cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Computed tomography of acute intracerebral hemorrhagic contusion

Abstract Hemorrhagic contusion was the most frequent focal parenchymal abnormality demonstrated in a series of 304 acute closed head injury patients studied by sequential computed tomography (CT). It was identified in 70 patients (23%) and was 3 times as frequent in adults as in children. In 41% of these cases there were other significant lesions present, most commonly an acute subdural hematoma. The contusion itself may produce symptoms acutely as well as permanent focal neurologic deficits. The time course of the hemorrhagic contusion, as revealed by CT, correlates with the four neuropathologic stages of the contusion. The hemorrhagic contusion differs from the intracerebral hematoma both in its initial CT appearance and in the pattern of resolution.
Biochemical analysis of the copepod Eurytemora affinis: A modification of standard starch gel techniques

Abstract 1. 1. Using starch gel electrophoresis a method of sample preparation was developed for enzyme analysis of the copepod Eurytemora affinis . 2. 2. Several of the enzymes which are successfully resolved using this method including phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) and phosphoglucomutase (PGM), are presented and discussed. 3. 3. The technique allows greater sensitivity of the staining reaction with very small quantities and may be useful for others working with small organisms.
Adiabatic cooling of atoms by an intense standing wave.

Lithium atoms channeled in the nodes of an intense standing-wave radiation field are cooled to near the recoil limit by adibatically reducing the radiation intensity. The final momentum distribution has a narrow component with a root-mean-squared momentum of 2\ensuremath{\Elzxh}k in one dimension, where \ensuremath{\Elzxh}k is the momentum of a radiation-field photon. The data are compared with the results of a Monte Carlo simulation using a two-level atom model. This process may be useful for cooling and increasing the phase-space density of atoms confined in a magnetic trap.
Peroxiredoxin-2 links Cdk5 to neurodegeneration

Cyclin-dependent kinase 5, a serine/threonine kinase, contributes to neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease. This kinase is now shown to phosphorylate peroxiredoxin-2, inactivating it, and thereby sensitizing neurons to the deleterious effects of parkinsonian toxins.
Feature-similarity protein classifier as a ligand engineering tool.

Kinases have been often targeted in drug therapy aimed at blocking signaling pathways. However, the conservation of protein structure across homologs often leads to uncontrolled cross reactivity. On the other hand, sticky packing defects in proteins are typically not conserved across homologs, making them ligand-anchoring sites potentially important to enhance selectivity. Thus, we introduce a hierarchical clustering of PDB-reported kinases according to packing differences. This kinome partitioning is highly correlated with proximity relations arising from the pharmacological profiling of kinases. A variable packing sensitivity is observed for individual drugs, with highly promiscuous ligands being the most insensitive to packing differences. Our classifier enables a strategy to design selective inhibitors.
Preparation and Properties of Rhamnosidase and Glucosidase Fractions from a Fungal Flavonoid Glycosidase Preparation, “Naringinase C-100”

SUMMARY A fungal enzyme preparation, “Naringinase C-100,” was separated by paper electrophoresis into individual rhamnosidase and glucosidase fractions. The specificities of these fractions were determined by testing their ability to hydrolyze various flavonoid and related phenolic glycosides. The individual rhamnosidase and glucosidase fractions were characterized by determining the degree of hydrolysis produced in standard naringin and prunin substrate solutions at various pH's, temperatures, and time intervals. A paper chromatographic-fluorometric method suitable for quantitative determination of naringin and prunin in mixtures containing naringin, prunin, and naringenin was devised and employed in the characterization studies.
Strengthening resilience capacity might light the way to a brighter future for patients with fibromyalgia.

Strengthening resilience capacity might light the way to a brighter future for patients with fibromyalgia
Swelling and dissolution rates of glass fiber sizings in matrix resin via micro‐dielectrometry

Complex fiber-matrix interactions occur in the processing of glass fiber reinforced polymeric composites, because of the proprietary, complex composition of commercial sizings applied to the glass fiber surface. Research involving a vinyl ester resin system and three model commercial glass fiber sizings, having varying levels of solubility in the resin, has shown that micro-dielectrometry can provide important information about interactions and may be useful as a tool in optimizing sizing-matrix resin interactions. Two distinct types of interactions may be monitored by micro-dielectrometry : The initial resin swelling of the sizing, as well as the dissolution of the sizing into the resin. An estimate of the times associated with swelling and dissolution of the sizing into the matrix resin can be made from micro-dielectric measurements to optimize composite processing.
SU‐E‐J‐177: Improved Reconstruction Algorithm for Tomosynthesis Plus Few Discrete Projections

Purpose: Investigations over the past few years have demonstrated some of the benefits and shortfalls of tomosynthesis in radiation therapy for patient positioning or dose tracking. Tomosynthesis generates excellent image quality in one reconstruction plane; however, there is a loss of edge and frequency information in the additional planes due to the spatial incompleteness of the projection data. In this study, we investigate the results of a new discrete frequency interpolation technique (DFIT), which is used to incorporate tomosynthesis limited arc projection data and three additional “filling” projections. Methods: For the initial investigations, we simulated a Shepp‐Logan phantom with parallel beam geometry to generate 93 projections. 90 of these projections were over a tomosynthetic arc at one projection per degree. The remaining three projections were generated to fill in the next 90 degrees evenly (i.e. 22.5, 45, and 67.5 degrees from the end of the arc) to help “fill in” the incomplete data. Simple filtered backprojection (FBP) results show no improvement as FBP is designed for uniform distribution of projections. Per the projection slice theorem, the tomosynthesis data fills in a portion of the frequency plane. The remaining sparsely sampled area of the frequency plane is filled using linear interpolation from the end arc projections and the 3 discrete projections. The DFIT image is the sum of the FBP image and the inverse Fourier transform of the interpolated frequencies Results: The images by traditional FBP and DFIT are compared visually and using line profile plots. Additionally, contrast results are examined. The DFIT images show improved edge delineation in the usual tomosynthesis “blurred” direction and improves reconstructed contrast. Conclusions: The addition of limited “filling” discrete projections and DFIT can be used to improve the reconstruction accuracy and quality of short arc imaging. Research supported by Nucletron, B.V.
A time-series analysis of local highway expenditures

Abstract The proportion of total municipal, county and township expenditures devoted to highway construction and maintenance has steadily declined since World War II. To understand the comparatively slow growth of local highway expenditures, constant percentage growth rate models were estimated using publicly available time-series data on the annual total and annual highway expenditures of all local governments in the U.S. for the period 1948–1976. To reflect the effects of changes in the national economy during this period, growth rate adjustments at 1957 and 1966 were included in these models. Excellent fits to the data were obtained. Results indicate that local governmental expenditures for highways have exhibited the same type of exponential growth function as total local governmental expenditures. However, the growth rate of local highway expenditures was less than the growth rate of total local governmental expenditures throughout the period of study. Moreover, the economic downturn of the late 1950s produced a sharper drop in the growth rate for local highway expenditures than in the growth rate for total local expenditures. Furthermore, the economic recovery in the mid-1960s resulted in a greater acceleration in the growth rate of total expenditures than in the growth rate of highway expenditures.
Pragmatic Language Profiles of School-Age Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders and Williams Syndrome

Purpose To describe and compare the pragmatic language profiles of school-age children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and Williams syndrome (WS) on a standardized measure to determine whether...
Coupled analysis of electromigration reliability and performance in ULSI signal nets

In deep submicron VLSI circuits, interconnect reliability due to electromigration and thermal effects is fast becoming a serious design issue particularly for long signal lines. This paper presents for the first time a rigorous coupled analysis of AC electromigration that are prevalent in signal lines and thermal effects arising due to Joule heating of the wires. The analysis is applied to study the effect of technology scaling using ITRS data, wherein the effects of increasing interconnect (Cu) resistivity with line dimensions and the effect of a finite barrier metal thickness have been included. Finally, we have also quantified the reliability implications for minimum sized vias in optimally buffered signal nets. Our analysis suggests that for the optimally buffered interconnects, while the maximum current density in the line remains limited by the performance, the current density in the vias exceeds the reliability limits and therefore requires careful consideration in the physical design process flow.
Electromechanical and electro-optic properties of xBiScO3-yBiGaO3-(1-x-y)PbTiO3 single crystals

Abstract Single crystals in the x BiScO 3 – y BiGaO 3 –(1− x − y )PbTiO 3 (BS–BG–PT) system were grown by the high temperature solution method using Pb 3 O 4 and Bi 2 O 3 as the flux. The dielectric permittivity ( e r ) at room temperature for unpoled tetragonal crystals was determined to be 500–600 with dielectric loss tangents less than 0.3%. The Curie temperature was found to be around ∼420–450°C, with a dielectric maximum, exhibiting relaxor behavior. The longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient ( d 33 ) was found to be ∼300 pC/N for 〈0 0 1〉 oriented tetragonal crystals with electromechanical coupling factor ( k 33 ) of 75%, with a shear mode, d 15 ∼290 pC/N and k 15 ∼45%, lateral mode, d 31 ∼−55 pC/N and k 31 ∼−37%. The remnant polarization ( P r ) was 46 μC/cm 2 with a coercive field ( E c ) of 43 kV/cm at 1 Hz and DC field of 60 kV/cm. The linear electro-optic (E-O) coefficients of poled crystals determined using an automated scanning Mach–Zehnder interferometer method at room temperature and wavelength of 632.8 nm were r 33 =36 and r 13 =4 pm/V, respectively.
2,3-Bis(5-bromo­thien-2-yl)­quinoxaline

2,3-Bis(5-bromo­thien-2-yl)­quinoxaline, C16H8Br2N2S2, is a bromo-substituted 2,3-di­(thien-2-yl)­quinoxaline which can be easily synthesized by the Schiff base reaction between 1,2-phenyl­enedi­amine and 1,2-bis(5-bromo­thien-2-yl)-1,2-ethanedione. The molecule has twofold non-crystallographic symmetry.
Three-dimensional spatial characteristics of primary and secondary basis set superposition error

Abstract Both the SCF and MP2 basis set superposition error (BSSE) calculated around a molecule of HF are strongly distance-dependent but nearly isotropic, with the highest degree of unsaturation centered along the HF bond. The secondary BSSE ( in the dipole moment), on the other hand, is highly anisotropic with larger effects identified near the F atom. Calculations on H3N-HF indicate that some cancellation may occur between the secondary BSSEs of the two subunits but that nonetheless, correction of this error is important in forming a proper picture of electronic rearrangements in molecular complexes.
Adherence to antiretroviral HIV drugs: how many doses can you miss before resistance emerges?

The question of determining how many doses may be skipped before HIV treatment response is adversely affected by the emergence of drug-resistance is addressed. Impulsive differential equations are used to develop a prescription to minimize the emergence of drug-resistance for protease-sparing regimens. A threshold for the maximal number of missable doses is determined. If the number of missed doses is below this threshold, then resistance levels are negligible and dissipate quickly, assuming perfect adherence subsequently. If the number of missed doses exceeds this threshold, even for 24 h, resistance levels are extremely high and will not dissipate for weeks, even assuming perfect adherence subsequently. After this interruption, the minimum number of successive doses that should be taken is determined. Estimates are provided for all protease-sparing drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Estimates for the basic reproductive ratios for the wild-type and mutant strains of the virus are also calculated, for a long-term average fractional degree of adherence. There are regions within this fraction of adherence where the outcome is not predictable and may depend on a patient's entire history of drug-taking.
Management of Adult Syphilis

There are several important unanswered key questions in the management of adult syphilis. A systematic literature review was conducted and tables of evidence were constructed to answer these important questions. A single dose of 2.4 million units of benzathine penicillin G remains the drug of choice for managing early syphilis. Enhanced antibiotic therapy has not been shown to improve treatment outcomes, regardless of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status. Although additional data on the efficacy of azithromycin in treating early syphilis have emerged, reported increases in the prevalence of a mutation associated with azithromycin resistance precludes a recommendation for its routine use. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination should be performed in all persons with serologic evidence of syphilis infection and neurologic symptoms. In those persons with early syphilis who do not achieve a ≥ 4-fold serologic decline in their rapid plasma reagin (RPR) titers 6-12 months after adequate therapy and those with late latent infection who do not achieve a similar decline within 12-24 months, CSF examination should be considered. Among HIV-infected persons, CSF examination among all those with asymptomatic late latent syphilis is not recommended owing to lack of evidence that demonstrates clinical benefit. HIV-infected persons with syphilis of any stages whose RPR titers are ≥ 1:32 and/or whose CD4 cell counts are <350 cells/mm(3) may be at increased risk for asymptomatic neurosyphilis. If CSF pleocytosis is evident at initial CSF examination, these examinations should be repeated every 6 months until the cell count is normal. Several important questions regarding the management of syphilis remain unanswered and should be a priority for future research.
Full-chip, three-dimensional, shapes-based RLC extraction

In this paper, we report the development of the first commercial full-chip, three-dimensional, shapes-based, RLCK extraction tool, developed as part of a university-industry collaboration. The technique of return-limited inductances is used to provide a sparse, frequency-independent inductance and resistance network with self-inductances that represent sensible "nominal" values in the absence of mutual coupling. Mutual inductances are extracted for accurate noise analysis. The tool, Assura RLCX, exploits high-capacity scan-band techniques and disk caching for inductance extraction as an extension to Cadence's existing Assura RCX extractor.
CD4 + T Lymphocytes: A Critical Component of Antitumor Immunity

Both prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines targeting a wide variety of cancers are being developed. Because of the potency of cell-mediated immunity, many vaccine strategies are focused on activating tumor-specific cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes. CD4+ T lymphocytes are a key element in optimal activation of CD8+ T cells and in the maintenance of immune memory, and therefore their activation is critical for cancer vaccine efficacy. This article reviews the mechanisms by which CD4+ T cells facilitate tumor immunity and the vaccine strategies that enhance CD4+ T cell activity.
Early Seedling Survival of Melilotus in Bluegrass Sod

Seeds of Melilotus alba and M. officinalis were sown in four different—sized openings in Canada bluegrass, a dominant of an old field. A relationship between seed germination and size of opening in the sod was not apparent but early seedling survival was correlated (P < .01) with size of opening, the larger openings yielding a greater number of viable seedlings. The areal extent of the dominant plant in the old field thus appears to regulate the number of sweetclover plants at an early stage of their life cycle. See full-text article at JSTOR
The modification of ferroelectric LiNbO3(0001) surfaces using chromium oxide thin films

The impact of ferroelectric polarization on the chemical and electronic properties of atomically thin layers of non-polar chromium oxide deposited on positively and negatively poled LiNbO3(0001) was studied. Chromium(III) oxide readily forms on LiNbO3; however, annealing at high temperatures was required to maintain well-ordered films as the thickness increased. Prolonged heating at these temperatures caused Cr diffusion into the LiNbO3 substrate. Comparing Cr 2p X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) peak positions as a function of temperature and substrate polarization revealed no evidence of shifts from the peak positions expected for Cr2O3. The lack of any band offset between Cr2O3 on the oppositely poled surface suggests that charge compensation of the ferroelectric substrate occurs at least predominantly at the surface of the film, as opposed to the film-substrate interface. No evidence of shifts due to oxidation or reduction of the Cr was observed indicating that charge compensation did not involve a change in the ionic state of the Cr. Exposing the films to reactive oxygen species emitted from an oxygen plasma, however, caused a distinct high binding energy shoulder on the Cr 2p3/2 XPS peaks that could be associated with oxygen adsorption on surface Cr and concomitant oxidation to Cr5+. This feature was used to gauge the concentration of O adatoms on the surfaces as a function of temperature for oppositely poled substrates; these measurements did not reveal any significant polarization dependence for oxygen desorption. Further, temperature programmed desorption measurements for a Cr2O3 film on α-Al2O3 showed a similar trend in O2 desorption. Therefore, it is concluded that the reactivity of Cr2O3 toward O is at least largely independent of substrate polarization despite data suggestive of charge compensation at the film surfaces.
Partly Fragmented, Partly Integrated: An Anthropological Examination of “Postmodern Fragmented Subjects”

now-classic description of this sort is the historian E. P. Thompson's account (1963, 1967) of the way industrial capitalism created a greater time consciousness among English factory workers. More recently, the literary critic Frederic Jameson has written about the psychological effects of late-20th-century capitalism. Using as his evidence works of architecture, poetry, music, and other artistic and intellectual productions, he has argued that (at least in the United States, the focus of his description) the standardization of our environment, saturation of our consciousness by mass media, and local dislocations caused by the globalization of production have produced a new dominant consciousness: a postmodern schizo-fragmentation (1991:372) characterized by floating emotions, inability to "organize ... past and future into coherent experience" (1991:25), and compartmentalization of diverse bits of information in unconnected mental regions.' Jameson's discussion, like Thompson's, has become an influential account of the psychological effects of political-economic change.2 His stimulating analysis deserves a thorough investigation. How well does it fit late-20th-century U.S. Americans? On the basis of my interviews with some urbanites and suburbanites in the United States, I will argue that Jameson's account of "postmodern schizo-fragmentation" is only partly right. Each person whose talk I have analyzed did have disparate schemas that can be traced to heterogeneous social discourses and practices.3 However, emotionally salient life experiences mediated their internalization of social discourses and led to a partial cognitive integration of them. This was true across boundaries of age, ethnicity, color, class, and gender for my interviewees, suggesting problems with not only Jameson's account but also others that expect a "rupture of narrativity" among marginal or exploited groups in this society (e.g., Ortner 1991). My research also throws suspicion on studies
Using multiple household food inventories to measure food availability in the home over 30 days: a pilot study.

The consumption of foods, especially by children, may be determined by the types of foods that are available in the home. Because most studies use a single point of data collection to determine the types of foods in the home, which can miss the change in availability when resources are not available, the primary objective of this study was to determine the extent to which the weekly availability of household food items changed over one month by 1) developing the methodology for the direct observation of the presence and amount of food items in the home; 2) conducting five in-home household food inventories over a thirty-day period in a small convenience sample; and 3) determining the frequency that food items were present in the participating households. After the development and pre-testing of the 251-item home observation guide that used direct observation to determine the presence and amount of food items in the home (refrigerator, freezer, pantry, elsewhere), two trained researchers recruited a convenience sample of 9 households (44.4% minority); administered a baseline questionnaire (personal info, shopping habits, food resources, and food security); and conducted 5 in-home assessments (7-day interval) over a 30-day period. Each in-home assessment included food-related activities since the last assessment, and an observational survey of types and amounts of foods present. Complete data were collected from all 9 women (32.8 y ± 6.0; 3 married; 4 ± 1.6 adults/children in household; 4 received food assistance; and 6 had very low food security) and their households. Weekly grocery purchases (place, amount, and purpose) varied from once (n = 1) to every week (n = 5); 4 used fast food 2-3 times/wk for 4 weeks. The weekly presence and amounts of fresh and processed fruits and vegetables and dairy varied. The feasibility of conducting multiple in-home assessments was confirmed with 100% retention of participants through 5 in-home assessments, which paid particular attention to the intra-monthly changes in household availability in type and amount of foods. This study contributes to research on home food availability by identifying the importance of multiple measures, presence of certain foods in the home, and the feasibility of comprehensive in-home assessments.
Rapid evolution of primate antiviral enzyme APOBEC3G

Human cytidine deaminase APOBEC3G and the virion infectivity factor (vif) of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are a pair of antagonistic molecules. In the absence of vif, APOBEC3G induces a high rate of dC to dU mutations in the nascent reverse transcripts of HIV that leads to the degradation of the HIV genome. HIV vif, on the other hand, can suppress the translation and trigger the degradation of human APOBEC3G. Here, we studied the rate of APOBEC3G gene evolution from five hominoids and two Old World monkeys. Averaged across the entire coding region, the rate of non-synonymous nucleotide substitutions is approximately 1.4 times the rate of synonymous substitutions, strongly suggesting that APOBEC3G has been under positive Darwinian selection. A comparison between the nucleotide polymorphisms within humans and the substitutions among the seven primates reveals a significant excess of non-synonymous substitutions. Furthermore, the rate of charge-altering non-synonymous substitution is approximately 1.8 times that of charge-conserving substitution, indicating that the selection is promoting the diversity of the protein charge profile. However, no difference in selective pressure on APOBEC3G is detected between hosts and non-hosts of HIV or simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). These results, together with recent findings that the antiviral activity of APOBEC3G is not limited to HIV/SIV, suggest that the selective pressure on APOBEC3G is not solely from HIV/SIV and that APOBEC3G is a broad antiviral enzyme. The identification of pervasive positive selection for charge-altering amino acid substitutions supports the hypothesis of electrostatic interactions between APOBEC3G and vif or its functional equivalents.
Frequency response of MgO:LiNbO/sub 3/ crystals

MgO-doped congruent LiNbO/sub 3/ were grown by the Czochralski method. All MgO-doped LiNbO/sub 3/ crystals have a higher growing temperature than that of pure crystals. The frequency dependent dielectric spectra was measured to study the relaxational and conduction mechanism. Strong low frequency dispersion indicated that the main conduction mechanism of MgO-doped LiNbO/sub 3/ is by charge carrier hopping which may be caused by defects or Mg-ions. Impedance spectra measurement show that this system does not satisfy a Debye law but Jonscher's "universal law".
Central and regional hemodynamics during the acute onset of renal hypertension in rats.

The purpose of this study was to quantitate the regional changes in flow and resistance which occur during the acute onset of two-kidney, one clip renal hypertension. Anesthetized rats were implanted with a Doppler flow probe and balloon occluder on one renal artery. To produce acute hypertension, the occluder was inflated to reduce renal flow velocity by 50%. After 90 minutes, mean arterial pressure increased 25% above the prestenosis control period value as a result of a 22% increase in peripheral resistance. Regional flows and resistances were determined prior to and 90 minutes after renal artery stenosis by Injection of labelled microspheres into the left ventricle. Our major findings were that: 1) the regional hemodynamic changes in flow and resistance are unevenly distributed among individual organs; and 2) the major site of increased resistance resides in the splanchnic circulation with the largest increases occurring in the small intestine.
Conceptual Change and Evolutionary Developmental Biology

The 1981 Dahlem conference was a catalyst for contemporary evolutionary developmental biology (Evo-devo). This introductory chapter rehearses some of the details of the history surrounding the original conference and its associated edited volume, explicates the philosophical problem of conceptual change that provided the rationale for a workshop devoted to evaluating the epistemic revisions and transformations that occurred in the interim, explores conceptual change with respect to the concept of evolutionary novelty, and highlights some of the themes and patterns in the different contributions to the present volume, Conceptual Change in Biology: Scientific and Philosophical Perspectives on Evolution and Development.
Modulating growth factor release from hydrogels via a protein conformational change

Dynamic hydrogels have played a central role in the development of devices for controlled drug delivery. Previous drug delivery systems based on dynamic hydrogels have typically responded to non-specific, physicochemical stimuli such as heat, light, and pH. Here we describe an alternative approach to develop dynamic, drug-releasing materials based on a protein conformational change induced by a specific biochemical ligand. We report a synthetic process in which a dynamic protein, calmodulin (CaM), was efficiently reacted with poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) molecules. The resulting PEG-CaM-PEG conjugates were then photo-crosslinked to form dynamic hydrogels. The initial composition of PEG-CaM-PEG conjugates affected hydrogel formation and hydrogel dynamic properties. Specifically, various hydrogels prepared with combinations of PEG-CaM-PEG and PEGDA molecules underwent volume decreases of 10%–80% relative to their initial volume when exposed to the biochemical ligand trifluoperazine (TFP). This decrease in volume can be attributed to calmodulin's well-characterized hinge motion upon ligand binding. PEG-CaM-PEG hydrogels released a larger amount of VEGF more rapidly when exposed to the TFP ligand, indicating that the ligand-induced collapse in hydrogel volume could be translated into a significant change in therapeutic growth factor release. The increase in the amount of VEGF was dependent on: (i) the initial amount of VEGF absorbed into the hydrogel; (ii) the magnitude of dynamic volume change; and (iii) the timing of hydrogel exposure to TFP. This study provides a first demonstration that a protein conformational change can be used to modulate release of therapeutic proteins from hydrogels. There are over 200 proteins that undergo well characterized conformational changes, and so this mechanism could be broadly applicable in controlled drug delivery applications.
Description of Euroleptochromus gen.n. (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae) from Baltic amber, with discussion of biogeography and mouthpart evolution within Clidicini

A new extinct species of the ant-like stone beetle supertribe Mastigitae, Euroleptochromus sabathigen. & sp.n. is described from Eocene Baltic amber. A phylogenetic analysis of Clidicini, with representatives of Leptomastacini and Mastigini as out-group taxa, provided strong support for a sister-group relationship between the Neotropical Leptochromus and the new genus. The monophyly of Clidicini is questioned because of an alternative placement of Nearctic Papusus as a sister taxon to Leptomastacini + [Clidicus + (Palaeoleptochromus + (Euroleptochromus + Leptochromus))]. A dispersal-vicariance analysis provided three alternative scenarios for the evolution of Mastigitae; with Laurasia as the ancestral area of the supertribe, major branching events occurring within either Eurasia or Laurentia and two trans-Beringia dispersals in Late Cretaceous and Eocene. Euroleptochromus, Palaeoleptochromus and Leptochromus share highly derived structures on postgenae and maxillary palps, probably as part of a specialised feeding or prey capture mechanism. The formation of these modifications in Clidicini is demonstrated to involve a process (traced back to the Campanian, 79 Ma) of elongation and narrowing of maxillary palps and forming a cuticular setal projection from a broadened insertion site of sensory setae.
Effect of abolition of fetal movement on fetal intravascular PO2 and incidence of tonic myometrial contractures in the pregnant ewe at 114 to 134 days' gestation.

Abstract The possibility that fetal movements play a role in the initiation of the bursts of tonic myometrial activity (contractures) that occur throughout the second half of pregnancy in the sheep has been examined by the administration of the curate derivative pancuronium to abolish fetal movement. The duration and frequency of the electromyographic bursts associated with contractures, as well as the increase in intrauterine pressure generated by the contractures, were unchanged. However, within 1 hour of the abolition of fetal movement, fetal jugular venous Po 2 was significantly elevated and remained elevated for at least 6 hours. This observation is in keeping with the view that fetal skeletal muscle movement consumes significant amounts of oxygen.
Interaction of Escherichia coli RecA Protein with LexA Repressor II. INHIBITION OF DNA STRAND EXCHANGE BY THE UNCLEAVABLE LexA S119A REPRESSOR ARGUES THAT RECOMBINATION AND SOS INDUCTION ARE COMPETITIVE PROCESSES

The Escherichia coli RecA protein is involved in SOS induction, DNA repair, and homologous recombination. In vitro, RecA protein serves as a co-protease to cleave LexA repressor, the repressor of the SOS regulon; in addition, RecA protein promotes homologous pairing and DNA strand exchange, steps important to homologous recombination and DNA repair. To determine if these two functions of RecA protein are competing or parallel, the effect of uncleavable LexA S119A repressor on RecA protein-dependent activities was examined. LexA S119A repressor inhibits both the single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)-dependent ATP hydrolysis and DNA strand exchange activities of RecA protein. As for wild-type LexA repressor (Rehrauer, W. M., Lavery, P. E., Palmer, E. L., Singh, R. N., and Kowalczykowski, S. C. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 23865-23873), inhibition of ATP hydrolysis is dependent upon the presence of E. coli single-stranded DNA binding (SSB) protein, arguing that LexA repressor affects the competition between RecA protein and SSB protein for ssDNA binding sites. In contrast, inhibition of DNA strand exchange activity is SSB protein-independent, suggesting that LexA S119A repressor blocks a site required for DNA strand exchange. These results imply that there is a common site on the RecA protein filament for secondary DNA and LexA repressor binding and raise the possibility that the recombination and co-protease activities of the RecA protein filament are competitive.
Graft-versus-host disease-like erythroderma: a manifestation of thymoma-associated multiorgan autoimmunity.

Thymoma associated multiorgan autoimmunity is a rare paraneoplastic disorder, clinicopathologically similar to graft versus host disease, which is thought to be mediated by dysfunctional negative thymocyte selection and abnormally low levels of Tregs. We report a 50 year old Chinese women with a history of malignant thymoma and myasthenia gravis who developed graft versus host disease- like erythroderma after instituting chemotherapy and undergoing myasthenia crisis. Clinically her rash presented as erythematous scaly papules, which evolved to psoriasiform patches and plaques with foci of vitiligo. Histopathologically the biopsy showed a predominantly interface dermatitis with necrotic keratinocytes extending to the upper levels of the epidermis, and florid basket weave orthokeratosis. Clinical and laboratory work-up ruled out common inflammatory or infectious causes, eventually favoring the diagnosis of TAMA with GVHD-like erythroderma. Unfortunately, the patient underwent multi-organ compromise and death due to respiratory failure from myasthenia crisis. Patients with TAMA have a poor clinical outlook; rare successful treatments include high dose oral steroids and additional modalities including bone marrow transplant and chemotherapeutic or biologic agents. As the predominant findings are in the skin, dermatologists and dermatopathologists are in a unique position to enable the early diagnosis and treatment of this unusual disease.
Advancing Current Treatments: Women, Poverty, and Co-occurring Disorders

This article aims to conceptually advance current treatments for women in poverty experiencing the co-occurring effects of trauma and substance abuse by employing both systemic and feminist perspectives. Treatment of individuals dealing with substance abuse and trauma has revealed reciprocity between the two experiences. Therefore, in order to be effective, it is crucial that treatment takes this relationship into account. By analyzing the case study of one client, Jenny, current treatment models and societal understandings of women with co-occurring disorders will be addressed and challenged. The evidence indicates that integrative treatment plans will be enhanced with the additional aftercare inclusions of intensive case management, Dual Recovery Anonymous, and family therapy.
Techniques in Gynecologic Oncology

Gynecologic oncologists have been performing various minimally invasive procedures for some time for both uterine and cervical cancer. For apparent early-stage ovarian cancer, a minimally invasive approach also seems adequate; however, for advanced disease, an open exploration and maximal effort at tumor debulking still remains the standard of care. Minimally invasive procedures may be used for radical hysterectomy, pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy, and omentectomy. Although most associate radical hysterectomy with cervical cancer, para-aortic lymphadenectomy with uterine cancer, and omentectomy with ovarian cancer, these procedures may be used for any gynecologic malignancy. Some patients may undergo more than one of these minimally invasive techniques. Minimally invasive procedures unique to gynecologic oncology are described in this chapter.
Dr. Weber and the Consumer

The author has developed an intriguing hypothesis about the consumer. He has attempted to relate Weber's Law of Discrimination to consumer motivation.He also shows how this may affect prices, quali...
Peziza phyllogena: an older name for Peziza badioconfusa

Peziza badioconfusa Korf has been described and commented upon by several authors (Korf, 1954; Donadini, 1979; Elliot and Kaufert, 1974). It is one of the commonest spring or early summer American Pezizas and it is known from Europe. Seaver (1928) used the name Peziza badia for this fungus in North America. But Peziza badia has reticulate spores and occurs in the late summer and fall. The earliest name which Korf found for this fungus was Aleuria olivacea Boud. (Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 13: 14. 1897) but because the epithet olivacea is preoccupied in Peziza (Peziza olivacea Batch, 1783) Korf provided a new name-Peziza badioconfusa. He commented that it seemed unlikely that such a large and common Discomycete should have no name prior to Boudier's. The purpose of this note is to detail my findings of an older name for P. badioconfusa.
Study on Injection-production Comprehensive Adjustment Schedule of Shinan 4 Well Field J007 Block

In order to study the inverted nine-spot injection pattern in late-stage development well pattern adjustment and reasonable injection-production system of Shinan 4 well field Toutunhe reservoir,J007 block is selected as demonstration block because its production situation is more complex. On basis of J007 block test area achievement of changing into five-spot injection pattern,by using numerical simulation technique,we can demonstrate feasibility of the whole J007 block changing into five-spot and optimization of injection-production adjustment parameters. By adjusting the uniformity of formation injection-production energy,it can change the direction of water flow,improve the degree of utilization of potential area. As the test area adjustment schedule determined,then designed the comprehensive adjustment schedule of J007 block.
Somatostatin-expressing neurons in cortical networks

Somatostatin-expressing GABAergic neurons constitute a major class of inhibitory neurons in the mammalian cortex and are characterized by dense wiring into the local network and high basal firing activity that persists in the absence of synaptic input. This firing provides both GABA type A receptor (GABAAR)- and GABABR-mediated inhibition that operates at fast and slow timescales. The activity of somatostatin-expressing neurons is regulated by brain state, during learning and in rewarded behaviour. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of how this class of cells can control network activity, with specific reference to how this is constrained by their anatomical and electrophysiological properties.
Neuroanatomical Approach to Radical Cystoprostatectomy with Preservation of Sexual Function

The technique for radical cystoprostatectomy has been modified to avoid injury to the branches of the pelvic plexus that innervate the corpora cavernosa. Although the course of the neurovascular bundles in the region of the prostate and urethra has been well charted, the exact relationship of the cavernous nerves to the seminal vesicles and bladder has remained unclear. In an effort to delineate this anatomy more clearly, detailed anatomical dissections were performed on 9 male human cadavers. This study demonstrated that the pelvic plexus is located retroperitoneally on the lateral wall of the rectum 5 to 11 cm. from the anal verge with its midpoint related to the tip of the seminal vesicle. The cavernous branches travel in a direct route from the pelvic plexus toward the posterolateral base of the prostate, gradually coalescing from a group of fibers approximately 12 mm. wide to a more organized bundle approximately 6 mm. wide at the level of the prostate. Because the bulk of the pelvic plexus and its important branches are located lateral and posterior to the seminal vesicles, the seminal vesicles can be used as a landmark intraoperatively to avoid injury to the pelvic plexus when ligating the posterior pedicle. During the last 5 years 25 men have undergone radical cystoprostatectomy. Pathological evaluation of all specimens demonstrated negative surgical margins and no patient has had locally recurrent tumor. Of the patients undergoing cystectomy alone 83 per cent are potent. Although all patients undergoing urethrectomy were able to have erections postoperatively, only 40 per cent have erections that are sufficient for intercourse. These data indicate that to date it is possible to perform radical cystoprostatectomy with preservation of sexual function in the majority of patients without compromise to the curative aspects of the radical operation.
The efficacy and safety of oral anticoagulation in patients with cancer.

Objectives : To compare the complication rate (bleeding and thrombosis) of oral anticoagulation in a cohort of patients with cancer to a cohort without cancer. Design : Prospective cohort study. Setting : Outpatient anticoagulation clinic in a community hospital. Patients : Consecutive patients enrolled in an anticoagulation clinic : 44 with cancer, 64 without cancer. Interventions : Patients received prophylactic doses of Warfarin (target INR 2-3 in the majority of instances) and complication rates were assessed. Measurements : Major bleeding (strictly defined), minor bleeding, recurrent thrombosis, proportion of time with therapeutic INR, frequency of clinic visits. Results : The rates of major bleeding, minor bleeding, and recurrent thrombosis were not statistically significantly different in the two groups of patients. Therapeutic INR's were more difficult to sustain in the cancer patients as compared to the non-cancer patients (43.3% vs 56.9%, p <0.0001). There was a non significant trend towards more frequent monitoring for the cancer patients compared with the non-cancer patients (4.6 vs 3.5 visits per treatment month, p = 0.14). Conclusions : Oral anticoagulation is safe and effective in the patient with cancer. It is more difficult to sustain a therapeutic INR in the cancer patients and they may need more frequent monitoring to achieve a low complication rate.
Misapplying Moral Hazard in Bioethics

Moral hazard problems arise in markets where one party has an incentive to behave badly and in so doing creates higher than anticipated costs for another party. Modern discussions of moral hazard o...
Social and Economic Impacts of Gambling

This paper is a review of the recent academic literature on the socioeconomic impacts of gambling. The purpose is to provide a review of the most recent contributions to the growing literature regarding the economic and social impacts of gambling, with a focus on casinos. We divide our review into two sections: economic impacts and social impacts. Better data availability across a wider set of jurisdictions has resulted in improved research quality in recent contributions to this literature. The most recent literature in this area suggests that casinos often have at least a modestly positive economic impact on their host economies. It is more difficult to measure the social impacts, and the net social impacts of casinos remain unclear. The variety of conclusions from recent research suggests that the industry’s impacts vary with characteristics of the hosting state, country, or regional economy.
The Legacy of ADI and LOD Methods and an Operator Splitting Algorithm for Solving Highly Oscillatory Wave Problems

Different splitting methods have been playing an important role in computations of numerical solutions of partial differential equations. Modern numerical strategies including mesh adaptations, linear and nonlinear transformations are also utilized together with splitting algorithms in applications. This survey concerns two cornerstones of the splitting methods, that is, the Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) and Local One-Dimensional (LOD) methods, as well as their applications together with an eikonal mapping for solving highly oscillatory paraxial Helmholtz equations in slowly varying envelope approximations of active laser beams. The resulted finite difference scheme is not only oscillation-free, but also asymptotically stable. This ensures the high efficiency and applicability in optical wave applications.
Participant‐Reported Health Status Predicts Cardiovascular and All‐Cause Mortality Independent of Established and Nontraditional Biomarkers: Evidence From a Representative US Sample

Background Participant‐reported health status is a key indicator of cardiovascular health, but its predictive value relative to traditional and nontraditional risk factors is unknown. We evaluated whether participant‐reported health status, as indexed by self‐rated health, predicted cardiovascular disease, and all‐cause mortality risk excess of 10‐year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk scores and 5 nontraditional risk biomarkers. Methods and Results Analyses used prospective observational data from the 1999–2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys among those aged 40 to 79 years (N=4677). Vital status was ascertained through 2011, during which there were 850 deaths, 206 from cardiovascular disease (CVD). We regressed CVD and all‐cause mortality on standardized values of self‐rated health in survival models, adjusting for age, sex, education, existing chronic disease, race/ethnicity, ASCVD risk, and standardized biomarkers (fibrinogen, C‐reactive protein [CRP], triglycerides, albumin, and uric acid). In sociodemographically adjusted models, a 1‐SD decrease in self‐rated health was associated with increased risk of CVD mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.92; 95% CI, 1.51–2.45; P <0.001), and this hazard remained strong after adjusting for ASCVD risk and nontraditional biomarkers (HR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.42–2.26; P <0.001). Self‐rated health also predicted all‐cause mortality even after adjustment for ASCVD risk and nontraditional biomarkers (HR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.35–1.66; P <0.001). Conclusions Self‐rated health provides prognostic information beyond that captured by traditional ASCVD risk assessments and by nontraditional CVD biomarkers. Consideration of self‐rated health in combination with traditional risk factors may facilitate risk assessment and clinical care.