cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
C60 rotation in the solid state: dynamics of a faceted spherical top.

The rotational dynamics of C60 in the solid state have been investigated with carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR). The relaxation rate due to chemical shift anisotropy (1/9T1CSA1) was precisely measured from the magnetic field dependence of T1, allowing the molecular reorientational correlation time, τ, to be determined. At 283 kelvin, τ = 9.1 picoseconds; with the assumption of diffusional reorientation this implies a rotational diffusion constant D = 1.8 x 1010 per second. This reorientation time is only three times as long as the calculated τ for free rotation and is shorter than the value measured for C60 in solution (15.5 picoseconds). Below 260 kelvin a second phase with a much longer reorientation time was observed, consistent with recent reports of an orientational phase transition in solid C60. In both phases τ showed Arrhenius behavior, with apparent activation energies of 1.4 and 4.2 kilocalories per mole for the high-temperature (rotator) and low-temperature (ratchet) phases, respectively. The results parallel those found for adamantane.
Electronic interactions in bimetallic bonding: molecular-orbital study of Pd/Al(111) andAu/Al(111)

The interaction of Pd and Au with Al(111) has been studied using ab initio SCF calculations and cluster models. The bonding mechanism ofPd and Au on Al(111) involves electron transfer from the valence d orbitals of the admetals toward the substrate, and a compensating charge transfer from the substrate into the valence (s,p) orbitals of the admetals. Pd behaves as a net electron donor (Pdδ+, δ≈0.25e), while Au acts as a net electron acceptor (Auδ−, δ≈0.10e). In spite of this difference in the net direction of charge transfer, both admetals show shifts toward higher binding energy in their d bands, as a consequence of losses in the d-electron population. The electronic perturbations observed after bonding Pd to Al are as large as those found for Pd bonded to early-transition metals, and much bigger than those found when Pd is bonded to late-transition metals. Similar trends are seen for Au adatoms. In general, the reduction in the Pd(4d) or Au(5d) population increases when the fraction of empty states in the valence band of the substrate rises. Changes in the electronic and chemical properties of Pd overlayers (positive binding-energy shifts in the core and valence levels of the admetal, decrease in the work function of the substrate, reduction in the CO-desorption temperature from Pd) can be explained in terms of a simple model that involves Pd(4d) → substrate charge transfer and Pd(4d) → Pd (5s,5p) rehybridization.
Identification of 104 rapidly-evolving nuclear protein-coding markers for amplification across scaled reptiles using genomic resources

As the fields of molecular systematics and phylogeography are advancing, it is necessary to incorporate multiple loci in both population and species-level inference. Here, we present primer sets for 104 intronless orthologus exons designed for amplification in all squamates. When comparing the Anolis genome to the Gallus genome, all the markers have less than 67.2% DNA sequence identity, the percent identity of the first third of the commonly used nuclear marker RAG-1. The rate of evolution in these markers is therefore greater than nuclear markers commonly used, and we demonstrate their usefulness for both phylogeographic and phylogenetic studies.
The Potential for Changing the Health Care System within the Current Polish Transformations

The health care system in Poland is characterised by central planning, by lack of separation of the preventive function and by being financed by the state. The author proposes a new approach which is now feasible within the framework of a democratic, elected government. Certain factors are proposed which will create a different and more effective health care system responsive to local need. These factors include separation of preventive and therapeutic functions, the provision of both public and private health insurance and local determination of needs and services.
Mutual information between discrete and continuous data sets.

Mutual information (MI) is a powerful method for detecting relationships between data sets. There are accurate methods for estimating MI that avoid problems with “binning” when both data sets are discrete or when both data sets are continuous. We present an accurate, non-binning MI estimator for the case of one discrete data set and one continuous data set. This case applies when measuring, for example, the relationship between base sequence and gene expression level, or the effect of a cancer drug on patient survival time. We also show how our method can be adapted to calculate the Jensen–Shannon divergence of two or more data sets.
Introduction to JA&WMA Special Issue on Air Quality and Human Health.

S. Trivikrama Rao, Ph.D.As a result of the U.S. Clean Air Act, great progress has been made in improving the nation’s air quality over the past five decades. It has been demonstrated that this impr...
Monte Carlo simulation of transport from an electrothermal vaporizer

Abstract Monte Carlo simulations were developed to elucidate the time and spatial distribution of analyte during the transport process from an electrothermal vaporizer to an inductively coupled plasma. A time-of-flight mass spectrometer was employed to collect experimental data that was compared with the simulated transient signals. Consideration was given to analyte transport as gaseous species as well as aerosol particles. In the case of aerosols, the simulation assumed formation of 5 nm particles and used the Einstein–Stokes equation to estimate the aerosol's diffusion coefficient, which was ca. 1% of the value for free atom diffusion. Desorption conditions for Cu that had been previously elucidated for electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry were employed for the release processes from the electrothermal vaporizer. The primary distinguishing feature in the output signal to differentiate between gas and aerosol transport was a pronounced, long lived signal after the transient peak if aerosols were transported. Time and spatial distributions of particles within the transport system are presented. This characteristic was supported by independent atomic absorption measurements using a heated (or unheated) quartz T-tube with electrothermal vaporizer introduction.
Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Atrial Fibrillation in the Elderly Prevalence and Outcomes

Background—Although atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common complication of acute myocardial infarction (MI), patient characteristics and association with outcomes remain poorly defined in the elderly. Methods and Results—We evaluated 106 780 Medicare beneficiaries ≥65 years of age from the Cooperative Cardiovascular Project treated for acute MI between January 1994 and February 1996 to determine the prevalence and prognostic significance of AF complicating acute MI in elderly patients. Patients were categorized on the basis of the presence of AF, and those with AF were further subdivided by time of AF (present on arrival versus developing during hospitalization). AF and non-AF patients were compared by univariate analysis, and logistic regression modeling was used to identify clinical predictors of AF. The influence of AF on outcomes was evaluated by unadjusted Kaplan-Meier survival curves and logistic regression models. AF was documented in 23 565 patients (22.1%): 11 510 presented with AF and 12 055 devel...
Endothelial cell barrier regulation by sphingosine 1-phosphate

Disruption of vascular barrier integrity markedly increases permeability to fluid and solute and is the central pathophysiologic mechanism of many inflammatory disease processes, including sepsis and acute lung injury (ALI). Dynamic control of the endothelial barrier involves complex signaling to the endothelial cytoskeleton and to adhesion complexes between neighboring cells and between cells and the underlying matrix. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a biologically active lipid generated by hydrolysis of membrane lipids in activated platelets, organizes actin into a strong cortical ring and strengthens both intercellular and cell-matrix adherence. The mechanisms by which S1P increases endothelial barrier integrity remain the focus of intense basic research. The downstream structural changes induced by S1P interact to decrease vascular permeability to fluid and solute, which translates into a reduction lung edema formation in animal models of ALI, thus suggesting a potentially life-saving therapeutic role for vascular barrier modulation in critically ill patients.
Taste Neurons Have Multiple Inductive Roles in Mammalian Gustatory Developmenta

: The embryonic loss of brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF)-dependent taste axons in bdnf null mutant mice secondarily impairs the development of gustatory epithelia and taste buds. In normal mice gustatory development continues for at least two weeks postnatally as axons promote taste bud formation. We conclude that taste axons in the fungiform, foliate, vallate and nasopalate papillae: i) promote papilla development, and ii) establish competent gustatory cells and iii) mature taste buds. Hence, gustatory innervation contributes critically to at least three of the multiple inductive interactions controlling the development of mammalian gustatory structures.
Future affective technology for autism and emotion communication.

People on the autism spectrum often experience states of emotional or cognitive overload that pose challenges to their interests in learning and communicating. Measurements taken from home and school environments show that extreme overload experienced internally, measured as autonomic nervous system (ANS) activation, may not be visible externally: a person can have a resting heart rate twice the level of non-autistic peers, while outwardly appearing calm and relaxed. The chasm between what is happening on the inside and what is seen on the outside, coupled with challenges in speaking and being pushed to perform, is a recipe for a meltdown that may seem to come ‘out of the blue’, but in fact may have been steadily building. Because ANS activation both influences and is influenced by efforts to process sensory information, interact socially, initiate motor activity, produce meaningful speech and more, deciphering the dynamics of ANS states is important for understanding and helping people on the autism spectrum. This paper highlights advances in technology that can comfortably sense and communicate ANS arousal in daily life, allowing new kinds of investigations to inform the science of autism while also providing personalized feedback to help individuals who participate in the research.
Transcobalamin II synthesized in the intestinal villi facilitates transfer of cobalamin to the portal blood

This study was designed to identify the cellular component of the intestinal villus where transcobalamin II (TCII) is synthesized, because this protein provides an essential function in the intesti...
Isochromosome 7q in adult Wilms' tumor

We describe cytogenetic and histologic findings in a Wilms' tumor resected from a 37-year-old man. The tumor karyotype was 45,X,-Y,i(7)(q10). These findings are notable because overrepresentation of chromosome 7 long arm material, i(7)(q10) in particular, has been described recently as a nonrandom event in pediatric Wilms' tumors. The present case suggests a shared genetic pathway in the initiation or progression of some pediatric and adult Wilms' tumors.
Bang-bang aspects of manual control in high-order systems

The tendency of many human operators to respond in a bang-bang fashion when controlling some high-order systems is investigated. A three-mode switch is compared with a linear control stick and shown to permit better manual control of some systems with more lag than double integration. In experiments requiring stabilization of a moving base flight simulator programmed as an unstable system (undamped inverted pendulum), operators use the linear control stick in a bang-bang fashion. In place of quasi-linear models for these situations, a simple on-off model for the human is suggested, and the switching lines and error trajectories in the phase plane are presented. The ability to control an unstable system with visual and motion cues is compared.
Analysis of weight and associated health consequences of the active duty staff at a major Naval medical center.

ABSTRACT Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the prevalence of overweight and obesity among active duty staff members at one the Navy's largest medical centers, in an effort to clarify the relationship between weight, physical fitness, health care utilization patterns, and health care costs. Methods: Data obtained from the Physical Readiness Information Management System were linked with health care utilization data obtained from the Military Health System Management Analysis and Reporting Tool. This information was applied to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute risk-stratification criteria to clarify the roles overweight and obesity play as factors contributing to increased health risk, comorbid conditions, and health care costs in this military health care setting. Results: At least 53% of the active duty staff members (1,755 of 3,306) at this medical center were either overweight or obese, based on body mass index (BMI). Three hundred fifty-one personnel did not have body comp...
Divergent regulation of aflatoxin production at acidic pH by two Aspergillus strains

Production of aflatoxins (AF) by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus is known to occur only at acidic pH. Although typical A. flavus isolates produced more AF as the external pH became increasingly acidic, an atypical strain from West Africa produced less. The lower AF production was not well correlated with decreases in expression of the aflatoxin pathway regulatory gene, aflR, or of two other biosynthesis genes.
Standing on one leg: The modernization of a medium voltage distribution system

The modernization of a plant's medium voltage distribution system to accommodate new and existing loads is discussed. Among the various problems solved was that of providing power for continuous process operation during the utility company's concurrent upgrade of the purchase power facilities. How this was accomplished by means of a technique called 'standing on one leg' is described. Also addressed are the steps taken to elicit management support for the modernization and the life cycle considerations for the distribution scheme that was chosen. Safety precautions taken during construction and installation are reviewed. >
Soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics in southern African savannas: the effect of vegetation-induced patch-scale heterogeneities and large scale rainfall gradients.

Savanna ecosystems are mixed plant communities in which trees and grasses co-exist thereby providing a heterogeneous landscape with a mosaic of tree-dominated and grass-dominated soil patches. Despite the important role that nutrient availability plays in these systems, detailed knowledge of differences in carbon and nitrogen cycling in soil patches predominantly covered by tree canopies or by grasses is still lacking. In this study, a process-based model was used to investigate the carbon and nitrogen dynamics in soil plots located in grass-dominated and tree/shrub-dominated soil patches along the Kalahari Transect (KT). The KT in southern Africa traverses a dramatic aridity gradient, across relatively homogenous soils, providing an ideal setting for global change studies. Here we show that there are distinctly different dynamics for soil moisture, decomposition and nitrogen mineralization between soil plots located under tree canopies and in open canopy areas, especially at the dryer end of the KT. Such differences diminished when approaching the wetter end of this transect. This study shows that in savanna ecosystems, water availability determines the patterns and rates of nutrient cycling at large scales, while at the local scales, vegetation patchiness plays an important role in nutrient cycling. Savannas are relatively stable ecosystems, resilient to small rainfall modifications, although irreversible changes may occur with stronger shifts in climate conditions.
Application of CFD Technology to electronic thermal management

Application of a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tool to the thermal modeling of free convection cooled handheld/portable products and component level products is assessed. The results of two case studies are reviewed. The first case focuses on a sealed, system level enclosure typical of portable consumer products; while the second case looks at a component level analysis of a sealed multichip module (MCM) package possessing an internal cavity. Temperatures predicted by the simulations are compared to available experimental data as a means of assessing the software's ability to adequately solve the coupled fluid dynamics/heat transfer problem. All simulation results were within 10% of experimental results for these two cases, indicating that the software is readily capable of providing good thermal performance predictions. For typical handheld portable products housed in a sealed case, the dominate mode of heat transfer from the components/circuit board to the outer case is via gaseous conduction. Convection typically fails to develop in such designs due to the dominance of viscous forces within the air confined between the circuit board and outer case. >
The History and Evolution of Wildland Fire Use

Wildland fire use as a concept had its origin when humans first gained the ability to suppress fires. Some fires were suppressed and others were allowed to burn based on human values and objectives. Native Americans and Euro-American settlers fought those fires that threatened their villages and settlements but left others to burn unabated. Even with the advent of a fire suppression capability in the late 1880s, control efforts were focused on areas of human development while fires in remote areas were largely ignored. When the Forest Service was established in 1905, fire suppression became its reason for being, although some foresters questioned the economic logic of suppressing all fires. Fire suppression was the only fire policy for all federal land management agencies until the late 1960s when the National Park Service officially recognized fire as a natural process. Lightning fires ignited in special management zones in parks were allowed to run their course under prescribed conditions. The Forest Service followed suit in 1974 and changed its policy from fire control to fire management, allowing lightning fires to burn in wilderness areas. The programs in both agencies grew slowly as managers became comfortable with allowing fires to burn under controlled conditions. Various terms were used to describe these programs including “Let Burn,” “Prescribed Natural Fire,” and now “Wildland Fire Use.” Setbacks such as the Yellowstone fires in 1988 and the Cerro Grande fire in 2000 resulted in reviews and updates of federal fire management policies. The Fish and Wildlife Service, Bureau of Land Management, and Bureau of Indian Affairs joined the other two agencies by implementing fire use programs in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Today wildland fire use is a vital link in the fire and fuels programs of each of the federal land management agencies with nearly 6,000 fires burning over 1,400,000 ha (3,500,000 ac) annually. The future of restoring fire to fire-prone ecosystems will have to rely on increasing the use of wildland fire.
Experimental extinction in Pavlovian conditioning: Behavioural and neuroscience perspectives:

This paper reviews the behavioural and neuroscience literatures on extinction in Pavlovian conditioning with a view towards finding possible points of contact between these two often independent li...
A mass customization information framework for integration of customer in the configuration-design of a customized product

One of the aspects of mass customization is to provide customers with products that are manufactured to their needs and requirements. To provide such support requires better integration of the customer into different stages of design and manufacturing. Expansion of the Internet provides an opportunity for such an integration, which will need to link design and manufacturing of the company with the customer. In current approaches, customers usually specify the options and get the price or simple pictures of the object. In this paper we present a framework in which customer options and size parameters are gathered using the Internet. It is used to automatically generate a 3-dimensional computer-aided design model of the product, estimate the price of the product, and generate assembly sequence information. The framework for mass customization of products necessitates information management among different segments of the company and the customer. The Internet-based system presented in this paper uses a graph grammar and templates to explicitly maintain correspondence among various types of product information from a module perspective. The system is demonstrated using a customizable coffeemaker product family.
The wearable motherboard: a framework for personalized mobile information processing (PMIP)

Textiles and computing share a synergistic relationship, which is being harnessed to create a new paradigm in personalized mobile information processing (PMIP). In this paper, we provide an overview of this "interconnection" between the two fields and present the vision for "E-Textiles," which represents the convergence of the two fields. We discuss the role of the Georgia Tech Wearable Motherboard in pioneering this paradigm of "fabric is the computer" and serving as a framework for PMIP. Finally, recent research in this area resulting in the realization of a "computational fabric network" is discussed.
Successive Student Cohorts and Longitudinal Growth Models: An Investigation of Elementary School Mathematics Performance

Mathematics achievement data from three longitudinally matched student cohorts were analyzed with multilevel growth models to investigate the viability of using status and growth-based indices of student achievement to examine the multi-year performance of schools. Elementary schools in a large southwestern school district were evaluated in terms of the mean achievement status and growth of students across cohorts as well as changes in the achievement status and growth of students between student cohorts. Results indicated that the cross and between-cohort performance of schools differed depending on whether the mean achievement status or growth of students was considered. Results also indicated that the crosscohort indicators of school performance were more reliably estimated than their between-cohort counterparts. Further examination of the performance indices revealed that cross-cohort achievement status estimates were closely related to student demographics while between-cohort estimates were associated with cohort enrollment size and cohort initial performance status. Of the four school performance indices studied, only student growth in achievement (averaged across
A modified nodal scheme for the time-dependent, incompressible Navier-Stokes equations

Based on Poisson equation for pressure, a nodal numerical scheme is developed for the time-dependent, incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. Derivation is based on local transverse-integrations over finite size brick-like cells that transform each partial differential equation to a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Solutions of these ODEs for the transverse-averaged dependent variables are then utilized to develop the difference scheme. The discrete variables are scalar velocities and pressure, averaged over the faces of brick-like cells in the (x,y,t) space. Cell-interior variation of transverse-averaged pressure in each spatial direction is quadratic. Cell-interior variation of transverse-averaged velocity in each spatial direction is a sum of a constant, a linear and an exponential term. Due to the introduction of delayed coefficients, the exponential functions are to be evaluated only once at each time step. The semi-implicit scheme has inherent upwinding. Results of applications to several test problems show that the scheme is very robust and leads to a second-order error. As expected in such coarse-mesh schemes, even relatively large size cells lead to small errors. Extension to three dimensions is straightforward.
Evaluation of Renal Pathology With an Intravenous Ultrasound Contrast Agent Case Studies

Contrast agents are used widely in most imaging modalities when evaluating renal pathology. Ultrasound contrast agents have the potential to yield increased information in sonography of renal masses. This article presents four cases of patients with various renal pathology and the impact of the addition of an ultrasound contrast agent (Definity, DuPont Pharmaceuticals, North Billerica, MA) on the imaging studies. The value of using pulse cancellation software to allow for gray-scale sonographic evaluation is discussed.
The Interrelationship between Soot and Fuel NOx Control in Gas Turbine Combustors

The decreased hydrogen content of future fuels will lead to increased formation of soot, while increased organically bound nitrogen in the fuel can result in excessive NOx emis­ sion. Control concepts for these two problems are in conflict: prevention of soot requires leaner operation while control of emissions from fuel nitrogen requires fuel-rich opera­ tion. However, recent results of two DOE research programs point to both processes hav­ ing a major dependence on "hydrocarbon breakthrough." Control of both fuel nitrogen conversion and soot formation can be achieved by primary zone operation at equivalence ratios just below that for hydrocarbon'breakthrough. This paper reviews the evidence for the importance of hydrocarbon breakthrough, explains our current understanding of why hydrocarbon breakthrough is important, and offers suggestions of how these results might be applied.
Distributed Functional Compression through Graph Coloring

We consider the distributed computation of a function of random sources with minimal communication. Specifically, given two discrete memoryless sources, X and Y, a receiver wishes to compute f(X, Y) based on (encoded) information sent from X and Y in a distributed manner. A special case, f(X, Y) = (X, Y), is the classical question of distributed source coding considered by Slepian and Wolf (1973). Orlitsky and Roche (2001) considered a somewhat restricted setup when Y is available as side information at the receiver. They characterized the minimal rate at which X needs to transmit data to the receiver as the conditional graph entropy of the characteristic graph of X based on f. In our recent work (2006), we further established that this minimal rate can be achieved by means of graph coloring and distributed source coding (e.g. Slepian-Wolf coding). This characterization allows for the separation between "function coding" and "correlation coding." In this paper, we consider a more general setup where X and Y are both encoded (separately). This is a significantly harder setup for which to give a single-letter characterization for the complete rate region. We find that under a certain condition on the support set of X and Y (called the zigzag condition), it is possible to characterize the rate region based on graph colorings at X and Y separately. That is, any achievable pair of rates can be realized by means of first coloring graphs at X and Y separately (function coding) and then using Slepian-Wolf coding for these colors (correlation coding). We also obtain a single-letter characterization of the minimal joint rate. Finally, we provide simulation results based on graph coloring to establish the rate gains on real sequences
Faculty's Role in Retention: A Case Study of Change Management at Ramapo College

We, as educators, expect students to connect the dots and experience our institutions through a variety of lenses; we must organize ourselves in a way that places synergy, collaboration, and data-driven decisions at the center of our operations. Over the past three years, Ramapo College has worked diligently to ensure that strategy drives the structure of a student's experience by placing student success at its core. This work has been successful only because of the collaboration and connections that exist between the divisions of Enrollment Management, Academic Affairs, and the faculty. In those three years, the college has implemented a mandatory advisement system involving faculty and staff, expanded student-academic affairs partnerships in a first-year seminar course, instituted a new early alert program with 77% faculty participation and ultimately maintained and grown slightly its enrollment outcomes while increasing the diversity of its incoming class. This article will describe the partnerships and processes that facilitated these changes and offer suggestions to inform other institutions moving toward a more institutional approach to student success.
Metabolic interlock. The multi-metabolite control of prephenate dehydratase activity in Bacillus subtilis.

Abstract Regulatory interactions which relate small molecules and enzymes that are located in different sequences of biochemical reactions have been termed "metabolic interlock." One of the simplest examples of the phenomenon occurs in the branching biochemical pathway for the synthesis of aromatic amino acids in Bacillus subtilis. Although prephenate dehydratase is not a member enzyme of the tryptophan-specific biosynthetic pathway, tryptophan inhibits the activity of prephenate dehydratase as effectively as the feedback inhibition exerted by phenylalanine. The inhibitions by tryptophan and phenylalanine are competitive with respect to prephenic acid, the substrate for the enzyme. Tyrosine, the end product of the third branch of the pathway, reverses the inhibition of prephenate dehydratase by tryptophan although it does not exhibit a strong allosteric effect alone. Several experiments showed that the allosteric specificities of prephenate dehydratase for tryptophan and tyrosine function in vivo. It was possible to show physiological conditions under which wild type cells were susceptible to growth inhibition by tryptophan. These conditions were equated with lower levels of intracellular tyrosine. More striking effects were noted by using mutant strains having a partial requirement for tyrosine. Hence, a mechanism appears to operate which decreases intracellular phenylalanine levels whenever intracellular levels of tyrosine are limiting or depleted. Methionine and leucine, allosteric activators of prephenate dehydratase, were found to reverse growth inhibition caused by tryptophan. The enzyme properties of several classes of mutants selected for resistance to growth inhibition by tryptophan are described.
A reversible data hiding scheme for VQ indices using histogram shifting of prediction errors

Concomitant with the rapid advancements in information technology, the issue of secure data transmission through the Internet has become increasingly important. Hiding data in images is an important technique in digital media; it facilitates confidential data transfer to receivers and renders the data virtually undetectable by third parties. In this paper, a novel reversible data hiding scheme based on vector quantization (VQ) is proposed. First, codebook sorting is employed to enhance the correlation of neighbor indices and then a prediction error technique is used to generate a high peak histogram. The secret data are then embedded via histogram shifting of prediction errors. Our proposed scheme utilizes only one codebook, unlike other similar methods, and the stego carrier (index table after embedding) can be decompressed without secret data extraction to avoid detection by third parties. Experimental results indicate that the proposed scheme has better visual image quality and greater embedding capacity than recently proposed schemes of a similar nature.
Localizations over the Steenrod algebra The lost chapter

Let H\(^*\) be an unstable algebra over the Steenrod algebra, and let \(S\subset{\rm H^*}\) be a multiplicatively closed subset. inherits an action of the Steenrod algebra from H\(^*\), which is, however, in general no longer unstable. In this note we consider the following three statements.
Travels, triangles and transformations: Implications for new agendas in gender equality policy

Abstract The Velvet Triangle is a heuristic concept designed to describe interactions between policy makers and politicians, feminist academics and experts, and the women’s movement in European Union policy making. This article describes how the concept has travelled from its 2003 origins as a descriptor of informal relations in poli making to become a way of describing policy networks in settings beyond gender equality policy. The travels themselves provide an illustration of the personal networks that underwrite the exchange of ideas in feminism. European Union financing played a central role in facilitating the construction of cross-border contacts between policy actors, academics, and civil society. Further, the article asks to what extent figures such as triangles are a good way of representing relations in gender equality policy-making. Finally, there is a discussion of the transformations in policy making in the last ten years, and the relevance of the observations about informal relations in policy making for other equality movements such as those around sexual orientation. Given the challenges of austerity and women’s movement fatigue, in what ways has the gender equality velvet triangle been transformed in the last years?
Nondomination or Practices of Freedom? French Muslim Women, Foucault, and The Full Veil Ban

This article proposes a conception of freedom understood as practices. Based on Michel Foucault's work on the ethics of the self, I develop a conception of freedom that exceeds liberation and distinguishes between genuine practices of freedom and practices of the self that are unreflective responses to systems of government. I develop and illustrate this conception through an engagement with the recent French ban on full veils in public spaces and the ethnographic literature on European Muslim revival movements. I reconstruct how Muslim women relate to alternative discourses through specific practices of the self. These practices reveal that French Muslim women actively contest discourses of secularism and liberation that construct them as inherently passive and in need of tutelage. The conception I develop sheds light on some shortcomings of Philip Pettit's notion of freedom as nondomination. I argue that the proposed account is useful to, first, criticize the centrality of the opposition between arbitrary and nonarbitrary power in the definition of freedom. Second, I show that the predominant engagement with the external dimension of freedom in Pettit makes it difficult to capture the particular subjective practices that make up freedom and its development in the presence of power and/or attempts at domination.
Saturated Fatty Acids Differentially Affects Adipocytes and Muscle Cells

Obesity and obesity related type 2 diabetes have become serious health issues in the US and worldwide. It is certain that the human genetic coding cannot been changed so dramatically by evolution d...
The accuracy of clinical information. 2. The physical examination.

(1991). The Accuracy of Clinical Information. Hospital Practice: Vol. 26, No. 5, pp. 17-25.
Asymptomatic Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis Are Not All Created Equal: A Role for Stress Performance and Heart Rate Recovery During Stress Echocardiography?

Aortic stenosis (AS) is a relentless disease that, once symptomatic, carries a grim prognosis with 2-year survival in the absence of aortic valve replacement (AVR) of 185 or 207 mm Hg, ventricular arrhythmias, …
Poster: Qualia Exploitation of Sensing Technology (QuEST) for vehicular network optimization

Qualia-based Exploitation of Sensing Technology (QuEST) is a dual process framework that leverages what is known about human neurophysiological and neuropsychological processes to create an artificial cognitive exoskeleton functioning similarly to the human mind. In this paper, we present a quick QuEST overview and a visionary approach using QuEST methods that can improve cognitive V2V network resistance to hacking. QuEST tenets and designs have been used successfully in cyber security, facial recognition, and cancer detection; thus V2V information security in the open internet context can be enhanced via QuEST. Of note, QuEST's focus is on intelligence amplification (IA) versus artificial intelligence (AI) and developing a machine architecture which closes the loop between human and machine.
Emotion Regulation and Perceptions of Illness Coherence and Controllability on Regimen Adherence and Negative Cardiac Health Events in African American Women With Heart Failure.

BACKGROUND African American women with heart failure (HF) have stressors that negatively impact HF self-management adherence and heighten the occurrence of negative cardiac health events. Perceptions of illness coherence and controllability and emotion regulation are known to facilitate self-management in the face of stressors. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether difficulties with emotion regulation and negative perceptions of illness coherence and controllability are detrimental to adherence and increase negative cardiac health events in this patient population. METHODS African American women (n = 54) with HF, aged 49 to 84 years, participated in this longitudinal descriptive correlational study. Using convenience sampling, we recruited patients from hospitals and HF clinics. They completed interviews at intake and 30 days, and their medical records were reviewed at 90 days. Linear and logistic regression models were used to assess predictors of general adherence and negative cardiac health events. RESULTS Of 54 patients who participated in the study, 28 experienced a negative health event during 90 days, and 57% of these events were cardiac related. The only clear predictor of these events was greater New York Heart Association functional classification (β = 1.47, P = .027). No associations were found between predictors (emotion regulation, controllability, coherence, age, education) and general adherence. CONCLUSIONS Emotion regulation showed a possible greater impact on negative cardiac health events than on general adherence. Perceived illness coherence showed less impact on negative cardiac health events than on general adherence.
Smallpox: The American Fur Company Pox Outbreak of 1837-1838

Smallpox is a virus that raged its war upon the people of this world for millennia. Striking the Native American population in the late sixteenth century with the landing of Cortez, smallpox emerged again in the eighteenth century during the American Revolution. During the summer of 1837, smallpox struck the upper Missouri River region. The epidemic caused the near elimination of tribes such as the Assinneboins, Crees and Mandans. The events generated headlines for some major newspapers like The Connecticut Courant, The Pennsylvania Freeman and The Waldo Patriot . Newspapers printed a segment of the events that were occurring in the upper Missouri River region; however a record found in the journal of a clerk at Fort Clark named Francis Chardon, titled "the American Fur Company responsible for the smallpox devastation," brought the Company's responsibility to light. Fur trading companies were based on goods and services provided by fur exports. The American Fur Company accomplished such goals by navigating the Missouri River with steamboats like the St. Peter's , which enabled them to provide such services at a greater speed. Through this rapid way of transportation, the American Fur Company became partly responsible for the alarming rate of Native American deaths due to smallpox, by spreading this disease throughout the upper Missouri River region.
Enhancing anaerobic digestion of food waste through biochemical methane potential assays at different substrate: inoculum ratios

Food waste has a high energy potential that can be converted into useful energy in the form of methane via anaerobic digestion. Biochemical Methane Potential assays (BMPs) were conducted to quantify the impacts on methane production of different ratios of food waste. Anaerobic digester sludge (ADS) was used as the inoculum, and BMPs were performed at food waste:inoculum ratios of 0.42, 1.42, and 3.0g chemical oxygen demand/g volatile solids (VS). The 1.42 ratio had the highest CH4-COD recovery: 90% of the initial total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) was from food waste, followed by ratios 0.42 and 3.0 at 69% and 57%, respectively. Addition of food waste above 0.42 caused a lag time for CH4 production that increased with higher ratios, which highlighted the negative impacts of overloading with food waste. The Gompertz equation was able to represent the results well, and it gave lag times of 0, 3.6 and 30days and maximum methane productions of 370, 910, and 1950mL for ratios 0.42, 1.42 and 3.0, respectively. While ratio 3.0 endured a long lag phase and low VSS destruction, ratio 1.42 achieved satisfactory results for all performance criteria. These results provide practical guidance on food-waste-to-inoculum ratios that can lead to optimizing methanogenic yield.
Cybernetics’s Reflexive Turns

In the history of cybernetics there have been several attempts by cyberneticians to put themselves into the circularities of their theories and designs, invoking a shift from the cybernetics of mechanisms to a cybernetics of cybernetics. The latter is the title of a book chapter by Margaret Mead (1968) and of Heinz von Foerster’s (1974) edited compilation of articles on cybernetics. Foerster introduced the concept of second-order cybernetics which may have overshadowed or sidelined other reflexivities. I am attempting to recover four reflexive turns, describe their origin, implications, and suggest ways in which they continue what Karl Muller (2007) calls an unfinished revolution. These turns are not discussed here in their historical succession but as conceptual expansions of cybernetics.
Macroeconomic Factors in Oil Futures Markets

This paper documents new evidence against perfect risk spanning in crude oil futures, and develops an affine futures pricing model that allows for unspanned macroeconomic factors. Compared to previ...
Molecular mapping of the Cromer blood group Cra and Tca epitopes of decay accelerating factor: toward the use of recombinant antigens in immunohematology.

Cromer blood group antigens reside on the complement regulatory protein decay accelerating factor (DAF, CD55). This glycosyl- phosphatidylinositol-anchored glycoprotein is widely distributed, especially among cell types in contact with plasma. Numerous Cromer blood group antigens have been defined using alloantibodies induced by transfusion or pregnancy. However, few pairs of antithetical antigens have been described in this system, presumably because of the rarity of the low-frequency alleles. Analysis of polymerase chain reaction- amplified genomic DNA showed that the Cr(a-) phenotype has a Ala193-- > Pro substitution in short consensus repeat 4 (SCR4) of DAF, and the Tc(a-b+) phenotype has a Arg18--> Leu substitution in SCR1 of DAF. The locations of Cra and Tca epitopes were confirmed by analysis of Chinese hamster ovary cell transfectants expressing a Cr(a-) allele-specific transfectant and a chimeric protein containing only SCR1 of DAF, respectively. Overall, these studies further show the usefulness of an approach based on recombinant proteins in mapping blood group antigen epitopes and identifying blood group antibodies.
A computational model of narrative generation for suspense

The generation of stories by computers, with applications ranging from computer games to education and training, has been the focus of research by computational linguists and AI researchers since the early 1970s. Although several approaches have shown promise in their ability to generate narrative, there has been little research on the generation of stories that evoke specific cognitive and affective responses in their readers. The goal of this research is to develop a system that produces a narrative designed specifically to evoke a targeted degree of suspense, a significant contributor to the level of engagement experienced by users of interactive narrative systems. The system that I present takes as input a plan data structure representing the goals of a storyworld's characters and the actions they perform in pursuit of them. Adapting theories developed by cognitive psychologists, my system uses a plan-based model of narrative comprehension to determine the final content of the story in order to manipulate a reader's level of suspense in specific ways. In this thesis, I outline the various components of the system and describe an empirical evaluation that I used to determine the efficacy of my techniques. The evaluation provides strong support for the claim that the system is effective in generating suspenseful stories.
Determination of Heptoses and Pentoses

Bacterial O-antigens often contain heptoses in addition to pentoses and hexoses. Part A described here is based on the work of Dische (1953) for the quantitative determination of heptose. Part B is for pentose determination according to Dische (1949).
A Comparative Test of Adaptive Explanations for Hypsodonty in Ungulates and Rodents

Hypsodonty has long been recognized as an adaptation for grazing: grazing is suggested to increase tooth wear due to endogenous (e.g., fiber, silica) and/or exogenous (e.g., dust, grit) properties of ingested food. However, it is unknown whether tooth crown height is correlated with the mastication of high fiber or silica in grasses, the ingestion of external abrasives, or both. Furthermore, comparative studies of hypsodonty have not explicitly taken into account phylogenetic biases due to shared ancestry in tooth morphology and/or feeding behavior. This study highlights the relationship between molar crown height and feeding habits in African ungulates and South American rodents when phylogenetic effects are controlled. Among ungulates, high hypsodonty indices are significantly associated with specific plant and foraging height preferences, while habitat and climate show no correlation with tooth crown height. For rodents, grass-eating species are significantly more hypsodont than frugivorous or folivorous species, and arboreal rodents are less hypsodont than terrestrial species. These results as well as those of a posteriori analyses controlling for aspects of the behavioral ecology (e.g., grass-eating, substrate preference) of the sample species confirm the role of both diet and grit in shaping the evolution of cheek tooth crown height in herbivorous mammals.