cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
‘The Craftsman's Dream’: Objects and Display in The Children's Book

‘The Craftsman's Dream’: Objects and DisplayinThe Children's Book Morna O'Neill A recent publication in museum studies asserted that ‘we live in a museum age’ even as it asked an existential questi...
Effect of Hydrocarbons on the Morphology of Synthesized Niobium Carbide Nanoparticles

Niobium carbide nanoparticles were synthesized by flowing methane, ethylene, or acetylene gas through a plasma generated from an arc discharge between two niobium electrodes. Varying methane, ethylene, and acetylene concentrations were employed in the studies to investigate their effects on niobium carbide nanoparticle morphology. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and selected area diffraction pattern (SADP) were used to investigate the synthesized NbC nanoparticles, whereupon it was found that these nanoparticles adopt cubic morphology with methane gas, a mixture of cubes and cuboctahedron morphology with ethylene gas, and solely a cuboctahedron morphology with acetylene gas. The change in particle morphology might be attributed to either the ethylene and acetylene free radicals or the increase in carbon concentration effecting the relative growth rates of the {111} and {100} facets on a NbC seed crystal.
Bronchiolitis obliterans and the risk of pneumothorax after transbronchial biopsy

The safety of bronchoscopy and specifically transbronchial biopsy has not been studied in patients with bronchiolitis obliterans. We discuss two patients with bronchiolitis obliterans as a complication of graft versus host disease following allogeneic stem cell transplant. Both underwent bronchoscopy and transbronchial biopsy, which was complicated by pneumothoraces. Patients with bronchiolitis obliterans have an increased risk of spontaneous air leak syndromes. Although no data exists regarding the safety of transbronchial biopsies in patients with airflow obstruction in general, they appear to have increased rates of pneumothoraces following transthoracic biopsies. It is important to consider the potentially increased risk of pneumothoraces when deciding to pursue bronchoscopy and transbronchial biopsy in patients with bronchiolitis obliterans.
Effect of temperature on the release rate of biomolecules from thermally reversible hydrogels

Abstract Poly( N -isopropylacrylamide) hydrogels exhibit a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) and as a result these hydrogels shrink and deswell in aqueous solutions when the temperature is raised through their LCST. This phenomenon is reversible and the gels expand and reswell upon cooling below the LCST. We have investigated the application of these hydrogels in controlled delivery of biologically and industrially important substances. The delivery rate can be greatly accelerated by a relatively small temperature increase through the LCST. We have investigated the swelling of these gels as a function of gel composition and temperature; we have also studied the effect of temperature on the release kinetics of vitamin B 12 from the gel matrix. Biomedical, biotechnological, and industrial applications of such gels are suggested which involve the delivery or removal of drugs, toxins, solutes or solvents.
Ambient formaldehyde detection with a laser spectrometer based on difference-frequency generation in PPLN

A laser spectrometer based on difference-frequency generation in periodically poled LiNbO3 (PPLN) has been used to quantify atmospheric formaldehyde with a detection limit of 0.32 parts per billion in a given volume (ppbV) using specifically developed data-processing techniques. With state-of-the-art fiber-coupled diode-laser pump sources at 1083 nm and 1561 nm, difference-frequency radiation has been generated in the 3.53-micrometers (2832-cm-1) spectral region. Formaldehyde in ambient air in the 1- to 10-ppb V range has been detected continuously for nine and five days at two separate field sites in the Greater Houston area operated by the Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission (TNRCC) and the Houston Regional Monitoring Corporation (HRM). The acquired spectroscopic data are compared with results obtained by a well-established wet-chemical o-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl) hydroxylamine (PFBHA) technique.
SU-FF-I-67: Converting CT Dose Length Product (DLP) to Kerma Area Product (KAP)

Purpose: The amount of radiation that is incident on patients in CT is measured using the Dose Length Product (DLP mGy‐cm) which is not commensurate with the corresponding quantity currently used in radiography and fluoroscopy, namely the Kerma Area Product [KAP]. This study computed DLP to KAP conversion factors that will enable patient exposures in CT to be compared with radiography and fluoroscopy.Method and Materials: We computed the DLP and KAP values for head and abdominal CT examinations on a GE LS 16 CT scanner for the same examination. Scan DLP data were obtained using the ImPACT spreadsheet. Average CT Kerma values were obtained from the free‐in‐air intensity of the CT at the scanner isocenter and relative intensities within the fan beam plane. Average x‐ray beam areas were obtained using the focal isocenter distance (541 mm) and modeling adult patients as ellipses (heads radii of 7.38 cm/9.47; abdomens radii of 11.25 cm/15.5 cm). Values of KAP were computed per 100 mGy‐cm for head and abdominal CT scanning computed in 16 cm and 32 cm diameter acrylic cylinders, respectively. Results: In head and body CT, a DLP of 100 mGy‐cm corresponds to a KAP incident on the patient of 1.9 Gy‐cm2 and 5.4 Gy‐cm2, respectively. Conclusion: Conversion of DLP into KAP permit patient exposures in CT to be compared to exposures in radiography and fluoroscopy including head and chest radiography (∼1 Gy‐cm2), abdominal radiography (∼5 Gy‐cm2), barium studies (∼20 Gy‐cm2) and interventional procedures (∼100 Gy‐cm2).
Predictors of Suicide Attempt Status: Acquired Capability, Ideation, and Reasons

The present study compared Non-Attempters, Recent Attempters, and Distant Attempters on the following three constructs: Acquired capability for suicide, reasons for attempting suicide (internal perturbation based reasons vs. extrapunitive/manipulative reasons), and suicidal ideation. Participants were 40 Non-Attempters, 28 Recent Attempters, and 32 Distant Attempters at three state psychiatric hospitals. The sample consisted of 63 males and 37 females ranging in age from 18 to 63 years (M = 35.84, SD = 11.44). All patients completed the self-report measures. There were significant differences between the groups on suicidal ideation and acquired capability for suicide. The results of the present study indicate that acquired capability and reasons for attempting suicide have considerable importance for understanding suicide risk. Integration of acquired capability for suicide and reasons for attempting suicide into assessment and treatment is warranted.
4π noncoplanar stereotactic body radiation therapy for centrally located or larger lung tumors.

Purpose To investigate the dosimetric improvements in stereotactic body radiation therapy for patients with larger or central lung tumors using a highly noncoplanar 4π planning system. Methods and Materials This study involved 12 patients with centrally located or larger lung tumors previously treated with 7- to 9-field static beam intensity modulated radiation therapy to 50 Gy. They were replanned using volumetric modulated arc therapy and 4π plans, in which a column generation method was used to optimize the beam orientation and the fluence map. Maximum doses to the heart, esophagus, trachea/bronchus, and spinal cord, as well as the 50% isodose volume, the lung volumes receiving 20, 10, and 5 Gy were minimized and compared against the clinical plans. A dose escalation study was performed to determine whether a higher prescription dose to the tumor would be achievable using 4π without violating dose limits set by the clinical plans. The deliverability of 4π plans was preliminarily tested. Results Using 4π plans, the maximum heart, esophagus, trachea, bronchus and spinal cord doses were reduced by 32%, 72%, 37%, 44%, and 53% ( P ≤.001), respectively, and R 50 was reduced by more than 50%. Lung V 20 , V 10 , and V 5 were reduced by 64%, 53%, and 32% ( P ≤.001), respectively. The improved sparing of organs at risk was achieved while also improving planning target volume (PTV) coverage. The minimal PTV doses were increased by the 4π plans by 12% ( P =.002). Consequently, escalated PTV doses of 68 to 70 Gy were achieved in all patients. Conclusions We have shown that there is a large potential for plan quality improvement and dose escalation for patients with larger or centrally located lung tumors using noncoplanar beams with sufficient quality and quantity. Compared against the clinical volumetric modulated arc therapy and static intensity modulated radiation therapy plans, the 4π plans yielded significantly and consistently improved tumor coverage and critical organ sparing. Given the known challenges in central structure dose constraints in stereotactic body radiation therapy to the lung, 4π planning may increase efficacy and reduce toxicity.
Effects of sulphur content on superconductivity and intercalation in transition metal disulphides

THE nearly two-dimensional character of the group IVB and VB transition metal dichalcogenides intercalated with organic molecules1 makes the superconducting metals logical choices for the study of superconductivity in two dimensions. Many anisotropic semiconductors could be used as electronic devices. But scientific investigation has been restricted partly by the quality of available crystals. A number of complexes are metastable at room temperature, and others deintercalate below 150° C. Many intercalation compounds become greatly exfoliated so that measurements of single crystals become quite difficult. Other crystals exhibit little or no registry between adjacent layers. In one case—TaS2 (pyridine)½—two phases of intercalated material have been detected. We have found that the addition of sulphur to the intercalate both orders and thermally stabilises the resulting complex. The removal of sulphur by the intercalate increases disorder and thermal instability.
Analysis for magnetic moment and electric dipole moment form factors of the top quark via e + e − → tt ¯

Phenomenological analysis for determining the magnetic moment and electric dipole moment form factors of the top quark via the reaction e + e − →tt, followed by the decays t→bW + and t→bW − , is presented, with analytic expressions for the differential cross section and decay given. Various experimental observables are studied and their efficacy for the determination of form factors is considered and compared with the optimal resolution of form factors in the ttγ and ttZ vertices. We find that with a sample of 10000 events it is possible to put limits of 10 −18 -10 −19 e cm for the form factors considered, evaluated at q 2 =s when √s≃500 GeV
Computational technique for three-dimensional compressible flow past wings at high angles of attack

A computational technique, based on the integral solution of the full potential equation, has been developed for the solution of three-dimensional high-subsonic flows past wings at high angles of attack. The problem includes two sources of nonlinearities: a boundary oriented nonlinearity (separated flow roll up) and a region oriented nonlinearity (flow compressibility). The former is represented by a nonlinear vortex lattice while the latter is represented by a source distribution inside a finite volume. The solution is obtained by using double iteration cycles; a separated flow (wake) iteration cycle and a compressibility iteration cycle. The computational technique is applied to a delta wing. The results show that the technique is very promising and efficient.
Specific gravity of various feedstuffs as affected by particle size and in vitro fermentation

Abstract Experiments were designed to compare true and functional specific gravity of feed particles and to study the effects of particle size and in vitro fermentation on functional specific gravity. True specific gravity was estimated by centrifuging size fractions of various feedstuffs in ethanol-carbon tetrachloride density gradients. Functional specific gravity was determined in pycnometers. True specific gravity ranged from 1.3 to 1.5 but did not consistently differ with feedstuff or particle size. In contrast, functional specific gravity was affected by feedstuff, particle size (for forages), and in vitro fermentation. Functional specific gravity increased as forage particle size decreased and, for different forages, changed similarly over the in vitro fermentation period. A significant forage by particle size interaction suggested that differences in functional specific gravity between forages were not maintained as particle size changed. Part of the reduction in ruminal retention time achieved by decreasing the particle size of a feedstuff may result from its effects on functional specific gravity. Manipulating the diet to alter the functional specific gravity of particles in the rumen may help to obtain the desired effects on digestion in and passage from the rumen.
The biological and clinical effects of smoking by patients with cancer and strategies to implement evidence-based tobacco cessation support

Summary Tobacco use is an established risk factor for the development of several cancers; however, far less work has been done to understand the effects of continued smoking on cancer treatment outcomes, and structured tobacco cessation efforts are not well incorporated into the standard care for patients with cancer. In this Review we discuss the known biological effects of smoking on cancer cell biology and emphasise the clinical effects of continued smoking in patients with cancer treated with chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Although evidence supports the need for inclusion of dedicated tobacco cessation efforts for patients with cancer, clinicians should consider the methods used to provide evidence-based tobacco cessation support and the available resources to deliver and maintain consistent tobacco cessation support. We also address the variables to consider in the design and implementation of a sustainable tobacco cessation programme.
Topographic-based feature labeling for infrared oceanographic images

Abstract A general computational framework is proposed to address the problem of labeling oceanographic images. The essential ideas stem from fitting a bicubic polynomial to each pixel's neighborhood and assigning topological labels based on the first and second directional derivatives of the polynomial surface. The topographic approach has been successfully applied by numerous previous investigators to other problems. The motivation of our work is to build a complete autonomous and self-contained module that segments and labels oceanographic images. In this paper, the relationship between the oceanographic features in infrared satellite imagery and the topographic structures is presented. Algorithms are developed that demonstrate the ability to locate and identify the North and South Walls of the Gulf Stream and to find approximate centers of warm and cold eddies. Experimental results on detecting these oceanographic features are provided.
Information foraging models of browsers for very large document spaces

Information Foraging (IF) Theory addresses user strategies and technology for seeking, gathering, and using on-line information. We present IF-based models and evaluations of two interfaces: the Scatter/Gather browser for large document collections, and the Butterfly interface for surfing the citation link structure of scientific literatures. A computational cognitive model, ACT-IF, models observed users by assuming that they have heuristics that optimize their information foraging behavior in accordance with IF theory.
Evidence for Adaptive Autoregulatory Displacement in Hypotensive Cortical Territories Adjacent to Arteriovenous Malformations

ABSTRACTWE HYPOTHESIZED THAT chronic hypotension in normal vascular territories fed by arteriovenous malformation pedicles may reset the lower limit of autoregulation and allow flow to remain constant over a lower pressure range. We studied the effect of increasing systemic mean arterial pressure (S
Kinetics of hydrogen desorption from germanium-covered Si(100)

Abstract Two models from the recent literature, proposed to describe the apparent effect of Ge coverage on silicon monohydride desorption kinetics, are evaluated based on their ability to fit temperature-programmed desorption data, an evaluation of the physical consistency of the estimated kinetic constants, and a comparison with the effects of other atomic impurities (B, P, C) on hydrogen desorption from Si(100). The first model attributes the decrease in the peak temperature for silicon monohydride (β1) desorption with increasing Ge coverage to a long-range electronic effect that reduces the activation barrier uniformly over the entire surface. It is shown that this model fails to fit the high Ge coverage data unless the preexponential factor also decreases by approximately nine orders of magnitude, which is physically implausible. The second model considers the possibility of an alternate pathway to depopulate the silicon monohydride phase, in which hydrogen diffuses from the silicon to the germanium surface phase, and desorbs rapidly from a short-lived GeH intermediate. The estimated activation barrier for the surface migration step of 25 ± 1 kcal mol−1 is thermodynamically consistent with the energetics of hydrogen desorption from Si and Ge, and its magnitude is intermediate between the estimated activation barriers for hydrogen surface diffusion on Si and Ge. Although Ge may modify the energetics of the interaction of hydrogen and silicon, it is concluded that such an effect alone is insufficient to describe the shift and broadening of the β1 feature, while the GeH intermediate model succeeds, even in the absence of any such effect.
Obesity increases the risk of UV radiation-induced oxidative stress and activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling

Obesity has been implicated in several diseases, including cancer; however, the relationship of obesity and susceptibility to ultraviolet (UV) radiation-caused skin diseases has not been investigated. As UV-induced oxidative stress has been implicated in several skin diseases, we assessed the role of obesity on UVB-induced oxidative stress in genetically obese Lep(ob)/Lep(ob) (leptin-deficient) mice. Here, we report that chronic exposure to UVB (120 mJ/cm(2)) resulted in greater oxidative stress in the skin of obese mice in terms of higher levels of H(2)O(2) and NO production, photo-oxidative damage of lipids and proteins, and greater depletion of antioxidant defense enzymes, like glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase. As UV-induced oxidative stress mediates activation of MAPK and NF-kappaB signaling pathways, we determined the effects of UVB on these pathways in obese mice. Exposure of obese mice to UVB resulted in phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 proteins of the MAPK family. Compared to wild-type mice, the obese mice exhibited higher levels of phosphorylation of these proteins, greater activation of NF-kappaB/p65, and higher levels of circulating proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6, on UVB irradiation. Taking these results together, our study suggests for the first time that obesity in mice is associated with greater susceptibility to UVB-induced oxidative stress and therefore may be a risk factor for skin diseases associated with UVB-induced oxidative stress.
Individual differences in college students' performance on formal operations tasks

Abstract Piaget has suggested that the stage of formal operations may be present in all normal adults, albeit in different areas according to aptitudes and professional specialization. Three formal operations tasks (pendulum, political socialization concepts, and literary styles analysis) were chosen to represent the content of problems encountered in three fields of academic specialization (physics, political science, and English). Ten male junior and senior college students in each of the three academic majors were tested on the three tasks. A significant academic major by task interaction was obtained. Results supported the hypothesis that young adults evidence formal level reasoning in accordance with their college majors. Explanations of task-specific formal level performance were considered. Individual differences in formal operations attainment have implications for assessment of adult intelligence.
Role for cytoplasmic nucleotide hydrolysis in hepatic function and protein synthesis

Nucleotide hydrolysis is essential for many aspects of cellular function. In the case of 3′,5′-bisphosphorylated nucleotides, mammals possess two related 3′-nucleotidases, Golgi-resident 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphate (PAP) phosphatase (gPAPP) and Bisphosphate 3′-nucleotidase 1 (Bpnt1). gPAPP and Bpnt1 localize to distinct subcellular compartments and are members of a conserved family of metal-dependent lithium-sensitive enzymes. Although recent studies have demonstrated the importance of gPAPP for proper skeletal development in mice and humans, the role of Bpnt1 in mammals remains largely unknown. Here we report that mice deficient for Bpnt1 do not exhibit skeletal defects but instead develop severe liver pathologies, including hypoproteinemia, hepatocellular damage, and in severe cases, frank whole-body edema and death. Accompanying these phenotypes, we observed tissue-specific elevations of the substrate PAP, up to 50-fold in liver, repressed translation, and aberrant nucleolar architecture. Remarkably, the phenotypes of the Bpnt1 knockout are rescued by generating a double mutant mouse deficient for both PAP synthesis and hydrolysis, consistent with a mechanism in which PAP accumulation is toxic to tissue function independent of sulfation. Overall, our study defines a role for Bpnt1 in mammalian physiology and provides mechanistic insights into the importance of sulfur assimilation and cytoplasmic PAP hydrolysis to normal liver function.
Root distribution of soft-stem bulrush (Scirpus validus) in a constructed wetland

Rooting patterns of soft-stem bulrush (Scirpus validus Vahl.) were assessed in a recently established wastewater treatment wetland to quantify volume of substrate occupied by roots and variation in root distribution. After two growing seasons, most roots occurred in the upper 12–15 cm of substrate. Lateral root growth was also limited throughout the cells, and survival was poor near the cell outlets. Consequently, only 5% of the substrate was occupied by roots.
The hall effect in pBa2Cu3O7−δ and other high-temperature superconductors

Abstract Above the superconducting transition temperature Tc, the Hall coefficient RH in pBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO) is proportional to 1 T , and the cotangent of the Hall angle πh is proportional to T2. In the other high-Tc cuprate superconductors, the results are pualitativelp similar. Immediatelp belop Tc, the Hall effect in these materials changes sign as the applied magnetic field H is varied. Until verp recentlp, this sign reversal had defied all theoretical attempts to explain it. Recent theoretical results of Dorsep et al. and Kopnin et al. have, for the first time, enabled the sign reversal to be successfullp analpped. For YBCO, the fitting coefficients are found to have poper-lap dependencies on the temperature, indicating that one map be able to calculate these coefficients directlp from phpsicallp motivated considerations.
Risk analysis for accounting models: A spreadsheet simulation approach

Abstract Risk analysis can be performed on accounting models using spreadsheet add-ins having statistical forecasting and simulation capabilities. Modeling uncertainty, performing a simulation, and viewing probability distributions of key output variables present to students the risk within a modeled relationship. This use of technology for accounting instruction is presented for capital budgeting, budgeted cash flow, and a budgeted income statement.
Queueing models of predation and the importance of contingent behavioural choices for optimal foragers

Abstract Queueing models are developed for predators that make captures while handling. The predator ‘serves’ prey by eating them, and ‘customers’ captured while the predator is feeding represeni a queue of prey awaiting ‘service’. Holling's disc equation for the type II functional response is shown to be a special case of a queueing model. Optimal foraging models for queueing predators predict that behavioural choices by predators should be contingent upon current queue size. For predators choosing between prey types, the decision to attack low-quality prey depends on queue size at intermediate densities of high-quality prey. At these densities, low-quality prey should be attacked if the predator is unoccupied, but ignored if the predator is already handling prey. For predators choosing when to abandon prey and resume searching, the giving up criterion is predicted to depend on current queue size. Predators should tolerate a greater degree of depletion of the food available in a prey item (longer handling times) when there are no prey waiting in the queue. Studies of foraging in queueing predators have ignored the potential importance of such contingent behavioural choices. However, observations on the relationship between handling time and queue size in one queueing predator are consistent with predictions of the queueing model.
Near the ground laser communication system: anisoplantic studies based on the PSF measurements

ABSTRACT Near the ground laser communication systems must operate in the presence strong atmospheric turbulence. Tomodel the performance of a laser communicationsystem operating in the real worldwe have developedan outdoor3.2 km, partially over water, turbulence measurement and monitoring communication link. The transmitter sideis equipped with the laser and the bank of 20 horizonta lly, in-line mounted light emitting diodes. The receiverside consists of two channels used for wavefront sensor and point spread function measurements. The eects ofanisoplanatism on the point spread function and statistics of Fried parameter r 0 are discussed in this article.Keywords: laser communication channel, anisoplanatism, turbulence, scintillation, adaptive optics, PSF, WFS. 1. INTRODUCTION Free space optical (FSO)communication channels incorporate a light emitting diode (LED) or laser point sourcefor data transmission where an energy beam is collimated and transmitted through space rather than beingguided through an optical cable. In FSO communica tion systems a modulated laser/LED beam through achannel which is either totally through the atmosphere, such as in the case of terrestrial and airborne commu-nications, or at least partly through the atmosphere, such as in the case of earth to satellite communication.The fundamental limitation of free space optical communications arises from the environment through whichit propagates. Although relatively unaect ed by rain and snow, free space optical communication systems canbe severely aected by fog and atmospheric turbulence. Atmospheric turbulence aects the quality of the laserbeam arriving at the receiver in nearl y all cases, though if the path lengt h is suciently short, the eects oncommunications quality are negligible. However, as the turbulence strength or the propagation distance in-creases, the eects of turbulence at the receiver become stronger.
Expression of Acid Invertase Gene Controls Sugar Composition in Tomato (Lycopersicon) Fruit

A wild tomato species, Lycopersicon chmielewskii, accumulates high levels of soluble sugar in mature fruit and, unlike the domesticated tomato species, Lycopersicon esculentum, accumulates sucrose rather than glucose and fructose. Genetic and biochemical analyses of progeny resulting from a cross of L. chmielewskii with L. esculentum have previously indicated that the trait of sucrose accumulation is controlled by a single recessive gene and is associated with low levels of acid invertase protein in the developing fruit. Analysis of progeny from the BC2F3 generation from the L. esculentum x L. chmielewskii cross revealed that sucrose-accumulating fruit accumulate sugar in two phases corresponding to fruit expansion and fruit maturation and that the majority of the sucrose was stored in the latter phase after the fruit had reached maximum size. The only significant enzymic difference between the sucrose-accumulating and hexose-accumulating fruit was the lack of acid invertase activity in sucrose-accumulating fruit. Sucrose phosphate synthase activity did not increase in the sucrose-accumulating fruit during late development when the rate of sucrose accumulation increased. The lack of acid invertase activity in sucrose-accumulating fruit was correlated with inheritance of the L. chmielewskii acid invertase gene and the absence of acid invertase mRNA in developing fruit. This suggests that the L.chmielewskii invertase gene is transcriptionally silent in fruit and that this is the basis for sucrose accumulation in progeny derived from the interspecific cross of L. esculentum and L. chmielewskii.
Dynamic changes in the genomic localization of DNA replication-related element binding factor during the cell cycle

DREF was first characterized for its role in the regulation of transcription of genes encoding proteins involved in DNA replication and found to interact with sequences similar to the DNA recognition motif of the BEAF-32 insulator protein. Insulators are DNA-protein complexes that mediate intra- and inter-chromosome interactions. Several DNA-binding insulator proteins have been described in Drosophila, including BEAF-32, dCTCF and Su(Hw). Here we find that DREF and BEAF-32 co-localize at the same genomic sites, but their enrichment shows an inverse correlation. Furthermore, DREF co-localizes in the genome with other insulator proteins, suggesting that the function of this protein may require components of Drosophila insulators. This is supported by the finding that mutations in insulator proteins modulate DREF-induced cell proliferation. DREF persists bound to chromatin during mitosis at a subset of sites where it also co-localizes with dCTCF, BEAF-32 and CP190. These sites are highly enriched for sites w...
High resolution electronic spectroscopy of o- and m-toluidine in the gas phase. barrier height determinations for the methyl group torsional motions.

High resolution electronic spectra of o- and m-toluidine have each been recorded for the S1rS0 origin band transitions of the isolated molecules. Each spectrum is split into two sub-bands owing to tunneling motions along the methyl group torsional coordinate. Analyses of these data provide information about the preferred configurations of the methyl groups and the barriers opposing their motions in both the ground and excited electronic states. Despite their apparent similarities, the experiments reveal that these properties are quite different in the two molecules. Possible reasons for this behavior are discussed.
Antihyperalgesic activity of epibatidine in the formalin model of facial pain.

Abstract A growing body of evidence supports a nicotinic cholinergic approach to pain management, as neuronal nicotinic receptor agonists have shown efficacy across animal models of both inflammatory and neuropathic pain. However, most of these investigations have focused on the spinal system, and there is to date no report of nicotinic receptor-mediated antinociception in any pain model involving the trigeminal field of innervation. Thus, the purpose of the present studies was to evaluate whether the neuronal nicotinic receptor agonist epibatidine possesses antihyperalgesic activity in the formalin model of facial pain. Adult, male, Sprague–Dawley rats received a 50-μl, subcutaneous injection of 5% formalin into one vibrissal pad and the consequent, facial grooming behavior was monitored. Consistent with previous investigations using the formalin model, animals exhibited two periods of nocifensive grooming: (1) an acute phase that began immediately, peaked at 3 min and almost completely abated by 6 min, and (2) a tonic phase that began between 6 and 9 min, peaked at 21 min and slowly diminished over the ensuing 24 min. The subcutaneous administration of epibatidine (1–5 μg/kg) 5 min prior to the formalin injection led to a significant, dose-dependent reduction of both the acute and tonic phases of hyperalgesia. Separate groups of animals receiving epibatidine either 15, 30 or 60 min prior to the formalin injection exhibited a progressively diminishing antihyperalgesic response that was no longer significant in either phase by 30 min. Finally, pretreatment with the selective neuronal nicotinic receptor antagonist mecamylamine completely abolished the antihyperalgesic effect of epibatidine in both phases. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that in both the acute and tonic phases of the formalin model of facial pain, epibatidine produces a neuronal nicotinic receptor-mediated antihyperalgesia that is both dose- and time-dependent. These results support the rationale for exploring the clinical efficacy of nicotinic agonists as analgesics to treat certain types of trigeminal pain in humans.
The Utility of the Camera in Qualitative Inquiry

more than a "mirror of reality," it was a "mirror with a memory" (Davidson & Lytle, 1986, p. 217). Edward Weston spoke to this perception when he said, "Only with effort can the camera be forced to lie: basically it is an honest medium: so the photographer is much more likely to approach nature in a spirit of inquiry, of communion, instead of with the saucy swagger of selfdubbed 'artists' " (Sontag, 1977, p. 186). The still camera is ideally suited for some aspects of qualitative research in the broader stream of social science in-
The Association of Birth Weight with Developmental Trends in Blood Pressure from Childhood through Mid-Adulthood The Bogalusa Heart Study

Low birth weight has been found to be associated with cardiovascular mortality and morbidity and with an adverse profile of several cardiovascular risk factors. The inverse association between birth weight and blood pressure was consistently reported from many populations. Using longitudinal data from the Bogalusa Heart Study (Louisiana), the authors investigated the association between birth weight and progression of blood pressure through early adulthood, comparing that relation between African Americans and Whites. Birth data of 2,275 participants, screened two or more times in the Bogalusa Heart Study between 1973 and 2001, were retrospectively obtained from birth certificates and were linked to their clinical, laboratory, and socioeconomic and lifestyle data in the Bogalusa Heart Study data sets. Birth weight was inversely associated with systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and pulse pressure (p � 0.01 for all). For every 1-kg increase in birth weight, systolic blood pressure dropped by 1.9 mmHg (95% confidence interval: � 2.6, � 1.3), diastolic blood pressure by 0.7 mmHg (95% confidence interval: � 1.2, � 0.2), and pulse pressure by 1.2 mmHg (95% confidence interval: � 1.7, � 0.7). The interaction of birth weight with ethnicity was not significant for any outcome. Birth weight was inversely associated with later blood pressure. The strength of that association did not differ between African Americans and Whites.
Cardiovascular effects of tadalafil

To determine the effects of tadalafil on the cardiovascular system, safety assessments were performed on a database of >4000 subjects who received tadalafil in >60 clinical pharmacology, phase 2, phase 3, and open-label studies. In healthy subjects, tadalafil resulted in small changes in blood pressure, which are not believed to be clinically relevant. Daily administration of tadalafil 20 mg for 26 weeks in healthy male subjects or patients with mild erectile dysfunction resulted in blood pressure changes similar to those observed after placebo administration. In patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), tadalafil administration before nitrate administration resulted in small decreases in blood pressure. The resulting mean maximal change in standing systolic blood pressure (SBP) after coadministration of sublingual nitroglycerin in patients with chronic stable angina was -36 mm Hg for tadalafil 5 mg, -31 mm Hg for tadalafil 10 mg, and -28 mm Hg for placebo. In addition, a larger number of men had a standing SBP or=55 years of age) with no overt evidence of CAD, the resulting mean maximal change in standing SBP after coadministration of sublingual nitroglycerin was -25 mm Hg for tadalafil 10 mg, -29 mm Hg for sildenafil 50 mg, and -25 mm Hg for placebo. Cardiac mortality rates in tadalafil studies are consistent with the expected rate in this male population. Across all studies, the incidence rate of myocardial infarction was low in tadalafil-treated patients (0.43 per 100 patient-years) compared with patients who received placebo (0.6 per 100 patient-years), and the incidence rate was comparable to that observed in the age-standardized male population (0.60 per 100 patient-years). The incidence rate of presumed thrombotic strokes in tadalafil studies (0.27 per 100 patient-years) is comparable to the expected rate in this patient population. The data presented herein suggest that tadalafil can be safely used by healthy subjects and by patients with cardiovascular diseases. As with sildenafil, the use of tadalafil is contraindicated in patients receiving nitrate therapy because of the potential for significant hypotensive effects.
Does corporate ownership structure affect its strategy towards diversification

We claim that there is a link between corporate control structure and managers’ strategy towards unrelated mergers and risk diversification. Companies with greater ownership concentration are less diversified. Evidence also shows that corporate diversification generally results in value loss while focussing is value increasing. This highlights the potentially detrimental effect of agency problems on corporate strategy. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inhibition of cardiac L-type calcium channels by protein kinase C phosphorylation of two sites in the N-terminal domain.

We have investigated the mechanism underlying the modulation of the cardiac L-type Ca2+ current by protein kinase C (PKC). Using the patch-clamp technique, we found that PKC activation by 4-α-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or rac-1-oleyl-2-acetylglycerol (OAG) caused a substantial reduction in Ba2+ current through Cav1.2 channels composed of α11.2, β1b, and α2δ1 subunits expressed in tsA-201 cells. In contrast, Ba2+ current through a cloned brain isoform of the Cav1.2 channel (rbC-II) was unaffected by PKC activation. Two potential sites of PKC phosphorylation are present at positions 27 and 31 in the cardiac form of Cav1.2, but not in the brain form. Deletion of N-terminal residues 2–46 prevented PKC inhibition. Conversion of the threonines at positions 27 and 31 to alanine also abolished the PKC sensitivity of Cav1.2. Mutant Cav1.2 channels in which the threonines were converted singly to alanines were also insensitive to PKC modulation, suggesting that phosphorylation of both residues is required for PKC-dependent modulation. Consistent with this, mutating each of the threonines individually to aspartate in separate mutants restored the PKC sensitivity of Cav1.2, indicating that a change in net charge by phosphorylation of both sites is responsible for inhibition. Our results define the molecular basis for inhibition of cardiac Cav1.2 channels by the PKC pathway.
Child victims of sexual assault: impact of court procedures

This presentation describes the emotional reaction patterns seen in child/adolescent victims of incest and non-incest sexual assault and details how court procedures may impair the resolution of these patterns. An advocate role for the therapist in minimizing the possible trauma associated with legal proceedings is presented.
Proteoglycans from bovine fetal epiphyseal cartilage. Sedimentation velocity and light scattering studies of the effect of link protein on proteoglycan aggregate size and stability.

Proteoglycan monomer and link proteins were isolated from bovine fetal epiphyseal cartilage and characterized. The physical characteristics of proteoglycan monomer were: s020 = 21.3 S, D0t,z = 4.25 × 10-8cm2/sec, Mw = 3 × 106 and Rg,z = 980A. Link protein preparations contained link proteins 1 and 2, but little or none of the fragment, link protein 3.Link protein-stabilized and link protein-free proteoglycan aggregates were reassembled from proteoglycan monomer, link protein and hyaluronate. The effect of epiphyseal cartilage link protein on aggregate size and stability was examined in sedimentation velocity studies. Compared with link protein from mature bovine nasal and articular cartilages, which contain appreciable amounts of link protein 3, epiphyseal cartilage link protein dramatically stabilized aggregates at pH 5. In the presence of link protein, 92% of the proteoglycan monomers were bound as aggregate at pH 7, and 81% were bound at pH 5. In the absence of link protein, 51% of monomers were bound ...
The professional job search

In the past three or four years, more than any other time, engineers who work in the pulp and paper industry and related businesses are finding themselves out of work. For some, it is the first time since they graduated from college and it is a situation that they have never envisioned for themselves. This paper is a case study on some of the requirements for a professional job search, the preparations, the work, and the problems. This is not intended to be all inclusive, nor is it intended to be another "how to" textbook like so many that line the shelves down at the bookstore.
The legacy of Bhopal: The impact over the last 20 years and future direction

Abstract Chemical process safety was not a major public concern prior to 1984. As far as chemical hazards were concerned, public fears focused on disease (cancer) and environmental degradation. Even a series of major process incident tragedies did not translate into widespread public concerns about major incidents in chemical plants that might disastrously affect the public. This situation changed completely after the December 1984 disaster at the Union Carbide plant in Bhopal. Not only was the public's confidence in the chemical industry shaken, the chemical industry itself questioned whether its provisions for protection against major incidents were adequate. The recognition of the need for technical advances and implementation of management systems led to a number of initiatives by various stakeholders throughout the world. Governments and local authorities throughout the world initiated regulatory regimes. Has all that has resulted from the legacy of Bhopal reduced the frequency and severity of incidents? How can we answer this question? As we move into more and more globalization and other complexities what are the challenges we must address? According to the authors, some of these challenges are widespread dissemination and sharing of lessons learned, risk migration because of globalization, changing workforce, and breakthroughs in emerging areas in process safety.
Anatomic predisposition to ligamentous Lisfranc injury: a matched case-control study

Background: Subtle, or ligamentous, Lisfranc injuries occur following low-energy trauma to the midfoot and can be debilitating. Since they are ligamentous, they may not heal, requiring arthrodesis in some cases. Certain mortise anatomic characteristics on radiographs have been shown to be associated with a predisposition to the ligamentous subtype of Lisfranc injuries. It is not known whether there are other morphometric characteristics, such as arch height or the relative length of the second metatarsal, that can similarly influence the predisposition to these injuries. Methods: The present retrospective matched case-control study involved fifty-two control subjects and twenty-six patients with ligamentous Lisfranc injuries treated from 2006 to 2010 at two institutions. Clinical and radiographic data (second metatarsal length relative to foot length, first intermetatarsal angle, navicular-cuboid overlap relative to cuboid vertical height, first metatarsal-talus angle, and calcaneal pitch angle) were examined for the existence of significant differences between control and Lisfranc subjects. Logistic regression analysis was then performed to evaluate potential risk for injury on the basis of these anatomic variables. Results: Compared with matched controls, patients with a ligamentous Lisfranc injury were found to have a significantly smaller ratio of second metatarsal length to foot length (p < 0.001) on weight-bearing radiographs. Conclusions: Occurrence of a ligamentous Lisfranc injury was shown to be associated with a smaller ratio of second metatarsal length to foot length; >50% of patients in the injury group had a ratio of <29%. Level of Evidence: Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Growth motivation attenuates the self-serving attribution

This study examined whether growth motivation would attenuate the self-serving attribution. Previous studies found that people made more internal attributions for success than for failure and that people with high self-esteem made more external attributions for failure than those with low self-esteem. In this study, participants took a listening comprehension test and rated the extent to which a success or failure score was due to them. The score was randomly assigned. It was found that people with high self-esteem and high growth motivation made more internal attributions for failure than those with high self-esteem but low growth motivation. Implications for research on self-esteem were discussed.
MicroRNA-31 Is Significantly Elevated in Both Human Endometrium and Serum During the Window of Implantation: A Potential Biomarker for Optimum Receptivity

The window of implantation of human embryos into the endometrium spans Cycle Days 20-24 of the 28-day menstrual cycle. However, uterine receptivity may not be reliably replicated in infertile patients throughout this span. Thus, it is of importance to be able to determine optimal receptivity through a minimally invasive measure. We screened expression of a number of candidate micro-RNAs (miRNAs) in endometrial tissues and serum collected from a panel of fertile women during both the proliferative phase and the secretory phase of a normal menstrual cycle. We found that several miRNAs were significantly elevated in endometrial tissues in the secretory phase versus the proliferative phase. One of these, miR-31, was found to be not only detectable in serum samples but also significantly elevated in the secretory phase versus the proliferative phase. MiR-31 is known to target several immunomodulatory factors, such as FOXP3 and CXCL12. We find that both of these factors are significantly downregulated in endometrial tissues during the secretory phase. Our data suggest that miR-31 is a potential biomarker for optimal endometrial receptivity, possibly operating through an immunosuppressive mechanism.