cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Culture of Enzymatically Dispersed Anterior Pituitary Cells: Functional Validation of a Method

A method for preparing short—term enzymatically dispersed pituitary cell cultures is described. It has been used to assay hypothalamic releasing factors. The cells secrete TSH or LH and FSH in amounts directly related to the dose of TRF or LRF respectively. The minimal active doses of synthetic TRF and either synthetic or highly purified ovine LRF is ca. 10-10M. Apparent affinity constants for TRF or LRF receptors are ca. 10-9M. Enhanced secretion rates of TSH or LH of 8– to 20–fold in response to maximal levels of TRF or LRF are routinely observed. The sensitivity of the cultured cells to TRF and LRF is maintained for more than 2 weeks in culture although the magnitude of the secretory response and the intracellular hormone content declines with time in culture. Chronic administration of TRF or LRF depletes the intracellular hormone levels while simultaneously increasing the total TSH or LH content in the culture (tissue and fluid). As has been observed with other in vitro systems, high medium potassium,...
Strong Association of the Y402H Variant in Complement Factor H at 1q32 with Susceptibility to Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Using a large sample of cases and controls from a single center, we show that a T→C substitution in exon 9 (Y402H) of the complement factor H gene is strongly associated with susceptibility to age-related macular degeneration, the most common cause of blindness in the elderly. Frequency of the C allele was 0.61 in cases, versus 0.34 in age-matched controls ( P −24 ). Genotype frequencies also differ markedly between cases and controls (χ 2 =112.68 [2 degrees of freedom]; P −24 ). A multiplicative model fits the data well, and we estimate the population frequency of the high-risk C allele to be 0.39 (95% confidence interval 0.36–0.42) and the genotype relative risk to be 2.44 (95% confidence interval 2.08–2.83) for TC heterozygotes and 5.93 (95% confidence interval 4.33–8.02) for CC homozygotes.
Effect of diltiazem on ischemic myocardial depolarization and extracellular K+ accumulation

Abstract Diltiazem retards ischemic arrhythmias and reduces cellular depolarization, as inferred from recordings of T-Q segment depression (ΔT-Q). To explore this further, we correlated ΔT-Q with the extracellular K + electrode potential (ΔE K ) during serial ischemic trials. ΔT-Q and ΔE K were uniform in control trials, but decreased markedly in trials that immediately followed diltiazem infusion (0.5 mg/kg). ΔE K at 2 min of ischemia was reduced from 11.8 ± 1.3 to 7.4 ± 1.2 mV; while ΔT-Q was reduced from 7.2 ± 0.5 to 4.4 ± 0.7 mV. The effect of diltiazem on ischemic depolarization is largely, but not entirely explained by reduction of ΔE K .
Generic crack patterns in rubber-modified polymers under biaxial stress states

The damage mechanisms in three different systems, namely, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, methacrylate-butadiene-styrene modified poly(vinyl chloride), and styrene-butadiene-styrene have been investigated. The damage was analyzed over a range of biaxial stress states with confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The macroscopic yield followed a linear behavior for all the systems in an octahedral shear stress versus mean stress plot, whereas popular models for this class of materials predicted a nonlinear response. Over a certain range of biaxial stress states, a damage pattern generic to all the systems was observed. The damage pattern consisted of an array of cracks propagating perpendicular to the direction of the maximum tensile principal stress and arranged itself in a more or less periodic fashion. There was also self-similarity in the patterns at various length scales. Similar patterns have also occurred in several other polymeric systems. The interaction in the ensemble of cracks created seems to lead to stress reduction at the crack tips, thereby limiting the crack sizes. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 2248–2256, 2003
Surgical Considerations in the Treatment of Gastric Cancer

Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies in the world and is a leading cause of cancer death. Surgical treatment remains the best treatment option for potential cure and can be beneficial in the palliation of advanced disease. Several neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimens have been recently evaluated as potential adjuncts to surgery. This review describes the current role of surgical therapy in staging, resection, and palliation of gastric cancer.
Reactions between aliphatic amines and [60]fullerene : a review

Abstract A review of [60]fullerene–aliphatic amine chemistry is presented. While a detailed understanding of the chemistry between [60]fullerene and aliphatic amines was slow to develop, steady progress on both synthetic and mechanistic fronts now enables the fullerene chemist to prepare a variety of well-defined aminated [60]fullerene structures in good to excellent yield. To cite this article: G.P. Miller, C. R. Chimie 9 (2006) .
Immunomodulation in perioperative medicine.

ISSN 1758-1869 10.2217/PMT.11.5 © 2011 Future Medicine Ltd Pain Manage. (2011) 1(2), 103–106 Although the basic outline of the biology underlying the multiphasic mammalian wound response is well known [1], we do not know how to design interventions that reduce incisional pain and accelerate wound healing in the perioperative period, which would improve surgical outcome consider­ ably [2]. The complexity of the wound heal­ ing response has made it difficult to iden­ tify the pathways and mediators to target for therapeutic intervention. For example, the level of expression of over 1000 genes is significantly altered within the very narrow margins around the wound edge shortly after wounding [3]. Furthermore, differ­ ent experimental approaches for studying wound biology have produced conflicting results. Although it is believed that macro­ phages and mast cells produce cytokines and growth factors that are essential for wound healing [4], gene knockout mice that are essentially devoid of mast cells [5], or macro phages and neutrophils [6], have normal wound healing. Similarly, delays in several wound healing parameters were noted in mice with a gene knockout of a par­ ticular chemokine [7] or its corresponding receptor [8]; yet wound­healing para meters were not altered in experiments where this chemokine was directly introduced into incisional wounds [9]. Different experi­ mental systems have supported completely divergent therapeutic approaches.
Misclassification probabilities for quadratic discriminant function

An approximate method of computing the misclassification probabilities for quadratic discriminant functions (QDF) with known covariance matrices is suggested in this paper. Large scale simulation from empirical distribution of experimental data is used to test the effectivenessof the approximation and compare its performance against an existing method. It is shown that thisapproximation method performs well for multivariate normal distributions of dimension 2, 3. 4, 5,7, and 10. Exact expressions for computing these probabilities for univariate quadratic discriminant function are provided.
Solubilities of Gases in the Ionic Liquid 1-n-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide

Solubility data of carbon dioxide, propane, propene, butane, and 1-butene in the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([bmim][Tf2N]) are presented as a function of pressure at temperatures between 280 K and 340 K. The equilibrium pressure at a given temperature and the amount of gas dissolved into the ionic liquid phase were measured with an experimental technique based on a saturation method at constant volume by use of an apparatus equipped with a cylindrical equilibrium view cell. All measured solubilities were between 0.1 and 0.5 mole fraction gas in ionic liquid. 1-Butene had the highest solubility, followed by butane, propene, and then propane. Carbon dioxide and propane are similarly the least soluble in the [bmim][Tf2N]. Alkene gases were more soluble than alkane gases. From the experimental solubility data, the Henry's constants of each gas in the ionic liquid were estimated as a function of temperature.
Purification of cell wall peptidoglycan of the dimorphic bacterium Caulobacter crescentus.

Abstract Cell ghosts of the dimorphic bacterium, Caulobacter crescentus CB2, have been prepared. Ghosts of the swarmer and stalked cells retain the individual morphology of the vegetative cells. The only sugars present in the ghosts are those characteristic of peptidoglycan, i.e., N -acetylmuramic acid and N -acetylglucosamine. Quantitation of the molar ratios of the principle amino acids present in the ghosts demonstrates that whereas the stalked cell contains glutamic acid, alanine, and diaminopimelic acid in a ratio (1:1.7:0.94) similar to the peptidoglycan composition of other Gram-negative bacteria, the swarmer cell peptidoglycan lacks diaminopimelic acid and contains only one-half the amount of alanine compared to stalked cell peptidoglycan. Molar ratios of these same amino acids in the predivisional cell are intermediate to those found in the swarmer and stalked cells.
THINKING ABOUT WAGES: The Gendered Wage Gap in Swedish Banks

The gender-based wage gap in Swedish banks began to increase in 1983 after many years of decline. The growth in the gap between the wages of nonmanagerial women and men employees was particularly high. This article asks, How did this happen? Wage setting, part of the processes of control in capitalist economies, is accomplished through concrete practices under specific historical conditions. The author studied these practices and conditions to understand the increasing wage gap. Through interviews and examination of union and management documents, the author constructs an account of a wage-setting process that, in spite of a strong union and centralized bargaining, allows management to make discretionary wage decisions that favor raises for men over raises for women. Since 1983, competition and deregulation in the banking sector as well as union strategies have created conditions in which an increasing proportion of annual wage increases have been distributed on a discretionary basis. This has led to an i...
Air quality model evaluation data for organics. 3. Peroxyacetyl nitrate and peroxypropionyl nitrate in Los Angeles air

Ambient levels of peroxyacetyl nitrate [PAN, CH3C(O)OONO2] and peroxypropionyl nitrate [PPN, CH3CH2C(O)OONO2] have been measured during the 2-week period Aug 28−Sept 13, 1993, at four locations in the urban Los Angeles area. Highest concentrations recorded were 9.9 ppb for PAN and 1.5 ppb for PPN. Diurnal and spatial variations were consistent with photochemical production during eastward (inland) transport. Results for PAN are compared to those obtained in previous studies of ambient PAN in the urban Los Angeles area. Results for PPN, measured for the first time in the urban Los Angeles area, are compared to those recently obtained at southern California mountain sites and other locations. Ambient levels of PPN were correlated with those of PAN, with least squares linear regressions slopes (PPN vs PAN) of 0.153 ± 0.030 (Long Beach), 0.136 ± 0.026 (Los Angeles), 0.166 ± 0.018 (Azusa), and 0.097 ± 0.014 (Claremont). These ratios are compared to those measured previously at other locations and are briefly d...
Asparagine and Glutamine Metabolism in Chicks

In a series of four experiments, asparaginase and glutaminase activity was measured in liver and kidney tissue of 7- to 19-day-old male broiler chicks. In Experiment 1, chicks were fed purified amino acid diets with 14.8 and 44.6% protein equivalents (PE) with 1, 3, or 5% added sodium bicarbonate. In Experiments 2, 3, and 4 the chicks were fed a 23% protein basal control diet, basal diet containing 5% ammonium chloride, and basal diet containing 5% ammonium chloride with 5 or 10% sodium bicarbonate, asparagine, or glutamine. In Experiments 2 and 4 the chicks were also fed 25, 50, or 75% protein-isolated soy-purified diets. The 44.6% PE diet increased liver and kidney asparaginase activity in chicks as compared to chicks fed a 14.8% PE diet. The addition of sodium bicarbonate to the 44.6% PE amino acid diet decreased the kidney asparaginase activity equivalent to kidney asparaginase activity of chicks fed the 14.8% PE diet. Asparaginase activity increased 4-fold in the kidneys of chicks fed the 23% protein basal diet containing 5% ammonium chloride and the pH of the urine from the chicks was 4.9. Chicks fed basal diets with 5% ammonium chloride plus 10% sodium bicarbonate or asparagine had the same kidney asparaginase activity and urine pH as chicks fed the 23% protein basal control diet. Glutamine added to chick diets containing 5% ammonium chloride did not decrease the kidney asparaginase activity or the urine acidity. Liver asparaginase activity was not increased in acidotic chicks fed diets with 5% ammonium chloride. The asparaginase activity of liver and kidney tissue were both significantly increased in chicks fed 75% protein-isolated soy purified diets and the pH of their urine was 5.6. The increase in liver asparaginase of chicks fed 75% protein or 44.5% PE diets was probably due to an endocrine gluconeogenic response producing increased catabolism of the majority of amino acids. The increase in kidney asparaginase of chicks fed 75% protein, 44.5% PE diets, and 23% protein basal diets with 5% ammonium chloride was primarily related to metabolic acidosis. Phosphate-dependent glutaminase (PDG) activity was localized in chick kidney mitochondria and was heat sensitive (55 C for 30 sec). The phosphate-independent glutaminase (PIG) activity was primarily localized in chick kidney mitochondria but was stable to a temperature of 55 C for 30 sec.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
DNA binding properties of the Arabidopsis floral development protein AINTEGUMENTA

The Arabidopsis protein AINTEGUMENTA (ANT) is a member of a plant-specific family of transcription factors (AP2/EREBP) that share either one or two copies of an approximately 70 amino acid region called the AP2 repeat. DNA binding activity has been demonstrated previously for members of this family containing a single AP2 repeat. Using an in vitro selection procedure, the DNA binding specificity of the two AP2 repeat containing protein ANT was found to be 5′-gCAC(A/G)N(A/T)TcCC(a/g)ANG(c/t)-3′. This consensus site is much longer than sites recognized by proteins containing a single AP2 repeat and neither AP2 repeat of ANT was alone capable of binding to the selected sequences, suggesting that both AP2 repeats make DNA contacts. ANT binds to these DNA sequences as a monomer but a higher order complex is also observed at high protein concentrations. The ANT consensus site shows some similarity to the C-repeat/DRE elements bound by proteins that contain a single AP2 repeat, and we find that ANT binds weakly to such sites. We propose a model in which each AP2 repeat of ANT contacts adjacent sites within the consensus sequence. Our results suggest that the AP2 repeat can be utilized in different ways for DNA binding.
Intraarticular morphine and bupivacaine reduces postoperative pain after rotator cuff repair.

Abstract Background and Objectives: To determine whether intraarticular injection of morphine, fentanyl, or sufentanil added to bupivacaine provided pain control after open rotator cuff repair. Methods: These data were collected as a prospective, randomized, blinded observer study. All patients received a standard interscalene anesthetic with 1.4% mepivacaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine. At the conclusion of surgery, they received an intraarticular injection after the shoulder capsule was closed. Patients were randomized into 4 groups. All received 20 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine: group 1, plain; group 2, with 1 mg of morphine added; group 3, with 50 μg of fentanyl added; and group 4, with 10 μg of sufentanil added. Pain scores in the postanesthesia care unit were evaluated at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 240 minutes and at 4-hour intervals postoperatively using a visual analogue scale. Breakthrough pain was managed with morphine, via patient controlled analgesia pump. Results: Thirty-nine patients were entered into the study. Pain scores at 2 hours and beyond were lowest in group 2. Total morphine utilization was significantly lower for the first 24 hours in group 2. Conclusions: Intraarticular injection of the shoulder with 0.25% bupivacaine and 1 mg morphine at the conclusion of surgery provided pain control and diminished morphine used in the first 24 hours after open rotator cuff repair. Fentanyl and sufentanil did not improve the analgesia over that achieved with bupivacaine alone. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2000;25:611-614.
Outcome Trends Post Discharge from Inpatient Rehabilitation to the Community

Purpose This study provides evidence of the outcome trends following inpatient rehabilitation services. Methods The methodology of this study design uses descriptive statistical analysis, paired t-tests, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) to examine multiple variables. This quantitative, non-experimental study describes the research population and the data collection instrument, the inpatient rehabilitation facility patient assessment instrument (IRF PAI), including the Functional Independence Measure (FIM). Findings Identified trends provide evidence that functional gains of the disabled population were maintained post discharge from an inpatient rehabilitation facility. Demographics, medical information, and discharge information were studied to describe relationships between the discharge information (discharge living setting, discharge with home health services, discharge to the person living with) and maintained functional performance. Conclusions This evidence provides essential information for healthcare providers, including nurses, policy makers, and governments regarding functional gains following inpatient rehabilitation, and community discharge trends of people receiving inpatient rehabilitation services. Clinical Relevance The evidence in this study supports that inpatient rehabilitation services should be provided to all persons with disabilities to increase functioning to the greatest level of independence possible. Further evidence-based knowledge regarding the proposed 75% Rule of the Prospective Payment System (PPS) is needed and required, affecting the access and delivery of rehabilitation services. All patients have a right to quality, cost-effective care without restrictions to certain populations to encourage return to community dwelling.
Single Hit Aetiology of Human Minor Congenital Malformations unassociated with Major Congenital Malformations

MINOR birth defects can be defined as anatomical variants which occur at low frequency in the normal population and, as distinguished from major malformations, have no clinical or cosmetic effects per se. Many syndromes associated with major defects such as the trisomies and rubella embryopathy also have a high incidence of minor malformations. Conversely, almost all minor defects which have been studied clinically are known to be more frequent in individuals with major malformations. The latter types of malformations have been shown to cluster in the sense that an individual with a major defect in one organ or system is more likely than an individual chosen at random to have a significant defect elsewhere1. But we have found that minor malformations in individuals without major malformations do not show such a tendency to cluster but rather are independent. Furthermore, our subsequent analysis of published data of other workers which bear on this problem supports this conclusion.
Synthesis of a [13CO2H]‐labelled bilirubin

Bis-[13CO2H]-mesobilirubin-XIIIα was synthesized in 11% overall yield in 10 steps from 99% enriched K13CN. The synthetic methods are adapted to a scale of a few grams to a few milligrams.
Phase plane of moving discrete breathers

We study anharmonic localization in a periodic five-atom chain with quadratic-quartic spring potential. We take advantage of reflection symmetries to eliminate the degeneracies of the harmonic chain and to find periodic orbits easily. We apply linear stability analysis to measure the frequency of phononlike disturbances in the presence of breathers, and to analyze the instabilities of breathers. We visualize the phase plane of breather motion directly, and develop a technique for exciting pinned and moving breathers. We observe long-lived breathers that move chaotically, and a global transition to chaos that prevents forming moving breathers at high energies.
The dissociation energy of ionic molecules; Selected oxides and fluorides: LiO, LiF, BeO, BeF, MgF, CaF and SrF

The dissociation energies, D0, of several oxides and fluorides have been computed using a technique that has been shown to yield very accurate D0 for ionic molecules. The theoretical values are LiO(3.84 eV), LiF(6.09). BeO(4.56). BeF(5.91), MgF(4.67). CaF(5.46), and SrF(5.50). These are in excellent agreement with experiment, except for LiO where our value is about 0.35 eV larger.
Sensory organization abilities during upright stance in late-onset Alzheimer's-type dementia.

Postural stability was compared between individuals with mild and moderate Alzheimer's dementia and healthy older adults, using the Sensory Organization Test. Interestingly, the moderate group performed more like the healthy group than the mild group. Significant differences (p ≤ .008) in postural stability were found between the mild group and both the healthy and moderate Alzheimer's groups when vestibular information was critical for stability. Additional differences were found between the healthy and mild groups when vision was inaccurate. These findings suggest a decreased visual dependence in the later stages of the illness, possibly due to the visual disturbances associated with disease progression.
Exercise and pregnancy outcome among urban, low-income, black women

Few studies have focused on the association between maternal exercise and outcomes of pregnancy among low-income, Black women. The analysis reported here examines the associations between exercise before and during pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes of preterm birth and low birth weight among a sample of urban, low-income, Black women. Women (N5922) were enrolled in this prospective cohort study during their first prenatal visit at five hospital-based prenatal clinics located in Baltimore City, Maryland, from 1993 to 1995. A questionnaire was used to ask women about their participation in strenuous and nonstrenuous exercise before and during pregnancy. Nearly two thirds of the women reported participating in exercise during pregnancy; most women participated in nonstrenuous exercise (56%). The risks of both low birth weight (12.2%) and preterm birth (13.7%) were not significantly different whether women reported exercising or not, either before or during pregnancy. For women who were considered high risk because of chronic diseases or previous poor pregnancy outcome, stratified analysis indicated no significant difference in preterm birth or low birth weight between those who exercised and those who did not. Our analysis failed to identify any association between exercise and pregnancy outcomes among low-income, urban, Black women.
A Conservation Tillage System for Profitable Cotton Production in the Central Texas High Plains

(…) A 45 mm increase in soil water storage with no-tillage increased dryland cotton yields 110 kg ha −1 . Although herbicide costs were $155.00 ha −1 greater with no-tillage, long-term annual profit with no-tillage increased $82.00 ha −1 over conventional tillage because of increased yield and lower machinery depreciation costs
Simultaneous stochastic inversion for geomagnetic main field and secular variation: 2. 1820–1980

With the aim of producing readable time-dependent maps of the geomagnetic field at the core-mantle boundary, the method of simultaneous stochastic inversion for the geomagnetic main field and secular variation, described by Bloxham (1987), was applied to survey data from the period 1820-1980 to yield two time-dependent geomagnetic-field models, one for the period 1900-1980 and the other for 1820-1900. Particular consideration was given to the effect of crustal fields on observations. It was found that the existing methods of accounting for these fields as sources of random noise are inadequate in two circumstances: (1) when sequences of measurements are made at one particular site, and (2) for measurements made at satellite altitude. The present model shows many of the features in the earth's magnetic field at the core-mantle boundary described by Bloxham and Gubbins (1985) and supports many of their earlier conclusions.
Development of secondary hyperparathyroidism and bone disease in diabetic rats with renal failure

The development of secondary hyperparathyroidism and bone disease in diabetic rats with renal failure. Renal osteodystrophy in diabetic patients on maintenance hemodialysis is characterized by a higher prevalence of low bone turnover and is associated with a relative deficiency of parathyroid hormone (PTH) as compared with non-diabetic hemodialysis patients. The goal of the study was to evaluate how diabetes affected the development of secondary hyperparathyroidism (2° HPT) and bone disease in azotemic rats. Three groups of 5/6 nephrectomized, pair-fed male Wistar rats maintained on a high phosphorus (1.2%) diet were studied: (1) the control group, non-diabetic azotemic rats (NDR); and two streptozotocin-induced diabetic azotemic groups, (2) poorly-controlled diabetic rats (PCDR) which received only enough NPH insulin to maintain the blood glucose between 300 and 400 mg/dl, and (3) well-controlled insulin-treated diabetic rats (IDR) which received a continuous insulin infusion for 14 days via a subcutaneously implanted miniosmotic pump. Serum calcium, phosphorus and creatinine levels were similar among the three groups. Blood glucose levels were greater in the PCDR group than the IDR and NDR groups (358 ± 11 vs. 83 ±9 and 87 ± 8 mg/dl, respectively; P 3 /µm 2 /day, P
Electrocardiographic changes in pericardial effusion.

Objective To investigate the association between ECG changes and the presence of pericardial effusion. Background The ECG changes associated with pericardial effusion described in textbooks are based only on small series of human cases and data from animals. These changes include low QRS voltage, electrical alternans, P wave changes, and T wave inversion. Methods All patients who had undergone 2 temporally separate echocardiographic and ECG examinations, with 1 echocardiographic examination indicating the presence and the other indicating the absence of pericardial effusion were identified (n = 46). These patients were age- and sex-matched to 46 patients without effusion (control subjects). Pericardial effusion was classified echocardiographically as small (n = 28), moderate (n = 13), and large (n = 5). The ECG variables were independently measured by two investigators blinded to effusion status. Results When 2 temporally separate ECGs for 46 patients were obtained in a repeated-measures fashion (1 obtained during the absence and the other during the presence of effusion; median time interval, 1.24 months), only the mean heart rate in patients with sinus rhythm (98 beats per minute increasing to 106 beats per minute) and the percentage of patients with QRS voltage of less than 0.5 mV (10 percent increasing to 22 percent) were associated with the development of effusion. A weak correlation (r=0.296) was noted between QRS voltage and effusion size. Electrical alternans occurred only in one of the five patients with a large effusion but in no others. In addition, when the ECGs indicating effusion from the 46 patients were compared with the ECGs from their age- and sex-matched control subjects, differences in heart rate (106 beats per minute vs 80 beats per minute, respectively) and small changes in QRS voltage were associated with effusion status. No ECG variable was sensitive for the detection of pericardial effusion. Conclusions In both repeated-measures and case-control comparisons, ECG findings are too few, subtle, insensitive, and nonspecific to be useful as indicators of the presence of pericardial effusion.
Simplified jet fuel reaction mechanism for lean burn combustion application

Successful modeling of combustion and emissions in gas turbine engine combustors requires an adequate description of the reaction mechanism. Detailed mechanisms contain a large number of chemical species participating simultaneously in many elementary kinetic steps. Current computational fluid dynamic models must include fuel vaporization, fuel-air mixing, chemical reactions, and complicated boundary geometries. A five-step Jet-A fuel mechanism which involves pyrolysis and subsequent oxidation of paraffin and aromatic compounds is presented. This mechanism is verified by comparing with Jet-A fuel ignition delay time experimental data, and species concentrations obtained from flametube experiments. This five-step mechanism appears to be better than the current one- and two-step mechanisms.
Reduction of the radioactive content of milk by a feeding procedure.

A METHOD for reducing the fall-out content of milk has been investigated. This is a preliminary report on the results obtained in a short-term study in this area. There are to-day commercially available ‘grass incubators’ which hydroponically germinate various grains to be used as a substitute for fresh pasturage. It is claimed that the product of these incubators fed to cattle on dry lot maintains the cows in a high production of superior-quality milk to an extent which makes the purchase of such incubators economically desirable. The increased use of these feeding systems in this area raised the question to us concerning the effect this substituted diet may have on the radioactive content of milk.
Morbidity with retroperitoneal procedures during endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair

Abstract Purpose Retroperitoneal iliac procedures can enable successful endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in patients who otherwise would not be anatomically eligible. The purpose of this study was to determine perioperative outcome with adjunctive retroperitoneal procedures compared with standard bilateral femoral exposure. Methods Between August 1997 and November 2002, 164 patients underwent elective endovascular AAA repair at a single university medical center. Anatomic, demographic, and early postoperative outcome data gathered prospectively were analyzed. Thirty-two patients (20%) underwent 38 separate adjunctive retroperitoneal procedures. Indications included small external iliac arteries (16 of 32 patients; 50%) and concomitant iliac aneurysm that precluded fixation of the endograft limbs in the common iliac arteries (16 of 32 patients; 50%). The 38 procedures consisted of 8 iliac conduits only, 14 iliac conduits with iliofemoral bypass grafts, and 16 hypogastric revascularization procedures. Data for the study patients were compared with data for 132 patients who underwent endovascular AAA repair through femoral incisions. Primary end points were hospital length of stay, and early morbidity and mortality. Results Retroperitoneal procedures enabled an additional 14% of patients with AAA to undergo endovascular techniques. However, there was a significantly higher proportion of women and patients at high risk for anesthesia (American Society of Anesthesiologists class IV or higher) in the group who underwent retroperitoneal procedures. On average, retroperitoneal procedures were associated with 2.6-fold greater blood loss, 82% longer procedure time, 1.5 days additional hospital stay, and 1.8-fold higher rate of perioperative complications, compared with endovascular AAA repair with femoral exposure alone. In contrast, early mortality was similar in the two groups. Conclusion Adjunctive retroperitoneal procedures during endovascular AAA repair are associated with increased risk for complications and longer hospital length of stay, compared with AAA repair with standard femoral exposure only. They do not, however, increase early mortality, even in patients at high risk, and enable a larger subset of patients with AAA to undergo endovascular repair.
Evidence from chlorin nitrogen isotopes for alternating nutrient regimes in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea

Abstract Nitrogen isotopes of chlorins, degradation products of chlorophyll, reflect the isotopic composition of nutrient N utilized by marine phytoplankton communities. Here we show that in sediments of the eastern Mediterranean Pleistocene and Holocene, values of δ15N for chlorins and total nitrogen vary in concert, with a consistent offset of ∼ 5‰ reflecting the fractionation imparted during chlorophyll biosynthesis. Samples from the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Sites 964 and 969 were analyzed at a sampling resolution of ∼ 4–10 cm, clustered around sapropel events 2, 3, 4 and 5 (∼ 100–170 ka). In low organic content sediments, chlorin values of ∼ 0‰ coincident with total nitrogen values of ∼+ 5‰ indicate that the latter reflects the original biomass and is not a consequence of diagenetic isotope enrichment. In sapropel horizons, the chlorin and total nitrogen values are 5‰ more negative (∼−5‰ and ∼ 0‰, respectively), resembling previously-reported, modern-day water-column particulates (∼ 0‰). We suggest that nutrient conditions in the Eastern Mediterranean correspond to three scenarios and that the similarity between sapropel and modern-day bulk δ15N is coincidental. Organic-poor marl sediments formed under oligotrophic conditions where surface productivity resulted from upwelling of Atlantic-sourced nitrate. Sapropels were characterized by enhanced diazotrophy that was likely fueled by increased riverine P fluxes to surface waters. Present-day conditions are dominated by anthropogenic N sources. These scenarios agree with a model of sapropel formation in which stratification caused by increased fresh-water inputs led to N fixation due to P:N nutrient imbalance. Enhanced production combined with stratification promoted and maintained anoxic deep waters, consequently increasing organic matter preservation. Such a model may be relevant to interpreting other episodes of intense organic matter deposition in past oceans.
Visibility and its dynamics in a PDE based implicit framework

We investigate the problem of determining visible regions given a set of (moving) obstacles and a (moving) vantage point. Our approach to this problem is through an implicit framework, where the obstacles are represented by a level set function. The visibility problem is formally formulated as a boundary value problem (BVP) of a first order partial differential equation. It is based on the continuation of values along the given ray field. We propose a one-pass, multi-level algorithm for the construction of the solution on a grid. Furthermore, we study the dynamics of shadow boundaries on the surfaces of the obstacles when the vantage point moves along a given trajectory. In all of these situations, topological changes such as merging and breaking occur in the regions of interest. These are automatically handled by the level set framework proposed here. Finally, we obtain additional useful information through simple operations in the level set framework.
Using the PORS Problems to Examine Evolutionary Optimization of Multiscale Systems

Nearly all systems of practical interest are composed of parts assembled across multiple scales. For example, an agrodynamic system is composed of flora and fauna on one scale; soil types, slope, and water runoff on another scale; and management practice and yield on another scale. Or consider an advanced coal-fired power plant: combustion and pollutant formation occurs on one scale, the plant components on another scale, and the overall performance of the power system is measured on another. In spite of this, there are few practical tools for the optimization of multiscale systems. This paper examines multiscale optimization of systems composed of discrete elements using the plus-one-recall-store (PORS) problem as a test case or study problem for multiscale systems. From this study, it is found that by recognizing the constraints and patterns present in discrete multiscale systems, the solution time can be significantly reduced and much more complex problems can be optimized.
COHERENT STATES AND THE NUMBER-PHASE UNCERTAINTY RELATION,

Abstract : A number-phase uncertainty relation connecting the excitation number of an oscillator to the phase angle is formulated in terms of S and C operators. The new expression for the so-called coherent states is evaluated.
John Stuart Mill's Concept of Utility

I offer here an interpretation and defense of John Stuart Mill's qualitative hedonism. One of the results of Mill's well-known mental crisis was a concept of utility substantially different from the orthodox Benthamite quantitative hedonism which Mill came to regard as being fraught with difficulties. He saw Bentham's concept as being excessively narrow, and he sought to overcome its limitations by enlarging his own concept of utility. He did this by including the quality of pleasures along with the quantity in the estimation of their worth. At the same time, Mill was highly critical of the intuitionist ethical theories of his day, and propounded utilitarianism as the rational, objective, and scientific alternative. So if Mill is to succeed in his enterprise of countering intuitionism while avoiding the pitfalls of Benthamite utilitarianism, he must retain the objectivity of Benthamism while repudiating its narrowness. Mill's critics have argued that when he opened up his concept of utility to include quality, he modified his theory so radically that he can no longer be called a hedonistic utilitarian, and that he relinquished the consis- tency and objectivity of Benthamite utilitarianism along with its weak- nesses. I argue here that Mill abandons neither hedonism nor utilitarianism, and that the objectivity and consistency of his theory are not undermined.
Theory of the temperature-dependent cyclotron resonance lineshape of inversion-layer electrons

Abstract Unlike the electron-impurity interation, the electron-accoustic phonon interaction generates a temperature-dependent cyclotron resonance lineshape. The difference is due to the temperature-dependent phonon distribution and the quasi-inelastic nature of the electron phonon scattering. Calculations based on the proper connected diagram expansion are in qualitative agreement with experiments on inversion-layer electrons in Si in the temperature range 8–65 K.
The Takayama-Judge spatial equilibrium model with endogenous income

Abstract T. Takayama and G.G. Judge showed that total ‘quasi-welfare’ peaks at the point of solution of a partial equilibrium model for spatially separated markets. Income is assumed to be given and known. It has been suggested in the literature that the same extremal principle might be extended to solve a corresponding spatial model of general equilibrium, where income is determined endogenously as the market value of all primary resources (including labor). The exact nature of this generalization, however, has so far eluded description. The author suggests a slight redefinition of the concept of ‘quasi-welfare’, calculating it by integrating the indirect demand functions (which do not depend upon income) rather than the inverted direct demand functions calculated for some given level of income (which do). All prices and income at the point of general equilibrium are then determined endogenously.
Alkylation of a bioinspired high spin Ni(II)N 3 S 2 complex with bifunctional reagents

Crystal structures of two S-alkylated complexes generated from the reaction of iodoacetamide and iodoethanol with an air and moisture sensitive high spin Ni(II) pentacoordinate triaminodithiolate complex, 1 are determined by X-ray structure analysis. Crystals of complex 2, [NiC16H31N5O2S2]I2, are triclinic, sp. gr. \(P\bar 1\), Z = 2. Crystals of complex 3, [NiC16H28N3O2S2]I2, are monoclinic, sp. gr. P21/c, Z = 4. Structures of complexes 2 and 3 are very similar: one of the S-acetamide (2) or S-ethanol (3) groups coordinates to the Ni center through the oxygen atom forming N3S2O hexacoordination; the other group remains unbound to the Ni and left dangling. Crystal packing shows that complexes 2 and 3 interact with the iodide counterions, and that only complex 2 interact with neighboring molecules; some of these close intermolecular contacts include H-bonding interactions.
Changes in responsiveness of medial preoptic neurons to the microelectrophoresis of releasing hormones as a function of ovarian hormones

Abstract d -Ala6, des-Gly10-LRH ethylamide were generously provided by Drs. M. Gotz and R. Deghenghi of Ayerst Research Laboratories, Montreal, Canada.Thyrotropin-releasing hormone was supplied by Drs. J. Dorn and J. Weinstein and Mr. C. Flanagan of Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, Illinois, and Drs. Vale and Rivier of the Salk Institute at San Diego supplied the LRH analog peptides (1) d -Trp6, Pro9NHEt-LRH, agonist analog (LRH+), (2) d -Phe2, d -Trp2, d Trp6-LRH, antagonist analog (LRH-) and (3) des-Pro10-LRH inactive analog (LRH0).
Firearm injury prevention: failure of gun-safety education.

We read with interest the article by Himle et al,1 which evaluated 2 training methods to prevent gun play among children. Their study joins a series of other studies, several of which were cited in their article, that have demonstrated that gun-safety education among young children does not prevent children's subsequent handling of guns in naturalistic settings. Although their study findings seem clear, we are puzzled by the authors' conclusions, which seem inconsistent with their data. Unintentional firearm injuries are an extremely important cause of preventable death and disability. In 2001, >350 American children <10 years old received emergency treatment for unintentional firearm injuries, and at least 33 died.2 The first line of protection must be the safest, meaning, in this case, the physical separation of the gun from the child. Eliminating or reducing the hazard in the environment has been applied successfully to a variety of childhood injury types including pool drowning,3 childhood poisoning,4 and tap water burns.5 Could teaching children to not handle a gun and to tell an adult when they find one introduce greater risk? A concerning finding in the most recent study by Hardy6 …
A integrated analyzing method for the progress event based on subjects and predicates in events

Technologies for the expert to analyze accident reports deeply were mainly developed in field of the accident reports analysis, but cross-analysis, which is a technology to extract beneficial knowledge from multi-accident cases, is not enough establish. Therefore, the some industrial offices are collecting the near-miss reports and the accident reports (hereafter, risk reports) but these are not used effectively for safety. The improved cross-analysis expected to able to grasp comprehensively factors which leads to safety on the industrial business place because the since these risk reports contain risk information of a whole of the industrial business place. So, this paper reports a proposed integration analysis method of the progress event based on risk reports. This method separates keywords of which are minimal unit word such as “subject” and “predicate” from the progress events described in reports, and links the relationship of same keywords such as subject and predicate (that link is defined as an integration in this paper). Thereby my method can realize the partial risk analysis and the occurrence frequency analysis and the identification of risk based on the progress routes and the passing frequency through these routes. The result applied our method to PEC-SAFER accident cases identified 8 hazardous factors which can be caused from tank again, and visualized the high frequent factors that the first factor was damage of tank 26% and the second factor was the corrosion 21%, and visualized the high risks that the first risk was the damage 3.3×10−2 and the second risk was the destroy 2.5×10−2.
A regional diabetes nutrition education program: its effect on knowledge and eating behavior.

The effect of a nutrition education program on knowledge and self-care behavior in a group of individuals with diabetes was evaluated. The nutrition education program was developed using outlines a...
The whistleblower's dilemma and the fairness–loyalty tradeoff

Abstract Whistleblowing – reporting another person's unethical behavior to a third party – often constitutes a conflict between competing moral concerns. Whistleblowing promotes justice and fairness but can also appear disloyal. Five studies demonstrate that a fairness–loyalty tradeoff predicts people's willingness to blow the whistle. Study 1 demonstrates that individual differences in valuing fairness over loyalty predict willingness to report unethical behavior. Studies 2a and 2b demonstrate that experimentally manipulating endorsement of fairness versus loyalty increases willingness to report unethical behavior. Study 3 demonstrates that people recall their decisions to report unethical behavior as driven by valuation of fairness, whereas people recall decisions not to report unethical behavior as driven by valuation of loyalty. Study 4 demonstrates that experimentally manipulating the endorsement of fairness versus loyalty increases whistleblowing in an online marketplace. These findings reveal the psychological determinants of whistleblowing and shed light on factors that encourage or discourage this practice.
ENGINEERING N-GLYCOSYLATION PATHWAYS IN THE BACULOVIRUS-INSECT CELL SYSTEM

The inability to produce eukaryotic glycoproteins with complex N-linked glycans is a major limitation of the baculovirus-insect cell expression system. Recent studies have demonstrated that metabolic engineering can be used to extend the glycoprotein processing capabilities of lepidopteran insect cells. This approach is being used to develop new baculovirus-insect cell expression systems that can produce more authentic recombinant glycoproteins and obtain new information on insect N-glycosylation pathways.
Preservation of viable human granulocytes at low temperatures in dimethyl sulfoxide.

Summary Leukocytes were sedimented from buffy coats. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was added to make final conceutrations of 10% and 15%. Aliquots were frozen in a Linde graded temperature apparatus to −195°C at a rate of 1°C per min in the critical area of 0° to −30°C. Phagocytosis was estimated from the ingestion of polystyrene granules after thawing in a 37°C water bath. The 10% and 15% DMSO concentrations were equal in their protective capacities. Mean phagocytic indices without dilution with plasma were 3% and 2.6% for 10% and 15% DMSO, respectively. After slow dilution with fresh plasma, the phagocytic indices increased to 20.3% and 22.3%, respectively. It is concluded that peripheral blood leukocytes can retain viability following preservation at low temperatures in DMSO.
Identification of multi-input multi-output systems by observability range space extraction

The observability range space extraction system identification technique, a time-domain technique for state-space model identification of linear multi-input multi-output systems, is discussed. It extracts the base vectors of the observability range space of a linear system from a semipositive definite data matrix and obtains a state-space model from these vectors. Input excitation conditions which are required by this technique to obtain a transfer function equivalent model are discussed. Identification errors due to measurement noises are analyzed, and the conditions for transfer-function equivalent identification in the presence of measurement noises are derived. Simulation results show that this technique is able to produce relatively accurate models in a colored noise environment and under low signal-to-noise-ratio conditions. >