cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ATRIAL FIBRILLATION AFTER THORACIC RADIOTHERAPY FOR CANCER: EXAMINING DIFFERENCES IN CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AT TIME OF DIAGNOSIS COMPARED WITH THE GENERAL POPULATION

Thoracic external beam radiation therapy (XRT) for cancer is associated with a variety of long-term cardiotoxic effects and may predispose to development of atrial fibrillation (AF). We aimed to examine presenting characteristics and comorbidities at time of incident AF in XRT-treated cancer
Quantum theory of a two-mode two-photon correlated spontaneous-emission laser

A quantum theory of a two-mode two-photon correlated spontaneous-emission laser is developed. It is shown that the quantum-noise quenching and even nonclassical effects can occur in both the average phase and relative amplitude of the two fields. Near threshold we find a maximum of 50% intracavity squeezing in the two-photon transition limit, with each of the average phase and the relative amplitude contributing 25% squeezing.
High-performance liquid chromatography of deferoxamine and ferrioxamine: interference by iron present in the chromatographic system

Abstract The assay of the complexed (ferrioxamine) and uncomplexed forms of deferoxamine, a strong iron(III) chelating agent, by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography was investigated. Complex formation with trace amounts of iron in the chromatographic system hinders the assay of deferoxamine by causing the appearance of unexpected peaks, reaction zones and variations in retention time. By purging the column with deferoxamine and using EDTA in the mobile phase, these adverse effects in the determination of deferoxamine were eliminated. No interference by iron contamination of the chromatographic system was found in the assay of ferrioxamine, which is facilitated by the strong absorption of the analyte at 430 nm.
Factors controlling the distribution of a subtropical corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

During this century the southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), has extended its range from subtropical Mexico into the United States, below 38° N latitude. This maize‐feeding insect is now found from Arizona east to Alabama and north to Kansas, Missouri, and Tennessee. The species has adapted to the shorter growing seasons, longer summer daylengths, and lower winter temperatures present in the southern US than are present in Mexico. Life history, morphological, and behavioral traits were compared for populations of D. grandiosella from southeastern Missouri and southcentral Mexico and revealed differentiation in a suite of characters, some of which show clear adaptation to a northern climate while others are obviously less adaptive. An electrophoretic comparison of enzymes from D. grandiosella from the central portion of its range in the US and from a population from southcentral Mexico indicated that considerable genetic differentiation has occurred. Quantitative genetic...
Photoelectric Work Functions of (100) and (111) Faces of Silver Single Crystals and Their Contact Potential Difference

The work functions of the (100) and (111) faces of silver single crystals have been determined photoelectrically by the Fowler method of analysis, and were compared with the contact potential difference measured by the Kelvin null method. The equilibrium value of the work function for the (100) face is 4.81\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01 ev, and that for the (111) face is 4.75\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01 ev. These values were obtained after heating for more than 2000 hours at various temperatures up to visible red heat. The gas pressure in the tube during the final stages of outgassing was between 1 and 3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}$ mm Hg with the crystals hot. Values of the measured contact potential difference obtained at frequent intervals during the outgassing agreed with the differences of the photoelectric work functions to within \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01 volt. After these equilibrium values were obtained the crystals became contaminated by an unidentified impurity from heated tantalum with the result that the photoelectric data no longer agreed with the Fowler theoretical curve or with the measured contact potential difference. The apparatus permitted deposition of silver from the vapor state onto the crystal faces, after two previous distillations of the silver had been made to eliminate gas effects. Presence of the contamination referred to above complicated the results following deposition, but evidence is presented to show that the deposited silver gave a more gas-free surface than heating alone. The rate of return of gas to the surface following the deposit was determined by a comparison of the experimental results with a theory presented by Emslie. The results are explained by postulating that long heating of the crystals produced a stable gas configuration of a monomolecular layer on their faces, and that deposition of a gas-free layer of silver produced a surface free of most, if not all, of this layer of gas. The work function of the gas-free surface is 0.09\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03 volt less than that of the underlying structure previous to deposit.
Kapitza resistance measurement using glass capacitors

Glass capacitors provide an inexpensive but precise method for measuring Kapitza resistance. A small piece of glass is coated with metal on two sides to form a capacitor which is then immersed in liquid helium. Once calibrated, the capacitor serves as a sensitive thermometer which can be heated ohmically and used to measure the Kapitza resistance between the helium and the metal or any coating placed over the metal. We discuss techniques for both preparing samples and measuring Kapitza resistance, including suggestions for future development.
Spatial topographies of unilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation efficacy for ipsilateral, contralateral, midline, and total Parkinson disease motor symptoms.

BACKGROUND Subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation is a successful intervention for medically refractory Parkinson disease, although its efficacy depends on optimal electrode placement. Even though the predominant effect is observed contralaterally, modest improvements in ipsilateral and midline symptoms are also observed. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the role of contact location of unilateral deep brain stimulation on contralateral, ipsilateral, and axial subscores of Parkinson disease motor symptoms. METHODS Eighty-six patients receiving first deep brain stimulation STN electrode placements were identified, yielding 73 patients with 3-month follow-up. Total preoperative and postoperative Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale Part III scores were obtained and divided into contralateral, ipsilateral, and midline subscores. Contact location was determined on immediate postoperative magnetic resonance imaging. A 3-dimensional ordinary "kriging" algorithm generated spatial interpolations for total, ipsilateral, contralateral, and midline symptom categories. Interpolative reconstructions were performed in the axial planes (z = -0.5, -1.0, -1.5, -3.5, -4.5, -6.0) and a sagittal plane (x = 12.0). Interpolation error and significance were quantified by use of a cross-validation technique and quantile-quantile analysis. RESULTS There was an overall reduction in Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale Part III symptoms: total = 37.0 ± 24.11% (P 0.92) and demonstrated regions of efficacy for each symptom category. Contralateral symptoms demonstrated broad regions of efficacy across the peri-STN area. The ipsilateral and midline regions of efficacy were constrained and located along the dorsal STN and caudal zona incerta. CONCLUSION We provide evidence for a unique functional topographic window in which contralateral, ipsilateral, and midline structures may achieve the best efficacy. Although there are overlapping regions, laterality demonstrates distinct topographies. Surgical optimization should target the intersection of optimal regions for these symptom categories.
Biological tuning of synthetic tactics in solid-phase synthesis: application to A beta(1-42).

The β-amyloid(1−42) sequence has long been recognized as a challenging target for solid-phase peptide synthesis. We found that the known disaggregating role of Met-35 sulfoxide could be capitalized during stepwise solid-phase assembly of the Aβ(1−42) peptide chain to mitigate on-resin peptide chain aggregation, a presumed major source of synthetic difficulties. Furthemore, we demonstrate a hitherto-unreported on-resin reduction of the sulfoxide “aggregation protecting group” to allow for standard cleavage protocols, obviating a separate solution-phase sulfoxide reduction step.
Transient crack growth under creep conditions due to grain-boundary cavitation

Abstract I n a material that deforms both elastically and by power-law creep, the time-dependent continuum stress field around the tip of a growing crack under small-scale-yielding conditions evolves in three regions, each dominated by a singular, asymptotic crack-tip solution. A fracture criterion based on creep growth of grain-boundary cavities is used to investigate transient crack growth (from a stationary position) under constant load (i.e. constant elastic stress-intensity factor, K1) and small-scale-yielding conditions. The governing nonlinear integral equation is solved numerically for various levels of applied load, while the steady-state solution is obtained explicitly. Depending on the load level, five different growth histories are observed. The transient solutions demonstrate that stable steady-state growth exists only under the condition that the region dominated by crack growth effects is smaller than the fracture process zone, and in that case, $ a ∞ KnI where n is the creep exponent. For low values of the applied stress-intensity factor the crack tends to decelerate to an unstable steady-state velocity.
Planning for microcomputer services

In January 1982, the Instruction and Research Computer Center (IRCC) began providing a new service to the University through the Microcomputer Services Group. This group provides consulting, education, and referral services for the University community in the rapidly growing domain of microcomputers.
Avian Models for Toxicity Testing

The use of birds as test models in experimental and environmental toxicology as related to health effects is reviewed, and an overview of descriptive tests routinely used in wildlife toxicology is provided. Toxicologic research on birds may be applicable to human health both directly by their use as models for mechanistic and descriptive studies and indirectly as monitors of environmental quality. Topics include the use of birds as models for study of teratogenesis and embryotoxicity, neurotoxicity, behavior, trends of environmental pollution, and for use in predictive wildlife toxicology. Uses of domestic and wild-captured birds are discussed.
Inflammatory Breast Cancer: Novel Preoperative Therapies

The treatment of inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) has been hampered by the diagnostic rarity of the disease and its consequent inclusion in clinical trials of preoperative treatment for the more indolent locally advanced breast cancer (LABC). Patients with IBC have a 2-fold greater probability of dying of their disease compared with patients diagnosed with LABC. The aggressive clinical portrait of IBC supports the recent investigative focus on determining molecular changes specific to IBC and developing novel systemic therapies that will favorably affect its poor disease prognosis. A significant amount of laboratory research has been involved in defining a specific "inflammatory signature" for IBC, denoting molecular changes consistently found in IBC. This work has involved human IBC tissue and cell lines and has demonstrated overexpression of several molecules governing metastatic dissemination, such as overexpression of E-cadherin concurrent with a dysfunctional mucin 1. An increased prevalence of mutant TP53, overexpression of RhoC, and vascular endothelial growth factor-A has been found to contribute to the dominant influence of angiogenesis in this disease. A greater understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing the pathophysiology of IBC has led to the development and clinical application of novel targeting agents for preoperative therapy. This study reviews the advances in molecular understanding of IBC and focuses on the efficacy of therapies that target the epidermal growth factor pathway and angiogenesis as well as early investigational therapies involving RhoC and TP53.
Self-replication and splitting of domain patterns in reaction-diffusion systems with the fast inhibitor.

An asymptotic equation of motion for the pattern interface in the domain-forming reaction-diffusion systems is derived. The free boundary problem is reduced to the universal equation of nonlocal contour dynamics in two dimensions in the parameter region where a pattern is not far from the points of the transverse instabilities of its walls. The contour dynamics is studied numerically for the reaction-diffusion system of the FitzHugh-Nagumo type. It is shown that in the asymptotic limit the transverse instability of the localized domains leads to their splitting and formation of the multidomain pattern rather than fingering and formation of the labyrinthine pattern. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
VEGF increases permeability of the endothelial cell monolayer by activation of PKB/akt, endothelial nitric-oxide synthase, and MAP kinase pathways.

VEGF is a key regulator of vascular permeability. However, its signaling pathways are incompletely understood. We tested the hypothesis that VEGF regulates endothelial cell (EC) permeability by activating PKB/akt, NOS, and MAP kinase dependent pathways using human umbilical vein EC (HUVEC). Permeability was measured from FITC-dextran 70-kDa flux across the EC monolayer at baseline and after VEGF at 0.034, 0.068, 1, 10, and 100 nM. VEGF increased HUVEC permeability to FITC-dextran in a dose-dependent manner. VEGF (1 nM) increased permeability from 3.9 x 10(-6) +/- 0.7 x 10(-6) to 14.0 x 10(-6) +/- 1.7 x 10(-6) cm/s (mean +/- SEM; P < 0.001). Permeability changes were also assessed after treatment with 1, 10, and 100 nM wortmannin (PI 3-kinase inhibitor); 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 nM LY294002 (PI 3-kinase inhibitor); 200 microM l-NMMA (NOS inhibitor); 2.7 microM AG126 (p42/44(MAPK) inhibitor); and 0.006, 0.06, and 0.6 microM SB203580 (p38(MAPK) inhibitor). All inhibitors blocked VEGF-induced permeability changes. Our data demonstrate that (1) VEGF increases permeability of EC monolayers in a dose-dependent fashion, and (2) VEGF-induced permeability is mediated through PI-3 kinase-PKB, NOS, and MAP-kinase signaling cascades. These observations suggest that microvascular hyperpermeability associated with inflammation and vascular disease is mediated by activation of these EC signaling pathways.
HH2 collision integrals and transport coefficients

Abstract The transport cross sections and collision integrals for H H 2 interactions have been calculated from the results of accurate ab initio structure calculations using sudden scattering approximations. The low-temperature diffusion and viscosity coefficients agree well with the results of a close-coupling scattering calculation. The values calculated from the potential energies deduced from scattering measurements are in agreement with the theoretical results. The viscosity coefficients for H H and H 2 H 2 have also been calculated; the H 2 H 2 results are very close to the measured data for temperatures in the range 200–400 K.
Mediating B Lymphocyte Activation by the CR2/CD19 Complex

The growth and differentiation of lymphocytes are controlled in part by antigen receptors. These receptors, especially in naive B cells, have broad reactivity but relatively low affinity. This leads to several problems. B cells must have mechanisms for responding to low concentrations of antigen, because waiting until pathogenic “ligands” approach the Kd of the appropriate antigen receptors would be lethal for the host. In addition, mechanisms must exist that alter the outcome of ligation of this receptor, depending on the nature (self versus non-self) and/or context (bone marrow, tissue, lymphoid follicle) of the antigen to elicit different cellular responses such as escape from the bone marrow, antigen presentation, proliferation, maintenance of viability in a germinal center and differentiation into antibody secreting cells.
The inoculum effect and band-pass bacterial response to periodic antibiotic treatment

The inoculum effect (IE) refers to the decreasing efficacy of an antibiotic with increasing bacterial density. It represents a unique strategy of antibiotic tolerance and it can complicate design of effective antibiotic treatment of bacterial infections. To gain insight into this phenomenon, we have analyzed responses of a lab strain of Escherichia coli to antibiotics that target the ribosome. We show that the IE can be explained by bistable inhibition of bacterial growth. A critical requirement for this bistability is sufficiently fast degradation of ribosomes, which can result from antibiotic-induced heat-shock response. Furthermore, antibiotics that elicit the IE can lead to 'band-pass' response of bacterial growth to periodic antibiotic treatment: the treatment efficacy drastically diminishes at intermediate frequencies of treatment. Our proposed mechanism for the IE may be generally applicable to other bacterial species treated with antibiotics targeting the ribosomes.
Iterative Set Expansion of Named Entities Using the Web

Set expansion refers to expanding a partial set of "seed" objects into a more complete set. One system that does set expansion is SEAL (set expander for any language), which expands entities automatically by utilizing resources from the Web in a language independent fashion. In a previous study, SEAL showed good set expansion performance using three seed entities; however, when given a larger set of seeds (e.g., ten), SEAL's expansion method performs poorly. In this paper, we present iterative SEAL (iSEAL), which allows a user to provide many seeds. Briefly, iSEAL makes several calls to SEAL, each call using a small number of seeds. We also show that iSEAL can be used in a "bootstrapping" manner, where each call to SEAL uses a mixture of user-provided and self-generated seeds. We show that the bootstrapping version of iSEAL obtains better results than SEAL even when using fewer user-provided seeds. In addition, we compare the performance of various ranking algorithms used in iSEAL, and show that the choice of ranking method has a small effect on performance when all seeds are user-provided, but a large effect when iSEAL is bootstrapped. In particular, we show that random walk with restart is nearly as good as Bayesian sets with user-provided seeds, and performs best with bootstrapped seeds.
An amino-acid taste receptor

The sense of taste provides animals with valuable information about the nature and quality of food. Mammals can recognize and respond to a diverse repertoire of chemical entities, including sugars, salts, acids and a wide range of toxic substances. Several amino acids taste sweet or delicious (umami) to humans, and are attractive to rodents and other animals. This is noteworthy because L-amino acids function as the building blocks of proteins, as biosynthetic precursors of many biologically relevant small molecules, and as metabolic fuel. Thus, having a taste pathway dedicated to their detection probably had significant evolutionary implications. Here we identify and characterize a mammalian amino-acid taste receptor. This receptor, T1R1+3, is a heteromer of the taste-specific T1R1 and T1R3 G-protein-coupled receptors. We demonstrate that T1R1 and T1R3 combine to function as a broadly tuned L-amino-acid sensor responding to most of the 20 standard amino acids, but not to their D-enantiomers or other compounds. We also show that sequence differences in T1R receptors within and between species (human and mouse) can significantly influence the selectivity and specificity of taste responses.
Vertical Migration of Petroleum Into Carboniferous and Permian Deposits of the Volga-Ural Province

A study of the physico-chemical data for crudes in all structures of the II order, with two or more producing intervals, in the Volga-Ural province leads to the following conclusions: 1) in most instances, the crudes of such structures are either light (specific gravity, 0.810-0.860) or heavy (0.870-0.910); 2) for most structures, the crudes are quite similar within each structure, irrespective of the age of the reservoir rocks. Most crudes, of any age, within the Saratov-Volgagrad region, are naphthenic; they are methane elsewhere in the Volga-Ural province. Thus the group hydrocarbon composition of crudes is different for different tectonic zones; however, it is consistent within the individual structures of II order. The data undoubtedly suggest a genetic affinity of the Paleozoic crudes, and consequently their upward movement into the Carboniferous and Permian deposits. A corollary is that vertical migration rather than lateral was the more important factor. Faults and fractures, present in the Volga-...
Complete Genome Sequence of a Newly Identified Porcine Astrovirus Genotype 3 Strain US-MO123

Astrovirus (AstV) infections are among the most common causes of gastroenteritis and are also associated with extraintestinal manifestations in humans and many animals. Herein, for the first time, the complete genome sequence of newly identified porcine astrovirus genotype 3 (PAstV3) strain US-MO123 was determined. Sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis showed that PAstV3 has the closest relationship with mink AstV and the human AstV strains VA1, VA2, and SG, indicating the same ancestral origin and zoonotic potential of the virus.
Effect of Beauveria bassiana (Fungi: Hyphomycetes) on fecundity of the Russian wheat aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae)

Ten-d-old apterae of Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia Kurdyumov, (25 per treatment) were inoculated with conidial suspensions (106 conidia per ml) of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, isolate SGBB 8601, or with sterile water, then caged individually on wheat seedlings. Temperature was maintained at 22 ± 3°C, and relative humidity was kept at ≥95% for 24 hand ≈85% subsequently. Each aphid was monitored daily over 14 d for mortality and nymph production. All newborn nymphs and dead adults were removed and plated. The experiment was performed four times. B. bassiana significantly increased aphid mortality (mean mortality due to mycosis, 82%). Over the 14-d period, untreated adults produced significantly more nymphs (37.8 ± 4.5) (mean ± SE) than did Beauveria -treated adults (14.3 ± 1.6). However, the pathogen did not affect nymph production by individual aphids (mean, 3.3 nymphs per d per aphid for both treatments). Thus, treatment differences in total reproduction were caused by differential mortality rather than differential reproduction rates of individuals. Most (>99%) nymphs produced from infected adults were uninfected.
Relationships of Selected Nonacademic and Academic Variables To the Grade Point Average of Black Students

An analysis of correlations of the data mainly from 164 male and 202 female black undergraduate students indicated that (a) a weighted set of measures of manifest needs (Edwards Personal Preference Schedule) correlated significantly with the grade point average (GPA) for the males (R = .53, df = 15/148, F = 3.84, p < .001) but not for the females (R = .30, df = 15/186, F = 1.20, ns), (b) a weighted composite of measures of personal problems (Mooney Problem Check List) correlated significantly with the GPA for both the males ( R = .47, df = 11 / 152, F = 3.86, p < .001) and the females (R = .36, df = 11/190, F = 2.48, p < .005), (c) manifest anxiety (Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale) correlated significantly with the GPA for the male students only (r = -.22, df = 162, p < .005), and (d) the scholastic aptitudes (American College Testing) correlated significantly with the GPA for both male ( R = .48, df = 5/108, F = 6.40, p < .001) and female students (R = .50, df = 5/139, F = 9.34, p < .001).
On the role of file system metadata in digital forensics

Most of the effort in today's digital forensics community lies in the retrieval and analysis of existing information from computing systems. Little is being done to increase the quantity and quality of the forensic information on today's computing systems. In this paper we pose the question of what kind of information is desired on a system by a forensic investigator. We give an overview of the information that exists on current systems and discuss its shortcomings. We then examine the role that file system metadata play in digital forensics and analyze what kind of information is desirable for different types of forensic investigations, how feasible it is to obtain it, and discuss issues about storing the information.
Net-centric Cooperative Tracking of Moving Targets

The cooperative stand-off line-of-sight (CSLOS) tracking of a mobile target by two UA has been demonstrated through a series of experiments conducted at an outdoor range. All computational and decision making processes were performed entirely onboard each UA, requiring no outside input other than an ID for the target. Communications for coordination were performed strictly plane to plane, with the possibility of a “hop” through a relay node for greater range or reliability for the transmission. A ground node was maintained for the collection of network and sensor data, but remained simply a passive device on the network. The extensibility of the design was demonstrated through a hardware-in-the-loop (HWIL) simulation of a three plane cooperative tracking. The ability to perform both the experiment and simulation were enabled through the extension of an existing networked command, control and communications infrastructure.
Revisionism Reconsidered: Exports and American Intervention in World War I

Why did the United States intervene in World War I, breaking with its long tradition of noninvolvement in European political and military conflicts? During the 1920s and 1930s, many “revisionist” historians argued that American efforts to protect its trade with the Allies ultimately led to intervention. The logic of the revisionist position closely parallels the contemporary liberal case that interdependence promotes peace but arrives at different conclusions about the relationship between trade and conflict. Historians have largely abandoned this economic interpretation of American intervention, but data on the impact of the wartime export boom on the United States suggest that it should be reconsidered. The export boom was so large that it would have been difficult to ignore, and its progress corresponds to the timing of important decisions leading to American belligerency. An analysis of congressional voting on war-related measures also suggests that export income helped shape politicians' views of the war.I would like to thank Katherine Barbieri, John Coogan, David Clark, Jeffry Frieden, Jack Levy, Brian Lai, Timothy McKeown, David Painter, Strom Thacker, and participants in the world politics workshop at Binghamton University, the political economy workshop at Harvard University, and the Department of Political Science at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, for their many comments and suggestions on earlier versions of this article. Lisa Martin and several anonymous reviewers at International Organization also made many valuable suggestions. I am especially grateful to Thomas Walker, whose good-natured skepticism prompted me to write this paper. An earlier version of this article was presented at the 2005 annual meeting of the American Political Science Association. Any remaining errors and misinterpretations are my responsibility.
A review of marine anthropogenic CO2 definitions: introducing a thermodynamic approach based on observations

A review of existing methods that define anthropogenic CO 2 as deduced from total inorganic carbon is presented. A refined approach to define anthropogenic CO 2 is introduced that has a stronger thermodynamic orientation than current methods, and is based on a back-calculation technique by Chen and Millero and Poisson and Chen. Anthropogenic CO 2 results of the new technique are compared with results from the original technique as well as with results of the technique of Gruber et al. The new technique is furthermore applied to three time-separated data sets in the subpolar North Atlantic and shows consistent results with regard to available data quality and anthropogenic CO 2 quantities. The difference between the new thermodynamic approach and the anthropogenic CO 2 definition of Gruber et al., which is termed mechanistic, is discussed. Here likely changes in the CO 2 solubility pump are a thermodynamic property of this definition, whereas it is a separate phenomenon in the mechanistic definition. The thermodynamic approach is not without caveats, but points to improvements by the synergistic use of model results and those from observations. Future improvements are considered for the initial saturation state of oxygen and CO 2 , at the instant the surface water loses contact with the atmosphere and for variations in the Redfield ratio. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2005.00173.x
Resistance of Solid-Phase U(VI) to Microbial Reduction during In Situ Bioremediation of Uranium-Contaminated Groundwater

Speciation of solid-phase uranium in uranium-contaminated subsurface sediments undergoing uranium bioremediation demonstrated that although microbial reduction of soluble U(VI) readily immobilized uranium as U(IV), a substantial portion of the U(VI) in the aquifer was strongly associated with the sediments and was not microbially reducible. These results have important implications for in situ uranium bioremediation strategies.
Thermal Modeling of the Optical Fiber Drawing Process

A new general method for determining the local dimensionless heat convection coefficient (Nusselt number) and the temperature distribution in thin and thick optical fibers during the drawing process was developed. The axial heat transfer by conduction was included in the analysis as an addition to previously developed models. The developed model can serve as a general thermal solver for thin ( 200μm in dia.) fibers. The general method was compared with existing methods and it was found to be in agreement in the case of thin fiber analysis but not in the case of thick fiber analysis, where axial conduction effects are significant. Results of a parametric study to examine the effects of diameter of fiber and drawing speed on the temperature distribution are presented.
Human diploid fibroblast cells in senescence; Cycling through polyploidy to mitotic cells

Previously, it was found that senescent cells can undergo a modified cell cycle with mitotic cells as the end results. The major cycling events started with polyploidization, followed by depolyploidization to multinucleated cells (MNCs). These latter cells produced mononuclear offspring cells that could express mitotic cell divisions. In this report the emphasis is on late senescent fibroblasts that exhibited the senescence-associated change in cell morphology to large flat cells. Prior to live cell photography, flat cell cultures were maintained for months in the same culture flasks and therefore judged to be in a late senescent phase. All of the cellular events outlined above were present in these old cell cultures. Time lapse pictures showed movements of mitotic daughter cells away from each other and alignment of the chromosomes on the metaphase plate was visible in other mitotic cells. These data challenge the common view that cell senescence is irreversible and, therefore, an antitumor mechanism. A new finding was that the spike in polyploid cells in the near senescent phase consisted of cells with pairs of sister chromosomes from endoreduplication of DNA (two rounds of DNA synthesis and no mitosis). The lack of cells with 92 single chromosomes (e.g., G2 tetraploid cells) suggested that these polyploid cells also went through a changed cell cycle. The question now is whether these atypical polyploid cells are a subpopulation in senescence that can undergo the cycling from polyploidy to genome-reduced mitotic cells.
High density spectral fringe analysis

Interpolation to an evenly spaced frequency domain is shown to introduce errors in phase retrieval from spectral interferograms with dense fringes. A simple method for performing phase retrieval without interpolation is presented.
WHAT IS MORPHOLOGY

What is Morphology? Mark Aronoff and Kirsten Fudeman. Oxford: Blackwell, 2005. Pp. xvii + 257. $29.95 paper.This text introduces its readers to a wide range of morphological properties in multiple languages, including Standard American English and a number of typologically different languages (including Chinese, Vietnamese, Tagalog, Ancient Greek, Larike, and Jujamaat Joola). Each chapter is accompanied by examples in addition to morphological problems and exercises that contain data from multiple languages. Chapter 1 provides basic definitions of terminologies in morphology. Chapter 2 examines multiple types and definitions of words and lexemes and the effects of stress and affixation in different languages. Chapter 3 investigates the morphophonemic properties (including allomorphs, reduplication, and vowel harmony) of languages. Chapter 4 discusses different aspects of derivational morphology (including compounding, zero-derivation, and affixation), whereas chapter 6 explores the semantics involved in derivational morphology in different languages. Chapter 7 analyzes different kinds of inflectional morphology, with a focus on how it is different from derivational morphology across languages. Both universal and language-specific morphosyntactic processes in different languages are examined in this chapter, and chapter 8 investigates issues of morphological productivity with emphasis on different constraints on morphological processes observed in different languages.
Causal Influences in the Human Brain During Face Discrimination: A Short-Window Directed Transfer Function Approach

In this letter, we considered the application of parametric spectral analysis, namely a short-window directed transfer function (DTF) approach, to multichannel electroencephalography (EEG) data during a face discrimination task. We identified causal influences between occipitoparietal and centrofrontal electrode sites, the timing of which corresponded to previously reported EEG face-selective components. More importantly we present evidence that there are both feedforward and feedback influences, a finding that is in direct contrast to current computational models of perceptual discrimination and decision making which tend to favor a purely feedforward processing scheme
Breast fine-needle aspirates with scant cellularity are clinically useful.

Abstract Introduction Fine-needle aspirates (FNAs) with scant cellularity are considered inadequate by current cytopathology standards. We hypothesized that such aspirates are clinically useful. Methods A 10-year database of palpable breast lumps evaluated by FNA-based triple test (TT; FNA, breast imaging studies, and clinical breast examination) and triple test scores (TTSs; 3–9) was examined to identify FNAs with scant cellularity but without evidence of malignancy (negative SC-FNAs). These FNAs were correlated with the occurrence of any subsequent cancers (false-negative SC-FNAs) and with TTSs. Results Among a total of 324 negative SC-FNAs, 9 cancers were subsequently found at sampled sites. Seven were associated with a suspicious or malignant TTS (scores of 5 or greater) and therefore still correctly diagnosed as malignant or suspicious for malignancy. The remaining two cancers were missed by both SC-FNA and TTS (false-negative rate for TTS of 0.6%); both had scores of 4 because of suspicious imaging. Conclusions Scantly cellular but negative FNAs are useful (can avoid unnecessary invasive breast biopsy) in the evaluation of palpable breast masses, especially when interpreted in the context of the TT and TTS.
Effect of emulsion based drug delivery systems on rate of drug release and intestinal permeability enhancement

Emulsion based drug delivery systems have shown great promise for enhancing oral bioavailability yet have not been widely commercially utilized, largely due to lack of mechanistic understanding of their function. Major functional properties of emulsion-based drug delivery systems, permeability enhancement and drug release, were studied and statistically related to a broad range of formulation properties through Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and regression analysis. Three surfactants with a high, medium and low Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balance (HLB) value and three structurally different oils (long chain triglyceride, medium chain triglyceride and propylene glycol dicaprylate/dicaprate) were combined at three oil to surfactant ratios. Heterogeneous formulations of low HLB (HLB=10) surfactant had a toxic effect on cells at high (≫50%) surfactant concentrations, which may be an indication of importance of formulation stability for decreasing toxicity. Electrical resistance indicated that high HLB surfactant, Tween 80, loosens tight junction at high (≫50%) surfactant concentrations. Release coefficients from each emulsion system were calculated. Incorporation of long chain triglyceride, Soybean oil, as the oil phase altered rate of release from oil droplets whereas high surfactant demonstrated a retarding effect.
Obsidian Polyhedral Cores and Prismatic Blades in the Writing and Art of Ancient Mexico

The widespread appearance of obsidian prismatic blades and polyhedral cores in ancient Mexican writing and art provides important information regarding ancient mesoamerican lithic technology. One common central Mexican epigraphic convention, a hooklike black element, is identified as a curving prismatic blade, here providing the phonetic value itz. The placement of blade segments on the edges of wooden clubs is one of the most commonly cited uses of prismatic blades. However, it will be noted that representations of such clubs are extremely rare until the Late Postclassic period. Rather than primarily serving as bladed edging on wooden weapons, prismatic blades were more commonly used as lancets and razors. Postclassic and early Colonial depictions of prismatic blades in use reveal that they were usually held directly in the hand, with no attempt at hafting.
Pennsylvania smartweed interference and achene production in cotton

Abstract Studies were conducted to determine the effect of interference between Pennsylvania smartweed and cotton on plant growth and productivity. Pennsylvania smartweed remained shorter than cotton until at least 80 d after cotton planting. However, Pennsylvania smartweed produced considerable dry biomass by cotton harvest. Pennsylvania smartweed biomass per plant was not affected by weed density when grown with cotton. When grown alone, Pennsylvania smartweed produced 1,640 and 2,060 g dry biomass plant−1 depending on the year. This biomass was over four times greater than the biomass produced by plants grown with cotton. Cotton lint yield decreased between 1.3 and 1.1 kg ha−1 with each gram increase in weed dry biomass per meter of row. The relationship between Pennsylvania smartweed density and cotton percent yield loss was described by the hyperbolic function. The estimated coefficients a (maximum yield loss as density approaches infinity) and i (yield loss per unit density as density approaches zer...
The National WIC Evaluation: evaluation of the Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children. VII. Study of food expenditures

Recalls of monthly family food expenditure, taken before and after maternal WIC benefits, were obtained from 4,219 WIC and 785 control women; 1-wk expenditure diaries (at follow-up) were obtained from 1,031 WIC and 551 control women chosen randomly. Control families had higher incomes, spent more on groceries and in restaurants, and received fewer food stamp benefits. Women probably underreported the value of WIC benefits by recall (WIC vouchers are not dollar denominated). Although control families were more affluent, there were consistent effects of children's WIC benefits on weekly family grocery expenditure by diary ($6.10, p less than 0.05) and by recall ($2.14, p less than 0.01, and $1.48, p less than 0.05). WIC benefits to infants were associated with very large (but not significant) increments in grocery spending by diary ($7.57). WIC benefits to the pregnant woman were strongly associated with larger amounts of WIC food entering the household (as were infant and child benefits) but effects on grocery spending were unclear.
Effect of Graded Levels of Insulin on Feed Consumption in Normal Female Rats.

SummaryIn a group of 24 normal mature female rats weighing 240 g, the mean daily food consumed was 13.3 g and 5.6 g/100 g body weight (bw). During a period of 78 days body weight increased 30 g. Feed consumption/day increased slightly during this period but it was related to increasing bw as shown by a lack of an increase/100 g bw. Mean daily feed intake was determined also in a group of 30 female rats weighing a mean of 242 g. Feed intake was 13.7 g/day and 5.7 g/100 g bw. During 78 days they gained 53 g. As the insulin level was increased daily feed consumption increased up to 20.2 g/day or a 48% increase and 6.9 g/100 g bw, an increase of 21%. This indicates that insulin increased feed intake in excess of the feed required for the gain in weight. All rats survived insulin at 3 unit level. As the insulin was increased further, an increasing number of rats failed to survive and at the 6 unit level only 10 rats survived.
Heart bioassay of effluent of isolated, perfused guinea pig hearts to examine the role of metabolites regulating coronary flow during hypoxia.

The concentrations of adenosine and other metabolic factors are known to be altered in the effluent of hypoxic hearts, but the relative contribution of these factors in elevating coronary flow has not been clarified. Langendorff prepared guinea pig hearts were perfused at constant pressure and were made mildly hypoxic so that flow increased but oxygen consumption remained unchanged. When the effluent of these hearts was reoxygenated and pH conrrected and directed to perfuse similarly prepared recipient (bioassay) hearts, flow remained unchanged in recipient hearts. However, when donor hearts were made severely hypoxic so that oxygen consumption decreased, and recipient hearts were perfused at constant flow, the\(P_{O_2 } \), pH corrected effluent produced a large vasodilation in recipient hearts. This response was greatly attenuated in the presence of excess adenosine deaminase but completely abolished by theophylline. Thus the apparent loss of adenine compounds into the effluent may account for vasodilation during severe hypoxia, but not during mild hypoxia, if effluent levels of these compounds truly reflect perivascular levels.
The Enthalpies of Combustion and Formation of Linear Polyethylene.

The enthalpies of combustion and formation of two samples of linear polyethylene which differ only in the degree of crystallinity have been determined in an oxygen bomb calorimeter. For the two samples the degree of crystallinity, the enthalpy of combustion at 298.15 K, and the enthalpy of formation at 298.15 K, were respectively: 72 percent, -651.16 ± 0.12 kJ · mol-1, -28.18 ± 0.13 kJ · mol-1 for the less crystalline sample; and 96 percent, -650.27 ± 0.12 kJ · mol-1 and -29.08 ± 0.12 kJ · mol-1 for the more crystalline sample. The values are per mole of CH2. Uncertainties listed are estimates of accuracy of approximate 95 percent confidence limits. The results of previous determinations by other investigators are discussed briefly.
Polymer micelle assisted transport and delivery of model hydrophilic components inside a biological lipid vesicle: a coarse-grain simulation study.

Understanding drug transportation and delivery mechanism from a molecular viewpoint is essential to find better treatment pathways. Despite the fact that many significant drugs such as anticancer doxorubicin and mitoxantrone are predominantly hydrophilic, an efficient methodology to deliver hydrophilic drug components is not well established. Here we explore this problem by studying “patchy” polymeric micelle assisted hydrophilic component transportation across a lipid membrane and delivery inside a biological lipid vesicle. Using the MARTINI force field as the basis, we study the interaction of polymeric micelle with DPPC lipid vesicles in detail. In order to facilitate hydrophilic drug transportation study, a primitive CG model for hydrophilic drug component is used. Extensive simulations carried out over hundreds of nanoseconds demonstrate successful encapsulation, transportation of hydrophilic components by patchy polymeric micelles. Results show the polymeric micelle releases a significant portion of...
The future of interventional pulmonology

Interventional pulmonology (IP) is a maturing subspecialty of pulmonary medicine focused on advanced diagnostic and therapeutic pulmonary and thoracic medical procedures for a variety of illnesses. This rapidly growing field requires highly specific knowledge and skill sets beyond its parent specialty. While the future of IP will continue to show growth, we postulate on a few upcoming technologies which may influence the field and discuss some of the challenges associated with growth in IP.
Teacher preparation for movement education: increasing pre-service teachers’ competence for working with young children

ABSTRACTThis study explores pre-service teachers’ perceptions of movement education, the benefits they perceive from participating in a 12-week movement education module in a course on play, and the module’s effects on their confidence and competence in regard to incorporating movement into a curriculum. Findings suggest that the pre-service teachers achieved a deeper understanding of movement education and appreciated the module as a worthwhile professional growth experience. Specifically, they viewed the module as enabling them to build a new understanding of movement, to express themselves physically, to develop movement skills, to engage in social interactions, and to teach a variety of subjects using movement education principles. The study demonstrated that the module of this nature constitutes a useful educational tool for fostering the professional development of pre-service teachers in regard to their beliefs, attitudes, and skills pertaining to movement education.
Penetrating Neck Trauma: An Unusual Case Presentation and Review of the Literature.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this report is to describe a case of a retained projectile metal object to the neck that occurred after airbag deployment during a motor vehicle accident. METHODS: Case report with literature review. RESULTS: After a motor vehicle accident on the interstate, a 19-year-old man presents to the emergency department for several open extremity fractures, a neck laceration, and a C1 lateral mass fracture. The trauma surgery team repaired the neck laceration with no further evidence of injury. Several weeks later on follow-up, the patient presents with dysphagia and pain when turning his head to the right. A repeat computed tomography angiography (CTA) scan revealed a metallic foreign body in the left posterior pharyngeal, prevertebral soft tissues, which was subsequently removed during exploratory surgery 2 months after his initial accident. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report, to our knowledge, of a projectile metal object to the neck that may be related to airbag deployment. The car involved in this accident was under recall for airbags that were associated with projectile objects, which warrants further investigation into the possible risks of such airbags.© The Author(s) 2016. Language: en