cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A low cost multi-wavelength tomography system based on LED sources

We present a multi-wavelength DC system using Light Emitting Diode (LED) sources of four wavelengths in the near infrared range. These LEDs are commercially available, much cheaper than laser diodes, and have adequate power to probe deeply seated lesions. In our system, 8 groups of LEDs of four wavelengths were deployed on a hand-held probe and 10 PMT detectors were fiber coupled to the probe. A co-registered ultrasound (US) array located in the middle of the probe provided lesion location and morphology, which were used for assisting near infrared imaging reconstruction. Experiments evaluated the performance of the LED based DC system using phantom targets.
Dependent edges in Mycielski graphs and 4-colorings of 4-skeletons

A dependent edge in an acyclic orientation of a graph is one whose reversal creates a directed cycle. In answer to a question of Erdos, Fisher et al. [5] define dmin(G) to be the minimum number of dependent edges of a graph G, where the minimum is taken over all acyclic orientations of G, and also rm,k as the supremum of the ratio dmin(G)-e(G), where e(G) is the number of edges in G and the supremum is taken over all graphs G with chromatic number m and girth k. They show that $r_{m,k}\le (m-2)/m$ and r4,4 ≥ 1-20. We show that r5,4 ≥ 4-71, r6,4 ≥ 7-236, and r7,4 ≥ 11-755 and that the Mycielski construction on a triangle-free graph with at least one dependent edge yields a graph with at least three dependent edges. In addition, we give an alternative proof of the answer to Erdos's question, based on Tysdal [6] and Youngs [7]. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 46: 285–296, 2004
Antinociceptive effects of vaginal stimulation in rats: Neurophysiological and behavioral studies

Abstract The present studies extend previous findings that probing the vaginal cervix of rats blocks withdrawal reflexes and induces immobilization44. In the present studies, we report that this effect is apparently not due to an action on the finalmotor pathway, for limb or facial movement induced by electrical stimulation of the pyramidal tract was not suppressed by the probing. In contrast, thesensory response of neurons in the ventrobasal complex of the thalamus to noxious pinch stimulation was markedly attenuated by probing the vaginal cervix. However, the response of these neurons to gentle tactile stimulation was not attenuated, indicating a selective antincociceptive effect of the probing. The antinociceptive effect was not necessarily related to changes in arousal. These findings were supported by behavioral studies in which probing the vaginal cervix blocked vocalization in response to tail shock, and elevated the current threshold for eliciting vocalization in response to tail shock. Furthermore, during the probing, the rats were found to be capable of vocalizing in response to presumably non-noxious (lifting) stimulation, even though their vocalization response to noxious tail shock was suppressed. These studies suggest that probing the vaginal cervix in rats exerts an analgesic action.
Ectopic expression of mouse Sry interferes with Wnt/β-catenin signaling in mouse embryonal carcinoma cell lines

In mammals, Sry is the master regulator of male sex determination, although how it functions is still unclear. By contrast, female sex determination depends on the action of Rspo1 and Wnt4, the regulators of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. To seek a possible interaction between male and female sex determination mechanisms, we examined whether Sry affects Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Using the TOPFLASH reporter system to measure Lef/Tcf-dependent transcriptional activity, we showed that ectopic expression of mouse Sry strongly suppressed Wnt/β-catenin signaling in mouse embryonal carcinoma and human embryonic kidney cell lines. This inhibition occurred downstream of β-catenin but upstream of Lef/Tcf, and depended on both the HMG-box and the C-terminal transcriptional activation domain. By contrast, TOPFLASH was not inhibited by human SRY, which apparently lacks a transcriptional activation domain. However, a fusion construct consisting of human SRY attached to the C-terminal domain of mouse Sry was able to inhibit TOPFLASH effectively. Furthermore, Sry constructs carrying point mutations equivalent to those in human sex reversal mutations were less effective in inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Also, we showed that the action of Sry as a transcriptional activator was both necessary and sufficient to inhibit Wnt/β-catenin signaling, suggesting that the transcriptional targets of Sry are responsible for the inhibition of signaling. Sox9 is a potential transcriptional target of Sry, although quantitative RT-PCR analysis indicates that the expression of Sox9 was not up-regulated by the ectopic expression of mouse Sry in mouse embryonal carcinoma cells. While the present study demonstrates an impact of mouse Sry on Wnt/β-catenin signaling at an in vitro level, it requires further investigations to assess whether such action also takes place in vivo to regulate male sex determination.
The generation of available potential energy by sensible heating: a case study

The importance of the sensible heat transfer from the ocean to the atmosphere within an east coast cyclone is studied using the concept of available potential energy. Both the generation of the storm's available potential energy by this diabatic component and the boundary layer frictional dissipation are estimated. The sensible heat transfer through the interface is calculated by employing the bulk aerodynamic method. The ten meter wind speed is estimated from the surface geostrophic wind models of Rossby & Montgomery (1935) and Lettau (1961). For each model, both a variable wind dependent and a fixed roughness parameter are utilized. The sensible heat flux from the four different computations varied by 50% showing the sensitivity of the flux estimates to the modeling of the boundary layer winds. From the flux calculations both upper and lower bound estimates of the storm generation by the sensible heating are determined. The upper bound estimate is made by adding all the thermal energy to the superadiabatic surface layer, a few millibars in vertical extent, while the lower bound is determined by distributing the energy uniformly within the dry adiabatic mixing layer extending from a few to several hundred millibars vertically. These bounds reflect the uncertainty in the nature of the energy transfer between the turbulent scale of the boundary layer and the quasi-horizontal scale of the storm. It is postulated that the true generation is bounded by these upper and lower estimates. For the small area of 5.4 times 10 2 m 2 , the lower bound generation estimates range from 0.7 to 1.9 watts m?2 at OOz and 1.3 to 3.1 watts m?2 at 12z while the upper bound ranges from 1.5 to 3.9 at OOz and 2.6 to 6.1 at 12z for the four different estimates of sensible heat transfer. The boundary layer frictional dissipation increases from 2.7 at OOz to 7.1 watts m?2 at 12z. The results indicate that sensible heat generation is significant in the creation of the cyclone's available potential energy, particularly during the early cyclogenetic stage. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1971.tb00594.x
Optimal Trading of ETFs: Spreadsheet Prototypes and Applications to Client-Server Applications

This paper presents an application of an Excel spreadsheet-development methodology used by quantitative analysts and traders in financial markets. The spreadsheet used regression and Excel's Solver to determine the optimal investment of a firm's risk capital. The proprietary methodology used to develop real-time trading tools and its repetitive design structure allowed the firm to become a market-maker exchange traded fund (ETF) rapidly. By adhering to the methodology, the firm's documentation of user requirements, data inputs, calculations, and user interfaces, and a full prototype using Excel, made incremental growth possible and provided a solid foundation for conversion into coded software. Rapid development gave the firm the opportunity to derive revenue from market-making activities in new investment products; these would become a major source of revenue. This methodology, which the authors presented in 2001 at the International Conference on Software Quality in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and its implementation led to the development of a complete trading-system development methodology.
Developing athletic “atomic armaments”: The role of sports medicine in Cold War France, 1958–1992 ☆ ☆☆

Abstract As the national and ideological battles of the Cold War moved into the sports arena, many states sanctioned sports development programs to create winning athletes to represent the nation at elite international competitions. For France, mired in a variety of crises during the 1960s, this meant producing athletes who could restore national prestige and honour via sports victories. Such athletic “atomic armaments” could garner soft power through athletic success and restore the image and glory of the nation. Part of the prescription for improving performances was to encourage the development of sports medicine. At the same time, medical supervision and knowledge were applied to protect the health of the nation's premier sportsmen and women, particularly youth athletes who represented the upcoming generation of “winners.” While originally designed for the elite athlete, sports medicine trickled down into amateur and sports-leisure ranks, thus becoming an affair of state.
Structures of mammalian cytosolic quinone reductases

The metabolism of quinone compounds presents one source of oxidative stress in mammals, as many pathways proceed by mechanisms that generate reactive oxygen species as by-products. One defense against quinone toxicity is the enzyme NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase type 1 (QR1), which metabolizes quinones by a two-electron reduction mechanism, thus averting production of radicals. QR1 is expressed in the cytoplasm of many tissues, and is highly inducible. A closely related homologue, quinone reductase type 2 (QR2), has been identified in several mammalian species. QR2 is also capable of reducing quinones to hydroquinones, but unlike QR1, cannot use NAD(P)H. X-ray crystallographic studies of QR1 and QR2 illustrate that despite their different biochemical properties, these enzymes have very similar three-dimensional structures. In particular, conserved features of the active sites point to the close relationship between these two enzymes.
Django Unchained, Voyeurism Unleashed

In his latest shock-fest, director Quentin Tarantino cloaks a revenge fantasy in a redemptive slave story and leaves a bad taste in one sociologist’s mouth.
Some Effects of Irrelevant Information upon Problem-Solving by Small Groups

(1958). Some Effects of Irrelevant Information upon Problem-Solving by Small Groups. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 47, No. 1, pp. 33-37.
An efficient multivariate random field generator using the fast Fourier transform

It is often convenient to use synthetically generated random fields to study the hydrologic effects of spatial heterogeneity. Although there are many ways to produce such fields, spectral techniques are particularly attractive because they are fast and conceptually straightforward. This paper describes a spectral algorithm for generating sets of random fields which are correlated with one another. The algorithm is based on a discrete version of the Fourier-Stieltjes representation for multidimensional random fields. The Fourier increment used in this representation depends on a random phase angle process and a complex-valued spectral factor matrix which can be readily derived from a specified set of cross-spectral densities (or cross-covariances). The inverse Fourier transform of the Fourier increment is a complex random field with real and imaginary parts which each have the desired coveriance structure. Our complex-valued spectral formulation provides an especially convenient way to generate a set of random fields which all depend on a single underlying (independent) field, provided that the fields in question can be related by space-invariant linear transformations. We illustrate this by generating multi-dimensional mass conservative groundwater velocity fields which can be used to simulate solute transport through heterogeneous anisotropic porous media.
The spectrin membrane skeleton: emerging concepts

Spectrins are a class of multifunctional actin-binding proteins that are associated with the cortical cytoplasm of most cells. They are distinguished by a number of shared activities and structural features. In the manunalian erythrocyte, spectrin is a heterodimer composed of subunits of 240000 Mr (a) and 220000 Mr ([3). In mammalian brain and most other tissues, the subunits are 24000 Mr and 235 000 Mr (]3). Initial reports describing nonerythroid spectrins used several names, including fodrin, calspectin, TW260/240, brain calmodulin-binding protein and brain actin-binding protein. Emerging practice favors the term spectrin, prefaced by the tissue (and often species) of origin, followed by the molecular weights (in kD) of the 0t and ]3 subunits. However, the term fodrin has also gained wide acceptance as the generic non-erythroid spectrin (240/235).
Effect of blood meal processing method on performance and nitrogen utilization by growing cattle

Abstract Sixty growing calves averaging 260 kg were used in an 84-day study to evaluate vat-dried and ring-dried blood meal as protein sources for maize-silage-based diets. Protein treatments consisted of: (1) soya bean meal; (2) ring-dried blood meal-urea; (3) vat-dried blood meal-urea. Urea supplied 33% and blood meal 67% of the supplemental crude protein in the blood-meal treatments. Each protein source was fed to provide ration crude protein (CP) levels of either 10.0 or 12.5%. Animals receiving vat-dried blood meal gained less and required more feed per unit of gain, at both protein levels, than calves fed ring-dried blood meal or soya bean meal. Serum urea nitrogen and ruminal ammonia nitrogen concentrations were lower in calves fed vat-dried blood meal compared with those receiving ring-dried blood meal on Day 78 of the study. Average daily gain and feed efficiency were similar for calves fed ring-dried blood meal and soya bean meal. Animals receiving 12.5% CP had higher average daily gains, feed efficiencies, ruminal ammonia and serum urea concentrations than those fed 10.0% CP. Results suggest that vat-dried blood meal was more resistant to microbial degradation in the rumen and also to proteolysis in the small intestine than ring-dried blood meal.
Bioimpedance cardiac output measurements in patients with presumed congestive heart failure.

Objective: To describe preliminary ED experience with thoracic electrical bioimpedance (TEB) for evaluation of patients with complaints suggestive of congestive heart failure (CHF). Methods: A 6-month, prospective, observational study was performed using a convenience sample of patients with signs and symptoms consistent with CHF. Patients were excluded if they had received medication prior to arrival in the ED, if they were obese, and if they had unstable vital signs. They also were excluded if they were combative, refused to sign consent, or had invasive lines that did not allow for TEB lead placement. Patients also were excluded if the study could not be completed because the patient was taken from the department for a diagnostic test, or if there were no good follow-up records available 6–12 months after the patient's visit. The patient's physician was blinded to the output of the TEB monitor. Cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV), end-diastolic volume (EDV), thoracic fluid index (TFI), and acceleration index (ACI) were recorded at 5-minute intervals. Results were evaluated for the time intervals 0–5 minutes, 30–35 minutes, and 60–65 minutes. Results: Seven patients were included in the study. The echocardiographic diagnoses were hypertrophic car-diomyopathy (2 cases), dilated cardiomyopathy (2 cases), ischemic cardiomyopathy (1 case), right ventricular hypertrophy (1 case), and pericardial effusion (1 case). Significant changes were seen in all cardiac parameters, with variance from individual to individual. Conclusions: Significant differences in TEB variables exist between patients who appear similar on initial examination in the ED. Changes noted on TEB may help to further elucidate physiologic differences. The clinical use of TEB-based hemodynamic measurements to guide presumed CHF patient management remains speculative.
Conducting In Situ Evaluations for and With Ubiquitous Computing Technologies

Abstract To evaluate ubiquitous computing technologies, which may be embedded in the environment, embedded in objects, worn, or carried by the user throughout everyday life, it is essential to use methods that accommodate the often unpredictable, real-world environments in which the technologies are used. This article discusses how we have adapted and applied traditional methods from psychology and human-computer interaction, such as Wizard of Oz and Experience Sampling, to be more amenable to the in situ evaluations of ubiquitous computing applications, particularly in the early stages of design. The way that ubiquitous computing technologies can facilitate the in situ collection of self-report data is also discussed. Although the focus is on ubiquitous computing applications and tools for their assessment, it is believed that the in situ evaluation tools that are proposed will be generally useful for field trials of other technology, applications, or formative studies that are concerned with collecting ...
Quantitation of mucous glycoprotein removed from the respiratory tract of the rat by pulmonary lavage.

Abstract Mucousglycoprotein (MGP) hypersecretion is a cause of chronic pulmonary obstructive disease and is also a common response of the pulmonary airways to toxicant-induced injury. To examine the feasibility of employing pulmonary lavage to assess the airway MGP content of the rat, the MGP removed from the lungs of male Sprague-Dawley rats by three successive lavages with cold isotonic saline were solubilized with urea and mercaptoethanol, and were purified by ultrafiltration and Sepharose CL-6B gel chromatography. MGP, which elute with the void volume of this gel, were quantitated by their carbohydrate content. Initial studies revealed that succeedings lavages removed succeedingly less MGP, suggesting that some pool of MGP was being washed out by this procedure. In a second study, isoproterenol was administered by a regimen known to produce MGP hypersecretion in the rat as assessed by histologic criteria (100 mg/kg/day, sc, for 6 days). Lavage MGP content of isoproterenol-treated rats averaged 450 μg compared to 210 μg in vehicle-treated controls (p = 0.01). In summary, it is possible to purify and quantitate the MGP removed from the airways of the rat by pulmonary lavage and the amount of lavagable MGP is approximately doubled by isoproterenol, an agent known to induce the morphologic signs of mucous hypersecretion.
Thermochemical liquefaction of high-diversity grassland perennials.

Abstract The hydrothermal liquefaction of low-input high-diversity mixtures of native grassland perennials (LIHD), LIHD pretreated with dilute acid, and lignin extracted from LIHD was studied. The liquid yields were optimized using the following treatment variables: heating rate (5–140 °C/min), cooling rate (5–66 °C/min), reaction temperature (300–450 °C, corresponding to a pressure range of 10–35 MPa), residence time (1–30 min), particle sizes, and catalysts (1% and 0.1% sulfuric acid, 1% NaOH, solid superacid SO 4 2− /ZrO 2 –Al 2 O 3 , and solid alkali CaO–ZrO 2 ). The liquefaction yields were found to be dependent on the final liquefaction temperature, the liquefaction time, and the heating rate. The highest liquid yield, 82.1%, was achieved within a short residence time of 1 min at 374 °C. The major compounds of the liquid products from the various LIHD fractions were identified by GC–MS. LIHD could be a good candidate for the liquefaction process with a fast heating rate.
Improved conditions for murine epidermal cell culture.

An improved method for cultivating newborn mouse epidermal cells has been developed that increases the longevity, epithelial nature and efficiency of cell-line establishment. The use of Super Medium, an enriched Waymouth's formulation, increased proliferation for long periods of time, as did incubation at 31°C rather than 37°C. The fetal bovine serum requirement was found to be reduced at the lower temperature. An increase in labeling indices was seen when epidermal growth factor (EGF) or the cyclic nucleotides were added and the presence of EGF receptors was determined. Of the prostaglandins (PG) examined, PGE1 and PGE2 produced the greatest increase in DNA synthesis. The PG precursors, arachidonic and 8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid, were also greatly stimulatory. The use of a lethally irradiated 3T3 feeder layer at 31°C proved superior in maintenance of an epithelial morphology. Subculturable cell lines were established much more readily and reproducibly in carcinogen-treated cultures grown under the improved conditions.
The Structural Protein of Epidermis

These studies suggest a scheme of keratinization which is unique for epidermal tissue and different from hair and nail. Prekeratin appears to be formed as synthesis of the peptides proceeds or soon after release from the ribosomes. No neutral-soluble precursor in this process can be identified. These newly formed molecules, consisting of 2 or 3 peptide chains, align themselves along other tonofilaments probably in some staggered arrangement. This would result in the appearance of very long strands as visualized by electron microscopy. These fibrous proteins remain dissociable by acid in the Malpighian layer but during the later stages of keratinization as the stratum corneum is approached disulfide cross linking between peptide chains occurs. It would appear that this involves almost exclusively the filamentous proteins since very little in the way of a separate matrix component rich in sulfur amino acids can he demonstrated. This transformation of prekeratin into a cross-linked molecule is associated with appearance of a particular lipid having a specific orientation with respect to the long axis of filaments. An abnormality of the fibrous protein has been identified in one type of ichthyosis, the harlequin fetus. Instead of the usual α-type protein a cross-β one has been found. This does not appear to be caused by a change in conformation of the normal α-protein. Analysis of the abnormal protein show distinct differences from the α one.
Silicon-29 NMR studies of polymethylhydrosiloxanes: Spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) measurements

Abstract 29Si NMR spectra of polymethylhydrosiloxanes, Me3SiO[MeHSiO]nSiMe3 from n = 3 to 8 and 35, have been determined. Both chemical shifts and spin-lattice relaxation times (T1) have been measured. The stereochemistry at the adjacent chiral MeHSiO unit influences the nearest neighbor 29Si chemical shift. The effect of chain length and position of MeHSiO units on T1 values for Me3SiO[MeHSiO]nSiMe3 systems are discussed.
Said Nursi on Muslim–Christian Relations Leading to World Peace

Abstract This article examines the views of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi (1876–1960), specifically with regard to Muslim–Christian relations. It elaborates on his view as presented in his commentary on certain qur'anic verses (specifically 2:2 and 5:51), the first of which indicates that the devout are those who believe in both the Islamic and pre-Islamic revelations, while the second prohibits Muslims from taking Christians and Jews as friends. Nursi's interpretation is unique among all Islamic commentators. The article also discusses qur'anic texts in light of Nursi's famous Damascus sermon, in which he strongly advocates Muslim–Christian cooperation. Finally, the article gives examples from the life and writings of Nursi as references for his understanding of Muslim–Christian relations and the possibility of the cause of world peace being advanced through such positive relationships.
Transferrin receptors and gallium-67 uptake in vitro.

The relationship was studied between the number of transferrin-receptor positive cells and in vitro uptake of67Ga and125I-labeled transferrin in human cell lines, including two normal cell lines (WI-38 and foreskin fibroblasts), two transformed cell lines (AV-3 amnionic cells and Chang liver cells), and two neoplastic cell lines (HEp-2, larynx cancer and HeLa, cervical cancer). Transferrin receptors were determined by an indirect immunofluorescence technique based on their ability to bind purified human transferrin. Gallium-67 uptake was determined after a 24-h incubation of cells with Ga-67 in the presence and absence of transferrin (0–2.5 mg/ml).125I-labeled transferrin uptake was also obtained after a 24-h incubation.
A Physiological Basis for Niche Separation Between Agropyron Smithii (C3) and Bouteloua Gracilis (C4)

Agropyron smithii (a C3 species) and Bouteloua gracilis (a C4 species) occur in the same habitat of the shortgrass prairie ecosystem in northeastern Colorado. The hypothesis tested in this study was that the two species differ in their fundamental niches partly as a function of their different-physiological responses to temperature and moisture gradients. Growth and gas exchange patterns were measured on plants grown in controlled-environment chambers at cool (20'/15'C) and warm (35'/15'C) temperatures. Total dry mass growth of A. smithii was approximately two times greater when grown at cool compared to warm temperatures, whereas total dry mass of B. gracilis was 2.7 times greater when grown at warm compared to cool temperatures. The temperature for maximal growth was correlated with the temperature response patterns for gas exchange of leaves and roots. A. smithii had maximal rates of net photosynthesis when grown at cool temperatures, while B. gracilis had maximal rates when grown at warm temperatures. In plants not water stressed, net photosynthesis was limited primarily by stomatal aperture in B. gracilis and internal leaf factors in A. smithii. Rates of net photosynthesis of both species from both growth temperatures were very sensitive to leaf water potential and decreased exponentially with decreasing leaf water potential. Root respiration, measured simultaneously with leaf gas exchange in hydropon- ically grown plants, was greater in A. smithii grown at 200/150C and in B. gracilis grown at 350/150C, and decreased with decreasing solution water potential. Root respiration of warm-grown A. smithii and cool-grown B. gracilis was lower than that of plants grown at more nearly optimal temperatures and did not decrease with decreasing solution water potential. These findings suggest that the temporal displacement of growth between A. smithii and B. gracilis in their native habitat is partly a function of the differential temperature responses of photosynthesis and related metabolic processes. The differences in the temperature responses of photosynthesis appear to be a consequence of the species having different photosynthetic pathways. The similarities between the species in their physiological responses to water stress suggest that seasonal moisture gradients are not as important a parameter along which niche separation has occurred as are seasonal temperature gradients.
Cooperative Robotics for Multi-Target Observation

An important issue that arises in the automation of many security, surveillance, and reconnaissance tasks is that of observing (or monitoring) the movements of targets navigating in a bounded area ...
How Shall We Explain the Delayed-Judgment-Of-Learning Effect?

Spellman and Bjork (this issue) have proposed an explanation of our earlier findings in which people's accuracy at predicting their subsequent recall proved greater when their judgments of learning (JOLs) were delayed until shortly after study than when made immediately after study (the delayed-JOL effect) The empirically testable portion of Spellman and Bjork's explanation does not account for three relevant kinds of data (some already published and some newly presented here), including one replicated finding that disconfirms their core assumption Nevertheless, Spellman and Bjorks commentary has helped us sharpen our ideas both about what will have to be explained and about what form of explanation will be needed At present, there is not yet an adequate scientific explanation for the delayed-JOL effect
Inhibition of six copper-containing amine oxidases by the antidepressant drug tranylcypromine

Potential inhibitory effects of the clinically utilized monoamine oxidase inhibitor tranylcypromine (TCP) on mammalian, plant, bacterial, and fungal copper-containing amine oxidases have been examined. The following enzymes have been investigated: human kidney diamine oxidase (HKAO), bovine plasma amine oxidase (BPAO), equine plasma amine oxidase (EPAO), pea seedling amine oxidase (PSAO), Arthrobacter globiformis amine oxidase (AGAO), and Pichia pastoris lysyl oxidase (PPLO). Only BPAO, EPAO, and AGAO were found to lose significant levels of activity when incubated with varying amounts of TCP. Inhibition of BPAO was completely reversible, with dialysis restoring full activity. TCP inhibition of AGAO was also found to be ultimately reversible; however, dialysis did not remove all bound compounds. Chemical displacement with either substrate or a substrate analogue successfully removed all bound TCP, indicating that this compound has a high affinity for the active site of AGAO. The notable lack of TCP inhibition on HKAO argues against the inhibition of diamine oxidase as a potential source for some of the deleterious side effects occurring in patients treated with this antidepressant. The marked differences observed in behavior among these enzymes speaks to the importance of intrinsic structural differences between the active sites of copper amine oxidases (CAO) which affect reactivity with a given inhibitor.
Generative model-based metasearch for data fusion in information retrieval

"Data fusion" refers to the problem in information retrieval (IR) where several lists of documents ranked against a query are to be merged into a single ranked list for presentation to a user. Data fusion is also known as "metasearch." In a digital library setting data fusion may support operations such as federated search based on multiple repository representations. This paper presents a novel approach to the fusion problem: generative model-based Metasearch (GeM). We suggest viewing the appearance of documents in a return set as the outcome of a probabilistic process; some documents are likely to occur in the model, while others are unlikely. Using Bayesian parameter estimation to fit a multinomial distribution based on the return sets to be merged, GeM achieves a final ranking by listing documents in decreasing probability of generation under the induced model. We also introduce what we call "the impatient reader" approach to normalizing document ranks in service to the fusion operation. We report results from several experiments on TREC data suggesting that GeM, informed with impatient reader document scores, operates at state-of-the-art levels of effectiveness.
Prehospital Preparedness for Pediatric Mass-Casualty Events

OBJECTIVES. Recent events have reiterated the need for well-coordinated planning for mass-casualty events, including those that involve children. The objective of this study was to document the preparedness of prehospital emergency medical services agencies in the United States for the care of children who are involved in mass-casualty events. METHODS. A national list of all licensed prehospital emergency medical services agencies was prepared through contact with each state9s emergency medical services office. A survey was mailed to 3748 emergency medical services agencies that were selected randomly from the national list in November 2004; a second survey was mailed to nonresponders in March 2005. Descriptive statistics were used to describe study variables. RESULTS. Most (72.9%) agencies reported having a written plan for response to a mass-casualty event, but only 248 (13.3%) reported having pediatric-specific mass-casualty event plans. Most (69%) services reported that they did not have a specific plan for response to a mass-casualty event at a school. Most (62.1%) agencies reported that their mass-casualty event plan does not include provisions for people with special health care needs. Only 19.2% of the services reported using a pediatric-specific triage protocol for mass-casualty events, and 12.3% reported having a pediatrician involved in their medical control. Although most (69.3%) agencies reported participation in a local or regional disaster drill in the past year, fewer than half of those that participated in drills (49.0%) included pediatric victims. CONCLUSIONS. Although children are among the most vulnerable in the event of disaster, there are substantial deficiencies in the preparedness plans of prehospital emergency medical services agencies in the United States for the care of children in a mass-casualty event.
On secant approximations to cumulative distribution functions

SUMMARY We investigate the properties of an approximation, called the secant approximation, to the cumulative distribution function where the density is of a broad parametric class. Formulae for higher order terms are derived that give the approximation explicitly in terms of functions that define the density. In all cases examined, the first order secant approximation is monotonic and has the correct limits at both ends of the support, resulting in the important property that the approximation itself is a cumulative distribution function. We give conditions under which the approximation has bounded relative errors throughout the support. The superiority of the secant approximation is illustrated in the particular case of the skew t family of distributions, also known as Pearson's Type IV family. A collection of formulae useful for the systematic evaluation of these approximations is given in Appendix 2.
Equations for large deflections of homogeneous and layered beams with application to chaos and acoustic radiation

Abstract This work is a continuation of our early efforts on the dynamics and vibration of homogeneous and layered plates and shells. It consists of a comprehensive report on results obtained during the past year on large deflections of beams, although our recent efforts have also covered plates and shallow shells. The variational equation of motion for a new simplified case for large rotations in nonlinear elasticity theory is presented. Based on this, the equations of motion and simple dynamical models are derived systematically for beams of various types, by considering the effects of transverse shear and buckling as well as large deflection. These include homogeneous beams of both classical and Timoshenko types, laminated composite beams, and sandwich beams with isotropic or orthotropic core and isotropic or laminated composite facings. As applications we look into the area of chaos, by paying special attention to the effect of damping, and the area of acoustic radiation generated by nonlinear and chaotic vibrations in beams, by proposing a new method of analysis. Further use of the package of tools and models developed here for the purpose of avoiding chaos is also indicated.
THALAMIC PATHWAYS FOR ACTIVE VISION

Active vision requires the integration of information coming from the retina with that generated internally within the brain, especially by saccadic eye movements. Just as visual information reaches cortex via the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus, this internal information reaches the cerebral cortex through other higher-order nuclei of the thalamus. This review summarizes recent work on four of these thalamic nuclei. The first two pathways convey internal information about upcoming saccades (a corollary discharge) and probably contribute to the neuronal mechanisms that underlie stable visual perception. The second two pathways might contribute to the neuronal mechanisms underlying visual spatial attention in cortex and in the thalamus itself.
The Effect of Culture on the Academic Honesty of Marketing and Business Students

Two trends in marketing higher education include (a) growing opportunities for intercultural encounters in the classroom and (b) a growing concern about student academic honesty. Research regarding...
Surgery for endometrial cancer complicated by postoperative chylous ascites: a case report

1 SUMMARY Chylous ascites is an uncommon condition encountered during the treatment of gynecologic malignancies. In this case, we report the clinical presentation and management of this condition following surgical staging of endometrial cancer.
Growth, Development, and Mating Behavior of the Citrus Red Mite (Acarina: Tetranychidae)

The development from egg to adult of Panonychus citri (McGregor) on mature lemon leaf discs averaged 11.0 days for females and 10.8 days for males at 26±1°C and 70±5% relative humidity. Overall mortality averaged 16.0%, but mortality was highest in the egg stage (6.0%). The preoviposition period averaged 1 day. Fertilized females produced an average 28.4 eggs in 11.5 days. The life span of adult males averaged 8.5 days, and individual males inseminated an average 9.8 females in 24 hours. Time spent in copulation averaged 14.5 minutes. Only 1 female accepted a 2nd mating when females were exposed to males 3, 6, or 9 days after the 1st insemination.
Classifying free-text triage chief complaints into syndromic categories with natural languages processing

Objective: Develop and evaluate a natural language processing application for classifying chief complaints into syndromic categories for syndromic surveillance.Introduction: Much of the input data for artificial intelligence applications in the medical field are free-text patient medical records, including dictated medical reports and triage chief complaints. To be useful for automated systems, the free-text must be translated into encoded form.Methods: We implemented a biosurveillance detection system from Pennsylvania to monitor the 2002 Winter Olympic Games. Because input data was in free-text format, we used a natural language processing text classifier to automatically classify free-text triage chief complaints into syndromic categories used by the biosurveillance system. The classifier was trained on 4700 chief complaints from Pennsylvania. We evaluated the ability of the classifier to classify free-text chief complaints into syndromic categories with a test set of 800 chief complaints from Utah.Results: The classifier produced the following areas under the ROC curve: Constitutional = 0.95; Gastrointestinal = 0.97; Hemorrhagic = 0.99; Neurological = 0.96; Rash = 1.0; Respiratory = 0.99; Other = 0.96. Using information stored in the system's semantic model, we extracted from the Respiratory classifications lower respiratory complaints and lower respiratory complaints with fever with a precision of 0.97 and 0.96, respectively.Conclusion: Results suggest that a trainable natural language processing text classifier can accurately extract data from free-text chief complaints for biosurveillance.
Surrogate Decision Making for the Previously Capable Minor

An older-adolescent patient becomes incapable of making medical decisions due to the progression of his illness. The medical team members are faced with a conflict between what the law requires and their ethical convictions regarding who should be the surrogate decision maker. A discussion of relevant law and ethical standards is presented as it applies to similar situations.
Influence of alloying elements on grain-growth in Zr(Fe) and Cu(Fe) thin-films under in situ ion-irradiation

Thin-films of Zr(Fe) and Cu(Fe) were ion-irradiated in situ in a transmission electron microscope to study the influence of alloying elements on grain-growth. These two systems are different in that Zr–Fe has a negative heat of mixing and Cu–Fe a positive heat of mixing. Irradiations conducted at temperatures of 20–573 K showed precipitation in Zr(Fe) but not in Cu(Fe). The grain sizes increased monotonically with fluence and in both cases the pure metal exhibited more grain-growth than the alloy. A more drastic reduction of grain-growth rate was observed in Zr(Fe) (where precipitate drag occurred) than in Cu–Fe (where only solute drag was available). Zr(Fe) samples were also subjected to 1 MeV electron irradiation but no grain-growth was observed. The results are discussed in terms of the mechanisms of grain-growth under irradiation.
Determinants of Trade Orientation in Less Developed Countries

The success of East Asian Newly Industrializing Countries often has been attributed to their outward-oriented trade strategies. Cross-national analysis of trade orientation reveals that the degree of export-oriented industrialization (measured as manufacturing exports as a percentage of gross domestic product) is associated closely with relative factor endowments. While Singapore and Taiwan are more outward oriented than expected by the cross-national norm, Hong Kong is less outward oriented than expected.
Living With Depressive Symptoms: Patients With Heart Failure

Background—Patients with heart failure often experience depressive symptoms that affect healthrelated quality of life, morbidity, and mortality. Researchers have not described the experience of patients with heart failure living with depressive symptoms. Understanding this experience will help in developing interventions to decrease depressive symptoms. Objective—To describe the experience of patients with heart failure living with depressive symptoms. Methods—This study was conducted by using a qualitative descriptive design. The sample consisted of 10 outpatients (50% female, mean age 63 [SD, 13] years, 70% New York Heart Association class III or IV) with heart failure who were able to describe depressive symptoms. Data were collected via taped, individual, 30- to 60-minute interviews. ATLAS ti (version 5) was used for content analysis. Results—Participants described emotional and somatic symptoms of depression. Negative thinking was present in all participants and reinforced their depressed mood. The participants experienced multiple stressors that worsened depressive symptoms. The overarching strategy for managing depressive symptoms was “taking my mind off of it.” Patients managed depressive symptoms by engaging in activities such as exercise and reading, and by using positive thinking, spirituality, and social support. Conclusions—Patients with heart failure experience symptoms of depression that are similar to those experienced by the general population. Clinicians should assess patients with heart failure for stressors that worsen depressive symptoms. Strategies that researchers and clinicians can use to reduce depressive symptoms in patients with heart failure include engaging patients in activities, positive thinking, and spirituality. Helping patients find enhanced social support may also be important. Heart failure is a chronic syndrome that affects 5 million people in the United States 1 and is the most common cause of hospitalization in elderly adults. 2 Major depressive disorder is common in hospitalized patients with heart failure. One-third of hospitalized patients with heart failure have major depression, and 40% of these persons are still depressed 1 year later. 3
Hope and depression: A light in the darkness

Abstract It is suggested that balance is a fundamental and adaptive aspect of human existence. Using this premise, the author presents hope as a natural balancing force against depression.
An integral part of strategic planning for sport organisations: training employees

Training employees in today's turbulent economic times has been recognised as added value to both organisations and employees. Such training allows organisations to deliver better quality/products with fewer resources and personnel. A needs assessment process of needs and resources of both the organisation and its employees could mean the difference between viability or disappearance of said organisation, by enhancing the organisation's (and its employees) efficiency and effectiveness.
Effect of piperoxane hydrochloride (benodaine) on the hypertension accompanying Cushing's syndrome.

Since Cushing in 1932 (1) first described the syndrome that now bears his name, several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the hypertension which usually accompanies this condition. Albright (2) suggested that the elevated blood pressure might be related to a disturbance in electrolytes. Heinebecker (3) postulated that a “depression of the secretion of the neurohypophysis or its neutralization by other hormones results in a sensitization of blood vessels to epinephrine, to renin and to the desoxycorticosterone eosinophile complex.” Unequivocal experimental verification of these hypotheses is lacking. Kurland and Freedberg (4) in 1951 studied the vascular responsiveness of 3 normotensive subjects without Cushing's syndrome to intravenous infusions of norepinephrine as measured by the rise in blood pressure. They found that adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and cortisone markedly augmented the pressor response to norepinephrine.
Gene Recognition Based on DAG Shortest Paths

We describe \Dagger{}, an \abinit{} gene recognition program which combines the output of high dimensional signal sensors in an intuitive gene model based on directed acyclic graphs. In the first stage, candidate start, donor, acceptor, and stop sites are scored using the SNoW learning architecture. These sites are then used to generate a directed acyclic graph in which each source-sink path represents a possible gene structure. Training sequences are used to optimize an edge weighting function so that the shortest source-sink path maximizes exon-level prediction accuracy. Experimental evaluation of prediction accuracy on two benchmark data sets demonstrates that \Dagger{} is competitive with \abinit{} gene finding programs based on Hidden Markov Models.
Affect- and Self-Based Models of Relationships between Daily Events and Daily Well-Being

The present study examined affect- and self-based explanatory models of relationships between daily events and daily well-being. Twice a week for up to 10 weeks, participants described the events that occurred each day and provided measures of their daily affect, self-esteem, and depressogenic thinking. Participants also provided trait-level measures of affect, depression, and self-esteem. Measures of daily well-being representing each model covaried jointly and independently with daily negative and positive events. Positive events buffered the effects of negative events on daily self-esteem and daily depressogenic thinking, whereas there was no buffering effect for daily affect. More depressed people were more reactive to positive events, and those higher in trait PA were less reactive to negative events. Buffering effects for self-esteem were more pronounced for those with lower trait self-esteem, and buffering effects for daily depressogenic adjustment were more pronounced for those with higher trait n...