cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Groundwater response to snowmelt in a mountainous watershed

Abstract Snowmelt recharge to shallow groundwater systems is the primary source of streamflow in many mountainous watersheds, but characteristics of these systems are not well understood, and their contribution to streamflow is often not appreciated. Data from a detailed study on the Upper Sheep Creek Watershed located within the Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed in southwestern Idaho were analyzed to characterize the interactions between snowmelt, groundwater and streamflow. Response time between snowmelt, groundwater levels and streamflow was drastically different from year to year depending on the extent of the snowpack. Response time to snowmelt for piezometer and weirs located 135 m downslope from am isolated drift was 3–5 days during an average snow year and up to 70 days for a year with snow accumulation that was 40% of normal. The primary aquifer is believed to be unconfined during low snowmelt years and confined when normal or above-normal snowmelt causes high groundwater levels. Snowmelt from an isolated drift enters the primary aquifer upslope of the confining layer. Rapid response during years with normal snow accumulation is therefore primarily a pressure pulse through the confined aquifer. Recharge during years of low snow accumulation is insufficient to fill the primary aquifer to the confining layer,and response time is indicative of travel time through the aquifer.
When to prototype: decision variables used in industry

Abstract Prototyping continues to gain acceptance as a way to improve the development of information systems. Recent surveys indicate over 60% usage in industry. However, there exists widespread disagreement concerning the proper usage of prototyping. Specifically, the question is: ‘When should prototyping be used?’ This study is an attempt to answer this question by examining the factors used by IS managers in their decision to use prototyping. Results of the study indicate a set of variables used by practitioners. Thus, it appears that, based upon the results of this study and similar studies, a set of factors is being used by IS managers in their decision to prototype.
Ultrastructure of the crystalline inclusion induced by tobacco etch virus visualized by freeze-etching

Structural subunits of the crystalline inclusion induced by tobacco etch virus were clearly resolved when inclusions were examined both in situ and in isolated preparations by freeze-etch electron microscopy. Data supported the contention that the crystal substructure is organized into laminae and that these laminae assemble into crystals by stacking vertically. The substructure of the laminae, revealed by examining isolated inclusions, appeared to consist of a single layer of subunits packed in rectangular array. When inclusions were cross-fractured in situ , subunits were evident in rectangular and semihexagonal arrays. Based on these observations a model is proposed for the arrangement of subunits in the crystal.
Effects of ionic strength and pH on endotoxin removal efficiency and protein recovery in an affinity chromatography

Abstract In this study endotoxin was removed from hemoglobin preparations using an affinity chromatographic column. The effects of ionic strength and pH on endotoxin removal efficiency and protein recovery have been investigated. Both ionic strength and pH had significant effects on endotoxin removal from hemoglobin solutions. When the ionic strength was increased from 0 to 0.25 M, endotoxin removal efficiency was reduced from 71 to 38% (samples prepared with NaCl solutions), and from 71 to 37% (samples prepared with CaCl 2 solutions). When pH was varied from 4.5 to 9.0, endotoxin removal efficiency was reduced from 92 to 43%. However, both ionic strength and pH had very limited effects on protein recovery in the process for hemoglobin-LPS feeds as well as pure hemoglobin feeds. Hemoglobin recovery was above 94% in all cases.
State of the Art in Breast Reconstruction

In patients undergoing breast reconstruction after partial and total mastectomy, selecting the appropriate timing as well as the best method of reconstruction are essential to optimize the outcome. At M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, the timing of oncoplastic repair after partial mastectomy defects and breast reconstruction after mastectomy tends to dictate the technique for reconstruction. In patients undergoing repair of a partial mastectomy defect, immediate or delayed repair before radiation therapy allows for the use of the remaining breast tissue to perform the repair. Delayed repair after radiation therapy is usually performed with autologous fat grafting or a flap. Immediate breast reconstruction after mastectomy is preferable for patients with a low risk of requiring postmastectomy radiation therapy (XRT) (stage I breast cancer, some stage II). In patients who are deemed preoperatively to be at an increased risk of requiring XRT (stage II breast cancer), delayed-immediate breast reconstruction may provide an additional option. Delayed-delayed reconstruction may be a consideration in patients known preoperatively to require XRT (stage III breast cancer), to allow for a skin-preserving delayed reconstruction after XRT. Newer techniques for breast reconstruction after mastectomy include one-stage implant, implant-based reconstruction plus acellular dermal matrix, autologous fat grafting after negative suction applied to chest wall, and perforator-based autologous tissue flaps. Often, the decision to perform a partial or total mastectomy depends upon reconstructive issues, not oncology-related considerations. Whether to repair a partial mastectomy defect or perform a total breast reconstruction after mastectomy is one of the most critical decisions in breast reconstruction.
Flagellar hook structures of Caulobacter and Salmonella and their relationship to filament structure.

Abstract Native flagellar hooks from a polarly flagellated bacterium, Caulobacter crescentus, and polyhooks from a peritrichously flagellated bacterium, Salmonella typhimurium. have been studied by densitometry of electron micrographs of negatively stained specimens, followed by computerized Fourier analysis and three-dimensional reconstruction. The two structures are remarkably similar. In both cases, the subunits are arranged along a right-handed basic helix of 2.3 nm pitch with successive subunits separated by an azimuthal angle of 64 to 65 °, and there is a pronounced system of continuous 6-start grooves and ridges on the surface of the structures. The subunit of Salmonella (Mr 42,000, versus 70,000 for Caulobacter) is somewhat thinner and yields a smaller overall hook diameter. The “bent finger” subunit shape and orientation in both cases suggests that the hook could bend readily by a sliding motion in the 11-start direction at inner radii, with the 6-start groove preventing collision at outer radii. The basic helical pitch of the Salmonella hook structure, and the number of subunits per basic helical turn (5.56) makes it highly compatible with the Salmonella flagellar filament (2.6 nm pitch. 5.51 subunits per turn); so also does the elongated shape and tilt angle of the hook and flagellin subunits in the respective structures. The two structures may therefore conjoin directly in the intact flagellum, although participation of a minor protein is not ruled out by the data.
Whole-Genome Reciprocal BLAST Analysis Reveals that Planctomycetes Do Not Share an Unusually Large Number of Genes with Eukarya and Archaea

The genome sequences of Rhodopirellula baltica, formerly Pirellula sp. strain 1, Blastopirellula marina, Gemmata obscuriglobus, and Kuenenia stuttgartiensis were used in a series of pairwise reciprocal best-hit analyses to evaluate the contested evolutionary position of Planctomycetes. Contrary to previous reports which suggested that R. baltica had a high percentage of genes with closest matches to Archaea and Eukarya, we show here that these Planctomycetes do not share an unusually large number of genes with the Archaea or Eukarya, compared with other Bacteria. Thus, best-hit analyses may assign phylogenetic affinities incorrectly if close relatives are absent from the sequence database.
Energy efficiency in a channel model for the spiking axon

Abstract We examine the spiking axon as a communication channel. We develop a first principles channel model that encompasses the noise in the axon, which manifests itself as spike jitter, and the power consumption, which arises from the activity of the Na + –K + pump. This model enables us to examine the trade-off between the information rate and power consumption. Using parameters from the frog myelinated axon, we determine the spike rate that corresponds to the maximum energy efficiency. This spike rate is consistent with experimental observations, which suggests that neural communication may have developed to maximize energy efficiency rather than information rate alone.
Vector unpacking as a potential barrier for receptor‐mediated polyplex gene delivery

Ligand-conjugated polymer (polyplex) gene delivery vectors have strong potential as targeted, in vivo gene transfer vehicles; however, they are currently limited by low delivery efficiency. A number of barriers to polyplex-mediated delivery have been previously identified, including receptor binding, internalization, endosomal escape, and nuclear localization. However, based on understanding of viral gene delivery systems, yet another potential barrier may exist; a limited ability to unpackage the plasmid DNA cargo following localization to the nucleus. We have developed a model system that employs a cationic polymer linked to epidermal growth factor (EGF) as a ligand to target delivery of plasmid DNA encoding the green fluorescent protein to mouse fibroblasts bearing the EGF receptor. Using fluorescence microscopy to simultaneously trace both the plasmid and polymer during gene delivery in combination with an in vitro transcription assay, we provide evidence that plasmid unpackaging can indeed be a limiting step for gene expression for sufficiently large polymer constructs. Short-term expression is significantly enhanced by using short polycations that dissociate from DNA more rapidly both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we describe a thermodynamic model that supports these data by showing that shorter polycations can have a higher probability of dissociating from DNA. This work demonstrates that vector unpackaging should be added to the list of barriers to receptor-mediated polyplex gene delivery, thus providing an additional design principle for targeted synthetic delivery vehicles.
Twelve tips to promote excellence in medical teaching.

For medical teachers around the world, teaching duties have expanded beyond the classroom and include teaching small groups, assessment, providing instructional materials beyond the syllabus, problem-based learning, learner-centred teaching, clinical teaching on-the-fly—and the list goes on. Faculty development is essential to train medical faculty in essential educational theory and specific teaching skills as well as to encourage a flexible and learner-centred approach to teaching. Finally, self-reflection and critique of teaching techniques are vital to propel medical schools towards promoting and aiming for uncompromising excellence in medical education. The twelve tips described in this article relating to educating teachers, evaluating teaching and eradicating institutional apathy are simple measures that educational leaders can apply to promote excellence in teaching at their parent institutions. The tips introduce a multi- dimensional approach to improving the overall quality of medical education consisting of measures aimed at individual teachers and those aimed at overhauling the teaching climate at medical institutions.
Experimental determination of three-dimensional finite-time Lyapunov exponents in multi-component flows

We present an experimental approach for esti- mating finite-time Lyapunov exponent fields (FTLEs) in three-dimensional multi-component or multi-phase flows. From time-resolved sequences of particle images, we directly compute the flow map and coherent structures, while avoiding and outperforming the computationally costly numerical integration. Performing this operation independently on each flow component enables the deter- mination of three-dimensional Lagrangian coherent struc- tures (LCSs) without any bias from the other components. The locations of concurrent LCSs for different flow ele- ments (e.g., passive tracers, inertial particles, bubbles, or active particles) can provide new insight into the inter- penetrating FTLE structure in complex flows.
Optimal Non-Parametric System Identification From Arbitrary Corrupt Finite Time Series: A Control-Oriented Approach

In this paper we formulate and solve a control-oriented system identification problem for single-input, single-output, linear, shift-invariant, distributed parameter plants. In this problem the available apriori information is minimal, consisting only of worst-case/deterministic, time dependent, upper and lower bounds on the plant impulse response and the additive output noise. The available aposteriori information consists of a corrupt finite output time series obtained in response to a known, non-zero but otherwise arbitrary, applied input. A novel system identification method is presented for this problem. This method maps the available apriori and aposteriori information into an "uncertain model" of the plant. The resulting uncertain plant model is comprised of a nominal plant model, a bounded additive output noise, and a bounded additive model uncertainty. The upper bound on the model uncertainty is explicit, worst-case/deterministic in nature, and expressed in terms of both the l 1 and H ? system norms. Under the assumption that the available apriori information is "correct" for the underlying physical plant, the resulting uncertain plant model has the property that it not only "explains" the available aposteriori information, but will also explain all aposteniori information observed in the future. Because this property hinges on the correctness of the available apriori information, a method is also presented for developing confidence that the available apriori information is in fact correct.
Silica dust exposures during selected construction activities

This study characterized exposure for dust-producing construction tasks. Eight common construction tasks were evaluated for quartz and respirable dust exposure by collecting 113 personal task period samples for cleanup; demolition with handheld tools; concrete cutting; concrete mixing; tuck-point grinding; surface grinding; sacking and patching concrete; and concrete floor sanding using both time-integrating filter samples and direct-reading respirable dust monitors. The geometric mean quartz concentration was 0.10 mg/m3 (geometric standard deviation [GSD]=4.88) for all run time samples, with 71% exceeding the threshold limit value. Activities with the highest exposures were surface grinding, tuck-point grinding, and concrete demolition (GM[GSD] of 0.63[4.12], 0.22[1.94], and 0.10[2.60], respectively). Factors recorded each minute were task, tool, work area, respiratory protection and controls used, estimated cross draft, and whether anyone nearby was making dust. Factors important to exposure included to...
Costochondral graft construction/reconstruction of the ramus/condyle unit: long-term follow-up

This is a retrospective study of 26 patients (seven growing and 19 non-growing) who received costochondral grafts (n = 33) for construction or reconstruction of the ramus/condyle unit (RCU). Facial appearance, jaw motion, occlusion, contour, and linear growth changes were documented preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, and long-term (> 1 year). Average follow-up was 48.6 months for growing and 46.4 months for nongrowing patients. Facial asymmetry and malocclusion were successfully corrected in all patients except for those with hemifacial microsomia, where partial correction was most common. For the growing patients mean change in RCU length (n = 8) during the observation period was +3.1 mm on the constructed/reconstructed side and +3.2 mm on the unoperated side. For nongrowing patients, mean change in the RCU length (n = 25) was -5.7 mm for the reconstructed side. Three patients developed lateral contour overgrowth of the articulating surface; no patients developed clinically significant linear overgrowth with malocclusion. The results of this study indicate that a costochondral graft may be used successfully to construct/reconstruct the RCU and that linear overgrowth of the graft does not appear to be a clinical problem with the method described in this paper.
A critical assessment of cross-species detection of gene duplicates using comparative genomic hybridization

Background: Comparison of genomic DNA among closely related strains or species is a powerful approach for identifying variation in evolutionary processes. One potent source of genomic variation is gene duplication, which is prevalent among individuals and species. Array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) has been successfully utilized to detect this variation among lineages. Here, beyond the demonstration that gene duplicates among species can be quantified with aCGH, we consider the effect of sequence divergence on the ability to detect gene duplicates. Results: Using the X chromosome genomic content difference between male D. melanogaster and female D. yakuba and D. simulans, we describe a decrease in the ability to accurately measure genomic content (copy number) for orthologs that are only 90% identical. We demonstrate that genome characteristics (e.g. chromatin environment and non-orthologous sequence similarity) can also affect the ability to accurately measure genomic content. We describe a normalization strategy and statistical criteria to be used for the identification of gene duplicates among any species group for which an array platform is available from a closely related species. Conclusions: Array CGH can be used to effectively identify gene duplication and genome content; however, certain biases are present due to sequence divergence and other genome characteristics resulting from the divergence between lineages. Highly conserved gene duplicates will be more readily recovered by aCGH. Duplicates that have been retained for a selective advantage due to directional selection acting on many loci in one or both gene copies are likely to be under-represented. The results of this study should inform the interpretation of both previously published and future work that employs this powerful technique.
Complexity Analysis of Spacecraft Architectures

In this paper, the authors explore the properties of different spacecraft architectures from the standpoint of system complexity. For this study, three architectures (monolithic, fractionated and modular) are chosen. A hypothetical mission is considered and spacecraft are designed using the three architectures and analyzed with regard to their system and design complexity. We represent each design as a network of component and interactions and measure the complexity of each design using network theory metrics, which show correlation with different aspects of system complexity. In conclusion, we discuss how the design features inherent in the architectures contribute to the system and design complexity.
Are “Failing” Schools Really Failing? Using Seasonal Comparison to Evaluate School Effectiveness

To many, it seems obvious which schools are failing—schools whose students perform poorly on achievement tests. But since evaluating schools on achievement mixes the effects of school and nonschool...
Detailed 1 × 1° gravimetric Indian Ocean geoid and comparison with GEOS-3 radar altimeter geoid profiles

A new set of 1 x 1 deg mean free-air anomalies in the Indian Ocean is determined on the basis of previously published free-air anomaly maps (Talwani and Kahle, 1975) and the most recent Lamont surface ship gravity measurements. The data are then used to compute a (total) 1 x 1 deg gravimetric Indian Ocean geoid. The computation is carried out by combining the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) GEM-6 geoid and a difference geoid that corresponds to the differences between the set of 1 x 1 deg surface gravity values and the GEM-6 gravity anomalies. The difference geoid is highest over the Madagascar Ridge (+20 m) and lowest over the Timor Trough (-30 m). The total geoid is compared with GEOS-3 radar altimeter-derived geoid profiles, and geophysical implications are discussed.
Nonlinear prediction with self-organizing maps

The problem of predicting highly nonlinear time sequence data, where the usual approach using adaptive linear regressive models encounters difficulty, is considered. For this case, the use of an adaptive covering of the state space of the process with a set of linear regressive models, each of which is only locally used, is suggested. It is shown that such an adaptive covering, together with learning of the appropriate prediction coefficients, can be realized using Kohonen's algorithm of self-organizing maps. To illustrate the method, simulation results for a set of benchmarking problems are given
Lower body subcutaneous fat accumulation and diabetes mellitus risk.

Abstract Background Type II diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with obesity. However, body fat distribution plays an important role in this disease's pathogenesis. The prevailing hypothesis is that a more central distribution of adipose tissue relative to peripheral locations is associated with DM. I hypothesized that preferential accumulation of subcutaneous adipose tissue in the lower body is associated with a lesser likelihood of insulin resistance (IR) and DM than when fat accumulates in a central distribution. This is independent of the body mass index (BMI) or waist circumference. Methods Upper and lower body circumferences and skinfold thickness were related to IR and DM in 7634 adults in the Third National Health and Nutrition Survey population that underwent oral glucose tolerance testing after an overnight fast. Logistic regression and contour analyses were used to determine the effect circumference and skinfold thickness measurements had on the presence of IR or DM. The various measurements were then stratified into BMI categories to refine the contribution each factor made to these diseases further. Results Truncal subcutaneous fat correlated positively with IR and DM after correction for age and BMI. The thigh circumference and skinfold thickness correlated negatively. Regression and graphic analysis of the BMI–thigh skinfold thickness–IR relationship demonstrated that the greatest degree of IR occurred in the obese who had relatively small lower body adipose tissue depots. Those with large accumulations of lower body subcutaneous fat were less likely to have IR or DM. Conclusion The results of this study have shown that the accumulation of fat in lower body subcutaneous adipose tissue depots is associated with a lower likelihood of IR and DM than when it deposits in centrally located sites. Lower body peripheral fat may serve to buffer the effect of excess ingested energy, and central body fat may be involved in the pathogenesis of IR and DM. This effect was independent of overall adiposity in men and women and independent of waist circumference in men.
A Technology Integration Education (TIE) Model: Millennial Preservice Teachers' Motivations about Technological, Pedagogical, and Content Knowledge (TPACK) Competencies.

Nobel laureates Schultz (1971) and Becker (1964, 1993) reinvigorated the analysis of education investments. Human capital investments that improve cognitive skills for elementary and secondary stud...
8.1: Invited Paper: Achieving Near‐Correct Focus Cues in a 3D Display using Multiple Image Planes

Focus cues specify inappropriate 3d scene parameters in conventional displays because the light comes from a single surface, independent of the depth relations in the portrayed scene. We examine the efficacy of a stereo-display prototype designed to minimize these problems by using multiple image planes to present near-correct focus cues. Each eye's view is the sum of several images presented at different focal distances. Variation in focal distance is provided by either multiple beam splitters or by use of a switchable lens. The stimulus to accommodation is more consistent with the portrayed depth than with conventional displays. Compared to a normal, fixed-distance display, observers show improved stereoscopic performance in different psychophysical tasks including speed of fusing stereoscopic images. The multiple image-planes approach provides a practical solution for some shortcomings of conventional displays.
Utilization of a mobile medical van for delivering pediatric care in the bateys of the Dominican Republic

Bateys are impoverished areas of housing for migrant Haitian sugar cane workers in the Dominican Republic (DR). In these regions, preventative health care is almost non-existent, public service accessibility is limited, and geographic isolation prevents utilization of care even by those families with resources. Consequently, the development of a viable mobile system is vital to the delivery of acute and preventative health care in this region. This study evaluated an existing mobile medical system. The primary goal was to describe the population served, diseases treated, and resources utilized. A secondary goal was to determine qualitatively an optimal infrastructure for sustainable health care delivery within the bateys. Information on basic demographic data, diagnosis, chronicity of disease, and medications dispensed was collected on all pediatric patients seen in conjunction with an existing mobile medical system over a 3-month period in the DR. Health statistics for the region were collected and interviews were conducted with health care workers (HCWs) and community members on existing and optimal health care infrastructure. Five hundred eighty-four pediatric patients were evaluated and treated. Median age was 5 years (range 2 weeks to 20 years), and 53.7% of patients seen were 5 years of age or younger. The mean number of complaints per patient was 2.8 (range 0 to 6). Thirty-six percent (373) of all diagnoses were for acute complaints, and 64% (657) were chronic medical problems. The most common pediatric illnesses diagnosed clinically were gastrointestinal parasitic infection (56.6%), skin/fungal infection (46.2%), upper respiratory tract infections (URIs) (22.8%), previously undiagnosed asthma and allergies (8.2%), and symptomatic anemia (7.2%). Thirty HCWs and community members were interviewed, and all cited the need for similar resources: a community clinic and hospital referral site, health promoters within each community, and the initiation of pediatric training for community HCWs. A mobile medical system is a sustainable, efficient mechanism for delivering acute and preventive care in the Haitian bateys of the Dominican Republic. The majority of patients served were 8 years of age or younger with multiple presenting symptoms. A pediatric protocol for identifying the most appropriate drugs and supplies for mobile units in the DR can be created based upon diseases evaluated. Qualitative data from HCWs and community members identified the need for an integrative health care delivery infrastructure and community health promoters versed in pediatric care who can aid in education of batey members and monitor chronic and acute illnesses. We are planning follow-up visits to implement these programs.
Effect of Grinding, Pelleting, and Frequency of Feeding of Forage on Fat Percentage of Milk and Milk Production of Dairy Cows

Abstract Studies with lactating dairy cows were conducted to ascertain the effects of grind and pelleting of forage and frequency of feeding upon milk production and milk fat test. In Trial 1, pelleted alfalfa-fed animals declined significantly (P
Hydraulic Core Extraction : Cutting Device for Soil-Root Studies

Abstract A critical objective of belowground research is to collect and process representative soil samples. Mechanical devices have been developed to quickly take soil cores in the field; however, techniques to rapidly process large‐diameter soil cores are lacking. Our objective was to design and construct a soil extraction–cutting system that could effectively reduce processing time. Soil cores were extracted from large diameter steel core tubes using a custom hydraulic cylinder device that vertically pushes the soil core to a desired depth increment before cutting in a horizontal direction with another hydraulically driven device. As many as eight large cores per hour could be processed with this system. This system has been effectively used in processing soil samples from both agricultural and forestry sites to meet desired experimental goals.
Malignant melanoma of the penis and sentinel lymph node biopsy.

A 55-year-old man presented with ulceration of a long standing nevus on the left ventral aspect of the glans penis surrounding the meatus (fig. 1). The lesion measured 1 cm. and there was no palpable inguinal lymphadenopathy. Incisional biopsy revealed a superficial spreading melanoma with a Breslow depth of 1.68 mm. and Clark level IV invasion. Further staging with pelvic computerized tomography and chest x-ray showed no evidence of metastatic disease. The patient underwent preoperative lymphoscintigraphy with 99m technetium sulfur colloid localizing the sentinel lymph node to the right groin. Before sentinel lymphadenectomy 5 cc of isosulphan blue dye were injected into the lesion. A low inguinal incision was made, and 2 nodes containing blue dye were found in the femoral canal and retro-femoral vein locations (fig. 2). Both nodes had high counts using a gamma counter probe and partial penectomy with amputation of the glans was performed after sentinel lymphadenectomy achieving a 3 cm. skin margin of resection. Pathological study of the sentinel nodes revealed no micrometastatic disease on histology or immunoperoxidase staining and negative margins were found on the penis specimen. The patient was treated on the Sunbelt Melanoma Trial protocol, and polymerase chain reaction testing of the sentinel lymph node was positive. Our patient refused groin dissection, and at 6-month of followup with no further intervention he had no evidence of recurrence or metastases.
THE CONNECTION BETWEEN THE COMPLEX-STEP DERIVATIVE APPROXIMATION AND ALGORITHMIC DIFFERENTIATION

This paper presents improvements to the complexstep derivative approximation method which increase its accuracy and robustness. These improvements unveil the connection to algorithmic dierentiation theory. The choice between these two methods then hinges on a trade-o between ease of implementation and execution eciency. Automatic implementations for Fortran and C/C++ are presented and their relative merits are discussed. These new methods were successfully implemented in two very large multidisciplinary programs and the resulting sensitivities are shown to be as accurate as the analyses. Accuracy and ease of implementation make these tools very attractive options for sensitivity analysis.
Penile torsion correction by diagonal corporal plication sutures

Penile torsion is commonly encountered. It can be caused by skin and dartos adherence or Buck's fascia attachments. The authors suggest a new surgical approach to solve both problems. If Buck's fascia involvement is demonstrated by artificial erection then a new diagonal corporal plication suture is described to effectively solve this problem.
Classical Biological Control of the Australian Weevil Gonipterus scutellatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in California

In March 1994, Gonipterus scutellatus Gyllenhal, an Australian weevil that feeds on foliage of eucalypts, was discovered in Ventura County, CA. By the time of its discovery, the weevil was defoliating eucalypt trees in citrus orchard windrows. We imported, reared, and released a parasitoid of the weevil’s eggs, Anaphes nitens Siscaro (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). A. nitens was firmly established in several southern California counties by mid-1997 and was spreading in tandem with its host. The wasp has proven to be effective in suppressing weevil populations, killing >95% of weevil eggs, except possibly in areas where insecticides are applied to manage pests of field crops. A. nitens appears to be a promising biological control agent for G. scutellatus in California.
Electronic Structure of C28, Pa@C28, and U@C28

Electronic structure calculations, including relativistic core potentials and the spin−orbit interaction, have been carried out on the C28, Pa@C28, and U@C28 species. Excitation energies, spin−orbit splittings, the electron affinity, and the ionization potential are computed for C28. The ground state of C28 is described well by the Hartree−Fock wave functions, but other states are not. The computed electron affinity and ionization potential are similar to those of C60. Strong metal-cage binding is found for Pa@C28 and U@C28, similar to that in U(C8H8)2. The ground electronic states depend on the order of the lowest-energy cage π* and metal 5f orbitals, with (π*)1 and (π*)1(5f)1 found to be the ground electronic configurations for the two complexes. U@C28 is found to be diamagnetic.
Courts Unlikely to Enjoin NHL Lockout

When the NHL players set in motion a plan to allow their union executive board to file a disclaimer of interest, the League filed a preemptory suit in the New York District Court. Due to differences in the global hockey market and the abundance of evidence outlining player sentiment toward the NHLPA, the NHL may have succeeded in their claims where other leagues had previously failed. Fortunately or unfortunately, we will never know how this legal clash would have turned out since the two sides struck a deal, ending the lockout.
Puffin: an embedded domain-specific language for existing unstructured hydrodynamics codes

In this paper, we present Puffin, a domain-specific language embedded in C++98 for incremental adoption in existing unstructured hydrodynamics codes. Because HPC systems with heterogeneous architectures (traditional CPUs, GPUs, Xeon Phis, etc.) are becoming increasingly common, developers of existing HPC software projects need performance across multiple architectures. While Puffin is not yet complete and only supports CPU execution so far, our aim for Puffin is to provide performance portability to existing unstructured hydrodynamics simulation projects. Our preliminary results focus on two topics. First, we show what the costs of using Puffin are. Adopting Puffin has a initial cost of rewriting existing code into Puffin. Using Puffin has the ongoing costs of increased compilation times (2-3X slower) and runtime overhead (0-11% slower). Second, we show the current benefits of using Puffin and mention the potential future benefits. We show how Puffin can gradually be adopted into an existing project, by doing so with the existing test application, LULESH 2.0. We show a reduction in code length by porting code to Puffin.
Manipulation of Polistes exclamans arizonensias

Polistes exclamans arizonensis Snelling was successfully overwintered in a cage provided with stacks of cardboard interspersed with spacers. When the wasps emerged in the spring they readily nested in a 1.2×1.8×1.2-m shelter with screen on 3 sides. The wasps were fed 4th- to 6th-stage larvae of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), and provided with kraft paper torn into small bits for nesting material. A mean of 5.3 budworm larvae was rcquired for nutrition of each wasp.
Thermoelectric Cooling for Power Electronics Circuits: Modeling and Active Temperature Control

This paper discusses the modeling and application of thermoelectric cooling (TEC) in power electronics circuits. To investigate the benefits and challenges of using TEC, a temperature-dependent thermoelectric model which includes both power electronics circuits and TEC device is presented. With this model, both steady-state and small signal analyses can be carried out, and this paper is more focused on the steady-state part. For the steady-state analysis, the results have identified the allowed operation range which could be used as guidelines for system design. Also, with TEC device, the case temperature and junction temperature of power electronics switches can be dynamically controlled. Therefore, the switches' thermal cycling problem could be alleviated, and the switch lifetime and overall system reliability will be improved. Both simulation and experimental results are presented in this paper to verify the analysis.
An Elementary Analysis of the Factorization of Integers and the Determination of Primes by the Use of Integral Binary Quadratic Forms

In several previous issues of the MATHEMATICS MAGAZINE, we have disclissed the factorization of integers by the use of integral binary quadratic forms. In this paper, we analyze our previous work along with some of the modern advances in number theory in order that we may develop an elementary approach, not only for the factorization of integers, but also as an aid in the determination of primes. Before continuing, we introduce the following transformation: Let M= r1r2, where ri and r2 are any pair of integral factors of M, be an integer properly represented in form,
Scoliosis Nonfusion —A Reality Check

Nonfusion growing instrumentation is currently an important aspect of early onset scoliosis management and newer technologies to treat scoliosis without fusion hold the exciting promise of a new paradigm in spinal deformity care. Some of these technologies such as growing constructs have a sufficient track record for preliminary conclusions particularly about complications. Others, such as growth modification devices, still have limited human experience and clinical series comparing them to the natural history are essential before they become a part of standard practice. While the ideas and basic science are exciting, quality studies are needed to determine their actual role in practice.
On Dissertations: More Data

Two years ago I submitted some aggregate data to PS about time-span averages lying between graduation and completion of Ph.D. requirements in Political Science.1 These tabulations were based on the annual listings of "Doctorial Dissertations in Political Science" by the American Political Science Association.2 The following is an update and expansion on these findings. The idea was to relate departmental programs or guidelines-it is generally suggested that a period of four to five years should be sufficient for the completion of all Ph.D. requirements-to the time span that actually "lies" between graduation and the awarding of the doctorial degree.
Half-lives of He 6 , Ne 19 , and Sc m 42

The half-lives of $^{6}\mathrm{He}$, $^{19}\mathrm{Ne}$, and $^{42}\mathrm{Sc}^{m}$ have been measured as 808.1 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 2.0 msec, 17.36 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.06 sec, and 62.0 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.3 sec, respectively. The activities were formed in the $^{9}\mathrm{Be}(n,\ensuremath{\alpha})^{6}\mathrm{He}$, $^{19}\mathrm{F}(p,n)^{19}\mathrm{Ne}$, and $^{42}\mathrm{Ca}(p,n)^{42}\mathrm{Sc}$ reactions. Half-lives of $^{6}\mathrm{He}$ and $^{19}\mathrm{Ne}$ were determined by multiscaling $\ensuremath{\beta}$ rays detected in a plastic scintillator, whereas the $^{42}\mathrm{Sc}^{m}$ half-life was obtained from the decay of the $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray spectrum in a Ge(Li) detector. The $\mathrm{ft}$ values deduced for $^{6}\mathrm{He}$, $^{19}\mathrm{Ne}$, and $^{42}\mathrm{Sc}^{m}$ are, respectively, 815.7 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 4.2 sec, 1728.4 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 6.7 sec, and 14 758 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 91 sec. The values $|〈\ensuremath{\sigma}〉|$ of the Gamow-Teller matrix elements are given by, respectively, ${R}_{e}|〈\ensuremath{\sigma}〉|=2.7472\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0077, 1.6006\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0042, \mathrm{and} 0.6448\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0021$, where ${R}_{e}$ is the magnitude of the ratio of the axial to vector coupling constants appropriate for the respective complex nuclei.RADIOACTIVITY $^{6}\mathrm{He}$, $^{19}\mathrm{Ne}$, $^{42}\mathrm{Sc}^{m}$: measured ${T}_{\frac{1}{2}}$; deduced $\mathrm{ft}$ values and GT matrix elements.
Friending and Following: Applying the Rules of Professional Conduct to Social Media

The most visited social media website in the United States, Facebook, is second only to Google in terms of the number of visitors per month. In September 2011, the number of Facebook users increased to 800 million. Facebook is so popular that it is estimated that Facebook usage accounts for one out of every seven minutes of time spent online around the world. Twitter, the second-most popular social media website in the United States, has over 100 million “active” users around the world. Approximately half of these users log onto Twitter every day. In June 2011, Twitter users sent out an average of 200 million tweets per day, as compared to 65 million per day in the prior year.
The composition and dynamics of cell-substratum adhesions in locomoting fish keratocytes

Close contacts are the predominant type of cell-substratum adhesion in rapidly moving cells yet little is known about their composition and dynamics. To address these issues we have attempted to identify the molecular components of close contacts formed in rapidly moving fish epithelial keratocytes. In addition we have utilized the simple shape of keratocytes to explore the relationship between close contact formation and rapid locomotion. Beta1 integrin and talin molecules were found to be localized within a narrow rim of very close contact along the leading edge. These molecules together with vinculin were also found within small foci distributed evenly throughout the lamella, corresponding to regions of variable close contact. Alpha-actinin was found in foci within older, more posteriorly located regions of the lamella and along stress fibers. In addition to close contacts, small focal adhesion-like structures which stained positively for all antibodies tested were found at the tips of stress fibers within retracting cell margins. Interference reflection and total internal reflection microscopy of moving keratocytes showed cell-substratum contacts to be organized into distinct patterns that appear to move forwards, in concert with the leading edge. A feature common to all cells is a rim of very close contact at the leading edge. This region is specialized for the formation of new cell-substratum adhesions and is the site where patterns of close contact are generated. We have found that cell locomotion is most rapid when a uniform contact pattern is present but cell speed is progressively reduced as the contact pattern becomes more irregular. Furthermore, the local rate of lamellar extension is most rapid when underlain by regions of intermediate closeness to the substratum, but is reduced or ceases if the underlying contact is either very close or more distant, respectively. Our results suggest that close contacts and focal adhesions are related structures formed from a common hierarchy of molecular interactions. In addition the relationship between close contact formation and lamellar extension indicates a direct coupling between these two processes at the leading edge. Furthermore, we can explain the dynamic behaviour of close contacts in terms of the relative rates of trapping and release of component molecules that is initiated at the leading edge. We suggest that regulation of the molecular dynamics involved in leading edge specialization determines both the pattern of cell-substratum contacts and the net rate of actin filament assembly.
The Application of the SARIMA Model in Forcasting Month Incidence of Foodborne Diseases

Objective To explore the accessibility of the SARMA model in forcasting the trend of the monthly incidence of foodborne disease.Methods We used the incidence dates from 2004 to 2011 to build up the SARIMA model and used the date in 2011 to confirm the model and forcast the monthly trend in 2012.Results ARIMA(0,1,1)×(0,1,1)12 had the lest BIC value and had the best goodness of fit.By the white noise testing,QLB(18)=20.225(P=0.210),showing the residual error belonged to the white noisy.Conclusion SARIMA model can be used in the foodborne disease incidence fitting and forcasting.
The Morphology and Technology of Clovis Flat-Backed Cores from the Gault Site (41BL323), Texas

Blade production is recognized as a diagnostic component of Clovis lithic technology [Bradley, Bruce A., Michael B. Collins, and C. A. Hemmings 2010 Clovis Technology. International Monographs in Prehistory, Archaeological Series 17; Collins, Michael B. 1999 Clovis Blade Technology. University of Texas Press, Austin, TX; Huckell, Bruce B. 2007 Clovis Lithic Technology: A View from the Upper San Pedro Valley. In Murray Springs: A Clovis Site with Multiple Activity Areas in the San Pedro Valley, Arizona, edited by C. V. Haynes, Jr and Bruce B. Huckell. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ; Waters, Michael R., Charlotte D. Pevny, and D. L. Carlson 2011 Clovis Lithic Technology: Investigation of a Stratified Workshop at the Gault Site, Texas. Texas A&M University Press, College Station, Texas]. Clovis Blade reduction strategies have been previously documented [Bradley, Bruce A., Michael B. Collins, and C. A. Hemmings 2010 Clovis Technology. International Monographs in Prehistory, Archaeological Series ...
Improved Results of Vascular Reconstruction in Pediatric and Young Adult Patients with Renovascular Hypertension

From 1955 to 1988, 56 patients 21 years old or younger underwent surgical treatment for renovascular hypertension at our clinic. The cause of renal artery disease was fibrous dysplasia in 53 patients, Takayasu's arteritis in 2 or an arterial aneurysm in 1. Bilateral or branch renal artery disease, and extrarenal arterial disease were present in 16, 23 and 11 patients, respectively. The results of 28 patients treated from 1955 to 1977 (group 1) were compared to those of 28 patients treated from 1978 to 1988 (group 2). Hypertension was cured or improved postoperatively in 83% of the patients from group 1 and in 96% from group 2 (p = 0.07). However, this outcome was achieved through surgical revascularization in only 48% of the patients from group 1 compared to 96% from group 2 (p = 0.0002). A multivariate analysis revealed that the only significant variable related to clinical outcome was the era of treatment, which reflects the improved technical efficacy of revascularization during the last decade. Aortorenal bypass and renal autotransplantation have emerged as the preferred revascularization operations. It currently is possible to achieve amelioration of hypertension and preservation of renal function in most young patients with renal artery disease.
The Tension Between Expectations of Availability and the Reality of Availability in Hybrid Teams

The demands of the global world increasingly dictate that people travel in order to conduct work. Oftentimes, this means that team members are neither strictly here nor there. Teams such as these are hybrids, where members alternate between co-located and distributed contexts. The pervasive nature of information and communication technologies, however, continues to impose an expectation of availability on the team members even as they travel. In this paper, we take a reflexive research stance to inform our understanding of the complexities of accomplishing knowledge work within a hybrid team configuration. An illustrative case highlights issues and outcomes associated with member availability that arose during the writing of a research paper. Categorical reasons for member unavailability are identified and contrasted with the expectation of availability. We suggest that the issues and conflict we experienced may be traced to the ambiguous nature of the task and the early project phase requiring problem for mulation.