cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) in phytoplankton, a herbivorous pteropod ( Limacina helicina ), and its pteropod predator ( Clione antarctica ) in McMurdo Bay, Antarctica

Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) present in a natural phytoplankton assemblage, a herbivorous pteropod, Limacinahelicina (Phipps), and a predatory pteropod, Clioneantarctica (Smith), that feeds exclusively on L. helicina were investigated in a coastal Antarctic system during January 2000. This study used a novel approach in MAA analysis by incorporating mass spectrometry (LC/MS and LC/MS/MS) to provide the molecular weight and unique fragmentation pattern for each MAA. HPLC and LC/MS analyses of samples collected in the vicinity of McMurdo Station, Antarctica revealed the presence of two MAAs in the phytoplankton assemblage (shinorine and porphyra-334) and five MAAs in each of the pteropods (mycosporine-glycine, shinorine, porphyra-334, palythenic acid, and palythine). If the MAAs present in the phytoplankton represent what was dietarily obtained by the pteropods, concentration factors of 4.8 and 2.4 attend the first and second trophic transfers, respectively. A theoretical reaction scheme is described for the production of mycosporine-glycine, palythenic acid, and palythine from the shinorine and porphyra-334 via microbial and chemical reactions previously observed in other systems. These findings point to the potential for MAAs (and thereby UV-photoprotection) to be transferred, not just from primary producers to primary consumers, but also to the second trophic level of secondary consumers.
Immune responses of inbred guinea pigs to the random terpolymers poly (Glu57Lys38Tyr5) and poly (Glu51Lys34Tyr15).

SummaryThe immune response patterns (cellular and humoral) or inbred guinea pigs of strains 2 and 13 have been studied employing the two random polymers poly(glu57lys38tyr5) and poly(glu51lys34tyr15). Strain 2 guinea pigs responded against both polymers, whereas strain 13 guinea pigs responded only against the latter polymer. Cross reaction studies with GL and GT polymers indicated that in GLT15, GL sequences could function as carrier for GT determinants (strain 2 response pattern), but GT sequences could not function as carrier for GL determinants (strain 13 response pattern). A possible explanation is offered to account for these findings which are analogous to similar results in guinea pigs with GAT10.The technical assistance of Miss Maria Filinska is gratefully appreciated. We wish to thank Dr. Robert Smyth for performing the iodination reactions.
CO2 tea laser-induced photochemical enrichment of boron isotopes

Abstract Mixtures of BCl 3 and H 2 S are irradiated with 10.55 μm radiation (P(16) line of the 001–100 band of CO 2 ) from a TEA laser. After several hours of irradiation it is found that the maximum 10 B to 11 B ratio of recovered gaseous boron containing material (primarily unreacted BCl 3 ) is 0.413 ± 0.004. The corresponding ratio of the BCl 3 starting material is 0.242 ± 0.002. The 10 B concentration has therefore been increased from 19.5% to 29.2%. Further, by irradiating similar mixtures with 10.18 μm radiation (R(30) line of the same CO 2 vibrational band) this ratio changes to 0.169 ± 0.002, the 10 B concentration being lowered to 14.4%. All experiments are performed in a small static system and chemical procedures for recovering milligram quantities of BCl 3 selectively enriched in either isotope are described.
Noninvasive methods for detection of valve vegetations in infective endocarditis

To determine the optimal noninvasive method for the demonstration of endocarditic vegetations, 35 consecutive episodes of clinically diagnosed endocarditis in 33 patients were studied with M mode and two dimensional echocardiography, and with gallium-67 citrate and technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate cardiac scanning. Clinical criteria for the diagnosis of endocarditis were: temperature higher than 38 degrees C; sustained bacteremia with at least three positive blood cultures; no extracardiac focus of bacteremia; and known underlying heart disease, a new or changing murmur or a history of intravenous drug abuse with radiologic evidence of septic pulmonary emboli. M mode echocardiography detected 18 vegetations in 17 of the 35 episodes of endocarditis studied (49 percent positive); two dimensional echocardiography detected 30 vegetations in 28 of the 35 episodes studied (80 percent positive). In contrast, no vegetations were detected with technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate scanning,, and only two gallium-67 citrate scans were positive. The advantage of the two dimensional echocardiographic technique over all others tested was particularly notable for the identification of aortic and tricuspid valve vegetations.
Progress toward the development of a 100 Gb/s optical data link

As part of the activities of the ARPA-funded, Ultra-Fast Optical Communication Consortium, hardware is being developed which is designed to provide an interface between a parallel array of 1 Gb/s electronic data sources and a 100 Gb/s, single-wavelength fiber optic channel. The input device is an integrated-optic tapped delay line (TDL) whose taps are set by the parallel electrical data streams which are then strobed by a 2 psec pulse to create an n-but optical word with an internal data rate of 100 Gb/s. A prototype device which uses arrays of fixed TIPE gratings for beam splitting and combining and which uses an array of electro-optic gratings as switched is currently being fabricated in a planar LiNbO3 waveguide. Preliminary results and alternative TDL designs will be discussed. The output device, which employs waveguide second harmonic generation in a specially-designed GaAlAs waveguide, converts the temporal optical word into a spatial array of optical signals which can be detected in parallel. Experimental results will be presented which demonstrate that the serial-to-parallel converter can operate at rates exceeding 100 Gb/s, and can be expected to result in bit error rates of better than 10-9 in a high-speed data link. The use of the integrated optic devices in CDMA as well as TDMA systems will be discussed.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Rectal reservoir reduction procedures for internal rectal prolapse

Forty-four patients presenting with painful outlet constipation had internal rectal intussusception documented by cinedefecography. Rectal reservoir reduction by multiple elastic ligation or staple excision of redundant mucosa effectively improved bowel function and outlet symptoms in the majority of patients. Rectal reduction procedures were performed under intravenous sedation with antibiotic coverage, no postoperative sepsis, and a single case of significant postoperative bleeding. Associated abnormalities on defecography were unaffected.
The synthesis of cytochrome b on mitochondrial ribosomes in baker's yeast.

Antiserum against a major cytochrome b peptide isolated from yeast mitochondria as described previously (Lin, L.-F. H., and Beattie, D.S., J. Biol. Chem. 1978, 253, 2412–2418) was raised in rabbits and shown to be monospecific against the pure antigen. Mitochondria were isolated from yeast cells grown in [3H]leucine, extracted with Lubrol and treated with antiserum to cytochrome b. Analysis of the immunoprecipitates by sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of a single major band of molecular weight 31 000 coresponding to cytochrome b. In order to determine the intracellular site of translation of cytochrome b, yeast cells were labeled in vivo under non-growing conditions with [3H]leucine in the absence of presence of inhibitors of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial protein synthesis. The incorporation of radioactive leucine into the apoprotein of cytochrome b isolated by immunoprecipitation followed by gel electrophoresis was insensitive to cycloheximide (an inhibitor of cytoplasmic protein synthesis) and sensitive to acriflavin, erythromycin, and chloramphenicol) inhibitors of mitochondrial protein synthesis). Furthermore, no cytochrome b apoprotein was present in a cytoplasmic petite mutant which lacked mitochondrial protein synthesis. Cytochrome b is thus a product of protein synthesis on mitochondrial ribosomes.
The polymerization of 1,4‐anhydro sugar derivatives

1,4-Anhydro-2,3,6-tri-O-methyt-D-galactose has been synthesized and positively identified for the first time. 1,4-Anhydro-2,3-di-O-methyl-L-arabinose was obtained in nearly pure form by an analogous reaction sequence. Both of these compounds undergo addition polymerization under the influence of Lewis acid catalysts to yield amorphous polymers with maximum degrees of polymerization of approximately 90. The chain propagation proceeds in each case with nearly equal amounts of 5- and 6-mernbered ring opening leading to a mixture of furanosidic and pyranosidic unite in the polymer backbone. The resulting configurations at the anomeric centers under various conditions of polymerization, as elucidated mainly by degradation studies, can be explained only by a carbonium ion rather than a trialkyl oxonium ion polymerization mechanism and with the assistance of conformations analysis. The C-5 substituent in the 1,4-anhydro-2,3,6-tri-O-methyl-D-gitlactose was found to influence the stereochemistry of the chain propagation.
The Factor Structure of DSM-IV Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Symptoms: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the ADHD-SRS

Since the inception of DSM-IV considerable research has focused on the conceptualization of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as a multidimensional construct. This study utilized confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to examine the adequacy of fit for the two-factor model (hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention) previously specified for the ADHD Symptoms Rating Scale (ADHD-SRS), Parent Version. The invariance of this model across gender was then examined using a second, independent sample of children. The results indicate that a two-factor model provides the best fit for the data using the ADHD-SRS. Additionally, findings suggested that this model is invariant across gender. These results provide support both for the psychometric properties of the ADHD-SRS and the subtypes of ADHD specified in the DSM-IV
Surface Segregation and Formation of Silver Nanoparticles Created In situ in Poly(methyl Methacrylate) Films

Nanocomposite films have been prepared by the thermal decomposition of (1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylacetonato)silver(I) (AgHFA) in PMMA films containing 5, 10, and 20 wt % silver nanoparticles (NPs). When Rutherford backscattering spectrometry is used, as-cast films display a relatively uniform distribution of precursor in the midregion and a small excess of Ag near the surface, . Upon annealing at 185 °C, strong segregation of NPs to the surface and substrate is observed. The normalized by initial film thickness increases linearly with wt % Ag. For as-cast films, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis shows that AgHFA forms small spherical domains (1−5 nm) prior to thermal decomposition. Upon preannealing at 107 °C, some aggregation of precursor is observed at the surface and substrate, consistent with the incompatibility of AgHFA with PMMA. Upon annealing at 185 °C, diffusion of the precursor to the surface and substrate occurs concurrently with NP formation. For 20 wt % Ag films, the NP diamet...
AUTONOMIC RESPONSE PATTERNS DURING SADNESS AND MIRTH

Autonomic responses were recorded from three groups of subjects as they viewed a sadness-inducing film, a comedy film, or a control film. Psychological reactions indicated that the stimulus films were effective in eliciting sadness and mirth. Physiologically, sympathetic activation was common to both emotions, with cardiovascular changes being more prominent during sadness and respiratory changes more characteristic of mirth. The relevance of these findings for the investigation of differential physiological patterning during emotion is discussed, and an hypothesis is presented concerning the biological significance of grief.
Tissue factor and obesity, a two-way street.

Increasing rates of obesity and obesity-associated type 2 diabetes are threatening to reverse recent gains in reducing the rates of cardiovascular and thrombotic disease. A new study in obese mice shows that tissue factor, the principal initiator of coagulation, is also promoting the development of insulin resistance and obesity (pages 1490–1497).
Dynamical electric fields in strongly coupled equilibrium plasmas

Various characteristics of dynamical electric fields in strongly coupled equilibrium one-component plasmas are inferred from the dynamical structure factor $S(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{k}},\ensuremath{\omega})$ obtained in molecular dynamics experiments. The energy density due to all the fluctuations generated by $S(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{k}},\ensuremath{\omega})$, narrowly peaked near the plasma frequency, is estimated, and found to be a significant fraction of $\mathrm{nT}$, ($n$=density, $T$=temperature in energy units). The resulting macroscopic field seen by the radiating atom is argued to be an oscillation at the plasma frequency with a slowly varying amplitude when the dispersion $(\ensuremath{\omega} \mathrm{vs} \stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{k}}$ is negligible, and a sum of fields with slowly varying amplitudes and a spread in frequencies when the dispersion is significant.
PALEOCENE DICOTYLEDONOUS TREES FROM BIG BEND NATIONAL PARK, TEXAS: VARIABILITY IN WOOD TYPES COMMON IN THE LATE CRETACEOUS AND EARLY TERTIARY, AND ECOLOGICAL INFERENCES

Paraphyllanthoxylon abbottii n. sp. and cf. Plataninium haydenii Felix from the Paleocene Black Peaks Formation, Big Bend National Park, Texas, are the first Paleocene dicotyledonous woods described from North America. Both represent wood types common in the Cretaceous. There are 30 logs of Paraphyllanthoxylon abbottii; it is rare that a single locality has such as large number of petrified dicotyledonous logs with a similar structural pattern, and the variability in mature wood structure can be documented. Paraphyllanthoxylon abbottii has a combination of features that occurs in many dicotyledonous families, but it is most similar to genera of Burseraceae. The Big Bend Paraphyllanthoxylon trees lack distinct growth rings, which suggests they grew in a climate without marked seasonality; they have high (10-74) vulnerability indices; such high values occur in extant tropical trees. The type species of Paraphyllanthoxylon, P. arizonense Bailey was reexamined, and its quantitative features are described. Aplectotremas Serlin of Albian age from the Edwards Limestone has anatomy like Paraphyllanthoxylon, and most probably is wood from a tree. The wood designated cf. Plataninium haydenii Felix resembles extant Platanaceae but differs in having exclusively scalariform perforation plates. Comparison of this wood with other platanoid woods suggests that in platanoid woods there has been a shortening of vessel elements and a decrease in the frequency of scalariform perforation plates from the Cretaceous through the Tertiary. These changes are consistent with the Baileyan model for specialization in tracheary elements.
Consequences of orthodontic treatment on periodontal health: Clinical and microbial effects

Orthodontic therapy is accomplished by inducing bone turnover in order to move teeth within the alveolus. In addition, orthodontic appliances hinder oral hygiene effectiveness and increase plaque accumulation. Therefore, it is important to examine how these changes influence periodontal health. Our current understanding is that orthodontic therapy influences the periodontium by transiently changing the microbial environment and altering periodontal clinical parameters such as attachment loss and probing depth. However, there are minimal long-term consequences except in a small subset of at-risk patients. High plaque index, subgingival encroachment of the cervical margins of bands, deep probing depths, and length of orthodontic treatment are several risk factors that can significantly increase the risk of long-term attachment loss in patients undergoing orthodontic therapy. Adults may experience fewer negative periodontal effects than children and adolescents, provided they are periodontally stable when orthodontic therapy is initiated. Careful consideration of daily oral hygiene, regular maintenance, and monitoring of periodontal status to maintain stability are critical in successful orthodontic treatment in adult populations. This review examined specific aspects of orthodontic treatment and periodontal health, including differences in responses between adults and children, factors that can influence these parameters, identifying at-risk patients, and post-treatment responses.
Isolation and identification of phenols in oil of vetiver

Abstract Several rare phenols, including 4-vinylphenol, 4-vinyl-2-methoxyphenol and trans -isoeugenol, were identified in oil of vetiver.
Ethical Issues in Practice With Older Women Who Misuse Substances

Older women who misuse substances represent a growing population within the United States. Yet, helping professionals lack guidance in addressing ethical issues that arise in working with these older women. The purpose of this article is to (a) examine what we know about older women who misuse substances, (b) address professional ethical dilemmas and other ethical issues that emerge in treating and delivering services to older women, (c) identify barriers for treatment, and (d) propose practice recommendations. Specifically, the authors examine the overarching professional ethical dilemma or tension between client autonomy and professional beneficence that emerges in treating and delivering services to older women. Implications are delineated for professional education, gender-and age-sensitive substance misuse services, and research and policy efforts.
Thio and seleno sugar esters of dialkylarsinous acids

Abstract The syntheses of 2,3,4,6-tetra- O -acetyl-1- S -dimethylarsino-1-thio-β- D -glucopyranose ( 3 ), 2,3,4,6-tetra- O -acetyl-1- Se -dimethylarsino-1-seleno-β- D -glucopyranose ( 4 ), 1- S -dimethylarsino-1-thio-β- D -glucopyranose ( 5 ), and -1- Se -dimethylarsino-1-seleno-β- D -glucopyranose ( 7 ) are described. The n.m.r., Raman, and mass-spectral properties of the compounds are given. 3- O -Diethylarsino-1,2:5,6-di- O -isopropylidene-α- D -glucofuranose has also been prepared, but characterized only by n.m.r. spectroscopy.
Chlorine-selective monitoring for high-performance liquid chromatography with a hall electrolytic conductivity detector

Abstract Simple, inexpensive modifications have been made to a commercial Hall electrolytic conductivity gas chromatographic detector in order to utilize it for high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) halogen (chlorine) selective monitoring. A portion (0.1–0.3 ml/min) of the column eluent was introduced directly together with hydrogen make-up gas into the heated quartz furnace of a Hall detector, the presence of chlorine-containing compounds in the solvent liberating hydrogen chloride, which was detected in the conventional manner by changes in electrolytic conductivity. Optimization of the detector parameters are described, important features being the length of the inlet tube protruding into the furnace, the furnace temperature and the electrolyte flow-rate. The detector was shown to be sensitive to 50 ng (1.4 ng/sec) of chlorine in chloroalkanes, eluted by reversed-phase HPLC with methanol-water solvent systems, giving a linear response over at least one order of magnitude (0.8–8.0 μ of chlorine). The choice of HPLC solvents was, however, limited to methanol and methanol-water mixtures, as with other organic solvents extensive carbon deposits accumulated in the detector furnace. Applications of the detector are illustrated by its use for monitoring the fractionation of vinyl chloride oligomers isolated from PVC resins.
In-storage softening of kiwi fruit: effects of delayed cooling

Abstract Rapid softening of kiwi fruit while in storage at 0°C limits the marketing period for this crop and contributes to economic loss. The time required to bring fruit to optimum storage temperature is affected by delays between harvest and placing fruit in the cooling facility and by the completeness of cooling. Incomplete cooling of fruit in commercial forced-air coolers results in overall above-optimal average fruit temperatures for undesirable lengths of time and also results in a wide range of temperature among individual fruits. The half cooling time for palletized kiwi fruit packed in wooden trays with liners was 7 h in the coolers tested; thus seven-eighths cooling required 21 h. Delays of 24 h or more before the start of cooling accelerated the softening of fruit, enhanced soluble solids content, and increased the incidence of rotting and shrivelling during storage.
Acidic aqueous decomposition of thiocyanogen

The aqueous reaction of acidic Cl2 with excess SCN- rapidly generates a UV-absorbing intermediate identified as an equilibrium mixture of thiocyanogen, (SCN)2, and trithiocyanate, (SCN)3-. The deco...
Cardioprotective effects of ischemic preconditioning can be recaptured after they are lost.

Objectives. We sought to determine whether the cardioprotective effects of ischemic preconditioning can be reinstated once they are lost in a rat model of coronary occlusion. Background. We have shown in a previous study that the cardioprotective effects of preconditioning are lost if there is a time lag (≥1 h) between the preconditioning and sustained coronary occlusion events in the rat. However, whether the beneficial effects of preconditioning can be regained once they are lost in this model is unknown. Methods. Twenty-eight rats were randomized to one of four groups. Group 1 (control group) underwent 90 min of coronary occlusion without preconditioning. Group 2 had preconditioning (three cycles of 3 min of coronary occlusion and 5 min of reperfusion) that was immediately followed by 90 min of coronary occlusion. In group 3, 90 min of occlusion was delayed by 1 h after preconditioning. In group 4, preconditioning was repeated 1 h after a first preconditioning sequence, followed by 90 min of occlusion. After 4 h of reperfusion, the area at risk was delineated by intravenous injection of blue dye during a brief coronary occlusion, and the area of necrosis was determined by the triphenyltetrazolium chloride technique. Results. Myocardial infarct size, expressed as a percent of the anatomic area at risk in groups 1 and 3 averaged 44.1 ± 6.9% (mean ± SEM) and 49.9 ± 6.9%, respectively. In contrast, groups 2 and 4 (12.1 ± 3.2% and 10.1 ± 2.6%, respectively) had a significantly smaller infarct size (p < 0.01 vs. groups 1 and 3). The incidence of ventricular tachycardia during the 90 min of coronary occlusion in both groups 2 and 4 (14.3%, p < 0.005 and 28.6%, p < 0.05, respectively) was significantly lower than in groups 1 and 3 (100% in both groups). Conclusions. Repeat preconditioning at 1 h was capable of recapturing the cardioprotective effects of preconditioning on both infarct size and ventricular arrhythmia.
LIFE-GCFR: A computer code for predicting Gas-Cooled Fast-Reactor fuel performance

Abstract The fuel-pin modeling code, LIFE-GCFR, has been developed to predict the thermal, mechanical, and fission-gas behavior of Gas-Cooled Fast-Reactor (GCFR) fuel rods under normal operating conditions. Starting with the Liquid-Metal Fast-Breeder-Reactor (LMFBR) code, LIFE-3, a number of modifications and additions were made to the mixed-oxide fuel models in the code to make the description of fuel behavior more physically realistic for both LMFBR and GCFR applications. These include: a more predictive grain growth model, a creep model which is valid for both primary and secondary creep, a stress-dependent crack-healing model, a more realistic solid-fission-product swelling rate, and the addition of the GRASS-SST fission-gas model (modified for fast reactor application). Then the following options were added to incorporate specific design features of the GCFR: helium coolant properties, heat transfer coefficients for smooth and ribbed cladding sections, and a model for the axial diffusion of fission gases from the fuel to the pressure-equalization system (PES). LIFE-GCFR predictions were checked against experimental observations for a wide range of irradiation conditions. The overall good agreement between predictions and experimental results indicates that LIFE-GCFR is capable of realistically predicting the thermal, mechanical, and fission-gas behavior of mixed-oxide fuel under GCFR and LMFBR operating conditions. The reference GCFR fuel-element design was analyzed with the verified LIFE-GCFR code for steady-state histories, power-cycling histories, and the off-normal event of blockage of the PES system. The results of the calculations indicate that the GCFR fuel has adequate design margins under anticipated operating conditions.
The effects of ethanol intoxication on phobic anxiety

Abstract Behavioral conceptions of alcohol abuse often include the hypothesis that drinking behavior is a negatively reinforced operant, with ethanol intoxication viewed as alleviating aversive environmental and internal states. This hypothesis has not been confirmed or refuted by previous studies which employed mild stressors and limited assessment methodology. In the present experiment, 22 patients with severe phobias approached their phobic animal under two consecutive conditions—first while sober and second after drinking either a placebo or an intoxicating dose of ethanol. The severe anxiety induced was assessed behaviorally, physiologically and by the patient's self-report of fear. The intoxicated patients did not experience decreased anxiety, tachycardia or avoidance, compared to the placebo group. These results have clinical implications and suggest the need to reconsider tension-reduction theories of alcohol abuse.
Antimicrobial Activity of Quinupristin-Dalfopristin Combined with Other Antibiotics against Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci

Interactions between quinupristin-dalfopristin and six other antimicrobials were examined by checkerboard arrays against 50 clinical isolates of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium selected to represent a range of susceptibilities to individual agents. Unequivocal synergistic or antagonistic interactions at clinically relevant concentrations were infrequently encountered when the streptogramin was combined with chloramphenicol, ampicillin, imipenem, vancomycin, or teicoplanin. Combinations with doxycycline resulted in synergistic inhibition in 36% of checkerboards. Against 10 strains of Enterococcus faecalis, synergistic interactions were found when quinupristin-dalfopristin was combined with doxycycline (four strains), either glycopeptide (three strains), or ampicillin (two strains). Combination with quinupristin-dalfopristin increased the ampicillin MIC from 1 to 4 μg/ml for one strain. For 10 strains of E. faecium, interactions were also assessed by time-kill methods using concentrations of the agents attainable in human serum. Most of these antimicrobials augmented killing by quinupristin-dalfopristin to a minor degree. Against 2 of the 12 strains in this collection that were not highly resistant to gentamicin, the combination of quinupristin-dalfopristin (2 μg/ml) plus gentamicin (5 μg/ml) resulted in killing approaching 3 log10 CFU/ml. With the exception of doxycycline, inhibitory interactions between quinupristin-dalfopristin and other agents tested against vancomycin-resistant strains of E. faecium were uncommon at clinically relevant concentrations.
Precipitation of cobalt ferrites

Cobalt ferrites were prepared by aging at 90°C either (A) coprecipitated iron(II) and cobalt(II) hydroxides from aqueous solutions of Co(N03)2 and FeSO4, or (B) ferrous hydroxide gels in contact with Co(II) salt solutions. In both cases KNO3 was added to act as a mild oxidizing agent. Magnetic particles were formed when the equivalent concentration of metal ions exceeded that of the hydroxide ion. The chemical composition and the morphology of particles varied with the concentrations of the reacting components in the original solutions. Under certain conditions spherical particles of narrow size distributions were obtained.
Clinical and Biological Effects of Mifepristone Treatment for Psychotic Depression

Psychotic major depression (PMD) is found to be a relatively common psychiatric condition that affects up to nearly 20% of patients with major depression. Previous studies by our group have shown rapid reversal of psychotic symptoms in some PMD patients treated with mifepristone, in addition to restoring a more normal afternoon cortisol release. The rationale for treating patients with PMD with a glucocorticosteroid receptor antagonist is further discussed. In total, 30 patients with PMD were treated with either 600 mg/day mifepristone or placebo for 8 days in a randomized double-blind manner. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) were administered at baseline and again after 8 days of treatment. Cortisol and ACTH were measured hourly from 1800 to 0900 at baseline and after 8 days of treatment. Significantly, more patients in the mifepristone group (seven of 15) showed a 50% or greater decline on the BPRS positive symptom subscale, an index of psychotic symptoms, as compared to the placebo group (two of 15). Patients who received mifepristone had lower HDRS and BPRS scores at study completion compared to those who received placebo, but these differences were not statistically significant. In addition, mifepristone significantly elevated cortisol and ACTH levels and steepened ascending slopes from 1800 to 0100 and from 0100 to 0900 as compared to placebo. Clinical and biological effects of mifepristone were comparable among males and females. Age was found to significantly and positively correlate with changes in cortisol and ACTH. These results suggest that short-term use of mifepristone may be effective in the treatment of PMD and may re-regulate the HPA axis. Additional blinded studies are warranted.
Early Views of Paradise in Islam

This article presents the early history of the faith in Islamic Paradise (al-janna or the Garden) from the seventh to the 12th century ce. The focus of the article is to trace three major stages in the developing doctrine of the Islamic afterlife: doctrinal innovation in the Qur’an and early biography of the prophet Muhammad (Sirat Rasul Allah), elaboration in traditions of the prophet (hadiths), and formalization in eschatological manuals. While providing an introductory survey of the afterworld, the author also considers some of the textual problems and ensuing controversies that have arisen in the field of Islamic history.
Gaseous Insulation for High-Voltage Apparatus

A group of halogenated gaseous compounds have been investigated to determine their impulse (1?x40-microsecond wave) and 60-cycle strength in uniform and nonuniform fields at pressures of 1,2, and 3 atmospheres. The scope of this investigation was confined to bare electrodes, and additional testing will be required to determine the behavior of these gases with various types of solid insulation. It has been found that sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) possesses superior insulating properties for high-voltage apparatus, even at these relatively low pressures. Data obtained in an approximately uniform field indicate that at 30 pounds gauge. pressure this gas approaches the impulse strength of oil. Therefore, certain classes of high-voltage apparatus advantageously may use this gas for their insulation, if other properties are adequate.
War Is a Real-Time Laboratory: Dispatch From Bagram and Biloxi

When I first started writing this editorial around the middle of January 2012, I was at Manas Air Base, near Bishkek, the capital of Kyrgyzstan. I had arrived there a couple of days earlier from a multiple-leg flight that took me from Baltimore to Germany to Turkey and then to Manas, one of the staging areas for service members transitioning into and out of Afghanistan. I was sitting in the local coffee shop awaiting my connecting flight into Bagram Airfield in Afghanistan, where I would soon serve as the Human Protections Administrator (HPA) on the Joint Combat Casualty Care Research Team (JC2RT). The irony is that when Dr Craik originally approached Dr Aiken and me in the fall of 2011 to gauge our interest in putting together a special issue focused on military rehabilitation, I had absolutely no idea I would even be deployed. I now sit back in the comforts of my home in the United States putting the finishing touches on this editorial, the writing of which spanned my entire 6-month deployment. Needless to say, this special issue now has more personal relevance for me than perhaps it otherwise would have had! Regardless of your political leanings, war is the closest thing to hell on Earth, especially as it relates to combat casualties. Fortunately, service members at war now have immediate access to new lifesaving drugs, blood products, and techniques for applying tourniquets. Due to these rapid advancements, survival rates among …
Biosynthesis of reovirus-specified polypeptides. purification and characterization of the small-sized class mRNAs of reovirus type 3: coding assignments and translational efficiencies.

Abstract The coding properties and the translational efficiencies of the four smallest or s-class reovirus type 3 single-stranded (ss) RNAs were examined. RNAs s1, s2, s3, and s4 were separated by acrylamide-agarose-urea gel electrophoresis, eluted from gel slices, and recovered by precipitation with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide; the purity of the individual s-class RNAs ranged from about 70% to greater than 90%. The s-class RNAs were then translated in a wheat cell-free protein-synthesizing system and the polypeptide products analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate -polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as well as by comparison of peptide profiles with authentic viral σ-class polypeptides synthesized in infected mouse L cells. The coding assignments deduced on the basis of electrophoresic mobility and peptide maps were as follows: ssRNA s1 encodes polypeptide σ1; s2 encodes σ2; s3 encodes σNS; and s4 encodes σ3 The relative translational efficiencies varied in the order s4 > s3 > s2 > s1 with s4 the most efficient and s1 the least efficient messenger RNA.
In-use evaluation of the omnicon automated tumor colony counter†

The reproducibility and accuracy of the Omnicon (Bausch and Lomb Inc., Rochester, NY) automated tumor colony counter for counting tumor colonies growing in double layer soft agar is evaluated and the reproducibility is compared with manual tumor colony counting. Replicate within day run-to-run colony counts of the Omnicon show a median correlation coefficient (r) of greater than 0.985, and day-to-day median r of greater than 0.980. In contrast, for manual colony counting, the best intra-observer reproducibility achieved is a r of 0.943 and the best inter-observer reproducibility is a r of 0.831. Analysis of results from individual culture plates counted by the Omnicon on 5 separate days shows a median coefficient of variation of 10% with 77% of the culture dishes showing coefficients of variation of colony counts over 5 days of less than 20%. Counting of culture plates during incubation shows that the Omnicon is counting tumor colonies developing after plating of a single cell suspension.
Kinetics of the isothermal spreading of tin on the air-passivated copper surface in the absence of a fluxing agent

Abstract A specially designed ultrahigh vacuum in situ surface analysis and wetting system has been constructed to study the spreading of liquid metal solders on carefully prepared and well-characterized solid substrates. Initial studies have been completed for the spreading of pure Sn solder on Cu substrates in the absence of any fluxing agent. Surface chemical analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed the as-received surface consisted of about 8 nm of Cu2O. Solder spreading was performed under 50 Torr of highly purified He gas to allow for adequate thermal coupling between the solder and the substrate. Isothermal spreading experiments were performed on the as-received Cu surface in the temperature range between 262 and 372°C. Measurable solder spreading was observed on this surface even at temperatures only 30°C above the melting temperature of the pure Sn solder (232°C). The results of the isothermal experiments show that solder spreading on the as-received Cu surface is an activated process with an activation energy of 39.9±3.1 kcal mol−1 in the range of 262 to 327°C, and a 1/3-order dependence on spreading time. Between 327°C and 330°C, a discontinuity in the Arrhenius plot is observed. At 330°C and above, the spreading process is non-activated and shows a 1/5-order dependence on spreading time. It is believed that this discontinuity in spreading rates is a direct result of vacuum-assisted decomposition of the surface Cu2O, with retention of a subsurface oxide. Similar experiments in an inert atmosphere glove box at atmospheric pressure do not show the spreading rate discontinuity, although overall spreading rates and kinetics are similar. The overall spreading process is believed to be facilitated through an oxide displacement reaction, where the spreading Sn reduces the surface Cu2O to Cu and captures the oxygen to form SnO2 as spreading proceeds. Metallurgical cross-section analysis after spreading on the as-received surface shows the expected formation of Cu–Sn intermetallic zones and a microstructure with no gaps at the Cu–Sn interface due to remaining patches of Cu oxide.
Design projects: librarians and faculty working together

The author outlines four case studies of civil engineering projects which utilize assistance from library staff to help faculty identify needed materials and instruct students in locating information. The design projects are semester-long courses in the civil engineering curriculum. Case studies included are the following projects: an Army heliport, a horse race track, a solid waste management plant, and a wastewater treatment plant. Two librarians have worked with the faculty and graduate teaching assistants on each project by completing computer searches, recommending purchase of materials, and presenting two lectures to students each semester. Some projects have needed special bibliographies while others have required obtaining materials from obscure sources. The author also discusses advantages and disadvantages of this instruction program and makes recommendations for other design projects in engineering and technology curricula. >
Monitoring Web service requirements

Businesses that rely on Web services are vulnerable to the problems of those Web services. Service contracts and warranties can provide some assurances. However, they provide traditional recourse, rather than timely alerts of impending problems. While electronic commerce has increased the speed of online transactions, the technology of monitoring online transactions has lagged behind. To address the problem of Web service monitoring, we integrated methods of requirements analysis and software execution monitoring. The resulting system assists analysts in the development of Web service requirements monitors. We presented here builds on prior research by: (1) building on a goal-based method for obstacle discovery, (2) illustrating the derivation of assigned monitors from obstacles, and (3) automatically deriving Web service monitors from high-level requirements descriptions. The framework, and tool, provides an important contribution by demonstrating how distributed concurrent Web service transactions can be monitored at the requirements level.
Technical reviews: Framing the best of the best practices

Frames, which are cognitive metaphors for structuring our experiences and understanding of the world, can be transferred to others to structure their experiences, and thus to influence their understanding of the world. Though the process of developing and transferring frames is usually applied to the political and marketing worlds, it also applies to any domain where we want to influence others. As applied to best practices for reviews of technical documentation, this process can be used to change attitudes about technical reviews to benefit reviewers, information developers, and ultimately customers who rely on technical documentation to learn about technologies and complete tasks with software products. This paper discusses framing in general and how it can be applied to several areas of the technical review process.
Multicritical Symmetry Breaking and Naturalness of Slow Nambu-Goldstone Bosons

We investigate spontaneous global symmetry breaking in the absence of Lorentz invariance and study technical naturalness of Nambu-Goldstone modes for which the dispersion relation exhibits a hierarchy of multicritical phenomena with Lifshitz scaling and dynamical exponents $zg1$. For example, we find Nambu-Goldstone modes with a technically natural quadratic dispersion relation which do not break time reversal symmetry and are associated with a single broken symmetry generator, not a pair. The mechanism is protected by an enhanced ``polynomial shift'' symmetry in the free-field limit.
Acute myeloid leukemia with t(10;11): a pathological entity with distinct clinical presentation.

t(10;11)(p12;q23) is a rare recurrent translocation involving the mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) gene trans- location, most commonly seen in pediatric and young adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML), associated with early morbidity including diffuse intravascular coagulation and tumor lysis syndrome with multiorgan system failure from leukocytosis. With supportive care, first remissions are frequently attained, but patients have a high risk of relapse, extramedullary disease, and poor long-term outcomes. Introduction: Acute myeloid leukemias with MLL rearrangements are frequently associated with myelomonocytic and monoblastic/monocytic morphology, with an increased risk of leukocytosis and leukostasis-related complications. Yet, little is known regarding the clinical presentation of adult AML patients with MLL translocations based on the specific translocation partner. Patients and Methods: Two recent AML cases with t(10;11)(p12;q23) translocations are detailed, with their shared presenting symptoms highlighted, followed by a review of the current literature. Results: The specific t(10;11)(p12;q23) MLL translocation is a rare recurrent translocation partner, most commonly seen in pediatric and young adult AML. A high incidence of early morbidity from leukocytosis-related complications are frequently seen, including diffuse intravascular coagulation and tumor lysis syndrome with multiorgan system failure, even without a true leukocytosis. Conclusion: With prompt therapy and intensive supportive care first remissions are frequently attained, however, patients have a high risk of relapse, extramedullary disease, and poor long-term outcomes.
Going Nuclear, Senate Style

Conflict within and beyond the United States Senate has refocused scholarly and public attention on “advice and consent,” the constitutional provision that governs the Senate's role in confirming presidential appointments. Despite intense and salient partisan and ideological disputes about the rules of the game that govern the Senate confirmation process for judicial appointees, reformers have had little success in limiting the ability of a minority to block contentious nominees. In this paper, we explore the Senate's brush with the so-called “nuclear option” that would eliminate filibusters of judicial nominees, and evaluate competing accounts of why the Senate appears to be so impervious to significant institutional reform. The past and present politics of the nuclear option, we conclude, have broad implications for how we construct theories of institutional change.Sarah A. Binder is Professor of Political Science at George Washington University and a Senior Fellow at The Brookings Institution (sbinder@brookings.edu). Anthony Madonna is a Ph.D. candidate at Washington University (ajmadonn@wustl.edu). Steven S. Smith is the Kate M. Gregg Professor of Social Sciences, Professor of Political Science, and Director of the Weidenbaum Center, Washington University (smith@wustl.edu). The authors thank Stanley Bach, Richard Baker, Greg Koger, Forrest Maltzman, Elizabeth Rybicki, Eric Schickler, and Greg Wawro for helpful comments and advice.
Turning ACS outside in: linking perivascular adipose tissue to acute coronary syndromes

acute coronary syndrome (ACS) typically occurs when an atherosclerotic plaque suddenly destabilizes in a patient with previously stable coronary artery disease (CAD) ([7][1]). Traditionally, the research emphasis in this area has focused on pathology occurring within the vessel lumen and the intima
A lag screw technique for fixation of cranioplasty implants

Abstract This report describes the use of lag screws for fixation of cranioplasty implants. The titanium screws do not interfere with current imaging techniques and allow for the quick removal and reapplication of the implant in the event of reoperation.
S-Adenosylmethionine and Methylthioadenosine Inhibit β-Catenin Signaling by Multiple Mechanisms in Liver and Colon Cancer

S-Adenosylmethionine (SAMe), the principal methyl donor that is available as a nutritional supplement, and its metabolite methylthioadenosine (MTA) exert chemopreventive properties against liver and colon cancer in experimental models. Both agents reduced β-catenin expression on immunohistochemistry in a murine colitis-associated colon cancer model. In this study, we examined the molecular mechanisms involved. SAMe or MTA treatment in the colitis-associated cancer model lowered total β-catenin protein levels by 47 and 78%, respectively. In an orthotopic liver cancer model, increasing SAMe levels by overexpressing methionine adenosyltransferase 1A also reduced total β-catenin levels by 68%. In both cases, lower cyclin D1 and c-Myc expression correlated with lower β-catenin levels. In liver (HepG2) and colon (SW480, HCT116) cancer cells with constitutively active β-catenin signaling, SAMe and MTA treatment inhibited β-catenin activity by excluding it from the nuclear compartment. However, in liver (Huh-7) and colon (RKO) cancer cells expressing wild-type Wnt/β-catenin, SAMe and MTA accelerated β-catenin degradation by a glycogen synthase kinase 3-β–dependent mechanism. Both agents lowered protein kinase B activity, but this was not mediated by inhibiting phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Instead, both agents increased the activity of protein phosphatase 2A, which inactivates protein kinase B. The effect of MTA on lowering β-catenin is direct and not mediated by its conversion to SAMe, as blocking this conversion had no influence. In conclusion, SAMe and MTA inhibit Wnt/β-catenin signaling in colon and liver cancer cells regardless of whether this pathway is aberrantly induced, making them ideal candidates for chemoprevention and/or chemotherapy in these cancers.
Support vector machine based speaker identification systems using GMM parameters

Speaker identification is the task of determining which speaker characteristics from the speakers known to the system best matches the unknown voice sample. SI requires multiple decision alternatives and to implement SI system using SVM techniques requires multi-class SVM classifier. In this paper, speaker model clustering is implemented on a SVM based SI system. Here, instead of clustering the speakers, we build a SVM classifier which separates a group of speakers. Thus each hyperplane built using SVMs separates a group of speakers and this procedure is repeated in each sub-group until there is only one speaker in each group. Experiments performed on NIST-2002 speech corpus show an improvement in accuracy compared to the conventional multi-class SVM techniques.