cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TINEA FACIEI CAUSED BY TRICHOPHYTON RUBRUM MELANOID TYPE AND PITYRIASIS VERSICOLOR

Tinea faciei is a superficial dermatophyte infection limited on the face. Trichophyton rubrum is one of the most common causative species due to tinea faciei. In addition dermatophyte group, superficial fungal infection can caused by Candida and Malassezia. Pityriasis versicolor is superficial fungal infection caused by genera Malassezia. A case of tinea facialis caused by Trichophyton rubrum melanoid type with pityriasis versicolor. Diagnosis base on clinical features, direct examination with KOH 10% and culture. Patient was treated with oral ketoconazole and myconazole 2% cream. Clinical and mycological improvement after 3 weeks treatment. Keyword : tinea facialis, Trichophyton rubrum melanoid type , pityriasis versicolor
Sexual discrimination by golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus)

Experiments were designed to investigate variables that may be essential for the establishment of sexual discriminations by male and female golden hamsters. It was demonstrated that heterosexual contact experience of females is not an essential prerequisite for their ability to discriminate between males and females as adults. Males that had made physical contact with an alternate estrous hamster immediately prior to testing were found to be significantly more attractive to estrous hamsters than unprimed males. A past record of copulatory experience did not necessarily render males more attractive than sexually naive males. Whereas lordosis, tonic immobility, and maintenance of physical proximity served as measures of female sexual preference, flank marking by females against the cages confining hamsters did not serve as such a measure. Intact male hamsters reliably discriminated between an intact estrous hamster and an untreated overiectomized one only after they had contacted an alternate estrous hamster prior to testing. Male sexual discrimination between an intact estrous and an intact diestrous hamster was shown only when the stimulus females had been primed immediately prior to the test trial by allowing them to physically contact an alternate male. Upon simultaneous presentation of estrous vs diestrous vaginal secretions, intact males preferred to spend more time licking and sniffing the estrous sample in 50% of the test trials. However, only 10 sec more time was spent on average with the estrous sample. It is concluded that male hamsters probably rely more on a combination of visual, tactile, chemosensory, and auditory cues rather than solely on olfactory stimuli to discriminate between a sexually receptive and nonreceptive hamster. Furthermore, the strength of the cues appear to vary as a function of recent heterosexual contact.
A survey of dimension theory II

This chapter presents a survey of modern dimension theory emphasizing the development since 1961 when the first Prague Symposium was held. The chapter discusses the dimension theory of metric spaces and non-metrizable spaces. As M. Katetov and K. Morita extended principal results of the classical dimension theory like sum theorem, decomposition theorem and product theorem to general metric spaces and proved dim R = Ind R for every metric space R, there has been a remarkable progress in the theory for metric spaces. Comparing the general imbedding theorem with the classical one for separable metric spaces, it is noticed that P(A) has infinite dimension while every n -dimensional separable metric space is imbedded in the (2 n + l)-dimensional Euclidean cube I 2n + l . In contrast to the metric case, there are many fundamental problems to be solved in the nonmetrizable case. For example, it is not known whether ind R = Ind R for every compact space R though it is not true for normal spaces. The chapter presents a list of grade to show how good or bad the present status of dimension theory for nonmetrizable spaces is in comparison with the theory for separable and nonseparable metric spaces.
Rapid microdetermination of fatty acids in biological materials by gas-liquid chromatography.

Abstract Total and free fatty acids in general ranging from lauric to nervonic acid were separated and quantitated based on an internal standard method as methyl esters by “on column” methylation with trimethyl-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl) ammonium hydroxide (TMTFTH) in a gas chromatographic system. This study represents an application of a method published by MacGee and Allen and a change to an internal standard technique. For the determination of the total fatty acids the sampls were saponified with KOH-CH3OH, acidified with H2PO4, and then the fatty acids were extracted into hexane. An aliquot of the hexane extract was then extracted with TMTFTH and chromatographed. For determination of free fatty acids the sample was acidified with H3PO4, immediately extracted with hexane and processed as described earlier. The relative standard deviation of 1.4 to 4.2% illustrates the precision of the method and the recovery of the fatty acids ranged from 88.5 to 100.5%. This method was applied to the determination of fecal fatty acids in conjunction with an interdepartmental study on “High protein diet in colon cancer” at the University of Missouri. In addition, the applicability of the analytical procedure (with small modifications) was shown for a wide variety of biological materials (serum, milk, skin tissue, fungal spores, food homogenates, beef tissues, and tumor cell cultures). The analyses were performed on different gas chromatographs by different analysts.
Lavendamycin Antitumor Agents: Structure-Based Design, Synthesis, and NAD(P)H:Quinone Oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) Model Validation with Molecular Docking and Biological Studies

A 1H69 crystal structure-based in silico model of the NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) active site has been developed to facilitate NQO1-directed lavendamycin antitumor agent development. Lavendamycin analogues were designed as NQO1 substrates utilizing structure-based design criteria. Computational docking studies were performed using the model to predict NQO1 substrate specificity. Designed N-acyllavendamycin esters and amides were synthesized by Pictet-Spengler condensation. Metabolism and cytotoxicity studies were performed on the analogues with recombinant human NQO1 and human colon adenocarcinoma cells (NQO1-deficient BE and NQO1-rich BE-NQ). Docking and biological data were found to be correlated where analogues 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16 were categorized as good, poor, poor, poor, and good NQO1 substrates, respectively. Our results demonstrated that the ligand design criteria were valid, resulting in the discovery of two good NQO1 substrates. The observed consistency between the docking and biological data suggests that the model possesses practical predictive power.
Th use of morin for fluorescent localization of aluminum in plantissues.

(1970). The Use of Morin for Fluorescent Localization of Aluminum in Plant Tissues. Stain Technology: Vol. 45, No. 6, pp. 301-303.
Effect of excited states of atomic oxygen ions on the reaction rates and thermal balance in the F-region.

Abstract A recent paper by Rutherford and Vroom (1971) showed that the charge transfer reaction of the metastable O+(2D) with N2 was significantly faster than the ground state, O+(4S), reaction. Similarly, Stebbings et al. (1966) showed that the charge transfer with O2 was at least an order of magnitude greater for the excited O+(2D) than the ground state atomic oxygen ion. Thus a substantial portion of the atomic oxygen ions in the O+(2D) state will provide an important source of N2+ and O2+ which will have the effect of increasing the electron-ion recombination rate. The excited states of atomic oxygen ions can also undergo de-excitation by means of radiative transitions or collisional electron deactivation. The electron deactivation provides the electrons with several eV of energy for each collision, and thus provides a highly efficient heating source for the ambient electrons. This paper presents the reaction rates for the metastable states of O+ and other relevant data needed to calculate the electron-ion recombination rate and the ambient electron heating rate. A comparison is made to indicate how much effect the excited states of O+ have on these two processes in the F-region.
A rapid 3D protein Structural Classification using Pseudo 2D HMMs

In this paper, we introduce a rapid method to classify protein structures. Instead of using the 3D structures of proteins directly, we used 2D inner-distance matrices converted from the 3D protein structures and extracted feature vectors from the 2D inner-distance matrices. We divided the matrices into a training dataset and a testing dataset. We then employed a 2D Hidden Markov Model (2DHMM) to classify the protein structures. First, we obtained a 2DHMM protein structure template from training the dataset of the 2D inner-distance matrices. Second, we applied the 2DHMM template to the testing dataset. The results show that our approach obtains a competitive performance to other approaches.
The Hybrid Monte Carlo Algorithm and the chiral transition

In this talk the author describes tests of the Hybrid Monte Carlo Algorithm for QCD done in collaboration with Greg Kilcup and Stephen Sharpe. We find that the acceptance in the glubal Metropolis step for Staggered fermions can be tuned and kept large without having to make the step-size prohibitively small. We present results for the finite temperature transition on 4/sup 4/ and 4 x 6/sup 3/ lattices using this algorithm.
Laminar free convection about vertical and horizontal plates at small and moderate grashof numbers

Abstract Steady laminar free convection about heated isothermal vertical and horizontal plates is studied in the Rayleigh-number range up t 300 at Prandtl numbers of 0·72 and 10·0. The governing hydrodynamic and energy equations are solved by a numerical finite-difference scheme, yielding details of the momentum and energy fields. In the low Grashof-number range, the energy transfer is predominantly by heat conduction, while thermal convection prevails in the upper range. The effect of Prandtl number is such that the field behaviors can be generally correlated well with a single parameter, the Rayleigh number. Finally, it is also shown that the overall heat-transfer rates agree reasonably well with existing experimental data in the literature.
ENERGY CONSERVATION AND THE DAMPING OF FLEXURAL WAVES BY VORTICITY PRODUCTION

Abstract An analysis is made of the transfer of energy between structural/acoustic vibrations and fluid kinetic energy in flows at very small Mach number. A general energy balance equation is discussed for a vibrating rigid body in either incompressible or low Mach number compressible mean flows. This equation can be used to calculate the growth or decay of structural or acoustic oscillations, and to locate regions of the flow where energy exchanges are significant. A similar general treatment for vibrating elastic bodies does not seem to be possible, except in simple cases involving thin elastic plates in parallel flow. Two such problems are discussed, involving the dissipation of structural vibrations by vorticity production (i) at the trailing edge of a large elastic plate, and (ii) in the circular apertures of a perforated elastic plate in a two-sided grazing mean flow. The interaction of boundary layer turbulence with the apertures of a perforated plate can be a particularly intense source of sound, but in applications where the characteristic frequencies are small, a grazing flow perforated screen has been shown to be an efficient sink of acoustic energy. In this paper predictions are given for damping of bending waves by the same mechanism. When the fluid loading is large, such as for a steel plate in water, these predictions indicate that the damping of resonant bending waves can exceed that normally achieved by coating the plate with elastomeric damping materials, at least over a restricted range of frequencies.
An Experimental Thermal Time-Constant Correlation for Hydraulic Accumulators

A thermal time-constant correlation based on experimental data is presented for gascharged hydraulic accumulators. This correlation, along with the thermal timeconstant model, permits accurate prediction of accumulator thermodynamic losses and the gas pressure and temperature history during compression or expansion. The gas is treated as a real gas, and all properties are allowed to vary with both pressure and temperature. The correlation was developed from heat transfer data obtained with a 2.5 liter piston-type accumulator charged with nitrogen gas. Both horizontal and vertical orientations were studied. The experiments covered the range, 2.6x10s<Ra*<9.5x10'°, 0.77<L/D<1.50, and 0.71<T*<1.0. The gas pressure was varied between 1.0 and 19.5 MPa.
The time to demand funding.

The funding crisis for science may find its solution, however unfortunately, in the recession at hand. There will be a need for federal spending on real infrastructure projects to rescue the economy. NIH and NSF should be among the foremost beneficiaries. In the 1930s, cultural and artistic
Prevalence of serum antibodies against Bartonella species in the serum of cats with or without uveitis

Bartonella henselae has been implicated as a causative agent of chronic uveitis in people and in some cats. The objective of this study was to determine whether Bartonella species seroprevalence or titer magnitude varies among cats with uveitis, cats without ocular diseases recorded and healthy cats, while controlling for age and risk of flea exposure based on state of residence. There was no difference in seroprevalence rates or titer magnitude between cats with uveitis and cats with non-ocular diseases. Healthy cats were more likely to be seropositive for Bartonella species than cats with uveitis. The median Bartonella species titer was 1:64 for all groups, although healthy cats were more likely to have higher titers than cats with uveitis and cats with non-ocular disease. The results suggest that serum antibody tests alone cannot be used to document clinical uveitis associated with Bartonella species infection.
The genetics of gene expression: comparison of linkage scans using two phenotype normalization methods

The goal of this paper is to investigate the effects of normalization procedures for expression data on linkage results. We selected the two most commonly used expression data extraction and normalization methods, Affymetrix global scaling and dChip invariant. After applying these two methods in 3554 expression phenotypes, we identified 45 phenotypes that were more likely to be genetic for either normalization procedure. A genome-wide linkage scan was performed on these expression values (45 phenotypes × 2 normalizations) using 2272 SNPs. Our results showed that: 1) the dChip normalization might inflate the LOD scores because the dChip normalization yielded LOD scores > 3.0 30% more frequently than the Affy normalization, and 2) the difference in LODs between the normalizations were not correlated with their heritabilities. In summary, we conclude, as have other published reports, that normalization methods play an important role in the linkage results, and that some significant linkage signals might be due to a specific normalization method.
Parental Provision of Academic Structure and the Transition to Middle School

This study examined parents' provision of academic structure, and whether they implement it in an autonomy supportive or controlling manner, in relation to children's competence-related beliefs, motivation, and academic behavior over the transition to middle school. Interviews with 160 sixth-grade children were coded on parental structure and autonomy support. Children reported on their competence-related beliefs, motivation, and engagement in sixth and seventh grades. Regression analyses showed that higher structure predicted seventh-grade perceived competence, intrinsic motivation, engagement, and English grades, controlling for these same outcomes at sixth grade. Autonomy support predicted perceived competence, autonomous motivation, and English grades, controlling for prior outcomes. Structural equation models indicated that relations between structure and engagement and between autonomy support and grades were mediated by perceived competence.
An Analysis of Molecular Electrostatic Potentials Obtained by a Local Density Functional Approach

Local density functional theory (DFT–LDA) has been explored as a tool for obtaining the molecular electrostatic potential V(r), using the code DMol. We have presented and discussed DFT–LDA electrostatic potentials for a representative series of molecules: ethylene, benzene, formamide, cytosine, and 2,3,7,8–tetrachlorodibenzo–p–dioxin. V(r) results obtained with a double numerical plus polarization (DNP) basis set show the key features that are characteristic of the ab initio potentials of these compounds and suggest that this is a useful approach, especially for large molecules that are difficult to study by ab initio methods.
A Cohort Study of Resource Use by Medicaid Children With Asthma

* Abbreviation: AFDC = : Aid to Families With Dependent Children Asthma is the most common chronic disease of childhood and accounts for 1% of all health care expenditures. A substantial portion of the cost is derived from care provided in both the inpatient setting and the emergency department.1 ,2Health care plans are using asthma disease management programs to address the rising cost of asthma care and to meet various accreditation requirements. Most asthma disease management programs enroll patients after either inpatient admissions or emergency department visits, and track their success by showing a decline in the use of hospital resources for asthma over a subsequent period of time. Asthma, especially pediatric asthma, is a relatively dynamic disease and there are scant data to support the assumption that 1 year of increased hospitalization or emergency department utilization is predictive of future utilization. We undertook this study 1) to determine the patterns of hospital utilization over a 2-year period among children with asthma, and 2) to describe factors associated with the persistence of high utilization of hospital resources. ### Study Group Selection and Demographics We elected to study a Medical Assistance population because the mortality and morbidity from pediatric asthma disproportionately affects children of lower socioeconomic status.3 ,4Using all of the Medical Assistance claims data for Allegheny County from the 1992–1993 fiscal year and the corresponding eligibility file, children between the ages of 0 and 16 years who were continuously enrolled in the traditional fee-for-service plan for both the 1992–1993 and 1993–1994 fiscal years were selected. Any child enrolled in one of the managed care plans during either fiscal year was eliminated from the study group. Children from the 1992–1993 fiscal year were identified as having asthma if one of the following combinations of claims was paid for by Medical Assistance during that year: a hospitalization with a diagnosis of asthma (ICD-9 code 493.00–493.99 …
Mesozoic neoplasia: origins of haemangioma in the Jurassic age

coarse, net-like structure. The trabecular bone itself is not sclerotic or enlarged. Cement lines and woven bone are absent and the cavity walls are lamellar. The macroscopic, radiologic, and microscopic appearances of this Jurassic bone pathology are those of haemangioma, rather than giant-cell tumour, aneurysmal bone cyst, cystic angiomatosis, haemangiopericytoma, haemangioendothelioma, osteoporosis, osteoblastoma, metastatic disease, or Paget’s disease (only the latter four have been reported in non-human species). Osteoporosis is characterised by thinning of trabeculae, not thickening. Giant-cell tumours, aneurysmal bone cysts, osteoblastomas, and haemangiopericytoma are expansile disorders with thin delicate traveculae. Cystic angiomatosis lesions are surrounded by a rim of slcerotic bone. Haemangioendothelioma (also called angiosarcoma and haemangioendothelial sarcoma) are characterised by thinned trabeculae and ill-defined margins. Lytic lesions of metastatic cancer are usually not as sharply defined as in this case and do not contain thick bridging trabeculae. Paget’s disease is associated with coarsening of trabecular patterns, typically with “blade of grass” fronts of resorption. Contrary to the unidirectional orientation of trabecular thickening in haemangiomas, that in Paget’s disease is not limited to a single plane. Paget’s disease is characterised by woven bone, in contrast to the pattern observed in the reported specimen. Although this is not the first time that the diagnosis of haemangioma has been considered in a dinosaur (Moodie, cited in ref 2), it is the first documentation. Originally misdiagnosed in Jurassic sauropods, speculation about the early occurrence of this vascular tumour is now substantiated. This appears to represent the earliest neoplasm in the geologic record.
Examining the association between pediatric bipolar disorder and anxiety disorders in psychiatrically referred children and adolescents.

Abstract Background To examine the association between anxiety (ANX) and bipolar disorders (BPD) in a clinically referred pediatric sample. Methods Subjects were consecutively referred youth aged Results Bipolar disorder in youth was associated with a significantly increased risk for most of the DSM-IV anxiety disorders and was not specifically linked to any one disorder in particular. Conclusions Bipolar disorder in youth is a significant risk factor for anxiety comorbidity. Considering the morbidity and dysfunction as well as the differing therapeutic needs associated with bipolar and anxiety symptomatology, appropriate therapeutic approaches will be needed for the management of youth with this comorbidity.
Evaluating uncertainty estimates in hydrologic models: borrowing measures from the forecast verification community

Abstract. The hydrologic community is generally moving towards the use of probabilistic estimates of streamflow, primarily through the implementation of Ensemble Streamflow Prediction (ESP) systems, ensemble data assimilation methods, or multi-modeling platforms. However, evaluation of probabilistic outputs has not necessarily kept pace with ensemble generation. Much of the modeling community is still performing model evaluation using standard deterministic measures, such as error, correlation, or bias, typically applied to the ensemble mean or median. Probabilistic forecast verification methods have been well developed, particularly in the atmospheric sciences, yet few have been adopted for evaluating uncertainty estimates in hydrologic model simulations. In the current paper, we overview existing probabilistic forecast verification methods and apply the methods to evaluate and compare model ensembles produced from two different parameter uncertainty estimation methods: the Generalized Uncertainty Likelihood Estimator (GLUE), and the Shuffle Complex Evolution Metropolis (SCEM). Model ensembles are generated for the National Weather Service SACramento Soil Moisture Accounting (SAC-SMA) model for 12 forecast basins located in the Southeastern United States. We evaluate the model ensembles using relevant metrics in the following categories: distribution, correlation, accuracy, conditional statistics, and categorical statistics. We show that the presented probabilistic metrics are easily adapted to model simulation ensembles and provide a robust analysis of model performance associated with parameter uncertainty. Application of these methods requires no information in addition to what is already available as part of traditional model validation methodology and considers the entire ensemble or uncertainty range in the approach.
A Survey of Botnet Detection Techniques by Command and Control Infrastructure

Botnets have evolved to become one of the most serious threats to the Internet and there is substantial research on both botnets and botnet detection techniques. This analysis reviewed the history of botnets and botnet detection techniques. The analysis showed traditional botnet detection techniques rely on passive techniques, primarily honeypots, and that honeypots are not effective at detecting peer-to-peer and other decentralized botnets. Furthermore, the detection techniques aimed at decentralized and peer-to-peer botnets focus on detecting communications between the infected bots. However, the increased use of obfuscation and encryption has significantly impacted the ability to detect botnet communications.
Electron emission from chemical vapor deposited diamond and amorphous carbon films observed with a simple field emission device

Electron emission from chemical vapor deposited (CVD) diamond and amorphous carbon (a-C) films was observed with a simple field emission device (FED). Both diamond and a-C films were prepared with microwave plasma-enhanced CVD techniques. Electron emission in the ficld strength range + 10 to −10 MVm−1 was studied, and the field emission source was confirmed by a diode characteristic of the I-V curve, a straight line in the Fowler-Nordheim (F-N) plot, and direct observation of light emission from a fluorescent screen. The turn-on field strength was ∼5 MVm−1, which was similar for both kinds of carbon films. The highest current density for diamond films, observed at a field strength of 10 MVm−1, was ∼15 μA cm−2. Diamond films yielded a higher emission current than a-C films. The reasons for the observed field emission are discussed.
Parental Divorce: A Protection from Later Delinquency for Maltreated Children

Family structure and maltreatment (abuse and neglect) have been identified as predictors of youth delinquency, although the relationship is not clear. This article furthers this research by studying a sample of maltreated children (n = 250) in one Midwest county, and through a multiple regression analysis of many risk factors, the study identified only one significant delinquency variable that made delinquency less likely—children who experience parental divorce. Some established risk factors were surprisingly found not to be predictive of later delinquency: minority race, one-parent families, youth substance abuse, recurrent maltreatment, and youth behind in academic grade level. Implications for the family studies and juvenile justice fields are set forth.
Shattering Butterflies and Amazons: Symbolic Constructions of Women in Colombian Development Discourse

This article analyzes the construction of gender in development discourse. As development projects are designed and implemented by Third World men and women, local symbolic constructions of gender, class, and race permeate development discourse. The result is a multilayered discourse of development that negotiates Western discourse of modernity with local discourses of race, class, and gender. This analysis examines the intersection of development discourse and local patriarchal discourse in a World Bank project implemented in the agricultural frontier in Colombia. Through textual analysis of project documents and a consultant's field diary, the analysis sheds light on the rhetorical formulas, metaphors, and iconic signifiers that articulate women as ahistorical, static, and passive subjects. Despite its bottom—up, participatory approach to development, this World Bank project keeps marginalizing women, assuming that only men play crucial roles in processes of community and nation building and considering only male community members in processes of empowerment. In conclusion, the article explains how this type of development discourse maintains and reinforces patriarchal cultural codes that exclude women from active participation in development projects.
Experimental analysis of specific treatment factors: Efficacy and practice implications

Interest in the empirical demonstration of the clinical efficacy of psychosocial treatments has been rekindled by societal concerns over accountability and cost effectiveness of mental health services. The result has been the identification of specific treatments for specific disorders. The prescription of treatment content should be based on the theory of therapeutic action and/or the disorder to which it is applied. The demonstration of specific treatment efficacy requires experimental evidence showing the influence of specific procedures beyond nonspecific factors of treatment. We provide an analysis of these factors and their effects in evaluating the specific efficacy of prescriptive psychosocial treatments. Experimental procedures and designs that test the validity of specific treatments are described and applied to cognitive-behavioral treatments of generalized anxiety disorder. The empirical and professional implications of specific treatment efficacy in evidence-based practice are discussed.
Heat increment as affected by protein and amino acid nutrition

The activity of feeding and the metabolism caused by digestion and assimilation of food increase an animal's heat production. This increased heat production has been referred to as specific dynamic effect, specific dynamic action or heat increment (HI). HI is much larger when protein is a source of energy than when carbohydrate or fat are the sources of energy. HI for protein is much greater when the animal's ambient temperature is high than when it is low. Metabolisable energy is used more efficiently, thus having less HI, for maintenance than for production. A suggested explanation is that heat resulting from digestion and assimilation of food can substitute for the heat production in fasting when food provides energy equal to, or less than, maintenance requirements. When energy intake is large enough to support production, HI from anabolic processes becomes a waste product that cannot substitute for a fasting or maintenance function. The same rationale can be applied to the observation that dietary protein has a greater HI when an animal is at high temperatures. At low temperatures protein would be used for maintenance. At high temperatures the same amount of energy from protein would be enough to support production. As a result, HI of the protein would be increased at high temperatures. The high HI of protein or amino acids when at a high level in the diet can be at least partially explained. Protein synthesis requires a large amount of energy. Some energy is required to excrete nitrogenous waste. In addition, dietary protein stimulates protein turnover. Research findings have suggested that HI should be lowered by decreasing dietary protein. For non-ruminant animals this could be accomplished by discovering the essential amino acid requirements for an ideal protein. The ideal protein should result in a minimum HI. Research to date generally fails to document improved feed efficiency as a result of feeding an ideal protein.
Basic Premises of Multidimensional Attitude Change Theory: An Experimental Analysis

Multidimensional attitude change models propose that (1) stimuli defining the domain of attitudes may consist of a multidimensional rather than unidimensional pattern; (2) stimuli associated with each other in the persuasion process will converge with each other in the multidimensional attitude domain. These two propositions receive clear support from three of the hypotheses tested in four-panel cohort data, which analyses show to be multidimensional. The sources of a persuasive message converge on the position they advocate. Multiple sources converge on each other. The findings provided partial support for two other hypotheses on the convergence of self-concept with advocated position and with sources of a persuasive message. A final, somewhat tangential hypothesis also receives clear support: existential associations of concepts are more effective than hortatory associations. These results support further development of multidimensional attitude change models.
Minimum intersymbol interference methods for time domain equalizer design

During initialization, discrete multitone receivers train a time domain equalizer (TEQ) to shorten the channel impulse response to a preset length, /spl nu/+1. G. Arslan et al. report a minimum intersymbol interference (Min-ISI) method for TEQ design (see IEEE Trans. Sig. Process., vol.49, no.12, p.3123-35, 2001). Min-ISI TEQs give the highest bit rates among single-FIR TEQs amenable to real-time implementation on programmable fixed-point digital signal processors (DSPs). The Min-ISI method, however, has several disadvantages: (1) sensitivity to transmission delay; (2) inability to design TEQs longer than /spl nu/+1 taps; (3) sensitivity to the fixed-point computation in the Cholesky decomposition. We develop an alternate Min-ISI cost function, from which we derive: (1) a fast search method for the optimal transmission delay; (2) extensions to design arbitrary-length Min-ISI TEQs; (3) an iterative Min-ISI method. The iterative Min-ISI method avoids Cholesky decomposition, designs arbitrary length TEQs, and achieves the bit rate performance of the original Min-ISI method.
Long Wavelength Roughness Optimization during Thin Cu Film Electropolish

Recent studies of Cu electropolish indicate planarization is not possible due to a large diffusion layer thickness relative to a small post-electroplate step height and small Cu overburden available for electropolish. Assuming an integration scheme that includes a CMP step followed by electropolish, the subsequent challenge of maintaining surface roughness over 300 μm range while electropolishing thin Cu films is addressed by optimizing applied current. For a typical electropolish solution of 6.4 M H 3 PO 4 , 5.4 M glycerin and 17.5 M H 2 O, an rms value of 38 A, comparable to the incoming post-CMP wafers, is demonstrated for 2500 A Cu removal.
Damage Tolerance in Naturally Compliant Structures

In this study, the damage tolerant design in a particular compliant structure, the spider web, has been studied. The orb web spider has evolved over the last 180 million years. This long period of evolution has made the present spider web, an elegant, natural, lightweight structure that efficiently resists different loads, such as wind and insect impact. It can function as a net for catching prey even if several elements are broken. Nature has accomplished these tasks by optimizing its form of construction, and by making spider silk a biopolymer with superior elasticity and tensile strength. Spider webs are clearly one of the most efficient structures engineered by nature. In this study, we attempt to understand how the spider web achieves its damage tolerance. A finite element (FE) model of an ideal spider web has been created using the FEMAP pre- and post-processing software and analyzed using the ABAQUS nonlinear FE code. Both the static and dynamic problems have been considered, and experimental valid...
Inbreeding, herbivory, and the transcriptome of Solanum carolinense

Both inbreeding and herbivory are common in flowering plants, and both are known to reduce fitness. Although inbreeding might also be expected to impact inducible and constitutive plant defenses against herbivores in a variety of ways, investigators have only recently begun to examine the effects of inbreeding on resistance to herbivores. Here, we examined the effects of inbreeding in horsenettle, Solanum carolinense L. (Solanaceae), on herbivore damage and reproductive output under field conditions. In addition, we employed the commercially available Affymetrix tomato (Solanum esculentum L.) microarray to explore changes in S. carolinense gene expression associated with feeding by Manduca sexta) (L.) (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) caterpillars on inbred and outbred horsenettle plants. We found that the inbred horsenettle plants experienced significantly greater herbivore damage in the field and exhibited only 11% of the seed production of outbred plants. Flea beetles and false potato beetles were the most abundant herbivores observed on the experimental plants, and both were observed significantly more often on inbred plants. The microarray-generated transcriptomes of horsenettle revealed that the commercially available microarray chips can be reliably used with this important weed, that damage significantly up-regulates many defense-related genes, and that inbreeding depresses the expression of many genes especially those located in the jasmonic acid, ethylene, abscisic acid, and systemin-mediated pathways that regulate the induction of defensive compounds and organic volatiles. Findings of the field study and the gene-expression analysis are thus complementary, as the former demonstrates that inbreeding impacts plant resistance to herbivores, whereas the latter provides initial insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying these effects and their relationship to fitness.
WOMEN'S GOSSIP AND SOCIAL CHANGE: Childbirth and Fertility Control among Italian and Jewish Women in the United States, 1920-1940

Between 1920 and 1940, increasing proportions of urban Italian and Jewish women gave birth under the supervision of doctors in clinics and hospitals and limited the number of children they bore. We examine the role of women's informal conversation in accounting for the differences between Jewish and Italian women in the timing of these social changes. Women in both groups drew on relatives, friends, and neighbors for information and social support, but differences in the composition of Italian and Jewish networks were relevant for the timing of change in these reproductive behaviors.
Jonathan E. Rhoads Lecture 2012 Improving Patient Care With Practice-Based Research

Practice-based research plays a pivotal role for improving patient care as its primary intent is to solve a clinical dilemma or problem encountered in clinical practice. Its results are immediately applicable to day-to-day clinical practice and essential to the growth of an evidence-based clinical practice. This review emphasizes the importance of this type of research. In addition, it serves to identify common sources for project conception and gives examples based on personal experiences of the author as a clinical practitioner, educator, and researcher. Common barriers to practice-based research are discussed as well as potential solutions offered for consideration.
Other Lorentz Groups

The abstract Lorentz group can be realized by any finite or infinite gyrocommutative gyrogroup in various ways, depending on the choice of the cocyclic map ρ(v). The realization of the abstract Lorentz group by means of Einstein’s gyrogroup of relativistically admissible velocities, obtaining the standard Lorentz group of special relativity theory, is presented in Chapter 10. In this chapter we will present a nonstandard Lorentz group, which is based on the Ungar gyrogroup of relativity velocities.
Association between probiotic and yogurt consumption and kidney disease: insights from NHANES

Data from experimental animals suggest that probiotic supplements may retard CKD progression. However, the relationship between probiotic use, frequent yogurt consumption (as a natural probiotic source), and kidney parameters have not been evaluated in humans. We utilized NHANES data, and analyzed the association of probiotic alone (1999–2012) and yogurt/probiotic (2003–2006) use with albuminuria and eGFR after adjustment for demographic and clinical parameters. Frequent yogurt consumption was defined as thrice or more weekly over the year prior to the interview. Frequent yogurt/probiotic consumers had lower adjusted odds of developing combined outcome (albuminuria and/or eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2) compared to infrequent consumers (OR = 0.76; 95 % CI = 0.61-0.94). When evaluated separately, frequent consumers had lower odds of albuminuria and nonsignificant trend towards decreased odds of low eGFR compared to infrequent consumers. In the probiotic cohort, probiotic consumers were found to have a lower adjusted odds of albuminuria compared to nonusers (OR = 0.59; 95 % CI = 0.37–0.94). Frequent yogurt and/or probiotics use is associated with decreased odds of proteinuric kidney disease. These hypothesis-generating results warrant further translational studies to further delineate the relationship between yogurt/probiotics with kidney dysfunction, as well as microbiome and dysbiosis as potential mediators.
[Analysis on the epidemiological and genetic characteristics of enterovirus type 71 and Coxsackie A16 virus infection in Jiangsu, China].

Objective To determine the epidemiological features of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) outbreaks and the genetic characteristics of enterovirus type 71 (EV71) isolates from patients in Lianyungang, Jiangsu province in May, 2008. Methods Epidemiological, microbiological, cellular and molecular methods were performed to investigate pathogens and to describe the homogeneity of isolated strains. Results 21 cases were reported in this HFMD outbreak with the attack rate as 20.0%. 3 EV71 virus strains were isolated from 10 stool samples. The nucleotide and amino acid homogeneity of these 3 Jiangsu strain with Anhui Fuyang strains were 97.9%-100.0% and 99.7%-100.0%, respectively. These 4 Jiangsu strains were within genotype C sub-geno group C4 in phylogenetic tree. Data from the follow-up study showed that shedding of EV71 and Coxsackie A 16 virus (CA 16) in the latent period appeared in the outbreak of HFMD. Human beings could be infected by both EV71 virus and CA16 at the same time and could also carry the two viruses. We also discovered that EV71 virus could be expelled out of the human body through stool in the fast week and last for 10 weeks. Conclusion The recently identified EV71 isolates from this HFMD outbreak belonged to sub-geno group CA. Facts as: the release of viruses in the latent period, co-infection or coexisting of two viruses at the same time and super long period of expulsion of toxin exist in EV71 and CA16 did exist. Key words: Hand-foot-and-mouth disease; Enterovirus type 71 ; Coxsackie A16 virus; Sequence analysis
Algorithms in the Diagnosis and Management of Exotic Diseases. XXII. Ascariasis and Toxocariasis

day over a life span of about one year. The fertilized eggs (60 x 40 pm) have an outer albuminoid layer, a thick transparent shell, and inner membranes which are highly impermeable. The eggs are passed in the feces in an unembryonated state, and under suitable conditions mature into infective larvae in approximately three weeks. When fully embryonated eggs are swallowed, the larvae (250 x 15 pm) hatch, penetrate the wall of the small intestine, and pass into the circulation within which they are carried into the lungs. After several days they break out of the blood vessels into the alveoli and pass up through the respiratory tract to the esophagus where they are swallowed. When the larvae arrive in the small intestine again, they develop into adult male or female worms and begin production of eggs. The time elapsed from ingestion of eggs to production of eggs by adults is approximately two months.
Imatinib Treatment of Lymphangiomatosis (Generalized Lymphatic Anomaly)

Lymphangiomatosis (eg, generalized lymphatic anomaly) is an abnormal proliferation of lymphatic endothelial cells. It is often a childhood disease, but it may present in adulthood by infiltrating organs and cause obstruction, bleeding, or disruption of lymphatic flow. Pulmonary involvement may be mild or cause diffuse interstitial lung disease, airway obstruction, hemoptysis, chylothorax, chylopericardium, and culminate in respiratory failure. Treatment has been limited to surgical resection or drainage procedures because there is no accepted effective systemic therapy. This report presents a patient with lymphangiomatosis and life-threatening hemoptysis in whom positive immunostaining forc-KITsuggested upregulation of tyrosine kinase and whose disease was controlled with imatinib.
The Micronesian Executive: The Federated States of Micronesia, Kiribati, and the Marshall Islands

For approximately a decade now, three adjacent Pacific Island polities --the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), Kiribati, and the Republic of the Marshall Islands--have been enjoying the heady experience of exercising self-government under the leadership of their respective executives. Now classed as “independent” nations, they first existed as dispersed individual islands or island clusters under warring chieftains until they came under the colonial rule of different European nations at roughly the same time. 2 Similarly, within the short span of less than a year, they all took the definitive step of severing political ties with their respective administering metropolitan nation. In each, indigenous tradition still exercises an important influence over normal daily activities, and to varying degree custom continues to have a part in government as today practiced. Viewed against the current world panorama of nation-states, all three are minuscule both in population and land area; none possesses enough natural resources or is sufficiently developed economically to enjoy more than a very modest level of living; and all are heavily dependent upon extensive financial aid from external sources to support the governments now functioning. In each, most paid employment is in their public sectors and all are experiencing strong, persistent movements of inhabitants from outer islands to the urbanized centers. Notwithstanding these many comparabilities, when establishing their respective democratic systems of government they opted for distinctive executive forms, each varying in significant ways
Investigation of the Impact of Cell Cycle Stage on Freeze Response Sensitivity of Androgen-Insensitive Prostate Cancer.

BACKGROUND Cryoablation, an effective means of ablating cancer, is often used in conjunction with adjuvants that target cancer cells in a specific cell cycle stage to increase treatment efficacy. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of cell cycle stage on cancer freeze response as well as investigate the potential cellular kinetic effect of calcitriol, the active metabolic of vitamin D3, when used as a cryosensitizing adjuvant in order to maximize prostate cancer cell death. METHODS Cell cycle distribution of PC-3 cells was analyzed via flow cytometry to compare gap 1, synthesis, and gap 2/mitosis phase subpopulations pre- and postfreeze as well as changes elicited by calcitriol pretreatment. Distinct gap 1, synthesis, and gap 2/mitosis phase populations were obtained through fluorescence-activated cell sorting and synthesis phase thymidine synchronization. Posttreatment viability was assessed using alamarBlue and fluorescence microscopy to assess live, apoptotic, and necrotic subpopulations. RESULTS A small but statistically significant increase in synthesis phase and decrease in gap 2/mitosis phase populations was noted at 6 hours postfreeze in asynchronous samples. Synchronization in synthesis phase yielded an increase in cell death when combined with freezing to both -15°C and -20°C. Calcitriol pretreatment increased the gap 1 phase population by 20% and a synergistic decrease in viability following freezing. However, gap 1-sorted populations combined with calcitriol treatment did not exhibit this synergistic effect. Fluorescence microscopy of fluorescence-activated cell sorting-sorted cells revealed necrosis as the predominant form of cell death in all phases, though apoptosis did play a role. CONCLUSION Although initial results suggested a potential sensitivity, PC-3 cells exposed to freezing as sorted populations did not reveal significant differences in cell death. As such, the data from this study suggest that there is no difference in cell cycle stage sensitivity to freezing injury.
Application and maintenance of servo valves in aluminium foil rolling mill

Electro Hydraulic Servo Valve is key component in roll load system of aluminium foil rolling mill.This paper introduces the principle and maintenance of Electro Hydraulic Servo Valve..