrials.gov is valuable for aggregate-level analysis of trials. The recently published final rule aims to improve reporting of trial results. We aimed to assess variability in ClinicalTirals.gov records reporting participants’ baseline measures. Methods and findings The September 2015 edition of the database for Aggregate Analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov (AACT), was used in this study. To date, AACT contains 186,941 trials of which 16,660 trials reporting baseline (participant) measures were analyzed. We also analyzed a subset of 13,818 Highly Likely Applicable Clinical Trials (HLACT), for which reporting of results is likely mandatory and compared a random sample of 30 trial records to their journal articles. We report counts for each mandatory baseline measure and variability reporting in their formats. The AACT dataset contains 8,161 baseline measures with 1206 unique measurement units. However, of these 6,940 (85%) variables appear only once in the dataset. Age and Gender are reported using many different formats (178 and 49 respectively). “Age” as the variable name is reported in 60 different formats. HLACT subset reports measures using 3,931 variables. The most frequent Age format (i.e. mean (years) ± sd) is found in only 45% of trials. Overall only 4 baseline measures (Region of Enrollment, Age, Number of Participants, and Gender) are reported by > 10% of trials. Discrepancies are found in both the types and formats of ClinicalTrials.gov records and their corresponding journal articles. On average, journal articles include twice the number of baseline measures (13.6±7.1 (sd) vs. 6.6±7.6) when compared to the ClinicalTrials.gov records that report any results. Conclusions We found marked variability in baseline measures reporting. This is not addressed by the final rule. To support secondary use of ClinicalTrials.gov, a uniform format for baseline measures reporting is warranted.
FAT METABOLISM IN ANIMAL PARASITES

Publisher Summary This chapter describes fat metabolism in animal parasites. Many helminth parasites contain moderate or large amounts of lipids, whose composition is similar to that of other animals except for the fact that their component fatty acids tend to be very highly unsaturated. Current concepts of biosynthetic mechanisms include the hypothesis for which there is experimental support that the synthesis of saturated acids does not require oxygen but that oxygen is an essential reactant in the production of the double bonds of unsaturated acids. Thus, the unsaturated fatty acids of helminths must be obtained from the diet or be synthesized by unusual mechanisms. Experiments are described in the chapter showing that the rat cestode, Hymenolepis diminuta efficiently absorbs and incorporates into its lipids labeled fatty acids included in its diet. However, the same organism cultured in vitro by the anaerobic method of Berntzen, in a medium containing only traces of fatty acids, has been shown to contain a mixture of lipids and of saturated and unsaturated acids which are similar in nearly all respects to those found when it is cultivated in the rat.
The Benefits of Honoring Patients as Teachers: A Qualitative Study.

Introduction Medical training could not occur without the contributions of patients. Few programs are available that recognize patients for their essential role in medical education, and even fewer explore their impact. The Patients as Teachers (PaT) program was developed to provide an opportunity for medical students to formally honor patients for their contributions and to evaluate their effect on students' medical education. Methods This qualitative study involved the evaluation of transcripts of audiotaped interviews conducted with students and their honorees following participation in the PaT program in 2015 and 2016. Two different sets of authors independently examined transcripts from each year utilizing a descriptive coding strategy. Consensus was reached on theme selection and relationships between themes explored for theory development. A third author ensured grounding of the concepts in the data analyzed. Results Four themes emerged: (1) appreciating humanism in medicine, (2) expressing gratitude, (3) connecting patients and students, and (4) experiencing a unique event. Conclusion The Patients as Teachers program provides meaningful benefits to both students and patients and has the potential to infuse elements of humanism into medical training.
From Schweizerhalle to Baia Mare: The Continuing Failure of International Law to Protect Europe's Rivers

Professor Schwabach addresses the role of international environmental law in the aftermath of the January 2000 cyanide spill in Baia Mare, Romania in his article, "From Schweizerhalle to Baia Mare: The Continuing Failure of International Law to Protect Europe's Rivers." The spill, ultimately polluting waters in five countries, caused substantial short-term and long-term damage. The article emphasizes the failure of global and regional laws to protect transboundary waters from extraordinary chemical spills as well as from daily, routine activities. The article describes the Baia Mare incident, originating at a mine co-owned by a private Australian company and the Romanian government, that ultimately polluted three European rivers: the Somes, Tisza, and Danube. Professor Schwabach analyzes the treaties governing these Danube Basin rivers and Romania's apparent violation of certain treaty provisions. He emphasizes that even though treaties existed, they failed to protect against this catastrophic environmental harm. The treaties represent conventional international law. Professor Schwabach also addresses governing customary international law, which balances a nation's sovereign right to exploit natural resources lying within its boundaries against its duty to prevent harm to other nations from activities within its territory. Professor Schwabach suggests that the Danube Basin situation will improve, even considering the gross economic and political inequality within the region. However, he also cautions that other rivers are also in danger unless further international legal structures are implemented.
A Critique of the Psychology of Justice

Sufficient progress has been made in our understanding of the bases for a critical perspective to warrant a chapter that goes beyond the preliminary comments on the psychology of justice developed in the first part of this work. My intention in this chapter is twofold: to examine the ways in which pure psychology has dominated our understanding of justice and to probe the ideological consequences of this endeavor. My conclusion is clear: the psychological study of justice has uncritically adopted the empiricist, individualist, and subjectivist bases that characterize pure psychology; the work thereby has inadvertently functioned to legitimate the present configuration of society and, in deleting some of the important socioeconomic factors involved in issues of justice, has deflected our attention from effectively understanding and transforming conditions of injustice.