cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Distributed Monitoring of Steady-State System Performance Using Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks provide a cost-effective alternative to monitoring system performance in real-time. In addition to the ability to communicate data without wires, the sensor nodes possess computing and memory capabilities that can be harnessed to execute signal processing and state-tracking algorithms. This paper describes the architecture and application layer protocols for the distributed monitoring of the steady-state performance of systems that have a finite number of states. Protocols are defined for two phases — the learning phase and the monitoring phase. In the learning phase, an expert user trains the wireless network to define the acceptable states of the system. The nodes are programmed with a set of algorithms for processing their readings. The nodes use these algorithms to compute invariant metrics on the sensor readings, which are then used to define the internal state of the node. In the monitoring phase, the nodes track their individual states by computing their state based on the sensor readings and then comparing them with the pre-determined values. If the system properties change, the nodes communicate with each other to determine the new state. If the new state is not one of the acceptable states determined in the learning phase, an alert is raised. This approach de-centralizes the monitoring and detection process by distributing both the state information and the computing throughout the network. The paper presents algorithms for the various processes of the system and also the results of testing the sensor network architecture on real-time models. The sensor network can be used in automotive engine test rigs to carry out long term performance analysis.© 2004 ASME
Association of postanaesthetic hyperthermia with abnormal muscle characteristics: A case report

A previously healthy 18-year-old male, following appendectomy developed post-anaesthetic hyperthermia (42.1° C) with an elevation of serum creatine kinase and activated partial thromboplaslin time. Repeated arterial blood gases were normal. Cooling and anti-pyretic medication did not control the fever. In contrast, sodium dantrolene appeared effective in lowering the patient’s temperature and normalizing the vital signs, both acutely and over the following three days. Subsequent muscle biopsy revealed a normal contracture response to caffeine alone or in the presence ofhalothane. However, the muscle had a larger than normal potentiation of evoked twitch tension in the presence of caffeine and halothane. Electrophoresis of the muscle revealed a marked increase of an unidentified low molecular weight protein. The patient’s clinical course, and the results of the muscle studies, sugest that an abnormality of skeletal muscle, other than that seen in the classic malignant hyperthermia syndrome may result in anaesthesia-related hyperthermia.
The assessment and management of the dizzy patient

The management of the dizzy patient is one of the great challenges in medicine. Often times the otolaryngologist is called upon to evaluate the patient after several unsuccessful attempts by other physicians. The management of these patients is often frustrating as the patient is unable to accurately describe what he or she is feeling. Dizziness refers to an altered sense relationship to space. In the assessment and management of these patients, it is often difficult to define the exact cause of dizziness. It becomes the job of the otolaryngologist to determine whether the cause of the dizziness is related to the temporal bone or the retrocochlear pathways. This is often a time-consuming task, and the patient must be made aware that the assessment process will often span several visits.
Lattice dynamics of copper with a Morse potential

Abstract A Morse potential is used as an effective interionic pair-potential in lattice dynamical calculations for copper. The calculated phonon dispersion curves and the temperature dependent Debye temperature are in good agreement with the experimental results.
Hardware considerations for illumination-invariant image processing

Department ofElectrical and Computer EngineeringThe University of Michigan-DearbornAbstract: illumination-invariant image processing is an extension of the classical technique of homomorphic filtering using alogarithmic point transformation. In this paper, traditional approaches to illumination-invariant processing are briefly reviewed andthen extended using newer image processing techniques. Relevant hardware considerations are also discussed including thenumber of bits per pixel required for digitization, minimizing the dynamic range of the data for image processing, and camerarequirements. Three applications using illumination-invariant processing techniques are also provided.Keywords: illumination invariance, machine vision, quantization, homomorphic filtering, mathematical morphology, gammacorrection
Efficacy and safety of heat exchanger added to venovenous bypass circuit during orthotopic liver transplantation

Hypothermia during orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is common despite measures to prevent this complication. We retrospectively analyzed two groups of patients; those managed with (n = 113) or without (n = 109) a heat exchanger (HE) incorporated in the venovenous bypass (VVB) circuit to test the hypothesis that normothermia before liver reperfusion minimizes hypotension during reperfusion and decreases neohepatic transfusion requirements. Use of the HE resulted in significantly warmer patients during reperfusion and at the end of surgery (P < .001). An increase in neohepatic transfusion requirement was observed in patients with HE use: packed red blood cells, 4 +/- 4 versus 3 +/- 3 units; fresh-frozen plasma, 5 +/- 5 versus 4 +/- 4 units; platelets, 8 +/- 8 versus 6 +/- 7 units; and cryoprecipitate, 5 +/- 7 versus 3 +/- 5 units. There was no difference between the two groups in the untoward hemodynamic events during reperfusion of the liver (P = .31). We conclude that during OLT, the use of an HE in a nonheparinized VVB circuit helps maintain normothermia. Our limited experience suggests that its use is safe but does not improve hemodynamic stability during reperfusion or decrease blood loss during the neohepatic period.
Stereospecific syntheses fo cis- and trans-1,6-bistrimethylsilyl-hex-3-ene-1,5-diyne

Abstract Stereospecific syntheses of the title compounds were achieved via the palladium-catalyzed bisethynylation of the vicinal dichloroethenes.
Architecture and performance of HIPPI-ATM-SONET terminal adapters

The flexibility of the asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) technique to integrate diverse traffic using a single network platform, and the scalability of the synchronous optical network (SONET) to support various transmission speeds up to gigabit per second ranges, have contributed to the adoption of these standards in the future public telecommunications network. Presently, the networking of supercomputers and high performance workstations is widely based on the high performance parallel interface (HIPPI) standard. A number of efforts to allow the access of HIPPI networks to the public ATM/SONET network has resulted in different experimental Gigabit Testbeds such as CASA and Nectar. To provide the access of HIPPI-based local area networks (HIPPI-LAN) to the ATM/SONET network, HIPPI/ATM/SONET (HAS) terminal adapters could be deployed in instances where the cost of evolving the HIPPI network into a full ATM/SONET-based network is higher than that of a HAS interface. This article presents the architecture and performance of a 2.5 Gb/s HAS experimental prototype, which is a key component of the Nectar Gigabit Testbed. It identifies HAS implementation issues and presents possible solutions that can be extended to the implementation of future HAS devices. The HAS architecture is presented, as well as a discussion on flow control implications due to terminating the HIPPI protocol. The HAS performance is then shown through theoretical modeling and measured results. >
Effect of temperature on food and water intake and rumen fermentation.

Abstract The purpose was to determine volatile fatty acid concentrations at normal (18C) and high (35C) ambient temperature, and to determine the effect of increasing the rumen temperature with an intraruminal heating coil in an 18C ambient temperature. Four nonlactating, fistulated Holstein cows were placed in a climatically controlled chamber. Treatments were (18) ambient temperature 18.2C; (35) ambient temperature 35C; (18–43) ambient temperature 18.2C, intraruminal coil temperature 43.4C; and (18–51) ambient temperature 18.2C, intraruminal coil temperature 51.0C. Analysis of variance indicated that significant differences (P Cows subjected to 18.2C ambient temperature, but whose rumen temperatures were increased by intraruminal heating coils, consumed significantly less (P The data indicate that lower ruminal volatile fatty acid concentrations which occur at high ambient temperatures cannot be explained by changes in ruminal temperature.
Improved sand surface element for residual stress determination

A method has been developed to efficiently predict residual stresses in castings whose molds include steel chills and other high stiffness mold components. Mold elements are replaced by surface elements that apply an equivalent normal force to the surface of the part. A special contact condition, consisting of two separate functions, was developed to handle a large range of mold stiffnesses. Solidification of several geometric shapes was simulated and the solutions using the new element were compared with solutions computed using a mesh for the full mold. The surface element was found to provide a good estimate for the displacement and equivalent plastic strain for the casting models. The time necessary to compute the solution was also significantly decreased when using this new technique.
Intracellular localization of compounds labeled with tritium, H3 by radioautography.

SummaryTritium, H3 the radioactive isotope of hydrogen has been used for radio-autography and given radioautographic images after a week's exposure of individual yeast cells and paramecia grown in media including sodium acetate containing tritium. Measured radioautographic images of endoplasmic concentrations of radioactivity in paramecium and of individual yeast cells of 3 μ have been delineated. Since the average beta particle from (tritium is absorbed by a micron or less of nuclear track emulsion, from the standpoint of its range, this isotope approaches the ideal for radioautographic localization.Yeast grown in tritium-containing medium as described and exposed for a shonter time have shown differential localization of tritium in polar and peripheral extranuclear areas. Some of these foci showed only one or two grains of reduced silver (each about 0.3 μ to 0.4 μ) in the emulsion. This probably represents the limit of resolution of radioautography with the present emulsions available for biological exp...
Automatic Generation Control Analysis With Governor Deadband Effects

Automatic Generation Control (AGC) stochastic performance, including effects of speed governor deadbands, is analyzed. Using Fast Fourier Transform techniques, Bonneville Power Administration real system data is compared with similar data from simulation.
Exploring Spiritual Engagement at Secular Knox College

The author investigates the nature of spiritual engagement of Knox College students to discern their attitudes about finding meaning and purpose in life. I examine the nature of the division between religious, spiritual, and the “neither religious nor spiritual” students, as they encounter a secular college that sometimes struggles to empower religious adherents. Because this encounter mixes appreciation and discontent, the author surveys student (and faculty) perspectives on the degree of religion-friendliness at Knox. Finally, the author explains why Knox sometimes differs sharply from other college/university profiles.
Barrett's epithelium with complete stricture of the esophagus: hypothesis of its etiology.

A 4-year-old very debilitated boy, who suffered from recurrent vomiting (regurgitation) since birth, is described. At the age of 18 months, partial obstruction of the esophagus was apparent, and only semisolid food could be swallowed. The signs of obstruction progressed, and the child was admitted urgently, at the age of 4 years, to the authors' department because of severe dehydration. After resuscitation, a barium swallow and esophagoscopy showed a complete obstruction of the esophagus between its middle and lower third. Through a left thoracotomy incision, 4 cm of the diseased esophagus were resected and continuity established by end-to-end esophagoesophageal anastomosis. Pathological examination showed complete obstruction of the esophagus with Barrett's epithelium above and below the stricture. Severe periesophagitis was also present because of sealed perforation of the esophagus. One week after the operation the child was on normal diet. On follow-up, 6 months later, he has no signs of obstruction and is gaining weight. It is postulated that the presence of Barrett's epithelium in the esophagus is congenital, but the complications, such as stricture formation, are usually caused by chronic irritation, such as gastroesophageal reflux. Barrett's epithelium alone infrequently will cause stricture of the esophagus.
Professional Team Sports and the Urbanisation of Desire

Beginning with passions invoked by songs ‘You and Me’ and ‘Ode to the Motherland’, in the opening ceremonies of the Beijing Olympics, this paper examines sports institutions via their structures of feeling, passions connected to their reasons. War and peace and nation and state tend to dominate study of politics of sport. But here we find cities in longstanding, elective public–private partnership with professional team sports because the teams provide spectators quest for excitement, safe intensity they pursue enthusiastically. Contrast with the management motives romanticised in Moneyball enables us to see this remarkable form of desire in Katie Casey, the fictional heroine of the vaudeville classic, ‘Take Me Out to the Ballgame’. While the elective anthem of the English, ‘Jerusalem’, reveals distinct passions – connected more closely to muscular Christianity and its moral imperialism – ‘Take Me Out’ suggests, as do close studies of spectators in Japan, China and elsewhere in East Asia, that a quiet pol...
Electrochemically activated carbon fiber sensors as fast and sensitive adenine metabolite amperometric detectors

A direct and fast voltammetric method of determination of 2,8-dihydroxyadenine (2,8-DHA), with a novel nanostructured carbon fiber sensor (CFS), is revealed in this work. To achieve high sensitivity required in biological determinations, before the determination of 2,8-DHA, carbon fiber sensors were activated by electrochemical pretreatment method. The electrochemical activation process generates a nanostructured carbon fiber surface, which is stable. The high stability of the active surface, and the high reproducibility of the activation process, leads to reproducible and sensitive fast scan voltammetric (FSV) determinations of 2,8-DHA. The 2,8-DHA sensitivity was determined in 31 mM phosphate buffer and Hank’s Balanced Salt solution (HBSS) : phosphate buffer (1:5) pH = 7.4, with different scan rates of 250, 500 and 1000 V/s. The potential window in the determinations was from -1.0 to 1.5 V ( vs . SCE). A high sensitivity of the new method of 2,8-DHA determinations by FSV at 500 V/s was found to be 0.40±0.01 nA µM -1 ( r 2 = 0.998) from the calibration plot of 2,8-DHA, with a linear dynamic range from 1-20 µM, and a limit of detection of 1 µM under physiological conditions.
Nerve-Sparing Retroperitoneal Lymphadenectomy

Nerve-sparing retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy (RPLND) cwas first described by Donohueet al. (1) and Jewettet al. (2), representing the culmination of efforts to reduce the morbidity of extended and modified dissections in patients with testis cancer. Specifically, nerve-sparing RPLND preserves ejaculatory function in virtually 100% of patients with low-stage disease and in selected patients with more advanced stages or after chemotherapy. This technique has thus become the procedure of choice for patients in whom surgical therapy of the retroperitoneum is indicated. Appropriate candidates for nerve-sparing RPLND include (1) patients with clinical stage I disease undergoing RPLND for complete surgical staging; (2) patients with low-volume stage II disease (normal tumor markers and low-volume retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy) for both therapeutic and prognostic purposes; and (3) selected patients undergoing postchemotherapy RPLND to determine the presence of residual disease and eliminate teratoma.
Challenges of recruiting minority populations for research.

Scientific Inquiry Provides a forum to facilitate the ongoing process of questioning and evaluating practice, presents informed practice based on available data, and innovates new practices through research and experimental learning.
Interactions of Wheat Variety, Production Environments, and Prior Insect Damage on Postharvest Resistance to the Lesser Grain Borer

Wheat, Triticum aestivum L., varietal resistance to the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F), was evaluated in hard spring wheat produced in 2001 and 2002 (Bozeman, Moccasin, and Huntley, MT). We tested the hypothesis that seed coat factors, not the endosperm, cause feeding resistance to R. dominica and that this resistance is genetic, not affected by agronomic conditions. Using a rapid, intensive feeding bioassay (frass production), we found, with one exception, no significant difference in resistance to R. dominica, among sound kernels of hard red wheat, comparing all locations and cultural conditions (irrigated versus dryland production). The most significantly resistant samples as indicated by lowest feeding activity (measured by lowest frass production) were 'Amidon' produced at Moccasin under dryland conditions and Amidon produced at Huntley under irrigated conditions. As with previous studies done in our laboratory, sound kernels of all hard wheat varieties from these new crop year studies (2001, 2002) were attacked. When subsamples of these varieties from the same locations and cultural conditions as the previous test were first subjected to a heavy infestation of Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) and then to the same age adult R. dominica, damage was significantly greater. Each kernel chosen for this test had been equally damaged by P. interpunctella larvae, germ consumed, endosperm not damaged, but fully exposed behind germ, no other damage. This collaborative damage caused feeding damage by R. dominica to increase 2- to 7.5-fold (as measured by R. dominica frass production). Particularly notable was 'McNeal' that switched from one of the most resistant varieties to the most fed upon, when the endosperm was exposed by P. interpunctella larvae. Therefore, we confirmed that at least one factor conferring resistance in McNeal is located in the kernel pericarp.
Differential expression of the thyrostimulin subunits, glycoprotein α2 and β5 in the rat pituitary

Two glycoprotein hormone subunits, (glycoprotein hormone alpha2-subunit GPA2) and (glycoprotein hormone beta5-subunit GPB5) have been recently discovered which, when expressed in vitro, heterodimerize to form a new hormone called thyrostimulin. Thyrostimulin activates the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) and has thyrotropic activity. Immunological studies have indicated that both subunits co-localize in pituitary cells. To explore the function of thyrostimulin in the rat, we have cloned rat GPA2 and GPB5, reconstituted the heterodimers in vitro, and confirmed that rat thyrostimulin activates TSHR with an affinity similar to that of TSH. In situ hybridization of the pituitary showed that while GPA2 is expressed in the anterior lobe, GPB5 is not detected in any of the lobes. A quantitative analysis showed that the co-localization of GPA2 and GPB5 is restricted in the rat to the eye and the testis. We found that GPB5 can be detected in the pituitary by quantitative-PCR, but at extremely low levels, 2000-fold lower than TSH beta-subunit (GPBtsh). Furthermore, the levels of GPB5 remain constant during the estrus cycle, while those of GPA2 vary. Finally, we found that none of the thyrostimulin subunits was induced by TRH in pituitary cell culture. These data point at the thyrostimulin system as being functionally different to the TSH system.
Bidirectional Neuron–Glia Interactions Triggered by Deficiency of Glutamate Uptake at Spinal Sensory Synapses

Bidirectional interactions between neurons and glial cells are crucial to the genesis of pathological pain. The mechanisms regulating these interactions and the role of this process in relaying syn...
BRCA1- and BRCA2-related mutations: therapeutic implications in ovarian cancer

Ovarian cancer is the deadliest among gynecologic cancers. Hereditary cancer related to BRCA1/2 gene mutations account for ~10%-12% of ovarian cancers. The BRCA1/2 proteins are important in homologous recombination (HR) repair of DNA. Patients with BRCA1/2 mutations have been reported to have improved chemosensitivity to platinum agents, longer disease-free intervals, and longer survivals than nonhereditary counterparts. Recent interest in poly(ADP-ribosyl) polymerase (PARP) proteins which are key components of base excision repair, has led to the development of PARP inhibitors; tumors arising in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and/or with HR deficiency (HRD) are particularly sensitive to the action of these drugs. As 60%-80% of all advanced ovarian cancers are high-grade serous type, exhibiting HRD in at least 50% (referred as BRCAness) future antitumor strategies may depend on identifying these defects through molecular testing. Once HRD becomes amenable to routine testing, a larger group of ovarian cancer patients than are currently considered for PARP inhibitor trials, may benefit from such targeted therapy.
Levels of satisfaction among hospital pharmacists

Hospital pharmacists in a Midwestern, metropolitan area were surveyed to determine levels of job satisfaction. Of the 195 pharmacists who received the 120-item questionnaire, 132 (68%) responded. The questionnaire included facet-free questions which reflect the overall satisfaction of an individual with his job. Results to these questions were compared to those for professional, managerial and nonprofessional workers in two University of Michigan Surveys of Working Conditions. Also included in the survey were facet-specific job satisfaction measures from the Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire. The study found an overall pattern of less satisfaction among hospital pharmacists than among workers included in the Michigan surveys. The data indicate that hospital pharmacists might be less committed to their jobs and more likely to change jobs than other employees. Compared to other employees, hospital pharmacists showed a greater commitment to the work ethic and were more dissatisfied with their general life situation. The average general job satisfaction score of the respondents was 2.53, on a five-point scale, indicating something less than "satisfied". Pharmacists were least satisfied with the lack of opportunity for advancement, staffing practices, employer's policies and practices, and compensation practices. Compensation relative to others and amount of compensation were the sources of greatest satisfaction. Staff pharmacists had the lowest level of satisfaction; clinical pharmacists the highest--other personnel categories compared were directors, associate and assistant directors, and supervisors. The profession of pharmacy should decide whether or not to be concerned with the general low level of satisfaction among hospital pharmacists.
The Effect of Acute Aerobic and Resistance Exercise on Working Memory

PONTIFEX, M. B., C. H. HILLMAN, B. FERNHALL, K. M. THOMPSON, and T. A. VALENTINI. The Effect of Acute Aerobic and Resistance Exercise on Working Memory. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 41, No. 4, pp. 927–934, 2009. Purpose: The goal of this investigation was to assess the influence of acute bouts of aerobic versus resistance exercise on the executive control of working memory. Methods: Twenty-one young adult participants completed a cardiorespiratory fitness test and maximal strength tests. On subsequent days, task performance measures of reaction time (RT) and accuracy were collected while participants completed a modified Sternberg working memory task before the start of, immediately after, and 30 min after an intervention consisting of 30 min of either resistance or aerobic exercise and a seated rest control. Results: Findings indicated shorter RT immediately and 30 min after acute aerobic exercise relative to the preexercise baseline with no such effects observed after resistance exercise or seated rest. Further, in the aerobic condition, a larger reduction in RT from the baseline occurred during task conditions requiring increased working memory capacity. Again, no effect was observed in the resistance exercise or the seated rest conditions. Conclusion: These data extend the current knowledge base by indicating that acute exercise-induced changes in cognition are disproportionately related to executive
Development of Clay Filled Roofing Materials

This paper describes bonding of clay with minor amounts of a phenolic emulsion to produce bricks, roofing tiles or synthetic aggregates, and requires only low temperature baking (100°C to 150°C). The manufacture of conventional bricks is energy intensive whereas our process has low energy requirement.
Piecewise-linear methods for digital control of input-switched PWM systems

Pulse width modulation (PWM) is a widely used strategy for operating switch controlled power electronic circuits and systems. One method of designing digital controllers for PWM systems is based on inversion of nonlinear discrete-time maps which define the input-output relation (for output control) or the input-state relation (for state control). Unfortunately, any direct attempt to implement this type of control would generally require either a great deal of on-line computation or a very large memory space for data storage. In this paper, piecewise-linear methods are used to simplify the discrete-time map inversion process without incurring any significant degradation in accuracy. The result is that substantially improved control performance is now achievable with a better balance between computation and storage requirements.
Cross Layer Error Exploitation for Aggressive Voltage Scaling

This paper shows that by co-designing circuits and systems, considerable power savings are possible if the inherent data redundancy of candidate systems such as wireless is used to compensate for hardware failures. A comprehensive study of 6T SRAM failure modes is presented. The generated statistics are used to quantify a power savings of up to 17.5% for a case study of a 32 nm CMOS 3 GPP WCDMA modem
Sex-Linkage versus Maternal Antibodies in the Genetic Control of Disease

From the brief survey of results reported by different investigators, there is now considerable evidence for simple (mendelian) genetic differences in susceptibility and resistance to leukosis but ...
Course and laboratory instructions in power electronics

In this paper, the topic of undergraduate and graduate education in the field of power electronics is presented. Based on several surveys conducted in recent years by the Power Engineering Education Resources Subcommittee, the collected data is closely examined in order to shed some light on the educational aspects in the field of power electronics. Suggested undergraduate and graduate curricula in power electronics along with key course content are presented. Moreover, the importance of hardware laboratory and Pspice simulation as supporting facilities for effective power electronics education are also addressed. >
Interaction of Turing and Hopf Modes in the Superdiffusive Brusselator Model Near a Codimension Two Bifurcation Point

Spatiotemporal patterns near a codimension-2 Turing-Hopf point of the one-dimensional superdiffusive Brusselator model are analyzed. The superdiffusive Brusselator model differs from its regular counterpart in that the Laplacian operator of the regular model is replaced by @ fi =@ j»j fi , 1 < fi < 2, an integro-differential operator that reflects the nonlocal behavior of superdiffusion. The order of the operator, fi, is a measure of the rate of superdiffusion, which, in general, can be different for each of the two components. A weakly nonlinear analysis is used to derive two coupled amplitude equations describing the slow time evolution of the Turing and Hopf modes. We seek special solutions of the amplitude equations, namely a pure Turing solution, a pure Hopf solution, and a mixed mode solution, and analyze their stability to long-wave perturbations. We find that the stability criteria of all three solutions depend greatly on the rates of superdiffusion of the two components. In addition, the stability properties of the solutions to the anomalous diffusion model are different from those of the regular diffusion model. Numerical computations in a large spatial domain, using Fourier spectral methods in space and second order Runge-Kutta in time are used to confirm the analysis and also to find solutions not predicted by the weakly nonlinear analysis, in the fully nonlinear regime. Specifically, we find a large number of steady state patterns consisting of a localized region or regions of stationary stripes in a background of time periodic cellular motion, as well as patterns with a localized region or regions of time periodic cells in a background of stationary stripes. Each such pattern lies on a branch of such solutions, is stable and
Female urethral injury secondary to blunt pelvic trauma

Urethral injury after blunt pelvic trauma is rare in women. We report a case of urethral injury and vaginal laceration secondary to blunt pelvic trauma. Pelvic examination should be performed in any female patient who has sustained blunt pelvic trauma to avoid the morbidity associated with delayed diagnosis of urethral injury.
When to Migrate Software Testing to the Cloud

Testing is a challenging activity for many software engineering projects, especially for large-scale systems. The amount of tests cases can range from a few hundred to several thousands, requiring significant computing resources and lengthy execution times. Cloud computing offers the potential to address both of these issues: it offers resources such as virtualized hardware, effectively unlimited storage, and software services that can aid in reducing the execution time of large test suites in a cost-effective manner. However, migrating to the cloud is not without cost, nor is it necessarily the best solution to all testing problems. This paper discusses when to migrate software testing to the cloud from two perspectives: the characteristics of an application under test, and the types of testing performed on the application.
Factors Influencing Absorbent Properties of Saponified Starch‐g‐Polyacrylonitrile Isolated by Methanol Precipitation

The method by which methanol is added to precipitate saponified starch-g-polyacrylonitrile (HSPAN) from an alkaline saponification mixture will influence the particle size of the polymer and thus the properties of the absorbent. Slow methanol addition, coupled with thorough mixing to ensure complete absorption of methanol by the reaction mass, will separate individual micron-sized fragments of HSPAN gel and will yield a product with a small enough particle size to produce a smooth, tree-flowing gel dispersion when added to water. This product is perhaps more suitable as a thickener than as a water absorbent. More rapid addition of methanol results in incomplete absorption by the reaction mass and causes individual gel fragments to coalesce to form millimeter-sized chunks of water-swollen HSPAN. Subsequent dewatering with excess methanol produces a granular product with good absorption properties. Gel-blocking was reduced by adding either stearic acid or poly(vinyl acetate) to methanol-precipitated HSPAN. Einflusgrosen der Absorbens-Eigenschaften von durch Methanolfallung isoliertem, verseiftem Starke-Pfropf-Polyacrylnitril. Die Methode, nach der zur Ausfallung von versciftem Starke-Pfropf-Polyacrylnitril (HSPAN) aus einer alkalischen Verscifungs-Mischung Methanol zugesetzt wird, beeinflust die Teilchengrose des Polymers und somit die Eigenschaften des Absorbens. Langsame Methanolzugabe, verbunden mit sorgfaltiger Vermischung, um die vollstandige Absorption des Methanols durch das Reaktionsgemisch sicherzustellen, fuhrt zu einzelnen mikroskopisch kleinen Fragmenten von HSPAN-Gel. Die Teilchengrose des Produktes ist klein genug, um eine glatte, freifliesende Geldispersion zu ergeben, wenn es mit Wasser vermischt wird. Vielleicht ist das Produkt als Dickungsmittel besser geeignet statt als Wasserabsorbens. Schnellerer Zusatz von Methanol ergibt unvollstandige Absorption durch das Reaktionsgemisch und fuhrt zu einzelnen Gelfragmenten, die unter Bildung von millimetergrosen Klumpen von wassergequollenem HSPAN zusammenfliesen. Nachfolgende Entwasserung mit Methanoluberschus ergibt ein korniges Produkt mit guten Absorptionseigenschaften. Die Gelblockierung wurde durch Zusatz von entweder Stearinsaure oder Polyvinylacetat zu dem methanolgefallten HSPAN verringert.
Morphologic and Biochemical Changes in Articular Cartilages of Immature Beagle Dogs Dosed with Difloxacin

Quinolones are efficacious antibacterial compounds, but they have been associated with arthralgia in human patients; experimentally, they have caused lesions in articular cartilages of immature animals. The earliest morphologic and biochemical changes induced in articular-epiphyseal cartilage complexes by difloxacin, a fluoroquinolone, were investigated in 27 3-month-old Beagle dogs that were dosed orally with the drug at 300 mg/kg body weight per day. Paraffin-embedded sections of humeral and femoral heads that were stained with either hematoxylin and eosin or toluidine blue and fast green were evaluated histologically, and lesions were scored according to established criteria. Although morphologic changes were not observed in cartilages of the control dogs or of the treated dogs in the 24-hr group, the severity of lesions, as represented by mean scores for lesions, increased during the 36-48 hr after dosing. The initial morphologic change, observed in cartilages from the treated dogs of the 36- and the 48-hr groups, was necrosis of chondrocytes that was rapidly followed by disruption of extracellular matrix and formation of fissures. Although glycosaminoglycan was aggregated along the margins of fissures, its concentration was not reduced in cartilages of any group of treated dogs. Collagen, however, was depleted from the cartilages of the dogs that were euthanized 36 or 48 hr after the first dose of difloxacin. Because degenerative changes were observed ultrastructurally in chondrocytes by 24 hr in a previous study, it was concluded that collagen was lost from affected cartilages as an early sequel to the degeneration of chondrocytes.
Nascent Entrepreneurs Access and Use of Network Resources in a Technology Incubator

Abstract This study utilized the setting of a technology incubator to analyze how nascent entrepreneurs develop and leverage networks to secure resources as part of the venture creation process. Through rigorous qualitative methods, we examined how six medical device entrepreneurs used networks to obtain needed resources, the types of resources pursued and differences among entrepreneurs based on their level of network skill. Our findings illustrate the importance of the incubator in providing both tangible resources (funding, space, equipment) and less tangible but equally important resources (credibility, relationships, access to networks). Initial findings suggest that differences in the level of an entrepreneurs’ network skill relate to the development, but not necessarily the success, of the venture.
PI-3 Kinase-PTEN Signaling Node: An Intercept Point for the Control of Angiogenesis

Angiogenesis is tightly regulated by opposing mechanisms in mammalian cells and is controlled by the angiogenic switch. Other review articles have described a central role for the PTEN/PI-3 kinase/AKT signaling node in the coordinate control of cell division, tumor growth, apoptosis, invasion and cellular metabolism [1, 2]. In this review, we focus on literature that supports the PTEN/PI-3 kinase/AKT signaling node as a major control point for the angiogenic switch in both the on and off positions. We also discuss the rationale for designing small molecule drugs that target the PTEN/PI-3 kinase/AKT signaling node for therapeutic intervention. Our hypothesis is that, instead of inhibiting one cell surface receptor, such as VEGFR2 with bevacizumab (Avastin®), thereby leaving a significant number of receptors free to pulse angiogenic signals, a more effective strategy may be to regulate signaling through an intercept node where redundant cell surface receptor signals converge to transmit important signaling events within the cell. This therapeutic configuration brings coordinate control over multiple cell surface receptors in concert with a physiologic response which may combine arrest of cell cycle progression with growth inhibition and the induction of genes involved in specialized functions such as movement, which are all required for the complex process of angiogenesis to occur in a temporal-spatial paradigm.
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure and Expiratory Positive Airway Pressure Increase Functional Residual Capacity Equivalently

The effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP) on functional residual capacity (FRC) of ten healthy, spontaneously breathing, lightly anesthetized intubated mongrel dogs was studied. The CPAP and EPAP at 5, 10, 15, and 20 cm H 2 O were alternately applied to all animals. Total (lung and chest wall) compliance, esophageal pressure, airway pressure, transpulmonary pressure, control FRC, and the change in FRC (ΔFRC) were measured before and after each application of CPAP and EPAP. Neither expiratory transpulmonary pressure nor ΔFRC with CPAP differed significantly from that with EPAP at all levels (p>0.05). These data suggest that CPAP and EPAP, when applied at the same expiratory pressure, result in an equivalent increase in FRC due to passive mechanical distention of the lungs.
Making modern girls: a history of girlhood, labor, and social development in colonial Lagos

Abosede George's new book brings the history of childhood into colonial Lagos and explores childhood through a gendered lens, looking particularly at girlhood. George examines how both African and ...
International patients in a Turkish Hospital: A Quantitative Study on Cross-Border Healthcare at the Intersection of Eastern-Europe, Asia and the Middle East

This is the first attempt, to our knowledge, that aims to empirically quantify and characterize international patient flows to Turkey. A cross-sectional retrospective study was performed on consecutive patients seen at the International Services Department of a 209-bed private hospital in urban Turkey. Over six months, international patients represented 4 percent and 6 percent of all consultations and surgical procedures, respectively. Six hundred and fifty unique international patients received health care and represented 44 different countries. Among these 650 unique encounters, most patients originated from Bulgaria (37%), Romania (35%), Azerbaijan (6%), Iraq (3%) and Georgia (3%). International patients commonly required oncological (54%), surgical (13%) and neurological (7%) services. Although quantitative data on medical travel to Turkey is limited, significant patient flows exist from neighboring countries to Turkey.
Legal and Policy Responses to the Disappearing Teacher Exception, or Coyright Ownership in the 21st Century University

This law review article explores the traditional concept of a teacher exception to the work for hire doctrine, and asks whether it still exists today. Part I introduces readers to the changing nature of the university as a commercialized space, resulting in increasing interest in works produced for the classroom. Part II explains the basics of copyright and ownership of copyrighted materials. Part III traces the debate over and changes in the 1976 Copyright Act, looking in particular at the case law on the teacher exception that developed concurrently to the review process that led to the 1976 Act, as well as the changes after the 1976 Act in the form of two decisions out of the Sevnth Circuit in the mid-1980s. Part IV reviews some of the current responses in the form of university policies around the country. Part V ends with suggestions on ways in which students, scholars, teachers, and other academics might approach their intellectual property creations in the current university environment.
σ-π separation: Excited H2 as a model system

The low-lying Π states of H2 consist of one core (σ) and one valence (π) electron and afford a direct evaluation of intershell σ-π interaction. After resolution of the electronic energy into σ only, π only, and σ-π parts, it is shown that an electronic change in this model system is due solely to a change in the π electrons. Simple Huckel theory is examined. If the molecular core is represented properly, regardless of the π wave function the calculated α and β parameters are in reasonable agreement with the “empirical” parameters. This agreement appears to be due to a fortuitous cancellation of energy contributions.
A Reconsideration of Shellmounds with Respect to Population and Nutrition

A good many years ago Nelson and Gifford made a careful and extensive survey of the shellmounds of San Francisco Bay, in the course of which they utilized quantitative methods of analysis to determine the probable age of the cultures represented. In the years since their publications, new deposits have come to light in various parts of the Americas to which their methods might be applied, and a great deal more knowledge is now available which is applicable to the field of primitive dietetics.
Numerical Differentiation for Calculus Students

(1975). Numerical Differentiation for Calculus Students. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 82, No. 3, pp. 284-287.
The Discovery of Ceres: How Gauss Became Famous

"The Duke of Brunswick has discovered more in his country than a planet: a super-terrestrial spirit in a humnan body." These words, attributed to Laplace in 1801, refer to the accomplishment of Carl Friedrich Gauss in computing the orbit of the newly discovered planetoid Ceres Ferdinandea from extremely limited data. Indeed, although Gauss had already achieved some fame among mathematicians, it was his work on the Ceres orbit that "made Gauss a European celebrity-this a consequence of the popular appeal which astronomy has always enjoyed.. ." [2]. The story of Gauss's work on this problem is a good one and is often told in biographical sketches of Gauss (e.g., [2], [3], [6]), but the mathematical details of how he solved the problem are invariably omitted from such historical works. We are left to wonder, how did he do it? Just how did Gauss compute the orbit of Ceres? This is the question that we shall answer in this paper! As the reader will observe, Gauss's work offers a rare instance of solving an historically great problem in applied mathematics using only the most modest mathematical tools. It is a complicated problem, involving over 80 variables in three different coordinate systems, yet the tools that Gauss uses are largely high school algebra and trigonometry! Gauss achieves greatness in this work not through deep, abstract mathematical thinking, but rather through an incredible vision of how the various quantities in the problem are related, a vision that guides him through extraordinary computations that others would likely abandon as futile. Thus the description of Gauss's work that follows involves much algebraic and trigonometric computation. We hope the reader can appreciate Gauss's genius by observing how difficult it is to see how the various computational steps he undertakes might reasonably lead to the final goal. We hope also to have provided enough details so that the interested reader can follow Gauss's work from start to finish. We begin with a brief introduction to reacquaint the reader with the historical background of the Ceres orbit problem.
Atrial Fibrillation Is Associated With a Worse 90-Day Outcome Than Other Cardioembolic Stroke Subtypes

Background and Purpose— Patients with a cardioembolic stroke (CES) have worse outcomes than stroke patients with other causes of stroke. Among patients with CES, atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common comorbidity. Mounting data indicate that AF may be related to stroke pathogenesis beyond acute cerebral thromboembolism. We sought to determine whether AF represents an independent risk factor for stroke severity and outcome among patients with CES. Methods— We retrospectively analyzed patients with acute hemispheric CES included in an academic medical center’s stroke registry. CES was determined using the Causative Classification System of ischemic stroke. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine whether AF was associated with 90-day outcome functional status. Results— Our cohort included 140 patients. Of these, 52 had prevalent AF and 28 had incident AF diagnosed during their index hospitalization or within 90 days of hospital discharge. After adjustment for potential confounders or mediators, any AF (odds ratio, 2.51; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–6.33; P =0.049), infarct volume (odds ratio, 1.03; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.06; P =0.005), preadmission modified Rankin Scale score (odds ratio, 2.58; 95% confidence interval, 1.66–4.01; P <0.001), and admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (odds ratio, 1.17; 95% confidence interval, 1.08–1.28; P <0.001) remained associated with an unfavorable 90-day outcome (modified Rankin Scale score, 2–6). Conclusions— AF is associated with an unfavorable 90-day outcome among patients with a CES independent of established risk factors and initial stroke severity. This suggests that AF-specific mechanisms affect CES severity and functional status after CES. If confirmed in future studies, further investigation into the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms may provide novel avenues to AF detection and treatment.
Extra Point Under Review: Machine Learning And The NFL Field Goal

The new NFL extra point rule first implemented in the 2015 season requires a kicker to attempt his extra point with the ball snapped from the 15-yard line. This attempt stretches an extra point to the equivalent of a 32-yard field goal attempt, 13 yards longer than under the previous rule. Though a 32-yard attempt is still a chip shot to any professional kicker, many NFL analysts were surprised to see the number of extra points that were missed. Should this really have been a surprise, though? Beginning with a replication of a study by Clark et. al, this study aims to explore the world of NFL kicking from a statistical perspective, applying econometric and machine learning models to display a deeper perspective on what exactly makes some field goal attempts more difficult than others. Ultimately, the goal is to go beyond the previous research on this topic, providing an improved predictive model of field goal success and a better metric for evaluating placekicker ability.