cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
HITs and misses in 100 years of heparin

Heparin was discovered 100 years ago, and the heparin-induced thrombocytopenia syndrome was described 40 years ago. That the most powerful anticoagulant of the last century can also produce the most extreme prothrombotic diathesis is but one of the paradoxes that surround heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Standard treatment is alternative anticoagulation. Advances continue to be made regarding pathophysiology, prevention, and treatment. Currently, an epidemic of overdiagnosis threatens the well-being of patients, so efforts to educate clinicians on when and how to make this diagnosis are pressing.
Vibration During Centrifugation

Vibration is of concern in many experiments. For example, low-frequency acceleration influences buoyancy-driven convection. If there are two fluid phases present, vibration can cause oscillation of the interface between them, thereby pumping the adjacent fluids. High frequency vibrations can be transmitted through the container walls to cause streaming of the fluid and, in addition, move second-phase particles relative to the fluid.
Stability and instability in the co-development of mathematics, executive function skills, and visual-motor integration from prekindergarten to first grade

Abstract Correlational and short-term longitudinal studies both demonstrate significant associations between children’s executive function skills and visual-motor integration and their mathematics achievement in early childhood. Our current understanding of the development of these skills in early childhood is limited, however, by a lack of clarity concerning whether the associations between them are causal in nature or could be explained by other unmeasured stable characteristics shared among the constructs. Using a latent state-trait approach, we examined the development of executive function skills, visual-motor integration, and children’s mathematics achievement from the beginning of prekindergarten to the end of first grade (N = 1138). Findings of stability and instability in relative rankings in children’s skills across four time points suggest that children’s growth in mathematics skills is a product of both persistent unmeasured stable influences and time-specific effects of prior executive function skills and visual-motor integration. Specifically, visual-motor integration related to subsequent mathematics achievement and executive function skills in prekindergarten, and executive function and mathematics achievement were bidirectionally related through first grade, even when accounting for stability in each construct. These results suggest that future experimental research should consider executive function skills and visual-motor integration as well as specific mathematics skills as potential targets for early mathematics instruction.
Autism Treatment: Families’ Use Varies Across U.S. Regions:

Many treatment types are available for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and various factors affect treatment selection. This study investigated potential variations in treatment types selected by parents in all four U.S. Census Bureau Regions + Montreal, Quebec. Data from 2,647 families from the Simons Simplex Collection were analyzed, and statistically significant differences in using various treatment types were found, depending on where families lived. For example, compared with other Regions, families from the Northeast were more likely to have used most treatment types queried, whereas families from the South and Midwest were more likely to have used psychotropic medications. Statistically significant differences were also found within geographical regions. Understanding variations in the use of treatment types by families affected by ASD is important in identifying needs and opportunities for services in different locations. These findings have implications for addressing families’ trea...
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infection complicated by allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in a non-asthmatic patient.

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) most often develops in patients with asthma or cystic fibrosis. We present a 91-year-old non-asthmatic patient with pre-existing Mycobacteriumavium complex (MAC) infection who got diagnosed with ABPA. Treatment of the two conditions can be challenging as immunosuppression with steroids for treatment of ABPA may exacerbate the underlying MAC infection. Treatment with steroids and antibiotics resulted in significant improvement in the patient’s condition.
The Politics of classification

Classification schemes are powerful constructions in our information environments. They represent the intentional and unintended biases of those who construct them and are structurally bound by the technical systems in which they are built. As the study of what concepts exist in the world and how expressions of these concepts interconnect , classifications are fundamental to how we come to imagine and subsequently position ourselves embedded within a system of entities. On a more practical level, classification systems become the means by which we materially structure information within knowledge delivery systems, especially in the digital realm. Given the expressive qualities of classifications, they are also unavoidably political entities: they include and exclude, express and repress, facilitate and restrict. Actively identifying and addressing the political aspects of KO systems is a necessary activity within the KO community. This workshop will articulate possible courses of action to address the political aspects of classification in all subdomains of KO, inclusive of both research, pedagogy, and future disciplinary emphases. This workshop will address the political aspects of classifications through the following short paper presentations, which will help guide structured discussions. Abstracts of these presentations are available and, if this proposal is accepted, they will be included in the final workshop description: • Meaning through many hands: the neglected craft of classification implementation • name / change: Towards a politics of classification • Mechanisms of Cultural Bias in Classificatory Activity • The politics of biodiversity classification: Reconciliation and Interoperability • Expressing and obscuring throughout: Politics, values, and semantics derived from a conceptual analysis of classification terms
Nutrition and Late-Life Depression

Depression is a significant problem for older adults. Dietary factors related to either vascular risk or brain health may be important for depression. Obesity may promote depression. Inadequate omega-3 fatty acid consumption or levels may be related to depression. Folate is important for vascular and brain health but its role in depression is unclear. Brain lesions and their potential dietary etiology may be significant for depression.
GENERAL PRACTICE PATIENTS IN CLINICAL RESEARCH: RELEVANT ISSUES

ABSTRACT The conduct of psychotropic drug research within the treatment setting in which these agents are most frequently employed has led to an increase in the evaluation of these drugs in general practice. Concurrent medical illness as a factor influencing treatment response in general practice patients was studied to determine whether anxious patients suffering from concurrent medical illness differed from anxious patients not suffering from concurrent illness in their response to short-term treatment with anxiolytics. Results obtained indicate that both groups of patients improved significantly more on drug than on placebo. Differences in drug-placebo response between the two groups were greatest for concurrent medical illness-related symptoms.
EXPERIMENTAL SEARCHES FOR SUPERSYMMETRIC PARTICLES

In this review, recent limits on masses of supersymmetric partners of quarks, leptons, and gauge bosons are analyzed, and most experiments so far proposed to find such states in the next few years are examined, with emphasis on experiments that can be done now (especially gluino pair production in hadron reactions, e+e- → γ2 γ1, and W± decay). The implications of heavy photinos are considered. An attempt is made to systematize the terminology so that names and symbols denote the properties of the states and are consistent.
Functional divergence of annotated l-isoaspartate O-methyltransferases in an α-proteobacterium

Spontaneous formation of isoaspartates (isoDs) often causes protein damage. l-Isoaspartate O-methyltransferase (PIMT) repairs isoD residues by catalyzing the formation of an unstable l-isoaspartyl methyl ester that spontaneously converts to an l-aspartyl residue. PIMTs are widely distributed in all three domains of life and have been studied most intensively in connection with their role in protein repair and aging in plants and animals. Studies of bacterial PIMTs have been limited to Escherichia coli, which has one PIMT. The α-proteobacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris has three annotated PIMT genes, one of which (rpa2580) has been found to be important for cellular longevity in a growth-arrested state. However, the biochemical activities of these three R. palustris PIMTs are unknown. Here, we expressed and characterized all three annotated PIMT proteins, finding that two of them, RPA0376 and RPA2838, had PIMT activity, whereas RPA2580 did not. RPA0376 and RPA2838 single- and double-deletion mutants did not differ in longevity from WT R. palustris and did not exhibit elevated levels of isoD residues in aged cells. Comparative sequence analyses revealed that RPA2580 belongs to a separate phylogenetic group of annotated PIMT proteins present in the α-proteobacteria. Our results suggest that this group of proteins is not involved in repair of protein isoD residues. In addition, the bona fide bacterial PIMT enzymes may play a different or subtler role in bacterial physiology than previously suggested.
A polymorphism in intron I of the human angiotensinogen gene (hAGT) affects binding by HNF3 and hAGT expression and increases blood pressure in mice

Angiotensinogen (AGT) is the precursor of one of the most potent vasoconstrictors, peptide angiotensin II. Genome-wide association studies have shown that two A/G polymorphisms (rs2493134 and rs2004776), located at +507 and +1164 in intron I of the human AGT (hAGT) gene, are associated with hypertension. Polymorphisms of the AGT gene result in two main haplotypes. Hap-I contains the variants −217A, −6A, +507G, and +1164A and is pro-hypertensive, whereas Hap-II contains the variants −217G, −6G, +507A, and +1164G and does not affect blood pressure. The nucleotide sequence of intron I of the hAGT gene containing the +1164A variant has a stronger homology with the hepatocyte nuclear factor 3 (HNF3)–binding site than +1164G. Here we found that an oligonucleotide containing +1164A binds HNF3β more strongly than +1164G and that Hap-I–containing reporter gene constructs have increased basal and HNF3- and glucocorticoid-induced promoter activity in transiently transfected liver and kidney cells. Using a knock-in approach at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase locus, we generated a transgenic mouse model containing the human renin (hREN) gene and either Hap-I or Hap-II. We show that transgenic animals containing Hap-I have increased blood pressure compared with those containing Hap-II. Moreover, the transcription factors glucocorticoid receptor, CCAAT enhancer–binding protein β, and HNF3β bound more strongly to chromatin obtained from the liver of transgenic animals containing Hap-I than to liver chromatin from Hap-II–containing animals. These findings suggest that, unlike Hap-II variants, Hap-I variants of the hAGT gene have increased transcription rates, resulting in elevated blood pressure.
Evaluation of Clinical Preceptor Training and Its Impact on Inter-Rater Reliability

Background: The consistency of clinical evaluations of respiratory therapy (RT) students by clinical preceptors is an area where research is needed. The purpose of this study is to evaluate if standardized clinical preceptor training will improve inter-relater reliability (IRR) scores for staff involved in evaluating the clinical skills of respiratory therapy students. We hypothesized that standardized clinical preceptor training will not significantly affect IRR scores for faculty members. Methods: Study design is a one-way repeated measures design evaluating mean IRR scores of faculty members involved with evaluating RT students before and after completion of training for clinical preceptors. We obtained IRB approval and used a purposive sampling approach. We could not blind or randomize this nonprobability sample due to the nature of the study design. We measured IRR by percentage agreement. We categorized scores as 89% = Excellent. We also assessed IRR scores by using a paired-sample t-test with an alpha level of Results: All faculty members met inclusion criteria and results showed that standardized training improved IRR scores for faculty members. Mean pre-training IRR scores for participants resulted in a score of 63% which was a 9Needs Improvement9 score. Mean post-training IRR scores for participants resulted in a score of 78% which was a 9Good9 score. Standardized preceptor training improved IRR scores by 15% and had a P value Conclusions: This study showed that standardized clinical preceptor training can improve IRR scores needed for accreditation. RT programs, and more importantly, RT students will benefit from standardized clinical preceptor training for all faculty members involved with clinical evaluations of students. This training will help improve the quality of clinical evaluations and guidance to RT students.
Contaminant transport forecasting in the subsurface using a Bayesian framework

Abstract In monitoring subsurface aquifer contamination, we want to predict quantities—fractional flow curves of pollutant concentration—using subsurface fluid flow models with expertise and limited data. A Bayesian approach is considered here and the complexity associated with the simulation study presents an ongoing practical challenge. We use a Karhunen–Loeve expansion for the permeability field in conjunction with GPU computing within a two–stage Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method. Further reduction in computing costs is addressed by running several MCMC chains. We compare convergence criteria to quantify the uncertainty of predictions. Our contributions are two-fold: we first propose a fitting procedure for the Multivariate Potential Scale Reduction Factor (MPSRF) data that allows us to estimate the number of iterations for convergence. Then we present a careful analysis of ensembles of fractional flow curves suggesting that, for the problem at hand, the number of iterations required for convergence through the MPSRF analysis is excessive. Thus, for practical applications, our results provide an indication that an analysis of the posterior distributions of quantities of interest provides a reliable criterion to terminate MCMC simulations for quantifying uncertainty.
Age-related outcomes in patients with esophageal cancer: A propensity score matched analysis.

326Background: Esophageal cancer is increasing in incidence worldwide. It is estimated that there will be 17,650 new cases of esophageal cancer diagnosed, with 16,080 dying from the disease in the ...
Optimal investment and management of shared bikes in a competitive market

Abstract Rapid growth, fierce competition, and repeated failures of bike-sharing companies in the market highlight urgent needs for a systematic modeling framework to analyze optimal investment and management strategies of bike-sharing companies under competition. The share of bike-sharing market depends on how the competing companies deploy their bikes over time and space since travelers typically choose the nearest available bikes. Hence, each individual company aims to maximize its profit through optimal investment and allocation/rebalancing strategies in response to time-varying demand as well as actions of the peer companies. In this paper, we propose a game-theoretical framework to model the competition between two bike-sharing companies, and a two-stage multi-period stochastic program is developed to model the decision process of each company. The effects of demand elasticity and uncertainty are also discussed. We then show existence of Nash equilibrium and insights into the solution for several special cases. For general cases, an iterative algorithm is proposed to solve the Nash equilibrium. Numerical experiments are conducted to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed model and to draw insights on the impacts of market competition.
[23] Measurement of equilibrium midpoint potentials of thiol/disulfide regulatory groups on thioredoxinactivated chloroplast enzymes

Publisher Summary This chapter presents an experimental strategy and protocol for measuring the reversible exchange of a protein intramolecular disulfide between thioredoxin f and chloroplast target enzymes. These data can in turn be used to determine the equilibrium redox midpoint potentials that control the change in catalytic activity of these enzymes. The chapter uses the titration of fructose-l,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase), a nuclear-encoded protein located in the chloroplast stroma, to illustrate the procedures and considerations involved with determination of equilibrium redox midpoint potentials of the thiol/disulfide conversions controlling chloroplast enzyme activation. Chloroplast FBPase is a tetramer composed of four identical 45-kDa subunits forming a holoenzyme of 180 kDa. The thioredoxin f-dependent reduction of the regulatory disulfide on FBPase can be measured using the thiol-labeling reagent monobromobimane (mBBr) that reacts rapidly and exclusively with accessible thiol groups, producing a fluorescent, chemically modified protein. The thermodynamics of the thiol/disulfide exchange between thioredoxin and the regulatory sulfhydryl groups of the various light-regulated chloroplast enzymes is of increasing interest with the emergence of evidence that differences in the redox properties among the enzymes may play an important role in the regulation of photosynthesis.
Retrospective Review of a Mobile Mammography Screening Program in an Underserved Population within a Large Metropolitan Area.

Rationale and Objectives Mobile mammography units provide preventive health care to patients facing barriers to annual screening. This study reviews the outcomes of a mobile mammography service during a recent 5-year period. Materials and Methods This retrospective study analyzed the examinations by mobile mammography during a 5-year period (9327 examinations). The patients recalled, biopsies performed, and cancers detected were tallied. The race, age, breast cancer size, lymph node involvement, and metastases were recorded. The positive predictive value (PPV) and cancer detection rate metrics were calculated as outlined by the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System Atlas. Results The program identified cancer in 14 cases (cancer detection rate = 1.5 per 1000 examinations [95% confidence interval [CI], 0.9–2.5]) with 11 being invasive. The majority of these cancers were small and of low stage. Lymph node status was determined in 11 of the 14 cases (1 as N1mi, 5 as N0, 4 as N1,1 as N2a). Abnormalities led to 1686 examinations recalled (Recall Rate = 17.8%; PPV 1 = 0.8% [95% CI, 0.5%–1.4%]). One hundred and one were recommended for biopsy (PPV 2 = 13.9% [95% CI, 8.4%–21.9%]), and 98 pursued biopsy (PPV 3 = 14.3% [95% CI, 8.7%–22.6%]). Patient age ranged from 41 to 67 years with an average of 50.6 years. Conclusion The program detected many cancers in an asymptomatic population facing barriers to breast cancer screening. These findings are underscored by the cancers detected at an early stage with a favorable prognosis and support the need for the development of similar programs.
Heterostructure and field engineering for high-performance gallium-oxide electronic devices

This presentation will give an overview of our recent work on materials growth and device engineering of &#120573;-Ga2O3 electronic devices. We will discuss the design and properties of advanced modulation-doped (Al,Ga)2O3/Ga2O3 structures with high sheet charge density and excellent transport properties. We will then outline novel strategies for realizing high breakdown fields and low resistance within devices, and outline design, growth, and characteristics of state-of-art Gallium Oxide devices, including scaled transistors with cutoff frequency of 27 GHz, and transistors with a power switching figure of merit of 586 MW/cm2 and breakdown voltage of 660V.
A Deep Learning Approach to Mapping Irrigation: IrrMapper-U-Net.

Accurate maps of irrigation are essential for understanding and managing water resources. We present a new method of mapping irrigation and demonstrate its accuracy for the state of Montana from years 2000-2019. The method is based off of an ensemble of convolutional neural networks that use reflectance information from Landsat imagery to classify irrigated pixels, that we call IrrMapper-U-Net. The methodology does not rely on extensive feature engineering and does not condition the classification with land use information from existing geospatial datasets. The ensemble does not need exhaustive hyperparameter tuning and the analysis pipeline is lightweight enough to be implemented on a personal computer. Furthermore, the proposed methodology provides an estimate of the uncertainty associated with classification. We evaluated our methodology and the resulting irrigation maps using a highly accurate novel spatially-explicit ground truth data set, using county-scale USDA surveys of irrigation extent, and using cadastral surveys. We found that that our method outperforms other methods of mapping irrigation in Montana in terms of overall accuracy and precision. We found that our method agrees better statewide with the USDA National Agricultural Statistics Survey estimates of irrigated area compared to other methods, and has far fewer errors of commission in rainfed agriculture areas. The method learns to mask clouds and ignore Landsat 7 scan-line failures without supervision, reducing the need for preprocessing data. This methodology has the potential to be applied across the entire United States and for the complete Landsat record.
An Application of the Partially Observed Markov Process in the Analysis of Transmission Dynamics of COVID-19 via Wastewater

As the ongoing outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is severely affecting all over the world, analysis of the transmission of COVID-19 is of more and more interest. We focus on the application of compartmental models in the analysis of transmission of COVID-19 based on the detected viral load in wastewater and the reported number of cases. The measurement of COVID-19 RNA concentrations in primary sludge gives us information about the virus prevalence on a population level. Since the transmission of COVID-19 is a partially observed Markov process including different states, we consider a likelihood-based approach to our statistical inference to understand the inner relationship between different states and how COVID-19 actually transmits. Understanding the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 could give suggestions on public policies.
Challenging Law, Establishing Differences: The Future of Feminist Legal Scholarship

This essay concerns the complex, difficult, and perhaps impossible goal of introducing feminist theory into legal discourse. It analyzes existing and emerging themes that dominate contemporary feminist legal discourse that are of concern because of their limited usefulness in developing a theory of women’s experience within law and legal institutions.Beginning with the ideally antagonistic interaction of feminist theory and the law, this paper locates discussion between the extremes of grand theory and unique experience. The central task of feminist theory is to challenge existing law and legal doctrines through the articulation of a theory of difference. Establishing differences between men and women is a political and theoretical necessity because it illustrates that the law primarily represents and reflects male experience and norms. Secondly, establishing differences between women themselves encourages women to work together, across differences, so that the similar, shared gendered aspects of their lives do not continue to be invisible and unspoken in law.Feminist theory must develop free of the restraints imposed by legal concepts of equality and neutrality, or it will be defined by them.
Proton NMR Studies of Supported Titanium Catalyst for Quantification of Incorporated Internal Electron Donor

Proton NMR method developed for quantification of internal donor incorporated in supported titanium catalyst. 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane was used as internal standard for quantification. The calibration curve was prepared and found linear for the desired range. This method was demonstrated for quantification of diisobutyl phthalate in catalyst. Method was resulted in good quantitative estimation of organic species in catalyst, which makes FT-NMR as an alternate analytical tools for quantitative and qualitative analysis.
Torts 2.0

In this Symposium Essay, I analogize the American Law Institute's Restatement (Third) of Torts to "Web 2.0." The story of the Third Restatement and its progenitors bears a remarkable resemblance to the great technological revolution of the last century's end: the World Wide Web. Web. 1.0, the first generation of internet activity, treated users as passive. Web 2.0, by contrast, is organic and allowes user preferences to drive site development.Like Web 2.0, the Third Restatement embraces the "architecture of participation" in the development of tort law. Instead of a top-down approach, ala Web 1.0 and the Second Restatement of Torts, the Third Restatement's embrace of a flexible and open-ended formulation of key tort principles encourages judges and juries to play a participatory role in developing the law of torts.
Expression in an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus of genes putatively involved in metabolism, transport, the cytoskeleton and the cell cycle

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are multinucleate, coenocytic, obligate symbionts with no known sexual stages and very wide host and habitat ranges. While contributing vitally to the growth of land plants they face unique challenges in metabolism, transport, growth and development. To provide clues to the strategies that AM fungi have adopted, random sequencing of cDNA's from Glomus intraradices was undertaken. Putative genes for enzymes, transporters, structural proteins and cell-cycle regulatory factors were discovered. Among the EST's of particular interest are sequences with homology to known trehalase, arsenite transporter, cysteine synthase, tubulins, actin, dynein, cell cycle regulatory proteins, and three meiosis-related proteins. The significance of these sequences is discussed in the context of what is known about AM metabolism, transport, growth and phylogeny.
C-Terminal mutations in the chloroplast ATP synthase gamma subunit impair ATP synthesis and stimulate ATP hydrolysis

Two highly conserved amino acid residues, an arginine and a glutamine, located near the C-terminal end of the gamma subunit, form a "catch" by hydrogen bonding with residues in an anionic loop on one of the three catalytic beta subunits of the bovine mitochondrial F1-ATPase [Abrahams, J. P., Leslie, A. G., Lutter, R., and Walker, J. E. (1994) Nature 370, 621-628]. The catch is considered to play a critical role in the binding change mechanism whereby binding of ATP to one catalytic site releases the catch and induces a partial rotation of the gamma subunit. This role is supported by the observation that mutation of the equivalent arginine and glutamine residues in the Escherichia coli F1 gamma subunit drastically reduced all ATP-dependent catalytic activities of the enzyme [Greene, M. D., and Frasch, W. D. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278, 5194-5198]. In this study, we show that simultaneous substitution of the equivalent residues in the chloroplast F1 gamma subunit, arginine 304 and glutamine 305, with alanine decreased the level of proton-coupled ATP synthesis by more than 80%. Both the Mg2+-dependent and Ca2+-dependent ATP hydrolysis activities increased by more than 3-fold as a result of these mutations; however, the sulfite-stimulated activity decreased by more than 60%. The Mg2+-dependent, but not the Ca2+-dependent, ATPase activity of the double mutant was insensitive to inhibition by the phytotoxic inhibitor tentoxin, indicating selective loss of catalytic cooperativity in the presence of Mg2+ ions. The results indicate that the catch residues are required for efficient proton coupling and for activation of multisite catalysis when MgATP is the substrate. The catch is not, however, required for CaATP-driven multisite catalysis or, therefore, for rotation of the gamma subunit.
Multiaxis Maglev Positioner With Nanometer Resolution Over Extended Travel Range

This paper presents a novel multiaxis positioner that operates on the magnetic-levitation (maglev) principle. This maglev stage is capable of positioning at the resolution of a few nanometers over a planar travel range of several millimeters. A novel actuation scheme was developed for the compact design of this stage that enables six-axis force generation with just three permanent magnets. We calculated the forces with electromagnetic analysis over the whole travel range and experimentally verified them with a unit actuator. The single-moving part, namely, the platen, is modeled as a pure mass due to the negligible effect of magnetic spring and damping. There are three laser interferometers and three capacitance sensors to sense the six-axis position/rotation of the platen. A lead-lag compensator was designed and implemented to control each axis. A nonlinear model of the force was developed by electromagnetic analysis, and input current linearization was applied to cancel the nonlinearity of the actuators over the extended travel range. Various experiments were conducted to test positioning and loading capabilities. The 0.267 kg single-moving platen can carry and precisely position an additional payload of 2k g. Its potential applications include semiconductor manufacturing, microfabrication and assembly, nanoscale profiling, and nanoindentation. DOI: 10.1115/1.2789468
A test set for measurement of envelope delay distortion at audio frequencies with 1-microsecond precision

The accelerating use of transmission facilities for data transmission requires an increased knowledge and control of phase characteristics of the facilities and associated networks. These are commonly controlled by specification of a related quantity designated as envelope delay. Specifications have been encountered calling for control or equalization of a switching link to limits of ± 10-?sec (microsecond) envelope delay over a frequency range of 1,000 to 2,600 cps (cycles per second). Such requirements call for measuring equipment capable of accurately and rapidly measuring envelope delay.
Synchroneity of the K-T oceanic mass extinction and meteorite impact: Blake Nose, western North Atlantic

A 10-cm-thick layer of green spherules occurs precisely at the biostratigraphic boundary between the Cretaceous and Paleogene (K-T boundary) at Ocean Drilling Program Site 1049 (lat 30°08′N, long 76°06′W). The spherulitic layer contains abundant rock fragments (chalk, limestone, dolomite, chert, mica books, and schist) as well as shocked quartz, abundant large Cretaceous planktic foraminifera, and rounded clasts of clay as long as 4 mm interpreted as altered tektite glass probably derived from the Chicxulub impact structure. Most of the Cretaceous foraminifera present above the spherule layer are not survivors since small specimens are conspicuously rare compared to large individuals. Instead, the Cretaceous taxa in Paleocene sediments are thought to be reworked. The first Paleocene planktic foraminifera and calcareous nannofossil species are recorded immediately above the spherule bed, the upper part of which contains an iridium anomaly. Hence, deposition of the impact ejecta exactly coincided with the biostratigraphic K-T boundary and demonstrates that the impact event was synchronous with the evolutionary turnover in the oceans. These results are consistent with a reanalysis of the biostratigraphy of the K-T boundary stratotype, which argues that shallow-marine K-T boundary sections are not biostratigraphically more complete than deep-sea K-T boundary sites.
Predictors of Modern Homonegativity among Professional Counselors

Modern homonegativity is prejudice against gay men and lesbians based on current issues such as equality and social justice. Predictors of modern homonegativity among professional counselors were examined. Logistic regression analysis indicated that frequency of church attendance, not having a gay or lesbian friend, being a member of the Republican political party, not having participated in training about gay and lesbian sexual identities in the 12 months prior to the study, and being older predicted the probability of counselors having high modern homonegativity scores.
Nutritional regulation of organelle biogenesis inEuglena: Photo- and metabolite induction of mitochondria.

Exposure of dark-grown restingEuglena gracilis Klebs var.bacillaris Cori to light, ethanol, or malate produced an increase in the specific activity of fumarase (EC. 4.2.1.2) and succinate dehydrogenase (EC. 1.3.99.1) during the first 8-12 h of exposure to inducer, followed by a decrease in the specific activity of both mitochondrial enzymes between 12 and 72 h. The increased specific activity represented a net increase in the level of active enzyme, and it was dependent upon cytoplasmic protein synthesis. The photoinduction of fumarase required continuous illumination while the subsequent decrease in fumarase specific activity was independent of light. Light had little effect on the ethanol and malate induction of fumarase and succinate dehydrogenase. In the mutant W3BUL, which has no detectable protochlorophyll(ide) and chloroplast DNA, light induced both mitochondrial enzymes and the kinetics of enzyme induction were similar to the induction kinetics in wild-type cells. The induction of mitochondrial enzymes appears to be controlled by a non-chloroplast photoreceptor. Dark-grown resting cells of the plastidless mutant W10SmL have lost the ability to regulate fumarase levels. In this mutant, the specific activity of fumarase fluctuated and light had little effect on these fluctuations, indicating that fumarase synthesis was uncoupled from the nonchloroplast photoreceptor. Ethanol addition produced transient changes in fumarase specific activity in W10SmL indicating that in this mutant, mitochondrial enzymes are still inductible by metabolites. Fumarase synthesis in wild-type cells was not induced in the dark by levulinic acid, a chemical inducer of the breakdown ofEuglena storage carbohydrates. Taken together, our results indicate that the photoinduction of mitochondrial enzyme synthesis is not a result of the photoinduction of carbohydrate breakdown. The mechanisms by which light and organic carbon induce the synthesis ofEuglena mitochondria may differ.
Soil nitrogen transformations and the role of light fraction organic matter in forest soils

Depletion of soil organic matter through management activities can alter substrate availability for microbes, potentially shifting the dynamic balance between nitrogen (N) immobilization and mineralization. Soil light fraction (LF) organic matter is a reactive pool that decreases upon cultivation of forest soils, and recovers slowly after agricultural abandonment. Here we examine the hypothesis that rapid incorporation of N into the relatively young and reactive LF organic matter is an important mechanism for the retention of added inorganic N in forest soils. We determined the incorporation of 15N-ammonium and 15N-nitrate into the LF (<1.75 g cm−3) and heavy fraction (HF) after 18 h, after removing KCl-extractable ammonium and nitrate. We also measured gross N transformations in forest soils with different agricultural land-use history and present-day vegetation at Harvard Forest, USA. The LF was a strong short-term sink for N, incorporating an average of 39% of added ammonium and 17% of added nitrate after an 18 h incubation. The HF was a small sink (<5%) for added N. Less than 15% of added 15N was recovered in the exchangeable pools after 18 h. Tracer recovery was only 40–60% of the 15N added, suggesting a rapid conversion into soluble organic compounds not measured in the KCl or metatungstate solution. The LF incorporated more 15N than the HF per unit of carbon, indicating that not simply the amount but the composition of organic matter controls its function as a site for N incorporation. Gross production was 1–8 mg ammonium-N kg−1 soil d−1 and <0.1–1 mg nitrate-N kg−1 soil d−1 and was unrelated to soil moisture. In contrast, low soil moisture was associated with strongly reduced gross microbial immobilization. The LF organic matter was the most important measured short-term sink for inorganic N, and may play a key role in the rapid immobilization of N in forest soils. Changes in the size and nature of the soil LF organic matter could have important implications for N dynamics in many soils.
Intracellular calcification occurring in a transplanted human tumor.

Summary Light microscopic and electron microscopic studies of a transplanted adenocarcinoma of human origin indicate that a calcium-containing inorganic compound having a crystalline structure is present within the tumor cells. The crystal lattice is probably that of hydroxyapatite. Intracellular calcification appears to start along surfaces afforded by finely granular or fibrillar material occurring within well defined vacuoles within some of the viable tumor cells. The crystals are very small and similar in appearance to those seen in bone.
Serial-position curve of verbal learning after prolonged practice.

This study investigated the effect of prolonged practice on the serial-position curve of learning. Thirteen Ss learned to a criterion of two perfect recitations by the anticipation method 12 different serial lists of 10 nonsense syllables, one list being learned each day. The hypothesis was that the skewness of the serial-position curve is produced by S's span of immediate memory. The prediction was that an increase in the memory span due to practice would cause an increase in the skewness of the serial-position curve. The skewness of the serial-position curve did increase with practice as predicted, but internal relations in the data implied a causal mechanism which was unrelated to memory span. Instead, Ss improved in the use of a strategy which employed the first serial item as an anchor item for directing learning.
Chronopotentiometric reduction of copper(II) at a platinum electrode in acetonitrile

Summary The kinetics of the Cu(II) Cu(I) couple are strongly dependent on electrode pretreatment, reminiscent of many observations in aqueous solutions. Reproducible results were obtained by first cycling the electrode between +1.5 and −1.5 V vs . Ag + (0.01 M )/Ag. A non-linear Gaussian least-squares formalism was utilized for the estimation of electron transfer parameters from quasi-reversible and totally irreversible chronopotentiometric data. The influence of double-layer charging on the calculated kinetic parameters is discussed.
The Ecology of Learning: The Impact of Classroom Features and Utilization on Student Academic Success.

This study shows that the physical size of classrooms and timing of classes correlate with cognitive growth and retention of first-year students enrolled at a medium-size, moderately selective public university.
Characterization of ribonuclease B heterogeneity and the identification and removal of phosphate adducts by high resolution electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion clylotron resonance mass spectrometry

Abstract New instrumentation based on the combination of electrospray ionization (ESI) and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometry has been developed for the study of large biomolecules. The high resolution and accurate mass measurement possible with this instrumentation are demonstrated by application of the hetereogeneous glycoprotein, Ribonuclease B (RNase B). The high resolution routinely attainable allows unambiguous charge state assignments, and thus, precise mass determination for all ions observed and demonstrates the utility of ESI-FTICR for the analysis of complex biological mixtures. In addition, results are presented for the dissociation of RNase B in both the electrospray source and in the ICR cell. The results show that phosphate adducts to RNase B molecular ions are most readily dissociated in the heated capillary inlet, less effectively by collisional activation in the 1–10 Torr capillary-skimmer region, and with significantly reduced efficiency by collisional activation in the ICR cell, where other dissociation processes dominate. This trend is correlated with the extent of molecular ion solvation expected in the three regions, and suggests that phosphate adduct removal is most effective for solvated molecular ions.
Miniature, low power, generic Doppler sonar

The Oceanographic Systems Laboratory at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution has developed a small, low power, single-axis, range-gated pulse-coherent Doppler sonar, that is primarily intended for boundary layer turbulence studies. This instrument is composed of a receiver-transmitter, a 24MHz analog-to-digital converter, a down converter, and a low power Digital Signal Processor (DSP). The system is capable of autonomous operation from a variety of stationary platforms, such as buoys, moorings, and bottom frames, and small mobile platforms, including gliders, profilers, towed bodies and autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs).
Pulse Radiolysis Studies of Water-Soluble Tungsten Hydride Complexes: One-Electron Reduction of Metal Hydrides and Hydrogen Atom Transfer Reactions

The reactivity of the previously (Organometallics 2000, 19, 824−833) prepared hydride complexes (C5H4CO2H)L(CO)2WH (L = CO, PMe3) and the corresponding metal−metal dimers [(C5H4CO2H)L(CO)2W]2 in pulse radiolysis studies in aqueous solution is reported. The disappearance of eaq- was monitored to determine the rate constants for one-electron reduction. The smallest reduction rate constant was obtained for the dianion (C5H4CO2)(CO)3W2- (4.3 × 109 M-1 s-1), and the largest value (1.2 × 1010 M-1 s-1) was observed for its conjugate acid (C5H4CO2)(CO)3WH-. For the PMe3-substituted complexes, the dimer reduction rate constant was about twice as large as that for the hydride (k = 8.4 × 109 M-1 s-1). Rate constants for reaction with CO2-, 3.2 × 108 (pH 5) and 3.0 × 107 (pH 9.7) M-1 s-1, were determined for (C5H4CO2)(CO)3WH- and (C5H4CO2)(PMe3)(CO)2WH-, respectively. Rate constants for the reactions of the hydride complexes with the carbon-centered radical from tert-butyl alcohol and the α-hydroxy radicals from etha...
Scalable Architecture for Federated Translational Inquiries Network (SAFTINet) Technology Infrastructure for a Distributed Data Network.

Introduction . Distributed Data Networks (DDNs) offer infrastructure solutions for sharing electronic health data from across disparate data sources to support comparative effectiveness research. Data sharing mechanisms must address technical and governance concerns stemming from network security and data disclosure laws and best practices, such as HIPAA. Methods . The Scalable Architecture for Federated Translational Inquiries Network (SAFTINet) deploys TRIAD grid technology, a common data model, detailed technical documentation, and custom software for data harmonization to facilitate data sharing in collaboration with stakeholders in the care of safety net populations. Data sharing partners host TRIAD grid nodes containing harmonized clinical data within their internal or hosted network environments. Authorized users can use a central web-based query system to request analytic data sets. Discussion . SAFTINet DDN infrastructure achieved a number of data sharing objectives, including scalable and sustainable systems for ensuring harmonized data structures and terminologies and secure distributed queries. Initial implementation challenges were resolved through iterative discussions, development and implementation of technical documentation, governance, and technology solutions.
Non-local dielectric functions on the nanoscale: electronic polarization and fluctuations

Abstract In this work, we use a non-local dielectric theory to describe the electronic polarization induced by perturbing fields, and to characterize spontaneous, quantum mechanical fluctuations in the polarization. The theory holds on the intramolecular length scale, within the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. A non-local dielectric function e d ( r , r ′) acts as an integral kernel that gives the dielectric displacement D(r) at point r within a molecule, in terms of the electric field E(r′) acting at other points r ′. Due to the inhomogeneity of the intramolecular environment, e d ( r , r ′) differs from the non-local dielectric function e v ( r , r ′) that characterizes the screening of applied potentials; however, the longitudinal component of the spatial Fourier transform e d ( k , k ′) is completely determined by k,k′, and e v ( k , k ′). For a molecule in equilibrium with a radiation bath at a fixed temperature, the fluctuation-dissipation theorem relates correlations of the spontaneous polarization fluctuations to the imaginary part of the non-local polarizability density. From this result, we derive a relation between the correlations of the fluctuating electronic polarization and the dielectric function e d ( r , r ′;iω).
CENTROID-MOMENT TENSOR SOLUTIONS FOR OCTOBER-DECEMBER, 1997

Abstract Centroid-moment tensor solutions are presented for 238 earthquakes that occurred during the fourth quarter of 1997. The solutions are obtained using corrections for aspherical earth structure represented by a whole mantle shear velocity model SH8/U4L8 of Dziewonski and Woodward [Dziewonski, A.M., Woodward, R.L., 1992. Acoustic imaging at the planetary scale. In: Emert H., Harjes, H.-P. (Eds.), Acoustical Imaging, Plenum, 19, 785–797]. A new model of anelastic attenuation of Durek and Ekstrom [Durek, J.J., Ekstrom, G., 1996. A radial model of anelasticity consistent with long-period surface wave attenuation, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 86, 144–158] is used to predict the decay of the waveforms.
Hyperspectral Target Detection Assessment Using An Online Evaluation System

In this paper, we evaluate several popular and simple matched-filter-based target detection algorithms using the online accessible HyMap data and ground truth provided by Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing (DIRS) Laboratory at Rochester Institute of Technology, and compare with their regularized versions. Based on both self and blind tests, the performance of these widely used detectors is objectively and fairly compared. Based on our experience, some recommendations for possible system improvements are provided.