cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bibliographic coupling and network analysis to assess knowledge coalescence in a research center environment

Science is increasingly organized in large-scale science centers. Expectations are that center-based research should yield qualitatively different research than single-investigator-produced research, but demonstrating the particular effects of a center is challenging. The notion of 'centerness' is that science centers can yield findings that reflect conceptual collisions across disciplinary or geographic boundaries between a center's scientific members. Collaborative research commonly is assessed using co-authorships of scientific publications. Co-authorship measures can be conveniently and unobtrusively operationalized, yet they can yield indicators (especially for a small center) showing little change in collaboration in a center-context, while richer findings of collaboration are evidenced in observing other aspects of center members' behavior. This article puts forth the use of social network analysis and bibliographic coupling as measures of 'centerness' and presents their characteristics in the context of an National Science Foundation (NSF) science center. Bibliographic coupling is characterized as a measure of centerness over the time period of the establishment of an NSF-funded science center. We also examine changes in bibliographic coupling indicators alongside changes in co-authorship networks and a social network survey of center participants. Bibliographic coupling is shown to make a distinctive contribution to measurement of centerness, demonstrating increasing coupling from the pre-center and since-center periods. This increase in centerness as represented in bibliographic coupling does not dramatically change when self-citations are removed. Overall, results show this to be a useful and consistent measure of centerness and knowledge coalescence within the research center environment. Copyright The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com, Oxford University Press.
Molecular integrals and information processing

We report new applications of computer algebra (CA) to the evaluation of molecular integrals over STOs. Closed formulas were tabulated for all the overlap integrals with principal quantum numbers 1 to 12. These provide unrestricted precision results that are compared with earlier numerical work of other authors. All the auxiliary functions needed to compute two- and three-center integrals have been reduced to closed form. We describe novel features of the software infra-structure that have wider application in theoretical chemistry and computational science. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2003
Post‐transcriptional regulation of gene PA5507 controls Pseudomonas quinolone signal concentration in P. aeruginosa

Pseudomonas aeruginosa can sense and respond to a myriad of environmental signals and utilizes a system of small molecules to communicate through intercellular signaling. The small molecule 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone (Pseudomonas Quinolone Signal [PQS]) is one of these signals and its synthesis is important for virulence. Previously, we identified an RpiR-type transcriptional regulator, QapR, that positively affects PQS production by repressing the qapR operon. An in-frame deletion of this regulator caused P. aeruginosa to produce a greatly reduced concentration of PQS. Here, we report that QapR translation is linked to the downstream gene PA5507. We found that introduction of a premature stop codon within qapR eliminates transcriptional autorepression of the qapR operon as expected but has no effect on PQS concentration. This was investigated with a series of lacZ reporter fusions which showed that translation of QapR must terminate at, or close to, the native qapR stop codon in order for translation of PA5507 to occur. Also, it was shown that truncation of the 5′ end of the qapR transcript permitted PA5507 translation without translation of QapR. Our findings led us to conclude that PA5507 transcription and translation are both tightly controlled by QapR and this control is important for PQS homeostasis.
A COMPARISON OF MINIMALLY INVASIVE OPEN AND LAPAROSCOPIC RADICAL RETROPUBIC PROSTATECTOMY

ABSTRACTPurpose: A cohort of more than 1,000 patients undergoing open minimally invasive radical retropubic prostatectomy (mini-lap RRP, 8.0 cm incision) is compared to published series of laparoscopic radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP).Materials and Methods: A cohort of 209 consecutive patients undergoing mini-lap RRP at Emory University Hospital was evaluated. Characteristics noted were patient age, comorbidity status, preoperative prostate specific antigen, operative time, perioperative complications, blood transfusions, pathological staging, potency and continence. Postoperative analgesia was analyzed in a cohort of 30 consecutive recent patients. These data were compared to published reports of similar perioperative characteristics in laparoscopic RRP series.Results: Differences between the cohorts of patients reviewed were found in age, preoperative prostate specific antigen, operative time and rate of blood transfusion. The series were comparable in comorbidity status, postoperative complicatio...
Effects of spatial and temporal heterogeneity of channel bandwidth on performance of individual messages in heterogeneous communication networks

Channel bandwidth available for a message on a communication network varies with time and link. This variation (heterogeneity) can have a significant effect on performance of an individual message and also that of the network as a whole. Therefore, it is necessary to understand effects of bandwidth heterogeneity on the network performance in order to optimally utilize a heterogeneous communication network. The ability to use such a network optimally is highly desirable in many applications such as network-based data-intensive high performance computing. The main goal of this study, as the first step toward developing effective schemes to utilize heterogeneous communication networks, is to analyze effects of temporal and spatial heterogeneity on performance of individual messages in detail via an extensive simulation, in terms of throughput, end-to-end delay, etc. Also, the problems of path selection and multipath data transfer are considered to illustrate how the analysis results may be used in the future effort of optimizing the network performance by taking channel bandwidth heterogeneity into account.
In Vivo Treatment With Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Results in Divergent Effects on Neutrophil Functions Measured In Vitro

We have studied the effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) administration to normal individuals on a variety of functional and biochemical neutrophil characteristics that relate to host defense. G-CSF adversely affected neutrophil (polymorphonuclear leukocyte [PMN]) chemotaxis. While this could be partially explained by reduced assembly of neutrophil F-actin, we also recognized an elevated cytosolic calcium mobilization and a normal upregulation of neutrophil CD11b. G-CSF resulted in reduced PMN killing of Staphylococcus aureus with a 10:1 (bacteria:neutrophil) ratio and normal killing with a 1:1 ratio. In association with this, we demonstrated divergent effects on the respiratory burst of intact cells and divergent effects on the content of marker proteins for neutrophil granules. While G-CSF may have resulted in increased content of cytochrome b558 in the cell membrane, it did not alter the amounts of cytosolic oxidase components. After therapy, there was normal content of the azurophilic granule marker, myeloperoxidase, decreased content of the specific granule marker, lactoferrin, and normal content of lysozyme (found in both granules classes). Finally, G-CSF therapy markedly reduced the apoptotic rate of the isolated neutrophil. Therefore, considering disparate functional and biochemical activities, the real benefit of G-CSF therapy may lie in enhanced number and survival of neutrophils.
Mesoscale-Convective Processes in the Atmosphere: Observations and Mesoscale Data Analysis

Synopsis: Chapter 3 introduces the different instrumentation for in-situ and remotely sensed observations, for operational/routine uses as well as special field collection. The placement of such instruments in observation networks is justified using sampling theory, and then is illustrated by example networks from past field programs. Finally, the spatial analysis of the data is motivated and described . Introduction This chapter provides an introduction to the data collection and analysis that underlie much of the discussion in subsequent chapters. For example, in Chapter 4 we will describe how observational data are used to provide the initial and boundary conditions for numerical weather prediction and simulation models. The characteristics of phenomena such as thunderstorm gust fronts (Chapters 5–6), supercells (Chapter 7), squall lines (Chapter 8), and mesoscale convective vortices (Chapter 9) are revealed by analysis techniques that extract the scale-relevant information obtained from appropriately configured observing systems.
The Influence of Yeast Hydrolysate on the Behavior of the Melon Fly

This study, which was conducted to determine some effects of yeast hydrolysate on the behavior of the melon fly ( Dacus cucurbitae Coq.) in the field, showed that the number of flies present or found dead was greater when yeast hydrolysate bait was applied to non-host plants favored by the adults than to favored host plants or to plyboard slabs. The application of yeast hydrolysate to non-host plants, fuzzy rattle pod ( Crotolaria incana L.) and corn, did not result in an increase of flies on the treated plants in certain tests, but in others there was an increase. In general, positive responses were found to be associated with high population density. The application of this bait to host plants, cucumber and cantaloupe, did not result in the movement of flies to these crop plants from nearby untreated corn plants.
Phonon Focusing and Phonon Conduction in Elastically Anisotropic Crystals

Heat-pulse measurements have shown striking differences (up to factors of 100) in the intensity of phonons propagating ballistically in an elastically anisotropic crystal.1,2 These results were shown to arise from phonon focusing due to elastic anisotropy.3 Phonon focusing occurs when the direction of the group velocity varies more slowly with wave vector than in an elastically isotropic solid, as for example, along cuspidal edges in the group-velocity surface.4 Subsequent measurements of the thermal conductivity of silicon and calcium fluoride in the boundary-scattering regime demonstrated anisotropies of up to 50% for silicon and 40% for calcium fluoride. The predictions of Casimir’s theory,5 end-corrected for finite thermal length,6 and generalized to allow for phonon focusing gave quantitative agreement with experimental results.7,8 Similar anisotropies in the thermal conductivity have been predicted in sufficiently defect-free superconducting lead and niobium at T/Tc«1.9 Phonon-focusing effects have also been predicted in elastically anisotropic hexagonal,10 tetragonal and orthorhombic crystals.11
Dynamic Status Signal Reflects Outcome of Social Interactions, but Not Energetic Stress

Social defeat induces stress-responses in a wide array of vertebrates and can generate winner-loser effects. Dynamic condition-dependent signaling systems that reflect preparation for subsequent agonistic interactions, and thereby mediate winner-loser effects, should be more sensitive to competitive history than to non-social sources of stress. Bill color of female American goldfinches (Spinus tristus) is a dynamic condition-dependent ornament that functions as a signal of competitive status and mediates intrasexual agonistic social interactions. We tested the “social experience signaling hypothesis” in female goldfinches by (1) manipulating a non-social energetic stressor by experimentally elevating flight costs via wing-clipping in free-ranging birds, and (2) manipulating social experience by staging competitive interactions among captive birds. Bill color change did not differ between wing clipped and non-clipped females, even though stress-response, as measured by the heterophil to lymphocyte (H:L) ratio, increased significantly in clipped females relative to unclipped females. In contrast, winners and losers in the social experience experiment differed significantly in the degree and direction of bill color change following social contests, with bill color increasing in winners and decreasing in losers. These results suggest that dynamic bill color of female American goldfinches signals recent social history, but is less sensitive to some stressors stemming from non-social sources, and thereby suggest that signals can evolve sensitivity to specific types of processes relevant to the context in which they are used.
TU-H-207B-01: Memorial Tribute.

Research and development in radiomics for precision medicine have been advancing at a rapid pace, and can be extended to eventually be mature enough for integration into clinical practice. To facilitate advances in this field, investigators need updated information on research funding, regulatory matters, and clinical translation efforts. In this special radiomics symposium, the attendee will learn of various novel funding mechanisms – both past and present – that have been used to support a number of quantitative imaging and radiomics research and resource infrastructures. In addition, a regulatory presentation will be given to provide the attendee with an understanding of when a radiomics tool might require FDA clearance or approval, and with what supporting performance data. We will end with insights from a clinical radiologist who is greatly involved in quantitative imaging in order to enable the attendee to appreciate the needs and subtleties involved in moving radiomics into the clinical workflow. J. Boone, This is a memorial and not a funded event.
Oral Bone Loss and Systemic Osteopenia

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on two major oral diseases, periodontitis and residual ridge resorption, and reviews current understanding of the etiology, prevalence, and treatment of these diseases. The diagnosis of loss of bone and soft tissue attachment due to periodontitis is accomplished with radiography and periodontal probing. Risk factors in periodontal disease or residual ridge resorption have been determined primarily through epidemiologic or observational research. Such research aids in the identification of high risk patients for progressive bone loss, thereby allowing clinicians to prescribe appropriate preventive care or treatment. Studies indicate that one of the most important risk factors for progressive alveolar bone resorption in periodontitis is the presence of previous destruction. Logistic modeling revealed that the primary risk factors for progressive loss of attachment around the teeth were age and a history of attachment loss. The discussion on pathophysiologic mechanisms in periodontitis implies, treatment of periodontitis could involve either control of the pathogenic plaque bacteria or the destructive host response. Current periodontal treatment is focused primarily on controlling plaque bacteria. Patient's self-administered plaque control and scaling and root planing performed by the dental professional reduces the mass of bacterial plaque. Root planning smoothens the root surface and removes decalcified cementum and bacterial components such as endotoxins. Periodontal surgical procedures provide access to the roots for effective root planing or to the bone for pocket reduction procedures. Regenerative procedures using the principles of guided tissues regeneration or bone grafting materials may be used to aid the restoration of lost periodontal ligament and bone in selected cases.
Horizontal stability of a bouncing ball

We present an investigation of a partially elastic ball bouncing on a vertically vibrated concave parabolic surface in two dimensions. In particular, we demonstrate that simple vertical motion, wherein the ball bounces periodically at the parabola's vertex, is unstable to horizontal perturbations when the parabolic coefficient defining the surface shape exceeds a critical value. The result is a new periodic solution where the ball bounces laterally over the vertex. As the parabola is further steepened, this new solution also becomes unstable which gives rise to other complex periodic and chaotic bouncing states, all characterized by persistent lateral motion.
Exercise Prescription for the Athlete with Cardiomyopathy

Inherited cardiomyopathies have highly variable expression in terms of symptoms, functional limitations, and disease severity. Associated risk of sudden cardiac death is also variable. International guidelines currently recommend restriction of all athletes with cardiomyopathy from participation in competitive sports. While the guidelines are necessarily conservative because predictive risk factors for exercise-triggered SCD have not been clearly identified, the risk is clearly not uniform across all athletes and all sports. The advent of implantable cardioverter defibrillators, automated external defibrillators, and successful implementation of emergency action plans may safely mitigate risk of sudden cardiac death during physical activity. An individualized approach to risk stratification of athletes that recognizes patient autonomy may allow many individuals with cardiomyopathies to safely train and compete.
The Simulated Response of Diurnal Mountain Winds to Regionally Enhanced Warming Caused by the Snow Albedo Feedback

AbstractThe snow albedo feedback (SAF) is an important climate feature of mountain regions with transient snow cover. In these regions, where patterns of snow cover are largely determined by the underlying terrain, the SAF is highly variable in space and time. Under climate warming, these variations may affect the development of diurnal mountain winds either by altering the thermal contrast between high and low elevations or by increasing boundary layer mixing. In this study, high-resolution regional climate modeling experiments are used to investigate and characterize how the SAF modulates changes in diurnal wind systems in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado and Utah during the spring when SAF strength is at a maximum. Two separate 7-yr pseudo–global warming climate change experiments with differing model configurations are examined. An evaluation of the control simulations against a mesoscale network of observations reveals that the models perform reasonably well at simulating diurnal mountain winds within...
Peeling Away Constraints: Horst Rittel's Method of Systematic Doubt and Its Application to Collective Creativity

Over-constrained design problems can be solved through a method of systematic doubt articulated by Horst Rittel in the 1970s. This method peels away constraints by negating phrases in a problem statement. The technique is amenable to parallelization, and thus might be used in collective creativity: crowds or communities could peel off constraints, and generate ideas in the modified design space, in parallel.
Atomic Force Microscopy of Ion-Beam Modified Carbon Fibers

Several commercial PAN and pitch based carbon fibers were modified by a low voltage ion source of nitrogen or oxygen in the range of 400–1000 eV. The fiber reinforced epoxy composites made from the treated fibers were found to have higher interfacial strength than those made from the untreated ones. The improvement of adhesive strengths obtained from the transverse tensile stress measurement reached as high as three to four folds of the original fibers. This result could be explained from increased roughness and enhanced surface functionalities. The scanning electron microscope, which traditionally is used for surface characterization, fails to detect the mild surface alteration caused by the bombardment of the low-energy ion beams. Thus, the atomic force microscope (AFM) with near-atomic resolution might provide us the information needed for the understanding of ion-modified morphology. In the present investigation, the AFM instrument, manufactured by TopoMetrix is used in the characterization of the modified fibers. Preliminary AFM results indicate significant morphology and topography changes on the treated surfaces.
Coexistence analysis of LTE and WLAN systems with heterogenous backoff slot durations

To enable constructive coexistence with wireless local area networks (WLANs), unlicensed long-term evolution (LTE) systems use listen before talk (LBT) as a major candidate technique. The LBT has a flexible backoff idle slot duration, which can be significantly larger than the WLAN counterpart. To our knowledge, however, available analytical results on the LTE and WLAN coexistence have considered only identical idle backoff slot durations. There is a formidable technical difficulty to coexistence analysis for different backoff slot durations. In this paper, we develop a new technical approach to address this open issue. First, we point out an LBT backoff slot jamming effect, and propose a modified LBT backoff scheme to address this problem. Second, for our proposed LBT scheme, we develop a new analytical framework to address system interactions with non-equal backoff slot durations, model the LTE backoff process as super-counters, and provide a thorough analysis on the throughput, backoff counter hold time, and successful transmission probabilities of LTE-LBT and WLAN systems. Finally, we program the algorithms and use computer simulation to validate the analysis. This result fills a major gap and provides practical value for LTE-LBT and WLAN coexistence performance analysis with heterogeneous sensing and backoff slot durations.
Street Level Divergence in the Functioning of Social Welfare Networks

Much effort has been devoted to the evaluation of network effectiveness. Recent scholarship has made an important distinction between network outcomes or productivity and the underlying dynamics or processes that ultimately shape the nature of such joint actions. This article is interested in the process side of this effectiveness equation and, more specifically, in the possibility of process-related divergence at the street level. What if, due to such divergence, networks are not functioning as expected by participants at the managerial level of networks? What are the potential implications of such a mismatch? And, how might this complicate efforts to assess the process and productivity sides of the network effectiveness equation?
Teaching data warehousing and data mining in a graduate program of information technology

Data warehousing and data mining are technologies that deliver critical and optimally useful information to facilitate performance analysis of business organizations. These technologies are not only an emerging trend in information technology but also a booming market in a range of industries. In light of this continuously growing demand, schools are accelerating to prepare students with these technologies. This paper describes the key components that comprise a course which would introduce both data warehousing and data mining technologies to a graduate program of information technology.
Extreme Environment Sensing Using Femtosecond Laser-Inscribed Fiber Bragg Gratings

The femtosecond laser-induced fiber Bragg grating is an effective sensor technology that can be deployed in harsh environments. Depending on the optical fiber chosen and the inscription parameters that are used, devices suitable for high temperature, pressure, ionizing radiation and strain sensor applications are possible. Such devices are appropriate for aerospace or energy production applications where there is a need for components, instrumentation and controls that can function in harsh environments. This paper will present a review of some of the more recent developments in this field.
Understanding and Utilizing the Hierarchy of Abnormal BGP Events.

Abnormal events, such as security attacks, misconfigurations, or electricity failures, could have severe consequences toward the normal operation of the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) that is in charge of the delivery of packets between different autonomous domains, a key operation for the Internet to function. Unfortunately, it has been a difficult task for network security researchers and engineers to classify and detect these events. In our previous work, we have shown that with classification (which relies on the labeling with domain knowledge from BGP experts), it is feasible to effectively detect and distinguish some worms and blackouts from normal BGP behaviors. In this paper, we move one important step forward—we show that we can automatically detect and classify between different abnormal BGP events based on a hierarchy discovered by clustering. As a systematic application of data mining, we devise a clustering method based on normalized BGP data that forms a tree-like hierarchy of abnormal BGP event classes. We then obtain a set of classification rules for each class (node) in the hierarchy, thus able to label unknown BGP data to a closest class. Our method works even as the BGP dynamics evolve over time, as shown in our experiments with seven different abnormal events during a four-year period. Our work, in a more general context, shows it is promising to conduct an interdisciplinary research between network security and data mining in solving real-world problems.
Innovations in asthma therapy: is there a role for inhaled statins?

Introduction: Asthma manifests as chronic airflow obstruction with persistent inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. The immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of the HMG-CoA reduc...
Problems for the Semantics of Nominals

This chapter continues the development of the DRS construction procedure for various types of nominals. I look at some problematic nominals--the ACC-ing and POSS-ing nominals as well as the naked infinitive complements of perception reports. I will argue that all are instances of an IP syntactic construction; this syntactic assumption, together with the assumptions already made in chapter 4 about the syntax-semantics interface and the DRS construction procedure, will account for much of the semantic behavior of these peculiar nominals. In the last two sections, I return to the difficulties for an account of nominals raised at the beginning of chapter 4.
Initiating Opportunities to Enhance Preservice Teachers' Pedagogical Knowledge: Perceptions about Mentoring At-Risk Adolescents.

Providing preservice teachers in urban settings with authentic educational experiences may be an effective approach in preparing them to teach diverse students. Therefore, this investigation examined preservice teachers’ perceptions of mentoring at-risk high school students. Data analysis reflected preservice teachers’ positive experiences and their role as future teachers. The social interaction with at-risk students fostered a deeper understanding of the importance of relationship building and helped to clear teachers’ negative assumptions about at-risk students. This study suggests that preservice teachers in urban settings may enhance their pedagogical knowledge and course work learning by mentoring at-risk students.
Heuristic Component Placement for Maximizing Software Reliability

In this chapter, we present a methodology for architecture-based software reliability analysis considering interface failures. The methodology generates an analytical reliability function that expresses application reliability in terms of the reliabilities and visit statistics of the components and interfaces comprising the application. Based on the analytical reliability function, we then present an optimization approach that produces a desirable deployment configuration of the application components given the application architecture and the component and interface reliabilities, subject to two types of constraints. The first type of constraint is the node size constraint and is concerned with the physical limit of the nodes, where a single node cannot accommodate more than a certain maximum number of components. The second type of constraint is the component location constraint, and is concerned with component deployment, where there are restrictions on which components can be deployed on which nodes due to reasons such as architectural mismatch. The optimization framework uses simulated annealing as the underlying optimization technique. We illustrate the value of the analysis and optimization methodologies using several examples.
Roles of Force Cues and Proprioceptive Joint Angles in Active Exploration of Compliant Objects

We employ distinct exploratory procedures to improve our perceptual judgments of an object’s properties. For instance, with respect to compliance, we exert pressure against a resisting force. The present work investigates ties between strategies for active control of the finger and resultant cues by which compliances may be discriminated. In particular, we employ elastic spheres that co-vary in compliance and radius, as these generate non-differentiable contact areas and are discriminable only in active touch with proprioceptive inputs. During human-subjects psychophysical experiments, we measure touch force, fingertip displacement, and joint kinematics. Two active touch paradigms are used, with and without a force constraint. First, in behaviorally-controlled situations that make force cues non-useful, the results indicate that participants can employ a force-matching strategy between the compliant objects and rely upon displacement-related cues to differentiate them. We show these cues are directly tied to a proprioception mechanism, specifically, the angle of the MCP joint. However, in the fully active paradigm, participants control displacements instead and discriminate via force-related cues. Similar to prior findings in passive touch, we find that force-related cues, likewise, are used in active touch for the optimal and efficient discrimination of compliant objects.
16S rRNA Amplicon Sequencing of Sediment Bacterial Communities in an Oyster Farm in Rhode Island.

ABSTRACT Little is known about the impact of oyster farming on sediment microbial communities. Here, we use 16S rRNA gene sequencing to identify bacterial communities in 24 sediment samples collected from an oyster farm in Ninigret Pond, RI. A total of 13,147 unique operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were assigned, with Proteobacteria being the dominant phyla across all samples.
Exploring student disability and professional identity: navigating sociocultural expectations in U.S. undergraduate civil engineering programs

National agencies throughout Australia and the United States (U.S.) have called for broadened participation in engineering, including participation by individuals with disabilities. However, studie...
The ribbon-helix-helix domain proteins CdrS and CdrL regulate cell division in archaea

Abstract Precise control of the cell cycle is central to the physiology of all cells. In prior work we demonstrated that archaeal cells maintain a constant size; however, the regulatory mechanisms underlying the cell cycle remain unexplored in this domain of life. Here we use genetics, functional genomics, and quantitative imaging to identify and characterize the novel CdrSL gene regulatory network in a model species of archaea. We demonstrate the central role of these ribbon-helix-helix family transcription factors in the regulation of cell division through specific transcriptional control of the gene encoding FtsZ2, a putative tubulin homolog. Using time lapse fluorescence microscopy in live cells cultivated in microfluidics devices, we further demonstrate that FtsZ2 is required for cell division but not elongation. The cdrS-ftsZ2 locus is highly conserved throughout the archaeal domain, and the central function of CdrS in regulating cell division is conserved across hypersaline adapted archaea. We propose that the CdrSL-FtsZ2 transcriptional network coordinates cell division timing with cell growth in archaea. Importance Healthy cell growth and division are critical for individual organism survival and species long-term viability. However, it remains unknown how cells of the domain Archaea maintain a healthy cell cycle. Understanding archaeal cell cycle is of paramount evolutionary importance given that an archaeal cell was the host of the endosymbiotic event that gave rise to eukaryotes. Here we identify and characterize novel molecular players needed for regulating cell division in archaea. These molecules dictate the timing of cell septation, but are dispensable for growth between divisions. Timing is accomplished through transcriptional control of the cell division ring. Our results shed light on mechanisms underlying the archaeal cell cycle, which has thus far remained elusive.
Rousseau’s Post-Liberal Self: Emile and the Formation of Republican Citizenship

This article discusses Rousseau’s theory of the genesis and development of a “post-liberal self” and its political implications. In his Emile, or Education, Rousseau explores the distinctive featur...
Clinical course and outcomes of COVID-19 in rheumatic disease patients: a case cohort study with a diverse population.

To determine clinical course and outcomes in rheumatic disease patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and compare results to uninfected patients. We conducted a case cohort study of autoimmune disease patients with COVID-19 (confirmed by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 PCR) from February 1, 2020, to July 31, 2020, and compared them in a 1:3 ratio with uninfected patients who were matched based on race, age, sex, and comorbidity index. Patient demographics, clinical course, and outcomes were compared among these patient groups. A total of 70 rheumatic disease patients with COVID-19 (mean age, 56.6 years; 64% African American) were identified. The 34 (49%) patients who were hospitalized used oral glucocorticoids more frequently than those treated as outpatients (p < 0.01). All 10 patients using anti-TNFα medications were treated as outpatients (p < 0.01). Those hospitalized with COVID-19 more often required ICU admission (17 (50%) vs 27 (26%), p = 0.01) and intubation (10 (29%) vs 6 (6%), p < 0.01) than uninfected patients and had higher mortality rates (6 (18%) vs 3 (3%), p < 0.01). Of the six COVID-19 patients who died, only one was of African ancestry (p = 0.03). Rheumatic disease patients infected with COVID-19 were more likely to require ICU admission, ventilation, and died more frequently versus uninfected patients with autoimmune disease. Patients on anti-TNFα medications were hospitalized less frequently, while those on chronic glucocorticoids were hospitalized more frequently. These findings have important implications for medication choice in rheumatic disease patients during the ongoing spread of COVID-19.
Sins of the Mother: The Effect of Early Life Cigarette Taxes on Asthma and Inequality

Decades of research have established a link between early life smoke exposure and health at birth. Yet, only a paucity of research has credibly examined outcomes later in childhood. I exploit exogenous variation in state-level cigarette taxes to estimate the causal impact of early life cigarette taxes on multiple measures of children’s well-being such as asthma, asthma severity, and health status. Overall, I find an economically and statistically significant reduction in asthma prevalence. A one dollar increase in state excise taxes reduces the prevalence of asthma by 1.7 percentage points with larger reductions for non-white children and children from poorer households.
Contemporary Cosmology is Irrelevant to Classical Theistic Christian Eschatology

Some are of the opinion that cosmological predictions regarding the future of the physical universe contradict or challenge the Christian eschatological hope for a “new heavens and new earth” (2 Pe...
Health Care 4.0: A Vision for Smart and Connected Health Care.

Industry 4.0 has transformed manufacturing industry into a new paradigm. In a manner similar to manufacturing, health care delivery is at the dawn of a foundational change into the new era of smart...
Association of Premenopausal Bilateral Oophorectomy With Cognitive Performance and Risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Importance The associations of bilateral oophorectomy among premenopausal women, age at oophorectomy, and use of estrogen therapy after oophorectomy with cognitive performance later in life remain controversial.
Transoral robotic surgery-assisted excision of a congenital cervical salivary duct fistula presenting as a branchial cleft fistula.

Background Congenital cervical salivary duct fistulae are rare entities and can mimic branchial cleft fistulae. Ectopic salivary tissue associated with these pharyngocervical tracts may have malignant potential. Methods and Results We present a case report of a novel surgical approach and review of the literature. A 27-year-old man presented with complaint of drainage from the right side of his neck since early childhood. A tract was found from the posterior tonsillar pillar into the neck and ectopic salivary tissue was found along the tract. A congenital hearing loss was also present. Transoral robotic (TORS)-assisted surgery was used in the management of this patient and allowed excellent visualization of the pharyngeal component of the lesion and a minimally invasive approach. The patient did well with no recurrence. Conclusion TORS was helpful for management of a congenital salivary fistula and may be helpful for branchial cleft fistulae. These lesions may be associated with the branchio-oto-renal (BOR) syndrome. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2015
Maximum operating voltage (V MAX ) limit for SOCs in thin form factor mobile devices with touch sensitive displays

Proximity to the touch sensitive display in thin form factor mobile devices puts a stringent upper limit on the temperature (and hence the V MAX ) at which the SOC may be operated, making the industrial design sometimes limited by the thermals, rather than reliability. The tradeoff between the V MAX and the distance between the SOC and the touch display (Z ht ) is systematically explored. A simple analytical framework which addresses tradeoffs among different key parameters of interest (both thermal and reliability) is developed. It is emphasized that by carefully optimizing the time for which the SOC operates at V MAX , and/or by de-emphasizing SOC domain areas operating under lower V MAX , the Z ht may be scaled down, enabling efficient thermal solution design, without compromising performance, while maintaining constant reliability risk.
Removing the Troll from the Thicket: The Case for Enhancing Patent Maintenance Fees in Relation to the Size of a Patent Owner's Non-Practiced Patent Portfolio

The legal literature is replete with discussions of the problems caused by large patent portfolios. While the strongest complaints are about non-practicing entities, or “trolls,” suing in the software and high-tech industries, large patent portfolios can cause competition and gridlock problems even when held by active industry participants. As has been well documented, many of the problems arise from the fact that patent boundaries and validity are often uncertain. Moreover, because assignments of patents need not be registered, and because trolls often use multiple shell companies, it is often difficult to know who owns what patent, or how many patents a particular entity owns. Thus, not only must innovators and firms worry about the size of patent portfolios in the hands of their competitors and trolls, but, even if they are willing to spend substantial time and effort, they may not be able to know all of the potential patent liability they may face, and from whom. It is proposed that patent maintenance fees be increased according to a sliding scale tied to the number of non-practiced patents a patent owner has in its portfolio. Thus, as the size of a firm’s patent portfolio increases, so too does the maintenance fee multiplier charged for all its patents, beginning with the second maintenance fee due date. All patents with common ownership interests would be aggregated in determining the fee enhancement. Because the enhanced fees do not kick in until 7.5 years after issuance, incentives to invent and to disseminate should not be significantly reduced. This proposal will encourage large patent portfolio holders to pare down their holdings by determining which of their older patents are not worth maintaining. This will benefit competitors and new inventors who are currently subject to hold-up problems from large portfolios — many of which are particularly caused by old, low-value patents held en masse.
Mutant huntingtin causes context-dependent neurodegeneration in mice with Huntington's disease

Huntington9s disease (HD) mouse models that express N-terminal huntingtin fragments show rapid disease progression and have been used for developing therapeutics. However, light microscopy reveals no significant neurodegeneration in these mice. It remains unclear how mutant huntingtin induces neurodegeneration. Using caspase staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotinylated UTP nick end labeling, and electron microscopy, we observed that N171-82Q mice, which express the first 171 aa of mutant huntingtin, displayed more degenerated neurons than did other HD mouse models. The neurodegeneration was also evidenced by increased immunostaining for glial fibrillary acidic protein and ultrastructural features of apoptosis. R6/2 mice, which express exon 1 of mutant huntingtin, showed dark, nonapoptotic neurons and degenerated mitochondria associated with mutant huntingtin. In HD repeat knock-in mice (HdhCAG150), which express full-length mutant huntingtin, degenerated cytoplasmic organelles were found in both axons and neuronal cell bodies in association with mutant huntingtin that was not labeled by an antibody to huntingtin amino acids 342–456. Transfection of cultured cells with mutant huntingtin revealed that an N-terminal huntingtin fragment (amino acids 1–208 plus a 120 glutamine repeat) caused a greater increase in caspase activity than did exon 1 huntingtin and longer huntingtin fragments. These results suggest that context-dependent neurodegeneration in HD may be mediated by different N-terminal huntingtin fragments. In addition, this study has identified neurodegenerative markers for the evaluation of therapeutic treatments in HD mouse models.
A 6b 46GS/s ADC with >23GHz BW and sparkle-code error correction

This paper presents a 6b 46GS/s 72-way hierarchically time-interleaved asynchronous SAR ADC utilizing cascode samplers to achieve >23GHz BW. A back-end meta-stability correction circuit enables sparkle-code error-free operation over 1e10 samples. The 28nm FDSOI ADC achieves 27dB SNDR (low frequency)/25.2dB (at 23.5GHz) while consuming 381mW from 1.05V/1.6V supplies and occupies 0.14mm2.
Lessons learned implementing user-level failure mitigation in MPICH

User-level failure mitigation (ULFM) is becoming the front-running solution for process fault tolerance in MPI. While not yet adopted into the MPI standard, it is being used by applications and libraries and is being considered by the MPI Forum for future inclusion into MPI itself. In this paper, we introduce an implementation of ULFM in MPICH, a high-performance and widely portable implementation of the MPI standard. We demonstrate that while still a reference implementation, the runtime cost of the new API calls introduced is relatively low.
Study of the one-step growth curve of equine infectious anemia virus by immunofluorescence.

Abstract Primary horse leukocyte cultures were inoculated with 2 or 10 50% tissue culture infective doses (TCID50) of equine infectious anemia (EIA) virus per cell, and the titer of cell-associated and fluid-phase virus was determined from 1 to 72 hr postinoculation (PI). Cover slips were collected from 4 to 72 hr PI and stained for EIA viral antigen by the indirect immunofluorescent (FA) technique. Viral replication was detected after a latent period of approximately 18 to 24 hr and reached peak titers of approximately 104.5 to 106 TCID50/0.5 ml from 48 to 72 hr PI. The fluid phase contained 101 to 102 TCID50/0.5 ml more virus than the cells. Viral antigen was first detected by FA from 18 to 24 hr PI. Approximately 75% of the cells contained antigen in their cytoplasm 72 hr PI. The FA technique is a sensitive method for detecting EIA virus in horse leukocyte cultures.
Oxidative stress and antioxidant status in intensely exercising horses administered nutraceutical extracts

Summary Reasons for performing study: Many nutraceuticals are used as equine supplements without their efficacy having been scientifically tested. Black tea, cranberries, orange peel and ginger are a few of those nutraceuticals that warrant further study. Objective: To test the effects of single doses of black tea, cranberry, orange peel and ginger extract on markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant status following exercise in horses. Methods: In Study 1, 9 mature, healthy but unfit Standardbred mares were administered 2 l of a control (water), orange peel extract (30 g extract) or decaffeinated black tea extract (28 g extract). In Study 2 the same mares were administered 2 l of a control (water), cranberry extract (30 g extract) or ginger extract (30 g extract). In each study, mares were given the extracts via nasogastric tube 1 h before performing a graded exercise test (GXT), in a randomised crossover design with at least 7 days between GXTs. Blood samples were collected at rest, at fatigue, and 1 and 24 h post exercise and analysed for lipid hydroperoxides (LPO), total glutathione (GSH-T), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), α-tocopherol (TOC), β-carotene (BC) and retinol. Data were statistically analysed using a repeated measures ANOVA. Results: In Study 1 there was no effect of treatment for LPO, GSH-T, GPx, TOC or BC. Retinol was higher for both tea (P = 0.0006) and water (P = 0.004) than for orange peel. In Study 2 there was no treatment effect for LPO, GPx, GSH-T, RET, BC or TOC. Conclusions: The results show that a single dose of various nutraceuticals in exercising horses do not produce an effect on either oxidative stress or antioxidant status and further investigation is needed as to whether long-term supplementation would enhance these effects.
trans-Cyclooctene — a stable, voracious dienophile for bioorthogonal labeling

Discussed herein is the development and advancement of trans-cyclooctene as a tool for facilitating bioorthogonal labeling through reactions with s-tetrazines. While a number of strained alkenes have been shown to combine with tetrazines for applications in bioorthogonal labeling, trans-cyclooctene enables fastest reactivity at low concentration with rate constants in excess of k2 = 106 M−1 s−1. In the present article, we describe advances in computation and synthesis that have enabled applications in chemical biology and nuclear medicine.