cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Residue Management, Seed Production, Crop Development, and Turf Quality in Diverse Kentucky Bluegrass Germplasm

Field burning has traditionally been used to stimulate Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) seed production, but air quality issues are making this practice untenable. Our objectives were to determine agronomic and crop developmental responses of 45 diverse Kentucky bluegrass entries under burned, mechanically removed, and residue-retained management systems, assess the scope for improving yield under nonthermal residue management, and relate seed yield and turf quality factors. Compared with burned treatments, yield was reduced 27% when residue was mechanically removed from plots, and 63% when residue was retained. Higher yield was promoted by a long heading-to-anthesis period, a relatively short anthesis-to-harvest period, and an early harvest date (maturity). Although both seeds per panicle and fertile panicles per square meter were positively correlated with yield, lower yield with nonthermal residue management was closely associated with panicles per square meter. For six of the 15 highest-yielding entries, no significant difference was found between yield in the burned and residue-removed treatments, showing the dependence of yield on genotype under different residue management systems. Turf quality was negatively correlated with yield (r = -0.48, P < 0.01, n = 44) and seeds per panicle (r = -0.55, P < 0.01, n # 44). However, panicles per square meter were not significantly correlated with turf quality, so indirect selection for yield through genotypes with high panicles per square meter in the absence of high seeds per panicle should have minimal Impact on turf quality. Sufficient variation for seed production appears available to encourage development of germplasm for nonthermal management systems.
Effects of smoking on platelets and on plasma thromboxane-prostacyclin balance in man

To determine the influence of brief period of smoking on platelet release and platelet-vessel wall prostaglandins, we studied 13 non-smokers and 15 habitual smokers. Blood samples were collected before and immediately after smoking. Before smoking plasma beta-thromboglobulin levels were similar in the two groups. Plasma levels of thromboxane B2 (TXB2), stable metabolite of TXA2 were slightly higher (124 +/- 43 vs 101 +/- 36 pg/ml) and of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (stable metabolite of PGI2) lower (39 +/- 23 vs 63 +/- 23 pg/ml) in smokers compared to non-smokers. Immediately after smoking, plasma TXB2 levels increased 197% (P less than 0.05) and plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha 44% (P-NS) in non-smokers. Similar increases were not observed in the smoker population, although plasma beta-thromboglobulin levels increased 40%. Platelet TXA2 generations induced by arachidonic acid and thrombin were similar in the two groups. These data show that brief period of smoking stimulates both TXA2 and PGI2 release in the non-smokers. Increase in TXA2 is more than in PGI2. Episodic increase in TXA2 may be a mechanism of vascular injury. Absence of increase in TXA2 and PGI2 with smoking in habitual smokers may reflect tolerance to effects of smoking.
p-Channel organic semiconductors based on hybrid acene-thiophene molecules for thin-film transistor applications.

We report the structural and electrical characterization of two new p-channel organic semiconductors, 5,5‘-bis(2-tetracenyl)-2,2‘-bithiophene (1) and 5,5‘-bis(2-anthracenyl)-2,2‘-bithiophene (2). Both compounds exhibited a high degree of thermal stability with decomposition temperatures of 530 °C and 425 °C for 1 and 2, respectively. The thin-film structures of 1 and 2 were examined using wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD), grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Films of 1 and 2 pack in similar triclinic unit cells with the long axes of the molecules nearly perpendicular to the substrate. Thin-film transistors (TFTs) based on 1 and 2 exhibit contact-corrected linear regime hole mobility as high as 0.5 cm2/Vs and 0.1 cm2/Vs, respectively. The specific contact resistance at high gate voltages for gold top contacts was 2 × 104 Ω cm and 3 × 104 Ω cm for 35 nm thick films of 1 and 2, respectively. Long-term air stability tests revealed less degradation of the electrical ...
The willing suspension of disbelief: Kames as a forerunner of Coleridge

This paper points to two different theories commonly used to explain tragic pleasure and explicates Lord Kame's theory of dramatic illusion. Kames's concept of dramatic illusion seems to anticipate Coleridge's famous doctrine of poetic faith.
A half-Fourier gradient echo technique for dynamic MR imaging

Abstract Recently we developed the simultaneous dual FLASH (SDFLASH) pulse sequence that simultaneously obtains sequential images from the brain and the internal-carotid arteries in the neck with 1-sec temporal resolution using a standard MR scanner. The high temporal resolution (1 sec) of the SDFLASH technique was achieved partly by using a low number of phase-encoding views which thereby limited our in-plane spatial resolution to 6.25 × 3.12 mm pixels. To overcome this limitation we have developed a calibration technique which corrects distortions in signal intensity and object shape when using gradient echo half-Fourier spin warp imaging. Using this calibration technique, the operator can use the 41% decrease in scan time to either double the spatial or temporal resolution. We have successfully used this technique to acquire SDFLASH images of the head and neck with 1.0 sec temporal resolution and 3.12 × 1.6 mm spatial resolution.
Growth kinetics for a system with a conserved order parameter.

A theory of spinodal decomposition for an ordering system with a conserved, scalar order parameter is presented. The theory supports a scaling solution for the order parameter correlation function with a growing characteristic length given by the Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner growth law L\ensuremath{\sim}${\mathit{t}}^{1/3}$. The structure factor satisfies Porod's law ${\mathit{Q}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}(1+\mathit{d})}$ at large scaled wave number Q, for spatial dimensionality d, and ${\mathit{Q}}^{4}$ at small wave number. This result for small Q is nontrivial. Comparison of the theory with numerical results shows good agreement for the order parameter scaling function. The theory builds on the post-Gaussian approximation scheme developed previously by the author [Phys. Rev. E 49, 3717 (1994)] for the nonconserved order parameter case. It is shown that in the lowest-order post-Gaussian approximation the unphysical result in the Gaussian theory, namely that the scaling function for an auxiliary Gaussian field is negative for small wave numbers, is remedied.
Differential immunohistochemical staining of peste des petits ruminants and rinderpest antigens in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies.

8,14 Qualitative diag- B3F2, B 4B8, B 8D10, B 9G3, and Bl0D8, were selected for imnostic tests based on polyclonal antibodies may, therefore, munohistochemical evaluation on the basis of their IgG isobe incapable of distinguishing between any 2 morbilliviruses. type. The immunoreactivity of those MAbs had previously In livestock, RPV may cause disease in large and small been determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ruminants, whereas PPRV does so only in small rumi- and indirect immunofluorescent antibody test against 14 nants.
Exanthematous Drug Eruptions

Exanthematous (maculopapular) drug eruptions usually begin 4 to 21 days after the responsible drug is started and rapidly evolve into widespread rash. Management includes stopping the drug, prescribing antipruritic therapy, and assessing the patient for severe cutaneous reaction.
The perverse effects of competition on scientists' work and relationships.

Competition among scientists for funding, positions and prestige, among other things, is often seen as a salutary driving force in U.S. science. Its effects on scientists, their work and their relationships are seldom considered. Focus-group discussions with 51 mid- and early-career scientists, on which this study is based, reveal a dark side of competition in science. According to these scientists, com- petition contributes to strategic game-playing in science, a decline in free and open sharing of information and methods, sabotage of others' ability to use one's work, interference with peer-review processes, deformation of relationships, and careless or questionable research conduct. When competition is pervasive, such effects may jeopardize the progress, efficiency and integrity of science.
Barriers to recruitment of rural patients in cancer clinical trials.

Rates of clinical trial participation are lower among patients in rural areas. Oncologists should be trained to address patient concerns regarding clinical trial availability, utility, and accessibility.
A team-oriented approach to software training

It is suggested that, for students to emerge from four-year university programs with a greater understanding of the software construction process, something fundamentally different must be done in their educational process. An attractive alternative is to form students into long-term software development teams and give them real-world problems that require applying their course work and understanding the tradeoffs and practices common in modern software development. The practicum approach does not require revision to existing curriculum, but it allows for experimentation with novel learning activities in a team setting. The first year of an implemented practicum has demonstrated that the concept can expose students to a broader spectrum of professional issues, and it has garnered the enthusiasm of industrial representatives and students alike. >
Predicting and improving complex business processes: values and limitations of modeling and simulation technologies

This paper argues that the value of simulation and modeling technology tends to be contingent on creating models that can offer a systematic and well defined way of representing firm's structure and business processes. Over time, stable and simple business processes can reach equilibrium. As such, the behavior of the stable systems can be predicted through modeling and simulation. However, complexity in hierarchical business processes and introduction of random changes within such business processes create dynamic systems that have a tendency not to reach equilibrium. Hence, simulation and modeling may add less value in predictability of behavior within complex and dynamic business processes.
Parallel program performance metrics: a comparison and validation

The authors present a novel technique, called true zeroing, that permits direct, quantitative, and fair comparison of parallel program performance metrics. This technique was applied to three programs that include both numeric and symbolic applications. Three existing metrics, Gprof, Critical Path, and Quartz/NPT, and several new variations were compared. The result of this comparison was that while Critical Path provided the best overall guidance, it was not universally better than the other metrics. Because there is no single universal metric, future parallel performance systems need to support multiple metrics. The authors present a set of recommendations to tool builders based on the experience gained during this case study. >
An Analysis of Recent Changes in Kansas Drunk Driving Laws

For the past several years the problem of drunk driving has become of increasingly intense public concern. In response to this concern, the Kansas Legislature has passed major amendments to the drunk driving laws. The most recent amendments passed the legislature in 1985 in conjunction with changes in state liquor laws. The 1985 amendments offer a consolidated package that toughens criminal penalties and limits the opportunity for certain defendants to receive diversion. At the same time, the new laws expand the power of the police to act against persons suspected of drunk driving. These expanded powers affect both the circumstances under which the police can order suspects to undergo tests and the kinds of tests that can be ordered. This Article examines the changes in police procedure required by the new drunk driving laws. The Article first provides a general description of the recent changes and then analyzes some of the constitutional and practical problems those changes raise.
Stress-induced endogenous siRNAs targeting regulatory intron sequences in Brachypodium

Exposure to abiotic stresses triggers global changes in the expression of thousands of eukaryotic genes at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Small RNA (smRNA) pathways and splicing both function as crucial mechanisms regulating stress-responsive gene expression. However, examples of smRNAs regulating gene expression remain largely limited to effects on mRNA stability, translation, and epigenetic regulation. Also, our understanding of the networks controlling plant gene expression in response to environmental changes, and examples of these regulatory pathways intersecting, remains limited. Here, to investigate the role of smRNAs in stress responses we examined smRNA transcriptomes of Brachypodium distachyon plants subjected to various abiotic stresses. We found that exposure to different abiotic stresses specifically induced a group of novel, endogenous small interfering RNAs (stress-induced, UTR-derived siRNAs, or sutr-siRNAs) that originate from the 3' UTRs of a subset of coding genes. Our bioinformatics analyses predicted that sutr-siRNAs have potential regulatory functions and that over 90% of sutr-siRNAs target intronic regions of many mRNAs in trans. Importantly, a subgroup of these sutr-siRNAs target the important intron regulatory regions, such as branch point sequences, that could affect splicing. Our study indicates that in Brachypodium, sutr-siRNAs may affect splicing by masking or changing accessibility of specific cis-elements through base-pairing interactions to mediate gene expression in response to stresses. We hypothesize that this mode of regulation of gene expression may also serve as a general mechanism for regulation of gene expression in plants and potentially in other eukaryotes.
ANÁLISIS COSTO-BENEFICIO EN EL DERECHO AMBIENTAL DE LOS ESTADOS UNIDOS*

La toma de decisiones constituye una parte esencial de la accion gubernamental. El gobierno tiene la responsabilidad de utilizar los instrumentos a su disposicion que le permitan tomar las mejores decisiones posibles. Este articulo sostiene que el analisis costo-beneficio, adecuadamente utilizado, puede mejorar las politicas ambientales y de salud publica. Para ello, se explican las razones de por que resulta necesaria su aplicacion. Ademas, se describen los origenes de su incorporacion en los Estados Unidos. Asimismo, se analizan algunas de las deficiencias de su aplicacion actual, detallando alternativas para su correccion.
New confidence intervals for the difference between two sensitivities at a fixed level of specificity.

For two continuous-scale diagnostic tests, it is of interest to compare their sensitivities at a predetermined level of specificity. In this paper, we propose three new intervals for the difference between two sensitivities at a fixed level of specificity. These intervals are easy to compute. We also conduct simulation studies to compare the relative performance of the new intervals with the existing normal- approximation-based interval proposed by Wieand et al. Our simulation results show that the newly proposed intervals perform better than the existing normal-approximation-based interval in terms of coverage accuracy and interval length. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An asymptotic theory for vibrations of inhomogeneous/laminated piezoelectric plates

An asymptotic theory for the vibration analysis of inhomogeneous monoclinic piezoelectric plates is developed by using small parameter expansion. The theory includes the important special case of a laminated plate in which each layer is homogeneous and orthotropic, but distinct from the other layers by having a different material or a different orientation. A hierarchy of two-dimensional equations of the same homogeneous operator for each order is reduced from the three-dimensional framework of linear piezoelectricity. The elasticity version of the leading-order equation is the same as that of the classical Kirchhoff inhomogeneous plate theory and, therefore, is easily solvable. By contrast, it is not straightforward to find solutions of the higher-order equations. The solvability condition is thus established for this purpose, by which higher-order frequency parameters are derived. The present theoretical formulation is examined by comparing the present asymptotic results with an exact three-dimensional solution for a piezoelectric bimorph strip, and excellent agreement is reached. Some new results are presented.
Algebraic Perron-Frobenius theory

Abstract Let V be a vector space over a fully ordered field F. In Sec. 2 we characterize cones K with ascending chain condition (ACC) on faces of K. In Sec.3 we show that if K has ACC on faces, then an operator A is strongly irreducible if and only if A is irreducible. In Sec. 4 we prove theorems of Perron-Frobenius type for a strongly irreducible operator A in the case that F=R, the real field, and K is a full algebraically closed cone.
Measurements of the Gegenschein brightness from the Solar Mass Ejection Imager (SMEI)

The Gegenschein is viewed by the Solar Mass Ejection Imager (SMEI), which has provided near-full-sky broadband visible-light photometric maps for over 5 years. These have an angular resolution of about 0.5° and differential photometric stability of about 1% throughout this time. When individual bright stars are removed from the maps and an empirical sidereal background subtracted, the residue is dominated by the zodiacal light. The unprecedented sky coverage and duration of these measurements enables a definitive characterization of the Gegenschein. This article describes the analysis method for these data, presents a movie with time of the Gegenschein brightness distribution, determines empirical formulae describing its average shape, and discusses its variation with time. These measurements unambiguously confirm previous reports that the Gegenschein surface-brightness distribution has a decided peak in the antisolar point, which rises above a broader background.
Bile Acids in the Assessment of Hepatocellular Function

Bile acids, which are synthesized in the liver from cholesterol, are important in the production of bile flow, excretion of cholesterol, and intestinal digestion and absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins. Increases and/or alterations in concentrations of bile acids in serum are specific and sensitive indicators of hepatobiliary disorders. Synthesis of bile acids in hepatocytes involves steps in endoplasmic reticulum, cytosol, mitochondria, and peroxisomes. Other important hepatocellular processes involving bile acids include active uptake by the basolateral membrane, intracellular transport, P-450-mediated conjugations and hydroxylations, and canalicular secretion. Hydrophobic bile acids produce hepatotoxicity in vivo and in vitro. In experimental and epidemiologic studies, some of these forms have been identified as causative agents in the development of colon and liver (experimental only) cancer. Conversely, several hydrophilic forms, primarily ursodeoxycholic acid, have demonstrated cytoprotective properties in a variety of clinical and experimental hepatobiliary diseases and disorders. Because bile acids can have dramatically different properties and effects, determination of mechanisms of action of these compounds has become an active area of research. Primary isolated hepatocytes provide an opportunity to investigate bile acid-related functions and effects in well-designed, carefully controlled studies. Short-term cultures have been used to study a variety of issues related to bile acids, including cytotoxicity, synthesis, and hepatocellular processing. With these systems, however, many functions of mature hepatocytes, including those pertaining to bile acids, can be lost when cultures are maintained for more than several days. Recent developments in culture techniques permit long-term maintenance of functionally stable, differentiated cells. Pertaining to bile acid research, these systems remain to be fully characterized but, in appropriate situations, they should provide important alternatives to in vivo studies and short-term in vitro assays.
Quantification of serotonin 5-HT1A receptors in monkey brain with [11C](R)-(-)-RWAY.

[11C](R)-(−)-RWAY ([11C]2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7-hexahydro-1{4-[1[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-piperazinyl]]-2-phenylbutyry}-1H-azepine) is a new radioligand for imaging brain 5-HT1A receptors with positron emission tomography. In [11C](R)-(−)-RWAY, the direction of the amide bond is expected to reduce metabolism by hydrolysis while allowing easy 11C-labeling at the methoxy position. The purposes of this study were to evaluate different tracer kinetic models in nonhuman primates to quantify 5-HT1A receptors with [11C](R)-(−)-RWAY and to test for the possible action of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), one of the known efflux pumps at the blood–brain barrier. The brain uptake of radioactivity from [11C](R)-(−)-RWAY into 5-HT1A receptor-rich brain regions was severalfold greater than for its antipode ([11C](S)-(+)-RWAY) and could be displaced by receptor saturating doses of the selective 5-HT1A antagonist, WAY-100635. Pretreatment with tariquidar, a potent inhibitor of P-gp, increased brain uptake of [11C](R)-(−)-RWAY about 1.5-fold and the plasma free fraction about 1.8-fold. Thus, the effect of tariquidar on brain uptake may have been caused by displacement of the radioligand binding to plasma proteins. Mathematical modeling showed that the estimated values of regional binding potential were correlated strongly between two-tissue compartment model and multilinear reference tissue model, and thus, supported the use of the cerebellum as a reference region. Synapse 60:510–520, 2006. Published 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
UW-MRS: Leveraging a Deep Grammar for Robotic Spatial Commands

This paper describes a deep-parsing approach to SemEval-2014 Task 6, a novel context-informed supervised parsing and semantic analysis problem in a controlled domain. The system comprises a handbuilt rule-based solution based on a preexisting broad coverage deep grammar of English, backed up by a off-the-shelf datadriven PCFG parser, and achieves the best score reported among the task participants.
Lightweight consistency enforcement schemes for distributed proofs with hidden subtrees

In distributed proof construction systems, information release policies can make it unlikely that any single node in the system is aware of the complete structure of any particular proof tree. This property makes it difficult for queriers to determine whether the proofs constructed using these protocols sampled a consistent snapshot of the system state; this has previously been shown to have dire consequences in decentralized authorization systems. Unfortunately, the consistency enforcement solutions presented in previous work were designed for systems in which only information encoded in certificates issued by certificate authorities is used during the decision-making process. Further, they assume that each piece of certified evidence used during proof construction is available to the decision-making node at runtime.In this paper, we generalize these previous results and present lightweight mechanisms through which consistency constraints can be enforced in proof systems in which the full details of a proof may be unavailable to the querier and the existence of certificate authorities for certifying evidence is unlikely; these types of distributed proof systems are likely candidates for use in pervasive computing and sensor network environments. We present modifications to one such distributed proof system that enable two types of consistency constraints to be enforced while still respecting the same confidentiality and integrity policies as the original proof system. Further, we detail a performance analysis that illustrates the modest overheads of our consistency enforcement schemes.
Patients As Subjects For Research: Ethical Dilemmas For The Primary Care Clinician-Investigator

BACKGROUND Past studies suggested an association between human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). In 1987, University of North Carolina (UNC) Hospitals Family Practice Center clinicians were approached for a control population to study this association. METHODS One hundred five patients attending the UNC Hospitals Neoplasia Clinic with biopsy-proven CIN 2 or 3 and 268 control patients attending the UNC Family Practice Center for a routine Papanicolaou smear were enrolled in this case-control study. Case and control patients consented to having an additional cervical specimen taken and to being interviewed. The cervical specimens were classified by the Southern blot and polymerase chain reaction techniques for HPV. RESULTS Early results suggested the control patients who had HPV were at high risk of developing CIN. Interventions were made to inform these patients of this risk and need for closer follow-up, causing a wide range of patient reactions. The final results showed no association of HPV with CIN, indicating the early interventions were premature. CONCLUSIONS Physicians engaged in research need to be prepared to deal with the discovery of health risks in the otherwise "normal" control patient. They bear the ethical responsibility of scrutinizing study design and methods and planning communication with patients from the inception of a study.
La crisis financiera internacional. Ocho lecciones de y para América Latina

La crisis financiera internacional del 2008-2009 puso de manifiesto las fortalezas y debilidades del paradigma prevaleciente en materia de desarrollo en America Latina. Este se basa en una cuenta de capitales liberada que a su vez ha mejorado de manera importante las condiciones macroeconomicas. Este articulo proporciona lecciones provenientes de la crisis, no solamente para la region, sino para otros paises en desarrollo que buscan conseguir crecimiento economico en un contexto de mayor integracion a los mercados internacionales de capital. Algunas de las lecciones no son nuevas pero han sido reforzadas con la crisis, como la necesidad de que America Latina diversifique sus exportaciones (no solo de productos sino de socios comerciales). Otras lecciones desmitifican otros elementos, como por ejemplo la imposibilidad de aplicar politicas contraciclicas, al menos del lado monetario. Otras lecciones incluyen i) el papel relativo de la banca nacional y extranjera como amortiguadores de los choques financieros externos, y ii) el costo potencial de adoptar regulaciones financieras internacionales que no tomen en consideracion el desarrollo de cada pais. Tomadas en conjunto, las lecciones arrojan un nuevo sentido de optimismo para el crecimiento de America Latina
Per-survivor timing recovery for uncoded partial response channels

A conventional receiver performs timing recovery and equalization separately. Specifically, conventional timing recovery is based on a phase-locked loop that relies on the decision provided by its own symbol detector. We propose a new timing recovery scheme based on per-survivor processing (PSP) that jointly performs timing recovery and equalization for uncoded partial response channels. In the proposed scheme, each survivor of the Viterbi algorithm maintains its own estimate of the timing offset, and this estimate is updated according to the history data associated with the survivor path. As compared to conventional timing recovery at BER = 10/sup -4/, the proposed scheme can provide a 0.5 dB gain in SNR.
The Effect of Estrogen and Progesterone on the Level of Amidase Activity in Fluid Flushed from the Uteri of Ovariectomized Mice

The effect of estrogen and progesterone on the level of chymotrypsin-like amidase activity was estimatedin fluidflushedfrom the uteri of ovariectomized mice by hydrolysis of the peptide homolog glutarl-L-phenylalanyl-j3-naphthylamide (GPAN). Mice were ovariectomized and injected with either progesterone alone, progesterone followed by a combination of estrogen and progesterone or estrogen alone. The level of activity was found to be low and constant for several days in animals receiving progesterone alone; the addition of estrogen caused an increase in activity that reached maximum in 18 h and then returned to the baseline level. In contrast, the level of amidase activity increased and remained elevated following the injection of estrogen alone. A similar experiment was done with a-N-benzoyl-DL-arginine-s3-naphthylamide HCI (BANA) to estimate the level of amidase with trypsin-like activity: no trypsin-like amidase was detected. These findings demonstrate that estrogen is capable of increasing chymotrypsin-like amidase activity in the uterine lumen and that progesterone alters the pattern of this response. The possible implications of hormone regulation of amidase activity in the uterine lumen is discussed with respect to normal and delayed implantation.
Softening rates for polystyrene under shear conditions

The processing of thermoplastics often requires conversion of a solid to a viscous fluid under shear conditions. In this study, solid blocks of polystyrene were softened on a hot, moving surface over a range of surface temperatures and velocities. The conservation equations for mass, momentum, and energy were applied to the fluid layer and simplified by an order of magnitude analysis. An integral method of solution was developed which predicted rates of softening that agreed closely with the measured rates.
Evaluation of biasing and protection circuitry components for cryogenic MMIC low-noise amplifiers

Millimeter-wave integrated circuits with gate lengths as short as 35 nm are demonstrating extremely low-noise performance, especially when cooled to cryogenic temperatures. These operate at low voltages and are susceptible to damage from electrostatic discharge and improper biasing, as well as being sensitive to low-level interference. Designing a protection circuit for low voltages and temperatures is challenging because there is very little data available on components that may be suitable. Extensive testing at low temperatures yielded a set of components and a circuit topology that demonstrates the required level of protection for critical MMICs and similar devices. We present a circuit that provides robust protection for low voltage devices from room temperature down to 4 K.
Endovascular rescue for complications during endovascular repair of type B dissection

References 1. Pape LA, Awais M, Woznicki EM, Suzuki T, Trimarchi S, Evangelista A, et al. Presentation, diagnosis, and outcomes of acute aortic dissection: 17-year trends from the International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;66:350-8. 2. Criado FJ. Aortic dissection: a 250-year perspective. Tex Heart Inst J. 2011;38: 694-700. 3. Follisa F, Filipponea G, Stabileb A, Montalbanoa G, Florianod M, Finazzoc M, et al. Endovascular graft deployment in the false lumen of type B dissection. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2010;10:597-9. 4. Zhang R, Kofidis T, Baus S, Klima U. Iatrogenic type A dissection after attempted stenting of a descending aortic aneurysm. Ann Thorac Surg. 2006;82:1523-5. 5. Watanabe Y, Kuratani T, Shirakawa Y, Torikai K, Shimamura K, Sawa Y. Hybrid endovascular repair of a dissecting thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm with stent graft implantation through the false lumen. J Vasc Surg. 2014;59:264-7. 6. Huang JH, Liu GQ, Wang W, Wang XW. Stent graft implantation through the false lumen in a Stanford B aortic dissection. Chin J Vasc Surg. 2010;2:244-6.
“The Black”, space, and sexuality: Examining resistance in Selvon’s The Lonely Londoners:

This article argues that theoretical notions of resistance and agency prove inadequate for considering the complexities of the treatment of Sam Selvon’s Trinidadian characters. Indeed, to proceed from a binary logic of resistance and oppression carries the danger of universalizing those seen as oppressed, and smoothing over important complications in the novel. The Lonely Londoners, written at a pivotal moment of imperial decline, offers a valuable perspective on the experience of colonial immigration to England (and the accompanying complications of race and sexuality it wrought) as well as theories of resistance. By drawing on the circumspection of recent theorists, this article goes beyond the sort of analysis which might impose a binary logic of resistance and oppression on the complex intersections of race and sexuality on display in the novel. More specifically, The Lonely Londoners can be seen as grappling with and critiquing individualism, one of liberalism’s chief values; formally, the novel’s ti...
Elevation of peripheral vascular resistance in renoprival hypertension.

SummaryRenoprival hypertension of the dog is definite within 4 days of bilateral nephrectomy when the animal is given dietary protein, parenteral sodium and does not exhibit excessive vomiting and diarrhea (weight loss minimal). Ten dogs with renoprival hypertension also exhibited an elevation of the peripheral vascular resistance. In acute canine renoprival hypertension, increased tone of resistance vessels appears to contribute in a major way to the hypertensive state. In this respect, the hypertension resembles experimental hypertension of renal type.
Interrogating an omission: the absence of a rights-based approach to education in World Bank policy discourse

This study provides a discursive analysis of World Bank policy documents in order to reveal the stark omission of a rights-based approach to education, while highlighting instead the support of an economic-instrumentalist approach. Plausible explanations are provided to shed light on this exclusion, including the feasibility critique of education as a right, and the Bank's limited institutional mandate. However, the rationales are presented as unsound and unacceptable justifications for the omission. By drawing on Amartya Sen's theoretical work on human rights and development policy frameworks, this study concludes by arguing for the Bank to integrate into their mandate a conception of education as a human right.
Barn Fogging as a Fly Control Method

Cow pressed-air barn loggers utilizing a fogging solution containing 0.1% pyrethrins and 1.0% piperonyl butoxide gave adequate control of house flies ( Musca domestica L.) in dairy barns and horn flies ( Haematobia irritans (L.)) on cows. The mortality rate was inadequate if the pyrethrins content was lowered and repellents substituted in the formulation. Fogging was two to four times more costly than a program utilizing residual barn spraying for house fly control and methoxychlor powder treatment of cows for horn flies. Fogging did not provide pasture protection against stable flies ( Stomoxys calcitrons (L.)) or horse flies (Tabanidae).
LONGITUDINAL CHANGE IN AORTIC STIFFNESS MEASURED BY CARDIAC MRI IN MIDDLE-AGED AND OLDER ADULTS: THE MULTI-ETHNIC STUDY OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS (MESA)

The aim of this study is to evaluate the change in aortic stiffness assessed by MRI over 10 years and define its relationship with demographic and clinical data. MESA participants that had both baseline (2000-2002) and 10 years follow-up (2010-2012) aortic MRI were studied. Ascending and descending
Negotiating Investment Treaties: Mechanisms for Anticipating and Controlling Textual Drift

Domestic lawmakers have at their disposal a repertory of techniques for reversing textual drifts that occur as a result of applications. It is more challenging for treaty parties. The paper reviews three methods for reversing textual drift and also examines the recent CETA dispute resolution procedure in these terms.
The “Sustainable Development” of a Critical Accounting Project

The critical accounting project aims to broaden out and open up accounting and those implicated therein. Accounting and accountability systems are radicalized so as to facilitate a progressive social agenda dedicated to acting in the public interest. Radicalizing accounting requires courageous and rigorous questioning of the generally accepted premises of traditional accounting. Can the critical accounting project with its decidedly modernist origins adequately respond to the demands of a changing (postmodern) world? The chapter presents a somewhat personal perspective that follows the evolution of my thinking, and at some level, describes some of what is taking place within the critical accounting project. Three theorizing perspectives are considered: critical social science, communicative action, and agonistics. The application of each is a response to the apparent limitations of the previous one.
Infinite-Dimensional Triangularization

Abstract The goal of this paper is to generalize the theory of triangularizing matrices to linear transformations of an arbitrary vector space, without placing any restrictions on the dimension of the space or on the base field. We define a transformation T of a vector space V to be triangularizable if V has a well-ordered basis such that T sends each vector in that basis to the subspace spanned by basis vectors no greater than it. We then show that the following conditions (among others) are equivalent: (1) T is triangularizable, (2) every finite-dimensional subspace of V is annihilated by f ( T ) for some polynomial f that factors into linear terms, (3) there is a maximal well-ordered set of subspaces of V that are invariant under T, (4) T can be put into a crude version of the Jordan canonical form. We also show that any finite collection of commuting triangularizable transformations is simultaneously triangularizable, we describe the closure of the set of triangularizable transformations in the standard topology on the algebra of all transformations of V, and we extend to transformations that satisfy a polynomial the classical fact that the double-centralizer of a matrix is the algebra generated by that matrix.
Pharma and Academia: What We Have Here Is a Failure to Communicate

In recent years, there has been substantial interest in the potential value of collaboration between academia and the pharmaceutical industry. In this Crosstalk, I discuss obstacles to these relationships being optimally productive.
Seasonal Cycles, Nests, and Social Behavior of Some Colombian Halictine Bees (Hymenoptera; Apoidea)

This papel contains descriptions of nests and information on seasonal cycles and social behavior of four halictine bees, Habralictus bimaculatus, Caenohalictus eberhardorum, Lasioglossum (Dialictus) seabrai, and L. (D.) breedi. Data are also included on two parasitic halictine bees, both of the genus Microsphecodes. The Habralictus and Caenohalictus nest in aggregations; individual nests are occupicd by one to several bees. There are no castes and within a nest containing two el more bees the relationships are communal or possibly quasisocial. The two species of Lasioglossum (Dialictus) nest in diffuse and often small aggregations. The colonies have mean populations of little over two bees, but there are weakly differentiated queens and workers, especially in L. seabrai. Activities were similar in both wet and dry seasons, so far as known.
Evolution of an Efficient and Scalable Nine-Step (Longest Linear Sequence) Synthesis of Zincophorin Methyl Ester.

Because of both their synthetically challenging and stereochemically complex structures and their wide range of often clinically relevant biological activities, nonaromatic polyketide natural products have for decades attracted an enormous amount of attention from synthetic chemists and played an important role in the development of modern asymmetric synthesis. Often, such compounds are not available in quantity from natural sources, rendering analogue synthesis and drug development efforts extremely resource-intensive and time-consuming. In this arena, the quest for ever more step-economical and efficient methods and strategies, useful and important goals in their own right, takes on added importance, and the most useful syntheses will combine high levels of step-economy with efficiency and scalability. The nonaromatic polyketide natural product zincophorin methyl ester has attracted significant attention from synthetic chemists due primarily to the historically synthetically challenging C(8)–C(12) all-a...
Spontaneous resolution of choledochal cyst

Choledochal cysts (CCs) are rare, congenital cystic dilations of the hepatobiliary tree that require surgical resection to avoid complications such as increased risk of malignancy. A 25-week gestational age male infant developed acholic stools, elevated alkaline phosphatase, and ultrasound findings consistent with CC Todani Type IVA. Surgery was deferred due to the patient's low weight. The patient's symptoms and radiographic findings subsequently resolved spontaneously. CCs have not been previously reported in extremely preterm infants. There are rare reported cases of spontaneously resolving hepatic cysts, all containing key differences from our patient. In patients in whom immediate surgery is not feasible, conservative management with close follow-up and serial ultrasound examinations would appear to be a reasonable course of action.
Efficient quasi-phase-matched second harmonic generation in silicon waveguides

We demonstrate quasi-phase-matched second harmonic generation in silicon waveguides with periodically patterned p-i-n junctions using a field-induced χ(2). A maximum efficiency of P 2ω /P ω 2 =13%/W is measured and multiple signal wavelengths are shown by changing the period.
Doppler Lidar Observations of the Mixing Height in Indianapolis Using an Automated Composite Fuzzy Logic Approach

AbstractA Halo Photonics Stream Line XR Doppler lidar has been deployed for the Indianapolis Flux Experiment (INFLUX) to measure profiles of the mean horizontal wind and the mixing layer height for quantification of greenhouse gas emissions from the urban area. To measure the mixing layer height continuously and autonomously, a novel composite fuzzy logic approach has been developed that combines information from various scan types, including conical and vertical-slice scans and zenith stares, to determine a unified measurement of the mixing height and its uncertainty. The composite approach uses the strengths of each measurement strategy to overcome the limitations of others so that a complete representation of turbulent mixing is made in the lowest km, depending on clouds and aerosol distribution. Additionally, submeso nonturbulent motions are identified from zenith stares and removed from the analysis, as these motions can lead to an overestimate of the mixing height. The mixing height is compared with...
The U.S. tourists’ perceptions of destination China over two transformative periods

This study conducted a textual analysis of The New York Times to examine the U.S. tourists’ perceived image of China as a destination by comparing the two periods of January 1980–May 1989 and January 2005–December 2015. The study found a drastic shift of the U.S. tourists’ affective image of China as a destination from being favorable and positive in the early period to being unfavorable and negative in the recent period. The affective image was characterized by the two domains of Exoticism and Sense of Superiority in the 1980s, as compared to the two domains of Ordinary and Negative National Image in the recent 10 years. Paradoxically, such a sentimental shift on the part of the U.S. tourists occurred while their perception of China’s destination attributes either did not change or grew more positive.
Enzymes working in reverse

Lyases are enzymes that catalyse the breaking of chemical bonds. Now, reversing this reaction towards carbon–nitrogen bond formation allows for the synthesis of various chiral aminocarboxylic acids such as the potential antibiotic co-drug aspergillomarasmine A.
Multiscale analysis of the invariants of the velocity gradient tensor in isotropic turbulence

A detailed study on the scale dependence of various quantities of interest, such as the population fraction of different flow-topologies, is presented. While the quantities appear close to scale invariant in inertial range, a ``bump'' is observed at length scales between the inertial and viscous ranges.
Technical note: In situ ruminal starch disappearance kinetics of hull-less barley, hulled barley, and corn grains.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to compare ruminal starch disappearance rates of hull-less barley, hulled barley, and corn grains. Five different genotypes were used for each of the 2 barley types. In addition, each of these genotypes was grown in 2 different locations and years, resulting 10 independent barley samples for each of the 2 barley grain types. Five different genotypes of corn grain were obtained from a commercial seed company. After being ground to pass through a 4-mm screen of a cutter mill, 3.6 g of each grain was placed into a porous bag, which was then incubated in the rumen of 2 ruminally cannulated cows for 0, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h. Corn grains had greater instant ruminal starch disappearances than barley grains (22.4 and 8.2%, respectively). Instant ruminal starch disappearances did not differ between hulled and hull-less barley grains. Ruminal starch fractional disappearance rates were greatest for hulled barley grains, moderate for hull-less barley grains, and lowest for corn grains (15.3, 13.9, and 7.1%/h, respectively). Ruminal starch half-life was shortest for hulled and hull-less barley grains (4.4 h) and longest for corn grains (6.6 h). Ruminal starch half-life did not differ between hulled barley and hull-less barley grains. In conclusion, using a holistic experimental design and statistical analysis, this study showed that starch from hull-less barley grains has a ruminal half-life similar to that of hulled barley grains and shorter than that of corn grains.
“Bridging the Gap between Food Pantries and the Kitchen Table”: Teaching Embodied Literacy in the Technical Communication Classroom

Drawing from literature on communication as a physical, material experience, this article expands Cargile Cook’s “layered literacies” (2002) pedagogical framework to include a seventh literacy—embo...