cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Limited attention: the constraint underlying search image

Recent models of predator search behavior integrate proximate neurobiological constraints with ultimate economic considerations. These models are based on two assumptions, which we have critically examined in experiments with blue jays searching for artificial prey images presented on a computer monitor. We found, first, that when jays had to switch between searching for two distinct prey types, they showed no reduction in detection rates compared to no-switching to no-switching conditions, and second, that when jays divided attention between searching for two prey types at the same time, they had lower detection rates than when they focused attention on one prey type at a time. Our results suggest that limited attention strongly affects predator search patterns and diet choice, including the ubiquitous tendency to form search images.
Moving beyond the current paradigm in marine population connectivity: are adults the missing link?

During the past century, the field of fisheries oceanography has dominated the study of population connectivity in marine environments. The influence of physical and biological processes and their relationship to transport and retention of early life history stages has been central in providing insight into population structuring and connectivity. However, the focus on dispersive early life history stages has meant that the role of adults has received less attention and is not fully understood or appreciated. We argue that adults play a vital role in population connectivity for a wide range of marine taxa and hypothesize that adult-mediated population connectivity commonly results in a diverse array of population structuring. Two case-studies on winter skate, Leucoraja ocellata, and winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus, are presented to illustrate the role adults play in marine connectivity at both broad and fine scales, respectively. Indeed, if adults are important for population connectivity, we argue that the role of larval processes is conditional on adult choice and only management and research pursuits that integrate the full life cycle of species will capture the full dynamics of metapopulation connectivity. Failure to include the roles of adults can lead to misinterpretation of the causes and consequences of changes in ecosystem structure and fisheries productivity.
A high-accuracy, low-cost localization system for wireless sensor networks

The problem of localization of wireless sensor nodes has long been regarded as very difficult to solve, when considering the realities of real world environments. In this paper, we formally describe, design, implement and evaluate a novel localization system, called Spotlight. Our system uses the spatio-temporal properties of well controlled events in the network (e.g., light), to obtain the locations of sensor nodes. We demonstrate that a high accuracy in localization can be achieved without the aid of expensive hardware on the sensor nodes, as required by other localization systems. We evaluate the performance of our system in deployments of Mica2 and XSM motes. Through performance evaluations of a real system deployed outdoors, we obtain a 20cm localization error. A sensor network, with any number of nodes, deployed in a 2500m2 area, can be localized in under 10 minutes, using a device that costs less than $1000. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a sub-meter localization error, obtained in an outdoor environment, without equipping the wireless sensor nodes with specialized ranging hardware.
Textured Sc-doped Barium Ferrite for Microwave Device Applications

Ba (Sc)-hexaferrite has great potential in industry as a material for self-biased nonreciprocal devices operating at microwave frequencies below 18GHz ((D.B. Nicholson), (G.F. Dionne and J.F. Fitzgerald, 1991),(A Gruskova, 1994), (M.A. Tsankov and L. G. Milenova, 1993), (Cham Kiong Queck and L.E. Davis, 2003)). Here, we synthesized pure Ba(Sc)-hexaferrite by using conventional ceramic method followed by ball milling and compacted with a dc magnetic field (~12 kOe) to orient the particles with C-axis parallel to the applied field. The structural and magnetic properties were measured by XRD, SEM,FMR and VSM respectively. The desired magnetic and high frequency properties were obtained by optimizing the milling speed, time and sintering temperatures.
In vitro chondrogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells with silk scaffolds

Human adipose-derived stem cells have shown chondrogenic differentiation potential in cartilage tissue engineering in combination with natural and synthetic biomaterials. In the present study, we hypothesized that porous aqueous-derived silk protein scaffolds would be suitable for chondrogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells. Human adipose-derived stem cells were cultured up to 6 weeks, and cell proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation were investigated and compared with those in conventional micromass culture. Cell proliferation, glycosaminoglycan, and collagen levels in aqueous-derived silk scaffolds were significantly higher than in micromass culture. Transcript levels of SOX9 and type II collagen were also upregulated in the cell–silk constructs at 6 weeks. Histological examination revealed that the pores of the silk scaffolds were filled with cells uniformly distributed. In addition, chondrocyte-specific lacunae formation was evident and distributed in the both groups. The results suggest the biodegradable and biocompatible three-dimensional aqueous-derived silk scaffolds provided an improved environment for chondrogenic differentiation compared to micromass culture.
The Effect of Task Characteristics On Hospitality Employees' Job Satisfaction and Burnout:

This study examined the roles of task characteristics as determinants of various facets of job satisfaction and burnout for employees in the hospitality industry. Several conclusions can be derived from this study. First, task characteristics were found to be relatively powerful determinants of satisfaction with co-workers and satisfaction with supervisors. The major determinants of these two aspects of satisfaction were: feedback received from supervisors and peers and the experienced meaningfulness of the job. These two task characteristics were directly linked to improving satisfaction with coworkers and supervisors and may offer hotel management some concrete suggestions as to how to improve some facets of job satisfaction. Second, task characteristics were also found to affect one type of employee burnout, namely: emotional exhaustion. Once again, the same task factors that were positively related to satisfaction with supervisor and co-workers namely: experienced meaningfulness of the job and feedbac...
Distributed Power Control Mechanisms for HSDPA Femtocells

Abstract —Femtocells are low-cost, miniature base-stations intended to improve indoor coverage in 3Gnetworks and beyond. One of the main issues in adopt-ing femtocells en masse is the surge in interferenceto the mobile users served by the macrocell arisingfrom unplanned networks and private access. Therefore,distributed power control mechanisms for femtocells areessential to shield the existing users of the macrocellas well as to enable scalable femtocell deployments.This paper studies several such power control schemesthat strike an effective balance between the throughputof the femto users and the degradation in macrocellperformance. I. I NTRODUCTION Recent years have witnessed price-wars amongvoice operators, and inspite of increasing number ofsubscribers, the average revenue per user (ARPU)for voice is declining [1]. Operators are starting tofocus on home services, through bundled offeringswith voice, television, data as the triple play , andmobile access adding a potential fourth dimension.But scarce spectrum has pushed 3G and 4G wirelesstechnologies to operate at 2 GHz and above. This, inturn, will lead to spotty coverage for indoor users assignals tend to fade out faster at higher frequencies.
LOCUST: An Online Analytical Processing Framework for High Dimensional Classification of Data Streams

In recent years, data streams have become ubiquitous because of advances in hardware and software technology. The ability to adapt conventional mining problems to data streams is a great challenge in a data stream environment. Many data streams are inherently high dimensional, which creates a special challenge for data mining algorithms. In this paper, we consider the problem of classification of high dimensional data streams. For the high dimensional case, even traditional classifiers do not work very well on fixed data sets. We discuss a number of insights for the intractability of the high dimensional case. We use these insights to propose a new classification method (LOCUST) which avoids many of these weaknesses. The key is to develop a subspace-based instance centered classification approach which can be implemented efficiently for a fast data stream. We propose a methodology to effectively process the data stream in an organized way, so that the intermediate data structures can be used to sample locally discriminative subspaces for the classification process. We show that LOCUST is able to work effectively in the high dimensional case, and is also flexible in terms of increased robustness with greater resource availability.
Flesh Flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) Associated with North American Pitcher Plants (Sarraceniaceae), with Descriptions of Three New Species

The sarcophagid flies that breed in North American pitcher plants of the genus Sarracenia are taxonomically revised and described. The species are as follows: Sarcophaga sarraceniae Riley, 1874; Fletcherimyia abdita Pape 1990; Fletcherimyia celarata (Aldrich, 1916); Fletcherimyia fletcheri (Aldrich, 1916); Fletcherimyia folkertsi Dahlem & Naczi sp. nov.; Fletcherimyia jonesi (Aldrich, 1916); Fletcherimyia oreophilae Dahlem & Naczi sp. nov.; Fletcherimyia papei Dahlem & Naczi sp. nov.; and Fletcherimyia rileyi (Aldrich, 1916). Life history information is provided, including host associations between the flies and pitcher plant species. Misidentifications and dubious identifications present in the literature are discussed. Literature reviews are provided for all species. Illustrations of the male and female genitalia should allow identification of all the included species. A key is provided to sort male specimens whose genitalia have not been spread.
Emotion in Fitness Tests

Abstract The paper presents a method of estimating the emotional factor in flarimeter tests on athletes, by analyzing an index of responses to standard stimulus
Taurine Regulates Mitochondrial Calcium Homeostasis

We have investigated the protective role of taurine in glutamate-mediated cell death and the involvement of mitochondria in this process. In cultured cerebellar granule cells, glutamate induces a rapid and sustained elevation in cytoplasmic free calcium ([Ca2+]i), causing the collapse of the mitochondrial electrochemical gradient (MtECG) and subsequent cell death. We found that pre-treatment with taurine, did not affect the level of calcium uptake with glutamate but rather reduced its duration; the calcium increase was transient and returned to basal levels about 10 min after adding glutamate. Furthermore, taurine reduced mitochondrial calcium concentration under non-depolarizing conditions. Treatment of cerebellar granule cells with taurine enhanced mitochondrial activity as measured by rhodamine uptake, both in the presence or absence of glutamate. We conclude that taurine prevents or reduces glutamate excitotoxicity through both the enhancement of mitochondrial function and the regulation of intracellular (cytoplasmic and mitochondrial) calcium homeostasis.
“Bind the Republic Together”: The National Union and the Struggle for a System of Internal Improvements

On February 4, 1817, South Carolina CongressmanJohn C. Calhoun rose to debate a bill pledging the "bonus" due the government from the new national bank to a fund for improving the nation's roads and canals. The idea was far from new: George Washington, Alexander Hamilton, Thomas Jefferson, Albert Gallatin, James Madison, and many other American founders had called for systematic internal improvements since before the creation of the Republic. At last, it seemed to Calhoun, the time was right to overcome all previous doubts and to step forward boldly with this great national objective. Hoping to disarm his detractors, he first observed that "it seemed the fate of some measures, to be praised, but not passed."' The comment was prophetic, for neither the Bonus Bill nor any other nationwide system of internal improvements passed into law in Calhoun's lifetime. Congress favored the bill in 1817, but the president condemned it as unconstitutional. Later Congresses failed to adopt a system or an amendment permitting one. Proposals for a system of internal improvements did not fail for want of merit. Scarcely any Americans doubted that internal improvements would strengthen and enrich their new country. Few denied that some works were too expensive or too risky for private or local authorities. Still, the general government never seized the initiative to direct and build an integrated network of roads and canals. Why? Historians have long attended to this question, and their answers have reflected shifting attitudes toward business and government, as well as changing historical perspectives. Once most economic historians were satisfied to quote laissez-faire doctrine as the reason and to congratulate the founders and their descendants for resisting the temptation to interfere. In the New Deal era scholars like Oscar Handlin and Mary Flug Handlin and Louis Hartz rediscovered government intervention in the economy at the state and local levels, but they preferred to chart the rise of liberalism, rather than explain the failure of federal control. By 1960 Carter
Getting “Not-at-Homes” to Interview Themselves

differences were not statistically significant (P > .10). The pattern of response for both amounts of elapsed time were similar. For both, Magazines/Newspapers had the least proportion of consistent answers and to approximately the same extent. Surprisingly, those with a 7-months to 9-months lapse had a slightly higher proportion of consistent answers than did those with a smaller lapse in time. The figures, though small, are consistent. One possible reason is that those who purchased the blankets at the beginning of the campaign might have been influenced to do so via an initial
Nonrelativistic effective field theory for axions

Axions can be described by a relativistic field theory with a real scalar field \ensuremath{\phi} whose self-interaction potential is a periodic function of $\ensuremath{\phi}$. Low-energy axions, such as those produced in the early Universe by the vacuum misalignment mechanism, can be described more simply by a nonrelativistic effective field theory with a complex scalar field $\ensuremath{\psi}$ whose effective potential is a function of ${\ensuremath{\psi}}^{*}\ensuremath{\psi}$. We determine the coefficients in the expansion of the effective potential to fifth order in ${\ensuremath{\psi}}^{*}\ensuremath{\psi}$ by matching low-energy axion scattering amplitudes. In order to describe a Bose-Einstein condensate of axions that is too dense to truncate the expansion of the effective potential in powers of ${\ensuremath{\psi}}^{*}\ensuremath{\psi}$, we develop a sequence of systematically improvable approximations to the effective potential that resum terms of all orders in ${\ensuremath{\psi}}^{*}\ensuremath{\psi}$.
MELALEUCA OIL POISONING IN A 17-MONTH-OLD

Ingestion of significant quantities of Melaleuca oil or Australian tea tree oil has been described only once in the medical literature. This report describes a 17-mo-old male who ingested less than 10 ml of the oil and developed ataxia and drowsiness. Emergency physicians, poison control personnel and pediatricians should be aware of potential toxicity from this product.
Gearing up moral education by means of psychological healthy education

The moral education of students is closely related to the psychological healthy education.Nowdays,the development of moral education which is combined with the psychological education has become the trend and demand of school education.And it also helps to gear up the moral education in schools to a new stage and make our moral education more efficient.For this purpose,writer has analysed the reasons why the development of the moral education should be closely combined with the psychological healthy education in this article,and it stresses on discussing the methods of developing the moral education by means of the psychological healthy education.
Interleukin-2 therapy enhances salicylate oxidation by blood granulocytes.

These studies determined the effect of interleukin-2 (IL-2) immunotherapy on the oxidative metabolism of the blood granulocytes of eight patients with metastatic renal cancer. We quantitated the rate of the hexose monophosphate shunt activity (HMPS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production, and salicylate oxidation of the unstimulated and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-stimulated granulocyte cultures before, during, and after a 5-day continuous infusion of IL-2. There was no change in the rate of HMPS activity. However, the rate of salicylate oxidation of the unstimulated and PMA-stimulated cultures of these patients was significantly increased after the therapy was complete. Overall, there was no increase in the rate of H2O2 production, although the PMA-stimulated cultures of three of eight patients had a twofold higher production of H2O2 after treatment compared with the pretreatment values. The enhanced rate of salicylate oxidation by the granulocytes after treatment indicates that these cells were “stimulated” in vivo to produce a potent oxidant, which is most likely hydroxyl radical or an oxidant of comparable activity. Further, the granulocytes were primed (“activated”), since they had an augmented response to PMA. IL-2 did not stimulate the oxidative metabolism of granulocyte cultures in vitro, suggesting that the IL-2 effect in vivo is not a direct one. Our results indicate that IL-2 immunotherapy is associated with the activation of blood granulocyte oxidative metabolism and that these activated granulocytes may be related to some of the toxic side effects of IL-2 therapy such as the capillary leak syndrome. Further oxidant injury to the granulocytes may explain the reported defect in chemotaxis.
Forest Nutrient Cycling: Rhizosphere and Symbiotic Microorganisms

The rhizosphere and symbiotic microorganisms have roles of very great importance in nutrient relations in forested ecosystems. Forests frequently flourish in regions of low, marginal, or poor soil nutrient status. In addition to nutrient conservation and tight control over nutrient cycling, trees have evolved critically significant rhizosphere processes and symbiotic relationships with soil fungi and bacteria that enhance nutrient supply and uptake. The interaction between air contaminants, the rhizosphere, symbiotic microbes, and their relationship with host trees is of critical importance. An adverse impact on the rhizosphere (Smith, 1987) and on mycorrhizae (Sootka, 1968) by air pollution has been hypothesized.
Preplant Sulfur Fertilization Rates and Irrigation Programs on Tomato Growth and Yield

A renewed interest in sulfur (S) deficiency has occurred because of reductions in atmospheric depositions of S caused by implementation of clean air regulations around the world. In vegetable production systems, other sources of S exist, such as soil S, fertilizers, and irrigation water. While soil testing and fertilizer labels impart information on quantity of S, it is unknown how much S within the irrigation water contributes to the total crop requirement. Two studies were conducted to determine the influence of elemental S fertilization rates and irrigation programs on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) growth and yield. Irrigation volumes were 3528, 5292, and 7056 gal/acre per day and preplant S rates were 0, 25, 50, 100, 150, and 200 lb/acre. Data showed that neither plant height, leaf greenness, soil pH nor total soil S content was consistently affected by preplant S rates. During both seasons, early marketable fruit weight increased sharply when plots were treated with at least 25 lb/acre of preplant S in comparison with the nontreated control. Early fruit weight of extralarge and all marketable grades increased by 1.5 and 1.7 tons/acre, respectively, with the application of 25 lb/acre of S. There were no early fruit weight differences, regardless of marketable fruit grade, among preplant S rates from 25 to 200 lb/acre. Based upon this result, adding preplant S to the fertilization programs in sandy soils improves tomato yield and fall within the current recommended application range of S (30 lb/acre) for vegetables in Florida. At the same time, irrigation volumes did not consistently influence soil S concentration, soil pH, leaf S concentrations or tomato yield, which suggested that irrigation water with levels of S similar to this location [58 mg L of sulfate (SO4) or 19 mg L of S] may not meet tomato S requirement during a short cropping seasons of 12 weeks, possibly because microbes need longer periods of time to oxidize the current S species in the water to the absorbed SO4 form.
Investigation of Navier-Stokes Code Verification and Design Optimization

With rapid progress made in employing computational techniques for various complex Navier-Stokes fluid flow problems, design optimization problems traditionally based on empirical formulations and experiments are now being addressed with the aid of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). To be able to carry out an effective CFD-based optimization study, it is essential that the uncertainty and appropriate confidence limits of the CFD solutions be quantified over the chosen design space. The present dissertation investigates the issues related to code verification, surrogate model-based optimization and sensitivity evaluation. For Navier-Stokes (NS) CFD code verification a least square extrapolation (LSE) method is assessed. This method projects numerically computed NS solutions from multiple, coarser base grids onto a freer grid and improves solution accuracy by minimizing the residual of the discretized NS equations over the projected grid. In this dissertation, the finite volume (FV) formulation is focused on. The interplay between the xi concepts and the outcome of LSE, and the effects of solution gradients and singularities, nonlinear physics, and coupling of flow variables on the effectiveness of LSE are investigated. A CFD-based design optimization of a single element liquid rocket injector is conducted with surrogate models developed using response surface methodology (RSM) based on CFD solutions. The computational model consists of the NS equations, finite rate chemistry, and the k-6 turbulence closure. With the aid of these surrogate models, sensitivity and trade-off analyses are carried out for the injector design whose geometry (hydrogen flow angle, hydrogen and oxygen flow areas and oxygen post tip thickness) is optimized to attain desirable goals in performance (combustion length) and life/survivability (the maximum temperatures on the oxidizer post tip and injector face and a combustion chamber wall temperature). A preliminary multi-objective optimization study is carried out using a geometric mean approach. Following this, sensitivity analyses with the aid of variance-based non-parametric approach and partial correlation coefficients are conducted using data available from surrogate models of the objectives and the multi-objective optima to identify the contribution of the design variables to the objective variability and to analyze the variability of the design variables and the objectives. In summary the present dissertation offers insight into an improved coarse to fine grid extrapolation technique for Navier-Stokes computations and also suggests tools for a designer to conduct design optimization study and related sensitivity analyses for a given design problem.
Current State of Antimicrobial Stewardship in Children's Hospital Emergency Departments

BACKGROUND Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) effectively optimize antibiotic use for inpatients; however, the extent of emergency department (ED) involvement in ASPs has not been described. OBJECTIVE To determine current ED involvement in children's hospital ASPs and to assess beliefs and preferred methods of implementation for ED-based ASPs. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of 37 children's hospitals participating in the Sharing Antimicrobial Resistance Practices collaboration was conducted. Surveys were distributed to ASP leaders and ED medical directors at each institution. Items assessed included beliefs regarding ED antibiotic prescribing, ED prescribing resources, ASP methods used in the ED such as clinical decision support and clinical care guidelines, ED participation in ASP activities, and preferred methods for ED-based ASP implementation. RESULTS A total of 36 ASP leaders (97.3%) and 32 ED directors (86.5%) responded; the overall response rate was 91.9%. Most ASP leaders (97.8%) and ED directors (93.7%) agreed that creation of ED-based ASPs was necessary. ED resources for antibiotic prescribing were obtained via the Internet or electronic health records (EHRs) for 29 hospitals (81.3%). The main ASP activities for the ED included production of antibiograms (77.8%) and creation of clinical care guidelines for pneumonia (83.3%). The ED was represented on 3 hospital ASP committees (8.3%). No hospital ASPs actively monitored outpatient ED prescribing. Most ASP leaders (77.8%) and ED directors (81.3%) preferred implementation of ED-based ASPs using clinical decision support integrated into the EHR. CONCLUSIONS Although ED involvement in ASPs is limited, both ASP and ED leaders believe that ED-based ASPs are necessary. Many children's hospitals have the capability to implement ED-based ASPs via the preferred method: EHR clinical decision support. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:469-475.
Energy stable discontinuous Galerkin methods for Maxwell's equations in nonlinear optical media

Abstract The propagation of electromagnetic waves in general media is modeled by the time-dependent Maxwell's partial differential equations (PDEs), coupled with constitutive laws that describe the response of the media. In this work, we focus on nonlinear optical media whose response is modeled by a system of first order nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs), which include a single resonance linear Lorentz dispersion, and the nonlinearity comes from the instantaneous electronic Kerr response and the residual Raman molecular vibrational response. To design efficient, accurate, and stable computational methods, we apply high order discontinuous Galerkin discretizations in space to the hybrid PDE-ODE Maxwell system with several choices of numerical fluxes, and the resulting semi-discrete methods are shown to be energy stable. Under some restrictions on the strength of the nonlinearity, error estimates are also established. When we turn to fully discrete methods, the challenge to achieve provable stability lies in the temporal discretizations of the nonlinear terms. To overcome this, novel strategies are proposed to treat the nonlinearity in our model within the framework of the second-order leap-frog and implicit trapezoidal time integrators. The performance of the overall algorithms are demonstrated through numerical simulations of kink and antikink waves, and third-harmonic generation in soliton propagation.
Jaw setting and the California Vowel Shift in parodic performance

This article explores the intertwining semiotics of language and embodiment in performances of Californian personae. We analyze two actors’ performances of Californian characters in parodic skits, comparing them to the same actors’ performances of non-Californian characters. In portraying their Californian characters, the actors use particularized jaw settings, which we link to embodied stereotypes from earlier portrayals of the Valley Girl and Surfer Dude personae. Acoustic analysis demonstrates that both actors also produce features of the California Vowel Shift in their Californian performances, aligning their linguistic productions with sound changes documented in California. We argue that these embodied stereotypes and phonetic realizations not only co-occur in parodic styles, but are in fact semiotically and corporeally intertwined, one occasioning the other. Moreover, the performances participate in the broader process of enregisterment, packaging these semiotic resources with other linguistic and extralinguistic features to recontextualize Californian personae in the present day. (Parody, performance, California, California Vowel Shift, embodiment, embodied stereotype, enregisterment)*
Endobronchial Metastasis from Extrapulmonary Neoplasms: Analysis of Clinicopathologic Features and Cytological Evaluation by Bronchial Brushing

Bronchial brushings (BB) commonly aid in the diagnosis of primary lung cancer. However, the utility of this method in diagnosing endobronchial metastases (EBM) from extrapulmonic malignancies has not been thoroughly evaluated. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the sensitivity of BB in diagnosing EBM. An institutional database was queried for all patients with cytologically or histologically confirmed extrapulmonary EBM identified by endobronchial biopsy between 1978 and 2013. Data were collected on patient demographics, histologic and cytologic diagnoses, time from primary malignancy to identification of EBM, and location of EBM. The sensitivity of BB for the diagnosis of EBM and the clinicopathologic features of extrapulmonary EBM were assessed. Fifty-six patients (33 females, 23 males; mean age 53 years) were identified with EBM. Diagnoses included lymphoma (21), breast adenocarcinoma (11), colonic adenocarcinoma (7), melanoma (6), renal cell carcinoma (RCC, 5), embryonal carcinoma (2), and 1 case each of tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma, thymic carcinoma, leiomyosarcoma, and sarcoma, not otherwise specified. The sensitivity of BB for identifying EBM was 85% overall and 94% for non-hematologic malignancies. The mean interval between primary diagnosis and EBM was 59 months (range 0–264 months). Excluding ten patients who had EBM at their initial presentation, lymphoma had the shortest (10 months) and RCC had the longest (264 months) mean interval between primary diagnosis and EBM. The mean time between EBM identification and death was 22.4 months (n = 24). Bronchial brushing is a sensitive technique for diagnosing non-hematologic extrapulmonic endobronchial metastases.
Simone de Beauvoir's Apprenticeship of Freedom

In The Ethics of Ambiguity, Simone de Beauvoir makes reference to an “apprenticeship of freedom,” but she does not directly address why freedom requires an apprenticeship or what such an apprenticeship entails. Working from Beauvoir’s discussion of freedom in The Ethics of Ambiguity and her discussion of apprenticeships in The Second Sex, I explicate the idea of an apprenticeship of freedom, establishing why an apprenticeship is a necessary condition of freedom and describing how such an apprenticeship is administered. In doing so, I draw together two strands of thought within recent research on Beauvoir—first, that Beauvoir conceives of freedom as embodied and, second, that she conceives of freedom as interpersonal—to consider how adults’ interactions with a child either support or impede the realization of this child’s freedom.
The Unfolding of the Elenchus-Dialectic as “Educative” Event: Instantiating an Ethical Disposition Through Socratic Dialogue

In this final chapter, after elucidating what Socratic learning is in terms of finite human transcendence and the addressing notion of the “Socratic Method,” the analyses from the previous chapters merge to provide a detailed vision of what a philosophical education entails as the practice of care for the soul, focused on the transformation and development of the ethical disposition (hexis). I frame the elenchus-dialectic as it moves toward the moment of epagoge, or the soul’s turning back to itself enlightened—i.e., the “educative event” occurring in Socratic philosophy—in terms of a process that is both “painful” and “dangerous,” which makes it highly difficult for the participants to faithfully hold themselves within the continued interrogation that is required by Socrates, as it calls for those involved to continually put even the most well-argued positions and deeply held beliefs to skeptical elenchus testing.
Governing the liberal self in a ‘post-truth’ era: science, class and the debate over GMOs

ABSTRACTThis essay examines four case studies in which prominent commentators in media sites that target the liberal-leaning, educated class – The Daily Show, Slate magazine, the New York Times, and Real Time with Bill Maher – announced that they had changed their minds on the issue of genetically modified foods (GMOs). Though each had previously been sceptical of the technology, they now embraced it in the name of science and humanitarianism, and urged audiences to do the same. These cases were flashpoints in a broader shift in which the liberal, educated middle class – a formation historically critical of GMOs–has increasingly denounced scepticism about biotechnology as a pernicious ‘anti-science’ conservatism. This liberal pro-GMO discourse posits itself as a matter of truth versus lies. We argue, however, that the manner in which it framed GMO opposition as irrational and immoral threatened attachments that have long been central to liberal, educated middle class selfhood and capital – attachments to ...
Performance-oriented Optimizations for OpenCL Streaming Kernels on the FPGA

When Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) can implement streaming applications efficiently and high-level synthesis (HLS) tools allow people, who have little hardware design knowledge, to evaluate an application on FPGAs, there is a need to understand where OpenCL and FPGA can play in the streaming domains. To this end, we explore the implementation space and discuss the techniques of optimizing the performance of the streaming kernels using the Intel OpenCL SDK for FPGA. On the Nallatech 385A FPGA platform that features an Arria 10 GX1150 FPGA, the experimental results show that FPGA resources, such as block RAMs and DSPs, can limit the performance of a kernel before the constraint of memory bandwidth takes effect. Kernel vectorization and compute unit duplication are practical optimization techniques that can improve the kernel performance by a factor of 2.8 to 10. The combination of the two techniques can improve the performance by a factor of 3.3 to 16, achieving the highest performance. To improve the performance of streaming kernels with compute unit duplication, the local work size needs to be tuned. The optimal value can increase the performance of a duplicated kernel without tuning by a factor of 3 to 70.
"Trying to Figure Out If You're Doing Things Right, and Where to Get the Info": Parents Recall Information and Support Needed During the First 6 weeks Postpartum.

Objectives The first 6 weeks postpartum represent a time of significant adjustment and learning for parents. Healthcare providers accurately understanding parents’ needs and preferences regarding support, education, and services during this critical time is essential for optimizing maternal and infant health. The first objective of this study was to explore parents’ experiences adjusting to the parenting role during the first 6 weeks postpartum. The second objective was to elicit from parents where and how they sought support and information during the early postpartum period, and what hindered this process. Methods Five focus groups were conducted with 33 mothers and fathers of young children, stratified by ethnicity, education, and income. An interdisciplinary team thematically coded verbatim transcripts and identified emergent themes. Results Main themes included low confidence in parenting and sifting through parenting information. Additional themes included communicating with partner about changing roles, breastfeeding, maternal mental health, and maternal postpartum recovery. Low parenting confidence was closely linked with information seeking, yet participants expressed being overwhelmed by the task of managing conflicting parenting information. Women reported that providers focused on infant needs, leaving them feeling unprepared for their own mental and physical health needs. Conclusions for Practice Parents report extensive needs for education and support in the early postpartum period, yet also report feeling overwhelmed by the quantity of parenting information available. These findings suggest parents need and desire reliable healthcare education after discharge that includes parent health and adjustment.
A Duality Principle

A function F: ℝ n → ℝ is said to be convex if, for any u, v ∈ ℝ n and λ ∈ [0, 1], one has $$ F\left( {\left( {1 - \lambda } \right)u + \lambda v} \right) \leqslant \left( {1 - \lambda } \right)F\left( u \right) + \lambda F\left( v \right). $$
Deposition and Dissolution Kinetics as a Function of the Initial Substrate

The study of the variation of the velocities of exchange of metal atoms with the solution and that of their diffusion to growth sites for metal deposition is analogous to that of catalyses in other types of reactions. The stage of development is early; however, several interesting matters already emerge.
Acute Kidney Injury Defined by Fluid Corrected Creatinine in Neonates After the Norwood Procedure.

Background:Both the Norwood procedure and acute kidney injury (AKI) are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The impact of AKI by measured and fluid corrected serum creatinine on ou...
The efficacy of extracorporeal photopheresis to arrest bronchiolitis obliterans in lung allograft recipients was compared between two automated photopheresis instruments.

Background The most common instruments used for extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) treatment in the United States are the UVAR XTS and the CELLEX devices (Therakos, West Chester, PA). When compared to the UVAR XTS instrument, the efficacy of the CELLEX instrument to arrest the decline in lung function in patients with chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) related to bronchiolitis obliterans (BOS) has not been previously evaluated. Methods The relative efficacy of the CELLEX vs UVAR XTS ECP instruments was assessed by comparing the difference in rates of FEV1 decline before and after ECP treatment and survival in two series of lung allograft recipients with BOS who had been treated with these instruments. Results Similar Slope Difference values for change in rate of decline (6 months Post ECP - Pre ECP) were observed between the two cohorts (UVAR XTS: 85 ± 109 mL/month vs CELLEX: 76 ± 128 mL/month, p=0.72). A similar percentage of patients responded to ECP (UVAR XTS: 77% vs CELLEX: 89%; p=0.36) i.e., as defined as a positive difference in slope between the rate of decline of FEV1 before and 6 months after ECP. Survival at either 6 (p=0.89) or 12 (p=0.8) months after the start of ECP was not associated with instrument used despite a trend in higher early mortality (34% vs 17%, p=0.054) in the patients who were predominately treated with the CELLEX. Conclusions Our data support the use of the CELLEX for prospective studies designed to evaluate the merits of ECP in this population.
Pulmonary Hemorrhage Following Percutaneous Computed Tomography-Guided Lung Biopsy: Retrospective Review of Risk Factors, Including Aspirin Usage.

Abstract Background To evaluate the significance of aspirin, as well as, other potential confounding risk factors, on the incidence and volume of pulmonary hemorrhage in patients undergoing percutaneous computed tomography-guided lung biopsy. Methods This retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board. Between September 2013 and December 2014, 252 patients taking aspirin underwent transthoracic computed tomography-guided lung biopsy. Patient, technical, and lesion-related risk factors were evaluated. Univariate analysis was performed with a Student's t test, chi-square test, or Fisher's exact test, as appropriate followed by multivariate logistic regression. Results Of 252 patients, 49 (19.4%) continued or stopped aspirin ≤4 days prior to biopsy and 203 (80.6%) patients stopped aspirin ≥5 days prior to biopsy. Pulmonary hemorrhage occurred in 174 cases (69.0%). The median volume of hemorrhage was 3.74 cm3 (range, 0-163.5 cm3). Multivariate analysis revealed that lesion size (P Conclusion Aspirin taken concurrently or stopped within 4 days of transthoracic lung biopsy is not an independent risk factor for pulmonary hemorrhage. The incidence of hemorrhage following lung biopsy is associated with lesion size and depth, while the severity of hemorrhage is associated with lesion size, depth, as well as traversal of intraparenchymal vessels.
A Naturalistic Study of Child and Family Screen Media and Mobile Device Use

Parental mediation of screen media (e.g., television, video games) is associated with better outcomes for children. Although much research has examined parental mediation of television (TV), there is a dearth of research examining communication about mobile media (e.g., Smartphones, tablets) in the digital age. This study seeks to identify themes of family communication around media and mobile devices using naturalistic observational methodology. The sample consisted of 21 toddlers (ages 12–24-months old), 31 preschool-age children (3–5 years old), and 23 school-age (10–13 years old) children and their families. Children wore Language ENvironment Analysis (LENA) audio recording devices, which recorded vocalizations and other sounds proximal to the child wearing the device in the home environment, as well as audible screen media use. ATLAS.ti was used to transcribe dialogue from the audio recordings that pertained to screen media. Experts from the fields of communication, clinical child psychology, and developmental-behavioral pediatrics independently analyzed the transcripts to identify common themes. Five main themes emerged. First, parental mediation of screen media was primarily restrictive, reactive, and focused on technology functionality. Second, active mediation was child-driven. Third, siblings played a more dominant role in mediation than parents. Fourth, parents and children negotiated screen time limits. Finally, parallel family media use was common. Multiple family members engaged with their own mobile devices while simultaneously being exposed to background screen media (i.e., media multitasking). Assessing media use in the naturalistic home environment elucidated current patterns of family media use and communication about media in the digital age.
Natural history, clinical course and predictors of interval time from initial diagnosis to development of subsequent NSCLC brain metastases.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) brain metastases are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. During recent years, accompanying dramatic improvements in systemic disease control, NSCLC brain metastases have emerged as an increasingly relevant clinical problem. However, optimal surveillance practices remain poorly defined. This purpose of this study was to further characterize the natural history, clinical course and risk factors associated with earlier development of subsequent NSCLC brain metastases to better inform clinical practice and help guide survivorship care. We retrospectively reviewed all institutional NSCLC brain metastasis cases treated with radiotherapy between 1997 and 2015. Exclusion criteria included presence of brain metastases at initial NSCLC diagnosis and incomplete staging information. Interval time to brain metastases and subsequent survival were characterized using Kaplan–Meier and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Among 105 patients within this cohort, median interval time to development of brain metastases was 16 months. Median interval times were 29, 19, 16 and 13 months for Stage I–IV patients, respectively (P = 0.016). Additional independent predictors for earlier development of NSCLC brain metastases included non-adenocarcinomatous histopathology (HR 3.036, P < 0.001), no prior surgical resection (HR 1.609, P = 0.036) and no prior systemic therapy (HR 3.560, P = 0.004). Median survival following intracranial progression was 16 months. Delayed development of brain metastases was associated with better prognosis (HR 0.970, P < 0.001) but not survival following intracranial disease onset. Collectively, our results provide valuable insights into the natural history of NSCLC brain metastases. NSCLC stage, histology, prior surgical resection and prior systemic therapy emerged as independent predictors for interval time to brain metastases.
Abstract 1569: Racial differences in incidence and impact of TP53 deletion on outcome in African American and Caucasian veterans with multiple myeloma

BACKGROUND: In multiple myeloma (MM), the presence of TP53 deletion is associated with poor prognosis. It is found in roughly 10% of newly diagnosed patients. Lower incidence of TP53 deletion is reported in African American (AA) compared to Caucasian (CA), suggesting a possible contribution of disease biology to clinical disparity in AA. Our recent report of a significantly superior age-adjusted risk of death in AA compared to CA patients in the Veteran population also suggests possible racial differences in disease biology. Here we investigated the incidence of TP53 deletion among younger ( METHODS: We identified 15717 patients with MM from 1999 to 2017 using the VA’s nationwide Corporate Data Warehouse. We extracted data on patients’ age, race, and ISS stage, as well as data on their therapy at induction and stem-cell transplant (SCT). Additionally, we extracted data on TP53 deletion testing and results using a natural language processing algorithm and focused our analysis on patients with these data. RESULTS: We identified 5,744 MM patients evaluated for TP53 deletion by conventional cytogenetics and/or FISH, including 32.5% AA (1,864) and 67.5% CA (3,880) patients. Greater proportion of AA patients (53%) were younger ( CONCLUSIONS: This large cohort study identified significantly lower incidence of TP53 deletion in AA compared to CA. Yet, when present in younger AA patients, TP53 deletion correlated with worse survival. These results identify racial disparity in both occurrence and impact of TP53 deletion and now suggests the need for a more comprehensive genetic assessment to develop risk stratification in AA myeloma patients. Citation Format: Diana Cirstea, Nathanael Fillmore, Hassan Yameen, Sarvari Yellapragada, Chizoba Ifeorah, Nhan Do, Mary Brophy, Nikhil Munshi. Racial differences in incidence and impact of TP53 deletion on outcome in African American and Caucasian veterans with multiple myeloma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1569.