cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sliding fibular graft repair for chronic dislocation of the peroneal tendons.

Chronic recurrent subluxation of the peroneal tendons can be a disabling condition in the young athlete. Con servative techniques of management, including taping, pads, or special shoes, are usually ineffective. Many authors have reported favorable results with surgical reconstruction. These repairs fall into four categories: periosteal reattachment, groove deepening, tenoplasty procedures, and bone block procedures. We are re porting the results of treatment of 12 patients with a sliding fibular graft procedure that has not previously been reported in the literature. Results were excellent in 11 of the 12 procedures. One patient with bilateral repairs reported recurrence of symptoms on one side and required reexploration.
Estimates of forest biomass in the Brazilian Amazon: New allometric equations and adjustments to biomass from wood-volume inventories

Abstract Uncertainties in biomass estimates in Amazonian forests result in a broad range of possible magnitude for the emissions of carbon from deforestation and other land-use changes. This paper presents biomass equations developed from trees directly weighed in open forest on fertile soils in the southern Amazon (SA) and allometric equations for bole-volume estimates of trees in both dense and open forests. The equations were used to improve the commonly used biomass models based on large-scale wood-volume inventories carried out in Amazonian forest. The biomass estimates from the SA allometric equation indicate that equations developed in forests on infertile soils in central Amazonia (CA) result in overestimates if applied to trees in the open forests of SA. All aboveground components of 267 trees in open forests of SA were cut and weighed, and the proportion of the biomass stored in the crowns of trees in open forest was found to be higher than in dense forest. In the case of inventoried wood volume, corrections were applied for indentations and hollow trunks and it was determined that no adjustment is needed for the form factor used in the RadamBrasil volume formula. New values are suggested for use in models to convert wood volume to biomass estimates. A biomass map for Brazilian Amazonia was produced from 2702 plots inventoried by the RadamBrasil Project incorporating all corrections for wood density and wood volume and in factors used to add the bole volume of small trees and the crown biomass. Considering all adjustments, the biomass map indicates total biomass of 123.1 Gt (1 Gt = 1 billion tons) dry weight (aboveground + belowground) for originally forested areas in 1976 in the Brazilian Legal Amazon as a whole (102.3 Gt for aboveground only) at the time of the RadamBrasil inventories, which were carried out before intensive deforestation had occurred in the region. Excluded from this estimate are 529,000 km 2 of forest lacking sufficient RadamBrasil inventory data. After forest losses of 676,000 km 2 by 2006 – not counting 175,000 km 2 of this deforested area lacking RadamBrasil data – the estimated dry biomass stock was reduced to 105.4 and 87.6 Gt (aboveground + belowground and only above-ground). Thus, in 2006 the carbon storage in forested areas in Brazilian Amazonia as a whole will be around 51.1 Gt (assuming 1 Mg dry biomass = 0.485 Mg C). Biomass estimates by forest type (aggregated into 12 vegetation classes) are provided for each state in the Brazilian Legal Amazon.
Receptor Transporter Protein 4 (RTP4) in Endometrium, Ovary, and Peripheral Blood Leukocytes of Pregnant and Cyclic Ewes

Interferon-tau (IFNT) is secreted by the conceptus trophoblast and signals pregnancy recognition in ruminants. IFNT regulates expression of genes in the endometrium, peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs), and corpus luteum (CL). Microarray analysis identified that expression of (chemosensory) receptor transporter protein 4 (RTP4) increased in PBLs during early pregnancy in cows. In the present study, we cloned and characterized RTP4 transcription during early pregnancy in ewes. Endometrium, PBLs, and CL were collected on Days 11, 13, and 15 of the cycle and on Days 11, 13, 15, 17, and 19 of pregnancy. Northern blot analysis revealed an expected 1.6-kb mRNA and an unexpected 2.6-kb mRNA. In endometria, RTP4 mRNA levels in cyclic ewes remained low, whereas RTP4 mRNA increased from Day 11 to Day 17 in pregnant ewes. Levels of RTP4 mRNA also increased from Day 15 to Day 19 in CL and PBL samples from pregnant ewes only. The RTP4 mRNA was located in the glandular epithelium, stratum compactum, and caruncular stroma. Ovine glandular epithelial cells were treated with IFNT to determine if IFNT alone could induce RTP4. IFNT increased RTP4 more than 70-fold at 1.5 h after treatment, with maximal induction of nearly 300-fold above values observed in nontreated controls at 6 h after treatment. These results indicate that RTP4 mRNA levels are induced in the ovine endometrium, PBLs, and CL by IFNT during early pregnancy and in cell culture in response to IFNT. If RTP4 expression affects G protein-coupled receptor function, it may be important for establishment of pregnancy in domestic ruminants.
Identifying the educationally influential physician: A systematic review of approaches†

Introduction:Previous studies have indicated that educationally influential physicians' (EIPs) interactions with peers can lead to practice changes and improved patient outcomes. However, multiple approaches have been used to identify and investigate EIPs' informal or formal influence on practice, w
Rapakivi-Type Granites in the Precambrian Complex of Gold Butte, Clark County, Nevada

The Precambrian complex of the Gold Butte-Bonelli Peak area is about 25 by 35 km and consists of gray porphyritic perthite-quartz-biotite granites and quartz monzonites (adamellites) that intrude Precambrian garnet-cordierite-sillimanite and hornblende gneisses, migmatites, and older granites, pyroxenites, and hornblendites. These younger granites strikingly resemble the Finnish rapakivi granites geologically, petrographically, and chemically. They are exposed over an area approximately 20 by 30 km and represent the roof of a batholith with numerous stocks, dikes, roof pendants, inclusions, and plutonic breccias. They have sharp contacts with their host rocks and have affected these rocks only slightly. No orientation of feldspar phenocrysts can be observed in most of the granite body. The crystallization of this granite has apparently been undisturbed by orogenic movements. It is a postkinematic disharmonious granite. Potassium feldspar and quartz started to crystallize first in this granite. The main constituents are perthite, quartz, oligoclase-andesine, albite, and biotite. Accessory minerals are sphene, hornblende, zircon, apatite, allanite, and fluorite. Typical rapakivi texture with some ovoid perthite phenocrysts surrounded by oligoclase-albite mantles occurs in many places but seems to be more common near the contacts. Quartz appears in two generations, the first of which is commonly subhedral to euhedral (hexagonal bipyramids). Small irregularly shaped miarolitic and mineralogically complex pegmatite bodies occur in the immediate vicinity of the contacts, partly in the granite and partly in the metamorphic rocks. They contain much allanite; some contain concentrations of samarskite, columbite, zircon, and other rare minerals. They commonly show well-developed zoning. No larger pegmatites associated with the granites could be observed. Gold-bearing fluorite quartz veins are numerous. These granites weather in some areas into a sharp-edged coarse gravel, best described by the Finnish term moro. The feldspar phenocrysts and other mineral grains are partly separated by this weathering process, more so than during the weathering of regular granites. It is remarkable that the moro develops in this dry, hot desert climate in the same way as in the relatively humid and cold climate of Finland.
1 Epidemiology of Critical Illness in Pregnancy

Summary In summary, understanding the nature of critical illness in preg-nancy is an important and evolving process. We have clearly grown beyond simple mortality reviews for assessment of preg-nancy - related critical illness. However, our currently available tools and databases for examining these patients still need improvement. Reports of critically ill women admitted to the ICU have further reﬁ ned our understanding of these diseases. However, targeted surveillance of obstetric ICU admissions is needed to identify variations in care and disease that may affect management. As our understanding of these conditions contin-ues to mature, we will hopefully gain greater insight into the speciﬁ c nature of these conditions that will lead to improved prevention strategies and better therapies for the diseases when they occur. In our view, these data will improve our ability to plan and allocate the necessary resources to adequately care for these often complex and severe illnesses. etiology for the maternal deaths, nearly all cases were associated with multiorgan dysfunction, which again emphasizes the complex condition of these critically ill women. As noted earlier, obstetric and medical complications of preg-nancy are equally represented in all admissions to the ICU (Table 1.5 ). However, nearly 40% of all maternal deaths in the ICU were directly related to obstetric conditions (mainly hypertensive dis-eases, hemorrhage, amniotic ﬂ uid embolism and acute fatty liver of pregnancy) with the remaining deaths due to medical condi-tions Table ( 1.6 ).
Emission and absorption properties of indocyanine green in Intralipid solution

Emission and absorption properties of indocyanine green (ICG) in Intralipid solution have been investigated. The study is focused on relatively low ICG concentration at a range of 0 to 20 μM. A diffusion model was used to analyze the emission properties of ICG solution at different concentrations. In the low-concentration region, the emission strength increases with the concentration of ICG, while in the high-concentration region, the emission decreases with the concentration. In general, a maximum of emission strength exists and its position (concentration) depends on the wavelength of the excitation light, the distance between the source and the detector, and the sample geometry and size. A so-called “inner-cell-effect” and re-absorption of emission photons are found to contribute to the decay of emission strength. Also, in the concentration range of 0 to 2 μM, ICG solution always has a higher absorption coefficient at wavelength 830 nm than that at 660 nm, which is quite different from the ICG in water case.
On North Pacific Temperature, Salinity, Sound Velocity and Density Fronts and their Relation to the Wind and Energy Flux Fields

Abstract The main oceanic fronts of the North Pacific are investigated and the principal frontogenetic processesdescribed. Fronts are features of the upper ocean and occur near mass transport and energy flux convergencezones. Frontogenesis in the upper layers of the ocean is strongly dependent upon the configuration of thewind stress field. Temperature and salinity fronts in the upper ocean are not necessarily coincident, nor arethey always accompanied by density fronts. During periods of strong and persistent winds, the upper andlower portions of the front may separate at pycnocline depth by as much as 200 km, suggesting Ekman-typedisplacement of the upper layer. Multiple temperature and salinity fronts, spaced 60-70 km apart andsuggestive oi baroclinic Rossby waves, are observed off northeastern Japan at the confluence ol the Kurosniowith the Oyashio. Not all temperature and salinity fronts are accompanied by strong baroclinic flow and themaximum baroclinic flow often occurs several kilometers distant f...
A Comparative Study On Learning Outcomes Of Web Based Vs. Classroom Based Instruction

This study investigates and compares the learning outcomes and student satisfaction of classroom versus web based instruction of the EDE4341 - Technology and Learning in Elementary and Middle Schools offered to preservice teachers in the Elementary Education program at Florida State University during Spring & Summer 2004 semesters. While 20 students enrolled spring 2004 section which was taught face to face, 22 students enrolled Summer 2004 section which was taught online by the same instructor.
California's Racial History and Constitutional Rationales for Race-Conscious Decision Making in Higher Education

Richard Delgado and Jean Stefancic examine the history of racial mistreatment of citizens of color in California. Beginning with incidents of racial brutality during the early Spanish colonial period and proceeding into the present, Delgado and Stefancic reveal that California has not been the egalitarian paradise many suppose. The authors write against a background of recent attacks on affirmative action in higher education which raise the prospect that the diversity rationale that universities had relied on to justify race-conscious admissions policies may no longer be constitutional. Recognizing this possibility, the authors offer remediation-making amends for past misbehavior--as an alternative basis for maintaining race-conscious programs in higher education. In particular, the authors argue that historical and recent racial discrimination in states such as California provides sufficient justification for adjusting admissions and hiring practices so that affected minority groups are placed in the status quo ante, that is, the position they would have been in had the discrimination not taken place.
The role of the autopsy in medical malpractice cases, II: controversy related to autopsy performance and reporting.

Context We studied 99 appellate court records in cases of alleged medical malpractice and found no relationship between discrepant clinical and autopsy findings and outcome of litigation. Standard-of-care issues and not diagnostic accuracy were at the heart of every case. Objective To characterize and discuss issues related to the autopsy and/or pathologist behavior that were raised in court records of medical malpractice litigation. Design In 18 appellate court records, issues were raised about quality of autopsy performance and reporting or about death certification. The details of these controversies are succinctly reported here in a manner intended to be instructive to pathologists who perform autopsies in a hospital setting or on a private fee-for-service basis. Conclusion Autopsy reports are intended to provide objective medical information in a coherent format to the patient's medical record, to the attending physician and other concerned staff physicians, to other health care professionals, and to the families of the deceased. Inevitably, occasions arise that require legal counsel to be added to this list of parties with a legitimate interest. Our findings emphasize that incomplete, incoherent, obfuscated, or delayed reporting of autopsy findings do not meet professional standards, are unethical if intentional, and may be counterproductive.
Predictions of the nutrient composition of the diets of supplemented versus unsupplemented grazing beef cows based on near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy of feces.

Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy of fecal samples from crossbred beef cows grazing native range forage was performed to determine whether supplemental feeding would alter the prediction of forage quality. In one trial, 2.27 kg.cow-1 x d-1 of supplemental feed with 20% CP and 3.3 Mcal of DE/kg had a detectable, but unimportant, effect on the predicted forage digestibility of OM, whereas the predicted forage content of CP was increased from 5.6 to 6.4% (P < .01). In a second trial at another location, supplemental feeding of isonitrogenous (700 g.cow-1 x feeding-1) feeds that provided low, medium, or high levels of DE three times weekly caused detectable, but unimportant, changes in the predicted digestibility of forage OM, whereas important changes were noted in the predicted CP content of grazed forages. Although forage quality could not be evaluated from spectra developed with unsupplemented cows, a change in the plane of nutrition was detectable. In the first trial, apparent effects of supplemental feeding on predicted diet quality were not detected if fecal sampling occurred 36 or 56 h after the supplemental feeding ceased for CP and OM digestibility, respectively. Whether supplemental feeding altered the grazing behavior of cows and quality of forage grazed, or merely altered composition of fecal samples, was not determined.
Engineered Dielectric Microspheres for Use in Microsystems

We present a new class of microspheres that have been designed with specific dielectric properties to enable their manipulation and identification in microsystems using dielectrophoretic methods. Self-assembled monolayers of alkanethiol and phospholipid were applied to gold-coated polystyrene microspheres. Microsphere populations having layers of different thicknesses were distinguishable and manipulatable by dielectrophoresis in a characteristic, frequency-dependent manner as predicted by theory. These proof of principle studies are the first step toward the development of an engineered bead-based dielectrophoretic microsystem for multiplexed molecular separation and analysis.
Expression and targeting of transcription factor ATF5 in dog gliomas.

Background Activating transcription factor 5 (ATF5) is a transcription factor that is highly expressed in undifferentiated neural progenitor/stem cells as well as a variety of human cancers including gliomas. Aims In this study, we examined the expression and localization of ATF5 protein in canine gliomas, and targeting of ATF5 function in canine glioma cell lines. Materials and Methods Paraffin-embedded canine brain glioma tissue sections and western blots of tumours and glioma cells were immunoassayed with anti-ATF5 antibody. Viability of glioma cells was tested with a synthetic cell-penetrating ATF5 peptide (CP-d/n ATF5) ATF5 antagonist. Results ATF5 protein expression was in the nucleus and cytoplasm and was present in normal adult brain and tumour samples, with significantly higher expression in tumours as shown by western immunoblotting. CP-d/n ATF5 was found to decrease cell viability in canine glioma cell lines in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion Similarities in expression of ATF5 in rodent, dog and human tumours, and cross species efficacy of the CP-d/n ATF5 peptide support the development of this ATF5-targeting approach as a novel and translational therapy in dog gliomas.
Bifocals: Analyzing WebView Vulnerabilities in Android Applications

WebViews allow Android developers to embed a webpage within an application, seamlessly integrating native application code with HTML and JavaScript web content. While this rich interaction simplifies developer support for multiple platforms, it exposes applications to attack. In this paper, we explore two WebView vulnerabilities: excess authorization, where malicious JavaScript can invoke Android application code, and file-based cross-zone scripting, which exposes a device's file system to an attacker. We build a tool, Bifocals, to detect these vulnerabilities and characterize the prevalence of vulnerable code. We found $$67$$ 67 applications with WebView-related vulnerabilities ( $$11\,\%$$ 11 % of applications containing WebViews). Based on our findings, we suggest a modification to WebView security policies that would protect over $$60\,\%$$ 60 % of the vulnerable applications with little burden on developers.
An Overview of the State and Local Government Pension/OPEB Landscape

It is impossible to discuss municipal finance without considering the cost of pensions and other post-retirement employee benefits (OPEB), the largest of which is retiree health insurance. These costs have received enormous press coverage, usually incorporating sweeping generalities about the burden of employee post-retirement benefits for the nation as a whole. Much is made of the bankruptcies in specific jurisdictions. At the state level, the most poorly funded pension plans are often described as typical, while the states that provide reasonable benefits, pay their required contributions, and accumulate assets are overlooked. The picture at the state and local levels is extremely heterogeneous, so it is crucial to look at the numbers state by state and locality by locality. This article provides a comprehensive accounting of pension and OPEB liabilities for state and local governments and the fiscal burden that they pose. The analysis covers the plans of 50 states, 178 counties, 173 major cities, and 415 school districts related to the sample of cities and counties. The analysis apportions the liabilities of state-administered cost-sharing plans to participating local governments for a more accurate picture of which governmental entity is actually responsible for funding pension and OPEB liabilities. The cost analysis calculates, separately, pension and OPEB costs as a percentage of own-source revenue for states, cities, and counties and then determines the overall burden of these programs. Finally, it adds debt service costs to provide a comprehensive picture of government revenue commitments to long-term liabilities.
DNA Repair: Unconventional Lesions Require Unconventional Repair.

In order to clarify the structural features of protein substrates which determine their sensitivity towards poliovirus 2A protease, a high-efficiency bacterial expression system for cDNA of the poliovirus genome fragment has been developed. The expressed protein encompasses the C-end half of the VP1 capsid protein. 2A protease, and a large portion of the 2B protein. Virus-specific products were found in the insoluble fraction of bacterial cell lysates which were mainly represented by two proteins. These proteins appeared to be produced via the cleavage of the expressed protein by 2A protease at the Tyr-Gly site located between the VP1 protein and the 2A protease proper. The accumulation of two viral proteins can be prevented by a four amino acid insertion into the 2A gene locus in close vicinity of the putative catalytic His residue. The determinants of specificity toward the 2A action are located within the region flanking the cleavable Tyr-Gly dipeptide from its N-side.
INFLUENCE OF MUSCLE RECEPTORS ON NEURONS OF THE SUPRAOPTIC NUCLEUS

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the influence of muscle receptors on neurons of the supraoptic nucleus (SON). The results presented in the chapter indicate that neurosecretory cells in SON can be excited by electrical and chemical stimulations of muscle receptors and the effect is mediated by Group III and IV fibers without involving large Group I afferents originating from muscle stretch receptors. Respiratory and cardiovascular changes observed during exercise or by stimulations of afferent nerves from the muscle are evoked by impulses in small nerve fibers only and do not seem to involve large Group I afferents although there are some conflicting reports. Kumazawa and Mizumura have shown that some single small diametered fibers in muscle afferents can be excited by mechanical, thermal, and chemical stimuli. It has been suggested that these polymodal fibers may be strongly excited during muscular exercise. The preliminary work shows that gentle mechanical and thermal stimuli applied to the muscle also excite SON neurons, though it is not known whether electrical and chemical stimulations used in the present study also activated nociceptors.
Suicide at Symbolic Ages

More than 50 years ago, when Freud was about to turn 80, he asked Ernest Jones, “What is the secret meaning of celebrating the big round numbers of one’s life?” (Sampson & Sampson, 1985, p.152). Freud’s question has not been answered, or even addressed, since he first posed it, despite the widespread recognition that some ages have more symbolic significance than others. Professional works on the life cycle (Erikson, 1959; Birren, 1964; Riley, Abeles, & Teitelbaum, 1982; Kakar, 1979; Levinson, 1978; Colarusso & Nemiroff, 1981; Falicov, 1988; Karp, 1988) have not systematically discussed the psychological consequences of reaching symbolic ages like 40, 50, 60, 70, or 80 (aside from attention to the psychological impact of retirement at age 65). The topic of symbolic ages also seems to have been largely overlooked in literary works and entirely overlooked in research on suicide and in popular psychological discussions of aging (Sheehy, 1976). Failure to address this subject is puzzling in view of the very general tendency to regard certain ages as symbolic milestones, sometimes approached with celebration, but often regarded with dread and foreboding.
Yukawa unification and neutralino dark matter in SU(4)c X SU(2)L X SU(2)R

We consider a left-right symmetric SU(4){sub c}xSU(2){sub L}xSU(2){sub R} (4-2-2) model with gravity mediated supersymmetry breaking. We find that with 4-2-2 compatible nonuniversal gaugino masses, t-b-{tau} Yukawa coupling unification is consistent with neutralino dark matter abundance and with constraints from collider experiments (except (g-2){sub {mu}}). The gluino mass lies close to that of the lightest neutralino, so that the gluino coannihilation channel plays an important role in determining the neutralino relic abundance. By relaxing the Yukawa unification constraint we find stau and stop masses as low as 200-220 GeV. We highlight some benchmark points for these cases with 40{<=}tan{beta}{<=}58.
Atypical Intraepidermal Melanocytic Proliferation Masked by a Tattoo: Implications for Tattoo Artists and Public Health Campaigns

Tattoos have become increasingly popular worldwide. While tattoos carry a minimal risk of complications, previous reports have located malignant melanoma hidden within tattoos. We present a case of an atypical intraepidermal melanocytic proliferation masked by a large tattoo in a 39-year-old Caucasian male. Tattooed skin can be difficult to examine, particularly when the tattoos are dark, pigmented, and extensive. We demonstrate that a careful examination of tattooed skin leads to the early detection of atypical melanocytic proliferations. We present an extensive review of literature related to the relationship between tattoos and skin cancer, as well as public health recommendations for tattoo artists and individuals seeking to obtain tattoos. We urge a vigilant examination of tattooed skin and encourage collaboration between dermatologists and tattoo artists in promoting the detection of suspicious lesions prior and following tattooing.
Shorter-course treatment for Mycobacterium ulcerans disease with high-dose rifamycins and clofazimine in a mouse model of Buruli ulcer.

Starting in 2004, the standard regimen for treatment of Buruli ulcer (BU) recommended by the World Health Organization has been daily treatment for eight weeks with rifampin (RIF) and streptomycin. Based on recent clinical trials, treatment with an all-oral regimen of RIF and clarithromycin (CLR) may be an effective alternative. With the achievement of an all-oral regimen, a new goal is to find a regimen that can shorten the duration of treatment without compromising efficacy. We recently observed that increasing the dose of RIF from the standard 10 mg/kg dose to 20 or 40 mg/kg, or replacing RIF with the more potent long-acting rifamycin, rifapentine (RPT) at 10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg increased the bactericidal activity of the RIF+CLR regimen in a mouse model of BU. We also recently showed that replacing CLR with clofazimine(CFZ) at 25 mg/kg may have greater sterilizing activity than the RIF+CLR regimen. Here, we demonstrate that combining high-dose rifamycins with CFZ at a lower dose of 12.5 mg/kg results in similar reductions in swelling, bacterial burden and mycolactone concentrations in mouse footpads compared to the standard regimens and more rapid sterilization of footpads as determined by the proportions of footpads harboring viable bacteria three months after completion of treatment. The potential of these high-dose rifamycin and CFZ combinations to shorten BU treatment to four weeks warrants evaluation in a clinical trial. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03474198, NCT01659437
The Impact of Measurement Research on Prefabrication and Modulation in SOM’s Postwar Housing and Office Buildings

Skidmore, Owings, and Merrill (SOM) committed to innovations in prefabrication and modulation of construction in the mid-twentieth century. This paper examines SOM’s collaboration with the John B. ...
Complex male mate choice in the brush-legged wolf spider Schizocosa ocreata (Hentz)

What a male finds attractive in a female can vary depending on experience and context. In the brush-legged wolf spider, when compared to lab-reared males, males that develop under natural conditions care less about a female’s mating history when she is available to court but are less interested in a mated female when her location is uncertain. Further studies may shine light on the causes and benefits of these differences.
The rate of viral transfer between upper and lower respiratory tracts determines RSV illness duration

Respiratory syncytial virus can lead to serious lower respiratory infection (LRI), particularly in children and the elderly. LRI can cause longer infections, lingering respiratory problems, and higher incidence of hospitalization. In this paper, we use a simplified ordinary differential equation model of viral dynamics to study the role of transport mechanisms in the occurrence of LRI. Our model uses two compartments to simulate the upper respiratory tract and the lower respiratory tract (LRT) and assumes two distinct types of viral transfer between the two compartments: diffusion and advection. We find that a range of diffusion and advection values lead to long-lasting infections in the LRT, elucidating a possible mechanism for the severe LRI infections observed in humans.
Return to Sport Following Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) can present with debilitating symptoms in an athlete, affecting both their level of performance and activities of daily life. The prevalence of FAI in the athletic population is greater than in the general population, but the reasons are unknown. The rate of return to sport following surgery for FAI has been a popular research topic, and results have been promising. However, there are still a significant number of athletes who do not return to their sport. Additionally, the rate of return to previous level of competition has largely been neglected in the literature, which is arguably more important than the rate of return to sport. The literature is varied regarding radiographic assessment of FAI, patient reported outcome measures, time to follow-up, and overall methodological quality. This chapter aims to review risk factors for failure of return to sport, and predictors affecting the return to previous level of competition in the athlete after FAI treatment.
Changes in the SAT in 1994.

troduced primarily to reduce the need for students who were applying to several different selective colleges to take entrance examinations specific to each institution. Thus, the goal of the first SAT was to serve as a standard measure of ability to as sist colleges in making admissions decisions. This goal continues to be the primary objective of the SAT. Since 1926 the test has been known as the Scholastic Aptitude Test. The word "aptitude" sug gests innate ability in an area rather than knowl edge and skills that can be acquired by in-school and out-of-school experiences. Because both verbal and mathematical skills and concepts can be learned and because reasoning and problem solving skills can be developed, the name of the test will become simply SAT-I. All the tests cur rently in the College Board's achievement series (e.g., Mathematics Level I), as well as some new tests, will come under the heading SAT-II. The SAT's content and the formats of the items have changed considerably over the years. For ex ample, in 1926 the mathematics portion of the SAT consisted of two sections ? a twenty-item sec tion of arithmetic word problems and a twenty five-item section requiring students to complete number sequences. A premium was placed on
Non-cleft Velopharyngeal Insufficiency

Non-cleft velopharyngeal dysfunction is an eclectic concept. It involves the intersection of multiple etiologies of disorders (neuromuscular, functional, or postsurgical) that impact the normal function of the aerodigestive tract for voicing, speaking, swallowing, and other oral pressure generation tasks (like blowing up balloon and playing a brass or woodwind instrument). Specifically defining the affected population is challenging, as even patients with similar etiologies may present in a widely different manner. Milder cases may go undetected or ignored due to burden of care, medical complexity, or poor awareness of the signs and symptoms of velopharyngeal dysfunction. A thorough and flexible assessment of the disorder and its impact on swallowing, resonance, speech intelligibility, and overall patient quality of life is particularly important in order to tailor a treatment protocol.
Segmentation of the Prostatic Gland and the Intraprostatic Lesions on Multiparametic Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using Mask Region-Based Convolutional Neural Networks.

Abstract Purpose Accurate delineation of the prostate gland and intraprostatic lesions (ILs) is essential for prostate cancer dose-escalated radiation therapy. The aim of this study was to develop a sophisticated deep neural network approach to magnetic resonance image analysis that will help IL detection and delineation for clinicians. Methods and Materials We trained and evaluated mask region-based convolutional neural networks to perform the prostate gland and IL segmentation. There were 2 cohorts in this study: 78 public patients (cohort 1) and 42 private patients from our institution (cohort 2). Prostate gland segmentation was performed using T2-weighted images (T2WIs), although IL segmentation was performed using T2WIs and coregistered apparent diffusion coefficient maps with prostate patches cropped out. The IL segmentation model was extended to select 5 highly suspicious volumetric lesions within the entire prostate. Results The mask region-based convolutional neural networks model was able to segment the prostate with dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 0.88 ± 0.04, 0.86 ± 0.04, and 0.82 ± 0.05; sensitivity (Sens.) of 0.93, 0.95, and 0.95; and specificity (Spec.) of 0.98, 0.85, and 0.90. However, ILs were segmented with DSC of 0.62 ± 0.17, 0.59 ± 0.14, and 0.38 ± 0.19; Sens. of 0.55 ± 0.30, 0.63 ± 0.28, and 0.22 ± 0.24; and Spec. of 0.974 ± 0.010, 0.964 ± 0.015, and 0.972 ± 0.015 in public validation/public testing/private testing patients when trained with patients from cohort 1 only. When trained with patients from both cohorts, the values were as follows: DSC of 0.64 ± 0.11, 0.56 ± 0.15, and 0.46 ± 0.15; Sens. of 0.57 ± 0.23, 0.50 ± 0.28, and 0.33 ± 0.17; and Spec. of 0.980 ± 0.009, 0.969 ± 0.016, and 0.977 ± 0.013. Conclusions Our research framework is able to perform as an end-to-end system that automatically segmented the prostate gland and identified and delineated highly suspicious ILs within the entire prostate. Therefore, this system demonstrated the potential for assisting the clinicians in tumor delineation.
Citizen Approval of Monetary- vs Goods-For-Votes Exchanges

Does citizen approval of vote buying depend on the type of benefit being offered? I answer this question using data from a survey experiment conducted on a nationally representative sample of Nicaraguans in 2017. Nicaraguans report significantly lower approval of money-for votes exchanges compared to goods-for-votes exchanges. Furthermore, reported rates of vote buying are lower in the money condition (4.8%) than in the goods-for-votes condition (7.8%), even though the posttreatment question assessing vote buying experience was identical across conditions. This study echoes other work suggesting the need for care in designing questions about vote buying, as slight changes in question wording that prime participants to think about goods versus monetary exchanges can affect both citizen approval of the behavior and the reported prevalence of vote buying.
Why do Consumers Procrastinate and What Happens Next? An Abstract

In an intensely competitive environment, a high level of price uncertainty can challenge and confuse consumers. This paper focuses on an important phenomenon resulting from frequent deep price changes—consumer procrastination, which is defined as the decision to wait rather than make an actual purchase when one recognizes a need for purchase. Consumer procrastination has received little attention among marketing scholars, resulting in a lack of understanding of its antecedents and consequences. Through two empirical studies, we extend findings from psychology and decision making to examine the market versus personality-related factors that lead to consumer procrastination and post-decision cognitions, emotions, and behaviors that result from consumer procrastination.
Determination of Vitamins D2 and D3 in Edible Fungus by Reversed-Phase Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography

Vitamin D is the name given to a series of compounds with antirachitic activity. In this study, we developed a method for quantification of the common Vitamin D, ergocalciferol (vitamin D2), and cholecalciferol (vitamin D3), in edible fungus by reversed-phase two-dimensional liquid chromatography. The sample was saponified by KOH ethanol solution and extracted with ethyl acetate and n-hexane. After reconcentration, the sample was directly injected for instrumental analysis. The results showed that the spiking recoveries of vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 were 80.4–93.8% and 82.3–92.0%, respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) were all less than 5%. Comparing to the results of isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, there were no significant differences ( ). The method was applied for testing vitamin D2 and D3 in 9 kinds of edible mushrooms. It showed that vitamin D3 was not detected. The content of vitamin D2 ranged from 0.11 μg/100 g to 123 μg/100 g. The content of vitamin D2 in dried mushroom was the highest, while that in fresh mushroom was the lowest. The limit of quantification was 0.025 μg/100 g.
South Africa’s Return to Primary Care: The Struggles and Strides of the Primary Health Care System

Primary health care has a unique history in South Africa, where efforts to provide holistic health care to rural communities began in the early 1940s. The racial and social inequalities brought by apartheid caused this progression in medical care to be reversed until South Africa’s liberation in 1990. Since then, the nation has attempted to adopt a health care system with its main focus on primary care and prevention. However, given the numerous other economic and political issues the government faces, the establishment of a strong primary care network has proven difficult. In May and June 2013, the author traveled to Cape Town, South Africa and volunteered at a large public primary health care facility. By discussing the current challenges of the South African health care system from personal experiences in the clinic, this paper highlights the central problems that continue today and suggests areas for improvement within primary health care in the post-apartheid nation.
SHORT-PERIOD VELOCITY FLUCTUATIONS OF TWO GLACIERS ON MT. WRANGELL, ALASKA

Mt. Wrangell, a glacier-covered volcano, has experienced increased heat flow since 1964. Coincident with this, glaciers on the northeast flank of the volcano began advancing. In 1981, the short-period motion (2 to 12 hr) of a glacier on the northeast flank was measured. In 1982, a similar study was conducted on a glacier on the west flank. The west-flank glacier flowed faster and experienced five times greater fluctuations in velocity than the northeast-flank glacier. These fluctuations were generally synchronous throughout the lower part of the glacier, but asynchronous fluctuations were observed to propagate both up-and down-glacier. Periods of increased velocity coincided with uplift of the glacier surface (up to 10 cm); periods of decreased velocity followed abrupt surface subsidence. Changes in the velocity of the northeast-flank glacier were less coherent spatially, and significant movement of the glacier surface did not occur. The different styles of motion of the two glaciers may reflect fundament...
Clinical findings for dogs undergoing elective and nonelective cholecystectomies for gall bladder mucoceles

Objectives The purpose of this study was to describe elective and nonelective post-cholecystectomy complications and mortality rates in dogs with a gall bladder mucocele. The secondary purpose was to report complications and mortality rates for different methods of common bile duct catheterisation. Materials and methods A multi-institutional retrospective case series was performed to identify dogs with a gall bladder mucocele between 2004 and 2018 that underwent a cholecystectomy. Dogs were classified into nonelective or elective based on the presence or absence, respectively, of gall bladder rupture, biliary duct distension, clinical signs or hyperbilirubinemia. Each cholecystectomy was classified into three groups: duodenotomy and retrograde catheterisation, normograde catheterisation or no catheterisation. Complications were divided into four grades based on increasing severity and mortality rates were assessed for each. Results The mortality rate was 2 (6%) out of 31 for dogs undergoing an elective cholecystectomy and 21 (23%) out of 90 for dogs undergoing a nonelective cholecystectomy. The complication rate was 52% for the elective cholecystectomy and 50% for nonelective cholecystectomy. The majority of the complications in the elective category were grade 1 (mild). Post-operative hyperthermia developed in 35% of dogs that had a duodenotomy and retrograde common bile duct catheterisation, in 4% of dogs with a normograde common bile duct catheterisation and in 7% of dogs that did not have the common bile duct catheterised. Clinical significance Elective cholecystectomy in dogs with a gall bladder mucocele in this study carried a low mortality rate and a relatively high frequency of minor complications.
Governing Complexity in World Politics

Complexity is the new global ontology for world politics. This article summarizes the characteristics of complexity and its implications for informed US state policy making. We conclude with some suggestions about administrative reforms to improve US policy making to address global complexity.
Policy Spotlight: Ongoing Expert Advice on Pandemic Policies

To monitor some effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on Illinois, IGPA established a diverse panel of experts in economics, public health, and vulnerable populations, throughout the state. Panelists agreed to complete periodic surveys. This report summarizes some findings from this Pandemic Stress Indicator Expert Panel in surveys conducted over the second half of 2020. The project was intended to assist public officials making tough decisions, by expanding available advice and information. We aimed also to inform the public about key aspects of the crisis. Rather than settle for a one-time summary of our best read of expert opinion about policy options circa April 2020, we created this process for continuing collection of evolving, informed views. We sought expertise from multiple kinds of experts precisely because of the inherent tradeoffs involved in pandemic policy. Through the summer, our experts were largely pessimistic about conditions worsening by year's end, though not pessimistic enough, it would turn out. They supported most restrictions in place, but differed on some key tradeoffs. Supplemental Expert Panels: Pandemic Stress Indicator: Expert Panel 1 Pandemic Stress Indicator: Expert Panel 2 Pandemic Stress Indicator: Expert Panel 3 Pandemic Stress Indicator: Expert Panel 4 Pandemic Stress Indicator: Expert Panel 5 Pandemic Stress Indicator: Expert Panel 6 Pandemic Stress Indicator: Expert Panel 7 Pandemic Stress Indicator: Expert Panel 8 Pandemic Stress Indicator: Expert Panel 9 Pandemic Stress Indicator: Expert Panel 10
Pose Estimation for Underwater Vehicles using Light Beacons

Abstract This paper presents an approach for estimating the relative location and orientation between two or more underwater vehicles operating in tight formation. One of the vehicles is equipped with a camera of wide field of view. The other vehicle(s) are equipped with active light markers to enable the use of computer vision for pose estimation. The pose estimation addresses two scenarios, which are both important from the operational point of view. The first pertains to the availability of an acoustic communication channel which allows for exchanging attitude data and acoustic ranging, and use it in the pose estimation procedure. The second corresponds to the exclusive use of a set of 4 or more optical beacons with no acoustic information exchange, which is a capability that has not been yet proposed nor demonstrated in underwater vehicles. The contributions can be summarize as (1) a novel method of estimating the pose of an autonomous underwater vehicle using light beacons and other sensors when available, (2) an automated marker configuration analysis approach. Performance of the pose estimation approach is evaluated using synthetic and real data.
Intelligent Agent Based Approach to Sales Operations at eStores

In our paper, we consider the application of Intelligent Agents in supporting the operations in an Internet-based store (estore). We consider and discuss different opportunities for employing Intelligent Agents to improve the performance of an estore's operations, including sales, forecasting demand and supporting order fulfillment. We provide a framework for the application of such agents, show available sources of information, and discuss challenging issues in modeling learning and decision processes for agents.
Uncertainty and Incompleteness: Breaking the Symmetry of Defeasible Reasoning

Abstract Two major difficulties in using default logics are their intractability and the problem of selecting among multiple extensions. We propose an approach to these problems based on integrating nonmonotonic reasoning with plausible reasoning based on triangular norms. A previously proposed system for reasoning with uncertainty (RUM) performs uncertain monotonic inferences on an acyclic graph. We have extended RUM to allow nonmonotonic inferences and cycles within nonmonotonic rules. By restricting the size and complexity of the nonmonotonic cycles we can still perform efficient inferences. Uncertainty measures provide a basis for deciding among multiple defaults. Different algorithms and heuristics for finding the optimal defaults are discussed.
Primary prophylaxis of esophageal variceal bleeding.

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Design and bioinformatics analysis of genome-wide CLIP experiments

The past decades have witnessed a surge of discoveries revealing RNA regulation as a central player in cellular processes. RNAs are regulated by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) at all post-transcriptional stages, including splicing, transportation, stabilization and translation. Defects in the functions of these RBPs underlie a broad spectrum of human pathologies. Systematic identification of RBP functional targets is among the key biomedical research questions and provides a new direction for drug discovery. The advent of cross-linking immunoprecipitation coupled with high-throughput sequencing (genome-wide CLIP) technology has recently enabled the investigation of genome-wide RBP–RNA binding at single base-pair resolution. This technology has evolved through the development of three distinct versions: HITS-CLIP, PAR-CLIP and iCLIP. Meanwhile, numerous bioinformatics pipelines for handling the genome-wide CLIP data have also been developed. In this review, we discuss the genome-wide CLIP technology and focus on bioinformatics analysis. Specifically, we compare the strengths and weaknesses, as well as the scopes, of various bioinformatics tools. To assist readers in choosing optimal procedures for their analysis, we also review experimental design and procedures that affect bioinformatics analyses.