cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Networking in the Penumbra: Public Management, Cooptative Links, and Distributional Consequences

Recently, some researchers have begun to emphasize that governance networks can have a “dark” side as well as a relatively benign one. This work thus far has mostly emphasized illegal and violent forms of action. But even networks that operate in accord with the law often include covert, or at minimum difficult-to-observe, ties and pathways of influence. Likewise, managers involved in networking engage in behavior that is only partially observable. They can use their discretion to shape network action in ways that are hard to discern—and therefore analyze. Research on such subjects is limited, and the practical results of such behavior can include lack of accountability as well as inequitable distribution of outputs and outcomes. This article shows that individual network nodes can work to bias the actions of the organization in ways that are likely to benefit the organization's more advantaged clientele. This study reports on tests for differential impacts of managerial interactions of and with various network partners. The argument is supported with an analysis of performance data from 500 organizations over an eight-year period. Networks and managerial networking can generate considerable benefits but can also have a less palatable impact that managers and scholars need to consider seriously.
The HIV Experience: Youth Identified Barriers for Transitioning from Pediatric to Adult Care

Objective The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of youth living with HIV who transitioned from pediatric to adult care. Methods Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with 59 youth (mean age ¼ 22 years) living with HIV about the transition experience, demographics, and health status. Results Of youth who transitioned to adult care, immune function (CD4) trended downward, 45% found the transition more difficult than anticipated, and 32% could not find emotional support services. Youth identified the need for increased continuity of care, assistance with logistics, improved communication with providers and caregivers, and individualized management of their transition process. Conclusion Without adequate preparation, the transition process can be compromised with potentially serious health consequences. Youth living with HIV seek adult providers that can provide developmentally appropriate transition interventions that address loss, disclosure, and sexual behavior along with medical needs.
Endovascular management of arterial intimal defects: An experimental comparison by arteriography, angioscopy, and intravascular ultrasonography

Abstract To determine the feasibility of the endovascular management of intimal defects while comparing the accuracy of arteriography with angioscopy and intravascular ultrasonography, we developed an in vivo model or arterial intimal flaps. In 10 superficial femoral arteries of five anesthetized mongrel dogs, intimal flaps were constructed and then imaged by arteriography, angioscopy, and intravascular ultrasound. A flexible microbiopsy forceps was used to remove each intimal flap under angioscopic guidance. Arteriographic lumen diameters were measured and cross-sectional areas calculated. Corresponding measurements by angioscopy and intravascular ultrasound with reduction in luminal area at the flap were obtained by use of computerized planimetry. Uniplanar arteriography identified 60% (6/10) of the intimal flaps, whereas angioscopy and intravascular ultrasound demonstrated 100%. Lumen diameter (in millimeters) measured by arteriography (3.4 ± 0.6) correlated significantly with measurements by angioscopy (3.5 ± 0.5, r = 0.77) and intravascular ultrasound (3.5 ± 0.6, r = 0.96). Similarly, lumen area (square millimeters) by arteriography (9.2 ± 2.9) correlated with measurements by angioscopy (8.9 ± 2.2, r = 0.82) and intravascular ultrasound (8.6 ± 2.7, r = 0.91). Reduction in lumen area by the flap by angioscopy (37 ± 7%) and intravascular ultrasound (33 ± 8%) also correlated significantly ( r = 0.72). The intimal flaps were removed successfully in all 10 arteries as confirmed by arteriography, angioscopy, and intravascular ultrasound. We conclude that the endovascular management of intimal defects is possible. Additionally, angioscopy and intravascular ultrasound accurately evaluate lumen diameter and area while providing direct assessment of intimal defects. (J VASC SURG 1991;13:496-502.)
Distinct roles for the kidney and systemic tissues in blood pressure regulation by the renin-angiotensin system.

Angiotensin II, acting through type 1 angiotensin (AT1) receptors, has potent effects that alter renal excretory mechanisms. Control of sodium excretion by the kidney has been suggested to be the critical mechanism for blood pressure regulation by the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). However, since AT1 receptors are ubiquitously expressed, precisely dissecting their physiological actions in individual tissue compartments including the kidney with conventional pharmacological or gene targeting experiments has been difficult. Here, we used a cross-transplantation strategy and AT1A receptor–deficient mice to demonstrate distinct and virtually equivalent contributions of AT1 receptor actions in the kidney and in extrarenal tissues to determining the level of blood pressure. We demonstrate that regulation of blood pressure by extrarenal AT1A receptors cannot be explained by altered aldosterone generation, which suggests that AT1 receptor actions in systemic tissues such as the vascular and/or the central nervous systems make nonredundant contributions to blood pressure regulation. We also show that interruption of the AT1 receptor–mediated short-loop feedback in the kidney is not sufficient to explain the marked stimulation of renin production induced by global AT1 receptor deficiency or by receptor blockade. Instead, the renin response seems to be primarily determined by renal baroreceptor mechanisms triggered by reduced blood pressure. Thus, the regulation of blood pressure by the RAS is mediated by AT1 receptors both within and outside the kidney.
Emboldened by Embodiment Six Precepts for Research on Embodied Learning and Mixed Reality

The authors describe an emerging paradigm of educational research that pairs theories of embodied learning with a class of immersive technologies referred to as mixed reality (MR). MR environments merge the digital with the physical, where, for example, students can use their bodies to simulate an orbit around a virtual planet. Recent research supports the idea that body activity can be an important catalyst for generating learning, and new technologies are being developed that use natural human physicality and gesture as input. However, existing research on embodied learning technologies has been disparate, driven largely by specific technical innovations and constraints, and often lacking a clear focus on establishing their efficacy in educational contexts. On the basis of the unique characteristics of these technologies and on their own experiences conducting research in this area, the authors put forth six precepts for embodied learning technology researchers that pertain to the rationale, design, and...
Mathematics for Liberal Arts Students.

I have been developing a course for liberal arts students for many years and it is time to report on these efforts. I found that the process of developing this course changed the way I teach in all courses but in ways that make teaching harder, not easier. And I have had some insights into the reasons why studying mathematics usually doesn't teach students to think. First some history. Near the end of the spring 1975 semester, a student who had taken finite math from me the semester before hailed me as I walked across the campus and asked, "Hey Doc, guess what?" "What?" I responded. He said, "It's been a semester since I took the course and I haven't seen a Markov chain yet." The first thing that popped into my mind was, "Yeah, kid, and I bet you never do." But I never shared that with him. Instead, I responded with some statements about how generally useful Markov chains were, and about how he would know what was being talked about if anyone who worked for him used them. I didn't give him any of the "training the mind" justifications because I knew him and I knew he would never buy that. He grudgingly accepted what I said and walked away, but I knew I had to change the course. I remembered the saying that your education was what was left after you threw away your notes and forgot everything you ever knew. In his case, what would be left? I couldn't find much. He and many other students had taken the course with utilitarian goals in mind. But except for some linear programming and the elementary algebra it required, I doubt they ever used anything in the course while they were undergraduates. And once they left? It seemed to me that the small number of people who might have contact with a small number of these topics at some distant time in no way justified all this effort by so many people. Groping for a solution to this dilemma, I used Mathematics, A Human Endeavor, by Harold R. Jacobs, in both semesters of the '75-'76 year. I began reading Polya's How to Solve It, Mathematics and Plausible Reasoning, and Mathematical Discovery, as well ,as Wayne Wickelgren's How to Solve Problems. I noticed that mathematicians often referred to each other as "investigators," so in the spring semester I assigned a term paper, which was to be an "investigation" of one of the questions on a list I handed out. This meant that if the student could not answer the question, then the investigation would be the partial results obtained. If the question could be answered, then any other questions that arose as a result also had to be pursued. This "Written Investigation" is an assignment I have made ever since. One student wrote a paper on, "Is it possible to place 9 chips on a table in such a way that they form 10 lines with exactly 3 chips on each line?" Interpreting "chips" and "table," to be "points" and "plane," respectively, he looked at a 3 by
On sharing unique reagents

Last April, Dr Jonathan Phillips and his colleagues, all employees of Hoffmann–La Roche, submitted a letter to the editor to the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology entitled ‘‘House dust mite models: will they translate clinically as a superior model of asthma?’’ The crux of this letter was that ‘‘mice topically sensitized with house dust mite extract will develop an allergen-induced acute bronchoconstriction that is mediated by mast cells and 5-HT.’’ As the associate editor assigned this Letter, I suggested that the authors extend their work by using IgEdeficient or FceRIa-deficient mice to determine whether their model depended on IgE/FceRI-dependent mast cell activation and indicated that the letter would be sent for external review only if this information were provided. The authors responded by notifying me that they could not comply with this request because ‘‘the cost from Harvard for a commercial organization to [obtain] the FceRI mice from JAX was $20,000, which we could not afford, especially now as our site.is due to be closed shortly.’’ The authors also pointed out that their letter reported basic research that was unrelated to the commercial interests of their employer. Subsequent contacts with the relevant office at Harvard confirmed the authors’ information and failed to obtain a reduction in the licensing fee. Consequently, the Journal dropped its requirement for the requested experiment. The letter was externally reviewed and eventually accepted without the desired additional information. This case report raises several questions that do not have easy answers. To what extent should academic institutions, nonprofit research organizations, and for-profit companies be required to provide unique research reagents, including mice, to other
Perioperative management of patients with DiGeorge syndrome undergoing cardiac surgery.

Objective: DiGeorge syndrome is a genetic disorder with multisystem involvement resulting in craniofacial and cardiac anomalies and parathyroid and immune system dysfunction. This study describes perioperative management of a large cohort of patients with DiGeorge syndrome undergoing cardiac surgery. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Major academic tertiary institution. Participants: The medical records of patients diagnosed with DiGeorge syndrome and undergoing cardiac surgery at this institution, from January 1, 1976, to July 31, 2012, were reviewed for phenotypic characteristics and intraoperative and postoperative complications, with specific attention to hemodynamic instability, perioperative perturbations of plasma calcium homeostasis, and airway difficulty. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: Sixty-two patients underwent 136 cardiac surgical procedures; 47 patients (76%) had multiple operations. Sternotomies for reoperations often were complex (8 complicated by vascular injury or difficulty achieving hemostasis and 5 requiring bypass before sternotomy). Two patients had persistent hypocalcemia intraoperatively, requiring infusion of calcium chloride, and hypocalcemia developed postoperatively in 8 patients. Prolonged mechanical ventilation (424 hours) was required after 48 procedures (35%), and 25 (18%) required prolonged inotropic support (472 hours). Infectious complications occurred after 31 procedures (23%). There was no inhospital or 30-day mortality. Conclusions: Patients with DiGeorge syndrome often have complex cardiac anomalies that require surgical repair. The postoperative course is notable for the frequent need for prolonged respiratory and hemodynamic support. Patients can develop hypocalcemia and may require calcium supplementation. Immunodeficiencies may be associated with the increased rate of postoperative infections and may dictate the need for specific transfusion management practices.
Deriving Mixed-Phase Cloud Properties from Doppler Radar Spectra

Abstract In certain circumstances, millimeter-wavelength Doppler radar velocity spectra can be used to estimate the microphysical composition of both phases of mixed-phase clouds. This distinction is possible when the cloud properties are such that they produce a bimodal Doppler velocity spectrum. Under these conditions, the Doppler spectrum moments of the distinct liquid and ice spectral modes may be computed independently and used to quantitatively derive properties of the liquid droplet and ice particle size distributions. Additionally, the cloud liquid spectral mode, which is a tracer for clear-air motions, can be used to estimate the vertical air motion and to correct estimates of ice particle fall speeds. A mixed-phase cloud case study from the NASA Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cloud Layers- Florida Area Cirrus Experiment (CRYSTAL-FACE) is used to illustrate this new retrieval approach. The case of interest occurred on 29 July 2002 when a supercooled liquid cloud layer based at 5 km ...
Two component signal transduction systems that regulate the temporal and spatial expression of Myxococcus xanthus sporulation genes

When starved for nutrients, Myxococcus xanthus produces a biofilm that contains a mat of rod-shaped cells, known as peripheral rods, and aerial structures called fruiting bodies, which house thousands of dormant and stress-resistant spherical spores. Because rod-shaped cells differentiate into spherical, stress-resistant spores and spore differentiation occurs only in nascent fruiting bodies, many genes and multiple levels of regulation are required. Over the past 2 decades, many regulators of the temporal and spatial expression of M. xanthus sporulation genes have been uncovered. Of these sporulation gene regulators, two-component signal transduction circuits, which typically contain a histidine kinase sensor protein and a transcriptional regulator known as response regulator, are among the best characterized. In this review, we discuss prototypical two-component systems (Nla6S/Nla6 and Nla28S/Nla28) that regulate an early, preaggregation phase of sporulation gene expression during fruiting body development. We also discuss orphan response regulators (ActB and FruA) that regulate a later phase of sporulation gene expression, which begins during the aggregation stage of fruiting body development. In addition, we summarize the research on a complex two-component system (Esp) that is important for the spatial regulation of sporulation.
Measurement of Ensemble TRPV1 Ion Channel Currents Using Droplet Bilayers

Electrophysiological characterization of ion channels is useful for elucidation of channel function as well as quantitative assessment of pharmaceutical effects on ion channel conductance. We used droplet bilayers to measure ensemble ion channel currents from membrane preparations made from TRPV1-expressing HEK cells. Conductance measurements showed rectification, activation by acid and capsaicin, and inhibition by capsazepine, SB 452533, and JNJ 17293212. We also quantitatively measured concentration-dependent inhibition of channel conductance through determination of capsazepine IC50 in agreement with previously published studies using patch clamp. These results, combined with the reduced apparatus and material requirements of droplet bilayers, indicate that this platform could be used for study of other physiologically relevant ion channels.
Continuous Optimization

This paper presents a hardware-based dynamic optimizer that continuously optimizes an applicationýs instruction stream. In continuous optimization, dataflow optimizations are performed using simple, table-based hardware placed in the rename stage of the processor pipeline. The continuous optimizer reduces dataflow height by performing constant propagation, reassociation, redundant load elimination, store forwarding, and silent store removal. To enhance the impact of the optimizations, the optimizer integrates values generated by the execution units back into the optimization process. Continuous optimization allows instructions with input values known at optimization time to be executed in the optimizer, leaving less work for the out-of-order portion of the pipeline. Continuous optimization can detect branch mispredictions earlier and thus reduce the misprediction penalty. In this paper, we present a detailed description of a hardware optimizer and evaluate it in the context of a contemporary microarchitecture running current workloads. Our analysis of SPECint, SPECfp, and mediabench workloads reveals that a hardware optimizer can directly execute 33% of instructions, resolve 29% of mispredicted branches, and generate addresses for 76% of memory operations. These positive effects combine to provide speed ups in the range 0.99 to 1.27.
Further Enhancement by Tryptophan of Hepatic Protein Synthesis Stimulated by Phenobarbital or Cortisone Acetate

SummaryThis study was concerned with the effect of the administration of tryptophan on hepatic polyribosomes and protein synthesis in rats in which hepatic protein synthesis was already enhanced by the administration of phenobarbital or cortisone acetate. Previously it has been demonstrated that tryptophan has a stimulatory effect on hepatic protein synthesis of fasted or hepatotoxin-treated animals. The present study revealed that tryptophan administration to rats that have had hepatic protein synthesis enhanced by treatment with phenobarbital (1–3 days) or cortisone acetate (14 hr) further stimulated hepatic polyribosomes toward heavier aggregation and hepatic protein synthesis (in vitro).
Diet Affects Insemination and Sexual Activity in Male Phormia regina (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

A proieinaceous diet is essential for male black blow fly, Phormia regina (Meigen), to successfully inseminate females and can be obtained naturally from feces or gleba. Sugar-fed males inseminate a low percentage of females (8-14%) compared with liver-fed males (>75%). If, however, liver-deprived males are kept with liver-fed females for 24 h, males are able to obtain their dietary requirement for mating by feeding on female feces or vomit spots. Using a fluorescent dye mixed with the beef-liver diet fed to females, it was demonstrated that nonliver-fsd males consume feces or vomit spots from these flies. If liver-deprived, either sex will exhibit licking behavior, which is directed only at liver-fed flies. This behavior to acquire an essential component from the liver diet may have been the original function of the anal-genital licking behavior observed in several species of Drosophila and is now part of their courtship ritual.
Breaking the silence or using it to speak? An exploration of silence as a literary device in four Harki narratives:

In their extremely diverse collecto-biographies, Rahmani, Besnaci-Lancou, and Kerchouche systematically attempt to break both the institutional and paternal silence that has scarred the Harki community in French and Algerian society for nearly half a century. These renowned female writers struggle to give voice to a misunderstood and marginalised group of people that still continue to suffer the devastating effects of ethnocentrism, ignorance and acute poverty on both sides of the Mediterranean. Conversely, in the absence of a space for public discourse that would directly address an open wound that is still visible in contemporary society, the relatively unknown short story L’Enfant de sous le pont by the 2008 Nobel Laureate in Literature, J. M. G. Le Clezio, uses silence as a communicative filter to expose the diasporic trauma of first-generation Harkis.
Leuprolide acetate and bone mineral density measured by quantitative digitized radiography

Quantitative digitized radiography uses low-energy photons to measure bone density with precision not available in older techniques. Using this method, lumbar spine density was evaluated in 12 women before and after 6 months of therapy with LA. A 2.9% decrement in mean bone density was documented. The reproducibility of quantitative digitized radiography suggests that this small degree of bone mineral loss is a real phenomenon and not an artifact of measurement. The clinical significance of this degree of bone mineral loss has yet to be established.
Youth as Interviewers: Methods and Findings of Participatory Peer Interviews in a Youth Garden Project:

The process of conducting peer interviews has not been widely reported on as a participatory method. Youth gardens are known to support individual and community health and well-being. Producing for...
Tracing Disciplinary Networks, Visualizing Futures: Analyzing Four Decades of Technical Communication Scholarship through Bibliometric Displays

In this paper, I explore the use of bibliometric data pulled from technical communication journals to visualize citation networks from 1972 to present. In turn, this process identifies key terms and trends in scholarship, illuminating how communities of knowledge and practice have been fostered in the field. This process also helps display institutional collaboration and engagement. Conversely, these visualizations also suggest how these communities of knowledge and practice have left many unaddressed gaps in 44 years of research. The findings of this study suggest that, while the field has thoroughly applied the topics of rhetoric, discourse, language, author and audience in relation to pedagogy and what those terms can offer classrooms, more classroom-based research is needed to demonstrate pedagogical practices and learning in the field of technical communication. Further, technical communication researchers have not yet outlined the efficacy of rhetorical pedagogy in relation to student learning and engagement in technical communication classrooms, despite advocating for its importance to students and future practitioners. As a result, I argue that the study of citation networks can provide technical communicators with a means to both evaluate the field's history and shape its future trajectory.
The Politics of Pain Medicine: A Rhetorical-Ontological Inquiry, by S. Scott Graham

If I were to attempt to summarize S. Scott Graham’s formidable volume The Politics of Pain Medicine: A Rhetorical-Ontological Inquiry with the briefest of pithy quotes from within its pages, I migh...
Decreasing the quality factor of an electrically small electric dipole through an increase in effective volume

Electrically small antennas are generally presumed to exhibit high impedance mismatch (high VSWR), low efficiency and high quality factor (Q); and therefore narrow operating bandwidth. For an electric or magnetic dipole antenna there is a fundamental lower bound for the quality factor, which is determined as a function of the antenna's maximum physical dimensions [1]. In this work, the quality factor of an electrically small electric dipole is reduced through an increase in the antenna's effective volume. A self-resonant, electrically small electric dipole antenna is presented that exhibits an impedance near 50 Ohms, an efficiency in excess of 95% and a quality factor that is within 1.5 times the fundamental lower bound at ka less than 0.27.
Secular chaotic dynamics in hierarchical quadruple systems, with applications to hot Jupiters in stellar binaries and triples

Hierarchical quadruple systems arise naturally in stellar binaries and triples that harbour planets. Examples are hot Jupiters (HJs) in stellar triple systems, and planetary companions to HJs in stellar binaries. The secular dynamical evolution of these systems is generally complex, with secular chaotic motion possible in certain parameter regimes. The latter can lead to extremely high eccentricities and, therefore, strong interactions such as efficient tidal evolution. These interactions are believed to play an important role in the formation of HJs through high-eccentricity migration. Nevertheless, a deeper understanding of the secular dynamics of these systems is still lacking. Here we study in detail the secular dynamics of a special case of hierarchical quadruple systems in either the `2+2' or `3+1' configurations. We show how the equations of motion can be cast in a form representing a perturbed hierarchical three-body system, in which the outer orbital angular momentum vector is precessing steadily around a fixed axis. In this case, we show that eccentricity excitation can be significantly enhanced when the precession period is comparable to the Lidov-Kozai oscillation time-scale of the inner orbit. This arises from an induced large mutual inclination between the inner and outer orbits driven by the precession of the outer orbit, even if the initial mutual inclination is small. We present a simplified semi-analytic model that describes the latter phenomenon.
Establishment and genomic characterization of primary salivary duct carcinoma cell line

Abstract Objectives To develop and characterize in vitro salivary duct carcinoma as a surrogate for functional studies. Materials and methods Cells were dispersed from tumor tissue fragments under sterile conditions in RPMI media. Disassociated cells were cultivated, immortalized with hTERT and propagated for more than 100 passages. Morphologic, linage, cytogenetic and genomic analyses were performed on different passages of cell line and primary tumor. Soft agar growth was performed. Results Analysis of cytomorphologic features, growth characteristics and lineage specific markers expression confirmed the epithelial derivation and the neoplastic nature of the cell line. DNA STRs analysis showed identical match of both cell line and primary tumor. Cultivated cells expressed Androgen Receptor (AR), PTEN, and EFGR proteins and the AR-V7 isoform transcript. Comparative exome-sequencing identified common mutated genes in both cell line and primary tumor. In-vitro colony formation of late passages is established. Conclusion We report the development of the first human salivary duct carcinoma cell line (MDA-SDC-04) that retains critical biological and genomic features of the donor tumor.
As an Adjunct to Mechanical Oral Hygiene, Essential Oil-containing Mouthwash, Compared to Floss, Cetylpryidinium Chloride, or Placebo may be more Effective in Reduction of Plaque and Gingitivitis.

Article Title and Bibliographic Information Essential oils-containing mouthwashes for gingivitis and plaque: Meta-analysis and meta-regression. Haas AN, Wagner TP, Muniz FWMG, Fiorini T, Cavagni J, Celeste, RK. J Dent 2016;55:7-15. Source of Funding No specific funding for this systematic review Type of Study/Design Meta-analysis and meta-regression
Third‐Party State Domestic Politics and Conflict Management During Interventions into Civil Conflicts*

Objective When do third-party states engaged in military support of civil war governments resort to conflict management, such as negotiation or mediation, with rebels? Current research underemphasizes the role of third-party state domestic conditions as precipitating the resort to conflict management. To do so, we formulate two explanations linking third-party state domestic politics to conflict management with rebels: (1) gambling for resurrection, in which a weak third-party state leader eschews conflict management in the pursuit of a victory that will rehabilitate his or her political survival; and (2) cutting losses, in which a weak third-party leader resorts to conflict management to reduce the domestic political costs associated with continued fighting. Method We identify a sample of 32 civil conflicts during the 1960–2004 period in which a third-party state deploys troops to defend a central government against a rebellion. We code the timing of negotiation and mediation offers between the third-party and the rebels. We then rely on third-party state economic conditions as a barometer of the political survival that shapes the third-party's resort to conflict management. Results A logit analysis supports the cutting losses expectation that third-party states seek conflict management when political survival at home is at risk. Conclusion The analysis underscores the necessity of incorporating the domestic politics of third-party states in studies of interventions into civil wars and conflict management attempts therein.
Recent Advances in Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Tetrasubstituted Olefins.

The asymmetric hydrogenation of tetrasubstituted olefins provides direct access to very useful biological molecules and intermediates. The development of the technology has been slow, due in part to the synthetic challenges involved in developing chiral catalysts for a successful asymmetric induction. We briefly recount the breakthroughs in functionalized and unfunctionalized tetrasubstituted olefins, from the reports of Zhou and Buchwald for functionalized and unfunctionalized substrates, respectively, to the advent of chiral phosphoramidite ligands. The main emphasis of this Perspective lies in bringing into focus the complexity and challenges of inducing an asymmetric reduction for these substrates, which includes a brief discussion of the mechanism, the latest developed chiral catalysts, and the enormous scientific opportunities that still exist in developing “go to” catalyst systems for the various substrate types.
Assessing the Flipped Classroom

Effective assessment serves several functions. It measures student learning, provides students feedback on how to improve their learning, and provides the instructor information on how to improve their teaching. This chapter discusses best practices for conducting assessments of daily class objectives and the course goals of the flipped classroom. An emphasis is placed on assessing a broad range of learning goals, not just information typically assessed on tests and examinations. The chapter also provides practical advice on how to embed assessment into daily class activities and identifies valid measures which can be used to assess key aspects of six broad learning domains (e.g. creativity, critical thinking, self-regulation).
Kumamoto Earthquake and Animal Rescue

This chapter “Kumamoto Earthquake and Animal Rescue” examines the plight of the animals and animal rescue in the wake of the Kumamoto Earthquake that shook the southwestern region in April 2016, and studies whether the Japanese government and people learned lessons from Fukushima, as well as from the Mid-Niigata Prefecture Earthquake of October 2004.
Development of a joint evolutionary model for the genome and the epigenome

Background: Interspecies epigenome comparisons yielded functional information that cannot be revealed by genome comparison alone, begging for theoretical advances that enable principled analysis approaches. Whereas probabilistic genome evolution models provided theoretical foundation to comparative genomics studies, it remains challenging to extend DNA evolution models to epigenomes. Results: We present an effort to develop ab initio evolution models for epigenomes, by explicitly expressing the joint probability of multispecies DNA sequences and histone modifications on homologous genomic regions. This joint probability is modeled as a mixture of four components representing four evolutionary hypotheses, namely dependence and independence of interspecies epigenomic variations to sequence mutations and to sequence insertions and deletions (indels). For model fitting, we implemented a maximum likelihood method by coupling downhill simplex algorithm with dynamic programming. Based on likelihood comparisons, the model can be used to infer whether interspecies epigenomic variations depend on mutation or indels in local genomic sequences. We applied this model to analyze DNase hypersensitive regions and spermatid H3K4me3 ChIP-seq data from human and rhesus macaque. Approximately 5.5% of homologous regions in the genomes exhibited H3K4me3 modification in either species, among which approximately 67% homologous regions exhibited sequence-dependent interspecies H3K4me3 variations. Mutations accounted for less sequence-dependent H3K4me3 variations than indels. Among transposon-mediated indels, ERV1 insertions and L1 insertions were most strongly associated with H3K4me3 gains and losses, respectively. Conclusion: This work initiates a class of probabilistic evolution models that jointly model the genomes and the epigenomes, thus helps to bring evolutionary principles to comparative epigenomic studies.
Row Crop Sensitivity to Low Rates of Foliar-Applied Florpyrauxifen-benzyl

In a greenhouse experiment, soybean, cotton, corn, grain sorghum, and sunflower were subjected to 1/10 (3 g ai ha-1), 1/100 (0.3 g ai ha-1), or 1/500 (0.06 g ai ha-1) of the 1X rate of florpyrauxifen-benzyl. Visible injury 14 days after treatment (DAT) was the greatest with soybean (96%) when exposed to the highest drift rate of 1/10x or 3 g ai/ha-1 of florpyrauxifenbenzyl and was significantly higher than all other crops and drift rates. Cotton and sunflower were also injured 85 and 83%, respectively, by the 1/10x rate but had less injury when a 1/100x or 1/500x rate was applied (injury ranging from 9 to 33%). It was concluded that the negative effects on soybean, cotton, and sunflower primarily resulted from exposure to the highest rate tested (1/10x) and only soybean expressed negative effects even at the lower rate of 1/100x. A field study was also conducted to (1) evaluate the sensitivity of soybean to low concentrations of florpyrauxifen-benzyl during vegetative and reproductive development and (2) compare soybean injury and yield following applications of florpyrauxifen-benzyl and dicamba across various growth stages and concentrations. Soybean plants were treated with 1/10, 1/20, 1/40, 1/80, 1/160, 1/320, or 1/640 of the 1X rate of florpyrauxifen-benzyl (30 g ai/ ha-1) or dicamba (560 g ae ha-1) at the V3 and R1 growth stage. Florpyrauxifen-benzyl applied at a rate of 1/10 to 1/40X caused foliar injury and subsequent height reduction. In comparison, dicamba applied at the same rates caused slightly less injury and growth reductions. As rate of florpyrauxifen-benzyl decreased from 1/10 to 1/640X, the level of soybean injury dissipated rather quickly. However, this was not the case with dicamba, as substantial injury was observed with rates as low as 1/640X.Nomenclature: Florpyrauxifen-benzyl; common sunflower, Helianthus annuus L; corn, Zea mays L.; cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L.; sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench ssp. arundinaceum (Desv.) de Wet & Harlan; soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr
Bacteriocin-like inhibition of Bacillus subtilis by an indigenous reed bed bacterium

This study investigates the application of constructed wetlands as a means of breaking the environmental pathogen cycle during wastewater treatment. We report an experimental reed bed bacterial isolate, found to exhibit inhibitory action against a strain of Bacillus subtilis.
Web application security tutorial

Web application development is a large and growing area of employment for computer science graduates. While our graduates have learned how to design and implement web applications that work correctly with expected inputs, few have learned how to design and implement software that is secure against common web application vulnerabilities. The most common security vulnerabilities in software are cross-site scripting, SQL injection, and PHP include bugs. All three problems are web application vulnerabilities. These vulnerabilities can allow attackers to access applications without permission, obtain sensitive information like credit card or social security numbers, and steal merchandise or transfer funds from commercial web sites. The number of vulnerabilities discovered each year has increased at an exponential rate since 2000. In this tutorial, we will describe how attackers exploit common web application vulnerabilities and show live demonstrations of such attacks. We will show participants how to teach their students to design and write secure code that is immune to these attacks. The tutorial will present resources that participants can use to incorporate web application security into programming, database, web development, and information security courses.
Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation of Bridges

This paper summarizes the status of nondestructive testing and evaluation practice and techniques for bridge inspection in the United States. The main content is based on several recent conferences held on this subject.
EXTRAPOLATING PHOTOLYSIS RATES FROM THE LABORATORY TO THE ENVIRONMENT

Assessing the sunlight photoreactivity of new pesticides has become common- place in the last decade in recognition of the effects the sun has on the dissipation rate of organic chemicals and their transformation products in various environmental compartments. Several reviewers have summarized research dealing with both the kinetic aspects (Zepp and Cline 1977, Smith et al. 1977, Zepp 1979 and 1980, Zepp and Baughman 1978) and the photoproduct distributions (Sundstrom and Ruzo 1978, Crosby 1979. Moilanen et al. 1975).
Experimental acute and chronic viral hepatitis. Effect of antithymocyte globulin.

Antithymocyte globulin (ATG) significantly increased the mortality of mice with experimental acute viral hepatitis due to reovirus type 3 or murine hepatitis virus type 3 infection. In other experiments it converted a subclinical hepatitis to an overt illness with significant mortality. The clinical course of experimental chronic hepatitis induced by reovirus type 3 was not influenced by the administration of antithymocyte globulin. Bilirubinuria was detected throughout the acute and chronic phases both in treated and in untreated mice. The livers of mice receiving ATG during acute hepatitis showed more extensive hepatocellular necrosis and mononuclear cell infiltration than those receiving virus without ATG. In contrast, in chronic hepatitis the degree of hepatocellular necrosis and inflammatory reaction in the livers of mice was not altered by ATG. Fibrosis, but not cirrhosis, was found in the chronic phase. Viral isolation attempts were successful throughout the acute phase but not in the chronic phase. Complement-fixation, immunodiffusion, and immunoelectrophoretic techniques failed to demonstrate evidence of circulating antiliver antibody in the sera of mice having chronic hepatitis.
Patient attitudes toward oncofertility care in male cancer patients receiving targeted and immune therapies.

e21593Background: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have resulted in durable response for many cancer patients. The impact of these agents on future fertility ...
Nathan Roth, M.D.: “The Aim of Psychoanalytic Therapy”

In 1955, psychoanalytic theory and therapy reached their zenith of popularity in the United States, with a relatively well-established consensus as to what constituted psychoanalytic technique and process. From today's perspective, Roth's paper illustrates how much psychoanalysis and psychotherapy have evolved since the 1955 model. The emphasis then was on the goal of achieving "happiness," which was seen as being based on the achievement of "truth"; the importance of drive theory; the impact of a punitive, restrictive, and oppressive superego inhibiting the individual's capacities to exercise his abilities in the pursuit of happiness; and the role of the analyst as making information available to the patient through interpretation. Roth describes the origin of the superego as the internalization of the parental demands, values, and obligations that inevitably has "some detrimental influence upon the originality and spontaneity of the child" (p. 516). He also emphasizes that the somatic channel, be it oral, muscular, visual, etc., affords the child the most satisfaction for the prohibited instinctual impulse. It is being conceived as the channel through which the prohibition becomes incorporated into the superego. Roth has not yet recognized the role of the child's fantasy and the child's own aggression and envy projected onto the parents in the formation of superego function. The somatic route of internalization would, today, not be emphasized so specifically, and concepts of superego function today include the balancing positive aspects of superego values and the existence of benign, loving and rewarding superego capacities. Throughout the paper, the emphasis is on a "one-person" focus of the patient's psychopathology and psychic function, and the idea of the interactional two-person process of today has not yet evolved. Emphasis is on the imparting of understanding through the analyst's interpretations and interventions, and the patient making use of them to alter behavior. The paper presents a brief case vignette focused primarily on the patient and his psychopathology, and the explanation of the patient's distress and symptoms is discussed around the issues of infantile masturbation as the patient's major source for expressing and discharging instinctual tensions. Roth posits that a most important factor in keeping the patient from fully deploying his intellectual abilities and executive talents was the muscularly transmitted authoritarian image prohibiting infantile masturbation. He concludes that in order to rediscover happiness, the patient had to be steered in the direction of much greater permissiveness and total dissolution of some portions of the infantile superego. In today's formulation of the psychoanalytic process, the role of superego is one of many components. …
Multicenter Comparison of Nonsupine Versus Supine Positioning During Intubation in the Emergency Department: A National Emergency Airway Registry (NEAR) Study.

Objective Head-up positioning for preoxygenation and ramping for morbidly obese patients are well-accepted techniques, but the effect of head-up positioning with full torso elevation for all intubations is controversial. We compared first-pass success, adverse events, and glottic view between supine (SP) and nonsupine (NSP) positioning for emergency department (ED) patients undergoing orotracheal intubation. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data for ED intubations over a 2-year period from 25 participating centers in the National Emergency Airway Registry (NEAR). We compared characteristics and outcomes for adult patients intubated orotracheally in SP and NSP positions with either a direct or video laryngoscope. We report odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for categorical variables and interquartile ranges with 95% CI for continuous variables. Our primary outcome was first-attempt intubation success and secondary outcomes were glottic views and peri-intubation adverse events. Results Of 11,480 total intubations, 5.8% were performed in NSP. The NSP group included significantly more obese patients (OR = 2.2 [95% CI = 1.9-2.6]) and patients with a suspected difficult airway (OR = 1.8 [95% CI = 1.6-2.2]). First-pass success (adjusted OR = 1.1 [95% CI = 0.9-1.4]) and overall rate of grade I glottic views (OR = 1.1 [95% CI = 0.9-1.2]) were similar between groups while NSP had a significantly higher rate of grade I views when direct laryngoscopy was employed (OR = 1.27 [95% CI = 1.04-1.54]). NSP was associated with higher odds of any adverse event (OR = 1.4 [95% CI = 1.1-1.7]). Conclusions ED providers utilized SP in most ED intubations but were more likely to use NSP for patients who were obese or in whom they predicted a difficult airway. We found no differences in first-pass success between groups but total adverse events were more likely in NSP. A randomized trial comparing patient positioning during intubation in the ED is warranted.
Nanoparticle delivery of microRNA-146a regulates mechanotransduction in lung macrophages and mitigates lung injury during mechanical ventilation

ABSTRACT During mechanical ventilation, injurious biophysical forces exacerbate lung injury. These forces disrupt alveolar capillary barrier integrity, trigger proinflammatory mediator release, and differentially regulate genes and non-coding oligonucleotides such as microRNAs. In this study, we identify miR-146a as a mechanosensitive microRNA in alveolar macrophages that has therapeutic potential to mitigate lung injury during mechanical ventilation. We used humanized in-vitro systems, mouse models, and biospecimens from mechanically ventilated patients to elucidate the expression dynamics of miR-146a that might be required to decrease lung injury during mechanical ventilation. We found that the endogenous increase in miR-146a following injurious was relatively modest and not sufficient to prevent lung injury. However, when miR-146a was highly overexpressed using a nanoparticle-based delivery platform in vivo, it was sufficient to prevent lung injury. These data indicate that the endogenous increase in microRNA-146a during MV is a compensatory response that only partially limits VILI and that nanoparticle delivery approaches that significantly over-express microRNA-146a in AMs is an effective strategy for mitigating VILI.