cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Passive Acoustic Vessel Localization

This thesis investigates the development of a low-cost passive acoustic system for localizing moving vessels to monitor areas where human activities such as fishing, snorkeling and poaching are restricted. The system uses several off-theshelf sensors with unsynchronized clocks where the Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) or time delay is extracted by cross-correlation of the signal between paired sensors. The cross-correlation function uses phase correlation or Phase Transform (PHAT) which whitens the cross-spectrum in order to de-emphasize dominant frequency components. Using the locations of pairs of sensors as foci, hyperbolic equations can be defined using the time delay between them. With three or more sensors, multiple hyperbolic functions can be calculated which intersect at a unique point: the boat’s location. It is also found that increasing separation distances between sensors decreased the correlation between the signals. However larger separation distances have better localization capability than with small distances. Experimental results from the Columbia and Willamette Rivers are presented to demonstrate performance.
Mother of Berries, ACDC, or Chocolope: Examination of the Strains Used by Medical Cannabis Patients in New England.

Medical marijuana patients often believe that specific strains are more efficacious at treating their conditions. The goals of this investigation were to determine: (1) how many strains of cannabis are there; (2) which strains are used by medical cannabis (MC) patients; and (3) are there any differences in the strains used by patient condition? Study I involved quantifying the number of strains listed in the online database leafly.com and categorizing these by whether the strain name included a gustatory component. MC patients (N = 455) from New England completed an anonymous online survey about their medical history and strain preferences in Study II. There were 1,987 strains listed. Hybrids were significantly more likely than Cannabis indica strains to have a gustatory title. Strain preferences were highly state/dispensary specific with one-fifth of MC patients in Maine preferring Mother of Berries (M.O.B., 21.5%). Many respondents mentioned that they had developed a time-dependent pattern with sativa use during the day and an indica for nighttime use and for improving sleep. There is some general consistency across dispensaries in that hybrid strains and C. indica were most common. Further longitudinal and controlled investigations are necessary to identify the strains that are most efficacious for specific conditions.
Teaching Functional Language to the Handicapped: An Integrative Model of Natural Environment Teaching Techniques

Almost without exception, language training programs for moderately and severely handicapped individuals recommend use of structured sessions in distraction-free settings. Although these procedures may be necessary to teach some prerequisites of language, they may not facilitate generalization to the natural environment where language is actually used. It is recommended that early in the program the context of training be changed from a special training setting to the everyday setting (e.g., home, school, ward). Three different, but overlapping, training procedures have been developed and proven experimentally to produce language in the everyday setting. Each procedure is described and discussed in terms of how it contributes to an integrative model of natural environment language training.
Summary overview of clinical session.

It is apparent from the recent work presented at this meeting that great strides have been made in the past few years in our understanding of the biology of leukemia, from the molecular to the clinical leveis, but, unfortunately, these advances have not yet been translated into improved methods of treatment. As Hardisty recently pointed out [1], the major advances in the treatment of childhood leukemia took place more than 10 years ago, and there has been relatively little progress since then in developing better treatment for patients presenting with disease features which are associated with a poor prognosis; about half of the children and over half of the adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are still dying of their disease even with the best modern treatment regimens. The best results yet reported in adults with ALL were achieved with a protocol which was designed over 10 years ago [2], and our own attempts as well as those of other investigators since then to improve further the treatment of adults have been unsuccessful [3, 4]
Spoken written-language in writing center talk

Abstract Our goals are to examine the validity of concerns about plagiarism and, more speculatively, about short circuiting students’ thinking in writing center tutoring. Specifically, we describe spoken written-language (SWL), the oral language that writing center tutors produce for potential use in the student writers’ written products. We analyze SWL from a specialized corpus of 37 conferences in terms of three variables: (1) the length of each SWL occurrence, (2) the frequency with which SWL occurs in a given conference, and (3) the extent to which an SWL occurrence is ready for placement in a written text. Our analysis indicates that student writers’ use of tutors’ SWL in their papers does not represent plagiarism and that, in fact, it may help student writers move forward in their writing.
Food cue reactivity in food addiction: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study

Abstract Background While neuroimaging studies have revealed that reward dysfunction may similarly contribute to obesity and addiction, no prior studies have examined neural responses in individuals who meet the “clinical” food addiction phenotype. Methods Women (n = 44) with overweight and obesity, nearly half of whom (n = 20) met criteria for moderate-to-severe Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (YFAS 2.0) food addiction, participated in a functional magnetic resonance imaging cue reactivity task. Participants viewed images of highly processed foods, minimally processed foods, and household objects while thinking about how much they wanted each item. Differences in neural responses by YFAS 2.0 food addiction to highly processed and minimally processed food cues were investigated. Results There was a significant interaction between participant group and neural response in the right superior frontal gyrus to highly versus minimally processed food cues ( r = 0.57). Individuals with YFAS 2.0 food addiction exhibited modest, elevated responses in the superior frontal gyrus for highly processed food images and more robust, decreased activations for minimally processed food cues, whereas participants in the control group showed the opposite responses in this region. Across all participants, the household items elicited greater activation than the food cues in regions associated with interoceptive awareness and visuospatial attention (e.g., insula, inferior frontal gyrus, inferior parietal lobe). Conclusions Women with overweight or obesity and YFAS 2.0 food addiction, compared to those with only overweight or obesity, exhibited differential responses to highly and minimally processed food cues in a region previously associated with cue-induced craving in persons with a substance-use disorder. Overall, the present work provides further support for the utility of the food addiction phenotype within overweight and obesity.
Associations of Self-Reported History of Depression and Antidepressant Use Before Stroke Onset With Poststroke Post-Acute Rehabilitation Care-An Exploratory Study: The BASIC (Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi) Project

Background Prestroke depression status and post–acute rehabilitation care (PARC) are determinants of poststroke depression and function. However, little is known on how prestroke depression status ...
Improved solar illumination collection using holographic light management techniques

Traditional silicon photovoltaic modules have some inactive module surface area (IMSA) that are not covered by the solar cells due to the shading of bus bars, finger contacts, and the unused space between the octagonal solar cells. Collecting the solar power falling onto the IMSA will increase the overall energy yield and potentially decrease the $/kW-hr rating for the PV system. Therefore, we proposed a low-cost holographic light management technique which combines the holographic optical elements (HOEs) and a white Lambertian scatter surface. Simulation and comparison are performed for three different light collection systems. The results show that 6.40% more light collection efficiency can be achieved by using HOEs combined with a white scatter surface.
Terahertz emission from magnetic thin film and patterned heterostructures

In recent years terahertz (THz) technology has been an emerging research field with a broad range of applications. THz radiation falls between the infrared and microwave radiation in the electromagnetic spectrum. Most THz sources to date are not related to the spin degree of freedom; however, recent research efforts in spintronics and ferromagnetism demonstrated that the electron spin offers completely new opportunities for the generation of ultrafast photocurrents. For instance, magnetic heterostructures are very easy to pattern and potentially allow to tailor THz emission characteristics by design. Here, we demonstrate that an ultrafast spin-current pulse driven by a femtosecond laser pulse can create THz transients in microstructured magnetic heterostructures due to the inverse spin Hall effect. We compare the THz electric field and the THz spectrum of a control CoFeB/Pt film with microstructured CoFeB/Pt wires as well as microstructured CoFeB/MgO wires patterned on an extended Pt film. We find that the THz electric field amplitude is proportional to the coverage of the CoFeB/Pt heterostructure on top of the MgO substrate. Furthermore, we analyze the magnetization direction dependence of the THz transients with respect to the easy axis of the ferromagnetic wire. The presented results are the first steps towards shaping and controlling the THz properties by microstructuring of spintronics-based THz emitters.
Reinforcement Learning Applied to Cognitive Space Communications

The future of space exploration depends on robust, reliable communication systems. As the number of such communication systems increase, automation is fast becoming a requirement to achieve this goal. A reinforcement learning solution can be employed as a possible automation method for such systems. The goal of this study is to build a reinforcement learning algorithm which optimizes data throughput of a single actor. A training environment was created to simulate a link within the NASA Space Communication and Navigation (SCaN) infrastructure, using state of the art simulation tools developed by the SCaN Center for Engineering, Networks, Integration, and Communications (SCENIC) laboratory at NASA Glenn Research Center to obtain the closest possible representation of the real operating environment. Reinforcement learning was then used to train an agent inside this environment to maximize data throughput. The simulation environment contained a single actor in low earth orbit capable of communicating with twenty-five ground stations that compose the Near-Earth Network (NEN). Initial experiments showed promising training results, so additional complexity was added by augmenting simulation data with link fading profiles obtained from real communication events with the International Space Station. A grid search was performed to find the optimal hyperparameters and model architecture for the agent. Using the results of the grid search, an agent was trained on the augmented training data. Testing shows that the agent performs well inside the training environment and can be used as a foundation for future studies with added complexity and eventually tested in the real space environment.
Why RCTs failed to answer the biggest questions about microcredit impact

Abstract If there was ever an economic debate that randomized controlled trials could help resolve, it seemed to be the debate over the average economic and social impact of microcredit. When the first RCTs were published in 2015, they undermined beliefs in the potential to reduce mass poverty through microcredit, cutting through years of methodological debate. In retrospect, however, the studies reveal challenges in drawing inferences across RCTs. By design, the studies focus on marginal customers and marginal locations. As a result, the RCTs are most interesting and informative on their own terms and in their own idiosyncratic contexts. While it is tempting to interpret the results broadly, the studies were never designed to measure the average impact of microcredit. Ultimately, the RCTs shifted views on the possibilities for expanding microcredit and generated valuable insights, but they also showed that a diversity of methods—from RCTs that explore other margins to ethnography and financial diaries—is required to assess the sector’s overall contributions.
You Are Not Alone: Building Community Among Graduate Students in CS Education Research

CSEd graduate students face a variety of unique issues. First, within a CS or information science program, this research area is not considered to be highly popular with respect to the quantity of CSEd faculty, graduate courses, and professionals immersed in this research area. Already, this presents a disadvantage compared to other peers in popular areas who have resources and/or a research community at their institutions to support them. Further, graduate students in this field are frequently one of the few, if not the only, CSEd researchers at their institutions. As a result, many graduate students have limited avenues to get consistent, relevant, critical feedback on their work, especially research-in-progress, i.e. research that has not already been published. In this Birds of a Feather (BoF) session, we aim to create and foster a safe and open environment that allows participants to get feedback on research-in-progress and share experiences and issues with being a graduate student in CSEd research. We invite genuine and honest conversations about the challenges facing rising academics and professionals in this area. Though the focus will be on CSEd research graduate students, any attendee who would like to hear about our experiences is welcome. We have two goals: (1) to cultivate mentorship relationships among participants to send them off with potential collaborators, supporters and advocates, and (2) to brainstorm ways to sustain these discussions in the ACM CSEd community.
Perceptions of Rehabilitative Change among Incarcerated Persons Enrolled in a Prison-Equine Program (PEP)

Guided by a grounded theory methodology, the authors propose a theory of rehabilitation for incarcerated persons within a prison equine program (PEP). Interviews with ten incarcerated men yielded a grounded theory of rehabilitative change centered around the importance of relationships with program staff and horses, and the uniqueness of the barn-equine environment in promoting safe attachments and positive views of self. Special emphasis is placed on the development of secure reparative attachments between men and their horses grounded in acceptance and mutual empathy, as well as the development of redemptive identities whereby participants viewed themselves as having purpose and value as human beings. Implications for policy and practice for fostering effective rehabilitation in incarceration settings are discussed.
Considering the Process of Debt Collection in Community Corrections: The Case of the Monetary Compliance Unit:

Monetary sanctions levied on individuals on probation and parole may dramatically influence their ability to reintegrate into the community and to complete their community supervision. Yet very lit...
The Consumption Multiplier of Government Purchases: Evidence from U.S. States

We analyze evidence from US states to compute the open economy relative multiplier along the lines of Nakamura and Steinsson (2014). Identification of exogenous government spending shocks is achieved by exploiting the secular tendency of some states to receive a disproportionate share of military spending relative to others. Our contribution is twofold. First, we gather additional procurement data to extend the previous series until 2013, thus including the Great Recession and its aftermath. Second, to our knowledge, this is the first attempt at analyzing the effects of military spending shocks on an aggregate consumption measure at state level. Estimated short run multipliers on output range between 1.3 and 1.6. There is some weak evidence that points to a positive effect on private consumption in the short run. Nonlinearities in the estimated multipliers seem to play a much more important role: both output and consumption respond sharply when unemployment is relatively high, or since the onset of the Great Recession. We use these estimates as a diagnostic tool to evaluate the performance of competing models of the economy. The strong evidence pointing to state-dependent multipliers, even after controlling for monetary policy, seems to be consistent with the predictions of a New-Keynesian model with credit-constrained consumers.
Introduction: Eustace Palmer, Critic, Novelist & Teacher

This meta-criticism of Eustace Palmer’s approach to literary criticism seeks to affirm the work of one of the most influential pioneers of criticism of the African novel and one of the first to com...
Revealing a history: palimpsest text separation with generative networks

A palimpsest is a historical manuscript in which the original text (termed under-text) was erased and overwritten with another script in order to recycle the parchment. One of the main challenges in studying palimpsests is to reveal the under-text. Due to the development of multi-spectral imaging, the original text can sometimes be recovered through material differences of inks and parchment (Easton et al., in: 2011 19th European signal processing conference, IEEE, 2011). However, generally, the revealed text can be observed only partially due to the overlap with newer text and degradation of the material. In this work, we propose revealing the under-text completely using deep generative networks, by leveraging prior spatial information of the under-text script. To optimize the under-text, we mimic the process of palimpsest creation. This is done by generating the under-text from a separately trained generative network to match it to the palimpsest image after mixing it with foreground text. The mixing process is represented by a separate neural network, that is optimized with the under-text image to match the original palimpsest. We also add an additional background generative network to compensate for the unevenness of the background. We propose a novel way of training the background generative network, that does not require isolated background samples and can use any region with layers of text. This paper illustrates the first known attempt to solve palimpsest text layer separation with deep generative networks. We evaluate our method performance on artificial and real palimpsest manuscripts by measuring character recognition and pixel-wise accuracy of the reconstructed under-text.
Fluid discrimination using detrended seismic impedance

AbstractCompaction effects can obscure the impedance separation between hydrocarbon-bearing and fully brine-saturated sandstones. We have improved their discrimination by removing depth-related tre...
Experiments on the Conservation or Non-Conservation of Isospin, Parity, and Charge Conjugation and Time Reversal Invariance

This report concerns mainly some experimental problems related to tests of conservation laws and symmetry principles in intermediate energy physics. The principal symmetries considered are charge independence, CI, charge symmetry, CS, and time reversal invariance, T, in the electromagnetic interaction of hadrons. Tests involving neutral particles in the initial and final states are among the most difficult and will be emphasized. They represent areas in which precise new data would be most welcome. Results of two recent tests, one of charge conjugation invariance, C, and the other on parity, P, conservation in the nucleon-nucleon interaction are also presented.
Human factors in aviation

The fundamental principles of human-factors (HF) analysis for aviation applications are examined in a collection of reviews by leading experts, with an emphasis on recent developments. The aim is to provide information and guidance to the aviation community outside the HF field itself. Topics addressed include the systems approach to HF, system safety considerations, the human senses in flight, information processing, aviation workloads, group interaction and crew performance, flight training and simulation, human error in aviation operations, and aircrew fatigue and circadian rhythms. Also discussed are pilot control; aviation displays; cockpit automation; HF aspects of software interfaces; the design and integration of cockpit-crew systems; and HF issues for airline pilots, general aviation, helicopters, and ATC.
Lyapunov Exponents and Spectral Analysis of Ergodic Schr\"odinger Operators: A Survey of Kotani Theory and its Applications

The absolutely continuous spectrum of an ergodic family of one-dimensional Schr\"odinger operators is completely determined by the Lyapunov exponent as shown by Ishii, Kotani and Pastur. Moreover, the part of the theory developed by Kotani gives powerful tools for proving the absence of absolutely continuous spectrum, the presence of absolutely continuous spectrum, and even the presence of purely absolutely continuous spectrum. We review these results and their recent applications to a number of problems: the absence of absolutely continuous spectrum for rough potentials, the absence of absolutely continuous spectrum for potentials defined by the doubling map on the circle, and the absence of singular spectrum for the subcritical almost Mathieu operator.
Radiation from a relativistic Poynting jet: some general considerations

We provide estimates for the flux and maximum frequency of radiation produced when the magnetic field in a relativistic, highly magnetized, jet is dissipated and particles are accelerated using general considerations. We also provide limits on the jet Lorentz factor and magnetization parameter from the observed flux. Furthermore, using the Lorentz invariance of scalar quantities produced with electromagnetic tensor, we provide constraints on particle acceleration, and general features of the emergent radiation. We find that the spectrum below the peak softens with decreasing frequency. This spectral feature might be one way of identifying a magnetic jet.
A fatal case of transfusion-transmitted babesiosis in the State of Delaware.

BACKGROUND: Most cases of human babesiosis in North America are caused by Babesia microti, which is endemic in the northeastern and upper midwestern United States. Although the disease is usually transmitted by a tick bite, there has been an increase in the number of transfusion-transmitted cases reported. We describe a fatal case of transfusion-transmitted babesiosis in a nonendemic state, Delaware. CASE REPORT: The patient was a 43-year-old Caucasian woman with history of transfusion-dependent Diamond-Blackfan syndrome, hepatitis C, and splenectomy. She was admitted initially for presumptive pneumonia. The next day, a routine examination of the peripheral blood smears revealed numerous intraerythrocytic ring forms, consistent with Babesia. The parasitemia was approximately 5% to 6%. The diagnosis was confirmed by positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for B. microti DNA and high titer of antibody to B. microti (1:2048). Despite aggressive therapy including clindamycin and quinine antibiotics, the patient expired 3 days after admission. Subsequently, 13 blood donors were tested for B. microti. All tested donors were negative by PCR. However, one donor living in New Jersey had a significant elevated B. microti antibody titer (1:1024). CONCLUSIONS: We believe that this is the first reported case of transfusion-transmitted babesiosis in Delaware, a nonendemic state. Our case illustrates that clinicians should consider babesiosis in the differential diagnosis of immunocompromised patients who have fever and recent transfusion history, even in areas where babesiosis is not endemic. It also demonstrates the need for better preventive strategies including more sensitive, specific, and rapid blood donor screening tests to prevent transfusion-transmitted babesiosis.
Synthesis of bastadin analogs through an SNAr coupling strategy

Abstract The synthesis of a bastadin-5 analog was achieved in 16% overall yield (16 steps, longest linear sequence) using a strategy of intermolecular S N Ar coupling to create diphenyl ether bonds and sequential amide couplings to close the ring. Noteworthy elements include assembly of all four substituted aryl rings from two simple benzaldehydes, strict regiocontrol of meta- versus para -aryl ether bonds and management of the reductively-sensitive aryl bromine substituents.
251 NUTRITIONAL VARIABLES AND RELEASE OF WATER FROM THE NEONATAL RESERVOIR

We gavage fed neonatal rabbits for 72 hours, employing differing intakes of H2O, Na, and calories (cal) and measured skeletal muscle water (ml/gm fat free dry weight) at 72 hours of age. Reducing H2O, Na and cal by 50% reduced loss of reservoir H2O. Reducing just Na and cal intake had a similar effect. However, the greatest retention of reservoir H2O occurred when only caloric intake was lowered and H2O and Na were provided in normal amounts. We have previously shown that postnatal loss of H2O from the tissue reservoir is inversely proportional to weight gain and, therefore, to milk intake. Of the three milk components we have examined, reduced energy intake appears to be the most important stimulus to retention of reservoir water.
The role of region IVS5 of the human cardiac calcium channel in establishing inactivated channel conformation: use-dependent block by benzothiazepines.

The role of inactivated channel conformation and use dependence for diltiazem, a specific benzothiazepine calcium channel inhibitor, was studied in chimeric constructs and point mutants created in the IVS5 transmembrane segment of the L-type cardiac calcium channel. All mutations, chimeric or point mutations, were restricted to IVS5, while the YAI-containing segment in IVS6, i.e. the primary interaction site with benzothiazepines, remained intact. Slowed inactivation rate and incomplete steady state inactivation, a behavior of some mutants, were accompanied by a reduced or by a complete loss of use-dependent block by diltiazem. Single channel properties of mutants that lost use dependence toward diltiazem were characterized by drastically elongated mean open times and distinctly slower time constants of open time distribution. Mutation of individual residues of the IVMLF segment in IVS5 did not mimic the complete loss of use dependence as observed for the replacement of the whole stretch. These results establish evidence that amino acids that govern inactivation and the drug-binding site and other amino acids that are located distal from the putative drug-binding site contribute significantly to the function of the benzothiazepine receptor region. The data are consistent with a complex "pocket" conformation that is responsive to a specific class of L-type calcium channel inhibitors. The data allow for a concept that multiple sites within regions of the alpha(1) subunit contribute to auto-regulation of the L-type Ca(2+) channel.
Uterine papillary serous carcinoma: epidemiology, pathogenesis and management.

Purpose of reviewUterine papillary serous carcinoma (UPSC) is a rare but aggressive subtype of endometrial cancer. Although it represents only 10% of all endometrial cancer cases, UPSC accounts for up to 40% of all endometrial cancer-related recurrences and subsequent deaths. The present article rev
Toward direct biocontrol using surface EMG signals: control of finger and wrist joint models

Increased interest in virtual reality (VR) and telemanipulation has created a growing need for the development of new interfacing devices for measuring controlling actions of the human hand. The objective of the present study was to determine if surface electromyography signals (SEMG) from the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS), and flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) generated during flexion-extension of the human index finger and wrist can be used for controlling the flexion-extension of the finger and wrist of a simple geometric computer model. A simple geometric computer model of finger and wrist joints was developed. Eighteen subjects controlled the computer model using the SEMG signals from their FDS and FCU. The results indicate that the SEMG signals from the FDS and FCU muscles can be used as a direct biocontrol technique for controlling the finger and wrist models. This study establishes the proof of concept for direct biological control of the dynamic motion of the finger and wrist models for use in virtual reality environments and telemanipulation.
Effects of Felodipine on Renal Function in Animals

The effects of felodipine on renal function were evaluated in dogs and rats using renal clearance, haemodynamic and micropuncture techniques. Unilateral renal arterial infusion of felodipine in anaesthetised dogs produced an ipsilateral diuresis and natriuresis without changing the mean arterial blood pressure, renal blood flow or glomerular filtration rate. In similar studies, the non-calcium antagonist vasodilator, hydralazine, produced antidiuresis and antinatriuresis. Continuous intravenous administration of felodipine in anaesthetised normotensive rats also produced a diuresis and natriuresis without changing mean arterial blood pressure, renal blood flow, whole kidney or single nephron glomerular filtration rate. Renal tubular reabsorption of water and sodium were inhibited in the distal tubule and collecting duct; neither potassium excretion nor reabsorption were affected. Bolus intravenous administration of felodipine to conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats produced dose-related decreases in mean arterial blood pressure and renal vascular resistance which were associated with increases in renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate, urinary flow rate and sodium excretion; urinary potassium excretion was not affected. The non-calcium antagonist vasodilator minoxidil produced antidiuresis and antinatriuresis. Felodipine, a calcium-antagonist vasodilator used as an antihypertensive, possesses beneficial diuretic and natriuretic properties which are due to its direct effect on renal tubular water and sodium reabsorption.
Is it worthwhile to treat peyronie disease

Several articles describing the natural history of Peyronie disease have shown that untreated patients seem to have spontaneous improvement. It has been suggested that this could be the reason for the success of so many different methods. A review of the literature and of our previous experience has been done, trying to clarifying this issue. Our findings indicate that although treatment does not increase appreciably the percentages of amelioration of symptoms over the spontaneous evolution, it accelerates the improvement. Analysis is made of several factors which we have found to be important when making a decision for treatment: type of symptoms, psychologic impact of them, possible complications of the different therapy methods, and time interval from beginning of symptoms to treatment. The question of the worthiness of treating Peyronie disease does not have a single answer. We believe there are definite indications and several factors to be considered.
Effects of Final-State Charge Exchange in the (π, πN) Reaction on Nickel Targets

It is shown that the ratios of one-nucleon-removal cross sections by ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ and ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ recently measured for $^{58}\mathrm{Ni}$ and $^{60}\mathrm{Ni}$ targets are in reasonable agreement with the Sternheim-Silbar modified impulse approximation that incorporates final-state-nucleon charge exchange.
An algorithm for evolving multiple quantum operators for arbitrary quantum computational problems

We design and analyze a real-coded genetic algorithm for the use in evolving collections of quantum unitary operators (not circuits) which act on pure or mixed states over arbitrary quantum systems while interacting with fixed, problem specific operators (e.g., oracle calls) and intermediate partial measurements. Our algorithm is general enough so as to allow its application to multiple, very different, areas of quantum computation research.
The Tools, Tactics, and Mentality of Outlaw Biker Wars

Warfare among rival outlaw motorcycle clubs has been and remains a critical dynamic in the subculture. This paper examines the role of war mentality in the biker subculture and how it has changed overtime. Specific exemplary and noteworthy events are discussed to illustrate critical ideas. Also examined are the changing tactics, defenses, and tools used in these conflict and how the mentality of the outlaw biker club has contributed to the evolution of warfare from impulsive, self-gratifying mayhem to more calculating symbolic and instrumental acts.
Chromosomal assignment of the human gene for the cancer-associated retinopathy protein (recoverin) to chromosome 17p13.1

The gene for the mouse recoverin protein (23 kDa photoreceptor-specific protein, S-modulin, or the Cancer-Associated Retinopathy protein) was recently assigned to mouse chromosome 11, closely linked to trp53. In this paper, the human gene for recoverin was localized to human chromosome 17 by Southern analysis of restriction digests of the DNA from mouse/human somatic cell hybrids. Using a 7 kb subclone of the human recoverin gene, a positive fluorescence in situ hybridization signal was demonstrated near the terminus of the short arm of chromosome 17 at position p13.1. The mapping of recoverin to this region of human chromosome 17, which contains a number of cancer-related loci, suggests a possible mechanism by which cancer-associated retinopathy occurs in humans.
Climate variation and prediction of rapid intensification in tropical cyclones in the western North Pacific

One of the greatest challenges in tropical weather forecasting is the rapid intensification (RI) of the tropical cyclone (TC), during which its one-minute maximum sustained wind speed increases at least 30 knots per 24 hours. Here we identify and elucidate the climatic conditions that are critical to the frequency and location of the RI on annual, intraseasonal, and interannual time scales. Whereas RI and formation share common environmental preferences, we found that the percentage of TCs with RI varies annually and from year to year. In August, only 30% of TC actually experiences RI, in contrast to the annual maximum of 47% in November. The proportion of RI in July–September is higher during El Nino years (53%) than the corresponding one in the La Nina years (37%). Three climate factors may contribute to the increase in the proportion of RI: the southward shift in the monthly or seasonal mean location of the TC formation, the increase in the low-level westerly meridional shear vorticity, and the decrease in northerly vertical shear. When the mean latitude of TC formation increases, the mixed-layer heat content decreases while TC’s inertial stability increases; both are more detrimental to the RI than to TC formation because the RI requires large amount of latent heat energy being extracted efficiently from the ocean mixed layer and requires accelerated low-level radial inflow that carries latent heat reaching the inner core region.
Electromagnetic field modeling and ion optics calculations for a continuous-flow AMS system

Abstract A continuous-flow 14C AMS (CFAMS) system is under construction at the NOSAMS facility. This system is based on a NEC Model 1.5SDH-1 0.5 MV Pelletron accelerator and will utilize a combination of a microwave ion source (MIS) and a charge exchange canal (CXC) to produce negative carbon ions from a continuously flowing stream of CO2 gas. For high-efficiency transmission of the large emittance, large energy-spread beam from the ion source unit, a large-acceptance and energy-achromatic injector consisting of a 45° electrostatic spherical analyzer (ESA) and a 90° double-focusing magnet has been designed. The 45° ESA is rotatable to accommodate a 134-sample MC-SNICS as a second ion source. The high-energy achromat (90° double focusing magnet and 90° ESA) has also been customized for large acceptance. Electromagnetic field modeling and ion optics calculations of the beamline were done with Infolytica MagNet, ElecNet, and Trajectory Evaluator. PBGUNS and SIMION were used for the modeling of ion source unit.
Overview on reflective liquid crystal displays using one polarizer

The electro-optic effect and viewing angle characteristics of some recently developed single-polarizer reflective liquid crystal displays are compared under same material parameters. The mixed-mode twisted nematic cells and biaxial film-compensated thin homogeneous cells are promising for both direct-view and projection displays employing crossed polarizers. How to improve contrast ratio for the parallel- polarizer displays remain a technical challenge.
Dynamics of a particle in a viscous fluid

Abstract Momentum and energy theorems are applied to the relative motion of a particle and a viscous fluid confined within a cylinder of arbitrary cross-section. Analysis in the laminar regime reveals the existence of a finite shearing force on the walls of the cylinder bounding the flow, even though the latter may be infinitely distant from the particle. This force, above and beyond that which would be observed in the absence of the particle from the cylinder, with fluid flowing at the same mean velocity, is given by where V m = mean velocity of flow measured by an observer at rest with respect to walls, v 0 0 = approach velocity to particle from same frame of reference, D = drag on particle of arbitrary shape. The result is correct to zeroth and first powers of the ratio of characteristic particle-to-cylinder dimensions. As the ratio v 0 0 / V m is independent of V m , this result also applies to pure settling ( V m = 0), in which case F + is the actual force on the wall. The existence of this force points up an important distinction between an unbounded fluid and one which is bounded at infinity. Experiments are cited which confirm the analysis.
Biochemical and biophysical studies of isolated horizontal cells from the teleost retina

Neurons in the vertebrate retina are interconnected by a complex network of chemical and electrical synapses which make it difficult to study the intrinsic biochemical and biophysical properties of individual cells. During the past decade, enzymatic methods have been developed for dissociating adult retinas into viable and readily identifiable single cells. Using this preparation, we and other investigators have studied the physiological and biochemical properties of several classes of isolated retinal cells. In particular, we have shown that a type of retinal interneuron, the GABA-ergic horizontal cell of teleost retinas, may be an excellent model system for examining the intrinsic membrane properties as well as the cellular mechanisms regulating GABA uptake, synthesis and release from an identified CNS neuron.
Reinvestigation of the GaMn structure and theoretical studies of its electronic and magnetic properties

Abstract The crystal structure of the binary gallide compound GaMn is reinvestigated using X-ray diffraction. The structure is quite different from that proposed previously. Although GaMn is reported to crystallize with the Al8Cr5 structure type, space group R3m, we found that the centrosymmetric space group R 3 m , with a=12.605(2) A and c=8.0424(11) A, was more accurate. Moreover, the atomic positions and the atomic displacement parameters, which are missing in the previous study, are now refined. Thereafter, band structure calculations have been performed using the TB-LMTO-ASA method to understand the electronic and magnetic properties of this compound. Analyses from the band structure, the density of states and the magnetic moments obtained using spin-polarized calculations show the stability of two different magnetic models relative to the nonmagnetic one.
An emerging blueprint for apoptosis in Drosophila.

Abstract Apoptosis research demonstrates that, even though the multitude of regulatory circuits controlling programmed cell death might diverge, core elements of the ‘apoptotic engine' are widely conserved. Therefore, studies in less complex model systems, such as the nematode and the fly, should continue to have a profound impact on our understanding of the process. This review explores genes and molecules that control apoptosis in Drosophila . The death inducers Reaper, Grim and Hid relay signals, possibly through IAPs (inhibitor of apoptosis proteins) and Dark (an Apaf-1/Ced-4 homologue), to trigger caspase function. This animal model promises continued insights into the determinants of cell death in ‘naturally occurring' and pathological contexts.
Researching Teams: Nothing's Going to Change Our World

As researchers focused on enhancing the performance of complex teams within military organizations, we offer a uniquely applied perspective to the issues raised in the focal article (Tannenbaum, Mathieu, Salas, & Cohen, 2012). We concur with Tannenbaum and colleagues that a gap between research and practice exists. To bridge this gap, we propose that we need to evaluate how variables affecting team effectiveness manifest, evolve, and affect performance in complex teams utilizing existing theory within and outside of our discipline. Moreover, we propose that more sophisticated methodological approaches that result in improvements in our ability to measure the phenomena of interest are necessary. Before elaborating on our proposed ideas, we pause to consider whether anything has changed and if anything is missing.
Identification of positive secondary ions in static sims spectra of poly(methylmethacrylate) using the deuterated polymer

Positive static SIMS spectra of poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) and perdeuterated PMMA have been compared. The usefulness of this approach for the distinction between hydrocarbon and oxygen-containing secondary ions is demonstrated. For example, a major characteristic fragment like the one at 69 amu, which had been tentatively identified as C5H9+ by other authors, was shown to be C4H5O+.
Some continuous edgeworth expansions for Markov chains with applications to bootstrap

Abstract This paper deals with the first order Edgeworth expansions for sums related to an ergodic Markov chain with general state space. In the first part of the paper, we establish certain continuity, w.r.t. the transition probability function and the initial distribution, in these expansions. In the second part, we illustrate the use of our continuous expansions in the area of bootstrap. We consider bootstrapping the distribution of the (sample) mean of a fixed real function of a Markov chain. Under a conditional non-latticeness condition, the bootstrap is shown to be second order accurate. As a second application we obtain Edgeworth expansions for the bootstrap approximation to the sampling distribution of the m.l.e. of a particular transition probability in a finite Markov chain. It is shown that the bootstrap is second order accurate and is therefore superior to the normal approximation, if the transition probability is irrational. In the other case, the exact asymptotic upper bound constant in the O(n− 1 2 ) rate of bootstrap approximation is determined.
How do MIS researchers handle missing data in survey-based research: A content analysis approach

Abstract Missing data is a common occurrence in survey-based research studies. However, the issue of missing data in Management Information Systems (MIS) literature has been overlooked, unlike the case in other disciplines such as Psychology, Marketing, Statistics, and Operations Management. The aim of this paper is to narrow this gap in the MIS field by investigating how MIS researchers address issues of missing data. This paper briefly outlines the causes of missing data in survey-based research as well as the common remedial techniques available to researchers. The paper also reviews how the common statistical software programs namely PASW (SPSS), SAS, LISREL, AMOS, EQS, and PLS handle missing data. It summarizes the common missing data remedial techniques and procedures and outlines how the presence of missing data affect sample size, statistical power, parameter estimates, ability to cope with different missing data patterns, and ease of implementation. Following that is a review of 749 survey-based research articles published between 1990 and 2010 in nine mainstream MIS Journals. The results reveal that researchers rarely report, explicitly, the presence or treatment of missing data and that when they do – they tend to use the least accurate techniques of listwise and pairwise deletion. The research concludes with recommendations that include a call for editorial policies that encourage the reporting of missing data, the reporting of the chosen missing data treatment techniques as well as the justifications for the techniques adopted by the researchers. The authors assert, based on the research, that following these recommendations will affect the rigor and quality of MIS survey-based research.
Inhibition of photosynthesis by ethylene.

Little is known about how the plant hormone ethylene influences plant growth, except that it probably affects a fundamental control system. Research with inhibitors of ethylene binding and action has significantly expanded the level of understanding of the hormone. While CO2, an inhibitor of ethylene binding, has been studied extensively1,2 the effect of ethylene on CO2, metabolism in photosynthesis has been virtually ignored. An initial communication indicated no photosynthetic response to ethylene by either Pisum sativum L. or Zea mays L.3, but the exposure and the number of species tested were extremely limited. We therefore made a more extensive examination of the relationship between photosynthesis and ethylene. We report here a pronounced and reversible effect of hormonally significant levels of ethylene on the photosynthesis of the peanut.
Overall and regional lung function in dogs exposed acutely to ozone.

Regional distribution of ventilation and overall function of the lungs were compared in anesthetized, paralyzed, mechanically ventilated dogs exposed to ozone. Three animals were exposed at each concentration (0, 0.13, 0.22, and 0.45 ppm ozone) for 3 hr. There were no significant changes in pulmonary flow resistance, dynamic compliance, or flow rates derived from maximum forced expiratory maneuvers. The distribution of inspired gas was determined using air containing 13 N and a positron camera to follow wash-in in each of 80 or more regions of the lung. The mean wash-in time () and its standard deviation did not change in sham-treated dogs, but increased by 40 to 100% in exposed animals. Dogs showing increases in also had increased frequency dependence of compliance (correlation significant at P 13 N wash-in reflected less uniform distribution of ventilation, with the greatest disparity occurring between central and marginal regions. Altered regional mechanical function, in the absence of overall changes, suggested that the initial effect of ozone was on the small airways. The measurement may be a sensitive indicator of acute irritation in the lung periphery.