cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
STUDIES ON THE CIRCULATION IN MAN : VIII. THE BLOOD FLOW IN THE FEET WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO FEVER.

1. In the cases of fever investigated the flow in the feet never exceeded the normal flow and was usually much below the normal 2. In explanation of the relatively small foot flow in the fever cases it is suggested that the vasoconstrictor mechanism of the peripheral parts, especially of the skin, is abnormally excited, and some direct evidence that this is the case is brought forward. 3. The significance of this hypersensitiveness, or at least increased action, of the cutaneous vasoconstrictor mechanism is assumed to be that the peripheral vasoconstriction is a compensatory arrangement which secures for the organs mainly suffering from the infective process an increased flow of blood. 4. On this hypothesis the rise of temperature is, chiefly at least, secondary, inevitably following the vasoconstriction, provided that the metabolism is, upon the whole, not diminished. 5. Accordingly the rational treatment of hyperpyrexia, or of pyrexia if it is considered necessary to treat it, is to abstract heat by a process which will not diminish and may even increase the cutaneous vasoconstriction. This condition is exactly fulfilled by the cold bath, at least as regards its initial effect. Other so called tonic effects of the cold bath are not considered here. Antipyretic drugs which act by dilating the cutaneous vessels would seem to be inferior in this regard. They diminish the temperature, it is true, but at the cost of defeating the beneficial redistribution of the blood which it is the function of the peripheral vasoconstriction to insure. 6. It is obvious that for the elimination of a given quantity of heat from the skin by radiation and conduction in fever, a smaller cutaneous blood flow will suffice than with normal body temperature, since the elimination of heat per gram of blood passing through the surface must be greater in fever owing to the greater difference of temperature between the surface of the body and its surroundings. I am much indebted to the staff of the City Hospital for their cooperation which has rendered this investigation possible.
Present knowledge of grey seals ( Halichoerus grypus ) in Faroese waters

The grey seal ( Halichoerus grypus ) is the only pinniped species breeding in the Faroe Islands. They are present all year round, and can be observed throughout the archipelago, but prefer to reside in exposed coastal areas, away from human settlements. Grey seals breed primarily in caves, common along the Faroese coastline. Systematic scientific investigations have not been conducted on grey seals in the Faroes. Present population level is presumably around 1,000 to 2,000 animals. These seals have probably been hunted since the Norse settlement in the 8th century. Apparently, this removal has prevented the population from increasing above a certain threshold. Tagging studies have demonstrated a connection with seals from UK waters, but the magnitude and influence of this movement is not known. Present biological knowledge is very limited and insufficient; this is due largely to the inaccessible nature of these seals.
Ten-year experience with one-step correction of constriction rings by complete circular resection and linear circumferential skin closure.

Summary Background In amniotic band syndrome (ABS) constriction rings affecting the limbs are regularly seen at birth. Circular resection and closure with multiple Z-plasties has been described as the treatment of choice. However, direct circular closure creating linear circumferential scars might replace multiple Z- or W-plasties to reduce scars and improve aesthetic outcome. Methods From 2000 to 2009 we treated 160 patients with ABS. In 43 cases release of isolated constriction rings was performed by circular excision and closure. Constriction rings were completely resected and skin closure could be performed without Z-plasty in all cases. Data from follow-up of all cases were reviewed and photographs and recordings reassessed. The median age at operation was 14.3 months (range 2–32). Constriction rings were localised on the upper arm in five patients, the lower arm in five, the wrist in two and at the metacarpal level in five. At the lower extremity the thigh was affected in three and the lower leg in 23 patients. Results In the 16 cases of the first treatment period from 2000 to 2004, average follow-up was 6.5 years (range 5.1–10.3). We observed two minor complications following 43 operations (wound dehiscence and secondary healing). No formation recurrence of banding was seen. Aesthetic outcome was overall good. Conclusions We found excellent aesthetical and functional results following change of treatment from multiple Z-plasties to linear circumferential closure. Scars were generally less noticeable and no recurrence or scar constriction could be detected with growth. However, radical excision of all constricting tissues prior to wound closure is mandatory.
1‐Methyl‐3‐piperidone and 1‐methyl‐3‐pyrrolidone derivatives from a dieckmann reaction

Attempts to prepare 1-methyl-5-carbethoxy-3-piperidone by a Dieckmann cyclization led to formation of its diethyl ketal on workup. The five-membered ring system, 1-methyl-4-(ethoxy-carbonylmethyl)-3-pyrrolidone was also formed in the cyclization.
A Two-layer Closure of Sino-orbital Fistula

A two-layer closure of sino-orbital fistulae using tension-free local flaps is described. For small fistulae, the opening is first closed with a mucosal turnover flap; this is combined on the orbital surface with a local rotational advancement flap of the orbital skin. For larger fistulae where a mucosal turnover flap cannot be fashioned, a two-stage, delayed, composite mucocutaneous rotational flap is used. The advantages of these techniques are: (1) a mucous membrane to provide nasal or sinus lining, insulating the raw ventral surface of the skin flap; (2) each flap has an independent blood supply; (3) local flaps are used, avoiding the use of a pedicle flap from forehead; (4) excellent cosmesis since tissues outside the orbital rim are not disturbed; and (5) does not require refitting of exenteration prosthesis since the integrity of the orbital rim is maintained. The authors have used these techniques in six patients with chronic sino-orbital fistulae of the exenterated socket. In one patient, a wound dehiscence occurred and a small fistula measuring 3 to 4 mm in diameter persisted. The fistulae of the remaining five patients were successfully closed.
A New Method for Electrical Characterization of Ferroelectric Thin Films at Microwave Frequencies

In this work, varactor shunt switches (VSS) are utilized as test structures for characterization of ferroelectric thin films. The varactor shunt switch consists of coplanar waveguide input and output feed lines, and a shunt parallel plate varactor. The simplicity of the device structure and the ease of modeling the device allow one to match the experimental scattering parameters (S parameters) to the modeled results, and hence characterize the dielectric properties of the ferroelectric thin-film accurately. This paper illustrates the precise characterization of the ferroelectric thin-films using the VSS as a test structure.
The yield and safety of thoracentesis in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients.

The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic value and safety of thoracentesis in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients. We identified all hospitalized HSCT recipients who underwent thoracentesis from 1998 to 2006. We collected patients’ clinical characteristics, indications for thoracenstesis, the complications of the procedure, and the etiology of the pleural effusion. A total of 50 thoracentesis findings were analyzed. Twenty-six patients underwent allogeneic HSCT, while 24 patients underwent autologous HSCT. The main indications for performing thoracentesis were to rule out infection and document or diagnose malignancy. Pleural effusions were characterized as exudate in 33 patients (66%). A specific diagnosis based on the thoracentesis was made in 13 patients (26%). These were malignancy in nine patients, parapneumonic in three patients, and empyema in one patient. The only documented complication was pneumothorax in five patients. The presence of exudative effusion and underlying solid malignancy were associated with specific diagnosis by thoracentesis (p = 0.0001 and 0.013, respectively). In spite of the tendency of HSCT recipients to develop pulmonary infections, complex parapneumonic effusions are rarely diagnosed by thoracentesis. The rate of complications is comparable to other patient populations.
Rv0989c encodes a novel (E)-geranyl diphosphate synthase facilitating decaprenyl diphosphate biosynthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has a highly complex cell wall, which is required for both bacterial survival and infection. Cell wall biosynthesis is dependent on decaprenyl diphosphate as a glyco-carrier, which is hence an essential metabolite in this pathogen. Previous biochemical studies indicated (E)-geranyl diphosphate (GPP) is required for the synthesis of decaprenyl diphosphate. Here we demonstrate that Rv0989c encodes the “missing” GPP synthase, representing the first such enzyme to be characterized from bacteria, and which presumably is involved in decaprenyl diphosphate biosynthesis in Mtb. Our investigation also has revealed previously unrecognized substrate plasticity of the farnesyl diphosphate synthases from Mtb, resolving previous discrepancies between biochemical and genetic studies of cell wall biosynthesis.
Quantifying uncertainty in medical decisions

Effective handling of uncertainty is one of the central problems in medical decision making. The sources and effects of uncertainty in medical decision making are examined and some new quantitative approaches for solving the associated problems are outlined. To handle uncertainty in the branching probabilities and node utilities for probability trees representing alternative treatment strategies, a public domain software package that can be used for the construction, analysis and comparison of probability trees with random parameters was developed. To facilitate specification of the random variables that arise in medical decision making problems, public domain software packages for both data-driven and subjective estimation of probability densities from the Johnson translation system of distributions have also been developed. For the analysis of complex problems that cannot be adequately represented by probability trees or by simple stochastic processes such as Markov chains, network simulation approaches that are oriented toward the sequence of activities seen by individual patients in the course of treatment are described.
Experimental Investigation of Piston Heat Transfer in a Light Duty Engine Under Conventional Diesel, Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition, and Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition Combustion Regimes

Abstract : An experimental study has been conducted to provide insight into heat transfer to the piston of a light-duty single-cylinder research engine under Conventional Diesel (CDC), Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI), and Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) combustion regimes. Two fast-response surface thermocouples embedded in the piston top measured transient temperature. A commercial wireless telemetry system was used to transmit thermocouple signals from the moving piston. A detailed comparison was made between the different combustion regimes at a range of engine speed and load conditions. The closed-cycle integrated and peak heat transfer rates were found to be lower for HCCI and RCCI when compared to CDC. Under HCCI operation, the peak heat transfer rate showed sensitivity to the 50% burn location.
An Extension of the Material Derivative Method for Configuration Design Sensitivity Analysis

Abstract Configuration design variation of built-up structures that include truss, beam, plane elastic solid, and plate design components can be characterized by changes in the domain shape and orientation of design components. The material derivative method of shape design sensitivity analysis is extended to develop a continuum configuration design sensitivity analysis method for built-up structures by accounting for effects of both shape and orientation changes in the same energy equation. Variations of energy bilinear and load linear forms, with respect to both shape and orientation design variables, are derived for each structural component. Using the adjoint variable or direct differentiation method, configuration design sensitivity results for built-up structures are obtained in terms of the design velocity fields. The relationship between design parameterizations and design velocity fields is discussed for line and surface design components. A numerical method is developed to evaluate these configu...
Tracer studies of cyclopropane reactions on molybdena-alumina catalysts

Abstract The oxidation state of a molybdena-γ-Al2O3 (8%) catalyst was varied by reduction with either H2 or CO under carefully controlled conditions. The decomposition of cyclopropane was studied and correlations were sought between surface chemistry and catalytic function. Temperatures between 50 and 130 °C and a pulse reactor were employed. In every case propylene, ethylene, and n-butenes were produced in proportions depending upon the extent of reduction. When cyclopropane was reacted over a catalyst reduced with D2, deuterated propylenes were formed in increasing percentages with higher extents of reduction. Similar results were obtained when the catalyst was first thoroughly reduced with D2, then reoxidized and finally reduced to different extents with CO. When mixtures of cyclopropane-d0 and -d6 were co-isomerized, the products were readily equilibrated. Methylcyclopropane reacted much faster than cyclopropane, yielding both isomerization and metathesis products. No trace of isobutane was detected. A small portion of the first cyclopropane to contact the catalyst reacted to form ethylene and the methylene carbene. Otherwise the data were consistent with a proton-catalyzed ring opening followed by metathesis on coordinatively unsaturated Mo (IV) ions occurring through a carbene mechanism. The results are discussed in terms of current literature.
A dual site catalyst for mild, selective nitrile reduction

We report a novel ruthenium bis(pyrazolyl)borate scaffold that enables cooperative reduction reactivity in which boron and ruthenium centers work in concert to effect selective nitrile reduction. The pre-catalyst compound [κ3-(1-pz)2HB(N = CHCH3)]Ru(cymene)+ TfO− (pz = pyrazolyl) was synthesized using readily-available materials through a straightforward route, thus making it an appealing catalyst for a number of reactions.
Electron-Transfer Sensitized Cycloreversion of Rubrene Endoperoxide

Abstract Rubrene endoperoxide (RO2) quenches the fluorescence of 9,10-dicyanoanthracene (DCNA) in benzonitrile and undergoes simultaneous cycloreversion with a limiting quantum yield of 0.07 ± 0.01 which increases by ∼50% in the presence of an external magnetic field of 600 gauss. No quenching or cycloreversion is observed with either anthracene as sensitizer or benzene as solvent. Chloranil (triplet) sensitized cycloreversion of RO2 has a limiting quantum yield of 0.62 ± 0.03. It is proposed that cycloreversion involves the state 3RO2(πoo*, [sgrave]co*) produced by geminate recombination of the triplet radical-ion pair, formed directly from the chloranil triplet state or by spin-rephasing of the singlet ion pair produced by RO2 quenching of the DCNA fluorescent state.
Optimal linear data analysis for surface plasmon resonance biosensors

Abstract Surface plasmon resonance biosensors measure the thickness or molecular concentration of a biolayer by analyzing small changes in measured reflection spectra. In this paper, we describe linear spectral analysis techniques designed to produce measurements with the maximum possible signal-to-noise ratio. We show how, under appropriate assumptions, an optimal analysis method may be derived for measuring any system parameter, and how measurements of multiple parameters may be made independent in exchange for an decrease in signal to noise ratio. Compared to two conventional data analysis techniques (quadratic fit and centroid methods) using simulated data, the linear techniques show a 30% increase in signal to noise ratio. In application to actual thiol binding data, the linear method yields a signal to noise ratio 46% greater than that of the centroid method and 65% greater than that of the quadratic fit method. This level of noise reduction was achieved by using the ability of the linear methods to reject noise caused by light source brightness variations.
Off-center Li defects in KCl: Parameters for isolated Li+ as a function of hydrostatic pressure and evidence for other Li centers

Abstract We have measured all three tunneling parameters for the KCl:Li system as a function of hydrostatic pressure; all increase with pressure. Our measurements show that the off-center tunneling model works exceedingly well for this system. Surprisingly, the pressure dependence of the electric dipole moment shows a sharp break near 900 bar. In some samples, additional lines indicate other Li centers are present, possibly Li pairs.
Statin Therapy Depresses Fat Metabolism in Older Individuals

Objective: Statins (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A [HMG CoA] reductase inhibitors) reduce blood lipoproteins and reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. However, they may reduce fat metabolism. This study tested the hypothesis that total body fat oxidation is reduced by statins in older subjects and the reduction is not due to substrate availability.Methods: A total of 14 elderly patients (71 ± 6 years) on statin therapy were compared with 14 matched elderly controls (75 ± 7 years). Subjects were tested for respiratory exchange ratio (RER) during both maximal and submaximal sustained (70% Vo2max) exercise to voluntary exhaustion. Blood samples were drawn for lipoprotein analysis and substrate availability.Results: RER was significantly higher in subjects taking statins during both the max and submax tests, indicating reduced fat oxidation. Blood lipoprotein levels after a fast were not different between the statin and control groups. Levels of glucose, lactate, or triglyceride were not different ...
Resistance Against Salmonella enteritidis Cecal Colonization in Leghorn Chicks by Vent Lip Application of Cecal Bacteria Culture

Leghorn chicks were treated with cultures of cecal bacteria from adult chickens by crop gavage, upper body spray, or vent lip application on the day of hatch. The chicks were challenged orally with 10(4) Salmonella enteritidis (SE) at 3 d of age and evaluated for SE cecal colonization at 10 d of age. The concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the cecal contents was determined on the day after culture treatment and at 10 d of age. Compared with controls, SE colonization was significantly decreased in each of the treatment groups. Vent lip application of a single .05-mL drop of cecal bacteria culture resulted in resistance against SE challenge comparable to crop gavage or spray treatment with .5 mL of culture. Resistance to SE challenge was directly associated with the concentrations of total VFA and propionic acid in the cecal contents of the treated chicks on the day after culture treatment. The results indicated that cecal bacteria from adult chickens that increase SE colonization resistance may rapidly become established in the ceca of newly hatched chicks following contact with the vent lips.
Localized and Biased Technologies: Atrkinson and Stiglitz's New View, Induced Innovations, and Directed Technological Change

This paper revisits the important ideas proposed by Atkinson and Stiglitz’s seminal 1969 paper on technological change. After linking these ideas to the induced innovation literature of the 1960s and the more recent directed technological change literature, it explains how these three complementary but different approaches are useful in the study of a range of current research areas though they may also yield different answers to important questions. It concludes by highlighting several important areas where these ideas can be fruitfully applied in future work.
Foreword: Historical Remembrance in the Twenty-First Century:

By JAY WINTER The role of remembrance in public life has expanded radically over the past century. In part this is due to the democratization of war fare. Before 1914, the vast majority of those who served, were injured, or died in war were volun teers or mercenaries. After 1914, conscript armies fought wars and left bereaved parents, widows, and orphans behind in numbers that were never before registered. Inevitably, this meant that the history of warfare and family his tory came to be bound together. War memorials proliferated in villages and towns throughout Europe and beyond, largely to preserve the names of the fallen. The overwhelming majority of these sites list names alphabetically and not by rank. Maya Lin s Vietnam Veterans' Memorial in Washington, D. C, consciously designed to fol low the First World War model, does it another way, by recording the names of the dead by the date they died. The result is the same: the sixty thousand American dead of the Vietnam War are
Nonconvex Embeddings of the Exceptional Simplicial 3-Spheres with 8 Vertices

As shown by D. Barnette (1973, J. Combin. Theory Ser. A14, 37?53) there are precisely 39 simplicial 3-spheres with 8 vertices. Thirty-seven of these are boundary complexes for convex 4-polytopes. In this paper we supply nonconvex embeddings in Euclidean 4-space for the remaining two 3-spheres. We discuss the properties of the embeddings as well as the techniques used to demonstrate their validity.
Deuterium-hydride exchange in a single catalyst particle

Abstract The deuterium-neopentane exchange reaction on a single catalyst particle has been used to study the influence of intraparticle diffusion on product distribution. Experimental product distributions agree with those predicted by a two-parameter kinetic model. The parameters Φ and β representing diffusion limitation and desorption limitation, respectively, were varied independently by particle size reduction or catalyst pretreatment with oxygen. Thiele diffusion coefficients obtained from the deuterium-neopentane exchange experiments are about one-half of the Wicke-Kallenbach diffusion coefficients.
Linksets of tumor chromosome breakpoints related to survival in ovarian adenocarcinoma.

Abstract Biological processes are often accompanied by occurrences of multiple events, such as activation of certain cell types, change in prevalence of cell subpopulations (such as T cells), changes in concentration of proteins or peptides, or breaks in chromosomes. Some co-occurrences of these events are by chance, but others may have meaningful relations to the underlying biological process. The methodology of linksets is designed to detect the presence of potentially meaningful co-occurrences. Due to the complex ways in which linksets can determine the observed occurrences of multiple events, some moderately powerful computational methods are necessary for statistical estimation. Here, linkset models are fitted to data on chromosome breakpoints in ovarian adenocarcinomas, in order to answer the question motivating the project that collected them—whether there are nonrandom co-occurrences of breakpoints in particular chromosome regions, and whether these might be of prognostic significance. The results identify breakpoints in 1p1 as associated with early mortality when they occur in linksets of breakpoints in 1p3 and any one of 11q1, 11q2, or 6q2. Conversely, breakpoints in 6p2, 1q3, and 7p1 occur in linksets associated with late mortality. This is, to our knowledge, the first demonstration of a new method for analyzing patterns of event occurrence in biological data.
Morphology of ganglion cells in the neotenous tiger salamander retina

The morphology of retinal ganglion cells in the neotenous tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) was analyzed with the aid of morphometric techniques to determine the diversity of cell types and to evaluate the widely held notion that this form of Ambystoma has a simple retina, with little variance among its cell morphologies. Single-cell staining was achieved through retrograde labeling with horseradish peroxidase injected around the optic nerve sheath followed by a period of several days before tissue processing; 83 well-labelled cells with axons were studied in detail with light microscopy and a computer-aided reconstruction system. Five different morphological cell classes were devised based on broad morphometric criteria such as the dendritic area of influence; the number, length, and complexity of dendritic branches; and the amount of overlap between neighboring dendrites. These classes included small simple, small complex, medium simple, medium complex, and large cells. In addition, a class of cells with numerous varicosities among the dendrites was separately analyzed. These swellings did not stain for catecholamines. Based on optical determinations of the dendritic sublamination pattern within the inner plexiform layer, presumed On-Off cells are present in all subclasses, whereas On cells predominate in the smaller cell groups. Presumed Off cells are well represented in the large field units, although the small total number of cells in this latter class leads to uncertainty regarding the significance of this observation. The diversity of ganglion cell morphology revealed in the present study argues against the assumption that the neotenous tiger salamander has a simple retina, with a relatively invariant set of ganglion cells. On the contrary, it appears that this aquatic form shows morphological diversity in the retinal ganglion cell population rivaling that reported for other vertebrates, including mammals. A functional role for the different cell classes is briefly considered.
Ethics and "cesarean delivery on maternal demand"

There is considerable ongoing debate about whether physicians should supply cesarean delivery to patients purely on the basis of maternal demand. This debate is marred by serious definitional problems. Although planned elective cesareans share a risk-profile with "cesarean delivery on maternal demand," not every case of planned elective cesarean results from maternal demand. Ethical and practical considerations counsel using language that is more neutral on the question of the reason for, and process of decision-making leading to, cesarean delivery. Consideration of the risks and benefits of planned elective cesarean, coupled with the desirability of a prophylactic rule limiting physicians' offers of elective cesareans, counsels against making routine offers of elective cesareans to patients. When patients themselves have initiated the conversation about the procedure, physicians may supply elective cesareans only after serious and objective discussion about its risks and benefits.
Light Scattering In Polycrystalline Materials

This study represents the first attempts at a systematic study of light scattering in polycrystalline materials both in the visible and infra-red region where all parameters responsible for scattering are independently varied. Light is scattered by voids and second phase particles. Light is also reflected and refracted by grain interfaces of random crystal orientations. With sufficient optical density of the sample, multiple scattering from voids, grain boundaries or second phase particles becomes the significant scattering mechanism in polycrystalline material. The diffuse scattering envelope width is measured and various scattering mechanisms are identified with respect to the way they influence this scattering width. Existing theories are reviewed and it is shown how these theories can qualitatively account for the observed behavior.
INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC FIELDS AND COSMIC RAYS

The existence in the region around the sun of a field-free cavity in the galactic magnetic field seems indicated by the low-energy cosmic rays that reach the earth from the sun. Such a cavity would be produced by the solar corpuscular emission. A mean radius of the order of 200 times the distance from the sun to the earth may be estimated for this cavity by balancing the flux of momentum against the lateral pressure exerted by a field of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ gauss. Such a cavity would trap cosmic rays of energy less than 100 Bev for periods long compared to a sunspot cycle, but does not seem to make possible a solar origin of cosmic rays. Expected fluctuations in cavity size would explain the 4% fluctuation in cosmic-ray intensity observed by Forbush. A simple model of the cavity is considered in some detail, rates of escape from and entry to the cavity, acceleration by the Fermi mechanism, and change in energy density being estimated. More complicated models involving a solar magnetic field are considered briefly.
PET in Epilepsy and Other Seizure Disorders

Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging has been widely used in the evaluation and management of patients with seizure disorders. The ability of PET to measure cerebral function makes it ideal for studying the neurophysiologic correlates of seizure activity during ictal and interictal states. PET imaging is also useful for evaluating patients before surgical interventions to determine the best surgical method and maximize outcomes. Thus, PET will continue to play a major role not only in the clinical arena but in further investigations of the pathogenesis and management of various seizure disorders. This article reviews the literature regarding the current uses and indications for PET in the study and management of patients with seizure disorders.
Saccharin, quinine, and novel foods consumption in male and female northern grasshopper mice (Onychomys leucogaster)

Saccharin preference (.01%-.10%) quinine rejection (.002%-.020%), and novel foods consumption were examined in male and female northern grasshopper mice (Onychomys leucogaster). Both sexes showed similar increases in saccharin preference as concentration increased. Quinine rejection became more pronounced with increasing concentration, but males rejected the highest concentration more strongly than females. Both sexes showed similar low levels of novel foods consumption.
Gangliosides in blood serum of normal rats and Morris hepatoma 5123tc-bearing rats.

Abstract The effects of malignancy upon blood serum ganglioside patterns were investigated. Lipids extracted from the blood serum of Morris hepatoma 5123tc-bearing rats were characterized by severalfold increases in the content of hematosides, monosialogangliosides and disialogangliosides, as compared with lipids extracted from the serum of normal rats. However, the content of trisialogangliosides in lipids extracted from the serum of cancer-bearing rats substantially decreased. In general, the change in the profile of gangliosides in blood serum reflects, but is less pronounced, than that observed in the comparison of Morris hepatoma tissue to normal liver tissue.
HHT-based nonlinear signal processing method for parametric and non-parametric identification of dynamical systems

Abstract This paper presents a time–frequency signal processing method based on Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT) and a sliding-window fitting (SWF) technique for parametric and non-parametric identification of nonlinear dynamical systems. The SWF method is developed to reveal the limitations of conventional signal processing methods and to perform further decomposition of signals. Similar to the short-time Fourier transform and wavelet transform, the SWF uses windowed regular harmonics and function orthogonality to extract time-localized regular and/or distorted harmonics. On the other hand, HHT uses the apparent time scales revealed by the signal's local maxima and minima to sequentially sift components of different time scales, starting from high- to low-frequency ones. Because HHT does not use pre-determined basis functions and function orthogonality for component extraction, it provides more accurate time-varying amplitudes and frequencies of extracted components for accurate estimation of system characteristics and nonlinearities. Methods are developed to reduce the end effect caused by Gibbs’ phenomenon and other mathematical and numerical problems of HHT analysis. For parametric identification of a nonlinear one-degree-of-freedom system, the method processes one free damped transient response and one steady-state response and uses amplitude-dependent dynamic characteristics derived from perturbation analysis to determine the type and order of nonlinearity and system parameters. For non-parametric identification, the method uses the maximum displacement states to determine the displacement–stiffness curve and the maximum velocity states to determine the velocity-damping curve. Moreover, the SWF method and a synchronous detection method are used for further decomposition of components extracted by HHT to improve the accuracy of parametric and non-parametric estimations. Numerical simulations of several nonlinear systems show that the proposed method can provide accurate parametric and non-parametric identifications of different nonlinear dynamical systems.
Extracting Social Meaning: Identifying Interactional Style in Spoken Conversation

Automatically extracting social meaning and intention from spoken dialogue is an important task for dialogue systems and social computing. We describe a system for detecting elements of interactional style: whether a speaker is awkward, friendly, or flirtatious. We create and use a new spoken corpus of 991 4-minute speed-dates. Participants rated their interlocutors for these elements of style. Using rich dialogue, lexical, and prosodic features, we are able to detect flirtatious, awkward, and friendly styles in noisy natural conversational data with up to 75% accuracy, compared to a 50% baseline. We describe simple ways to extract relatively rich dialogue features, and analyze which features performed similarly for men and women and which were gender-specific.
Mask shadowing and the line-edge transfer function

Owing to the mask-side non-telecentricity resulting from the reflective nature of extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL), mask shadowing is well-known to be an issue for EUVL. The shadowing problem is also expected to become more severe as numerical apertures are increased in the future and even larger mask illumination angles are needed. Although the shadowing problem in general has been well studied, the impact this effect might have on the transfer of line-edge roughness (LER) from the mask to the wafer has not been studied. Here we extend previous efforts in the analysis of the LER transfer function (LTF) to explicitly include 3D mask effects. We show that the LTF differs for the shadowed and non-shadowed directions: moreover, the LTF of the left-side edge differs from the right-side edge in the shadowed direction. Finally, we also observe a breakdown of the linearity of the LTF for shadowed features.
Metastatic germ cell tumor to the heart presenting with syncope

Malignant nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCT) rarely metastasize to the heart. The first such case presenting with syncope is described. Eight previously described cases of NSGCT with intracaval metastasis to the heart are reviewed and the literature to date is discussed. Transesophageal echocardiography is the diagnostic study of choice and treatment consists primarily of platinum-based chemotherapy followed by surgical resection of residual deposits.
The system HCl+InCl3+H2O from 5 to 55°C: Application of Harned's rule

Electromotive-force measurements of cells containing hydrochloric acid and indium chloride have been made to determine the variation of the log of the activity coefficient of hydrochloric acid with change in the amount of indium chloride in the solution. The simpler Harned equations have been used to fit the data. The quadratic terms in the Harned equations for the activity coefficients of HCl in the salt mixtures are required for a good fit of the 968 experimental emf data points at all the experimental ionic strengths and temperatures. The more convenient Pitzer ion-interaction treatment of the data will be reported in a separate publication which will include the values of the Pitzer parameters for pure InCl3(aq), and mixing parameters for H+−In+3 and H+−In+3−Cl−. A comprehensive investigation on the mixed electrolyte solutions at 11 different constant total ionic strengths ranging from 0.05 to 3.5 mol-kg−1 was made at 11 temperatures from 5 to 55°C using the cell without liquid junction of the type: Pt,H2(g, 1 atm)|HCl(mA)+InCl3(mB)+H2O|AgCl,AG (A).
Electrical resistivity of amorphous nickel phosphorus alloys

Abstract Electrical resistivity measurements between 4 and 300 K on glassy Ni-P alloys are used to show that liquid transition-metal theory is applicable to the metallic glasses. Our heat capacity results support the use of that theory and also show that a “sinking band” model is appropriate for this system.
An algorithm for solving the multi-period online fulfillment assignment problem

This paper develops an optimal solution procedure for the multi-period online fulfillment assignment problem to determine how many and which of a retailer/e-tailer's capacitated regional warehouse locations should be set up to handle online sales over a finite planning horizon. To reduce the number of candidate solutions in each period, dominance rules from the facility location literature are extended to handle the nonlinear holding and backorder cost implications of our problem. Computational results indicate that multi-period considerations can play a major role in determining the optimal set of online fulfillment locations. In 92% of our test problems, the multi-period solution incorporated fewer openings and closings than myopic single period solutions. To illustrate the use of the model under changing demands, the multi-period solution yielded different supply chain configurations than the myopic single period solution in over 37% of the periods.
Microwave true time-delay modulator using fibre-optic dispersion

A new method for providing a continuously variable, true time delay for radio frequency (RF), microwave, and millimetre wave signals using fibre optics is proposed and demonstrated. Variation in time delay up to 1.7 ns and millisecond-order modulation speeds are demonstrated for signals to 20 GHz.
Evaluation of the solar disk sextant concept.

In this paper the viability of the solar disk sextant concept is evaluated, the optimum parameters required to carry out solar variability studies, which are the mission objectives, are derived. The experimental environment is first discussed, followed by the application of the finite Fourier transform definition (FFTD) to the detector array data. The requirements on the optical system are studied next. A computer program was carried out simulating solar edge data and FFTD. From this study, it is concluded that the required accuracy of measurement may be reached using currently available detector array technology, a focal ratio of the optical system in excess of 90, and an entrance aperture of 22 cm. The guidance error must be small enough to require no more than a correction rate of 0.1 arcsec/sec. All these conditions are well within current technology.
Individual residue correlation times of peptides from proton relaxation parameters: application to gramicidin S.

Abstract Three 1 H nmr relaxation methods are presented for determining the correlation times of interproton vectors in peptides and proteins. Within experimental error a single correlation time, 11 × 10 −10 sec., is found for the backbone interproton vectors in gramicidin S. These methods are generally applicable to the measurement of side chain and backbone motional rates of peptides and other biopolymers and can be used for determinations of interproton distances from 1 H nuclear Overhauser effects.
Musculoskeletal: what’s different in children? Dancing, falls: goes for a week but pain in the wrist persists

This 11-year-old girl sustained a right wrist injury 7 days before coming to our emergency room (ER). At the time of the injury, she was dancing, having fun, and then tripped and fell. She braced herself with her right hand and wrist. She had immediate wrist pain and swelling, but shortly this subsided and she went about her daily activities. However, pain persisted for the entire week and as a result she was brought to our ER by her parents. Upon arrival to the ER, she was in completely good health except for findings related to the right wrist and hand. There was soft tissue swelling, tenderness, and reduced range of movement of the wrist. She also related that she had pain while she was writing and when she put some pressure on the wrist. Radiographs were then obtained (Fig. 1). Do you see a fracture?
Human papillomavirus vaccine: are the concerns unfounded?

Significant controversy and debate continue to surround the issue of mandatory immunization requirements with the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine in adolescent females. Much of the attention in the media has been directed to one extreme or the other and oftentimes used to support the agendas of
Efficacy of Intratracheal Administration of Newcastle Disease Vaccine in Day-Old Chicks

Groups of day-old chicks with varying levels of parental antibody were vaccinated against Newcastle disease (B1 strain) with a commercially available device which simultaneously debeaks the chick and emits a fine spray of vaccine into its trachea. Some groups were also vaccinated (B1 or Lasota strain) with a commercially available vaccine sprayer at 9 days, 14 days, or 9 and 25 days of age. Response to vaccine was evaluated once each week during the experimental period of approximately 8 weeks HI titers were determined and 10 chicks were challenged with the Texas GB strain of Newcastle disease virus. In chicks with low to moderate levels of maternal antibody a satisfactory antibody response was attained by vaccination at 1 day of age, and in most cases resistance to challenge was evident by 3 weeks of age. Intratracheal vaccination of chicks with extremely high levels of maternal antibody had a minimal antibody response. All groups of chicks spray vaccinated at 9, 14, or 9 and 25 days of age showed a marked increase in antibody titer regardless of whether they had been vaccinated at 1 day of age.
Temperature Dependence of F-Center Production and Aggregation in NaCl

The temperature dependence of the vacancy production rate and of the $F$-aggregate-center equilibrium ratio has been measured for electron-irradiated NaCl. The onset of the doserate dependence has also been observed. Temperatures obtained from these measurements are compared with the thermal annealing temperature of self-trapped holes and with the temperature at which $F$-aggregate centers form spontaneously in the dark. The maximum vacancy production efficiency occurs near 210 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K; the dose-rate dependence can be observed above 175 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. These temperatures are significantly below 260 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K at which aggregation occurs. Thus different processes appear to be rate controlling for radiation-defect production on one hand and aggregation on the other. The results support the suggestion that electron-hole recombination at non-defect-producing sites limits defect production at temperatures at which holes are mobile. They also support the idea that aggregate-center formation in the presence or absence of irradiation is determined by motion of ${F}^{+}$ centers.
Algebraic Pruning: A Fast Technique for Curve and Surface Intersection

Abstract Computing the intersection of parametric and algebraic curves and surfaces is a fundamental problem in computer graphics and geometric modeling. This problem has been extensively studied in the literature and different techniques based on subdivision, interval analysis and algebraic formulation are known. For low degree curves and surfaces algebraic methods are considered to be the fastest, whereas techniques based on subdivision and Bezier clipping perform better for higher degree intersections. In this paper, we introduce a new technique of algebraic pruning based on the algebraic approaches and eigenvalue formulation of the problem. The resulting algorithm corresponds to computing only selected eigenvalues in the domain of intersection. This is based on matrix formulation of the intersection problem, power iterations and geometric properties of Bezier curves and surfaces. The algorithm prunes the domain and converges to the solutions rapidly. It has been applied to intersection of parametric and algebraic curves, ray tracing and curve-surface intersections. The resulting algorithm compares favorably with earlier methods in terms of performance and accuracy.
Limits of recovery against slip-induced falls while walking

Abstract Slip-induced falls in gait often have devastating consequences. The purposes of this study were 1) to select the determinants that can best discriminate the outcomes (recoveries or falls) of an unannounced slip induced in gait (and to find their corresponding threshold, i.e., the limits of recovery, which can clearly separate these two outcomes), and 2) to verify these results in a subset of repeated-slip trials. Based on the data collected from 69 young subjects during a slip induced in gait, nine different ways of combining the center of mass (COM) stability, the hip height, and its vertical velocity were investigated with the aid of logistic regression. The results revealed that the COM stability ( s ) and limb support (represented by the quotient of hip vertical velocity to hip height, S hip ) recorded at the instant immediately prior to the recovery step touchdown were sufficiently sensitive to account for all (100%) variance in falls, and specific enough to account for nearly all (98.3%) variability in recoveries. This boundary ( S hip =−0.22 s −0.25), which quantifies the risk of falls in the stability–limb support quotient ( s – S hip ) domain, was fully verified using second-slip and third-slip trials ( n =76) with classification of falls at 100% and recoveries at 98.6%. The severity of an actual fall is likely to be greater further below the boundary, while the likelihood of a fall diminishes above it. Finally, the slope of the boundary also indicates the tradeoff between the stability and limb support, whereby high stability can compensate for the insufficiency in limb support, or vice versa .
Folk concepts and intuitions: from philosophy to cognitive science

Analytic philosophers have long used a priori methods to characterize folk concepts such as knowledge, belief and wrongness. Recently, researchers have begun to exploit social scientific methodologies to characterize such folk concepts. One line of work has explored folk intuitions with cases that are disputed within philosophy. A second approach, with potentially more radical implications, applies the methods of cross-cultural psychology to philosophical intuitions. Recent work in this area suggests that people in different cultures have systematically different intuitions surrounding folk concepts. A third strand of research explores the emergence and character of folk concepts in children. These approaches to characterizing folk concepts provide important resources that will supplement, and perhaps in some cases displace, a priori approaches.
First fission yield measurements at the National Ignition Facility: 14-MeV neutron fission of 238U

The use of the Solid Radiochemistry diagnostic platform at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) has allowed the development and implementation of the Target Option Activation Device assembly for fielding materials of interest inside the NIF chamber during high yield neutron shots. Preliminary studies with ultra-depleted uranium have allowed for the measurements of fission yields of 238U. Radiochemical procedures were utilized for the separation of fission and reaction products from the target material to provide higher sensitivity measurements. Cumulative fission mass-yields for 32 different isobars, 72 ≤ A ≤ 153, were measured from experiments fielded on two separate NIF shots.