cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Changing trends in cardiac disease and cardiac surgery

The trends in cardiac surgery during the four decade or so life history of this specialty have been inexorably toward progress — a greater capacity to relieve suffering and to prolong life for patients afflicted with cardiac disease. It has been a team effort, led by a professional coalition of cardiologist, cardiac anaesthetist, cardiac pathologist and cardiac surgeon, but also with major involvement of nursing, technical and supporting specialties. As technology and capability have progressed and will continue to do so, the challenge for the future, both professionally and socio-economically, will increasingly be our capacity to deliver this demanding, sophisticated and expensive care to expanding proportions of aging individuals, creating a problem which can ultimately be met only by new knowledge and new disciplines of prevention.
Chinese Desires? Olympism and Dominance, Guangzhou and Missed Opportunity, Major Leagues and Isolation on the Pacific Rim

Understanding the situation of China's self-promotion via Olympism requires us to connect two patterns. China is successful at Guangzhou and in Beijing Games at sponsoring and competing in Olympic-style sports festivals, but also surrounded by highly popular professional team sport leagues in baseball, rugby and cricket from Japan to India. China is successful in the promotion of its new capitalist economy but is critically short of energy sources and its aggressive diplomacy in pursuit of energy by land and sea has led to confrontations from Japan to Burma and even to the US ‘pivot’ to Asia. Review of theories of situation demonstrates that while a Debord-style spectacle theory might seem to explain the sporting spectacles and a realism in the tradition of Clausewitz might seem suited to the military situation, in fact approaches to situation combining realist and constructivist elements are stronger; a Deleuzian emphasis on will to power needs to be supplemented by Weberian attention to ends and ideas. ...
The effects of lactation on energy and protein consumption, postpartum weight change and body compostion of well nourished North American women

Abstract We examined the effect of lactation on the diet, anthropametric measurements and body composition of 27 well-nourished women during their first 3 postpartum months. "Percent lactation" was estimated for each woman by constructing a scale between 100% lactation (solely breast-feeding) and 0% lactation (solely bottle-feeding) based on the amount of non-breast milk calories fed to her infant. At 12 days postpartum women weighed 6.0±4.0 kg above prepregnancy weight. They lost 2.0±2.4 kg during the 3 subsequent months on calorie intakes that averaged 2178±541 kcal/day. Anthropometric measurements decreased at sites on the trunk but not on the limbs. No changes in 24-hour urinary creatinine excretion (a reflection of lean body mass) were detected. Weight loss increased as calorie intake decreased (r=0.55, p
Psychotherapy as an adjunct to supervised fasting for obesity

Abstract This study evaluated the effect of individual and group crisis-oriented psychotherapy as an adjunct to medically supervised fasting in 72 obese patients. Individual crisis-oriented psychotherapy related significantly to successful completion of the program, to a higher percentage of excess weight lost, and to a higher percentage of patients approaching the ideal weight. The authors discuss crisis points to be anticipated in a fasting program and offer suggestions for therapeutic strategies.
High-fidelity quantum gates via analytically solvable pulses

It is shown that a family of analytically solvable pulses can be used to obtain high-fidelity quantum phase gates with surprising robustness against imperfections in the system or pulse parameters. Phase gates are important because they can implement the necessary operations for universal quantum computing. They are particularly suited for systems such as self-assembled quantum dots, trapped ions, and defects in solids, as these are typically manipulated by the transient excitation of a state outside the qubit subspace.
Rehearsal and modality effects on delayed recall of continuously presented paired associates

Number-letter pairs were presented either visually or aurally in a continuous sequence with intervals of written or spoken rehearsal. Modality effects were found only in presentation method, with no difference between written and spoken recall. Even though attention to stimulus items was assured by both written and oral rehearsal, only oral rehearsal facilitated recall. Recall was best when items were presented aurally and rehearsed orally. Therefore, oral rehearsal facilitates memory directly and is not an artifact of increased attention.
Toughening of vinyl ester resin using butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber modifiers

Abstract A common method for toughening thermoset resins is the addition of butadiene-acrylonitrile based rubber modifiers. A difficulty experienced by diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) vinyl esters (VE) compared to other thermosets is the solubility of the butadiene-acrylonitrile modifier. In this study, a miscible system was prepared by reducing the VE monomer molecular weight to 540 g/mol from industrially used monomers possessing molecular weights greater than 700 g/mol. A main objective of this study was to toughen the vinyl ester while limiting plasticization by varying rubber reactivity and concentration. All modified samples experienced a significant increase in fracture toughness with some degree of plasticization, as shown by losses in modulus and glass transition temperature ( T g ). Epoxy terminated rubber (ETBN) yielded a higher toughness than vinyl terminated rubber (VTBN) due to the difference in rubber particle formation and resulting morphology. Chemical linkage of VTBN to the vinyl ester matrix hindered complete phase separation, but helped the retention of mechanical properties when compared to ETBN.
An investigation into the effects of the counting method used on software science measurements

Professor Maurice Halstead of Purdue University first defined a set of properties of algorithms in 1972. The properties are defined in terms of the number of unique operators, unique operands, total operators, and total operands used to express the algorithm. Since 1972, independent experiments have measured various sets of algorithms and have supported Halstead's theories concerning these properties. Also, new properties have been defined and experiments performed to study them.This paper reports a study in which different methods of counting operators and operands are applied to a fixed set of 34 algorithms written in PL/I. Some properties of the algorithms vary significantly depending on the counting method chosen; other properties remain stable. Although no one counting method can be shown to be best, the results do indicate the importance of the counting method to the overall measurement of an algorithm. Moreover, the results provide a reminder of how sensitive some of the measurements are and of how careful researchers must be when drawing conclusions from software science measurements.
Effects of variations in soil water potential, depth of N placement, and cultivar on postanthesis N uptake by wheat

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of soil water potential, depth of N placement, timing, and cultivar on uptake of a small dose of labeled N applied after anthesis by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Understanding postanthesis N accumulation should allow better control of grain protein concentration through proper manipulation of inputs. Two hard, red spring-wheat cultivars were planted in early and late fall each yr of a 2-yr field experiment. Less than 1 kg N ha−1 as K 15NO3 was injected into the soil at two depths: shallow (0.05 to 0.08 m) and deep (0.15 to 0.18 m). In both years an irrigation was applied at anthesis, and injections of labeled N were timed 4, 12, and 20 days after anthesis (DAA). Soil water potential was estimated at the time of injection. Mean recovery of 15N in grain and straw was 57% of the 15N applied. Recovery did not differ between the high-protein (Yecora Rojo) and the low-protein (Anza or Yolo) cultivars. Mean recovery from deep placement was 60% versus only 54% from shallow placement (p < 0.01). Delaying the time of injection decreased mean recovery significantly from 58% at 4 DAA to 54% at 20 DAA. This decrease was most pronounced in the shallow placement, where soil drying was most severe. Regressions of recovery on soil water potential of individual cultivar x yr x planting x depth treatments were significant only under the driest conditions. Stepwise regression of 15N recovery on soil water potential and yield parameters using data from all treatments of both years resulted in an equation including soil water potential and N yield, with a multiple correlation coefficient of 0.64. The translocation of 15N to grain was higher (0.89) than the nitrogen harvest index (0.69), and showed a highly significant increase with increase in DAA. This experiment indicates that the N uptake capacity of wheat remains reasonably constant between 4 and 20 DAA unless soil drying is severe.
Free-Radical Destruction of β-Lactam Antibiotics in Aqueous Solution

Many pharmaceutical compounds and metabolites are being found in surface and ground waters, indicating their ineffective removal by conventional wastewater treatment technologies. Advanced oxidation/reduction processes (AO/RPs), which utilize free-radical reactions to directly degrade chemical contaminants, are alternatives to traditional water treatment. This study reports the absolute rate constants for reaction of three β-lactam antibiotics (penicillin G, penicillin V, amoxicillin) and a model compound (+)-6-aminopenicillanic acid with the two major AO/RP reactive species: hydroxyl radical (•OH) and hydrated electron (e−aq). The bimolecular reaction rate constants (M−1 s−1) for penicillin G, penicillin V, amoxicillin, and (+)-6-aminopenicillanic acid for •OH were (7.97 ± 0.11) × 109, (8.76 ± 0.28) × 109, (6.94 ± 0.44) × 109, and (2.40 ± 0.05) × 109 and for e−aq were (3.92 ± 0.10) × 109, (5.76 ± 0.24) × 109, (3.47 ± 0.07) × 109, and (3.35 ± 0.06) × 109, respectively. To provide a better understanding of...
Molecular systematics of polychaetes (Annelida)

Some progress has been made in the field of molecular systematics of polychaetes over the past couple of years. In particular, phylogenetic analyses of sequence data from the 18S rRNA gene have included increasing numbers of taxa, and explicit hypothesis testing of sister-group relationships is being incorporated into the most recent studies. An increasing number of analyses of relationships within polychaete groups are being undertaken, with specific inferences being drawn regarding the evolution of characters such as reproductive mode. Despite this progress, the unanswered questions regarding annelid relationships outlined by McHugh (2000, p. 1881) remain: “what are the relationships among the polychaete annelids, what group is sister to the Clitellata, what extant group is most basal on the annelid tree, and what group is sister to Annelida?” Continued expansion of taxon sampling and further combined investigation of conserved nuclear coding genes, in conjunction with rRNA genes, may help to resolve some of these issues. Furthermore, only by expanding molecular systematic studies of polychaetes to analyses of nuclear coding genes for comprehensive taxon samples will it become clear whether the lack of basal-node resolution observed in analyses of 18S rRNA reflects a rapid radiation of the group, or is a feature associated with the 18S rRNA gene itself. Genomic-level data (e.g., mitochondrial gene order) may also be informative, and the cautious use of gene copies in phylogenetic analyses may point to a root of the annelid tree.
Floating Row Covers for the Exclusion of Virus Vectors and the Effect on Disease Incidence and Yield of Cantaloupe

The effects of gloating row covers on aphid and whitefly densities in cantaloupe, Cucumis melo L. and the associated virus disease incidence and cantaloupe yield were evaluated. Reemay, Kimberly Farms Row Cover, and Agryl covers prevented aphids from feeding and delayed symptom expression of the spring viruses, zucchini yellow mosaic virus and watermelon mosaic virus 2. When weeds were controlled under the covers in spring plantings, there were significantly higher yields from plants in the covered plots. In fall plantings, Reemay prevented sweetpotato whiteflies, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), from feeding on the plants and this delayed symptom expression of disease caused by lettuce infectious yellows virus. Despite this delay, yields were not different probably because reduced light under the covers was compounded by low light conditions in late September and early October, offsetting any advantage from the delay in disease incidence. Further studies suggested that covers should be removed during the mid-vegetative period in the fall and during perfect flowering in the spring to maximize yields.
A large view of linguistic content

This essay lays out a view of linguistic content in which discourse context plays an essential role. It provides a role for sentential content by using underspecification but argues that discourse level phenomena are essential not only to determining content but even grammaticality judgments in certain cases. It is thus argued that the traditional view which separates very strictly the areas of semantics — a context insensitive notion of meaning — and pragmatics — a non linguistic notion of speaker meaning — is inaccurate. In this line of thought, the paper pays a particular attention to hidden indexicals, anaphora and tense. The necessity of taking into account discursive parameters in order to solve semantic indeterminacy in such cases is argued for.
Application of machine learning techniques to semiconductor manufacturing

The advancement of VLSI technology has reached the stage where the automation of semiconductor manufacturing has become imminent. A natural step towards this end is to apply the available expert system technology to the task of intelligent control, monitoring and diagnosis of various processes and equipment for the IC manufacturing environment. This paper gives an overview of a machine learning program (GID3) and its use in automating the knowledge acquisition needed for the construction of an expert system for controlling the Reactive Ion Etching (RIE) process in IC manufacturing. We argue the appropriateness and necessity of machine learning to circumvent the “knowledge acquisition bottleneck”. We then motivate and describe the learning algorithm we developed. The GID3 system was applied to five different projects with several SRC industrial institutions. We describe some of the application areas where an acceptable level of success was achieved by the program. The application areas include: identification of relationships between RIE process anomalies and the corresponding parameter settings, acquiring a set of rules for correcting RIE process parameters contributing to abnormal output, and knowledge acquisition for an emitter piloting advisory expert system. The main theme of this paper is to bring attention to machine learning as a useful tool in the automation of the IC manufacturing process and as an aid to engineers in interpreting and assimilating experimental results.
Functional testicular tissue does not masculinize development of the zebra finch song system

Abstract Current theories of sexual differentiation maintain that ovarian estrogen prevents masculine development of the copulatory system in birds, whereas estrogen derived from testicular androgens promotes masculine sexual differentiation of neuroanatomy and sexual behavior in mammals. Paradoxically, some data suggest that the neural song system in zebra finches follows the mammalian pattern with estrogenic metabolites of testicular secretions causing masculine development. To test whether the removal of estrogen from males during early development would prevent the development of masculine song systems, zebra finches were treated embryonically with an inhibitor of estrogen synthesis. In addition, this treatment in genetic female zebra finches induced both functional ovarian and testicular tissue to develop, thus allowing the assessment of the direct effects of testicular secretions on song system development. In males, the inhibition of estrogen synthesis before hatching had a small but significant effect in demasculinizing one aspect of the neural song system. In treated females, the song systems remained morphologically feminine. These results suggest that masculinization of the song system is not determined solely by testicular androgens or their estrogenic metabolites.
Investigation of high χ block copolymers for directed self-asssembly: Synthesis and characterization of PS-b-PHOST

Directed self assembly (DSA) of block copolymers (BCP) could enable high resolution secondary patterning via pitch multiplication from lower resolution primary lithographic patterns. For example, DSA could enable dense feature production at pitches less than 20 nm from patterns generated using 193 nm exposure tools. According to theory, microphase separation of block copolymers can only occur when the critical condition that $N >10.5 is met, where $ is the Flory Huggins interaction parameter and N is the total degree of polymerization for the block copolymer. In order to generate smaller DSA pattern pitches, the degree of polymerization of the block copolymer is reduced since this reduces the character istic length scale for the polym er (e.g. radius of gyration). Thus, as N is reduced, the effect of this reduction on $N must be balanced by increasing $ to maintain a given level of phase separation. Currently, most DSA work has focused on the use of poly(styrene)-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) copolymers whose low $ value (i.e. ~0.04) limits the practical DSA pitch using such materials to approximately 20nm. The general goal of this work has been to explore new higher $ block copolymer systems, develop DSA patterning schemes based on such materials, and test their ultimate pitch resolution. This paper discusses the synthesis and characteriza tion of poly(styrene)-b-poly(hydroxystyrene) (PS-b-PHOST) copolymers made via nitroxide mediated radical polymerization. The formation of lamellar fingerprint structures in PS-b-PHOST using solvent annealing is demonstrated. Using this fingerprint dat a, initial estimates of $ for PS-b-PHOST are made which show that it appears to be at least one order of magnitude larger than the $ for PS-b-PMMA . Finally, graphoepitaxy of self-assembled lamellar structures in PS-b-PHOST is demonstrated using SU-8 guiding patterns on cross-linked neutral underlayers. Keywords: poly(styrene)-b-poly(hydroxystyrene), block copolymer, graphoepitaxy, directed self-assembly, Flory Huggins interaction parameter
Early caregiving and physiological stress responses

Inadequate early caregiving has been associated with risks of stress-related psychological and physical illness over the life span. Dysregulated physiological stress responses may represent a mechanism linking early caregiving to health outcomes. This paper reviews evidence linking early caregiving to physiological responses that can increase vulnerability to stress-related illness. A number of high-risk family characteristics, including high conflict, divorce, abuse, and parental psychopathology, are considered in the development of stress vulnerability. Three theoretical pathways linking caregiving to physiological stress responses are outlined: genetic, psychosocial, and cognitive-affective. Exciting preliminary evidence suggests that early caregiving can impact long-term physiological stress responses. Directions for future research in this area are suggested.
Induction of hepatic CYP1A by indole-3-carbinol in protection against aflatoxin B1 hepatocarcinogenesis in rainbow trout

This study examined the significance of hepatic cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) induction in the inhibition of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-DNA adduction by indole-3-carbinol (I3C) in rainbow trout. I3C, fed prior to [3H]AFB1 exposure, provided dose-dependent inhibition of hepatic AFB1-DNA binding, which appeared to vary inversely with hepatic CYP1A-mediated ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity (r = -0.81, P = 0.051). However, 1000 ppm dietary 13C inhibited AFB1-DNA adduction without detectably inducing CYP1A protein or EROD activity. Dietary I3C was found to inhibit AFB1-DNA adduction by approximately 50%, whether [3H]AFB1 was injected ip 1, 2, 3, 5 or 7 days after the onset of I3C feeding, yet hepatic EROD activity was only transiently induced over this period and was not correlated with AFB1-DNA inhibition. Microsome-catalysed AFB1-DNA binding in vitro did correlate inversely with EROD activity in microsomes from control- and I3C-treated trout (r = -0.955, P = 0.01), but data obtained using microsomes from beta-naphthoflavone-treated trout suggest that this observation may not be indicative of a cause-and-effect relationship. I3C-mediated reduction in covalent binding was not due to I3C derivatives in the microsomal preparation or to reduced CYP protein levels, but may reflect a lower microsomal catalytic capacity for AFB1 epoxidation as a result of enzyme inactivation. In addition, the major I3C derivative found in liver, 3,3'-diindolylmethane, has been shown to be a non-competitive inhibitor of EROD, and of enzymes that catalyse AFB1 epoxidation. These findings indicate little, if any, role for CYP1A induction in the inhibition of AFB1 carcinogenicity in rainbow trout by levels of I3C likely to be encountered in cruciferous vegetables.
Orientation effects on contour interaction in the Zöllner illusion

The magnitude of the Zollner illusion was measured as a joint function of the angle of intersection between inducing and test contours and the orientation of the complete display. The intersect angle at which judgmental error was maximal varied as the display was rotated from 0 to 90 deg. An explanation of the Zollner illusion in terms of selective adaptation of neural orientation specific detectors accounts for the interactive effects of display orientation and intersect angle if it is assumed that different orientation detectors have different tuning characteristics.
Full-Time and Part-Time Subgroup Differences in Job Attitudes and Demographic Characteristics

Abstract This study examined the hypothesis that subgroups of part-timers differ from each other and from full-timers in their demographic characteristics, organizational commitment, and other job-related perceptions. Frame of reference differences and differing patterns of relationship investments are thought to account for these differences. We examined these group differences using samples of 850 full-time and 1490 part-time unionized employees. The part-time subgroups included moonlighters ( n = 142), college students ( n = 365), people providing supplemental income to their family ( n = 661), and people whose part-time job was the primary source of income for their family ( n = 556). The results indicated other demographic differences in these subgroups and indicated subgroup mean differences in several job attitudes and perceptions. Further, results of a regression analysis indicated some group differences in prediction of organizational commitment. These findings suggest that researchers must rethink the relations between work status and organizational attitudes and behavior. Research and practice implications are discussed.
High-field electron–hole wavepacket dynamics and THz emission in semiconductor quantum wells

Abstract The dynamics of electron–hole wavepackets in quantum wells under ultrafast optical excitation with and without an intense in-plane THz-frequency electric field present is explored. In the absence of the driving field, interference dominated by the 1s exciton and the 2D continuum leads to partial recurrences in the spatial wavepacket dynamics which are manifested in the time-dependent optical properties. In particular, the time-dependent optical emission is studied. When the driving field is on, a strong tunable picosecond burst of upshifted THz radiation at and above the exciton binding energy is predicted due to the coherent wavepacket dynamics.
The barriers to environmental sustainability in post‐disaster settings: a case study of transitional shelter implementation in Haiti

Disaster recovery operations that do not account for environmental sustainability (ES) risk exacerbating the impact of the disaster and hindering long-term recovery efforts. Yet aid agencies do not always consider ES. This research is a case study of the recovery that followed the 2010 earthquake in Haiti. Using timber and concrete procurement as proxies for broader post-disaster operations, research examined perceptions of ES as well as attempts at and barriers to incorporating it into programming. Identified barriers can be grouped into two categories: (1) prioritisations and perceptions within the disaster response sector that resulted in limited enthusiasm for incorporating ES into programming, and (2) structural and organisational barriers within the disaster response framework that impeded ES attempts and served as a further disincentive to incorporating ES into programming. As a result of those barriers, incorporation of ES was sporadic and inconsistent and often depended on the capacity and motivation of specific implementers.
Hydrogen-atom excitation and ionization by proton impact in the 50- to 200-keV energy region

We report results for $n=2$ and $n=3$ excitation and ionization in proton-hydrogen collisions. The calculations use a single-center (target) basis with $s$, $p$, and $d$ angular momentum states, and include all terms in the Born series. For projectile energies between 50 and 200 keV the results are in excellent agreement with recent experiments.
An energy theorem for scattering of partially coherent beams

A recent generalization of the optical cross-section theorem is applied to obtain an expression for the rate at which energy is removed by scattering and absorption from a wide class of partially coherent beams. The class of beams considered includes the outputs of many lasers.
Modulation of Pantothenate Kinase 3 Activity by Small Molecules that Interact with the Substrate/Allosteric Regulatory Domain

Summary Pantothenate kinase (PanK) catalyzes the rate-controlling step in coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthesis. PanK3 is stringently regulated by acetyl-CoA and uses an ordered kinetic mechanism with ATP as the leading substrate. Biochemical analysis of site-directed mutants indicates that pantothenate binds in a tunnel adjacent to the active site that is occupied by the pantothenate moiety of the acetyl-CoA regulator in the PanK3⋅acetyl-CoA binary complex. A high-throughput screen for PanK3 inhibitors and activators was applied to a bioactive compound library. Thiazolidinediones, sulfonylureas and steroids were inhibitors, and fatty acyl-amides and tamoxifen were activators. The PanK3 activators and inhibitors either stimulated or repressed CoA biosynthesis in HepG2/C3A cells. The flexible allosteric acetyl-CoA regulatory domain of PanK3 also binds the substrates, pantothenate and pantetheine, and small molecule inhibitors and activators to modulate PanK3 activity.
Multiphase equilibria of the binary mixture xenon + 1-decanol

Abstract Patton, C.L., Luks, K.D., 1994. Mulphase equilibria of the binary mixture xenon + 1-decanol. Fluid Phase Equilibria, 98: 201-211. Our group has previously performed liquid-liquid-vapor (11g) studies of binary systems of several solvent gases (ethane, CO 2 , N 2 O) and the homologous series of 1-alkanols. As a result of these studies, the question has arisen as to what effect the molecular nature of the solvent gas has on the llg phase equilibrium behavior. To help answer this question, the llg and solid-liquid-vapor (sig) behavior of the binary mixture of the non-polar solvent gas xenon plus the solute 1-decanol are examined. The compositions and molar volumes of the liquid phase along the llg and sig loci are detailed. In addition, liquid-vapor (Ig) equilibrium data are reported for two isotherms. The properties along the multiphase loci of xenon + 1-decanol are compared with those for the binary mixtures ethane + 1-decanol, N 2 O + 1-decanol and CO 2 + 1-decanol.
An inferential system for determination of candidate crash sites for search and rescue operations

We describe a methodology for an inferential system for the generation of crash site likelihood maps. These maps assist in the prioritization of candidate aircraft crash sites to be searched by Search and Rescue (SAR) operations. The crash site likelihood maps are created by the fusion of the knowledge and experience of experts in aircraft crash site identification, together with, among others, knowledge about weather conditions, terrain information, and aircraft models. These maps indicate the most likely areas where an aircraft may have crashed, and allow SAR operations to focus their resources in these areas first, leading to faster and more efficient rescue operations. Our approach offers the innovation of the intelligent fusion of a variety of data, information and knowledge sources to generate crash site likelihood maps.
Student Perceptions of Effectiveness of the Eight Step Preceptor (ESP) Model in the Ambulatory Setting

Background: Balancing consistently effective clinical teaching with quality patient care is a crucial challenge for ambulatory preceptors. Educators have developed frameworks of specific teaching behaviors to facilitate consistent, efficient precepting, but few have evaluated their effectiveness. We modified an existing precepting model by incorporating additional adult learning principles to create the Eight Step Preceptor (ESP) model. We then determined if students perceived faculty to be more effective teachers when they incorporated more ESP components into their precepting sessions. Purposes: The objective was to describe the association between faculty using the ESP behaviors during their precepting and medical students' satisfaction with their learning. Methods: A trained observer timed the duration of precepting sessions in a children's hospital ambulatory clinic between August and November 2001. Students rated faculty “teaching effectiveness,” and both students and observer rated whether faculty ...
The Language of Lies: A Content Analytic Approach

Past research on deception detection has demonstrated the diagnostic value of attending to verbal content (e.g., message content) over nonverbal cues (e.g., gaze aversion; Vrij, 2008). Moreover, research has also demonstrated the value of computer-based text analysis programs for distinguishing truthful from deceptive communications (Hauch, Masip, Blandon-Gitlin, & Sporer, 2012). The aim of this research is to add to the corpus of studies examining linguistic features of deceptive communications by comparing existing linguistic models (e.g., Newman, Pennebaker, Berry, & Richards, 2003) to our own approach. Based on our model, the results demonstrated that lies contain more affective words, are less detailed, and are more uncertain. Implications are discussed.
TRPA1 Mediates Mechanical Sensitization in Nociceptors during Inflammation

Inflammation is a part of the body’s natural response to tissue injury which initiates the healing process. Unfortunately, inflammation is frequently painful and leads to hypersensitivity to mechanical stimuli, which is difficult to treat clinically. While it is well established that altered sensory processing in the spinal cord contributes to mechanical hypersensitivity (central sensitization), it is still debated whether primary afferent neurons become sensitized to mechanical stimuli after tissue inflammation. We induced inflammation in C57BL/6 mice via intraplantar injection of Complete Freund’s Adjuvant. Cutaneous C fibers exhibited increased action potential firing to suprathreshold mechanical stimuli. We found that abnormal responses to intense mechanical stimuli were completely suppressed by acute incubation of the receptive terminals with the TRPA1 inhibitor, HC-030031. Further, elevated responses were predominantly exhibited by a specific subgroup of C fibers, which we determined to be C-Mechano Cold sensitive fibers. Thus, in the presence of HC-030031, C fiber mechanical responses in inflamed mice were not different than responses in saline-injected controls. We also demonstrate that injection of the HC-030031 compound into the hind paw of inflamed mice alleviates behavioral mechanical hyperalgesia without affecting heat hyperalgesia. Further, we pharmacologically anesthetized the TRPA1-expressing fibers in vivo by co-injecting the membrane-impermeable sodium channel inhibitor QX-314 and the TRPA1 agonist cinnamaldehyde into the hind paw. This approach also alleviated behavioral mechanical hyperalgesia in inflamed mice but left heat hypersensitivity intact. Our findings indicate that C-Mechano Cold sensitive fibers exhibit enhanced firing to suprathreshold mechanical stimuli in a TRPA1-dependent manner during inflammation, and that input from these fibers drives mechanical hyperalgesia in inflamed mice.
Don't “just say no” to drug testing in the workplace: Some recommendations for developing and implementing policy

The widespread use of contraband substances by organizational members continues to present policy makers with a plethora of legal, moral, and economic issues to contend with when designing and implementing a comprehensive substance abuse policy. This article addresses methods of drug testing and their relative advantages and limitations, the legal ramifications of policy decisions, including union and nonunion concerns, and the costs and benefits associated with drug testing and screening. General guidelines for the design and implementation of a substance abuse policy are offered, and it is suggested that organizations should not summarily dismiss drug testing as a vehicle for the control and elimination of contraband substances and their use in the workplace.
Epidemiology of cardiovascular malformations: The state of the art

A historical review highlights an interest in the etiology of birth defects over the course of several centuries and recalls specific hypotheses on the origin of cardiovascular defects postulated 60 years ago. The “State of the Art” of the epidemiology of cardiovascular malformations is characterized by an expanding base of knowledge which holds promise for eventual preventive interventions. Epidemiologic investigations conducted in the past decade have led to an increased understanding of the benefits and problems of studies of populations and of methodologic issues in surveillance of disease and study of risk factors. Comparative evaluations of reported studies to an ongoing population-based case-control investigation (the Baltimore-Washington Infant Study) demonstrate variations in prevalence by time and place, evidence for a strong genetic predisposition to cardiac maldevelopment and new hypotheses regarding environmental risks in the home and place of occupation.
Mechanism of thio acid/azide amidation

A combined experimental and computational mechanistic study of amide formation from thio acids and azides is described. The data support two distinct mechanistic pathways dependent on the electronic character of the azide component. Relatively electron-rich azides undergo bimolecular coupling with thiocarboxylates via an anion-accelerated [3+2] cycloaddition to give a thiatriazoline. Highly electron-poor azides couple via bimolecular union of the terminal nitrogen of the azide with sulfur of the thiocarboxylate to give a linear adduct. Cyclization of this intermediate gives a thiatriazoline. Decomposition to amide is found to proceed via retro-[3+2] cycloaddition of the neutral thiatriazoline intermediates. Computational analysis (DFT, 6-31+G(d)) identified pathways by which both classes of azide undergo [3+2] cycloaddition with thio acid to give thiatriazoline intermediates, although these paths are higher in energy than the thiocarboxylate amidations. These studies also establish that the reaction profile of electron-poor azides is attributable to a prior capture mechanism followed by intramolecular acylation.
Recent progress in understanding apolipoprotein B.

For the past 5 years, investigators from many different laboratories have contributed to a greatly increased understanding of two very important lipid-carrying proteins in plasma--apo B-100 and apo B-48. Apo B-100, an extremely large protein composed of 4,536 amino acids, is synthesized by the liver and is crucial for the assembly of triglyceride-rich VLDL particles. Apo B-100 is virtually the only protein of LDL, a cholesteryl ester-enriched class of lipoproteins that are metabolic products of VLDL. The apo B-100 of LDL serves as a ligand for the LDL receptor-mediated uptake of LDL particles by the liver and extrahepatic tissues. The LDL receptor-binding region of apo B-100 is located in the carboxyterminal portion of the molecule, whereas its lipid-binding regions appear to be broadly dispersed throughout its length. Apo B-48 contains the amino-terminal 2,152 amino acids of apo B-100 and is produced by the intestine as a result of editing of a single nucleotide of the apo B mRNA, which changes the codon...
Phosphorus mineralization potentials in acid organic soils: Processes affecting 32PO43− isotope dilution measurements

Abstract The 32 PO 4 3− isotope dilution technique was used to measure the mineralization of native soil organic P (P o ) in acid organic soils from the North Carolina coastal plain (U.S.A.). Regardless of the method used to label soils with 32 PO 4 3− , or the length of the equilibration period, isotopic equilibrium was not achieved between acid-fluoridc (AF)-extractable and CHCl 3 -labile microbial 32 PO 4 3− -P (P i ) fractions, where CHCl 3 -labile microbial P i is defined as the increase in AF-extractable P i following an 18 h CHCl 3 -fumigation treatment. Isotope dilution of AF-extractable P i consistently underestimated isotope dilution measured in CHCl 3 -labile microbial P i , or in the sum of AF-extractable + CHCl 3 -labile microbial P i . Microbial turnover released 32 PO 4 3− with a specific activity (sp. act.) greater than that measured in cither AF-extractable or CHCl 3 -labile microbial P i and resulted in significant increases in the sp. act. of AF-extractable P i . To avoid these problems, we used isotope dilution in the sum of AF-extractable + CHCl 3 -labile microbial P i to estimate the net transfer of unlabeled 32 PO 4 3− from soil organic matter through both extractable and microbial pools. With this technique, a five-fold difference in P mineralization rates was observed between two soils known to differ in P availability.
Assessment of 412nm bio-optical reflectance estimator for use in atmospheric correction

In this paper, we explore the performance of a bio-optical model used to estimate the water leaving radiance at 412nm and under what conditions this constraint can improve retrieval of water leaving radiances in the VIS and NIR channels. We first demonstrate that the bio-optical model performance is well modeled by Hydrolight simulations under coastal water conditions and is particularly suitable for coastal waters and that the 412nm estimator is well correlated to insitu measurements from SeaBASS. We then show that unlike prior uses, the bio-optical estimator can also be used not only to improve retrieval for absorbing aerosols but can be used to improve retrieval errors when regional aerosol models are not included. Furthermore, we explore the optimal a-posteri correction and show that the original n=6 coefficient used for aloft absorbing aerosols may need to be refined.
CBP-Mediated FOXO-1 Acetylation Inhibits Pancreatic Tumor Growth by Targeting SirT

Here we investigated the potential mechanism of capsaicin-mediated apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Capsaicin treatment phosphorylated JNK, FOXO1 and BIM in BxPC-3, AsPC-1 and L3.6PL cells. The expression of BIM increased in response to capsaicin treatment. Capsaicin treatment caused cleavage of caspase-3and PARP indicating apoptosis. Antioxidants tiron and PEG-catalase blocked capsaicin-mediated JNK/FOXO/BIM activation and protected the cells from apoptosis. Furthermore, capsaicin treatment caused a steady increase in the nuclear expression of FOXO-1 leading to increased DNA binding. Capsaicin-mediated expression of BIM was found to be directly dependent on the acetylation of FOXO-1. The expression of CBP was increased whereas SirT-1was reduced by capsaicin treatment. Using acetylation mimic or defective mutants, our result demonstrated that phosphorylation of FOXO-1 was mediated through acetylation by capsaicin treatment. JNK inhibitor attenuated the phosphorylation of FOXO-1, activation of BIM and abrogated capsaicin-induced apoptosis. Moreover, silencing FOXO1 by siRNA blocked capsaicin-mediated activation of BIM and apoptosis whereas overexpression of FOXO-1augmented its effects. Silencing Bim drastically reduced capsaicin-mediated cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP, indicating the role of BIM in apoptosis. Oral administration of 5mg/kg capsaicin substantially suppressed the growth of BxPC-3 tumor xenografts in athymic nude mice. Tumors from capsaicin-treated mice showed an increase in the phosphorylation of JNK, FOXO-1, BIM, and levels of CBP, cleavage of caspase-3, PARP and decreased SirT-1 expression. Taken together, our results suggest that capsaicin activated JNK and FOXO-1, leading to the acetylation of FOXO-1 through CBP and SirT-1. Acetylated FOXO1 induced apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells through BIM activation.
Analog space-time coding for multiantenna ultra-wideband transmissions

Ultra-wideband (UWB) transmissions have well-documented advantages for low-power, peer-to-peer, and multiple-access communications. Space-time coding (STC), on the other hand, has gained popularity as an effective means of boosting rates and performance. Existing UWB transmitters rely on a single antenna, while ST coders have mostly focused on digital linearly modulated transmissions. In this paper, we develop ST codes for analog (and possibly nonlinearly) modulated multiantenna UWB systems. We show that the resulting analog system is able to collect not only the spatial diversity, but also the multipath diversity inherited by the dense multipath channel, with either coherent or noncoherent reception. Simulations confirm a considerable increase in both bit-error rate performance and immunity against timing jitter, when wedding STC with UWB transmissions.
Isolation and characterization of Trichomonas vaginalis ferredoxin

A ferredoxin was purified from the anaerobic protozoon Trichomonas vaginalis. The protein had a molecular weight of 12,000 as assessed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, gel filtration and amino acid analysis. The protein contained seven 1/2-cystine (cystine plus cysteine) residues and one tyrosine, and lacked tryptophan. Chemical analysis and spectral properties of the ferredoxin indicated the presence of a [2Fe-2S] cluster. The complex optical spectrum of the native ferredoxin had peaks at 310 and 450 nm and shoulders near 415 and 550 nm. The molar absorbance of the protein at 450 nm was 8,000m −1 × cm−1. The EPR spectrum of reduced ferredoxin had two features at g values of 2.02 and 1.94 and revealed axial symmetry. Results of subcellular fractionation studies indicated the ferredoxin to be a major iron-sulfur protein of the cells and to be located in the hydrogenosome. The ability of the ferredoxin to function as an electron carrier was demonstrated by its reduction by pyruvate: ferredoxin oxidoreductase and hydrogenase as detected by EPR spectroscopy and by its stimulation of metronidazole reduction by these enzymes. These observations implicate ferredoxin as an important electron transport component in hydrogenosomes of T. vaginalis.
On Anthropology and Education: Retrospect and Prospect

This essay deals with aspects of the historic and contemporary linkages between the discipline of anthropology and the domain of education. An historic contextualization of the development of educational anthropology provides the frame from within which extant theoretical and methodological issues are critically delimited. Possibilities for future areas of activity and concern are explored, and specific recommendations for future directions are presented.
Experimental Validation of Channel State Prediction Considering Delays in Practical Cognitive Radio

As part of the effort toward building a cognitive radio (CR) network testbed, we have demonstrated real-time spectrum sensing. Spectrum sensing is the cornerstone of CR. However, current hardware platforms for CR introduce time delays that undermine the accuracy of spectrum sensing. The time delay named response delay incurred by hardware and software can be measured at two antennas colocated at a secondary user (SU), the receiving antenna, and the transmitting antenna. In this paper, minimum response delays are experimentally quantified and reported based on two hardware platforms, i.e., the universal software radio peripheral 2 (USRP2) and the small-form-factor software-defined-radio development platform (SFF SDR DP). The response delay has a negative impact on the accuracy of spectrum sensing. A modified hidden Markov model (HMM)-based single-secondary-user (single-SU) prediction is proposed and examined. When multiple SUs exist and their channel qualities are diverse, cooperative prediction can benefit the SUs as a whole. A prediction scheme with two stages is proposed, where the first stage includes individual predictions conducted by all the involved SUs, and the second stage further performs cooperative prediction using individual single-SU prediction results obtained at the first stage. In addition, a soft-combining decision rule for cooperative prediction is proposed. To have convincing performance evaluation results, real-world Wi-Fi signals are used to test the proposed approaches, where the Wi-Fi signals are simultaneously recorded at four different locations. Experimental results show that the proposed single-SU prediction outperforms the 1-nearest neighbor (1-NN) prediction, which uses current detected state as an estimate of future states. Moreover, even with just a few SUs, cooperative prediction leads to overall performance improvement.
Additional Experiments with Impulse Excitation

After drawing a definite distinction between "impulse excitation" and "beat excitation," the writer considers broadly the conditions under which each of these is brought about. In connection with a type of impulse excitation transmitter, there are considered the effect of a hydrogen atmosphere in the gap, the construction of the necessarily closely inductive coupler between spark gap circuit and antenna circuit, the effect of gap separation and "wandering" of the spark, and the effect of the tone circuit shunted around the gap.
The Red–Green Coalition in Germany: Politics, Personalities and Power. By Charles Lees. Manchester, England: Manchester University Press, 2001. 157p. $69.95 cloth, $19.95 paper.

Charles Lees has produced a succinct yet compelling assessment of the Greens' “long march to power” in Germany through a succession of state governments to the Social Democratic–Green national coalition formed following the 1998 Bundestag election. His account is conceptually sound and (apart from several omissions) highly informative. It provides useful insights into the dynamics of SPD–Green politics that will interest German specialists and comparativists alike.