cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
How Affective Is a “Like”?: The Effect of Paralinguistic Digital Affordances on Perceived Social Support

A national survey asked 323 U.S. adults about paralinguistic digital affordances (PDAs) and how these forms of lightweight feedback within social media were associated with their perceived social support. People perceived PDAs (e.g., Likes, Favorites, and Upvotes) as socially supportive both quantitatively and qualitatively, even without implicit meaning associated with them. People who are highly sensitive about what others think of them and have high self-esteem are more likely to perceive higher social support from PDAs.
Intrinsic Motivation: An Overlooked Component for Student Success.

intrinsic motivation to learn involves engaging in learning opportunities because they are seen as enjoyable, interesting, or relevant to meeting one's core psychological needs ([13][1]). As a result, intrinsic motivation is associated with high levels of effort and task performance ([11][2]).
Bone Marrow Transplant Induces Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling in Mice.

Abstract 4480 Objective Pulmonary complications are common in bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients and often of an infectious etiology or attributed to intensive conditioning regimens. Cases of pulmonary arterial hypertension have been described in the setting of autologous BMT but are believed to be the result of acquired infections or previously-administered chemotherapy. Whether transplanted marrow cells themselves are toxic to the recipient9s lungs is unknown. Methods To address this, non-irradiated female BALB/C mice were transplanted with 5-6×107 whole bone marrow (WBM) cells from male BALB/C mice daily for four days on week zero, then again on week eight (4.5×108 cells total/mouse), or an equal volume of diluent (control). On week 24, transplanted mice received 1000 cGy of chest-only radiation or no radiation. On week 32, histochemical and immunohistochemical analyses were performed on recipient9s lungs. Results Bone marrow chimerism was not significantly different in the irradiated and non-irradiated cohorts at the time of sacrifice (average 45.11+6.25% Y chromosome+, all mice). Recipient lungs contained few non-hematopoietic donor marrow-derived cells. These cells were exclusively epithelial (Y+/cytokeratin+), primarily type II pneumocytes (Y+/prosurfactant C+), while no endothelial (Y+/von Willebrand+) or vascular smooth muscle (Y+/alpha-actin+) cells were identified. Irradiated and non-irradiated cohorts had similar quantities of these cells (0.80+0.22% vs. 0.51+0.08% Y+/cytokeratin+; 0.37+0.08% vs. 0.32+0.12% Y+/prosurfactant C+, p>0.2). Pulmonary vessel wall thickness-to-blood vessel diameter ratios (PVWT/D) were significantly increased in the non-irradiated cohort compared with controls and these ratios were further increased in the irradiated cohort (141+5.75%, 161+5.34% of control, p Conclusions These data indicated that marrow cell infusion alone results in pulmonary vascular remodeling and this effect is augmented by radiation injury. These changes are independent of transplanted marrow cell conversion to pulmonary vascular endothelial, smooth muscle cells. These studies suggest that transplanted cells may be lung toxic entities in the setting clinical BMT. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Neuroimmune Modulation of Gut Function.

Neuroimmune communications are facilitated by the production of neurotransmitters by immune cells and the generation of immune mediators by immune cells, which form a functional entity called the “neuroimmune synapse.” There are several mechanisms that further facilitate neuroimmune interactions including the anatomic proximity between immune cells and nerves, the expression of receptors for neurotransmitters on immune cells and for immune mediators on nerves, and the receptor-mediated activation of intracellular signaling pathways that modulate nerve and immune phenotype and function. The bidirectional communication between nerves and immune cells is implicated in allostasis, a process that describes the continuous adaptation to an ever-changing environment. Neuroimmune interactions are amplified during inflammation by the influx of activated immune cells that significantly alter the microenvironment. In this context, the types of neurotransmitters released by activated neurons or immune cells can exert pro- or anti-inflammatory effects. Dysregulation of the enteric nervous system control of gastrointestinal functions, such as epithelial permeability and secretion as well as smooth muscle contractility, also contribute to the chronicity of inflammation. Persistent active inflammation in the gut leads to neuroimmune plasticity, which is a structural and functional remodeling in both the neural and immune systems. The importance of neuroimmune interactions has made them an emerging target in the development of novel therapies for GI pathologies.
The Parasternal Short-Axis View Improves Diagnostic Accuracy for Inferior Sinus Venosus Type of Atrial Septal Defects by Transthoracic Echocardiography.

Background Sinus venosus defects (SVD) of the inferior vena cava (IVC) type, or inferior SVDs, are an uncommon form of atrial communication located outside the confines of the fossa ovalis and involve override of the IVC. Despite numerous studies describing the anatomical and echocardiographic features of the inferior SVD, distinguishing this defect from a large secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) by echocardiography is often challenging. Accurate diagnosis of an inferior SVD and correct differentiation from a secundum ASD is essential for appropriate presurgical planning. Absence of the posterior rim in the parasternal short-axis views may serve as a useful clue in diagnosing inferior SVDs. We sought to determine the utility of using the presence or absence of a posterior atrial rim in the parasternal short-axis view to help distinguish an inferior SVD from a secundum ASD. This sign may help clinch the diagnosis when subcostal imaging is suboptimal. Methods We retrospectively reviewed transthoracic echocardiograms from 15 patients with a known surgical diagnosis of an inferior SVD between 2004 and 2015. The presence or absence of a posterior rim in the parasternal short-axis view was determined by two primary investigators. The posterior rim was also evaluated in 14 patients with a secundum ASD repair as controls. Echocardiograms were then reviewed blindly by attending-level echocardiographers and cardiology fellows in training. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed both with and without the use of the posterior rim criterion. Statistical analysis was used to determine the effect of using the rim criterion on inferior SVD diagnosis. We also reviewed all surgically diagnosed secundum ASDs that were incorrectly diagnosed as inferior SVD by preoperative imaging and determined whether use of the posterior rim criterion would have resulted in the correct diagnosis. Results The posterior rim was absent in all 15 patients with a surgical diagnosis of inferior SVD and present in all 14 patients with a secundum ASD. For all observers, there was a statistically significant increase in diagnostic accuracy of inferior SVDs with the use of the rim criterion ( P Conclusions Absence of the posterior rim ("bald" posterior wall) is a consistent finding in patients with an inferior SVD and distinguishes an inferior SVD from a large secundum ASD with inferior extension. Parasternal short-axis evaluation of the posterior atrial rim is a helpful tool for all levels of physician training in improving diagnostic accuracy for detecting inferior SVDs and in distinguishing them from secundum ASDs.
DYNAMIC FORMULATION TECHNIQUES FOR ROBOT MANIPULATORS

Abstract A survey of methods for formulating the equations of motion of robot manipulators is presented in this paper. The first method is the classical Lagrangian method for multi-degree of freedom systems. This method can be implemented for manipulators by using i) 4 × 4 homogeneous transformation, ii) 3 × 3 rotational transformation, iii) first and second order influence coefficients and iv) representation of angular velocity of links. In Newton-Euler formulation, the equations of motion for each link are obtained from the D'Alembert's principle. The method is facilitated by using either global coordinates or local link coordinates. The kinematics for the latter approach is developed by using 3 × 3 rotational matrices. An analytical technique based on Newtonian mechanics with screw calculus and dual number matrices is also presented. A summary of the kinematics needed in the dynamic formulations is provided to make the paper self-contained.
Caffeine and Neurotoxicity: Implications for Tea

Caffeine is a methylxanthine and a component of tea and a variety of other food sources. It is readily absorbed in the body and is widely and quickly distributed to all organs, including the brain. At concentrations that are non-toxic to humans, caffeine acts in the brain by blockade of adenosine A 1 and A 2A receptors, thereby inhibiting adenosine’s tonic inhibitory influence on central nervous system function. Neurotoxic or neuroprotective effects of caffeine also likely involve effects on additional signaling molecules in the central nervous system, including phosphodieseterases, ryanodine receptors and other neurotransmitter receptors. This chapter reviews the available literature regarding mechanisms of caffeine action in the brain and neuroadaptive responses following chronic caffeine exposure. Additionally, this chapter highlight neurotoxic and/or neuroprotective effects of caffeine, with particular emphasis on studies of methylxanthine components of tea and neuronal viability.
Nanoscale Ex Situ Thermal Impulse Sensors for Structural Fire Forensics.

We developed nanoscale ex situ thermal impulse (i.e., the temperature and duration of a heating event) sensors for structural fire forensics using a mixture of two lanthanide-doped oxide precursors (precursor Eu:ZrO2 and precursor Dy:Y2O3) that undergo irreversible phase changes when heated. These changes are probed using photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy with the PL spectra being dependent on the thermal impulse (TI) experienced by the sensors. By correlating the PL spectra to different in-lab TIs, we are able to produce a spectroscopic calibration for our sensors. This calibration allows us to determine an unknown TI of a heating event using only the PL spectrum of the heated TI sensors. In this study, we report on the calibration of these sensors for isothermal heating durations up to 600 s and isothermal temperatures up to 1273 K. Using this calibration, we also demonstrate their ability to determine an unknown TI and demonstrate their functionality when dispersed into paint, which is heated in the presence of drywall.
Front-door Versus Back-door Adjustment with Unmeasured Confounding: Bias Formulas for Front-door and Hybrid Adjustments with Application to a Job Training Program

We demonstrate that the front-door adjustment can be a useful alternative to standard covariate adjustments (i.e., back-door adjustments), even when the assumptions required for the front-door appr...
Occupational musculoskeletal injuries in the health care environment and its impact on occupational therapy practitioners: A systematic review

The purpose of this systematic review was to explore the occupational and personal factors associated with occupational musculoskeletal injuries among health care providers and to identify the psychosocial issues as a result of the injuries. Then, an extrapolation developed to link the potential risks to occupational therapy practitioners. The inclusion criteria that developed from ten articles was based on content from the health and social science literatures. Searches were conducted via internet databases, hard-copy search of bibliographies, and citation review of article references. This review included 22 research studies over the past fifteen years (1990-2005). Classic scientific research studies and classical readings that went beyond the specified period were also included. The review revealed that patient handling was the most common occupational factor to cause work-related injuries. Inexperience and young age were major personal factors associated with injuries. Fear, anger, isolation, inability to perform duties and leisure activities were common psychosocial issues as a result of the injuries. It was extrapolated that occupational therapy practitioners were at risk for occupational musculoskeletal injuries. Future studies are recommended to examine the prevalence and risk factors specific to occupational therapy practitioners.
Heterogeneity of Asthma in Society

There has been an increased interest in studying other factors that affect asthma pathogenesis and cause heterogeneity in prevalence and incidence of asthma. The reason there are such varied expression patterns of disease in asthmatics is because of multiple variables that affect the pathogenesis of asthma. As an exemplar of an epidemiologic variable, we will discuss geographical location, obesity and vitamin D status of the individual, and their effects on asthma burden in humans. There is varying data regarding the prevalence or severity of asthma in urban versus rural setting which is likely related to the difference of the populations studied, complexity of causal variables involved, and local geographic factors. In addition to cross-sectional and cohort studies in humans, animal models and studies have established a link between asthma and obesity by investigating the mechanisms affecting both disease processes. The complicated interrelationship between obesity and asthma is an active area of epidemiological and experimental research with new insights being discovered at a rapid pace. Finally, vitamin D, an important immunomodulator thought to be important in pathogenesis of asthma, has both mechanistic and therapeutic implications in treatment of asthma. The influences of these factors on the clinical expression of asthma are discussed below.
Physical Activity as Depression Treatment

Clinical depression affects millions of young people each year. During youth and adolescence, depression is associated with a variety of psychological and social difficulties. For example, youth and adolescents with depression often experience low self-esteem and confidence, impaired social and interpersonal skills, poor school performance and achievement, social withdrawal, and difficult family and peer relationships (Bylund & Reed, 2007; Mehler-Wex & Kolch, 2008). Treatment for this disorder is vital because experiencing an episode of major depressive disorder (MDD) during adolescence greatly increases the likelihood that the child will develop another depressive episode (5 year recurrence rates are in excess of 70 %) or will develop substance abuse during young adulthood (Lewinsohn & Clarke, 1999; Mehler-Wex & Kolch, 2008). Finally, untreated depression is associated with suicidal ideation and suicide is the third leading cause of death among adolescents in the United States (Klomek & Stanley, 2007).
Global Nonnegative Controllability of the 1-D Semilinear Parabolic Equation

In this chapter we study the global approximate controllability of the one dimensional semilinear convection-diffusion-reaction equation governed in a bounded domain via a coefficient in the reaction term. Even in the linear case, due to the maximum principle, such system is not globally or locally controllable in any reasonable linear space. It is also well known that for the superlinear terms admitting a power growth at infinity the global approximate controllability by traditional additive controls of localized support is out of question. However, we will show that a system like that can be steered in L2(0,1) from any non-negative nonzero initial state into any neighborhood of any desirable non-negative target state by at most three static (x-dependent only) multiplicative controls, applied subsequently in time, while only one such control is needed in the linear case.
Does the Use of Phenobarbital as an Anticonvulsant Permanently Exacerbate Hyperactivity

Data is presented on 12 patients in whom phenobarbital, when used as an anticonvulsant medication, either precipitated hyperactivity or permanently exacerbated existing hyperactivity. Discontinuation of the medication resulted in a decrease in hyperactivity in all patients. None of the patients returned to a pre-drug level of activity. The effect of phenobarbital on the reticular system is discussed. It is important for clinicians to carefully consider the potential side-effects of the use of phenobarbital in children in whom overactivity is a problem. Ascertaining whether hyperactivity has been caused or exacerbated by exposure to phenobarbital may be important in the differential diagnosis of hyperactivity.
Predictors of medical student success on the surgery clerkship.

Abstract Introduction Predictors of student performance on clerkship rotations are limited. In this study, we aim to identify predictors of success on the surgery clerkship. Methods 62 third-year medical students completed an institution-specific clerkship survey. Students were grouped according to clerkship grade of honors (HG) versus high-pass or pass (PG). Statistical analyses were performed using Student's t-test, Pearson's Chi-square/Fisher's exact test, and linear regression analysis. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify predictors of achieving an honors on the clerkship. Results HG students were more likely to be individual-based learners with higher grit and USMLE Step 1 scores compared with PG students. Moreover, USMLE Step 1 score was associated with quiz, shelf examination, and final clerkship grades, but not clinical evaluations. There were few differences with regard to preferred learning modalities, but overall, medical students favored active learning activities. Conclusions We found that higher USMLE Step 1 score, higher grit score, and an individual-based learning style were associated with a higher grade on the surgery clerkship. However, these factors may not fully capture the less objective components of high performance. Additional methods by which educators can measure students’ clinical competency are needed.
Bubbling-off in Families of Pseudoholomorphic Disks

In this chapter, let (M, λ) be a three dimensional manifold with contact form λ, and let F ⊂ M be an embedded surface. Denote by ΣF the set of singular points on the surface, i.e. $$\displaystyle \Sigma _F:=\{p\in F\,|\,\ker \lambda (p)=T_pF\} $$ and by F∗ the surface without its singular points.
Disputes of Self-reported Chronic Disease over Time: The Role of Race, Ethnicity, Nativity, and Language of Interview

Background:Respondents in longitudinal health interview surveys may inconsistently report their chronic diseases across interview waves. Racial/ethnic minority adults have an increased burden of chronic diseases and may dispute chronic disease reports more frequently.Objective:We evaluated the longi
Identification of Unusual Antioxidants in the Natural and Built Environments

Hindered phenolic antioxidants are common industrial chemicals that are added to polymers of all sorts and even to food. For example, on the order of 107 kg of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (also known as BHT) is used in the United States every year. Despite their widespread use, the environmental fates of most of these compounds have not been well-investigated. The first step in such an investigation is the identification of those antioxidants that are present in environmental sources. This paper reports on the identification of two previously unsuspected antioxidants, Irganox 1076 and Irganox 1135. The latter is particularly abundant in a set of children’s car seats we have previously investigated for flame retardants. We also demonstrate that both of these compounds degrade to 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-benzoquinone and that this compound is very abundant in atmospheric particles collected in Chicago. We suggest that this benzoquinone is likely to be environmentally significant and deserves further attention.
Replicating Real-World Wind Farm SSR Events

In 2017, three sub-synchronous resonance (SSR) events were reported in the transmission system of Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT). These three events with different consequences are due to the same cause, i.e., Type-3 wind farms radially connected to a series compensated transmission line. The objectives of this paper are: 1) to build a testbed to replicate these real-world events and investigate what causes the different consequences; 2) to find out the impact of wind penetration level and wind speed on SSR; and 3) to investigate how to mitigate SSR. The replication testbed is built in MATLAB/Simpowersystems with each wind farm represented by a single aggregated wind turbine with full dynamics. The challenge of replication is the limited information about those three events, the ERCOT system, and the wind farms. Nevertheless, relying on simplification and assumptions, we are able to replicate the three events. Our contributions include the configured testbed for Type-3 wind farm SSR studies, diagnosis of impacting factors on SSR, and the confirmation of an SSR mitigation strategy through grid-side converter ac voltage command signal modulation.
What Caused Harrod to Completely Capitulate to Keynes in His Letter of August 30, 1935? The Answer Can Be Found in Keynes’s Letter to Harrod of August 27, 1935, Where Keynes Demonstrated That the Classical Theory Was Only a Single IS Curve in (Y, r) Space That Intersected Nothing

Keynes provided an overwhelming argument in his letter of August 27th, 1935 to Harrod that convinced Harrod twice to acknowledge that Keynes had made a “radical reconstruction” of the theory of the rate of interest. Special significance can be given to Keynes’s three point post script in which Keynes demonstrated that the classical theory of the rate of interest had no curves to intersect because the IS curve is a single downward sloping curve in Y-r space. There is a missing equation that is required in order to have a determinate, quantitative equilibrium in Y-r space (Aggregate Income (Effective demand)-rate of interest) space. Harrod was completely overwhelmed by Keynes’s analysis in the letter of August 27th. Unfortunately, it is apparent that Harrod started to have second thoughts about his complete capitulation to Keynes concerning the need for a radical reconstruction of the theory of the rate of interest in his letter of August 30, 1935.The result was that Harrod mislead Hawtrey in their 1951 correspondence and the readers of his biography of Keynes so as to hide the relevant parts of the letters of August 27th and August 30th from them (see my SSRN contribution in the references).
Estimation of Monotone Multi-Index Models

In a multi-index model with $k$ index vectors, the input variables are transformed by taking inner products with the index vectors. A transfer function $f: \mathbb{R}^k \to \mathbb{R}$ is applied to these inner products to generate the output. Thus, multi-index models are a generalization of linear models. In this paper, we consider monotone multi-index models. Namely, the transfer function is assumed to be coordinate-wise monotone. The monotone multi-index model therefore generalizes both linear regression and isotonic regression, which is the estimation of a coordinate-wise monotone function. We consider the case of nonnegative index vectors. We provide an algorithm based on integer programming for the estimation of monotone multi-index models, and provide guarantees on the $L_2$ loss of the estimated function relative to the ground truth.
Abstract P080: Mutation Of Lysine 68 To Arginine Mimics Deacetylation Of Mitochondrial Superoxide Dismutase, Protects From Vascular Oxidative Stress And Attenuates Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertension

By recent guidelines, almost one-half of adults have hypertension, and blood pressure is poorly controlled in a third of patients despite use of multiple drugs, likely due to mechanisms contributin...
Hrārā/S-tut/Qeṭ: Re-conceptualizing Pan-African Studies in the Era of Globalization Using a Mixture of Ancient Egyptian, Diopian, Mazruiana, Mbitian, and Asanteian Approaches

This chapter by Abdul Karim Bangura concerns the challenge to the conventional conceptualization of Pan-Africanism, which is as follows: “the idea that peoples of African descent have common interests and should be unified. Historically, Pan-Africanism has often taken the shape of a political or cultural movement. There are many varieties of Pan-Africanism. In its narrowest political manifestation, Pan-Africanists envision a unified African nation where all people of the African Diaspora can live. (African Diaspora refers to the long-term historical process by which people of African descent have been scattered from their ancestral homelands to other parts of the world.) In more-general terms, Pan-Africanism is the sentiment that people of African descent have a great deal in common, a fact that deserves notice and even celebration” (see, for example, the Encyclopedia Britannica, 2020). Bangura posits that this conceptualization is being challenged by globalization as its power continues to weaken boundaries of statehood and many young people in Africa and the Diaspora are increasingly becoming aware of their own political and economic environment. He then argues that it is in this context that Pan-Africanism has found a viable niche for renewal in the twenty-first century among educated Africans.
Treatment of Overactive Bladder in the Frail Patient

To understand how frailty interacts with overactive bladder. To explore how frailty should be considered when devising an individualized treatment plan for OAB patients. Frailty can be assessed in the outpatient office without undue burden. The urology community is increasingly aware of the importance of evaluating a patient for frailty and including this assessment in treatment algorithms. Frailty should be considered when treating OAB patients, since frail OAB patients are more susceptible to the potential deleterious consequences of medical therapy, onabotulinumtoxinA therapy, and sacral neuromodulation. A patient’s frailty status should be considered during counseling regarding OAB therapy. Additional studies are needed to examine the treatment effects and risks in the frail OAB population.
The Racial Gap in Employment and Layoffs during COVID-19 in the United States: A Visualization

A large body of sociological research has shown that racial minorities and women experience significant disadvantages in the labor market. In this visualization, the author presents evidence from the Current Population Survey examining the effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 crisis on racial and gender inequalities in employment in the United States among prime-age workers. The author shows that the white-nonwhite gap in employment increased significantly during the post-outbreak period. Results from individual fixed-effects regression models show a strong white male advantage in the likelihood of being laid off for post-outbreak months compared with women, black men, Hispanic men, and Asian men.
Diabetes Management in Patients with Heart Failure

Diabetes and heart failure (HF) are common diseases, each affecting large segments of the world population. Moreover, prevalence rates for both are expected to rise dramatically over coming decades. The high prevalence rates of both diseases and wellrecognized association of diabetes as a risk factor for HF make it inevitable that both diseases co-exist in a large number of patients, complicating their management and increasing the risk of a poor outcome. Management of diabetes has been shown to impact clinical events in patients with HF and there is emerging evidence that agents used to treat diabetes can reduce HF events, even in non-diabetic patients. In this review we summarize the clinical course and treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and HF and review the efficacy and safety of pharmacological agents in patients with T2DM at risk for HF and those with established disease.
Propagation of atmospheric pressure plasmas through interconnected pores in dielectric materials

The propagation of atmospheric pressure plasmas (APPs) on and through porous dielectric materials is being investigated for plasma-catalysis and functionalizing biomedical materials for tissue scaffolding and bone regeneration. Such plasma functionalization improves wettability and cell attachment, and so uniformity of the treatment of the pore surfaces is important. The method of propagation of APPs through porous media is not well characterized. In this paper, we discuss results from a computational investigation of humid air APPs propagating through short fully interconnected pore-chains in a dielectric substrate. The properties of the dielectric and pores (diameter 150 μm) were chosen to resemble bone scaffolding. We found that photoionization is an important feature in plasma propagation through pore-chains to seed electrons in the following pore in the chain. This seeding of electrons in regions of high electric field allows for the formation of micro-streamers and surface ionization waves. This is particularly important when the openings between pores are small. The orientation of the pore-chain with respect to the applied electric field has a significant impact on plasma generation, mode of propagation, and fluences of short-lived, reactive species to the surfaces of the pores. The uniformity of fluences of charged and short-lived neutral species to the pore surfaces decreases as the angle of the pore chain deviates from being aligned with the applied electric field. Diffusion within pores improves the uniformity of fluences to pore surfaces for long-lived species on longer time scales compared to their post-discharge uniformity.
The cramped and crowded room: The search for a sense of belonging and emotional well-being among temporary low-wage migrant workers

Abstract Recent scholarship on belonging examines how temporary transnational low-wage migrant workers find belonging in the host country. While this is possible for some migrant groups, it overlooks those groups who cannot. This study examines how mutually reinforcing socio-spatial processes converge to produce the unequal distribution of belonging experienced by low-wage migrants at the margins of the margin. Drawing from the emotional narratives of forty-four temporary migrant workers from eleven different countries employed in low-wage work in Dubai in the United Arab Emirates, the study reveals the exclusionary processes that limit belonging. These processes are rooted in historical hierarchies established by the state and socioeconomic elite along the lines of nationality, race, and ethnicity. The hierarchies are reinforced using socio-spatial disciplinary mechanisms that create and maintain low-wage labor. Social exclusion and the devaluing of certain nationalities are further reinforced within the space of worker accommodation in relation to the stratification of low-wage migrant groups whose behavior replicates society's vertical hierarchies. Analysis focuses specifically on the scale of the room—the cramped, confined space that low-wage migrants share—, how it was experienced spatially, socially, and emotionally, and how it can be a pathway or barrier to accessing a sense of belonging.
A case report of atypical hemiplegic migraine with nonheadache onset in a Chinese child.

Hemiplegic migraine (HM) is an uncommon subtype of migraine with aura including motor weakness. The core symptoms of HM are headache and motor weakness. However, we report a rare case of atypical HM with nonheadache onset in a Chinese child who was misdiagnosed several times. We report a Chinese boy whose onset was sudden when he was 3 years old. He presented with a variety of phenotypes, including fever, vomiting, alternating hemiplegia, and drowsiness, but no headache in the initial stages. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated unilateral cerebral oedema during the initial episode of hemiplegia. These symptoms recurred many times. As the disease progressed, the patient developed episodic headache. The patient was misdiagnosed several times with encephalitis, alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC) and mitochondrial encephalopathy. Whole-exome next-generation sequencing revealed a de novo heterozygous missense mutation in the ATP1A2 gene(p.Gly715Arg) classified as pathogenic and eventually led to a diagnosis of HM when he was 11 years old. Flunarizine was subsequently administered, and no recurrence was found during follow-up. HM in children may be atypical in the initial stage of the disease, which could manifest as fever, alternating hemiplegia and drowsiness but no headache at the onset. This could easily lead to misdiagnosis. With age, it may eventually manifest as typical HM. Therefore, attention should be given to differentiation in clinical practice.When similar clinical cases appear, gene detection is particularly important, which is conducive to early diagnosis and treatment.
Countering the Proliferation of Malware: Targeting the Vulnerability Lifecycle

States have turned to export controls to block the international transfer of malicious software and limit its harmful effects. Based on the nature of the software and the identity of the end user these controls should, in theory, keep malware out of the hands of the worst actors including those with sinister human rights aims. In practice, export controls fail to check the transfer of malware because they ignore the incentives of those who develop and use this software. Even worse, the controls chill the work of legitimate security researchers, undermining efforts to protect states and users from cyber threats and potentially offering the basis for broader information controls. Recognizing these shortcomings, a mix of academics, companies, and civil society groups has attempted to reform the current export control regime. However, even these modest reform efforts have produced only token changes. A more effective proposal would limit the supply of vulnerabilities available to attackers by reducing the amount of time any given vulnerability is available for an attacker to use in malware. Doing so will raise of the cost to build and acquire malicious software that depend on vulnerabilities. Using the United States as a model for implementation, this paper outlines ten recommendations to shorten the life cycle of vulnerabilities clustered around four key activities: 1. Increase the number of software vulnerabilities discovered by expanding the accessibility of bug bounty programs to new companies, but narrowing their scope to the most important bugs. 2. Increase the number of vulnerabilities disclosed by researchers to software developers by reforming two important pieces of federal law that currently chill security research. 3. Increase the speed of patch issuance once developers learn of vulnerabilities in their products by improving transparency around how long it takes software developers to issue security patches. 4. Increase the number of customers that apply patches to security flaws once issued by software developers by improving transparency around which companies apply patches – and which ones do not.
NGOs and Disability Justice Activism in the Religion Academy

The World Council of Churches (WCC), an organization of 348 member churches, is a model of coalition building particularly through its support of individuals, churches, and their ministries for the inclusion, participation, and contributions of people with disability in its ecumenical work. The Ecumenical Disability Advocates Network (EDAN) informs one of the initiatives of the WCC—faith in Jesus Christ and communion fellowship—in the journey toward visible unity and justice for people who were too often missing the banquet of a church of all and for all. EDAN and other international disability advocates have most recently embedded its agenda of inclusion into the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. The United Nations explicitly recognizes the Human Rights for persons with disability and, with the Convention of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006), has raised protections against discrimination, exploitation, and abuse of people with disabilities to the level of international law. The World Health Organization works collaboratively in gathering data and local analyses of efforts to minimize preventable disability and maximize rehabilitation program availability with partners across the globe. These organizations, global in nature, have benefitted from the insights raised by people with disability and scholars working at the intersections of disability, religion, and justice. This essay examines the efficacy and opportunities of international coalitions available with these organizations so as to challenge the ethics of simple accommodations with a more robust social justice of affirmation and advocacy for people with disability: a new paradigm for our churches and our world. The objectives of the study 1) consider how Christian communities understand diversity in the human family inclusive of People with Disability (PWD); 2) challenge Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) to increase their support of PWD by making accessibility the key to initiative remedies; and 3) to encourage collaboration in mission efforts that ensure the inclusion of PWD and their allies in policy and decision-making.
Solar particle emission

A variety of flare-associated and recurrent solar particle events are analyzed using the technique of 'mapping' the fluxes back to the estimated high coronal longitude of the interplanetary field line passing through the spacecraft. Often it is possible to separate temporal from spatial effects as well as those of coronal and interplanetary propagation. Considerable regularity appears in the coronal injection profiles deduced during events in 1969, 1972 and 1973, implying extended acceleration of protons about 0.3-7.5 MeV, helium and medium nuclei about 1 MeV/nuc and relativistic electrons. Clear associations are found in 1973 among energetic particle injection profiles, solar wind stream sources, and low coronal magnetic structure.
Latinos: Discrete and Insular No More

As part of this symposium to celebrate the publication of a Latinos and the Law casebook by Richard Delgado, Juan Perea, and Jean Stefancic, this Essay considers why the time is ripe for bringing Latinos out of the casebook squibs and into the canon. The primary answer is: numbers. As Latinos become an increasingly large segment of the U.S. population, understanding how they fit into American history and how their presence has shaped the law's development becomes central to understanding the nature of our polity. But the growth of the Latino population into a dominant minority (and an outright majority in some jurisdictions) raises a new set of questions: what happens to our conceptions of rights and responsibilities when a minority starts to take on the characteristics of a majority, or an outright majority ceases to exist? Our conception of the category "Latino" and its place in our politics and constitutional jurisprudence must change as the population grows in size and importance. This Essay explores how and why.
Bayesian optimal interval design for phase I oncology clinical trials

The Bayesian optimal interval (BOIN) design is a novel phase I trial design for finding the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). With the BOIN design, phase I trials are conducted as a sequence of decisio...
LAS CONTRADICCIONES DEL CULTO EN LA PARROQUIA DE TARAPACÁ (1880-1897). ARTICULANDO LA DEVOCIÓN

RESUMEN El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo principal el analisis de la instauracion de la administracion eclesiastica chilena en la parroquia de San Lorenzo de Tarapaca, ubicada en el interior tarapaqueno, entre los anos de 1880-1897. Se rescata la labor de los primeros sacerdotes chilenos, problematizando la relacion que sostuvieron con las comunidades andinas, destacando las fricciones presentes en la articulacion del culto. Palabras Clave : Administracion Eclesiastica, Objetos de Culto, Comunidad Andina, Sincretismo Religioso. ABSTRACT The aim of this work is to analyze the establishment of the Chilean ecclesiastic adminstration at the San Lorenzo de Tarapaca parish between 1880 and 1897. The labor of the first chilean priests is highlighted, presenting the relationship that they had with the Andean communities and emphasizing frictions in the worship articulation. Keywords : Ecclesiastic Adminstration, Objects of Worship, Andean Community, Religious Syncretism.
Intelligent teleoperation of robotic assembly systems

In the intelligent teleoperation system discussed in this paper, the operator and the robot cooperate with each other to improve the safety, reliability, and fault-tolerance of the operation. A Max-Plus algebra model is proposed to model both the off-line task plan and unscheduled human teleoperation. Action synchronization technology is used for integrating human operations into the robotic assembly process. The telecontrol scheme has been experimentally implemented and tested in an assembly work-cell. The results demonstrate the efficiency and advantages of the proposed scheme.
Fitting and testing carroll's weighted unfolding model for preferences

A quadratic programming algorithm is presented for fitting Carroll's weighted unfolding model for preferences to known multidimensional scale values. The algorithm can be applied directly to pairwise preferences; it permits nonnegativity constraints on subject weights; and it provides a means of testing various preference model hypotheses. While basically metric, it can be combined with Kruskal's monotone regression to fit ordinal data. Monte Carlo results show that (a) adequacy of “true” preference recovery depends on the number of data points and the amount of error, and (b) the proportion of data variance accounted for by the model sometimes only approximately reflects “true” recovery.
Far-Infrared Spectra of Iron-Doped MgO

The far-infrared absorption spectra of two iron-doped MgO samples were measured at 4.2, 20.3, and 77.4\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, using a large grating spectrometer. A line at 105.0 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ was observed with a peak absorption coefficient of 1.5 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ and a width of \ensuremath{\simeq}9.0 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ at 20.3\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. This line is attributed, with the aid of oxidation and reduction data, to MgO: ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{2+}$ at cubic sites. The transition ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{5g}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{3g}$, ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{4g}$ of MgO: ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{2+}$ would be expected from crystal-field theory to be at around 200 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. However, Ham has postulated that vibronic effects could displace these levels to a position near 100 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. The location of the levels ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{3g}$, ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{4g}$ at \ensuremath{\simeq}100 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ would account for both anomalous quadrupole splitting in the M\"ossbauer spectrum of MgO: ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{2+}$ at $Tl14\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$K and the rates of spin-lattice relaxation in the ground state. This prediction is now confirmed. Other lines were also observed in one or both of the samples investigated, but they are not related to the 105-${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ line. The origin of these lines is also briefly discussed.
Ultrastructural changes in articular chondrocytes of mice fed a lard-enriched diet†

Weanling male mice of strain C57B1. were fed a lard-enriched diet for periods of 1, 4, 7, 10, 14, or 28 days. Beginning during the second week of consumption of this ration, articular chondrocytes of the femoral heads were increased in number and size and showed ultrastructural changes. The latter manifested themselves in nuclear enlargement, intensification of organellar development and in acceleration of regression. There was no evidence of abnormal deposition of lipid material within the chondrocytes beyond that due to organellar disintegration. It was concluded that the early effects of a lard-enriched diet on articular cartilage consist of an overall stimulation of cell function followed by premature exhaustion. The primary site of action of the dietary fat remains unknown.
Effect of low-temperature storage on the extractable nutrient ions in soils

Low-temperature storage gave significant increases in the amounts of extractable ammonium-nitrogen and phosphorus in four soil types. The changes in nitrate-nitrogen and particularly in potassium and calcium were less pronounced and varied according to the soil studied. The effects were generally greater in the organic soils. Low-temperature storage of soils which had been air-dried previously caused similar changes. In view of these findings it is considered that deep-freeze storage should not be used when extractable nutrients are to be determined.
Type IX collagen neo-deposition in degenerative discs of surgical patients whether genotyped plus or minus for COL9 risk alleles.

Study Design Immunohistochemical analysis of type IX collagen in disc tissue from spinal fusion patients.
Study of spatial-temporal spread model for wheat stripe rust in small scale based on Bayesian network

In traditional, the research of wheat stripe rust spreading mode was focus on the large scale meteorological propagation model. In this paper, we present a diagnosis and propagation model of wheat stripe rust in field scales based on Bayesian network, which can provides technical support for short-term accurate prediction and precision pesticide of stripe rust in small scale. Through the wheat stripe rust induction experiment in different scales field grids, we get the spatio-temporal occurring and spreading law of wheat stripe rust in different scales. Then we can choice the accurate scale of model, structure learning method and parameters learning method of the spatio-temporal spreading model of wheat stripe rust. After constructing the Bayesian network model, we can predict and analyze incidence of stripe rust in a certain fields and can verify the accuracy of model by contrast the real disease in field with the predict result.
Spinopelvic parameters in postfusion flatback deformity patients

Abstract Background context Fixed sagittal imbalance (FSI) may result from loss of adequate lumbar lordosis (LL) after spinal fusion. Pelvic incidence (PI) is a fixed anatomical parameter that determines LL and overall spinal sagittal alignment. Purpose We describe the spinopelvic parameters in a series of patients with postfusion FSI. We hypothesize that patients who develop postfusion FSI may have a high PI and are thus more at risk from a loss of adequate LL. Study design Retrospective chart and image review. Patient sample Consecutive patients with degenerative spine disease with clinically significant postoperative FSI after fusion. Methods/outcome measures We evaluated 36-in full spine films for PI, LL, pelvic tilt (PT), thoracic kyphosis (TK), and C7 plumb line. Results Fifteen patients with clinically significant FSI were identified: 13 women and 2 men (mean age, 63.3 years). They had undergone a mean of 2.9 prior spine surgeries. The mean PI was elevated at 66.7° (normal 48–55°), mean PT was elevated at 35.5° (normal 12–18°), mean LL was reduced at 11.8° (normal 43–61°), mean TK was reduced at 19.3° (normal 41–48°), and mean C7 plumb line was elevated at 13.1 cm (normal Conclusions In the current series, patients with FSI after spinal fusion had an elevated PI and inadequate LL. They attempted to compensate for FSI with reduced TK and with increased pelvic retroversion (PT). Overall, it is important to identify sagittal spinopelvic parameters and promote sagittal balance when performing lumbar fusions.