cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Colville batholith: Tertiary plutonism in northeast Washington associated with graben and core-complex (gneiss dome) formation

The Colville batholith in the central Okanogan Highlands of Washington is composed of numerous individual granitoid intrusions (plutons), most of which may be grouped on the basis of field evidence, modal analysis, and major-element chemical composition into three successive intrusive suites: the Keller Butte suite (KBS), the Devils Elbow suite (DES), and the Herron Creek suite (HCS). The KBS is distinguished from the younger intrusive suites by (1) modes restricted to the fields of granite and granodiorite; (2) lack of horn-blende; (3) a relatively Fe-rich AFM variation trend; (4) an alkali-lime index classification of calcic, as opposed to calc-alkalic and alkali-calcic for the younger suites; (5) compositions >64% SiO2 and (6) low MgO relative to SiO2 The DES is distinguished from the HCS by (1) its lower modal alkali feldspar and correspondingly low K2O relative to SiO2 and (2) a slightly more Fe-rich AFM variation trend. Biotite and hornblende K-Ar ages, the most believable and geologically significant of which are concordant ages from plutons of the DES, indicate the batholith is early Tertiary in age. Norms of highly evolved residual aplitic granite suggest that the magmas completed crystallization at 2 to 3 km depth. The structural relations of the plutonic rocks suggest that associated core-complex and graben structures were active both before and after emplacement of KBS and DES plutons, and that the graben structures continued to develop until after emplacement of the HCS. The structural relations and radiometric ages, taken together, lead to the conclusion that the batholith, core complexes, and graben structures are all broadly contemporaneous and chiefly of early Tertiary age.
Miracles in Science and Theology

Miracles are not “violations” of nature. Contemporary miraculous healings seem to follow natural healing processes but to be enormously accelerated. Like grace, miracles elevate but do not contradict nature. Scriptural miracles, but also contemporary miracle accounts, have something to tell us about how God acts in the world.
Computers and urban society

This brief survey of the use of computers in urban society covers the broad range of activities found in any city. The future scope of applications is limited only by the imagination and inventiveness of future system designers, programmers, analysts, and decision makers. The computer can be, if properly used, with respect for human dignity and civil liberty, a significant factor in improving the efficiency of the urban process. It is expected that the benefits of such computer usage will outweigh the costs and that we may look forward to an expansion of such usage.
Static measurements of slender delta wing rolling moment hysteresis

Slender delta wing planforms are susceptible to self-induced roll oscillations due to aerodynamic hysteresis during the limit cycle roll oscillation. Test results are presented which clearly establish that the static rolling moment hysteresis has a damping character; hysteresis tends to be greater when, due to either wing roll or side slip, the vortex burst moves back and forth over the wing trailing edge. These data are an indirect indication of the damping role of the vortex burst during limit cycle roll oscillations.
Computationally efficient techniques in the hydroelasticity analysis of very large floating structures

Abstract Two techniques are introduced in the three-dimensional hydroelasticity theory to increase the computational efficiency for the determination of the dynamic response of very large floating structures (VLFS). One technique is related to the convergence of the Green function and its derivatives, namely the introduction of a criterion used to truncate the influence of the Green function and its derivatives. The other involves using an iterative sparse solver for the linear system of equations. The principle motivation behind the application of these two techniques stems from the fact that a source makes a very small contribution to the potential at a point “far away” from the source point. By employing these two techniques in the hydroelastic analysis of a VLFS, the CPU time and required storage are considerably reduced and therefore it is now possible to analyze the dynamics of a VLFS as large as a floating airport by using the three-dimensional panel method.
Professional performance of physician's assistants: a comparison of physician's assistant and physician ratings.

Physician's assistant educational programs have used surveys of their graduates as one method of evaluating educational objectives and curricula. A concern is the validitY' of phisician's assistant self-ratings as measures of job performance. Ratings by supervising phy sicians have been suggested as more valid measures. In the present stud) ratings of physician's assistants and their supervising phy sicians were compared. Physician's assistants and their supervising physicians were interviewed using an interview instrument developed to cover the performance of the physician's assistant in the major activities ofprimary' care practice. While the physicians and physician's assistants disagreed on several measures, in all cases the ratings of the physician's assistants were more conservative. Thus, the physician's assistants did not show any tendency to inflate ratings of their own performance.
Work to rest durations ratios exceeding unity are a risk factor for low back disorder; a feline model

Abstract Low back disorders are prominent among the work force engaged in static anterior flexion during the workday. As a continuing part of a long-term research aimed to identify the biomechanical and physiological processes and corresponding risk factors leading to such cumulative trauma disorder (CTD), we ventured to assess the effect of rest and the work-to-rest duration ratios that may prevent CTD. Three groups of the feline model were subjected to three load/rest paradigms: two 30min loading periods spaced by 10min rest in Group I, two 30min loading period spaced by 30min rest in Group II and one 60min loading period for Group III. The cumulative loading duration in the three groups was 60min. Each of the groups were allowed 7h of rest while monitoring EMG and lumbar viscoelastic tissue creep each hour. The results demonstrate that for two 30min load periods with a 30min in between rest, an acute neuromuscular disorder was not present whereas for two 30min loading with a 10min rest it was. Similarly, for a 60min loading with long-term rest, the disorder was present. Post hoc Fisher analysis demonstrated significant differences in the delayed hyperexcitability between the first and second group ( P P P P
Performance analysis of multiple access protocols in multihop networks

Discusses the use of the busy tone multiple access (BTMA) protocol in multihop networks. The paper extends the analysis of Takagi and Kleinrock (1984) and provides the long run average throughput from the hidden Markov model. The performances of conservative BTMA and idealistic destination based BTMA. Multichannel CSMA and BTMA protocols are also discussed for the multihop networks. >
Comparison of different analytical methods for assessing total antioxidant capacity of human serum

Three assays were compared for the determination of total antioxidant capacity in human serum: the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay, the Randox Trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity (Randox-TEAC) assay, and the ferric reducing ability (FRAP) assay. There was a weak but significant linear correlation between serum ORAC and serum FRAP. There was no correlation either between serum ORAC and serum TEAC or between serum FRAP and serum TEAC. The effect of dilution on the serum TEAC value and the use of inhibition percentage at a fixed time, without considering the length of inhibition time in the quantitation of results, adversely affected the Randox-TEAC assay. The FRAP assay is simple and inexpensive but does not measure the SH-group-containing antioxidants. The ORAC assay has high specificity and responds to numerous antioxidants. By utilizing different extraction techniques in the ORAC assay, one can remove serum proteins and also make some gross differentiation between aqueous and lipid-soluble antioxidants. However, the ORAC assay requires ∼60 min more than the FRAP or Randox-TEAC assay to quantitate results.
Obesity and headache: Part II--potential mechanism and treatment considerations.

Obesity and headache are both associated with a substantial personal and societal impact, and epidemiologic studies have consistently identified a positive association between obesity and headache in general, as well as obesity and migraine specifically (see part I). In the current manuscript, we will discuss the potential mechanisms for the migraine–obesity association, with a focus on the central and peripheral pathophysiological pathways which overlap between migraine and those modulating the drive to feed. We then discuss surgical, behavioral, and pharmacological treatment considerations for overweight and obese migraineurs as well as for those with idiopathic intracranial hypertension. We close by briefly discussing where future research may be headed in light of this data.
A study of the influence of surface albedo on July circulation in semi‐arid regions using the glas GCM

A numerical simulation study of the influence of surface albedo on July circulation in semi-arid regions, using the general circulation model (GCM) of the Goddard Laboratory of Atmospheric Sciences (GLAS) is presented. The results are based on two 47-day integrations. In the first integration, called the control run, the surface albedo was normally prescribed, whereas in the second integration, called the anomaly run, the surface albedo was modified in four regions: the Sahel in Africa, the western Great Plains in the United States, the Thar Desert border in the Indian subcontinent, and northeast Brazil in South America. This experiment is similar to that of Charney et al. (1977); however, it was performed with the GLAS model with vastly different boundary forcings and several changes in the physical parameterizations. Each run was started from observed initial conditions for 15 June 1979, based on NMC analysis. An analysis of the two simulations shows that in the Sahel, and the Thar Desert border regions the current results again show reduced precipitation with increased surface albedo in accordance with Charney et al. (1977) and Charney (1975). The semi-arid northeast Brazil region, which had a winter circulation, also conforms with Charney's (1975) hypothesis. However, the Great Plains region was an exception. There the total precipitation in two simulations was unchanged, as was the total cloudiness. In this region, the convective precipitation was reduced somewhat, while the large-scale precipitation compensated this decrease by approximately the same amount. The lack of albedo impact on precipitation in the Great Plains region could be due to the influence of the Rocky Mountains in generating variations in the large-scale flow. The purpose of repeating Charney's albedo experiment was to test the sensitivity of his earlier results with the current GLAS GCM which has substantially modified physical parameterizations, particularly the planetary boundary layer (PBL), crucially important for such impact studies. Taking into account that both the GCM and the initial conditions of the atmosphere were different, it is worth noting that this experiment still provides support for Charney's hypothesis (1975) regarding the influence of surface albedo on mean-monthly climatology in the subtropical desert margin regions. Another important influence noted was the variability of mean monthly simulation in areas far away from the albedo anomaly regions. Because the differences occur in regions of high observed climatological variability, it is necessary to separate the contribution of albedo anomalies as opposed to the model variability. The influence of surface albedo changes to produce large changes in the mean montly circulation elsewhere is very intriguing and needs further investigation.
Culture as a tool: facilitating knowledge construction in the context of a learning community

Knowledge construction is regarded as an effective learning model in practice. When more and more learning communities are organized to promote knowledge construction, it is necessary to know how to use different tools to support knowledge construction in the learning community context. In the literature, few researchers discuss how to construct knowledge with such tools in the contexts of learning communities. The purpose of this project is to explore how culture as a tool supports knowledge construction in the context of the Zhabei Learning Community in Shanghai, China. Social constructionism and the cultural diamond are employed as devices to frame the study. Some of the conclusions are influenced by postmodernism. Data from five learning cells indicate that culture is a bridge that connects multiple knowledge creators together; culture is a prop which transfers knowledge to a variety of receivers; culture is a lubricant nurturing an open learning environment; and culture is used as a toolkit to compos...
Robust voiced/unvoiced/mixed/silence classifier with maximum a posteriori channel/background adaptation

A new statistical voiced/unvoiced/mixed/silence classifier based on a maximum a posteriori (MAP) adaptation algorithm is presented. The speech signal distributions are modeled with Gaussian mixture models (GMM). The MAP re-estimation of model parameters is based on the sufficient statistics within a form of Bayesian adaptation. The robustness of the proposed technique and model adaptation to different background/channel conditions were evaluated. Experimental results show that the proposed method can adapt and is robust to adverse signal conditions, such as SNR as low as 3 dB, noise in a moving vehicle, and band-limited channel conditions.
The influence of land use on forest structure, species composition, and soil conditions in headwater-slope wetlands of coastal Alabama, USA

Wetlands are impacted by surrounding land use and land cover (LULC), but little information is available specifically on headwater wetlands. A total of 30 headwater wetlands were examined in coastal Alabama, USA, representing a range of surrounding LULC. Percent cover by forest, agriculture, and impervious surface area (ISA) (i.e., urban land use) were quantified in each corresponding watershed. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to eliminate collinearity within land use data and produce orthogonal variables that represented gradients of forest cover, agriculture, and urban land use. Canopy tree density, diameter, species cover, importance values, and soil value/chroma were measured in each wetland. Exotic species cover was significantly related to land use change with increases in exotic shrubs associated with decreases in watershed forest cover. Field observations and analysis suggest that extensive colonization by the exotic shrub Ligustrum sinense may inhibit tree recruitment and alter wetlan...
The 'thrombus' that never was.

A 72-year-old male presented with an ST-elevation myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock warranting placement of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD, Tandem Heart, Cardiac Assist, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA, USA) and an intra-aortic balloon pump. Eight hours after the LVAD placement, transthoracic echocardiogram revealed an echodense immobile structure filling the whole left ventricular cavity, diagnosed as a thrombus ( Figure …
Adenosine A2A agonist reduces paralysis after spinal cord ischemia: Correlation with A2A receptor expression on motor neurons

Abstract Background . The adenosine A 2A agonist ATL-146e ameliorates reperfusion inflammation, reducing subsequent paralysis and neuronal apoptosis after spinal cord ischemia. We hypothesized that neuroprotection with ATL-146e involves inducible neuronal adenosine A 2A receptors (A 2A -R) that are upregulated after ischemia. Methods . Eighteen rabbits underwent laparotomy, and 14 sustained spinal cord ischemia from cross-clamping the infrarenal aorta for 45 minutes. One group (ischemia-reperfusion [I/R] + ATL) received ATL-146e intravenously for 3 hours during spinal cord reperfusion. A second group (I/R) received equivolume intravenous saline solution for 3 hours and served as an ischemic control, and a third group (Sham) underwent sham laparotomy. At 48 hours, all subjects were assessed for motor impairment using the Tarlov scoring system (0 to 5). Lumbar spinal cord sections were immunolabeled for A 2A -R and graded in a blinded fashion using light microscopy. Results . There was a significant improvement in Tarlov scores in I/R + ATL animals compared with the I/R group. Sham-operated animals demonstrated no A 2A -R immunoreactivity. There was a dramatic increase in A 2A -R immunoreactivity in neurons of lumbar spinal cord sections from I/R compared with I/R + ATL and sham-operated animals. Conclusions . Reduction in paralysis in animals receiving ATL-146e correlates with the new finding of A 2A -R expression on lumbar spinal cord motor neurons after ischemia. Adenosine A 2A agonists may exert neuroprotective effects by binding to inducible neuronal A 2A -R that are upregulated during spinal cord reperfusion, and reduced in response to administration of an A 2A -R-specific agonist.
Protein–Protein Interactions Among Xyloglucan-Synthesizing Enzymes and Formation of Golgi-Localized Multiprotein Complexes

Arabidopsis thaliana xyloglucan has an XXXG structure, with branches of xylosyl residues, β-D-galacosyl-(1,2)-α-d-xylosyl motifs and fucosylated β-D-galactosyl-(1,2)-α-D-xylosyl motifs. Most of the enzymes involved in xyloglucan biosynthesis in Arabidopsis have been identified, including the glucan synthase CSLC4 (cellulose synthase-like C4), three xylosyltransferases (XXT1, XXT2 and XXT5), two galactosyltransferases (MUR3 and XLT2) and the fucosyltransferase FUT1. The XXTs and CSLC4 form homo- and heterocomplexes and were proposed to co-localize in the same complex, but the organization of the other xyloglucan-synthesizing enzymes remains unclear. Here we investigate whether the glycosyltransferases MUR3, XLT2 and FUT1 interact with the XXT-CSLC4 complexes in the Arabidopsis Golgi. We used co-immunoprecipitation and bimolecular fluorescence complementation, with signal quantification by flow cytometry, to demonstrate that CSLC4 interacts with MUR3, XLT2 and FUT1. FUT1 forms homocomplexes and interacts with MUR3, XLT2, XXT2 and XXT5. XLT2 interacts with XXT2 and XXT5, but MUR3 does not. Co-immunoprecipitation assays showed that FUT1 forms a homocomplex through disulfide bonds, and formation of the heterocomplexes does not involve covalent interactions. In vitro pull-down assays indicated that interactions in the FUT1-MUR3 and FUT1-XXT2 complexes occur through the protein catalytic domains. We propose that enzymes involved in xyloglucan biosynthesis are functionally organized in multiprotein complexes localized in the Golgi.
Analysis of Binding of [3H]Estradiol to the Cytosol Fraction of Rat Pancreas: Comparison with Sites in the Cytosol of Uterus

The cytosol fraction of rat pancreas [100,000 × g (for 1 h) supernatant] demonstrated specific but nonsaturable binding of [3H]estradiol in the concentration range of 2–50 × 10−9 M. Scatchard analysis of specifically bound [3H]estradiol, determined by the isotope dilution technique (competition with excess unlabeled estradiol), indicated a single class of binding sites (∼4.4 pmol/mg protein) with an apparent Kd of 5 × 10−8 M. Such cytosol fractions, prepared from homogenates that contained protease inhibitors, when prelabeled with [3H]estradiol, demonstrated a single sharp eluate peak of radioactivity after Sephadex G-200 chromatography that corresponded to a molecular weight of 120,000. When protease inhibitors were omitted, [3H]estradiol was associated with material of considerably lower molecular weight. Routinely, the protease inhibitors leupeptin (1 mM), phenylsulfonyl fluoride (0.5 mM), and tosylphenylalanylchloromethyl ketone (0.05 mM) were included in the buffer used for homogenizing both the panc...
Pathways Abroad: Gender and International Migration Recruitment Choices in Northern Thailand

Based on findings from a series of in-depth interviews with returned migrant workers, recruiters, and government officials in Thailand, this paper extends the analysis of the Thai international lab...
Emergent dynamics of information propagation in large networks

Large scale networked systems that include heterogeneous entities, e.g., humans and computational entities are becoming increasingly prevalent. Prominent applications include the Internet, large scale disaster relief and network centric warfare. In such systems, large heterogeneous coordinating entities exchange uncertain information to obtain situation awareness. Uncertain and possibly conflicting sensor data is shared across a peer-to-peer network. Not every team member will have direct access to sensors and team members will be influenced mostly by their neighbors in the network with whom they communicate directly. In this talk I will present our work on the dynamics and emergent behaviors of a large team sharing beliefs to reach conclusions about the world. Unlike past work, the nodes in the networks we study are autonomous and actively fuse information they receive. Nodes can change their beliefs as they receive additional information over time. We find empirically that the dynamics of information propagation in such belief sharing systems are characterized by information avalanches of belief changes caused by a single additional sensor reading. The distribution of the size of these avalanches dictates the speed and accuracy with which the team reaches conclusions. A key property of the system is that it exhibits qualitatively different dynamics and system performance over different ranges of system parameters. In one particular range, the system exhibits behavior known as scale-invariant dynamics which we empirically find to correspond to dramatically more accurate conclusions being reached by team members. Due to the fact that the ranges are very sensitive to configuration details, the parameter ranges over which specific system dynamics occur are extremely difficult to predict precisely. I will present results on the emergent belief propagation dynamics in those systems, mathematical characterization of the systems' behavior and distributed algorithms for adapting the network behaviors to steer the whole system to areas of optimized performance.
Development and usage of a NIST standard reference material for real time PCR quantitation of human DNA

Abstract National Institute of Standards and Technology SRM 2372 human DNA quantitation standard has been produced to support the need for a human-specific DNA quantitation standard in forensic casework and calibration of new quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays. The conventional DNA concentration has been assigned with one of the U.S. National Reference UV/Visible Spectrophotometers, assuming an absorbance of 1.0 at 260 nm equals 50 ng/μL of double stranded DNA. In addition, an interlaboratory study has been conducted, to verify that the SRM 2372 materials perform well in currently used DNA quantitation assays by the forensic DNA community. Each unit of SRM 2372 consists of three well-characterized DNA extracts. Component A is a single-source human male material derived from blood. Component B is a multiple-source human female material derived from blood. Component C was purchased as a purified unsheared genomic human DNA (Sigma–Aldrich Co., St. Louis, MO) obtained as a lyophilized human genomic extract and has both male and female donors. SRM 2372 is intended to enable the comparison of DNA concentration measurements across time and place. Manufacturers can use SRM 2372 to validate the values assigned to their own reference materials. Individual forensic laboratories can use SRM 2372 to validate DNA quantitation methods and to verify the assigned concentration of in-house or commercial DNA calibration standards.
An Experimental Study of Monopropellant Combustion in Small Volume

and diameter of 5 mm was experimentally investigated. The meso-scale combustor utilized a vortex combustion concept, which has been demonstrated to be useful for stabilizing combustion of gaseous hydrocarbon air mixtures in small volumes. The monopropellants were injected tangentially from the backend of the cylindrical combustor and the combustion products exited the chamber tangentially at the other end. Stable combustion of nitromethane was not found achievable at atmospheric pressure, although combustion can be self-sustained by enhancing the kinetic rates of the reaction with the addition of a small amount of oxygen (air). Pressurization of the combustor has an equivalent effect as oxygen enrichment on flame stabilization due to the high sensitivity of nitromethane kinetic rates to pressure. Stable combustion in the vortex combustor was achieved at pressures higher than 260 psi, although various hydrocarbon compounds such as CH4, C2H2, and C2H4 are found in the FT-IR spectra of the combustion products at low pressures suggesting incomplete combustion due to insufficient flow residence time. Complete combustion was achieved at chamber pressures above 350 psi. The chemical power input was ~230W for all the cases investigated.
An InSAR-based survey of volcanic deformation in the southern Andes

We use Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) to search for surface deformation in the southern Andes (40°S–46°S and 49°S–53°S) associated with magmatic processes. Although the available data are not optimal, we can constrain the amount of volcanic deformation at about 27 Holocene volcanoes between the years 1993–1999. We detect inflation of Cerro Hudson volcano following its 1991 eruption, and use spherical and non-spherical models to constrain the source of deformation to be between 4 and 8 km below sea level. We measure the rate of deformation to be about 5 cm/year in the radar line-of-sight, and infer that the maximum deformation could exceed 10 cm/year in the center of the caldera. Within the errors of the measurements, the rate of deformation is constant from 1993–1998 (10–30 × 10^6 m^3/year). At this rate, 100–200 years is required to accumulate the volume of material erupted in 1991.
Performance Evaluation of College and University Faculty: An Economic Perspective.

This article applies the economic model of utility maximization to two important controversies in the area of faculty performance evaluation: the relationship between teaching effectiveness and res...
Hemodynamic response to ketamine in children with pulmonary hypertension.

Summary Background The safety of ketamine in children with pulmonary hypertension has been debated because of conflicting results of prior studies in which changes in mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) have been widely variable. The goal of this prospective study was to quantitate the effects of ketamine on pulmonary hemodynamics in a cohort of children with pulmonary hypertension under conditions in which variables such as airway/ventilatory management, FiO2, and use of vasodilating anesthetics were controlled. Methods The IRB approved this study of 34 children undergoing cardiac catheterization for pulmonary hypertension studies. Following anesthetic induction with sevoflurane and tracheal intubation facilitated by the administration of rocuronium 0.7–1 mg·kg−1 iv, sevoflurane was discontinued and anesthesia was maintained with midazolam 0.1 mg·kg−1 iv (or 0.5 mg·kg−1 po preoperatively) and remifentanil iv infusion 0.5–0.7 mcg·kg−1·min−1. Ventilation was mechanically controlled to maintain PaCO2 35–40 mmHg. When endtidal sevoflurane was 0% and FiO2 was 0.21, baseline heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), mPAP, right atrial pressure (RAP), pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (PAOP), right ventricular end-diastolic pressure (RVEDP), cardiac output, and arterial blood gases were measured, and indexed systemic vascular resistance (SVRI), indexed pulmonary vascular resistance (PVRI), and cardiac index (CI) were calculated. Each child then received a bolus of ketamine 2 mg·kg−1 infused over 2 min. Measurements and calculations were repeated 2 min after the conclusion of the infusion. Results The mean (95% CI) increase in mPAP following ketamine was 2 mmHg (0.2, 3.7), which was statistically significant but clinically insignificant. PVRI and PVRI/SVRI did not change significantly. Hemodynamic changes did not differ among subjects with differing severity of pulmonary hypertension or between subjects chronically treated with pulmonary vasodilators or not. Conclusion Ketamine is associated with minimal, clinically insignificant hemodynamic changes in sedated, mechanically ventilated children with pulmonary hypertension.
Improving and optimizing reliability in future technologies with high-κ dielectrics

Three mechanisms primarily limit gate oxide scaling: bias temperature instability in both NFETs (PBTI) and PFETs (NBTI), and gate dielectric breakdown in NFETs (nTDDB). Strategies for reducing each mechanism are identified, and the overall effect of each mechanism on future scaling is discussed. Specialized ring oscillator structures that aid in the understanding of the effect of both PBTI and NBTI on circuit operation are explored.
Comparison of Several Numerical Algorithms for Image Reconstruction from Irregular Samples

Monte Carlo simulation is used to compare additive and multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique (ART), and the Scatterometer Image Reconstruction (SIR) algorithms to reconstruct images from noisy irregular samples. SIR is the most robust in the presence of noise.
The contaminating potential of bullets fired through intermediate targets.

Bullets and shrapnel fragments lodging in benign locations are frequently left in place due to their relatively quiescent metallic nature. While the propensity for large shrapnel to carry clothing and other foreign matter into a wound is known, few realize that new bullet designs and even simply constructed bullets and pellets may surreptitiously do the same. Autopsies of civilian shooting deaths serve to illustrate why this may occur and when to expect it. Language: en
Jane Addams as Feminist Heroine: Democracy and Contentious Politics

I have long been a puzzled admirer of Jean Elshtain's work, going back to graduate school when Public Man, Private Woman (Elshtain 1981) first came out, and I read it for a class in feminist theory taught by Nancy Hartsock. I remember another student, a Marxist, wrinkling her nose and saying about the author, “she's really pretty conservative, don't you think?” I had a hard time understanding this question. As a newcomer to feminism in the early 1980s, I perhaps naively thought that anyone who recognized that gender was an important category for political analysis, that it was a realm of inequality, and that canonical political theory actually had a lot to say about it despite the fact that most of our professors always blithely ignored it, was, by definition, pretty radical.
Hands up—Don’t shoot: Police shooting of young Black males: Implications for social work and human services

ABSTRACTPolice shootings of young Black males that ultimately result in their death have become an all-too-common occurrence in this country. The deaths of Michael Brown and Eric Gardner have highlighted police relations with this population. Before viable solutions can be established, a number of areas need to be addressed that relate to the historical context in which police relations with this group exist that impact current relations between the police and young Black males, why their lives are seemingly given less value by society than those of their White counterparts, the role that spirituality and religiosity play that may help to make connections between them and the police, and the benefit of the Black church in fostering amicable police relations with young Black males. This article addresses these issues and concludes with recommendations for how the social work and human services professions, along with the Black church and police, can be responsive and proactive in addressing this social pro...
INFERTILITY AND BREAST CANCER: A POPULATION-BASED CASE-CONTROL STUDY

To investigate whether a history of infertility affects a woman's risk of developing breast cancer, the authors analyzed case-control data collected between 1980 and 1982 as part of the Cancer and Steroid Hormone Study. The 4,730 cases were women aged 20-54 years with a first diagnosis of breast cancer ascertained from eight population-based cancer registries; the 4,688 controls were women randomly selected from the general population of these same eight areas. After controlling for age, age at first birth, and parity, the odds ratio (OR) for breast cancer associated with infertility was 1.01 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.89-1.15) among gravid women. Controlling for age, the odds ratio was 0.82 (95% CI 0.59-1.14) among nulligravid women. Women who reported that the reason for their infertility was a problem with their ovaries had a risk similar to that for women without a history of infertility (OR = 0.75, 95% CI 0.48-1.24). Women whose physicians reported that the reason for their infertility was anovulation or Stein-Leventhal syndrome also had risks similar to those for women without a history of infertility (OR = 1.26 (95% CI 0.67-2.34) and OR = 1.13 (95% CI 0.46-2.78), respectively). Menopausal status, age at menarche, history of spontaneous abortions, drinking or smoking behavior, use of exogenous hormones, or family history of breast cancer did not appreciably alter the observed odds ratios. If infertility has an effect on breast cancer that is independent of age at first birth, then the effect is small.
Petalite under pressure: Elastic behavior and phase stability

The lithium aluminosilicate mineral petalite (LiAlSi 4 O 10 ) has been studied with high-pressure single-crystal X-ray diffraction (HP-XRD) up to 5 GPa. Petalite undergoes two fully reversible pressure-induced first-order phase transitions, not previously reported in the literature, at ca. 1.5 and 2.5 GPa. The first of these transforms the low-pressure α-phase of petalite ( P 2/ c ) to an intermediate β′-phase that then fully converts to the high-pressure β-phase at ca. 2.5 GPa. The α → β transition is isomorphic and is associated with tripling of the unit-cell volume. Analysis of the HP-XRD data show that although the fundamental features of the petalite structure are retained through this transition, there are subtle alterations in the internal structure of the silicate double-layers in the β-phase relative to the α-phase. Measurement of the unit-cell parameters of petalite as a function of pressure, and fitting of the data with third-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state, has provided revised elastic constants for petalite. The bulk moduli of the α- and β-phases are 49(1) and 35(3) GPa, respectively. These values indicate that the compressibility of the α-phase of petalite lies between those of the alkali feldpsars and alkali feldspathoids, whereas the β-phase has a compressibility more comparable with layered silicates. Structure analysis has shown that the compression of the α-phase is facilitated by the rigid body movement of the Si 2 O 7 units from which the silicate double-layers are constructed.
Experimental Investigation of a 2-D MHD Slipstream Accelerator: Progress Report

An experimental study of the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effects of partially dissociated and ionized flow over a wedge with a 2 Tesla electromagnet is presently being undertaken in the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 24-inch Hypersonic Shock Tunnel. The wedge provides a 0to 20-degree flow turning angle into the 2-inch by 3-inch MHD channel. The selected flow freestream conditions are approximately Mach 7.6, 4100 K (7380 R) stagnation temperature, and 780-psia stagnation pressure. In the initial part of the study, the power generation characteristics of a similar wedge in the same flow were investigated to determine the conductivity of the flow through the MHD channel. The generator results have been verified. The next phase of study involves the establishment of an electric discharge between the electrodes of the new model to enhance conductivity and accelerate the plasma. Initial calculations have revealed that at least 30 kW of energy must be added to the flow to see a 1 psia increase in impact pressure behind the MHD channel. The initial testing of the model's major components (electromagnet and exploding wire) are the subject of this paper.
Clinical and Bacteriologic Observations on a Recently Recognized Species of Enterobacteriaceae, Citrobacter diversus

Isolates of a recently recognized species of Enterobacteriaceae, Citrobacter diversus, were studied in terms of their biochemical characteristics and their role in human infections. Members of this species do not produce hydrogen sulfide, but they do produce indole and ornithine decarboxylase and ferment adonitol, which differentiates them from similar enteric organisms. They were associated with significant clinical disease causing both primary and secondary infections.
RM-02LONG-TERM SURVIVAL IN GLIOBLASTOMA PATIENTS FOLLOWING STROKE: A NON-CONSECUTIVE CASE SERIES.

BACKGROUND: Though glioblastoma is aptly considered a diffuse invasive disease, occasionally the blood supply to the tumor falls within the vascular distribution of a single artery. In these instances, patients who suffer a stroke in the region of brain involved with tumor can sometimes survive much longer than one might expect, even in the absence of treatment. METHODS: In this single-institution retrospective analysis, we identified four non-consecutive glioblastoma patients who experienced a stroke following diagnosis. Glioblastoma pathology was confirmed by review at our institution in patients who were initially diagnosed elsewhere. RESULTS: All four patients remain alive, with ages ranging from 31 to 74. Stroke occurred following initial diagnosis in 1 patient, after first recurrence in 1 patient, and after second recurrence in 2 patients. Stroke resulted in permanent KPS decline of 10-20 in all patients. Three of the 4 patients are still progression-free; in the fourth, progression occurred outside the infarcted area. Survival from diagnosis: 48.5 mo, 103.2 mo, 108.2 mo, and 145.8 mo. Survival from stroke: 14.5 mo, 102.7 mo, 67.8 mo, and 74.0 mo, respectively. Survival since last treatment (in the 3 patients who are progression-free): 27.1 mo, 47.8 mo, 74.0 mo. CONCLUSION: Long-term survival with glioblastoma is uncommon, particularly following recurrence, and particularly in the absence of ongoing treatment. Though stroke is in general a poor prognostic factor for patients with glioblastoma, here we highlight the possibility that the acute vascular disruption that results from strokes can occasionally arrest tumor growth. Although endovascular embolization is unlikely to ever be considered an appropriate treatment for glioblastoma, these findings support the notion that vascular disrupting agents and endovascular therapies that are limited to a single vascular territory may have a role in the treatment of select patients.
Saccharomyces boulardii viability and efficacy in horses with antimicrobial-induced diarrhoea

Saccharomyces boulardii has been successfully used in the prevention and treatment of antimicrobial-associated diarrhoea in humans. We hypothesised that a viable, dried lyophilised preparation of S boulardii would survive in the gastrointestinal tract of horses with antimicrobial-associated enterocolitis, and significantly decrease the duration of diarrhoea. Twenty-one horses, over one year of age, with antimicrobial-associated diarrhoea of up to 72 hours duration, were consecutively randomised in a controlled prospective study. The treatment group received S boulardii (25 g, orally, every 12 hours) until the cessation of clinical signs. S boulardii was successfully cultured in 58.3 per cent of treatment horses on day 3. No statistically significant differences were found in days to return to normal faecal consistency; resolution of watery diarrhoea; return to normal heart rate, respiratory rate and temperature; resolution of leucopaenia; attitude improvement; appetite improvement; and survival at discharge. This is the first study to demonstrate survival of S boulardii in horses with gastrointestinal illness. Further study of the efficacy and safety of S boulardii in horses with antimicrobial-associated diarrhoea in a larger group is warranted.
Contact lens management of patients who have had unsuccessful refractive surgery

The advent of corneal refractive surgery has, inevitably, resulted in the occasional need for contact lens fitting after surgery. For each new, developing procedure, new contact lens fitting challenges arise. The literature on contact lens use after radial keratotomy is rich and well known, but reports on the use of contact lenses after photorefractive keratectomy or laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis are few and far between. This review summarizes the prevailing clinical opinions on the contact lenses and contact lens fitting methods that are most effective after refractive surgery that results in high refractive error, irregular astigmatism, or anisometropia.
On the nature of oxytocin and vasopressin from human pituitary.

SummaryThe oxytocic and pressor activities of the human posterior pituitary gland were separated chromatographically after preliminary purification. The behavior of purified components on ion exchange chromatography, paper chromatography and paper electrophoresis indicated that they possessed the properties of oxytocin and arginine vasopressin. The amino acid composition of the oxytocin and vasopressin isolated from the human glands was determined. It is evident that the oxytocin and vasopressin found in the human pituitary are identified as oxytocin and arginine vasopressin.
Application of VisVSA Model Based on Manufacturing Data in Manufacture

Taking a gap issue of a-Pillar for an example,this paper introduces how to use actual manufacturing data in the VisVSA model,and uses the analytical result to reflect and improve the gap.The poor gap is caused by many reasons,including human,machine,material,method,circumstance,measurement and so on.According to monitor manufacturing data and associate the VisVSA to find variation source of over-specification is the best way to save cost and improve assembly quality.
Establishment and Development of Managerial Sci-ence

Managerial science has gone through a very long history.In the order of historical development of manage-ment activities,this paper all-roundly introduces the evo-lution of management practice and the establishment anddevelopment of managerial science and looks into its de-velopment trend and characteristics.
Intra-articular corticosteroid for treating osteoarthritis of the knee.

An injection of the knee joint with a corticosteroid may improve the patient’s symptoms for up to three weeks after the injection (number needed to treat [NNT]= 3 to 4). There is no evidence that this intervention improves function, and there is little evidence of the benefits persisting beyond three weeks. Risk of dangerous adverse effects is minimal. Injection of hyaluronan and hylan products (Hyalgan, Orthovisc, Synvisc) may provide longer-lasting benefit.
Chordee without Hypospadias: Experience with 33 Cases

We treated 33 patients 6 months to 19 years old with penile chordee without hypospadias from 1966 to 1990. In all cases the penile shaft was degloved, the urethra was widely mobilized and chordee was resected. The shaft skin then was closed, usually using Byars' flaps to shift some preputial skin ventrally. This method sufficed to straighten the penis in 10 patients. In 3 patients urethral mobilization plus placement of a dermal graft to the shaft accomplished straightening of the penis. A total of 20 patients also required lengthening of the penile urethra. Lengthening was done with a graft taken from the prepuce in 14 patients, bladder in 2 and arm in 4. Four of those patients also required a dermal graft to the shaft. There were 8 complications in 7 patients, including anastomotic stenosis, ballooning of a graft, balanitis xerotica obliterans in a graft, urethral fistula and persistent chordee. Reoperation corrected each complication. All end results were satisfactory.
Qualitative microscopy of implanted vein grafts. Effects of graft integrity on morphologic fate.

This is an investigation of the relationship between graft preparation techniques and the subsequent fate of vein grafts. Vein grafts intentionally injured by warm saline storage demonstrated endothelial and smooth muscle cell damage. In the acute postimplantation period, platelet adhesion/activation and white cell infiltration were present. By 7 days the endothelium had “healed,” but the underlying smooth muscle cells had modulated and were of the synthetic phenotype. This persisted at 30 days, but by 60 days the graft wall remodeled with smooth muscle cells that were of the contractile phenotype, with an organized extracellular matrix. None of these injurious responses were noted in optimally prepared papaverine-treated vein grafts. Optimal preparation of vein grafts is effective in minimizing endothelial and smooth muscle cell injury before and after arterial reconstruction. Prevention of vein graft injury during harvesting prevents the morphologic changes characteristic of the “arterialization response.” (J T horac C ardiovasc S urg 1992;103:671-7)
Growth patterns among indigenous Qom children of the Argentine Gran Chaco

OBJECTIVES This study describes and compares the growth strategies of rural (Western) and peri-urban (Eastern) Qom indigenous children from Argentina. METHODS Height and weight were cross-sectionally assessed in Western (n = 263) and Eastern Qom (n = 512) individuals aged 0-18.9 years. Height-for-age (HAZ), weight-for-age (WAZ), and BMI-for-age (BMIZ) z-scores were calculated with an LMS software. Results were organized into four age categories: infancy, childhood, juvenility, and adolescence. Between-group comparisons of HAZ, WAZ, and BMIZ were carried out by age and sex categories and compared with Student's t or Mann Whitney tests. Nutritional status was classified based on BMIZ following WHO recommendations and was compared with tests. RESULTS In both groups, height and weight followed the typical human growth curve. Mean HAZ scores in both groups were within two standard deviations from the international reference, and increased from infancy to juvenility. WAZ and BMIZ scores were high during infancy and showed a general declining trend with age. Overall, Western Qom had higher HAZ scores. WAZ and BMIZ score comparisons showed only a handful of statistically significant differences, which, along with the analysis of BMI categories, indicated an association between peri-urban environments and a higher prevalence of overweight and obese individuals (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Among the Qom, low HAZ and high WAZ scores during the early years of development allow for the attainment of a relatively high adult stature. Their adaptive life-history strategy seems to be to divert energy toward body mass during early development, and catch-up with linear growth at a later stage of development. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.