cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Relaxation Response and Reduced Norepinephrine Reactivity

There is growing appreciation both within and outside of the medical community that psychological stress is importantly involved in a variety of disease processes. The interaction of psychological factors and pathophysiology has been most vigorously pursued in relationship to the cardiovascular diseases. Because of this interest, and the accumulating evidence substantiating the link between psychology and cardiovascular diseases, mental health professionals are being increasingly asked to therapeutically intervene in patients with manifest disease or in patients deemed at high risk for such diseases. It is important to acknowledge that there is no implication that patients so referred are in need of traditional psychiatric or psychologic therapy. Rather, there is an implicit assumption that repeated or prolonged exposure to environmental demands, which are perceived as stressful, results in reactions that have an adverse affect on the cardiovascular system. It is reasonable to suggest that some effort at reducing such exposure either by altering environmental characteristics, altering the individual’s perception, or altering reactions is worthwhile and justified. Attending to these considerations, therapeutic interventions have been specifically devised. These interventions usually involve combinations of four strategies: 1) attempts to modify dietary habits, caloric reductions generally, with special efforts to reduce lipids and salt; 2) attempts to modify exercise; 3) attempts to train individuals to relax and or meditate and; 4) attempts at cognitive behavioral therapy. Although all four can be construed as psychological or behavioral interventions, the latter two are more traditionally considered the provience of mental health professionals.
U(VI) Adsorption and Speciation at the Acidic Silica/Water Interface Studied by Resonant and Nonresonant Second Harmonic Generation

Second harmonic generation (SHG) was used to study U(VI) interactions with a buried mineral oxide/water interface using pH 4 uranyl solutions that contained carbonate and environmentally relevant e...
The practice and earnings of preventive medicine physicians.

A shortage of preventive medicine (PM) physicians exists in the United States. Researchers know little about these physicians’ earnings and practice characteristics. The American College of Preventive Medicine (ACPM) mailed a survey to all self-identified PM physicians on the American Medical Association (AMA) Physician Masterfile. A total of 3,771 (54%) responded; respondents’ sex and region of residence were typical for PM physicians in general, with a slight excess of older physicians and those reporting board certification. A total of 2,664 (71%) were working full time, with median earnings of $85,000 (mean $90,000). Among full-time physicians, relatively higher earnings were associated with the following characteristics: male sex; age 45 to 64 years; major source of income from clinical, business, or industrial sources, rather than governmental or academic; and PM board certification. Full-time PM physicians earned much less than office-based private practitioners in several primary care specialties in 1989. The gap in earnings between PM specialists in government positions and those in the private sector is also substantial. Both disparities may require creative solutions.
Pesticide residue findings by the Luke method in domestic and imported foods and animal feeds for fiscal years 1982-1986.

Nearly 20,000 samples of food and feed commodities were analyzed for pesticide residues by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Los Angeles District Laboratory during the 5-year study period 1981-1986. The resultant data base has been summarized to provide separate residue information for domestic and imported samples. The overall violation rates for domestic and imported samples collected on a surveillance basis were 3.0 and 2.6%, respectively. For domestic and imported samples collected on a compliance basis, the overall violation rates were 19.7 and 17.5%, respectively.
Origin of our Times: An Asian-dominated World

In the 1500s western Europeans took increasingly to the seas. With an expansionist Islam astride the land routes to the East, they had little other choice. Against eastern Europe, the Muslim Ottoman Turks presented the greatest threat.’ Descended from central Asian nomadic, pastoral peoples, who as allies of the Mongols had been swept southward into Persia and westward into Arabic-speaking lands, under the tribal leader Osman (b. 1259, emir 1299-1326) they had reached the northwest corner of Anatolia. After the death of Osman they founded the Ottoman Empire in which Turkish became the dominant language. In 1345 they crossed from Asia into Europe. From Gallipoli they infiltrated the Balkans, conquering Bulgaria as they went. A century later in 1453, under Sultan Mehmet II (1451-81), they captured Constantinople (Istanbul), the capital of the Greek Orthodox Byzantine Empire which had been founded as a second Rome by Constantine the Great a thousand years before.
Abstract P119: Comparison of Treatment of Acute Coronary Syndrome in a Cohort of Medicare Patients With and Without Diabetes Mellitus

Objective: This study compared real-world treatment patterns for ACS patients with and without DM in a cohort of Medicare population. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the MarketScan Medicare claims database. Patients aged ≥65 years, hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of ACS between 01/01/2007 and 12/31/2007 were categorized into 2 groups: with and without DM. Patient characteristics, treatment patterns during the index hospitalization, and cardiovascular medications use 12 months pre- and post-index hospitalization were analyzed. (All p<.01 unless otherwise stated.) Results: Of 8,666 ACS patients identified, 2,407 (28%) were diabetic and 6,259 (72%) were non-diabetic. Patients with DM were more likely to be younger (77.6 vs. 79.6), male (58.8% vs. 54.6%), and have higher rates of previous MI (17.2% vs. 12.0%), congestive heart failure (28% vs. 16.1%), PVD (19.2% vs. 12.8%), TIA/stroke (10.0% vs. 7.3%), hypertension (54.4% vs. 49.6%), and renal diseases (17.1% vs. 7.0%). Patients with DM were significantly more likely to present with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction at the index hospitalization compared to those without DM (66.4% vs. 61.2%). During the index hospitalization, DM patients underwent less PCI (27.8% vs. 34.6%) but more CABG (9.7% vs. 7.6%), and were more likely to have medical management during the index hospitalization compared to non-DM patients. Compared to their non-DM counterparts, patients with DM utilized more statins (66.9% vs. 48.0%), beta blockers (53.0% vs .42.4%), thienopyridine (24.5% vs. 13.2%), and ACE inhibitors (42.3% vs. 28.6%) during the 12-month pre-hospitalization period, while during the 12-month post-hospitalization period, they utilized slightly more statins (85.8% vs. 82.1%) and had similar level of beta blockers (86.1% vs. 85.6%, p=0.57) and thienopyridine (62.5% vs. 64.7%, p=0.12) and ACE inhibitors use (54.8% vs. 56.1%, p=0.37). Conclusion: ACS patients with DM presented additional clinical risks than those without DM. Observed treatment patterns varied correspondingly between the 2 groups. Differences in cardiovascular medications usage between the 2 groups narrowed after the ACS hospitalization.
Algorithmic Decision Support for Personalized Education (Invited Paper)

This paper describes algorithmic decision support that facilitates recommendation of course schedules personal- ized to the background and interests of a given student. More specifically, recommendations are made with pri- oritized consideration of four categories of information: (1) degree requirements, (2) student interests, (3) student performance, and (4) time-to-degree. All four categories of information may not be available for a given student. The algorithm generates personalized recommendations by constructing a graph from degree requirements, identifying critical paths in the graph, and placing such paths within a course schedule. We describe the implementation of the algorithm in the context of PERCEPOLIS, a Perva- sive Cyberinfrastructure for Personalized Learning and Instructional Support, a framework constructed in our earlier work on personalized learning.
Impact of media and antifoam selection on monoclonal antibody production and quality using a high throughput micro-bioreactor system.

Monoclonal antibody production in commercial scale cell culture bioprocessing requires a thorough understanding of the engineering process and components used throughout manufacturing. It is important to identify high impact components early on during the lifecycle of a biotechnology-derived product. While cell culture media selection is of obvious importance to the health and productivity of mammalian bioreactor operations, other components such as antifoam selection can also play an important role in bioreactor cell culture. Silicone polymer-based antifoams were known to have negative impacts on cell health, production, and downstream filtration and purification operations. High throughput screening in micro-scale bioreactors provides an efficient strategy to identify initial operating parameters. Here, we utilized a micro-scale parallel bioreactor system to study an IgG1 producing CHO cell line, to screen Dynamis, ProCHO5, PowerCHO2, EX-Cell Advanced, and OptiCHO media, and 204, C, EX-Cell, SE-15, and Y-30 antifoams and their impacts on IgG1 production, cell growth, aggregation, and process control. This study found ProCHO5, EX-Cell Advanced, and PowerCHO2 media supported strong cellular growth profiles, with an IVCD of 25-35 × 106 cells-d/mL, while maintaining specific antibody production (Qp > 2 pg/cell-d) for our model cell line and a monomer percentage above 94%. Antifoams C, EX-Cell, and SE-15 were capable of providing adequate control of foaming while antifoam 204 and Y-30 noticeably stunted cellular growth. This work highlights the utility of high throughput micro bioreactors and the importance of identifying both positive and negative impacts of media and antifoam selection on a model IgG1 producing CHO cell line. © 2017 The Authors Biotechnology Progress published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:262-270, 2018.
Long-Term Follow-up of CD19 CAR Therapy in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Abstract Background CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells induce high rates of initial response among patients with relapsed B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and long-term remissions in a subgroup of patients. Methods We conducted a phase 1 trial involving adults with relapsed B-cell ALL who received an infusion of autologous T cells expressing the 19-28z CAR at the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC). Safety and long-term outcomes were assessed, as were their associations with demographic, clinical, and disease characteristics. Results A total of 53 adults received 19-28z CAR T cells that were manufactured at MSKCC. After infusion, severe cytokine release syndrome occurred in 14 of 53 patients (26%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 15 to 40); 1 patient died. Complete remission was observed in 83% of the patients. At a median follow-up of 29 months (range, 1 to 65), the median event-free survival was 6.1 months (95% CI, 5.0 to 11.5), and the median overall survival was 12....
Time Domain Modeling of Bi-Anisotropic Homogenized Media with Analytical Dispersion

We present a bi-anisotropic (BA) homogenization technique combined with derivation of the analytical dispersion of BA parameters. This formulation enables time domain modeling of the BA homogenized media and allows characterizing the geometry of the nanostructure with the dispersion parameters.
Co-simulations of DC magnetic bias fields and RF performance for microwave ferrite circulators

This paper presents finite element co-simulations for DC magnetic field and microwave non-reciprocal performance of ferrite circulators. Permanent magnets provide a DC bias field, but need to be large for a uniform magnetic field distribution inside the ferrite material. Additionally, the ferrite effective permeability is a nonlinear function of magnetic bias. Smaller magnets give a non-uniform bias field distribution, which can be taken into account in the full-wave simulations. To demonstrate the effect of this nonuniform bias, a commercial ferrite material from Skyworks (TT105) is chosen for a circulator design around 3.9 GHz assuming first a uniform DC magnetic field that saturates the ferrite. A small commercial rare-earth permanent magnet is then simulated to obtain the nonuniform static magnetic field in the ferrite, and resulting HFSS simulations show that the effects of nonuniform bias field on circulator performance can be predicted using a combination of analysis methods.
Constitutive Relations for Porous Materials: The Effect of Changing Void Shape and Orientation

A constitutive model is developed for porous materials which is capable of taking into account the evolution of the microstructure under finite deformations. The model is formulated in terms of instantaneous constitutive equations for the porous material, which depend on certain microstructural variables which in turn are governed by appropriate evolution equations for these variables. The orientation of the voids is introduced as a new microstructural variable along with the (finite) porosity and the aspect ratios of the voids. Evolution equations for these variables are then obtained from appropriate kinematic relations and estimates for the average rate of deformation and spin in the voids. Although the formulation is general in nature and can be used for a wide variety of processes, results are given only for the plane strain deformation of a porous material with cylindrical voids dispersed in a nonlinearly viscous matrix.
Podcasting enhances learning

Podcasting enables learning anytime, anywhere. Many students use MP3 or other portable players on a daily basis for music and entertainment. Mobile entertainment is flourishing throughout the world, and will continue to be a means of pleasure and connection. Podcasting is becoming more integrated as an additional means of teaching and learning by higher education faculty preparing students to compete in a global economy. Increasingly, mobile learning (also known as m-learning) is being used by students because it is portable and can be used in their own time frame. The focus of this qualitative paper is to present research on podcast use in higher education and to assess, via surveys, students perceptions and experiences regarding the use of podcasts as a supportive tool to learning in classrooms. This paper is an overview of the following six areas: what podcasting is, uses of podcasting, benefits of podcasting, disadvantages of podcasting, survey results, and tips for improving podcast quality.
How data comm methods and multi-dimensional traffic displays influence pilot workload under trajectory based operations

The goal of the present study was to examine the impact of different data-communication (Data Comm) methods and use of multi-dimensional displays (2-D or 3-D) on pilot workload when Trajectory Based Operations (TBO) are employed. Eight pilots flew simulated enroute flights using an integrated (FANS-1A) or non-integrated (ACARS) Data Comm method. Pilots were also asked to rate the workload and acceptability of a route modification with the different Data Comm methods. Online assessments during the flight simulation showed no difference in pilot ratings of workload and route acceptability. However, in post trial questionnaires, pilots reported an overall preference for FANS as a Data Comm method compared to ACARS. The display type did not change pilots' positive ratings for the FANS method, but 3- D displays increase the operator's ability to understand the proposed flight plan changes when they used ACARS.
David Oliver: Making less popular medical jobs more attractive.

Medicine has an unwritten hierarchy of perceived glamour and prestige. This ends up having a real impact on patient care, as it affects who chooses to work in what specialty and which specialties struggle to recruit. Julian Simpson discussed this hierarchy in The BMJ in May,1 when he highlighted the NHS’s reliance on overseas trained doctors from ethnic minorities for unpopular specialties in deprived or remote UK regions. Many doctors, including me, actively choose disciplines that are generally (if often unfairly) seen as overstretched, less glamorous, struggling to fill all posts, or with lower earning potential. I’ve never regretted being a geriatrician and general internal medicine physician. This is about tendencies and trends, not absolutes. But what makes a specialty seem more prestigious to potential applicants? In my experience, terms such as teaching hospital, highly specialised, high tech, interventional, curative, physical health, younger, single organ system, and research …
Breakout the Library: Using Escape Room Concepts to Teach and Assess the First-Year Library Orientation Experience

Abstract This chapter provides a broad overview of the UT Libraries Breakout game including the design process, game outline, and lessons learned. In brief, this chapter discusses the background of the inception of the games as well as the organizational context in which the game is executed and its impact on instruction experience for the library instructor as well students. The reader is walked through a step-by-step process in the games development and revisions as lessons learned in the process. To conclude the impact of the gaming experience is discussed on its impact on information literacy instruction on the libraries instruction practices.
The aqueous chemistry of aluminum. A new approach to high-temperature solubility measurements

Predictions of changes in geothermal reservoir permeability and porosity during exploitation and reinjection, as well as aluminosilicate scale formation in wells and plant equipment, are currently limited by inaccuracies and discrepancies in our knowledge of the aqueous speciation of aluminum and the solubilities of aluminosilicates in high-temperature brines. To address this problem, the solubility of pure synthetic boehmite (AlOOH) has been measured in noncomplexing solutions over a wide range of pH (2–10), temperature (100–290°C), and ionic strength (0.03–1 mol·kg−1 NaCl) in a hydrogen-electrode concentration cell (HECC) that provided continuous, in situ measurement of hydrogen ion molality. This represents the first such study ever reported of a pH-dependent mineral solubility profile across the entire pH range of natural waters at temperatures above 100°C. Samples of the solution were withdrawn after the pH reading stabilized for analysis of total aluminum content by ion chromatography. Acidic or basic titrants could then be metered into the cell to affect a change in the pH of the solution. The direction of approach to the equilibrium saturation state could be readily varied to ensure that the system was reversible thermodynamically. A least-squares regression of the results obtained at low ionic strength was used to determine the molal solubility products (Qs0to Qs4) of boehmite, which allowed comparison with those obtained from two recently-reported high-temperature studies of boehmite solubility, which relied on the conventional batch technique. Comparisons are also made with the low-temperature (<90°C) hydrolysis constants for aluminum obtained from solubility measurements with gibbsite as the stable phase. Based on these results, it is possible to draw some general conclusions concerning the relative importance of the aluminum species in solution and to reduce significantly the number of experiments needed to define this complex system. Finally, the application of this new technique to the study of the kinetics and thermodynamics of the dissolution and formation of more complex aluminosilicate minerals is discussed.
The Next Generation for Manufacturing Competitiveness?: Investigating the Influence of Industry-Driven Outreach on Children Career Perceptions

Manufacturing is considered one of the major economic drivers in the United States. However, a challenge for manufacturing competitiveness can be the negative perception of the industry held by children, and society as a whole, which may make them reluctant to pursue manufacturing careers and fulfill the projected workforce demands. Accordingly, there have been a number of talent pipeline initiatives to address the issues related to (1) the availability of a skilled workforce, (2) the preparation of students for the jobs of tomorrow, and (3) teacher access to the tools necessary to inspire children to pursue high-demand career pathways. While these industry-driven outreach initiatives are often developed with the best intentions, research attempts focused on better understanding the influences of these initiatives on children’s perceptions of manufacturing-related careers are necessary. Therefore, this study focused on investigating the career perceptions of children (Grades K-8) and the influence of an industry-led summer camp focused on robotics in manufacturing. To do so, data were collected from career-perception surveys and a “Draw-A-Manufacturer” test, which were administered before and after the camp experience. The influences of the summer camp on the participants’ career perceptions and interests are presented and used as a foundation for discussions and recommendations for developing outreach initiatives and preparing children for the future of work.
Working toward evidence-based guidelines for cost-of-care conversations between patients and physicians: A systematic review of the literature.

Abstract Rationale As healthcare costs continue to rise, so does the importance of having cost-of-care conversations during medical office visits, especially for patients from vulnerable populations and patients with high-cost illnesses such as cancer. Such conversations remain relatively rare, however, even though physicians and patients say they want to have them. Furthermore, there is a lack of evidence-based guidelines for encouraging cost conversations and improving their quality. Objective The purpose of this project was to conduct a systematic review of the cost-of-care conversations literature, focusing on empirical studies to characterize the state of the literature and provide a foundation for developing evidence-based guidelines for these important conversations. Method We searched seven electronic databases and identified an initial list of 1,986 records, 54 of which met inclusion criteria. We reviewed those articles to identify study purpose, use of theory, conceptual and operational definitions of cost conversations, sample characteristics, research methods, variables relevant to cost conversations, and relevant study findings. Results Results revealed that this literature (a) consists overwhelmingly of cross-sectional survey research set in the United States, (b) defines cost conversations chiefly as those focused on healthcare or medication costs (either in general or out-of-pocket), (c) is focused primarily on establishing incidence/frequency of cost conversations but also considers patient/provider desire for, attitudes/beliefs toward, and perceived barriers to cost conversations, and (d) lacks theoretical guidance. There were very few findings that could provide actionable evidence to guide quality conversations about reducing cost of care. We offer observations and recommendations for the next steps in cost conversations research so that patients and physicians can work together to promote quality care at affordable costs.
Failure prediction using personalized models and an application to heart failure prediction

To reduce disruptions of processes and the cost of maintenance, predicting the onset of failure (or a similar event) of a physical system (or components of a physical system) has become important. Prediction of onset of failure would allow appropriate corrective actions at the right time. In this paper, we present a method to predict the “onset” of failure (the start of a degradation process or similar types of events) of a physical system that minimizes data collection and personalizes it for the physical system. The method applies to situations where one monitors the operating characteristics of the physical system at regular time intervals by means of attached sensors and other measurement instruments. It creates a model of the physical system, during normal operations, using the time-series data produced by the sensors and measurement instruments. However, it does not create or use any time-series models. It simply examines the distribution of time-series data across different time periods. It uses this model of normal operations in subsequent time periods to monitor the physical system for deviations from normality. We illustrate this method with an application to predict the “onset” of subsequent decompensated heart failures for patients already treated for a heart failure at a hospital. As part of an NIH study, these heart failure patients received two ECG patches, an accelerometer and a bio-impedance measurement device for regular monitoring for a period after their release from the hospital. When dealing with non-homogenous, disparate physical systems, personalized models can be better predictors of a phenomenon compared to generalized models based on data collected from an assortment of such physical systems. In medicine such models can be a powerful addition to the set of medical diagnostic tools. And such personalized models can be built rather quickly without waiting for extensive data collection.
The Impact of Channel Semiconductor on the Memory Characteristics of Ferroelectric Field-Effect Transistors

In this work, channel semiconductor is identified and demonstrated to have significant impact on the memory characteristics of ferroelectric field-effect transistors (Fe-FETs). It is understood that, to achieve high electron density at on-state, it requires high hole density at the off-state to realize the charge balance and strong ferroelectric polarization switching in n-type Fe-FETs. Therefore, Fe-FETs with a wider bandgap semiconductor channel have a much smaller memory window than Fe-FETs with a narrower bandgap semiconductor channel due to the insufficient polarization switching. The simple device physics suggests that narrow bandgap semiconductor channel such as Ge is preferred for Fe-FETs with large memory window.
Microstructural evolution of a silicon carbide-carbon coated nanostructured ferritic alloy composite during in-situ Kr ion irradiation at 300°C 450°C

Abstarct This work focuses on irradiation behaviors of a novel silicon carbide and carbon coated nanostructured ferritic alloy (SiC-C@NFA) composite for potential applications as a cladding and structural material for next generation nuclear reactors. The SiC-C@NFA samples were irradiated with 1 MeV Kr ions up to 10 dpa at 300 and 450 °C. Microstructures and defect evolution were studied in-situ at the IVEM-Tandem facility at Argonne National Laboratory. The effects of ion irradiation on various phases such as α-ferrite matrix, (Fe,Cr)7C3, and (Ti,W)C precipitates were evaluated. The α-ferrite matrix showed a continuous increase in dislocation density along with spatial ordering of dislocation loops (or loop strings) at >5 dpa. The size of the dislocation loops at 450 °C was larger than that at 300 °C. The nucleation and growth of new (Ti,W)C precipitates in α-ferrite grains were enhanced with the ion dose at 450 °C. This study provides new insight into the irradiation resistance of the SiC-C@NFA system.
Picosecond laser ablation of metals and semiconductors with low-transverse order Gaussian beams

Picosecond pulse duration laser–material interactions are extremely complex and much less studied than the physics of femtosecond and nanosecond ablation. Additionally, multimode laser beam structure can inhibit robust analysis and comparisons of effects at any pulse duration. To address these gaps, single-pulse laser ablation of Al, Si, Ti, Ge, and InSb in air and Ge in vacuum was studied using low-transverse order Gaussian beams at a 1064 nm wavelength and 28 ps pulse duration. Crater depths of 0.4 to 6.3 μm and volumes of up to 4000 μm3 were measured using a laser confocal microscope. Crater depths plateau with increasing fluence and are slightly higher for Ge in vacuum than in air. Crater volume increases linearly with fluence for all materials in air. In vacuum, the volume of material above the surface was less than in air and increased at a lower rate with increasing fluence. The ratio of volume above the surface (due to melt flow and redeposition) to volume below the surface plateaus for all materials to ∼0.7 in air and 0.4 for Ge in vacuum. The ablation efficiency, defined as atoms removed per incident photon, was higher at low fluences and decreased to ∼0.004 for all materials at higher fluences. Simulations using the directed energy illumination visualization tool showed that bulk melt flow out of the crater caused by the evaporation recoil pressure dominated at higher fluences. Plateauing of crater depth with fluence was caused by melt reflow into the crater, which effects smaller crater widths more than larger ones, as evidenced by comparing multimode results with TEM00 simulations. Recondensation of evaporated material was identified as the main difference between craters formed in air versus vacuum, and the Knudsen layer jump conditions in DEIVI were modified to account for an estimated ≈20 % recondensation rate. The simulations showed a resulting reduction in evaporation, which created less recoil pressure, driving less melt out of the crater. The results of this study help elucidate mass removal mechanisms in the picosecond pulse duration regime and their dependence on laser and environmental characteristics.
Biodegradable Hollow Manganese Silicate Nanocomposites to Alleviate Tumor Hypoxia toward Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been extensively explored as a minimally invasive treatment strategy for malignant cancers. It works with the help of a photosensitizer located within cancer cells th...
Anatomy of a Conflict: Identity, Knowledge, and Emotion in Old-Growth Forests, by Terre Satterfield

This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Sociology,Social Work and Anthropology, Department of at DigitalCommons@USU.It has been accepted for inclusion in SSWA Faculty Publications by anauthorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For moreinformation, please contactdigitalcommons@usu.edu.
The development of the American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment III: An improved tool to assess and enhance the health and well-being of college students

This article describes the development of the American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment III (ACHA-NCHA III), a widely used comprehensive survey that assesses college students' health behaviors and outcomes at the institutional and national levels. Only the second major revision since the ACHA-NCHA was established in 2000, the ACHA-NCHA III launched in Fall of 2019. Background on the purpose and history of the ACHA-NCHA will first be provided. Then the systematic steps taken to create a new and enhanced version of the survey will be recounted. An overview of the final ACHA-NCHA III instrument will be given, and future directions for the survey post-implementation will be discussed.
Radiology Dictation Errors with COVID-19 Protective Equipment: Does Wearing a Surgical Mask Increase the Dictation Error Rate?

Our aim was to determine the effect of wearing a surgical mask on the number and type of dictation errors in unedited radiology reports. IRB review was waived for this prospective matched-pairs study in which no patient data was used. Model radiology reports (n = 40) simulated those typical for an academic medical center. Six randomized radiologists dictated using speech-recognition software with and without a surgical mask. Dictations were compared to model reports and errors were classified according to type and severity. A statistical model was used to demonstrate that error rates for all types of errors were greater when masks are worn compared to when they are not (unmasked: 21.7 ± 4.9 errors per 1000 words, masked: 27.1 ± 2.2 errors per 1000 words; adjusted p < 0.0001). A sensitivity analysis was performed, excluding a reader with a large number of errors. The sensitivity analysis found a similar difference in error rates for all types of errors, although significance was attenuated (unmasked: 16.9 ± 1.9 errors per 1000 words, masked: 20.1 ± 2.2 errors per 1000 words; adjusted p = 0.054). We conclude that wearing a mask results in a near-significant increase in the rate of dictation errors in unedited radiology reports created with speech-recognition, although this difference may be accentuated in some groups of radiologists. Additionally, we find that most errors are minor single incorrect words and are unlikely to result in a medically relevant misunderstanding.
The Effect of a 6-Month Exercise Intervention Trial on Allostatic Load in Black Women at Increased Risk for Breast Cancer: the FIERCE Study.

Allostatic load comprises cardiovascular, metabolic, and inflammatory markers, which is characterized by abdominal obesity, high blood glucose levels, impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension and associated with an increased risk in breast cancer. The study was a 6-month, 3-arm randomized controlled trial of two moderate-intensity exercise interventions (compared with a control group) among obese, physically inactive, postmenopausal Black women aged 45 to 65 years, who were at increased risk for breast cancer based on the CARE model. Two hundred thirteen participants were randomly assigned to (1) supervised, facility-based aerobic exercise intervention (n = 73), (2) home-based exercise intervention (n = 69), or (3) a wait-listed control group (n = 71). The intervention effects of exercise on allostatic load were examined with intent-to-treat analyses using generalized linear models. It was revealed that statistically significant decreases in allostatic load over the 6-month period for both exercise intervention groups (i.e., home-based and supervised arms) compared to the controls were observed among the total population, pc-h = 0.023 and pc-s = 0.035, as well as among women with a family history of breast cancer, pc-h = 0.006 and pc-s = 0.012. Short-term aerobic activity improved allostatic load scores in metabolically unhealthy postmenopausal Black women at increased risk for cancer. Clinical trial registration number NCT02103140.
Walking out on hate: A qualitative investigation of how and why White supremacists quit hate groups.

Through in-depth, semistructured interviews with former White supremacists (N = 9), the authors explored how and why former White supremacists left their hate groups, and why some chose to then speak out against their former racist ideologies. Using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA; Smith et al., 2009), the authors identified nine themes related to the process of leaving one's hate group and becoming an antihate activist. Participants initially left their hate groups because of both painful and encouraging interactions with members of marginalized communities, which led to the disintegration of their White supremacist ideological convictions. Upon exiting, participants navigated threats to their safety, experienced shifts in their social networks, encountered new emotional states, and healed through introspection and connection with others. Finally, participants connected with former White supremacists who had become antihate activists, spoke out publicly against hate, and developed antihate activist identities. The authors offer directions for future research, as well as provide implications for clinical interventions supporting hate group members through their exit processes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Quality-of-Service Support for IP Flows over ATM

This paper describes an extension of a classical IP over ATM implementation which allows to support quality-of-service for IP flows. While standard classical IP over ATM implementations use shared VCs for several IP flows between two end systems, the classical IP over ATM implementation extensions allow to establish separate VCs with individual quality-of-service parameters for single IP flows. The paper describes the modifications of an AIX 4.2 kernel implementation. Mbone video applications using RSVP for resource reservation have been implemented on top of the classical IP over ATM implementation.
A Review of “Factory Girls: From Village to City in a Changing China”

Xenophobic attacks on China because so many consumer goods are now made there have practically spawned their own industry. One American family was so worried that they actually went a year without ...
Electronic structure of the NaxCoO2 surface.

The idea that surface effects may play an important role in suppressing Fermi surface pockets on () has been frequently proposed to explain the discrepancy between local-density approximation calculations which find hole pockets present and Angle resolved photoemission spectra (ARPES) experiments, which do not observe the hole pockets. Since ARPES is a surface sensitive technique, it is important to investigate the effects that surface formation will have on the electronic structure. We show that a combination of surface formation and contamination effects could resolve the ongoing controversy between ARPES experiments and theory.
The Evolution of Evolutionary Linguistics

For more than a century after Darwin’s Origin of Species, linguists said little about the origins of human speech. In the past 30 years, however, some linguists and evolutionary biologists have proposed descriptions of the roles of gestures, the vocal apparatus, cognition, syntax, and social interaction in the emergence of language. This paper summarizes some of their claims, especially those that assume the certainty of Neo-Darwinian evolution. Neo-Darwinism, though, has various critics disputing its claims to be settled fact. After brief consideration of some of those criticisms, the paper will encourage linguists to exercise more caution in their dependence upon Neo-Darwinian theory. Finally, several other fields of science will be mentioned as possible candidates for offering linguists an increasing understanding of the emergence of speech.
Obesity and Renal Disease

With the increasing prevalence of obesity and its impact on metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, more attention is now being focused on the relationship between obesity and renal function. It is now recognized that obesity enhances the progression of renal function deterioration to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in subjects with known preexisting renal disease. In addition, obestiy is associated with a well-described glomerulopathy called focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Finally, and most important, through its close association with type 2 diabetes and hypertension, the two most important causes of ESRD in the United States (1), obesity is now felt to be a major risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease.
Age, Perceived Health, and Specific and Nonspecific Measures of Processing Speed

Abstract Many measures presumed to reflect the duration of specific information processes are currently being used by researchers examining aging and cognition. In this chapter we examine empirical relationships between these measures of specific information processing speed and measures of nonspecific processing efficiency, as well as the influence of adult age and health status on both types of speed measures. The influences of health on both specific and non-specific speed measures were small in the data sets examined, and health status had little or no moderating effects on the relations between age and measures of processing speed. The age-related influences on speed were substantial, but the effects on the specific speed measures were not independent of those on the nonspecific speed measures. Recommendations concerning analyses of measures hypothesized to reflect specific information processes are discussed.
Optimal Allocation of Water Resources in Utah

A linear programming model was formulated to represent the 10 interconnected hydrologic study areas of the state. The comprehensive model considers virtually all uses, areas, sources, transfers, and costs of water. The model has 204 constraints and 338 variables and was solved by the simplex method. Included in the results are the following: the optimal water allocation of the ground water, surface water, and water transfers which minimize the cost; the shadow prices of the resources; sensitivity analyses to identify the critical cost coefficients in the optimal solution; parametric analyses to test the effects of changing constraints; and manipulations of the model to test other factors such as operating rules, legal policies, political, and institutional limitations. Flow diagrams and graphs summarize the important information.
Language Support for Connector Abstractions

Software connectors are increasingly recognized as an important consideration in the design and implementation of object-oriented software systems. Connectors can be used to communicate across a distributed system, coordinate the activities of several objects, or adapt one object’s interface to the interface of another. Mainstream object-oriented languages, however, do not provide explicit support for connectors. As a result, connection code is intermingled with application code, making it difficult to understand, evolve, and reuse connection mechanisms.
Intraspecific competition favours niche width expansion in Drosophila melanogaster

Ecologists have proposed that when interspecific competition is reduced, competition within a species becomes a potent evolutionary force leading to rapid diversification1. This view reflects the observation that populations invading species-poor communities frequently evolve broader niches2. Niche expansion can be associated with an increase in phenotypic variance3,4 (known as character release5), with the evolution of polymorphisms6,7,8,9, or with divergence into many species using distinct resources10,11,12,13 (adaptive radiation). The relationship between intraspecific competition and diversification is known from theory14,15, and has been used as the foundation for some models of speciation16,17,18,19,20. However, there has been little empirical proof that niches evolve in response to intraspecific competition. To test this hypothesis, I introduced cadmium-intolerant Drosophila melanogaster populations to environments containing both cadmium-free and cadmium-laced resources. Here I show that populations experiencing high competition adapted to cadmium more rapidly than low competition populations. This provides experimental confirmation that competition in a population can drive niche expansion onto new resources for which competition is less severe.
Enhancing the CS1 student experience with gamification

Introductory courses offer several opportunities to inspire students to pursue a degree in STEM majors. Attracting and retaining students involves engagement and enjoyment at the individual, team, and class level. We explored the effects of these factors with a gamified approach to programming practice in an introductory computer science course. Gamification involves the use of game design elements in a non-game context to engage and motivate students. We present a novel learning game and the results of play-testing with 12 CS1 students. Students were surveyed prior to and after the gamified programming session. Positive feedback was obtained from the students and the educators observed high participation, interaction, and successful team programming efforts. We objectively report student satisfaction with the game, lessons learned by the educators, and suggest future work for stimulating students in introductory STEM courses.
A new storage reduction technique for the solution of the group problem

This paper shows that by making use of an unusual property of the decision table associated with the dynamic programming solution to the goup problem, it is possible to dispense with table storage as such, and instead overlay values for both the objective and history functions. Furthermore, this storage reduction is accomplished with no loss in computational efficiency. An algorithm is presented which makes use of this technique and incorporates various additional efficiencies. The reduction in storage achieved for problems from the literature is shown.
Computer-based diagnostics for integrated manufacturing systems

Results of a research project which focused on the efficient detection and diagnosis of process faults in integrated manufacturing systems are described. This project attempted to investigate theoretical advancements in the development of a hybrid reasoning scheme for manufacturing diagnostics and to pursue applications to actual manufacturing diagnostic problems. The final implementation goal is a stand-alone computer-based diagnostic workstation which can interact with a programmable logic controller to give diagnostic advice to operating and maintenance personnel. An initial implementation of the diagnostics system has been created using an object-oriented knowledge-engineering environment on a Symbolics 3640 workstation. >
Marmosets treated with oxytocin are more socially attractive to their long-term mate

Adult male-female bonds are partly characterized by initiating and maintaining close proximity with a social partner, as well as engaging in high levels of affiliative and sociosexual behavior. Oxytocin (OXT), a neuromodulatory nonapeptide, plays a critical role in the facilitation of social bonding and prosocial behavior toward a social partner (Feldman, 2012). However, less attention has been given to whether augmentation of OXT levels in an individual alters others' perceptions and behavior toward an OXT-treated social partner. We examined social dynamics in well-established male-female pairs of marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus) in which one member of the pair was administered an intranasal OXT agonist, an OXT antagonist (OXTA), or saline. OXT treatment did not alter the expression of affiliative toward an untreated partner. However, OXT did significantly influence the expression of proximity and grooming behavior with a treated partner, as a function of OXT treatment and sex. Female interest in initiating and maintaining proximity with a pair-mate was altered by OXT treatment. Untreated female marmosets departed from their saline-treated partner more frequently than they approached them, as indicated by a low proximity index score. However, when males received an intranasal OXT agonist they had a significantly increased proximity index score relative to saline, indicating that their untreated partner approached them more often than they departed from them). Saline-treated females initiated and received equivalent levels of grooming behavior. However, when female marmosets were treated with an OXT agonist their untreated partner groomed them proportionately more often, for a greater total duration, and for more time per bout, than they initiated grooming behavior. These results suggest that intranasal OXT altered male and female marmosets' stimulus properties in such a way as to increase the amount of grooming behavior that females received from their long-term mate, as well as increase female interest in initiating and maintaining proximity with their long-term mate. Furthermore, these results support the notion that central OXT activity plays an important neuromodulatory role in the maintenance of long-lasting male-female relationships.