cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Using field inversion to quantify functional errors in turbulence closures

A data–informed approach is presented with the objective of quantifying errors and uncertainties in the functional forms of turbulence closure models. The approach creates modeling information from higher-fidelity simulations and experimental data. Specifically, a Bayesian formalism is adopted to infer discrepancies in the source terms of transport equations. A key enabling idea is the transformation of the functional inversion procedure (which is inherently infinite-dimensional) into a finite-dimensional problem in which the distribution of the unknown function is estimated at discrete mesh locations in the computational domain. This allows for the use of an efficient adjoint-driven inversion procedure. The output of the inversion is a full-field of discrepancy that provides hitherto inaccessible modeling information. The utility of the approach is demonstrated by applying it to a number of problems including channel flow, shock-boundary layer interactions, and flows with curvature and separation. In all these cases, the posterior model correlates well with the data. Furthermore, it is shown that even if limited data (such as surface pressures) are used, the accuracy of the inferred solution is improved over the entire computational domain. The results suggest that, by directly addressing the connection between physical data and model discrepancies, the field inversion approach materially enhances the value of computational and experimental data for model improvement. The resulting information can be used by the modeler as a guiding tool to design more accurate model forms, or serve as input to machine learning algorithms to directly replace deficient modeling terms.
Change of soil erosion intensity during the course of plant destruction and plant reconstruction in the Loess Plateau

Through sampling soils on slopes of different utilized manners, the changes of soil erosion intensity were studied in Yangou watershed by using 137Cs method during the course of plant destruction and land cultivation and the course of plant reconstruction. The result showed that the 137Cs concentration reduced greatly because of plant destruction and land cultivation. Soil erosion on slopes became more severe with the land tillage history becoming longer. Soil erosion intensity could be lessened effectively through vegetation reconstruction. The soil erosion modulus on three kinds of vegetation reconstruction slopes were compared. The result showed that the effect of soil conservation was the best on the slopes of restoring vegetation naturally, but soil erosion on the orchard was the most severe because the management of orchard was irrational. The soil erosion intensity showed great difference under different environmental conditions with the same pattern of vegetation construction. The trend of soil erosion intensity was also forecasted in this paper.
Effect of nitrogen fertilization and residue management practices on ammonia emissions from subtropical sugarcane production

Abstract Ammonia (NH3) emission from soil is a loss of nitrogen (N) nutrient for plant production as well as an issue of air quality, due to the fact that it is an active precursor of airborne particulate matters. Ammonia also acts as a secondary source of nitrous oxide (N2O) emission when present in the soil. In this study, the impacts of different sources of N fertilizers and harvest residue management schemes on NH3 emissions from sugarcane production were evaluated based on an active chamber method. The field experiment plots consisting of two sources of N fertilizer (urea and urea ammonium nitrate (UAN)) and two common residue management practices, namely residue retained (RR) and residue burned (RB), were established on a Commerce silt loam. The NH3 volatilized following N fertilizer application was collected in an impinger containing diluted citric acid and was subsequently analyzed using ion chromatography. The NH3 loss was primarily found within 3–4 weeks after N application. Average seasonal soil NH3 flux was significantly greater in urea plots with NH3-N emission factor (EF) twice or more than in UAN plots (2.4–5.6% vs. 1.2–1.7%). The RR residue management scheme had much higher NH3 volatilization than the RB treatment regardless of N fertilizer sources, corresponding to generally higher soil moisture levels in the former. Ammonia-N emissions in N fertilizer-treated sugarcane fields increased with increasing soil water-filled pore space (WFPS) up to 45–55% observed in the field. Both N fertilizer sources and residue management approaches significantly affected NH3 emissions.
A Configuration-Contingent Enterprise Redesign Model

Theory-building in the reengineering domain has been tentative and slow, but recent modeling work has established some theoretical structure on which other researchers can build in the cumulative tradition of academic research. However, theoretical voids persist regarding the description or instantiation of enterprise processes in the real world and the explanation and prediction of effective process redesign. This present work is directed toward filling these voids, and leads to the development and operationalization of what is called the Configuration-contingent Enterprise Redesign Model (CERM). This model subsumes and extends the prior contributions by defining, and operationalizing, dimensions and variables that describe the configuration of an enterprise process, which is modeled as a contingency factor to explain and predict differential redesign performance. Through such operationalized constructs, CERM is able to instantiate and empirically measure a wide variety of enterprise processes in the real world, and through a combination of its theoretical propositions and testable hypotheses, the model makes a contribution to extant reengineering theory by demonstrating a unique capability for explanation and prediction in terms of configuration-contingent process redesign. A sample of the model propositions and hypotheses is discussed to highlight some of the potential uses, utilities, advantages and limitations associated with CERM, which leads to one possible agenda for future theory-building research along these lines.
Bilateral arm approach for percutaneous coronary intervention of unprotected left main supported by a modified intra-aortic balloon pump

Patients in whom femoral arterial access is not feasible pose a challenge in terms of hemodynamic support during high-risk percutaneous coronary intervention. Patient's height adds another challenge given the fixed lengths of available intra-aortic balloon pumps, in terms of achieving an adequate infrasubclavian positioning in the descending thoracic aorta. We report a case where a modified intra-aortic balloon pump helped achieve a successful result in a patient undergoing intervention of an unprotected left main using bilateral arm approach.
Mechanisms of twinning: X. The male factor.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the possibility of male-line inheritance of dizygotic twinning potential. STUDY DESIGN: Women with multiple births who had previously volunteered to participate in studies in this series were asked about the frequency of males genetically related to the index mother's husband who had also fathered multiples. Only spontaneous gestations were considered. RESULTS: If male involvement in twin pregnancies were entirely random, 1 egg in a given cycle.
Free Speech and 'a Law of Rules'

Free Speech and “A Law of Rules” Ashutosh Bhagwat 1 1 Martin Luther King, Jr. Professor of Law and Martin Luther King Jr. Hall Research Scholar, University of California, Davis School of Law. B.A. 1986 Yale University. J.D. 1990 The University of Chicago. Contact: aabhagwat@ucdavis.edu. Thanks to the staff of the First Amendment Law Review for organizing this event and for the invitation to participate.
Caveolins and Heart Diseases

Caveolins serve as a platform in plasma membrane associated caveolae to orchestrate various signaling molecules to effectively communicate extracellular signals into the interior of cell. All three types of caveolin, Cav-1, Cav-2 and Cav-3 are expressed throughout the cardiovascular system especially by the major cell types involved including endothelial cells, cardiac myocytes, smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. The functional significance of caveolins in the cardiovascular system is evidenced by the fact that caveolin loss leads to the development of severe cardiac pathology. Caveolin gene mutations are associated with altered expression of caveolin protein and inherited arrhythmias. Altered levels of caveolins and related downstream signaling molecules in cardiomyopathies validate the integral participation of caveolin in normal cardiac physiology. This chapter will provide an overview of the role caveolins play in cardiovascular disease. Furthering our understanding of the role for caveolins in cardiovascular pathophysiology has the potential to lead to the manipulation of caveolins as novel therapeutic targets.
Genetic Algorithm–Based Acoustic-Source Inversion Approach to Detect Multiple Moving Wave Sources of an Arbitrary Number

AbstractAcoustic-source inversion in the time domain can be used for a broad range of engineering applications [for example, detecting speeds and weights of overweight trucks on urban roads and loc...
Performance-Based Tsunami Engineering methodology for risk assessment of structures

Abstract Tsunamis are rare destructive phenomena caused by the sudden displacement of a large amount of water in the ocean and can result in enormous losses to coastal communities. The resilience of coastal communities to tsunamis can be improved through the use of risk-informed decision making tools. Performance-Based Engineering (PBE) approaches have been developed for different natural hazards including earthquake, fire, hurricane, and wind to perform probabilistic risk assessment for structures. In this study, a probabilistic Performance-Based Tsunami Engineering (PBTE) framework based on the total probability theorem is proposed for the risk assessment of structures subject to tsunamis. The proposed framework can be disaggregated into the different basic analysis phases of hazard analysis, foundation and structure characterization, interaction analysis, structural analysis, damage analysis, and loss analysis. An application example consisting of the risk assessment of a three-story steel moment frame structure was performed using the proposed framework. The probability of exceedance of the total replacement cost including structural, nonstructural, and content losses were computed.
Comparison of Bayesian penalized likelihood reconstruction versus OS-EM for characterization of small pulmonary nodules in oncologic PET/CT.

To determine whether the recently introduced Bayesian penalized likelihood PET reconstruction (Q.Clear) increases the visual conspicuity and SUVmax of small pulmonary nodules near the PET resolution limit, relative to ordered subset expectation maximization (OS-EM). In this institutional review board-approved and HIPAA-compliant study, 29 FDG PET/CT scans performed on a five-ring GE Discovery IQ were retrospectively selected for pulmonary nodules described in the radiologist’s report as “too small to characterize”, or small lung nodules in patients at high risk for lung cancer. Thirty-two pulmonary nodules were assessed, with mean CT diameter of 8 mm (range 2–18). PET images were reconstructed with OS-EM and Q.Clear with noise penalty strength β values of 150, 250, and 350. Lesion visual conspicuity was scored by three readers on a 3-point scale, and lesion SUVmax and background liver and blood pool SUVmean and SUVstdev were recorded. Comparison was made by linear mixed model with modified Bonferroni post hoc testing; significance cutoff was p < 0.05. Q.Clear improved lesion visual conspicuity compared to OS-EM at β = 150 (p < 0.01), but not 250 or 350. Lesion SUVmax was increased compared to OS-EM at β = 150 and 250 (p < 0.01), but not 350. In a cohort of small pulmonary nodules with size near an 8 mm PET full-width half maximum, Q.Clear significantly increased lesion visual conspicuity and SUVmax compared to our standard non- time-of-flight OS-EM reconstruction, but only with low noise penalization. Q.Clear with β = 150 may be advantageous when evaluation of small pulmonary nodules is of primary concern.
Sex differences in the impact of acute stroke treatment in a population-based study: a sex-specific propensity score approach

Abstract Purpose We investigated whether sex modifies the association of acute stroke treatment on functional outcome using propensity score (PS) methods to minimize confounding and to explore the differential effects of confounders by sex. Methods We included tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) treated ( n = 84) and nontreated ischemic stroke cases ( n = 143) from a population-based stroke study (2008–2013). The PS model that estimated the probability of receiving tPA included interactions between sex and treatment predictors. The outcome model included sex, tPA, and their interaction. In addition, sex-specific PS values were included as a continuous covariate and modeled using splines. We compared the results with conventional methods of statistical adjustment. Results Conventional methods of adjustment suggested that women receive greater benefit from tPA than men. After taking into consideration that the influence of confounders, specifically age and stroke severity, differed by sex, we found no sex difference in the tPA-functional outcome association ( P = .94). Conclusions Using PS methods that considered confounding of the sex × treatment interaction, we did not find that the association of tPA with functional outcome differed for women and men. Our findings may have implications for the methodologic approaches used to address confounding in studies that seek to compare stroke treatment effects by sex.
Jesus’s Spectral Heritage

Jesus’s Spectral Heritage examines various representations of Jesus in popular culture today, e.g. film. The chapter includes a discussion of H. Richard Niebuhr’s Christ and Culture (Harper and Row 2001), Graham Ward’s Christ and Culture (Blackwell 2005), and Daniel Colucciello Barber’s Deleuze and the Naming of God (Edinburgh UP 2014). The bulk of the chapter examines Žižek and Milbank’s debate in The Monstrosity of Christ and concludes on the side of Žižek’s Christian atheism (modified by Derridean hauntology). In addition, the chapter examines religious art and Christian materiality in the context of Caroline Walker Bynum’s book Christian Materiality: An Essay on Religion in Late Medieval Europe (Zone Books 2011).
A Study of Self-Regulated Learning in College String Majors:

Recent research in music education has found that college or conservatory students demonstrate similar self-regulated learning behaviors to those of professional musicians. Yet, how a musician beco...
Effect of Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid on Myogenesis and Mitochondrial Biosynthesis during Murine Skeletal Muscle Cell Differentiation.

Polyunsaturated fatty acids are important nutrients for human health, especially omega-3 fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which have been found to play positive roles in the prevention of various diseases. However, previous studies have reported that excessive omega-3 fatty acids supplement during pregnancy caused side effects such as slower neural transmission times and postnatal growth restriction. In this study, we investigated the effect of EPA and DHA on mitochondrial function and gene expression in C2C12 myoblasts during skeletal muscle differentiation. C2C12 myoblasts were cultured to confluency and then treated with differentiation medium that contained fatty acids (50µM EPA and DHA). After 72 hours of myogenic differentiation, mRNA was collected, and gene expression was analyzed by real-time PCR. Microscopy was used to examine cell morphology following treatment with fatty acids. The effect of EPA and DHA on cellular oxygen consumption was measured using a Seahorse XF24 Analyzer. Cells treated with fatty acids had fewer myotubes formed (P ≤ 0.05) compared to control cells. The expression of the genes related to myogenesis was significantly lower (P ≤ 0.05) in cells treated with fatty acids, compared with control cells. Genes associated with adipogenesis had higher (P ≤ 0.05) expression after treatment with fatty acids. Also, the mitochondrial biogenesis decreased with lower (P ≤ 0.05) gene expression and lower (P ≤ 0.05) mtDNA/nDNA ratio in cells treated with fatty acids compared with control cells. However, the expression of genes related to peroxisome biosynthesis was higher (P ≤ 0.05) in cells treated with fatty acids. Moreover, fatty acid treatment reduced (P ≤ 0.05) oxygen consumption rate under oligomycin-inhibited (reflecting proton leak) and uncoupled conditions. Our data imply that fatty acids might reduce myogenesis and increase adipogenesis in myotube formation. Fatty acids may also decrease cell metabolism by reducing mitochondrial biogenesis as well as respiration rate. This study suggests that the maternal overdosage of EPA and DHA may influence fetal muscle development, increase intramuscular adipose tissue deposition in offspring, and have a long-term effect on the development of metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes in adult offspring.
Extension of the stable operation of an all polarization maintaining mode-locked fiber laser

We present an all-polarization maintaining mode-locked fiber laser at 1530 nm with enhanced stability by cooling of the carbon nanotube saturable absorber. The laser output power ranges from 50μW to 200μW depending on the cooling.
Hearing loss and cerebrospinal fluid pressure: case report and review of the literature.

Abstract A decrease in cerebrospinal fluid pressure may result in an endolymphatic hydrops through a patent cochlear aqueduct or through the fundus of the internal auditory canal. This hydrops typically leads to low-frequency sensorineural hearing loss. We describe the case of a man who presented with a subjective and objective hearing loss in addition to a headache 4 days after he had undergone a dural puncture. We treated him with a standard epidural blood patch. Immediately after treatment, his hearing improved and his headache resolved.
Silicon Mimics of Unstable Carbon

Silicon–carbon bonds are unknown in nature, yet the search for bioactive organosilanes has a rich and successful history. Substitution of silicon for a stable quaternary carbon in biologically active molecules often leads to bioactive organosilanes. An alternative approach is the substitution of silicon for an unstable carbon, such as a hydrated carbonyl. The proclivity of carbon to favor a carbonyl over a 1,1-diol is reversed for silicon. Tetrahedral, hydrated carbonyls are ubiquitous intermediates in the reactivity of carbonyl compounds including many enzymatic reactions, and hydrolase enzymes are critical mediators of a broad range of biological processes. Proteases, one group of hydrolase enzymes, can be potently inhibited by silanediol-based peptide mimics when the silanediol substitutes for the hydrated carbonyl of amide bond hydrolysis. This chapter outlines the key parameters for bioactive organosilanes, the evolution of the silanediols as protease inhibitors, the supporting chemistry, and the current status.
Dryout of an inductively heated bed of steel particles with subcooled flow from beneath the bed

An experimental investigation has been conducted of dryout heat flux in an inductively heated bed of metal particles with forced flow from beneath the bed. The mass flux varied from 0 to 3.11 kg/m/sup 2/.s. Freon113 was used as coolant. Particle sizes were 1588, 3175, and 4763 /rho/m in diameter. The dryout heat flux was found to increase as mass flux increases. When the mass flux is large enough, the dryout heat flux asymptotically approaches the total evaporation energy of the inlet flow.
Roles of composition and temperature in silicate deposit-induced recession of yttrium disilicate

Abstract Reactions between silicate deposits and environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) for SiC/SiC composites can severely degrade coating performance. The goal of the present study is to elucidate effects of deposit composition and exposure temperature and time on the recession of yttrium disilicate (YDS), a candidate EBC material. Phase equilibrium calculations are used to predict reactions of YDS with deposits of twelve different compositions at 1300 °C and 1400 °C; experimental observations are reported for three exemplary compositions at both temperatures and compared with the thermodynamic predictions. For initial deposit thicknesses of about 100 μm, recession depths reach terminal values after exposures of about 100 h. Terminal recession depths are sensitive to deposit composition but are only weakly affected by temperature. Deposits with high initial Ca:Si ratios react most severely with YDS, forming thick layers containing apatite interpenetrated by residual melt, whereas reactions with deposits that have Ca:Si ratios below a threshold for apatite formation are more benign, albeit still significant.
Why You Should Read this Book

Behavioral health problems spare no one, and experienced primary care clinicians know this and work with patients with these problems every day. Behavioral health problems constitute major causes of premature mortality and complicate caring for people with acute and chronic diseases of all types. There is widespread agreement that primary care practices have the opportunity to improve millions of lives by improving their care of patients with behavioral health problems. The case for changing primary care practices to integrate behavioral health and primary care is strong (see Fig. 1.1). Not only is there a high prevalence of mental health and substance use disorders, but also low rates of patients with these needs receiving treatment. There is a growing body of evidence that integrating behavioral health to meet these needs can be done, reduces expenditures, and improves outcomes. Here lies the monumental opportunity for primary care clinicians. And this opportunity is the focus of this book.
Assurance of Learning (AOL) Case Study in a Capstone Finance Course at Indiana University South Bend

Assurance of Learning (AOL) has become an increasingly important dimension in Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) evaluation standards. In this case study, the author has developed and used a distinct AOL model to measure the impact on students learning in a capstone finance course at a state university in Indiana. Direct assessment of students learning is tested in closely controlled classroom environment through exam. The findings of the AOL model application indicate average scores of 81.61 percent for the semester, 85.67 percent for uncontrolled non-AOL model application environment, and 58.60 percent for controlled AOL model application condition respectively. Eighteen of twenty students in the study performed poorly in the AOL model application category than non-AOL model category. A poor performance in AOL model category indicates that the AOL model developed for this study successfully measures Assessment Process.
Effects of various interval training regimes on changes in maximal oxygen uptake, body composition, and muscular strength in sedentary women with obesity

We determined the effects of two high-intensity interval training (HIIT) regimens [the traditional (TRAD) and periodized (PER)] on changes in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), body composition, and muscular strength in sedentary, obese women. Seventeen women (age and BMI = 37.5 ± 10.5 year and 39.1 ± 4.3 kg/m2) were randomized into a 6 week regime of TRAD or PER which consisted of three sessions per week, two in the laboratory, and one on their own. Pre- and post-training, VO2max, body composition, and muscular strength of the knee extensors (KE) and flexors (KF) were assessed via ramp cycling to exhaustion, air displacement plethysmography, and isokinetic dynamometry, respectively. VO2max was increased by 4–5% in response to training (p = 0.045) with no group-by-time interaction (p = 0.79). Body mass, fat mass, and waist-to-hip ratio were unaltered (p > 0.05) in response to training, yet there was a significant change in percent body fat (p = 0.03), percent fat-free mass (p = 0.03), and absolute fat-free mass (p = 0.03) in TRAD but not PER. No change occurred in KE (p = 0.36) or KF torque (p = 0.75) in response to training and there was no group-by-time interaction (p > 0.05). Low-volume HIIT improved VO2max and body composition but did not modify muscular strength, which suggests that obese women desiring to increase strength should initiate more intense HIIT or partake in formal resistance training.
GADFly: A Fast and Robust Algorithm to Detect P2P Botnets in Communication Graphs

Botnets can be used to launch large scale and expensive attacks. Botnets are also difficult to detect and disable, especially when they use peer-to-peer (P2P) command a control structures. In this paper we propose GADFly - a fast and robust algorithm to detect P2P botnet structures in communication graphs built from network flow meta-data. While other algorithms have been proposed in literature that use graph analysis or machine learning techniques to detect botnets, they are either slow or have impractical false positives for realistically large graphs with millions of nodes. They also assume availability of universal communication graph data, which is not realistic. The method proposed here is able to precisely detect P2P botnet structures with extremely low false positive rates. In addition, GADFly is also very fast and robust in the face of gaps in communication graph data, making it suitable for practical deployments.
A Cultural Computing Curriculum

Broadening the participation of underrepresented students in computer science fields requires careful design and implementation of culturally responsive curricula and technologies. Culturally Situated Design Tools (CSDTs) address this by engaging students in historic, cultural, and meaningful design projects based on community practices. To date, CSDT research has only been conducted in short interventions outside of CS classrooms. This paper reports on the first semester-long introductory CS course based on CSDTs, which was piloted with 51 high school students during the 2017-2018 school year. The goal of this study was to examine if a culturally responsive computing curriculum could teach computer science principles and improve student engagement. Pre-post tests, field notes, weekly teacher meetings, formative assessments, and teacher and student interviews were analyzed to assess successes and failures during implementation. The results indicate students learned the conceptual material in 6 months rather than in the 9 months previously required by the teacher. Students were also able to apply these concepts afterward when programming in Python, implying knowledge transfer. However, student opinions about culture and computing didn't improve, and student engagement was below initial expectations. Thus we explore some of the many challenges: keeping a fully integrated cultural curriculum while satisfying CS standards, maintaining student engagement, and building student agency and self-regulation. We end with a brief description for how we intend to address some of these challenges in the second iteration of this program, scheduled for fall 2018. After which a study is planned to compare this curriculum to others.
Network Architectures and Standards

Wireless sensor network is composed of a collection of sensor nodes that sense the physical phenomena for further analysis purposes. ZigBee, WirelessHART, 6LoWPAN and ISA.100.11a are some of the wireless sensor network technologies that are presented throughout this chapter with the details of their network structure, protocol layers, key characteristics and application areas.
Injectable Polymeric Delivery System for Spatiotemporal and Sequential Release of Therapeutic Proteins To Promote Therapeutic Angiogenesis and Reduce Inflammation.

Myocardial infarction (MI) causes cardiac cell death, induces persistent inflammatory responses, and generates harmful pathological remodeling, which leads to heart failure. Biomedical approaches t...
Discovery and Optimization of Triazine Nitrile Inhibitors of Toxoplasma gondii Cathepsin L for the Potential Treatment of Chronic Toxoplasmosis in the CNS.

With roughly 2 billion people infected, the neurotropic protozoan Toxoplasma gondii remains one of the most pervasive and infectious parasites. Toxoplasma infection is the second leading cause of d...
Gastrointestinal Tolerability and Absorption of R- Versus R,S-Lipoic Acid in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Crossover Trial

We compared the gastrointestinal (GI) tolerability and assessed for bioequivalent absorption of R-lipoic acid (LA) in people with progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) in a single-center, double-blind, randomized crossover trial. Participants randomly assigned to formulation sequence took 600 mg of R-LA or 1200 mg of a 1:1 racemic R,S-LA mixture in single daily doses for 7 to 10 days, underwent a washout of at least 7 days, and then took the other form of LA for 7 to 10 days. At the end of each period on LA, GI symptoms were assessed with GI questions from the Monitoring of Side Effects Scale. Serum LA concentrations were measured before and 60, 90, 120, 180, and 240 minutes after the first and last day's dose of each form of LA to derive an area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) and maximum serum concentration (Cmax ). Twenty participants enrolled (12 women; 15 secondary progressive MS, 5 primary progressive MS; mean age, 59.6 years). Two withdrew early due to symptoms while taking R,S-LA, and one withdrew early while taking R-LA. The mean GI Monitoring of Side Effects Scale score was 1.7 points lower on R-LA than on R,S-LA (P = .069), and there were fewer reports of each GI side effect when taking the R-LA than the R,S-LA (31 vs 60; P = .025). The AUC and Cmax for R-LA were bioequivalent for the 2 formulations (90% confidence intervals 97.4% to 99.3% for AUC and 93.4% to 98.2% for Cmax ). This study supports that in people with progressive MS, there is better GI tolerability and bioequivalent serum absorption of R-LA when 600 mg of R-LA is taken as R-LA alone than when taken in a 1:1 racemic R,S-LA mixture.
Psychometric evaluation of the pediatric applied cognition scale in pediatric hematology/oncology.

Pediatric patients with hematology and oncology conditions often experience disease- and treatment-related neurocognitive deficits. Well-validated screening tools are critical for identifying patie...
High resolution spatiotemporal patterns of seawater temperatures across the Belize Mesoamerican Barrier Reef

Coral reefs are under increasingly severe threat from climate change and other anthropogenic stressors. Anomalously high seawater temperatures in particular are known to cause coral bleaching (loss of algal symbionts in the family Symbiodiniaceae), which frequently leads to coral mortality. Remote sensing of sea surface temperature (SST) has served as an invaluable tool for monitoring physical conditions that can lead to bleaching events over relatively large scales (e.g. few kms to 100 s of kms). But, it is also well known that seawater temperatures within a site can vary significantly across depths due to the combined influence of solar heating of surface waters, water column thermal stratification, and cooling from internal waves and upwelling. We deployed small autonomous benthic temperature sensors at depths ranging from 0–40 m in fore reef, back reef, and lagoonal reef habitats on the Belize Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System from 2000–2019. These data can be used to calculate depth-specific climatologies across reef depths and sites, and emphasize the dynamic and spatially-variable nature of coral reef physical environments. Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.13095506
Generation of an Interactome for the Tetratricopeptide Repeat Domain of O-GlcNAc Transferase Indicates a Role for the Enzyme in Intellectual Disability.

The O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) modifies nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins with β-N-acetyl-glucosamine (O-GlcNAc). With thousands of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins but only one OGT encoded in the mammalian genome, a prevailing question is how OGT selects its substrates. Prior work has indicated that the tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain of OGT is involved in substrate selection. Furthermore, several variants of OGT causal for X-linked intellectual disability (XLID) occur in the TPR domain. Therefore, we adapted the BioID labeling method to identify interactors of a TPR-BirA* fusion protein in HeLa cells. We identified 115 interactors representing known and novel O-GlcNAc-modified proteins and OGT interactors (raw data deposited in MassIVE, Dataset ID MSV000085626). The interactors are enriched in known OGT processes (e.g., chromatin remodeling) as well as processes in which OGT has yet to be implicated (e.g., pre-mRNA processing). Importantly, the identified TPR interactors are linked to several disease states but most notably are enriched in pathologies featuring intellectual disability that may underlie the mechanism by which mutations in OGT lead to XLID. This interactome for the TPR domain of OGT serves as a jumping-off point for future research exploring the role of OGT, the TPR domain, and its protein interactors in multiple cellular processes and disease mechanisms, including intellectual disability.
Synthetic Contributions Introducer: Billie Lee Turner II

Insights about the intellectual origins, base arguments, and impacts of three of William Denevan’s most innovative works are addressed: The Pristine Myth, A Bluff Model, and Adaptation. Grounded in the “Berkeley School” traditions of research questions as they morphed into cultural ecology, The Pristine Myth challenged various claims bubbling up during the quincentenary of the Columbian encounter that marked the environments of the Americas as relatively untouched by Native Americans. Despite various challenges to Denevan’s “unpristine” claims, The Pristine Myth has stood the test of time and the advancement of the evidence relevant to the argument. A Bluff Model sought to rectify various evidence and arguments, including those previously proposed by Denevan, about pre-European populations in the Amazon. In this reconfiguration, the relatively large size of the population is recognized, while the location of its settlements and lands used for cultivation is changed in an attempt to reconcile various debates among archaeologists. Finally, Adaptation, perhaps Denevan’s most conceptual work, responds to the challenges that the Berkeley traditions were sparse in terms of the explanations of the built environments addressed. Adaptation borrowed concepts embedded with the Chicago School of risk-hazards, attempting the merge the two major North American schools—Berkeley and Chicago—focused on human-environment relationships and sought to move cultural ecological research into a broader, theoretical framing.
Treatment strategy for patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare and potentially life-threatening disease that is characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, consumptive thrombocytopenia, and ischemic organ damage resulting from the formation of platelet-rich thrombi in the microvasculature. It is especially related to a severe deficiency of ADAMTS13, the specific von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease. Thus, <10% of the normal activity of ADAMTS13 is an essential diagnostic marker for establishing a diagnosis of TTP. TTP can be of congenital form that is termed the Upshaw-Schulman syndrome (USS) that is caused by genetic abnormality of ADAMTS13 and acquired form that is caused by autoantibodies against ADAMTS13. The congenital form is treated with the infusion of fresh frozen plasma, and the treatment of the acquired form involves plasma exchange combined with immunosuppressive therapy that uses corticosteroids and rituximab. Recently, the efficacy and safety of new drugs caplacizumab, single-domain antibody against ADAMTS13, and recombinant ADAMTS13 products have been reported in large-scale clinical trials conducted in other countries. These results suggested the better outcome in the treatment for the patients with TTP in the near future.
The mobile emergency recovery intervention trial (MERIT): Protocol for a 3-year mixed methods observational study of mobile recovery outreach teams in Nevada's emergency departments.

Background The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration awarded State Targeted Response grants to support states’ efforts to address the opioid epidemic. In Nevada, one component of this grant was mobile recovery outreach teams (MROTs) that utilized peer recovery support specialists to provide care for qualifying patients in emergency departments (EDs). The Mobile Emergency Recovery Intervention Trial (MERIT) is a mixed methods study to assess the feasibility/acceptability and effectiveness of the MROT intervention. This protocol mainly describes the R33 research activities and outcomes. The full protocol can be found protocols.io. Methods Data will be derived from state-level data sets containing de-identified emergency department visits, substance use disorder treatment records, and mortality files; in-person mixed methods interviews; participant observation; and self-report process evaluation forms. Primary outcomes include Medication Assisted Treatment (MAT) initiation and non-fatal overdose; secondary outcomes include MAT retention and fatal overdose. Quantitative hypotheses will be tested using generalized linear mixed effects models, Bayesian hierarchical models, and marginal Cox models. Qualitative interview data will be analyzed using an inductive thematic analysis procedure. Discussion It is impossible to conduct a randomized controlled trial of the effectiveness of the MROTs, given the ethical and logistical considerations of this intervention. This study’s innovative design employs a mixed methods formative phase to examine feasibility and acceptability, and a quasi-experimental outcomes evaluation phase employing advanced statistical methods to mitigate bias and suggest causal inference regarding the effectiveness of the MROTs. Innovative interventions have been deployed in many states; evidence regarding their effectiveness is lacking, but critical to informing an effective public health response to the opioid epidemic.
Synthesis of allyl-transition metal complexes by phase transfer catalyzed reactions of metal carbonyl halides

Abstract Mechanisms are proposed for the hydroxide ion-initiated reactions of metal carbonyl halides which lead to allyl-transition metal complexes under phase transfer conditions. Evidence is presented for intermediate anionic metallocarboxylic acids in reactions leading to η 3 -allyl products of molybdenum, iron, ruthenium and manganese, whereas η 1 complexes are shown to result from halide displacement reactions in which simple metal carbonyl anions are generated. In some cases phosphorus-containing ligands inhibit the hydroxide-promoted reactions of metal carbonyl halides with allyl bromide; a rationale involving decreased acidity of the carbonyl ligands is presented. Syntheses of η 3 -C 3 H 5 Mn(CO) 3 P(OCH 3 ) 3 and η 3 -C 3 H 5 Mn(CO) 2 [P(OCH 3 ) 3 ] 2 by phase transfer catalysis are also described.
Antimicrobial edible films and coatings.

Increasing consumer demand for microbiologicallysafer foods, greater convenience,smaller packages, and longer product shelf life is forcing the industry to develop new food-processing,cooking, handling, and packaging strategies. Nonfluid ready-to-eat foods are frequently exposed to postprocess surface contamination, leading to a reduction in shelf life. The food industry has at its disposal a wide range of nonedible polypropylene- and polyethylene-based packaging materials and various biodegradable protein- and polysaccharide-based edible films that can potentially serve as packaging materials. Research on the use of edible films as packaging materials continues because of the potential for these films to enhance food quality, food safety, and product shelf life. Besides acting as a barrier against mass diffusion (moisture, gases, and volatiles), edible films can serve as carriers for a wide range of food additives, including flavoring agents, antioxidants, vitamins, and colorants. When antimicrobial agen...
Spectrophotometric studies of dioxouranium(V) in aqueous media—I: The perchlorate medium☆

The spectrum of UO2+ in aqueous perchlorate medium is described as two absorption bands at 9400 and 7380 A, with higher energy absorption beginning at ∼ 6500 A and increasing at shorter wavelengths to at least 5000 A. Thermodynamic values of K, ΔF°, ΔH° and ΔS° for the disproportionation of UO2+ were determined to be 7 × 104, −6·6 kcal, −18·6 kcal and −40 e.u., respectively. The value of S° for UO2+ was determined to be −11 e.u.
Multiphoton Ionization of (Xe)n and (NO)n Clusters Using a Picosecond Laser

In an effort to extend the application of multiphoton ionization (MPI) spectroscopy to the study of weakly bound systems, we have begun a systematic investigation of picosecond MPI in van der Waals molecules and clusters. To our knowledge no previous picosecond MPI studies of weakly bound systems have been reported. We present here results of picosecond MPI of Xe/sub n/(n = 1-20) and (NO)/sub n/(n = 1-4) clusters. Previous MPI studies using nanosecond lasers have not detected the NO cluster series, presumably because of fast dissociation channels. The use of high peak-power allows resonant and non-resonant photon absorption to the ionization limit to compete effectively with fast dissociative processes. 10 refs., 2 figs.
On the Utility of Lagged Ratio-Correlation as a Short-Term County Population Projection Method: A Case Study of Washington State

The utility of a new short-term method of projecting future population at the county level is evaluated and compared with two alternative methods exponential extrapolation and the cohort-component method using data for Washington State for 1970 1980 and 1990. "The evaluation suggests that the lagged ratio-correlation method consistently has a high level of utility for all three timepoints. It achieves reductions in error that are comparable to those achieved by the Cohort-Component Method yet with much less resource requirements. The exponential extrapolation method is found to have high and moderate utility in two of the three timepoints." (EXCERPT)
Loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) testing of aged cables with application to nuclear plant life extension

Abstract Sandia National Laboratories is conducting long-term aging research on representative samples of U.S. nuclear power plant Class 1E cables. The objectives of this program are to determine the suitability of these cables for extended life (beyond 40-year design basis) and to assess various cable condition monitoring (CM) techniques for predicting remaining cable life. Twelve different cable products have been artifically aged at relatively mild exposure conditions in three test chambers to nominal equivalent lifetimes of 20, 40, and 60 years based on Arrhenius acceleration theory. After aging, the cables in each chamber were exposed to a sequential accident profile consisting of 1100 kGy of high dose rate gamma irradiation followed by a simulated design basis loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) steam exposure. This paper presents selected results of the LOCA testing. Although some of the cables experienced electrical failures, the results of these tests indicate a good life extension potential for a number of popular U.S. cable products. Results of the CM techniques are still under evaluation and are not reported here.
Chronic vs acute carbamate administration in exercising rats

Abstract Physostigmine (PH), alone, and pyridostigmine (PY), in combination with atropine and 2-PAM, have been shown to protect animals against organophosphate poisoning. While acute administration of either of these carbamates increased heating rates and decreased endurance of exercising rats, chronically administered PY did not induce these decrements, and we hypothesized that chronic administration of PH could also result in similar attenuation of these effects. Thus, PH was administered acutely (iv) or chronically (osmotic mini-pump) in the following 4 groups (510–530g, male, N=10/group): C (control, saline iv), AC-200 (acute, 200 ug/kg, 58% whole blood cholinesterase (ChE) inhibition), CH-7 (chronic, 125 ug/hr, 7 days, 60% inhib.), and CH-14 (chronic, 125 ug/hr, 14 days, 56% inhib.). Rats were run (11 m/min, 26°C) to exhaustion. The run times and heating rates (% of control) were: AC-200 - 47, 213%; CH-7 - 60, 157%; CH-14 - 92, 109%. Additionally, ultrastructural changes noted in diaphragms of acutely treated animals were less evident in chronically treated animals. Thus, the decremental effects of acute PH administration on endurance, thermoregulation, and ultrastructure were attenuated with chronic administration at similar levels of ChE inhibition.
Teaching query writing: an informed instruction approach

This paper is intended for those instructors asked to teach an undergraduate introductory class on SQL query writing, which is usually difficult for students to learn. After reading Bruer's Schools for Thought [1], we realized that we need to modify our approach so that it uses informed instruction (instead of traditional instruction) and since have noticed improvements in student performance in SQL query writing.
Research on Rib Stiffener Distribution and Ultimate Strength of Steel Tubular Tower’s K-Joint

The method of calculating K-joint’s ultimate strength given by “Code for design of steel structures” GB 50017-2003 requires that, the angle θ between K-joint’s chord and brace is no less than 30°. While, due to the request of electric gap or transmission line corridor, the angle of steel tubular tower’ K-joint in power transmission line have to be designed less than 30° sometimes. In order to solve the engineer problem, rib stiffener were usually added to K-joint structure. 3 kinds of new rib stiffener to directly-welded K-joint of steel tubular tower were designed, and numerical simulation was made to study the structures’ performance under load and ultimate bearing capacity. With new-designed rib stiffener, K-joint’s stress distribution in weld jointing area, where usually bear stress badly, is improved obviously. Stress concentration is eliminated, and maximum stress is lowered. It is suggested that, in the case of exceeding code’s suggest range, k-joint structure must be reinforced to increase intensity, and the 3 format of rib stiffeners can improve the structure’s stress distribution and ensure the security of the structure.
Comparison and correlation of surface and sphenoidal electrodes with simultaneous intracranial recording: an interictal study

Abstract We prospectively compared and correlated interictal spikes recorded with simulataneous surface, sphenoidal, depth and subdural electrodes in 21 patients. Although the amplitude of sphenoidal spikes was often larger than that of surface spikes in patients with mesial basal temporal ictal and interictal foci, only 1 patient had exclusively sphenoidal spikes. Spikes with maximal amplitude at the sphenoidal electrode arose from mesial temporal, temporal neocortical and orbital frontal foci. An inferior vertical temporal dipole (hippocampal positive and inferior temporal neocortex negative) was associated with surface and sphenoidal spikes.