cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Food Antioxidants to Prevent Cataract

RESULTS There were 4309 incident cases of age-related cataracts during the mean 7.7 years of follow-up (234 371 person-years). The multivariable rate ratio in the highest quintile of the TAC of the diet compared with the lowest was 0.87 (95% CI, 0.79-0.96; P for trend = .03). The main contributors to dietary TAC in the study population were fruit and vegetables (44.3%), whole grains (17.0%), and coffee (15.1%).
Nonstructural carbohydrates in axillary branches and main stem of senescent and nonsenescent Sorghum types.

Although the concentration of nonstructural carbohydrates in main stems has been compared between senescent and nonsenescent types of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], nonstructural carbohydrates in axillary branches at upper nodes have not been compared between senescence types. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that nonsenescent hybrids of semidwarf sorghum accumulate more nonstructural carbohydrates in branches and in the main stem than senescent hybrids after black layer. Plants were labeled (exposed to ¹⁴CO₂) 14 d before, at, and 14 d after black layer formation under field conditions. Nonstructural carbohydrates in branches and in lower and upper portions of the main stem were sampled 5 or 7 d after labeling. Comparisons between hybrids 14 d after black layer supported the hypothesis. The content of nonstructoral carbohydrates in branches increased twofold more for nonsenescent than for senescent plants between stages of labeling at and 14 d after black layer. The concentration and content of nonstructural carbohydrates in main stems of senescent plants declined 40% or more during the same period. Branches comprised 84 to 100% of the increase in content of nonstructural carbohydrates even though concentrations and ¹⁴C-photosynthate recoveries in the nonstructural fraction of branches declined after black layer. Nonstructural carbohydrates in branches at upper nodes need to be monitored in addition to those in main stems for comparisons involving the senescence types from this study. Contribution of Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., Technical Article no. 24349. Partially supported by Center for Energy and Mineral Resources, Texas A&M Univ.
A medical profession in transition: exploring naturopathic physician blogging behaviors.

Naturopathic medicine is a holistic healing approach involving natural remedies, wellness, and disease prevention. A literature review shows the discipline is attempting to overcome several professional obstacles and expand into new areas. Amid this transition, the naturopathic community—like other groups—has adopted Web 2.0 technologies such as blogs. This article features interviews with one naturopathic medical student and 17 naturopathic physicians and reviews of interviewee blogs to understand this group's communication activities. Findings suggest blogs are venues for projecting both individual and group credibility to stakeholders. I conclude that blogs serve a “represent all of us” group function and are new examples of gray or alternative health literature.
Asymptotically self‐similar blow‐up of semilinear heat equations

Abstract : This reprint studies the blow-up of solutions of a nonlinear heat equation. The main goal is to characterize the asymptotic behavior of u near a singularity, assuming a suitable upper bound on the rate of blowup. Additional keywords: Liouville theorem; and Asymptotic normality.
Relationships among non-Acremonium sp. fungal endophytes in five grass species.

Many cool-season grasses (subfamily Pooideae) possess maternally transmitted fungal symbionts which cause no known pathology and often enhance the ecological fitness and biochemical capabilities of the grass hosts. The most commonly described endophytes are the Acremonium section Albo-lanosa spp. (Acremonium endophytes), which are conidial anamorphs (strictly asexual forms) of Epichloe typhina. Other endophytes which have been noted are a Gliocladium-like fungus in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and a Phialophora-like fungus in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). Here, we report the identification of additional non-Acremonium sp. endophytes (herein designated p-endophytes) in three more grass species: Festuca gigantea, Festuca arizonica, and Festuca pratensis. In each grass species, the p-endophyte was cosymbiotic with an Acremonium endophyte. Serological analysis and sequence determinations of variable portions of their rRNA genes indicated that the two previously identified non-Acremonium endophytes are closely related to each other and to the newly identified p-endophytes. Therefore, the p-endophytes represent a second group of widely distributed grass symbionts.
Generalizing Local and Non-Local Word-Reordering Patterns for Syntax-Based Machine Translation

Syntactic word reordering is essential for translations across different grammar structures between syntactically distant language-pairs. In this paper, we propose to embed local and non-local word reordering decisions in a synchronous context free grammar, and leverages the grammar in a chart-based decoder. Local word-reordering is effectively encoded in Hiero-like rules; whereas non-local word-reordering, which allows for long-range movements of syntactic chunks, is represented in tree-based reordering rules, which contain variables correspond to source-side syntactic constituents. We demonstrate how these rules are learned from parallel corpora. Our proposed shallow Tree-to-String rules show significant improvements in translation quality across different test sets.
A metallization scheme for junction-down bonding of high-power semiconductor lasers

High-power semiconductor lasers have found increasing applications in industrial, military, commercial, and consumer products. The thermal management of high-power lasers is critical since the junction temperature rise resulting from large heat fluxes strongly affects the device characteristics, such as wavelength, kink power, threshold current and efficiency, and reliability. The epitaxial-side metallization structure has significant impact on the thermal performance of a junction-down bonded high-power semiconductor laser. In this paper, the influence of the epitaxial-side metal (p-metal) on the thermal behavior of a junction-down mounted GaAs-based high-power single-mode laser is studied using finite-element analysis. It is shown that a metallization structure with thick Au layer can significantly reduce the thermal resistance by distributing the heat flow to wider area laterally, and the thermal resistance of a junction-down bonded laser with thick Au metallization is much less sensitive to the voiding in the die attachment solder interface than a laser with thin Au metallization. A metallization structure of Ti-Pt-thick Au-Ti-Cr-Au is designed and implemented, and the metallurgical stability of this metallization scheme is reported. It was found that, without a diffusion barrier, the thick Au layer in the epi-side metallization would be mostly consumed and form intermetallics with the Sn from the AuSn solder during soldering and thermal aging. The Ti-Pt-thick Au-Ti-Cr-Au metallization scheme prevents the diffusion of Sn into the thick Au layer and preserves the integrity of the metallization system. It is a promising candidate for junction-down bonding of high-power semiconductor lasers for improved thermal management and reliability
Drosophila suzukii, or Spotted Wing Drosophila, Recorded in Southeastern Pennsylvania, U.S.A.

ABSTRACT Collections of Drosophila and their relatives were performed using bait traps on the campus of Saint Joseph's University, in Philadelphia and Lower Merion, Pennsylvania, between July and December 2011 and continuing in March of 2012. In the 2011 collection season, more than 200 specimens of Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), or spotted wing Drosophila, were collected. In 2012, specimens started to appear in June and were collected until December. The appearance of D. suzukii in the Philadelphia and surrounding area has severe, negative implications for local agriculture. D. suzukii, unlike most other Drosophila species, is an agricultural pest that lays its eggs in soft-skinned, unspoiled fruits like cherries, grapes, and berries (Bolda et al., 2009).
Resting-sate functional reorganization of the rat limbic system following neuropathic injury

Resting-state functional reorganization of the rat limbic system following neuropathic injury
Topology Control for Time-Evolving and Predictable Delay-Tolerant Networks

In delay tolerant networks (DTNs), the lack of continuous connectivity, network partitioning, and long delays make design of network protocols very challenging. Previous DTN research mainly focuses on routing and information propagation. However, with a large number of wireless devices' participation, it becomes crucial regarding how to maintain efficient and dynamic topology of the DTN. In this paper, we study the topology control problem in a predictable DTN, where the time-evolving network topology is known a priori or can be predicted. We first model such time-evolving network as a directed space-time graph that includes both spacial and temporal information. The aim of topology control is to build a sparse structure from the original space-time graph such that 1) the network is still connected over time and supports DTN routing between any two nodes; 2) the total cost of the structure is minimized. We prove that this problem is NP-hard, and propose two greedy-based methods that can significantly reduce the total cost of topology while maintaining the connectivity over time. We also introduce another version of the topology control problem by requiring that the least cost path for any two nodes in this constructed structure is still cost-efficient compared with the one in the original graph. Two greedy-based methods are provided for such a problem. Simulations have been conducted on both random DTN networks and real-world DTN tracing data. Results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed methods.
Existence Algorithms for Synchronizing/Distinguishing Sequences

This correspondence describes two efficient algorithms for determining whether or not a given finite-state machine has a synchronizing sequence and a distinguishing sequence, respectively, and compares them with the well-known tree method. Compared with the tree method, these new algorithms are easier to implement and require less memory size. Since they do not require keeping and searching a look-back directory, they allow significant speed improvements.
Automatic Preference for White Americans: Eliminating the Familiarity Explanation

Using the Implicit Association Test (IAT), recent experiments have demonstrated a strong and automatic positive evaluation of White Americans and a relatively negative evaluation of African Americans. Interpretations of this finding as revealing pro-White attitudes rest critically on tests of alternative interpretations, the most obvious one being perceivers' greater familiarity with stimuli representing White Americans. The reported experiment demonstrated that positive attributes were more strongly associated with White than Black Americans even when (a) pictures of equally unfamiliar Black and White individuals were used as stimuli and (b) differences in stimulus familiarity were statistically controlled. This experiment indicates that automatic race associations captured by the IAT are not compromised by stimulus familiarity, which in turn strengthens the conclusion that the IAT measures automatic evaluative associations.
THE EFFECTS OF TRAINING ON CAREGIVER IMPLEMENTATION OF INCIDENTAL TEACHING

A brief training package consisting of modeling, rehearsal, and feedback was evaluated to train caregivers to use incidental teaching to teach 3 children with autism to request an item or activity. The training package improved correct implementation of the incidental teaching procedure by caregivers. In addition, probes indicated that caregivers could apply these skills to teach the child an additional skill.
Regulation of histone deacetylase 4 and 5 and transcriptional activity by 14-3- 3-dependent cellular localization

Transcription is controlled in part by the dynamic acetylation and deacetylation of histone proteins. The latter process is mediated by histone deacetylases (HDACs). Previous analysis of the regulation of HDAC activity in transcription has focused primarily on the recruitment of HDAC proteins to specific promoters or chromosomal domains by association with DNA-binding proteins. To characterize the cellular function of the recently identified HDAC4 and HDAC5 proteins, complexes were isolated by immunoprecipitation. Both HDACs were found to interact with14-3-3 proteins at three phosphorylation sites. The association of 14-3-3 with HDAC4 and HDAC5 results in the sequestration of these proteins in the cytoplasm. Loss of this interaction allows HDAC4 and HDAC5 to translocate to the nucleus, interact with HDAC3, and repress gene expression. Regulation of the cellular localization of HDAC4 and HDAC5 by 14-3-3 represents a mechanism for controlling the transcriptional activity of these class II HDAC proteins.
Bonjour: The Tennessee Experience

This paper describes an experimental program developed by The University of Tennessee to teach French to children by videotape. The program was designed to be usedd by teachers who have no knowledge of the target language. The rationale for the program, the goals of the course, a description of the procedures followed for its development, and teaching techniques are discussed.
CHARACTERISTICS OF CHILDREN IN HOMES WITH GUNS IN A SOUTHERN STATE

Sz~mmaty.-This study surveyed parents of second-grade children in a rural area of a southern stare with respecr to gun ownership, safety practices, and ratings of social skills and adjustment of their children. Analysis indicated that 60 of the 106 famhes owned a gun. Twelve (20%) of the gun owners did nor safely secure guns and ammunition. On measures of social slulls and adjusrmcnr, no differences were found between the children of gun owners and nonowners. These data suggest thar gun owners in this sample needed more emphasis on safely securing guns and ammunition although incidence of problems was not examined.
Learning to rank with partially-labeled data

Ranking algorithms, whose goal is to appropriately order a set of objects/documents, are an important component of information retrieval systems. Previous work on ranking algorithms has focused on cases where only labeled data is available for training (i.e. supervised learning). In this paper, we consider the question whether unlabeled (test) data can be exploited to improve ranking performance. We present a framework for transductive learning of ranking functions and show that the answer is affirmative. Our framework is based on generating better features from the test data (via KernelPCA) and incorporating such features via Boosting, thus learning different ranking functions adapted to the individual test queries. We evaluate this method on the LETOR (TREC, OHSUMED) dataset and demonstrate significant improvements.
More Copyists' Final Jingles

THIS paper is supplementary to a brief note contributed to SPECULUM years ago,1 and is based on notes taken from manuscripts and manuscript catalogues, augmented by reference to a collection of such lines made in the 1686 catalogue of manuscripts in the University of Leipzig.2 Praise of Christ is often the predominant theme of these concluding verses by copyists and that in medical as well as theological works. In the University Library at Basel, at the close of a medical text by Cardinal Vitalis de Furno, we read:
Legal and Ethical Implications of Epigenetics

Epigenetics raises important legal and ethical issues that have been largely unexplored. Initially, this chapter considers whether legal and ethical issues raised by epigenetics differ from those raised by genetics, about which there already has been much discussion and legislation. Among the key differences are the higher rates of epigenetic marks than genetic mutations from similar environmental exposures and the greater potential for multigenerational harms caused by epigenetics. This chapter discusses the following legal issues: (1) regulation of research, (2) regulation of exposures, (3) discrimination, (4) personal injury litigation, and (5) medical malpractice. The ethical issues discussed are (1) environmental and occupational justice, (2) personal responsibility, (3) privacy and confidentiality, (4) access to healthcare, (5) equality, and (6) intergenerational equity. In general, this chapter discusses how epigenetics raises fundamental issues in a new context, thereby challenging existing legal and ethical doctrines.
Nontraditional Monetary Policy Options : Is Commodity-Based Stabilization Policy Worth Another Look?

The very low interest rates and inflation rates of recent years has generated renewed interest in alternative policies that would not leave central banks trapped by the zero lower bound on nominal interest rates. Amongst this debate, surprisingly little attention has been paid to the possibility of commodity purchases by the central bank, however. Commodity-based stabilization policy was widely advocated during the deflationary environment prior to World War II and has been put into practice in China and, to a more limited scale, in the United States in the form of the government's silver purchase programs and the more recent utilization of the Strategic Petroleum Reserve. This paper reviews these experiences and considers whether there is any useful scope for commodity-based stabilization today.
Surgical prevention of posterior capsule opacification: Part 2: enhancement of cortical cleanup by focusing on hydrodissection

Abstract Purpose To experimentally analyze the role and efficacy of hydrodissection in achieving maximal cortical cleanup. Setting Center for Research on Ocular Therapeutics and Biodevices, Storm Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA. Methods Phacoemulsification and irrigation/aspiration were performed in 10 pairs of human eyes (20 eyes) obtained postmortem. Ten eyes had previous hydrodissection and 10 eyes, no hydrodissection. The time (seconds) required for complete lens substance removal in each procedure was measured. In addition, a qualitative evaluation of difficulty of surgery was noted. Results Phacoemulsification required 28.6% less time in eyes with previous hydrodissection than in those without. Irrigation/aspiration time was reduced by 50.9% when hydrodissection was performed. The total time of each procedure required for complete evacuation of the capsular bag was reduced by an average of 37.7% in eyes with hydrodissection. Furthermore, qualitatively the procedure was far easier, less stressful, and caused less posterior capsule stress or rupture when copious hydrodissection was performed. Conclusions Hydrodissection enhances the general safety and efficiency of cortical cleanup, especially at 12 o’clock. Hydrodissection is the best available, practical, immediately implementable, and inexpensive means to help remove equatorial E-cells and thus alleviate the incidence of posterior capsule opacification.
Use of antibiotics in animals and people

I READ David Burch's letter with great interest ( VR , September 19, 2015, vol 177, p 292), in which he calls for controls on antibiotics used in veterinary medicine to be based on science. I heartily agree and I have to say that I have been dismayed by the way in which many have been willing to follow blindly political pressures rather than science in formulating their policies and guidance to the veterinary profession and the livestock industry. Where is the evidence that farmers and veterinary surgeons have endangered the lives of humans by going about their daily business of keeping the population fed? As the old saying goes, the more frequently and the more loudly something is said, the more likely it is that people will believe it. Furthermore, …
Progress Towards Multi-Block Large Eddy Simulations for Wind Turbine Aeroacoustics

This paper reports on the recent progress towards a multi-block Large Eddy Simulation (LES) code with OVERSET grid capability that is under development for studying various components of wind turbine noise. Two of the most important components of wind turbine noise are believed to be tip noise and trailing edge noise. The present LES code is therefore being customized towards the study of these two noise components. The LES code employs state-of-the-art compact flnite difierencing, implicit spatial flltering and non-re∞ecting boundary conditions. High-order accurate interpolation is also used so as to transfer information among the individual component grids that make up the OVERSET grid topology. The multi-block nature and the OVERSET grid capability of the code allow high-order accurate numerical solutions around wind turbine blade geometries. Preliminary results for the ∞ow over a ∞at plate with a blunt trailing edge and the tip vortex problem on a generic stationary wing geometry with a rounded tip are presented to illustrate possible applications of the computational methodology.
Evidence for the existence of a surface receptor(s) for ferriclactoferrin and ferrictransferrin associated with the plasma membrane of the protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani

Previous work has demonstrated the ability of the promastigote form of the protozoan parasite Leishmania chagasi to utilize iron chelated to lactoferrin and transferrin for growth and metabolism. We have obtained evidence suggesting that the promastigote form of the parasite possesses specific binding sites for lactoferrin and transferrin. Lactoferrin binding appears to be: 1) independent of whether or not the protein contains iron; 2) not inhibited by transferrin: and 3) independent of whether the organism is in log or stationary phase of growth. Transferrin binding is: 1) markedly greater if the protein is iron loaded; 2) inhibited by the presence of lactoferrin; and 3) independent of whether the organism is in log or stationary growth phase. Preliminary ligand blot analyses are consistent with the presence of a protein or proteins which bind lactoferrin and/or transferrin. The relationship to these binding sites to those described in other protozoan species requires further investigation.
Is Maimonides' Guide a Work of Political Philosophy?

Maimonides's Guide of the Perplexed is often interpreted as a work of Jewish philosophy. This paper argues that it is at bottom a work of political philosophy.
Enhanced hydrogenation activity and diastereomeric interactions of methyl pyruvate co-adsorbed with R -1-(1-naphthyl)ethylamine on Pd(111)

Unmodified racemic sites on heterogeneous chiral catalysts reduce their overall enantioselectivity, but this effect is mitigated in the Orito reaction (methyl pyruvate (MP) hydrogenation to methyl lactate) by an increased hydrogenation reactivity. Here, this effect is explored on a R-1-(1-naphthyl)ethylamine (NEA)-modified Pd(111) model catalyst where temperature-programmed desorption experiments reveal that NEA accelerates the rates of both MP hydrogenation and H/D exchange. NEA+MP docking complexes are imaged using scanning tunnelling microscopy supplemented by density functional theory calculations to allow the most stable docking complexes to be identified. The results show that diastereomeric interactions between NEA and MP occur predominantly by binding of the C=C of the enol tautomer of MP to the surface, while simultaneously optimizing C=O····H2N hydrogen-bonding interactions. The combination of chiral-NEA driven diastereomeric docking with a tautomeric preference enhances the hydrogenation activity since C=C bonds hydrogenate more easily than C=O bonds thus providing a rationale for the catalytic observations.
The Contingent Nature of the Symbolic Associations of Visual Design Elements: The Case of Brand Logo Frames

This research examines how situational factors influence the symbolic associations generated from visual design elements and their downstream consequences in terms of consumption intent. Specifically, this research focuses on a common and yet little studied brand design element: logo frames. The authors propose that a logo frame may be perceived as either protecting or confining, depending on the level of risk associated with a purchase. A high perception of risk increases the accessibility of a logo frame’s association with protection and increases purchase intent, whereas a low perception of risk increases the accessibility of a logo frame’s association with confinement and decreases purchase intent. The authors also propose that the logo frame effect may, under certain situations, extend to secondary brand identifiers (e.g., brand slogans) but will not extend to elements unrelated to brand identity (e.g., product descriptions). Six studies provide support for these propositions. The findings of this research contribute to the literature on symbolic associations by demonstrating the contingent nature of the symbolic associations triggered from a visual design element and by showing that design features can mitigate (and under certain circumstances reverse) the negative effect of increased risk perceptions on purchase intent.
Adaptive enriched Galerkin methods for miscible displacement problems with entropy residual stabilization

We present a novel approach to the simulation of miscible displacement by employing adaptive enriched Galerkin finite element methods (EG) coupled with entropy residual stabilization for transport. In particular, numerical simulations of viscous fingering instabilities in heterogeneous porous media and Hele-Shaw cells are illustrated. EG is formulated by enriching the conforming continuous Galerkin finite element method (CG) with piecewise constant functions. The method provides locally and globally conservative fluxes, which are crucial for coupled flow and transport problems. Moreover, EG has fewer degrees of freedom in comparison with discontinuous Galerkin (DG) and an efficient flow solver has been derived which allows for higher order schemes. Dynamic adaptive mesh refinement is applied in order to reduce computational costs for large-scale three dimensional applications. In addition, entropy residual based stabilization for high order EG transport systems prevents spurious oscillations. Numerical tests are presented to show the capabilities of EG applied to flow and transport. Enriched Galerkin approximations for coupled flow and transport system.Entropy residual stabilization for enriched Galerkin to stabilize higher order transport scheme.Dynamic mesh adaptivity for viscous fingering in two and three dimensions.
On the benefits of giving social support: When, why, and how support providers gain by caring for others.

People who are socially integrated and have strong social ties live happier, longer lives. The link between social connection and well-being is commonly explained in terms of the benefits of receiv...
Stability analysis of non linear systems with a separable gradient matrix

Abstract The Variable gradient method was proposed over four decades ago to study global stability, provide bounds on the region of attraction, and to construct stabilizing controls. But, the lack of a methodological procedure to guide the search for the appropriate form of the gradient has hampered its wider use. Gradient conditions are independent of the system dynamics, and we show that it is possible to capture the entire available design freedom when the gradient is a product of a gradient matrix and the state vector, and all the elements of the gradient matrix are separable in the state components. This leads to the parameterization of the gradient and of the associated Lyapunov function, and forms the basis for a more methodological approach to the study of global stability and design of stabilizing controls.
Returns to scientific publications for pharmaceutical products in the United States.

Summary Drug-specific clinical and health economic and outcomes research (HEOR) publications have amassed, but their effect on drug sales is largely unknown. We estimated the impact of publications on pharmaceutical sales in 3 markets (statins, rheumatoid arthritis, and asthma drugs) with varying generic competition. An event-study approach with fixed effects and difference-in-fixed-effects modeling was used to estimate the causal effects of drug-specific publications on subsequent quarter's drug-specific sales and volume. High-impact clinical and HEOR publications have significant positive effects on sales (mediated through price) and volume in the statin market (high generic competition). High-impact clinical publications have a significant positive effect on sales (mediated through volume) in low-generic competition market (asthma). The effects of publications in the rheumatoid arthritis market (no generic competition) on sales were null. Manufacturers' investment in clinical and HEOR publications needs to be strategic and should be anticipated and complemented by public investments in such studies.
Corporate Governance: The Jack Wright Series (10)—Dealing with External Pressures

This case finds Jack Wright, now chairman of the Mega Corporation board, having to deal with an offer from a director to buy the company, in either a friendly or unfriendly fashion. This case is taught together with case 9 in the series. Excerpt UVA-OM-1092 Rev. May 16, 2011 CORPORATE GOVERNANCE: THE JACK WRIGHT SERIES (10) Dealing with External Pressures Three weeks after the special board meeting at which Sally Bigger Moses was elected chairman, Herman Abrams called her and said he was prepared to make an offer of $ 35 per share for the company. The offer was to be 60% cash and 40% stock in the new company. He said that he would prefer that it be a friendly transaction but that he was prepared to make a hostile bid if the board didn't cooperate with him. What should Bigger Moses do? This case was prepared by Wallace Stettinius, Visiting Lecturer, George W. Logan, Lecturer in Business Administration, and John L. Colley, Jr., Almand R. Coleman Professor of Business Administration. It was written as a basis for class discussion rather than to illustrate effective or ineffective handling of an administrative situation. Copyright a 2003 by the University of Virginia Darden School Foundation, Charlottesville, VA. All rights reserved. To order copies, send an e-mail to . No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, used in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise—without the permission of the Darden School Foundation. . . .
Wild Choreography of Affect and Ecstacy

Higher education institutions comprise entangled assemblages of bodies, material objects, discourses, spaces and diverse technologies. These entanglements are affective intensities that manifest embodied prepersonal relationality. As a prepersonal construct, affect is the social, physical and emotion change, or variation that is co-produced when assemblages of bodies and objects contact (see Coleman, 2005).
Medical and pharmacy students shadowing advanced practice nurses to develop interprofessional competencies.

Abstract Aim This article describes a job-shadowing project that partnered second-year medical and third-year pharmacy students with an advanced practice nurse (APN) for a four-hour job- shadowing experience. Background In order to address the Interprofessional Education Collaborative (IPEC) Expert Panel core competencies of interprofessional communication, teamwork, and roles/responsibilities, this project implemented a job-shadowing experience to increase students' knowledge of APN roles and interprofessional collaborative team practices. Methods Forty volunteer medical and pharmacy students were paired together and completed the job-shadowing activity with an APN. Assessment of knowledge was measured by pre- and post-project surveys. Results Pre- and post-job-shadowing differences demonstrated statistical significance in the interprofessional domains of role awareness, collaboration and communication. These results suggest that an APN job-shadowing experience is effective in developing medical and pharmacy students' competencies in interprofessional collaborative practice. Conclusion Specific recommendations include creating enhanced job-shadowing experiences within the curriculums of medicine, pharmacy, and nursing students, and assessing for evidence of enhanced IPEC competencies as a result of these learning experiences.
Proceedings, 115th Annual Meeting Medical Library Association, Inc. Austin, TX May 15–20, 2015

The Medical Library Association (MLA) held its 115th annual meeting in Austin, Texas, May 15–20, 2015, at the Austin Convention Center and Austin Hilton. The meeting theme was ‘‘Librarians without Limits.’’
Pesticide Exposure Among Farmworkers and Their Families in the Eastern United States: Matters of Social and Environmental Justice

Pesticides are found in the workplaces and living quarters of farmworkers and their families. Despite federal regulations designed to reduce pesticide exposure among farmworkers, research conducted in farmworker communities in the eastern US shows that such regulations are only partially enforced. Farmworker knowledge and beliefs about pesticides are often contrary to safety behaviors encouraged in this population. While studies documenting exposure of farmworkers to pesticides and the dose received are limited, they indicate that most farmworker housing is contaminated with a broad range of pesticides, exposing workers as well as family members to pesticides. Most workers and family members have absorbed measurable doses of pesticides. The health implications of different levels of pesticide exposure and dose are not known, but epidemiological studies indicate that lifetime exposure is associated with significant health effects. Because social and environmental factors place farmworkers at a disproportionate risk of pesticide exposure, this hazard of farmwork is both a social and environmental injustice for which solutions are needed.
Test of the Δ S = Δ Q Rule in Leptonic Decay of Neutral K Mesons

The time distribution of 335 leptonic decays of ${K}^{0}'\mathrm{s}$ produced by ${K}^{+}+d\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{0}+p+p$ has been analyzed. The likelihood estimate for $x{e}^{i\ensuremath{\phi}}$, the ratio between the $\ensuremath{\Delta}S=\ensuremath{\Delta}Q$ violating and nonviolating amplitudes, yields $x={0.26}_{\ensuremath{-}0.11}^{+0.08}$ and a phase $\ensuremath{\phi}={50\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}}_{\ensuremath{-}27\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}}^{+25\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}}$.
We’ll Always Have Paris: The Hedonic Payoff from Experiential and Material Investments

Abstract We live in a consumerist society in which large increases in wealth have not brought corresponding increases in well-being. This has led some to wonder if there are ways people might spend their limited discretionary income to get a better hedonic return on their money. Here we examine the perils of materialism and review a program of research that demonstrates that experiential purchases (such as vacations, concerts, and meals out) tend to bring more lasting happiness than material purchases (such as high-end clothing, jewelry, and electronic gadgets). Compared to possessions, experiences are less prone to hedonic adaptation, and we explore how and why the satisfaction they provide endures: by fostering successful social relationships, by becoming a more meaningful part of one's identity, by being less susceptible to unfavorable and unpleasant comparisons, and by not lending themselves to deflating regrets of action. We also discuss how these hedonic benefits extend to anticipation as well, although people do not always foresee that experiential consumption tends to provide more enduring satisfaction. We conclude by raising a number of questions about the distinction between experiences and material goods, about potential moderators and individual differences, and about how the overall well-being of society might be advanced by shifting from an overwhelmingly material economy to one that facilitates experiential consumption.
Assessing Production Line Risk Using Bayesian Belief Networks and System Dynamics

Abstract Increased complexity in product design, strict regulations and a changing market make risk assessment critical for successful operations. Failure in responding quickly to raw material shortages, downtimes, deteriorating equipment conditions or other operational issues can prove to be an expensive affair. A company-wide risk assessment includes both external and internal operations. However, external/supplier risk assessment has been of major interest. Even though the scope of risk assessment at the production line level is not as broad as it is at the supply chain level, assessing risk would help recognize vulnerable areas of the production line, which would in turn help reduce damage caused when risk events occur. In this research, a method for production line risk assessment is proposed by considering operational risks affecting the line. Operational risks and their causal relationships are represented using Bayesian Belief Networks (BBN). The impact of these risks is observed using a simulation model of the production line using System Dynamics (SD) approach. The combination of BBN and SD assists in developing a versatile methodology, which can capture the dynamic causal mechanisms in a complex system, the uncertainties amongst risk events and the long-term impact of operational risks on the production line.
Unmasked Lex Text: A Review of On Comics and Legal Aesthetics – Multimodality and the Haunted Mask of Knowing

This review probes On Comics and Legal Aesthetics – Multimodality and the Haunted Mask of Knowing by Thomas Giddens (Routledge, 2018). The book explores the unique ways in which comics – with their hybridized text and images – can augment the ways we come to know of law’s rationality. This review explains the primary methodologies that Giddens utilizes such as highlighting the strict rationality of legal texts and their chaotic edges through comics narratives. It concludes with a warm endorsement of this deeply intellectual contribution to comics studies.
Determine a Magnetic Schrödinger Operator with a Bounded Magnetic Potential from Partial Data in a Slab

We study an inverse boundary value problem with partial data in an infinite slab in $$\mathbb {R}^{n}$$ , $$n\ge 3$$ , for the magnetic Schrodinger operator with bounded magnetic potential and electric potential. We show that the magnetic field and the electric potential can be uniquely determined, when the Dirichlet and Neumann data are given on either different boundary hyperplanes or on the same boundary hyperplanes of the slab. These generalize the results in Krupchyk et al. (Commun Math Phys 312:87–126, 2012), where the same uniqueness results were established when the magnetic potential is Lipschitz continuous. The proof is based on the complex geometric optics solutions constructed in Krupchyk and Uhlmann (Commun Math Phys 327:993–1009, 2014), which are special solutions to the magnetic Schrodinger equation with $$L^{\infty }$$ magnetic and electric potentials in a bounded domain.
Professional School Counselors as Cultural Consultants

The purpose of our study was to explore the alignment of the Council for the Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs School Counseling Diversity Standards with items on the Sch...
Comprehensive Comparison of NULL Convention Logic Threshold Gate Implementations

Asynchronous circuits offer many advantages including no clock, reliable operation, flexible timing requirement, and low electro-magnetic interference. NULL Convention Logic (NCL), as a popular quasi-delay-insensitive asynchronous design paradigm, incorporates threshold gates as its logic family. The implementations of these gates directly impact the performance of NCL circuits. This paper features eight NCL implementations published in literature and compares them across various metrics. The results and analysis can be used by designers for selecting the most appropriate design for their specific applications.
Pulmonary Capillary Hemorrhage Induced by Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse Shear Wave Elastography in Ventilated Rats.

Objectives Diagnostic ultrasound (DUS) imaging can induce pulmonary capillary hemorrhage (PCH), possibly related to the ultrasonic radiation surface pressure arising from reflection at the lung blood-air interfaces. Acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography is a relatively new DUS mode with high-energy "push pulses" used to move tissue and generate shear waves. The objective of this study was to characterize PCH induced by the ARFI elastographic mode for comparison with other previously tested DUS modes. Methods Pulmonary capillary hemorrhage induction was examined for ARFI elastographic frames with 5.7-MHz push pulses (Acuson S3000; Siemens Medical Solutions, Mountain View, CA), which had a derated PRPA of 2.6 MPa. Groups of rats with tracheal tube placement had no ventilation (spontaneous breathing), intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV), or IPPV plus 8 cm H2 O of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). Exposure was to 1 or 20 manually triggered image frame acquisitions. The PCH area was measured on the lung surface. Results All 20-frame exposure groups, and even the single-frame group, had significant PCH relative to shams. Single-frame exposures produced significantly less PCH (P = .002) than 20-frame exposures in rats with a tracheal tube only (spontaneous breathing). The PEEP inhibited the PCH and produced about half of the PCH area induced for IPPV without PEEP (P = .014). Conclusions The PCH results were comparable with those from a previous study using B-mode or color Doppler exposure for 5 minutes; however, these modes delivered many more pulses for continuous imaging frames, suggesting that the ARFI elastographic frames were individually much more effective.
Evaluation of 30-Day Hospital Readmission and Mortality Rates Using Regression-Discontinuity Framework

Abstract Background The Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program (HRRP) has been associated with reduced 30-day readmissions for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and heart failure (HF). Objectives The purpose of this study was to test whether this 30-day readmission reduction is a manifestation of practices that defer or avoid hospitalizations beyond the 30-day period. Methods At all U.S. hospitals under HRRP, the authors calculated daily readmission rates for elderly Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries through day-60 post-discharge following a hospitalization for AMI and HF—the 2 target cardiovascular conditions—as well as pneumonia in July 2008 to June 2016. The authors applied a robust bias-corrected nonparametric regression approach to evaluate for discontinuities in rates around day 30. Results The authors identified 3,256 eligible hospitals, with median readmission rates in the days 1 to 30 and 31 to 60 post-discharge of 19.6% (interquartile range [IQR]: 16.7% to 22.9%) and 7.8% (IQR: 6.5% to 9.4%) for AMI, 23.0% (IQR: 20.6% to 25.3%) and 11.4% (IQR: 10.2% to 12.6%) for HF, and 17.5% (IQR: 15.4% to 19.8%) and 8.3% (IQR: 7.3% to 9.3%) for pneumonia, respectively. Daily readmission rates decreased across most of the 60 post-discharge days, with no discontinuities in the local polynomial regression for readmission at the 30-day mark, with a >95% power to detect 0.1% difference for each outcome across post-discharge day 30. Similarly, there was no discontinuity in mortality at 30 days post-discharge, or for either outcome at hospitals that incurred readmission penalties. Conclusions There was no evidence that clinicians adopted strategies that specifically deferred admissions or affected mortality in the 30-day period after discharge. The findings are consistent with the institution of strategies that generally affected readmission risk after discharge.
Comparing six shrinkage estimators with large sample theory and asymptotically optimal prediction intervals

Consider the multiple linear regression model $$Y = \beta _1 + \beta _2 x_2 + \cdots + \beta _p x_p + e = {\varvec{x}}^T \varvec{\beta }+ e$$ with sample size n. This paper compares the six shrinkage estimators: forward selection, lasso, partial least squares, principal components regression, lasso variable selection, and ridge regression, with large sample theory and two new prediction intervals that are asymptotically optimal if the estimator $${\hat{\varvec{\beta }}}$$ is a consistent estimator of $$\varvec{\beta }$$ . Few prediction intervals have been developed for $$p>n$$ , and they are not asymptotically optimal. For p fixed, the large sample theory for variable selection estimators like forward selection is new, and the theory shows that lasso variable selection is $$\sqrt{n}$$ consistent under much milder conditions than lasso. This paper also simplifies the proofs of the large sample theory for lasso, ridge regression, and elastic net.
Missouri's Fentanyl Problem: The China Connection

Recently, Missouri has followed an overall upward trend in opioid overdose deaths. In 2018, Missouri was the state with the largest absolute and percentage increase in opioid-related overdose fatality rates per capita over the previous year (18.3% and 3.1/100,000). This increase occurred despite an overall decrease in U.S. opioid-related death rates in the same period. This report identifies illicitly manufactured fentanyl (IMF) (and analogues) as the drug most responsible for this rise in opioid deaths in Missouri, with stimulant overdoses (primarily from methamphetamine) in second place. Within Missouri, we find the areas where opioid deaths are highest: St. Louis and the city's fringe areas, following the national trend for high rates in fringe areas. Based on reports from CDC Wonder data, county medical examiners, law enforcement agencies, and drug addiction prevention agencies, we conclude that IMF and related synthetic opioids arriving from China are primarily responsible for fatal narcotic overdoses in Missouri. Despite the COVID-19 disruption of fentanyl manufacturing and distribution centers in and around Wuhan, China early in the pandemic, preliminary 2020 data from medical examiners' offices show an upswing in opioid deaths, an indicator that Chinese fentanyl producers have restored the supply chain.
Evaluating Cognitive Relationships with Resting-State and Task-driven Blood Oxygen Level-Dependent Variability.

Recent functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have reported that moment-to-moment variability in the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal is positively associated with task performance...
Evidence-Based Practices in Community Corrections: Officers’ Perceptions of Professional Relevance and Personal Competence

While the broad goals of U.S. probation and parole agencies have shifted over time, many departments have recently begun to implement evidence-based practices (EBPs) in supervision. Adoption of EBPs, however, requires the support and active participation of line-level officers. To explore officers’ perceptions of both traditional and EBP supervision measures, we surveyed probation and parole officers in seven community corrections departments across five states. Our analyses suggest that officers identify both traditional and EBP measures as relevant to their jobs, and officers generally feel very confident in their abilities to incorporate traditional and EBP measures into their supervision approaches. Moreover, several individual and work-related variables are associated with officers’ perceived competencies for several EBP and traditional measures. Further, officers tend to feel confident with multiple supervision techniques and do not separate into camps that favor traditional versus evidence-based practices. We discuss policy implications of these findings and directions for future research.