cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Alternative Approaches to Occupant Response Evaluation in Frontal Impact Crash Testing

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration has performed research investigating the Test Device for Human Occupant Restraint 50th male (THOR-50M) response in Oblique crash tests. This research is being expanded to investigate THOR-50M in the driver position in a 56 km/h frontal impact crash. Hybrid III 5th percentile adult female (AF05) anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs) were used in this testing to evaluate the RibEye Deflection Measurement System. The AF05 ATDs were positioned in the right front passenger and right rear passenger seating positions. For the right front passenger, the New Car Assessment Procedure (NCAP) seating procedure was used, except the seat fore-aft position was set to mid-track. For the right rear passenger, the seating followed the FMVSS No. 214 Side Impact Compliance Test Procedure. The NCAP frontal impact test procedure was followed with additional vehicle instrumentation and pre/post-test measurements. RESULTS from this test series were compared with previous NCAP crash tests. The THOR-50M showed similar kinematics to the Hybrid III 50th but predicted a higher risk of chest and femur injury. The mid-track seat position of the right front passenger AF05 led to lower levels of femur compression loading due to additional distance to the dash. BrIC for the driver and front passenger showed higher injury risk than HIC15. In all vehicles, the rear seat AF05 predicted a substantially higher risk of head, neck and chest injury than the right front passenger. The AF05 RibEye output showed a higher peak deflection (x-axis) than the chest potentiometer. Language: en
The human/animal in contemporary South African photography

By looking at work by two contemporary South African photographers, this article examines some of the ways in which notions of ‘the animal’ intersect with human subjectivity and representation. Georgio Agamben's formulation of the Western ‘anthropological machine’, which works to shape human ‘otherness’ through recourse to the animal, provides the theoretical framework for examining Pieter Hugo's ‘The Hyena and Other Men’. Invoking ideas of the ‘wild’ in structuring perceptions of socially marginalized groups, Hugo's ambivalent portraits have been accused of exoticising, and eroticising, black masculinity, but, read through Donna Haraway's conceptualization of companion species, may open up new readings of human/animal relationality. The ‘tame’ is no less contested: Daniel Naude’s ‘Animal Farm’ focuses on particular livestock breeds, demonstrating that domesticated animals can become a site of anxiety around human ‘pedigree’ too.
A Multilevel Analysis of School Factors Associated with Health-Related Fitness

Abstract School factors associated with health-related fitness, using the National Children and Youth Fitness Survey II (NCYFS II) data, have been examined by Pate and Ross (1987), but the hierarchical structure of the data was ignored in the data analyses. The purpose of this study was to reanalyze the NCYFS II data using the hierarchical linear model and reexamine the effects of school physical education (PE) and other factors on children's 1-mile run/walk performance. Only two of five “significant” school factors were confirmed by this study, suggesting that heightened probabilities of Type I errors might have occurred in the previous study. Two confirmed key characteristics of school PE programs that led to improvement of children's cardiovascular endurance were PE specialists and the administration of fitness tests. For a hierarchical data structure, both experimental and observational units should be considered in the data analysis. The hierarchical linear model, which not only provides more accurat...
Factors Predictive of Protracted Course of Radiation Therapy in Patients Treated with Definitive Chemoradiation for Cervical Cancer.

BACKGROUND There is a benefit to completing definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for cervical cancer within 56 days. However, many patients experience delays due to missed radiation treatments that prolong the overall course of therapy. In order to improve patient care, we performed a quality improvement project to determine factors predictive of protracted treatment and develop strategies to enable timely treatment completion. METHODS : Seventy-one patients treated for cervical cancer with CRT were identified. Medical records were reviewed to gather demographic, clinical, and treatment data. Prolonged treatment was defined as >56 days per the American Brachytherapy Society guidelines. The following variables were evaluated using paired t-tests and univariate logistic regression: demographics, Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT) versus conventional radiation technique, use of a boost, time to stent placement, time to first brachytherapy (BT), and genitourinary (GU) or gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity. RESULTS The median treatment length for all patients was 59 days. Factors associated with prolonged treatment were time to cervical stent placement (p=0.001), delay ≥2 days between final external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and initial BT (p=0.0195), any grade GU toxicity (p=0.0007), or GI toxicity (p=0.0002), and the presence of a boost (p=0.0006). Age, stage, and IMRT versus conventional technique were not associated with protracted treatment. CONCLUSION : In this series of patients, acute toxicity, increased time to cervical stent placement, and time to first BT treatment were associated with prolonged treatment time. The patients who completed treatment in ≤56 days had a lower average time to cervical stent placement, 27 versus 31 days. Our results suggest that cervical stent placement during week four of treatment can enhance patient care and improve outcomes.
Study of the placement of actuators under active control of mega-sub controlled structure subjected to random wind loads

The mega-sub controlled structure(MSCS) proposed recently is a new form of structures associated with the design and construction of super tall building.Active control,for mega-sub-controlled structure subjected to random along-wind loads is investigated based on LQR algorithm.Dynamic equation and method to assembling parameter matrixes for the meg-sub-controlled structure under random wind loads are presented.Time history,of the displacement of actuators which influence the structure response and control force is analyzed.The results of the numerical analysis show that controlling effectiveness of the structure can be improved effectively by the optimal placement of actuators in the new mega-sub controlled structure.When active control is actualized in MSCS,the placement of actuators should be mounted appropriately
416 MULLERIAN AGENESIS AND GONADAL ABNORMALITY MISDIAGNOSED AS DELAYED PUBERTY IN A WOMAN WITH FANCONI'S ANEMIA.

Fanconi9s anemia is an autosomal recessive marrow-failure disorder causing pancytopenia combined with a diversity of physical anomalies. Endocrine abnormalities are common. The disorder involves abnormal chromosome fragility, which can be corrected by fusing normal cells with Fanconi9s anemia cells. Fanconi9s anemia genes have been identified. Genes on chromosomes 16 and 9 are known to be associated with gonadal abnormalities. Though more common in males, these abnormalities also occur in females and include abnormalities of the ovaries, vagina, and uterus. An 18-year-old woman with a past medical history significant for Fanconi9s anemia treated with stem cell transplant and total body irradiation presented for evaluation of primary amenorrhea. Despite oral contraceptive treatment for delayed puberty, she had not menstruated. She was concerned about her fertility and expressed the desire to become pregnant. Her complicated past medical history included chronic graft versus host disease and multiple genetic anomalies classically seen in Fanconi9s anemia, such as short stature, absent thumb, absent kidney, and absent eustachian tube. In addition to delayed puberty, her endocrine abnormalities included hypopituitarism and insulin resistance. Physical exam revealed a short vaginal pouch. Ultrasound and MRI of the pelvis were obtained and revealed absent uterus, cervix, ovaries, and fallopian tubes. This case describes a woman with Fanconi9s anemia with not only an ovarian abnormality but also a rare mullerian agenesis. Physicians treating patients with Fanconi9s anemia should maintain a high suspicion for reproductive anomalies. Early diagnosis is optimal to allow for estrogen supplementation and to prevent the emotional trauma associated with delayed puberty and sterility.
Novel collaborative cardiology and maternal fetal medicine practice - experience at the heart and pregnancy program

Purpose: The Heart and Pregnancy Program (HPP) was created to evaluate and manage pregnant women with cardiac conditions simultaneously by cardiology and maternal-fetal medicine (MFM). The objectiv...
A Numerical Theory for Impedance Education in Three-Dimensional Normal Incidence Tubes

A method for educing the locally-reacting acoustic impedance of a test sample mounted in a 3-D normal incidence impedance tube is presented and validated. The unique feature of the method is that the excitation frequency (or duct geometry) may be such that high-order duct modes may exist. The method educes the impedance, iteratively, by minimizing an objective function consisting of the difference between the measured and numerically computed acoustic pressure at preselected measurement points in the duct. The method is validated on planar and high-order mode sources with data synthesized from exact mode theory. These data are then subjected to random jitter to simulate the effects of measurement uncertainties on the educed impedance spectrum. The primary conclusions of the study are 1) Without random jitter the method is in excellent agreement with that for known impedance samples, and 2) Random jitter that is compatible to that found in a typical experiment has minimal impact on the accuracy of the educed impedance.
The Free Will Defence Specification

One of the most significant defensive schemes offered by theists to resolve the problem of evil is the free will defence,2 and of the varied accounts, Plantinga’s modal version is the most talked about Stripped of its modal sophistications and in simple dress, the defence claims that moral evil results from the misuse of human free agency.3 A recent atheological counter to this defence claims that if God can make persons such that they sometimes freely choose to do the good, then conceivably he could make them such that they always freely choose to do the good.4 Add possible-worlds talk to this counterargument, and it might take the following form. Consider a pair of possible worlds, say world W and W*, where W* is the ‘counterpart’ of W for every moral agent in W.5 Suppose that there is at least one free moral agent who exists in W and W*. Since this person may be said to exist in W and W*, she enjoys a limited measure of transworld identity; hereafter she will be referred to as WIT.6 One could easily imagine worlds W and W* having many such moral agents who like WIT enjoy this expansive sort of identity.7 Assume that WIT freely does only good things in W*, but that she freely does both good and evil things in W. The atheologian could argue that, given the God of Christian theism, he could, since he is omnipotent, actualize world W* and WIT, and in so doing bring into existence a world which contains moral goods and where evil is entirely absent.
Canned Spam: New State and Federal Legislation Attempts to Put a Lid on It

SPAM (unsolicited commercial e-mail) has grown at an enormous rate. This article examines the various approaches that are being taken by state and federal legislatures to attempt to regulate its growth.
Radio Bending at High Redshifts — A New Probe of Protogalaxies?

Evidence is presented that radio sources are more bent at larger redshifts. This effect is interpreted as due to interaction of the radio source with an ambient circumgalactic medium which must then have been clumpier at early epochs. It is suggested that the increased dumpiness could be associated with the late stages of galaxy formation and possibly also with CIV absorption line systems.
Measuring Positive Youth Development: The Development of a State Benchmark

Public health benchmarks are indicators for well-being and health status that help inform program planning and policy development. In Oregon, recent efforts by a group of state agencies and community partners led to the adoption of a Positive Youth Development (PYD) benchmark by the Oregon Progress Board in 2006. In this paper, we describe the process of creating the state benchmark and present research evidence showing strong relationships that link high levels of PYD to reduced levels of risk behaviors and increased levels of positive, healthy behaviors among Oregon youth. The creation of this benchmark allows better planning, development and monitoring of PYD programs by state agencies, schools and community partners. In addition, results reinforce the finding that the promotion of programs that boost one or more elements of PYD may help reduce risky behaviors and improve positive, healthy behaviors among adolescents.
Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in children

Development of ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) opened the possibility of a new radiation-free diagnostic technique called contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in pediatric imaging. First, the safety profile of CEUS is discussed, followed by the description of common clinical applications. UCAs are not registered for individuals younger than 18 years and their current use is off-label. The published studies concerning UCA safety have shown the high safety profile of UCAs. Following intravenous application of UCAs, only one severe anaphylactic reaction has been reported in children, along with some mild adverse reactions, while during intravesical application no adverse effect related to UCAs has been reported. The main indication in the pediatric population for UCA application is voiding urosonography (VUS). The generally accepted standard VUS procedure is described together with its role in the urodiagnostic algorithm. The intravenous application of UCA is less widespread, but it is slowly gaining popularity among pediatric radiologists as a problem solving method. Unfortunately, there has been no standardization of the procedure and there are no official recommendations regarding the dose of UCAs, which should be appropriately adjusted according to the patientâ€™s weight or age, and to the probe. The review of the published literature concerning intravenous CEUS is presented. A step forward towards functional imaging is dynamic CEUS, which enables quantification of enhancement. In addition, the role of the EFSUMB Paediatric Registry Dana Base is presented. Conclusion â€“ CEUS examinations have opened new prospects in ultrasound and have become promising non-invasive radiation-free method in children
A review of the utility of a hypothermia protocol in cardiac arrests due to non-shockable rhythms

Background: Therapeutic hypothermia and targeted temperature management are considered standard of care in the management of patients following out-of-hospital cardiac arrests due to shockable rhythms to improve neurological outcomes. In those presenting out-of-hospital cardiac arrests associated with non-shockable rhythms, the benefit of hypothermia is less clear. In this review we try to clarify the utility of implementing a hypothermia protocol after cardiac arrests due to non-shockable rhythms. Methods: PUBMED, Ovid, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and clinicaltrials.gov websites were searched through during October, 2016 using the terms “non shockable”, “hypothermia,” and “cardiac arrest.” Studies were excluded if they solely evaluated in-hospital cardiac arrests, shockable rhythms, and/or pediatric patients. Data was extracted by two authors. Results: Forty studies were included in this review, most of which were not randomized or controlled, nor were they powered to make significant conclusions about the efficacy of hypothermia in this population. Some did evaluate specific factors that may portend to a better outcome in patients presenting with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest due to non-shockable rhythms undergoing hypothermia. Shortcomings included incorporating in-hospital cardiac arrest patients in analyses, comparing results of hypothermia in shockable versus non-shockable rhythm patients as an outcome measure, lacking standardization in cooling protocols, and short-term measures of outcomes. Conclusions: It was concluded that further study is needed to characterize patients presenting nonshockable rhythms who would benefit from hypothermia to better guide its use in this population given the costs and implications of treatment and long-term care in those who survive with poor outcomes.
The Impact of Blue Light Cystoscopy on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Bladder Cancer.

Photodynamic diagnostic technique with blue light cystoscopy (BLC) takes advantage of the preferential uptake and accumulation of protoporphyrins in neoplastic tissue which emit a red fluorescence when illuminated with blue light (360–450 nm wavelengths). This allows enhanced visualization of small papillary tumors and flat carcinoma in situ lesions that might have been missed on white light cystoscopy (WLC). There is compelling evidence that the ability of BLC to detect these additional tumors translates into improved recurrence rates compared to WLC. However, the impact of BLC with regard to progression rates and in patients who are managed with intravesical therapy is not yet known. Further work is required to optimize the integration of BLC into clinical practice, but the future for BLC appears promising.
Gaussian process classification of superparamagnetic relaxometry data: Phantom study.

Abstract Motivation Superparamagnetic relaxometry (SPMR) is an emerging technology that holds potential for use in early cancer detection. Measurement of the magnetic field after the excitation of cancer-bound superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) enables the reconstruction of SPIONs spatial distribution and hence tumor detection. However, image reconstruction often requires solving an ill-posed inverse problem that is computationally challenging and sensitive to measurement uncertainty. Moreover, an additional image processing module is required to automatically detect and localize the tumor in the reconstructed image. Objective Our goal is to examine the use of data-driven machine learning technique to detect a weak signal induced by a small cluster of SPIONs (surrogate tumor) in presence of background signal and measurement uncertainty. We aim to investigate the performance of both data-driven and image reconstruction models to characterize situations that one can replace the computationally-challenging reconstruction technique by the data-driven model. Methods We utilize Gaussian process (GP) classification model and a physics-based image reconstruction method, tailored to SPMR datasets that are obtained from (i) in silico simulations designed based on mouse cancer models and (ii) phantom experiments using MagSense system (Imagion Biosystems, Inc.). We investigate the performance of the GP classifier against the reconstruction technique, for different levels of measurement noise, different scenarios of SPIONs distribution, and different concentrations of SPIONs at the surrogate tumor. Results In our in silico source detection analysis, we were able to achieve high sensitivity results using GP model that outperformed the image reconstruction model for various choices of SPIONs concentration at the surrogate tumor and measurement noise levels. Moreover, in our phantom studies we were able to detect the surrogate tumor phantoms with 5% and 7.3% of the total used SPIONs, surrounded by 9 low-concentration phantoms with accuracies of 87.5% and 96.4%, respectively. Conclusions The GP framework provides acceptable classification accuracies when dealing with in silico and phantom SPMR datasets and can outperform an image reconstruction method for binary classification of SPMR data.
LRRK2 Antisense Oligonucleotides Ameliorate α-Synuclein Inclusion Formation in a Parkinson’s Disease Mouse Model

No treatments exist to slow or halt Parkinson's disease (PD) progression; however, inhibition of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) activity represents one of the most promising therapeutic strategies. Genetic ablation and pharmacological LRRK2 inhibition have demonstrated promise in blocking α-synuclein (α-syn) pathology. However, LRRK2 kinase inhibitors may reduce LRRK2 activity in several tissues and induce systemic phenotypes in the kidney and lung that are undesirable. Here, we test whether antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) provide an alternative therapeutic strategy, as they can be restricted to the CNS and provide a stable, long-lasting reduction of protein throughout the brain. Administration of LRRK2 ASOs to the brain reduces LRRK2 protein levels and fibril-induced α-syn inclusions. Mice exposed to α-syn fibrils treated with LRRK2 ASOs show more tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons compared to control mice. Furthermore, intracerebral injection of LRRK2 ASOs avoids unwanted phenotypes associated with loss of LRRK2 expression in the periphery. This study further demonstrates that a reduction of endogenous levels of normal LRRK2 reduces the formation of α-syn inclusions. Importantly, this study points toward LRRK2 ASOs as a potential therapeutic strategy for preventing PD-associated pathology and phenotypes without causing potential adverse side effects in peripheral tissues associated with LRRK2 inhibition.
Unidirectional, Defect-Immune, and Topologically Protected Electromagnetic Surface Waves

Electromagnetic surface modes have been studied for a long time, as both fundamental electromagnetic quantities, and for applications in waveguiding, sensing, imaging, and in other areas. Although nonreciprocal surface waves have been known to exhibit unidirectional behavior, more recently the idea of Berry phase and related quantities have been used to provide a unifying framework to explain and predict a wide range of unidirectional edge/surface modes in both electronic and photonic systems. In many cases these effects are topological and robust to large classes of defects and material parameter values. The Berry phase and the related concepts of the Berry potential and the Berry curvature arise in electromagnetic materials capable of supporting unidirectional, defect-immune, and topologically protected surface waves. These concepts lead to surface waves with very interesting and practically useful properties in electronic and photonics.
Functional Analytic Tools for Expected Utility Theory

Depending on the school of thought, expected utility theory states that choices among lotteries either should be made or actually made by maximizing the expected value of a real valued function of the outcomes—a utility function. This article provides a look at some of the functional analytic results used in expected utility theory. I concentrate on applications to the theory of stochastic dominance relations and the revealed preference approach to expected utility. Few of these results are deep, given the underlying tools, but many of them are not widely known, and their combination is novel. In particular, the revealed preference results of Border [4] are extended to higher degree stochastic dominance relations.
Qualitative X-ray Analysis and Imaging

It is a waste of time to proceed with quantitative analysis of your XEDS spectrum or image without first carrying out qualitative analysis. Qualitative analysis requires that every peak in the spectrum be identified unambiguously, with statistical certainty, otherwise it should be ignored for both subsequent quantitative analysis and imaging. We emphasize this point because of the many opportunities for the misidentification of small peaks in the spectrum. In this chapter, we’ll deal initially with acquisition and identification of the elemental information in spectra and images. First, we will show you how to choose the best operating conditions for your particular AEM and XEDS system. Then we’ll explain the best way to obtain a spectrum for qualitative analysis. You have to acquire a spectrum with sufficient X-ray counts to allow you to draw the right conclusions with a given degree of confidence. There are a few simple rules to follow which allow you to do this.
Printerface: Screen Printed Electroluminescent Touch Interface

Printerface proposes a visual design technique to create customized and interactive icons that may be applied to paper or textile substrates. The icons are screen printed electroluminescent (EL) and conductive inks. Research in the field of printed electronics traditionally uses either dot-matrix or multiple capacitive buttons for interaction. Current low-resolution interfaces limit customizability and user interaction. The Printerface demo suggest a new method which allows a designer visual freedom over low-resolution displays.The graphical nature of the screen print process allows a series of communicative icons to follow a defined visual language. Special steps were taken during the design process to create icons that illuminate from a single layout of segments. A microcontroller illuminates specified segments of EL to display each icon of a music playback interface: play, pause, back, and skip (figure 1a). Each electrode of the display additionally acts as a capacitive sensor to interpret user interaction. The capabilities of this technology allow new notification and interactive possibilities for low-resolution, flexible interfaces.
Efficient structural health monitoring with wireless sensor networks using a vibration-based frequency domain pattern matching technique

Structural health monitoring (SHM) concerns the development of strategies to assess the condition of instrumented engineering structures. Most SHM techniques involve some form of physics-based modeling, which can be difficult and costly. We propose an efficient vibration-collecting method using wireless sensor networks (WSNs) that minimizes the need to perform modeling, making the SHM system easy to deploy on any structure with little to no modification. In our algorithm, we employ a two-layer stacking technique, similar to protocol stacking in networking. At the core of the algorithm is a frequency domain pattern matching technique applied to observed vibrations that is executed by each sensor node in the bottom layer of the algorithm. An energy management scheme for attaining the desired lifetime of the WSN is also proposed. The scheme is based upon a novel energy management circuit that decreases current for inactive sensor nodes, such to increase the lifetime of the nodes up to 90-fold. Upper bounds on system lifetime are determined experimentally using sensor nodes based upon the Zolertia Z1 mote. Finally, the pattern matching technique is validated on an experimental structure.
Visuospatial Aptitude Testing Differentially Predicts Simulated Surgical Skill.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether visuospatial perception (VSP) testing is correlated to simulated or intraoperative surgical performance as rated by the American College of Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) milestones. DESIGN (Canadian Task Force classification II-2). SETTING Two academic training institutions. PARTICIPANTS Forty-one residents, including 19 from Brigham and Women's Hospital and 22 from the Mayo Clinic, from 3 different specialties: obstetrics and gynecology, general surgery, and urology. INTERVENTION Participants underwent 3 different tests: visuospatial perception testing (VSP), Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS) peg transfer, and da Vinci robotic simulation peg transfer. Surgical grading from the ACGME milestones tool was obtained for each participant. Demographic and background information was also collected, including specialty, year of training, previous experience with simulated skills, and surgical interest. Standard statistical analyses were performed using Student's t test, and correlations were determined using adjusted linear regression models. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS In univariate analysis, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Mayo Clinic training programs differed in times and overall scores for both the FLS peg transfer and da Vinci robotic simulation peg transfer tests (p < .05 for all). In addition, type of residency training affected time and overall score on the robotic peg transfer test. Familiarity with tasks correlated with higher score and faster task completion (p = .05 for all except VSP score). There were no differences in VSP scores by program, specialty, or year of training. In adjusted linear regression modeling, VSP testing was correlated only to robotic peg transfer skills (average time, p = .006; overall score, p = .001). Milestones did not correlate to either VSP or surgical simulation testing. CONCLUSION VSP score was correlated with robotic simulation skills, but not with FLS skills or ACGME milestones. This suggests that the ability of VSP score to predict competence differs between tasks. Therefore, further investigation of aptitude testing is needed, especially before its integration as an entry examination into a surgical subspecialty.
Police Abuse and Democratic Accountability: Agonistic Surveillance of the Administrative State

Rosa Squillacote and Leonard Feldman contend that police abuse calls on us to rethink traditionally institutional approaches to understanding accountability. Instead, they argue that courts and legislatures should be decentered by an approach that (a) recovers the potential for democratic accountability within administrative agencies and (b) emphasizes practices of agonistic surveillance by nonstate actors. Engaging the literature in political theory and drawing on examples from the United States, they examine specific institutional mechanisms and agonistic surveillance practices, such as body cameras and Cop Watch. By examining the ways in which administrative agencies are, or can be, accountable to the people—and focusing on the police as administrative agents—they find that we uncover new possibilities for police reform.
A Critical Exploration of Diversity Discourses in Higher Education: A Focus on Diversity in Student Affairs and Admissions

Diversity is a concept that is understood and enacted in various ways throughout higher education. Despite past and current efforts to increase diversity using logics rooted in equity, economic imperatives, and cultural responsiveness, data on diverse student admissions, persistence and graduation suggests that the intention to increase diversity to a level reflective of diverse student demographic rates has not yet been accomplished (Pippert D, Essenburg L, Matchet E, J Mark High Edu 23(2):258–282, 2013; Smith DG, Diversity’s promise for higher education: making it work. John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 2015; Smith M, Ota A, J Coll Admiss 218:16–21, 2013). This chapter focuses on the call to increase diversity in U.S. higher education, and critically analyzes how diversity is understood, operationalized and enacted in institutional efforts to advance diversity among students.
Sonic boom induced window rattle in indoor environments

The perceptual environment inside homes ensonified by sonic booms consists mainly of the transmitted indoor boom sound, rattle from items in loose contact with vibrating structures, and structural vibrations that may be felt or seen. In this presentation, measurements of window rattle from a recent laboratory study conducted inside the Interior Effects Room at NASA Langley Research Center will be summarized. Low amplitude sonic booms were reproduced at the facility exterior, which induced rattle in several distressed windows that were interchanged in the facility wall. The indoor sound field, the combined transmitted boom and window rattle sound, was measured at seven microphones placed inside the test room. The “rattle only” sound was recovered by subtracting the “boom only” sound, which was computed by convolving a measured room impulse response with the exterior excitation waveform, from each microphone measurement. In total, predicted low booms from fourteen different vehicles, each at three loudness levels, ensonified forty-two different window rattle conditions. Each measurement was repeated six times in both a lively and damped room configuration. This database of 148,176 rattle measurements enabled objective comparisons of rattle produced by different aircraft, at different booms levels and for different window rattle conditions.The perceptual environment inside homes ensonified by sonic booms consists mainly of the transmitted indoor boom sound, rattle from items in loose contact with vibrating structures, and structural vibrations that may be felt or seen. In this presentation, measurements of window rattle from a recent laboratory study conducted inside the Interior Effects Room at NASA Langley Research Center will be summarized. Low amplitude sonic booms were reproduced at the facility exterior, which induced rattle in several distressed windows that were interchanged in the facility wall. The indoor sound field, the combined transmitted boom and window rattle sound, was measured at seven microphones placed inside the test room. The “rattle only” sound was recovered by subtracting the “boom only” sound, which was computed by convolving a measured room impulse response with the exterior excitation waveform, from each microphone measurement. In total, predicted low booms from fourteen different vehicles, each at three loudness ...
Sustainable Renewable Energy: The Case of Burlington, Vermont

The City of Burlington, Vermont was the first city in America to power 100 percent of its electricity from renewable resources that include wood, hydroelectricity, wind, and solar. This achievement was accomplished over decades through a series of interconnected factors that include strong governmental leadership, regional and state regulatory frameworks for renewable energy and climate change, and innovative policies from the local electric utility, Burlington Electric Department (BED). Many lessons could be learned from this achievement in this small city in the least populated state in the nation. However, significant challenges remain as society grapples with decarbonizing our energy supply which in the United States is still predominantly fossil fuel based.
Encroachment: Putting the 'Squeeze' on the Department of Defense (DoD)

The Army, like other services, has found itself struggling to reconcile environmental compliance requirements with the need for realistic training. In order for the Army to accomplish its primary mission of fighting and winning in armed conflict, soldiers, leaders, and units must receive proper training. Thus, at times, environmental regulations limit the Army's ability to conduct realistic training and adequate testing activities.This Note reviews the measures taken by the Department of Defense between 2000 and 2001 to analyze and report on the effects of “encroachment” on military testing and training. From the Department of Defense’s perspective, encroachment includes external influences, such as environmental laws and regulations, which threaten or constrain testing and training activities on ranges and facilities required for force readiness and weapons acquisition.
Three dimensional finite element modeling of scattering by objects at rough interfaces

Fully three-dimensional finite element models for buried objects and objects at interfaces have been extended to incorporate interface roughness. Near field results are solved using a fully scattered field formulation, in which all fields in the absence of the target are applied and the target scattering is solved. Results are extended to the far field through the Helmholtz-Kirchhoff integral, using a numerically determined Green’s function approach. Interface roughness is applied using a modified power law wavenumber spectrum. Previous model demonstrations evaluated the scattering in the flat interface limit, in which background fields were prescribed analytically. Now, the presence of the surface roughness forces background fields to be evaluated and prescribed numerically. Such models have strong applicability for predicting scattering by objects buried within or resting on a rough seafloor interface. Model results are compared with various experimental and other modeled results, demonstrating model validity over a wide frequency range. [Work supported by Applied Research Laboratories IR&D and ONR, Ocean Acoustics.]Fully three-dimensional finite element models for buried objects and objects at interfaces have been extended to incorporate interface roughness. Near field results are solved using a fully scattered field formulation, in which all fields in the absence of the target are applied and the target scattering is solved. Results are extended to the far field through the Helmholtz-Kirchhoff integral, using a numerically determined Green’s function approach. Interface roughness is applied using a modified power law wavenumber spectrum. Previous model demonstrations evaluated the scattering in the flat interface limit, in which background fields were prescribed analytically. Now, the presence of the surface roughness forces background fields to be evaluated and prescribed numerically. Such models have strong applicability for predicting scattering by objects buried within or resting on a rough seafloor interface. Model results are compared with various experimental and other modeled results, demonstrating model va...
The Effect of Added Peanut Butter on the Glycemic Response to a High-Glycemic Index Meal: A Pilot Study.

Objective: The purpose of this pilot study was to determine whether supplementation of a high–glycemic index breakfast meal with peanut butter attenuates the glycemic response.Methods: Sixteen heal...
Slanted Allusions Bilingual Poetics and Transnational Politics in Marilyn Chin and Russell Leong

D ear Author, You have opened one of tw o PD F files prepared by the Journals Editorial department at D uke University Press. One is “clean,” incorporating all the copyeditor’s changes and queries (w hich are w ithin {curly brackets}) to your article; please ignore any directions to the compositor (which are w ithin ). The second file is “tracked,” detailing all the copyeditor’s changes and queries: additions and changes are in color. Please respond by one of the follow ing methods: (1) send an e-mail in w hich you key each of your corrections to a specific page and line number; (2) send a PD F in w hich corrections are indicated using notes or advanced editing features; or (3) print out the “clean” file, mark your changes on it, and return it to the Press via mail or fax. If you choose the first option, please make sure that your corrections are clear and specific so they can be made accurately: Unclear: On p. 36, line 4, add “of” Clear: On p. 36, line 4, add “of” between “queen” and “England” Please, ev en if y ou hav e no correct ions t o make, be sure t o rev iew carefully and answ er complet ely all copy edit or’s queries in bold curly bracket s. Except w here incorrect spellings, faulty grammar, and departures from journal style are concerned, editorial changes have the force of suggestions only, w hich you may reject if you w ish.
Possible Mott transition in layered Sr 2 Mn 3 As 2 O 2 single crystals

Single crystals of ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{3}{\mathrm{As}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ have been grown for the first time, for which we show a possible layer-selective Mott insulator behavior. This compound stands out as a hybrid structure of ${\mathrm{MnO}}_{2}$ and MnAs layers, analogously to the active ${\mathrm{CuO}}_{2}$ and FeAs layers, respectively, in the cuprate and iron-based high-temperature superconductors. Electrical transport, neutron diffraction measurements, together with density functional theory calculations on ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{3}{\mathrm{As}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ single crystals converge toward a picture of independent magnetic order at ${T}_{1}\ensuremath{\sim}79$ K and ${T}_{2}\ensuremath{\sim}360$ K for the two Mn sublattices, with insulating behavior at odds with the metallic behavior predicted by calculations. Furthermore, our inelastic neutron-scattering studies of spin-wave dispersions for the Mn(1) sublattice reveal an effective magnetic exchange coupling of $SJ\ensuremath{\sim}3.7$ meV. This is much smaller than those for the Mn(2) sublattice.
Vedānta in Muslim Dress: Revisited and Reimagined

In this paper, I revisit Dr. R. C. Zaehner’s claim, found in “Vedanta in Muslim Dress” in “Hindu and Muslim Mysticism,” that an early Sufi mystic, Abū Yazīd al-Bisṭamī (d. 874), was strongly influenced by a mysterious teacher called Abū ‘Alī al-Sindī, who Zaehner claimed was a practitioner of Advaita Vedanta and taught al-Bisṭamī “ultimate truths” that appear to be gleaned directly from the Upaniṣads. I revisit Zaehner’s original claims and examine his conclusions in light of history and theology with special attention to al-Bisṭamī’s shaṭḥiyāt, or ecstatic utterances, and his doctrine of fanā, or annihilation, alongside the teachings and writings of Adi Ṣankara. By demonstrating correlations in theology and situating them in the historical timeline, it becomes apparent that while it may be difficult to make absolute claims, the prospect of a transformative theological interchange is not only reasonably possible, but demonstratively likely, and has been ignored, glossed over, or denied by later biographers. By reclaiming this history, a door to further inquiry is opened, adding to the complexity and nuance of historical Muslim-Hindu encounters.
A Sensitive LC-MS/MS Assay for the Quantification of Methadone and its Metabolites in Dried Blood Spots: Comparison With Plasma.

INTRODUCTION Methadone, a synthetic narcotic, is widely used both in adults and children for pain control and as a replacement drug in opioid use disorder to prevent craving and withdrawal. To support clinical pharmacokinetic trials in neonates, infants, and children, the authors developed and validated a novel, automated, highly sensitive liquid chromatography-electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry ionization (LC-ESI-MS/MS) method for the quantification of methadone and its metabolites, 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP) and 2-ethyl-5-methyl-3,3-diphenylpyraline (EMDP), in samples collected as dried blood spots. METHODS Blood was spiked with different concentrations of methadone, EDDP, and EMDP, and blood drops were applied to filter paper cards. Punches of 6.4 mm were removed from the cards, and 600 µL of protein precipitation solution (methanol/0.2M ZnSO4, 7:3, vol/vol) containing the internal standards (methadone-d9 and EDDP-d5) at a concentration of 1 mcg/L was added. The extracts were analyzed using LC-ESI-MS/MS in combination with online extraction. The mass spectrometer was run in the positive multiple reaction monitoring mode, and the total run time was 3.2 minutes. RESULTS For the dried blood spots, the assay has a lower limit of quantification of 0.1 mcg/L for methadone, EDDP, and EMDP. The range of reliable response for methadone for the ion transition m/z = 310.2→265.1 was 0.1-100 mcg/L and for the ion transition m/z = 310.2→223.1 5-1000 mcg/L. For EDDP, on the range of reliable response for the ion transition, m/z = 278.2→234.3 was 0.1-100 mcg/L and for the ion transition m/z = 278.2→186.1 5-1000 mcg/L. The calibration range for EMDP was 0.1-100 mcg/L. Accuracy (85%-115%) and imprecision (<15%) met predefined acceptance criteria. DISCUSSION This assay allows for the measurement of small volume blood samples without the need for an intravenous blood draw, and thus, it is suitable for pharmacokinetics studies and therapeutic drug monitoring in pediatric patients.
A Life's Journey Through Insect Metamorphosis.

This autobiographical article describes the research career of Lynn M. Riddiford from its early beginnings in a summer program for high school students at Jackson Laboratory to the present “retirem...
Chronic Care for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Clinical Management from Childhood Through Adolescence.

Objective Impairments generally persist when children diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) mature into adolescence. To examine changes in ADHD care during the transition from childhood to adolescence, we conducted a retrospective, longitudinal cohort study of patients diagnosed with ADHD before the age of 10 years to assess changes from preadolescence through adolescence in (1) frequency by which primary care providers offer ADHD care to patients, (2) range of concerns assessed during patient encounters, and (3) treatments implemented or recommended. Methods We identified patients from 3 practices included in a large primary care network who (1) were born between 1996 and 1997, (2) were diagnosed with ADHD before the age of 10 years, and (3) received primary care continuously from age 9 through late adolescence. Clinical care was compared among patients in preadolescence (age 9-11), early adolescence (age 12-14), and late adolescence (age 15-18). Results Children diagnosed with ADHD before the age of 10 years were less likely to have a documented visit for ADHD during late adolescence (41% of patients) compared with preadolescence (63%, p Conclusion The findings raise concerns about how primary care providers manage adolescents with a history of ADHD. Improving monitoring of risky sexual behavior and driver readiness and providing patient education about medication diversion are needed.
Physical Activity Strategies

Numerous studies now suggest that cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), expressed as metabolic equivalents (METs), is one of the strongest prognostic markers in persons with and without coronary heart disease (CHD), regardless of the level of coronary artery calcium or the coronary risk factor profile. Each 1-MET increase in CRF confers an ~15% decrease in mortality up to about 10 METs. In addition, physically active and/or fit people are more likely to have lower annual healthcare costs and rates of chronic disease, including incident heart failure. Accordingly, sedentary individuals should be counseled to become more physically active and/or fit by starting an endurance exercise program, increasing lifestyle activity, or both. When individuals can adopt this regimen comfortably, that is, moderate-intensity exercise, they should strive for the goal of more vigorous exercise over time, provided they remain asymptomatic. On the other hand, unaccustomed vigorous- to high-intensity physical activity (PA), especially in previously inactive/unfit individuals with known or occult CHD, can trigger acute cardiac events. Moreover, extreme endurance exercise training regimens are associated with potential cardiac maladaptations in some individuals, including accelerated coronary calcification and an increased likelihood to develop atrial fibrillation. This relationship has been increasingly described by a U- or reverse J-shaped dose-response curve. Despite these recent findings, the benefits of moderate-to-vigorous PA far outweigh the risks for the majority of the population.
Second Order Free Riding Problem Solved

A recent model by Panchanathan and Boyd suggests that mutual aid among cooperators can promote large-scale human cooperation without succumbing to a second order free riding problem in which individuals receive aid without giving it. In a companion article, Fehr claims the model "solves [the] second order free riding problem." However, the model does not include second order free riders as one of the possible behavioural types. I present a simplified version of their model to demonstrate how cooperation unravels if second round defectors enter the population.