cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Predictive Value of the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score for Mortality in a Contemporary Cardiac Intensive Care Unit Population

Background Optimal methods of mortality risk stratification in patients in the cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) remain uncertain. We evaluated the ability of the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score to predict mortality in a large cohort of unselected patients in the CICU. Methods and Results Adult patients admitted to the CICU from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2015, at a single tertiary care hospital were retrospectively reviewed. SOFA scores were calculated daily, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE)‐III and APACHE‐IV scores were calculated on CICU day 1. Discrimination of hospital mortality was assessed using area under the receiver‐operator characteristic curve values. We included 9961 patients, with a mean age of 67.5±15.2 years; all‐cause hospital mortality was 9.0%. Day 1 SOFA score predicted hospital mortality, with an area under the receiver‐operator characteristic curve value of 0.83; area under the receiver‐operator characteristic curve values were similar for the APACHE‐III score, and APACHE‐IV predicted mortality ( P >0.05). Mean and maximum SOFA scores over multiple CICU days had greater discrimination for hospital mortality ( P P Conclusions The day 1 SOFA score has good discrimination for short‐term mortality in unselected patients in the CICU, which is comparable to APACHE‐III and APACHE‐IV. Advantages of the SOFA score over APACHE include simplicity, improved discrimination using serial scores, and prediction of long‐term mortality.
Comparison of the X-ray crystal structures of four closely related Mo(CO)5(R2PXR′) (R2 = OCH2CMe2CH2O, XR′ = S-2-Pr, NHC6H4-4-Me; R2 = Ph2, XR′ = NHC6H4-2-Me, OC6H4-4-SMe) complexes

The X-ray crystal structures of four closely related Mo(CO)5(R2PXR′) (R2 = OCH2CMe2CH2O, XR′ = S-2-Pr, NHC6H4-4-Me; R2 = Ph2, XR′ = NHC6H4-2-Me, OC6H4-4-SMe) complexes have been determined. The R2PXR′ ligands are oriented so that the P—X bond and one of the Mo—C bonds are nearly eclipsed. This results in the distortion of the octahedral coordination geometry via tilting of the Mo(CO)5 group away from the XR′ group. As observed in related complexes, the Mo—C bond of the carbonyl trans to the phosphorus-donor group is shorter than are the Mo—C bonds of the carbonyls trans to carbonyls. In contrast, no significant differences were observed between the Mo—C bonds of carbonyls trans to phosphites and the Mo—C bonds of carbonyls trans to phosphinites. The conformations of the 1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinanes were distorted chairs with the P end of the chair significantly flattened relative to the seat of the chair. This conformation is similar to that which has been observed for 1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinanes in other transition metal complexes.
Mental Health Among Mexican-Origin Immigrant Families: The Roles of Cumulative Sociodemographic Risk and Immigrant-Related Stress

The current study examined the unique effects of cumulative sociodemographic risk and immigrant-related stress on mental health symptoms among Mexican-origin immigrant parents and their school-age children. Further, this study tested whether the effects of cumulative sociodemographic risk and immigrant-related stress on child mental health were mediated by parent mental health. Participants included 104 Mexican-origin immigrant families. Families in the study had a child between the ages of 6 and 10 (Mage = 8.39; 61% female). Data were collected across three time points spaced 6 months apart. Immigrant-related stress was found to predict parent mental health, which in turn predicted child mental health. Cumulative sociodemographic risk did not predict parent or child mental health. Mental health symptoms generally decreased over time, but for children, change in mental health symptoms depended on parent mental health symptoms. Given the high levels of mental health symptoms among Mexican-origin parents and children, reducing a context of stress and promoting mental health interventions for Mexican-origin immigrants is critical.
Cognitive Ability and Personality Predictors of Training Program Skill Acquisition and Job Performance

Two important issues in the training process concern (1) the relative impact of cognitive ability and personality traits on the ability to acquire skills, and (2) whether training skill acquisition predicts subsequent job performance. We used a sample of 9,793 trainees to address these questions and were able to compare those who succeeded on the job with those who did not succeed on the job. We found that some personality factors positively correlate with skill acquisition and that skill acquisition can predict the level of subsequent job performance.
Simulation Programming with VBASim

This chapter shows how simulations of some of the examples in Chap. 3 can be programmed in VBASim. The goals of the chapter are to introduce VBASim, and to hint at the experiment design and analysis issues that will be covered in later chapters. A complete listing of the VBASim source code can be found in Appendix A. This chapter can be skipped without loss of continuity; Java and Matlab versions of the source code and this chapter may be found at the book website.
Clastic pipes and soft-sediment deformation of the jurassic carmel formation, southern Utah, U.S.A.: Implications for pipe formation mechanisms and host-rock controls

Abstract Vertically oriented columns of sandstone, termed clastic pipes, are common in Jurassic deposits of the Colorado Plateau. Exposures in the sabkha to fluvial strata of the Carmel Formation in southern Utah provide an excellent opportunity to understand pipe-formation mechanisms and controls on their expressions. These clastic pipes demonstrate significant variability and fall into two major categories: (1) primary textural pipes and (2) non-textural pipes. Primary textural pipes show significant textural differences relative to the host rock, including an internal outward grain coarsening indicative of traction structures. The pipes contain entrained, brecciated host material, and the surrounding host rock has associated soft-sediment deformation. Primary textural pipes formed through multiple liquefaction and fluidization events as evident from crosscutting pipes, multiple eruption horizons, traction structures, and other evidence of fluid-suspended-sediment transport. Non-textural pipes do not have significant textural differences from the surrounding host rock but have clear diagenetic differences (e.g., mineral coloration and cement differences) relative to the host rock. These non-textural pipes formed through the upward expulsion of fluids similar to primary textural pipes, but the fluid forces were likely insufficient to fully fluidize the sand. Overall, the porous, sandstone host rock plays a key role in explaining pipe characteristics, including their cylindrical geometry (versus tabular geometries in mudstones) and diagenetic expression. Pipe variability typically corresponds to lithologic and stratigraphic changes in the surrounding host rock. These pipe examples are key paleoenvironmental indicators, which give valuable information about subsurface fluids and the presence of a near-surface groundwater system.
Desiring English in Southwestern Nicaragua

This exploratory qualitative study intended to deepen understandings of learners’ desires for English, the images they associate with the English language, and what these might suggest for an Engli...
CC2020-What It Is and Why You Should Care

In 2005, the ACM, in collaboration with the Association for Information Systems (AIS) and the Computer Society (IEEE-CS), published "Computing Curricula 2005: The Overview Report" (CC2005)1, which was a "Guide to Undergraduate Degree Programs in Computing", including undergraduate degree programs in Computer Engineering, Computer Science, Information Systems, Information Technology, and Software Engineering. This document has been widely distributed, and has been reported to be very helpful in its goal to "provide perspective for those in academia who need to understand what the major computing disciplines are and how the respective undergraduate degree programs compare and complement each other." In 2015, the ACM recognized the need to update this document, and formed a task force for CC2020, intended to be a forward-looking update of the original CC2005 document. All relevant bodies of computing professionals (see Table 1) were included in a multi-national endeavor. This task force has been underway for several months, and a timeline has been set that will allow this update to be completed in 2020.
TCR Retrogenic Mice as a Model To Map Self-Tolerance Mechanisms to the Cancer Mucosa Antigen GUCY2C.

Characterizing self-tolerance mechanisms and their failure is critical to understand immune homeostasis, cancer immunity, and autoimmunity. However, examination of self-tolerance mechanisms has relied primarily on transgenic mice expressing TCRs targeting well-characterized, but nonphysiologic, model Ags, such as OVA and hemagglutinin. Identifying TCRs directed against bona fide self-antigens is made difficult by the extraordinary diversity of TCRs and the low prevalence of Ag-specific clones ( + effector T cells were isolated from immunized, nontolerant Gucy2c −/− mice. Next-generation sequencing identified GUCY2C-specific TCRs, which were engineered into CD4 + T cells in vitro to confirm TCR recognition of GUCY2C. Further, the generation of “retrogenic” mice by reconstitution with TCR-transduced hematopoietic stem cells resulted in normal CD4 + T cell development, responsiveness to immunization, and GUCY2C-induced tolerance in recipient mice, recapitulating observations in conventional models. This retrogenic model can be employed to define self-tolerance mechanisms restricting T and B cell responses to GUCY2C to optimize colorectal cancer immunotherapy without autoimmunity.
Soil fauna and their potential responses to warmer soils

Abstract Soil fauna are important contributors to ecosystem functioning as well as being tremendously diverse. Effects of warming on soil fauna are understudied and complex, with multiple covariates and a mixture of direct and indirect effects. This, combined with diverse communities, results in a suite of potential responses across temporal, spatial, and biological scales. We present a conceptual diagram to relate these interacting effects and a framework for organizing and understanding past and future research in this field. Themes common in the literature include species-specificity, site-specificity, and the challenge of disentangling the connection between temperature and moisture in soils. Much extant soil biodiversity remains undiscovered and our understanding of the current roles of soil fauna in ecosystem processes is incomplete; future research needs include a focus on these issues as well as using multivariate techniques to separate multiple interacting effects from potentially covarying factors.
Opportunities for professional learning about mathematics instruction: the role of joint work in student-teaching triads

This paper reports about professional learning related to mathematics instruction in student-teaching triads. The study focuses on how the joint work of triads offers opportunities for the professional learning of student teachers (interns), mentor teachers, and supervisors. Two elementary student-teaching triads reported different areas of and opportunities for professional learning related to mathematics instruction, with more areas and richer opportunities reported by the triad with more extensive collaboration among its members. Findings suggest the need for professional development activities in which mentors and supervisors can examine their stances toward joint work and professional learning in triads.
Blast-Mediated Traumatic Brain Injury Exacerbates Retinal Damage and Amyloidosis in the APPswePSENd19e Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease.

Purpose Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a risk factor for developing chronic neurodegenerative conditions including Alzheimer's disease (AD). The purpose of this study was to examine chronic effects of blast TBI on retinal ganglion cells (RGC), optic nerve, and brain amyloid load in a mouse model of AD amyloidosis. Methods Transgenic (TG) double-mutant APPswePSENd19e (APP/PS1) mice and nontransgenic (Non-TG) littermates were exposed to a single blast TBI (20 psi) at age 2 to 3 months. RGC cell structure and function was evaluated 2 months later (average age at endpoint = 4.5 months) using pattern electroretinogram (PERG), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and the chromatic pupil light reflex (cPLR), followed by histologic analysis of retina, optic nerve, and brain amyloid pathology. Results APP/PS1 mice exposed to blast TBI (TG-Blast) had significantly lower PERG and cPLR responses 2 months after injury compared to preblast values and compared to sham groups of APP/PS1 (TG-Sham) and nontransgenic (Non-TG-Sham) mice as well as nontransgenic blast-exposed mice (Non-TG-Blast). The TG-Blast group also had significantly thinner RGC complex and more optic nerve damage compared to all groups. No amyloid-β (Aβ) deposits were detected in retinas of APP/PS1 mice; however, increased amyloid precursor protein (APP)/Aβ-immunoreactivity was seen in TG-Blast compared to TG-Sham mice, particularly near blood vessels. TG-Blast and TG-Sham groups exhibited high variability in pathology severity, with a strong, but not statistically significant, trend for greater cerebral cortical Aβ plaque load in the TG-Blast compared to TG-Sham group. Conclusions When combined with a genetic susceptibility for developing amyloidosis of AD, blast TBI exposure leads to earlier RGC and optic nerve damage associated with modest but detectable increase in cerebral cortical Aβ pathology. These findings suggest that genetic risk factors for AD may increase the sensitivity of the retina to blast-mediated damage.
A Multiscale Model for Recruitment Aggregation of Platelets by Correlating with In Vitro Results

We developed a multiscale model to simulate the dynamics of platelet aggregation by recruitment of unactivated platelets flowing in viscous shear flows by an activated platelet deposited onto a blood vessel wall. This model uses coarse grained molecular dynamics for platelets at the microscale and dissipative particle dynamics for the shear flow at the macroscale. Under conditions of relatively low shear, aggregation is mediated by fibrinogen via αIIbβ3 receptors. The binding of αIIbβ3 and fibrinogen is modeled by a molecular-level hybrid force field consisting of Morse potential and Hooke law for the nonbonded and bonded interactions, respectively. The force field, parametrized in two different interaction scales, is calculated by correlating with the platelet contact area measured in vitro and the detaching force between αIIbβ3 and fibrinogen. Using our model, we derived, the relationship between recruitment force and distance between the centers of mass of two platelets, by integrating the molecular-scale inter-platelet interactions during recruitment aggregation in shear flows. Our model indicates that assuming a rigid-platelet model, underestimates the contact area by 89% and the detaching force by 93% as compared to a model that takes into account the platelet deformability leading to a prediction of a significantly lower attachment during recruitment. The molecular-level predictive capability of our model sheds a light on differences observed between transient and permanent platelet aggregation patterns. The model and simulation framework can be further adapted to simulate initial thrombus formation involving multiple flowing platelets as well as deposition and adhesion onto blood vessels.
The Impact of Pre-Referral Advanced Diagnostic Testing on Wait Time to See a Hand Surgeon for Common Upper-Extremity Conditions.

Purpose We sought to evaluate the use of pre- and post-referral advanced diagnostic testing among patients with 3 common hand conditions, rates of subsequent tests, and differences in wait time to see a hand surgeon. Methods We analyzed a single academic tertiary care center administrative database of encounters from 2006 to 2015 to identify adult patients who were referred to a hand surgeon for 3 conditions (carpal tunnel syndrome [CTS], soft tissue masses [STM], and joint pain [JP]). We recorded patient characteristics, use and timing of diagnostic tests, and wait time for the initial hand surgeon evaluation. Results Among patients who received advanced diagnostic tests before the surgeon evaluation, CTS patients had the highest rate of receiving pre-referral advanced testing (53.4%) compared with JP (10.6% ) and STM patients (5.8%). The CTS patients had the highest rates of repeat testing (19.5%) compared with patients with JP (1.4%) and STM (0%). Across all 3 conditions, patients who received pre-referral advanced testing waited an additional 19 to 94 days to see a surgeon, compared with patients who received only post-referral testing or no testing. Conclusions Use of pre-referral advanced diagnostic tests is associated with an increased time to see a hand surgeon for common hand conditions. Clinical relevance Hand surgeons should have a role in identifying patients who do or do not benefit from advanced testing before referral to ensure that tests ordered before consultation are useful to both patients and treating surgeons.
Innovators and Iconoclasts: Six Books on Latin American Modern and Contemporary Art

This essay reviews the following works: Abstraction in Reverse: The Reconfigured Spectator in Mid-Twentieth-Century Latin American Art. By Alexander Alberro. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2017. Pp. 368. $50.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780226393957. Twentieth-Century Art of Latin America. Revised and expanded edition. By Jacqueline Barnitz and Patrick Frank. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2015. Pp. 435. $55.00 paperback. ISBN: 9781477308042. Manifestos and Polemics in Latin American Modern Art. Edited and translated by Patrick Frank. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2017. Pp. 320. $29.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780826357885. Painting in a State of Exception: New Figuration in Argentina, 1960–1965. By Patrick Frank. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2018. Pp. 256. $40.00 paperback. ISBN: 9780813062495. Constructing an Avant-Garde: Art in Brazil, 1949–1979. By Sergio B. Martins. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2013. Pp. 248. $43.95 hardcover. ISBN: 9780262019262. The New Iconoclasts: From Art of a New Reality to Conceptual Art in Colombia, 1961–1975. By Gina McDaniel Tarver. Bogota: Facultad de Artes y Humanidades, Universidad de los Andes, 2016. Pp. 342. $130.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9789587742909.
Substituted oxindol-3-ylidenes as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitors.

Abstract AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a central metabolic regulator that promotes cancer growth and survival under hypoxia and plays a role in the maintenance of cancer stem cells. A major challenge to interrogating the potential of targeting AMPK in cancer is the lack of potent and selective small molecule inhibitors. Compound C has been widely used as an AMPK inhibitor, but it lacks potency and has a poor selectivity profile. The multi-kinase inhibitor, sunitinib, has demonstrated potent nanomolar inhibition of AMPK activity and has scope for modification. Here, we have designed and synthesized several series of oxindoles to determine the structural requirements for AMPK inhibition and to improve selectivity. We identified two potent, novel oxindole-based AMPK inhibitors that were designed to interact with the DFG motif in the ATP-binding site of AMPK, this key feature evades interaction with the common recptor tyrosine kinase targets of sunitinib. Cellular engagement of AMPK by these oxindoles was confirmed by the inhibition of phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), a known substrate of AMPK, in myeloid leukemia cells. Interestingly, although AMPK is highly expressed and activated in K562 cells these oxindole-based AMPK inhibitors did not impact cell viability or result in significant cytotoxicity. Our studies serve as a platform for the further development of oxindole-based AMPK inhibitors with therapeutic potential.
Maternal azithromycin therapy for Ureaplasma parvum intraamniotic infection improves fetal hemodynamics in a nonhuman primate model.

Background Ureaplasma parvum infection is a prevalent cause of intrauterine infection associated with preterm birth, preterm premature rupture of membranes, fetal inflammatory response syndrome, and adverse postnatal sequelae. Elucidation of diagnostic and treatment strategies for infection-associated preterm labor may improve perinatal and long-term outcomes for these cases. Objective This study assessed the effect of intraamniotic Ureaplasma infection on fetal hemodynamic and cardiac function and the effect of maternal antibiotic treatment on these outcomes. Study Design Chronically catheterized pregnant rhesus monkeys were assigned to control (n=6), intraamniotic inoculation with Ureaplasma parvum (107 colony-forming units/mL, n=15), and intraamniotic infection plus azithromycin treatment (12.5 mg/kg twice a day intravenously, n=8) groups. At approximately 135 days’ gestation (term=165 days), pulsed and color Doppler ultrasonography was used to obtain measurements of fetal hemodynamics (pulsatility index of umbilical artery, ductus venosus, descending aorta, ductus arteriosus, aortic isthmus, right pulmonary artery, middle cerebral artery and cerebroplacental ratio, and left and right ventricular cardiac outputs) and cardiac function (ratio of peak early vs late transmitral flow velocity [marker of ventricular function], Tei index [myocardial performance index]). These indices were stratified by amniotic fluid proinflammatory mediator levels and cardiac histology. Results Umbilical and fetal pulmonary artery vascular impedances were significantly increased in animals from the intraamniotic inoculation with Ureaplasma parvum group (P 1.1) than in those with normal blood flow (P 1.6, P Conclusion Fetal hemodynamic alterations were associated with intraamniotic Ureaplasma infection and ameliorated after maternal antibiotic treatment. Doppler ultrasonographic measurements merit continuing investigation as a diagnostic method to identify fetal cardiovascular and hemodynamic compromise associated with intrauterine infection or inflammation and in the evaluation of therapeutic interventions or clinical management of preterm labor.
Operations Research: A Lay Approach.

THE want ads appearing in today's newspapers offer attractive salaries for people qualified in operations research. What is this field? Where is it used? What does it accomplish? Is it the panacea of modern man, providing all the answers to the complexities of today's world? How can students be readied for careers in this discipline? To dispel some of the aura of mystery attached to the words "operations research" (or OR, as it is commonly called), this article has been written.
Traumatic penetrating arteriovenous fistulas: a collective review

Traumatic penetrating arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are very rare. The majority of these injuries occur secondary to penetrating trauma. Objectives of this study: review their incidence, clinical presentation, radiologic identification, management, complications and outcomes. A literature search was performed on MEDLINE Complete-Pubmed from 1829–2019. PRISMA guidelines were utilized. Of 305 potentially eligible articles, 201 articles were selected. Inclusion criteria: patients age ≥ 18, articles with title and abstract in English, AVFs secondary to penetrating trauma, articles which specified vessels involved in AVFs, and those reporting complete information on patient presentation, diagnosis, imaging, surgical and/or endovascular surgical management, and outcomes of penetrating AVF’s. Exclusion criteria: articles reporting blunt or iatrogenic AVFs, pediatric patients, fistulas used for dialysis and their complications, articles lacking complete information, cranial/spinal AVFs or cardiac AVFs, and duplicate articles. Mechanism of injury (MOI), diagnosis, involved vessels, management and outcomes of patients with AVFs secondary to penetrating trauma were recorded. There were a total of 291 patients with AVFs secondary to penetrating injuries. Mechanism of injury (MOI): stab wounds (SW)—126 (43.3%), Gunshot wounds (GSW)—94 (32.3%), miscellaneous—35 (12%), mechanism unspecified—36 (12.4%). Anatomic area: neck—69 (23.7%) patients, thorax—46 (15.8%), abdomen—87 (30%), upper and lower extremities—89 (30.6%). Most commonly involved vessels—vertebral artery—38 (13%), popliteal vein—32 (11.7%). Angiography was diagnostic—265 patients (91.1%). Interventions: Surgical– 202 (59.6%), Endovascular—118 (34.8%). Associated: aneurysms/pseudoaneurysms—129 (44.3%). Most AVFs occur secondary to penetrating injuries. Stab wounds account for the majority of these injuries. Most frequently injured vessels are vertebral artery and superficial femoral vein. Surgical interventions are the most common mode of management followed by endovascular surgical techniques.
AutoEncoder for Interpolation

In physical science, sensor data are collected over time to produce timeseries data. However, depending on the real-world condition and underlying physics of the sensor, data might be noisy. Besides, the limitation of sample-time on sensors may not allow collecting data over all the timepoints, may require some form of interpolation. Interpolation may not be smooth enough, fail to denoise data, and derivative operation on noisy sensor data may be poor that do not reveal any high order dynamics. In this article, we propose to use AutoEncoder to perform interpolation that also denoise data simultaneously. A brief example using a real-world is also provided.
Probabilistic prediction model for RC bond failure mode

Abstract Adequate rebar-concrete bonding is crucial to ensure the reliable performance of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. Many factors such as the concrete properties, concrete cover depth, transverse reinforcement, and the presence of corrosion will affect the bond behavior, and consequently, the structural performance. While many prior studies have focused on the influence of the aforementioned factors on the bond strength, the impact of these factors on the bond failure mode has not been thoroughly investigated. A probabilistic bond failure mode prediction model that considers various influencing factors including loading type and corrosion is developed in this study. This study uses the bond testing results of 132 beam-end specimens subjected to monotonic and cyclic loading and adopts classification methods to develop the prediction model, which is then used to evaluate the impact of bond behavior on the reliability of a RC beam with a lap splice.
Human Cord Blood Derived Unrestricted Somatic Stem Cells Restore Aquaporin Channel Expression, Reduce Inflammation and Inhibit the Development of Hydrocephalus After Experimentally Induced Perinatal Intraventricular Hemorrhage

Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a severe complication of preterm birth associated with cerebral palsy, intellectual disability, and commonly, accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Histologically, IVH leads to subependymal gliosis, fibrosis, and disruption of the ependymal wall. Importantly, expression of aquaporin channels 1 and 4 (AQP1 and AQP4) regulating respectively, secretion and absorption of cerebrospinal fluids is altered with IVH and are associated with development of post hemorrhagic hydrocephalus. Human cord blood derived unrestricted somatic stem cells (USSCs), which we previously demonstrated to reduce the magnitude of hydrocephalus, as having anti-inflammatory, and beneficial behavioral effects, were injected into the cerebral ventricles of rabbit pups 18 h after glycerol-induced IVH. USSC treated IVH pups showed a reduction in ventricular size when compared to control pups at 7 and 14 days (both, P < 0.05). Histologically, USSC treatment reduced cellular infiltration and ependymal wall disruption. In the region of the choroid plexus, immuno-reactivity for AQP1 and ependymal wall AQP4 expression were suppressed after IVH but were restored following USSC administration. Effects were confirmed by analysis of mRNA from dissected choroid plexus and ependymal tissue. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) isoforms, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9) mRNA, as well as protein levels, were significantly increased following IVH and restored towards normal with USSC treatment (P < 0.05). The anti-inflammatory cytokine Interleukin-10 (IL-10) mRNA was reduced in IVH, but significantly recovered after USSC injection (P < 0.05). In conclusion, USSCs exerted anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing both TGF-β specific isoforms, CTGF and MMP-9, recovered IL-10, restored aquaporins expression towards baseline, and reduced hydrocephalus. These results support the possibility of the use of USSCs to reduce IVH consequences in prematurity.
MIRO2 regulates prostate cancer cell growth via GCN1-dependent stress signaling

There is a continued need to identify novel therapeutic targets to prevent the mortality associated with prostate cancer. In this context, we discovered a novel mitochondrial signaling pathway that controls androgen-independent and androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cell growth. Mitochondrial Rho GTPase 2 (MIRO2) mRNA was upregulated in prostate cancer compared to localized tumors, and higher MIRO2 levels were correlated with poor patient survival. Using human cell lines that represent AR-independent or androgen-sensitive prostate cancer, we show that MIRO2 depletion impaired cell growth, colony formation and tumor growth in mice. Network analysis of MIRO29s binding partners identified metabolism, cell cycle, and cellular responses to extracellular stimuli amongst the top over-represented pathways. The top hit on our screen was General Control Non-derepressible 1 (GCN1). GCN1 was overexpressed in prostate cancer and MIRO2-GCN1 interacted in prostate cancer cell lines and in primary prostate cancer cells. Our results showed that MIRO2 is necessary for efficient GCN1-mediated GCN2 kinase activation and signaling, triggering translation of the transcription factor ATF4. Importantly, MIRO2 controlled ATF4 levels and transcriptional activity both in amino acid replete and depleted conditions. Furthermore, MIRO29s effect on regulating prostate cancer cell growth was partially mediated by ATF4. Finally, activation of GCN2 and ATF4 expression were correlated with MIRO2 expression in prostate cancer xenografts. Overall, we propose a new mechanism driving prostate cancer growth of both AR-independent and androgen-sensitive tumors.
Manufacture Glycerol Byproducts From Waste Cooking Oil Through The Transesterification Process In Various Brands Of Oil In The Indonesian Market

Abstract. Waste cooking oil is oil that has been used repeatedly, up to 2-4 times in the frying pan. The large number of Indonesian people who often consume waste cooking oil due to economic factors. The use of oil repeatedly reduces the nutritional value and affects the quality and value of fried food ingredients. However, this waste is very useful, it can be processed into glycerol which is useful in the cosmetic industry. The objective of this research is to prove that the glycerol byproduct of waste cooking oil with various oil brands in the Indonesian market has similar functional groups to commercial glycerol. The research was carried out experimentally by making glycerol using waste cooking oil. Glycerol is made using a transesterification process. Transesterification (alcoholic reaction) is a vegetable fat or oil that is reacted with alcohol to produce an ester and glycerol as a byproduct with the help of an alkaline catalyst. Evaluation of glycerol includes organoleptic, specific gravity, viscosity, glycerol content, ash content, moisture content, and sugar content. The results of the study using FTIR showed that the commercial glycerol wave number was 3291cm-1, brand X at 3291cm-1, and brand Y at 3267cm-1, which indicated the presence of an OH (hydroxyl) group. Commercial glycerol absorption bands at 2931 and 2877 cm-1, brand X at 2933 and 2879 cm-1, and brand Y at 2931 and 2877cm-1, indicating the presence of aliphatic (alkyl) CH groups. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the glycerol byproduct of waste cooking oil using the Indonesian market brands X and Y has similar functional groups to commercial glycerol. However, glycerol is the byproduct of waste cooking oil brand X which has the most similarities with commercial glycerol. Keyword: waste cooking oil, glycerol, transesterification, oil Indonesian market
Cardiac Morphology and Collagen Deposition in A Glucose-6-Phosphatase Catalytic Subunit 3 (G6PC3) Knockout Mouse model.

Background Glucose-6-phosphatase-- β (3), one of multiple isoforms of glucose-6-phosphatase, catalyzes the final step in gluconeogenesis. It is known that mutated G6P3 is associated with severe neutropenia in addition to congenital heart defects, but little is known about the histological changes in cardiac tissue as a result of mutated or deleted G6PC34. Objectives We sought to further characterize the histological alterations caused by deleted G6PC3 and determine the role of collagen deposition, myocyte proliferation and apoptosis in these changes. Methods Cardiac tissue from G6PC3 knockout mice and WT mice were harvested, imbedded and stained for markers of collagen (Trichrome), proliferation (KI-67), apoptosis (caspase 3) and hematopoietic stem cells (CD34). Slides were digitally uploaded, and Leica stain quantification was calculated. Results We demonstrated that in G6PC3 knock out adult mice have significant differences in heart morphology including decreased left ventricular collagen, decreased cellular proliferation and increased apoptosis histologically. Conclusions As compared to wild type, the hearts of G6PC3 knockout mice demonstrated significantly decreased collagen globally, a crucial component for adequate strength and contractility of myocardial tissue. More investigation should be done to further explore the functional effects of such alterations via echocardiograms.
VC dimension of partially quantized neural networks in the overparametrized regime.

Vapnik-Chervonenkis (VC) theory has so far been unable to explain the small generalization error of overparametrized neural networks. Indeed, existing applications of VC theory to large networks obtain upper bounds on VC dimension that are proportional to the number of weights, and for a large class of networks, these upper bound are known to be tight. In this work, we focus on a class of partially quantized networks that we refer to as hyperplane arrangement neural networks (HANNs). Using a sample compression analysis, we show that HANNs can have VC dimension significantly smaller than the number of weights, while being highly expressive. In particular, empirical risk minimization over HANNs in the overparametrized regime achieves the minimax rate for classification with Lipschitz posterior class probability. We further demonstrate the expressivity of HANNs empirically. On a panel of 121 UCI datasets, overparametrized HANNs match the performance of state-of-the-art full-precision models.
Non-analytic Spin-Density Functionals.

We examine the integer discontinuity (or derivative discontinuity) of the exact energy functionals of Kohn–Sham density-functional theory for the spin-polarized case. The integer discontinuity and its cause, the piecewise linearity of the energy in the grand canonical ensemble, are required to improve the predictive power of density-functional approximations to the exchange-correlation energy. We show how any spin-polarized DFA can be adapted to display the proper integer discontinuity. The formalism we present here can be used to improve functionals further within spin density-functional theory and fragment-based formulations of DFT.
Attitudes toward Female Labor Force Participation in Eastern and Western Europe

Fair employment opportunities for women are considered as a strong indicator for achieving gender equity. Despite a steady growth in the rates of female labor force participation, chances for men and women to get employed and promoted in the workforce remain uneven. Moreover, the gender pay gap still exists and widens as educational attainment and job tenure increase (Bonvillain, 2006). The unfairness for women’s employment provokes researchers to examine the belief system on women’s role in work and family. Previous research has documented a strong association between gender attitudes and the actual social opportunities for women. For example, studies on attitudes about gender, work and family among scientists contend that stereotypical attitudes about women’s occupations in science might create interactions and structures that help legitimatize the gender hierarchy and maintain science as a male domain (Hanson et al. 2004). Other research argues that as the rate of women’s labor force participation increases, attitudes change toward a greater acceptance of women’s non-familial roles (Cherlin and Walters, 1981; Mason and Lu, 1988).This paper examines attitudes toward women’s labor force participation which can influence and be influenced by the actual work environment for women, in order to gain a thorough understanding of gender inequality that exist in the workforce.
Grammatical category disambiguation by statistical optimization

Several algorithms have been developed in the past that attempt to resolve categorial ambiguities in natural language text without recourse to syntactic or semantic level information. An innovative method (called "CLAWS") was recently developed by those working with the Lancaster-Oslo/Bergen Corpus of British English. This algorithm uses a systematic calculation based upon the probabilities of co-occurrence of particular tags. Its accuracy is high, but it is very slow, and it has been manually augmented in a number of ways. The effects upon accuracy of this manual augmentation are not individually known.The current paper presents an algorithm for disambiguation that is similar to CLAWS but that operates in linear rather than in exponential time and space, and which minimizes the unsystematic augments. Tests of the algorithm using the million words of the Brown Standard Corpus of English are reported; the overall accuracy is 96%. This algorithm can provide a fast and accurate front end to any parsing or natural language processing system for English.
Personality traits and coronary heart disease: Utilization of a cross-sectional study design to test whether a selected psychological profile precedes or follows manifest coronary heart disease☆

The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that a distinctive psycholgical pattern consisting of a low level of manifest hostility with elevated levels of anxiety and repression is associated with coronary heart disease and precedes its occurrence. The findings of the Epidemiological Survey in Evans County, Georgia (1960–1962) were utilized in part for this project. White males between the ages of 40 and 74 were classified according to selected levels of blood pressure and serum cholesterol into three risk groups: (1) Low-risk: composed of individuals with reduced levels of both blood pressure and serum cholesterol; (2) Moderately-high-risk: composed of individuals with elevated levels of either blood pressure or serum cholesterol; and (3) High-risk: composed of individuals with elevated levels of both blood pressure and serum cholesterol. Persons diagnosed as coronary disease patients (1960–1962) made up the coronary group of this project. Samples, comparable with the coronary group in age and social class, were obtained from the low-risk and the moderately-high-risk groups. All men who met the criteria of the high-risk group were included in the study. A psychological test was administered to each respondent in the defined sample keeping the identity of each of the study groups concealed from the investigator. The psychological test was composed of the Anxiety Scale, the Repression Scale and the Lie Scale of the MMPI, as well as a Manifest Hostility Scale. A profile analysis of the three psychological variables—hostility, anxiety, and repression—has proved most useful in differentiating the coronary from the noncoronary groups. Two-thirds of the coronary group, in contrast to one-fifth of the non-coronary groups, were found to exhibit a selected psychological pattern comprising a low level of manifest hostility with elevated levels of anxiety and repression in the individual. There was no increasing gradient for the proportion of individuals with the selected pattern from the low-risk through the moderately-high-risk to the high-risk groups. Utilizing a system of interpretations from cross-sectional data, these findings led to the inference that the selected pattern probably followed the onset of coronary heart disease.
Global change: The nitrogen cycle and rivers

[1] The hydrologic sciences must play a major role in improving our understanding of the transport and fate of the vast amount of reactive nitrogen that is being added to the environment by human activities. Detailed understanding of the function of different landscape units will help predict watershed losses of nitrogen. A better understanding of the processes that control denitrification in surface and groundwaters is essential to ascertain total gaseous N loss and the percentage that is nitrous oxide, a greenhouse gas that is accumulating in Earth's atmosphere.
Coherent Solid-State Phase Transitions with Atomic Diffusion: A Thermomechanical Treatment

Using the framework of modern continuum thermomechanics, we develop sharp- and diffuse-interface theories for coherent solid-state phase transitions. These theories account for atomic diffusion and for deformation. Of essential importance in our formulation of the sharp-interface theory are a system of “configurational forces” and an associated “configurational force balance.” These forces, which are distinct from standard Newtonian forces, describe the intrinsic material structure of a body. The configurational balance, when restricted to the interface, leads to a generalization of the classical Gibbs–Thomson relation, a generalization that accounts for the orientation dependence of the interfacial energy density and also for a broad spectrum of dissipative transition kinetics. Our diffuse-interface theory involves nonstandard “microforces” and an associated “microforce balance.” These forces arise naturally from an interpretation of the atomic densities as macroscopic parameters that describe atomistic kinematics distinct from the motion of material particles. When supplemented by thermodynamically consistent constitutive relations, the microforce balance yields a generalization of the Cahn–Hilliard relation giving the chemical potentials as variational derivatives of the total free energy with respect to the atomic densities. A formal asymptotic analysis (thickness of the transition layer approaching zero) demonstrates the correspondence between versions of our theories specialized to the case of a single mobile species for situations in which the time scale for interface propagation is small compared to that for bulk diffusion. While the configurational force balance is redundant in the diffuse-interface theory, when integrated over the transition layer, the limit of this balance is the interfacial configurational force balance (i.e., generalized Gibbs–Thomson relation) of the sharp-interface theory.
Seismicity of northern and central California, 1965-1969

abstract Detailed seismicity (M ≧ 2.5) of northern and central California for 1965-1969 is analyzed. The largest earthquakes were nine with magnitudes 5.0 d ) for the coast ranges shows all d d North of Cape Mendocino, the new Fickle Hill telemetry station shows that within 30 M ≧ 2.5) has M > 3.0 and (b) an average of 14 earthquakes ( M ≧ 2.5) occurs each month. Some foci are as deep as 25 km in this region. For northern California, the linear recurrence law gives b = 0.78 ± 0.04, slightly less than southern California. For the coast ranges, b = 1.00 ± 0.04. The water loading of Oroville reservoir in 1967-1968 has not been associated with increased seismicity in the area. On the present homogeneous data, a statistical t -test shows that the short-term occurrence rate of northern California earthquakes was not altered by large underground nuclear tests in Nevada.
Intracellular mediators of JAM‐A–dependent epithelial barrier function

Junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A) is a critical signaling component of the apical junctional complex, a structure composed of several transmembrane and scaffold molecules that controls the passage of nutrients and solutes across epithelial surfaces. Observations from JAM-A-deficient epithelial cells and JAM-A knockout animals indicate that JAM-A is an important regulator of epithelial paracellular permeability; however, the mechanism(s) linking JAM-A to barrier function are not understood. This review highlights recent findings relevant to JAM-A-mediated regulation of epithelial permeability, focusing on the role of upstream and downstream signaling candidates. We draw on what is known about proteins reported to associate with JAM-A in other pathways and on known modulators of barrier function to propose candidate effectors that may mediate JAM-A regulation of epithelial paracellular permeability. Further investigation of pathways highlighted in this review may provide ideas for novel therapeutics that target debilitating conditions associated with barrier dysfunction, such as inflammatory bowel disease.
Time Use and Physical Activity: A Shift Away from Movement across the Globe

Technology linked with reduced physical activity (PA) in occupational work, home/domestic work, and travel and increased sedentary activities, especially television viewing, dominates the globe. Using detailed historical data on time allocation, occupational distributions, energy expenditures data by activity, and time-varying measures of metabolic equivalents of task (MET) for activities when available, we measure historical and current MET by four major PA domains (occupation, home production, travel and active leisure) and sedentary time among adults (>18 years). Trends by domain for the United States (1965-2009), the United Kingdom (1961-2005), Brazil (2002-2007), China (1991-2009) and India (2000-2005) are presented. We also project changes in energy expenditure by domain and sedentary time (excluding sleep and personal care) to 2020 and 2030 for each of these countries. The use of previously unexplored detailed time allocation and energy expenditures and other datasets represents a useful addition to our ability to document activity and inactivity globally, but highlights the need for concerted efforts to monitor PA in a consistent manner globally, increase global PA and decrease sedentary behavior. Given the potential impact on weight gain and other cardiometabolic health risks, the differential declines in MET of activity and increases in sedentary time across the globe represent a major threat to global health.