cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Test of Voir Dire as a Remedy for the Prejudicial Effects of Pretrial Publicity1

The present experiment asked two questions: Does prejudicial pretrial publicity produce bias that may impair juror objectivity and, if it does, can extended, defense attorney-conducted voir dire (jury examination procedure) remedy its untoward effects? Subjects were 68 college undergraduates who had or had not read pretrial publicity one week before viewing a mock murder trial. Just prior to viewing the trial, subjects experienced either minimal or extended voir dire. Both pretrial publicity and voir dire produced significant main effects on subjects' perceptions of defendant culpability. Subjects exposed to pretrial publicity perceived the defendant as more culpable than subjects not exposed to pretrial publicity. Subjects who experienced extended voir dire perceived the defendant as less culpable than subjects who experienced minimal voir dire. The interaction between pretrial publicity and voir dire was nonsignificant, indicating that, contrary to our hypothesis, voir dire did not reduce the impact of pretrial publicity.
EFFECTS OF ANTHROPOGENIC FOOD SOURCES ON MOVEMENTS, SURVIVORSHIP, AND SOCIALITY OF COMMON RAVENS IN THE ARCTIC

Abstract We investigated survivorship, movements, and sociality of Common Ravens (Corvus corax) exploiting concentrated food resources at a landfill in Greenland. From 1992–1995 we banded 383 ravens: 365 were captured at the landfill and 18 were banded in nearby nests. Thirty-nine ravens were recovered, most by shooting (87%). Mean number of days survived post-banding (494 ± 97) did not differ among age groups, but a higher proportion of juveniles was recovered. Ravens migrated west and south to the coast during winter. No difference existed among age groups in mean distance between locations of banding and recovery (151 ± 31 km). Number of ravens congregating at the landfill declined during the study, coinciding with a decrease in the local human population. Harsh winter climate, limited ice-free land, and abundant human refuse influenced raven use of the wilderness landscape by facilitating the formation of large, nomadic foraging groups.
Cubic ZnxMg1-xO thin films grown by plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy for optoelectronic applications

Heteroepitaxial ZnxMg1-xO thin films were grown on lattice-matched MgO (100) substrates using radiofrequency plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy. High-quality epilayers with zinc concentrations ranging from x = 0 (MgO) to x = 0.65 were grown and characterized optically, structurally, and electrically. The ZnxMg1-xO films were found to maintain the rocksalt cubic (B1) crystal structure for concentrations z < 0.65, with a linear dependence of lattice constant on Zn concentration. X-ray diffraction (XRD) also revealed the emergence of phase segregation into wurtzite (B4) phase for the highest concentration film. The band gap energy of the films was successfully varied from 4.9 to 6.2 eV (253–200 nm), showing a linear relationship with Zn concentration. The strictly cubic films exhibit roughness on the order of 10 A and resistivities of approximately 106 Δ·cm.
Academic Library Reform and the Ideal of the Librarian in England, France, and Germany in the Long Nineteenth Century

Abstract In Western Europe in the late eighteenth century, complaints were rife about the disorganization of libraries and the character of their librarians. Not only from the perspective of librar...
Bias and Monotonicity for Goodness-of-Fit Tests

Abstract Each unbiased goodness-of-fit test is shown to be monotone. Therefore, each two-sided goodness-of-fit teat is biased.
Impact of Storage on Dark Chocolate: Texture and Polymorphic Changes

Chocolate storage is critical to final product quality. Inadequate storage, especially with temperature fluctuations, may lead to rearrangement of triglycerides that make up the bulk of the chocolate matrix; this rearrangement may lead to fat bloom. Bloom is the main cause of quality loss in the chocolate industry. The effect of storage conditions leading to bloom formation on texture and flavor attributes by human and instrumental measures has yet to be reported. Therefore, the impact of storage conditions on the quality of dark chocolate by sensory and instrumental measurements was determined. Dark chocolate was kept under various conditions and analyzed at 0, 4, and 8 wk of storage. Ten members of a descriptive panel analyzed texture and flavor. Instrumental methods included texture analysis, color measurement, lipid polymorphism by X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry, triglyceride concentration by gas chromatography, and surface properties by atomic force microscopy. Results were treated by analysis of variance, cluster analysis, principal component analysis, and linear partial least squares regression analysis. Chocolate stored 8 wk at high temperature without fluctuations and 4 wk with fluctuations transitioned from form V to VI. Chocolates stored at high temperature with and without fluctuations were harder, more fracturable, more toothpacking, had longer melt time, were less sweet, and had less cream flavor. These samples had rougher surfaces, fewer but larger grains, and a heterogeneous surface. Overall, all stored dark chocolate experienced instrumental or perceptual changes attributed to storage condition. Chocolates stored at high temperature with and without fluctuations were most visually and texturally compromised. Practical Application: Many large chocolate companies do their own "in-house" unpublished research and smaller confectionery facilities do not have the means to conduct their own research. Therefore, this study relating sensory and instrumental data provides published evidence available for application throughout the confectionery industry.
Computer Simulation of Stair Falls to Investigate Scenarios in Child Abuse

Objectives To demonstrate the usefulness of computer simulation techniques in the investigation of pediatric stair falls. Since stair falls are a common falsely reported injury scenario in child abuse, our specific aim was to investigate the influence of stair characteristics on injury biomechanics of pediatric stair falls by using a computer simulation model. Our long-term goal is to use knowledge of biomechanics to aid in distinguishing between accidents and abuse. Methods A computer simulation model of a 3-year-old child falling down stairs was developed using commercially available simulation software. This model was used to investigate the influence that stair characteristics have on biomechanical measures associated with injury risk. Since femur fractures occur in unintentional and abuse scenarios, biomechanical measures were focused on the lower extremities. Results The number and slope of steps and stair surface friction and elasticity were found to affect biomechanical measures associated with injury risk. Conclusions Computer simulation techniques are useful for investigating the biomechanics of stair falls. Using our simulation model, we determined that stair characteristics have an effect on potential for lower extremity injuries. Although absolute values of biomechanical measures should not be relied on in an unvalidated model such as this, relationships between accident-environment factors and biomechanical measures can be studied through simulation. Future efforts will focus on model validation.
Effects of Double Exchange in Magnetic Crystals

This paper discusses some effects of mobile electrons in some antiferromagnetic lattices. It is shown that these electrons (or holes) always give rise to a distortion of the ground state spin arrangement, since electron transfer lowers the energy by a term of first order in the distortion angles. In the most typical cases this results in: (a) a nonzero spontaneous moment in low fields; (b) a lack of saturation in high fields; (c) simultaneous occurrence of "ferromagnetic" and "antiferromagnetic" lines in neutron diffraction patterns; (d) both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic branches in the spin wave spectra. Some of these properties have indeed been observed in compounds of mixed valency such as the manganites with low ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{4+}$ content. Similar considerations apply at finite temperatures, at least for the (most widespread) case where only the bottom of the carrier band is occupied at all temperatures of interest. The free energy is computed by a variational procedure, using simple carrier wave functions and an extension of the molecular field approximation. It is found that the canted arrangements are stable up to a well-defined temperature ${T}_{1}$. Above ${T}_{1}$ the system is either antiferromagnetic or ferromagnetic, depending upon the relative amount of mobile electrons. This behavior is not qualitatively modified when the carriers which are responsible for double exchange fall into bound states around impurity ions of opposite charge. Such bound states, however, will give rise to local inhomogeneities in the spin distortion, and to diffuse magnetic peaks in the neutron diffraction pattern. The possibility of observing these peaks and of eliminating the spurious spin-wave scattering is discussed in an Appendix.
The Papillary-Cystic Neoplasm of the Pancreas: An Increasingly Recognized Clinicopathologic Entity

• The clinical course of the papillary-cystic neoplasm of the pancreas is contrasted with that of the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. The former occurs predominantly in young women, has a low malignant potential, and is highly curable with surgical treatment. Three cases are reported that illustrate the typical clinical features and the indolent nature of the tumor. One case was discovered after blunt abdominal trauma resulted in rupture of the tumor and hemoperitoneum. All cases were treated by pancreatic resection with preservation of the spleen, an important consideration in younger patients. All patients were free of disease at long-term follow-up. Increasing awareness of this tumor has resulted in the reclassification of several tumors and should lead to better recognition by surgeons caring for patients with pancreatic diseases. ( Arch Surg . 1990;125:1502-1505)
Bivariate median filters: new definitions and properties

The authors present some new ideas for defining bivariate median filters, which can in principle also be extended to p-variate data for p> 2. Sensors or channels were used to obtain information about a signal waveform. The authors begin with a brief review of some of the key definitions and properties which have been established so far for bivariate and p-variate filters of the median type. The authors examine one simple definition of the bivariate median which can be useful in defining bivariate filters. This is then extended to define a class of bivariate medians for data points which is based directly on symmetry arguments. Some simulation results and examples illustrating the potential of filters based on these definitions are presented. >
Magnetic Fine Structures in Coronal Loops

The formation of magnetic fine structures and associated electric currents is considered in the context of the coronal heating problem. The penetration of field-aligned electric currents into the lower atmosphere is discussed. It is argued that currents strong enough to heat the corona can persist only for short periods of time. The formation of thin current sheets is discussed. It is argued that photospheric magnetic structures (flux tubes) play an important role in the generation of coronal currents.
Carbonate and Gypsum

Inorganic carbonate in soil occurs predominantly as the sparingly soluble alkaline-earth carbonates, calcite (CaCOs) and dolomite (CaMg(CO,),). Calcite is usually the dominant form in active pedogenic environments (Doner & Lynn, 1977; Nelson, 1982). There are only a few reported occurrences of aragonite (CaCOs) and vaterite (CaCOs) in soils. Sodium carbonate and magnesium carbonate and hydroxycarbonate are common in evaporates or in regions of high-salt deposition in soil. Concentration of dissolved carbonate is controlled by equilibrium relations of the solid-phase carbonates and gas-phase CO*. Concentration of dissolved carbonate is likely to be higher in systems with high partial pressures of C02, e.g., in flooded soils or in microenvironments of high microbial activity, or in sodic soils, because of the high solubility of Na&Os. Also, calcite and dolomite usually control the activities of Ca2+(aq) and Mg2+(aq) in soils containing these minerals. Calcium carbonate contents of carbonate-influenced soils range from traces to greater than 80%. Calcite exists in a variety of forms, from nodules of 1 cm or greater diameter to submicrometer particles to well-formed rhomboids. The presence of carbonates is usually associated with neutral to alkaline soils, but solid-
Incidence of first primary central nervous system tumors in California, 2001–2005

We examined the incidence of first primary central nervous system tumors (PCNST) in California from 2001–2005. This study period represents the first five years of data collection of benign PCNST by the California Cancer Registry. California’s age-adjusted incidence rates (AAIR) for malignant and benign PCNST (5.5 and 8.5 per 100,000, respectively). Malignant PCNST were highest among non-Hispanic white males (7.8 per 100,000). Benign PCNST were highest among African American females (10.5 per 100,000). Hispanics, those with the lowest socioeconomic status, and those who lived in rural California were found to be significantly younger at diagnosis. Glioblastoma was the most frequent malignant histology, while meningioma had the highest incidence among benign histologies (2.6 and 4.5 per 100,000, respectively). This study is the first in the US to compare malignant to benign PCNST using a population-based data source. It illustrates the importance of PCNST surveillance in California and in diverse communities.
The role of the cytoskeleton in differentially regulating pressure-mediated effects on malignant colonocyte focal adhesion signaling and cell adhesion

Increased extracellular pressure stimulates colon cancer cell adhesion by activating focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Src. We investigated the role of the cytoskeleton in pressure-induced inside-out FAK and Src phosphorylation and pressure-stimulated adhesion. We perturbed actin polymerization with phalloidin, cytochalasin D and latrunculin B, and microtubule organization with colchicine and paclitaxol. We compared the effects of these agents on pressure-induced SW620 and human primary colon cancer cell adhesion and inside-out FAK/Src activation with outside-in adhesion-dependent FAK/Src activation. Cells pretreated with cytoskeletal inhibitors were subjected to 15 mmHg increased pressure and allowed to adhere to collagen I coated plates or prevented from adhesion to pacificated plates for 30 min. Phalloidin, cytochalasin D, latrunculin B and colchicine pretreatment completely prevented pressure-stimulated and significantly inhibited basal SW620 cell adhesion. Taxol did not inhibit pressure-induced colon cancer cell adhesion, but significantly lowered basal adhesion. Cytochalasin D and colchicine had similar effects in pressure-stimulated primary human malignant colonocytes. Phalloidin, cytochalasin D, latrunculin B and colchicine prevented pressure-induced SW620 FAK phosphorylation but not Src phosphorylation. FAK phosphorylation in response to collagen I adhesion was significantly attenuated but not completely prevented by these inhibitors. Although Src phosphorylation was not increased on adhesion, the cytoskeleton disrupting agents significantly lowered basal Src phosphorylation in adherent cells. These results suggest that both cytoskeleton-dependent FAK activation and cytoskeleton-independent Src activation may be required for extracellular pressure to stimulate colon cancer cell adhesion. Furthermore, the cytoskeleton plays a different role in pressure-activated FAK and Src signaling than in FAK and Src activation in adherent cells. We, therefore, hypothesize that cytoskeletal interactions with focal adhesion signals mediate the effects of extracellular pressure on colon cancer cell adhesion.
Beyond Poisson: Increased Spike-Time Regularity across Primate Parietal Cortex

Cortical areas differ in their patterns of connectivity, cellular composition, and functional architecture. Spike trains, on the other hand, are commonly assumedto follow similarly irregulardynamics across neocortex. We examined spike-time statistics in four parietal areas using a method that accounts for nonstationarities in firing rate. We found that, whereas neurons in visual areas fire irregularly, many cells in association and motor-like parietal regions show increasingly regular spike trains by comparison. Regularity was evident both in the shape of interspike interval distributions and in spike-count variability across trials. Thus, Poisson-like randomness is not a universal feature of neocortex. Rather, many parietal cells have reduced trial-to-trial variability in spike counts that could provide for more reliable firing-rate signals. These results suggest that spiking dynamics may play different roles in different cortical areas and should not be assumed to arise from fundamentally irreducible noise sources.
The Rediscovery of the Human: Basic Texts of Viktor E. Frankl

The Rediscovery of the Human: Basic Texts of Viktor E. Frankl. Translated by Rabbi Dr. Shimon Cowen and Liesl Kosma. Monographs in Judaism and Civilization. Melbourne: Institute for Judaism and Civilization, 2006. ISBN 0-9585933-5-3, 74 pages.Three seminal essays by Viktor Frankl highlight the deep spirituality that he believed to be at the heart of man's search for meaning and purpose in this world. Humanity returns consciously or unconsciously to this universal spirituality in its quest for a fulfilling existence.
The blind simulation problem and regenerative processes

Blind simulation techniques are Monte Carlo simulation strategies that can be carried out with little or no knowledge of the underlying probability law. We first show (in the independent and identically distributed setting) that by a strategy of selectively throwing away data samples, we can achieve arbitrarily close to the optimal performance gains promised by the importance sampling strategy known as quick simulation. In our attempt to generalize our results to Markovian structures, we are led necessarily to a consideration of their regeneration structure and hence to a general consideration of regenerative processes. We derive several new large deviation results for these processes. Using these techniques we then demonstrate the same surprising results hold for many regenerative processes.
Impaired arteriogenesis in syndecan-1−/− mice

Abstract Background Collateral artery development (arteriogenesis) is an important compensatory response to arterial occlusion caused by atherosclerosis. The heparan sulfate proteoglycan syndecan-1 (sdc1) has previously been shown to affect the response to arterial injury but has yet been studied in arteriogenesis. We tested the hypothesis that sdc1 knockout (sdc1−/−) mice would revascularize more poorly than wild type (wt) mice, and then used bone marrow transplantation experiments to determine whether sdc1's effect on arteriogenesis was due to its presence in the local tissue environment or in bone marrow derived cells. Materials and methods Hindlimb ischemia was induced by femoral artery ligation in wt and sdc1−/− female mice as well as in wt and sdc1−/− female mice transplanted with wt bone marrow or in wt mice transplanted with sdc1−/− bone marrow. Blood flow recovery was assessed by laser Doppler perfusion imaging. Arteriogenesis was assessed by measuring the diameter of the dominant collateral pathway after pressure perfusion fixation and intra-aortic contrast injection at 28 d. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess angiogenesis and peri-collateral macrophage infiltration at 7 d, postoperatively. Results Sdc1−/− mice had impaired blood flow recovery in response to hindlimb ischemia. This impaired recovery was not secondary to a defect in capillary angiogenesis nor was it due to decreased peri-collateral macrophage infiltration. Wt bone marrow did not rescue the impaired recovery of sdc1−/− mice. Conclusions Sdc1 affects arteriogenesis in response to hindlimb ischemia and is required in the local tissue environment for normal arteriogenesis.
Australian Lasioglossum + Homalictus form a monophyletic group: resolving the "Australian enigma".

The bee genus Lasioglossum includes > 1,000 species of bees distributed on all continents except Antarctica. Lasioglossum is a major component of the bee fauna in the Holarctic, Ethiopian, and Asian regions and is an important group for investigating the evolution of social behavior in bees. Given its cosmopolitan distribution, the historical biogeography of the genus is of considerable interest. We reconstructed phylogenetic relationships among the subgenera and species within Lasioglossum s.s., using DNA sequence data from a slowly evolving nuclear gene, elongation factor-1 alpha. The entire data set includes > 1,604 aligned nucleotide sites (including three exons plus two introns) for 89 species (17 outgroups plus 72 ingroups). Parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses provide strong evidence that the primarily Indoaustralian subgenera (Homalictus, Chilalictus, Parasphecodes) form a monophyletic group. Bootstrap support for the Australian clade ranged from 73% to 77%, depending on the method of analysis. Monophyly of the Australian Lasioglossum suggests that a single colonization event (by way of Southeast Asia and New Guinea) gave rise to a lineage of > 350 native Indoaustralian bees. We discuss the implications of Australian monophyly for resolving the "Australian enigma"--the similarity in social behavior among the Australian halictine bees relative to that of Holarctic groups.
An ent-kaurene-derived diterpenoid virulence factor from Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola.

Summary Both plants and fungi produce ent-kaurene as a precursor to the gibberellin plant hormones. A number of rhizobia contain functionally conserved, sequentially acting ent-copalyl diphosphate and ent-kaurene synthases (CPS and KS, respectively), which are found within a well-conserved operon that may lead to the production of gibberellins. Intriguingly, the rice bacterial leaf streak pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc) contains a homologous operon. Here, we report biochemical characterization of the encoded CPS and KS, and the impact of insertional mutagenesis on virulence and the plant defense response for these genes, as well as that for one of the cytochromes P450 (CYP112) found in the operon. Activity of the CPS and KS found in this phytopathogen was verified – that is, Xoc is capable of producing ent-kaurene. Moreover, knocking out CPS, KS or CYP112 led to mutant Xoc that exhibited reduced virulence. Investigation of the effect on marker gene transcript levels suggests that the Xoc diterpenoid affects the plant defense response, most directly that mediated by jasmonic acid (JA). Xoc produces an ent-kaurene-derived diterpenoid as a virulence factor, potentially a gibberellin phytohormone, which is antagonistic to JA, consistent with the recent recognition of opposing effects for these phytohormones on the microbial defense response.
ShyLU: A Hybrid-Hybrid Solver for Multicore Platforms

With the ubiquity of multicore processors, it is crucial that solvers adapt to the hierarchical structure of modern architectures. We present ShyLU, a “hybrid-hybrid” solver for general sparse linear systems that is hybrid in two ways: First, it combines direct and iterative methods. The iterative part is based on approximate Schur complements where we compute the approximate Schur complement using a value-based dropping strategy or structure-based probing strategy. Second, the solver uses two levels of parallelism via hybrid programming (MPI+threads). ShyLU is useful both in shared-memory environments and on large parallel computers with distributed memory. In the latter case, it should be used as a subdomain solver. We argue that with the increasing complexity of compute nodes, it is important to exploit multiple levels of parallelism even within a single compute node. We show the robustness of ShyLU against other algebraic preconditioners. ShyLU scales well up to 384 cores for a given problem size. We also study the MPI-only performance of ShyLU against a hybrid implementation and conclude that on present multicore nodes MPI-only implementation is better. However, for future multicore machines (96 or more cores) hybrid/ hierarchical algorithms and implementations are important for sustained performance.
Role of Helicobacter pylori CagA Molecular Variations in Induction of Host Phenotypes with Carcinogenic Potential

Helicobacter pylori cagA-positive strains exert population-specific risks for gastric cancer. We determined whether variations in CagA phosphorylation motifs were associated with carcinogenic or proinflammatory epithelial phenotypes induced by strains from regions with divergent cancer risks (Colombia and Nashville, TN). Motif number was significantly related to levels of CagA phosphorylation and cytoskeletal abnormalities. Precancerous isolates possessed a higher number of motifs, and precancerous strains from Nashville induced higher levels of IL-8 than Colombian strains. These results indicate that CagA variants are linked with premalignant lesions in distinct populations and that epithelial responses to these strains are selective based upon locale.
Women’s Perceptions of Personal Cardiovascular Risk and Their Risk-Reducing Behaviors

• BACKGROUND Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death in women. Risk factors include smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and obesity. Without an understanding of these risk factors, women are poorly prepared to carry out preventive self-care actions to reduce their risk. • OBJECTIVES To describe perceptions of cardiovascular risk factors and risk-reducing behaviors among women with newly diagnosed coronary heart disease. • METHODS A descriptive study was done in a large midwestern suburban hospital. A nonprobability sample of 33 women with coronary heart disease completed a mail questionnaire. Data were collected by using the Coronary Heart Disease Knowledge Test, the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II, and questions developed for the study. • RESULTS Thirty-three women responded. Mean age was 65.64 years (range, 36-85 years; SD, 11.32 years); mean educational level was 12.67 years (range, 8-18 years; SD, 1.79 years). Most of the respondents could not identify personal cardiovascular risk factors; the risks identified were considerably fewer and differed from those documented in the women’s medical records. Women reported moderate levels of most risk-reducing behaviors and low levels of physical activity. • CONCLUSIONS Women with coronary heart disease may not know what risk factors they have. Women must have their risk factors assessed and should be counseled about those risks. (American Journal of Critical Care. 2002;11:221-227)
Severe hypothermia with osborn waves in diabetic ketoacidosis

Though the management of acute diabetic ke-toacidosis centers on correcting hyperglycemia and elec-trolyte abnormalities, other important metabolic derange-mentsmaybeseen.Specifically,hypothermiamaybebotha cause and consequence of diabetic ketoacidosis, and theseverity of the hypothermia correlates with the severity ofthe illness.The case presented below highlights a presentation ofsevere diabetic ketoacidosis associated with hypothermia,which caused distinctive changes (Osborn waves) on theelectrocardiogram (ECG). In the setting of diabetic keto-acidosis the recognition of ECG changes characteristic ofhypothermia will help guide management and avoid themisdiagnosis of an ST-segment elevation myocardial in-farction.
Diagnosing conflict factors in calculus through students' writings

Abstract One means of effecting innovation in calculus teaching and learning involves curricular change, but implementing a reform calculus curriculum does not mean necessarily that students go beyond rote learning and symbolic manipulation. In this paper, we document a process of self-reflection, during which the teacher-as-researcher engaged in analysis of students' written responses to prompts that were intended to inform the teacher about students' understanding of fundamental concepts.
Incidence and significance of Hemophilus vaginalis in nonspecific vaginitis

Abstract Publications in the last decade relating to H. vaginalis have established the existence of this organism, but have left doubt as to its significance, pathogenicity, and prevalence. The present study was an effort to add additional data to the role and incidence of H. vaginalis , and to describe our laboratory and clinical experience with the organism. H. vaginalis was recovered from 22.3 per cent of 121 patients studied, 59 per cent of whom were symptomatic for nonspecific vaginitis. In 74 per cent of our positive cases, H. vaginalis occurred as the predominant organism.
Military Expenditures and Profit Rates: Evidence from OECD Countries

This article provides evidence of the effect of military expenditures on the rate of profits for 24 OECD countries for the period of 1963–2008 by employing a panel autoregressive distributed lag model within a Marxist framework for the first time. Findings show that while for the whole period there is positive linkage between military expenditures and profit rates, in the post-1980 era the impact of military expenditures is negative. Findings suggest weak evidence that there is positive linkage between military expenditures and profit rates for arms-exporting countries and negative linkage for non-arms-exporting countries.
Current indications for hip resurfacing arthroplasty in 2016

Hip resurfacing arthroplasty (HRA) is an alternative to conventional, stemmed total hip arthroplasty (THA). The best reported results are young, active patients with good bone stock and a diagnosis of osteoarthritis. Since the 1990s, metal-on-metal (MoM) HRA has achieved excellent outcomes when used in the appropriate patient population. Concerns regarding the metal-on-metal bearing surface including adverse local tissue reaction (ALTR) to metal debris have recently lead to a decline in the use of this construct. The current paper aims to provide an updated review on HRA, including a critical review of the most recent literature on HRA.
Optimization of a Novel Quinazolinone-Based Series of Transient Receptor Potential A1 (TRPA1) Antagonists Demonstrating Potent in Vivo Activity.

There has been significant interest in developing a transient receptor potential A1 (TRPA1) antagonist for the treatment of pain due to a wealth of data implicating its role in pain pathways. Despite this, identification of a potent small molecule tool possessing pharmacokinetic properties allowing for robust in vivo target coverage has been challenging. Here we describe the optimization of a potent, selective series of quinazolinone-based TRPA1 antagonists. High-throughput screening identified 4, which possessed promising potency and selectivity. A strategy focused on optimizing potency while increasing polarity in order to improve intrinisic clearance culminated with the discovery of purinone 27 (AM-0902), which is a potent, selective antagonist of TRPA1 with pharmacokinetic properties allowing for >30-fold coverage of the rat TRPA1 IC50 in vivo. Compound 27 demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of AITC-induced flinching in rats, validating its utility as a tool for interrogating the role of TRPA1 in i...
Aggregation of Pteronarcella badia nymphs and effects of interaction with Claassenia sabulosa (Plecoptera)

Claassenia sabulosa (Banks) and Pteronarcella badia (Hagen) stonefly nymphs were examined for distributional responses in an experimental setting. In treatments with single individuals and groups of four, P. badia, a shredder, distributed itself in proportion to the available surface area among fibrous, non-food substrates of different sizes. In treatments with four and fourteen P. badia, the nymphs demonstrated aggregation, often with body contact. Its distribution became random and significantly different from substrate surface area in the presence of C. sabulosa, a predator, indicating an interspecific interaction.
Use of Acoustic Transmitter-Equipped Remote Sedation to Aid in Tracking and Capture of Entangled California Sea Lions (Zalophus californianus)

Abstract Free-ranging California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) with marine debris entanglements were darted with a combination of medetomidine, butorphanol, and midazolam by using acoustic transmitter-equipped darts. Of the 15 animals sedated, 13 (87%) reentered the water and were tracked by using a unidirectional hydrophone. Sea lions that entered the water continued to surface and breathe postsedation. There were three mortalities (20%) during the course of this study due to the following: suspected drowning caused by entrapment under a dock, overdose due to inaccurate weight estimation, and trauma caused by a dart puncturing the animal's abdomen. The drug combination, new dart design, and tracking techniques allowed for successful remote sedation and capture of California sea lions in high-risk situations and improved our ability to determine the final outcome for all cases. These methods allow targeting and capture of individual animals, while minimizing disturbance to other animals.
A Brief Economic Analysis of Blood Procurement, Institutions and Practices

Blood procurement and distribution might appear to be an unusual topic for economists but economics has a role whenever members of society have goals or objectives and there does not exist an abundance of means to satisfy these goals. In a broader context, economists examine efficiency of alternative institutional mechanisms through which individual preferences can be expressed and pursued and through which information on real costs can be revealed.
Are fast pilgrims true pilgrims? The Shikoku pilgrimage

• Western constructions of pilgrimage equate slow travel with true or authentic pilgrimages.
Women’s perceptions of the usefulness of group music therapy in addictions recovery

ABSTRACTThis study represents our attempt to uncover aspects of group music therapy that women with addictions perceive as useful toward recovery – factors that have yet to be clearly identified in existing literature. Women in residential treatment for addictions to heroin and other substances were surveyed following group music therapy sessions involving vocal and instrumental re-creation, listening, and improvisation. Qualitative content analysis of data revealed four major findings. We learned that treatment is, in fact, seen as useful by these particular women and that Yalom’s theory provides a meaningful framework for identifying, understanding, and fostering mechanisms within the group music therapy experience that contribute to improved well-being, such as catharsis, self-understanding, group cohesiveness, and instillation of hope. We also learned that certain intrapersonal aspects of therapy are thought to be helpful, such as those leading to desired changes in mood state, energy, sense of self, ...
Roentgenographic Diagnosis of Heart Disease: Second of Two Parts

The altered hemodynamics that accompany cardiac abnormalities are manifested by pathologic changes. Recognition of these changes as they appear on x-ray is helpful in the diagnosis of cardiac disease.
Abstract 478: EWS/FLI1 transcription is modulated by the PI3K pathway via SP1 in Ewing sarcoma

Ewing sarcoma (ES) is the second most frequent bone cancer in childhood and it is characterized by the presence of the balanced t(11;22)(q24;q12) translocation in more than 85% of cases, generating a dysregulated transcription factor EWS/FLI1. ES belongs to small-round-blue-cell tumors and it is a very aggressive osteolytic cancer with early tendency for development of metastasis. Mostly it affects bones such as pelvis, femour and ribs but can also arise in soft tissues, mainly in adults. EWS/FLI1 is an essential oncogenic component of ES development which is necessary for tumor cell maintenance, through inappropriate regulation of target genes that are crucial for the fully malignant phenotype. Therefore, EWS/FLI1 represents an attractive therapeutic target. Screening of a small library of 153 targeted compounds has identified inhibitors of the PI3K pathway as main modulators of EWS/FLI1 activity and surprisingly this was due to an effect of the compound on EWS/FLI1 transcription. Indeed, treatment of four different ES cell lines with BEZ235 (PI3K-mTOR inhibitor) resulted in downregulation of EWS/FLI1 by 50% expression with subsequent modulation of target gene expression. Analysis of the EWS/FLI1 promoter region (-2239/+67) using various deletion constructs identified two 14bp minimal elements, named Del2 and Del23 region, as being important for EWS/FLI1 transcription. Based on in silico prediction and on in vivo data, we were able to predict 4 transcription factor candidates to bind this region and being responsive to PI3K regulation. Among these, SP1 was identified as modulator of EWS/FLI1 gene expression by siRNA. Various approches such as qRT-PCR, Western Blot and Immunofluorescence confirmed a reduction of EWS/FLI1 in Ewing cells when PI3Kαγδ and SP1 were depleted; Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA) and Chromatine Immuno Precipitation (ChIP) both confirmed that the transcription factor SP1 is indeed binding to Del23 region of the EWS/FLI1 promoter. In summary, our results provide the very first insights on the transcriptional regulation of EWS/FLI1, an area that has not been investigated so far, and offer a molecular explanation for the known sensitivity of ES cell lines to PI3K inhibition. Citation Format: Chiara Giorgi, Alexander Boro, Laura A. Lopez-Garcia, Beat W. Schaefer, Felix K. Niggli. EWS/FLI1 transcription is modulated by the PI3K pathway via SP1 in Ewing sarcoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 478. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-478
Devotion, Theology and the Sensus Fidelium

The potential unwieldiness of popular religiosity and devotional spirituality and their ambiguous relationship with the liturgy have made them objects of perennial ecclesiastical concern. More recently, magisterial discussion of popular religiosity has come to value more positively its cultural and anthropological value and its spiritual content. The reforms of Vatican II were followed by a significant demise in devotionalism amongst Northern European and North American Catholics, yet demographic change and other factors have resulted in the resurgence of popular religious devotions. Manifestations of grassroots faith may express valuable convictions and important insights, including the value of the collective and the non-verbal. However, these values may be easily dismissed by social elites for aesthetic reasons, or by academic theologians for reasons of the cultural milieu and preferences of academia. Given the preference of the theological tradition for lexical intelligibility, and the symbolic and the physical nature of many kinds of popular religiosity, how the sub-disciplines of theology may now responsibly and respectfully treat these perduring phenomena is not clear. A healthy relationship between the fides qua and the fides quae demands taking seriously the sensus fidelium, understood as a broad experience that embraces the daily lives and local circumstances of Christians as well as their worship. The contemporary construal of the discipline of Christian Spirituality, understood as the study of Christian experience, promises to provide a multidisciplinary approach that can address the topic of popular religiosity and devotional practice.
Cross-modal event summarization: A network of networks approach

We present the design and implementation of an automated event summarization system that leverages publicly available data from online sources. A novel Network of Networks (NoN) model is proposed to represent a multimodal data set comprising microblog posts, news articles, and images that describe current attitudes, trends, and events being shared by individuals and organizations. In this model, networks are arranged in layers that represent the different modalities, and the nodes within a given layer account for the information in that modality. Edges connect pairs of nodes — possibly from different modalities — based on the topical similarity of the content. A novel ranking algorithm is developed that selects a topically diverse collection of nodes across the different layers (i.e., tuples) that serve as representative highlights of the events described in the network. Tuples are subsequently stitched together in a temporal sequence in order to generate a consistent event storyline. This stitching is accomplished by framing the problem as a modified longest path problem in a directed acyclic graph. Our proposed system has been fully implemented using parallel computing paradigms for scalable data processing and real-time analysis, and initial experiments have been conducted on real-world events to demonstrate the effectiveness of the system.
Are some of the stigmas of addictions culturally sanctioned

We provide three examples of how addiction stigma is sanctioned: (a) discrimination against people with addictions is often legal; (b) public health communications frequently use stigma to promote prevention; (c) some programmes, such as '12 steps' promote self-stigma. The implications of sanctioned stigma for stigma-change programmes are then discussed.
Decreased angiotensin-converting enzyme in the adult respiratory distress syndrome.

Using hippuryl-L-histidyl-L-leucine as substrate, serum angiotensin-converting enzyme was measured in 13 patients who had adult respiratory distress syndrome, eight patients with respiratory failure without adult respiratory distress syndrome, and two groups of controls: 24 healthy blood donors and 24 hospitalized patients with a variety of conditions but without respiratory failure or adult respiratory distress syndrome. Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme expressed in units/ml was 14.60 +/- 5.60 for adult respiratory distress syndrome compared with 28.92 +/- 6.60 for the blood donors, 20.76 +/- 5.87 for the patients with respiratory failure without adult respiratory distress syndrome and 20.20 +/- 5.94 in the hospitalized patients without respiratory failure or adult respiratory distress syndrome. These differences were significant, P less than .001 when adult respiratory distress syndrome was tested against the blood donors and P less than .01 against the other two groups. The significance of these findings is not clear, but the possibility is raised that the decrease of angiotensin-converting enzyme in adult respiratory distress syndrome results from a loss of pulmonary endothelial cells, which are known both to produce angiotensin-converting enzyme and to be damaged in adult respiratory distress syndrome.
Leaks in Latina/o Students' College-Going Pipeline: Consequences of Educational Expectation Attrition.

This study predicts Latina/o student attrition at two phases in the college-going pipeline. Findings suggest that academic achievement mediates Latina/o students’ attrition from expectations to col...
How Many Robocalls are too Many? Results from a Large-Scale Field Experiment

This study evaluates the turnout effects of automated telephone calls placed to voters in advance of the 2016 Texas primary election. Voters in 23 state legislative districts were assigned to recei...
Endoscopic Versus Open Carpal Tunnel Release: A Detailed Analysis Using Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing at an Academic Medical Center

Purpose In order to effectively improve value in health care delivery , providers must thoroughly understand cost drivers. Time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) is a novel accounting technique that may allow for precise characterization of procedural costs. The purpose of the present study was to use TDABC to characterize costs in a high-volume, low-complexity ambulatory procedure (endoscopic vs open carpal tunnel release [CTR]), identify cost drivers, and inform opportunities for clinical improvement. Methods The costs of endoscopic and open CTR were calculated in a matched cohort investigation using TDABC. Detailed process maps including time stamps were created accounting for all clinical and administrative activities for both the endoscopic and the open treatment pathways on the day of ambulatory surgery . Personnel cost rates were calculated accounting for capacity, salary, and fringe benefits. Costs for direct consumable supplies were based on purchase price. Total costs were calculated by aggregating individual resource utilization and time data and were compared between the 2 surgical techniques. Results Total procedural cost for the endoscopic CTR was 43.9% greater than the open technique ($2,759.70 vs $1,918.06). This cost difference was primarily driven by the disposable endoscopic blade assembly ($217), direct operating room costs related to procedural duration (44.8 vs 40.5 minutes), and physician labor. Conclusions Endoscopic CTR is 44% more expensive than open CTR compared with a TDABC methodology at an academic medical center employing resident trainees. Granular cost data may be particularly valuable when comparing these 2 procedures, given the clinical equipoise of the surgical techniques. The identification of specific cost drivers with TDABC allows for targeted interventions to optimize value delivery. Type of study/level of evidence Economic Analysis II.
Enhanced Skip-List Search Algorithm in 3-Layer Mediator Framework

The Three-Layer distributed mediation architecture, designed by Secure System Architecture laboratory, employed a layered framework of presence, integration, and homogenization mediators. The architecture does not have any central component that may affect the system reliability. A distributed search technique was adapted in the system to increase its reliability. An Enhanced Chord-like algorithm (E-Chord) was designed and deployed in the integration layer. The E-Chord is a skip-list algorithm based on Distributed Hash Table (DHT) which is a distributed but structured architecture. DHT is distributed in the sense that no central unit is required to maintain indexes, and it is structured in the sense that indexes are distributed over the nodes in a systematic manner. Each node maintains three kind of routing information: a frequency list, a successor/predecessor list, and a finger table. None of the nodes in the system maintains all indexes, and each node knows about some other nodes in the system. These nodes, also called composer mediators, were connected in a P2P fashion. A special composer mediator called a global mediator initiates the keyword-based matching decomposition of the request using the E-Chord. It generates an Integrated Data Structure Graph (IDSG) on the fly, creates association and dependency relations between nodes in the IDSG, and then generates a Global IDSG (GIDSG). The GIDSG graph is a plan which guides the global mediator how to integrate data. It is also used to stream data from the mediators in the homogenization layer which connected to the data sources. The connectors start sending the data to the global mediator just after the global mediator creates the GIDSG and just before the global mediator sends the answer to the presence mediator. Using the E-Chord and GIDSG made the mediation system more scalable than using a central global schema repository since all the composers in the integration layer are capable of handling and routing requests. Also, when a composer fails, it would only minimally affect the entire mediation system.
Interaction of a cylindrical cavity with a periodically supported thin shell liner

The coupled axisymmetric problem of a periodically supported circular cylindrical shell bonded to a cylindrical cavity in an infinite isotropic, homogeneous elastic body is investigated. Explicit expressions for the resulting Fourier coefficients are obtained and convergence of the solution is established. Numerical results for two different shell materials in contact with a typical geologic formation are presented.