cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Opportunities for cystic fibrosis care teams to support treatment adherence

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to identify the extent to which pediatric and adult cystic fibrosis (CF) care teams implement best practices in adherence assessment and counseling. Methods All US CF Foundation accredited programs were invited to participate in a web-based survey; 80% (92/115) of pediatric and 40% (38/95) of adult centers participated. Health care providers reported on current approaches and barriers to implementing adherence promotion practices. Results 64% discussed adherence at every clinic visit while only 8% used an objective assessment of adherence. Most centers reported frequent use of strategies to increase knowledge; behavioral and support strategies were used less regularly. Several barriers to adherence promotion were reported. Conclusions Many opportunities exist for care teams to improve consistency in adherence practices and integrate a greater repertoire of effective counseling strategies into clinic visits. Adherence promotion practices should be considered for quality improvement (QI) projects.
SURFACE ENTHALPY OF BOEHMITE

The persistence of many seemingly metastable mineral assemblages in sediments and soils is commonly attributed to their sluggish transformation to the stable-phase assemblage. Although undoubtedly kinetics plays a major role, this study shows that thermodynamic factors, particularly surface energy, significantly influence the free energy. Enthalpies of formation of boehmite samples with variable surface area were derived using high-temperature oxide-melt calorimetry. The average surface enthalpy for all faces terminating boehmite particles was calculated at +0.52 ± 0.12 J/m2. This value represents the surface enthalpy for surfaces exposed to vacuum assuming that H2O adsorbed on the surface of boehmite is loosely bound. These results show that the enthalpy of formation of boehmite may vary by ≤8 kJ/mol as a function of particle size. An overview of published values of surface energies of gibbsite, γ-Al2O3, corundum, and the results here indicates that the hydrated phases (boehmite, gibbsite) have lower surface energies than the anhydrous phases (corundum, γ-Al2O3). Lower surface energies allow the hydrated phases to maintain high surface area, i.e., small particle size. Similar surface energies of boehmite and gibbsite suggest kinetic control favoring the crystallization of boehmite or gibbsite from aqueous solution. The enthalpy of formation of bulk boehmite from the elements was calculated at −994.0 ±1.1 kJ/mol. Combining this result with the data in existing thermodynamic databases, we confirm that bulk boehmite is metastable with respect to bulk diaspore at ambient conditions.
Trigonometrische Werte für einige besondere Winkel. Tabellen. Skalen am Rechenschieber

Die trigonometrischen Werte der Winkel 30°, 45°, 60° lassen sich leicht berechnen (Abb. 7 und 8).
Memory bank and register allocation in software synthesis for ASIPs

An architectural feature commonly found in digital signal processors (DSPs) is multiple data-memory banks. This feature increases memory bandwidth by permitting multiple memory accesses to occur in parallel when the referenced variables belong to different memory banks and the registers involved are allocated according to a strict set of conditions. Unfortunately, current compiler technology is unable to take advantage of the potential increase in parallelism offered by such architectures. Consequently, most application software for DSP systems is hand-written -- a very time-consuming task.We present an algorithm which attempts to maximize the benefit of this architectural feature. While previous approaches have decoupled the phases of register allocation and memory bank assignment, our algorithm performs these two phases simultaneously. Experimental results demonstrate that our algorithm substantially improves the code quality of many compiler-generated and even hand-written programs.
Al Qaeda terrorist financing and technologies to track the finance network

In this paper, we have analyzed terrorist financing. In particular, we have examined the financing of the Al Qaeda finance network and determined how information technologies may be used to extract information from this network.
Assembling the lophotrochozoan (=spiralian) tree of life

The advent of numerical methods for analysing phylogenetic relationships, along with the study of morphology and molecular data, has driven our understanding of animal relationships for the past three decades. Within the protostome branch of the animal tree of life, these data have sufficed to establish its two main side branches, the moulting Ecdysozoa and the non-moulting Lophotrochozoa. In this review, I explore our current knowledge of protostome relationships and discuss progress and future perspectives and strategies to increase resolution within the main lophotrochozoan clades. Novel approaches to coding morphological characters are needed by scoring real observations on species selected as terminals. Still, methodological issues, for example, how to deal with inapplicable characters or the coding of absences, may require novel algorithmic developments. Taxon sampling is another key issue, as phyla should include enough species so as to represent their span of anatomical disparity. On the molecular side, phylogenomics is playing an increasingly important role in elucidating animal relationships, but genomic sampling is still fairly limited within the lophotrochozoan protostomes, for which only three phyla are represented in currently available phylogenies. Future work should therefore concentrate on generating novel morphological observations and on producing genomic data for the lophotrochozoan side of the animal tree of life.
SAM-T04: what is new in protein-structure prediction for CASP6.

The SAM-T04 method for predict- ing protein structures uses a single protocol across the entire range of targets, from comparative model- ing to new folds. This protocol is similar to the SAM-T02 protocol used in CASP5, but has improve- ments in the iterative search for similar sequences in finding and aligning templates, in creating frag- ment libraries, in generating protein conforma- tions, and in scoring the conformations. The auto- matic procedure made some improvements over simply selecting an alignment to the highest-scoring template, and human intervention made substantial improvements over the automatic procedure. The main improvements made by human intervention were from adding constraints to build (or retain) -sheets and from splitting multidomain proteins into separate domains. The uniform protocol was moderately successful across the entire range of target difficulty, but was somewhat less successful than other approaches in CASP6 on the compara- tive modeling targets. Proteins 2005;Suppl 7:135-142.
Gender impacts the post-exercise substrate and endocrine response in trained runners.

Background Although several studies have investigated gender differences in the substrate and endocrine responses during and following endurance exercise, few have studied sex differences during a more prolonged recovery period post endurance exercise. The purpose of this study was to compare and characterize the endocrine and substrate profiles of trained male and female adult runners during the three-and-a-half hour recovery period from an endurance run.
Advances in the Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

ABSTRACT. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and the hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) are both characterized by thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolysis, and organ dysfunction. Other disorders occasionally present with similar manifestations. Recent studies have demonstrated that deficiency in the von Willebrand factor cleaving protease ADAMTS13, due to genetic mutations or autoimmune inhibitors, causes TTP. Molecular cloning of ADAMTS13 elucidates the structure of the protease, raising the prospect for advances in diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Assay of ADAMTS13 activity distinguishes TTP from HUS and other types of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA); therefore, the term TTP/HUS should be avoided because it obscures the known or potential differences among the various types of TMA. E-mail: htsai@montefiore.org
Indigenous and Interdependent Perspectives of Healing: Implications for Counseling and Research

Because of the dramatic increases of culturally diverse individuals in the United States, indigenous perspectives of healing must be understood in the context of interdependent cultural selves. The authors present an extensive review of the literature with a focus on understanding the role of spirituality, balancing energies, close social networks, and interconnectedness in indigenous healing perspectives and philosophies. Examples of indigenous healing approaches are presented, and implications for counseling and research are discussed.
Vision and control techniques for robotic visual tracking

Algorithms for robotic real-time visual tracking of arbitrary 3-D objects traveling at unknown velocities in a 2-D space are presented. The problem of visual tracking is formulated as a problem of combining control with computer vision. A mathematical formulation that is general enough to be extended to the problem of tracking 3-D objects in 3-D space is presented. The authors propose the use of sum-of-squared differences optical flow for the computation of the vector of discrete displacements each instant of time. These displacements can be fed either directly to a PI controller, a pole assignment controller, or a discrete steady-state Kalman filter. In the latter case, the Kalman filter calculates the estimated values of the system's states and exogenous disturbances, and a discrete LQG controller computes the desired motion of the robotic system. The outputs of the controllers are sent to a Cartesian robotic controller that drives the robot. >
Journey to the Far West: Chinese Buddhism in America

The direct application of Western religious studies classification schemes and labels to the study of Chinese religions and practices in the United States is problematic. Given the classification issues, the existing scholarship on Chinese religions and their establishments can be roughly grouped into three types. The first covers research on indigenous Chinese religions which were transplanted to the United States by the earliest Chinese immigrants between1854–1883 and the Chinese temples of Northern California built by these immigrants. The second focuses on Chinese Buddhism in the larger context of Buddhist traditions in America. The third includes short descriptions of selected Chinese Buddhist organizations in America, primarily found in encyclopedias of American religions. Hsi Lai's stated goal is threefold: to offer a spiritual and cultural center for the United States, to provide Westerners a place for learning about the Dharma, and to facilitate the exchange of culture between East and West.
Integration of family planning with maternal health services: an opportunity to increase postpartum modern contraceptive use in urban Uttar Pradesh, India.

Background Maternal health (MH) services provide an invaluable opportunity to inform and educate women about family planning (FP). It is expected that this would enable women to choose an appropriate method and initiate contraception early in the postpartum period. In this study we examined interactions with health providers for MH services, and the effect of FP information provision during these interactions on the postpartum use of modern contraceptive methods. Methods This study used midline data collected from 990 women who had delivered a live birth between January 2010 and the date of the midline survey in 2012. These women were asked a series of questions about their last delivery, including interactions with health providers during pregnancy, delivery and the postpartum period, if they received FP information during these interactions, and their contraceptive use during the postpartum period. Results The study found that FP information provision as part of antenatal care in the third trimester, delivery and the postpartum period have a positive association with postpartum modern contraceptive use in urban Uttar Pradesh. However, health providers often miss these opportunities. Despite a high proportion of women coming into contact with health providers when utilising MH services, only a small proportion received FP information during these interactions. Conclusions Integration of FP with MH services can increase postpartum modern contraceptive use. With the launch of the National Urban Health Mission, there now exists appropriate policy and programmatic environments for integration of FP and MH services in urban settings in India. However, this will require a concentrated effort both to enhance the capacity of health providers and encourage supportive supervision.
Anthropogenic and Climatic Effects on the Distribution of Eulemur Species: An Ecological Niche Modeling Approach

Several factors can influence primate distributions, including evolutionary history, interspecific competition, climate, and anthropogenic impacts. In Madagascar, several small spatial scale studies have shown that anthropogenic habitat modification affects the density and distribution of many lemur species. Ecological niche models can be used to examine broad-scale influences of anthropogenic impacts on primate distributions. In this study, we examine how climate and anthropogenic factors influence the distribution of 11 Eulemur species using ecological niche models. Specifically, we created one set of models only using rainfall and temperature variables. We then created a second set of models that combined these climate variables with three anthropogenic factors: distance to dense settlements, villages, and croplands. We used MaxEnt to generate all the models. We found that the addition of anthropogenic variables improved the climate models. Also, most Eulemur species exhibited reduced predicted geographic distributions once anthropogenic factors were added to the model. Distance to dense settlements was the most important anthropogenic factor in most cases. We suggest that including anthropogenic variables in ecological niche models is important for understanding primate distributions, especially in regions with significant human impacts. In addition, we identify several Eulemur species that were most affected by anthropogenic factors and should be the focus of increased conservation efforts.
Experiences in using os-level virtualization for block I/O

Today, HPC clusters commonly use Resource Management Systems such as PBS and TORQUE to share physical resources. These systems enable resources to be shared by assigning nodes to users exclusively in non-overlapping time slots. With virtualization technology, users can run their applications on the same node with low mutual interference. However, the overhead introduced by the virtual machine monitor or hypervisor is too high to be accepted, because efficiency is key to many HPC applications. OS-level virtualization (such as Linux Containers) offers a lightweight virtualization layer, which promises a near-native performance and is adopted by some BigData resource sharing platforms such as Mesos. Nevertheless, OS-level virtualization's overhead and isolation on block devices have not been completely evaluated, especially when applied to a shared distributed/parallel file system (D/PFS) such as HDFS or Lustre. In this paper, we thoroughly evaluate the overhead and isolation involved in sharing block I/O via OS-level virtualization on the local disk and D/PFSs. Meanwhile, to assign D/PFS storage resources to users, a middleware system is proposed and implemented to bridge the configuration gap between virtual clusters and remote D/PFSs.
Evaluation of nutrient management and mulching strategies for vegetable production on an extensive green roof

ABSTRACTSubstrate nutrient and moisture management are two major concerns in green roof agriculture, especially when using extensive systems, but there are currently no recommendations or best management practices. The purpose of this study was to explore three mulching strategies (pine bark, living sedum, and no mulch) and three fertilization regimens (25, 50, and 100 g∙m−2 of 14-14-14 N-P-K slow release fertilizer applied twice each growing season) over two growing seasons to determine their benefits to rooftop agriculture. Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum), beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), cucumbers (Cucumis sativus), peppers (Capsicum annuum), basil (Ocimum basilicum), and chives (Allium schoenoprasum) were grown. The 2010 crops outperformed those grown in 2011, likely because of the more extreme temperature and precipitation variations during 2011. When there were differences among mulch treatments, pine bark usually resulted in higher productivity than live sedum mulch. The effects of live sedum mulch on c...
Influence factors and timely inoculation rate of measles vaccine in floating children

[Objective] To investigate the timely vaccination of Measles Vaccine in floating children in 8 month~4 years old Children in Wenzhou and to analyze the factors that affect timely vaccination rate for effective measures.[Methods] Stratified sampling was used to investigate the demographic features of 1301 floating children and their guardians in Wenzhou,including the guardians' knowledge of vaccination,attitude,service and utilization of vaccination,and to analyze the factors affecting timely vaccination rate of measles vaccine among the floating children.[Results] Coverage rate and the timely inoculation rate of measles vaccine were 97.3%and 69.2% respectively.Logistic regression showed that major influence factors associated with coverage included parents' working hours,parity,access of vaccination information,knowledge about whether vaccination was necessary for children,having immunization card or vaccination certificate and so on.[Conclusion] The timely vaccination rate of measles vaccine in floating children is relatively low in Wenzhou,and therefore the awareness of their parents and the service of national immunization program should be strengthened.Effective intervention should be implemented to improve the timely inoculation rate of measles vaccine.
Feasibility Study of NMR Based Serum Metabolomic Profiling to Animal Health Monitoring: A Case Study on Iron Storage Disease in Captive Sumatran Rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis)

A variety of wildlife species maintained in captivity are susceptible to iron storage disease (ISD), or hemochromatosis, a disease resulting from the deposition of excess iron into insoluble iron clusters in soft tissue. Sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis) is one of the rhinoceros species that has evolutionarily adapted to a low-iron diet and is susceptible to iron overload. Hemosiderosis is reported at necropsy in many African black and Sumatran rhinoceroses but only a small number of animals reportedly die from hemochromatosis. The underlying cause and reasons for differences in susceptibility to hemochromatosis within the taxon remains unclear. Although serum ferritin concentrations have been useful in monitoring the progression of ISD in many species, there is some question regarding their value in diagnosing hemochromatosis in the Sumatran rhino. To investigate the metabolic changes during the development of hemochromatosis and possibly increase our understanding of its progression and individual susceptibility differences, the serum metabolome from a Sumatran rhinoceros was investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics. The study involved samples from female rhinoceros at the Cincinnati Zoo (n = 3), including two animals that died from liver failure caused by ISD, and the Sungai Dusun Rhinoceros Conservation Centre in Peninsular Malaysia (n = 4). Principal component analysis was performed to visually and statistically compare the metabolic profiles of the healthy animals. The results indicated that significant differences were present between the animals at the zoo and the animals in the conservation center. A comparison of the 43 serum metabolomes of three zoo rhinoceros showed two distinct groupings, healthy (n = 30) and unhealthy (n = 13). A total of eighteen altered metabolites were identified in healthy versus unhealthy samples. Results strongly suggest that NMR-based metabolomics is a valuable tool for animal health monitoring and may provide insight into the progression of this and other insidious diseases.
Epidemiological review on novel influenza A (H1N1) virus infection

甲型H1N1流感的预防控制经历了外堵策略(containment strategy),已经转入内防阶段(mitigation phase).新的甲型H1N1流感病毒毒株引发的流感大流行还在全球蔓延,防控工作充满着新的挑战.本文对甲型H1N1流感流行病学相关文献进行综述,旨在为我国各地对该病的预防控制提供帮助。
Thermodynamic Evidence for Negative Charge Stabilization by a Catalytic Metal Ion within an RNA Active Site

Protein and RNA enzymes that catalyze phos- phoryl transfer reactions frequently contain active site metal ions that interact with the nucleophile and leaving group. Mechanistic models generally hinge upon the assumption that the metal ions stabilize negative charge buildup along the reaction coordinate. However, experimental data that test this assumption directly remain difficult to acquire. We have used an RNA substrate bearing a 3'-thiol group to investigate the energetics of a metal ion interaction directly relevant to transition state stabilization in the Tetrahymena group I ribozyme reaction. Our results show that this interaction lowers the pKa of the 3'-thiol by 2.6 units, stabilizing the bound 3'-thiolate by 3.6 kcal/mol. These data, combined with prior studies, provide strong evidence that this metal ion interaction facilitates the forward reaction by stabilization of negative charge buildup on the leaving group 3'-oxygen and facilitates the reverse reaction by deprotonation and activation of the nucleophilic 3'-hydroxyl group.
The Challenges of Integrating A 9.4T MR Scanner for Human Brain Imaging

The increasing appreciation of neuroradiologists, other healthcare professionals, neuroscientists, and cognitive scientists for the exquisite detail of anatomical, physiological, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the human brain has encouraged increasing use of MRI in medical care and research. As MRI has no adverse biological effects when performed within FDA guidelines, longitudinal studies of development and aging and detailed studies through repetitive measurements on single subjects can be undertaken with insignificant risk. Scanner performance for clinical MR scanners has been enhanced as field strengths have migrated upward to 3.0 Tesla. It is appropriate to consider the technical challenges of further improving sensitivity by moving from 3.0 to 9.4T, the highest magnetic field scanner now available for human MRI that became operational in 2004.
Religious Workplaces: The Joys, Trials and Tribulations of LGBT Clergy

Christian and Jewish congregations are exempt from many of the anti-discrimination laws and regulations that govern businesses in the US and LGBT clergy may therefore experience workplace issues very differently from their “management” counterparts in the for-profit business world. While there is a very small, predominantly qualitative, literature on the personal experience of sexual and gender minority clergy, there is almost no available writing on the workplace issues that such individuals must deal with on a regular basis as church or synagogue employees. The present chapter therefore aims to introduce a sociocultural framework that can be applied to the study of LGBT clergy workplace experiences by presenting cultural-historical case studies of both progressive Jewish (American Reform Judaism) and Christian movements (the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America). After exploring the religious and political developments leading to the acceptance of gay and lesbian clergy within these congregations, the chapter concludes with a review of the major theoretical approaches that can be applied to future inquiries focusing on broadening our understanding of LGBT clergy workplace experiences. Relying upon empowerment theory and positive psychology, this chapter provides a conceptual and theoretical overview of the workplace issues that LGBT clergy in the United States confront within two distinct Judeo-Christian religious traditions. The chapter concludes with suggestions for future research in this understudied area of religious organizational culture.
High Performance Pattern Matching Using the Automata Processor

In this paper, we study the acceleration of applications that require searching for all occurrences of thousands of string-patterns in an input data-stream, using the Automata Processor (AP). For this purpose, we use two applications from two fields, namely, network security and bioinformatics. The first application, called Fast-SNAP (for Fast-SNort using AP), scans network data for 4312 signatures of intrusion derived from the popular open-source Snort database. Using the resources of a single AP board, Fast-SNAP can scan for all these signatures at 10.3 Gbps. The second application, called PROTOMATA (for PROTein autOMATA), looks for all occurrences of 1308 protein motifs from the PROSITE database in protein sequences. PROTOMATA is up to half a million times faster than its single-CPU-based counterpart. The techniques developed to program these applications may be useful in the design and development of similar applications using this new hardware accelerator.
Abstract 3332: Targeting cancer stem cells in ovarian cancer

Ovarian cancer is a disease commonly complicated by the presence of ascites in the abdominal cavity which represents a major clinical problem. Currently, the treatment for ovarian cancer entails cytoreductive surgery followed by chemotherapy, mainly cisplatin or carboplatin combined with paclitaxel. Although this regimen is initially effective in a high percentage of cases, unfortunately within few months of initial treatment, tumor relapse occurs because of platinum-resistance. This is attributed mainly due to the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) present in ascites which are chemo-resistant and responsible for recurrence of cancer. In our preliminary studies, we show for the first time that withaferin A (WFA), a bioactive compound isolated from the plant Withania somnifera targets putative CSCs. Treatment of nude mice bearing orthotopic ovarian tumors with WFA resulted in a 70% to 80% reduction in tumor growth, complete inhibition of metastasis, and a significant elimination of the cells expressing CSCs markers - CD44, CD24, CD34, CD117, ALDH1 and Oct4 and down regulation of Notch1 and its downstream signaling genes (Hes1 and Hey1) reported to play crucial role for self-renewal and maintenance of CSCs. In addition, WFA also resulted in a significant inhibition of securin expression an “oncogene” important in ovarian tumorigenesis. In contrast, treatment of mice with CIS alone had the opposite effects, causing an increase in cells expressing CSC markers and Notch1 signaling pathway. However, combining of WFA with CIS showed enhanced effects on suppression of securin as well as elimination of CSCs. This may explain the development of platinum-resistance and recurrence of cancer in patients treated with first line chemotherapy. Based on this information, we hypothesize that a combination of WFA with CIS should target ovarian cancer cells as well as cancer stem cells by reducing securin and CSCs thereby reducing CIS resistance and recurrence of ovarian cancer. In our study, we used cells from ascites from patients with recurrent ovarian cancer and determine the effect of WFA alone and in combination with CIS on tumorigenic functions of ascites cells and CSCs from ascites in vitro and in vivo, and defined the molecular mechanisms associated with self-renewal, maintenance and recurrence of cancer in relation to expression of securin. Because the two agents act synergistically, this combination may minimize side effects as well as induction of cisplatin resistance and recurrence of cancer. In addition, this study will justify the initiation of phase I/phase II clinical trials to assess potential toxicity and efficacy of WFA/CIS combination in advanced/recurrent ovarian cancer patients. Citation Format: Sham S. Kakar, Mariusz Z. Ratajczak. Targeting cancer stem cells in ovarian cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3332.
Neighborhood Associations in Urban India: Intersection of Religion and Space in Civic Participation

Recent perspectives on religious practice in South Asia critique the assumed dichotomy between religion and modernity, which characterizes earlier research on urban forms of religiosity in South Asia. Following on these lines through an ethnographic analysis of the everyday life of local neighborhood associations (Mitra Mandal) in the city of Pune in Western India, I aim to show how religion constitutes a site through which participation in the public sphere is routed in important ways for its adherents. Locating the Mitra Mandal on the intersection of the spatial, civic, and religious axes of the city, I contend that these neighborhood associations represent a class-specific mode of engagement with the public sphere, albeit expressed in modes, which are enmeshed within a distinctly religious idiom.
Disability-Related Information on the World Wide Web

Computer technology is constantly improving the means of people with a disability to access information. From the earliest electronic bulletin board systems, to listserv software on mainframe networks, to gophers, and now world wide web software, access to a vast amount of disability-related information is becoming much easier and affordable. A brief overview of these developments and several resources for disability-related information are presented in this review.
The Thermal Conductivity of Liquid Semiconductors

Transport equations are presented in a form appropriate for considering ambipolar transport in liquid semiconductors. This is done by making use of Fermi-Dirac integrals to allow for near-degeneracy, and using a formulation which does not assume two separate bands. The theory is applied to published data for liquid Sb2Se3.
Instructional Methods for Limited English Proficient Students in Subject Area Courses

This paper studies the question of what instructional strategies are most effective for classrooms with limited English proficient (LEP) students when teaching history content courses. Two specific instructional strategies are researched. The first is the ordering of direct instruction and constructivist activities. Is it best to begin with direct instruction, then move to a constructivist activity or is it best to order lessons in reverse order? The results of the study also offer insight into the efficacy of doing only direct instruction vs. constructivist activities. The second question studied is regarding group vs. individual work. Which type of work results in the most and deepest content knowledge for LEP students and what is useful about each type of work? A controlled experimental method was used with pre and post quizzes, teacher/researcher observation, and student surveys and interviews. The study finds that student learning is maximized for LEP students when direct instruction precedes a constructivist activity. Using both instructional strategies, but in this order, was shown to be the most effective instructional strategy. Individual vs. group work showed less clear results, but the student interviews provided insight into why LEP students sometimes prefer group work, even if their knowledge gained is not noticeably increased.
Placement of Hydroxy Moiety on Pendant of Peptidomimetic Scaffold Modulates Mu and Kappa Opioid Receptor Efficacy.

In an effort to expand the structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies of a series of mixed-efficacy opioid ligands, peptidomimetics that incorporate methoxy and hydroxy groups around a benzyl or 2-methylindanyl pendant on a tetrahydroquinoline (THQ) core of the peptidomimetics were evaluated. Compounds containing a methoxy or hydroxy moiety in the o- or m-positions increased binding affinity to the kappa opioid receptor (KOR), whereas compounds containing methoxy or hydroxy groups in the p-position decreased KOR affinity and reduced or eliminated efficacy at the mu opioid receptor (MOR). The results from a substituted 2-methylindanyl series aligned with the findings from the substituted benzyl series. Our studies culminated in the development of 8c, a mixed-efficacy MOR agonist/KOR agonist with subnanomolar binding affinity for both MOR and KOR.
Survivor Mom’s Companion: A Population-Level Program for Pregnant Women Who Are Survivors of Childhood Maltreatment: The Need for a Public Health Approach to Addressing Unresolved Maternal Trauma

Childhood maltreatment trauma is a key determinant in intergenerational patterns of maltreatment and psychiatric vulnerability in the U.S. and globally. These cycles of maltreatment and vulnerability intersect during the childbearing year, when unresolved maternal trauma from maltreatment adversely affects a woman’s perinatal mental health and offspring development. We can recognize unresolved maternal trauma in the form of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and symptomatology, and its complex forms or comorbidities. The childbearing year presents unique clinical realities in addressing the traumatic-stress related mental health needs of women, principally among them is the lack of available trauma-informed and PTSD-specific interventions. Consequently, we must develop and implement approaches that circumvent barriers to access and address these clinical realities. Ideal characteristics of such approaches for expanding mental health service delivery have been defined and include reach, scalability, and affordability. Approaches that have the promise of addressing the needs of survivors of childhood maltreatment and sexual trauma will also need to be positioned in trauma-informed environments, and be trauma-specific in nature. One targeted approach that is trauma-specific and which has the characteristics of being a promising novel approach to delivering perinatal mental health care is the Survivor Moms’ Companion (SMC). The SMC is a fully manualized, self-study, and structured-listening psychoeducational program for women who are survivors of childhood maltreatment and who are pregnant (“survivor moms”). The goal of the SMC program is to improve women’s obstetric, postpartum, and early parenting experiences, and enhance psychological functioning.
Established Microwave Frequency Standards

Atomic and molecular beam physics, which began with the experiment of 0. Stern and W. Gerlach in 1921, is the foundation of today’s atomic time and frequency standards. The following papers discuss progress in the area of microwave frequency standards and clocks. Microwave devices are defined, for our purposes here, as those atomic resonators which feature resonances in the microwave region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The combination of atomic and molecular beam physics with the idea to use an oscillator-driven magnetic field to induce transitions was born in the 1930’s and led to molecular beam spectroscopy. The invention of efficient sources for microwave radiation in the 1940’s as a result of the Second World War made practical devices possible. The manipulation of atomic excitations through optical pumping together with the invention of the maser-laser principle in the 1950’s have combined to allow novel realizations of atomic resonators. The advent of solid state electronics permitted the construction of clocks and frequency standards of considerable reliability, together with highly accurate performance.
Lagrangian and Eulerian Representations of Metasomatic Alteration of Minerals

Both Lagrangian and Eulerian formulations of fluid flow coupled to fluid/rock interaction provide complete descriptions of metasomatic processes based on a continuum representation of porous media. The Eulerian method is an inherently transient description of advective and diffusive/dispersive transport referred to a reference frame that is fixed with respect to the rock mass. The Lagrangian method, applicable to flowing systems, is referred to a frame of reference that is fixed relative to the moving fluid. Applied to a single packet of fluid, the Lagrangian formulation is equivalent to the open system reaction path formulation of mass transfer, and results in a steady state description of metasomatic processes for surface controlled mineral dissolution rates. Numerical finite difference calculations describing the alteration of microcline and quartz at 100°C due to combined infiltration and diffusion based on the Eulerian formulation, are compared with results obtained from a single Lagrangian fluid packet. Following a transient period during which mineral reaction products pyrophyllite and kaolinite precipitate and redissolve, the Eulerian calculation results in the formation of a steady state which coincides with the reaction path of a single Lagrangian fluid packet. The steady state involves only the minerals gibbsite and muscovite, and extends throughout a spatial region which advances downstream from the inlet of the porous medium. The position of the gibbsite-muscovite boundary is stationary and independent of the porosity of the porous medium for constant surface area. With increasing time, the steady state configuration must eventually be destroyed as the abundance of microcline decreases with a consequent decrease in surface area and therefore dissolution rate. Nonetheless, the lifetime of the steady state is orders of magnitude longer than the time required to achieve a steady state regime. These observations suggest that the time evolution of a geochemical system may be approximated by a sequence of steady states, each corresponding to different surface areas, positions of alteration zones, porosity and permeability. In the latter case reaction fronts propagate at nonzero, retarded velocities in response to steady fluid flow, while in the former case they may be essentially stationary for long periods of time. The Lagrangian and Eulerian representations are generalized to incorporate geochemical systems characterized by primary and secondary porosities. Because the Lagrangian approach is computationally much faster than the Eulerian method, it is of considerable practical importance.
Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of Evapotranspiration in Green Roof Systems

This study focuses on the water loss of green roof systems due to evapotranspiration, which is the combination of evaporation and transpiration processes. Water loss through evapotranspiration increases the capacity of a green roof to intercept additional stormwater during the following rain event and keep it out of the municipal stormwater system. Hence it is important that amount of water loss through a green roof, with known plant and growth medium properties and climate conditions, can be quantified. A theoretical model based on energy equation is used and MATLAB is employed in solving the equations due to the complexity of the problem. Relevant heat transfer equations with appropriate thermophysical properties of materials are used. Values obtained from the theoretical analysis are compared with experimental values that were gathered via a field project in which different green roof samples were tested for 2.5 years in terms of their weight under wet and dry seasonal conditions. The results from the theoretical model are found to be in close agreement with the experimental measurements, which is encouraging for predicting water loss of green roof systems in different geographic locations with known climate conditions.
Determination of the diffusion constants of dimethylsulfide and dimethylsulfoniopropionate by diffusion-ordered nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Abstract Diffusion of small molecules influences sea-to-air transfer in the oceans as well as export or uptake from the water column by microorganisms. Direct quantification of diffusion therefore can better constrain the rates of these processes. The diffusion coefficients (D) for both dimethylsulfide (DMSP) and dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) were determined using diffusion-ordered nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (DOSY). Diffusion coefficients were measured across a temperature range (285–315 K, 12–42°C) and were corrected for changes in the diffusion coefficient of water. D DMSP was determined in both artificial seawater (salinity 30.5) and in MilliQ water. Diffusion constants (0.929–2.22 × 10 −5 cm 2 s −1 for DMS and 0.504–1.22 × 10 −5 cm 2 s −1 for DMSP) were within the range predicted by various empirical models (0.72–2.12 × 10 −5 cm 2 s −1 for DMS and 0.34–1.12 × 10 −5 cm 2 s −1 for DMSP). D DMSP was well-predicted by theoretical models such (Evans et al., 2013) and does not have a strong concentration, salinity, or pH dependence. Implications for diffusion of DMSP on cellular physiology are discussed.
Design of Fuzzy Logic-Based Dynamic Droop Controller of Wind Turbine System for Primary Frequency Support

In this paper, a dynamic droop is designed for the local controllers of the wind turbines to achieve primary frequency regulation of a wind farm. The goal of the approach is to select an appropriate droop rate that depends on measurements of the individual wind turbines such as available power and amount of reserve. Also, the controller considers the rate of change of frequency (ROCOF) at the point of common coupling. A fuzzy-based dynamic droop controller is proposed to provide primary frequency support for the wind turbine system. The rate of the droop is determined by the fuzzy sets using the difference in grid's frequency and the reserve power of the wind system. The performance of several static droop curves is analyzed for different scenarios using a detailed model of wind turbines connected to a small power system. Then, the proposed dynamic controller is implemented, and its performance is evaluated and compared with the static droop approach. The model and the controllers are tested using Matlab\Simulink.
Abstract WP45: Regional Contribution of Salvaged Brain Tissue on Outcome in Endovascular Stroke Therapy

Introduction: Endovascular stroke treatments (ET) require an understanding of the relative eloquence of brain regions, particularly when treating distal occlusions. However, prior studies of region...
Near-term quantum-classical associative adversarial networks

We introduce a new hybrid quantum-classical adversarial machine learning architecture called a quantum-classical associative adversarial network (QAAN). This architecture consists of a classical generative adversarial network with a small auxiliary quantum Boltzmann machine that is simultaneously trained on an intermediate layer of the discriminator of the generative network. We numerically study the performance of QAANs compared to their classical counterparts on the MNIST and CIFAR-10 data sets, and show that QAANs attain a higher quality of learning when evaluated using the Inception score and the Frechet Inception distance. As the QAAN architecture only relies on sampling simple local observables of a small quantum Boltzmann machine, this model is particularly amenable for implementation on the current and next generations of quantum devices.
On the estimation of connected vehicle penetration rate based on single-source connected vehicle data

Abstract With more connected vehicles (CVs) in the networks, the big data era leads to the availability of abundant data from CVs. CV penetration rate is the fundamental building block of tremendous applications, such as traffic data estimation, CV-based adaptive signal control and origin-destination estimation. While CV penetration rate is a random variable unknown in nature, the current estimation method of penetration rate mainly relies on two sources of data —detector and CV data. Penetration rate across the link is computed as CV flow divided by all traffic flow over a certain period of time. However, the current method is constrained by availability and quality of detector data. This paper proposes a simple, analytical, non-parametric, and most importantly, unbiased single-source data penetration rate (SSDPR) estimation method for estimating penetration rate solely based on CV data. It subtly and simultaneously fuses two estimation mechanisms—(1) the measurement of the probability of the first vehicle in a queue being a CV and (2) the direct estimation of the penetration rate of a sample queue—to constitute a single estimator to handle all the possible sample queue patterns. Applicability of the proposed method is not confined to a specific arrival pattern. It solely utilizes the number of the observed CVs and the number of vehicles before the last observed CV in a sample queue. Combining with bridging the queue algorithm, the proposed SSDPR estimation method is extended to overflow or oversaturated conditions. Simulation results show that the proposed method is able to accurately estimate penetration rate as low as 0.1% for all the situations considered. To illustrate the applicability of the proposed method, a case study of fundamental diagram estimation of a link without being installed with any detector is presented.
Transport of Vortex Elements

Thus far in this book, we have focused our attention on two principal aspects of inviscid flow: first, on obtaining the flow field about a moving body amidst a general distribution of vorticity in the surrounding fluid; and second, on computing the resulting fluid dynamic force and moment exerted on the body in this scenario. We have thus far had little to say about the motion of this vorticity. However, our analysis of the problem is incomplete until we have addressed this motion, particularly because—as we found in our discussion of impulse-based calculations in Chap. 6—the force and moment depend on the time rate of change of the vorticity’s distribution.
Red Blood Cell Transfusion in Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

In the patient with ARDS, as lung function deteriorates, RBC transfusion is often prescribed in an effort to increase oxygen delivery. Though transfusion can increase oxygen delivery, RBC transfusion is associated with worsened markers of lung function and with adverse clinical outcomes in critically ill adults and children, and preclinical data suggest that RBC products can directly injure pulmonary cells and worsen lung function by a variety of mechanisms. This chapter outlines clinical studies of RBC transfusion in pediatric ARDS (PARDS), reviews RBC transfusion-related pathophysiology as it relates to the patient with PARDS, and highlights opportunities for future research to guide optimum transfusion strategies for critically ill children with PARDS.