cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cell patterning without chemical surface modification: Cell-cell interactions between printed bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) on a homogeneous cell-adherent hydrogel

Abstract Cell printing offers the unique ability to directly deposit one or multiple cell types directly onto a surface without the need to chemically pre-treat the surface with lithographic methods. We utilize biological laser printing (BioLP ™ ) to form patterns of bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) onto a homogeneous cell adherent hydrogel surface. These normal cells are shown to retain near-100% viability post-printing. In order to determine whether BAECs encountered shear and/or heat stress during printing, immunocytochemical staining experiments were performed to detect potential expression of heat shock proteins (HSP) by the deposited cells. Printed BAECs expressed HSP at levels similar to negative control cells, indicating that the BioLP process does not expose cells to damaging levels of stress. However, HSP expression was slightly higher at the highest laser energy studied, suggesting more stress was present under these extreme conditions. Printed BAECs also showed preferential asymmetric growth and migration towards each other and away from the originally printed pattern, demonstrating a retained ability for the cells to communicate post-printing.
An Autoanalytical Method for the Estimation of Adrenaline and Noradrenaline

THE Technicon autoanalyser (Technicon, Ltd., Chertsey, Surrey), in combination with a fluorimeter (The Locarte Co., Ltd., London), has been adapted for the estimation of adrenaline and noradrenaline by a modification of a trihydroxyindole method1. The technique has been mainly applied to the analysis of blood and tissue extracts after initial purification by adsorption on alumina and elution with dilute acetic acid.
Recall of flashed capitalized video print: A study of prelingually deaf science and engineering college students

The author hypothesized that flashing target prepositions and verb inflections would result in greater recall of passages presented on a video screen. Thirty-four prelingually deaf freshmen were shown two passages on a video screen in a crossed-cell experiment. Eighteen students saw target prepositions and verb inflections flashed in capitals in a lesson on Newton but not in a lesson on Roemer. Sixteen students saw target prepositions and verb inflections flashed in capitals in the lesson on Roemer but not in the lesson on Newton. No statistically significant difference was shown between the groups of students nor between the two lessons. Students obtained scores of 97% on the targets when they were flashed in capitals and only 83% when not flashed (p<;0.0005).
Evidence of conformational changes in oil molecules with protein aggregation and conformational changes at oil-'protein solution' interface.

Abstract Time-dependent conformational changes of proteins and oil molecules at oil–‘protein solution’ interface were studied using ATR (Attenuated Total Reflection)-FTIR spectroscopic technique for the case of Bacillus subtilis extracellular proteins (BSEPs) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) in hexane–‘protein solution’ system. The IR spectra collected on the protein aggregate – film – formed at the hexane–‘protein solution’ interface demonstrated time-dependent conformational changes of the proteins through changes in the shapes and positions of the H2O–‘amide I’ cross peaks and the amide II peaks as a function of time (0–90th minute). Hexane–protein intermolecular association in the film was evident as the CH stretching vibration peaks of hexane were present along with the amide peaks in all the spectra collected over a period of 90 min. Conformational changes of the hexane molecules, along with that of the proteins, were observed via variations (broadening and red/blue shifts) in the CH stretching vibration peaks of the CH3 and the CH2 groups of hexane. The red/blue shifts of the CH stretching vibration peaks of hexane were different with BSEPs and BSA, further indicating that the conformational changes of hexane molecules being protein specific. As similar to the protein types considered here, at oil–‘protein solution’ interfaces, conformational changes of the oil molecules appear to be a regular phenomenon.
Thallium-205 NMR spectroscopy. Solvation of the thallous ion in dilute aqueous-amide and amide-amide binary solvent systems of formamide,N-methylformamide, andN-ethylformamide

Solvation of the thallous ion in dilute solutions of six binary solvent systems (formamide/water,N-methylformamide/water,N-ethylformamide/water, formamide/N-methylformamide, formamide/N-ethylformamide, andN-methylformamide/N-ethylformamide) was studied with205Tl NMR spectroscopy. An attempt was made to separate solvation effects related to the electrondonating ability (Lewis basicity) of the solvents from effects resulting from structural changes in the solvation sphere. Structural effects were found to be greatest in theN-methylformamide/water system and least in theN-methylformamide/formamide system.
Novel structures enabling bulk switching in carbon nanotube FETs

In order to alleviate the disadvantages associated with Schottky barriers in CNFETs, it is necessary to design CNFETs with bulk switching properties meaning that the bulk portion of the nanotube rather than the interface controls the CNFET characteristics. Here we present the first self-aligned bulk-switched CNFET that operates in the enhancement mode with a p-i-p (or n-i-n) doping profile along the tube. With our novel approach, we successfully fabricated CNFETs with excellent switching (S/spl sim/63 mV/dec), the smallest value reported for CNFETs so far, and very good performance in terms of their drain-induced-barrier-lowering (DIBL)-like behavior.
The effects of IQPLUS Focus on cognitive function, mood and endocrine response before and following acute exercise

Background Phosphatidylserine (PS) is a phospholipid found in cell membranes of most animals and plants. PS has been shown to reduce stress and increase performance in runners, cyclists and golfers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a PS containing formulation on cognitive function, mood and endocrine response before and after intense resistance exercise.
Neural Correlates of Motor Learning, Transfer of Learning, and Learning to Learn

Recent studies on the neural bases of sensorimotor adaptation demonstrate that the cerebellar and striatal thalamocortical pathways contribute to early learning. Transfer of learning involves a reduction in the contribution of early learning networks and increased reliance on the cerebellum. The neural correlates of learning to learn remain to be determined but likely involve enhanced functioning of the general aspects of early learning.
A Spatial Modeling Approach to Predicting the Secondary Spread of Invasive Species Due to Ballast Water Discharge

Ballast water in ships is an important contributor to the secondary spread of invasive species in the Laurentian Great Lakes. Here, we use a model previously created to determine the role ballast water management has played in the secondary spread of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) to identify the future spread of one current and two potential invasive species in the Great Lakes, the Eurasian Ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus), killer shrimp (Dikerogammarus villosus), and golden mussel (Limnoperna fortunei), respectively. Model predictions for Eurasian Ruffe have been used to direct surveillance efforts within the Great Lakes and DNA evidence of ruffe presence was recently reported from one of three high risk port localities identified by our model. Predictions made for killer shrimp and golden mussel suggest that these two species have the potential to become rapidly widespread if introduced to the Great Lakes, reinforcing the need for proactive ballast water management. The model used here is flexible enough to be applied to any species capable of being spread by ballast water in marine or freshwater ecosystems.
A new tool: the same dilemma.

THE NEED FOR ROUTINE pre- and postoperative assessment of vocal cord function in patients undergoing thyroidectomy remains a question of strongly held conviction and conflicting data. Some experienced endocrine surgeons argue passionately in favor of routine laryngoscopy (either indirect or fiberoptic), 1,2 whereasothersadvocateamoreselective approach. 3 In a recent survey of American Association of Endocrine Surgeons members, the majority of respondents, most of whom are highvolume surgeons in academic practices, did not feel that routine preoperative laryngoscopy was appropriate in all patients. Rather, they perform vocal cord assessment for specific indications such as hoarseness, previous surgery, or advanced cancers. Similarly, most perform postoperative laryngoscopy only for persistent hoarseness. The American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery has published a Clinical Practice Guideline entitled ‘‘Improving Voice Outcomes afterThyroidSurgery.’’ 4 Theyrecommendthatpreoperative laryngoscopy be performed in patients with an impaired voice, thyroid cancer with extrathyroidal extension, or previous surgery jeopardizing the recurrent laryngeal or vagus nerve, and postoperatively, that laryngoscopy be performed in patients with voice changes. In the discussion of these statements, however, the authors emphasize that their preference is to perform routine laryngoscopy both pre- and postoperatively on all patients undergoing thyroidectomy, but they acknowledge that thereisinsufficientevidenceintheliteraturetosupport such a strong recommendation. Hoarseness and vocal cord paralysis in a patient with a thyroid nodule has long been considered a sign of advanced thyroid cancer. Randolph and Kamani 2 demonstrated that 71% of 21 patients with far advanced thyroid cancers presented with cord paralysis and noted that 67% of them had normal voices. In the remaining 344 patients, 33% of whom had thyroid cancer, only 1 patient (0.3%) who had a massive substernal goiter was found to have vocal cord paralysis. Schlosser et al 5 made a similar observation. Among 526 patients who underwent initial thyroidectomy for benign disease, only 3 patients (0.6%) were found to have vocal cord paralysis, and all 3 had huge goiters. Among 179 patients undergoing initial surgery for thyroid cancer, only 4 (2%) had vocal cord paralysis, and all were noted to be hoarse. Other studies demonstrate that about one third of patients with preoperative vocal cord paralysis are asymptomatic. 6 Transient, unilateral vocal cord paralysis occurs in $4% of patients after thyroidectomy. 7 Cord mobility returns to normal in most of these patients within 6 months. 7,8
A new proof of the locality of R

We give a simple proof of a wreath product decomposition for locally ℛ-trivial finite categories. As immediate consequences we obtain two classic results of Stiffler on the decomposition of ℛ-trivial monoids and locally ℛ-trivial semigroups. A small modification of the argument provides a new proof of a recent theorem of Bojanczyk, Straubing and Walukiewicz on the decomposition of forest algebras.
Analysis of Decision-Feedback Based Broadband OFDM Systems

In wireless communications, about 25% of the bandwidth is dedicated to training symbols for channel estimation. By using a semi-blind approach, the training sequence length can be reduced while improving performance. The principle is as follows: the detected symbols (hard decision) are fed back to the channel estimator in order to re-estimate the channel more accurately. However, semi-blind approach can significantly deteriorate the performance if the bit error rate is high. In this paper, we propose to determine analytically the minimum signal to noise ratio (SNR) from which a semi-blind method starts to outperform a training sequence based only system
Effect of nitrogen fertilization or urea supplementation upon the digestibility of grass hays.

Summary The addition of at least 200 lb. of nitrogen per acre to bromegrass and orchardgrass increased the crude protein, TDN, and gross energy above that of the bromegrass and orchardgrass fertilized with no more than 25 lb. of nitrogen per acre. This high rate of application also significantly increased the apparent digestion coefficients of protein and energy of the bromegrass and orchardgrass rations above those of the low-N rations. The apparent digestion coefficients of fiber of the grasses were significantly increased above those of the comparison roughage alfalfa. These hays were fed to dairy heifers during two digestion trials. The addition of 15 g. of urea per pound of orchardgrass hay which was not fertilized with nitrogen resulted in the low-N hay having a protein equivalent equal to the protein content of the high-N hay. The apparent digestion coefficients of the protein and fiber, and TDN of the low-N-plus-urea ration were not only significantly greater than the low-N ration but were significantly greater than the high-N and alfalfa rations. The application of nitrogen as a fertilizer to bromegrass, or as a feed component in the form of urea to orchardgrass hay, increased the apparent digestion coefficients of protein and fiber, and the TDN of the hay rations.
ETHYLNITROSOUREA MUTAGENESIS AND THE ISOLATION OF MUTANT ALLELES FOR SPECIFIC GENES LOCATED IN THE t REGION OF MOUSE CHROMOSOME 17

Ethylnitrosourea mutagenesis of spermatogonia in male mice is very efficient and makes it practical to isolate new desired mutant alleles by subsequent progeny screening. This is demonstrated for three genes in the t region of chromosome 17. The first, a mutation designated t-int, interacts with the dominant mutation, T (Brachyury), to produce a tailless mouse. Previously, mutant alleles of the t-int gene were available only in t haplotypes, where they are part of a t chromatin block within which recombination with wild-type chromosomes is inhibited. In addition to t-int, new mutations at the quaking and tufted loci were obtained, as well as at several loci not on chromosome 17, e.g., an X-linked lethal that causes a mottled phenotype in the heterozygote and four new mutant W alleles on chromosome 5. In the experiment, an average of one fertilizing spermatozoan in 1500 was mutant at a given locus and an average of one male in five was able to sire mutants at that locus.
Postprandial Lipoprotein Changes in Patients Taking Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV Infection

Objective— Dyslipidemia is common among patients receiving antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection. The purpose of this study was to determine whether postprandial lipemia contributes to the dyslipidemia observed in HIV-positive patients taking antiretroviral therapy. Methods and Results— A standardized fat load was administered to 65 subjects (group 1 35 HIV-positive subjects receiving protease inhibitors [PIs]; group 2 20 HIV-positive subjects not receiving PIs; group 3 10 HIV-negative controls). Serum triglycerides, retinyl palmitate, and lipoproteins were measured using enzymatic and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic techniques. Compared with HIV-negative controls, peak postprandial retinyl palmitate and large very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels occurred later in both HIV-positive groups, and a delayed decrease in serum triglycerides was observed. However, postprandial areas under the curve (AUCs) for triglycerides, retinyl palmitate, chylomicrons, and large VLDL were similar. Postprandial AUCs for intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDLs) and low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) were higher in group 1 than groups 2 and 3 (all P Conclusions— Postprandial clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins is delayed in HIV-positive individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy. Compared with HIV-positive individuals not on PIs, those taking PIs do not have increased postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoproteins but do have increased postprandial IDLs and LDLs.
An Internet delivered course: intellectual property law for engineers and scientists

Practically every engineering and science student must someday come face to face with the intellectual property laws that grant exclusive rights in inventions and creative works. However, the engineering and science school curriculums in a majority of our technology education institutions are conspicuously void of courses directed to this important subject. To address this situation, an Internet based course titled "intellectual property law for engineers" has been created and presented for several years at the College of Engineering at the University of Illinois at Chicago. The substantive material of the course can be properly presented by a series of Internet audio lectures that maintain the interest of the students. Student questions and comments are handled by e-mail and synchronous chat room sessions are available with all students participating.
Office Counseling for the Adolescent

Primary care physicians specialize in providing comprehensive health care to their adolescent patients; this includes the provision of counseling services for anticipatory guidance, prevention, reduction of risk behaviors, crisis intervention, medication and medical regimen compliance, and supportive interventions [1]. Therefore, it is essential that family medicine physicians learn to counsel their adolescent patients appropriately and effectively. The primary form of counseling used is anticipatory guidance. Issues covered under anticipatory guidance have already been addressed by The American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) in its published materials for physicians [2]. These guidelines cover topics that are identified as essential information to be addressed as part of a resident family medicine physician’s acquisition of diagnostic and management knowledge skills essential for delivering comprehensive health care to adolescent patients. The AAFP collaborated with the Society for Adolescent Medicine, Association of Departments of Family Medicine, Association of Family Practice Residency Directors, and Society of Teachers of Family Medicine to develop a set of teaching guidelines to help residents tailor their learning regarding meeting the health care needs of adolescents (Box 1). The guidelines do not address the ‘‘how to’’ or techniques that resident physicians need to know to address the topics given under the guidelines, however, nor do they tell the physician how to deliver counseling to adolescent patients in the context of the ‘‘office visit.’’ This article focuses on helping family medicine physicians to understand (1) the stages of adolescent development and which aspects of adolescent
Field‐scale potassium and phosphorus fluxes in the bioenergy crop switchgrass: Theoretical energy yields and management implications

Our understanding of how mineral nutrition affects productivity and composition of bioenergy crops grown on marginal lands remains fragmented and incomplete despite world-wide interest in using herbaceous biomass as an energy feedstock. Our aim was to determine switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) biomass production and maize (Zea mays L.) grain yield on marginal soils used previously to evaluate the effect of soil phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertility on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) forage production. Grain yield of maize was reduced on P- and/or K-limited plots that also impaired alfalfa forage yield, whereas switchgrass biomass yields were high even in plots possessing very low available P (4 mg kg–1) and K (< 70 mg kg–1) levels. Linear-plateau regression models effectively described the relationship of soil test P and K to tissue P and K concentrations, and tissue P and K concentrations accurately predicted removal of P and K in harvest biomass. However, neither soil-test P and K, nor tissue P and K concentrations were effective as diagnostics for predicting switchgrass biomass yield nor could soil tests and their change with cropping predict nutrient removal. Concentrations of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and ash were not influenced by P and K nutrition. Predicted bio-ethanol production was closely associated with biomass yield whereas high biomass K concentrations reduced estimated bio-oil production per hectare by as much as 50%. Additional research is needed to identify diagnostics and managements to meet the bioenergy production co-objectives of having high yield of biomass with very low mineral nutrient concentrations (especially K) while sustaining and improving the fertility of marginal soils.
Designing Optimal Flow Patterns for Fall Chinook Salmon in a Central Valley, California, River

Widespread declines in stocks of Pacific salmon in the genusOncorhynchushighlight the need for research to find new and effective management strategies for recovery. Two recovery objectives are (1) to ensure that recruitment is adequate to rebuild self-sustaining populations and (2) to maintain phenotypic diversity. This study seeks to understand how seasonal flow patterns in a flow-regulated California river might be managed to attain each of these recovery objectives, specifically for the fall and late-fall runs of chinook salmon O. tshawytscha. We ask two questions: (1) Does the optimal pattern of seasonal flows change as the amount of water available is constrained by droughts or diversions of flows? and (2) How do optimal flow regimes designed for the two conservation objectives differ? We coupled simulated annealing with a recruitment model to find flow regimes that maximize either the number of smolt out-migrant ''recruits'' (MR) or the variation in spawning times among recruits (MV). Optimal flow regimes identified for both the MR and MV objectives changed as we increased the annual quantity of water available, allocating higher flows during the spring and fall seasons. Flow regimes that optimized the MR and MV objectives were different. For example, the MV flow regime with unlimited annual flow provided a pulse of high flow 2 weeks before the peak spawning date of the minority late-fall run. Simulated recruits produced by MV flow regimes were fewer in number—and had parents that spawned later and over a wider range of dates—than recruits produced by MR flow regimes. Although these results have not been verified by empirical studies, they demonstrate the potential for managing species with special conservation status by combining state-of-the-art numerical optimization methods with mechanistic ecological models. Anadromous salmonids play a significant role as keystone species in the river ecosystems drain- ing to the Pacific coast of North America (Willson and Halupka 1995; Cederholm et al. 1999). His- torically, Pacific salmon in the genus Oncorhyn- chus permeated coastal rivers and streams from Alaska to southern California. A tendency to re- turn to spawn in their natal river allowed salmon populations to adapt to local environmental con- ditions (Waples 1995) and led to an adaptive ra- diation in life history traits for chinook salmon O. tshawytscha (Healey 1994). Collectively, salmon populations diversified into an array of populations (also known as ''runs,'' ''races,'' or ''stocks'') with life histories distinguished by spawning time and place. The temporal diversity and geographic distribution of salmon populations resulted in the presence of one life history type or another during
Measurement of Three-bond, 13C′-13Cβ J Couplings in Human Ubiquitin by a Triple Resonance, E. COSY-type NMR Technique

A [CO]HN(CA)CB-E.COSY pulse scheme is described for measurement of three-bond couplings, 3JC′Cβ, between carbonyl and aliphatic Cβ carbons in ubiquitin, uniformly enriched with 13C and 15N. A Karplus relation, 3JC′Cβ = 1.28 cos2(φ - 120°) -1.02 cos(φ - 120°) +0.30 Hz, is obtained by correlating the 3JC′Cβ values measured for human ubiquitin with backbone φ angles from its crystal structure. As predicted, the new Karplus parametrization yields 3JC′Cβ values slightly larger than previously obtained by quantitative J correlation [Hu, J.-S. and Bax, A. (1997) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 119, 6360-6368], but considerably smaller than what has been reported on the basis of other E.COSY-type measurements carried out on flavodoxin.
MLFMA-based quasi-direct analysis of scattering from electrically large targets

The multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA) is traditionally employed in the context of an iterative matrix solver, in which the MLFMA is utilized to implement the underlying matrix product with NlogN complexity, where N represents the number of unknowns. The total computational complexity of such an approach is order PNlogN, where P represents the number of iterations required for convergence of the iterative-solver (e.g. conjugate gradients) to a desired accuracy. Many electromagnetic-scattering problems are poorly conditioned, and therefore P is often large. Rather than applying an iterative matrix solver, we perform a matrix product involving the inverse of the impedance matrix. By using the properties of the MLFMA, this process is performed very efficiently for electrically large problems. In particular, numerical experiments indicate that this new formulation (which avoids the iteration count P) is often significantly faster than the traditional iterative MLFMA solution, while requiring the same computer memory. The basic theory is described, and several examples are presented.
Comparison of beam-dump and vector-boson-decay production of new neutral heavy leptons.

New neutral leptons N may be produced via their mixing with ordinary neutrinos, characterized by an amplitude U. It is shown that beam-dump experiments envisioned for the next few years will be able to probe values of Vertical BarUVertical Bar/sup 2/ below 10/sup -6/ for M/sub N/ up to approx.3 GeV, a region inaccessible to all but the most copious Z- and W-production experiments. These latter experiments, by searching for rare Z and W decays, will be able to study a much wider range of M/sub N/ for values of Vertical BarUVertical Bar/sup 2/ above (a few) x 10/sup -6/, if over 10/sup 6/ Z or W decays can be examined.
Accounting Architecture: The New Face of AIS

Unlike Financial Accounting, Managerial Accounting, Tax Accounting and Auditing, Accounting Information Systems as an academic discipline is not currently focused on training students to enter a discrete professional field. This lack of focus is not demand-driven as an increasingly dire need exists for IT auditors, as well as systems developers with accounting knowledge. One hurdle preventing expansion of AIS curriculum to prepare accounting students to serve as IT auditors and IT architects is the need for a unifying framework that circumscribes relevant professional competencies. This article introduces such a framework and proposes a corresponding academic discipline that combines accounting and auditing with systems design and control: Accounting Architecture.
METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES IN EVALUATING EXPANDED MEDICAID COVERAGE FOR PREGNANT WOMEN

In a recent effort to lower the US infant mortality rate, Congress has expanded the Medicaid coverage options that states may offer pregnant women. Careful evaluation of changes in perinatal outcome associated with this expanded coverage is needed. The linkage of Medicaid enrollment files of mothers and infants to birth, death, and fetal death certificates is an initial step in assessing the effectiveness that Medicaid coverage expansions have had on pregnancy outcome. Creation of such a database for Tennessee for 1984-1987 revealed that complete information on mother, delivery, and child is available for only three quarters of Medicaid-reimbursed births. Furthermore, Medicaid-reimbursed births that had all three data components had different characteristics and lower mortality rates than did births with missing elements. Those persons seeking to evaluate expanded Medicaid coverage for pregnant women need to be aware that consideration of only those births for whom there is information on mother, delivery, and child may lead to serious underascertainment of fetal, perinatal, and neonatal mortality rates.
The impact of the "Scream": to use or not to use.

The 1985 release of the graphic anti-abortion film "Silent Scream" presented health educators with the difficult decision of whether this 1-sided scientifically inaccurate visual should be utilized to convey the right-to-life viewpoint. To address this dilemma a study was conducted of 141 midwestern college students who were shown both the "Silent Scream"visual and the "Planned Parenthood Response" visual. The Abortion Attitude Scale was administered to study subjects at study entry immediately after exposure to "Silent Scream" the day following viewing of the anti-abortion film after exposure to the Planned Parenthood pro-choice response visual and 6 months after entry into the study. The sample included 90 females and 51 males; variance scores for males and females were equal at the 5 different points of measurement. At baseline mean scores on the Abortion Attitude Scale were 37.6 for males and 36.5 for females (with scores of 56-70 considered indicative of strong pro-abortion attitudes and 0-15 reflecting strong anti-abortion attitudes). After viewing of "Silent Scream" the means dropped to 27.9 among males and 25.5 among females (indicative of moderate pro-life attitudes) but had increased to 31.1 and 2.87 respectively by the next day. After exposure to the pro-choice visual attitudes remained in the "unsure" attitude range but exceeded baseline values (37.9 for males and 37.2 for females). Overall these findings indicate that the attitudes of college students on abortion are very easily influences yet the shift is temporary and there is a reversion to previously held attitudes once the emotionality of a one-sided presentation wears off.
Absorption of Chlortetracycline from the Alimentary Tract in White Leghorn Hens

Abstract IN AN attempt to increase control over poultry diseases, many investigations have been conducted concerning the potentiation of the tetracycline antibiotics in chickens. Several methods which have been proposed are highly effective under certain conditions. The addition of terephthalic acid has been found to increase the level of antibiotics in the blood two to three fold (Peterson, 1958). The source and the level of calcium in feed appear to have an influence on the absorption of the tetracycline antibiotics (Eoff et al., 1962). Harms and Waldroup (1961) found that a maximum antibiotic blood level in chicks could be attained if the calcium content of the feed was lowered slightly below the minimum requirements. However, Waldroup and Harms (1961) were able to detect only a slight increase in the oxytetracycline level in serum when low levels of calcium were fed to laying hens. In a more recent study Harms and Waldroup…
Diagnosis of pheochromocytoma.

This article reviews the pathophysiology and clinical features of pheochromocytoma, along with the biochemical approaches that have been used for confirming its diagnosis. Different methods for urinary, plasma, and platelet catecholamines and catecholamine catabolites are discussed, and the authors’ opinions on which test(s) to use and which patients to screen are presented.
Whose reproductive futures? Race-biopolitics and resistance in the Black infant mortality reduction campaigns in Milwaukee:

This paper contributes to Foucauldian population geographies by examining an infant mortality reduction campaign in Milwaukee. The infant mortality rate for Milwaukee’s Black community is about thr...
Resource management for noninvasive monitoring.

Today we are faced with an ever-expanding array of technologies that allow monitoring to be accomplished more accurately and more easily than before. Each institution's needs differ--yet, the methods for determining appropriate utilization are similar. A rational method of utilization includes a criteria-based process for deciding who will be monitored and when. An accurate estimation of the number of units required, their purchase and operating cost, the complexity of operation, and the potential impact on both patients and staff must be calculated. An ongoing educational program for respiratory care practitioners, nurses, and physicians should be implemented to communicate the values and limitations of each device. These technologies can be valuable adjuncts to our process of caring for patients. Used appropriately, noninvasive monitors can fulfill their promise of improving health care. However, they do carry the risk of increasing the overall cost of health care and of distracting us from personally assessing our patients. The existence of an expensive device is not reason enough to employ it. If it were, I would have a difficult time responding to my wife's frequent question of, "If they can send one man to the moon, why can't they send them all?"
Physical and mechanical properties of cross‐linked type I collagen scaffolds derived from bovine, porcine, and ovine tendons

Collagen scaffolds are often utilized in tissue engineering applications where their performance depends on physical and mechanical properties. This study investigated the effects of collagen source (bovine, porcine, and ovine tendon) on properties of collagen sponge scaffolds cross-linked with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC)/N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS). Scaffolds were tested for tensile and compressive properties, stability (resistance to enzymatic degradation), pore size, and swelling ratio. No significant differences in tensile modulus were observed, but ovine scaffolds had significantly greater ultimate strain, stress, and toughness relative to bovine and porcine scaffolds. No significant differences in compressive properties, pore size, or swelling ratio were observed as a function of collagen source. Ovine scaffolds were more resistant to collagenase degradation compared to bovine samples, which were more resistant than porcine scaffolds. In comparison to bovine scaffolds, ovine scaffolds performed equivalently or superiorly in all evaluations, and porcine scaffolds were equivalent in all properties except enzymatic stability. These results suggest that collagen sponges derived from bovine, porcine, and ovine tendon have similar physical and mechanical properties, and are all potentially suitable materials for various tissue engineering applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2685-2692, 2016.
Characterization of horizontal air–water two-phase flow

Abstract This paper presents experimental studies performed to characterize horizontal air–water two-phase flow in a round pipe with an inner diameter of 3.81 cm. A detailed flow visualization study is performed using a high-speed video camera in a wide range of two-phase flow conditions to verify previous flow regime maps. Two-phase flows are classified into bubbly, plug, slug, stratified, stratified-wavy, and annular flow regimes. While the transition boundaries identified in the present study compare well with the existing ones (Mandhane et al., 1974) in general, some discrepancies are observed for bubbly-to-plug/slug, and plug-to-slug transition boundaries. Based on the new transition boundaries, three additional test conditions are determined in horizontal bubbly flow to extend the database by Talley et al. (2015a). Various local two-phase flow parameters including void fraction, interfacial area concentration, bubble velocity, and bubble Sauter mean diameter are obtained. The effects of increasing gas flow rate on void fraction, bubble Sauter mean diameter, and bubble velocity are discussed. Bubbles begin to coalesce near the gas–liquid layer instead of in the highly packed region when gas flow rate increases. Using all the current experimental data, two-phase frictional pressure loss analysis is performed using the Lockhart–Martinelli method. It is found that the coefficient C = 24 yields the best agreement with the data with the minimum average difference. Moreover, drift flux analysis is performed to predict void-weighted area-averaged bubble velocity and area-averaged void fraction. Based on the current database, functional relations for ≪ v g ≫ vs. j > and α > vs. j g >/ j > have been studied. It is found that ≪ v g ≫ – j > method predicts the void-weighted area-averaged bubble velocity and area-averaged void fraction better compared to α > – j g >/ j > method.
Landsat-based classification in the cloud: An opportunity for a paradigm shift in land cover monitoring

Abstract Satellite-derived land cover maps play an important role in many applications, including monitoring of smallholder-dominated agricultural landscapes. New cloud-based computing platforms and satellite sensors offer opportunities for generating land cover maps designed to meet the spatial and temporal requirements of specific applications. Such maps can be a significant improvement compared to existing products, which tend to be coarser than 300 m, are often not representative of areas with fast-paced land use change, and have a fixed set of cover classes. Here, we present two approaches for land cover classification using the Landsat archive within Google Earth Engine. Random forest classification was performed with (1) season-based composites, where median values of individual bands and vegetation indices were generated from four years for each of four seasons, and (2) metric-based composites, where different quantiles were computed for the entire four-year period. These approaches were tested for six land cover types spanning over 18,000 locations in Zambia, with ground “truth” determined by visual inspection of high-resolution imagery from Google Earth. The methods were trained on 30% of these points and tested on the remaining 70%, and results were also compared with existing land cover products. Overall accuracies of about 89% were achieved for the season- and metric-based approaches for individual classes, with 93% and 94% accuracy for distinguishing cropland from non-cropland. For the latter task, the existing Globeland30 dataset based on Landsat had much lower accuracies (around 77% on average), as did existing cover maps at coarser resolutions. Overall, the results support the use of either season or metric-based classification approaches. Both produce better results than those obtained from previous classifiers, which supports a general paradigm shift away from dependence on standard static products and towards custom generation of on-demand cover maps designed to fulfill the needs of each specific application.
Prolonged concurrent hypotension and low bispectral index (‘double low’) are associated with mortality, serious complications, and prolonged hospitalization after cardiac surgery

Abstract Background Low bispectral index (BIS) and low mean arterial pressure (MAP) are associated with worse outcomes after surgery. We tested the hypothesis that a combination of these risk factors, a ‘double low', is associated with death and major complications after cardiac surgery. Methods We used data from 8239 cardiac surgical patients from two US hospitals. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and a composite of in-hospital mortality and morbidity. We examined whether patients who had a case-averaged double low, defined as time-weighted average BIS and MAP (calculated over an entire case) below the sample mean but not in the reference group, had increased risk of the primary outcomes compared with patients whose BIS and/or MAP were at or higher than the sample mean. We also examined whether a prolonged cumulative duration of a concurrent double low (simultaneous low MAP and BIS) increased the risk of the primary outcomes. Results Case-averaged double low was not associated with increased risk of 30-day mortality {odds ratio [OR] 1.73 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.94–3.18] vs reference; P=0.01} or the composite of in-hospital mortality and morbidity [OR 1.47 (95% CI 0.98–2.20); P=0.01] after correction for multiple outcomes. A prolonged concurrent double low was associated with 30-day mortality [OR 1.06 (95% CI 1.01–1.11) per 10-min increase; P=0.001] and the composite of in-hospital mortality and morbidity [OR 1.04 (95% CI 1.01–1.07), P=0.004]. Conclusions A prolonged concurrent double low, but not a case-averaged double low, was associated with higher morbidity and mortality after cardiac surgery.
How Are Fathers' Demographic Characteristics Related to Preschool-Age Children's Weight and Obesity Risk Factors?

ABSTRACTFathers (n = 149) of preschool children were interviewed using the Child Feeding, Role of the Father (ROF), and ROF at Mealtimes (ROFM) questionnaires to determine whether fathers’ demographic characteristics are associated with child overweight. Low-income was associated with higher pressure to eat (p = .006) and perceived their child as higher weight (p = .001). Higher education level was associated with lower ROF (p = .018) and ROFM (p = .002) and higher child diet quality (p = .002). Father’s BMI was positively associated with ROFM (p = .008). Certain fathers may be important targets in childhood obesity prevention programs.
Rethinking Case Study Research: A Comparative Approach

Comparative case studies are an effective qualitative tool for researching the impact of policy and practice in various fields of social research, including education. Developed in response to the inadequacy of traditional case study approaches, comparative case studies are highly effective because of their ability to synthesize information across time and space. In Rethinking Case Study Research: A Comparative Approach, the authors describe, explain, and illustrate the horizontal, vertical, and transversal axes of comparative case studies in order to help readers develop their own comparative case study research designs. In six concise chapters, two experts employ geographically distinct case studies—from Tanzania to Guatemala to the U.S.—to show how this innovative approach applies to the operation of policy and practice across multiple social fields. With examples and activities from anthropology, development studies, and policy studies, this volume is written for researchers, especially graduate students, in the fields of education and the interpretive social sciences.
Automated Detection of Repetitive Motor Behaviors as an Outcome Measurement in Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

Repetitive sensory motor behaviors are a direct target for clinical treatment and a potential treatment endpoint for individuals with intellectual or developmental disabilities. By removing the burden associated with video annotation or direct observation, automated detection of stereotypy would allow for longer term monitoring in ecologic settings. We report automated detection of common stereotypical motor movements using commercially available accelerometers affixed to the body and a generalizable detection algorithm. The method achieved a sensitivity of 80% for body rocking and 93% for hand flapping without individualized algorithm training or foreknowledge of subject’s specific movements. This approach is well-suited for implementation in a continuous monitoring system outside of a clinical setting.
Expression of Wnt-signaling pathway genes and their associations with miRNAs in colorectal cancer.

The Wnt-signaling pathway functions in regulating cell growth and thus is involved in the carcinogenic process of several cancers, including colorectal cancer. We tested the hypothesis that multiple genes in this signaling pathway are dysregulated and that miRNAs are associated with these dysregulated genes. We used data from 217 colorectal cancer (CRC) cases to evaluate differences in Wnt-signaling pathway gene expression between paired CRC and normal mucosa and identify miRNAs that are associated with these genes. Gene expression data from RNA-Seq and miRNA expression data from Agilent Human miRNA Microarray V19.0 were analyzed. We focused on genes most strongly associated with CRC (fold change (FC) of >1.5 or 1.50) after adjusting for multiple comparisons. Thirteen of the 66 Wnt-signaling genes that were differentially expressed in CRC tumors were associated with differential expression of miRNAs. A total of 93 miRNA:mRNA associations were detected for these 13 genes. Of these 93 associations, 36 miRNA seed-region matches were observed, suggesting that miRNAs have both direct and indirect effects on Wnt-signaling pathway genes. In summary, our data supports the hypothesis that the Wnt-signaling pathway is dysregulated in CRC and suggest that miRNAs may importantly influence that dysregulation.
Interventionist training and intervention fidelity monitoring and maintenance for CONNECT, a nurse-led primary palliative care in oncology trial.

Abstract Context Intervention fidelity is a critical component of behavioral research that has received inadequate attention in palliative care studies. With increasing focus on the need for palliative care models that can be widely disseminated and delivered by non-specialists, rigorous yet pragmatic strategies for training interventionists and maintaining intervention fidelity are needed. Objectives (1) Describe components of a plan for interventionist training and monitoring and maintaining intervention fidelity as part of a primary palliative care trial (CONNECT) and (2) present data about perceived training effectiveness and delivery of key intervention content. Methods Post-training evaluations, visit checklists, and visit audio-recordings. Results Data were collected from June, 2016 through April, 2017. We include procedures for (1) identification, training and certification of oncology nurses as CONNECT interventionists; (2) monitoring intervention delivery; and (3) maintaining intervention quality. All nurses (N = 14) felt prepared to deliver key competencies after a 3-day in-person training. As assessed via visit checklists, interventionists delivered an average of 94% (SD 13%) of key content for first intervention visits and 85% (SD 14%) for subsequent visits. As assessed via audio-recordings, interventionists delivered an average of 85% (SD 8%) of key content for initial visits and 85% (SD 12%) for subsequent visits. Conclusion We present a 3-part strategy for training interventionists and monitoring and maintaining intervention delivery in a primary palliative care trial. Training was effective in having nurses feel prepared to deliver primary palliative care skills. As assessed via nursing checklists and visit audio-recordings, intervention fidelity was high.
Frequency and severity of mastocytemia in dogs with and without mast cell tumors: 120 cases (1995-1997).

Objective To elucidate frequency of detection on blood smears and severity on quantitative buffy coat evaluation of mastocytemia between dogs without mast cell tumors (MCT) and dogs that had MCT, and to expand the list of diseases associated with mastocytemia in dogs without MCT. Design Retrospective study. Animals 94 dogs without MCT and 26 dogs with MCT. Procedure Medical records of all dogs with mast cells detected on blood or buffy coat smears during a 2-year period were reviewed. Dogs with mastocytemia were grouped by disease into dogs with MCT and dogs without MCT. Twenty-five of the dogs without MCT that had mast cells detected on blood smears also had evaluations of buffy coat smears. Quantitative buffy coat results of the 25 dogs without MCT were compared with those of the 26 dogs with MCT. Results 95.5% of blood smears with mast cells detected during CBC determination were from dogs without MCT. For these dogs, diagnoses included inflammatory disease (28.2%), regenerative anemia (27%), neoplasia other than MCT (25.9%), and trauma (11.8%). Dogs with MCT had a mean of 71.4 mast cells/buffy coat smear, whereas dogs without MCT had a mean of 276.2 mast cells/buffy coat smear. The 2 highest counts of mast cells/buffy coat smear were for dogs without MCT. Conclusions and clinical relevance On the basis of results of quantitative buffy coat evaluations, severity of mastocytemia in dogs without MCT often exceeds that detected during tumor staging in dogs with MCT. Random detection of mast cells in blood smears during CBC determination in dogs is usually not secondary to MCT.
Integrated Microfluidic Optical Systems (iMOS) with Led

This paper presents a new way to fabricate disposable integrated microfluidic optical systems (iMOS). The iMOS has several advantages such as self-alignment, improved optical designs, simple fabrication process, and low-cost.