cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
“Imagined Identities, Imagined Nationalisms: Print Culture and Egyptian Nationalism in Light of Recent Scholarship.” A Review Essay of Israel Gershoni and James P. Jankowski, Redefining the Egyptian Nation, 1930–1945 , Cambridge Middle East Studies (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995). Pp. 297

Anthony D. Smith has argued that the idea of the “nation-state” conflates two historical and ideological processes that, even with Western European history serving as the paradigm, were often distinct. Nor was there any uniform evolution in these processes from one stage to the other. For Smith this has meant that “Eastern Europe and the Third World have all been trying to imitate a rather singular model whose ethnic homogeneity, like its parliamentary institutions, simply cannot be transplanted. They have been pursuing a Western mirage … [where] even in the West, the much soughtafter marriage of state and ethnie has not turned out to be all that happy and enduring.” Smith assumes that true nations are based on ethnie, meaning a shared memory of culture, language, and history identified with specific territory stretching into the past that creates both a bond within the group, the precursor to nationhood, and a sense of distinction against other such groups. Here he opposes those whom he calls the “modernists,” who may argue with one another about what constitutes nationalism but agree that it reflects the development of nationhood in the modern era and is not an inevitable extension of ancient historical and cultural bonds.
Iron complexes with isocyanoboryl ligands

Abstract Two stable complexes of C 5 H 5 Fe(CO) 2 with the ligand isocyanoborohydride and the new ligand trimethylamine-isocyanoborane have been characterized. Shifts in the CN stretching frequency are interpreted in terms of N-coordination and metal-cyanide backbonding.
Comparative analysis of non‐random DNA repair following Ac transposon excision in maize and Arabidopsis

Ac/Ds transposable elements often leave short DNA rearrangements, or ‘footprints,’ at the sites where they excise. Previous studies at the maize waxy (wx) gene suggest that the DNA repair that forms transposon footprints is not random. Each excision site consistently displays a different, predominant repair product suggesting flanking DNA may influence footprint formation. We have expanded these studies to show that predominant end-joining products also form in association with Ac/Ds excision in Arabidopsis and that chromosomal location of the Ac-containing construct does not appear to influence this repair. The predominant repair product is identical in both maize and Arabidopsis for Ac elements with the same adjacent DNA sequences. However, a broader range of minor footprint types is observed in Arabidopsis, including footprints that are rare in maize, suggesting potential differences in the host proteins involved in either transposition, repair or both. The data also suggest that the sequences influencing footprint formation are within 39 bp 5′ and 18 bp 3′ of the transposon. These studies demonstrate that transgenic Ac/Ds-containing plants will be useful tools in dissecting plant DNA repair processes.
The influence of different management systems and age on intestinal morphology, immune cell numbers and mucin production from goblet cells in post-weaning pigs

At time of weaning, the immune system in piglets is not fully mature resulting in reduced growth and increased mortality. Early-weaned pigs transported to a segregated early weaning (SEW) facility have enhanced performance and gut development compared to conventional (CONV) pigs which may be due, in part, to decreased pathogen challenge. To gain further insight into SEW enhanced performance and gut development, gut samples from pigs weaned at 19 ± 2 days were assessed during the post-weaning (PW) period. The numbers of cells expressing CD2, CD4, CD8, and CD172 (the 74-22-15 (SWC3) antibody is now known to be specific for CD172), MHC class II, and CD25 were quantified using immunohistochemistry. Additionally, samples of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were evaluated for the production of neutral, acidic, and sulfuric mucins from goblet cells and morphological measurements were also made. No effects due to the management systems alone were observed for any of the parameters. However, there were interactive effects of age/time post-weaning and management system on the immune cells as well as on the mucin secreting goblet cells. There were no differences in gut morphology between SEW and CONV reared pigs.
The Application Of Photoconductive Detectors To The Measurement Of X-Ray Production In Laser Produced Plasmas

Photoconductive detectors (PCDs) offer an attractive alternative for the measurement of pulsed x-rays from laser produced plasmas. These devices are fast (FWHM approx.100 ps), sensitive and simple to use. We have used InP, GaAs, and Type IIa diamond as PCDs to measure x-rays emission from 100 eV to 100 keV. Specifically, we have used these detectors to measure total radiation yields, corona temperatures, and hot electron generated x-rays from laser produced plasmas. 5 refs., 4 figs.
P2I-2 Design of Steep Intensity Distribution for Acoustic Tweezer Using Multiple High Frequency Focused Transducers

Sharp intensity change around a focal point is one of the most essential elements for acoustic tweezers. This paper presents a method to create such intensity distribution by using multiple high frequency focused transducers. In addition to a 50 MHz tweezer transducer, 20 MHz holder transducers are needed for initial positioning of lipid particles into a water chamber. The results demonstrate that the arrangement can provide 3 dB beamwidth of 30 mum to ensure tweezer effect. Aperture sizes of holder and tweezer transducers are 4.4 mm and 2.8 mm, respectively. F-number of all transducers is 0.5. Peak intensity and pressure at the focus are calculated to be 35.4 W/cm2 and 0.7 MPa under 1 mW of acoustic power. Tight focusing is required to minimize acoustic streaming, which undermines the tweezing by acoustic radiation forces. Based on the field distribution obtained from Field II, it is concluded that its large intensity gradient can generate the tweezer effect up to 340 pN in the vicinity of the focus.
SIF cells, cyclic AMP responses, and catecholamines of the guinea pig superior cervical ganglion.

Abstract The superior cervical ganglion (SCG) of the guinea pig has been investigated by a multidisciplinary approach. Dopamine (50 μM) produced no increase in cyclic AMP levels above control values of 27.9 pmole/mg protein, but 50 μM isoproterenol produced cyclic AMP levels of 210 pmole/mg protein, indicating the existence of a β-adrenergic receptor-adenylate cyclase complex. The SIF cells were studied by fluorescence histochemistry, which indicated that two morphological types were present. A few Type I cells of the guinea pig SCG were solitary, but most were present in clusters containing many Type II cells. Immunohistochemical localization of antibodies to dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH) andphenylethanolamine-N-methyl-transferase (PNMT) demonstrated that both types of SIF cell localize antibodies to DBH but not PNMT, providing strong evidence that norepinephrine is the neurotransmitter for all the SIF cells of the guinea pig SCG. Determination of the ratio of norepinephrine to dopamine confirmed that no other dopamine pools exist in the guinea pig SCG.
Goodness-of-fit patterns in a computer cross-validation procedure comparing a linear and a threshold model

Cross-validation is the process of comparing a model’s predictions to data that were not used in the estimation of model parameters. Cross-validation may have some value in identifying source models, especially in cases where the corresponding fitted models require the estimation of different numbers of parameters. Some of the information available from cross-validation is illustrated using a linear and a threshold model, and goodness-of-fit patterns are contrasted with those of conventional model-fitting.
Lexical-semantic skills in bilingual children who are becoming English-dominant: A longitudinal study

Twenty-seven Mandarin-English bilingual children participated in picture identification and picture naming tasks at two time points, 16 months apart. The younger children (mean age = 4 years) showed greater gains over time than the older children (mean age = 6 years 10 months) in English lexical-semantic skills and neither group showed significant gains in Mandarin. At the individual level, a majority of the children showed increased accuracy for the English tasks, but only half of them did so for the Mandarin tasks. Analyses of error distribution indicated production of more advanced error types in the older children and in English, as well as different patterns of time-related changes in error types in the two languages. These findings illustrate how age and initial language proficiency are related to lexical growth among Mandarin-speaking bilingual children who are becoming English-dominant.
Cluster-like coordinates in supersymmetric quantum field theory

Abstract Recently it has become apparent that N = 2 N=2 supersymmetric quantum field theory has something to do with cluster algebras. I review one aspect of the connection: supersymmetric quantum field theories have associated hyperkahler moduli spaces, and these moduli spaces carry a structure that looks like an extension of the notion of cluster variety. In particular, one encounters the usual variables and mutations of the cluster story, along with more exotic extra variables and generalized mutations. I focus on a class of examples where the underlying cluster varieties are moduli spaces of flat connections on surfaces, as considered by Fock and Goncharov [Fock V, Goncharov A (2006) Publ Math Inst Hautes Etudes Sci 103:1–211]. The work reviewed here is largely joint with Davide Gaiotto and Greg Moore.
Exotic atoms and hypernuclei

Abstract We review recent progress in hypernuclear and exotic atom physics. We include a discussion of quasiatomic and very energetic γ rays from the pp atom, and their possible relevance to the multiquark baryonium states. We also summarize the most recent results on the study of Λ and Σ hypernuclei, in particular the proposals for the central and spin-orbit components of the single particle potentials and the spin-spin term in the ΛN residual interaction, as revealed by hypernuclear spectra and γ ray transitions.
The electrical properties and stability of SrTi0.65Fe0.35O3−δ thin films for automotive oxygen sensor applications

Abstract Recently, SrTi0.65Fe0.35O3−δ (STF-35) has received considerable attention for use as a resistive oxygen sensor due to its unusual temperature-independent conductivity above 700 °C and pO2 > 1 Pa. While promising as an alternative to zirconia-based amperometric sensors in lean-burn engines, issues of chemical stability, reliability, and response time must be addressed, as well as achieving an improved scientific understanding of this material. This work focuses on the electrical properties and stability of STF thin films grown via pulsed laser deposition (PLD), which allows for control of crystallinity, microstructure and film morphology, features of relevance for gas sensing. STF-35 films were grown on both single crystal sapphire and MgO substrates. After annealing for 5 h at 1200 °C in ambient atmosphere, the sapphire reacted with the film to form SrAl12O19. No such reaction occurred with the MgO substrate, though RBS data indicates that the film was depleted of Sr and Fe near the interface. The temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity of thin film specimens was characterized with a microprobe station outfitted with a hot stage capable of reaching temperatures of greater than 900 °C. The electrical conductivity of the thin films is at least one order of magnitude lower than the reported data on bulk STF-35 and in contrast to bulk STF-35, shows an activated behavior with activation energies in the range of 0.15–0.22 eV above 500 °C. The modified behavior of the films is ascribed to Fe depletion in the vicinity of the substrate–film interface.
A new adaptive algorithm for turbulent flows

Abstract A novel adaptive algorithm for turbulent flows introduces a combination of grid embedding and grid redistribution techniques, as appears to be necessary for efficient resolution of the small scales involved in viscous flows. A method for implementing an algebraic (Baldwin-Lomax) turbulence model with unstructured embedded meshes is developed also. The adaptive algorithm is applied to airfoil flow fields at relatively high Re values of order 10 6 , and comparisons are made with experimental data. Two airfoil geometries are considered: a single-element NACA 0012 section in both subsonic and transonic flow; and a two-element NLR section in subsonic flow for two distinct flap deflection settings. The latter simulations appear to be the first Navier-Stokes computations presented. Essential flow physics, such as shock-boundary layer interactions and small separation bubbles, are “captured” by the new adaptive algorithm with considerable detail. In addition, the algorithm appears to provide flexibility in generating a mesh around relatively complicated geometries, such as multi-element airfoils.
Adenosine protected against pulmonary edema through transporter- and receptor A2-mediated endothelial barrier enhancement.

We have previously demonstrated that adenosine plus homocysteine enhanced endothelial basal barrier function and protected against agonist-induced barrier dysfunction in vitro through attenuation of RhoA activation by inhibition of isoprenylcysteine-O-carboxyl methyltransferase. In the current study, we tested the effect of elevated adenosine on pulmonary endothelial barrier function in vitro and in vivo. We noted that adenosine alone dose dependently enhanced endothelial barrier function. While adenosine receptor A1 or A3 antagonists were ineffective, an adenosine transporter inhibitor, NBTI, or a combination of DPMX and MRS1754, antagonists for adenosine receptors A2A and A2B, respectively, partially attenuated the barrier-enhancing effect of adenosine. Similarly, inhibition of both A2A and A2B receptors with siRNA also blunted the effect of adenosine on barrier function. Interestingly, inhibition of both transporters and A2A/A2B receptors completely abolished adenosine-induced endothelial barrier enhancement. The adenosine receptor A2A and A2B agonist, NECA, also significantly enhanced endothelial barrier function. These data suggest that both adenosine transporters and A2A and A2B receptors are necessary for exerting maximal effect of adenosine on barrier enhancement. We also found that adenosine enhanced Rac1 GTPase activity and overexpression of dominant negative Rac1 attenuated adenosine-induced increases in focal adhesion complexes. We further demonstrated that elevation of cellular adenosine by inhibition of adenosine deaminase with Pentostatin significantly enhanced endothelial basal barrier function, an effect that was also associated with enhanced Rac1 GTPase activity and with increased focal adhesion complexes and adherens junctions. Finally, using a non-inflammatory acute lung injury (ALI) model induced by α-naphthylthiourea, we found that administration of Pentostatin, which elevated lung adenosine level by 10-fold, not only attenuated the development of edema before ALI but also partially reversed edema after ALI. The data suggest that adenosine deaminase inhibition may be useful in treatment of pulmonary edema in settings of ALI.
Oxidation and adsorption of Co(II)EDTA2− complexes in subsurface materials with iron and manganese oxide grain coatings

Batch interaction experiments were performed under aerobic conditions to characterize the adsorption behavior and valence speciation of CoEDTA complexes (equimolar at 10−5 mol/L) in a series of Pliocene subsurface sediments containing various amounts of Fe and Mn oxides. The experiments were performed in 0.003 mol/L Ca(ClO4)2 with a solids concentration of 500 g/L at variable pH (4–9) and at the natural pH of the sediments (pH = 8.3). Three of these subaerial sediments (Ringold 1, 2, 3) contained significant quantities of extractable Fe and Mn, while the fourth (Ringold 4) was virtually devoid of sesquioxide precipitates. Microscopic and mineralogic analyses of the most heavily encrusted material (Ringold 2) showed that the oxides existed as intergrain cements and contained crystalline goethite and rancieite/todorokite. Adsorption on a synthetic analog sorbent (0.6 mass % ferrihydrite-coated sand) over a range in pH showed that, while both Co(II)EDTA2− and Co(III)EDTA− sorb as anions, the divalent Co complex forms stronger surface complexes with FeOH sites. In the subsurface sediments containing both Fe and Mn oxides, however, the sorption of Co(II)EDTA2− and Co(III)EDTA− was low and equivalent, suggesting transformation to a common valence form. Ion chromatography documented that Co(III)EDTA− was the equilibrium species and that the oxidation of Co(II)EDTA2− was rapid. Sorption of Co(II)EDTA2− in the Ringold 4 sediment was different: no oxidation was seen and Al(aq)3+ promoted dissociation of the complex. Sorption experiments with Co(III)EDTA− and Ni(II)EDTA2− on Ringold 2 sediment demonstrated that the natural Fe oxide fraction was a poor anion sorbent, in contrast to ferrihydrite coated sand. Experimental evidence suggests Co(II)EDTA2− remains intact during oxidation and that dissolved Si, and Si coreacted with the Fe oxides, influence McEDTA sorption. It is concluded that Mn oxides could greatly accelerate the potential migration of CoEDTA complexes in subsurface systems.
Neutron-Proton Scattering at 90 Mev

An experimental measurement of the angular distribution of protons scattered by neutrons in the neutron beam of the 184-inch Berkeley cyclotron has been made with a Wilson cloud chamber with magnetic field. The results show that the scattering is not isotropic in the center of mass system and that it is not symmetric about 90 degrees. The peak of protons in the forward direction indicates that a certain amount of charge exchange is taking place between the neutron and proton.
Computing unique three-dimensional object aspects representation

Abstract This paper presents a new method for representing two-dimensional (2-D) views of three-dimensional (3-D) objects based on aspect graphs. Each view is represented as a unique tree that is further encoded as a string of numbers, different for each topologically different view. This method enables a consistent and efficient way of indexing the aspects in an image structure graph or an aspect database. The objects considered in the paper are polyhedral solids, but the method can be easily extended to any class of objects. Furthermore, the complexities and experimental results for the sequential and parallel versions are presented.
The concurrent graph: basic technology for irregular problems

The article describes basic programming techniques and technology to support large scale irregular applications on hybrid architectures. This support maintains applications investments by providing portability, scalability, and maintainability. An application is developed in terms of a concurrent graph library. The concurrent graph library provides a clear conceptual framework for developing large scale, irregular applications on hybrid parallel architectures. It allows adaptive refinement of computations, automatic load balancing and interactive, on the fly visualization.
Development of a radioimmunoassay procedure for 4-acetamidobiphenyl, a metabolite of the chemical carcinogen 4-aminobiphenyl, in urine.

The synthetic chemical 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP) has been shown to be a bladder carcinogen in both man and animals. A valid radioimmunoassay for a metabolite of 4-ABP has been developed as a means to monitor potential human exposure to 4-ABP. The antibody was produced by the immunization of two female New Zealand White rabbits and was found to be highly specific for 4-acetamidobiphenyl (4-AABP), the acetylated metabolite of 4-ABP. At an initial dilution of 1/5000, the antisera bound 45% of the [125I]-labeled derivative of 4-ABP. This derivative was prepared by coupling 4-hemisuccinamidobiphenyl (4-HSBP) with tyramine, and then radioiodinating this compound using the enzymatic lactoperoxidase method. The dose of 4-acetamidobiphenyl which would displace 50% of the labeled hapten initially bound to the antiserum, was about 1 ng (4.8 pmol). Scatchard analysis of the standard curve binding data indicated the presence of at least two populations of binding sites. The equilibrium association constant for the higher binding affinity component was 2.8 x 10(8) Liters/mole. A series of 210 randomly selected human urine control samples were analyzed and a nonspecific background contribution of 1.67 +/- 0.07 ng (mean + S.E.) of "4-acetamidobiphenyl"/mL urine was found.
Brain Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Type 2 Shedding Contributes to the Development of Neurogenic Hypertension

Rationale:Overactivity of the brain renin–angiotensin system is a major contributor to neurogenic hypertension. Although overexpression of angiotensin-converting enzyme type 2 (ACE2) has been shown to be beneficial in reducing hypertension by transforming angiotensin II into angiotensin-(1–7), several groups have reported decreased brain ACE2 expression and activity during the development of hypertension. Objective:We hypothesized that ADAM17-mediated ACE2 shedding results in decreased membrane-bound ACE2 in the brain, thus promoting the development of neurogenic hypertension. Methods and Results:To test this hypothesis, we used the deoxycorticosterone acetate–salt model of neurogenic hypertension in nontransgenic and syn-hACE2 mice overexpressing ACE2 in neurons. Deoxycorticosterone acetate–salt treatment in nontransgenic mice led to significant increases in blood pressure, hypothalamic angiotensin II levels, inflammation, impaired baroreflex sensitivity, and autonomic dysfunction, as well as decreased h...
Types and occurrence of morphological anomalies in Scaphirhynchus spp. of the Middle and Lower Mississippi River

Summary Sturgeon specimens encountered in the wild that exhibit visible signs of gross physical trauma often look to the naked eye to be in otherwise good condition. Visible morphological anomalies were observed in 9.1% of 176 pallid (Scaphirhynchus albus) and 4.6% of 4904 shovelnose (Scaphirhynchus platorynchus) sturgeon specimens captured in the Middle (mouth of Missouri River to mouth of Ohio River) and Lower (below mouth of Ohio River) Mississippi River from 1997 to 2004. Frequencies among the types of anomalies differed between the lower and middle river reaches. In the lower river, deformities from foreign objects (typically rubber bands) comprised almost one-third of anomalies observed and may have contributed to other types of anterior injury which, if combined, would comprise the majority of lower river anomalies. In the middle river, nearly half of the observed anomalies involved damage to the caudal peduncle, usually a missing tail. Power regressions from length–weight relationships were compared for anomalous and non-anomalous specimens and demonstrated no significant disparity, verifying the resiliency of river sturgeons.
Nonexistence of complete sufficient statistics for stationary k-state Markov chains,k≧3

It is shown that there does not exist a complete sufficient statistic for the class of allk-state Markov chains,k≧3. Whenk=2 there is a complete sufficient statistic.
Complete denture prosthodontics—The state of the art☆

The analysis of the state of the art of complete denture prosthodontics cannot be adequately discussed by any one person, and even if attempted, the subject could not be explored in detail in the space usually allocated for one article. Nevertheless, I will do the best I can to make an honest appraisal of prosthodontics as I see it. Thus, in this article I will discuss, first, the technical accomplishments in complete denture prosthodontics, and, second, some of the philosophic, educational, and political situations and attitudes that are affecting prosthodontics.
Monitoring, Money and Migrants: Countering Post-Accession Backsliding in Bulgaria and Romania

Using cross-national governance indicators and evidence from a recent Bulgarian survey, this essay examines political reforms in Bulgaria and Romania since EU accession and, in particular, the ‘backsliding’ hypothesis—that these countries have abandoned or reversed the reforms they introduced in order to qualify for membership of the European Union. It finds no systematic evidence either that these countries have been backsliding or that their trajectories differ significantly from their first-wave Central and East European neighbours, though governance reforms have slowed after accession. The second part of the essay focuses on the mechanisms responsible for the lack of significant backsliding, emphasising the role of continued conditionality through the safeguard clauses, EU funding and increasing linkage between new and old EU members, including opportunities for East Europeans to work and travel in Western Europe.
The Estimation of Blood Urea by the Xanthydrol Reaction

— A simple inexpensive test is described for the estimation of blood urea. The Xanthydrol turbidity reaction is quickly determined and is a reasonably accurate method for quantitative estimation of nitrogen retention in chronic nephritis cases. Resume— Un test simple et economique est decrit pour la recherche et le dosage de l'uree sanguine. L'opacite de la reaction du Xanthydrol est rapidement determinee et constitue une methode assez precise pour l'estimation quantitative de la retention azotee dans les cas de nephrite chronique. Zusammenfassung— Es wird ein einfacher, billiger Test fur die Blutharnstoff bestimmung beschrieben. Die Xanthydrol-Trubungsreaktion ist schnell durchfuhrbar und ist eine ziemlich direkte Methode zur quantitativen Bestimmung der Stickstoffretention bei Fallen von chronischer Nephritis.
Computing equilibrium prices: does theory meet practice?

The best known algorithms for the computation of market equilibria, in a general setting, are not guaranteed to run in polynomial time. On the other hand, simple poly-time algorithms are available for various restricted – yet important – markets. In this paper, we experimentally explore the gray zone between the general problem and the poly-time solvable special cases. More precisely, we analyze the performance of some simple algorithms, for inputs which are relevant in practice, and where the theory does not provide poly-time guarantees.
Activation of c-src neuron-specific splicing by an unusual RNA element in vivo and in vitro

A conserved positive-acting RNA sequence was found to be required for the neuron-specific splicing of the mouse c-src N1 exon. The sequence lies in the intron between exons N1 and 4, close to the N1 donor site. Normally, only the neural-specific splicing of exon N1 required this sequence. When the intron downstream of N1 was shortened, splicing at the constitutive exon 4 acceptor also became dependent on the activating sequence. The neuronal and nonneuronal patterns of src splicing were reconstituted in vitro. HeLa cell extracts spliced exon 4 to exon 3, skipping exon N1. Weri-1 retinoblastoma cell extracts spliced exon 4 to exon N1 as well as to exon 3. Both patterns of splicing were dependent on the activating sequence. A 123 nt RNA containing just the activating sequence specifically inhibited both patterns of src splicing, indicating that factors bound to the activator were required for its effects.
Silurian vegetation stature and density inferred from fossil soils and plants in Pennsylvania, USA

Silurian fossil plants range from small vascular plants (rhyniophytes) to moderately large fungi (nematophytes), but give little idea of the stature, rooting depth and plant density of vegetation on land. Silurian to earliest Devonian palaeosols from the Bloomsburg Formation show unusually deep bioturbation of several distinct kinds. Surface ground-parallel rhizomes of vascular land plants (to 20 cm deep) are penetrated by burrows like those of millipedes (to 80 cm), but the deepest stratum (down to 2 m below the surface) has features interpreted as bioturbation by fungal hyphae and rhizines. Plant-like axes associated with palaeosols are evidence of vegetation with three distinct tiers above ground as inferred from diameters using allometric scaling equations. Nematophytes ( Germanophyton psygmophylloides ), up to 1.3 m tall, formed a tier above herbaceous vascular land plants (30 cm) and ground cover ( −2 ) with spacing (20 cm) that closed canopy in seasonally dry wetland palaeosols, comparable with modern marsh vegetation. Vascular land plants of well-drained soils in contrast were scattered, with bare earth between. Wetland ground cover was thus more extensive than cover of well-drained soils, and precursor lichens facilitated early evolution of vascular land plants. Supplementary Material: Tables of mineral and grain-size proportions, major-element chemical analyses, and plant spacing and size are available at http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18848.
Dosage compensation in Drosophila: the X-chromosomal binding of MSL-1 and MLE is dependent on Sxl activity.

In Drosophila, dosage compensation, i.e. the equalization of levels of X-linked gene products in the two sexes, is achieved by the hypertranscription of most X-linked genes in males relative to females. The products of at least four genes, collectively termed male-specific lethal (msl) genes, are required for this process and, at least in the case of three of them, mediate this function through an association with the X chromosome in males. We have studied some of the parameters that affect the association of the msl-1 gene product and found that its presence is dependent on the wild-type function of the other three genes, leading to the conclusion that these gene products contribute to the formation of a multi-subunit complex. Furthermore, the X-chromosomal association of the msl-1 and mle gene products is negatively correlated with the level of function of the master regulatory gene Sxl and can assume either a mosaic or a uniform distribution in the tissues of mutant XX individuals. Surprisingly, we also found that the association of these two msl gene products with the two X chromosomes in females of certain mutant genotypes does not result in the hypertranscription of X-linked genes or in any apparent reduction in viability.
Noise and Electromagnetically Induced Transparency

We report coherence-induced conversion of laser phase noise to intensity noise via interaction with an atomic medium. The spectrum of intensity fluctuations exhibits a narrow linewidth, that is immune to power broadening.
Discrepant Glucose Results between Capillary and Venous Blood in an 83-Year-Old White Man

Herein, we present a case of pseudohypoglycemia induced by hypothermia in an 83-year-old white man in whom glucose levels between venous and capillary blood were discrepant. Although pseudohypoglycemia has been reported in the literature, it is under-recognized among health care professionals and laboratorians. Health care professionals may encounter pseudohypoglycemia using glucose meters; the potentially inaccuracy of glucose meter results for critically ill patients has been intensely debated recently. Thus, this article should be educational for the point-of-care community.
A Feasibility Test: Crustal Studies Using COCORP Vibroseis Signals and Microearthquake Recorders

INTRODUCTION In January of 1987, in conjunction with the Consortium for Continental Reflection Profiling (COCORP) Mississippi embayment survey, we recorded a small portion of the COCORP Vibroseis®1 sources using single-component analog MEQ-800 and three-component digital DR-100 portable recording systems. This limited field experiment was designed to test the feasibility of using the Vibroseis seismic sources and a portable earthquake recording system to probe the crustal structures. DATA ACQUISITION The locations of the experiment are shown in Figure 1 along with COCORP line 1 which is an east-west line starting near the western boundary of the Mississippi embayment. The field recording was carried out on two different sites along the COCORP line. Site 1 (indicated by the small square in Figure 1) is about 20 km south of Jonesboro, Arkansas, and site 2 (indicated by the large square) is in the vicinity of Marked Tree which was the probable center of one of the three great New Madrid earthquakes that occurred in the winter of 1811–1812 (Nuttli, 1973). The COCORP source parameters are given in Table 1. The recording geometries used at sites 1 and 2 are shown in Figure 2. Receivers were placed along the COCORP line at site 1 and perpendicular to the line at site 2. The majority of the geophones were planted in moist to muddy soil. During the operation, all of the receivers remained fixed while five Vibroseis trucks moved towards the receivers. The maximum recording apertures for sites 1 and 2 were about 4 and . . .
Calculation of Main Steam Flow in Various Control Valves of Steam Turbine

To perform various analyses of steam turbine under varying working conditions,it is very important to acquire the main steam flow in related control valves.Based on accurate characterization of the main steam flow,and in combination of the law between steam flow and nozzle outlet pressure(oval relation),a model has been set up for calculation of steam flow in various control valves,with which relevant calculations are achieved.The case calculation for a 300 MW unit proves this method to be effective.
Diverticular Diseases of the Colon and Lower Small Intestine

This chapter discusses the pathogenesis and management of the diseases of those blind pouches of the lower intestine called diverticula. Diverticula may be congenital or acquired. They may also be classified as true diverticula if they contain in their wall each layer of the bowel or false diverticula if their walls consist only of mucosa and submucosa that has partially or completely penetrated the muscularis. The appendix, Meckel diverticula, and solitary diverticula of the right colon are congenital true diverticula, the appendix being a normal anatomical structure while the others are anomalies. Zenker and jejunal diverticula are examples of acquired false diverticula, the former being a prominent cause of dysphagia and aspiration pneumonitis in older patients, particularly men, while the latter when multiple are an uncommon cause of malabsorption of fat and macrocytosis because of colonization by bacteria and resultant intraluminal deconjugation of bile acids and consumption of vitamin B 12 . By these classifications, the ubiquitous disorder known as diverticulosis of the colon is also a collection of acquired false diverticula.
Differential modulation of LTB4 synthesis and degradation in mononuclear phagocytes.

Fifth AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research, Nov 12-15, 2006 B74 Leukotrienes have been implicated to play a prominent inductive role in carcinogenesis. We previously reported that tobacco smoke enhanced LTB4 production by stimulated alveolar macrophages (AM). This study aims to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. AM obtained from current, former and never smokers were harvested and conditioned with LPS and/or tobacco smoke for up to 7 days. Conditioned culture supernatant, total RNA, and proteins were harvested to determine the effects of LPS and/or tobacco smoke on LTB4 synthesis and metabolism. We found that LPS induced the release of LTB4 from AM and down-regulated 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and 5-LOX activating protein (FLAP) mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner, followed by a decrease in 5-LOX protein production and normalization of LTB4 levels, suggesting the presence of a negative feedback mechanism. LPS concomitantly induced expression and activity of the LTB4 metabolizing enzyme, LTB4 omega hydroxylase (LTB4OH). The up-regulation of LTB4OH mRNA expression was not observed in the monocytic leukemia-derived cell line, THP-1, or in AM obtained from current smokers. In vitro smoke exposure of ex-smoker's AM also abrogated the LPS-induced up-regulation of LTB4OH mRNA expression. The differential modulation of LTB4 synthesis and degradation in the setting of tobacco smoke exposure and malignancy suggest that mechanisms associated with sustained elevation of LTB4 levels in the lung microenvironment may contribute to lung carcinogenesis.
Treatments to Increase Social Awareness and Social Skills

There is an extensive literature on methods for increasing the social awareness and social skills of people with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) of every diagnostic category and every age. This work varies in research quality from the mediocre to the exemplary, although the exemplary are outnumbered by the less rigorous. One reason for the focus on treating social behaviors is that qualitative impairments in social interaction are intrinsic to ASDs (APA 2000). To support people on the autism spectrum in learning sufficient social behavior to move with reasonable comfort within the wider “neurotypical” society, a great deal of work needs to be done by them and by us to help them master sufficient knowledge and skills to handle social encounters. Our teaching methods should be efficient and effective.
Learning the mechanisms of chemical disequilibria.

When at equilibrium, large-scale systems obey thermodynamics because they have microscopic configurations that are typical. “Typical” states are a fraction of those possible with the majority of the probability. A more precise definition of typical states underlies the transmission, coding, and compression of information. However, this definition does not apply to natural systems that are transiently away from equilibrium. Here, we introduce a variational measure of typicality and apply it to atomistic simulations of a model for hydrogen oxidation. While a gaseous mixture of hydrogen and oxygen combusts, reactant molecules transform through a variety of ephemeral species en route to the product, water. Out of the exponentially growing number of possible sequences of chemical species, we find that greater than 95% of the probability concentrates in less than 1% of the possible sequences. Overall, these results extend the notion of typicality across the nonequilibrium regime and suggest that typical sequences are a route to learning mechanisms from experimental measurements. They also open up the possibility of constructing ensembles for computing the macroscopic observables of systems out of equilibrium.
A Novel Processing Approach for Additive Manufacturing of Commercial Aluminum Alloys

Abstract Aluminum 6061 is of great commercial interest due to its ubiquitous use in manufacturing, advantageous mechanical properties, and its successful certification in aerospace applications. However, as an off-eutectic with accompanying large freezing range, attempts to process the material by additive manufacturing have resulted in part cracking and diminished mechanical properties. A unique approach using mixed powders is presented to process this historically difficult-to-process material. Expansion of this combined-powder approach to other materials systems not typically compatible with additive manufacturing is possible. Dense parts without solidification cracking have been produced by the SLM process, as verified using SEM and EDS. An overview of this approach is presented along with test results using an Al-Si mixture.
Aging in the right place, by Stephen M. Golant

I had looked forward to reading Stephen Golant’s Aging in the right place for two reasons when I first learned of it. The topic intrigued me, and I remembered getting to know the author when I was ...
Do Varieties of Spanish Influence U.S. Spanish–English Bilingual Children's Friendship Judgments?

Latinos are the largest minority group in the United States (U.S. Census, 2014), yet this term comprises individuals from multiple ethnicities who speak distinct varieties of Spanish. We investigated whether Spanish–English bilingual children (N = 140, ages 4–17) use Spanish varieties in their social judgments. The findings revealed that children distinguished varieties of Spanish but did not use Spanish dialects to make third-person friendship judgments until 10–12 years; this effect became stronger in adolescence. In contrast, young children (4–6 years) made friendship judgments based on a speaker's language (English, Spanish). Thus, using language varieties as a social category and as a basis for making social inferences is a complex result of multiple influences for Spanish-speaking children growing up bilingual in the United States.
CHAPTER 3-5 – PROTONS BONDED TO sp3 CARBON ATOMS IN NON-AROMATIC CYCLIC STRUCTURES

Publisher Summary The variety of cyclic structures is quite astronomical, and it is very important to realize the limitations to the applicability of data obtained from model compounds. To be a useful model for cyclic structures, a compound must be of known conformation. For example, in the absence of supporting data, the chemical shift of the methine proton in cyclohexanol could not be used as a reliable model for the chemical shift of the methane proton at the carbon bearing the hydroxyl group in a rigid six-membered ring, even if it was possible to ignore long-range influences as a result of substituents. This is because the former is an average of an unknown percentage of forms with axial and equatorial hydroxyl groups, while in the latter, the conformation of the hydroxyl group and the methine proton is fixed. Thus, the frozen spectrum of cyclohexanol, which would yield the chemical shifts of the pure axial and pure equatorial methine protons, would be a more useful model than the averaged spectrum. This chapter illustrates chemical shifts in some hydroaromatic compounds and cyclic ketones, lactones, and lactams.
Preventing fractures in the masters athlete: we can do better.

Our population is ageing. By 2030, the number of Americans over age 65 years is expected to reach 74.1 million.1 Maintaining physical activity levels will become increasingly important to mitigate the effects of chronic disease in our ageing patient population. The American College of Sports Medicine recommends 150 min per week of moderate intensity exercise.2 A subset of ageing athletes are meeting and exceeding recommended physical activity levels, with an increasing number of athletes ages 40 years and older participating in Ironman competitions, ultracycling events, ultramarathons and long-distance inline skating. Exercise can reduce many of the negative effects of ageing, and weight-bearing exercise is one of the mainstays of osteoporosis management. However, exercise alone cannot overcome physiological age-related declines in bone density. Bone density peaks in the third decade of life, and then steadily declines,3 4 placing older athletes at risk for …
Improving communication resilience for effective disaster relief operations

The objective of this paper is to identify strategies to improve the resilience of interagency communication between relief organizations and the community when dealing with an emergency. This research draws from frameworks including information theory, organization design, and how the private sector has learned and evolved from the challenges of information flow to provide guidance to disaster relief agencies. During times of emergency, private organizations as well as public authorities must coordinate in real time to create an effective response. When coordination is absent, failure results, as was seen after Hurricane Katrina and the Haiti Earthquake. Using data that the authors collected immediately after these disasters, two case studies of systemic failure are presented to extract lessons that might be used to improve communication resilience through coordination between parties in humanitarian relief operations. Recent emergency response trends are identified, and the paper argues that the persistence of response failures is not surprising, in part because response organizations normally operate independently, and their operations evolve at different rates. As a result, the organizational interfaces that enable rapid integration during a disaster naturally degrade and may be weak or absent. Integrating the literature on information processing theory and organization design with the data from the two case studies, the paper proposes that increasing the resilience of disaster response systems can be achieved by (1) improving the interoperability and information flow across organizational boundaries; (2) increasing the synergies between organizations on adapting new technology such as social media for the coordination of structured and unstructured data for use in decision-making, and (3) increasing the flexibility of relief organizations to use external resources from areas not affected by disasters on an opportunistic basis. The paper concludes by discussing resilience enhancing solutions including boundary spanning investments and argues that effective emergency response does not result from sporadic or intermittent efforts but rather requires sustained investment, continuous monitoring, and data collection.
GeoSClean: Secure Cleaning of GPS Trajectory Data Using Anomaly Detection

Today cloud-based GPS enabled services or Location Based Services (LBS) are used more than ever because of a burgeoning number of smartphones and IoT devices and their uninterrupted connectivity to cloud. However, a number of hacking attacks on cloud raise serious security and privacy concerns among users; due to which many users do not like to share their location information. This poses a challenging problem of availing LBS from the cloud without revealing users location. Also, often GPS receivers record incorrect location data, which can affect the accuracy of LBS. In this paper, we propose a method, called GeoSClean, that not only cleans the GPS trajectory data using a novel anomaly detection scheme but also keeps users location confidential. Anomaly points are detected considering the combination of properties of the GPS trajectory data as distance, velocity, and acceleration. The experimental results validate the utility of the proposed method.
Safety and efficacy of chronic suppressive azole therapy for endemic fungal infections in solid organ transplant recipients.

BACKGROUND Although the research is limited, treatment guidelines recommend lifelong suppressive azole therapy for disseminated endemic fungal infection (EFI) after solid organ transplantation (SOT). Suppressive azole therapy may prevent EFI recurrence at the risk of hepatotoxicity and drug interactions. We present real-world safety and effectiveness data of chronic suppressive azole therapy for EFI in SOT recipients over a 10-year period at a single comprehensive transplant center. METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted of SOT recipients diagnosed with EFI from January 1, 2005, to May 1, 2015. Chronic suppressive azole therapy was defined as treatment for more than 12 months after diagnosis. Effectiveness of suppression was defined as preventing EFI reactivation. Safety endpoints included adverse reactions and drug interactions. RESULTS Over a 10-year period, 28 SOT recipients were diagnosed with EFI: 16 histoplasmosis, 9 blastomycosis, and 3 coccidioidomycosis. Eighteen (64%) patients were treated with chronic suppressive azole therapy for a median length of 36 months (range 15-90). One patient had an adverse drug interaction requiring azole discontinuation. There were no episodes of azole-related hepatotoxicity, toxicity from antirejection medication, or EFI reactivation. CONCLUSIONS Chronic suppressive azole therapy was safe and effective in preventing reactivation of EFI in SOT recipients.