cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Recent advances in treatment of superficial bladder cancer

Abstract Of the 50,200 new cases of bladder cancer estimated to occur in 1991, about 80 percent will be superficial bladder cancer. Intravesical chemotherapy is useful in treating superficial bladder cancer because it can achieve direct contact with the tumor, decrease tumor implantation, has a cytotoxic effect on residual tumor, can reverse cell progression, is associated with less toxicity than intravenous chemotherapy, and may prevent or delay cystectomy. Its efficacy in patients with superficial bladder cancer depends on identifying those patients at increased risk of recurrence andlor progression. Among the drugs used to treat superficial bladder cancer are chemotherapeutic agents like thiotepa, mitomycin, and doxorubicin, and immunotherapeutic agents like bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). Each of these agents is characterized by its own distinct combination of therapeutic and toxic effects. The results of one Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) trial indicate that BCG is more effective than doxorubicin with respect to tumor eradication and duration of response; the overall three-year survival in patients with carcinoma in situ treated with either agent was about 85 percent. An ongoing SWOG trial in postresection patients is evaluating response and toxicity among patients treated with BCG or mitomycin. New agents currently being investigated for use in this application include intravesical tumor necrosis factor and interferon-α.
Online detection of terminal voltage in Li-ion batteries via battery impulse response

Lithium-ion batteries exhibit high levels of energy and power density among electrochemical batteries. This attribute makes them suitable for being selected as the energy storage system in electric, hybrid electric vehicle, and plug-in vehicles (EV/HEV/PHEV). One of the important issues in automotive batteries is to monitor their online state-of-charge (SOC) and state-of-health (SOH). Open circuit voltage, as one parameter used for predicting the SOC in the battery, is not readily available during charge and discharge cycles. In this paper a new method for prediction of the terminal voltage in Li-ion batteries based on using the impulse response has been proposed. By obtaining the impulse response of the Li-ion battery, one can use the terminal current measurement to predict the output voltage of the battery. Online comparison of the predicted and measured terminal voltage provides a tool for online monitoring of the SOH and SOC.
Kalman filtering for real-time orientation tracking of handheld microsurgical instrument

This paper presents the theory and modeling of a quaternion-based augmented state Kalman filter for real-time orientation tracking of a handheld microsurgical instrument equipped with a magnetometer-aided all-accelerometer inertial measurement unit (IMU). The onboard sensing system provides two complementary sources of orientation information. The all-accelerometer IMU provides a high resolution but drifting angular velocity estimate, while the magnetic north vector is combined with the estimated gravity vector to yield a non-drifting but noisy orientation estimate. Analysis of the dominant stochastic noise components of the sensors and derivation of the noise covariance are presented. The proposed Kalman filter obtains a non-drifting orientation estimate with improved resolution by incorporating the motion dynamics of the instrument during microsurgery and models the angular velocity drift explicitly as extra dynamic states.
Semi-autonomous networks: Network resilience and adaptive trees

This paper examines the dynamics of a networked multi-agent system operating with a consensus-type coordination algorithm that can be influenced by external agents. We refer to this class of networks as semi-autonomous. Within such a class, we consider a network's resilience to the influence of external agents delivering a test signal, namely a Gaussian noise with a given mean. Specifically, we examine the resultant mean and variance of the states of the agents in the network, via metrics dubbed as mean and variance resilience, as well as relate these quantities to circuit-theoretic notions of the network. These metrics are then used to propose adaptive protocols for tree graphs to increase or decrease the mean and variance resilience. Finally, a hybrid protocol is proposed which is shown to have a guaranteed performance using game-theoretic techniques. All protocols involve decentralized edge swaps that can be performed in parallel, asynchronously, and require only local agent information of the graph structure.
Practical Investing: Evaluating Actively Managed Mutual Funds in Relation to their Respective Indexes

In today’s world, every working individual is faced with the enormous goal of preparing for retirement and evaluating the myriad of investment options toward that end. This article analyzes actively managed mutual funds in relation to their respective indexes in an attempt to identify which type of investment may be the best long-term wealth accumulation strategy. Specifically, this study focuses on evaluating an investor’s options in preparing for retirement. The average working individual is not equipped to and/or interested in analyzing investment choices, and this study seeks to provide the everyday investor with tools to make better-informed decisions about retirement investing, based on a 10-year historical analysis of annualized rates of returns for mutual funds and their respective indexes.
Yupik Transitions: Change and Survival at Bering Strait, 1900–1960

This is a beautifully produced, extremely scholarly, yet highly readable work, written by two co-authors who have an intimate knowledge of their topic. The primary focus is the Russian Yupik people...
Thorax — Coronary Arteries

Modalities for imaging the coronary arteries can be divided into noninvasive (radiological or nuclear medicine) and invasive studies (contrast angiography). Noninvasive imaging methods include nuclear medicine studies, such as single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET), sonographic procedures like two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Even though SPET and PET are able to demonstrate perfusion abnormalities of the myocardium, these procedures cannot be used to image the coronary arteries directly and to visualize underlying stenoses. In addition, direct measurements of coronary artery blood flow are not possible.
Nonoperative instrument extraction of retained bile duct stones

Reoperation for removal of retained bile duct stones after cholecystectomy and common duct exploration can now be avoided by the technique of nonoperative instrument extraction of stones through the sinus tract from the indwelling T tube. In our institution, 380 patients underwent this new procedure of nonoperative percutaneous stone extraction from the biliary tract during the past 7 years. The extraction was accomplished in ambulatory patients under fluoroscopic control. It carried a success rate of 95% and only 5% of the patients required a second operation for stone removal. There was a complication rate of about 5%, and there were no bile duct perforations or mortality. When compared to other therapeutic methods for removing retained stones, such as reoperation, choledochoscopic instrumentation, and attempts at chemical stone dissolution, the nonoperative percutaneous method appears to be the procedure of choice. The nonoperative technique is now practiced in at least 100 institutions in the United States, and successful extractions have also been reported from other countries.
Effect of Manure on Maize Tolerance to Western Corn Rootworm(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).

This study evaluated the potential of manure and maize tolerance to serve as alternative management strategies for reducing yield losses in maize, Zea mays (L.), by the western com rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (LeConte). The interactions between manure and 2 maize hybrids and their subsequent effects on the growth and development of maize infested with western com rootworm were investigated in 1992 and 1993. Treatment combinations included 2 maize hybrids (Pioneer hybrid 3733 and Cornell 281), 4 manure rates (0, 45, 90, and 135 MT/ha), and 3 western com rootworm egg densities (1992: 0, 500, 700 eggs per 30.5-cm row; 1993: 0, 400, 800 eggs per 30.5-cm row). All plots received adequate nutrients (supplied by manure, inorganic fertilizer, or both) to satisfy or exceed soil test recommendations. Manure increased plant height, root recovery, and overall silage and grain yields, and decreased early feeding injury and lodging in 1 or both years of the study. However, manure had no effect on final root injury or on silage quality. Effects of manure were seemingly more pronounced in a wetter than average year. Pioneer 3733 had lower root injury ratings at the low western com rootworm density in 1993, equal root recovery, less lodging, and higher silage and grain yields with less loss to western com rootworm than Cornell 281. In both hybrids, manure produced an environmentally induced tolerance by increasing root recovery and in some cases reducing yield losses.
Determination of Tetraalkyllead by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with ICP Detection

Separation et dosage des tetraethyl et tetramethylplumbanes. Analyse d'echantillons d'essence
Efficient Construction of Volar Wrist Splints: A Biomechanical Study Comparing Splints of Different Material, Thickness, and Design

Background: The aim was to test the null hypothesis that splint material, thickness, or longitudinal ridging does not affect the strength of a wrist splint. Methods: Ten splints were made according to each of 7 different splint designs (resulting in 7 groups of 10 splints each). All splints were the same length and were molded to approximate the contour of the volar hand, wrist, and forearm with the wrist in neutral. Three groups consisted of plaster splints of different thicknesses (8, 10, and 12 ply). Three additional groups included splints of the same thicknesses but with a longitudinal ridge. A single group was constructed from prefabricated fiberglass splinting material and did not involve a longitudinal ridge. Five splints in each group were subjected to 3-point bending mimicking flexion of the wrist and 5 were subjected to a 3-point bend mimicking wrist extension. Splints were loaded to failure using a servohydraulic load frame. Analysis of variance was used to compare splints. Results: Among the plaster splints, more layers of material and longitudinal ridging increased splint strength. Ridged 8-ply plaster splints exceeded the strength of nonridged 10-ply plaster splints. Ridged 8-ply plaster splints were similar in strength to fiberglass splints. Conclusions: The 8-ply ridged plaster splints may be a lighter, effective, and cheaper alternative to more common splint designs.
Investigation on seasonal variation of cockroach density indoor in Suzhou urban districts

Objective To investigate the populations density and the seasonal dynamic of the cockroaches indoor in Suzhou urban districts,and analyse the correlation between the density variation and meteorological factors.Methods The cockroach density was survey ed with sticky paper method.The correlation was analysed between the cockroach density and the atmospheric temperature,relative humidity and rainfall with PENS statistic software.Results The peak of cockroach densit y in Suzhou urban districts occurred about in June,and it began to reduce after September.The correlation coefficient (R) between cockroach density and the atmosp heric temperature,relative humidity,rainfall was 0.959 5(P0.01),0.816 8( P0.01)and 0.739 6(P0.01)respectively.Conclusion The cockroach indoor in Suzhou urban districts emerged yearly.The density of cockroach was in close relation with the atmospheric temperature,relative humidity and rainfall.
Aggressive D2 lymphadenectomy is required for accurate pathologic staging of gastric adenocarcinoma.

The therapeutic efficacy of aggressive regional D2 lymphadenectomy as an adjunct to gastrectomy for adenocarcinoma of the stomach remains controversial. It is hypothesized that D2 lymphadenectomy compared with limited D1 lymphadenectomy increases nodal yield without adding to operative morbidity or mortality, and is necessary to allow accurate pathologic staging according to current American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) criteria. A 10-year retrospective review of a consecutive series of 105 gastrectomies for adenocarcinoma at an urban public teaching hospital was performed. Of 69 intended curative gastrectomies, 55 (80%) included D2 lymphadenectomies, whereas of 36 palliative gastrectomies, only 9 (25%) included D2 lymphadenectomies (P = 0.0041). Only D2 and not Dl lymphadenectomy achieved the AJCC minimum guideline of the 15 lymph nodes required for accurate pathologic staging (mean 25.2 vs 12.4 nodes, respectively; P = 0.0001). For D2 cases, 86 per cent had greater than 15 nodes excised compared with only 20 per cent for Dl cases (P = 0.0002). The morbidity and mortality rates for D2 and Dl operations were 22 per cent and 2 per cent, and 41 per cent and 2 per cent, respectively. We conclude that there was no increased morbidity or mortality associated with D2 lymphadenectomy; that reliable harvesting of an adequate number of lymph nodes for accurate AJCC pathologic tumor staging requires D2 lymphadenectomy; and that D2 lymphadenectomy should be performed as part of virtually all gastrectomies for invasive adenocarcinoma having curative intent.
Investigating clinical care pathways correlated with outcomes

Clinical care pathway analysis is the process of discovering how clinical activities impact patients in their care journeys, and uses the discovered knowledge for various applications including the redesign and optimization of clinical pathways. We present an approach for mining clinical care pathways correlated with patient outcomes that involves a combination of clustering, process mining and frequent pattern mining. Our approach is implemented as a set of interactive tools in the business process insight (BPI) platform, a a collaborative software as a service platform, that provides an event-driven process-aware analytics toolset. After interactively utilizing the individual clustering, process mining, and frequent pattern mining capabilities in BPI, users can overlay frequent patterns, ranked according to their correlation with a particular patient outcome, on a mined model of the patient population with that outcome. We have tested our approach for mining care pathways correlated with outcomes on electronic medical record data obtained from a US based healthcare provider on congestive heart failure (CHF) patients. Experimental results show that the tools we have developed and implemented can provide new insights to facilitate the improvement of existing clinical care pathways.
Abstract 891: Dual defects of MDM2/MDMX-p53 pathways cause global metabolic disruption and enhance tumorigenesis

Although recent discoveries have linked the tumor suppressing functions of p53 to its regulation on cellular metabolism, the exact signaling pathways underlying how p53 is activated in response to various metabolism stresses, and how p53 coordinates the systemic metabolism homeostasis and further blocks tumorigenesis remain largely unclear. Previous studies have shown that the mice containing a single knock-in at cysteine residue 305 of MDM2 (MDM2C305F) is defective in ribosomal stress (RS) induced p53 activation and display severe nutrient shortage-induced hepatosteatosis. And very recently we found that in response to metabolic stress (MeS), AMPK directly phosphorylates serine 342 of MDMX, leading to p53 activation, which is defective in MDMX3SA mice harboring a mutant MDMX with S341A, S367A and S402A mutations. In the current study, we want to determine if the dual defects in the MDM2/MDMX-p53 pathways might thoroughly impair p539s ability to regulate metabolic homeostasis and thus favor metabolism-related tumorigenesis, by generating a double knock-in (DKI) MDMX3SA/MDM2C305F mouse line. Our results indicate that DKI mice on normal chow diet exhibit mild, but significant, metabolism abnormalities, including increased body weight, higher fasting-glucose level and impaired glucose tolerance, which is exacerbated by high-fat-diet feeding. Consistently, MEFs isolated from DKI mice possess higher capacity of differentiation into adipocytes, and less beige fat is induced in the subcutaneous white adipose tissue of DKI mice after chronic cold exposure. Furthermore, we observe that the survival rate of DKI mice is significantly lower compared to either control or single knock-in groups, which may be due to the higher morbidity of cancers in DKI mice, including hepatoma, lymphoma and lung carcinoma. Because of these observations, we further specifically investigate if dual defects of these p53 activation pathways will accelerate hepatocellular carcinogenesis or not. We indeed find that treatment of carcinogen DEN causes more and bigger tumor nodules in the liver of DKI mice. These results suggest that both RS-MDM2-p53 and MeS-MDMX-p53 pathways play important roles in regulation of global metabolism, and dual defects of these pathways benefit metabolism-related tumor formation and growth. Further study is required to establish the direct effect of the p53 pathway defects-mediated metabolic disruption on tumorigenesis, and determine the underlying mechanisms. Citation Format: Hua Lu, Yi-wei zhang, Peng Liao, Wenjuan Liao, Jiaxiang Chen, Shelya X. Zeng. Dual defects of MDM2/MDMX-p53 pathways cause global metabolic disruption and enhance tumorigenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 891.
A longitudinal examination of the relationship between sexual sensation seeking and STI-related risk factors among African American females.

Sexual sensation seeking has been correlated with STI-related risk factors in numerous cross sectional studies. However, no current studies have examined whether sexual sensation seeking is longitudinally related to a broad spectrum of STI-related factors such as consistent condom use, number of sexual partners, frequency of partner sexual communication, self-efficacy to refuse sex, and fear of condom negotiation. We explored these relationships over a 12-month period among a sample of 715 African American females attending three STI clinics in Georgia that were recruited into a larger randomized clinic intervention study. Utilizing A-CASI technology to assess all self-reported measures and employing general estimation equations while controlling for age, peer norms, school enrollment and employment, major results indicated that higher sexual sensation seeking predicted lower percent of condom use in the last 14 and 60 days, lower consistent condom use and a higher number of lifetime sexual partners. Addi...
Psychological Entitlement Predicts Failure to Follow Instructions

Six studies examined the relationship between psychological entitlement and not following instructions. In Study 1, more entitled individuals were more likely to ignore instructions about how to fo...
Maximising recovery from aphasia with central and peripheral agraphia: The benefit of sequential treatments

Maximal recovery from acquired language impairment may require progression from one behavioural treatment protocol to the next in order to build upon residual and relearned cognitive-linguistic and sensory-motor processes. We present a five-stage treatment sequence that was initiated at one year post stroke in a woman with acquired impairments of spoken and written language. As is typical of individuals with left perisylvian damage, she demonstrated marked impairment of phonological retrieval and sublexical phonology, but she also faced additional challenges due to impaired letter shape knowledge and visual attention. The treatment sequence included (1) written spelling of targeted words, (2) retraining sublexical sound-to-letter correspondences and phonological manipulation skills, (3) training strategic approaches to maximise interactive use of lexical, phonological, and orthographic knowledge, (4) lexical retrieval of spoken words, and finally (5) sentence-level stimulation to improve grammatical form of written narratives. This Phase II clinical study documented positive direct treatment outcomes along with evidence of a significant reduction in the underlying deficits and generalisation to untrained items and language tasks. Improvements on a comprehensive assessment battery were realised as functional gains in everyday written and spoken communication, including improved lexical retrieval and grammatical complexity of written narratives. This case provides a valuable example of the cumulative therapeutic benefit of sequential application of theoretically motivated treatment protocols.
Hyperglycemia Alters the Structure and Hemodynamics of the Developing Embryonic Heart.

Congenital heart defects (CHDs) represent the most common form of human birth defects; approximately one-third of heart defects involve malformations of the outflow tract (OFT). Maternal diabetes increases the risk of CHD by 3–5 fold. During heart organogenesis, little is known about the effects of hyperglycemia on hemodynamics, which are critical to normal heart development. Heart development prior to septation in the chick embryo was studied under hyperglycemic conditions. Sustained hyperglycemic conditions were induced, raising the average plasma glucose concentration from 70 mg/dL to 180 mg/dL, akin to the fasting plasma glucose of a patient with diabetes. The OFTs were assessed for structural and hemodynamic alterations using optical coherence tomography (OCT), confocal microscopy, and microcomputed tomography. In hyperglycemic embryos, the endocardial cushions of the proximal OFT were asymmetric, and the OFTs curvature and torsion were significantly altered. The blood flow velocity through the OFT of hyperglycemic embryos was significantly decreased, including flow reversal in 30% of the cardiac cycle. Thus, hyperglycemia at the onset of gestation results in asymmetric proximal endocardial cushions, abnormal OFT curvature, and altered hemodynamics in the developing heart. If present in humans, these results may identify early developmental alterations that contribute to the increased risk for cardiac malformations in babies from diabetic mothers.
Musical trends and predictability of success in contemporary songs in and out of the top charts

We analyse more than 500 000 songs released in the UK between 1985 and 2015 to understand the dynamics of success (defined as 'making it' into the top charts), correlate success with acoustic features and explore the predictability of success. Several multi-decadal trends have been uncovered. For example, there is a clear downward trend in 'happiness' and 'brightness', as well as a slight upward trend in 'sadness'. Furthermore, songs are becoming less 'male'. Interestingly, successful songs exhibit their own distinct dynamics. In particular, they tend to be 'happier', more 'party-like', less 'relaxed' and more 'female' than most. The difference between successful and average songs is not straightforward. In the context of some features, successful songs pre-empt the dynamics of all songs, and in others they tend to reflect the past. We used random forests to predict the success of songs, first based on their acoustic features, and then adding the 'superstar' variable (informing us whether the song's artist had appeared in the top charts in the near past). This allowed quantification of the contribution of purely musical characteristics in the songs' success, and suggested the time scale of fashion dynamics in popular music.
Cryptocurrency adoption and the road to regulation

Blockchain technology is the underlying enabling technology developed for Bitcoin, the most common cryptocurrency. Blockchain technologies have become increasingly popular with the potential to become a powerful disruptive force. Individuals and organizations may benefit from blockchain with its ability to increase secure data exchange and to make that transaction simpler and easier between entities. We investigate factors that influence an individual's intention to use a blockchain cryptocurrency. We develop a model of cryptocurrency adoption grounded in the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to: identify the determinants for the acceptance of cryptocurrency and explore the relative importance of each construct. We offer empirical evidence for a better theoretical understanding of cryptocurrency adoption with practical implications in an e-government context.
Multicentric breast carcinoma.

Separate deposits of carcinoma in the breast and the occurrence of distinctly different histologic types of carcinoma in the same breast have been recognized in 13%–75% of women with breast carcinoma (Cheatle and Cutler 1931; Egan et al. 1969; Egan 1970, 1982; Gallager and Martin 1969; Lagios 1977; Tellem et al. 1962; Morgenstern et al. 1975). Criteria for these categories have not been uniform, e.g., Lagios contends that a 3-cm distance between deposits is necessary for the sites separate to be considered as while Cheatle regards only a band of normal tissue, with no distance specified, between sites as being adequate. Most previous studies have relied on gross and microscopic examinations to establish multiple sites of carcinoma in the breast.
Erratum to: RNA-Seq and Expression Arrays: Selection Guidelines for Genome-Wide Expression Profiling

The original version of the book was inadvertently published with incorrect spelling of the author name "Qiuchen Guo" corrections. The author name has now been corrected and approved by the author.
Hierarchically Ordered Two-Dimensional Coordination Polymers Assembled from Redox-Active Dimolybdenum Clusters

Coordination polymers (CPs) supporting tunable through-framework conduction and responsive properties are of significant interest for enabling a new generation of active devices. However, such architectures are rare. We report a redox-active CP composed of two-dimensional (2D) lattices of coordinatively bonded Mo2(INA)4 clusters (INA = isonicotinate). The 2D lattices are commensurately stacked and their ordering topology can be synthetically tuned. The material has a hierarchical pore structure (pore sizes distributed between 7 and 33 A) and exhibits unique CO2 adsorption (nominally Type VI) for an isotherm collected at 195 K. Furthermore, cyclic voltammetry and electrokinetic analyses identify a quasi-reversible feature at E1/2 = −1.275 V versus ferrocene/ferrocenium that can be ascribed to the [Mo2(INA)4]0/–1 redox couple, with an associated standard heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant ks = 1.49 s–1. The tunable structure, porosity, and redox activity of our material may render it a promising ...
γδ T Cells in Antimalarial Immunity: New Insights Into Their Diverse Functions in Protection and Tolerance

Uniquely expressing diverse innate-like and adaptive-like functions, γδ T cells exist as specialized subsets, but are also able to adapt in response to environmental cues. These cells have long been known to rapidly proliferate following primary malaria infection in humans and mice, but exciting new work is shedding light into their diverse functions in protection and following repeated malaria infection. In this review, we examine the current knowledge of functional specialization of γδ T cells in malaria, and the mechanisms dictating recognition of malaria parasites and resulting proliferation. We discuss γδ T cell plasticity, including changing interactions with other immune cells during recurrent infection and potential for immunological memory in response to repeated stimulation. Building on recent insights from human and murine experimental studies and vaccine trials, we propose areas for future research, as well as applications for therapeutic development.
Stoichiometric Control over Ferroic Behavior in Ba(Ti1–xFex)O3 Nanocrystals

Ba(Ti,Fe)O3 is a useful system for the exploration of multiferroic properties as a function of composition and variation in structure, based upon a model of intersubstitution of the B site cation. ...
The Tensions of Transparency in Urban and Environmental Planning

Government transparency is generally uncontroversial, intuitively appealing, and held to be a cornerstone of planning practice. This article systematically reviews planning scholars’ treatment of g...
Likelihood Rate Based Estimation of Nonstationary Markov Models

Although Markov models are widely used and researched, improving their capability to guarantee optimal performance in real world processes relies on perfect state inference amidst non-stationarity. This paper develops a novel estimation technique to capture non-stationarity in Markov sequences induced by switching transition probability matrices (TPMs). We introduce the concept of likelihood rate to establish existence of non-stationarity and to detect and estimate multiple TPMs. We layer another Markov chain to model switches between the estimated transition probability matrices resulting in Layered Non-stationary Markov Models (LNMM). We present a novel non-parametric estimation process that evaluates multiple priors and performs Bayesian update of a prior with highest likelihood rate. Our experiments on synthetic and honey bee dance dataset shows that the inference using LNMM is two times more accurate than the existing unsupervised learning methods while being computationally efficient, validating it as a highly expressive model for non-stationary Markov sequences.
Roles of Spliced and Unspliced XBP1 in Breast Cancer

XBP1 is a critical determinant of several outcomes following activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). This UPR gene is initially transcribed as an unspliced mRNA but can subsequently be spliced by the endoribonuclease activity of IRE1α induced by activation of GRP78 in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress. Both the unspliced (XBP1-U) and spliced (XBP1-S) mRNAs are translated into proteins. XBP1-U, which cannot function as a transcription factor, can act as a dominant negative regulator of XBP1-S. In contrast, the frameshift produced by the removal of 26 bp intron from an already matured XBP1 mRNA, produces a transcription factor (XBP1-S). This chapter discusses the regulation and unconventional splicing of XBP1 and the roles of both the unspliced and spliced proteins in breast cancer, with a focus on those breast cancers expressing the estrogen receptor.
New generic evolution for k -essence dark energy with w ≈-1

We reexamine $k$-essence dark energy models with a scalar field $\ensuremath{\phi}$ and a factorized Lagrangian, $\mathcal{L}=V(\ensuremath{\phi})F(X)$, with $X=\frac{1}{2}{\ensuremath{\nabla}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}\ensuremath{\phi}{\ensuremath{\nabla}}^{\ensuremath{\mu}}\ensuremath{\phi}$. A value of the equation of state parameter, $w$, near $\ensuremath{-}1$ requires either $X\ensuremath{\approx}0$ or $dF/dX\ensuremath{\approx}0$. Previous work showed that thawing models with $X\ensuremath{\approx}0$ evolve along a set of unique trajectories for $w(a)$, while those with $dF/dX\ensuremath{\approx}0$ can result in a variety of different forms for $w(a)$. We show that if $dV/d\ensuremath{\phi}$ is small and $(1/V)(dV/d\ensuremath{\phi})$ is roughly constant, then the latter models also converge toward a single unique set of behaviors for $w(a)$, different from those with $X\ensuremath{\approx}0$. We derive the functional form for $w(a)$ in this case, determine the conditions on $V(\ensuremath{\phi})$ for which it applies, and present observational constraints on this new class of models. We note that $k$-essence models with $dF/dX\ensuremath{\approx}0$ correspond to a dark energy sound speed ${c}_{s}^{2}\ensuremath{\approx}0$.
On the Differentiability of Weak Solutions of an Abstract Evolution Equation with a Scalar Type Spectral Operator on the Real Axis

Given the abstract evolution equation , with scalar type spectral operator in a complex Banach space, found are conditions necessary and sufficient for all weak solutions of the equation, which a priori need not be strongly differentiable, to be strongly infinite differentiable on . The important case of the equation with a normal operator in a complex Hilbert space is obtained immediately as a particular case. Also, proved is the following inherent smoothness improvement effect explaining why the case of the strong finite differentiability of the weak solutions is superfluous: if every weak solution of the equation is strongly differentiable at , then all of them are strongly infinite differentiable on .
Set it and Forget it: Diaphyseal Fractures of the Humerus Undergo Minimal Change in Angulation After Functional Brace Application.

Objectives To quantify radiographic changes observed in humeral shaft frctures throughout course of treatment with functional bracing. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Level 1 Trauma Center and affiliated Tertiary Care Center. Patients 72 retrospectively identified patients with fracture of the humeral diaphysis. Intervention Application of functional brace with radiographs obtained immediately after brace application and at 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and 12 month follow-up.Main Outcome Measure: Fracture angulation, measured in the coronal and sagittal planes. Results 522 radiographs from 72 patients were critically reviewed. All fractures were followed to healing. Sixty-six patients (92%) successfully healed their fractures with non-operative treatment. The average angulation on immediate post-brace X-ray was 12 degrees varus ad 7 degrees procurvatum. At final follow-up, average coronal angulation was 14 degrees and 4 degrees procurvatum. Fracture angulation changed a mean 2 degrees in the AP plane and 3 degrees in the sagittal plane over the course of care. Linear regression determined fracture angulation proceeds toward both varus and recurvatum at 0.01 degrees per day. Conclusion Humeral shaft fractures treated non-operatively heal with minimal change in angulation after brace application. If angulation on the post-brace radiograph is acceptable and there is no history of repeat trauma and no cosmetic deformity, radiographs may be utilized less frequently. Patients should be evaluated via history and physical exam at follow-up prior to the 6-week point, at which time regular radiographs (6 week, 3 month, 6 month, 12 month) should commence.
2,3-Di­ethyl­benzo[g]quinoxaline

The title compound, C16H16N2, was synthesized by dispersing 3,4-hexa­nedione in a methanol–water solution containing the acid catalyst NH4HF2, then adding 1,2-di­aminona­phthalene. The fused-ring system of the title compound is close to planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.028 A); one of the pendant methyl C atoms lies close to the ring plane [deviation = 0.071 (2) A; N—C—C—C = −0.27 (18)°] whereas the other is significantly displaced [–1.7136 (18) A; 91.64 (16)°]. The mol­ecules pack in space group I\overline{4} in a distinctive criss-cross motif supported by numerous aromatic π–π stacking inter­actions [shortest centroid–centroid separation = 3.5805 (6) A].
Cohesive Energy, Spectroscopic, and Magnetic Properties of Small Clusters

Applications of the self-consistent one-electron local density theory are described within the molecular orbital framework. The discrete variational method is used to determine cohesive energy, spectroscopic, and magnetic properties. We discuss data representative of recent progress in three areas: size effects in small metal particles, magnetic impurities in transition metal hosts, and the effects of hydrogen (or muon) impurities in transition metals.
The Armenians of Los Angeles: Rethinking “Americanization”

The existing scholarship typically measures “Americanization” along structural lines—such as knowledge of public policies, percentage of life spent in the U.S., or proficiency in the English langua...
Fake News in Context

Fake News in Context defines fake news and sets it within a historical and international context. Helping readers to become more skilled at detecting misinformation, the book also demonstrates how such knowledge can be leveraged to facilitate more effective engagement in civic education. Distinguishing between fake news and other forms of misinformation, the book explains the complete communication cycle of fake news: how and why it is created, disseminated and accessed. The book then explains the physical and psychological reasons why people believe fake news. Providing generic methods for identifying fake news, Farmer also explains the use of fact- checking tools and automated algorithms. The book then details how various literacies, including news, media, visual, information, digital and data, offer unique concepts and skills that can help interpret fake news. Arguing that individuals and groups can respond and counter fake news, which leads to civic engagement and digital citizenship, the book concludes by providing strategies for instruction and tips for collaborating with librarians. Including a range of international examples, Fake News in Context will be of interest to teaching faculty, and students of library and information science, communication studies, media studies, politics and journalism. Librarians and information professionals will also find a valuable resource in this book.
Adaptive sampling assisted surrogate modeling of initial failure envelopes of composite structures

Abstract Composite structures are increasingly analyzed in a multiscale way, where lower scale structures are homogenized and effective properties such as structural stiffness are passed to upper scales. However, strength properties are rarely treated this way to construct a complete failure envelope for the structural element. In this work, we propose to use the Gaussian process to approximate the overall shape of the initial failure envelope in the space of sectional forces and moments of composite beam cross-sections. Tsai-Wu failure criterion is used for the strength analysis at the material level and strength ratio is used as the output to be fitted. To better select training data without guessing and reduce the number of samples, adaptive sampling technique is used. Predicted variance scaled by predicted mean is used as the measure of the score to select the most promising point as the new sample for the next training iteration. Two sets of numerical examples are provided to demonstrate and test the proposed method.
Characteristics of Parkinson's Disease in Patients with and without Cognitive Impairment.

BACKGROUND Characterizing patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and cognitive impairment is important toward understanding their natural history. OBJECTIVE Understand clinical, treatment, and cost characteristics of patients with PD pre- and post-cognitive impairment (memory loss/mild cognitive impairment/dementia or dementia treatment) recognition. METHODS 2,711 patients with PD newly diagnosed with cognitive impairment (index) were identified using administrative claims data. They were matched (1:1) on age and gender to patients with PD and no cognitive impairment (controls). These two cohorts were compared on patient characteristics, healthcare resource utilization, and total median costs for 3 years pre- and post-index using Chi-square tests, t-tests, and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. Logistic regression was used to identify factors predicting cognitive impairment. RESULTS Comorbidity indices for patients with cognitive impairment increased during the 6-year study period, especially after the index. Enrollment in Medicare Advantage Prescription Drug plans vs. commercial (OR = 1.60), dual Medicare/Medicaid eligibility (OR = 1.36), cerebrovascular disease (OR = 1.24), and PD medication use (OR = 1.46) were associated with a new cognitive impairment diagnosis (all p < 0.05). A greater proportion of patients with cognitive impairment had hospitalizations and emergency department visits and higher median total healthcare costs than controls for each year pre- and post-index. CONCLUSION In patients with PD newly diagnosed with cognitive impairment, comorbidity burden, hospitalizations, emergency department visits, and total costs peaked 1-year pre- and post-identification. These data coupled with recommendations for annual screening for cognitive impairment in PD support the early diagnosis and management of cognitive impairment in order to optimize care for patients and their caregivers.
Examining Parents Perception on Elementary School Children Digital Safety

Children are exposed to digital devices at an early age. This study examines parents’ perception of student digital safety on technology use, time spent, parent concerns and knowledge on various di...
Phase II Study of Maintenance Rucaparib in Patients With Platinum-Sensitive Advanced Pancreatic Cancer and a Pathogenic Germline or Somatic Variant in BRCA1, BRCA2, or PALB2.

PURPOSEOlaparib, a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor (PARPi), is approved as maintenance therapy for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer (PC) and a germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 pathogen...
Abstract P208: The Differential Impact Of Residential Segregation On Gestational Hypertension Development Among Minority Women

Introduction: Higher levels of residential segregation have been associated with poorer cardiometabolic health profiles among women. Still, it remains unclear whether segregation may differentially...
Aggression in the Digital Era: Assessing the Validity of the Cyber Motivations for Aggression and Deviance Scale:

Empirical studies of adult cyber-aggression are sparse, partly due to a lack of validated assessments. We evaluated a new measure, the Cyber Motivations for Aggression and Deviance (Cyber-MAD) scal...
Making 'Explicit Authority' Explicit: Deciphering Wis. Act 21's Prescriptions for Agency Rulemaking Authority

2011 Wisconsin Act 21 modified the Wisconsin Administrative Procedure Act to introduce legislative and gubernatorial accountability in agency rulemaking, prohibit agencies from promulgating and enforcing rules that are more restrictive than the regulatory standards provided for by the Legislature, and redefine agency rulemaking authority. While most of Act 21’s provisions implement straightforward procedural requirements, two of its provisions work together to create an entirely new regime for agency rulemaking authority in Wisconsin. The first, WIS. STAT. § 227.10(2m) limits rulemaking authority to implement or enforce any regulatory “standard, requirement, or threshold” to regulatory standards already “explicitly required or explicitly permitted by statute.” The second, § 227.11(2)(a), designates several types of statutory clauses that fail to confer such rulemaking authority. Together, these two changes threaten to pull the rug out from under agencies in their attempts to defend the validity of their rules because these changes target the very basis for rulemaking authority on which agencies had grown most comfortable relying. Considerable debate as to the true scope of Act 21’s implications for rulemaking authority followed its enactment and remains to this day. Since no precedential Wisconsin court decision addresses Act 21’s prescriptions for rulemaking authority, agencies, legislators, and the regulated community are left to simply guess at to its meaning and impact on agencies. This Comment analyzes constitutional principles comprising the administrative law landscape in Wisconsin, Act 21’s legislative history, and the text of the Act to determine that these provisions work together to create an “explicit authority” requirement that will bring the focus of analyzing agency rulemaking authority back to legislative intent—where it should have been the whole time. Ultimately, Act 21’s prescriptions for rulemaking authority align precisely with the constitutional principles that underlie all Wisconsin administrative law because they clarify what a proper legislative delegation of authority looks like. Therefore, although Act 21 brought about dramatic change in the sense that it demands courts undertake a particular analysis of rulemaking authority, drastically different than that which they had grown accustomed to applying, it does no more than restate the constitutional principles that should have controlled the whole time.
REMOVAL OF A BULLET FROM THE RIGHT INFRATEMPORAL FOSSA; REPORT OF A CASE.

C onverse,l in 1945, stated that the treatment of gunshot wounds of the jaw may be divided into three distinct periods : Phase I (period of emergency care), Phase II (period of prercconstruction), and Phase III (period of final reconstruction). Phase I, the most critical for the patient, extends from the time of injury to 1 or 2 days after injury. Signs and symptoms of shock, asphyxia, severe blood loss, pain, and mental depression arc often observed. It is imperative that the patient’s physiologic needs be evaluated thoroughly and that emergency care be administered promptly. The wound is cleansed b;v the removal of small devitalized tags of tissue, loose detached bone fragments, and visible foreign bodies. Immobilization of the remaining fragments of bone by simple means is of great importance for the patient’s comfort. During Phase II, treatment consists of extraction of teeth in the line of fracture, removal of deeply located foreign bodies, securing of a definitive means of immobilizing fractured bones, and control of wound infection with antibiotics and irrigation. Phase III is the final reconstructive period. Heconstructive surgical procedures are simplified by the provision of adequate treatment during the earlier phases. The objectives of Phase III are to correct t.he deformity produced by loss of tissue and to establish adequate function of the jaws. Such reconstruction
Ethnobiology as a Bridge between Science and Ethics: An Applied Paleozoological Perspective

Department of Geography, Center for Environmental Archaeology, Institute of Applied Sciences,University of North Texas, Denton, TXAPPLIED PALEOZOOLOGY 117SCALES FOR RESTORATION AND CONSERVATION 117ANALYTICAL METHODS 118WHITE-TAILED DEER OVERABUNDANCE IN CENTRAL TEXAS 119BLACK BEARS IN MISSOURI 121LATE HOLOCENE FRESHWATER MUSSEL BIOGEOGRAPHY IN NORTH TEXAS 124THE BIOGEOGRAPHIC POTENTIAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL ORGANIC RESIDUES 126DISCUSSION 127CONCLUSION 129ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 129REFERENCES 129
A Persian Alice in Disability Literature Wonderland: Disability Studies in Iran

Exploring major requisites to establish an Iranian disability studies, the aim of this study is to determine how a local literature of disability can be formed in Iran, as well as how the Iranian and global disability studies might interchange disability knowledge. In an analysis of the responses to a qualitative questionnaire, three themes emerged: rudimentary resources, disability literature, and political prerequisites. Accordingly, human and financial resources, a bank of Farsi and English literature on disability, as well as developing academic relations between Iranian and international disability scholars (as an outcome of improving the Iran-USA political affairs) are essential to form a local disability studies in Iran and to engage it in the global discussions of disability studies. Keywords: disability, global disability studies, Iran