cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Challenge of Conducting Clinical Research in Diabetes Care and Education

The current healthcare environment requires diabetes educators to design their care and education programs around findings in scientific- and research-based literature. They must be confident that what they do makes a difference in terms of patient outcomes. Although diabetes educators recognize the importance of research as a basis for their practice, they often do not see themselves as responsible for participating in the process. Clinicians such as diabetes educators are in an ideal position to incorporate research into their practice because they are the most knowledgeable about the clinical problems that need to be solved. The challenges of conducting clinical research will be explored in this article along with ways to promote greater participation of diabetes educators in conducting research in their practices.
Energy-efficient circuit design

We initiate the theoretical investigation of energy-efficient circuit design. We assume that the circuit design specifies the circuit layout as well as the supply voltages for the gates. To obtain maximum energy efficiency, the circuit design must balance the conflicting demands of minimizing the energy used per gate, and minimizing the number of gates in the circuit; If the energy supplied to the gates is small, then functional failures are likely, necessitating a circuit layout that is more fault-tolerant, and thus that has more gates. By leveraging previous work on fault-tolerant circuit design, we show general upper and lower bounds on the amount of energy required by a circuit to compute a given relation. We show that some circuits would be asymptotically more energy efficient if heterogeneous supply voltages were allowed, and show that for some circuits the most energy-efficient supply voltages are homogeneous over all gates.
Dynamic Behavior of a 220-Kv Dead-End Suspension Bus during Short Circuit

A full-size 220-kv dead-end twin-bundled conductor suspension bus was subjected to short-circuit currents of various magnitudes and durations. Transducers and instruments available allowed the measurement and recording of many physical variables during these tests. Maximum short-circuit magnitude was 30,000 rms amperes. Short-circuit currents cause dynamic forces to be applied to the bus conductors, hardware, and towers. The major shock force is a result of the twin conductors being pulled together between spreaders by the short-circuit magnetic forces. The number and location of twin conductor spreaders have considerable influence on the peak magnitude of the dynamic forces. Electrical and mechanical damage to conductors as a result of a short circuit was negligible. This suspension bus design proved to be adequate for a shortcircuit duty of 10 million kva (kilovoltamperes) at 220 kv, and with minor modifications it may be adequate for 20 million kva at 220 kv.
Memory management with explicit regions

Much research has been devoted to studies of and algorithms for memory management based on garbage collection or explicit allocation and deallocation. An alternative approach, region-based memory management, has been known for decades, but has not been well-studied. In a region-based system each allocation specifies a region, and memory is reclaimed by destroying a region, freeing all the storage allocated therein. We show that on a suite of allocation-intensive C programs, regions are competitive with malloc/free and sometimes substantially faster. We also show that regions support safe memory management with low overhead. Experience with our benchmarks suggests that modifying many existing programs to use regions is not difficult.
Effects of Learning Modalities on Melodic and Rhythmic Retention and on Vocal Pitch-Matching by Preschool Children

To assess whether melodic and rhythmic retention as well as pitch-matching ability could be improved through use of learning modalities, 61 children ages 4 and 5 years were presented music instruction in one of four ways, visually (seeing visual aids with the music), auditorily (singing and listening), kinesthetically (moving to music), or through multimodal presentations. Analysis indicated that preschool children receiving the auditory and multimodal treatments scored significantly higher on both the melodic and rhythmic posttests than on pretests. Children receiving kinesthetic treatment scored significantly lower on both the melodic and rhythmic posttests than the other three classes. Further, children in the auditory and multimodal classes matched pitch significantly better at posttest than children in either the visual or kinesthetic classes.
Effect of decreased gallbladder stimulation on enterohepatic cycling and kinetics of bile acids.

The effect of diet on the rate of enterohepatic recycling and bile acid kinetics was studied in groups of human subjects by reducing dietary protein and fat. The effect on enterohepatic cycling was assessed indirectly in control subjects, in patients with cholesterol cholelithiasis, and in patients with cholecystectomy by comparing output of breath 14CO2 after the administration of a trace of cholyl [1-14C]glycine during two periods: a control period when three meals containing protein and fat were eaten daily and a diet period, when protein and fat were excluded from the diet. Breath 14CO2 output was not altered by diet in the patients with cholecystectomy. In the healthy subjects and in the patients with cholesterol cholelithiasis breath 14CO2 output fell by approximately 50%, indicating that decreased endogenous cholecystokinin-pancreozymin stimulation had reduced but not eliminated enterohepatic recycling. Bile acid kinetics after administration of [2,4-3H]cholic acid and [24-14C]chenodeoxycholic acid were measured in 6 healthy subjects during a control period, when they ate a diet containing three daily meals containing fat and protein, and again not less than 4 months later during the 4th week of a diet during which they ate only one meal containing fat and protein every other day. The pool size of cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid rose significantly during the diet as did the total bile acid pool size. The daily fractional turnover rate of both primary bile acids fell significantly during the diet, but their synthesis rate was not significantly changed. It is concluded that (1) significant enterohepatic circulation of bile acids occurs even in the absence of dietary stimuli for gallbladder contraction; and (2) diet may significantly affect bile acid pool size and fractional turnover, while bile acid synthesis remains essentially unchanged.
The Tug-Of-War Nobody Wins: Allocation of Educational Resources for Handicapped, Gifted, and “Typical” Students

The movement in support of education for handicapped persons and the movement in support of education for children labeled "gifted" have both grown more powerful and more visible in recent years. The United States, Canada, Britain, and other Western European countries have enacted legislation and changed school policies in this area. Prominent among the policy issues addressed in the United States, Britain, and Canada is the concept of mainstreaming (integrating handicapped children with their nonhandicapped peers). Less attention has been paid to the area of education of children labeled "gifted," but there are indications that this issue is attracting increased attention (Passmore, 1982). The Marland Report in the United States (1972) identifies gifted students as a neglected minority group, and new special education legislation in Canada's province of Ontario includes gifted students as well (Wilson and Hanson, 1983). In most instances, however, the social forces behind the movement to improve education for handicapped students (legislation, parent groups, educational associations) and those behind the education for the gifted movement have had little shared dialogue. Although there is a dearth of research in both areas, particularly regarding the effects of different organizational models on students' cognitive and social outcomes, more research has been done on education for the retarded than on the education of gifted children. Advocates of education for gifted students have rarely drawn on the research base of special education, although such comparison might prove illuminating. There are strong arguments to be made for examining similarities and differences between these two educational thrusts.' First, the two move-
Multiple Hand Gesture Recognition using Surface EMG Signals

Significance of robotics in serving the human being is increasing day by day. A large number of impairments and disabilities in human body force the researchers to think on the necessity of simple and natural human-machine control interface. The idea of the project is the acquisition of SEMG (Surface Electromyographic) signals from the forearm and to recognize the various hand gestures. The resulting classification is then used to control a two degree of freedom (DOF) robotic gripper. Muscular activity is sensed by placing the EMG sensors/electrodes on the skin. The acquired signal from these electrodes is very small in amplitude and corrupted by different artifacts due to positioning and pasting of electrodes, transmission line and crosstalk with other biological signals. Pre-amplification is required to boost up the signal and then filtration is required to get the desired usable band of frequency. After that artifact-free EMG signal is further amplified, which can be fed to the control circuitry (microcontroller) to control the Hobby Servo motor of the robotic gripper hand. All the process is implemented for the real time scenario.
SNA data difficulties with dark networks

Social network analysis (SNA) conclusions are drawn on terrorist and dark network data sets that may provide erroneous results due to an indeterminate amount of missing data or data corruption. Compounding these effects, information sources reporting on terrorist groups and other dark network organizations may intentionally or unintentionally provide false data. These introduced errors may be significant as they could produce analytic results that are counter to the true situation, leading to misappropriation of resources, improper strategy adoption, and erroneous actions. Analyst cognizance of the causes of imperfect social network data, the importance of proper boundary specification, biases introduced via the employed data collection methods, and characteristics of social network information sources, particularly inherent informant accuracy assumptions, are necessary for SNA analysts to ascertain the resultant social network model's limitations and the inferences that can properly be drawn from the ana...
Problems Arising in the Control of Bacillary White diarrhea

Abstract This is a subject which has become more and more important with the increase in poultry population in the country and with the rapid transfer of poultry breeding stock from one locality to another. The problem may be considered from three angles—that of the laboratory worker, that of the practical poultry producer and that of the commercial hatcheryman. The relationship between the three groups must be close, otherwise no actual progress can be expected in the eradication of this disease. Below are enumerated some of the facts which should be brought under very careful study. 1. A standardization of the test. 2. The proper individual who is to make the test. 3. The development of an improved method of field diagnosis. 4. A correlation of the test with carefully controlled field results. 5. Factors predisposing to infection. 6. Influence of the incubator upon the spread of the infectious material. . . .
Single CdSe/ZnS nanocrystals in an ion trap: charge and mass determination and photophysics evolution with changing mass, charge, and temperature.

We report measurements of fluorescence intermittency (blinking) and spectral behavior for single semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dots (QDs) isolated in the gas phase and discuss the effects on fluorescence of the QD charge state and heating to the point of sublimation. Core–shell CdSe/ZnS QDs were trapped in a quadrupole ion trap and detected by laser-induced fluorescence. The mass (M) and charge (Q) were determined nondestructively, and both were followed continuously over the course of hours or days. Emission spectra of the trapped QDs are significantly red-shifted relative to the solution-phase emission from the same particles. The temperature of the trapped QDs is determined by the balance between laser heating and collisional cooling and thermal emission, and it is possible to heat the particles to remove ligands or to the point of sublimation. QDs are observed to be emissive during sublimation, for up to 85% mass loss, with emission intensity roughly proportional to the surface area. Eventually, t...
Evaluation of a liquid chromatographic method for the determination of fumonisins in corn, poultry feed, and Fusarium culture material.

The performance of a liquid chromatographic method for determining fumonisins in corn, animal feeds, and culture material was evaluated. Efficiencies of extractions with the following solvent systems were determined : acetonitrile-water (50 + 50, v/v), methanol-water (75 + 25, v/v), and 100% water. The acetonitrile solvent gave both higher extraction efficiencies and faster extraction times than the other 2 solvents. Extraction was followed by C 18 solid-phase extraction column cleanup. Fumonisin B 1 (FB 1 ), fumonisin B 2 (FB 2 ), and fumonisin B 3 (FB 3 ) were measured by precolumn derivatization with o-phthalaldehyde followed by isocratic separation on a C 18 reversed-phase column with a mobile phase of 50 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate (pH 3.3)-acetonitrile (60 + 40). Commercially prepared poultry feed, corn, and Fusarium spp. corn cultures were analyzed at the following levels : FB 1 , 1.5 to 15 000 μg/g ; FB 2 , 0.5 to 4000 μg/g ; FB 3 , and 0.17 to 1 500 μg/g. Recoveries were 91-94%, 90-100%, and 81-93% for FB 1 , FB 2 , and FB 3 , respectively. Precision (coefficient of variation) was determined with pooled field samples and ranged from 2% at 19 μg/g for FB 1 to 9% at 0.17 μg/g for FB 3 . Time and pH studies of the formation of the fluorescent derivative and its stability were conducted. Complete reaction occurred at pHs above 7.9, with optimal pH for chromatography between 8.0 and 8.5. No statistically significant response differences were detected for reaction times ranging from 4 to 40 min ; however, the detector signal was significantly reduced when reaction times were shorter than 4 min. Chromatograms of samples were free of interferences for all feeds, corn, and culture material tested. Quantitation limits for the 3 fumonisins were of the same magnitude and were estimated to be 0.1 μg/g for FB 1 and 0.2 μg/g for FB 2 and FB 3 .
Recyclable Crosslinked Polymer Networks via One‐Step Controlled Radical Polymerization

A nitroxide-mediated polymerization strategy allows one-step synthesis of recyclable crosslinked polymeric materials from any monomers or polymers that contain carbon-carbon double bonds amenable to radical polymerization. The resulting materials with dynamic covalent bonds can show full property recovery after multiple melt-reprocessing recycles. This one-step strategy provides for both robust, relatively sustainable recyclability of crosslinked polymers and design of networks for advanced technologies.
The Relevance of Culture for the Study of Political Psychology

There is a powerful tension between the context-specific analyses which figure prominently in anthropology — and other social sciences — in recent years, and the emphasis on universal human dynamics which characterizes crosscultural psychology. These differences are reflected in each approach’s principal goals, concepts, theories and methods. However, there are good reasons to think that a synthesis of elements of both the particularisms of contextual analysis and the generalizations of crosscultural psychology offers richer explanations than either might provide alone.
Teaching medical students about cost-effectiveness.

BACKGROUND Rising and burdensome health care costs have driven interest in the practice of high-value care (HVC) and have inspired calls for increased HVC training across all levels of medical education, including among undergraduate medical students. CONTEXT Classroom-based HVC curricula targeted to medical students have not been previously described in the medical literature. INNOVATION We developed and evaluated a workshop comprising a lecture, a small-group exercise and a group discussion to instruct medical students on interpreting cost-effectiveness analyses (CEA), applying CEA to patient care and discussing the cost of care with patients. From January 2014 to September 2015 the workshop was administered to five cohorts, 120 students in total, in the internal medicine clerkships at two US medical schools. Pre- and post-intervention confidence in various domains was assessed with a Likert-type scale ranging from 1 to 4. The overall response rate was 87.9 per cent. The proportion of students reporting high confidence scores (3 or 4) rose significantly (p < 0.01) in each domain: from 16.2 to 76.9 per cent for calculating an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER); from 16.0 to 79.6 per cent for interpreting quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs); from 8.7 to 71.3 per cent for using CEA in patient management; and from 15.3 to 71.4 per cent for discussing costs with patients. Students rated the overall quality of the course as 3.82 out of 5. Rising and burdensome health care costs have driven interest in the practice of high-value care IMPLICATIONS: Our experience of developing, evaluating and refining an HVC course targeted at medical students taught us that such a course is needed, can be educational and can be well-received. Future research is needed to assess the effects of curricula on clinical practice.
Graspan: A Single-machine Disk-based Graph System for Interprocedural Static Analyses of Large-scale Systems Code

There is more than a decade-long history of using static analysis to find bugs in systems such as Linux. Most of the existing static analyses developed for these systems are simple checkers that find bugs based on pattern matching. Despite the presence of many sophisticated interprocedural analyses, few of them have been employed to improve checkers for systems code due to their complex implementations and poor scalability. In this paper, we revisit the scalability problem of interprocedural static analysis from a "Big Data" perspective. That is, we turn sophisticated code analysis into Big Data analytics and leverage novel data processing techniques to solve this traditional programming language problem. We develop Graspan, a disk-based parallel graph system that uses an edge-pair centric computation model to compute dynamic transitive closures on very large program graphs.We implement context-sensitive pointer/alias and dataflow analyses on Graspan. An evaluation of these analyses on large codebases such as Linux shows that their Graspan implementations scale to millions of lines of code and are much simpler than their original implementations. Moreover, we show that these analyses can be used to augment the existing checkers; these augmented checkers uncovered 132 new NULL pointer bugs and 1308 unnecessary NULL tests in Linux 4.4.0-rc5, PostgreSQL 8.3.9, and Apache httpd 2.2.18.
Types of coping strategies are associated with increased depressive symptoms in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

STUDY OBJECTIVES Some, but not all, researchers report that obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients experience increased depressive symptoms. Many psychological symptoms of OSA are explained in part by other OSA comorbidities (age, hypertension, body mass). People who use more passive and less active coping report more depressive symptoms. We examined relationships between coping and depressive symptoms in OSA. SETTING N/A. DESIGN/PARTICIPANTS 64 OSA (respiratory disturbance index (RDI) > or = 15) patients were studied with polysomnography and completed Ways of Coping (WC), Profile of Mood States (POMS), Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CESD) scales. WC was consolidated into Approach (active) and Avoidance (passive) factors. Data were analyzed using SPSS 9.0 regression with CESD as the dependent variable and WC Approach and Avoidance as the independent variables. INTERVENTIONS N/A. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS WC Approach factor (B=-1.105, beta=-.317, p=.009) was negatively correlated and WC Avoidance factor (B=1.353, beta=.376, p=.007) was positively correlated with CESD scores. These factors explained an additional 8% of CESD variance (p<.001) beyond that explained by the covariates: demographic variables, RDI, and fatigue (as measured by the POMS). CONCLUSIONS More passive and less active coping was associated with more depressive symptoms in OSA patients. The extent of depression experienced by OSA patients may not be due solely to effects of OSA itself. Choice of coping strategies may help determine who will experience more depressive symptoms.
Psychological flexibility moderates the relation between PTSD symptoms and daily pain interference

Abstract Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms are associated with increased physical health problems, including chronic pain. Although researchers have identified several risk factors that partially account for the co-occurrence of PTSD symptoms and pain, a substantial amount of variance remains unexplained in these models. The present study evaluated psychological flexibility (PF) as a potential moderator of the relation between probable PTSD diagnosis and pain interference in daily life. Probable PTSD participants reported significantly greater daily pain severity and interference, and greater daily pain interference when controlling for pain severity, relative to non-PTSD participants. PF emerged as a significant moderator of the relation of PTSD and pain interference. Participants with probable PTSD reported greater pain interference only in conjunction with low levels of PF. Results suggest psychosocial treatments that target PF as a means of improving functioning may improve outcomes for patients with co-occurring PTSD and chronic pain.
Using dVRK teleoperation to facilitate deep learning of automation tasks for an industrial robot

Deep Learning from Demonstrations (Deep LfD) is a promising approach for robots to perform precise bilateral automation tasks involving contact and deformation, where dynamics are difficult to model explicitly. Deep LfD methods typically use datasets of 1) human videos, which do not match robot kinematics and capabilities or 2) waypoints collected with tedious move-and-record interfaces, such as teaching pendants or kinesthetic teaching. We explore an alternative using the Intuitive Surgical da Vinci, which combines a pair of gravity-balanced, high-precision, passive, and 6-DOF master arms with stereo vision, allowing humans to teleoperate precise surgical automation tasks. We present DY-Teleop, an interface between the da Vinci master manipulators and an ABB YuMi industrial robot to facilitate the collection of time-synchronized images and robot states for deep learning of automation tasks involving deformation and dynamic contact. The system has an average latency of 194ms and executes commands at 6Hz. We present YuMiPy, an open source library and ROS package for controlling an ABB YuMi over Ethernet. Data collection experiments with scooping a ball into a cup, untying a knot in a rope, and pipetting liquid between two containers suggest that demonstrations obtained by DY-Teleop are comparable with those by kinesthetic teaching in demonstration time. We performed Deep LfD for the scooping task and found that the policy trained with DY-Teleop achieved a 1.8× higher success rate than a policy trained with kinesthetic teaching. Code, videos, and data are available at berkeleyautomation.github.io/teleop.
Depressive Symptoms Moderate Dating Violence Prevention Outcomes Among Adolescent Girls.

Purpose: Few dating violence prevention programs assess how variations in initial violence risk affects responsiveness. This study examines the efficacy of Date SMART, a dating violence and sexual ...
Transmitral flow dynamics in the normal heart and during mitral regurgitation

This volume unites anatomists, pathologists, cardiologists, surgeons and physiologists, in an attempt to define the causes and to clarify the diagnosis of ischemic mitral incompetence; and then to discuss the medical and surgical approaches to solving the problem. The ability to diagnose mitral incompetence, of any origin, has been enhanced by recent developments in ultrasound technology: 2D-echocardiography, pulsed-Doppler measurement of local velocity, and color-coded flow mapping. This proceedings volume contains important applications of these methods for pre-, intra-, and post-operative examination of mitral regurgitant flow patterns. Our understanding and interpretation of the measured flow patterns is enhanced by an understanding of the physiology of flow, both antegrade and retrograde, across the mitral valve.
Added Mass of Two-Dimensional Forms Oscillating in a Free Surface

The purpose of the present note is to give a unified treatment of the added mass for either horizontal or vertical oscillations at high frequency in a free surface. Although the results for the case of vertical oscillations are more or less known, some of them such as the remarkably simple connection between the added mass and the area of section, are so obscure that they are worthy of emphasis. The review of the little work that has been published for the case of horizontal vibrations indicates that the general results presented here for this case are new.
The Adult Eating Behaviour Questionnaire in a bariatric surgery-seeking sample: Factor structure, convergent validity, and associations with BMI

The aim of this study was to validate the Adult Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (AEBQ), a measure of food approach and avoidant traits, for use in bariatric surgery candidates. Participants were 337 bariatric surgery candidates in the Mid-Atlantic United States. Confirmatory factor analysis suggested that one item did not load onto its original factor. A 34-item, eight-factor model had better fit than a seven-factor model; dropping the Hunger factor, as previously suggested, did not improve fit. The factors had good internal consistency and showed convergent/divergent validity with an existing measure of food approach traits. The emotional overeating scale was positively correlated with BMI at programme entry, whereas the slow eating scale was negatively correlated with baseline weight. The AEBQ scales had the same pattern of intercorrelations and similar means to those of two previously published samples. The AEBQ is a valid measure of appetitive traits in bariatric candidates.
Development of methodology for service life prediction of PV backsheets (Conference Presentation)

Accelerated laboratory testing has been recognized as a common means to simulate in-field exposure in a time-saving way, however, caution is needed as highly accelerated stresses can cause degradation which is never observed in the field. In this work, the effects of the environmental factors on backsheet degradation have been investigated using a commercial PPE backsheet (polyethylene terephthalate (PET/PET/ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA)). The PPE films were exposed to NIST SPHERE (Simulated Photodegradation via High Energy Radiant Exposure) under different UV intensities, wavelengths, temperatures and humidities. The chemical and optical degradation of the backsheets were examined by FTIR and UV-vis spectroscopy. The reciprocity law and action spectrum were studied and the activation energy for PPE degradation was calculated. A preliminary statistical model for predicting the service life of the PPE backsheet has been established based on the SPHERE exposure data and further validated by the initial degradation of the fielded PPE in Florida, Arizona and Maryland.
Transplant Considerations in Alagille Syndrome

Children with Alagille syndrome are often considered for liver transplantation, for a number of indications that include refractory pruritus and end-stage liver disease. It is a well-established therapy with reasonable success. The multi-system nature of this condition dictates a considered approach to liver transplant evaluation and management in order to assure a good outcome.
Using Sentinel-L Sar Measurements to Detect High Resolution Freeze and Thaw States in Alaska

The states of the earth surface in terms of freeze and thaw (FT) cycles especially in high-latitude regions have a crucial role in many applications such as biogeochemical transitions, hydrology and ecosystem studies. This study uses Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) c-band backscatter data from Sentinel 1 from April 2014 to December 2017 to detect high-resolution freeze/thaw states in Alaska. The contrasts between frozen and thawed seasons are used to define FT states. Comprehensive in situ observations of soil temperature, air temperature, snow depth, and soil moisture were obtained to develop appropriate sigma (dB) thresholds of backscattering between freeze and thaw states. The developed thresholds were used to detect FT in Alaska, USA. The results of this method revealed that the estimates are reasonably able to detect the states of surface when compared with ground measurements from SNOw TELemetry (SNOTEL) observations. The developed method that mainly relies on using ground measurements from different land cover type shows an improvement with respect to previous methods that had used the average of frozen and thawed backscattering scenarios as FT references.
Sleep-Related Movement Disorders

To effectively manage sleep problems in children with neurodevelopmental disabilities (NDD), a comprehensive approach which explores all potential etiologies is needed. Sleep-related movement disorders (SRMD) may be an unrecognized cause of sleep disturbance in children with NDD; however, SRMD have not been adequately studied in this population. Limited evidence suggests that restless legs syndrome (RLS) and periodic limb movements of sleep (PLMS) may be contributors to sleep disturbances in children with autism spectrum disorder and attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder. There are also small studies which suggest that children with some genetic disorders may have an increased prevalence of PLMS. Children with NDD often have difficulty communicating symptoms, a skill which is critical to enable diagnosis of RLS. They also have difficulty cooperating with polysomnography, which is critical for making a diagnosis of PLMS. Diagnoses of sleep-related bruxism and sleep-related rhythmic movement disorders are also problematic, as these behaviors are often present during the day as well as during sleep in individuals with NDD. These factors lead to difficulty making reliable diagnoses of a sleep-related movement disorder, which in turn leads to difficulty conducting research to establish the prevalence of and treatments for SRMD in individuals with NDD. Sleep is integral to optimal development and daytime function and to quality of life for individuals with NDD and their families. Therefore, further study is needed to understand the impact of SRMD in individuals with NDD.
Kissing Balloon Technique for Angioplasty of Tibioperoneal Arteries Bifurcation Using Pedal Arterial Retrograde Revascularization.

Background. Kissing Balloon Technique using retrograde pedal approach together with anterograde common femoral artery (CFA) approach could be the treatment of choice in patients with diseased infrapopliteal artery bifurcation. We report seven cases where the KBT was utilized for the treatment of diseased infrapopliteal artery bifurcation using retrograde pedal access in conjunction with the conventional common femoral artery (CFA) access. Methods. We reviewed all seven cases that underwent KBT with the combination of pedal and common femoral access in a single-center study from 2014 to 2015 utilizing Rutherford classification severity index; all cases were deemed stage 3 (severe claudication) to stage 6 (severe ischemic ulcers or frank gangrene). With the exception of two cases, contralateral femoral access was obtained, with sheath sizes varying from 4 to 6 French for both CFA and pedal access. Ultrasound was utilized for ipsilateral pedal access in all seven cases. Results. Arterial revascularization was successfully achieved by the KBT in all patients without any complications. All patients achieved procedural success, which is defined as residual stenosis of less than 30% with no dissection or thrombosis and clinical success that is defined as resolution of symptoms (absence of intermittent claudication and healing of the ulcer) as well as improvement in the arterial brachial index (ABI). During follow-up, out of the seven cases, repeat angiogram was performed for one case, which showed patent arteries with no residual lesions. Conclusions. In patients with popliteal and tibioperoneal trunk bifurcation lesions, Kissing Balloon Technique using retrograde pedal access in conjunction with the conventional anterograde access appeared to be successful, safe, and effective technique with lower access site complications and shorter procedure time.
Resisting “Let’s Eat Grandma”: The Rhetorical Potential of Grammar Memes

Abstract Analysis of 50 grammar memes through the lenses of participatory culture on social media and classical topoi reveals that most grammar memes resist the growing and progressive position that a wide range of Englishes exist and their usage is acceptable. These traditionalist grammar memes perpetuate beliefs about the use of correct English by making claims of superiority. Meanwhile, backlash memes do not take an overt stand against traditionalist grammar arguments when they veer into exclusion and racism. I argue that teachers and students of Writing, English, and English Education should explore more inclusive memes in regards to contemporary language changes and that memes based on a narrative mode of instruction would expand the topoi of grammar memes that exist, interrupting a main two-way argument that dominates the grammar internet subculture today.
Author Correction: Metabolic reprogramming by the S-nitroso-CoA reductase system protects against kidney injury.

Change history: In Fig. 1j of this Letter, one data point was inadvertently omitted from the graph for the acute kidney injury (AKI), double knockout (−/−), S-nitrosothiol (SNO) condition at a nitrosylation level of 25.9 pmol mg−1 and the statistical significance given of P = 0.0221 was determined by Fisher’s test instead of P = 0.0032 determined by Tukey’s test (with normalization for test-day instrument baseline). Figure 1 and its Source Data have been corrected online.
Developing a Low Altitude Manned Encounter Model Using ADS-B Observations

With the integration of unmanned aircraft systems into the U.S. National Airspace System, low altitude regions are being stressed in historically new ways. The FAA must understand and quantify the risk of UAS collision with manned aircraft during desired low altitude unmanned operations in order to produce regulations and standards. A key component of these risk assessments are statistical models of aircraft flight. Previous risk assessments used models for manned aircraft based primarily on Mode C-based secondary surveillance radar observations. However, these models have some important limitations when used at low altitude. We demonstrate a methodology for developing statistical models of low altitude manned flight or applicable at low altitudes that leverages the OpenSky Network, a crowdsourced ADS-B receiver network that provides open access to the aircraft data, and the FAA aircraft registry, an open database of registered aircraft. Unlike Mode C surveillance, a key advantage to this method is the availability of necessary metadata to distinguish between different types of low altitude aircraft. For example, previous models did not discriminate a large commercial aircraft transiting to higher altitudes from low altitude or small general aviation aircraft cruising at low altitudes. We use an aircraft's unique Mode S address to correlate ADS-B reports with aircraft type information from the FAA registry. We filter surveillance data and statistically characterize the low altitude airspace based on aircraft type, performance, and location. Lastly, we leverage the characterization and aircraft tracks to develop a Dynamic Bayesian Network that models the behavior of low altitude manned aircraft, an extension of previous aircraft modeling approaches that have employed Bayesian networks. By sampling representative trajectories from the Bayesian network, we can model encounters between manned and unmanned aircraft at low altitudes to assess collision risk, a key supporting technology to support safe integration of unmanned aircraft.
Human Skin-Derived Mast Cells Spontaneously Secrete Several Angiogenesis-Related Factors.

Mast cells are classically recognized as cells that cause IgE-mediated allergic reactions. However, their ability to store and secrete vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) suggests a role in vascular development and tumorigenesis. The current study sought to determine if other angiogenesis-related factors, in addition to VEGF, were also secreted by human tissue-derived mast cells. Using proteome array analysis and ELISA, we found that human skin-derived mast cells spontaneously secrete CXCL16, DPPIV, Endothelin-1, GM-CSF, IL-8, MCP-1, Pentraxin 3, Serpin E1, Serpin F1, TIMP-1, Thrombospondin-1, and uPA. We identified three groups based on their dependency for stem cell factor (SCF), which is required for mast cell survival: Endothelin-1, GM-CSF, IL-8, MCP-1, and VEGF (dependent); Pentraxin 3, Serpin E1, Serpin F1, TIMP-1, and Thrombospondin-1 (partly dependent); and CXCL16, DPPIV, and uPA (independent). Crosslinking of FceRI with multivalent antigen enhanced the secretion of GM-CSF, Serpin E1, IL-8, and VEGF, and induced Amphiregulin and MMP-8 expression. Interestingly, FceRI signals inhibited the spontaneous secretion of CXCL16, Endothelin-1, Serpin F1, Thrombospondin-1, MCP-1 and Pentraxin-3. Furthermore, IL-6, which we previously showed could induce VEGF, significantly enhanced MCP-1 secretion. Overall, this study identified several angiogenesis-related proteins that, in addition to VEGF, are spontaneously secreted at high concentrations from human skin-derived mast cells. These findings provide further evidence supporting an intrinsic role for mast cells in blood vessel formation.
Common and unique rhizosphere microbial communities of wheat and canola in a semiarid Mediterranean environment

Abstract In wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-based cropping systems, rotation crops often provide a yield benefit to the following wheat crop. This has been documented for legume crops and canola (Brassica napus L.). In the present study, we examined bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere of wheat and canola at six paired locations on fall and spring sampling dates using high-throughput sequencing of marker genes (bacterial 16S rRNA gene and fungal internal transcribed spacers). Soil type was the primary driver of both fungal and bacterial communities, with the communities of locations geographically closest, and with the same soil type, clustering together. Season (fall vs spring sampling) had the next strongest effect, followed by the crop species. Differences between the wheat and canola were more evident in the spring than in the fall. However, in contrast, bacterial and fungal species richness and diversity were not related to location or season, and instead were consistently higher in the rhizosphere of canola compared to wheat. Many bacterial groups were shared across both crop species, especially Janthinobacterium and Kaistobacter. Bacterial communities of wheat in the fall were dominated by Actinomycetes and Acidobacteria. But in the spring, these communities shifted to fast growing bacterial copiotrophs, including Pseudomonas, Janthinobacterium, Flavobacterium, Oxalobacteraceae, and Sphingobacteriaceae. Saprotrophic fungi such as Ulocladium, Mortierella, Cryptoccocus, Chaetomium, Penicillium and Trichoderma were also common to, and equally abundant in, the rhizosphere of both crops. Potential wheat root pathogens such as Thanatephorus (Rhizoctonia) Ceratobasidium, Oculimacula, Typhula, and Microdochium were more abundant in the wheat rhizosphere compared to canola. In conclusion, most of the communities of fungi and bacteria are not “host specific” but colonize the roots of both wheat and canola with differing relative abundance dependent on the season. A much smaller group of taxa were unique to the specific crop. This work provides novel insight into changes in crop rhizosphere communities when canola is introduced into dryland monoculture wheat cropping systems.
Optical imaging of dental plaque pH

Tooth decay is one of the most common chronic infectious diseases worldwide. Bacteria from the oral biofilm create a local acidic environment that demineralizes the enamel in the caries disease process. By optically imaging plaque pH in pits and fissures and contacting surfaces of teeth, then medicinal therapies can be accurately applied to prevent or monitor the reversal of caries. To achieve this goal, the fluorescence emission from an aqueous solution of sodium fluorescein was measured using a multimodal scanning fiber endoscope (mmSFE). The 1.6-millimeter diameter mmSFE scans 424nm laser light and collects wide-field reflectance for navigational purposes in grayscale at 30 Hz. Two fluorescence channels centered at 520 and 549 nm are acquired and ratiometric analysis produces a pseudo-color overlay of pH. In vitro measurements calibrate the pH heat maps in the range 4.7 to 7.2 pH (0.2 standard deviation). In vivo measurements of a single case study provides informative images of interproximal biofilm before and after a sugar rinse. Post processing a time series of images provides a method that calculates the average pH changes of oral biofilm, replicating the Stephan Curve. These spatio-temporal records of oral biofilm pH can provide a new method of assessing the risk of tooth decay, guide the application of preventative therapies, and provide a quantitative monitor of overall oral health. The non-contact in vivo optical imaging of pH may be extended to measurements of wound healing, tumor environment, and other food processing surfaces since it relies on low power laser light and a US FDA approved dye.
Correction to: Brief Report: Use of the Infant–Toddler Checklist in Infant Siblings of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Author(s): Parikh, Chandni; Iosif, Ana-Maria; Ozonoff, Sally | Abstract: The original version of the article unfortunately contained a mistake in the Results and Discussion section. The corrected sentences are given below: 1. In the Results section (paragraph 2): “The psychometric values were moderate, with strongest indices at 24 months: SE = 78% (95% CI 64–91%), SP = 83% (95% CI 78–89%), PPV = 52% (95% CI 40–65%), and NPV = 94% (95% CI 90–98%)." Instead should say, “SE = 77% (95% CI 64–90%), SP = 85% (95% CI 80-91%), PPV = 55% (95% CI 42–68%), and NPV = 94% (95% CI 90–98%)”. 2. In the Discussion section (paragraph 2), “Longitudinally, SE ranged from 52 to 63% and SP from 42 to 83% in our study.” Instead should say, “Longitudinally, SE ranged from 51 to 62% and SP from 42 to 85% in our study”.
1$alpha;-Hydroxylase transactivation by $gamma;-interferon in murine macrophages requires enhanced C/EBP$beta; expression and activation*1

gamma-Interferon [gamma-IFN] induction of macrophage 1alpha-hydroxylase mRNA and activity causes severe hypercalcemia in granulomatous disorders. These studies demonstrate transcriptional regulation. gamma-IFN induces the activity of the murine 1alpha-hydroxylase [-1651; +22] promoter in the murine macrophage cell line Raw 264.7 only after a 24h exposure. This slow kinetics is incompatible with classical gamma-IFN-mediated transactivation. In fact, gamma-IFN response mapped to the minimal [-85; +11] promoter, which lacks GAS or ISRE sites but contains a putative C/EBPbeta site. C/EBPbeta is a gamma-IFN inducible gene and a novel mediator of gamma-IFN-regulated transcription. As expected for a C/EBPbeta-driven transcription, ectopic C/EBPbeta expression was sufficient to increase 1alpha-hydroxylase activity, enhance minimal promoter activity and potentiate the induction of this promoter by gamma-IFN. Importantly, the dominant negative C/EBPbeta isoform antagonized C/EBPbeta-transcriptional activity. gamma-IFN induction of C/EBPbeta expression is not sufficient for gamma-IFN induction of minimal promoter activity. There is also a cell-specific induction of C/EBPbeta-transcriptional activity by gamma-IFN. In Raw cells, specific inhibition of gamma-IFN induction of endogenous-C/EBPbeta phosphorylation by MEKK1 markedly reduced basal promoter activity and the response to gamma-IFN. We conclude that gamma-IFN-induction of C/EBPbeta expression and activation by phosphorylation contributes to gamma-IFN-transcriptional control of 1alpha-hydroxylase expression in murine macrophages.
Contemporary management of chronic indwelling inferior vena cava filters.

Abstract Objective Despite increasing retrieval rates of the inferior vena cava (IVC) filter, less than one-third are removed within the recommended timeline. Prolonged filter dwell times may increase the technical difficulty of retrieval and filter-related complications. We sought to evaluate the contemporary outcomes of patients with chronic indwelling IVC filters at a tertiary care center. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed from August 2015 through August 2019 of all patients who were referred for removal of a prolonged IVC filter with a dwell time >1 year. Descriptive analysis was used to evaluate patients' characteristics and procedural outcomes, which were reviewed through electronic medical records. Data were expressed as median with interquartile range (IQR) or number and percentage, as appropriate. Results A total of 47 patients were identified with a median filter dwell time of 10.0 years (IQR, 6-13 years); 34 patients underwent IVC filter removal, and 13 patients refused retrieval. The median age of patients was 54.9 years (IQR, 42.5-64.0 years); the majority were female (57%) and white (53%). The most common indication for filter placement was high risk despite anticoagulation (49%), followed by venous thromboembolism prophylaxis (21%). The majority of patients were symptomatic (72%). If symptomatic, the most common reason for retrieval was IVC penetration (94%), and the chief complaint was pain (56%). Retrieval success was 97%, with a median length of stay of 0 days. The majority of retrievals were performed through an endovascular approach (97%). There was one postprocedural complication (3%). Conclusions Despite prolonged dwell times, IVC filter retrieval can be performed safely and effectively in carefully selected patients at a tertiary referral center.
Cigarette, E-cigarette, Alcohol, and Marijuana Use by Cancer Diagnosis Status: A Longitudinal Analysis

Background:Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. Lifestyle choices such as substance abuse can impact a survivor’s health and overall quality of life.Methods:We used lon...
Postoperative Pain Management of Pediatric Neurosurgical Patients

Healthcare providers commonly underestimate pain after pediatric neurosurgery. Recent evidence suggests a significant incidence of severe pain and inadequate pain relief after neurosurgery. Poorly managed postoperative pain is associated with adverse outcomes. Consequently, the perception and management of pediatric postoperative neurosurgical pain are changing. This chapter reviews the current understanding of pain after pediatric neurosurgery and pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic therapies. It also discusses the approach to pain assessment in children to help guide providers who do not routinely care for children. There is a brief description of persistent post-craniotomy pain and the role of genetic factors in postoperative pain management.