cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
2-Amino-5-chlorophenol toxicity in renal cortical slices from Fischer 344 rats: effect of antioxidants and sulfhydryl agents.

Abstract 2-Amino-5-chlorophenol is nephrotoxic through an unidentified mechanism. This study examined the in vitro toxicity of 2-amino-5-chlorophenol in renal cortical slices from Fischer 344 rats and specifically assessed induction of lipid peroxidation and depletion of renal glutathione. Renal cortical slices exposed to 0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mM 2-amino-5-chlorophenol exhibited a concentration- and time-dependent increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage. Pyruvate-directed gluconeogenesis was diminished in a concentration-dependent manner following a 90-min incubation with 0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mM 2-amino-5-chlorophenol. Lipid peroxidation was induced within 60 min by 1 mM 2-amino-5-chlorophenol in renal slices relative to control tissue. Total glutathione (GSH) levels were decreased below control values within 30 min of exposure to 0.5 and 1 mM 2-amino-5-chlorophenol. These results indicated that GSH levels were decreased prior to the appearance of increased LDH leakage and diminished membrane integrity. 2-Amino-5-chlorophenol toxicity was increased in renal slices isolated from animals pretreated with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO, 890 mg/kg ip). Pretreatment of renal slices with the phenolic antioxidant N,N′ -diphenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (DPPD, 50 μM) or the iron chelator deferoxamine did not reduce 2-amino-5-chlorophenol cytotoxicity. These results suggest that 2-amino-5-chlorophenol toxicity was not mediated through an iron-dependent mechanism. 2-Amino-5-chlorophenol cytotoxicity was reduced by a 15-min pre-incubation with 2 mM ascorbate or a 30-min preincubation with the thiol-containing agents GSH (1 mM) or dithiothreitol (1 mM, DTT). Pretreatment with GSH, DTT, or ascorbate reduced LDH leakage and lipid peroxide generation induced by 2-amino-5-chlorophenol. These results suggest that 2-amino-5-chlorophenol cytotoxicity involved free radical generation through an iron-independent mechanism. Toxicity was reduced by the presence of the antioxidant ascorbate or by addition of glutathione.
Painting on the World Wide Web : The PumaPaint project

The PumaPaint project is a web robot that allows users to create original artwork on the WWW. The site allows control of a PUMA 760 robot equipped with four paintbrushes, jars of red, green, blue and yellow paint and white paper attached to a vertical easel. Users must download a Java interface allowing interactive control of the robot. This interface contains two windows showing live camera views of the work site and various controls for connecting and disconnecting to the robot, viewing the task status and controlling the painting task. Approximately fifteen hundred unique hosts have downloaded the interface in the first four months of twenty-four hour a day operation beginning June 3, 1998. This paper describes the background of the PumaPaint project, a presentation of hardware and software detail and a discussion of the author's experiences in managing the site over the first four months of operation.
Outpatient prescribing errors and the impact of computerized prescribing.

BACKGROUND: Medication errors are common among inpatients and many are preventable with computerized prescribing. Relatively little is known about outpatient prescribing errors or the impact of computerized prescribing in this setting.
A Case for Creating an International Research Agenda for Teacher Education

Abstract The authors present an argument for the establishment of an international research base for teacher education. Four areas of teacher education activity are provided along with a discussion of several research issues within each activity area. Teacher education on an international level can be viewed through structure, program content, program personnel, and program topics. Structure refers to how teacher education programs are structured and administered. Program content is what constitutes the course of study within the program. Program personnel are the teacher educators who deliver the program. And, program topics are the issues or themes that are woven throughout the program and which represent the larger social changes desired by a country. The authors conclude with some suggestions about how to encourage the continued development of international research in teacher education.
Cost‐benefit analysis: Review of an evaluation methodology for measuring return on investment in continuing education

There is little evidence of measurement of return on investment for continuing medical education (CME) demonstrated in the current literature. The purpose of this review is to provide examples of cost-benefit analysis and evaluation methodology used to measure return on investment, and to encourage exchange on this issue among CME professionals. The information in this article was gathered from reports of learning outcome evaluations and cost-effectiveness measurements in continuing education for health care professionals, as well as cost-benefit analyses from other settings. Evaluation methods are briefly reviewed from typical evaluation of program objectives, quality of educators, and overall participant satisfaction, to the current need for evaluating the effectiveness of educational programs, to the ultimate outcome of these effects on patient health. The need for cost-benefit analysis in CME is becoming more evident in working with supporters of such medical educational activities. Presenting the actual measurement of benefits and costs of educational alternatives provides the funding decision maker and others with a comparison for the return on investment.
Resistance to herbicide and susceptibility to herbivores: environmental variation in the magnitude of an ecological trade-off

Trade-offs can maintain genetic diversity and constrain adaptation; however, their magnitude may depend on ecological factors. I considered whether resistance to the herbicide triazine in Amaranthus hybridus (Amaranthaceae) imposed the trade-off of increasing susceptibility to herbivorous insects. I grew triazine-resistant and triazine-susceptible plants under contrasting levels of light and fertilization, and quantified susceptibility to herbivores using the specialist Disonycha glabrata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and the generalist Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Resistance to triazine increased susceptibility to both species of herbivorous insects, as manifested by greater feeding preference, growth, and survival of herbivores. However, these effects were more pronounced with T. ni and for plants grown under high light. My results demonstrate the presence of a trade-off between resistance to triazine and susceptibility to herbivorous insects that may in turn impose an ecologically based fitness cost, and illustrate the potential for this cost to vary across environments.
Fatigue of Thick Steel Plates Bent to a Low R/t Ratio

Resultats d'essais de fatigue realises sur des echantillons de toles d'acier HY80 et HY100 pliees avec un faible rapport R/t. Comparaison avec les resultats obtenus sur des echantillons soudes et perspectives de remplacement des toles soudees par des toles pliees dans la construction des recipients sous pression.
Soft-Tissue Complications Associated With Distal Radius Fractures

Soft-tissue complications associated with distal radius fractures are common. Nerve injury and carpal tunnel syndrome, tendonitis and tendon rupture, intercarpal ligament injuries, compartment syndrome, infection, and complex regional pain syndrome have all been reported. These can occur because of factors intrinsic to the fracture, as well as secondary to its treatment. As management options for distal radius fractures continue to advance, an awareness of the complications can lead to improved treatment algorithms and prevention of long-term disability.
Eating Disorder Prevention Curriculum for Parents of Elementary School Children

Text: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of an eating disorder prevention curriculum aimed at the parents of elementary school children. The curriculum was presented in a series of workshops totaling four hours, and covered obesity, eating disorders, healthful nutrition and exercise, and strategies for parental support of children’s goals. Twenty-six participants representing 3 public elementary schools completed the workshops. Before, following, and three months after the intervention, participants completed an assessment measuring attitudes and behaviors regarding body image, eating, exercise, and communication with their children on these topics. Quantitative data were assessed to compare pre-intervention, post-intervention, and follow-up responses using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Due to the exploratory nature of the research, a p value of 0.10 was used to assess statistical significance. Qualitative data, in the form of freeresponse comments, were coded into categories. An increase in body satisfaction and a decrease in thoughts about food, dieting, and purging were observed following the intervention. Participants were less likely to tell their children to avoid “bad” foods following the intervention. These effects did not remain significant, however, at follow-up. The findings indicate that an eating disorder prevention program for parents has the potential to positively impact children, but longer programs or planned maintenance classes may be necessary for lasting changes. Future studies should be conducted in which the program length is expanded, and a maintenance component is added to provide ongoing practice of learned skills.
Using progressive transmission of 3D/4D geospatial information over the Internet to facilitate geovisualization in World Wind

Geospatial data are usually featured with threedimensions in space and fast evolvement with time. The delivery of a large volume of geospatial data requires a well built network environment. This fact also challenges the online visualization. In order to accelerate data transmission and rendering, progressive methods have been applied in this paper. A k-d tree structure is incorporated to construct the multi-resolution data model thus facilitating progressive transmission process. We implement the framework in a flexible disturbed system. Based on the experiment on dust simulation output, this manner is demonstrated to be an effective way to delivery geospatial data.
Delayed nerve regeneration in streptozotocin diabetic rats

Nerve regeneration across a 10-mm gap was delayed in streptozotocin diabetic rats 3 and 4 weeks after transecting the sciatic nerve. Opposite ends of each cut nerve were introduced into a silicone tube, leaving a 10-mm gap. Electron microscopy was used to evaluate the progress of regeneration in sections at 2-mm intervals across the 10-mm gap. After 3 weeks, control axons had bridged the 10-mm gap, and myelin sheaths extended for 6-8 mm. By contrast, axons and their myelin sheaths were seen no further than 2 mm from the proximal stump in diabetic animals. By 4 weeks, axons had bridged the gap in diabetics; however, they appeared immature and showed dystrophic changes. The findings suggest that although regeneration does occur in diabetic nerves, it is significantly delayed and qualitatively impaired.
A Self-Report Measure of Assertiveness in Young Adolescents.

Reported a self-report measure of adolescents' assertiveness. Items for this scale were presented to young adolescents (N = 78) and subsequently were subjected to a factor analysis that revealed factors of submissiveness, aggressiveness, and assertiveness. Teacher ratings and behavioral responses during a role-play test also were obtained and provide additional validational evidence in support of the scale. After the validational study, a small assertiveness training program was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of standard treatment procedures with this population. Results indicated that training effects were obtained and that the effects generalized to situations that had not been employed during training.
APPLICATION OF PONTRYAGIN'S MAXIMUM PRINCIPLE TO THE LUNAR ORBIT RENDEZVOUS PROBLEM

Time optimal control law for lunar orbit rendezvous validated by using the pontryagm principle
Using a Ludic Simulation to Make Learning of Middle School Space Science Fun

In this paper, the authors describe a ludic simulation designed for middle school space science and examine its use to support students' learning and motivation. The participants were 383 sixth graders and 447 seventh graders. The findings of this study showed that sixth-and seventh-graders perceived the simulation as having substantial ludic characteristics and educational value. The results indicated that having a playful experience is important for this age group and that participating in a ludic simulation can help motivate students to learn school subjects. Results also indicated that incorporating ludus into the learning experience can improve students' attitudes toward the subject matter. Implications of policy, research, and practice with regard to using ludic simulations to support classroom-based learning were discussed.
Soft tissue and bony enlargement of the mandible in an infant

An 8-week, full-term infant, with an uncomplicated delivery, presented to Childrens’ Mercy Hospital with a 3-day history of fever, irritability, and constipation. The mother had noted swelling over the right mandible and became concerned. On admission to the hospital, it was noted that the child was lethargic, but did not appear to be in any pain. The rectal temperature was lOl”F, the white blood cell count was 21,4OO/pL, hemoglobin was 10.6 g, the platelet count was 1.1 million, the sedimentation rate was 62 mm/h, and alkaline phosphatase was 466 IU. Radiographs revealed soft tissue enlargement over the right mandible, which was also enlarged (Fig 1). Periosteal enlargement of the right ribs and a pleural effusion were also noted (Fig 2). There was no involvement of the ulna or tibia. A growth chart comparison revealed a substantial drop from the 50th percentile to the 5th percentile, with no reported change in diet or stools.
Boundary Intensification of Vertical Velocity in a β-Plane Basin

Abstract The buoyancy-driven circulation of simple two-layer models on the β plane is studied in order to examine the role of beta in determining the magnitude and structure of the vertical motions forced in response to surface heating and cooling. Both analytical and numerical approaches are used to describe the change in circulation pattern and strength as a consequence of the planetary vorticity gradient. The physics is quasigeostrophic at lowest order but is sensitive to small nonquasigeostrophic mass fluxes across the boundary of the basin. The height of the interface between the two layers serves as an analog of temperature, and the vertical velocity at the interface consists of a cross-isopycnal velocity, modeled in terms of a relaxation to a prescribed interface height, as well as an adiabatic representation of eddy thickness fluxes parameterized as lateral diffusion of interface displacement. In the numerical model the lateral eddy diffusion of heat is explicitly represented by a resolved eddy fi...
Non-Linear Optical Polymers for Active Optical Devices

Progress in the field of NLO polymeric materials has been exceptionally rapid. The promise of these materials based upon measurements from organic single crystals has been translated into real properties of significant commercial value. Device prototyping activities are well underway for a host of unique designs. Device results suggest rapid transitioning of this technology to advanced systems for communications, signal processing, data storage, and optical computing.
How can Developmental Systems Theories Cope with Free Will? The importance of stress-related growth and mindfulness.

Science is in the midst of a Kuhnian paradigm shift, from causal, deterministic models to more probabilistic ones that emphasize systems approaches. In the developmental sciences, this shift has been manifesting in relational developmental systems theories (RSDTs) which that highlight multilevel analyses, interindividual differences in intraindividual change, and coaction with the context. However, systems theory is still primarily deterministic and does not readily integrate the construct of free will. Although agency is an important component in RSDTs, it is unclear how it develops. However, free will can best be seen as a developmental construct. The process of the development of free will can arise in two ways. First, life-changing encounters with major stressors can result in the development of greater self-awareness and thus greater freedom from the constraints of social conditioning. The second path is through purposive development to increase self-regulation and mindfulness. Through purposive, min...
Specificity of cognitive emotion regulation strategies: A transdiagnostic examination

Despite growing interest in the role of regulatory processes in clinical disorders, it is not clear whether certain cognitive emotion regulation strategies play a more central role in psychopathology than others. Similarly, little is known about whether these strategies have effects transdiagnostically. We examined the relationship between four cognitive emotion regulation strategies (rumination, thought suppression, reappraisal, and problem-solving) and symptoms of three psychopathologies (depression, anxiety, and eating disorders) in an undergraduate sample (N = 252). Maladaptive strategies (rumination, suppression), compared to adaptive strategies (reappraisal, problem-solving), were more strongly associated with psychopathology and loaded more highly on a latent factor of cognitive emotion regulation. In addition, this latent factor of cognitive emotion regulation was significantly associated with symptoms of all three disorders. Overall, these results suggest that the use of maladaptive strategies might play a more central role in psychopathology than the non-use of adaptive strategies and provide support of a transdiagnostic view of cognitive emotion regulation.
Humor in Long-Term Romantic Relationships: The Association of General Humor Styles and Relationship-Specific Functions with Relationship Satisfaction

This article explores the associations between general humor styles, relationship-specific humor functions, and relationship satisfaction for 103 couples (N = 206) in long-term romantic relationships. Four Actor-Partner Interdependence Models tested whether five communicative functions of humor (i.e., enjoyment, affection, let go of conflict, coping, apologize) mediated the associations between humor styles (i.e., affiliative, self-enhancing, self-defeating, aggressive) and relationship satisfaction. The enjoyment function of humor consistently mediated the relationship between positive humor styles and satisfaction. Two other functions of humor (i.e., affection, let go) also mediated the relationship between positive styles and satisfaction, but these associations were moderated by participant sex.
Activation of a cryptic gene by excision of a DNA fragment.

Abstract The cryptic bgl operon in Escherichia coli K-12 strain 1011A contains a 1.4-kilobase-pair fragment of foreign DNA within the bglF structural gene. The active allele found in its descendant strain, MK1, required the precise excision of that insertion for its activation. Molecular and genetic approaches have shown that strain 1011A possessed an active (bglR+) rather than a silent wild-type (bglR0) allele of the regulatory region and that this change was caused by a point mutation. Our model for the retention of cryptic genes (B. G. Hall, S. Yokoyama, and D. H. Calhoun, Mol. Biol. Evol. 1:109-124, 1983) suggested that the insertion might have been selected to silence a disadvantageous bglR+ allele. We examined the genealogy of strain MK1 and found that the insertion of foreign DNA was not selected for that reason, since it preceded the change to bglR+. This means that the change to bglR+ was also not selected, since the presence of the insertion would not allow expression of the operon. We have calculated the probability of isolating a bglR+ mutation by chance alone as less than 10(-8). We suggest that mutation rates estimated under the usual conditions of exponential growth may be irrelevant to the frequencies of these events under natural conditions.
Borrelia carolinensis sp. nov., a novel species of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex isolated from rodents and a tick from the south-eastern USA.

A group of 16 isolates with genotypic characteristics different from those of known species of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex were cultured from ear biopsies of the rodents Peromyscus gossypinus and Neotoma floridana trapped at five localities in South Carolina, USA, and from the tick Ixodes minor feeding on N. floridana. Multilocus sequence analysis of members of the novel species, involving the 16S rRNA gene, the 5S–23S (rrf–rrl) intergenic spacer region and the flagellin, ospA and p66 genes, was conducted and published previously and was used to clarify the taxonomic status of the novel group of B. burgdorferi sensu lato isolates. Phylogenetic analysis based on concatenated sequences of the five analysed genomic loci showed that the 16 isolates clustered together but separately from other species in the B. burgdorferi sensu lato complex. The analysed group therefore represents a novel species, formally described here as Borrelia carolinensis sp. nov., with the type strain SCW-22T (=ATCC BAA-1773T =DSM 22119T).
Selenoproteins and selenocysteine insertion system in the model plant cell system, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Known eukaryotic selenocysteine (Sec)-containing proteins are animal proteins, whereas selenoproteins have not been found in yeast and plants. Surprisingly, we detected selenoproteins in a member of the plant kingdom, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, and directly identified two of them as phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase and selenoprotein W homologs. Moreover, a selenocysteyl-tRNA was isolated that recognized specifically the Sec codon UGA. Subsequent gene cloning and bioinformatics analyses identified eight additional selenoproteins, including methionine-S-sulfoxide reductase, a selenoprotein specific to Chlamydomonas. Chlamydomonas selenoprotein genes contained selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS) elements that were similar, but not identical, to those of animals. These SECIS elements could direct selenoprotein synthesis in mammalian cells, indicating a common origin of plant and animal Sec insertion systems. We found that selenium is required for optimal growth of Chlamydomonas. Finally, evolutionary analyses suggested that selenoproteins present in Chlamydomonas and animals evolved early, and were independently lost in land plants, yeast and some animals.
Dynamic Communication in a Coarse Grained Reconfigurable Array

Coarse Grained Reconfigurable Arrays (CGRAs) are typically very efficient for a single task. However all functional units are required to perform in lock step, wasting resources and making complex programming flows difficult. Massively Parallel Processor Arrays (MPPAs) excel at executing unrelated tasks simultaneously, but limit the amount of resources dedicated to a single task. We propose an architecture with an MPPA's design flexibility and a CGRA's throughput, capable of processing and transferring data in a pre-compiled schedule, with dynamic transfers between components. Alternative interconnect strategies are compared for silicon area cost and power utilization.
Input multiplicities in nonlinear, multivariable control systems

Input multiplicities in process control occur when more than one set of manipulated parameters m can produce the desired steady state outputs c. They are directly related to the stability and desirability of any intended loop pairing of m's and c's. A chemical reactor example illustrates the phenomena.
The new muon (g-2) experiment at Brookhaven

A new measurement of the muon anomalous magnetic moment (BNL E821) aims to obtain a factor of 20 in precision over the previous CERN measurement which had an accuracy of 7.3ppm. This increase in precision will provide a sensitivity to virtual particles into the TeV mass range and opens a substantial window for the discovery of new physics beyond the standard model. The CERN measurements established the muon as a point-like lepton obeying QED with additional corrections from virtual pions. It also provided constraints on the virtual production of new particles with masses on the order of tens of GeV. By increasing the precision of this measurement by a factor of 20, the experiment will be sensitive to the single-loop radiative contribution from the W and Z bosons with an experimental error ∼ 20% of the magnitude of the effect predicted by the standard model. In addition to experimentally testing electroweak renormalization, this measurement will be sensitive to the presence of “new physics” such as muon substructure to several TeV, supersymmetric particles, an anomalous W-boson magnetic moment, aCP violating muon electric dipole moment, and other physics beyond the standard model. In several cases, the sensitivity of E821 goes well beyond that which will be available at Fermilab, LEPII or the SSC. The construction and preparation of the precision storage ring has begun at Brookhaven. Storage ring completion is anticipated in 1993 and data collection will commence in late 1994.
An automatic parallax adjustment method for stereoscopic augmented reality systems

This paper presents an automatic parallax adjustment method that considers the border effect to produce more realistic stereo images on a stereoscopic augmented reality system. Three-dimensional (3D) imaging is an emerging method of displaying three-dimensional information and providing an immersive and intuitive experience with augmented reality. However, the protruding parts of displayed stereoscopic images may be blurry and cause viewing discomfort. Furthermore, the border effect may make it difficult for an imaging system to display regions next to screen borders, even with considerable negative parallax. This paper proposes a method of automatically adjusting the parallax of displayed stereo images by analyzing the feature points in regions near screen borders to produce better stereo effects. Experimental results and a subjective assessment of human factor issues indicate that the proposed method makes stereoscopic augmented reality systems significantly more attractive and comfortable to view.
Content and Trends in Engineering Management Literature

AbstractAnalysis investigating subject content and trends in engineering management literature from 1993 to 2000 is reported. 479 articles from Engineering Management Journal and IEEE Transactions in Engineering Management were analyzed using content analysis of article subject classifications. Results indicate a consistent effort by engineering management researchers to apply technical skills in the larger context of answering the leadership and management questions facing technical organizations today. The preponderance of engineering management research in the manufacturing and services industry sectors was confirmed. These trends were identified: decreasing research attention in the subject of strategic planning; increasing research attention in the services industrial sector; and increase in the subject of innovation. Varying emphasis on the subject of total quality/quality assurance was seen throughout the time period of this research.
Laser Interactions with Optical Recording Materials

Laser-material interactions are pivotal to optical storage technology. Laser quenching and thermomagnetic processes form the memory basis for approaches based on “phase-change” materials and magneto-optical alloys respectively. Recent progress in phase-change materials indicates that compound semiconductors as well as single element materials are characterized by fast crystallization times. In this work we review, utilizing time-resolved optical and conductivity probes, the melt-kinetics and glass formation processes in Te thin films and the laser-induced crystallization of amorphous GeTe. The latter studies are complemented by x-ray diffraction and TEM analysis. Results are also presented on time-resolved Kerr rotation studies to investigate the magnetic domain formation kinetics in thermo-magnetic recording. Material research problems facing laser interactions with optical recording materials will be discussed.
Patient-derived tissue slice grafts accurately depict response of high-risk primary prostate cancer to androgen deprivation therapy

Effective eradication of high-risk primary prostate cancer (HRPCa) could significantly decrease mortality from prostate cancer. However, the discovery of curative therapies for HRPCa is hampered by the lack of authentic preclinical models. We improved upon tumorgraft models that have been shown to predict drug response in other cancer types by implanting thin, precision-cut slices of HRPCa under the renal capsule of immunodeficient mice. Tissue slice grafts (TSGs) from 6 cases of HRPCa were established in mice. Following androgen deprivation by castration, TSGs were recovered and the presence and phenotype of cancer cells were evaluated. High-grade cancer in TSGs generated from HRPCa displayed characteristic Gleason patterns and biomarker expression. Response to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) was as in humans, with some cases exhibiting complete pathologic regression and others showing resistance to castration. As in humans, ADT decreased cell proliferation and prostate-specific antigen expression in TSGs. Adverse pathological features of parent HRPCa were associated with lack of regression of cancer in corresponding TSGs after ADT. Castration-resistant cancer cells remaining in TSGs showed upregulated expression of androgen receptor target genes, as occurs in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) in humans. Finally, a rare subset of castration-resistant cancer cells in TSGs underwent epithelial-mesenchymal transition, a process also observed in CRPC in humans. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of generating TSGs from multiple patients and of generating a relatively large number of TSGs from the same HRPCa specimen with similar cell composition and histology among control and experimental samples in an in vivo setting. The authentic response of TSGs to ADT, which has been extensively characterized in humans, suggests that TSGs can serve as a surrogate model for clinical trials to achieve rapid and less expensive screening of therapeutics for HRPCa and primary CRPC.
Characterization of Parasitic Bipolar Transistors in 45 nm Silicon-on-Insulator Technology

This paper describes the importance of bipolar current gain and diode ideality factor to predictions of single-event circuit responses. It then reports on measurements of parasitic bipolar transistors in 45 nm Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) technology, and adjustments to the simulation model to match the measurements.
Frontiers of fear: immigration and insecurity in the United States and Europe

Ariane Chebel d'Appollonia's Frontiers of Fear is a valuable intervention in debates over mobility and security. Its value derives especially from her arguing against current security measures on t...
Real-Time Pedestrian Detection With Deep Network Cascades

We present a new real-time approach to object detection that exploits the efficiency of cascade classifiers with the accuracy of deep neural networks. Deep networks have been shown to excel at classification tasks, and their ability to operate on raw pixel input without the need to design special features is very appealing. However, deep nets are notoriously slow at inference time. In this paper, we propose an approach that cascades deep nets and fast features, that is both very fast and very accurate. We apply it to the challenging task of pedestrian detection. Our algorithm runs in real-time at 15 frames per second. The resulting approach achieves a 26.2% average miss rate on the Caltech Pedestrian detection benchmark, which is competitive with the very best reported results. It is the first work we are aware of that achieves very high accuracy while running in real-time.
Chloride channels in the apical membrane of normal and cystic fibrosis airway and intestinal epithelia

Cl- channels located in the apical membrane of secretory epithelia play a key role in epithelial fluid and electrolyte transport. Dysfunction of one of these channels, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), causes the genetic disease cystic fibrosis (CF). We review here the properties and regulation of the different types of Cl- channels that have been reported in airway and intestinal epithelia. We begin by describing the properties of the CFTR Cl- channel and then use those properties as a point of reference. We focused particularly on the evidence that localizes specific types of Cl- channel to the apical membrane. With that background, we assess the biological function of various Cl- channels in airway and intestinal epithelia.
STATIN INTENSITY AND OUTCOME IN PATIENTS WITH PERIPHERAL ARTERY DISEASE: INSIGHTS FROM THE TRA2P-TIMI 50 TRIAL

Statins reduce systemic CV events and are associated with lower rates of limb ischemic events in observational studies. We hypothesized that high intensity statin (HS) would be associated with greater ischemic protection relative to low intensity statin (LS) or no statin (NS) in patients with PAD.
The female as manipulator: a replication.

A replication of a crucial study in the development of Machiavellianism research which substituted female subjects for the males in the original study did not produce comparable results. The replication raises questions about the applicability of this particular attribute to females as well as some more general questions of changes in the meaning of other popular personality constructs.
Polymer precursor synthesis and characterization of YBa2Cu

We report the synthesis of $\mathrm{Y}{\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{7\ensuremath{-}x}$ prepared by a polymer precursor route. Polycrystalline single-phase materials have been produced in a porous morphology. The technique is also used to create fibers with diameters as small as several \ensuremath{\mu}m. The resistivity transitions are shown to be sharp with transition widths narrower than 1 K. Conductance fluctuations are measured in the vicinity of the superconducting transition and are consistent with three-dimensional superconductivity in the polycrystalline materials.
New Medical Therapies for Advanced Left Ventricular Dysfunction

The incidence and prevalence of congestive heart failure and dilated cardiomyopathy are increasing. As one looks to new medical therapies for advanced left ventricular dysfunction, one must first review the targets of current treatment, decipher what has been learned, and apply this analysis to new therapies.
Morals and minimalism

Leibniz has a parable about two libraries: one of a hundred different books of different worth, the other of a hundred books that are all equally perfect. It is significant that the latter consists of a hundred Aeneids. Jorge Luis Borges (trans. Eliot Weinberger) Virgil the reviser The richest and perhaps most interesting of the cliches about Virgil was his refinement. As we have seen, Virgil’s poetry was revered almost universally for its scope and versatility; its variety resembled Nature in seeming to be endless. But Nature is careless, undependable; it requires supervision, guidance, and cultivation. What it wants is refinement, and refinement was supposed to be Virgil’s specialty. Again, the tradition begins in antiquity. In Horace, Virgil’s song is described as “smooth and polished” ( molle atque facetum ). Varius Rufus, who was assigned to edit and publish the Aeneid after Virgil’s death, records that the poet composed slowly, only a few lines a day. According to Aulus Gellius, Virgil boasted of making verses after the manner and fashion of a bear. For as that beast, he said, brought forth her young formless and misshapen ( ineffigiatum informemque ), and afterwards by licking the young cub gave it form and shape ( conformaret & fingeret ), just so the fresh products of his mind were rude in form and imperfect, but afterwards by working them over and polishing them ( tractando colendoque ) he gave them a definite form and expression.
Congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis in association with solitary median maxillary central incisor: unique radiologic features.

Solitary median maxillary central incisor (SMMCI) coexists in 34%-65% of patients initially diagnosed with congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis. SMMCI, a genetic syndrome, warrants consideration for further screening because of its high prevalence of other diagnostic possibilities—specifically central defects, like nasal obstruction and hypothalamo-pituitary axis abnormalities. We report on a presentation of SMMCI with congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis which highlights the unique radiologic features and notes the relationship between these two central associated findings in the literature.
Comparison between suprapatellar and parapatellar approaches for intramedullary nailing of the tibia. Cadaveric study.

Abstract Intramedullary nailing is one viable option for treating fractures of the tibia with a short, proximal segment. For a procedure being carried out with the knee in a semi-extended position, either a suprapatellar or parapatellar approach may be used. The objective of this study is to demonstrate whether the entry point for tibia nails is obtainable through suprapatellar or parapatellar approaches and to evaluate the most frequent injuries of the knee with these two approaches. Materials and methods Paired legs from 10 fresh frozen cadavers were used. An arthroscopy was performed in each knee, documenting the status of the knee prior to the insertion of the tibia nail. In a random manner, the left or right leg underwent nailing with a suprapatellar or parapatellar approach in a semi-extended position. Fluoroscopy was utilized in each case to localize the entry point, and a tibia nail was inserted in all cases. A knee arthrotomy was then performed and the status of the following structures was assessed: patella and trochlea cartilage, tibia plateau cartilage, inter-meniscal ligament, lateral and medial meniscus, and the ACL. Results The correct fluoroscopy entry point was achieved in all of the specimens (20). Three legs (3/10) with parapatellar approach had intra-articular disruption. In legs with a suprapatellar approach, patellar cartilage and trochlea cartilage damage was found in two of the specimens, respectively. There was one specimen with cartilage damage in the parapatellar approach. There were no meniscal injuries. Partial laceration of the intermeniscal ligament was found in three of the knees for each approach. One ACL injury was found in the suprapatellar group. Mean distance from the entry point to major structures is not significantly different with either approach. (p = 0.45). Conclusions A good fluoroscopic entry point can be achieved using either the parapatellar or suprapatellar approach. The parapatellar approach for tibia nailing has similar rate of soft tissue damage compared to the suprapatellar approach. The suprapatellar approach damaged the cartilage in one-third of the cases and if cartilage injury occurs with the parapatellar approach, this is located in a low risk area.
Critical Junctures and the German Energiewende

In this chapter, Stefes analyzes how Germany’s federal government has promoted the energy transition, from the introduction of the Feed-In Tariff (FIT) Law in 1990 to the reforms of the Renewable Energy Law in 2014. A historical institutionalist account frames this analysis, showing how the FIT Law and subsequent legislation have unleashed a mutually reinforcing political and economic dynamic that has allowed a small pro-RE coalition to overcome resistance from the powerful coal and nuclear lobby. Yet he also demonstrates how opponents of the German Energiewende have time and again attempted to subvert this project through various legal and public campaigns.
You’ll spoil your dinner: Attenuating hedonic contrast in meals through cuisine mismatch

Abstract Previous research (Lahne & Zellner, 2015) has shown that hedonic contrast occurs in a multi-coursed meal such that good appetizers reduce the hedonic evaluation of an entree. This paper extends that finding by examining whether hedonic contrast between courses served in a real restaurant meal can be attenuated or eliminated through a categorical mismatch of cuisine (Italian vs Thai). Subjects ( N = 143) ate a meal in a University teaching restaurant in which the cuisine of the appetizer (soup) was manipulated so that it either matched (Italian minestrone ) or did not match (Thai tom kha ) the main course (Italian pasta aglio e olio ). Subjects reported on their affective response to the meal. When the cuisine matched, hedonic contrast occurred: good minestrone caused subjects to like the same pasta – and the entire meal – significantly less. However, when the cuisine did not match there was no evidence of contrast: good tom kha did not depress liking ratings for the pasta dish, and in fact the overall meal was rated as better with the good appetizer. Thus, hedonic contrast can be attenuated by a mismatch of cuisine category. This research has important implications for restaurants, in that it both provides further evidence that main courses may be negatively affected by appetizers that are “too good”, and that actively varying the cuisine categories of dishes between menu sections may ameliorate this effect.
LSD1 Substrate Binding and Gene Expression Are Affected by HDAC1-Mediated Deacetylation.

Lysine Specific Demethylase 1 (LSD1) catalyzes the demethylation of histone 3 to regulate gene expression. With a fundamental role in gene regulation, LSD1 is involved in multiple cellular processes, including embryonic development, cell proliferation, and metastasis. Significantly, LSD1 is overexpressed in multiple cancers and has emerged as a potential anticancer drug target. LSD1 is typically found in association with another epigenetic enzyme, histone deacetylase (HDAC). HDAC and LSD1 inhibitor compounds have been tested as combination anticancer agents. However, the functional link between LSD1 and HDAC has yet to be understood in detail. Here, we used a substrate trapping strategy to identify cellular substrates of HDAC1. Using inactive HDAC1 mutants, we identified LSD1 as an HDAC1 substrate. HDAC1 mediated deacetylation of LSD1 at K374 in the substrate binding lobe, which affected the histone 3 binding and gene expression activity of LSD1. The mechanistic link between HDAC1 and LSD1 established her...
Comparison of strategies for grading retinal images of premature infants for referral warranted retinopathy of prematurity

Purpose To determine the accuracy of identifying referral-warranted retinopathy of prematurity (RW-ROP, defined as any zone I ROP, stage 3 or worse, or plus disease) from retinal image sets using three grading protocols: a single optic disk–centered image, a set of 3 horizontal images, and a 5-image set. Methods In this secondary analysis of images from the e-ROP study, a weighted sample of 250 image sets from 250 infants (125 with RW-ROP and 125 without RW-ROP) was randomly selected. The sensitivities and specificities for detecting RW-ROP and its components from a single disk center image, along with nasal and temporal retinal images, were calculated and compared with the e-ROP grading of RW-ROP of all 5 retinal images (disk center and nasal, temporal, superior, and inferior retinal images). Results RW-ROP was identified with a sensitivity of 11.2% (95% CI, 6.79%-17.9%) using a single disk center image, with a sensitivity of 70.4% (95% CI, 61.9%-77.9%) using 3 horizontal images, and a statistically higher sensitivity of 82.4% (95% CI, 75.0%-89.0%) using all 5 images ( P = 0.002). The specificities were 100%, 86.4%, and 90.4%, respectively. For grading using 3 horizontal images, sensitivity was 14.3% for plus disease, 25% for zone I ROP, and 71.2% for stage 3 or worse compared to 40.8%, 50%, and 79.8% for grading using 5-image sets, respectively. Conclusions Both a single, disk-centered, posterior pole image and 3 horizontal images were less effective than a 5-image set in determining the presence of RW-ROP on qualitative grading by trained readers.
Effects of Financial Source Dependency on Public University Operating Efficiencies: Data Envelopment Single-Stage and Tobit Two-Stage Evaluations

Managing publicly owned universities has necessitated year after year adjustments to shifts in the dependency on alternative financing sources. The global financial crisis bought new managerial operating challenges with an accelerated decline in government funding and a quick evaporation of investment income. But, in many cases, regulatory constraints prevented offsetting tuition increases. This paper investigates how differences in university finances potentially affect operating efficiencies. The analysis uses panel data on 331 universities for academic years 2005- 2009. Because finances are only partially under the control of university management, they are treated as quasi environmental in the implementation of data envelopment estimation of efficiencies. Single stage DEA estimates are, therefore, generated with university financial environments included under one model and excluded under another model. Results are compared to a Tobit two-stage analysis in which first-stage efficiencies are used along with financial environments. Findings indicate that greater tuition dependency promotes inefficiency while increased government funding yields efficiency gains. Investment income also appears to have a slight negative effect, albeit statistically weak. Despite recent financial shocks, the results reveal public university efficiencies have improved over time.
The relationship between female sexual practices and the development of antisperm antibodies.

Objective To determine if female sexual practices are associated with the development of antisperm antibodies. Design Anonymous questionnaire. Setting Tertiary care; private practice. Patients Thirty-nine consecutive patients undergoing antisperm antibody testing; 32 responded. Interventions Cervical mucus and serum obtained at midcycle. Main Outcome Female sexual practices were found not to be related to the development of antisperm antibodies. Results The percent (44.4) of women with antisperm antibodies who practice anal intercourse was not different from the percent (35.7) without these antibodies who engage in the same practice, and the percent (94.4) of women with antisperm antibodies who practice oral intercourse was not different from the percent (92.8) without these antibodies who engage in this practice. Conclusion Female sexual practices do not appear to be related to the development of antisperm antibodies.
Opioids and Substance Abuse

Opioids are a class of medications that have been associated with potent analgesia. Used for thousands of years as effective agents to treat malignant and nonmalignant pain, opioids evolved from simple extracts and alkaloids to potent synthetic formulations employed to treat acute and chronic pain. With extending their role into treating the chronic pain syndromes, controversies arise on the proper indications of those agents questioning the balance between effective pain treatments and the liability for abuse. This chapter will explore the use of opioids and their potential for abuse as well as regulatory mechanisms to limit liability of their use.
Self-Control Versus Psychopathy: A Head-to-Head Test of General Theories of Antisociality

Self-control and psychopathy are prominent general theories of antisociality that, although present a very similar type of individual, have not often been studied in tandem, and few studies have co...