cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of digitalis in compensated and decompensated patients with internal cardiac pacemakers

Abstract Nine elderly patients (average age of 77 years) with complete heart block who had internal fixed-rate cardiac pacemakers were studied in order to determine their response to ouabain in the resting and exercise states. Three patients were in clinical congestive heart failure, and all 3 manifested significant increases in resting and exercise cardiac indices after ouabain. None of the 6 patients who were not in clinical congestive heart failure had a significant increase in cardiac index after ouabain, and the exercise cardiac index was essentially the same before and after ouabain. In these elderly patients with complete heart block and fixed-rate internal pacemakers, digitalis appears to have improved cardiac function only in the presence of clinical congestive heart failure.
Amplification of fluctuations in a spinor Bose-Einstein condensate

Dynamical instabilities in a $^{87}\text{R}\text{b}$ $F=1$ spinor Bose-Einstein condensate are used as a parametric amplifier of quantum spin fluctuations. We demonstrate the spectrum of this amplifier to be tunable, in quantitative agreement with theory. We quantify the microscopic spin fluctuations of the initially paramagnetic condensate by applying this amplifier and measuring the resulting macroscopic magnetization. The variance of these fluctuations agrees with predictions of a beyond-mean-field theory. This spin amplifier is thus shown to be nearly quantum limited at a gain as high as 30 dB.
Site-specific dynamic nuclear polarization of hydration water as a generally applicable approach to monitor protein aggregation.

We present a generally applicable approach for monitoring protein aggregation by detecting changes in surface hydration water dynamics and the changes in solvent accessibility of specific protein sites, as protein aggregation proceeds in solution state. This is made possible through the Overhauser dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) of water interacting with stable nitroxide spin labels tethered to specific proteins sites. This effect is highly localized due to the magnetic dipolar nature of the electron–proton spin interaction, with >80% of their interaction occurring within 5 A between the unpaired electron of the spin label and the proton of water. We showcase our tool on the aggregation of tau proteins, whose fibrillization is linked to neurodegenerative disease pathologies known as taupathies. We demonstrate that the DNP approach to monitor local changes in hydration dynamics with residue specificity and local contrast can distinguish specific and neat protein–protein packing leading to fibers from non-specific protein agglomeration or precipitation. The ability to monitor tau assembly with local, residue-specific, resolution, under ambient conditions and in solution state will help unravel the mechanism and structural characteristics of the gradual process of tau aggregation into amyloid fibers, which remains unclear to this day.
Heat transfer through the unsteady laminar boundary layer on a semi-infinite flat plate Part II: Experimental results from an oscillating plate

Abstract An externally heated ceramic flat plate, instrumented on both surfaces with short time response platinum film resistance thermometers, was used to compare the amplitude of the additional unsteady heat transfer rate, δqw during oscillation in its own plane in a steady parallel air stream, of velocity U∞, with the corresponding steady state heat transfer rate, qws, without oscillation. The plate oscillation frequency, f, was varied between 1 and 60 Hz, the corresponding range of the Strouhal number, S = ωx U∞ (ω = 2πf, x is the distance from the leading edge) being 0.006–20, and that of the velocity ratio, ϵ = u pmax U∞ (upmax is the maximum plate velocity) being 0.005–6.5. Amplification of periodic electrical signals corresponding to temperature amplitudes in the range 0.003–0.04°F showed that the qualitative trends of several existing theories for the behavior and phase shift (with respect to upmax) of H ϵ (where H = δ w q ws ) for both small and large S, were substantiated by the experiment. H ϵ was essentially constant and in phase for S 1.5, H ϵ ∝ 1 S with the phase lag progressively approaching 90°. In addition, for a limited number of tests, no change in steady state heat transfer rate was detectable up to a value of S = 2.
The jury is still out: changes in gastroschisis management over the last decade are associated with both benefits and shortcomings

Abstract Purpose Management of gastroschisis has shifted from early primary closure to preformed silo placement and delayed closure. We aimed to identify how closure techniques have changed and how outcomes have been affected. Methods Records of patients undergoing gastroschisis closure at a single institution from 2000 to 2009 were reviewed. Patient characteristics and outcomes were collected and compared among those undergoing primary closure vs preformed silo placement. Outcomes were also compared in an era when primary closure predominated (2000-2002) vs one when primary silo predominated (2003-2009). Results From 2000 to 2009, 203 patients underwent gastroschisis closure. Primary closure was performed in 50% of patients from 2000 to 2002 vs 12.3% from 2003 to 2009. Preformed silos were placed in 34.7% of patients from 2000 to 2002 vs 84.4% from 2003 to 2009. Patients treated from 2000 to 2002 experienced shorter hospital stays and shorter time to achievement of full enteral nutrition. Patients treated from 2003 to 2009 developed fewer ventral hernias and wound infections and required less ventilator days. Patients undergoing early primary closure developed ventral hernias at higher rates compared with those treated with preformed silos. Intensive care unit stay was longer for patients receiving preformed silos. Conclusion Change in our management strategy has resulted in prolonged intensive care unit stay and time to full feeds but reduced postoperative hernias and wound infections.
Investigation of the Potts Model Using Renormalization-Group Techniques

We report the numerical study, using Wilson's $\ensuremath{\eta}=0$ approximate renormalization-group recursion formula, of a continuous-spin generalization of the three-component Potts model. Previous numerical studies, based on series expansions of the partition function, have indicated strongly that the model has a phase transition of second order. This is in conflict with Landau theory which predicts that the transition be of first order. We find, in agreement with Landau theory, that our model exhibits a first-order phase transition having finite zero-field spontaneous magnetization at the transition point.
Zn-doping in OMVPE grown InP:Zn/InGaAs/InP p-i-n double heterojunctions with InGaAs:Zn contacting layers

We report on the control of zinc in organometallic vapor phase epitaxial (OMVPE) grown InP:Zn/InGaAs/InPp- i- n double heterojunctions with InGaAs:Zn contacting layers. As a function of diethylzinc (DEZn) flow, we measure net acceptor concentrations for the InP:Zn p-layer in the range 2 × 1017≤N a−N d≤ 9 × 1017 cm−3. A 435°C post-growth anneal for 300 sec increases the net acceptor concentrations by a factor of 3.6 − to 6 × 1017≤N a−N d≤ 3 × 1018 cm−3. When the annealed value ofN a − Ndin the InP:Zn layer is 6 × 1017 cm−3 , secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) measurements show abrupt Zn-doping transitions at the heterojunction interfaces. In contrast, when the annealed value ofN a − Ndin the InP:Zn layer is near the saturation value of 3 × 1018 cm−3, SIMS measurements show significant movement of Zn into the nominally undoped InGaAs instrinsic layer. Increasedp-i-n diode capacitance is associated with the Zn movement.
Structure activity relationships of human galactokinase inhibitors

Classic Galactosemia is a rare inborn error of metabolism that is caused by deficiency of galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALT), an enzyme within the Leloir pathway that is responsible for the conversion of galactose-1-phosphate (gal-1-p) and UDP-glucose to glucose-1-phosphate and UDP-galactose. This deficiency results in elevated intracellular concentrations of its substrate, gal-1-p, and this increased concentration is believed to be the major pathogenic mechanism in Classic Galactosemia. Galactokinase (GALK) is an upstream enzyme of GALT in the Leloir pathway and is responsible for conversion of galactose and ATP to gal-1-p and ADP. Therefore, it was hypothesized that the identification of a small-molecule inhibitor of human GALK would act to prevent the accumulation of gal-1-p and offer a novel entry therapy for this disorder. Herein we describe a quantitative high-throughput screening campaign that identified a single chemotype that was optimized and validated as a GALK inhibitor.
IL-12 Prevents Tolerance Induction with Mouse Thyroglobulin by Priming Pathogenic T Cells in Experimental Autoimmune Thyroiditis: Role of IFN-γ and the Costimulatory Molecules CD40L and CD28

Abstract Deaggregated mouse thyroglobulin (dMTg) induces tolerance to experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT), a Th1-cell-mediated disease. To test whether IL-12, a potent activator of Th1 cells, can overcome tolerance induction, different doses of IL-12 were given to CBA/J mice during the critical interval of 2–3 days after dMTg administration. After challenge with MTg/LPS, dMTg/IL-12-pretreated mice showed more extensive thyroiditis than immunized controls, but comparable levels of anti-MTg and T cell proliferation. Without challenge, few MTg antibodies were produced. In contrast, pretreatment with dMTg/poly A:U or dMTg/IL-1, two other T cell activators which also interfere with tolerance induction, induced antibodies before challenge, but not more severe thyroiditis. Mice pretreated with IL-12 without dMTg developed thyroiditis comparable to immunized controls, but less severe thyroiditis than dMTg/IL-12-pretreated mice. Clearly, IL-12 not only blocked tolerance induction, but also primed antigen-specific T cells during the tolerogenic period of dMTg pretreatment, resulting in stronger thyroiditis than immunization only. Neither treatment with anti-IFN-γ nor the use of IFN-γ knockout mice altered the capacity of IL-12 to prevent tolerance induction. However, both anti-CD28 and anti-CD40L antibodies diminished the priming effect by dMTg/IL-12. The mechanisms of IL-12 action include priming of MTg-specific T cells and the involvement of T cell costimulatory molecules.
Computing the Moment of Inertia of a Solid Defined by a Triangle Mesh

This note presents a simple algorithm for computing the mass properties of a solid whose boundary is defined by a mesh of triangles. Its main contribution is a simplification of the formula for computing moment of inertia. Source code is available online at the website listed at the end of this paper.
Oxidative Stress Is Associated With XIAP and Smac/DIABLO Signaling Pathways in Mouse Brains After Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia

Background and Purpose— The interaction of X chromosome-linked inhibitor-of-apoptosis protein (XIAP) with second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase (Smac)/direct inhibitor-of-apoptosis protein-binding protein with low pI (DIABLO) contributes to regulation of apoptosis after a variety of cell death stimuli, and in our reported in vivo transient focal cerebral ischemia (tFCI) model. We have also reported that overexpression of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) reduces apoptotic cell death after tFCI. Our present study was designed to clarify the relationship between the XIAP signaling pathway and oxidative stress in the regulation of apoptosis after tFCI. Methods— We used a tFCI model of SOD1 transgenic mice and wild-type littermates to examine the expression of XIAP and Smac/DIABLO by Western blotting and the interaction of XIAP with Smac/DIABLO (XIAP/Smac) or caspase-9 (XIAP/caspase-9) by coimmunoprecipitation. The direct oxidation of carbonyl groups, an indication of oxidative injury to tota...
Painful Na-channelopathies: an expanding universe

The universe of painful Na-channelopathies--human disorders caused by mutations in voltage-gated sodium channels--has recently expanded in three dimensions. We now know that mutations of sodium channels cause not only rare genetic 'model disorders' such as inherited erythromelalgia and channelopathy-associated insensitivity to pain but also common painful neuropathies. We have learned that mutations of NaV1.8, as well as mutations of NaV1.7, can cause painful Na-channelopathies. Moreover, recent studies combining atomic level structural models and pharmacogenomics suggest that the goal of genomically guided pain therapy may not be unrealistic.
Discretization, decomposition, and supercomputers

Abstract This paper considers potential advantages of the decomposition method for computers.
Case report: the automatic message box as therapeutic aid.

Abstract The broad scope of this journal has always included an interest in prosthetic aids for the alleviation of communication disorders. Our recent focus on the field of biological psychiatry adds an intriguing new dimension to this interest. The following case report highlights the relative neglect of some of our most prosaic technology as a valid aspect of “prosthetics.”
Integrated monitoring and control in smart grid

In the current practice of power system monitoring and control, different devices are separately designed to perform different functions. Power systems measurement devices collect data and communicate it to a data concentrator for processing. Intelligent electronic devices (IED) are designed independently to perform different protection functions. Different providers of the IED use different communication protocols. The bulkiness, cost, and communication requirements of implementing the monitoring, control and protection functions independently can be avoided by designing a new generation of smart power devices that implement these functions inside a standalone single device. This paper discusses the design, development, and testing of a low cost integrated intelligent Phasor measurement unit (IIPMU) that integrates the functions of data acquisition, state estimation, and protection and control in the same stand alone device.
Kant and Nonconceptual Content

The informational states which a subject acquires through perception are non-conceptual, or non-conceptualized. Judgements based upon such states necessarily involve conceptualization: in moving from a perceptual experience to a judgement about the world (usually expressible in some verbal form), one will be exercising basic conceptual skills. But this formulation (in terms of moving from an experience to a judgement) must not be allowed to obscure the general picture. Although the judgments are based upon his experience (i.e. upon the unconceptualized information available to to him), his judgements are not about the informational state. The process of conceptualization or judgment takes the subject from his being in one kind of informational state (with a content of a certain kind, namely, non-conceptual content) to his being in another kind of cognitive state (with a content of a different kind, namely, conceptual content). (Evans 1982: 227)
Review essay: Gender and political messages

(1995). Review essay: Gender and political messages. Political Communication: Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 343-345.
Drug induced esophageal injury.

AbstractA 3-year-old child weighing 16 kg was given 1/2 of a Centrum Multivitamin tablet. He began choking and gagging and was taken to an emergency department. He was alert and speaking without difficulty but was drooling, gagging, coughing, and unable to swallow. He was transferred to a children's hospital where he continued to drool but had bilaterally clear and equal breath sounds and no stridor, cough, or wheeze. A lateral neck x-ray was negative. The following morning, esophagoscopy revealed tablet material identified as a granular paste at the level of the cricopharyngeus. A large amount of the paste was encountered at the crossing of the aorta where the mucosa was extremely erythematous and edematous. Smaller amounts of the paste were observed until a larger amount was found at the lower esophageal junction. The material was removed with NSS irrigation, suction, and optical peanut forceps. A significant circumferential burn was present. Repeat esophagoscopy 7 days postingestion showed mucosal edem...
The intuitive control of smart home and office environments

Along with the associated film, this paper presents an approach to individually controlling home and office fixtures such as lights, window blinds, cooling and ventilation units with an 'intuitive gesture-based controller' using a smart phone. The implementation of the gesture controls is based on the magnetometer, gyroscope and accelerometer built into the most recent smart phones. The user simply points to target objects and completes specific gestures. For example, pointing to the top of a window and completing a "down"-gesture is interpreted as a command to lower the blinds at the window. Pointing the device to a light fixture and doing an "up"-gesture raises the light levels. In combination with addressable fixtures and wireless infrastructures, this phone controller reveals how a wide variety of fixtures in a building can be intuitively controlled by pointing, using only a single button and gesturing.
Cardiopulmonary hemodynamics in systemic sclerosis and response to nifedipine and captopril

Abstract purpose: This prospective study was performed to evaluate the response of the cardiopulmonary vasculature to two vasodilators in patients with systemic sclerosis and either minimal or no central hemodynamic abnormalities. patients and methods: Twenty patients with systemic sclerosis, Raynaud's phenomenon (19 of 20 patients), and clinically normal cardiac function underwent right heart catheterization. Rest and exercise hemodynamic measurements, including cardiac output by thermodilution, were performed before and after oral administration of nifedipine 20 mg and captopril 25 mg. results: Half of the patients had normal hemodynamics (Group A); the other half (Group B) had abnormal baseline elevations in pulmonary vascular resistance and four of them showed "borderline" pulmonary arterial hypertension. Group A, with significantly shorter disease duration compared with Group B, responded poorly to nifedipine and captopril. However, Group B had significant decreases in pulmonary vascular resistance (from 148 ± 20 to normal levels of 94 ± 21 dynes·second·cm −5 ) and pulmonary mean pressure in response to nifedipine treatment but not to captopril. conclusion: These observations show a shortterm beneficial effect of nifedipine in the cardiopulmonary vasculature of patients with systemic sclerosis and suggest that a potentially reversible vasoconstrictive element is included in the vascular lesion of this disorder.
Encoding techniques for complex information structures in connectionist systems

Two general information encoding techniques called relative position encoding and pattern similarity association are presented. They are claimed to be a convenient basis for the connectionist implementation of complex, short term information processing of the sort needed in common sense reasoning, semantic/pragmatic interpretation of natural language utterances, and other types of high level cognitive processing. The relationships of the techniques to other connectionist information-structuring methods, and also to methods used in computers, are discussed in detail. The rich inter-relationships of these other connectionist and computer methods are also clarified. The particular, simple forms are discussed that the relative position encoding and pattern similarity association techniques take in the author's own connectionist system, called Conposit, in order to clarify some issues and to provide evidence that the techniques are indeed useful in practice.
Deep brain stimulation of the VIM thalamic nucleus modifies several features of essential tremor.

Background: Pharmacologic interventions (e.g., β blockers) and thalamic lesions have failed to alter the pathophysiology of essential tremor (ET) beyond a reduction in tremor amplitude. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the ventral intermediate (VIM) nucleus of the thalamus successfully reduces tremor rating scores. It is unknown how VIM DBS alters the pathophysiologic characteristics of ET. Objective: To determine the effects of VIM DBS on the neurophysiologic characteristics of ET. Methods: Hand tremor and EMG activity of forearm extensor and flexor muscles were recorded in six patients with ET ON-DBS and OFF-DBS and from six age- and sex-matched control subjects. Hand tremor was assessed across different inertial loads. The amplitude, frequency, regularity, and tremor–EMG coherence were analyzed. Results: VIM DBS reduced the amplitude, increased the frequency, decreased the regularity, and reduced the 1 to 8 Hz tremor–EMG coherence of ET. ON-DBS, patients with ET had greater tremor amplitude, lower frequency, more regularity, and greater tremor–EMG coherence compared to control subjects. Conclusions: Whereas pharmacologic and thalamic lesions have previously failed to change characteristics of ET beyond amplitude reduction, VIM DBS modified multiple features of ET. The changes in ET after VIM DBS provide strong evidence for clinical efficacy.
Is it safer to fly or drive

In attempts to soothe the nascent fear of the scheduled airline traveler, passengers waiting takeoff are sometimes reminded of the cliche that they may have already completed the most dangerous part of their trip -- the drive to the airport. The objective of this paper is to communicate under what conditions air travel is indeed safer than highway travel and vice versa. The conventional wisdom among risk communicators that air travel is so much safer than car travel arises from the most widely quoted death rates per billion miles for each -- 0.6 for air compared to 24 for road. There are three reasons why such an unqualified comparison of aggregated fatality rates is inappropriate. First, the airline rate is passenger fatalities per passenger mile, whereas the road rate is all fatalities (any occupants, pedestrians, etc.) per vehicle mile. Second, road travel that competes with air travel is on the rural interstate system, not on average roads. Third, driver and vehicle characteristics, and driver behavior, lead to car-driver risks that vary over a wide range. Expressions derived to compare risk for drivers with given characteristics to those on airline trips of given distance showed that 40-year-old, belted, alcohol-free drivers of cars 700 pounds heavier than average are slightly less likely to be killed in 600 miles of rural interstate driving than in airline trips of the same length. Compared to this driver, 18-year-old, unbelted, intoxicated, male drivers of cars 700 pounds lighter than average have a risk over 1000 times greater. Furthermore, it is shown that the cliche above is untrue for a group of drivers having the age distribution of airline passengers. Language: en
Optimal catalyst profiles for a two-step reaction sequence in a packed bed

Abstract Optimal catalyst profiles have been determined for a two-step reaction sequence, where each step is catalyzed by a separate substance, for two cases: one where the remaining amount of initial reactants is minimized, and the second where the concentration of final product is maximized. The effect of varying levels of intraparticle diffusion, initial reactant concentration, residence time, and catalyst loading was investigated. It was found that increasing conversion led to a greater duration of intermediate control, where both catalysts are present in proportions that varied with reactor length. At no point during intermediate control, however, did the catalyst for the initial reaction increase in concentration with increasing length.
Mentally retarded people: 200 years in America

(1976). Mentally retarded people: 200 years in America. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology: Vol. 5, A Retropective Look at Children, pp. 25-29.
Concentration of Purine Metabolites in Birth Asphyxia: Correlation with Cord Blood Acid Base Changes

Concentration of Purine Metabolites in Birth Asphyxia: Correlation with Cord Blood Acid Base Changes
Case study: collaborative creation of an on‐line degree program

Faculty collaboratively developed an on‐line Bachelor of Science degree in Consumer Science and Merchandising (CSM). Part‐time faculty and technical support services supported the four‐member team. Small grants assisted in the creation and redesign of all CSM major courses for on‐line delivery. Issues of appropriate learning strategies, student access, technical capabilities, curriculum design, resources, and assessment were addressed. The case illustrates the opportunities, challenges, and benefits college professors can face when developing an on‐line degree program.
On the (co)homology of the partition lattice and the free Lie algebra

Abstract We explore the well-known relationship between the representations of the symmetric group on the homology of the partition lattice and on the l n component of the free Lie algebra. We give two new combinatorial proofs of the sign twisted isomorphism between the two modules. One involves a bijection between bases and the other involves a bijection between generating sets which takes relations to relations.
Experimental evaluation of a multivariable adaptive nonlinear predictive controller

Abstract A new multivariable adaptive nonlinear predictive controller is designed using a general nonlinear input-output model and variable transformations. The controller is similar in form to typical linear predictive controllers can be tuned analogously or by specifying a single parameters for each controlled variable. In addition, the design procedure is computationally efficient. The new controller is compared to a multi-loop proportional-integral (PI) controller with one-way static decoupling and to an adaptive linear predictive controller through tests on a simulated nonlinear distillation column. The new controller performed well in an experimental application to a multicomponent distillation column.
Actinomycin D: Uptake by Sea Urchin Eggs and Embryos

Actinomycin D is excluded from unfertilized eggs and developing embryos of the sea urchin Arbacia punctulata until the blastula hatches. The rate of uptake of actinomycin D by embryos doubles as development progresses after hatching to the gastrula stage.
Regulation of Smad7 Promoter by Direct Association with Smad3 and Smad4.

Smad7 is a regulatory Smad protein that is able to antagonize signal transduction by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and activin receptors. To characterize the regulation of Smad7 at the transcriptional level, we isolated the promoter region of the mouse Smad7 gene. When the Smad7 promoter luciferase reporter gene (−408 and +112 bp) was expressed in human hepatoma (HepG2) cells, its transcriptional activity was increased following TGF-β or activin treatment. In addition, this region of the Smad7 promoter was stimulated by ectopic expression of Smad3 as well as constitutively active TGF-β and activin receptors, indicating that Smad7 transcription was modulated by the signaling downstream those two receptors. A gel mobility shift assay indicated that a DNA fragment spanning −408 to −126 base pairs (bp) was able to directly bind purified Smad4. Furthermore, a consensus Smad3-Smad4 binding element (SBE) was discovered in this region of the promoter with a palindromic sequence of GTCTAGAC. A 33-bp Smad7 promoter fragment containing this SBE was able to bind Smad3 and Smad4. In human embryonic kidney 293 cells, the expression of constitutively active TGF-β type I receptor was able to induce the formation of a Smad3- and Smad4-containing nuclear protein complex that bound the SBE. In HepG2 cells, TGF-β1 treatment could induce the formation of an endogenous SBE-binding complex. Taken together, these data provided the first evidence that Smad7 transcription is regulated by TGF-β and activin signaling through direct binding of Smad3 and Smad4 to the Smad7 promoter.
Trees and jumps and real roots

When the nodes of a tree are visited in depth-first order there are occasional jumps from a deeper level of the tree to a higher level. On the set of all full binary trees with a given number of nodes there is about 1 jump for every 2 internal nodes, and the average jump distance is about 2 levels. These averages are close to averages for trees that arise in polynomial real root isolation.
Pulse duration spectra and measurements for laser scanning microscope systems

Computer-controlled, repeatable ultra-short pulse lasers and a broad wavelength range autocorrelator have opened up practical spectral investigations of the group delay dispersion in laser scanning microscope systems. The laser output pulse duration was measured via intensity-based (two-photon absorption) autocorrelation and the laser spectral bandwidth was measured via spinning spectrometer. The separate measurements provided the ~0.39 timebandwidth product for two different Coherent ultra-short pulse lasers. The laser-scanning system pulse durations were measured at the sample plane with high numerical aperture objective lenses. The pulse broadening of ultra-short laser pulses through a laser-scanning multi-photon system has been characterised experimentally from 720nm to 950nm. The pulse spreading of individual laser-scanning system components was estimated from Gaussian pulse dispersion with data acquired using a standard, characterized objective lens and an external GaAs:P diode signal. The objective lens was found to produce the most pulse broadening, and most apochromatic objective lenses showed two-fold increases in the magnitude of dispersion values. All spectra of measured components followed the same shape and trend, as expected for normal dispersion. During this study, the average power incident on the Carpe autocorrelator was kept below ~50mW (130fs and 800nm), but this limitation has been removed in current versions of the autocorrelator. Dielectric broadband reflector mirrors introduce significant dispersion, which changes sign with wavelength; this can reduce or increase the system pulse spreading, but will certainly make component spectral measurements challenging.
Homonationalist Futurism: “Terrorism” and (Other) Queer Resistance to Empire

This article argues that queer theory is useful for political theory in thinking about US empire and theorizing modes of resistance to it. In particular, it is argued that the work of Lee Edelman and Jasbir Puar can be appropriated for political theory and, when combined together into a single political project, help illuminate the temporal and sexual contours of US empire, providing crucial resources for theorizing “terrorism” and understanding it as an act of political resistance.
The ipmPIPE: Overview, Lessons, Opportunities, and Challenges

The ipmPIPE (Integrated Pest Management Pest Information Platform for Extension and Education) was first developed as a response to the threat of soybean rust (SBR), caused by the pathogen Phakopsora pachyrhizi . Since that time the ipmPIPE portfolio has grown to include “PIPEs” for soybean aphid Aphis glycines Matsumura (now discontinued), legume diseases, cucurbit downy mildew caused by the pathogen Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Rostovzev, pecan nut casebearer Acrobasis nuxvorella Neunzig with pecan scab caused by Cladosporium caryigenum (Ellis & Langl.) (Gottwald forecasting in development), Southern corn rust caused by Puccinia polysora Underw., and onion pests. In addition, the Western Specialty Crops ipmPIPE, the North Central ipmPIPE, and the Pennsylvania PIPE each address multiple pest situations found within defined geographic boundaries and a PIPE is in development for ornamentals that will address multiple pathogens on multiple hosts. This report explains the general concept of the ipmPIPE approach and discusses common elements of most PIPEs. It provides a brief history of funding and development. Finally, it addresses crosscutting issues including suitability of this approach to different pest and crop combinations and sustainability.
Family Crisis Care: A Home-Based Intervention Program for Child Abuse

Community awareness of child abuse and neglect has greatly increased. The documentation of an upward trend in the number of reported and confirmed child abuse and neglect cases in Hawaii reflects the need for additional programs to respond to this growing concern. Clinical nurse specialists in psychiatric and mental health nursing have developed an intensive home-based crisis interaction and family education program, Family Crisis Care. The program accepts only families referred by Child Protective Services in which at least one child is in imminent danger of being placed in foster, group, or institutional care. The goal of Family Crisis is to prevent the out-of-home placement of children through intensive, in-home intervention and to teach families new problem-solving skills to prevent future crises. The program has been effective in maintaining the child within the home, reducing physical punishment and other problem factors in the family, improving communication and problem-solving skills, and increasing use of community resources.
Adolescent multilingual writers’ transitions across in- and out-of-school writing contexts

Abstract Within a social view of literacy, this paper reports a two-year ethnographic case study of an adolescent multilingual writer, with respect to her transitions across in-school (i.e., Creative Writing class) and out-of-school writing contexts. This study was aimed to address two specific gaps in the fields of second language (L2) writing and literacy studies, by examining one of the most underrepresented groups (i.e., adolescent multilingual writers) and by exploring possible relationships between her voluntary, non-academic writing outside school and her academic writing practices. Findings reveal that a research participant greatly drew upon her voluntary, out-of-school writing for her Creative Writing class; and at the same time, her in-school writing activities and assignments were mentioned in out-of-school writing practices. This shows that her writing activities across in- and out-of-school contexts were influenced by each other, especially with respect to topics, genres, and languages of writing practices. These findings give us a more comprehensive understanding of the nature of adolescent L2 writers’ composing practices and suggest a further examination of the relationships (both similarities and differences) between in- and out-of-school literacy learning and ways in which multilingual writers negotiate writing practices across varied writing contexts.
Triazinines: Synthesis and Proteolytic Decomposition of a New Class of Cyclic Triazenes

The reaction of 1-azido-3-chloropropane with various Grignard reagents and subsequent treatment with anhydrous isopropylamine results in the formation of the corresponding azimine. If the initial magnesium−triazene complex is first hydrolyzed with Dowex resin and then concentrated, the resultant linear triazene begins self-catalyzed cyclization to form the six-membered-ring triazenes as the major product, with HCl as the byproduct. Addition of an amine, at reduced temperature, allows for the neutralization of the byproduct, HCl, which would otherwise react with the linear triazene and the cyclic six-membered-ring triazene to form hydrolysis products. We have assigned the trivial name of triazinines to this new class of cyclic triazenes. The hydrolytic decomposition of these compounds in mixed acetonitrile−aqueous buffers predominantly forms 3-(alkylamino)-1-propanol and lesser amounts of the rearranged alcohol 1-(alkylamino)-2-propanol and N-alkyl-2-propenamine. The rate of hydrolysis of 1-alkyltriazinine...
Conflicting Logics, Mechanisms of Diffusion, and Multilevel Dynamics in Emerging Institutional Fields

We examine the evolution of a new population of organizations (state offices of dispute resolution) in an emerging institutional field, focusing on how actions at multiple levels interact recursively to enable multiple logics to diffuse. Logics became institutionalized as organizational practices within the field of alternative dispute resolution through four diffusion mechanisms: transformation, grafting, bridging, and exit. By describing the interplay among entrepreneurial efforts, strategic responses to resource dependencies, and mechanisms of institutionalization over 22 years, we identify the conditions that enabled multiple practices supported by conflicting logics, rather than a single, dominant organizational form, to be institutionalized.
Experimental demonstration of 4D imaging in two-phase flows based on computed tomography at 5 kHz

Turbulent flows inherently feature 3D spatial structures and temporal dynamics. As a result, 4D experimental techniques have been long desired to fully resolve turbulent flows in all three spatial directions and time. This work describes the demonstration of such 4D measurements in two-phase flows using computed tomography and Mie scattering. Demonstration measurements were performed in airflows seeded with water droplets at a 5 kHz frame rate, with an exposure time of 0.2 ms and a measurement volume of 85 mm×85 mm×85 mm discretized into 128×128×128 voxels. Experimental and computational studies have been conducted, with a focus on comparison and validation of the 3D reconstructions against experiments performed in flows with recognizable patterns.
Asymmetrical stepped-junction nanoantennas

We investigate optical nanoantennas featuring asymmetrical stepped-junction structures. By breaking the symmetry of the conventional optical nanoantennas, the performance of them is improved in many aspects. Experiments have been conducted to validate the proposed design.
Optical super-channels in long-haul network architectures

Network efficiency is compared for 500Gb/s super-channel and 100Gb/s single-wavelength systems. Results show that exclusively using 500Gb/s systems requires 1.7x to 2.6x more network capacity for the same service demands and introduces network scalability concerns.
Progress Towards Computational Method for Circulation Control Airfoils

The compressible Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations are solved for circulation control airfoil flows. Numerical solutions are computed with both structured and unstructured grid solvers. Several turbulence models are considered, including the Spalart-Allmaras model with and without curvature corrections, the shear stress transport model of Menter, and the k-enstrophy model. Circulation control flows with jet momentum coefficients of 0.03, 0.10, and 0.226 are considered. Comparisons are made between computed and experimental pressure distributions, velocity profiles, Reynolds stress profiles, and streamline patterns. Including curvature effects yields the closest agreement with the measured data.
TRIAD IV: Nationwide Survey of Medical Students' Understanding of Living Wills and DNR Orders.

IntroductionLiving wills are a form of advance directives that help to protect patient autonomy. They are frequently encountered in the conduct of medicine. Because of their impact on care, it is important to understand the adequacy of current medical school training in the preparation of physicians
A Silylene-Bridged (Isodicyclopentadienyl)(Fluorenyl) Complex of Zirconium for Homogeneous Olefin Polymerization

The synthesis and characterization of the new silylene(isodicyclopentadienyl)(fluorenyl)-zirconium dichloride (5) have been performed. This complex has been characterized by 1 H and 1 3 C NMR spectroscopy and its solid-state molecular structure has been determined. After activation by methylalumoxane, 5 is shown to initiate the polymerization of ethylene and propylene. S-PP is produced. Quite unusual for a silylene-bridged zirconium complex, good syndiotacticity was observed for propylene polymerization.
Zone-specific hepatotoxicity of gossypol in perfused rat liver.

Abstract S. Manabe , D. C. Nuber and Y. C. Lin . Zone-specific hepatotoxicity of gossypol in perfused rat liver. Toxicon 29, 787–790, 1991.—Gossypol selectively damages the periportal region of lobules in perfused rat liver, while retrograde perfusion caused pericentral liver damage. Moreover, the addition of 0.4% bovine serum albumin(BSA) to the perfusate completely prevented the toxic effect of gossypol on hepatocytes, decreasing the absorption of gossypol by the liver. This study indicates that the damage caused by gossypol depends upon the direction of exposure and can be protected against by its binding to BSA.
Silicon Diffraction Gratings For Multilayer Structures

Anisotropic etching was used to fabricate diffraction gratings on silicon wafers for use as substrates for layered synthetic multilayers. We worked with (110) and (100) oriented wafers to achieve etched sidewall angles of 35.3°, 46.5°, 54.7°, and 90°. Contact lithography was used to print gratings with a 20p period in order to evaluated the quality of the etched sidewalls. Projection lithography was used to print gratings with a 2μ period. Blazed gratings were fabricated from (111) oriented wafers cut 6° off the normal to the growth direction. A crystal alignment technique is described that allowed us to align the gratings to better than 0.1° of the correct crystal direction. Measurements are reported on the smoothness of etched silicon surfaces using three different etches.
Two-stage time-optimal formation reconfiguration strategy under acceleration and velocity constraints

In this paper, a two-stage time-optimal reconfiguration strategy for formation flying of autonomous agents under acceleration and velocity constraints is presented. In the proposed strategy, the agents are moved to a special designated formation in the time interval between the accomplishment of the last reconfiguration task and the issuance of the next reconfiguration command, referred to as the idle time. The special designated formation is obtained in such a way that the expected value of the reconfiguration time under the existing constraints is minimized. The problem of finding the special designated formation turns out to be non-convex. The previously reported results for the case of acceleration constraint only are shown to remain valid under the additional velocity constraint. An alternative search algorithm for finding the special designated formation is presented which consists of searching a vicinity of possible formations, which can even be skipped under certain conditions, and solving a convex non-differentiable optimization problem. This search algorithm is typically much faster than the one associated with the acceleration constraint only. A normbounded subgradient is obtained for the corresponding convex non-differentiable objective function, and the problem is numerically solved using the subgradient method. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is illustrated via simulation.
Propane σ‐Complexes on PdO(101): Spectroscopic Evidence of the Selective Coordination and Activation of Primary CH Bonds

Achieving selective CH bond cleavage is critical for developing catalytic processes that transform small alkanes to value-added products. The present study clarifies the molecular-level origin for an exceptionally strong preference for propane to dissociate on the crystalline PdO(101) surface via primary CH bond cleavage. Using reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we show that adsorbed propane σ-complexes preferentially adopt geometries on PdO(101) in which only primary CH bonds datively interact with the surface Pd atoms at low propane coverages and are thus activated under typical catalytic reaction conditions. We show that a propane molecule achieves maximum stability on PdO(101) by adopting a bidentate geometry in which a HPd dative bond forms at each CH3 group. These results demonstrate that structural registry between the molecule and surface can strongly influence the selectivity of a metal oxide surface in activating alkane CH bonds.
Variability of Gas Composition and Flux Intensity in Natural Marine Hydrocarbon Seeps

The relationship between surface bubble composition and gas flux to the atmosphere was examined at five large seeps from the Coal Oil Point seep field (Santa Barbara Channel, CA, USA). The field research was conducted using a flux buoy designed to simultaneously measure the surface bubbling gas flux and the buoy’s position with differential GPS, and to collect gas samples. Results show that the flux from the five seeps surveyed a total of 11 times ranged from 800–5,500 m3 day−1. The spatial distribution of flux from the five seeps was well described by two lognormal distributions fitted to two flux ranges. The seafloor and sea surface composition of bubbles differed, with the seafloor bubbles containing significantly more CO2 (3–25%) and less air (N2 and O2). At the sea surface, the mole fraction of N2 correlated directly with O2 (R 2 = 0.95) and inversely with CH4 (R 2 = 0.97); the CO2 content was reduced to the detection limit (<0.1%). These data demonstrate that the bubble composition is modified by gas exchange during ascent: dissolved air enters, and CO2 and hydrocarbon gases leave the bubbles. The mean surface composition at the five seeps varied with water depth and gas flux, with more CH4 and higher CH4/N2 ratios found in shallower seeps with higher flux. It is suggested that the CH4/N2 ratio is a good proxy for total or integrated gas loss from the rising bubbles, although additional study is needed before this ratio can be used quantitatively.
Heat Capacities of Glasses and Liquids in the Pseudobinary System GexAs40‐xS60

Heat capacities were measured from 180° to 720°K for glasses and liquids in the vitreous system GexAs40-xS60, (the subscripts signify atomic percent). Glass heat capacities are well described by the Debye function for the vibrational heat capacity of solids. A maximum in the glass transition temperature, Tg, and a minimum in the heat-capacity change at Tg, δCp, occur near the composition for which x=30. These extrema are ascribed to a change near that composition in the effect of replacing As with Ge from network-making to network-disrupting.
Perceiving the lengths of real and virtual objects using kinesthetic touch

Humans use their kinesthetic haptic sense for a variety of day-to-day tasks. While manipulating objects using this sensory channel, which corresponds to signals arising in the muscles and joints, it has been shown that humans can perceive several characteristics of the objects that are being held or wielded. For example, the length of a baseball bat can be estimated without but the aid of vision by wielding it. There have been over a hundred studies that have sought to understand the perceptual basis of these judgments. Seminal work conducted by [7] and [8] has suggested that the haptic perception of length during wielding is related to the Inertia tensor of the wielded object. Studies have shown high correlations between the inertia tensor and various haptic properties like length [1], height [9, 10], orientation of the object [3] and the position of the hand grasp [4, 5]. All of these studies have shown the central role of the inertia tensor as the perceptual basis for making haptic judgments of object properties.
A Spring-Loaded Inverted Pendulum Locomotion Model With Radial Forcing

Recent locomotion models have demonstrated the benefits of hip torques on legged locomotion stability. Here, a simple constant radial forcing function along the leg of the Spring-Loaded Inverted Pendulum (SLIP) model is added. This model is analyzed in order to determine what effect such a radial force might have on the stability of locomotion versus the more commonly used hip-torque forcing. The model is found to be unstable for the vast majority of the parameter space studied, for any amount of added forcing and damping constants. This suggests that simple constant forcing along the leg does not produce stable locomotion, unlike the case where forcing happens via hip torque.Copyright © 2012 by ASME