cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Deep-sea sedimentary processes in the Argentine Basin revealed by high-resolution seismic records (3.5 kHz echograms)

Abstract The regional distribution of nine 3.5 kHz seismic echo types reveals the areal extent of deep-sea sedimentary processes in the Argentine Basin. Correlation between four echo types (IB, IIA, IIB, IIIF) and the relative abundance of sand and silt layers in piston cores shows that the majority of coarse sediment bypasses the continental slope and rise. This coarse sediment is deposited on the proximal abyssal plain with progressively lower amounts reaching basinward across the distal plain. Scarps, irregular and blocky hyperbolic zones, and transparent layers along the Argentine continental margin indicate the widespread occurrence of mass-flow deposits. One large area of mass-flow deposits covers at least 5 × 10 4 km 2 of the continental rise and adjacent abyssal plain east of the Rio de la Plata. A field of large migrating mud waves, approximately 1.0 × 10 6 km 2 in extent, occurs on sediment drifts in the central basin. The mud waves range in amplitude up to 137 m and average 26 m; wavelengths are about 3–7 km. The migrating mud waves are current-controlled features which form in areas of relatively weak Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) benthic circulation. A variety of hyperbolic echo types on the abyssal plain adjacent to the Argentine continental margin, south of the Rio Grande Rise, and in the Georgia Basin, are also interpreted as AABW current-produced erosional/depositional bedforms, although downslope sedimentary processes may also produce similar hyperbolic echoes. The distribution of bedforms inferred from 3.5 kHz echo character suggests that sediments is supplied to the basin principally by gravity-controlled mass flows. Sediment transported by AABW from higher latitudes is a secondary source. Sediments from both sources is winnowed by strong AABW flow along the Argentine continental rise. The fine-grained component is transported to the central basin where it is deposited as migrating mud waves in regions of relatively weaker AABW flow.
Molecular materials for micro-electronics

Molecular organic materials have had an illustrious past but the ability to deposit these as homogeneous thin films has rejuvenated the field and led to organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and the development of an increasing number of high-performance polymers for nonlinear and electronic applications. Whereas the use of organic materials in micro-electronics was restricted to photoresists for patterning purposes, polymeric materials are coming of age as metallic interconnects, flexible substrates, insulators, and semiconductors in all-plastic electronics. The focus of this topical review will be on organic light-emitting devices with a discussion of the most recent developments in electronic devices.PACS Nos.: 85.60Jb, 78.60Fi, 78.55Kz, 78.66Qn, 73.61Ph, 72.80Le
Comparison of cluster algorithms for two-dimensional Potts models

We have measured the dynamical critical exponent z for the Swendsen-Wang and the Wolff cluster update algorithms, as well as a number of variants of these algorithms, for the q=2 and q=3 Potts models in two dimensions. We find that although the autocorrelation times differ considerably between algorithms, the critical exponents are the same. For q=2, we find that although the data are better fitted by a logarithmic increase in the autocorrelation time with lattice size, they are also consistent with a power law with exponent z\ensuremath{\approxeq}0.25, especially if there are non-negligible corrections to scaling.
Plasmodium berghei: the effects of suppressor factor on vaccination

Abstract Suppressor factor-free known protective fractions (G, Sp2) extracted from Plasmodium berghei -infected erythrocytes were injected into groups of mice with and without suppressor factor (SF). One, two and three injections of SF did not significantly alter the mortality rate or the mean day of death of vaccinated animals. Peaks obtained during the preparation of SF, which were free of SF, were tested for protection. Peak three of this preparation, which is enhancing in the plaque cell test, gave no protection after three vaccinating injections, but 10 daily injections during infection did give significant protection. Three vaccinating injections of SF did not induce sufficient SF inhibitory response to alter the mean day of death or the mortality rate. The presence of SF in vaccine material probably does not greatly affect its protective activity since 10 injections of SF following infection were required to alter the response.
Anomaly Freedom Through Lepto-Quark Matter

Lepto-quark matter represents new fermionic matter that carries quark as well as lepton numbers. An extension of the standard model with three families of conventional quarks and leptons is presented in which freedom from anomalies is secured through the presence of lepto-quark matter representations. The gauge symmetry of the model is SU(2)L×U(1)q×U(1)l where U(1)q and U(1)l refer to distinct hypercharge sources for the quarks and the leptons.
Bipolar high-field excitations in Co/Cu/Co nanopillars

Current-induced magnetic excitations in Co/Cu/Co bilayer nanopillars ($\sim$50 nm in diameter) have been studied experimentally at low temperatures for large applied fields perpendicular to the layers. At sufficiently high current densities excitations, which lead to a decrease in differential resistance, are observed for both current polarities. Such bipolar excitations are not expected in a single domain model of spin-transfer. We propose that at high current densities strong asymmetries in the longitudinal spin accumulation cause spin-wave instabilities transverse to the current direction in bilayer samples, similar to those we have reported for single magnetic layer junctions.
Simulation of complex molecules—computational requirements for the 1980's

Abstract Improving the understanding of complex molecular systems is an important and interesting use of supercomputers. Computer simulation currently plays, and will continue to play, a vital role in research in this area by acting as a guide to site-specific mutagenesis. This study explains simulations of complex molecules.
University Music Educators' Perceptions of the Importance of Public-School-Related Off-Campus Activities

The purpose of this study was to determine: (a) whether any significant differences existed within university music educators' responses to each of 16 activities, identified previously to be “recognized” off campus activities, in the categories of frequency of performance, effectiveness in helping keep them up-to-date with public school settings, and perceived importance of each activity in tenure/promotion decisions, (b) whether any significant differences existed between university music educators' responses in these evaluation categories (frequency, effectiveness, and importance) according to the perceived role and expectation of the different institutions, (c) how often university music educators performed each of 16 activities, (d) how effective university music educators thought each of the 16 activities would be in keeping them up-to-date with public school settings, (e) the university music educators' perception of the importance of each activity in tenure/promotion decisions, and (f) whether univ...
A statistical model for discriminating between subliminal and near-liminal performance

The concept of a psychophysical threshold is foundational in perceptual psychology. In practice, thresholds are operationalized as stimulus values that lead to a fairly high level of performance such as .75 or .707 in two-choice tasks. These operationalizations are not useful for assessing subliminality—the state in which a stimulus is so weak that performance is at chance. We present a hierarchical Bayesian model of performance that incorporates a threshold that divides subliminal from near-liminal performance. The model provides a convenient means to measure at-chance thresholds and therefore is useful for testing theories of subliminal priming. The hierarchical nature of the model is critical for efficient analysis as strength is pooled across people and stimulus values. A comparison to Rasch psychometric models is provided.
Predictors of Permanence of Successful Radiofrequency Lesions Created with Controlled Catheter Tip Temperature

Transient interruption of accessory pathway (AP) conduction is often encountered during creation of HF lesions, with return of conduction after seconds to weeks. Maximum catheter tip temperature (Tmax) bas not been shown to be a good predictor of successful RF ablation. However, other indices related to catheter tip temperature (T) may predict permanent AP interruption. Ninety-one successful RF applications in 58 patients (mean age 11.9 ± 5.5 years, 38 WPW syndrome, 18 concealed AP, 2 both) were reviewed retrospectively. Forty-two HF applications were transiently successful, with a median time of AP conduction recurrence of 120 seconds (sec: range, 1 sec to > 1 day). This group was compared with 49 permanently successful RF applications. T was measured and controlled using the Medtronic Atakr® system (San Jose, CA, USA). RF lesion duration, power output, rmax, and time to Tmax (tmax) were not significantly different between the two groups. By univariate analysis, each of the following indices was able to discriminate between the transient and permanent lesions, and highly correlated with one another; T at the moment of AP interruption (Tsucc; transient 55.0 ± 7.9°C vs permanent 49.8 ± 7.7°C, P = 0.0025), time to success (tsucc; transient 4.0 ± 3.0 sec vs permanent 1.8 ± 1.3 sec, P = 0.0001), ratio of Tsucc/Tmax (transient 0.76 ± 0.23 vs permanent 0.57 ± 0.27, P = 0.0007) and ratio of tsucc/tmax (transient 0.91 ± 0.69 vs permanent 0.41 ± 0.41, P = 0.0001). By logistic regression analysis, no single variable or combination of variables was superior to tsucc for prediction of outcome, with a breakpoint of 2.3 seconds having a sensitivity of 74% and a specificity of 65%. During temperature controlled RF application, indices of time and temperature were well-correlated with permanent elimination of AP conduction. Time to interruption of AP conduction < 2.3 seconds after the onset of RF application was predictive of the permanence of successful RF applications. Known relations between HF lesion volume and catheter tip temperature suggest that early conduction block may be an indicator of anatomical proximity of the catheter tip and the AP. These data suggest that, in conjunction with electrogram criteria, selection criteria for optimal sites for RF application may continue to be refined after the onset of RF application, and support the practice of terminating RF application if AP conduction is not rapidly interrupted. (PACE 1997; 20[Pt. I):1283-1291)
Associations of Neighborhood Concentrated Poverty, Neighborhood Racial/Ethnic Composition, and Indoor Allergen Exposures: a Cross-Sectional Analysis of Los Angeles Households, 2006–2008

Although racial/ethnic, socioeconomic, and neighborhood factors have been linked to asthma, and the association between indoor allergens and asthma is well documented, few studies have examined the relationship between these factors and indoor allergens. We examined the frequency of reported indoor allergens and differences by racial/ethnic, socioeconomic, and neighborhood characteristics among a diverse sample of Los Angeles households. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to analyze the data from 723 households from wave 2 of the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey. The reported presence of rats, mice, cockroaches, mold, pets, and tobacco smoke were the primary outcomes of interest. Hispanic and Asian households had a nearly threefold increase in the odds of reporting cockroaches compared to non-Hispanic Whites (OR, 2.85; 95 % CI 1.38–5.88 and OR, 2.62; 95 % CI 1.02–6.73, respectively) even after adjusting for socioeconomic factors. Primary caregivers who had obtained a high school degree were significantly less likely to report the presence of mice and cockroaches compared to primary caregivers with less than a high school degree (OR, 0.19; 95 % CI 0.08–0.46 and OR, 0.39; 95 % CI 0.23–0.68, respectively). Primary caregivers with more than a high school degree were also less likely to report the presence of rats, mice, and cockroaches within their households, compared to those with less than a high school degree. Compared to renters, home owners were less likely to report the presence of mice, cockroaches, and mold within their households. At the neighborhood level, households located within neighborhoods of high concentrated poverty (where the average poverty rate is at least 50 %) were more likely to report the presence of mice and cockroaches compared to households in low concentrated poverty neighborhoods (average poverty rate is 10 % or less), after adjusting for individual race/ethnicity and socioeconomic characteristics. Our study found evidence in support of neighborhood-level racial/ethnic and socioeconomic influences on indoor allergen exposure, above and beyond individual factors. Future studies should continue to explore individual and neighborhood-level racial/ethnic and socioeconomic differences in household allergen exposures across diverse contexts.
Interactions of water with trisiloxane rings. II: Theoretical analysis

Abstract The Austin model (AM1) semi-empirical molecular orbital (MO) modeling was used to calculate the reaction path for the hydrolysis of D2 trisiloxane rings. The lowest energy path was found using a dissociative proton-transfer model involving a transition state containing a pentavalent Si atom bonded to a H2O molecule containing a tricoordinate O atom. The H2O molecule acts a nucleophile, and adsorbs on an acidic Si atom in the D2 ring to form the pentavalent Si transition state. The activation energy, δE, for this exothermic reaction was calculated to be † E = 2.8 kcal/mol . This is very small, in agreement with the experimental analysis of the hydrolysis of trisiloxane rings on the internal pore surface of Type VI a-silica.
The prevention of invasive cancer of the rectum

The results of the 25+ year Cancer Detection Center study, including 20,000 participants and 100,000+ patient-years experience, demonstrate the obviation of appearance of most lower bowel cancers associated with a program of proctosigmoidoscopy and adenomatous polyp removal. Once on a schedule of periodic examinations, study participants developed only a fraction of the anticipated number of rectal cancers; most of the cancers which did develop were detected while at an early stage and with involvement of only the mucosa. Not a single death from lower bowel cancer has occurred among active study participants or for 7+ years following the most recent examination at the Center.
A large-amplitude meander of the shelfbreak front during summer south of New England : observations from the Shelfbreak PRIMER experiment

[1] In order to examine spatial and temporal variability of the shelfbreak front during peak stratification, repeated surveys using a towed undulating vehicle (SeaSoar) are used to describe the evolution of shelfbreak frontal structure during 26 July to 1 August 1996 south of New England. Spatial correlation (e-folding) scales for the upper 60 m of the water column were generally between 8 and 15 km for temperature, salinity, and velocity. Temporal correlation scales were about 1 day. The frontal variability was dominated by the passage of a westward propagating meander that had a wavelength of 40 km, a propagation speed of 0.11 m s -1 , and an amplitude of 15 km (30 km from crest to trough). Along-front geostrophic velocities (referenced to a shipboard acoustic Doppler current profilers) were as large as 0.45 m s -1 , although subject to significant along-front variations. The relative vorticity within the jet was large, with a maximum 0.6 of the local value of the Coriolis parameter. Seaward of the front, a small detached eddy consisting of shelf water was present with a diameter of approximately 15 km. Ageostrophic contributions to the velocity field are estimated to be as large as 0.3 m s -1 in regions of sharp curvature within the meander. These observations strongly suggest that during at least some time periods, shelfbreak exchange is nonlinear (large Rossby number) and dominated by features on a horizontal scale of order 10 km.
Radio frequency heating at 9.4T (400.2 MHz): in vivo thermoregulatory temperature response in swine.

In vivo thermoregulatory temperature response to RF heating at 9.4 T was studied by measuring temperatures in nine anesthetized swine. Temperatures were measured in the scalp, brain, and rectum. The RF energy was deposited using a four loop head coil tuned to 400.2 MHz. Sham RF was delivered to three swine to understand thermal effects of anesthesia (animal weight = 54.16 kg, SD = 3.08 kg). Continuous wave RF energy was delivered to the other six animals for 2.5–3.4 hours (animal weight = 74.01 ± 26.0 kg, heating duration = 3.05 ± 0.29 hours). The whole head specific absorption rate (SAR) varied between 2.71 W/kg and 3.20 W/kg (SAR = 2.93 ± 0.18 W/kg). Anesthesia caused the brain and rectal temperatures to drop linearly. Altered thermoregulatory response was detected by comparing the difference in the temperature slopes before and after the RF delivery from zero. RF heating statistically significantly altered the rate of cooling down of the animal. The temperature slope changes correlated well with the RF energy per unit head weight and heating duration, and the maximum rectal temperature change during heating in heated animals. The temperature slope changes did not correlate well to the whole head average SARs.
Systematics of the average L -shell ionization probability in K -shell ionizing collisions by light ions

The apparent average L-shell ionization probabilities in K-shell ionizing collisions by He, C, O, and Ne ions incident on Al, Si, and Cl targets at relative velocities ranging from 2 to 8.5 have been determined from high-resolution K..cap alpha.. x-ray measurements. These data, in combination with data from previous work, enabled a detailed examination of the dependence of the single K- plus multiple L-shell ionization process on projectile and target atomic number, and on relative velocity. The He-ion-on-Al data are compared with the results of binary-encounter approximation and semiclassical approximation calculations, and a general semiempirical scaling law is deduced for light-ion collisions.
Erythrocytes from Animals with Genetic Muscular Dystrophy

EFFECTS of congenital muscular dystrophy include changes in processes associated with membrane systems of muscle1,2. Moreover, there is evidence that genetic dystrophy in mice, which appears to be a suitable model for the human disease3, is associated with alteration of membrane events occurring in other tissue as well4–8. For example, we have reported altered proton permeability and related functions in liver mitochondria isolated from animals with the disease5. As aberrant membrane permeability could lead to the pathological state of muscle by producing defective excitation coupling, it is interesting to examine other tissues for evidence of systemic membrane dysfunction. We report here surface alterations of erythrocytes from dystrophic mice as revealed by scanning electron microscopy.
The exact numerical calculation of propeller noise

This paper presents a method for computing the acoustic pressure signature of a propeller due to blade thickness and steady surface pressure loading including the effect of forward motion. The tip helical speed is restricted to subsonic. The formulation is based on the Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings exact result concerning the sound generation by moving bodies. The blade surface is described in a helical coordinate system by the blade angles, positions of the leading and trailing edges along the local pitch helix, and the camber and thickness distributions along the chord. The retarded distance of the moving acoustic source on an element of surface area of the propeller blade is obtained numerically by Newton's method. The surface integration over the propeller blades is carried out in the helical coordinate system using a double Gauss-Legendre formula. Good agreement was found between analytic and experimental results, both in the time and frequency domains. Some samples showing the effects of propeller geometry and tip Mach number on the acoustic signature are included.
Constituency influences on legislative policy choice

This paper presented a general formal model of policy choice. The assumptions upon which the model is based are well founded in the literature and generally non-controversial. The model is also one of legislative choice and the consequences derived also speak to significant issues in the study of legislatures: the policy nature of representation, the impact of electoral incentives, and the relationship of legislators to their constituents. In this way, the model unifies two subfields of research—policy and legislative politics—into a general framework. Several important consequences follow formally from the calculus we have presented. Legislators will prefer to select “indirect” forms of policy whenever possible: this preference is for forms of policies which muddle the perception of costs incident to the policy. The legislator's preference for command and control regulatory instruments and for particularistic policies are principal examples of this consequence. The possibilities for melding the advantages of market (or exchange) and political (or authority) control systems are, then, seemingly remote (cf. Lindblom, 1977). The representative system of democracy, and the incentives it provides for legislators, hinder the imposition of market-like incentive system in favor of the more indirect “thumbs, no fingers” mechanisms. Further consequences, that legislators will select policies which benefit groups with high support rates for the legislator, i.e. his primary and re-election constituencies, were derived. A number of these consequences are new and unique. A number have been derived elsewhere, though, through a variety of specific modeling techniques. That all of these consequences follow from this general model developed here is one of the model's principal strengths.
Effect of x-ray tube motion on dental radiographic resolution

X-ray tube movement during intraoral radiography is generally discouraged; however, the effects have not been quantified or reported. A portable x-ray tube head was mounted on the horizontal cross-beam of Instron model 1125 universal testing machine. Precise movement from 0 to 25 mm of oscillation was accomplished in increments of 1 mm. Four test objects were imaged during x-, y-, and z-axis movement of the tube head. Pinhole camera and star test pattern images were used to measure focal spot size for each increment of motion. Images of a resolution plate and a section of dry mandible were used to evaluate levels of resolution objectively and subjectively for each increment of motion. Results indicate that the size of the effective focal spot increases predictably with increasing increments of tube motion accompanied by a corresponding loss of resolution. Movement of the tube along the x- and y-axis relative to the plane of the film produced similar losses of resolution and were much greater than loss associated with z-axis movement.
Intrinsic value in financial markets

This paper identifies three 'folk' arguments for an intrinsic value implicit in the finance literature. The 'hindsight' argument states that if financial assets eventually have a value in the form of realised cash flows, then this reveals an intrinsic value that was always there. The 'Goldilocks' argument states that if there are values that are clearly too high and too low, there must be an intrinsic value between the two that is just right. The 'time-will-tell' argument states that however unstable prices may be in the short-run, in the long-run we can infer an intrinsic value beneath them.
On the HIV Incubation Distribution Under AZT Treatment

Assuming some general models for the HIV epidemic, in this paper this paper I derive the HIV incubation distributions under AZT treatment. It is shown that under some conditions, these probability distributions are mixtures of some generalized Gamma distributions and products of generalized Gamma distributions
Growth and decline of the paper industry: an econometric analysis of US regions

An explanation was sought of the different growth of the paper and paperboard industries in regions of the United States. To that end, a theory of regional demand and supply was formulated. Elasticities of regional production with respect to important supply and demand factors were then calculated by econometric methods, with data for the period 1950–78. These elasticities were used, together with the observed average annual percentage changes of the corresponding variables, to determine the contribution each had on the growth of production. The results indicated that demand was the major factor causing the differences in growth rates. The rapid growth of paper and paperboard production in the regions of the South and West was spurred mostly by high economic and demographic growth in their market area. Supply (cost) factors, and the price of paper substitutes, were found to have played a minor role in comparison.
Finite element simulation of wave propagation in an axisymmetric bar

An accurate solution for high-frequency pulse propagation in an axisymmetric elastic bar is obtained using a new finite element technique that yields accurate non-oscillatory solutions for wave propagation problems in solids. The solution of the problem is very important for the understanding of dynamics experiments in the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). In contrast to known approaches, no additional assumptions are necessary for the accurate solution of the considered problem. The new solution helps to elucidate the complicated distribution of parameters during high-frequency pulse propagation down the bar as well as to estimate the applicability of the traditional dispersion correction used in the literature for the analysis of wave propagation in a finite bar. Due to the dimensionless formulation of the problem, the numerical results obtained depend on Poisson's ratio, the length of the bar and the pulse frequency, and are independent of Young's modulus, the density and the radius of the bar.
Vancomycin disposition following intraperitoneal administration in children receiving peritoneal dialysis

BackgroundLittle information is available on the disposition of vancomycin during chronic peritoneal dialysis (PD) in children. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the dispositio...
Pectin methylesterase, a regulator of pollen tube growth

The apical wall of growing pollen tubes must be strong enough to withstand the internal turgor pressure, but plastic enough to allow the incorporation of new membrane and cell wall material to support polarized tip growth. These essential rheological properties appear to be controlled by pectins, which constitute the principal component of the apical cell wall. Pectins are secreted as methylesters and subsequently deesterified by the enzyme pectin methylesterase (PME) in a process that exposes acidic residues. These carboxyls can be cross-linked by calcium, which structurally rigidifies the cell wall. Here, we examine the role of PME in cell elongation and the regulation of its secretion and enzymatic activity. Application of an exogenous PME induces thickening of the apical cell wall and inhibits pollen tube growth. Screening a Nicotiana tabacum pollen cDNA library yielded a pollen-specific PME, NtPPME1, containing a pre-region and a pro-region. Expression studies with green fluorescent protein fusion proteins show that the pro-region participates in the correct targeting of the mature PME. Results from in vitro growth analysis and immunolocalization studies using antipectin antibodies (JIM5 and JIM7) provide support for the idea that the pro-region acts as an intracellular inhibitor of PME activity, thereby preventing premature deesterification of pectins. In addition to providing experimental data that help resolve the significance and function of the pro-region, our results give insight into the mechanism by which PME and its pro-region regulate the cell wall dynamics of growing pollen tubes.
Blood Drunkenness and the Bloodthirsty Semai: Unmaking Another Anthropological Myth

The Senoi Semai of Malaysia have frequently been cited as examples in the debates over the wellsprings of human violence. Numerous writers have employed selected Semai ethnographic material to support assertions that, their apparent peacefulness notwithstanding, Semai are in reality bloodthirsty killers. This assertion has in turn been used as evidence in support of a variety of approaches whose common thread is a view of aggressiveness and violence as somehow innate in human beings. The authors of this article, whose publications form the basis of most anthropological knowledge of Semai life and culture, draw on their own published and unpublished work as well as on documentation from other sources to refute these interpretations. We hold that Semai life is, as first-hand observers have described it, notably free of interpersonal violence, and we argue that misrepresentations rooted in particular theoretical or philosophical a priori assumptions are scientifically untenable and culturally slanderous.
Detection of a GC/MS Artifact Peak as Methamphetamine

Recently, certain laboratories reported the presence of methamphetamine in several negative urine specimens. We have demonstrated an artifact peak, by SIM GC/MS, in negative urine specimens, that frequently matches the retention time and identity ion ratio criteria for methamphetamine. This peak resulted from the presence of high levels of pseudoephedrine (PS) or ephedrine (EP) and was produced after derivatization with 4-carbethoxyhexafluorobutyryl chloride (CB), heptafluorobutyric anhydride (HFB), and N-trifluoroacetyl-l-prolyl chloride (TFAP). Use of N-methyl trideuterated PS and two deuterated EP compounds in spiked samples provided additional proof that PS and EP can produce the artifact peak. The above results were achieved using a GC injection port temperature of 300 degrees C and low split and isothermal conditions. Thermal transformation in the injector is involved because lowering and raising the injector temperature results in the disappearance and subsequent reappearance of the artifact peak. Proof that the artifact peak is actually methamphetamine was provided by full-scan GC/MS data of the artifact peak produced after use of all three derivatizing reagents. GC/MS analysis has demonstrated that urine (65 specimens) with concentrations of PS or EP ranging from 100,000 to 1,100,000 ng/mL will test negative for methamphetamine, while the same specimens will trigger positive results by radioimmunoassay and the Emit monoclonal assay. Full-scan GC/MS of the CB derivative for PS and EP reveals what appears to be both mono- and diderivatized products. SIM analysis can differentiate between PS and EP in urine specimens because the relative amounts of mono- and diderivatized products are very different for PS than for EP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Reciprocity and Realpolitik: Image, Career, and Factional Genealogies in Provincial Bolivia

In this article, I analyze the persuasiveness of ritual libations in provincial Bolivia as populist spectacles. During an era of extensive national reform, these libations are prototypical definitional performances within a changing regional political arena. I argue for an approach to the contextualization of factional politics that resituates both performance based theories of rhetoric and ethnographic treatments of life histories in a more comprehensively synthetic public interpretive frame. I treat libations as part of a local political process attuned to the perceived truthfulness of personal indexical references in performative frames. The plausibility of sponsors' self-images turns on the potentially conflictual shadings of their public careers, shades often unintentionally generated by such spectacles, [political ritual, popular identity, life histories, indexicals, Bolivia]
Read Together, Talk Together: The Acceptability of Teaching Parents to Use Dialogic Reading Strategies via Videotaped Instruction.

Dialogic reading (DR) is a set of book-sharing strategies that caregivers can use with preliterate children. The strategies involve actively engaging young children and encouraging them to verbalize during shared book reading. There is a substantial research base that describes the benefits of using DR strategies with toddlers and preschool-age children to develop language skills. Recently, a videotaped program, called “Read Together, Talk Together” (RTTT; Pearson Early Learning, 2002) was published. This instructional video teaches adults to use DR strategies with young children. Our research team has begun to examine the acceptability and potential benefits of showing this videotape to caregivers during routine visits to community health centers. The purposes of this brief article are to (a) describe DR strategies and review the DR literature, (b) inform school psychologists about the RTTT video, (c) describe initial pilot data supporting the acceptability of the video to parents and health care staff, and (d) discuss ways school psychologists can incorporate knowledge of DR into their practice. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 43: 71–78, 2006.
Peripheral pulmonary (wedge) arteriography—A standardised technique for the single film arteriogram

Summary Peripheral pulmonary or wedge arteriography, recorded by either single film or cineradiography, is a safe simple procedure by means of which very small pulmonary vessels can be studied in vivo. Arteries with an internal diameter as small as 0.1 mm. can be visualised. A standardised technique for single film radiography is described. When performed in conjunction with drugs and gases, it may be possible to distinguish reversible vascular abnormalities.
FROM EPISTEMOLOGY TO ETHICS: Theoretical and Practical Reason in Kant and Douglass

The aim of this essay is to provide a philosophical discussion of Frederick Douglass's thought in relation to Christianity. I expand upon the work of Bill E. Lawson and Frank M. Kirkland—who both argue that there are Kantian features present in Douglass as it relates to his conception of the individual—by arguing that there are similarities between Douglass and Kant not only concerning the relationship between morality and Christianity, but also concerning the nature of the soul. Specifically, I try to show that the moral weakness of slaveholding Christianity that Douglass attacked is found in the ecclesial formation of the slaveholding Christian church; it is a formation that begins with epistemology, but ignores ethics. I conclude, in part, that both Douglass and Kant reject a Cartesian psychological dualism in favor of a conception of the soul that is more attentive to one's moral development.
Functional characterization of human bitter taste receptors

The T2Rs belong to a multi-gene family of G-protein-coupled receptors responsible for the detection of ingested bitter-tasting compounds. The T2Rs are conserved among mammals with the human and mouse gene families consisting of about 25 members. In the present study we address the signalling properties of human and mouse T2Rs using an in vitro reconstitution system in which both the ligands and G-proteins being assayed can be manipulated independently and quantitatively assessed. We confirm that the mT2R5, hT2R43 and hT2R47 receptors respond selectively to micromolar concentrations of cycloheximide, aristolochic acid and denatonium respectively. We also demonstrate that hT2R14 is a receptor for aristolochic acid and report the first characterization of the ligand specificities of hT2R7, which is a broadly tuned receptor responding to strychnine, quinacrine, chloroquine and papaverine. Using these defined ligand–receptor interactions, we assayed the ability of the ligand-activated T2Rs to catalyse GTP binding on divergent members of the Gα family including three members of the Gαi subfamily (transducin, Gαi1 and Gαo) as well as Gαs and Gαq. The T2Rs coupled with each of the three Gαi members tested. However, none of the T2Rs coupled to either Gαs or Gαq, suggesting the T2Rs signal primarily through Gαi-mediated signal transduction pathways. Furthermore, we observed different G-protein selectivities among the T2Rs with respect to both Gαi subunits and Gβγ dimers, suggesting that bitter taste is transduced by multiple G-proteins that may differ among the T2Rs.
Limits on Population III star formation in minihaloes implied by Planck

Recently, Planck measured a value of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) optical depth due to electron scattering of $\tau=0.066 \pm 0.016$. Here we show that this low value leaves essentially no room for an early partial reionisation of the intergalactic medium (IGM) by high-redshift Population III (Pop III) stars, expected to have formed in low-mass minihaloes. We perform semi-analytic calculations of reionisation which include the contribution from Pop II stars in atomic cooling haloes, calibrated with high-redshift galaxy observations, and Pop III stars in minihaloes with feedback due to Lyman-Werner (LW) radiation and metal enrichment. We find that without LW feedback or prompt metal enrichment (and assuming a minihalo escape fraction of 0.5) the Pop III star formation efficiency cannot exceed $\sim{\rm a~few}\times 10^{-4}$, without violating the constraints set by Planck data. This excludes massive Pop III star formation in typical $10^6 M_\odot$ minihaloes. Including LW feedback and metal enrichment alleviates this tension, allowing large Pop III stars to form early on before they are quenched by feedback. We find that the total density of Pop III stars formed across cosmic time is $\lesssim 10^{4-5}~M_\odot~{\rm Mpc^{-3}}$ and does not depend strongly on the feedback prescription adopted. Additionally, we perform a simple estimate of the possible impact on reionisation of X-rays produced by accretion onto black hole remnants of Pop III stars. We find that unless the accretion duty cycle is very low ($\lesssim 0.01$), this could lead to an optical depth inconsistent with Planck.
The microwave properties of simulated melting precipitation particles: sensitivity to initial melting

Abstract. A simplified approach is presented for assessing the microwave response to the initial melting of realistically shaped ice particles. This paper is divided into two parts: (1) a description of the Single Particle Melting Model (SPMM), a heuristic melting simulation for ice-phase precipitation particles of any shape or size (SPMM is applied to two simulated aggregate snow particles, simulating melting up to 0.15 melt fraction by mass), and (2) the computation of the single-particle microwave scattering and extinction properties of these hydrometeors, using the discrete dipole approximation (via DDSCAT), at the following selected frequencies: 13.4, 35.6, and 94.0 GHz for radar applications and 89, 165.0, and 183.31 GHz for radiometer applications. These selected frequencies are consistent with current microwave remote-sensing platforms, such as CloudSat and the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission. Comparisons with calculations using variable-density spheres indicate significant deviations in scattering and extinction properties throughout the initial range of melting (liquid volume fractions less than 0.15). Integration of the single-particle properties over an exponential particle size distribution provides additional insight into idealized radar reflectivity and passive microwave brightness temperature sensitivity to variations in size/mass, shape, melt fraction, and particle orientation.
Does marketing success lead to market success

Abstract Is the practice of marketing bad for the economy and, therefore, bad for society? This article explores whether market success and marketing success are compatible. First, we examine the concept of “market success” in the context of the dynamic competition perspective of resource–advantage theory, and we argue that successful markets are characterized by competitive processes that lead to five specific outcomes. Second, we examine the nature of marketing, conceptualize it as a kind of firm process, and argue that “marketing success” occurs when organizations develop competences in that process. Third, we examine whether marketing success leads to the five specific outcomes of market success. Fourth, we examine the relationship between marketing success and public policy. Fifth, we show how our approach provides a framework for investigating marketing abuses.
CQML: Aspect-Oriented Modeling for Modularizing and Weaving QoS Concerns in Component-Based Systems

Current domain-specific modeling (DSM) frameworks for designing component-based systems often consider the system's structural and behavioral concerns as the two dominant concerns of decomposition while treating nonfunctional or quality of service (QoS) concerns as an after thought. Such frameworks lack a strong decoupling between the modeling of the system's structural composition and their QoS requirements. This lack of QoS modularization limits (1) reusability of such frameworks, (2) ease of maintenance when new non-functional characteristics are added, and (3) independent evolution of the modeling frameworks along both the structural and non-functional dimensions. This paper describes Component QoS Modeling Language (CQML), which is a reusable, extensible, and aspect-oriented modeling approach that provides strong separation between the structural and non-functional dimensions. CQML supports independent evolution of structural as well as QoS metamodel of composition modeling languages. The join point model of CQML enables declarative QoS aspect modeling and supports automatic weaving of structural changes effected by QoS requirements. We evaluate the capabilities of CQML for a variety of structural modeling languages and provide quantitative results indicating the modeling effort saved in automating the weaving of QoS concerns.
Urban Latino children's physical activity levels and performance in interactive dance video games: effects of goal difficulty and goal specificity.

Results: The multivariate analysis of covariance yielded a significant main effect for the goal-setting condition. Follow-up tests revealed that children who set specific (easy or difficult) goals had significantly greater increased PA levels (mean scores, 10.34 for easy and 22.45 for difficult) and DDR performance (0.011 for easy and 0.67 for difficult) than those in the do-your-best group (0.83 for PA and 0.17 for performance). In addition, children’s increased PA levels in the difficult-goal group were significantly higher than those in the easy-goal group. Conclusions: The easy- and difficult-goal groups show a significant improvement on DDR performance. The difficult-goal group also displays the highest improvement on PA levels. Strategies to enhance children’s DDR performance and PA levels are discussed in relation to the extant goal-setting literature.
Structural modeling issues in flexible systems

This paper has the purpose of bringing to light flexibility modeling aspects in connection with multibody dynamic simulation. Toward this end, an examination is made of fundamental issues that arise when one seeks to formulate equations of motion to be used for the dynamics and control simulation of flexible structures. Comparative analyses between component and system modal discretization techniques are presented in the context of multibody flexible systems.
Silk-based biomaterials

Abstract Silk from the silkworm, Bombyx mori , has been used as biomedical suture material for centuries. The unique mechanical properties of these fibers provided important clinical repair options for many applications. During the past 20 years, some biocompatibility problems have been reported for silkworm silk; however, contamination from residual sericin (glue-like proteins) was the likely cause. More recent studies with well-defined silkworm silk fibers and films suggest that the core silk fibroin fibers exhibit comparable biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo with other commonly used biomaterials such as polylactic acid and collagen. Furthermore, the unique mechanical properties of the silk fibers, the diversity of side chain chemistries for ‘decoration’ with growth and adhesion factors, and the ability to genetically tailor the protein provide additional rationale for the exploration of this family of fibrous proteins for biomaterial applications. For example, in designing scaffolds for tissue engineering these properties are particularly relevant and recent results with bone and ligament formation in vitro support the potential role for this biomaterial in future applications. To date, studies with silks to address biomaterial and matrix scaffold needs have focused on silkworm silk. With the diversity of silk-like fibrous proteins from spiders and insects, a range of native or bioengineered variants can be expected for application to a diverse set of clinical needs.
Touch thresholds as a function of onset and offset stimulation

Touch thresholds for the application of a nylon thread stimulus to the skin were 6–10 times higher than the thresholds for detecting the subsequent removal of the stimulus. This indicates that, contrary to some other reports, the direction of displacement of the skin may indeed affect the touch threshold.
Hidroacanthoma simplex: an ultrastructural study

A non-invasive example of hidroacanthoma simplex that contained focal cellular atypia and abnormal mitoses occurred on the leg of an 80-year-old man. Ultrastructural features included abundant glycogen, peripheral tonofilaments and sparse short desmosomes. Nuclear profiles were smooth and nucleoli were dense and round. Thus, tumor cells were easily distinguished from the surrounding keratinocytes with which they formed short desmosomal junctions.
Does involvement in food preparation track from adolescence to young adulthood and is it associated with better dietary quality? Findings from a 10-year longitudinal study.

Objectives To examine whether involvement in food preparation tracks over time, between adolescence (15–18 years), emerging adulthood (19–23 years) and the mid-to-late twenties (24–28 years), as well as 10-year longitudinal associations between home food preparation, dietary quality and meal patterning. Design Population-based, longitudinal cohort study. Setting Participants were originally sampled from Minnesota public secondary schools (USA). Subjects Participants enrolled in Project EAT (Eating Among Teens and Young Adults)-I, EAT-II and EAT-III (n 1321). Results Most participants in their mid-to-late twenties reported an enjoyment of cooking (73 % of males, 80 % of females); however, few prepared meals including vegetables most days of the week (24 % of males, 41 % of females). Participants in their mid-to-late twenties who enjoyed cooking were more likely to have engaged in food preparation as adolescents and emerging adults (P < 0·01); those who frequently prepared meals including vegetables were more likely to have engaged in food preparation as emerging adults (P < 0·001), but not as adolescents. Emerging adult food preparation predicted better dietary quality five years later in the mid-to-late twenties, including higher intakes of fruit, vegetables and dark green/orange vegetables, and less sugar-sweetened beverage and fast-food consumption. Associations between adolescent food preparation and later dietary quality yielded few significant results. Conclusions Food preparation behaviours appeared to track over time and engagement in food preparation during emerging adulthood, but not adolescence, was associated with healthier dietary intake during the mid-to-late twenties. Intervention studies are needed to understand whether promoting healthy food preparation results in improvements in eating patterns during the transition to adulthood.