cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interventional Radiology: Interventions and Techniques in Trauma

The purpose of the review was to describe how interventional radiology procedure contribute in the management of the trauma patient, distinguish the situations where evidence has demonstrated improved outcomes with its use, acknowledge the limitations and controversies of the techniques and their place on management algorithms, and mention some particular situations where, despite lack of evidence, the procedures are commonly employed. CT seems to be a better indicator of significant vascular injury with the associated high risks when compared to a discordant negative conventional angiogram. Empiric embolization of the injured segments might improve outcomes in these settings. Finding a subcapsular splenic hematoma in CT is an independent risk factor associated with high rates of NOM failure. Prophylactic interventions are recommended, even in low grade splenic injuries, when a subcapsular splenic hematoma is present. In liver trauma, the injured liver is more susceptible to ischemic injury from arterial embolization with subsequent infarct, biloma, and abscess formation. When needed, angio-embolization should be performed as selective as possible. Subsequent surveillance for ischemic liver injury complications should be instated and, if required, timely therapeutic interventions considered. The initial CT scan findings of “contrast blush” and high-grade solid organ injury are some of the best early predictors for failure of the non-operative management (NOM) in the trauma patient. Endovascular interventions improve the outcomes of NOM when clinical or imaging findings indicate a high risk for continued or delayed hemorrhage. Angio-embolization improves the outcomes of unstable hemorrhagic pelvic fractures and is useful as complement of damage control surgeries or when the surgical interventions fail to control vascular injuries.
Plasmonic resonances of silver nano-particles

Silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) have unique optical, electrical, and thermal properties that are being incorporated into products ranging from optical communication devices and photovoltaics to biological, DNA and other chemical sensors. The optical properties of silver nanoparticles are strongly influenced by their shape, size, distribution, and surrounding environment. One of the main challenges is to maximize the coupling efficiency of incident radiation into plasmonic resonances. In this paper, we present a method to optimize the selection of mono-dispersed Ag NPs size and the wavelength of incident radiation to enhance coupling efficiency. The results are supported by experimental measurements of optical properties of mono-dispersed silver nanoparticles.
Label-Free Quantification by Data Independent Acquisition Mass Spectrometry to Map Cardiovascular Proteomes

The large-scale identification and quantification of proteins by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC MS) can be achieved by at least three general methods, categorized into targeted, data independent (DIA), and data dependent (DDA) acquisition modes. Each acquisition strategy has its own set of benefits and drawbacks, and the methods serve complementary purposes for the study of protein quantification in biological samples. While not specific to research in cardiovascular physiology, a long-standing but recently popularized proteomic approach, termed Data Independent Acquisition Mass Spectrometry (DIA-MS), promises unique strengths to complement and extend the existing capabilities of traditional “discovery” proteomic profiling by combining development of a peptide library and DIA-MS. In this chapter we will provide background on the DIA-MS technique, highlighting its fundamental differences relative to other mass spectrometry methods, and discuss important considerations for researchers interested in implementing this technique for their proteomic experiments.
Local languages, global networks: Mobile design for minority language users

Minority and indigenous languages have a complex relationship with contemporary communication media. Social media, in particular, provide new venues for language use and revitalization, but also subject minority languages to inhibiting technological and social pressures. The present study contributes to a better understanding of social media and language use dynamics via an analysis of a survey of Irish language users (n=617) and their sociotechnical contexts. We develop a typology of social, linguistic, and technical factors that provide a theoretical and analytical foundation for future work. A complex interplay of social and technical factors impact minority language use in social media, and we suggest potential interaction design strategies for language activists and technologists to promote more effective engagement.
What Modern Mammals Teach About the Cellular Composition of Early Brains and Mechanisms of Brain Evolution

What were early mammalian brains made of—How many neurons? How many glial cells? In what proportions across brain structures—and how to determine that in the absence of fossil brain tissue? It turns out that the systematic examination of the cellular composition of the brains of modern mammals reveals a series of universal patterns and clade-specific rules behind the making of the major brain structures that allow, using the principle of parsimony, the inference of what early mammalian brains were made of, and what types of changes have led to the generation of great diversity in mammalian brain evolution.
Talking after school: Parents' conversational styles and children's memory for a science lesson.

Abstract A scientist taught 40 4- to 6-year-old children an interactive science lesson at school. The same day, children talked about the lesson at home with a parent who was naive to the details of what had transpired at school. Six days later, a researcher interviewed children about objects, activities, and concepts that were part of the lesson. Aspects of parents’ conversational style (e.g., open-ended memory questions, descriptive language) predicted how much information children provided in talking with them, which in turn predicted children’s memory performance 6 days later. The findings suggest that elaborative parent–child conversations at home could boost children’s retention of academic information acquired at school even when parents have no specific knowledge of what children have experienced there.
A Simulation Based Analysis of the Oligomeric Plasticity of Sm Protein Assemblies

RNA-associated Sm proteins can be found in all three domains of life. In eukarya, Sm proteins are well-studied in connection with their roles mRNA splicing. In bacteria, the Sm protein Hfq acts as an RNA chaperone, playing vital roles in mRNA-sRNA annealing and RNA-based regulatory networks. In archaea, the functional roles of Sm proteins remains an open question. Sm proteins assemble into cyclic oligomers of 5, 6, 7, or 8 subunits, and the assemblies can be either homo- or heteromeric. Bacterial Sm proteins have only been found as homo-hexamers, while eukaryotic Sm proteins typically assemble into hetero-heptamers. Archaeal Sm proteins have been found as homomeric hexamers, heptamers, and octamers. Despite this variation in quaternary structure, all Sm monomers exhibit nearly identical tertiary structures. How can this be? What is the origin of this oligomeric plasticity, if not encoded in the monomer? We have used a systematic array of molecular dynamics simulations to examine the interfaces between Sm subunits, and have developed several quantitative relations that link the results of dimer simulations to the behavior of complete rings. The simulations reveal that Sm oligomers are remarkably flexible. Sm dimers can adopt multiple conformations, and Sm rings are distinctly asymmetric. In particular, the octameric ring of an Sm-like archaeal protein deforms drastically, and dimers of that protein appear to adopt a non-Sm-like tertiary structure. For a dimer of the E. coli Sm protein, our simulations show one monomer twisting nearly fifteen degrees from its position in the crystal structure. The surprising flexibility of Sm oligomers may be related to the dynamical effects of RNA binding and we are currently investigating these effects in a variety of Sm systems.
Occupational Poison Ivy and Oak Dermatitis

Among the growing and diverse groups of outdoor and environmental workers, poison ivy and poison oak continue to be the major cause of occupational contact dermatitis. This article reviews the practical and theoretic means to prevent poison ivy and poison oak dermatitis in workers occupationally exposed to these weeds.
Trends in NMR chemical shifts of d0 transition metal compounds

Abstract NMR chemical shifts of d0 transition metal compounds show the following trends: (1) For single-bonded ligands such as M-H, M-CR3, M←NR3, M-SiR3 and M←PR3, 1H, 13C, 15N, 29Si and 31P shifts of these α atoms in the complexes of both first- and third-row transition metals are typically downfield from (or at higher frequencies than) those of second-row analogs with a “V-shape” (Trend 1). (2) For multiple-bonded ligands including those with d-p π bonds, such as M=CHR, M≡CR, M=NR, M=O and M F, 13C, 15N, 17O and 19F shifts of the α atoms in the complexes of first-, second- and third-row transition metals move consecutively upfield (or to lower frequencies) (Trend 2). NMR shifts of lanthanum(III) complexes help interpret Trend 1 in Group 3 congeners. Scandide (d-block) and lanthanide (f-block) contractions and relativistic effects are believed to contribute to the NMR shifts, leading to the observed trends. Comparisons are made with NMR chemical shifts of dn complexes and organic compounds. Since many chemical properties of the second- and third-row congeners such as Zr and Hf are similar, as a result of lanthanide contraction, the NMR chemical shifts are a rare property to distinguish compounds of the otherwise nearly identical congeners. The current paper points out the trends with our narrative interpretations of the trends.
Use of Relative Ratio to analyze Donor Specific Antibody – One center’s experience

Aim To determine whether the use of Relative Ratio (RR) calculations would prove to be a better analysis for Donor Specific Antibody (DSA) testing as opposed to the currently used MFI cutoffs. The RR calculation is thought to standardize Single Antigen tests from one run to another and allow for comparison and monitoring of trends. Methods A retrospective analysis of 12 post-transplant patients who were identified as having specific DSA detected a minimum of 3 times was conducted using the following RR calculation (presented by Deborah Crowe at the 2010 ASHI Regional Meeting): Negative Background (NBG) Ratio ∗ 100/Positive/Negative Ratio. All tests were performed using One Lambda Single Antigen Luminex kits. Results Of the 12 patients, 6 had Class I DSA and 7 had Class II DSA, based on a MFI cutoff of 1500. Cutoffs for RR have not been established for our lab, however a great variability in RR values was seen within the same patients’ tests when looking at specific DSA beads. Some patients demonstrated an expected result of high RR values at the onset of DSA that decreased as antibody reduction treatment was given to the patient, also evidenced by changes in MFI values, while others showed no such patterns. A comparison of a sample of this data can be seen in Figs. 1 and 2. Download full-size image Download full-size image Conclusions We feel that the use of Relative Ratio is a no more effective means of analyzing DSA than our current MFI-based analysis, and in some cases is less useful. The additional technologist time necessary to establish cutoffs for the lab, then re-analyze each DSA test as it is run does not make this method one we are considering adopting when our current protocol for analyzing DSAs produces satisfactory results for our patients and transplant program.
RNA metabolism in neurodegenerative disease

Aging-related neurodegenerative diseases are progressive and fatal neurological diseases that are characterized by irreversible neuron loss and gliosis. With a growing population of aging individuals, there is a pressing need to better understand the basic biology underlying these diseases. Although diverse disease mechanisms have been implicated in neurodegeneration, a common theme of altered RNA processing has emerged as a unifying contributing factor to neurodegenerative disease. RNA processing includes a series of distinct processes, including RNA splicing, transport and stability, as well as the biogenesis of non-coding RNAs. Here, we highlight how some of these mechanisms are altered in neurodegenerative disease, including the mislocalization of RNA-binding proteins and their sequestration induced by microsatellite repeats, microRNA biogenesis alterations and defective tRNA biogenesis, as well as changes to long-intergenic non-coding RNAs. We also highlight potential therapeutic interventions for each of these mechanisms.
The brain, sirtuins, and ageing

In mammals, recent studies have demonstrated that the brain, the hypothalamus in particular, is a key bidirectional integrator of humoral and neural information from peripheral tissues, thus influencing ageing both in the brain and at the 'systemic' level. CNS decline drives the progressive impairment of cognitive, social and physical abilities, and the mechanisms underlying CNS regulation of the ageing process, such as microglia-neuron networks and the activities of sirtuins, a class of NAD+-dependent deacylases, are beginning to be understood. Such mechanisms are potential targets for the prevention or treatment of age-associated dysfunction and for the extension of a healthy lifespan.
The performance of the 8.4 MW modulator/regulator power systems for the electron cyclotron heating facility upgrade at DIII-D

The DIII-D National Fusion Facility at General Atomics is completing the upgrade of its electron cyclotron heating (ECH) capability from the previous 3 MW at 110 GHz to 6 MW of generated microwave power. 1 An 8.4 MW modulator/regulator (M/R) power system has been designed and constructed. 2 Surplus hardware that was acquired from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) Mirror Fusion Test Facility (MFTF program) was used as part of the design foundation. The power system, with a nominal output of -80 kV and 80 A, can supply a pair of gyrotrons with up to 10 second long pulses that may or may not be modulated. The modulator/regulator was designed about the BBC CKQ200-4 tetrode, which was the key component acquired from the LLNL program. In order to meet the performance goals of the program, substantial design modifications were needed to be made on the grid driver amplifier and the closed-loop feedback regulator circuits. 3 Also, a newly designed crowbar switch system, featuring a high speed, thyratron-like triggered gas switch, was implemented. The modulator/regulator performance to date has been demonstrated as having <0.06% peak-to-peak ripple and square wave modulation of 50% amplitude at 2 kHz. The key features of the design of the power system and its performance will be presented in this paper.
Electron Stability and Negative-Tetron Luminescence in Free-Standing Colloidal n-Type CdSe/CdS Quantum Dots

We examine the effects of CdS shell growth on photochemical reduction of colloidal CdSe quantum dots (QDs) and describe the spectroscopic properties of the resulting n-type CdSe/CdS QDs. CdS shell growth greatly slows electron trapping. Because of this improvement, complete two-electron occupancy of the 1Se conduction-band orbital is achieved in CdSe/CdS QDs and found to be much more stable than in past experiments. Simultaneous photoluminescence at two different energies is now observed from QDs possessing two excess conduction-band electrons, reflecting competing recombination of discretized 1Se and 1Pe conduction-band electrons within photogenerated four-carrier negative tetrons (three electrons and one hole). Stable occupancy of the 1Pe level is not achievable under these conditions, and possible reasons are discussed. The stability and accessibility of these multielectron configurations, and the facile spectroscopic detection of negative tetrons, both make photodoped core/shell QDs attractive for exp...
Art therapy improves mood, and reduces pain and anxiety when offered at bedside during acute hospital treatment

Abstract Art therapists can engage medical inpatients in the creation of art to encourage emotional and physical healing. Utilizing a chart review, the impact of art therapy sessions at the bedside with patients (N = 195) in a large urban teaching hospital was reviewed. The sample was predominantly female (n = 166) as more women than men agreed to participate in an art therapy session. As a routine part of regular clinical practice patients were asked to rate their perception of mood, anxiety, and pain using a 5-point faces scale before and after an art therapy session conducted by a registered art therapist. Multiple diagnoses were included in this chart review, making this study more representative of the variety of medical issues leading to hospitalization. Analysis of pre and post results demonstrated significant improvements in pain, mood, and anxiety levels of art therapy sessions for all patients regardless of gender, age, or diagnosis (all p
Fiber-Reinforced Hot-Mix Asphalt: Idaho Case Study:

This paper presents the findings of a research study to determine the benefits of fiber-reinforced asphalt mixtures used to mitigate distresses observed in the field. Control asphalt mixture test sections were constructed on US-30 in Idaho, along with fiber-reinforced asphalt mixture test sections. Three types of fibers were evaluated: Fiber 1 (i.e., aramid and polyolefin fiber), Fiber 2 (i.e., wax-treated aramid fiber), and Fiber 3 (i.e., glass fiber). Several laboratory tests were conducted on laboratory-prepared test samples and extracted field cores. The laboratory tests included dynamic modulus, flow number, Hamburg wheel-track test, indirect tensile test, creep compliance, and semicircular bending, in addition to performance evaluation with AASHTOWare Pavement ME Design software. The laboratory results showed no significant improvement to the properties of asphalt mixtures at the fiber content recommended by the manufacturer. However, the performance of asphalt mixtures did improve at a fiber dosage...
Pregnancy and delivery with an intrauterine device in situ: outcomes in the National Inpatient Sample Database

Background: Pregnancy with intrauterine device in place is rare and there are limited data that exist regarding associated perinatal outcomes.Objective: The objective of this study is to determine ...
Reversible thoracic myelopathy after surgical decompression and removal of paddle neurostimulator lead and encasing fibrosis: Technical video case report

Abstract Spinal cord stimulation is an established and safe technique for the treatment of medically refractory and chronic pain. Electrodes or paddle leads can be used for stimulation. Most complications reported are related to hardware insertion, and the devices are otherwise usually well tolerated. There have been several reports of epidural fibrosis formation around the leads with varying degrees of spinal cord compression, but no descriptions of the technical treatment of these lesions, or of patient outcome after surgery. We describe the interesting case of an 85-year-old woman with a thoracic spinal cord stimulator implanted 8 years prior to presenting with a 5-month history of bilateral lower extremity weakness, and myelopathic signs on exam, as well as intractable thoracic pain. Her CT Myelogram revealed significant epidural fibrosis around her thoracic paddle lead with compression of her spinal cord. After surgical removal of the lead and the surrounding fibrosis, she recovered her lower extremity function and her thoracic pain improved. This is an uncommon complication of spinal cord stimulator lead or paddle placement, but can carry a clinically significant impact. Unusual fibrotic scar formation around paddle or percutaneous leads should be suspected in patients experiencing worsening axial pain with decreasing relief from their spinal cord stimulator, especially in the context of progressive myelopathic symptoms.
Metabolomics Research in Chronic Kidney Disease.

Metabolomics, the systematic analysis of small molecules present in a biologic specimen, is an increasingly useful tool for research in CKD.[1][1] Ongoing methodologic improvements have expanded the capabilities of metabolomics platforms. Untargeted (or nontargeted) methods now simultaneously detect
Cross-Modal Attribute Transfer for Rescaling 3D Models

We present an algorithm for transferring physical attributes between webpages and 3D shapes. We crawl product catalogues and other webpages with structured metadata containing physical attributes such as dimensions and weights. Then we transfer physical attributes between shapes and real-world objects using a joint embedding of images and 3D shapes and a view-based weighting and aspect ratio filtering scheme for instance-level linking of 3D models and real-world counterpart objects. We evaluate our approach on a large-scale dataset of unscaled 3D models, and show that we outperform prior work on rescaling 3D models that considers only category-level size priors.
Restauratio and Reuse: The Afterlife of Roman Ruins

Restauratio and Reuse: The Afterlife of Roman Ruins Philip Jacks As sustainability becomes ever more critical to the archi- tectural profession, it is worth noting that the practice of recycling has a long history. Perhaps nowhere is this so richly documented as in Rome—both for the abundance of its classical ruins and the fact that over many centuries it was really two cities—one pagan, the other Christian. As the institutions of imperial Rome gradually gave way to the urbs sacra, their physical vestiges had to be reappropriated. At times, this process occurred with little thought as to symbolic meaning; at others, the effect was quite conscious. Only by the sixteenth century, however, did some- thing approximating “adaptive reuse,” grounded in a set of design criteria, appear. Renaissance architects did not look upon classical antiquities solely as models for imitation. Their objective was to critically analyze these remains and assimilate their forms into new typologies. Their projects—some executed, some known only from drawings—hold many lessons for contemporary design- ers seeking to reuse and recontextualize the architectural forms of modern cities. Traffic in Spolia during Classical Times One of the earliest and most celebrated instances of recycling sits on the Akropolis, in Athens. After the Per- sians laid siege to the city in 470 BC, citizens salvaged the charred column drums and metopes from the Parthenon, then in its early stages of construction. Eventually, the blocks of that older temple became the matrix for the one we know today. The genius of Iktinos was to retrofit old with new into a single proportional system so refined that it eluded the notice of archaeologists until the last century. Above: Porticus of Octavia (view of interior pediment from Severan restoration). Opposite: Arch of Constantine, south facade. Jacks / Restauratio and Reuse
Bering Sea-Aleutian Arc, Alaska

The Aleutian Island Arc forms part of the northern boundary of the Pacific Ocean, stretching from the Alaska Peninsula in the east to the Kamchatka Peninsula in the west (Fig. 1). The islands of the arc are located on the crest of a large ridge that follows the same trend as the islands. South of the Aleutian Ridge is the Aleutian Trench, which again connects from south of the Alaska Peninsula in the east through to the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench in the west. The trench is about 3400 km from end to end.
Modeling and Analysis of Strain Effects on Thermoelectric Figure of Merit in Si/Ge Nanocomposites

In this chapter, strain effect on the thermoelectric figure of merit is investigated in n-type Si/Ge nanocomposite materials. Strain effect on phonon thermal conductivity in the nanocomposites is computed through a model combining the strain-dependent lattice dynamics and the ballistic phonon BTE. The Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity of the Si/Ge nanocomposites are calculated by an analytical model derived from the Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) under the relaxation-time approximation. The effect of strain is incorporated into the BTE through strain-induced energy shift and effective mass variation calculated from the deformation potential theory and a degenerate k ⋅ p method at the zone-boundary X point. Electronic thermal conductivity is computed from electrical conductivity by using the Wiedemann–Franz law. Various strains are applied in the transverse plane of the Si/Ge nanocomposites. Thermoelectric properties including thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, and dimensionless figure of merit are computed for Si/Ge nanocomposites under these strain conditions.
Relief from Water Hammer

Water hammer is still a "bugbear" to water works men. It seems to be forever with us in causing breakage and leaks in the distribution system. It is of concern to the superintendent because his service of supply is closely allied with the work of architects, engineers, and plumbers in making satisfactory distribution systems in buildings. Stresses are set-up in the pipes, control devices and modern appurtenances connected to the piping system. These items, in general, are not designed for shock or water ram. Nuisances due to noises become apparent, often more so as the age of the installation increases or modern quick closing valves are installed. Fixtures and piping sometimes have to be taken out of service at inconvenient times. Decorations, plastering, and floors and stocks may be spoiled because of leakage. Opening of joints in pipe lines; slitting of house service laterals; increased stress on valve bonnets, packing glands and hydrant valves all increase losses of water and cost of maintenance. Breaks due to water hammer occasionally have caused property damage by flooded basements and temporary loss of service of this portion of the structure. It is therefore not unusual that we find reported in the technical press certain indications that the first work on water hammer took place in water works distribution systems. Eminent engineers and scientists have continued investigations on the phenomenon of water hammer whenever practicable. The investigations have beeu spurred on since the classic works of J. M. Michaud, 1878, Hugonoit, 1887, Joukovsky, 1898, Râteau, 1900, and Lorenzo Allievi, 1903, A symposium on water hammer arranged by the A.S.M.E. Committee on water hammer was held at Chicago in 1933 under joint auspices of the A.S.M.E. and the A.S.C.E. This symposium developed a most comprehensive summary of the reported theory and its
Iterative Schemes for Parallel Sn Algorithms in a Shared-Memory Computing Environment

Several two-dimensional spatial domain partitioning Sn transport theory algorithms are developed on the basis of different iterative schemes. These algorithms are incorporated into TWOTRAN-II and t...
Sebaceous carcinoma arising within an ovarian mature cystic teratoma: A case report with discussion of clinical management and genetic evaluation.

Abstract Sebaceous carcinomas are rare tumors, with the majority of described cases occurring within the eyelid. To date, there are nine documented reports of sebaceous carcinoma arising within a mature cystic teratoma of the ovary. Although the majority of cases originate from idiopathic mutations, there exists a strong association between this rare tumor and hereditary syndromes of DNA mismatch repair deficiency, such as Lynch syndrome and the lesser-known Muir-Torre syndrome. Here we present the case of a 67 year-old woman with a longstanding history of a small left ovarian cyst with sonographic features of an ovarian dermoid. After nine years, the left adnexal mass was noted to have enlarged, and she underwent a laparoscopic bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. The final pathology was reported as sebaceous carcinoma arising within a mature cystic teratoma. The patient underwent subsequent surgical staging and has been followed for eight months without evidence of disease. This report includes a review of the current literature, as well as a brief discussion of the clinical management of women with sebaceous carcinoma arising within a mature teratoma. Additionally, we comment on the broader, hereditary significance of a diagnosis of sebaceous carcinoma, and use this case to demonstrate the thorough histologic and genetic evaluation that is recommended for patients diagnosed with this rare tumor.
Sex and number of concussions influence the association between concussion and musculoskeletal injury history in collegiate athletes.

OBJECTIVES Examine the association between concussion and lower extremity injury in collegiate athletes and the influence of sex and the number of concussions on this relationship. METHODS A total of 468 collegiate student-athletes (200 Males, 268 Females) were recruited from collegiate athletic facilities of three universities to participate in this retrospective review. Participants provided injury history (concussions, ankle sprains, and knee injuries) information through a survey. Chi-square tests and odds ratios examined the relationship between concussion and ankle sprain or knee injury history within each sex and based on concussion history (0, 1, >1). RESULTS Females athletes with a concussion history had greater odds of reporting an ankle sprain or knee injury compared to females with no concussion history (OR = 1.88-2.54; p ≤ 0.020). Male athletes with a concussion history did not have greater odds of reporting an ankle sprain or knee injury. Athletes reporting multiple concussions had the greatest odds of ankle sprain or knee injury history compared to athletes with no previous concussions (OR = 2.43-2.56; p ≤ 0.004). No differences were identified between athletes with a single or multiple concussion history. CONCLUSION Female athletes with a concussion history or participants with a multiple concussion history had the greatest odds of reporting an ankle or knee injury history compared to athletes with no concussion history.
Advancements in Pattern Coloration for Jacquard Woven Tapestry Fabrics

Designing Jacquard fabrics is a very creative and technical process that is dependent upon the ability of the textile designer to be able to combine aesthetic sensibility with a strong knowledge of the technology of materials, textile design, color and fabric production machinery. Jacquard weaving provides the opportunity for designing an enormous number of complex pictorial and other patterning effects using combinations of warp colors, filling colors and integrated weaves. In Jacquard woven fabrics, the structural creation of shapes and images is relatively easy, but accurate control of color rendering of intimately blended pre-colored yarns is a critical and difficult-to-control attribute. Multiple trials are often required for successful color reproduction in order to match the original artwork. This is a very time consuming and costly process. Integration of CAD systems with Jacquard weaving technologies over the years has revolutionized the entire design process. Computer simulation has definitely aid in designating particular structural colorations, but accurate color rendering using CAD systems is still challenging. The use of colorimetry has helped to achieve better reproducibility and accuracy in the shade matching of the textile products. However, no commercial system is available for accurate color imaging of Jacquard weave designs without first making the structural color effect in prototype form. In this paper, a review is done on the available CAD systems used in woven fabric industry, and research to-date related to automation in jacquard designing and coloration. Based on the review, a systematic approach to integrate the most suitable geometric and color model is proposed as an add-on feature/tool for any CAD system. This add-on feature/tool will assist the designers to accurately predict the final color for these complex woven Jacquard woven structure without creating any samples, and there-by help in reducing the sampling cost, increase the accuracy and productivity.
Vision and ocular health at a World War II internment camp

Archaeological and archival data from a World War II internment camp where a predominantly Japanese American population was incarcerated offers a glimpse into the United States government’s complia...
How a Year of Clinical Experience Affects Students’ Perspectives About the Supervision They Need to Perform Entrustable Professional Activities

Assessment of entrustable professional activities (EPAs) requires a supervisor to determine a learner’s need for supervision to perform the tasks. This study examines medical students’ perspectives, after completing their core clerkships, about the supervision they need to perform tasks defined by the core EPAs for entering residency. Compared with assertions at the start of the clerkship year, on retrospective self-assessment, students reported needing higher levels of supervision predominantly for activities commonly done during clinical rotations. Students remain confident in their ability to perform tasks with autonomy in the post-clerkship phase, however, raising concern about their abilities to discern limitations and appropriately request supervision.
TCT-231 Prognosis of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Versus Optimal Medical Therapy in the Treatment of Chronic Total Coronary Occlusion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Chronic total coronary occlusion (CTO) management remains a challenge. Several studies have reported the benefits of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in CTO. However, the outcomes of PCI versus optimal medical therapy (OMT) are still controversial. We comprehensively searched the databases
Microstructural Investigation of the Impact Weld Interface of Pseudo Single Grained Cu and Ag

The microstructure of the impact weld interface of pseudo single grained copper and silver is investigated. Electron backscattered diffraction shows severe plastic deformation at the weld interface and suggests that the cooling rate of the interface is fast enough to avoid conventional eutectic lamellar structure in localized melted zones. Scanning transmission electron microscopy, along with nano-diffraction and compositional analysis, demonstrates that impact welding can achieve metallurgical bonding in the solid-state without forming an amorphous structure.
Two-Stage Exchange Arthroplasty for Periprosthetic Joint Infection Following Total Hip or Knee Arthroplasty Is Associated With High Attrition Rate and Mortality

Abstract Background We sought to determine the ultimate fate of patients undergoing resection arthroplasty as a first stage in the process of 2-stage exchange and evaluate risk factors for modes of failure. Methods A retrospective case study was performed including all patients with minimum 2-year follow-up who underwent first-stage resection of a hip or knee periprosthetic joint infection from 2008 to 2015. Patient demographics, laboratory, and health status variables were collected. The primary outcome analyzed was defined as failure to achieve an infection-free 2-stage revision. Univariate pairwise comparison followed by multivariate regression analysis was used to determine risk factors for failure outcomes. Results Eighty-nine patients underwent resection arthroplasty in a planned 2-stage exchange protocol (27 hips, 62 knees). Mean age was 64 years (range, 43-84), 56.2% were males, and mean follow-up was 56.3 months. Also, 68.5% (61/89) of patients underwent second-stage revision. Of the 61 patients who complete a 2-stage protocol, 14.8% (9/61) of patients failed with diagnosis of repeat or recurrent infection. Mortality rate was 23.6%. Multivariate analysis identified risk factors for failure to achieve an infection-free 2-stage revision as polymicrobial infection (P Conclusion Patients undergoing resection arthroplasty for periprosthetic joint infection are at high risk of death (24%) and failure to complete the 2-stage protocol (32%). Those who complete the 2-stage protocol have a 15% rate of reinfection at 4.5-year follow-up.
Kaluza-Klein Theory and the Positive Energy Theorem

These lecture notes deal with two topics that I believe are closely related. The first topic is the Kaluza-Klein theory — an old approach to unification of gauge fields with general relativity which is now more interesting than ever. The second topic is the positive energy theorem. It is relevant to Kaluza-Klein theory because it has a bearing on the question of what determines the stable ground state of general relativity; that is the key question that underlies the Kaluza-Klein theory.
Chapter 272 – Zoraptera

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the Zoraptera, smallest insect orders with only 35 living species and 10 more known from fossils. Zorapterans superficially resemble termites (Isoptera) and bark lice (Psocoptera) and they are classified near or within these groups. Individuals are typically less than 4 mm in body length excluding their antennae and live in small colonies. The most readily noticeable traits of the order are the expanded hind femora that bear stout spines on their ventral surface, the presence of only two tarsomeres (the basal most of which is greatly reduced in size), and paddle-shaped wings with reduced venation that are shed by an ill-defined basal fracture. Although Zorotypus species are gregarious and live in small colonies, they evidently do not distinguish between individuals from the same colony and introduced vagrants. Isolated individuals do not survive. Zorapterans spend much of their time grooming either themselves or other individuals. Zorapteran colonies at times can be found in wood or sawdust piles at lumber yards, owing to their relatively minute colony sizes, general scarcity, and apparent minimal ecological impact, it is unlikely that they will ever be considered of any economic importance.
Support Stability of Spike Deconvolution via Total Variation Minimization

Spike deconvolution is an inverse problem aiming at recovering point sources from their convolution with a point spread function (PSF). The stability of this problem in the presence of noise is long known to be closely related to the separation between those sources. It is therefore essential to characterize the resolution limit above which the point sources can be stably recovered from a given estimator, without spurious or missing sources from the estimate. In this paper, we establish the resolution limit above which the Beurling-LASSO estimator can stably recover two point sources, and show that the limit depends only on the PSF. Our result highlights the impact of PSF on the resolution limit in the noisy setting, which was not evident in previous studies of the noiseless setting. We further confirm our findings by comparing the theoretical limit with the empirical performance of the Beurling-LASSO estimator.
Analysis on the epidemiological situation of soil-transmitted nematode infections at the monitoring spot of Chongqing from 2006 to 2010

Objective To understand infection status and epidemic law of soil-transmitted nematode infections in Chongqing.Methods The stool samples of the residents at monitoring spot of Chongqing were collected and examined for Ascaris lumbricoides,Trichuris trichiura and hookworms with modified Kato-Katz thick smear "one stool specimen-three slides" from September to November during 2006-2010,and adhesive cellophane anal swab method was applied additionally for examining the eggs of Enterobius vermicularis in children aged 3-12.Ten soil samples were collected for microscopic examination on fertilized or unfertilized Ascaris eggs and the living ability of fertilized Ascaris eggs was determined.Results The total of 5 071 persons were investigated from 2006 to 2010 and the annual infection rates were 5.79％,13.52％,16.63％,8.62％and 2.81％ showing a declined tendency (x2=3.65,P ＜ 0.01).The infection rates of females were higher than males in 2007 and 2008 (x2=4.66,P ＜ 0.05;x2 =25.29,P ＜ 0.01).The infection rate of 5-year-old was in the highest level in 2006 and 2010.In 2010 the infection rate of 50-year-old was in the highest level.The ancylostomiasis and Ascaris were the major soil transmitted nematode diseases.The infection rates of Enterobius vermicularis were not significantly different between boys and girls.It showed a declined tendency in pinworm infection in girls(x2=16.36,P ＜ 0.01)while it showed no difference in boys(x2=8.45,P ＞ 0.05).The positive rates of Ascaris eggs in soil samples were 52.5％,37.5％,17.5％,30.0％ and 20.0％ showing a declined tendency (x2 =16.36,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion According to the 5 years monitoring,the infection rate of soil-transmitted nematodes was declined,but health education and mass chemotherapy should be enhanced continuously. Key words: Nematode infection ; Soil-transmitted nematode disease ; Monitoring spot ; Analysis
New approach for measuring interconnectivity of fission gas pores in nuclear fuels from 2D micrographs

In this work, we developed a simple and easily reproducible method to measure the interconnectivity of fission gas pore phases in irradiated nuclear fuels. The formation, growth and interconnection of fission gas pores contribute to the release of fission gases from the fuel meat to the fuel cladding resulting in swelling, delamination, pillowing and potential failure. The developed interconnectivity measurement tool can be used to investigate the degree of the interconnectivity of fission gas pores irradiated U–Mo fuels solely using backscattered electron micrographs. The calculated fission gas pore interconnectivity is related to the fission density and fission gas pore size. Between 4.45 × 1021 and 6.23 × 1021 fissions cm−3 inclusive, the rate of increase in the porosity with fission density is almost 4 × the rate of fission gas pore interconnectivity. This evidence reveals that as the fission gas pores form and grow, they do not become interconnected immediately. These findings can help inform computational models to predict fuel behavior in reactor environments.
Surgeons Maintain Better Focus Working 12-Hour Shifts Compared to 24-Hour Calls.

Background In this quality improvement project, we analyzed surgeon focus and attention utilizing a visual tracking device. We hypothesized that surgeons maintained better focus working 12-hour shifts compared to 24-hour calls. Materials and Methods A prospective, quality improvement project was performed on surgery residents, medical students, and attending physicians working at a busy, tertiary referral, safety-net hospital with Level 1 trauma and burn centers. A visual tracking system was used to measure visual attention before and after a 12-hour, in-house shift and a 24-hour, surgical in-house call. A pupil tracker was utilized to measure attention impairment. Individual performance was rated on a scale of 0 to 6: Severely Impaired- 0; Impaired- 1; Low Average- 2; Average- 3; Above Average- 4; High Average- 5; Superior- 6. Data were analyzed for homogeneity. The Wilcoxon Ranked Sum was used to assess for statistically significant differences between focus scores in the same group of individuals before and after shifts and/or calls. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare differences in focus between 12 and 24 hour in-house shifts and/or calls. Results A total of 21 surgeons provided a total of 61 visual tracking tests for analysis. Results were found to be nonhomogeneous. The project population was 46% men with a median age of 31 years IQR (28-33). General surgery residents accounted for 48 tests, medical students for 2, and attending surgeons for 11. Average hours of self-reported sleep before the shift/call was 6 (IQR; 6-7). There was almost no overall change in focus in individuals before and after a 12-hour, in-house shift −0.06 (SD 1.9), while after a 24- hour, in-house call, focus decreased by almost 2 full grades −1.8 (SD 1.6) (p = 0.013). There was no statistically significant difference in focus found between 12-hour day shift and 12-hour night shift. Conclusions Twelve-hour shifts appear to preserve focus in surgeons better compared with 24- hour, in-house calls. More research is needed to establish the optimal time of surgeon focus maintenance and shift duration.
Spoken narrative comprehension for young adult listeners: effects of competing voices and noise.

OBJECTIVE To examine the influence of competing voices or noise on the comprehension of spoken narratives for young adults. DESIGN First, an intelligibility assessment of the target narratives was conducted to establish a signal-to-noise ratio ensuring accurate initial speech recognition. Then, narrative comprehension for two target types (fixed and varied target talker) was measured in four listening conditions (quiet, one-talker speech, speech babble, speech-shaped noise). After hearing target narratives in each listening condition, participants completed a visual recognition memory task that assessed the comprehension of the narrative materials at three levels of representation (surface form, propositional, event model). STUDY SAMPLE Seventy adults (18-32 years of age). RESULTS Narrative comprehension results revealed a main effect of listening condition at the event model level, indicating poorer narrative memory of described situations for all noise conditions compared to quiet. Increased positive responses to thematically consistent but situationally "wrong" memory probes drove this effect. No other significant effects were observed. CONCLUSION Despite near-perfect speech recognition, background noise negatively influenced aspects of spoken narrative comprehension and memory. Specifically, noise did not disrupt memory for what was said (surface form and propositional memory), but only memory for what was talked about (event model memory).
An epidermal patch for the simultaneous monitoring of haemodynamic and metabolic biomarkers

Monitoring the effects of daily activities on the physiological responses of the body calls for wearable devices that can simultaneously track metabolic and haemodynamic parameters. Here we describe a non-invasive skin-worn device for the simultaneous monitoring of blood pressure and heart rate via ultrasonic transducers and of multiple biomarkers via electrochemical sensors. We optimized the integrated device so that it provides mechanical resiliency and flexibility while conforming to curved skin surfaces, and to ensure reliable sensing of glucose in interstitial fluid and of lactate, caffeine and alcohol in sweat, without crosstalk between the individual sensors. In human volunteers, the device captured physiological effects of food intake and exercise, in particular the production of glucose after food digestion, the consumption of glucose via glycolysis, and increases in blood pressure and heart rate compensating for oxygen depletion and lactate generation. Continuous and simultaneous acoustic and electrochemical sensing via integrated wearable devices should enrich the understanding of the body’s response to daily activities, and could facilitate the early prediction of abnormal physiological changes. A skin-worn device that simultaneously monitors blood pressure and heart rate via ultrasonic transducers and multiple biomarkers via electrochemical sensors captures physiological effects of food intake and exercise in human volunteers.
Principles of Cutaneous Flap Surgery

Cutaneous flap surgery is an important component of skin cancer treatment and management. Defects produced by the surgical removal of skin cancers on the head and neck will often require reconstruction for the best functional and aesthetic outcome. The dermatologic surgeon should have a solid understanding of the principles of flap design and tissue movement. This chapter reviews the basic types of cutaneous flaps as well as a guide to choosing the most appropriate reconstructive option. The practical and aesthetic considerations in flap design presented here can help guide both the novice and experienced dermatologic surgeon. Management of common complications in flap surgery is also addressed.