cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Navigating the Rotating Spherical Sky

The new amateur astronomer doesn’t need to use detailed star charts and “star-hop” his or her way around the sky any more. The ability to recognize a dozen stars and the funds to purchase a modern “Go To” telescope is probably enough to get you to any object above the horizon (trees permitting). However, a basic understanding of just what we are seeing when we walk outside is of fundamental importance, whether you’re using a high-tech scope or a Dobsonian. So before we come to the high-tech toys of the next chapter, let’s have a quick grounding in what the night sky is all about.
Phase I Study of Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid (SAHA) and Decitabine in Patients with Relapsed, Refractory or Poor Prognosis Leukemia.

Abstract Few effective treatment strategies are available for patients with relapsed and refractory leukemias and their prognosis remains poor. Epigenetic therapy by targeting epigenetic pathways is currently under investigation as a potential strategy to reverse transcriptional silencing of tumor suppressor genes leading to the reversal of the neoplastic phenotype. 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine (DAC, Decitabine) and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA, Vorinostat) can affect epigenetic change in leukemic cells through promoter CpG island hypomethylation and inhibition of histone deacetylation, respectively. We have conducted a phase I study of combination of DAC plus SAHA (using a sequential dosing schedule) in patients with relapsed, refractory, or high risk leukemias. Five cohorts (Dose levels 0 – 4) of 6 patients each received escalating doses of decitabine (10, 10, 15, 20 and 25 mg/m2 IV daily x 5) followed by SAHA (100 mg PO tid x 14 in the first cohort and 200 mg PO tid x 14 in all subsequent cohorts). From 7/06 to 8/07, 31 patients (21 M, 10 F) have been accrued with the last cohort receiving DAC 25 mg/m2 daily x 5 followed by SAHA 200 mg tid x 14. Median age was 62 years (range, 22 – 82). Twenty one patients (68%) had refractory AML (5 with prior MDS), 1 (3%) refractory acute biphenotypic leukemia, 3 (10%) relapsed MDS, 3 (10%) refractory ALL, 1 (3%) untreated high risk MDS, and 2 (6%) Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative disease. Median number of prior regimens was 2 (range, 0 – 8). One patient did not receive therapy due to rapid disease progression and 30 were evaluable for assessment of toxicity. Median number of cycles of DAC + SAHA administered was 2 (range, 0 – 6). One patient had pulmonary embolism and one grade 3 diarrhea, both considered to be dose limiting. Other adverse events included syncope, neutropenic fever, diarrhea, fatigue, renal failure, rash, nausea, thrombosis, and angioedema. Of the 30 evaluable pts, 1 patient achieved complete remission lasting 5.5 weeks, 4 had significant reductions in the bone marrow blasts, 4 had stable disease, 7 are too early for response evaluation, and 14 had no response/disease progression. We conclude that the sequential combination of DAC and SAHA is safe and has activity in advanced leukemia. Correlative studies evaluating DNA promoter methylation and histone acetylation will be presented.
The use of malaria glycosaminoglycan to block cancers—lessons from the human placenta

The placenta is a specialized organ that is required for the establishment of human pregnancy. During placentation, trophoblast cell proliferation, migration and invasion occur in a highly regulated manner (1). Dysregulated trophoblast cell proliferation and invasion lead to pregnancies with adverse outcomes (2-4). By comparison, malignant tumours arise when cell proliferation, migration and invasion occur in an uncontrolled manner (5,6). As such, trophoblast and cancer cell invasion may share similar mechanisms, and a recent study by Salanti et al . (7) has compared the role of a cell surface protein in human trophoblast and cancer cells.
Therapeutic Plasma Exchange (TPE, plasmapheresis) for Treatment of Refractory Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA)

Management strategies for AIHA include corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, immunosuppressive agents, cytotoxic agents, monoclonal antibodies (Rituximab) and in severe and or refractory cases splenectomy. Our patient is a 49 year-old Jamaican man with past medical history of HIV infection and recently diagnosed stage IV Hodgkin lymphoma with marrow and organ involvement who presented to the ER with severe fatigue, chills and high-grade fever. CBC testing revealed hemoglobin of 3.2gm/dl with a normal leukocyte and platelet count. Further testing revealed strongly positive direct coombs test, undetectable haptoglobin, elevated unconjugated bilirubin, elevated LDH and plasma free hemoglobin confirming the diagnosis of AIHA. Laboratory parameters for disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) were negative. Infection was ruled out with cultures and radiological studies. Severe ongoing hemolysis led to an acute change in mental status, hypotension and acute renal failure requiring the patient to be transferred to the ICU for hemolytic shock. Patient failed to respond to conventional treatments including high dose steroids and IVIG. A single dose of rituximab was also tried without any clinical improvement. Patient’s clinical status deteriorated rapidly and within 48 hours, he developed multi-organ failure requiring continuous venovenous hemodialysis (CVVHD), hemodynamic support with pressors, and aggressive hematological support with multiple blood transfusions. At this point a decision was made to initiate TPE. Within hours of the first TPE, the patient’s clinical status improved. His mental status improved dramatically from a stupor to a fully conscious state. Daily TPE was continued for four days, which resulted in stabilization of his hematocrit, discontinuation of pressors as well as CVVHD. Laboratory parameters of hemolysis normalized. He was eventually able to receive definitive chemotherapy for Hodgkin lymphoma. He is currently three months status post last TPE and undergoing the third cycle of chemotherapy with no recurrence of AIHA. Our experience indicates that TPE can be an effective and rapid treatment modality for patients with severe AIHA secondary to IgG antibodies refractory to conventional means of therapy.
Opening keynote: Crashing drones and hijacked cameras: Cybertrust meets cyberphysical

Cyber-physical systems are engineered systems that require tight conjoining of and coordination between the computational (discrete) and the physical (continuous). Cyber-physical systems are rapidly penetrating every aspect of our lives, with potential impact on sectors critical to national security and competitiveness, including aerospace, automotive, chemical production, civil infrastructure, energy, finance, healthcare, manufacturing, materials, and transportation. As these systems fulfill the promise of the Internet of Things, smart cities, household robots, and personalized medicine, we need to ensure they are trustworthy: reliable, secure, and privacy-preserving. This talk will look at cyber-physical systems from the lens of trustworthy computing. Throughout my talk, I will raise research challenges for how to make cyber-physical systems trustworthy.
Orthodontic treatment in adolescents with cleft lip and palate

The orthodontic treatment of adolescents with cleft lip and palate is complex and highly individualized. For such patients, there is a great need for thorough and comprehensive diagnosis as well as attention to multidisciplinary aspects of orthodontic care. A framework for categorizing patients with varying forms and degrees cleft lip and palate into three levels of skeletal discrepancy from least to most severe is presented, and the specific treatment objectives of phase II orthodontic treatment for each of the three categories is then outlined. Moreover, due to specific challenges of a cleft-related dentition, the various aspects of the management of missing teeth are reviewed. Finally, the importance and most pertinent methods of retention are emphasized.
High-energy, 2µm laser transmitter for coherent wind LIDAR

A coherent Doppler lidar at 2μm wavelength has been built with higher output energy (300 mJ) than previously available. The laser transmitter is based on the solid-state Ho:Tm:LuLiF, a NASA Langley Research Center invented laser material for higher extraction efficiency. This diode pumped injection seeded MOPA has a transform limited line width and diffraction limited beam quality. NASA Langley Research Center is developing coherent wind lidar transmitter technology at eye-safe wavelength for satellite-based observation of wind on a global scale. The ability to profile wind is a key measurement for understanding and predicting atmospheric dynamics and is a critical measurement for improving weather forecasting and climate modeling. We would describe the development and performance of an engineering hardened 2μm laser transmitter for coherent Doppler wind measurement from ground/aircraft/space platform.
An empirical analysis of the relationship between entrepreneurship and income inequality

The paper estimates the relationship between entrepreneurship and income inequality. Using US state-level data for the period 1989 to 2013, and the system generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator, we find a significant positive relationship between entrepreneurship and income inequality. This finding is generally robust across alternative measures of inequality and entrepreneurship.
Perioperative Immunonutrition Modulates Inflammatory Response after Radical Cystectomy: Results of a Pilot Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Purpose: Poor preoperative nutritional status is associated with a higher complication rate after radical cystectomy in patients with bladder cancer. Given the short interval between diagnosis and radical cystectomy, we compared the effect of short-term specialized immunonutrition to that of a standard oral nutritional supplement on the acute inflammatory response and arginine status in patients treated with radical cystectomy.Materials and Methods: In this prospective, randomized study in 29 men 14 received specialized immunonutrition and 15 received oral nutritional supplement. Each group drank 3 cartons per day for 5 days before and 5 days after radical cystectomy. The Th1-Th2 balance, plasma interleukin-6 and plasma amino acids were measured at baseline, intraoperatively and on postoperative days 2, 14 and 30. Body composition was measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry at baseline and on postoperative days 14 and 30. Differences in outcomes were assessed using the generalized linear mixed model....
Quantified, Localized Health Benefits of Accelerated Carbon Dioxide Emissions Reductions.

Societal risks increase as Earth warms, and increase further for emissions trajectories accepting relatively high levels of near-term emissions while assuming future negative emissions will compensate, even if they lead to identical warming as trajectories with reduced near-term emissions 1 . Accelerating carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions reductions, including as a substitute for negative emissions, hence reduces long-term risks but requires dramatic near-term societal transformations 2 . A major barrier to emissions reductions is the difficulty of reconciling immediate, localized costs with global, long-term benefits3,4. However, 2 °C trajectories not relying on negative emissions or 1.5 °C trajectories require elimination of most fossil-fuel-related emissions. This generally reduces co-emissions that cause ambient air pollution, resulting in near-term, localized health benefits. We therefore examine the human health benefits of increasing 21st-century CO2 reductions by 180 GtC, an amount that would shift a ‘standard’ 2 °C scenario to 1.5 °C or could achieve 2 °C without negative emissions. The decreased air pollution leads to 153 ± 43 million fewer premature deaths worldwide, with ~40% occurring during the next 40 years, and minimal climate disbenefits. More than a million premature deaths would be prevented in many metropolitan areas in Asia and Africa, and >200,000 in individual urban areas on every inhabited continent except Australia. Emission mitigation is required to achieve global climate ambitions but can also offer local benefits. Reduction in air pollution because of low-carbon emission trajectories is shown to result in approximately 150 million fewer premature deaths worldwide.
Parental and Child Psychopathology: Moderated Mediation by Gender and Parent-Child Relationship Quality.

Previous literature has not examined the processes underlying the relations among parent–child relationship quality, parental psychopathology, and child psychopathology in the context of gender. Further, research examining these variables in emerging adulthood is lacking. The current study examined whether parent–child relationship quality would mediate the relation between parental and child psychopathology, and whether gender moderated these associations. Participants were emerging adults (N = 665) who reported on perceptions of their parents’ and their own psychological problems as well as their parent–child relationship quality. Results indicated that the relation between parental internalizing problems and parent–child relationship quality was positive for males, and that mother–child relationship quality was related positively to psychological problems in males. This suggests that sons may grow closer to their parents (particularly their mother) who are exhibiting internalizing problems; in turn, this enmeshed relationship may facilitate transmission of psychopathology. Mediational paths were conditional upon gender, suggesting moderated mediation. Overall, the current study emphasizes that the complexities of parenting must be understood in the context of gender. Further, the mother–son dyad may particularly warrant further attention.
Triassic fault reactivation in eastern Saudi Arabia: implications for shear and fluid systems on the southern margin of Neotethys

Early to Mid-Triassic fault reactivation in eastern Saudi Arabia is shown using three-dimensional seismic reflection data. The geometry and timing of these fault systems are constrained by the interpretation of reflectors in the Khuff, Sudair and Jilh formations, tied to deep wells. The faults terminate upwards in the Sudair and Jilh formations, dating this event to 250–240 Ma. The fault systems generally trend north–south to NE–SW and in places consist of isolated systems several hundred kilometres long, whereas other areas show pervasive, evenly spaced faults 5–10 km apart. The north–south-trending structures control Triassic isopach variations, whereas the NE–SW-trending systems contain localized highs and lows in relay zones, indicating strike-slip kinematics with the maximum horizontal stress, restored for post-Triassic plate rotation, trending 030–210°. These fault systems link Lower Paleozoic source rocks with the Khuff Formation reservoirs, often retaining topseal integrity due to the presence of upper fault tips in the sealing units. The faults are interpreted to be reactivations of Precambrian basement lineaments. The fault timing correlates with a cusp in the African–Arabian plate motion path relative to Tethyan terranes. These local- and plate-scale observations can be explained by Early to Mid-Triassic dextral shear along the Arabian continental margin.
More than Moore’s Mores: Computers, Genomics, and the Embrace of Innovation

The genomics community has frequently compared advances in sequencing to advances in microelectronics. Lately there have been many claims, including by the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), that genomics is outpacing developments in computing as measured by Moore's law - the notion that computers double in processing capability per dollar spent every 18-24 months. Celebrations of the "$1000 genome" and other speed-related sequencing milestones might be dismissed as a distraction from genomics' slowness in delivering clinical breakthroughs, but the fact that such celebrations have been persistently encouraged by the NHGRI reveals a great deal about the priorities and expectations of the American general public, the intended audience of the genomics-computing comparison. By delving into the history of speculative thinking about sequencing and computing, this article demonstrates just how much more receptive to high-risk/high-payoff ventures the NIH and the general public have become. The article also provides access to some of the roots and consequences of the association of "innovation talk" with genomics, and the means to look past that association to the less glamorous (but arguably much more important) contributions of the NHGRI to building the field of genomics.
The change in the value relevance of accounting information after mergers and acquisitions: evidence from the adoption of SFAS 141(R)

This study examines how and why investors change the use of their information sources in valuation between book value and earnings after mergers and acquisitions (M&A) in both pre‐ and post‐SFAS 141(R) periods. We find that investors generally put less weight on earnings but more weight on book value after M&A than before M&A, and that such a change is particularly strong after the adoption of SFAS 141(R). By looking at goodwill, other intangible assets and other balance sheet accounts that SFAS 141(R) amended, we further find that SFAS 141(R) improves the value relevance of book value components after M&A.
Good vibrations to treat inflammatory arthritis

Ultrasound stimulation of the vagus nerve via the spleen triggers the neural-immune reflex to dampen inflammatory arthritis.
Beyond static benchmarking: Using experimental manipulations to evaluate land model assumptions

Land models are often used to simulate terrestrial responses to future environmental changes, but these models are not commonly evaluated with data from experimental manipulations. Results from experimental manipulations can identify and evaluate model assumptions that are consistent with appropriate ecosystem responses to future environmental change. We conducted simulations using three coupled carbon-nitrogen versions of the Community Land Model (CLM, versions 4, 4.5, and-the newly developed-5), and compared the simulated response to nitrogen (N) and atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) enrichment with meta-analyses of observations from similar experimental manipulations. In control simulations, successive versions of CLM showed a poleward increase in gross primary productivity and an overall bias reduction, compared to FLUXNET-MTE observations. Simulations with N and CO2 enrichment demonstrate that CLM transitioned from a model that exhibited strong nitrogen limitation of the terrestrial carbon cycle (CLM4) to a model that showed greater responsiveness to elevated concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere (CLM5). Overall, CLM5 simulations showed better agreement with observed ecosystem responses to experimental N and CO2 enrichment than previous versions of the model. These simulations also exposed shortcomings in structural assumptions and parameterizations. Specifically, no version of CLM captures changes in plant physiology, allocation, and nutrient uptake that are likely important aspects of terrestrial ecosystems' responses to environmental change. These highlight priority areas that should be addressed in future model developments. Moving forward, incorporating results from experimental manipulations into model benchmarking tools that are used to evaluate model performance will help increase confidence in terrestrial carbon cycle projections.
Development of a Pharmacy Residency Research Certificate Program.

Background: Similar to teaching certificate programs, which have been incorporated in many pharmacy residencies to improve teaching skills, resident research certificate programs could provide resi...
The laparoscopic approach to pancreatoduodenectomy is cost neutral in very high-volume centers

Abstract Background Little is known regarding the impact of minimally invasive approaches to pancreatoduodenectomy on the aggregate costs of care for patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy. Methods We queried the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Database to identify patients undergoing elective laparoscopic or open pancreatoduodenectomy between 2014 and 2016. Results In this database, 488 (10%) patients underwent elective laparoscopic; 4,544 (90%) underwent open pancreatoduodenectomy. On adjusted analysis, the risk of perioperative morbidity and overall duration of hospitalization for patients undergoing elective laparoscopic were identical to those for patients undergoing open pancreatoduodenectomy. Patients undergoing elective laparoscopic in low (+$10,399, 95% confidence interval [$3,700, $17,098]) and moderate to high (+$4,505, 95% confidence interval [$528, $8,481]) volume centers had greater costs than those undergoing open pancreatoduodenectomy in the same centers. In very high-volume centers (>127 pancreatoduodenectomies/year), aggregate costs of care for patients undergoing elective laparoscopic were essentially identical to those undergoing open pancreatoduodenectomy in the same centers (+$815, 95% confidence interval [–$1,530, $3,160]). Conclusion Rates of morbidity and overall duration of hospitalization for patients undergoing elective laparoscopic are not different than those undergoing open pancreatoduodenectomy. At low to moderate and high-volume centers, elective laparoscopic is associated with greater aggregate costs of care relative to open pancreatoduodenectomy. At very high-volume centers, elective laparoscopic is cost-neutral.
Preserving fresh fruit quality by low-dose electron beam processing for vending distribution channels

Abstract Food vending is estimated to be a $20 billion industry in the United States. There is an untapped business opportunity to positively influence nutrition and health by positioning fresh fruits and vegetable items as healthy vending items in vending machines. The hypothesis was that low dose (≤1 kGy) electron beam (eBeam) processing, alone or, in combination with Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) is effective for developing fresh produce-based vending items. Shelf-life, sensory attributes, and consumer acceptability are key metrics for healthy vending items. The experimental objectives were to evaluate low dose eBeam (≤1 kGy) processing alone or along with MAP for red grapes, cherry tomatoes, and strawberries for reducing bioburden, while maintaining sensory attributes and consumer acceptability scores. The eBeam treatment at ≤ 1 kGy alone, or in combination with MAP suppressed bioburden by at least 1 to 2 log units over 21 day refrigerated storage as compared to untreated control samples. eBeam processing did not adversely affect the color or the firmness of the fruits. A consumer taste panel did not find any significant difference (P ≥ 0.05) in acceptability of eBeam processed fruits (compared to untreated samples) in terms of appearance, odor, color, firmness and flavor. Overall, the results suggest that eBeam at low doses (≤1 kGy) alone or in combination with MAP can be a unique approach for developing healthy vending items.
The Paroxetine 352 Bipolar Study Revisited: Deconstruction of Corporate and Academic Misconduct

Medical ghostwriting is the practice in which pharmaceutical companies engage an outside writer to draft a manuscript submitted for publication in the names of “honorary authors,” typically academic key opinion leaders. Using newly-posted documents from paroxetine litigation, we show how the use of ghostwriters and key opinion leaders contributed to the publication of a medical journal article containing manipulated outcome data to favor the proprietary medication. The article was ghostwritten and managed by SmithKline Beecham, now GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) and Scientific Therapeutics Information, Inc. without acknowledging their contribution in the published article. The named authors with financial ties to GSK, had little or no direct involvement in the paroxetine 352 bipolar trial results and most had not reviewed any of the manuscript drafts. The manuscript was originally rejected by peer review; however, its ultimate acceptance to the American Journal of Psychiatry was facilitated by the journal editor who also had financial ties to GSK. Thus, GSK was able to take an under-powered and non-informative trial with negative results and present it as a positive marketing vehicle for off-label promotion of paroxetine for bipolar depression. In addition to the commercial spin of paroxetine efficacy, important protocol-designated safety data were unreported that may have shown paroxetine to produce potentially harmful adverse events.
Food Insecure Students' Perceptions of Campus Climate: Implications for Social Work Educators and Practitioners.

An increasing number of college students are experiencing food insecurity. This study seeks to examine food insecurity through a campus climate lens. The campus climate lens is particularly relevan...
Separating dopamine D2 and D3 receptor sources of [11C]-(+)-PHNO binding potential: Independent component analysis of competitive binding.

Abstract Development of medications selective for dopamine D2 or D3 receptors is an active area of research in numerous neuropsychiatric disorders including addiction and Parkinson’s disease. The positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer [11C]-(+)-PHNO, an agonist that binds with high affinity to both D2 and D3 receptors, has been used to estimate relative receptor subtype occupancy by drugs based on a priori knowledge of regional variation in the expression of D2 and D3 receptors. The objective of this work was to use a data-driven independent component analysis (ICA) of receptor blocking scans to separate D2-and D3-related signal in [11C]-(+)-PHNO binding data in order to improve the precision of subtype specific measurements of binding and occupancy. Eight healthy volunteers underwent [11C]-(+)-PHNO PET scans at baseline and at two time points following administration of the D3-preferring antagonist ABT-728 (150–1000 ​mg). Parametric binding potential (BPND) images were analyzed as four-dimensional image series using ICA to extract two independent sources of variation in [11C]-(+)-PHNO BPND. Spatial source maps for each component were consistent with respective regional patterns of D2-and D3-related binding. ICA-derived occupancy estimates from each component were similar to D2-and D3-specific occupancy estimated from a region-based approach (intraclass correlation coefficients ​> ​0.95). ICA-derived estimates of D3 receptor occupancy improved quality of fit to a single site binding model. Furthermore, ICA-derived estimates of the regional fraction of [11C]-(+)-PHNO binding related to D3 receptors was generated for each subject and values showed good agreement with region-based model estimates and prior literature values. In summary, ICA successfully separated D2-and D3-related components of the [11C]-(+)-PHNO binding signal, establishing this approach as a powerful data-driven method to quantify distinct biological features from PET data composed of mixed data sources.
Chronic Aspiration Pneumonitis Caused by Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Fluid Fistulae of the Skull Base

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks of the skull base are associated with obesity, multiparity, and elevated intracranial pressure. Although spontaneous CSF leaks often present with rhinorrhea, they can be an underdiagnosed cause of chronic aspiration pneumonitis, a complication that has not been previously reported in detail. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case series. METHODS The authors retrospectively reviewed all patients undergoing surgical repair of CSF fistulae at the University of Southern California between 2011 and 2018 to identify those presenting with pulmonary symptoms including dyspnea, aspiration, chronic cough, and shortness of breath caused by chronic noniatrogenic CSF pneumonitis. RESULTS Symptomatic chronic pneumonitis was evident in six of 20 patients with spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea. Five women (mean body mass index = 36) had CSF leaks arising from the fovea ethmoidalis (n = 4) and lateral sphenoid region (n = 1). One man had a middle fossa floor dehiscence draining through the eustachian tube. All patients had bilateral ground-glass opacities in their lungs on computed tomography imaging that were attributed to spontaneous CSF fistulae arising from noniatrogenic skull base defects, and one patient underwent a biopsy of a lung lesion at another hospital showing chronic bronchiolitis and adjacent peribronchiolar metaplasia. Five patients underwent endoscopic endonasal repair using an autologous fascial graft and pedicled nasoseptal flap, and one underwent craniotomy for repair. All patients underwent successful repair with no complications or evidence of recurrence. Upon repair of the spontaneous CSF leaks, both pneumonitis symptoms and ground-glass opacities on imaging resolved in all six cases. CONCLUSIONS Skull base CSF fistulae should be considered as a reversible cause of chronic pneumonitis that is not alleviated or worsens with standard treatment. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Laryngoscope, 131:462-466, 2021.
Application of spatially resolved spectroscopy characterization techniques on Cu2ZnSnSe4 solar cells

Raman spectroscopy is named after C.V. Raman who observed the Raman effect for the first time in 1928. Today, Raman spectroscopy is widely used in various fields -from fundamental research to applied solutions. This spectroscopic technique takes advantage of light interaction with vibrational and rotational states of materials.
Association between Receipt of Intrapartum Magnesium Sulfate and Postpartum Hemorrhage

Objective The aim of the study is to investigate the association between intrapartum administration of magnesium sulfate in women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and postpartum hemorrhage. Study Design This was a retrospective cohort study of women diagnosed with a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy who delivered singleton gestations >32 weeks at a single, large volume tertiary care center between January 2006 and February 2015. Women who received intrapartum magnesium sulfate for seizure prophylaxis were compared with women who did not receive intrapartum magnesium sulfate. The primary outcome was frequency of postpartum hemorrhage. Secondary outcomes included estimated blood loss, uterine atony, and transfusion of packed red blood cells. Bivariable analyses were used to compare the frequencies of each outcome. Multivariable logistic regression models examined the independent associations of magnesium sulfate with outcomes. Results Of 2,970 women who met inclusion criteria, 1,072 (36%) received intrapartum magnesium sulfate. Women who received magnesium sulfate were more likely to be nulliparous, publicly insured, of minority race or ethnicity, earlier gestational age at delivery, and undergo labor induction. The frequency of postpartum hemorrhage was significantly higher among women who received magnesium sulfate compared with those who did not (12.4 vs. 9.3%, p = 0.008), which persisted after controlling for potential confounders. Of secondary outcomes, there was no difference in estimated blood loss between women who did and did not receive magnesium sulfate (250 mL [interquartile range 250–750] vs. 250 mL [interquartile range 250–750], p = 0.446). However, compared with women who did not receive magnesium sulfate, women who received magnesium sulfate had a greater frequency of uterine atony (8.9 vs 4.9%, p Conclusion Intrapartum magnesium sulfate administration to women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy is associated with increased odds of postpartum hemorrhage, uterine atony, and red blood cell transfusion.
Running while Black: A distinctive safety concern and barrier to exercise in White neighborhoods

While literature has shown that some Black Americans cite safety concerns as a barrier to outdoor activity in their neighborhoods for reasons related to violence, limitations in the built environment (e.g., lack of sidewalks), and even unleashed dogs, recent national events suggest that attention should also be directed toward the safety concerns of Black Americans living in neighborhoods that do not involve the commonly referenced issues above. In this timely commentary, the unique personal perspectives and internal dialogue of Black exercisers while navigating predominantly White neighborhoods, particularly those of higher socioeconomic status are discussed. This piece also includes discussion of how racial profiling incites hypervigilance and often fear in Black Americans attempting to exercise outdoors in White spaces. This is problematic, as it can discourage this incredibly positive health behavior that has been shown to mitigate obesity, cardiometabolic risk, and several other health disparities that continue to afflict Black communities. A collaborative effort inclusive of physical activity, public health/health disparity, and social science researchers is warranted to build a body of current scientific literature that elucidates and explores this particular safety concern in various Black outdoor enthusiasts.
Human evolution of gestural messaging and its critical role in the human development of music.

By fostering bonding (Mehr et al.; Savage et al.), music illustrates marvelously its ability to induce emotional experience. But, music can induce emotion more generally as well. To help explain how music fosters bonding and induces other emotions, I propose that music derives this power from the evolution of what I term “gestural messaging.”
Membrane-Inducing "Masquelet" Technique for Massive Traumatic Diaphyseal Femur Bone Loss in a Pediatric Patient: A Case Report.

CASE A 14-year-old boy sustained 22 cm of femur bone loss after a motor vehicle accident. The patient underwent treatment with the membrane-inducing "Masquelet" technique for management of the injury. The grafts incorporated to form new bone and fill-in the void. CONCLUSION Although the Masquelet technique is thoroughly described in adult orthopaedic trauma and oncology literature, there are minimal reports to support its use in pediatric patients. Five-year follow-up data on this patient concluded that utilization of this technique for significant bone defects proves to be a safe and effective alternative for the management of pediatric trauma patients.
SLAP Lesion: Part I. Pathophysiology and Diagnosis

Lesions of the superior glenoid labrum are a frequent source of injury and pain in the athlete. Numerous theories have been postulated to explain the etiology of such lesions, and the diagnosis of a clinically relevant SLAP tear remains a challenge based on the paucity of specific examination maneuvers and high frequency of concomitant shoulder pathology. Recent advances in soft tissue imaging and arthroscopic techniques have facilitated improvement in the diagnosis and treatment of these injuries. The superior bicipital–labral anchor complex may commonly demonstrate a high degree of anatomic variation, and it is imperative that an appropriate treatment plan be based on a thorough history, physical exam findings, multiplanar MR imaging, and findings at the time of surgery. Specifically in the overhead athlete, the constellation of altered shoulder kinematic must be assessed for and treated. Ultimately, successful treatment of such lesions requires a thorough understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease and the various modalities utilized for diagnosis.
Shapiro: Palimony and the Estate Tax

In Estate of Shapiro, the Ninth Circuit held that an individual had a valid palimony claim under Nevada state law. However, the issue was whether the decedent’s estate qualified for a deduction for that claim under federal estate tax law.
Design issues for a high-performance distributed shared memory on symmetrical multiprocessor clusters

Clusters of Symmetrical Multiprocessors (SMPs) have recently become the norm for high-performance economical computing solutions. Multiple nodes in a cluster can be used for parallel programming using a message passing library. An alternate approach is to use a software Distributed Shared Memory (DSM) to provide a view of shared memory to the application programmer. This paper describes Strings, a high performance distributed shared memory system designed for such SMP clusters. The distinguishing feature of this system is the use of a fully multi-threaded runtime system, using kernel level threads. Strings allows multiple application threads to be run on each node in a cluster. Since most modern UNIX systems can multiplex these threads on kernel level light weight processes, applications written using Strings can exploit multiple processors on a SMP machine. This paper describes some of the architectural details of the system and illustrates the performance improvements with benchmark programs from the SPLASH-2 suite, some computational kernels as well as a full fledged application. It is found that using multiple processes on SMP nodes provides good speedups only for a few of the programs. Multiple application threads can improve the performance in some cases, but other programs show a slowdown. If kernel threads are used additionally, the overall performance improves significantly in all programs tested. Other design decisions also have a beneficial impact, though to a lesser degree.
Toward an Anthropology of (Democratic) Citizenship Education

© 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Published 2011 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd. In recent years, discourses about citizenship have come to occupy center stage, in both contemporary political practice and academic scholarship. The salience of citizenship has certainly made itself felt in anthropology as well, but less so in our educational subfield. In this chapter, my aim is to explore the relationships between educational processes and citizenship education from an anthropological perspective. In doing so, I review (not exhaustively) a good deal of work in anthropology that probes these relationships, but I also argue that our patchwork conceptual frameworks in the anthropology of education have yet to catch up with the richness and complexity of citizenship education across both formal and informal educational domains. I hope to point the way toward a more coherent and unified approach. This chapter begins with an attempt to define citizenship and democracy, and to offer anthropological distinctions between formal and informal citizenship education, and between democratic and non-democratic citizenship education. From there, I discuss the history of our subfield’s engagement with citizenship education and political practice, and raise questions about our existing conceptual limitations. Next, I review a broad range of anthropological scholarship on what I would call citizenship education (even when the anthropologists themselves do not frame it as education), attempting to bring into critical dialogue the various ways that anthropologists have documented how citizens are formed. What follows is a brief personal narrative about Toward an Anthropology of (Democratic) Citizenship Education
The Road Not Taken: Catholic Legal Education at the Middle of the Twentieth Century

The Road Not Taken describes the history and animating themes of American Catholic legal education. The heart of The Road Not Taken is a now forgotten episode in the history of American legal education. In the late 1930s, a number of leading Catholic legal scholars issued a call for reform — a proposal which urged Catholic law schools to educate in a manner distinctive from their non-Catholic peers. While open to students from diverse faith backgrounds, the proponents of this reform argued that teaching and scholarship at Catholic law schools should be grounded in the Catholic intellectual tradition. As we demonstrate, however, this call for reform went unanswered. Had it succeeded, it could have profoundly changed both the landscape of legal education and the face of the legal profession.In this Article, we accomplish three goals. First, we describe the founding and early years of Catholic legal education. Second, we detail the national effort to reform Catholic legal education that began in the 1930s and which was driven, in large measure, by the rise of Legal Realism at home and the threat of totalitarianism abroad. Third, we explore the social, institutional, and historical reasons that explain why the reform effort failed.
Sleep fragmentation impairs ventilatory long-term facilitation via adenosine A1 receptors

Sleep fragmentation (SF), a primary feature of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), impairs hippocampal long-term potentiation and causes cognitive/attention deficits. However, its influence upon respiratory control has hardly been studied. This study examined the effect of SF on ventilatory long-term facilitation (LTF, a persistent augmentation of respiratory activity after episodic hypoxia) and the hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR), and investigated the role of adenosine A1 receptors in these SF effects in conscious adult male Sprague–Dawley rats. SF, confirmed by sleep architecture recordings, was achieved by periodic, forced locomotion in a rotating drum (30 s rotation/90 s stop for 24 h). LTF, elicited by five episodes of 5 min poikilocapnic hypoxia (10% O2) with 5 min intervals, was measured by plethysmography. Resting ventilation and metabolic rate were unchanged, HVR was reduced (150.6 ± 3.5%versus 110.4 ± 12.3%) and LTF was eliminated (22.6 ± 0.5%versus−0.1 ± 1.3%) shortly after 24 h SF. The SF-induced impairments were SF duration dependent, and completely reversible as HVR (< 24 h) and LTF (< 48 h) returned spontaneously to their pre-SF values. The SF-impaired HVR was improved (130.3 ± 4.2%) and SF-eliminated LTF was restored (19.6 ± 0.9%) by systemic injection of the adenosine A1 receptor antagonist 8-CPT (2.5 mg kg−1) ∼30 min before LTF elicitation. Both HVR and LTF were also similarly impaired by 24 h total sleep deprivation or 24 h repeated cage tapping-induced SF, but not by a 24 h locomotion control protocol for SF. Collectively, these data suggest that: (1) 24 h SF impairs LTF and poikilocapnic HVR; (2) these impairments require A1 receptors; and (3) SF of OSA may exacerbate OSA via impaired ventilatory control mechanisms.
Experience with non-cycled artificial urinary sphincters.

OBJECTIVE To report our experience in children and adolescents with a non-cycled artificial urinary sphincter. While some children with the AUS can void, others require clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) through the sphincter or an alternative site for catheterization; in some of the latter we have either not cycled (pumped) an activated AUS or the AUS has failed, and there is concern about ischaemia in some adults with a non-cycled AUS. PATIENTS AND METHODS In all, 143 patients who had an AUS placed between 1980 and 2002 were reviewed retrospectively; 15 (10 boys and five girls) no longer cycled (pumped) their AUS. The mean age at AUS insertion was 11 years and the mean (range) follow-up after insertion was 10.4 (1.64-22.2) years. The diagnoses included myelomeningocele in 11, sacral agenesis in three and cloaca in one. Nine patients have an activated functioning AUS and in six the AUS does not function; in the first nine the sphincter has not routinely been cycled (pumped) for a mean (range) of 1.6 (0.6-2.9) years. In the other six with a nonfunctioning AUS the mean (range) observation period is 6.4 (1.5-10) years since the system has not functioned. RESULTS All patients were completely continent, including the six with a nonfunctioning AUS. After inserting the AUS, two patients voided in combination with CIC (one each urethral and abdominal stoma) and 13 emptied by CIC (nine abdominal stoma, four urethral). There was a mechanical complication in eight patients; three had the AUS repaired and are dry, and five are dry with no repair. In one patient the AUS was never activated. To date there has been no erosion of the cuff in any of the 15 patients with a non-cycled AUS. CONCLUSION The AUS remains an extremely reliable procedure to achieve continence in children and young adults. It is versatile and can be combined with other procedures that provide an alternative means for catheterization. While some have noted the need to routinely cycle the AUS to prevent erosion, this has not been our experience in these 15 patients.
Degree-of-freedom requirements for hinged multibody satellites.

5 Beckenbach, E. F., Modern Mathematics for the Engineer, University of California Engineering Extension Series, McGrawHill, New York, 1961. 6 Geiger, F. W., "Hydrostatics of a Fluid in a Cylindrical Tank at Low Bond Numbers," TN R-207, July 1966, Brown Engineering Co. Inc. 7 Starling, P. P., "The Numerical Solutions of Laplace's Equation," British Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 14, 1963, pp. 603-604.
RESPONSES OF WETLAND INVERTEBRATES AND PLANTS IMPORTANT IN WATERFOWL DIETS TO BURNING AND MOWING OF EMERGENT VEGETATION

We examined the responses of invertebrates and plants important in waterfowl diets to two management methods (prescribed burning and mowing) commonly used in seasonal wetlands. Experimental plots were constructed in summer 1992 in stands of saltgrass (Distichlis spicata); 50% of the vegetation was removed in treatment areas (10 m × 10 m) by either burning or mowing. After the plots were flooded, we sampled aquatic invertebrates monthly from November 1992 through February 1993. In August 1993, we sampled plants that grew in areas that had been burned or mowed. Burning and mowing treatments had very different results. Many numerically dominant macroinvertebrates and microinvertebrates had higher densities in burned treatment areas than in unmanipulated control areas, but densities of most taxa were not different in mowed treatment areas and control areas. Copepod densities were lower in burned treatment areas and oligochaete densities were lower in mowed treatment areas than in control areas. Midge (Diptera: Chironomidae) biomass was higher in burned and mowed treatment areas than in control areas. Plant species richness and percent cover of some plant taxa were higher in burned areas than in control areas. Many of the invertebrates and plants we sampled are important in waterfowl diets, and our results indicate that these methods can enhance waterfowl food resources.
Persistent lip swelling

A 24-year-old man presented to the Oral Surgery clinic for evaluation of a swollen lower lip that had been present for 5 months (Figs 1, 2). The patient indicated that, aside from the swelling, the lip was asymptomatic. He described repeated episodes of lower lip swelling that would resolve in days to weeks. Currently the swelling was not improving and he believed that it was getting larger. The lower lip was firm, nontender, and did not show pitting edema when compressed. The patient’s medical history was noncontributory and he was not taking any medications.
Rapid light-induced activation of retinal microglia in mice lacking Arrestin-1

Microglia dynamically prune synaptic contacts during development, and digest waste that accumulates in degeneration and aging. In many neurodegenerative diseases, microglial activation and phagocytosis gradually increase over months or years, with poorly defined initial triggering events. Here, we describe rapid retinal microglial activation in response to physiological light levels in a mouse model of photoreceptor degeneration that arises from defective rhodopsin deactivation and prolonged signaling. Activation, migration and proliferation of microglia proceeded along a well-defined time course apparent within 12 h of light onset. Retinal imaging in vivo with optical coherence tomography revealed dramatic increases in light-scattering from photoreceptors prior to the outer nuclear layer thinning classically used as a measure of retinal neurodegeneration. This model is valuable for mechanistic studies of microglial activation in a well-defined and optically accessible neural circuit, and for the development of novel methods for detecting early signs of pending neurodegeneration in vivo.