cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Allele-specific protein-DNA interactions between the single-stranded DNA-binding protein, ssA-TIBF, and DNA replication determinants in Tetrahymena

Type I elements are multifunctional, cis-acting determinants that regulate the initiation of DNA replication, replication fork movement and transcription of the Tetrahymena thermophila rDNA minichromosome. Previous studies identified a protein, ssA-TIBF, that binds specifically to the A-rich strand of type I elements. Here, we examine interactions of ssA-TIBF with the wild-type C3 allele, and a natural variant, B rDNA, which manifests a defect in replication initiation and fork pausing. Purified ssA-TIBF is a homotetramer that binds one substrate molecule and contacts DNA via a single 24 kDa subunit. Both the A-rich and T-rich strands of type I elements are bound by ssA-TIBF, suggesting that this protein might stabilize replication origins in their unwound state. Nucleotides downstream of type I elements contribute to DNA binding, with the extent of DNA-protein contact being greater for wild-type C3 rDNA compared to B rDNA. Allele-specific protein-DNA contacts also occur within the conserved type I element itself. Despite these differences, the binding affinities of ssA-TIBF for C3 and B rDNA substrates are indistinguishable. Consequently, the mode of DNA binding must account for any role ssA-TIBF might play in the regulation of rDNA replication.
Bilateral bargaining, pareto optimality, and the empirical frequency of impasse

Abstract An experimental bilateral bargaining mechanism is developed for use on a computer and then studied under two types of time constraint. First a single buyer and single seller are allowed to negotiate a market contract during one long experimental session. The relative Pareto optimality results of these negotiations are comparable to the benchmark Siegel and Fourakel bargaining experiments. Then, by shortening the time of each contract negotiation period and replicating these periods over one long experimental session, a multiperiod version of the bilateral mechanism is examined. Using this repetitive mechanism, the occurrence of an impasse as a bargaining tool becomes important. The multiple contract Pareto optimality results and multiple impasse occurrences are then compared to the original single contract results.
Nest predator distribution among clearcut forest, forest edge and forest interior in an extensively forested landscape

Abstract The distribution of avian and mammalian nest predator species in clearcut forest, forest edge and forest interior habitats was assessed on four study plots in 1992 and 1993 using line transect counts. Red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) and eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus) were detected more often than expected by chance in mature forest than clearcut forest (P 0.05) and was not significantly correlated with conifer basal area or distance from clearcut borders (P>0.05). We conclude that the distribution of two important nest predator species, the eastern chipmunk and the red squirrel, are primarily influenced by the distribution of conifers. However, the distribution of eastern chipmunks and red squirrels are affected by clearcut borders as well.
Bioanalytical chemistry: Protein oligomers frozen in time

The size and shape of amyloid-β protein assemblies have been studied using electrospray-ionization ion-mobility mass spectrometry, and the protein tetramers and dodecamers have been identified as an important oligomerization state in the development of neurodegenerative disease.
A combined BIT and TIMESTAMP algorithm for the list update problem

We present a randomized on-line algorithm for the list update problem which achieves a competitive factor of 1.6, the best known so far. The algorithm makes an initial random choice between two known algorithms that have different worst-case request sequences. The first is the BIT algorithm that, for each item in the list, alternates between moving it to the front of the list and leaving it at its place after it has been requested. The second is a TIMESTAMP algorithm that moves an item in front of less often requested items within the list.
Plakophilin 2 affects cell migration by modulating focal adhesion dynamics and integrin protein expression.

Plakophilin 2 (PKP2), a desmosome component, modulates the activity and localization of the ce:small-caps GTPase RhoA at sites of cell–cell contact. PKP2 regulates cortical actin rearrangement during junction formation, and its loss is accompanied by an increase in actin stress fibers. We hypothesized that PKP2 may regulate focal adhesion dynamics and cell migration. Here we show that PKP2-deficient cells bind efficiently to the extracellular matrix, but upon spreading display total cell areas ∼30% ce:small-capser than control cells. Focal adhesions in PKP2-deficient cells are ∼2 × larger and more stable than in control cells, and vinculin displays an increased time for fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. Furthermore, β4 and β1 integrin protein and mRNA expression is elevated in PKP2-silenced cells. Normal focal adhesion phenotypes can be restored in PKP2-null cells by dampening the RhoA pathway or silencing β1 integrin. However, integrin expression levels are not restored by RhoA signaling inhibition. These data uncover a potential role for PKP2 upstream of β1 integrin and RhoA in integrating cell–cell and cell–substrate contact signaling in basal keratinocytes necessary for the morphogenesis, homeostasis, and reepithelialization of the stratified epidermis.
Atmospheric aerosol characterization using multiwavelength multistatic light scattering

A sensor for measuring scattering at multiple wavelengths and multiple angles has been designed and is being tested for the characterization of atmospheric aerosols. Charge coupled device (CCD) imagers are used to record scattering measurements at two polarizations and as a function of angle relative to the co-aligned laser beams. A diffraction grating is used to spatially separate the wavelengths across the field-of-view of the CCD array, allowing simultaneous measurements at multiple wavelengths. Experiments are conducted to measure the scattering intensities for two polarizations at discrete wavelengths that span the visible spectrum. The data from the CCD images are inverted using a genetic algorithm and Mie scatter equations to determine aerosol properties of artificially generated fog. The results are compared with in-situ measurements of the aerosol size distribution and concentration using an aerodynamic particle sizer spectrometer and a condensation particle counter.
Past history and degree of depression in paraplegic individuals

The purpose of this study was to attempt to collect sufficient data to substantiate the clinical impression that the degree of depression in the paraplegic and his past history are correlated. It was hypothesised that the poorer the past history, the greater the degree of depression in paraplegic individuals. This study was conducted on ten paraplegic subjects from the Spinal Cord Clinic at Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, based on data obtained from the administration and scoring of the Depression Scale (D-scale) of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and by the clinical observation by the consulting psychiatrist with the Spinal Injury Clinic. Past history was assumed measurable as 'favourable' to 'poor' by the use of an original questionnaire. The results of this investigation suggested a relationship between a paraplegic individual's past history and the degree of depression. The study was deemed significant in presentation of an original past history questionnaire and in the prediction of future difficulties in the rehabilitation of paraplegics so that preventive measures could be instituted.
Heterogeneous equilibria in the Ru-H2O, Ru-Cl-H2O and Ru-S-H2O systems

Abstract Logarithmic activity-activity diagrams, including Eh-pH, log{M}-pH and log{ligand}-pH diagrams have been generated with the aid of the DIAGRAM computer program for the systems Ru-H 2 O, Ru-Cl-H 2 O and Ru-S-H 2 O at 25 °C. Analysis of these diagrams indicates that elemental ruthenium exhibits a large stability field in aqueous solution, dissolving to Ru(III) and Ru(IV) species in acidic solutions only at relatively high oxidation potentials. Anhydrous RuO 2 spans most of the pH range in aqueous solution so it is relatively stable in both acidic and alkaline solutions. Hydrated amorphous RuO 2 is less stable than the anhydrous dioxide. A series of chloro or mixed hydroxo-chloro complexes form in the presence of chloride ions and their stability domains depend on both the Cl − ion concentration and the oxidation potential. The sulfide RuS 2 is also stable in aqueous solution. The implications of these diagrams for dissolution and precipitation processes are discussed.
Paternal defence, cannibalism and polygamy: factors influencing the reproductive success of painted greenling (Pisces, Hexagrammidae)

Abstract The relative costs and benefits of paternal egg-guarding behaviour were identified for painted greenling, Oxylebius pictus , a small fish inhabiting temperate rock reefs. Because males must guard embryos against conspecifics of both sexes and against other fishes, their movements were curtailed, and an energy cost resulted. The males' somatic condition declined in proportion to the time spent guarding. Paternal males partially compensated by cannibalizing a small fraction of their progeny. Male O. pictus thus parasitize females by consuming their spawn. Polygamous matings were nonetheless advantageous for individual females as well as for males. The reproductive success of males and females increased for male broods with greater numbers of clutches, because there was a general dilution of predation loss in larger broods. The success of females, moreover, varied depending on the rank (chronological) order of spawning; success was greater for those that contributed earliest to the male's brood. The results support the hypothesis that the breeding cycles typical of paternal teleosts have evolved partly because of energy costs imposed by site-dependent care. For multiple-clutch species with protracted breeding seasons like O. pictus , the long-term benefits of polygamous spawnings perhaps outweight short-term losses sufficiently for filial cannibalism to evolve and be maintained. Alternatively (or in addition), the foraging milieu may exert a stronger average environmental influence than kin selection does.
Effects of reserpine and benzoquinolizines on limbic system excitability, brain amine storage and plasma corticosterone level in rats.

Abstract Comparison of the effects of reserpine and several benzoquinolizines on hippocampal excitability and levels of corticosterone in plasma indicate that these compounds, which block brain amine storage processes, increase hippocampal excitability and plasma corticoid levels. In contrast, compounds which fail to block 5HT storage have no effect upon these indices of CNS function. This evidence indicates that reserpine-induced effects on hippocampus and on plasma corticosterone levels are related to changes in brain 5HT.
Changes in the relative distribution and properties of smooth endoplasmic reticulum subfractions isolated from the livers of rats fed 2-acetylaminofluorene.

Abstract A marked increase in the amount and relative proportion of fraction II of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER II) and a concomitant decrease in the SER I fraction were observed in the liver of male Sprague—Dawley rats fed diets containing 0.05% (w/w) 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) for various lengths of time (3–18 weeks). The amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), which remained at control levels after 3 weeks of AAF feeding, i.e. before the appearance of hyperplastic nodules (HPN), was clearly decreased after 18 weeks of continuous AAF-feeding (HPN present). When the rats were subjected to 4 or 5 cycles of interrupted AAF feeding, similar increases in SER II were also observed both in the homogenates of HPN-containing livers, as well as in the homogenates of HPN dissected out from the surrounding liver tissue. SER II, the predominant microsomal membrane fraction in the livers of rats fed AAF for 3 weeks, showed the highest level of induction of epoxide hydrolase. A marked elevation of the manganese-dependent enhancement of polysome binding in vitro was also observed in SER II from the livers of AAF-fed rats.
Relationships involving third moments and bispectra of a harmonic process

Relationships between third moments of a harmonic random process and its bispectrum are presented. The skewness and asymmetry (with respect to a vertical axis) of the process and its derivative can be obtained by integrating the real, imaginary, and frequency-scaled real and imaginary parts of the bispectrum, respectively. Triads of Fourier coefficients containing a high-frequency component can contribute substantially to the third moments of the derivative of the process.
Morphologic characteristics of the placenta in glycogen storage disease type II (α-1,4-glycosidase deficiency)

Five placentas from infants with enzymatically diagnosed glycogen storage disease type II (three from midtrimester abortions, two from term deliveries) were studied by light and electron microscopy. On routine histologic examination with hematoxylin and eosin staining, storage cells were identifiable in the connective tissue of the amnion. These cells provide the means to diagnose this glycogen storage disease prior to the development of clinical symptoms. Electron microscopy, even in the midtrimester placenta, shows typical membrane-bound, glycogen-filled vacuoles in the villous endothelium and stromal cells. These vacuoles can provide confirmation of glycogen storage in cases of prenatal enzymatic diagnosis and therapeutic abortion.
Real-time biocatalyst loading and electron transfer via microfabricated transparent electrode

Real-time and simultaneous measurements of bacterial catalyst loading and electron transfer have been accomplished via a microfabricated transparent electrode within the setup of a micro- microbial fuel cell (μMFC). By characterizing the electron transfer on a per cell basis, we aim to generate a methodology for species-to-species comparison and formulate a baseline for electrode optimizations. This is critical and fundamental knowledge to be explored within the scope of MFCs as power devices with direct implications to molecular cell biology. Preliminary results are presented showing that, using Geobacter sulfurreducens, a signal to noise ratio (SNR) of 11 can be achieved upon inoculation and single cells can be non-invasively and accurately identified using intrinsic fluorescence.
Wraparound image algebra: a unified-signal algebra approach

ABSTRACTSeveral wraparound image processing environments are introduced. Operations in these environments are given along with equationalidentities. Mappings between wraparound environments such as triple convolution and Volterra convolution are also presented in pointwiseand parallel algorithms.1. WRAPAROUND ENVIRONMENTS FOR IMAGE PROCESSINGWraparound or cyclic environments are frequently encountered in engineering disciplines. Cyclic linear block codes utilize wraparound code words. A shift of a code word results in another codeword with symbols of the former word moved one unit to the right andwith the first symbol being the last symbol of the original code word illustrating the wraparound effect. Similarly, Karnaugh maps inswitching theory involve two dimensional wraparound arrays whereboundary cells in the same row (or column) are treated as adjacent cells. These maps are often thought to exist on the surface of adoughnut or genus one surface. The digital processing of images can
Timeliness of the contents of certain legal publications

Abstract Librarians and lawyers depend on the publishers of legal materials to provide quick access to the court opinions, statutes, and regulations needed for legal research. There has been no systematic study, however, of the comparative speed with which legal publications provide the text of legal documents to users. This article presents a statistical analysis of the performance of certain commonly used legal publications, measured by the time elapsed from the issuance of a legal document to the receipt by a library of a publication containing that document. The article concludes that some of the truisms of legal research (that, for instance, official reporters of court opinions are always slower than commercially published reporters) are questionable, and that more extensive and refined statistical analysis is needed to ascertain the efficiency of the legal publication system.
Characterization of the Actin Cross-linking Properties of the Scruin-Calmodulin Complex from the Acrosomal Process of Limulus Sperm

During activation of the Limulus sperm acrosomal process, actin filaments undergo a change in twist that is linked with the conversion from a coiled to a straight scruin-actin bundle. Since scruin had not been purified, its identity as an actin-binding protein has not been demonstrated. Using HECAMEG (methyl-6-O-(N-heptylcarbamoyl)-α-D-glucopyranoside) detergent extraction in concert with high calcium, we purified native scruin and identified it as an equimolar complex with calmodulin. 125I-Calmodulin overlays and calmodulin-Sepharose indicate that scruin binds calmodulin in calcium but not in EGTA. Overlay experiments also map the calmodulin binding site between the putative N- and C-terminal β-propeller domains within residues 425-446. Immunofluorescence microscopy reveals that calmodulin colocalizes with scruin and actin in the coiled bundle. Although scruin binds calmodulin, pelleting assays and electron microscopy show that the scruin cross-links F-actin into bundles independently of calcium. Based on our biochemical and structural studies, we suggest a model to explain how scruin controls a change in twist of actin filaments during the acrosome reaction. We predict that calcium subtly alters scruin conformation through its calmodulin subunit and the conformation change in scruin causes a shift in the relative positions of the scruin-bound actin subunits.
Ellipsometric observations of surface adsorption and molecular interactions of native and modified fibrinogen and factor VIII

The adsorption of native and modified factor VIII and of fibrinogen on gold surfaces has been evaluated by ellipsometiy. Fibrinogen and commercial factor VIII concentrate were adsorbed at similar rates after diffusion in buffered saline at 21°C, and the measured mean thicknesses of the monolayers were 17.3 and 17.4 A respectively. Treatment of factor VIII with CaCl2 (0.25 M) reduced the measured film thickness by 4 A, and reduction of fibrinogen to α,β and γ chains was associated with a 7.7 A loss of film thickness. Thrombin appeared to bind to fibrinogen and stage 1 plasmin digests, but not to stage 2 or 3 digests.
Single-Port Laparoscopic Surgery

Laparoscopic surgery performed through a single-incision is gaining popularity. The demand from the public for even less invasive procedures will motivate surgeons, industry, and academic centers to explore the possibilities and refine the technology. Although the idea seems quite attractive, there are several technological obstacles that are yet to be conquered by improved technology or additional training. The question of safety has yet to be answered and will require well-designed randomized control trials. Opponents to the approach argue that the size of the single incision (see Table 1) is frequently larger than all the standard laparoscopy incisions combined. On the other hand, proponents remember a similar argument from traditional open surgeons during the initial development of laparoscopy. That argument was quickly discredited when the immediate benefits oflaparoscopy were compared with patients undergoing surgery with small laparotomy incisions. During the development of a new technique, the learning curve exposes patients to risk and society to expense. LESS pioneers appear to have reached a level of comfort with technology and techniques that paves the way for scientific scrutiny. Perhaps, the surgical community will capitalize on this situation with randomized, controlled studies and sound evidence to support or refute the benefits of LESS. If we do not seize this opportunity, patient demand and industry's dual edge message of financial success versus fear of losing referrals will lead to a scenario similar to the development of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the 1990s. Regardless of its future, the surgical community will still benefit from a renewed excitement as surgeons aim to continually reduce the amount of pain and trauma our patients must endure. In addition, technological advances on instrumentation will benefit the field of laparoscopy and improve patient care.
Use of Popular and Literary Criticism in Providing Subject Access to Imaginative Literature

This study examines the recent trend towards the provision of subject access to imaginative literature, particularly fiction. Results of the research include: (1) an enumeration of theoretical problems associated with the provision of multi-dimensional subject access to imaginative literature; (2) an investigation of literary criticism's relevance to the subject analysis of works of imaginative literature; (3) an analysis of the denotative and connotative topical elements constituting works of imaginative literature; and (4) an evaluation of the non-standard practice of formulating access points from criticism.
Dietary requirements for essential branched-chain amino acids by lake trout

Abstract In a 12-week growth study of the dietary requirements of young lake trout Salvelinus namaycush for essential branched-chain amino acids, the leucine requirement was between 2.74 and 3.66%, and the isoleucine requirement between 1.54 and 2.06%, of dietary protein (as-fed basis). These ranges are substantially lower than those published and widely used in formulation of salmonid feeds. On the basis of both growth criteria and concentration of free amino acids in blood plasma, the valine requirement was within the range of 1.77 to 2.23% of dietary protein. The upper value of this range is substantially lower than the requirement reported for chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. Plasma valine concentrations in lake trout responded to dietary supplements of valine above the requirement level; the concentrations increased sharply once the requirement was exceeded. This finding is similar to observations recorded in other animals. Received February 4, 1983 Accepted August 7, 1983
Trends in Historical Acid Precursor Emissions and Their Airborne and Precipitation Products

The paper discusses historical bulk deposition data and ambient air quality data for sulfate and nitrate in relation to estimated changes in sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions since the turn of the century. The study focuses on the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada. The quality of available data, segregated into pre-1955 and post-1955 periods, is surveyed. The early period before the 1950s provides much less reliable information than later data. Inspection of the data indicates that, in broad terms, changes in precipitation sulfate and nitrate qualitatively follow patterns of emission change, with declines in sulfate and increases in nitrates. Long-term continuous records of precipitation sulfate show distinct geographical differences so that no single station can be used to infer regionwide trends. Data records suggest that the changes in precipitation sulfate between 1965 and 1980 at rural sites in central New York State and New Hampshire were more influenced by SO/sub 2/ emission changes in nearby source regions rather than by those in more distant source regions. At other sites in western New York and north central Pennsylvania, no proportional relationship was found between emissions and precipitation sulfate during the same period. These results indicate that the hypothesis ofmore » a linear proportionality between SO/sub 2/ emissions and sulfate deposition is not uniformly supported, and that, to the extent it exists, it should be more applicable to SO/sub 2/ emissions from relatively nearby sources in the Northeast. In addition, if sulfate is the principal anion responsible for bulk deposition acidity, the sulfate trends do not support the hypothesis that acidity has increased in recent years in the eastern United States. 55 references.« less
The asymptotic distribution of short cycles in random regular graphs

The probability that a random labelled r -regular graph contains a given number of cycles of given length is investigated asymptotically. Cycles of a finite number of different fixed lengths can be handled simultaneously. For i ≠ j , the probabilities of an i -cycle and a j -cycle occurring are asymptotically independent. The results are actually derived in the more general setting of graphs which have any given degree sequence, as long as the maximum degree is bounded above by a constant. As a special case, an asymptotic formula results for the number of labelled r -regular graphs with a given girth.
Effects of purine amino groups on the development of Drosophila

Abstract 1. The effect of a variety of 6-substituted purines on development of Drosophila melanogaster , eggs and larva, were studied. 2. Purine and 2,6-diaminopurine both were very toxic to egg development. 3. Adenine and 2,6-diaminopurine were moderately and equally toxic to larva development. 4. Substitution on the 6-position of the purine ring was very effective in regulating metamorphosis of Drosophila .
Paraspinal denervation and the spinal degenerative cascade

Abstract Background context: The aging of the spine has been reported to follow a degenerative cascade described by Kirkaldy-Willis. This cascade does not take into account the paraspinal muscles. Substantial recent knowledge of the anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology of the paraspinal muscles suggests that they should play a role in the degenerative cascade. Pain relates to paraspinal denervation in a number of disorders. Using new needle electromyographic technique, MiniPM, we may be able to quantify the extent of paraspinal muscle denervation. Purpose: To explore the potential interactions between paraspinal muscle denervation and the degenerative cascade. Study design: Literature review, reanalysis of a blinded electromyographic study and case reports. Patient sample: A previously reported group of 35 asymptomatic paid volunteers, ages 18 to 58 years. Two elderly volunteers with moderate to severe spinal stenosis on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), one significantly disabled, one asymptomatic. Outcome measures: Blinded electromyographic testing, including MiniPM, a codified, quantified needle electromyography technique for the paraspinal muscles. In the two case reports, magnetic resonance imaging and 15-minute timed ambulation. Methods: The 35 volunteers were tested by a blinded electromyographer using the MiniPM technique. The two older subjects underwent MRI, MiniPM and extensive electrodiagnostic evaluations, functional testing, complete history and physical examination. Results: The patient with symptomatic stenosis had a MiniPM score of 6 on each side, and the asymptomatic volunteer had a score of 0. In the asymptomatic subject group, reproducible evidence for denervation was found in 20 subjects (57%), sparsely distributed, but more caudal than cranial (p Conclusions: Paraspinal denervation may be proven to be a better marker than MRI findings for symptomatic spinal stenosis. Subtle paraspinal muscle denervation occurs frequently in asymptomatic persons. Whether a cause or an effect, paraspinal denervation might lead to hypermobility and thus progression along the degenerative cascade.
Semiquantitative imaging measurement of baseline and vasomodulated normal prostatic blood flow using sildenafil

The physiologic variability of blood flow to the prostate has not been studied until this time. We report the vasoactive effects of sildenafil and phenylephrine on blood flow of the normal prostate. Sildenafil increases prostate blood flow by approximately 75% and phenylephrine reduces the flow incrementally. Administration of these drugs with dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging may improve the diagnosis of cancerous tissue because according to the literature, tumor angiogenic vessels lack the vasoactive physiologic response of the normal tissue.
Transfer RNA mimicry in a new group of positive-strand RNA plant viruses, the furoviruses: differential aminoacylation between the RNA components of one genome.

Recent sequencing of the genomes of several furoviruses--fungus-transmitted rod-shaped positive-strand plant viruses--has suggested the presence of tRNA-like structures (TLSs) at the 3' ends of the genomic RNAs. We show here that the genomic RNAs of soil-borne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV), beet soil-borne virus (BSBV), potato mop-top virus (PMTV), peanut clump virus (PCV), and Indian peanut clump virus (IPCV) all possess functional TLSs that are capable of high-efficiency valylation. While the SBWMV, BSBV, and PMTV TLSs are similar to those found in tymoviruses, the PCV and IPCV TLSs harbor an insertion of about 40 nucleotides between the two halves of the TLS. The valylated SBWMV and BSBV RNAs formed tight complexes with wheat germ EF-1 alpha.GTP (Kd = 2 to 11 nM), whereas valylated PMTV, PCV, and IPCV RNAs bound EF-1 alpha.GTP weakly (Kd > or = 50 nM). The TLS of PCV RNA2 differs from PCV RNA1 in lacking the major valine identity nucleotide in the anticodon and consequently is capable of only very inefficient valylation. This is the first case of differential aminoacylation between the RNA components of one genome.
Protein Synthesis in Cell-Free Extracts from a Thermoacidophilic Archaebacterium

Summary An in vitro polypeptide synthesizing system was developed from the thermoacidophilic archaebacterium, Sulfolobus solfataricus . The stimulation of phenylalanine incorporation by poly U was entirely dependent upon the addition of polyamines or increasing the Mg ++ concentration. The largest stimulation was observed at 3 mM spermine in the presence of 10 mM Mg ++ . The optimal temperature for poly U-directed phenylalaline incorporation was 75 °C. The ability of poly G to code for glycine could be demonstrated in assays incubated at elevated temperatures. When tested at 45 °C, streptomycin and neomycin did not inhibit the poly U-phenylalanine reaction except in the case of neomycin at the highest concentration tested. Neither aminoglycoside induced significant miscoding for leucine at any concentration tested. Chloramphenicol inhibited poly UG-directed phenylalanine incorporation to a small extent. Tetracycline, virginiamycin and cycloheximide were ineffective in inhibiting polyphenylalanine synthesis, but this reaction was slightly inhibited by anisomycin at the highest concentration tested
Dye sensitized solar cells: TiO2 sensitization with a bodipy-porphyrin antenna system.

A zinc porphyrin derivative (2) and zinc porphyrin−bodipy dyad (3) have been prepared and applied to dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). On the basis of absorption and fluorescence excitation spectra, dyad 3 efficiently transfers energy from the bodipy to zinc porphyrin constituent. The 3-sensitized solar cell demonstrates higher solar spectral coverage, based on incident photon to current efficiency (IPCE) spectra, and an improved power conversion efficiency (η = 1.55%) compared to that of the 2-sensitized cell (η = 0.84%). The better performance of the 3-sensitized cell is attributed largely to the gain in spectral absorbance provided by the bodipy constituent of 3. Also evident, however, are secondary effects reflecting (a) fill-factor improvement and (b) a slight gain in porphyrin red-edge absorbance due to bodipy-conjugate formation.
Analysis of the need systems of twenty male rapists.

15 needs from Murray's theoretical work (1938) were used to assess and analyze the need systems of 20 men convicted of forcible rape and compared to those of a control group of 20 violent, but non-sex, offenders. Three instruments were used: Edwards Personal Preference Schedule, the TAT, and a semi-structured interview. As predicted, the over-all need profiles of the rapists and the non-rapists were statistically non-parallel on two of the three instruments. Rapists also differed significantly on four specific needs on two of the three instruments. These results are discussed with relation to psychoanalytic theory.
Facial Nerve Paralysis due to a Pleomorphic Adenoma with the Imaging Characteristics of a Facial Nerve Schwannoma.

Background Facial nerve paralysis in a patient with a salivary gland mass usually denotes malignancy. However, facial paralysis can also be caused by benign salivary gland tumors. Methods We present a case of facial nerve paralysis due to a benign salivary gland tumor that had the imaging characteristics of an intraparotid facial nerve schwannoma. Results The patient presented to our clinic 4 years after the onset of facial nerve paralysis initially diagnosed as Bell palsy. Computed tomography demonstrated filling and erosion of the stylomastoid foramen with a mass on the facial nerve. Postoperative histopathology showed the presence of a pleomorphic adenoma. Facial paralysis was thought to be caused by extrinsic nerve compression. Conclusions This case illustrates the difficulty of accurate preoperative diagnosis of a parotid gland mass and reinforces the concept that facial nerve paralysis in the context of salivary gland tumors may not always indicate malignancy.
Synthesis of High Magnetoelectric Coefficient Composites Using Annealing and Aging Route

In this paper, aging temperature and time dependence of ferroelectric, ferromagnetic, and magnetoelectric properties of lead zirconate titanate and nickel ferrite composite (1–x) Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3–x NiFe1.9Mn0.1O4 (PZT–NFM, x 5 0.03, 0.05, 0.1) are reported. The magnetoelectric composites of different compositions were fabricated by using a process based on the controlled precipitation route. The processing is a combination of conventional mixed oxide sintering and thermal treatment. The thermal treatment consists of annealing at a high temperature (8001C for 10 h), followed by aging in the range of 300– 4001C for 3–15 h. X-ray diffractometry patterns show variation in the amount of spinel phase with different aging temperature and time. Scanning electron microscopy investigation showed that the annealing and aging treatment increases the homogeneity of NFM in the PZT matrix. The magnitude of piezoelectric constant (d33), piezoelectric voltage constant (g33), and the dielectric constant exhibited significant variation in magnitude with aging time and temperature. Aging at 4001C for 5 h exhibited a maximum magnitude of d33 and g33 and minimum magnitude of dielectric constant. The magnitude of the magnetoelectric (ME) voltage coefficient (dE/dH) for 0.9PZT–0.1NFM samples sintered at 1125 1C was found to be of the order of 78 mV/cm Oe. This magnitude increased to 140 mV/cm Oe after annealing and aging at 3001C for 5 h. This significant enhancement in the magnetoelectric coefficient is probably due to the homogenization and precipitation of the spinel (NFM) phase in the perovskite matrix.
Numeric data bases on‐line

The activities that are at present furthering the visibility of numeric data bases and systems are discussed. A tentative estimate of the numbers of existing numeric data bases and systems in various categories of accessibility (on‐line, batch, and remotely accessible) and availability (public, restricted, and in‐house) is made. Numeric data bases and systems are becoming offered by information retrieval services through many of the channels that made bibliographic and textual information systems successful. These include remote accessibility and marketing by large data base vendors. The user community for numeric data bases is generally more restricted, with the possible exception of business and financial numeric data bases. User training needs are generally greater as well. Numeric data bases may nevertheless reach large user audiences with the advent of distributed processing and, ultimately, data base maps which can automatically locate and link together data bases in many locations.
The association of clinical conditions and serologic tests with CD4+ lymphocyte counts in HIV-infected subjects without AIDS

Early intervention guidelines in HIV infection require knowledge of CD4+ lymphocyte count; however, CD4+ determinations require special laboratory procedures and may not be readily available in all situations. Using data from 207 HIV-seropositive homosexual men without AIDS, we evaluated the association of difference clinical conditions or serologic tests with CD4+ count. Men with conditions including seborrheic dermatitis, hairy leukoplakia, oral candidiasis and chronic diarrhea, and men with beta2-microglobulin levels greater than or equal to 4.0 mg/l had significantly lower CD4+ counts. However, the probability that a subject with such parameters had less than 200 x 10(6)/l CD4+ cells was limited (25-63%). Although the probability that a subject with such parameters had less than 500 x 10(6)/l CD4+ cells was better (76-88%), the probability that a person without these parameters had greater than or equal to 500 x 10(6)/l CD4+ cells was only 45-50%. Clinical and serologic parameters may provide important prognostic information, but cannot be used to reliably determine the level of CD4+ cells.
Some properties of simulation interval estimators under dependence induction: Erratum

Some basic, but surprising properties of confidence intervals formed under antithetic-variates and common-random-numbers variance reduction techniques are derived. It is shown that improved point estimator performance, the primary goal of variance reduction techniques, does not necessarily imply improved interval estimator performance.
Party competence perceptions and the party identification of African Americans

This research examines the effects of party competence perceptions on African–Americans’ party identification. Using ordinary least squares regression to analyse data taken from the 1996 National Black Election Study, I regress African–Americans’ party identification and feeling thermometers for Democrats and Republicans on items that measure African–American assessments of the political parties’ ability to handle certain issues. The results indicate that those matters of race and economics influence party identification. Moreover, party competence perceptions influence partisanship more than party identification. Unlike the literature suggesting that individual factors are not significant, I find that individual life circumstances do influence African–Americans’ party identification.
Space-time Bayesian small area disease risk models: development and evaluation with a focus on cluster detection

This paper extends the spatial local-likelihood model and the spatial mixture model to the space-time (ST) domain. For comparison, a standard random effect space-time (SREST) model is examined to allow evaluation of each model’s ability in relation to cluster detection. To pursue this evaluation, we use the ST counterparts of spatial cluster detection diagnostics. The proposed criteria are based on posterior estimates (e.g., misclassification rate) and some are based on post-hoc analysis of posterior samples (e.g., exceedance probability). In addition, we examine more conventional model fit criteria including mean square error (MSE). We illustrate the methodology with a real ST dataset, Georgia throat cancer mortality data for the years 1994–2005, and a simulated dataset where different levels and shapes of clusters are embedded. Overall, it is found that conventional SREST models fair well in ST cluster detection and in goodness-of-fit, while for extreme risk detection the local likelihood ST model does best.
Mechanistic implications for pollination in the marine angiosperm Zostera marina

Abstract Zostera marina L. must pollinate underwater. In an attempt to understand this undescribed process, hydrophily, current-flow patterns were examined both around carpellate flowers in the laboratory and a community in the field. A description of these patterns of flow is essential as a first approximation to understanding actual pollen transport and capture. Boundary layer effects were observed at all levels of examination and have potentially profound effects on the biology of eelgrass reproduction. The boundary layer-induced velocity gradients brought about by the morphological features of the community may lead to a concentration of pollen releasing- and receptive-organs. Carpellate flowers influence large areas through boundary layer effects and probably act as pollen-filters.
Prediction of Methylphenidate (Ritalin) Responsiveness Through Sensory Integrative Testing

Seventeen children previously judged to be good or poor responders to methylphenidate (Ritalin) were tested on sensory integrative measures while in the off-drug state. The tester was unaware of the children's drug response category. Results showed that children who were poor responders to Ritalin showed prolonged scores on and an adverse reaction to the Southern California Postrotary Nystagmus Test and had poorer equilibrium reactions and lower double tactile stimuli scores than the children judged good responders to Ritalin. These findings suggest that it might be possible to identify good and poor responders to Ritalin before the medication is given, something not previously thought possible. The current method for making this distinction is through a drug trial. These findings also indicate that there are at least two discernible types of hyperactivity associated with attention deficit disorders (ADD) that are theoretically related to differences in vestibular processing: one related to underaroused or overinhibited lower brain centers, and another related to deficient inhibition from higher brain centers. The good responders to Ritalin appear to be the underaroused group, the same population that responds to sensory integrative occupational therapy techniques. This implies that perhaps occupational therapy could be used to reduce the medication needs of these children.
Potassium and the Recovery of Arterial Smooth Muscle after Cold Storage

The influence of K on the performance of vascular smooth muscle was studied by observing the mechanical performance of the muscle under conditions in which the magnitudes of [Ki] and of the [Ki]:[Ko] ratio varied in opposite directions. During prolonged storage at 4°C the artery strips lost K and their ability to respond to stimuli. Subsequently they were transferred to recovery solutions of various [Ko] at 38°C. The initial rate of Ki reaccumulation and steady state [Ki] were greater in solutions of higher [Ko]. Conversely for any time during recovery, the greater [Ko], the smaller the [Ki]:[Ko] ratio. When the strip was placed in the warm recovery solution it first contracted and then relaxed. The initial contraction was not relatable to [Ko] of the recovery solution but the subsequent relaxation was greater in rate and magnitude as [Ko] was greater. As the muscles recovered further they went into tonic contracture. As the [Ko] in the recovery solutions was greater these contractures occurred after shorter recovery times, and attained greater amplitude at a faster rate. Solution-switching experiments indicated a dependence of responses to electrical shocks on both the [Ki]:[Ko] ratio and [Ki]. Conclusions drawn were: (a) increased [Ki] increases contractility, (b) increased [Ki] increases the rate of relaxation, (c) excitability is decreased by too high or low a [Ki]: [Ko] ratio, and (d) the extent of tonic shortening depends on the [Ki]:[Ko] ratio.
Comparison of Adult Returns to a Hatchery from Subyearling and Yearling Coho Salmon Released at Similar Sizes and Different Times

Abstract Juvenile 1977-brood coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) were released from Big Creek Hatchery in Oregon as subyearlings (age 0) in July 1978 and yearlings (age 1) in May and July 1979. Also, 1978-brood coho salmon were released at age 0 in July 1979 and at age 1 in May and July 1980. Age-0 fish matured 1 year earlier than age-1 fish. More adult fish returned to the hatchery from all juvenile fish released in July than from age-1 fish released in May. In the one case where fish from both year classes were released about the same time, the adult return from age-0 fish was greater than that from age-1 fish. Adult coho salmon from juveniles released in May were larger than adults from juveniles released in July. Our results suggested that age-0 coho salmon reared under an accelerated growth program and released from Big Creek Hatchery in July may produce greater adult returns to the hatchery than the usual releases of age-1 fish in May.
Activation and repression of growth factor receptor gene transcription (Review)

Growth factor receptors mediate cell signaling events that regulate a diverse array of cellular activities including cell proliferation, homeostasis, and differentiation of both normal and cancer cells. Studies of the mechanisms governing transcription of growth factor receptor genes have revealed common structural features of their promoters. These common features include GC rich promoter regions and multiple Sp factor binding sites based upon which most of these promoters are transactivated. Mechanisms of growth factor receptor promoter activation via these common structural features will be reviewed, with particular attention to control of FGFR1 promoter activity in skeletal muscle cells. Of equal importance in cellular function is the repression of growth factor receptor signaling and gene expression. Mechanisms that repress growth factor receptor promoter activity operate via direct repression at transcriptional activator binding sites and via protein-protein interactions that abrogate activator function. Mechanisms of growth factor receptor transcriptional repression will be considered in the context of known tumor suppressors, transcription activator availability, as well as in light of emerging potential Sp1-like transcriptional repressors.
Effects of antimony (Sb) incorporation on MOVPE grown InAsyP1―y metamorphic buffer layers on InP substrates

Abstract The effects of antimony incorporation and a convex compositional step-gradient on the surface morphology, defect generation, and defect propagation properties of InAs y P 1− y metamorphic buffer layers (MBLs) were investigated. The incorporation of Sb reduces the root-mean-square (RMS) of the surface roughness, and complete elimination of the arsenic from the MBL (i.e. InP z Sb 1− z ) leads to a reduction of RMS values of the surface roughness from 16 nm (InAs y P 1− y ) to 3.4 nm (InP z Sb 1− z ), without noticeably altering the defect density in the upper layers of the MBL. InP 1− x Sb x layers grown on an InP z Sb 1− z MBL have reduced hillock formation and exhibit energy bandgaps within 8% of that expected from theory.
N-Acetyl cysteine restores viability and function of rat odontoblast-like cells impaired by polymethylmethacrylate dental resin extract.

AbstractThere is concern that dental-resin materials directly loaded on a prepared tooth adversely affect dental pulp tissue by releasing the resin chemicals through dentinal tubes. This study determined whether self-curing polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)-based dental resin extract adversely affected the viability and function of odontoblast-like cells and whether the cytotoxicity of this resin, if any, could be eliminated by N-acetyl cysteine, an antioxidant amino acid derivative. Odontoblast-like cells isolated from rat maxillary incisor dental pulp tissue were exposed to a PMMA resin extract with or without N-acetyl cysteine for 1 h and then cultured in osteoblastic media. The percentage of viable cells 24 h after seeding was 20% in cells exposed to the resin extract without N-acetyl cysteine, whereas 45% of cells were viable after exposure to the N-acetyl cysteine-supplemented extract. The cells that had been exposed to the extract showed a strong tendency for apoptosis associated with the increased re...