cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fast Reinforcement Learning for Energy-Efficient Wireless Communication

We consider the problem of energy-efficient point-to-point transmission of delay-sensitive data (e.g., multimedia data) over a fading channel. We propose a rigorous and unified framework for simultaneously utilizing both physical-layer and system-level techniques to minimize energy consumption, under delay constraints, in the presence of stochastic and unknown traffic and channel conditions. We formulate the problem as a Markov decision process and solve it online using reinforcement learning. The advantages of the proposed online method are that i) it does not require a priori knowledge of the traffic arrival and channel statistics to determine the jointly optimal physical-layer and system-level power management strategies; ii) it exploits partial information about the system so that less information needs to be learned than when using conventional reinforcement learning algorithms; and iii) it obviates the need for action exploration, which severely limits the adaptation speed and run-time performance of conventional reinforcement learning algorithms.
Cataclysmic variables as binary stars: Then and now

A brief history is given of the clues that led to the establishment, in the period c. 1950 to 1965, of a universal binary model for novae and related cataclysmic variables. The observational facts, established early in this period by A. H. Joy and R. F. Sanford (selected binary orbits), J. L. Greenstein (spectroscopy) and M. Walker (photometry) are reviewed, as are the theoretical ideas that formed the basis for the early models, viz., those of G. Kuiper (restricted 3-body problem), A. Sandage and M. Schwarzschild (stellar evolution), J. Crawford (“dog-eat-dog” hypothesis), F. Hoyle and H. Bondi (accretion), S.-S. Huang (angular momentum losses), and S. Chandrasekhar (gravitational radiation). Some comparisons are made between “what we knew then and what we know now.” With apologies to all, the speaker will recall some anecdotes of an earlier time and comment on developments of the past score of years from a very personal perspective.
Chromosome Breaks and Sister Chromatid Exchange as Predictors of Second Cancers in Hodgkin's Disease

Hodgkin's disease (HD) survivors face an increased risk of developing second cancers. We evaluated baseline cytogenetic biomarkers, sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and chromosome breaks [spontaneous (SCB) and bleomycin-induced (BIB)], as predictors of second cancer risk in a cohort of 105 adult HD patients. During follow-up, seven second cancers occurred. SCBs and BIBs showed no association with risk of second primaries. Multivariate Cox regression revealed that high levels of SCEs (relative risk (RR) = 11.3, p = 0.02) and age (RR = 1.08, p = 0.02) predicted second cancer risk. Histology, stage, and treatment were not associated with elevated risk. In conclusion, baseline SCE frequencies may be a useful biomarker for identifying HD patients at increased risk of developing second cancers. These results need to be verified in a larger cohort with a longer follow-up time.
Nanowire Photonic Circuit Elements

We report an approach for guiding and manipulating light on sub-wavelength scales using active nanowire waveguides and devices. Quantitative studies of cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanowire structures show that light propagation takes place with only moderate losses through sharp and even acute angle bends. In addition, measurements demonstrate that efficient injection into and modulation of light through nanowire waveguides are achievable in active devices. The ability to inject, guide, and manipulate light on a sub-wavelength scale using nanowire components that can be assembled into integrated structures represents a promising pathway towards integrated nanoscale photonic systems.
Synthesis and characterization of [vinylidene-3H] (−)-α-kainic acid at high specific activity

[Vinylidene-3H] (−)-α-Kainic acid was prepared by means of a Wittig reaction with a protected ketone precursor and has proved useful as a tool to study neuroexcitatory amino acid receptors. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of regional feedbacks on circulation sensitivity

Weakening of the tropical overturning circulation in a warmer world is a robust feature in climate models. Here an idealized representation of ocean heat flux drives a Walker cell in an aquaplanet simulation. A goal of the study is to assess the influence of the Walker circulation on the magnitude and structure of climate feedbacks, as well as to global sensitivity. We compare two CO 2 perturbation experiments, one with and one without a Walker circulation, to isolate the differences attributable to tropical circulation and associated zonal asymmetries. For an imposed Walker circulation, the subtropical shortwave cloud feedback is reduced, which manifests as a weaker tropical-subtropical anomalous energy gradient and consequently a weaker slow down of the Hadley circulation, relative to the case without a Walker circulation. By focusing on the coupled feedback circulation system, these results offer insights into understanding changes in atmospheric circulation and hence the hydrological cycle under global warming.
Sex Differences in Memory for Sexually-Relevant Information

The present study was conducted in an attempt to examine potential differences between men and women in memory for sexually relevant information. A total of 77 undergraduate students (31 men, 46 women) read a sexual story and completed memory tasks in response to the story. Based on previous research, we hypothesized that differences would exist between men and women for different types of sexual information and we hoped to understand whether specific variables (sexual experiences, sexual functioning, and reactions to the sexual story) could explain such differences. Men were more likely to remember erotic or explicit details of the story, whereas women were more likely to remember love and emotional bonding details of the story. Additionally, women were more likely to recall information referencing the characters in the story. Results from regression analyses indicated that sexual desire and satisfaction were related to differences in recall and recognition of the love and emotional bonding aspects of the story, and that frequency of sexual intercourse was related to differences in the recall of erotic or explicit details of the story. The significant results obtained in this study correspond to previously established sex differences in memory for sexual information.
Holographic pixel super-resolution in portable lensless on-chip microscopy using a fiber-optic array.

We report a portable lensless on-chip microscope that can achieve <1 µm resolution over a wide field-of-view of ∼24 mm2 without the use of any mechanical scanning. This compact on-chip microscope weighs ∼95 g and is based on partially coherent digital in-line holography. Multiple fiber-optic waveguides are butt-coupled to light emitting diodes, which are controlled by a low-cost micro-controller to sequentially illuminate the sample. The resulting lensfree holograms are then captured by a digital sensor-array and are rapidly processed using a pixel super-resolution algorithm to generate much higher resolution holographic images (both phase and amplitude) of the objects. This wide-field and high-resolution on-chip microscope, being compact and light-weight, would be important for global health problems such as diagnosis of infectious diseases in remote locations. Toward this end, we validate the performance of this field-portable microscope by imaging human malaria parasites (Plasmodium falciparum) in thin blood smears. Our results constitute the first-time that a lensfree on-chip microscope has successfully imaged malaria parasites.
Distribution and transport of bay anchovy (Anchoa mitchilli) eggs and larvae in Chesapeake Bay

Mechanisms and processes that influence small-scale depth distribution and dispersal of bay anchovy (Anchoa mitchilli) early-life stages are linked to physical and biological conditions and to larval developmental stage. A combination of fixed-station sampling, an axial abundance survey, and environmental monitoring data was used to determine how wind, currents, time of day, physics, developmental stage, and prey and predator abundances interacted to affect the distribution and potential transport of eggs and larvae. Wind-forced circulation patterns altered the depth-specific physical conditions at a fixed station and significantly influenced organism distributions and potential transport. The pycnocline was an important physical feature that structured the depth distribution of the planktonic community: most bay anchovy early-life stages (77%), ctenophores (72%), copepod nauplii (O76%), and Acartia tonsa copepodites (69%) occurred above it. In contrast, 90% of sciaenid eggs, tentatively weakfish (Cynoscion regalis), were found below the pycnocline in waters where dissolved oxygen concentrations were !2.0 mg l � 1 . The dayenight cycle also influenced organism abundances and distributions. Observed diel periodicity in concentrations of bay anchovy and sciaenid eggs, and of bay anchovy larvae O6 mm, probably were consequences of nighttime spawning (eggs) and net evasion during the day (larvae). Diel periodicity in bay anchovy swimbladder inflation also was observed, indicating that larvae apparently migrate to surface waters at dusk to fill their swimbladders. Overall results suggest that wind-forced circulation patterns, below-pycnocline dissolved oxygen conditions, and diel changes in vertical distribution of larvae and their copepod prey have important implications for potential transport of bay anchovy early-life stages. � 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Learning the student role four decades later: A sociological analysis of 21st century kindergarten as academic boot camp

ABSTRACTThis study examines if the “kindergarten as academic boot camp” analogy proposed by Harry Grace (1972) is accurate today. Is kindergarten analogous to boot camp, or, because kindergarten is a domain generally designed, structured, and carried out by women, does the military boot camp analogy marginalize the important gender dimension? Using a feminist perspective inspired by Standpoint theory, pedagogical texts for kindergarten programs in Texas were analyzed to determine the most important goals and objectives for those who complete the program. Published online summaries of military boot camp were also qualitatively analyzed to compare and contrast the goals and socialization that take place in the kindergarten classroom with those in a basic training setting. Findings indicated that although there is much of the rigidity of structure, organization, and routine required of boot camp, the female-dominated environment of kindergarten is not analogous to military basic training.
Correlation of Equilibrium Moisture Data

These equilibrium moisture regain studies were initiated in an attempt to extend the data on equilibrium moisture in textile fibers as determined by Wiegerink and others. In the course of the correlation, it became evident that further material of value to the general problem of drying and concentration could be extracted from these and related data by calculations dealing with water solutions and silica gel. The combined information is now presented without an attempt to include the extrapolations and corrections for all of the textile data.The data are correlated by the use of Othmer charts. The constant regain lines on these charts are extended statistically to a common point of intersection charac teristic of any one fiber in any one process of sorption or desorption. The location of this common point is interpreted in light of the restriction of the water molecule on the fiber and the relative swelling property of the material. Regions of moisture regain are found which give conclusive evidence of pu...
Phylogenetics of the Chamaesyce clade (Euphorbia, Euphorbiaceae): Reticulate evolution and long-distance dispersal in a prominent C4 lineage

UNLABELLED: • PREMISE OF THE STUDY: The Chamaesyce clade of Euphorbia is the largest lineage of C(4) plants among the eudicots, with 350 species including both narrow endemics and cosmopolitan weeds. We sampled this group worldwide to address questions about subclade relationships, the origin of C(4) photosynthesis, the evolution of weeds, and the role of hybridization and long-distance dispersal in the diversification of the group. • METHODS: Two nuclear (ITS and exon 9 of EMB2765) and three chloroplast markers (matK, rpl16, and trnL-F) were sequenced for 138 ingroup and six outgroup species. Exon 9 of EMB2765 was cloned in accessions with >1% superimposed peaks. • KEY RESULTS: The Chamaesyce clade is monophyletic and consists of three major subclades [1(2,3)]: (1) the Acuta clade, containing three North American species with C(3) photosynthesis and C(3)-C(4) intermediates; (2) the Peplis clade, mostly North American and entirely C(4); and (3) the Hypericifolia clade, all C(4), with both New World and Old World groups. Incongruence between chloroplast and ITS phylogenies and divergent cloned copies of EMB2765 exon 9 suggest extensive hybridization, especially in the Hawaiian Islands radiation. • CONCLUSIONS: The Chamaesyce clade originated in warm, arid areas of North America, where it evolved C(4) photosynthesis. From there, it diversified globally with extensive reticulate evolution and frequent long-distance dispersals. Although many species are weedy, there are numerous local adaptations to specific substrates and regional or island radiations, which have contributed to the great diversity of this group.
Use of the D-dimer assay for diagnosing thromboembolic disease in the dog

Although the exact incidence of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) in small animals is unknown, it is thought that PTE is a substantial, under-diagnosed complication. The difficulty in diagnosing PTE in small animals is confounded by its subtle symptomatic presentation and a lack of clinical suspicion, coexisting disease states, and lack of noninvasive tests that are sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of PTE. Although numerous laboratory markers of coagulation have been studied, only the D-dimer assay has shown clinical utility in detecting early embolism in humans. This paper examines the use of D-dimer assays and other clinical modalities in the diagnostic approach to thromboembolic disease in small animals.
Emergence and persistence of seed of velvetleaf, common waterhemp, woolly cupgrass, and giant foxtail

Abstract Annual emergence and seed persistence of common waterhemp, velvetleaf, woolly cupgrass, and giant foxtail were characterized in central Iowa for 4 yr following burial of seeds collected and buried in autumn 1994. First-year emergence as a percentage of the original seed bank ranged from 5 to 40%, and the relative order was common waterhemp < velvetleaf < giant foxtail < woolly cupgrass. During the second and third years, there were no differences in percent emergence among species, with emergence percentages ranging from 1 to 9% of the original seed bank. During the fourth year, seedlings continued to emerge from only the velvetleaf and common waterhemp seed banks. A greater percentage of common waterhemp seed persisted each year and 12% of the original seed was recovered after 4 yr of burial. Five percent of the velvetleaf was recovered at the end of the fourth year. No woolly cupgrass and giant foxtail seed was recovered after the third and fourth years. The proportion of the seed that was acco...
The physics of heavy Z' gauge bosons

The $\mathrm{U}{(1)}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ symmetry associated with a possible heavy ${Z}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ would have profound implications for particle physics and cosmology. The motivations for such particles in various extensions of the standard model, possible ranges for their masses and couplings, and classes of anomaly-free models are discussed. Present limits from electroweak and collider experiments are briefly surveyed, as are prospects for discovery and diagnostic study at future colliders. Implications of a ${Z}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ are discussed, including an extended Higgs sector, extended neutralino sector, and solution to the $\ensuremath{\mu}$ problem in supersymmetry; exotic fermions needed for anomaly cancellation; possible flavor changing neutral current effects; neutrino mass; possible ${Z}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ mediation of supersymmetry breaking; and cosmological implications for cold dark matter and electroweak baryogenesis.
Implementing Organizational Change

The marketplace is a constantly evolving, highly competitive business environment. This environment is affected by many factors: changes in social norms; by government actions; by shifting demographics; by innovations in technology; by competitive actions of other business entities; and by changing weather patterns.
Percutaneous tissue debulking and cement augmentation for advanced malignant vertebral compression fractures

9535 Background: Percutaneous cement injection procedures (eg vertebroplasty, kyphoplasty) are used successfully to palliate patients with painful osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (VCFs...
H12 Colostomy Closure in Anorectal Malformation

The proximal stoma is packed with Betadine-soaked packing gauze. Multiple 5-0 silk sutures are placed at the mucocutaneous junction around both limbs of the stoma to allow for uniform traction (Fig. 1). An elliptical wedge-type incision is made around the two stomas and carried down through skin, subcutaneous tissue, aponeurosis, muscle and peritoneum (Fig. 1). Both stomas are completely dissected from the abdominal wall. The packing gauze is removed. Baby ALLEN clamps are applied and the stomas are resected (Fig. 2).
Ruminal microbial development in conventionally or early-weaned calves

Eight bull calves (four Holsteins and four Ayrshire calves with mean birth weight of 38.8 kg) were ruminally cannulated at 3 d of age and allocated to one of two weaning programs. All calves were fed colostrum for 3 d after birth and milk until weaning. Calves in the conventional-weaning program were fed a starter diet from 3 d of age and weaned at 6 wk of age. In the early-weaning program, calves were fed a highly palatable pre-starter diet from 3 d of age until they consumed 227 g/d, and then fed a mixture of pre-starter (227 g) and starter diet ad libitum. Calves in this group were weaned at 4 wk of age. Ruminal samples were collected at 3 and 7 d, then weekly thereafter through 8 wk and at 10 and 12 wk of age to assess microbial activity. Calves in the early-weaned group had a higher concentration of total ruminal volatile fatty acids at an earlier age than the calves in the conventional-weaning program. This was accompanied by a trend toward higher lactate concentrations and lower ruminal pH in the early-weaned group during their first 4 wk of age. Lactate and ammonia concentrations decreased with calf age. The total anaerobic bacterial counts increased slightly with calf age, whereas Streptococcus bovis and facultative bacterial populations decreased with calf age. Amylolytic, proteolytic, lactobacilli, lactate-utilizers, cellulolytic and methanogenic bacterial populations increased progressively in both groups. Cellulolytic and methanogenic bacteria were present in both groups at 3 d of age. No protozoa were detected in calves of either group. In general, the most significant changes in bacterial populations and metabolic activity in both groups occurred between 4 and 6 wk of age. Although calves in both groups had similar patterns of bacterial development, calves in the early-weaning program tended to have high ruminal microbial activity at an earlier age than the conventionally weaned calves.
Nitrite Destruction as a Presumptive Test for the Determination of Water Pollution

In view of the great difficulty of actually determining pathogenic organisms in waters slightly polluted, it has become necessary to formulate a number of methods, both chemical and bacteriological, the purpose of which is to determine the likelihood of pollution. The underlying principle of all of these tests, apart from the actual determination of quantities of mineral substances harmful because of their chemical nature alone, is to determine the quantitative and, to a limited extent, the qualitative bacterial contents. The direct bacteriological methods aim at the determination of the presence of bacteria common in the intestinal tract of man and animals, and the most important of these are of course the colon bacillus tests. The chemical methods, although indirect in their approach, have a similar aim, but attain it by determining the presence of abnormal amounts of substances excreted by man and animals which find their way into a water from a source of pollution, or the chemical results of bacterial destruction of such organic matter. Chemical examinations are of great value only when repeated tests have established the normal chemical contents of the water and when considerable variation from this normal indicates a change not attributable to such ordinary occurrences as rainfall or change in ground water levels. Such examination, however, is of most value when carried out in conjunction with bacteriological tests, the two methods correcting and checking each other. Whenever chemical investigation reveals abnormal quantities of such substances as ammonia, nitrites, nitrates or chlorids, the presumption is that they indicate pollution. Probably not being derived in the given case from mineral sources, they are present either as the result
Effect of Carbohydrate on Amino Acid Utilization of Certain Bacteria

That a utilizable carbohydrate influences the changes in protein and amino-acids in bacterial cultures, is so well known as to require no comment. The phenomenon has assumed undue prominence in the literature because various investigators do not agree in their interpretations* The two outstanding features of bacterial metabolism, which have been emphasized by Kendall, Walker and Day 1 in a series of experiments extending over several years, are: (1) Protein in the presence of a fermentable sugar is spared. (2) When sugar is present, protein metabolism is reduced to the minimum required for structural purposes. Herman and Rettger,2 however, using a simple buffered medium in their series of experiments, came to the conclusion that "Kendall and Walker's conception that the presence of glucose delays the production of the proteolytic enzyme cannot be accepted. In the tests in which the buffer reagent was employed the proteolytic enzyme appeared as soon in the sugar media as in the plain bouillon.,, They ran parallel tests on mediums containing 0.2% and 0.4% dextrose, with 0.25% beef extract, 0.5% peptone, and O.S^fc NaCl, one series without, and the other series with 0.5% K2HP04. By following the changes by tests on successive days, an interesting sequence, when properly interpreted, is recorded in their table. Why they would limit the concentration of sugar to any percentage is not clear. The action of the buffer in their experiments is clearly to hold the concentration of hydrogenion below the toxic limit, and thus enable the organisms to exhaust the last trace of such small quantities of sugar. The sugar having been exhausted, the organisms of course then turn to the amino acids for their energy needs, which accounts for the sequence of changes shown in their table.
Some Effects of Certain Toxic Gases on the Blood of the Cockroach, Periplaneta Orientalis (Linn.)

Only a few of the toxic gases used in this study produced a visible effect upon the process of blood coagulation, or upon the blood cells of Periplaneta orientalis, or brought about readily visible chemical changes in its blood. Roaches which were killed with carbon disulphide yielded a small quantity of blood poor in cells; those killed with pyridine also yielded little blood but the cell content was apparently normal. The blood of roaches, which were killed with acetic acid vapor, did not coagulate and the cells were fixed in an apparently normal condition. Crystals or magnesium ammonium phosphate appeared in the blood of the roaches which succumbed to ammonia gas. As these were the only effects observed in the blood of roaches treated with 34 inorganic and organic compounds of widely differing physical properties and chemical composition, it is probable that lethal concentrations of most gaseous compounds do not produce marked visible changes in the blood of this insect.
CO2 fixation in the nervous system V. CO2 fixation and citrate metabolism in rabbit nerve

The extent of CO2 fixation in the sciatic nerve of the rabbit was determined. The specific activitiy of citric acid was higher than that of glutamic, aspartic, and malic acids, and the specific activity of citric acid obtained from the 2 hour incubation nerve was close to 1/3 of that of the CO2 in the medium. The ratio of the radioactivity of the C-6 to C-1 of citrate was about 2∶1 in intact nerves and about 1∶1 in damaged nerves, and the ratio of the radioactivitiy of C-4 to C-1 of aspartate was approximately 1∶1 in both cases. These results suggest that in the sciatic nerve of the rabbit: 1) the dicarboxylic acid “shuttle” was active, 2) the extent of the carboxylation at the oxalosuccinic acid level was 1/2 or more of that at the oxaloacetic acid level, and 3) the CO2 fixation by the carboxylation of a-ketoglutaric acid might have some relationship to nerve function. The significance of CO2 fixation, and the possible relationship between the carboxylation of α-ketoglutaric acid and the concentrations of citric acid, acetyl-CoA and acetylcholine, and the control of the rate of tricarboxylic acid cycle were discussed.
Fat Chance! Experiences and Expectations of Antifat Bias in the Gay Male Community

Although popular culture suggests that weight-based prejudice is especially common among gay men, no studies have examined this issue empirically. In Study 1, we explored experiences of antifat bias among gay men and the body image correlates of these experiences. Participants (215 gay men, ranging
Ratcheted electrophoresis of Brownian particles

The realization of nanoscale machines requires efficient methods by which to rectify unbiased perturbations to perform useful functions in the presence of significant thermal noise. The performance of such Brownian motors often depends sensitively on their operating conditions—in particular, on the relative rates of diffusive and deterministic motions. In this letter, we present a type of Brownian motor that uses contact charge electrophoresis of a colloidal particle within a ratcheted channel to achieve directed transport or perform useful work against an applied load. We analyze the stochastic dynamics of this model ratchet to show that it functions under any operating condition—even in the limit of strong thermal noise and in contrast to existing ratchets. The theoretical results presented here suggest that ratcheted electrophoresis could provide a basis for electrochemically powered, nanoscale machines capable of transport and actuation of nanoscale components.
Research progress on neonatal specialized nurses at home and abroad

The artical summarized the current development of neonatal specialized nurses at home and abroad.According to the current management and training of neonatal specialized nurses,it is recommended that China should establish a series of standardized and unified training and management systems,to enhance the utilization of neonatal specialized nurses,so as to promote the better comprehensive development of neonatal specialized nurses in China.
Big Deal: How the Influx of Cuban Players Could Affect Labor Relations in Major League Baseball

As trade relations with the United States and Cuba continue to improve (December 17, 2015 is the one-year anniversary of the United States agreeing to open diplomatic relations with the island nation), cigars and rum aren't the only two exports that will soon flood the American market. Cuban baseball players are already coming in droves and are securing multi-million dollar contracts along the way. But what sort of labor implications do these players bring? This paper attempts to examine what issues may possibly come as a result.
Effects of suckling, progestogen-impregnated pessaries or hysterectomy on ovarian function in autumn-lambing postpartum ewes.

In three experiments, we examined the effects of suckling, progestogen treatment, hysterectomy or exogenous gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) on ovarian function in autumn-lambing, postpartum ewes. In each experiment, GnRH was injected on approximately d 25 postpartum. Suckling reduced (P less than .01) GnRH-induced release of luteinizing hormone (LH) but not of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and reduced (P less than .05) the proportion of ewes that developed corpora lutea in response to GnRH. Suckling had no effect on duration (8.8 d) of GnRH-induced luteal phases. Progestogen prior to GnRH increased (P less than .01) the duration of the first luteal phase (10.1 vs 7.6 d; progestogen-treated ewes vs control ewes), but progestogen did not affect the release of LH or FSH. Progestogen treatment did not alter the interval from parturition to the first detected estrus (42.6 d). The concentration of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2 alpha (PGFM) just after lambing was greater than 400 pg/ml of jugular plasma, but concentrations of PGFM declined thereafter. Hysterectomy the day after lambing hastened (P less than .001) the decline in concentrations of PGFM, indicating that prostaglandins from the postpartum uterus probably caused the high concentrations of PGFM in jugular plasma. Hysterectomy reduced (P less than .05) the interval from parturition to detectable luteal function (19.6 vs 25.3 d) and enhanced (P less than .001) luteal production of progesterone. This study of autumn-lambing ewes indicates that the uterus has a negative effect on ovarian function and that suckling and progestogen affect ovarian response to GnRH.
Analysis of contact area between water and irregular fibrous surface for prediction of wettability

A characterization method, which allows visual observation of the surface area that is wet by a liquid on a roughened surface, called the solid fraction (fs) in the Cassie–Baxter model was developed. To this end, superhydrophobic polystyrene (PS) webs (contact angles ∼170°, sliding angles ∼3°) were fabricated via electrospinning and subsequent coating with perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane (PFDTS). The theoretical solid fraction of the Cassie–Baxter model, fs, was calculated from the equation. Microscopic images of the PS webs were converted into black and white binary images after adjusting the gray-scale of the images to match the bright area fraction with the theoretical fs. For visual observation of the actual solid fraction, a drop of an aqueous solution with a hydrophobic fluorescent dye was rolled on the surface. Traces of the dye on the PS surface were analyzed by fluorescence microscopy to measure the actual solid fraction (fdyes) that was wet by the aqueous solution. The fdyes value corresponded well with the theoretical fs for the webs with superhydrophobic characteristics.
PIKT: Problem Informant/Killer Tool

When faced with the many problems that arise in a complex of heterogeneous networked workstations, systems administrators often resort to coding scripts to monitor and problem-solve, scripts that they then schedule via cron. PIKT is a new and innovative approach to monitor scripting and managing system configurations. PIKT consists of an embedded scripting language with unique labor-saving features, a sophisticated script and system configuration file preprocessor, a scheduler, an installer, and other useful tools. More than just a systems monitor, PIKT is also a cross-categorical toolkit for configuring systems, organizing system security, formatting documents, assisting command-line work, and performing other common systems administration tasks.
Darkened Counsel: The Problem of Evil in Bergson’s Metaphysics of Integral Experience

Henri Bergson's work is often presented as an optimistic philosophy. This essay presents a counter-narrative to that reading by looking to the place of the problem of evil within his integral metaphysics. For, if Bergson’s philosophy is simply optimistic, or simply derives meaning from the wholeness of experience, then it risks a theodical structure which undercuts its ability to speak to contemporary social and political problems of suffering. A theodical structure is one that, at bottom, justifies the experience of suffering by way of a concept of the whole or some concept that functions to subsume everything within it. Suffering is subsumed and given meaning by placing it within a relation, often with a telos that redeems or sublimates the experience of suffering. This takes such a singular experience such as suffering and renders it merely relative to the part it plays within the system of everything. On my reading, Bergson’s philosophy contains a supplement of what we might call pessimism or negativity inherent in his metaphysics as integral experience. This supplement undermines the theodical structure that may be assumed to undercut Bergson’s philosophy when confronted with evil or suffering and is seen most clearly in his critique of the notion of “everything.”
Standardization of Formal Specification Languages

Abstract Formal specification methods have been recognized to contribute to the reduction of design errors and omissions. This is becoming increasingly important with the rapid rise in complexity in embedded control systems. This paper will introduce formal specification methods and explain how they may be applied. A brief report will be presented on the current status of standardization for two formal specification languages
Abstract 318: Takotsubos Cardiomyopathy-EKG presentations

Background: In patients presenting with a clinical picture of acute myocardial infarction (MI), Stress induced or Takotsubos cardiomyopathy (TCM), once considered rare is now an increasingly considered differential diagnosis. Literature regarding this disease is relatively scarce. We aimed to review the electrocardiogram (EKG ) presentation of these patients. Methods: Medical records were reviewed for patients, from 2006 onwards, with either a discharge diagnosis of TCM or with a clinical presentation of acute MI and with ventriculogram on cardiac catheterizations (CC) but without any coronary interventions. We retrieved 972 patients and of those 99 met the criteria for TCM after a detailed review of their records Results: ST elevations were seen on EKG in 20% of patients-15 patients were initially considered a STEMI and another 5 were considered a possible STEMI .80% presented as unstable angina or a NTEMI with elevated troponins and of these 50% showed t wave changes suggestive of ischemia on EKG. Of the STEMI, 6 showed ST elevations in the anterior or anteroseptal leads, 7 showed ST elevations in the lateral or anterolateral leads, 4 showed ST elevations in the inferior leads and 3 showed diffuse ST segment elevations. Only one patient showed the classic reciprocal ST segment depression on EKG. However, the type of EKG presentations did not affect in hospital mortality or recovery of LV function Conclusions: Most TCM patients who present like a STEMI have ST segment elevations without the classical ST reciprocal depressions. They also present with higher Troponin and CKMB values, similar to STEMI due to obstructive CAD, than patients who present like a NSTEMI. However this did not appear to influence in hospital mortality or recovery of LV function.
Stacked homodimers of substituted contorted hexabenzocoronenes and their complexes with C60 fullerene

Stacking interactions involving substituted contorted hexabenzocoronene (c-HBC) with C60 were studied at the B97-D3M(BJ)/TZVPP//B97-D/TZV(2d,2p) level of theory. First, we showed that substituent effects in benzeneC60 complexes are uncorrelated with those in the benzene sandwich dimer, underscoring the importance of local, direct interactions in substituent effects in stacking interactions. Second, we showed that c-HBC preferentially forms stacked homodimers over complexes with C60; however, if the bowl depth of c-HBC is increased beyond 1.25 A, the c-HBCC60 complex becomes preferred over the c-HBC homodimer. Ultimately, we showed that the perfluorination of c-HBC leads to sufficient curvature to allow the c-HBCC60 heterodimers to form preferentially over c-HBC homodimers, suggesting the possibility of the development of c-HBC derivatives that assemble into alternating stacks with C60.
Organizational/Systems Change

The move toward population-focused mental health work in schools requires a very difficult paradigmatic change involving systems (Weist, 2003b). Systems change demands challenging shifts in thinking and changes in how things are done in schools (Schrag, 1996). The key components of systems change require a shared vision, strong leadership, structure in the form of a team, and commitment of stakeholders. It requires support for integrating changes into the general fabric of the school or district and funding that is steady. It is critical to appreciate that systems change takes time. A consensus is that systems change takes 3–5 years (Schrag, 1996, p. 494). Change is messy. “Change is about adaptation and resiliency” (Glor, 2007, p. 2). The capacity of a system (a school) to change, and also to maintain itself, is one indicator that the system is “fit.” Fit systems are complex and the various components interact with one another. As components interact, change can emerge.
General Orthopedic Terminology

Orthopedic surgery encompasses the breadth of surgical and medical management of musculoskeletal injuries and disorders. Multiple subspecialties in orthopedic surgery provide targeted treatments to the injuries and ailments of the axial and appendicular skeleton and associated neurologic and muscular systems. Knowledge of anatomy, especially of these systems, is essential to understanding orthopedic care. Specific terminology is derived from anatomic, functional, developmental, and even some eponymous sources. Orthopedic surgery complements the expertise of other specialties in the course of patient care.
Does franchisor ethical value really lead to improvements in financial and non-financial performance?

Purpose Although ethical management would seem to be a core responsibility in today’s business climate, empirical research and practical applications in the hospitality industry remain scarce. Hence, the aim of this study is to examine the influences of ethical value and corporate philanthropy on the foodservice industry in South Korea. Design/methodology/approach Frequency, reliability, confirmatory factor, correlation and structural equation modeling analyses were used. Findings The results indicate that, overall, ethical value directly influences corporate philanthropy and two aspects of organizational commitment (i.e. continuous and affective). Corporate philanthropy, in turn, positively relates to organizational commitment dimensions as well as financial and non-financial performance. Affective and continuous commitments lead to improvements in both financial and non-financial performance. Practical implications The strategic importance of ethical value and the following philanthropic activities in the foodservices is demonstrated from the findings of this research. Originality/value The current study is the first to develop and test an empirical model which accounts for the effects of ethical value on both financial and non-financial performances in the franchisor–franchisee relationship.
Stem cells from oral and maxillofacial tissues

Abstract Cells with special capacity of self-renewal and potency are known as stem cells that can be changed into desirable cells by involvement of suitable biochemical signals. Recently the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery has decorated its presence by taking progressive jumps into stem cell and regenerative medicine research and further bringing it into practice. Stem cells with the ability to form dentin, bone, and neuronal cells can be potentially utilized for oral, maxillofacial, and dental treatments and provide valuable therapeutic alternatives for patients. On the other hand, many useful stem cells can be extracted from oral and maxillofacial tissues, which are readily available in dental schools and clinics. This chapter aims to review the literature on stem cells extracted from oral and maxillofacial tissues, with regard to their characteristics, types and advantages to be used in stem cell-based treatments.
The Effect of the Ill-posed Problem on Quantitative Error Assessment in Digital Image Correlation

This work explores the effect of the ill-posed problem on uncertainty quantification for motion estimation using digital image correlation (DIC) (Sutton et al. [2009]). We develop a correction factor for standard uncertainty estimates based on the cosine of the angle between the true motion and the image gradients, in an integral sense over a subregion of the image. This correction factor accounts for variability in the DIC solution previously unaccounted for when considering only image noise, interpolation bias, contrast, and the software settings such as subset size and spacing.
Pharmacokinetics and C-reactive protein modelling of anti-interleukin-6 antibody (PF-04236921) in healthy volunteers and patients with autoimmune disease.

Aims The purpose of this study was to characterize pharmacokinetics (PK) of PF-04236921, a novel anti-interleukin-6 monoclonal antibody, and its pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) relationship on serum C-reactive protein (CRP) in healthy volunteers and patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Crohn's disease (CD). Methods Population modelling analyses were conducted using nonlinear mixed effects modelling. Data from two phase 1 healthy volunteer studies, a phase 1 RA study, a Phase 2 CD study and a Phase 2 SLE study were included. Results A two-compartment model with first order absorption and linear elimination and a mechanism-based indirect response model adequately described the PK and PK/PD relationships, respectively. Central compartment volume of distribution (Vc) positively correlated with body weight. Clearance (CL) negatively correlated with baseline albumin concentration and positively correlated with baseline CRP and creatinine clearance, and was slightly lower in females. After correcting for covariates, CL in CD subjects was approximately 60% higher than other populations. Maximum inhibition of PF-04236921 on CRP production (Imax ) negatively correlated with baseline albumin. Imax positively correlated with baseline CRP and the relationship was captured as a covariance structure in the PK/PD model. Conclusion Integrated population PK and PK/PD models of PF-04236921 have been developed using pooled data from healthy subjects and autoimmune patients. The current model enables simulation of PF-04236921 PK and PD profiles under various dosing regimens and patient populations and should facilitate future clinical study of PF-04236921 and other anti-interleukin-6 monoclonal antibodies.
Exchange-Traded Funds: Issues and Studies

Since the introduction of the first exchange-traded fund (ETF) in the form of Standard & Poor’s Depository Receipts (SPDRs) in 1993, ETFs have become popular investment vehicles in the financial markets. At the end of October 2008, assets under management totaled $460 billion, a reduction of $300 billion since the end of March 2008 in response to the credit crisis. ETFs offer multiple advantages to investors, including easy diversification in the equity, fixed income, and even commodities markets, low cost, tax efficiency, continuous pricing, and low premiums/discounts from the net asset value (NAV) of the underlying assets. However, it is possible for the ETF to exhibit premiums or discounts from the net asset value of the underlying assets due to their structure and dividend treatment. Unlike traditional mutual funds, ETFs can be sold short and purchased on margin. Although the ETF market has shrunk in response to the credit crisis, new innovations in the ETF include active management and retirement ETF products.
MICROBIAL COMMUNITY FUNCTION IN FRESHWATER WETLAND SOILS: USING EXTRACELLULAR ENZYME ANALYSIS TO STUDY THE EFFECT OF MOISTURE AND VEGETATION

MICROBIAL COMMUNITY FUNCTION IN FRESHWATER WETLAND SOILS: USING EXTRACELLULAR ENZYME ANALYSIS TO STUDY THE EFFECT OF MOISTURE AND VEGETATION By Aaron J. Porter, M.S. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Environmental Studies at Virginia Commonwealth University Virginia Commonwealth University, 2011 Major Director: Rima B. Franklin, Assistant Professor, VCU Department of Biology Differences in microbial community function via extracellular enzyme activity (EEA) were investigated to determine the effects of hydrology and plant-soil-microbe interactions in a young non-tidal freshwater riparian wetland. This was accomplished by establishing three plots along a moisture gradient at the VCU Rice Center; within each, five subplots were undisturbed while another five were cleared of all above-ground plant biomass each week for two years. Every eight weeks, soil cores (top 10 cm) were analyzed for pH, redox, carbon to nitrogen ratio, organic matter content, saturation, and temperature. Simultaneous assessment of microbial EEA revealed a site difference due to soil moisture content, which had an effect on soil pH, redox potential, and plant community composition. For most extracellular enzymes, the presence of vegetation was associated with higher activity. Together, the findings highly the importance of reestablishing native hydrologic and vegetated conditions in order to achieving previous functionality during wetland restoration.
Transcription of the Human HSP70 Gene: cis-Acting Elements and trans-Acting Factors Involved in Basal, Adenovirus E1A, and Stress-Induced Expression

The eukaryotic genome encodes a large multigene family of proteins that share extensive sequence identity and biochemical properties with the major heat shock-inducible protein, HSP70. In human cells there are at least five distinct members of the HSP70 gene family that are constitutively expressed or induced in response to physiological stress. The genes that encode many of these HSP70-related proteins have been cloned, and comparison of their corresponding nucleotide sequences has revealed a high degree of evolutionary conservation among members of the HSP70 family within a single species and between species (Moran et al. 1982; Lowe et al. 1983; Hunt and Morimoto 1985; Mues et al. 1986). For example, comparison of heat shock proteins between species as separated as dnaK from E. coli and human HSP70 reveals 50% identity at the amino acid level (Bardwell and Craig 1984). Among the human HSP70-related proteins, GRP78 and HSP70 are 76% identical while P72 and HSP70 are 85% identical (Hunt and Morimoto 1985).
Chapter 19 Asset prices, consumption, and the business cycle

Abstract This chapter reviews the behavior of financial asset prices in relation to consumption. The chapter lists some important stylized facts that characterize US data, and relates them to recent developments in equilibrium asset pricing theory. Data from other countries are examined to see which features of the US experience apply more generally. The chapter argues that to make sense of asset market behavior one needs a model in which the market price of risk is high, time-varying, and correlated with the state of the economy. Models that have this feature, including models with habitformation in utility, heterogeneous investors, and irrational expectations, are discussed. The main focus is on stock returns and short-term real interest rates, but bond returns are also considered.