cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Carcinoma of the cervix uteri, a clinical and pathologic study

Abstract 1. 1. A series of 110 cases of carcinoma of the cervix uteri have been studied. 2. 2. On histopathologic examination of operative and biopsy specimens they were classified into two main groups: (A) adenomatous, and (B) solid. The solid were subdivided according to the predominating type of cancer cell into (a) ripe, (b) midripe, and (c) unripe. 3. 3. Adenomatous tumors represented 5.4 per cent of the total, and 94.6 per cent were solid. Of these, 24 per cent were of the ripe, 29.8 per cent of the midripe and 46.2 per cent of the unripe varieties. 4. 4. Cornification occurred in all the ripe tumors and in 54.8 per cent of the midripe, but in only two of the unripe. 5. 5. Mixed tumors were found in 32.1 per cent of the cases in this series. 6. 6. Eosinophilia was present to a marked degree in 11.9 per cent of the sections examined. 7. 7. No relation between the age of the patient and the type of tumor could be established. 8. 8. The disease was limited to the cervix in 28.1 per cent of cases. 9. 9. A larger proportion of cases found in the early stages at first examination were of the ripe variety than of any other group. 10. 10. The typical appearance of cancer of the cervix on clinical examination is either (a) ulceration, (b) induration, or (c) cauliflowerlike outgrowth. 11. 11. There is no relation between the clinical appearance of carcinoma of the cervix uteri and the histopathologic groups. 12. 12. It is impossible to determine the extent and duration of the disease from the length of time that symptoms have been present. 13. 13. The radiosensibility of the different pathologic groups is still controversial. Evidence is given supporting the conception that the immature forms do better with radium. 14. 14. The presence of large numbers of eosinophiles in microscopic sections of carcinoma of the cervix may be a favorable prognostic sign when treatment with radium is employed.
Chapter 26. 5-Hydroxytryptamine and the Central Nervous System

Publisher Summary This chapter covers recent references on 5-hydroxytryptamine (HT) that include a significant bibliography. HT—first detected in mammalian brain—occurs in the CNS of many vertebrate, more primitive species having a relatively greater concentration. The amine is concentrated in the phylogenetically old parts of the brain, which are connected with the autonomic nervous system or with the reticular activating formation. Thus, the largest amounts of HT are present in the hypothalamus and midbrain, while much smaller amounts are found in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum and white matter. After intraventricular injection, tritiated HT is taken up by areas rich in endogenous HT. The use of histofluorescence microscopy in combination with drugs allows the visualization of central serotonergic neurons in their entire extension. Axotomy combined with histofluorescence microscopy has shown that HT rapidly accumulates in the portion of the axons immediately proximal to the lesion, an observation suggesting that HT is synthesized in the cell bodies and transported down the axons. The possibility that HT may be catabolized to hallucinogenic substances is mentioned in the chapter. This possibility, together with the observed hallucinogenic activity of many indoles, has prompted the idea that metabolism of HT may play a role in schizophrenia, a subject that has been studied.
Single-pass shadow volumes for arbitrary meshes

We introduce a new method for rendering shadow volumes of arbitrary meshes as fast as those of specially prepared models, i.e., with a single pass over the shadow geometry. We use only unsigned 8- or 16-bit formats, which are supported on all major video-game console and workstation GPUs.
Environmental Salmonella in agricultural fair poultry exhibits in Colorado.

Summary Salmonella enterica is a common zoonotic pathogen in humans. Transmission typically occurs through consumption of contaminated food products or contact with infected animals, including poultry or their environment. The objective of this study was to estimate the frequency of Salmonella contamination in the environment in poultry exhibits at agricultural fairs. Samples were collected from cages, feed, floors and tables in the exhibit and cultured for Salmonella. At least one environmental sample was positive for Salmonella in 10 of 11 fairs (91%), and Salmonella was isolated from 28 of 55 environmental samples (50.9%). Eleven different serotypes were detected. Results of this study demonstrate that environmental surfaces at agricultural fairs can be contaminated with Salmonella and could potentially serve as a route of transmission to bird owners and the general public. Poultry owners and the general public should be educated about the risks of Salmonella infection from the poultry exhibit environment. Agricultural fairs should consider instituting policies and practices to improve hygiene and mitigate the risk of zoonotic salmonellosis.
Behavior of patients with lung cancer: description and associations with oncologic and pain variables

Although reflexes are recognized as protective responses to noxious stimuli, less is known about voluntary behavioral responses to cancer pain, which could provide clinicians with important diagnostic and therapeutic information. Forty-five patients with lung cancer were studied in their homes on 2 occasions to identify pain behaviors and to examine relationships between behaviors and selected variables. Patients completed the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) and Visual Analogue scale (VAS). Using a videotape observation method, patients sat, stood, walked, and reclined for 10 min. Videotapes were scored using 5 position-related and 31 pain-related behavior definitions. Within 3 days scored behaviors were described to patients who reported whether each scored behavior was performed: to express pain; because pain prevented usual behavior; to control pain; or as a habit. Patients reported that pain was controlled by 42 different behaviors; the number of different pain-reduction behaviors was correlated with pain intensity (r = 0.44) and pain quality (r = 0.64). Simultaneous multiple regression indicated that length of time pain was experienced, number of pain sites, pain quality, and pain intensity accounted for 41% of the variance in the number of pain control behaviors. None of the taped behaviors was reported as performed to express pain, and few of the patients reported that pain prevented behavior during the video session. Results clarify the pain-behavior construct, provide insight about the multidimensional nature of lung cancer pain, and suggest directions for behavioral interventions to augment pharmacological therapy for lung cancer pain.
Norepinephrine content of the rat kidney during development: alterations induced by perinatal methadone.

Abstract The concentration and the total content of norepinephrine (NE) in the kidney were measured in Sprague-Dawley rats from 3 to 120 days after birth. Renal NE concentration was relatively low until the end of the second week, when it rose abruptly to adult levels; total NE content per kidney increased steadily throughout development. The effects of perinatal methadone treatment on renal NE development were examined by administering the drug either directly to the pups from 1 to 19 days after birth, or to the mother from 10 days of gestation to 20 days after birth. Both treatments resulted in significant deficits of body weight and kidney weight. Maternal methadone caused a significant deficit in renal NE which was most pronounced at two weeks of postnatal age; direct methadone had less effect on renal NE. These results suggest that renal sympathetic neurotransmission may become mature two weeks after birth and indicate further that maternal methadone interfares with this maturation.
Synthesis and biodistribution of a new class of 99mTc-labeled fatty acid analogs for myocardial imaging

A series of 99mTc-bis(aminoethanethiol)-fatty acid (99mTc-BAT-fatty acid) analogs were synthesized and evaluated as potential tracers of myocardial metabolism. The BAT-fatty acid precursors were prepared using a new synthetic route that avoids the use of strong reducing agents such as lithium aluminum hydride. Biodistribution studies of the no-carrier-added 99mTc-complexes were conducted in rats using [125I]IPPA as an internal standard. The myocardial uptake of the 99mTc-BAT-fatty acid analogs was significantly less than that of [125I]IPPA and indicates the 99mTc analogs are not suitable candidates for SPECT-based myocardial imaging studies.
The effect of deprivation upon fixed-interval responding: A two-state analysis

Responding under fixed-interval schedules was studied in three pigeons as a function of three deprivation procedures. Postreinforcement pauses and response rate were measured separately, and quarter-life values were determined. The terminal performance for each bird was characterized by break-and-run patterns of response. Chronic changes in body weight of 5% to 10% of the bird’s free-feeding weight systematically influenced response rates, but postreinforcement pauses and quarter-life values did not change. Neither prefeeding nor acute periods of deprivation up to 72 h resulted in consistent changes in any of the dependent measures. Deprivation primarily influences postreinforcement pausing under fixed-ratio schedules, while response rate is unaffected. Thus deprivation appears to influence behavior differentially under the two schedules.
Spin squeezing and entanglement via hole-burning in atomic coherent states

We study the generation of spin squeezing via the hole burning of selected Dicke states out of an atomic coherent state prepared for a collection of N two-level atoms or ions. The atoms or ions of the atomic coherent state are not entangled, but the removal of one or more Dicke states generates entanglement, and spin squeezing occurs for some ranges of the relevant parameters. Spin squeezing in a collection of two-level atoms or ions is of importance for precision spectroscopy.
Unitary spectrum and the fundamental group for actions of semisimple Lie groups

Suppose a locally compact group G acts on a separable metrizable space M, preserving a finite measure #. Then there is an associated unitary representation of G on LZ(M,/~)o, the square integrable functions orthogonal to the constants. This representation will in general be far from irreducible, and in fact, when G is not compact need not have any irreducible subrepresentations. Thus, in the decomposition of LZ(G)o into irreducible constituents, one not only requires a direct integral rather than a direct sum, but the associated spectral measure on the unitary dual G (say for type I groups) will, except in special circumstances, have no atoms. The point of this paper is to give natural and general conditions, mostly involving just rq(M), under which there will be an infinite atomic spectrum. (I.e., the spectral measure has infinitely many atoms.) The basic example of actions in which the spectrum is purely atomic, i.e., when the representation is a direct sum of irreducible representations, is the case of M = G/F, where F c G is a cocompact discrete subgroup. In this case, assuming 9 G to be simply connected, we have 7tl(M ) = F. The first results of this paper show that when G is a simple Lie group with R-rank(G)=> 2, we can deduce that any action of G on a compact manifold M with fundamental group isomorphic to such a F, and satisfying a natural hypothesis of either a geometric or ergodic theoretic nature, must also have an infinite atomic spectrum. In fact, under certain natural hypotheses the same is true as long as there is a surjection of hi(M) onto F. To formulate this more precisely, let F c Ad(G) be a cocompact lattice, and let Pr be the unitary representation of Ad(G) on L2(Ad(G)/F)o . We recall that an action of a group on a manifold (or more generally on a standard space in the sense of [4]) is called engaging if there is no loss of ergodicity in passing to finite covers. (See I'4] for discussion.)
On choosing an indexing variable in demographic analysis

Abstract Demographic analysis has generally made use of age as its primary indexing variable, in recognition of the fact that most demographic behavior varies greatly over the life span. Yet despite the important implications involved in the choice of an indexing variable, no clear guidelines exist as to how the choice should be made. To provide such a criterion, it is proposed that the better of two sets of singly indexed rates is the set which is more highly correlated with the elements of the array of doubly indexed rates that has the two sets of singly indexed rates as marginals. The correlation criterion is then applied to several specific cases in fertility, divorce, and mortality analysis. England-Wales,1965, data suggest that, for once-married women, age is a better predictor of legitimate fertility than duration of marriage, when 5-year groupings are used for both variables. Divorce data for California males,1969, and Hungary females,1960, imply that the duration of first marriage is better than age as a predictor of divorce. For the United States,1950, the use of age and sex is preferable to the use of age and race in mortality analysis. To determine which marginal index is more closely correlated with the array variables in any specific situation, a simple test is derived which can be applied even if the array of doubly indexed variables is not known. Finally, the square of the correlation coefficient between a marginal variable and the array represents a measure of the error made by ignoring the other variable. The results for California males,1969, indicate that it is advisable to use both age and duration of marriage as index variables in divorce analysis, as either index alone accounts for less than half of the joint variability.
A comparison of two electronic idea generation techniques

Abstract Much research has compared verbal with electronic brainstorming, but very few studies have investigated the effects of different electronic techniques. Most studies of electronic brainstorming have been based upon the individual poolwriting technique. However, gallery writing may be superior to it in some situations. Here, we report on an experiment involving 88 subjects in nine groups of approximately ten people each. The subjects used both electronic techniques to discuss different problems. Results show that the subjects were more satisfied with gallery writing and preferred it. Although more raw comments were generated using poolwriting, the number of quality comments and the number of unique, quality comments were not significantly different.
Towards an industrial grade IVE for Java and next generation research platform for JML

Tool support for the Java Modeling Language (JML) is a very pressing problem. A main issue with current tools is their architecture; the cost of keeping up with the evolution of Java is prohibitively high, e.g., Java 5 has yet to be fully supported. This paper presents JmlEclipse, an Integrated Verification Environment (IVE) for JML that builds upon Eclipse’s support for Java, enhancing it with preliminary versions of Runtime Assertion Checking (RAC), Extended Static Checking (ESC), Full Static Program Verification (FSPV), and symbolic execution. To our knowledge, JmlEclipse is the first IVE to support such a full range of verification techniques for a mainstream language. We present the original tool architecture as well as an improved design based on use of the JML Intermediate Representation (JIR), which helps decouple JmlEclipse from the internals of its base compiler. As a result, we believe that JmlEclipse is easier to maintain and extend. Use of JIR as a tool exchange format is also described.
Differences in symptom reports between men and women with rheumatoid arthritis

Objective. To determine if differences exist between men and women in their reports and evaluations of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) symptoms, and, if so, to identify explanations for those differences. Method. Data from a longitudinal panel study of persons with RA were used. Symptom reports were defined as individuals' evaluations of body states, e.g., evaluations of the severity of pain. Analyses were controlled for sociodemographic, clinical, and psychological characteristics. Results. In unadjusted analyses, women were more likely to evaluate their symptoms as severe. Adjustment for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics changed these results very little. Controlling for depressive symptoms decreased the magnitude of associations somewhat. Analyses controlling for additional respondent-reported clinical characteristics (Health Assessment Questionnaire score, number of painful joints) yielded dramatically different results; in no case did women evaluate their symptoms significantly more severely than men. Conclusion. Our analyses suggest that women reported more severe symptoms, but that these differences may be due to more severe disease rather than a tendency by women to over-report symptoms or overrate symptom severity. Future research should examine whether physicians respond to reports or prescribe treatments differently for men and women.
Enhancement of central transmission to sympathetic preganglionic neurons by phosphodiesterase inhibitors and its prevention by clonidine

The effects of 3 phosphodiesterase inhibitors, aminophylline, isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX), and RO 20-1724, were tested on descending intraspinal and spinal reflex transmission to sympathetic preganglionic neurons in unanesthetized spinal cats. Sympathetic discharges, recorded from upper thoracic preganglionic white rami, were evoked by stimulation (0.1 Hz) of descending excitatory pathways in the cervical dorsolateral funiculus (intraspinal) or of adjacent intercostal nerves (spinal reflex). Each phosphodiesterase rapidly and markedly enhanced transmission through intraspinal pathways but only slowly and modestly enhanced transmission through spinal reflex pathways. Pretreatment with a methyltyrosine-reserpine combination, chlorpromazine, or prazosin markedly restricted the enhancement of intraspinal transmission by IBMX to levels typically produced on spinal reflex pathways. Clonidine markedly depressed transmission through both pathways and prevented enhancement by the phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Yohimbine or tolazoline antagonized the depressant effects of clonidine and restored the ability of the phosphodiesterase inhibitors to enhance transmission. Somatic spinal reflexes were not affected by the phosphodiesterase inhibitors. The results suggest that descending norepinephrine pathways to sympathetic preganglionic neurons activate adenylate cyclase to generate cyclic AMP which increases neuronal excitability, possibly by phosphorylating membrane proteins. Clonidine appears to depress neuronal excitability by inhibiting adenylate cyclase through activation of α2-adrenergic receptors.
Approaches To the Study of Religion

The religion department at the University of Colorado, Boulder re quires all incoming graduate students to take "Approaches to the Study of Religion." The course has been taught every Fall term for over a decade by a variety of resident and visiting faculty. I taught the course for a three-year period from 1995-1997. There are many concerns in teaching such a course. Should it be a history of the discipline? Should it be a balanced survey of ap proaches that distinguish the many fields within the academic study of religion? Should it include application as well as theory and if so, what areas of application will engage students representing a wide variety of interests? Should the course include field study methodol ogy and experience? These questions and many others are not easily, and never wholly satisfactorily, resolved. Nonetheless, this kind of course is, I believe, remarkably important to meaningful graduate work and will significantly shape the students' academic careers. I will describe in general terms, with reflective commentary, the course as I have taught it. The course objective, as I have stated it, is "to provide graduate students with a foundational vocabulary, a basic familiarity with a variety of the most creative and promising theories and methods, supportive bibliography, and a clear understanding of each student's selected field of concentration within the academic study of religion." The course was presented in seven sections requiring six five-to-eight page papers and a "Profile of an Academic Field." First, the profile. During my years teaching, too often I found myself talking to students completing their M.A. degree who still did not have any sense of what they might do to either further their studies or to get jobs. I found that even at the point of completing their degrees many did not know much about the field in which they had done their research. I decided that in order for students in "Ap proaches" to prepare themselves to participate in, and contribute to, an academic field, each should have a clear and thorough under standing of her or his chosen field. Certainly not all students have chosen a field of concentration when they enter graduate study, but
On the geometric modeling approach to empirical null distribution estimation for empirical Bayes modeling of multiple hypothesis testing

We study the geometric modeling approach to estimating the null distribution for the empirical Bayes modeling of multiple hypothesis testing. The commonly used method is a nonparametric approach based on the Poisson regression, which however could be unduly affected by the dependence among test statistics and perform very poorly under strong dependence. In this paper, we explore a finite mixture model based geometric modeling approach to empirical null distribution estimation and multiple hypothesis testing. Through simulations and applications to two public microarray data, we will illustrate its competitive performance.
Spectral-Sensitivity Functions for Homochromatic-Contrast Detection*

Two methods of measuring foveal spectral sensitivity were compared: (1) the absolute-threshold method and (2) a homochromatic-contrast method. In the second method, the subject saw a fixed-contrast homochromatic stimulus consisting of a steady background field and a superimposed 32% increment flash. The overall radiance level of the stimulus was varied systematically to determine the minimum radiance required to detect the flash. The spectral-sensitivity curve obtained by this method was somewhat narrower than the curve obtained by the absolute-threshold method. The homochromatic-contrast method was also used for a retinal region 8° above the fovea. A curve resembling the common photopic curve was obtained. It is concluded that the homochromatic-contrast method may serve as a useful addition to the standard methods of spectral-sensitivity measurement.
Purification of acid deoxyribonuclease from HeLa cells. Inhibition kinetics of native and modified forms of the HeLa and calf-spleen enzymes

Abstract A procedure is described which results in a 750-fold purification of acid deoxyribonuclease (deoxyribonucleate 3′-oligonucleotidohydrolase, EC 3.1.4.6; deoxyribonuclease II) from cultured HeLa S 3 cells. Methods are also described for the additional purification of a commercially available, partially purified calf-spleen acid deoxyribonuclease (Worthington Biochemicals) Treatment of either the HeLa or calf-spleen acid deoxyribonuclease with 2-mercaptoethanol resulted in the production of at least two modified, enzymatically active species of acid deoxyribonuclease which could be clearly resolved from the native enzyme molecules by chromatography on carboxymethyl-cellulose columns. The sedimentation constant of each of these mercaptoethanol-elicited species was compared with that of the native enzyme and found to be slightly lower All species of the enzyme (native or modified) were capable of degrading native DNA by ‘single hit’ kinetics Heat-denatured DNA was found to be an inhibitor of native DNA hydrolysis by acid deoxyribonuclease. Low amounts of heat-denatured DNA acted as a non-competitive inhibitor of native DNA degradation by acid deoxyribonuclease while higher amounts of denatured DNA acted as a competitive inhibitor of native DNA hydrolysis. In both of the mercaptoethanol-elicited modified species of acid deoxy-ribonuclease, low and high amounts of denatured DNA acted as competitive inhibitors of native DNA hydrolysis In the case of the merceptoethanol-elicited modified enzyme species, possible allosteric effects were observed inasmuch as the enzyme in combination with denatured DNA was activated in a sigmoidal fashion by the addition of increasing amounts of native DNA substrate A ‘two active site’ model is presented for acid deoxyribonuclease and discussed in terms of the present kinetic data
Getting Acquainted: The Role of the Self-Concept and Preconceptions

An experiment was conducted to investigate the role of perceivers' self-concepts and preconceptions about one another on the formation of interpersonal impressions. Pairs of female undergraduates expected to interact in a game-playing situation that demanded coolheadedness and cooperation between partners. One subject (the perceiver) was given bogus information about the other subject (the target), and was then asked to select questions to ask the target in order to facilitate the getting-acquainted process. After the target provided answers to these questions, perceivers' evaluations of targets' anxiety and targets' self-evaluations of anxiety were obtained. In addition, naive judges were asked to evaluate targets, based on the targets' answers to the perceivers' questions. Perceivers' self-concepts in the anxiety domain) predicted the kind of information sought about targets which, in turn, predicted the way in which judges rated targets. Judges' and perceivers' ratings of targets were also influenced b...
Direct Computation of the Focus of Expansion

Optical flow carries valuable information about the nature and depth of surfaces and the relative motion between observer and objects. In the extraction of this information, the focus of expansion plays a vital role. In contrast to the current approaches, this paper presents a method for the direct computation of the focus of expansion using an optimization approach. The optical flow can then be computed using the focus of expansion.
Fostering a Positive School Environment for Students with Cancer: The Role of the Principal

What are the different types of childhood cancer and their treatments? What are the physical, academic, and emotional effects of cancer? What strategies might principals use to work with students with can cer ? The information in this article should help principals be better prepared to work with students with cancer, and with their parents, teachers, and other school personnel to make the school environment as supportive as possible.
Alkenone producers inferred from well-preserved 18S rDNA in Greenland lake sediments

[1] The 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences of haptophyte algae were successfully amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from water filtrate, surface sediments, and a late-Holocene sediment sample (� 1000 years old) from a group of lakes in the Sondre Stromfjord region of west Greenland. The DNA of the algal primary producer is extremely well preserved in the laminated lake sediments which have been deposited in cold (1–2C), anoxic, and sulphidic bottom water. Phylogenetic analyses of the Greenland haptophyte rDNA sequences suggest that alkenones in the Greenland lake sediments are produced by haptophyte algae of the class Prymnesiophyceae. The 18S rDNA sequences from the Greenland samples cluster within a distinct phylotype, differing from both marine haptophytes and from those reported previously from Ace Lake, Antarctica. The similarity of haptophyte rDNA sequences among all samples in this study suggests a single alkenone-based temperature calibration may be applied to these lakes for at least the past 1000 years. These sedimentary archives hold great promise for highresolution, alkenone-based paleotemperature reconstruction of southern west Greenland, a region sensitive to atmospheric-oceanic climate phenomena such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO).
The Land Grant Concept and Extension Leadership

My view of the concepts contained in the opportunities and responsibilities of the Morrill Act, the Hatch Act, and the Smith-Lever Act, is that they are just as relevant today as they .have ever been. We have much more information and knowledge, more issues for applied research, more people to work with, more well-trained willing workers, and, therefore, more education potential than ever before. The idea of bringing ideas and discussions from a land grant university base to help resolve problems anywhere in the country has more potency in it now for a free society than perhaps any other concept of public education (Wallace).
Using systems of care to reduce incarceration of youth with serious mental illness.

Youth with serious mental illness come into contact with juvenile justice more than 3 times as often as other youth, obliging communities to expend substantial resources on adjudicating and incarcerating many who, with proper treatment, could remain in the community for a fraction of the cost. Incarceration is relatively ineffective at remediating behaviors associated with untreated serious mental illness and may worsen some youths’ symptoms and long-term prognoses. Systems of care represent a useful model for creating systems change to reduce incarceration of these youth. This paper identifies the systemic factors that contribute to the inappropriate incarceration of youth with serious mental illness, including those who have committed non-violent offenses or were detained due to lack of available treatment. It describes the progress of on-going efforts to address this problem including wraparound and diversion programs and others utilizing elements of systems of care. The utility of systems of care principles for increasing access to community-based mental health care for youth with serious mental illness is illustrated and a number of recommendations for developing collaborations with juvenile justice to further reduce the inappropriate incarceration of these youth are offered.
Soviet short‐range nuclear forces and doctrine

At a time when some NATO analysts are calling into question the value of U.S. short‐range nuclear capability, evidence is accumulating that the Soviet Union is deploying a similar capability of its...
Neutrophil CD44 rafts and rolls

In this issue of Blood , Yago and colleagues identify CD44 and new components to an intracellular kinase signaling cascade in murine neutrophils that activates LFA-1 integrins, and thus enables E-selectin–mediated slow rolling. Functional E-selectin ligands identified on murine neutrophils
Does body mass index affect outcome after reconstruction of orthotopic neobladder

Objectives To evaluate the impact of body mass index (BMI) on outcome after orthotopic neobladder (NB) reconstruction. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent radical cystectomy and NB from 1992 to 2004. The patients were categorized according to BMI into group 1, BMI less than 25 kg/m 2 ; group 2, BMI 25 to 29.9 kg/m 2 ; and group 3, BMI greater than 30 kg/m 2 . The relationships among the BMI categories, the predominant complications (eg, urinary tract infection [UTI]; pyelonephritis; ureteral, bladder neck, and urethral stricture), other complications, and continence were analyzed. Results Of the 343 patients who underwent radical cystectomy, 116 had an NB. The patient characteristics among the BMI groups were similar. Group 1 had fewer complications compared with the other groups ( P P = 0.001, P = 0.04, and P = 0.04, respectively). At the last follow-up visit, only 10% of the patients required clean intermittent catheterization to empty the NB, and no statistically significant differences were found in the continence status and voiding pattern among the groups. Conclusions An increased incidence of UTI, pyelonephritis, and wound infection was found in patients with increased BMI. However, they were transient and not life threatening. The continence and voiding patterns were relatively similar. Hence, an NB can be offered to patients with an increased BMI, and they should be formally counseled.
RHF and two-configuration SCF calculations are inappropriate for conjugated diradicals

Abstract Restricted Hartee Fock (RHF) and two-configuration self-consistent field (TCSCF) calculations provide qualitatively correct molecular orbitals for the two open-shell electrons in diradicals. Nevertheless, these calculations fail to give correct relative energies and in some cases they even lead to incorrect geometries. Examples of these failures are given for both singlet and triplet states of some conjugated diradicals. In several cases these failures are related to the “doublet instability problem” in RHF calculations on radicals. It is argued that unrestricted Hartee-Fock (UHF) calculations on triplet states are more likely that RHF to provide accurate geometries.
Further Studies on the Regulation of Human Placental Steroid 3-Sulfatase Activity1

Previously, we have proposed that inhibition of human placental steroid sulfatase by endogenous steroids may render it rate limiting and provide a mechanism controlling estrogen synthesis from C19-Δ5-3β-yl sulfates during pregnancy. Inhibitory effects of 129 endogenous and synthetic steroids on DHAS (l7-oxo-5-androsten- 3β-yl sulfate, apparent Km = 3.3 × 10-5M) hydrolysis by human term placental sulfatase have now been determined in vitro. Structure-activity data are compatible with binding of conjugated steroids to the enzyme via 3 sites, in addition to hydrophobic interactions. Inhibitory activity of unconjugated compounds is favored by planar Δ5-or 5α-structures unsubstituted except for oxygen functions at C-3 and C-20. Alternative substrates (e.g., pregnenolone sulfate, apparent Ki = 0.06 × 10-5M), acting competitively, were the most potent inhibitors. They appear to be the major potential factors reducing effective sulfatase levels in the proposed mechanism. Cumulative effects of other endogenous, co...
Service learning: a guide to selected resources

Purpose – Service learning has become an important teaching methodology in many American schools, colleges, and universities. Libraries will thus want to add resources to their collections in this subject area to support faculty and student research. This article aims to briefly define the concept of service learning and to describe selected resources in the area.Design/methodology/approach – The annotated bibliography is divided into three sections: organizations and their web sites, Periodicals, and Books.Findings – Service learning, once an experimental teaching and learning approach, has become well established as a pedagogy. In designing a successful service learning experience, teachers and faculty must identify real community needs, must structure the experience in such a way that students can grow and learn from it and, on completion of the experience, must assess its outcomes.Originality/value – This paper synthesizes the literature on service learning and provides a guide for librarians who want...
Transparent pointer compression for linked data structures

64-bit address spaces are increasingly important for modern applications, but they come at a price: pointers use twice as much memory, reducing the effective cache capacity and memory bandwidth of the system (compared to 32-bit address spaces). This paper presents a sophisticated, automatic transformation that shrinks pointers from 64-bits to 32-bits. The approach is "macroscopic," i.e., it operates on an entire logical data structure in the program at a time. It allows an individual data structure instance or even a subset thereof to grow up to 232 bytes in size, and can compress pointers to some data structures but not others. Together, these properties allow efficient usage of a large (64-bit) address space. We also describe (but have not implemented) a dynamic version of the technique that can transparently expand the pointers in an individual data structure if it exceeds the 4GB limit. For a collection of pointer-intensive benchmarks, we show that the transformation reduces peak heap sizes substantially by (20% to 2x) for several of these benchmarks, and improves overall performance significantly in some cases.
Effects of vacation properties on local education budgets

AbstractResidents of school districts with large percentages of vacation properties have the opportunity to export a portion of their school taxes onto the owners of those vacation properties. Those property owners are unlikely to consume educational services or have the opportunity to vote against local school taxes. Previous studies address exportation of taxes onto vacation property owners and the effects on local government budgets generally but not on education finances specifically. This study connects research on rates of vacation properties with that on local education finances by using data from the state of Georgia in 2010 and weighted least squares regression analysis to show that high percentages of vacation properties do indeed result in larger local school expenditures.
Red Flags: A Model for the Early Warning of Refugee Outflows

The best time to stop a refugee crisis is before it starts. In order for this to be possible, an effective early warning system (EWS) is necessary. However, for an EWS to be practical it must not only be accurate and timely but also user-friendly. What follows is an attempt to provide such an EWS. Using a dataset containing information on 170 countries, a simple binary logistic model was created using only 6 independent variables in its final version. The model accurately predicted whether or not a country produced refugees 90% of the time.
Hepatic resection in 170 patients using saline‐cooled radiofrequency coagulation

Background. Hepatic resection for malignancies or symptomatic benign liver lesions remains the standard of treatment. Historically, the principal cause of mortality during liver resection was intraoperative bleeding. Advances in surgical and anesthetic techniques, along with application of new technologies, have decreased blood loss and dramatically improved the outcomes for major liver surgery. Methods. The purpose of this prospective study was to determine the utility of a saline-cooled radiofrequency coagulation device (TissueLink Medical, Inc.) for hepatic resection. Intraoperative bleeding, blood transfusion, postoperative bile leak, and other complications were noted. Results. The results are described for 170 patients undergoing hepatic resection over a three-year period. There were no intraoperative or postoperative deaths. Six patients in the series received blood transfusions for a transfusion rate of 3.5%. Four patients experienced a transient postoperative bile leak. Three of the four closed spontaneously prior to discharge home, and the fourth closed promptly after ERCP. There were no episodes of postoperative hemorrhage, hepatic failure, liver abscess, or reoperation. Conclusions. The saline-cooled radiofrequency coagulation device is very effective in achieving intraoperative hemostasis and facilitates liver parenchymal transection during hepatic resection.
Equality Within Military Organizations

Abstract In this paper, I wish to discover whether there is some mark or feature common to all of the warfighting cooperative virtues, playing an essential, identifiable role in the intentions presupposed by each. While the fundamental intention not to harm innocents constrains and informs external justice (jus in bello) in the moral craft of warfighting, a similar intention constrains and informs justice internal to warfighting organizations. As I shall argue, ‘equality of innocence’, understood as ‘no harm’, serves a fundamental role within the intentions of internal justice at play for cooperative warfighting teams that excel. By ‘equality of innocence’ understood as ‘no harm,’ which plays some role within any martial cooperative virtue, I mean this: no one is to be harmed unless his contributions to the warfighting team are not what they ought to be. ‘No harm’ is an implicit expectation of virtuous soldiers, and it must be a part of the implicit and explicit norms of any excellent warfighting organiza...
Survival After Alcohol Septal Ablation for Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Background—The clinical efficacy of alcohol septal ablation for obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) has been demonstrated, but the long-term effects of the procedure remain uncertain. This study examined the survival of patients after septal ablation performed in a tertiary HCM referral center. Methods and Results—We examined 177 patients (mean age, 64 years; 68% women) who underwent septal ablation at our institution. Over a follow-up of 5.7 years, survival free of all mortality was no different than the expected survival for a comparable general population, and similar to that of age- and sex-matched patients who underwent isolated surgical myectomy (8-year survival estimate, 79% versus 79%; P=0.64). For the end point of documented sudden cardiac death or unknown cause of death, the incidence per 100 person-year follow-up was 1.31 (95% confidence interval, 0.60–2.38). Residual left ventricular outflow tract gradient after ablation was an independent predictor of long-term survival free of any ...
Family structure and mothers' caregiving of children with cystic fibrosis.

The purpose of this investigation is to examine differences in the experiences of mothers of children with cystic fibrosis who are in diverse family structures (first-marriage families, stepfamily households, single-parent households). In particular, mothers’ perceptions of children’s health, adherence to prescribed treatments, and help received from others were compared and predictors of treatment adherence were examined. Children’s health and adherence to treatment regimens were not related to family structure. Mothers had the major responsibility for seeing that cystic fibrosis treatments were followed, regardless of family structure. Single mothers received less help than married and repartnered mothers. Married fathers helped with treatments more than nonresidential divorced fathers and stepfathers. Implications for nursing practice and suggestions for future research are offered.
Why does working memory span predict complex cognition? Testing the strategy affordance hypothesis

We introduce and empirically evaluate the strategy affordance hypothesis, which holds that individual differences in strategy use will mediate the relationship between performances on a working memory (WM) span task and another cognitive task only when the same strategies are afforded by both tasks. One hundred forty-eight participants completed basic memory tasks and verbal span tasks that afford the same strategies, such as imagery and sentence generation, and completed reading comprehension tasks that afford different ones, such as self-questioning and summarization. Effective strategy use on WM span tasks accounted for variance in the span-memory relationship, but not for the span-comprehension relationship, supporting the strategy affordance hypothesis. Strategy use mediated the span-cognition relationship only when both tasks afforded the same strategies.
Modification of α-crystallin subunit chains and formation of α-neoprotein molecules: Role of SH groups☆

Abstract Immunoadsorbents with bound antibodies restricted to determinants dependent on α-crystallin's quaternary structure permitted the fractionation of the population of 125 I-labeled α-crystallin molecules, treated by iodoacetic acid, into molecules in which the native structure was still preserved and molecules with a completely different quaternary structure than the native protein. Parallel experiments with [ 14 C]iodoacetic acid yielded information on the percentage of blocked SH groups in each of the above two fractions. The presence of molecules formed by A with B-chain association was established by sequential binding first to an immunoadsorbent with antibodies restricted to determinants located on α-crystallin's A-subunit chains as ligand and second, after desorption, to an immunoadsorbent with antibodies to B chains as ligand. With the aid of these techniques, it was established that (i) The modified α-crystallin molecules with quaternary determinants of the native protein contained a maximum of 23% blocked SH groups, indicating that the carboxymethylation involved only the fastreacting surface SH groups. (ii) The modified α-crystallin molecules without the native protein's quaternary structure were built by a different association between A and B subunits than in α-crystallin, indicating formation of α-neoprotein molecules. (iii) Monomeric A chains with all SH groups carboxymethylated, and monomeric B chains in a ratio of 1A:5B, 2A:1B, and 5A:1B in urea solution, associate on dialysis, forming α-neoprotein molecules.
SASE in plasmas: Analysis and simulation of Raman backscatter from noise

Abstract Theoretical techniques from free-electron laser research are modified for analytical and numerical investigations of Raman Backscatter (RBS) in plasmas. The physical system consists of an intense short laser pulse propagating through an underdense plasma. The analogy with the free-electron laser is essentially a correspondence of the plasma electrons with the electron beam, the incident laser pulse with the wiggler and the backscatter pulse with the radiation. This approach has significant advantages over previous theoretical treatments, which were mostly linear fluid theories, and particle-in-cell simulations which are computationally expensive. The problem of backscatter from noise, which is the RBS equivalent of SASE, is analyzed and compared to experimental observations.
A novel optimization method for reversible logic circuit minimization

Programmable reversible logic is emerging as a prospective logic design style for implementation in modern nanotechnology and quantum computing with minimal impact on circuit heat generation. Recent advances in reversible logic using and quantum computer algorithms allow for improved computer architecture and arithmetic logic unit designs. We present an optimization method for reversible logic synthesis based on the Integrated Qubit (IQ) library. This method works in conjunction with existing methods to further improve quantum cost and delay of a synthesized reversible logic circuit. This algorithm runs in O(N) time, and reduces the quantum cost of synthesized circuit by up to 45 percent. In addition, the process of replacing the gates in the synthesized circuits with IQ gates uses a locally optimal technique whose major benefits include reduction of cost as well as delay.
Evaluation of erectile function in men with sickle cell disease.

Abstract Objectives To evaluate and characterize erectile manifestations associated with sickle cell disease using nocturnal penile tumescence testing with polysomnography (NPT/PSG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the penis. Methods Six variably potent men with sickle cell disease, of whom 5 reported a history of priapism, underwent comprehensive evaluations of erectile function. Evaluations involved a medical history and physical examination with completion of priapism and sexual function questionnaires, followed by NPT/PSG and MRI of the penis. Results Many different erectile abnormalities were identified in this group using NPT/PSG, although nocturnal erection durations as well as detumescence times were uniformly prolonged. Various axial rigidity measurements were obtained, which correlated fairly well with individual reports of erectile function. MRI findings ranged from normal corporeal anatomy to corporeal destruction with intracorporeal fibrosis and hemosiderin deposition. Conclusions In sickle cell disease, the erectile dysfunction that commonly occurs may be markedly different among men with this disease and may not always be predicted on the basis of clinical history of priapism. Generally, clinical assessments of erectile function may be derived from clinical histories and physical examinations. NPT/PSG and MRI of the penis are in accord with these assessments, obviating their routine use, although they may be valuable management adjuncts in certain situations.