cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Efficient Determination of Copper Electroplating Chemistry Additives

Determination of copper electroplating additives is critical to ensuring consistent copper plating of conductors and through-silicon-vias used in semiconductor processing and electronics packaging. The present analysis methods require many chemical analysis steps, generate waste, and are not very accurate. A new set of analysis methods utilizes a reduced number of steps and along with the use artificial neural networks (NNs) overcomes the present limitations, and provides an accurate and ecologically green analysis procedure. Using a newly developed second-order NN algorithm called neuron-by-neuron analysis, accuracies less than 1% have been realized. A step-by-step procedure to implement this method is provided.
Small Dose Anti‐Rh Therapy After First Trimester Abortion

The standard prophylactic dose of anti-Rh immunoglobulin used in the United States is 300 microgram. For use after spontaneous or induced abortion and diagnostic amniocentesis, this dose represents immunological "overkill". A 50 microgram dose has been effectively used for these patients in other countries but the specific products used were not equivalent to the products available in the USA. No evaluation of this 50 microgram dose has been conducted in the USA. This is a pilot study of 315 patients given a 50 microgram dose or a 300 microgram dose of anti-Rh immunoglobulin after first trimester abortion. No patient in either treatment group developed atypical blood group antibodies within 6 months. This finding confirms that 50 microgram of the American product is protective after first trimester abortion.
Escape protein supplementation of steers fed grass silage-based diets.

Beef steers (Trials 1 and 2, 280 ± 2 kg; Trial 3, 330 ± 2 kg) were fed diets of 67.5% wheat (Trial 1) or oat silage (Trials 2 and 3), 20.5% barley, and 12% supplement in randomized complete block design growth trials. Dietary treatments were graded levels of supplemental escape protein (EP) from corn gluten meal (Trial 1, 0 to 213 g/d escape protein) or animal by-products (1:1:1 DM mixture of blood, feather, and meat and bone meals, 0 to 223 or 0 to 317 g/d of escape protein in Trials 2 and 3, respectively) to titrate amounts needed to maximize steer live weight gain. As supplemental EP from corn gluten meal increased, steer live weight gain increased linearly ( P <.001) and feed-to-gain decreased linearly ( P <.001). Supplementation with 135 g/d of corn gluten meal EP (335 g/d of corn gluten meal) increased average daily gain from.76 to.91 kg/d. As supplemental EP from animal by-products increased, steer live weight gain increased quadratically (P <.05) and feed-to-gain decreased linearly (P <.01). Supplementation with 223 or 317 g/d of animal by-product EP increased live weight gain by.27 kg/d. Supplemental escape protein was needed to increase live weight gain of steers consuming ensiled forage diets due to low EP contents of silages (7, 3, and 23% of CP in Trials 1, 2, and 3, respectively) and barley (15, 27, and 22% of CP in Trials 1, 2, and 3, respectively) and limited microbial protein synthesis.
Understanding the response of pulsed electric field on osteoblast functions in three-dimensional mesh structures:

The endogenous electric field plays a determining role in impacting biological functions including communication with the physiological system, brain, and bone regeneration by influencing cellular functions. From this perspective, the objective of the study described here is to elucidate the effect of external electric field under dynamic conditions, in providing a guiding cue to osteoblasts in terms of cell–cell interactions and synthesis of prominent adhesion and cytoskeleton proteins. This was accomplished using pulsed direct current electric field of strength 0.1–1 V/cm. The electric field provided guided cue to the cells to migrate toward cathode. Membrane blebbing or necrosis was nearly absent in the vicinity of cathode at 0.1 and 0.5 V/cm electric field strength. Moreover, a higher cell proliferation as well as higher expression of vinculin and densely packed actin stress fibers was observed. At anode, the cells though healthy but expression of actin and vinculin was less. We underscore for the fir...
Wavelength-specific forward scattering of light by Bragg-reflective iridocytes in giant clams.

A surprising recent discovery revealed that the brightly reflective cells (‘iridocytes’) in the epithelia of giant clams actually send the majority of incident photons ‘forward’ into the tissue. Wh...
Orthopedic Imaging: A Practical Approach. 4th Ed.

Technological advances in the field of medical imaging have been dramatic over the last half-decade. As such, the title of the latest edition of this classic book has been appropriately modified from Orthopedic Radiology to Orthopedic Imaging, because the subject matter goes far beyond conventional radiography. Dr Greenspan has once again skillfully organized this text into a single volume, making it a convenient yet comprehensive resource. The initial section serves as a general introduction to orthopedic imaging, discussing the role of the orthopedic radiologist, covering the various imaging techniques currently available, and reviewing the biology of bone formation and growth. These 46 pages establish a firm foundation for the ensuing 30 chapters addressing specific musculoskeletal conditions. The second section of the book is devoted to traumatic conditions of the musculoskeletal system, and its format is particularly suited for the orthopedist-in-training. Most of the radiographs are supplemented by diagrams, which help to clarify the various fracture patterns presented. Illustrations depicting proper positioning of the patient, beam, and cartridge are vital to understanding “adequate views.” Sections on arthritides, tumors, infections, and metabolic and congenital/developmental disorders combine reproductions of the images with explanatory line drawings, making subtle findings apparent even to the untrained eye. In addition to the more than 1,700 superb illustrations, charts and algorithms supplement the text. Each chapter concludes with a section of bulleted “Practical Points to Remember.” As a result of this style, the abundance of information flows as an easy read. The foreword for this text states that it is particularly geared toward residents in orthopedics and radiology. Physiatrists, rheumatologists, emergency physicians, and all practitioners that commonly encounter musculoskeletal disorders should, however, have access to this informative resource.
Energy, environment and economy: complementaries and conflicts in the search for sustainable growth

The world's energy demand seems set to grow to very large levels, owing to the rapidly growing weight of developing economies in the world energy markets. In light of the economic importance of meeting these energy demands, it is scenarios of low energy demands that we find economically and environmentally unsustainable; inordinately high levels of conservation, that is to say levels of conservation achieved by demand restrictions and other methods inconsistent with the economic principles of managing energy demand and supply, would inflict much economic and social hardship - and environmental damage - on developing countries. How then is pollution to be reduced? The best prospects lie in the adoption of low polluting technologies - the 'cleaner' of the fossil fuel technologies and, over the long run, renewable energy. There has been much progress on this front. The paper discusses policies which would encourage further technical progress.
Biomechanical Evaluation of Unilateral Versus Bilateral C1 Lateral Mass-C2 Intralaminar Fixation.

Study Design:Biomechanical, cadaveric study.Objectives:To compare the relative stiffness of unilateral C1 lateral mass-C2 intralaminar fixation to intact specimens and bilateral C1 lateral mass-C2 ...
Should we offer ventral rectopexy to patients with recurrent external rectal prolapse

For patients with rectal prolapse undergoing Ventral Rectopexy (VR), the impact of prior prolapse surgery on prolapse recurrence is not well described. The purpose of this study was to compare recurrence rates after VR in patients undergoing primary and repeat rectal prolapse repairs. This study is a prospective cohort study. IRB-approved prospective data registry of consecutive patients undergoing VR for full-thickness external rectal prolapse between 2009 and 2015. Rectal prolapse recurrence was defined as either external prolapse through the anal sphincters or symptomatic rectal mucosa prolapse warranting additional surgery. Preoperative and postoperative morbidity and functional outcomes were analyzed. Actuarial recurrence rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. A total of 108 VRs were performed during the study period. Seventy-two were primary and 36 repeat repairs. Seven cases were open, 23 laparoscopic, and 78 robotic. Six cases were converted from laparoscopic/robotic to open. In 63 patients, VR was combined with gynecological procedures. There were no statistical differences between primary or recurrent prolapse for the following: demographics, operative time, concomitant gynecologic procedures, complications, blood loss, and graft material type. Length of stay was longer in patients with a history of prior prolapse surgery (p = 0.01). Prolapse recurrence rates for primary repairs were reported at 1.4, 6.9, and 9.7% and for recurrent prolapse procedures 13.9, 25, and 25% at 1, 3, and 5 years (p = 0.13). Mean length of follow-up was similar between groups. Time to recurrence was significantly shorter in patients undergoing repeat prolapse surgery 8.8 vs 30.7 months (p = 0.03). VR is a better option for patients undergoing primary rectal prolapse repair.
Retrieving Repressed or Forgotten Material

What is commonly referred to as “forgetting” seems to be due mainly to older memories becoming unavailable as new material blocks their recall (Miller, Galanter, & Pribram, 1960). That is, difficulty in remembering is primarily the result of difficulty in retrieval rather than to simply “having a poor memory,” or the decay of memory traces over time. The ability of some people to recall more details of a previous event in response to the suggestion that they are actually reexperiencing that event is probably because such suggestions encourage subjects to portray the scene more vividly in their imagination (Barber, 1975). Thus, more stimulus elements are present in consciousness, and more associations to these elements are available for recall.
Formal aza-Michael additions to tropone: Addition of diverse aryl- and alkylamines to tricarbonyl(tropone)iron and [(C7H7O)Fe(CO)3]BF4

Abstract A formal aza-Michael addition to tropone by way of tricarbonyl(tropone)iron and/or the tetrafluoroborate salt formed via protonation of the complex is reported. Tricarbonyl(tropone)iron smoothly undergoes the direct aza-Michael reaction with unhindered aliphatic amines under solvent free conditions in good yields. Meanwhile, the known cationic complex [(C7H7O)Fe(CO)3]BF4 (whose reaction with a small number of nucleophiles was previously reported) undergoes addition with an even broader array of amine nucleophiles. Finally, it was discovered that protecting the aza-Michael adduct as a carbamate was necessary for oxidative demetallation of the complex.
Violence and Force

Pacifism in its most coherent form rejects the violence of war and violence in all its manifestations. Nonviolence tautologically rejects violence, but this is not to say that it rejects all uses of force. However, if the nonviolence of pacifism allows force, the question of the difference between violence and force arises. This crucial question will be addressed in this chapter. Both Jesus, the Christian paradigm of nonviolence, and Gautama Buddha, the Buddhist paradigm of nonviolence, were active. The issue is whether the activity of pacifism allows force and the character of the force it might allow. Allowable force, it is argued, is importantly intentional and is compatible with love and compassion, which it cannot exclude. In an elaboration of this analysis the actions of Jesus in driving the money-changers from the temple, as described in the New Testament, will be brought forward, along with the controversy that attends that description.
Quantum sensing in the wild: taking atomic physics out of the lab (Conference Presentation)

Accurate measurement of time and position has been based on the interrogation of atoms, leading to exquisite lab-based systems with increasingly better performance. Practical measurements in portable systems have been less successful. We will discuss progress towards tactical atomic physics that will have a revolutionary impact for many military and commercial applications.
Unraveling the effect of electron-electron interaction on electronic transport in La-doped SrSnO3 films

We demonstrate that the electron-electron interaction effect is primarily responsible for an increase in the Hall coefficient in the La-doped SrSnO3 films below 50 K accompanied by an increase in the sheet resistance. The quantitative analysis of the magnetoresistance data yielded a large phase coherence length of electrons exceeding 450 nm at 1.8 K and revealed the electron-electron interaction being accountable for the breaking of electron phase coherency in La-doped SrSnO3 films. These results while providing critical insights into the fundamental transport behavior in doped stannates also indicate the potential applications of stannates in quantum coherent electronic devices owing to their large phase coherence length.
Dry bean response to preemergence flumioxazin

Field studies were conducted from 2009 through 2011 at the Sustainable Agriculture Research and Extension Center near Lingle, Wyoming, to evaluate great northern bean response to PRE flumioxazin mixed with either trifluralin, pendimethalin, or ethalfluralin. Seven treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block with three or four replicates y–1. The soil texture of the study site was loam in 2009 and 2011, and sandy loam in 2010. Soil organic matter ranged from 1.4% to 1.8%. Treatments included flumioxazin plus trifluralin, flumioxazin plus pendimethalin, flumioxazin plus ethalfluralin, ethalfluralin plus EPTC, imazamox plus bentazon (POST), hand-weeded control, and nontreated control. Dry bean density 4 wk after planting differed among herbicide treatments (P < 0.001). Treatments that included flumioxazin reduced dry bean density 54% compared with treatments without flumioxazin. Dry bean yield was influenced by dry bean density; on average, yield in flumioxazin-containing herbicide treatments was 30% less than treatments not containing flumioxazin, even though weed control was generally greater in flumioxazin treatments.Nomenclature: bentazon; EPTC; ethalfluralin; flumioxazin; imazamox; pendimethalin; trifluralin; dry bean; Phaseolus vulgaris L.
Acute reversible cerebral vasoconstrictive syndrome after treatment with Ketamine and Dihydroergotamine (P3.9-042)

Objective: To describe a case of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS)/posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) in a patient with chronic migraine while being treated with ketamine infusion and dihydroergotamine (DHE). Background: DHE and ketamine are both known to be safe and effective abortive treatments for migraine pain. While DHE exhibits strong vasoconstrictive effect, ketamine increases sympathetic activity by inhibiting the neuronal reuptake of catecholamines. It is possible that ketamine and DHE together elicit a synergistic effect increasing the possibility of vasospasm causing RCVS/PRES. Design/Methods: Case report. Results: We present a 63 year-old woman with a history of remote, small, cortical non-traumatic, non-aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, chronic migraine and medication overuse headache who used amitriptyline, duloxetine, and erenumab as migraine preventives along with oral morphine and ketamine nasal spray as home migraine abortives. In previous migraine inpatient treatments she received lidocaine infusion, intravenous DHE, neuroleptics, valproate, and steroid with no adverse effect. During this third admission, she received five days of subanesthetic ketamine infusion (up to 45 mg/hr) with adjunctive intravenous DHE, promethazine, methylpredinisone, and valproate. Following her 4th dose of intravenous DHE (0.25mg) and first dose of valproate (500mg), she developed acute bilateral decreased visual acuity, optic ataxia, and unsteady gait. BP was 130/70mmHg. Brain MRI showed confluent bilateral T2 hyperintensities with punctate restricted diffusion in the occipital lobes consistent with PRES. Brain MRA showed multi-segmental narrowing involving anterior, middle, posterior cerebral, and basilar arteries consistent with RCVS. Verapamil was given and all ergots, neuroleptics, and serotonergic agents were stopped. Though she continued to have constant, non-thunderclap migrainous headache, her visual symptoms otherwise resolved in 24 hours and her exam returned to normal. Conclusions: Concomitant use of ketamine infusion and DHE may result in RCVS/PRES especially in the setting of polypharmacy with medications that cause enzyme inhibition and protein binding displacement. Disclosure: Dr. Yuan has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Supernus. Dr. Nahas has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Eli Lilly, Amgen, electroCore, Allergan, Supernus, and Teva. Dr. Berk has nothing to disclose.
Effect of improved perianal nursing on the postoperative children with Hirschsprung diseases

Objective To study the effect of the improved perianal nursing on postoperative children with Hirschsprung diseases in order to choose the better method of perianal care.Methods Totals of 60 cases of Hirschsprung diseases were randomly divided into experimental group and control group,with 30 cases in each group.The experimental group used improved method for anal care,while control group adopted traditional methods of anal nurse.The perianal skin protection effect,hospitalization time and cost of all cases were observed.Results The total effective rate of experimental group was 93.3％ significantly higher than that 46.7％ of control group ( x2 =15.54,P ＜ 0.01 ),the mean stay and costs of the experimental group were lower than that of the control group [ ( 10.22 ± 4.13 ) d vs ( 15.57 ± 3.26) d,( 1.33 ± 0.12 ) ten thousand Yuan vs ( 1.87 ± 0.24 ) ten thousand Yuan ],and the difference was statistically significant ( t =2.673,2.846,respectively; P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusions The improved perianal nursing can improve the protection of the anal skin,shorten the hospitalization time,reduce hospital costs,promote rehabilitation of postoperative children,effectively improve the quality of perianal care and it is worthy of popularization. Key words: Hirschsprung disease; Children; Perianal nursing
Strategies for Teaching Undergraduate Writing Intensive Courses

Writing-intensive courses have become part of parks and recreation undergraduate curriculum across the United States. Writing is an important skill for future parks and recreation professionals as ...
Pilares da Educação Lassalista como perspectiva para uma educação de qualidade

Resenha de: MENEGAT, Jardelino. O ideario educativo lassalista e os marcos regulatorios de educacao : pilares para uma educacao de qualidade. Tese (Doutorado em Educacao). Canoas: Universidade La Salle, 2016.
ZZEF1 is a Histone Reader and Transcriptional Coregulator of Krüppel-Like Factors

The ZZ-type zinc finger and EF-hand domain protein 1 (ZZEF1) is a multidomain-containing protein. Mutations of ZZEF1 has been implicated in several kinds of human diseases such as diabetes and cancers. However, the function of the ZZEF protein remains largely unknown. Here we show that ZZEF1 functions as a histone H3 reader. The second ZZ domain of ZZEF1 (ZZEF1ZZ2) binds to the N-terminus of histone H3 and is capable of accommodating common epigenetic marks on the H3 tail. The N-terminal amino acids, especially Ala1, of H3 and an acidic cavity of ZZEF1ZZ2 are critical for the ZZ-H3 interaction. RNA-seq analysis in human lung cancer cell line H1299 reveals that downregulated genes upon ZZEF1 depletion are specifically enriched in genes regulated by Kruppel-like factors. Indeed, ZZEF1 physically interacts with KLF9 and KLF6, and regulates a common set of target genes of these transcription factors. Together, our findings suggest a model in which ZZEF1 binds to histone H3 tail and promotes KLF9/6-mediated gene regulation.
Origins of Non-random Particle Distributions and Implications to Abnormal Grain Growth in an Al-3.5 Wt Pct Cu Alloy

The mechanisms of abnormal grain growth (AGG) in particle-containing systems have long been a mystery. Recently, we reported that a non-random particle distribution can induce a grain size advantage and trigger AGG. However, the processing conditions leading to a non-random particle distribution are far from being understood. Here, we investigate the particle distribution and concomitant grain growth behavior at different annealing temperatures and times in an Al-3.5 wt pct Cu alloy by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). At high temperatures and long times, the particle distribution evolves from random to non-random, with an accompanying transition from normal grain growth (NGG) to AGG. Analytical calculations suggest that a non-random particle distribution is introduced by residual Cu segregation even after homogenization. In short, the corresponding fluctuation of θ-Al2Cu phase distribution is amplified at elevated temperatures via particle dissolution. We quantify the spatial inhomogeneity of particles through the Gini coefficient and link this important parameter to the critical grain size necessary for AGG. The trends are conveyed succinctly in a temperature–time–(structural) transformation (TTT) diagram, which identifies the onset of AGG in an Al-3.5 wt pct Cu alloy.
Effect of Formula Type and Preparation on International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative Thickness Level and Milk Flow Rates From Bottle Teats

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of infant formula type and preparation (i.e., ready-to-feed vs. powder) on International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative (IDDSI) thickness level and milk flow rates from bottle teats/nipples. Method The ready-to-feed and powder formulations of the following products were tested for IDDSI thickness level, using IDDSI guidelines, and for milk flow rate, using established flow testing methods: Similac Advance, Similac For Spit-Up, Enfamil Infant, and Enfamil A.R. Analysis of variance was used to compare flow rates among formula types/preparations. Results Enfamil A.R. ready-to-feed was classified as IDDSI "slightly thick." All other formula types/preparations were found to be IDDSI "thin" liquids. The standard infant formulas (Similac Advance and Enfamil Infant) had comparable flow rates to each other, regardless of preparation (ready-to-feed and powder). The gastroesophageal reflux-specific formulas (Similac For Spit-Up and Enfamil A.R.) had slower flow rates than the standard formulas; within this category, there were significant differences in flow rates between ready-to-feed and powder. Enfamil A.R. powder had the slowest flow rate, but was the most variable. Conclusion For infants with difficulty coordinating sucking, swallowing, and breathing, clinicians and parents should consider the impact that changes to infant formula type and preparation may have on the infant's ability to safely feed.
Case-Based Curriculum for Pediatric Residents in Diabetes Fundamentals

Introduction Pediatricians are at the front line to diagnose new-onset diabetes and treat acute diabetes complications in children. Pediatric residents need a strong foundation in recognizing and m...
Converting U.S. Science and Technology Resources to Civilian Use: Industrial Exigencies and Political Implementation

Nothing new is being said today when academic and government work points to the inability of many American industries to compete effectively with rival nations, most notably Japan.1 Similarly, nothing new is being said when we hear that U.S. living standards are not markedly improving. However, it is disturbing, though not exactly new, that the most recent data show that in 1990, for the first time since 1982, the U.S. experienced a real decline in its standard of living.2
3-NS Flash X-Radiography

In intense particle beam interaction with targets, flash x-radiography (FXR) has become the standard technique used to observe the target dynamic response to particle irradiation. Most of the development was motivated by the particle-beam inertialconfinement fusion program [1,2]. In the inertial confinement approach to controlled thermonuclear fusion, ignition is to be achieved via heating, compression, and confinement of the fuel by an imploding shell. Since the confinement time improves with increasing pusher ρR, target design calculations [1] achieving gains >1 require a ρR> 1g/cm2 , where p and R are the mass density and shell thickness of the pusher, respectively. For such targets the pusher, during its acceleration by the driver and during subsequent deceleration by the compressed fuel, can be unstable, which can lead to reduced compression, fuel heating, and confinement time. An experimental study of this problem is very difficult because of the pusher thickness and requires the FXR technique to observe the hydrodynamic behavior of the critical regions of interest: the interfaces between the target ablator and the pusher, and between the pusher and the fuel.
Cytoplasmic RNA in immunoglobulin-secreting myeloma tumor cells: II. Heterogeneous RNA associated with polyribosomes following fractionation by sucrose gradient centrifugation

Abstract Polyribosomes isolated from cytoplasmic fractions of cultured mouse myeloma cells (Strain MOPC 21) were found to be contaminated with material containing RNA highly labeled during pulse experiments. Most of this RNA is larger than 18-S RNA and the largest molecules turn over with a half life of about 1 h. Dissociation of polyribosomes with EDTA or puromycin releases mRNA which is apparently uncontaminated with other heterogeneous RNA.
Synthesis of anthocyanidins—II : The synthesis of 3-deoxyanthocyanidins from 5-hydroxy-flavanones

Abstract The 3-deoxyanthocyanidins apigeninidin chloride ( 1 ) and 4'-O-methylluteolinidin chloride ( 3 ) have been synthesized from the flavanones naringenin ( 4 ) and hesperetin ( 6 ), respectively. The overall process calls for: (a) borohydride reduction of the flavanone-5-acetate to the corresponding flavan; (b) benzoquinone oxidation of the flavan to the flavylium salt.
Aggressive Hook Ups: Modeling Aggressive Casual Sex on BDSM for Moral Permissibility

Aggressive techniques within casual sex encounters, such as taking sexual liberties without permission or ignoring rejection, can, perhaps unintentionally, complicate consent. Passive recipients may acquiesce out of fear, which aggressors may not realize. Some philosophers argue that social norms are sufficiently well known to make this misunderstanding unlikely. However, the chance of aggression leading to non-consensual sex, even if not great, is high enough that aggressors should work diligently to avoid this potentially grave result. I consider how this problem plays out in the common mating ritual of hooking up. I argue that aggressive hook ups can only be permissible if they are modeled on BDSM encounters: the participants must obtain prior consent and prepare safe words for voiding that consent during the hook up. While this solution removes the spontaneity of aggressive sex, I argue that spontaneously aggressive hook ups with strangers cannot be permissible.
Correlation Between Penile Angiography and Duplex Scanning of Cavernous Arteries in Impotent Men

AbstractDuring the diagnostic evaluation of patients with vasculogenic impotence duplex scanning has been proposed as a reliable noninvasive method to evaluate the cavernous arteries. However, the sensitivity and specificity of this test have never been elucidated. To provide insight into the clinical value of this test 25 men who presented with impotence and failed to respond to 60mg. intracavernous papaverine were evaluated with duplex scanning and the results of this modality were compared to penile angiography. The cavernous arteries were considered normal by duplex scanning if the artery demonstrated either a 60% or greater increase in diameter and/or a peak flow velocity of greater than 25cm. per second 5minutes after papaverine injection. Penile angiography was considered normal if both cavernous arteries were visualized and appeared to be normal radiographically (after intracorporeal papaverine). In the 25 patients studied there was no significant difference in peak flow velocity between patients ...
The More Things Change, the More They Stay the Same: Gender, Culture, and College Students' Views about Work and Family

A culturally/ethnically diverse sample of 955 students (M = 20.2 years old) at a large U.S. university completed online surveys about their parents’ division of labor, trajectories of their mothers’ employment, gender role ideology, and beliefs about the costs and benefits of maternal employment for children. Differences in these work–care domains were examined by student gender, culture/ethnicity, acculturation status, and own employment. Generational differences in beliefs about maternal employment also were examined. Propensity score matching reduced selection bias. Asian American students, especially male students and those less acculturated, were more likely to endorse gender role segregation and maternal nonemployment when children are young. Their mothers’ employment and own employment status were associated with more positive views about maternal employment. However, students’ work–care beliefs have held fairly constant since the 1980s. The views of young adults about career and care may impinge on their success in attaining work–family goals. The more things change, the more they stay the same: Gender, culture, and college students’ views about work and family
Expression of T-cell receptor alpha-chain genes in transgenic mice.

Abstract To examine the influences responsible for shaping the T-cell repertoire in vivo, we have introduced T-cell receptors of defined specificity into mice. In this report, we analyze transgenic mice carrying a T-cell receptor alpha-chain gene from a pigeon cytochrome c-reactive T-cell line. A variant of this construct, which has the immunoglobulin heavy-chain enhancer inserted into the JC intron, was also introduced into mice. Addition of the enhancer increased the steady-state level of transgene-encoded mRNA three- to fivefold in cultured T cells, leading to a two- to threefold increase in surface expression. In vivo, the difference between these two constructs was even more significant, increasing the number of transgene-positive cells from approximately 5 to 70% and the T-cell receptor surface density two- to threefold. Surprisingly, while surface expression of either type of transgene was limited to T cells, we found little tissue specificity with respect to transcription. In T cells expressing the alpha chain from the enhancer-containing construct, immunoprecipitation with a 2B4 alpha-specific monoclonal antibody revealed the expected disulfide-linked dimer. Costaining of these T cells with the 2B4 alpha-specific monoclonal antibody versus anti-CD3 indicated that expression of the transgene-encoded alpha chain precludes expression of endogenous alpha chains on the majority of cells; in contrast, 2B4 alpha-chain expression from the construct lacking the enhancer is inefficient at suppressing endogenous alpha-chain expression. In mice of the enhancer lineage, Southern blot analysis indicated suppression of endogenous alpha-chain rearrangements in T-cell populations, consistent with the observed allelic exclusion at the cellular level. Interestingly, newborn, but not adult, mice of this lineage also showed an increase in retention of unrearranged delta-chain loci in thymocyte DNA, presumably resulting from the suppression of alpha-chain rearrangements. This observation indicates that at least a fraction of alpha:beta-positive T cells have never attempted to produce functional delta rearrangements, thus suggesting that alpha:beta and gamma:delta T cells may be derived from different T-cell compartments (at least during the early phases of T-cell differentiation).
Economics Trumps Politics; Market Trumps Democracy: the US Supreme Court's decision on campaign financing

In the appeal of Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission 2009, the US Supreme Court decided on 29 January in a vote of 5 : 4 to overturn the existing Bipartisan Campaign Reform (McCainFeingold) Act of 2002 (BCRA). The BCRA is a federal law that prohibits corporations and unions from using their general treasury funds to make independent expenditures for speech that is an ‘electioneering communication’ or for speech that expressly advocates the election or defeat of a candidate. Citizens United (CU), a non-profit corporation, released a documentary that was critical of then Senator Hilary Clinton, a candidate for her party’s presidential nomination. Assuming that the documentary would run on cable television 30 days before the election, CU produced advertisements. Paragraph 441b of the BCRA defines an ‘electioneering communication’ as ‘any broadcast, cable, or satellite communication’ that ‘refers to a clearly identified candidate for Federal office’ and is made within 30 days of a primary election. CU, the appellant in the dispute, argued that the documentary was unconstitutional in terms of Paragraph 441b and to the reporting and disclosure requirements of the BCRA. CU sought an injunction on the grounds that the documentary was not an ‘electioneering communication’ because it was not publicly distributed. Perhaps, more importantly, CU held that the case could not be resolved on narrower grounds without chilling political speech, which runs counter to the First Amendment. The Court had to consider the continuing effect of the speech suppression upheld in Austin v. Michigan Chamber of Commerce. This was the case in which the Supreme Court held that the Michigan Campaign Finance Act, which prohibited corporations from using treasury money to support or oppose candidates in elections, did not violate the First and Fourteenth Amendments. The Court upheld the restriction on corporate speech based on the notion that ‘[c]orporate wealth can unfairly influence elections’, and the Michigan law still allowed the corporation to make contributions from a segregated fund. The result of the Court’s decision was to overrule Austin. Chief Justice Roberts, with whom Justice Alito agreed, wrote: The Government urges us in this case to uphold a direct prohibition on political speech. It asks us to embrace a theory of the First Amendment that would allow censorship not only of television and radio broadcasts, but of pamphlets, posters, the Internet, and virtually any other medium that corporations and unions might find useful in expressing their views on matters of public concern. Its theory, if accepted, would empower the Government to prohibit newspapers from running editorials or opinion pieces supporting or opposing candidates for office, so long as the newspapers were owned by corporations – as the major
Genetic approaches to disease and regeneration

Cardiovascular disease is largely a consequence of coronary artery blockage through excessive proliferation of smooth muscle cells. It in turn leads to myocardial infarction and permanent and functionally devastating tissue damage to the heart wall. Our studies have revealed that elastin is a primary player in maintaining vascular smooth muscle cells in their dormant state and thus may be a useful therapeutic in vascular disease. By studying zebrafish, which unlike humans, can repair damage to heart muscle, we have begun to uncover some of the genes that seem necessary to undertake the de-differentiation steps that currently fail and prevent the formation of new proliferating cardiomyocytes at the site of damage in a mammalian heart.
Solution NMR Structure of the Barrier-to-Autointegration Factor-Emerin Complex

The barrier-to-autointegration factor BAF binds to the LEM domain (Em(LEM)) of the nuclear envelope protein emerin and plays an essential role in the nuclear architecture of metazoan cells. In addition, the BAF(2) dimer bridges and compacts double-stranded DNA nonspecifically via two symmetry-related DNA binding sites. In this article we present biophysical and structural studies on a complex of BAF(2) and Em(LEM). Light scattering, analytical ultracentrifugation, and NMR indicate a stoichiometry of one molecule of Em(LEM) bound per BAF(2) dimer. The equilibrium dissociation constant (K(d)) for the interaction of the BAF(2) dimer and Em(LEM), determined by isothermal titration calorimetry, is 0.59 +/- 0.03 microm. Z-exchange spectroscopy between corresponding cross-peaks of the magnetically non-equivalent subunits of the BAF(2) dimer in the complex yields a dissociation rate constant of 78 +/- 2s(-1). The solution NMR structure of the BAF(2)-Em(LEM) complex reveals that the LEM and DNA binding sites on BAF(2) are non-overlapping and that both subunits of the BAF(2) dimer contribute approximately equally to the Em(LEM) binding site. The relevance of the implications of the structural and biophysical data on the complex in the context of the interaction between the BAF(2) dimer and Em(LEM) at the nuclear envelope is discussed.
Ion exchange and charge transport properties of polymeric tris(4-vinyl-4′-methyl-2,2′-bipyridine) ruthenium(II) films

Multiply charged electroactive anions [IrCl 6 2− , Fe(CN) 6 3− , and W(CN) 8 4− ] are electrostatically incorporated in polymeric films of tris(4-vinyl-4′-methyl-2,2′-bipyridine) ruthenium(II) [poly-Ru(vbpy) 3 2+ ] from aqueous trifluoroacetate solution. Values of apparent diffusion coefficients (D ct) and heterogenous electron transfer rates (k et) are measured for these anions as a function of their relative concentration (Γ M/Γ Ru) in the film.D ct andk et decrease systematically asΓ M/Γ Ru increases in a manner that is independent of charge and chemical identity of the ion. This result suggests that a nonchemical process, presumably electrostatic cross-linking, limits diffusional motion and is responsible for the decrease inD ct andk et with increasing anion content. Protonated polyvinyl-pyridine films exhibit similar ranges and variations inD ct andk et, which suggest similar structures and mechanisms of charge transport for these films and poly-Ru(vbpy) 3 2+ .
Time-Resolved Absorption Changes of the Pheophytin Qx Band in Isolated Photosystem II Reaction Centers at 7 K: Energy Transfer and Charge Separation

The pheophytin a Qx spectral region of the isolated photosystem II reaction center was investigated at 7 K using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. At this temperature, uphill energy transfer, which greatly complicates the interpretation of the kinetics at or near room temperature, should be essentially shut off. Low-energy (∼100 nJ) pulses at 661 and 683 nm were used to excite the short-wavelength and long-wavelength sides of the composite Qy band, providing preferential excitation of the accessory pigment pool and P680, respectively. The data analysis uses a background subtraction technique developed earlier (Greenfield et al. J. Phys. Chem. B 1997, 101, 2251−2255) to remove the kinetic components of the data that are due to the large time-dependent changes in the background that are present in this spectral region. The instantaneous amplitude of the bleach of the pheophytin a Qx band with 683 nm excitation is roughly two-thirds of its final amplitude, providing strong evidence of a multimer...
IMMUNOLOGICAL RECONSTITUTION OF SEX-LINKED LYMPHOPENIC IMMUNOLOGICAL DEFICIENCY

Abstract Treatment of a 5-month-old male with sex-linked lymphopenic immunological deficiency utilising immunologically competent cells from peripheral blood buffy coat and bone-marrow of a sibling donor resulted in reconstitution of both cellular and humoral immunity. Fatal graft-versus-host disease was circumvented by using donor cells which were histo compatible with the patient's cells with respect to the HL-A locus, as determined by both mixed lymphocyte cultures and lymphocytotoxic assay. A mild graft-versus-host reaction appeared at 8 days post-implantation but resolved spontaneously. Biopsies of rectal mucosa and skin indicate a continuing round-cell infiltration of host tissue 2 months post-implantation; the patient, however, remains clinically well.
Hunting Elusive Metaphors Using Lexical Resources.

In this paper we propose algorithms to automatically classify sentences into metaphoric or normal usages. Our algorithms only need the WordNet and bigram counts, and does not require training. We present empirical results on a test set derived from the Master Metaphor List. We also discuss issues that make classification of metaphors a tough problem in general.
Changes in behavioral problems and prosocial functioning in child treatment

Decreasing emotional and behavioral problems and increasing prosocial functioning are two ares of interest in child treatment. The present study examined the extent to which changes in deviant behavior were associated with changes in prosocial functioning. Three separate samples of children (N = 393, ages 6–13) referred to inpatient or outpatient services were evaluated by parents and teachers on three separate assessment occasions spanning 1–2 years. The major findings indicated that behavioral problems and prosocial functioning and changes in behavioral problems and prosocial functioning over time showed low to moderate negative correlations for parent and teacher evaluations. These relations were consistent across separate time periods, samples of children, and parent and teacher ratings. The magnitude of the correlations between behavioral problems and prosocial functioning indicated that these domains are related but represent relatively independent spheres of child functioning. The importance of assessing both domains of functioning in evaluating children and treatment outcome is discussed.
Phagocytosis of erythrocytes by Acanthamoeba sp.

Phagocytic recognition by the unicellular soil organism Acanthamoeba sp. (Neff strain) was examined with fresh or modified erythrocytes. Several parameters were studied of the interaction of glutaraldehyde-treated red cells with amoebae attached to glass. Attachment and ingestion steps of particle uptake were found to have differing temperature dependence. Particle-phagocyte interaction required the addition of Na+ or Ca2+ and was inhibited by high osmolarity or ionic strength. These features are similar to those previously described for mammalian macrophages. A quantitative spectrophotometric technique was adapted to the measurement of erythrocyte uptake after lysis of noningested red cells. Rates of uptake of six species of red cells spanned a 100-fold range. While untreated sheep red cells were taken up at very low rates, ingestion of red cells treated with aldehyde, tannic acid, polylysine, carbodiimide, ferrous sulfate or salt-free sucrose was appreciably increased. Some but not all of these modified red cells were previously found to interact with macrophages and insect hemocytes. Thus Acanthamoeba displays phagocytic recognition of untreated and modified erythrocytes. The results also indicate that the particle vocabulary ingested by the amoebae overlaps in part with that of certain metazoan phagocytes.
Investigations for a Josephson computer main memory with single-flux-quantum cells

The paper first summarizes requirements for a main memory with Josephson junctions and reviews the work carried out on an experimental main memory model containing an array of single-flux-quantum cells, line drivers, and address decoders with a total of nearly 4500 Josephson junctions. In the second part, theoretical and experimental investigations on the y drive system, including sense circuit, are presented. The investigations deal with both the read and write phases. Finally, the on-chip logic circuits and the address decoders are discussed, and the experimental results presented. Drivers and decoders based on the principle of current steering in superconducting loops are intended to be used on a fully populated main-memory chip.
Modulation of vasopressin-sensitive cyclic AMP levels by calcium in papillary collecting tubules.

The present study was designed to examine the extent to which calcium modulates vasopressin (AVP)-stimulated cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation in microdissected rat papillary collecting ducts (PCD), and to identify the mechanism(s) involved. Using a submaximal concentration of vasopressin (1 nM), ionophore A23187-mediated increases in intracellular calcium inhibited AVP-dependent cAMP levels by 69% (P < 0.001) in the absence of the cAMP-phosphodiesterase inhibitor 1-methyl-3-isobutyl xanthine (MIX). The degree of inhibition was significantly reduced (−47%; P < 0.01) in the presence of MIX. Compared to controls (1.2 mM calcium), AVP-sensitive cAMP accumulation was significantly reduced ( − 34%; P < 0.05) when PCD were incubated in a medium containing an increased (5.0 mM) calcium concentration. In the presence of MIX 5.0 mM calcium had no effect on cAMP levels. Conversely, compared to controls, a calcium-free medium increased AVP-dependent cAMP accumulation by 89% (P < 0.01) in the absence of MIX, and similarly by 82% (P < 0.05) in the presence of MIX. These data demonstrate that calcium can modulate AVP-dependent cAMP accumulation in PCD as a result of effects on both adenylate cyclase and cAMP phosphodiesterase activities.
Long‐term survival after chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus

Seven patients with locally far-advanced, inoperable, squamous cell cancer of the esophagus were given two cycles of concurrent radiation and chemotherapy. Each cycle consisted of 5-fluorouracil 1,000 mg/m2/day given as a continuous intravenous infusion over 96 hours, cisplatin 75 mg/m2 given as an intravenous bolus on day 1, and methotrexate 40 mg/m2 given as an intravenous bolus on days 8 and 15. Three thousand rads of radiation were given in 15 fractions between days 1 and 19. Six patients are evaluable for response. Symptomatic relief was obtained by all six and was complete in 4. Five patients achieved a complete response, and two remain alive and disease free. Five of the six evaluable patients survived for at least 12 months. Aggressive chemoradiotherapy may result in significant survival prolongation and symptomatic palliation in this poor-prognosis subset of patients with esophageal cancer.
The Origins of Extraversion: Joint Effects of Facultative Calibration and Genetic Polymorphism

The origins of variation in extraversion are largely mysterious. Recent theories and some findings suggest that personality variation can be orchestrated by specific genetic polymorphisms. Few studies, however, have examined an alternative hypothesis that personality traits are facultatively calibrated to variations in other phenotypic features, and none have considered how these distinct processes may interact in personality determination. Since physical strength and physical attractiveness likely predicted the reproductive payoffs of extraverted behavioral strategies over most of human history, it was theorized that extraversion is calibrated to variation in these characteristics. Confirming these predicted patterns, strength and attractiveness together explained a surprisingly large fraction of variance in extraversion across two studies— effects that were independent of variance explained by an androgen receptor gene polymorphism. These novel findings initially support an integrative model wherein fac...