cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparing a Self-Administered Measure of Empathy with Observed Behavior Among Medical Students

PURPOSE Studies show that measures of physician and medical students’ empathy decline with clinical training. Presently, there are limited data relating self-reported measures to observed behavior. This study explores a self-reported measure and observed empathy in medical students.
Stereoisomere Formen des Äthyl‐hemiacetals von aldehydo‐D‐Galaktosepentaacetat

Es wird bewiesen, das das Athyl-hemiacetal von aldehydo-D-Galaktosepentaacetat in zwei stereoisomeren Formen existiert, deren Mutarotationseigenschaften in Chloroform (Abb. 1) verglichen werden.
Stresses in thin films for hyperfiltration

Abstract An elastic and a viscoelastic analyses have been performed to determine the extent to which thin polymer films used in “hyperfiltration” process of desalination of brackish or sea water may be stressed. It was found that if pores of the size comparable to the thickness of the film exist in the rigid supporting material, stress of the order of magnitude comparable to the ultimate strength of the film may be induced.
Filtration assay for quantitation of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) specific binding to whole cells in culture.

Abstract A rapid and sensitive filtration assay for quantitating the specific binding of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p -dioxin (TCDD) to whole cells in culture is described. Cell monolayers are incubated with [ 3 H]TCDD in the presence or absence of excess unlabeled ligand, detached from the culture dish with trypsin, filtered, and washed with cold (−78°C) acetone to separate free and nonspecifically bound TCDD from specifically bound TCDD. TCDD receptor binding parameters were characterized in the murine hepatoma cell line Hepa1c1c7. The lower limit of detection of TCDD specific binding was in a sample equivalent to 10 μg of total cell protein. The equilibrium dissociation constant and stereospecificity for binding to the TCDD receptor were the same as those previously reported with other TCDD receptor assays on broken cell preparations. Analysis of binding in the murine hepatoma TCDD receptor variants TAO-c1BP r c1 and BP r c1 indicated that this assay will detect receptor number or affinity variants, but will not detect nuclear transfer deficient variants. The major advantage of the whole cell binding assay is that it provides the means to rapidly and reproducibly quantitate TCDD specific binding in small samples of whole cells in culture. In addition, this method eliminates loss or degradation of the receptor protein during the fractionation of cells required in previously reported methods. This method should prove useful in screening clonal cell populations for TCDD receptor number and affinity variants, and in screening for TCDD receptor binding activity in complementation studies of receptor deficient cells.
TSLIM imaging and a morphometric analysis of the mouse spiral ganglion.

Abstract Thin-sheet laser imaging microscopy (TSLIM) was used to serially section five whole cochleas from 4-wk-old CBA/JCr mice. Three-dimensional reconstructions of Rosenthal’s canal (RC) were produced in order to measure canal length and volume, to generate orthogonal cross sections for area measurements, and to determine spiral ganglion neuron (SGN) number. RC length averaged 2.0 mm ± 0.04 (SEM) as measured along the centroid of the canal compared to an average basilar membrane (BM) length of 5.9 ± 0.05 (SEM). RC volume averaged 0.036 mm 3 ± 0.009 (SEM). Significant increases in the radial area of RC were observed at the base (13%), middle (62%), and apex (90%) of its length. The total number of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) in RC in each of the five animals averaged 8626 ± 96 (SEM). SGN number increased at the expanded regions of RC. Increased area and cell number at the base and apex are likely related to extensions of the organ of Corti past the length of RC in these areas. The increase in area and cell number in the middle of the RC appears to be related to the most sensitive frequency region of the organ of Corti. Volume imaging or tomography of the cochlea as provided by TSLIM has the potential to be an efficient and accurate semi-automated method for the quantitative assessment of the number of SGNs and hair cells of the organ of Corti.
Electrophoretic analysis of twenty-four specimens of human pancreatic juice.

Abstract An analysis of pancreatic juice from 24 patients on celluloseacetate strips has shown a consistent order of migration of lipase, amylase, ribonuclease, trypsin inhibitor, procarboxypeptidase, chrymotrypsinogen, and trypsinogen bands. In addition to the bands found in duodenal juice by Silberberg and Hadorn 18 we have located two ribonucleases and a second trypsinogen similar to that found by Figarella et al. 19 . In addition albumin appears to have leaked into the pancreatic juice in patients with pancreatitis.
FATTY ACID FLIP-FLOP IN PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYERS IS EXTREMELY FAST

The rate of movement of fatty acids (FA) across phospholipid bilayers is an important consideration for their mechanism of transport across cell membranes but has not yet been measured. When FA move undirectionally across phospholipid bilayers, the rapid movement of un-ionized FA compared to ionized FA results in transport of protons. We have previously used this property to show that FA move spontaneously ("flip-flop") across the bilayer of small unilamellar vesicles within approximately 1 s (Kamp & Hamilton, 1992, 1993). This work extends the time resolution of this assay into the millisecond time range by use of stopped flow fluorometry. In small unilamellar vesicles (diameter, approximately 25 nm) at neutral pH, flip-flop of all fatty acids studied (lauric, myristic, palmitic, oleic, and stearic) was > or = 80% complete within 5-10 ms. In large unilamellar vesicles (diameter, approximately 100 nm), the same fatty acids exhibited fast flip-flop but with a measureable rate (t 1/2 = 23 +/- 12 ms). The calculated pseudounimolecular rate constant of the un-ionized FA (kFAH) approximately 15 s-1. There was no dependence of the flip-flop rate on the fatty acid chain length or structure. We also monitored the rate of desorption and transbilayer movement of (anthroyloxy)stearic acid in small unilamellar vesicles. Whereas previous studies suggested slow flip-flop of this FA analogue, the present studies suggest that (anthroyloxy)stearic acid flip-flops rapidly and that earlier studies did not truly measure the transbilayer movement step. These findings further support the view that proteins are not required for translocation of FA across cell membranes.
Service Through Research: My Life in Higher Education

It’s odd to recall what kind of circumstances affect major decisions in our lives. In my case it was a book. Back in the early 1960s, when I was wrestling with the decision on what field of study to consider for doctoral work, I came across a copy of the newly published The American College (1962). The description of the studies completed in American higher education by Nevitt Sanford and other psychologists, sociologists, and social psychologists fascinated me. So too did the book’s plea that higher education should be a field of study in and of itself. The book and the plea helped me eventually to decide what I would do with my professional life, a life that began to expand at Michigan State University in the early 1960s and extended to Syracuse University in the 2000s. In this essay I would like to share what I consider to be important influences on my life and career, and then to provide some reflections on my own contributions to the field of higher education. Describing how and why I conducted some of my studies may, I hope, help students understand the process of doing research. Early in my graduate studies I came across a book about how sociologists work. The book was written by sociologists who described in some detail how they went about doing particular research studies. This essay follows that same approach in describing my own rationale and experiences in carrying out studies in higher education. During my 40 plus professional years my interests have shifted somewhat, although assessment and the use of assessment information to improve the climate for learning and teaching have always been at the core. My research agenda overlaps three noted researchers who preceded me in
Effect of interface shape on advancing and receding fluid-contact angles around spherical particles

The angle of contact between a solid surface and a fluid interface plays a key role in wetting and is therefore a focus in studies of a wide range of natural phenomena and fluidic technologies. The contact angle ranges between two values, a maximum (advancing) angle and a minimum (receding) angle. These limiting angles are thought to be properties of the fluids and of the chemistry or topography of the solid. By contrast, we find that the value of the receding angle can be significantly reduced by altering the interface shape. Using millimeter-sized spheres coated with polydimethylsiloxane and pulled through an air–water interface, we observe that the receding angle decreases from 101 ± 1° at a planar interface to as low as 80 ± 1° at saddle- or cylinder-shaped interfaces. The angle decreases smoothly with the deviatoric curvature of the interface (a measure of the shape anisotropy) and is linked to a non-circular contact line.
National culture and firm-level tax evasion☆

Abstract A significant research stream provides evidence that institutional, demographic, and attitudinal factors influence the likelihood of tax evasion. Assessments of culture's role in tax evasion are far more scarce and limited. Absent are investigations of how theoretically derived culture variables predict tax evasion likelihood. Institutional anomie theory (IAT) informs this research gap, suggesting cultural values that likely influence deviant firm behaviors. Accordingly, a cross-cultural perspective examines the influence of important cultural forces (individualism, achievement orientation, assertiveness, humane orientation) on tax evasion, simultaneously controlling for institutional, demographic, and attitudinal factors. Multilevel analysis, with both country- and firm-level data, examines actual reports of firm tax illegal evasion from over 3000 companies in 31 countries using hierarchical generalized linear modeling. After controlling for the above-mentioned factors, a subset of influential cultural values stipulated by IAT surfaces to predict tax evasion. Findings suggest a number of theoretical and practical cross-cultural research implications.
Assembling and installing LRUs for NIF

Within the 192 National Ignition Facility (NIF) beamlines, there are over 7000 large (40 × 40 cm) optical components, including laser glass, mirrors, lenses, and polarizers. These optics are held in large opto-mechanical assemblies called linereplaceable units (LRUs). Each LRU has strict specifications with respect to cleanliness, alignment, and wavefront so that once activated, each NIF beamline will meet its performance requirements. NIF LRUs are assembled, tested, and refurbished in on-site cleanroom facilities. The assembled LRUs weigh up to 1800 kilograms, and are about the size of a phone booth. They are transported in portable clean canisters and inserted into the NIF beampath using robotic transporters. This plug and play design allows LRUs to be easily removed from the beampath for maintenance or upgrades. Commissioning of the first NIF quad, an activity known as NIF Early Light (NEL), has validated LRU designs and architecture, as well as demonstrated that LRUs can be assembled and installed as designed. Furthermore, it has served to develop key processes and tools forming the foundation for NIF s long-term LRU production and maintenance strategy. As we look forward to building out the rest of NIF, the challenge lies in scaling up the production rate while maintaining quality, implementing process improvements, and fully leveraging the learning and experience gained from NEL. This paper provides an overview of the facilities, equipment and processes used to assemble and install LRUs in NIF.
Do Materialists Prefer the “Brand-as-Servant”? The Interactive Effect of Anthropomorphized Brand Roles and Materialism on Consumer Responses

Although considerable attention has been paid to the “brand-as-partner,” the current research shows that the “brand-as-servant” is embraced by consumers whose value system facilitates a master-servant relationship in the quasi-social experiences provided by brand anthropomorphism. Four studies evince that differences in hierarchical structure inherent in brands working with (i.e., partner brands) versus working for (i.e., servant brands) consumers engender materialism to play a systematic role in determining consumer responses to being an equal partner versus dominating master in consumer-brand relationships. In particular, materialists respond more favorably to a servant brand than to a partner brand when the brand is anthropomorphized (vs. objectified), and they respond more favorably to an anthropomorphized servant brand than do nonmaterialists. This effect is actualized through traits of materialists, moderated by brand status and mediated by an activated desire to dominate the servant brand. This finding shows that partnership may not be the only meaningful relationship that consumers form with their brands.
Solar and wind energy portfolios and real-time pricing

This study develops a method to determine the least volatile combination of power output from wind and solar hybrid systems. Hourly data for wind and PV systems in Northwest Ohio are used to show that a combination of both is more stable and would have higher value to the grid than each individually. Value to the grid was established by correlating the real time output of solar, wind, or hybrid with 2009 hourly pricing data from the Midwest Interconnect. This method can be used to determine the ideal ratio in other parts of the country.
Sound attenuation of interpenetrating polymer network foams

Interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) composed of polyurethanes and epoxies were prepared by the simultaneous technique. Modifications of the polymer structures resulted in a series of IPNs exhibiting semimiscible behavior, as evidenced by broad glass transitions in the dynamic mechanical spectra. Since this indicates materials with potentially good sound attenuation properties as a function of temperature and frequency, foams were prepared from these IPN systems. Enhanced sound absorption occurred in these foams when measured using the impedance tube method.
The Individualized Diet and Exercise Adherence Pilot Trial (IDEA-P) in prostate cancer patients undergoing androgen deprivation therapy: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the foundation of treatment for men with metastatic prostate cancer and is now frequently incorporated into multimodality strategies for the curative treatment of locally advanced prostate cancer. Nevertheless, the catabolic effects of ADT result in meaningful adverse effects on physiological and quality of life outcomes, which may, in turn, increase the risk of functional decline, frailty, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome. Recent evidence demonstrates that lifestyle intervention promoting change in exercise and dietary behaviors is a promising approach, and may offset, or even reverse, the adverse effects accompanying ADT. Unfortunately, the limited existing studies of the effects of exercise and dietary interventions targeting patients with prostate cancer on ADT are characterized by high attrition rates and poor postintervention maintenance of treatment effects. Consequently, the Individualized Diet and Exercise Adherence Pilot Trial (IDEA-P) is designed to contrast the effects of a lifestyle intervention designed to promote independent self-management of exercise and dietary behavior with those of standard care disease management approach in the treatment of prostate cancer. A total of 40 patients with prostate cancer undergoing ADT will be randomly assigned to lifestyle intervention or standard care. Outcomes of interest in IDEA-P include changes in self-reported and objectively assessed physical function and physical activity, dietary behavior, body composition, muscular strength, and quality of life. Outcomes will be obtained at baseline, 2-month, and 3-month assessments by trial personnel blinded to participants’ randomization assignment. Findings from this study will establish the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of an innovative lifestyle intervention designed to promote progressively independent self-regulated exercise and dietary behavior change in the treatment of patients with prostate cancer undergoing ADT. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02050906 .
Computer generation of spectra of graphs: Applications to C60 clusters and other systems

A computer code based on the Givens-Householder matrix diagonalization method is used to calculate the spectra of graphs containing a large number of vertices. The code is most general in that it can handle graphs containing 200 or more vertices. Further, the code can be used to generate the spectra of weighted graphs. The program requires as input only the neighborhood table of the graph. The spectra of many graphs are generated for the first time in less than a few minutes of computer time. Applications to a number of chemical systems including two forms (foot and hand) of the recently synthesized c60 cluster and the effect of bond alternation on these systems are discussed. In addition, the spectra of square and honeycomb lattices and the characteristic polynomials of the foot and hand forms of the c60 cluster are obtained.
Can NASH lipidome provide insight into the pathogenesis of obesity-related non-alcoholic fatty liver disease?

It is estimated that approximately 1 billion people around the world may have Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) with a prevalence of 20–30% in Western countries [1–3]. Obesity is both the most common predictor of NAFLD and the most rapidly growing health concern in the world [4]. The growing number of people, of all ages, who currently have NAFLD and the estimates of those that will develop this condition based on the projected rates of obesity, urgently necessitates numerous lines of research focusing on the diagnosis and effective treatment of NAFLD. Since NAFLD is so intricately correlated with insulin resistance and obesity, a natural and surprisingly understudied area of NAFLD research is the study of the changes in the lipid composition of biological fluids and relevant tissues through the exploration of a broad field commonly known as: lipidomics. It is evident that the changes in the lipid profiles within the liver, the adipose tissue and the plasma, accompany NAFLD, however, the contribution of these changes to the pathogenesis of this disease remain enigmatic [5]. In the current paper titled ‘‘Circulating phospholipid profiling identifies portal contribution to NASH signature in obesity,’’ Anjani and colleagues used mass spectrometry-based lipidomic analysis to dissect this so-called Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) ‘‘signature’’ in a cohort of 46 morbidly obese women. The study simultaneously profiled several types
A switched-capacitor DC-DC converter using delta-sigma digital pulse frequency modulation control method

This paper presents a switched capacitor (SC) DC-DC converter using digital control method based on delta-sigma pulse frequency modulation (PFM) to accomplish a fast transient recovery time when output load changes rapidly. The DC-DC converter utilizes the first-order error feedback delta-sigma algorithm to control the switching frequency of the digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) using thermometer code. The load voltage of the SC DC-DC converter is regulated by the switching frequency of the DCO output based on the error between the load voltage and the reference voltage. The digital control method has two operation modes for fast transient recovery time; course and fine tuning modes to change the DCO's switching frequencies fast and accurately. The proposed converter accomplishes 72% power conversion efficiency, settling time of less than 460ns, and maximum deliverable output power of 230mW. The estimated total power consumption of the control loop is less than 0.82mW at 1.6V operation voltage.
The Relative Facts Interpretation and Everett's Note Added in Proof

Abstract In the published version of Hugh Everett III's doctoral dissertation, he inserted what has become a famous footnote, the “note added in proof”. This footnote is often the strongest evidence given for any of various interpretations of Everett (the many worlds, many minds, many histories and many threads interpretations). In this paper I will propose a new interpretation of the footnote. One that is supported by evidence found in letters written to and by Everett; one that is suggested by a new interpretation of Everett, an interpretation that takes seriously the central position of relative states in Everett's pure wave mechanics: the relative facts interpretation. Of central interest in this paper is how to make sense of Everett's claim in the “note added in proof” that “all elements of a superposition (all “branches”) are “actual,” none any more “real” than the rest.”
Design considerations in bandgap references over process variations

In this paper, simple expressions to compute the error in the reference voltage of a bandgap reference (BGR) circuit over process variations are developed. They are used to compare the performance of two popular BGR topologies, and it is shown that even though both of them achieve identical temperature compensation, one of them is more vulnerable to process variations. Further, it is shown that some errors can be reduced by decreasing the resistor ratio at the expense of increase in the area of the bipolar transistors.
Patterns of cycloheximide and puromycin effect on interferon production stimulated by virus or polyribonucleotide in different tissues.

SummaryAlthough cycloheximide and puromycin inhibit interferon production by liver and spleen slices from rabbits preinjected with a polyribonucleotide or Newcastle disease virus, production in kidney and lung slices is less affected and may be enhanced. The “escape” of interferon, which we postulate is due to preferential inhibition of a regulatory protein, was primarily in the later phases of production, and could be prevented by a combination of cycloheximide and puromycin.
Cognitive and psychosocial functioning of pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients: A prospective longitudinal study

A prospective longitudinal study of cognitive and psychosocial functioning in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) patients was conducted on three occasions: pre-HSCT, 1 year post-HSCT, and 2 years post-HSCT. In contrast to the previous hypothesis that cognitive declines would occur as a result of HSCT treatment, it was hypothesized that (1) global cognitive functioning (IQ scores), as well as specific areas would remain stable over time; (2) pre-transplant functioning would be predictive of later functioning; and (3) age would be negatively related to cognitive functioning. Based on previous research it was further hypothesized: that (4) while declines in psychosocial functioning might be seen at 1 year, functioning would improve by 2 years. 153 children and adolescents were evaluated pre-HSCT and at 1 year, with 2 year data available for 74 children. Longitudinal analyses of Wechsler IQ data were completed on 100 children (longitudinal exact test) and 52 children (repeated measures analysis of variance. Results of cognitive assessment indicated (1) stability of IQ scores over time; and (2) that the strongest predictor was pre-HSCT cognitive functioning. Psychosocial assessment results indicated: (1) a low prevalence of behavioral and social problems; (2) stability in functioning over time; (3) pre-HSCT functioning strongly predictive of later functioning.
The Dye-Tracer Method for Measuring Aerial Spray Deposits in Forest Insect Research

The dye-tracer method for measuring aerial spray deposits consists of dissolving a known amount of dye in the spray liquid and then measuring the amount of dye recovered in the spray deposit. In forest insect research dye tracers are used for studying the spray distribution from various types of aerial spray equipment and aircraft, and for evaluating spray coverage on small forest plots. At the time of spraying, deposit samples are taken on glass or metal plates. Then, in the laboratory, the deposits are washed of (and the dye in each is measured in a Dubosq® colorimeter or a spectrophotometer. Of the two, the colorimeter is faster but has a lower sensitivity (0.05 gallon per acre). The spectrophotometer procedure, while more complicated, has a sensitivity of 0.02 gallon per acre and in addition will measure each of the 2 dyes in the mixed deposit from the dual-sprayer apparatus.
The Impact of an Infectious Diseases Transition Service on the Care of Outpatients on Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy

Background: Many hospitalized patients with complicated infections are discharged on outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT). However, little is known about how to improve the postdischa...
Mortierella Umbellata, a New Species from Georgia

A new species in the Actinomortierella Section of the genus Mortierella is illustrated and described. It is characterized by sporangiophores with an umbel-like branching habit, the absence of subsp...
Percutaneous Nephrostomy: Assessment of Renal Damage Associated with Semi-Rigid (24F) and Balloon (36F) Dilation

AbstractIn an effort to discern the amount of renal damage incurred by antegrade percutaneous nephrostomy and nephrostomy tract dilation, we studied the long-term effect of acutely created 24F and 36F percutaneous nephrostomy tracts on 12 pig kidneys. Half of the nephrostomy tracts were dilated using a semi-rigid 24F fascial dilating system (Amplatz design) and half were dilated using a 36F balloon dilation system. Animals were killed at six weeks and the nephrostomy tract was dissected, fixed in formalin, and microscopic cross-sections were stained with Masson’s trichrome stain for collagen prior to morphometry using computerized planimetry. In this study, renal damage from the nephrostomy tract averaged 0.15% of the total renal cortical surface. Balloon dilation to 36F incurred no more significant damage than fascial dilation to 24F.
The handicapped benefit under compensatory education programs.

In addition to a brief report on benefits to handicapped children under Title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, this paper raises two major questions: (a) How will special ed...
Prior hospital admission predicts thirty-day hospital readmission for heart failure patients.

Background: Hospital readmission is a significant health burden. More than 20% of heart failure (HF) patients are readmitted within 30 days of discharge leading to billions of dollars in health care expenditures. However, the role of prior hospital admissions to predict 30-day readmission for HF patients is not fully understood. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed HF hospitalization data for 4 years at a single medical center. Association between prior admission and 30-day readmission after HF hospitalization was assessed using a multivariate logistic regression model. Results: A total of 1,999 patients with index HF hospitalizations were identified, and 366 of them (18%) were readmitted within 30 days. The rate of readmission was 14%, 20%, and 33% in patients with 0, 1, ≥ 2 prior admissions. Patients with one prior admission had a 50% higher risk (confidence interval [CI] 1.10–2.05, p = 0.011) for readmission, while those with ≥ 2 prior admissions had a more than 3-fold increase in readmission (CI 2.27–4.09, p < 0.001), after adjustments for relevant clinical covariates. Prior hospital admission provided incremen­tal value in predicting readmissions, shown by the significant improvement in the readmission predictive model (C-statistics increased from 0.57 to 0.63). However, neither the length of stay nor recency of prior admission was a significant factor in predicting readmissions. Conclusions: Hospital admission prior to an index HF hospitalization is associated with a significantly increased risk for 30-day hospital readmission and could be used to identify patients at high-risk for readmission and potentially target interventions to reduce the risk of readmission for these patients
The Legal Framework for FDI: Origins, Principles and Structure

This chapter makes a retrospective analysis of FDI legislation. This is in part a response to the work of Gordley, who noted that the law of a single country cannot be an independent object of study. In order to understand law, even within a single country, one must look beyond its boundaries — indeed, beyond one’s own time.1 However, the purpose of this historical review is also to present a comparative historical sketch of the common and divergent features of Kazakh legislation relevant to FDI. In trying to understand what role the state does and should play, it is helpful to take into account the structure of law.2 Further, because the rules have been aptly described as the ‘skin’ of a living policy,3 it is equally important to identify correlations between FDI legislation and changes in sociopolitical structures, and to monitor shifts in the dominant state policy towards FDI. Furthermore, undoubtedly, the legislation, through its history, principles and structure, reflects the choice of the government. The following section will examine the evolution of the relevant legislation in order to assess the overall dynamics of the FDI-related legislation before and immediately after Kazakh independence.
Short‐range, overpressure‐driven methane migration in coarse‐grained gas hydrate reservoirs

Two methane migration mechanisms have been proposed for coarse-grained gas hydrate reservoirs: short-range diffusive gas migration and long-range advective fluid transport from depth. Herein we demonstrate that short-range fluid flow due to overpressure in marine sediments is a significant additional methane transport mechanism that allows hydrate to precipitate in large quantities in thick, coarse-grained hydrate reservoirs. Two-dimensional simulations demonstrate that this migration mechanism, short-range advective transport, can supply significant amounts of dissolved gas and is unencumbered by limitations of the other two end-member mechanisms. Here, short-range advective migration can increase the amount of methane delivered to sands as compared to the slow process of diffusion, yet it is not necessarily limited by effective porosity reduction as is typical of updip advection from a deep source.
From Animation to Augmentation: Dennō Coil and the Composited Self:

When cities are covered over with layers of augmented reality, what shadows are cast by this new ability to see? The Japanese anime series Dennō Coil explores exactly this question, following a group of children living in a near-future society where augmented reality glasses have become as essential to daily life as smartphones have today. Comparing debates over ‘seamful’ design in ubiquitous computing with the role of the alpha channel in digital image compositing, the author argues for understanding the sensory environments of augmented reality as part of a longer history of bringing the animated image out into the spaces of everyday life. This article explores the new physical and psychological demands placed on individuals as they seek to navigate the protocols of this newly augmented world, while cultivating and conditioning what the author calls the ‘composited self’.
The contemplative self after Michel Henry: a phenomenological theology, by Joseph Rivera

Joseph Rivera’s The Contemplative Self After Michel Henry: A Phenomenological Theology has appeared at a fortuitous time, offering a noteworthy contribution to the now burgeoning field of English-l...
Endodontics for the General Practitioner

The chapter discusses the key factors in diagnosing common pulpal and periapical conditions, accessing, cleaning and shaping and obturation of the root canal system.
Improved Feedstock Option or Invasive Risk? Comparing Establishment and Productivity of Fertile Miscanthus × giganteus to Miscanthus sinensis

The perennial grass genus Miscanthus has great promise as biomass feedstock, but there are concerns about potential invasion outside production fields. While the sterile hybrid Miscanthus × giganteus is currently one of the leading feedstock options due to its low invasive potential, fertile varieties are being developed to reduce establishment costs, and their invasive risks need to be further assessed. We performed seed addition experiments in Ohio and Iowa, USA to examine the establishment, flowering, persistence, and shoot biomass per plot of a fertile M. × giganteus biotype (‘PowerCane’) and two Miscanthus sinensis biotypes, one feral, and one ornamental. Seeds were added to small, replicated plots in each of the 2 years under two seeding densities and two competition treatments, and plots were monitored for 2–3 years. The ‘PowerCane’ biotype established better, survived better, and produced greater amounts of biomass per plot than both M. sinensis biotypes. All three biotypes flowered by the second or third year after establishment, with inflorescences more numerous in ‘PowerCane’ and the Ornamental M. sinensis biotypes. Effects of seeding density and competition on these patterns were minor in most cases. Our research suggests that ‘PowerCane’ exhibits many traits shared by both biomass crops and invasive species: multi-year persistence, high biomass potential, and fertility. We suggest that the benefits of a seeded M. × giganteus should be carefully weighed against its increased invasive risk prior to deployment across the landscape.
Natural Products as New Treatment Options for Trichomoniasis: A Molecular Docking Investigation

Trichomoniasis, caused by the parasitic protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis, is the most common non-viral sexually-transmitted disease, and there can be severe complications from trichomoniasis. Antibiotic resistance in T. vaginalis is increasing, but there are currently no alternatives treatment options. There is a need to discover and develop new chemotherapeutic alternatives. Plant-derived natural products have long served as sources for new medicinal agents, as well as new leads for drug discovery and development. In this work, we have carried out an in silico screening of 952 antiprotozoal phytochemicals with specific protein drug targets of T. vaginalis. A total of 42 compounds showed remarkable docking properties to T. vaginalis methionine gamma-lyase (TvMGL) and to T. vaginalis purine nucleoside phosphorylase (TvPNP). The most promising ligands were polyphenolic compounds, and several of these showed docking properties superior to either co-crystallized ligands or synthetic enzyme inhibitors.
Optimal Mode Coupling in Simple Planar Waveguides

The problem of coupling electromagnetic or acoustic waves into a dielectric waveguide with minimal energy loss is formulated as a structural (topology) optimization problem. Optimal solutions are shown to attain at least one material constraint, almost everywhere in the design domain. A numerical optimization procedure using a level set method is proposed, and results from numerical experiments are described.
Understanding Latino Grandparents Raising Grandchildren Through a Bioecological Lens

The purpose of this article is to provide a summary of the published research addressing the challenges and strengths of Latino grandparents raising grandchildren in the United States. Using the bioecological framework as a guide to organize and understand the published literature addressing Latino grandparent caregivers, we examined refereed articles published over the past 19 years. This framework provides a lens for understanding and situating research on Latino grandparents raising grandchildren to discover Latino grandparents' strengths and challenges. The areas of foci include financial challenges, intergenerational relationships, reasons for caregiving, health status, language barriers, and culture. This article concludes with future research opportunities and a call to action for more research on Latino grandparents raising grandchildren.
Radiation exposure during intramedullary nailing.

Abstract Surgeons should aim to keep radiation exposure “As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA)” during intramedullary nailing and other minimally invasive surgical procedures. This requires understanding the principles of ionizing radiation and methods for minimizing exposure risk. The main source of radiation exposure to surgical personnel during fluoroscopy is from scattered radiation. Since radiation scatter is mainly directed towards the fluoroscopy source, the best configuration during surgery to reduce radiation dose to the surgeon is to position the fluoroscopic source below the operating room table and the image collector above the table. During cross table imaging, the surgeon should stand on the side with the image collector to minimize their exposure to radiation scatter. To reduce scattered radiation the patient must be placed as close to the image collector and as far away from the x-ray tube as possible. Standing farther away from the patient can exponentially reduce radiation exposure. The hands usually have the greatest dose exposure to radiation during surgical procedures, but they are far less radiosensitive than the eyes or thyroid. To minimize exposure to the hands, a surgeon should use the hands-off technique taking fluoroscopic images only when his or her hands are farthest from the radiographic field. Lead gowns, lead thyroid shields, and lead glasses, further reduces an individual’s exposure to radiation.
Emotions, Values, and Agency, by Christine Tappolet

This excellent, concise, and engaging volume is highly recommended for anyone working in the philosophy of emotion or interested in the relation between emotions and perception, ethics, or agency. ...
Anatomy of secondary features in keystroke dynamics - achieving more with less

Keystroke dynamics is an effective behavioral biometric for user authentication at a computer terminal. While many distinctive features have been used for the analysis of acquired user patterns and verification of users transparently, a group of features such as Shift and Comma has always been overlooked and treated as noise. In this paper, we define these normally ignored features as secondary features and investigate their effectiveness in user verification/authentication. By evaluating all the available secondary features, we have found that they contain valuable information that is characteristic of individuals. With a limited number of secondary features, we achieved a promising Equal Error Rate (EER) of 2.94% and Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC) of 0.9940 for classification on a publicly available data set. Surprisingly, this result compares well with the results obtained from primary features by other researchers and we are able to achieve quality results with fewer data records, indicating a reduced training time in comparison.
Guideline on Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry

Isotope dilution mass spectrometry is used to determine the concentration of an element of interest in a bulk sample. It is a destructive analysis technique that is applicable to a wide range of analytes and bulk sample types. With this method, a known amount of a rare isotope, or ‘spike’, of the element of interest is added to a known amount of sample. The element of interest is chemically purified from the bulk sample, the isotope ratio of the spiked sample is measured by mass spectrometry, and the concentration of the element of interest is calculated from this result. This method is widely used, although a mass spectrometer required for this analysis may be fairly expensive.
Resolving the vulnerability paradox in the cross-national prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder.

Socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals are at heightened risk for developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following exposure to trauma. Yet a study of cross-national lifetime prevalence rates of PTSD revealed that countries scoring high on an index reflecting cultural and socioeconomic disadvantage exhibited lower rates of PTSD in response to trauma, evincing what the authors called "a vulnerability paradox in the cross-national prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder" Duckers, Alisic, & Brewin (2016a, p. 300). Drawing on classic studies in sociology and political science concerning the ecological fallacy, the author suggests ways to resolve the striking paradox discovered by Duckers et al.
Acute Kidney Injury

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is defined as the deterioration in kidney function, detected by an increase in serum creatinine and decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Different classification systems exist for the diagnosis of AKI. Urine output can be variable, ranging from normal to anuria. AKI is classified into prerenal, intrinsic renal, and postrenal depending on the etiology. Common causes of AKI include volume depletion, acute tubular necrosis, acute interstitial nephritis (AIN), and urinary obstruction. A thorough history, review of medications, and physical examination are essential to sort out the etiology of AKI. Assessment of the patient’s volume status is crucial. Initial laboratory work-up includes blood testing and evaluation of urinalysis and urine sediment. A renal ultrasound is indicated in patients with AKI and suspicion for urinary obstruction. Treatment of AKI is directed toward correcting the underlying etiology and providing supportive measures. Careful monitoring should be undertaken for indications that would prompt initiation of dialysis, such as refractory electrolyte and acid base disturbances, refractory volume overload, uremic encephalopathy, and uremic pericarditis.
Problems in the Treatment of VIP Clients

There may be an identifiable pattern of staff response when a client and his family are seen as differing significantly from the usual population of an agency
Revising the Faculty Manual: The Client Project in Your Backyard

This client project is a culminating assignment in an upper-level professional writing course designed to help students understand the nature of audience-based writing in an unfamiliar writing context. The specific task is for students to revise a substantial section of the university *Faculty Policies and Procedures Manual*. Students researched their audience, analyzed samples of university manuals at other higher education institutions, exercised document design strategies, and practiced syntax revision during the project, ultimately presenting a sample of their work to faculty for feedback. Employing design workshop strategies, this assignment requires students to interview faculty in order to understand multiple users' experiences of the university Faculty Policies and Procedures Manual . In addition, an essential component for student learning in this course is reflection. This reflection is centered on the rhetorical situation of using and revising genres (Devitt, 2009) in the context of a professional environment (Clark, 2005; Kain & Wardle, 2005) in order that students avoid perceiving the class as a march through memos, reports, and emails as static formats (Miller, 1984). This project engages students independently, as they are responsible for their own revisions of 30 pages, while class time is used collaboratively on learning new ways of viewing the document's potential and the genre's function.
Knockdown of Mns1 Increases Susceptibility to Craniofacial Defects Following Gastrulation-Stage Alcohol Exposure in Mice.

Background MNS1 (meiosis-specific nuclear structural protein 1) is necessary for motile cilia function, such as sperm flagella or those found in the embryonic primitive node. While little is known regarding the function or expression pattern of MNS1 in the embryo, co-immunoprecipitation experiments in sperm have determined that MNS1 interacts with ciliary proteins, which are also important during development. Establishment of morphogenic gradients is dependent on normal ciliary motion in the primitive node beginning during gastrulation (gestational day [GD] 7 in the mouse, second-third week of pregnancy in humans), a critical window for face, eye, and brain development and particularly susceptible to perturbations of developmental signals. The current study investigates the role of Mns1 in craniofacial defects associated with gastrulation-stage alcohol exposure. Methods On GD7, pregnant Mns1+/- dams were administered 2 doses of ethanol (5.8 g/kg total) or vehicle 4 hours apart to target gastrulation. On GD17, fetuses were examined for ocular defects by scoring each eye on a scale from 1 to 7 (1 = normal, 2 to 7 = defects escalating in severity). Craniofacial and brain abnormalities were also assessed. Results Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) significantly increased the rate of defects in wild-type fetuses, as PAE fetuses had an incidence rate of 41.18% compared to a 10% incidence rate in controls. Furthermore, PAE interacted with genotype to significantly increase the defect rate and severity in Mns1+/- (64.29%) and Mns1-/- mice (92.31%). PAE Mns1-/- fetuses with severe eye defects also presented with craniofacial dysmorphologies characteristic of fetal alcohol syndrome and midline tissue loss in the brain, palate, and nasal septum. Conclusions These data demonstrate that a partial or complete knockdown of Mns1 interacts with PAE to increase the susceptibility to ocular defects and correlating craniofacial and brain anomalies, likely though interaction of alcohol with motile cilia function. These results further our understanding of genetic risk factors that may underlie susceptibility to teratogenic exposures.
Evaluation of protein separations based on hydrophobic interaction chromatography using polyethylene terephthalate capillary-channeled polymer (C-CP) fiber phases.

Abstract Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (polyester, PET) capillary-channeled polymer fibers are used as the stationary phase for the separation of a synthetic protein mixtures composed of cytochrome c, myoglobin, ribonuclease A, lysozyme, α-chymotrypsinogen A, α-chymotrypsin and holo-transferrin. Polyester is a useful phase for HIC, having a mixed alkyl and aromatic backbone to yield mildly hydrophobic properties, an aromatic functionality allowing for π-π interactions, and carboxylate end groups adding hydrophilicity. In addition, the lack of extraneous hydrophobic ligands or charged surface species alleviates secondary interactions between proteins and common support phases. Breakthrough experiments with lysozyme solution were operated at various loading flow rates (0.1–0.5 mL min−1) and protein concentrations (0.025–1.0 mg mL−1). Dynamic binding capacity (DBC) was plotted and results fit to two isotherm models: Langmuir and Freundlich. Column stability and reproducibility were tested via 10 continuous lysozyme load/elution cycles. Organic solvents, acetonitrile and isopropanol, were tested with proportions ranging from 0 to 40% in the elution buffer, aiding protein elution, with the best separation efficiency employing ∼15–20% organic modifier. Resolution was evaluated at solvent pH values between 5 and 7.5, flow rates ranging from 0.2 to 0.6 mL min−18−1) and at gradient slopes between 5 and 16.7% B min−1. Optimum resolution and fast analysis times were achieved employing a steep gradient using high linear velocities. Finally, a comparison of separation efficiency between a commercial HIC phase (TSKgel Phenyl-5 P W) and the PET fiber column is presented for a standard, six protein mixture, using optimal operation conditions for each column type.