cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PRIMITIVE IDEALS OF NON-NOETHERIAN DOWN-UP ALGEBRAS

ABSTRACT We identify the primitive ideals of non-Noetherian down-up algebras by determining specific elements that generate them. Primitive ideals of Noetherian down-up algebras have been previously identified, so in this work we complete the classification of primitive ideals in down-up algebras over ℂ.
A Syndrome of Hypopituitary Dwarfism, Hypoplasia of Optic Nerves, and Malformation of Prosencephalon: Report of 6 Patients

We have suggested that ‘idiopathic” hypopitutiaty dwarfism (IHP) is a heterogenous disorder of disparate pathogenesis [New Engl. J. Med. 278: 54, 1968]. Among a group of 36 children with sporadic IHP (16 isolated GH and 20 multiple pituitaru deficiencies) in whom mass lesions were excluded, 6 patients (3F, 3M) had a distinctive clinical entity of dwarfism, opticnerve dysplasia, and midline abnormalities of the prosencephalon. The findings included: congential diabetes insipidus in 2; bilateral hypoplasia of optic nerves with small optic discs in 6; pendular, dysjunctive nystagmus in 5; bilateral amblyopia in 3; inconstant, irregular field defects in 5; and documented growth hormone deficiency in 6 with multiple tropic hormone deficencies in 4/6. In 3 of 4 pateints, in whom a PEG was performed, absence of septum pellucidum, thin optic nerves and chiasm, abnormal fornices, irregular lamina terminalis, and an a abnormally shaped 3rd ventricle with small inferior pointing diverticulum from the optic recess were demonstrable. The sella turcica and suprasellar cistern were noted in 2 of 4 patients tested; I. Q. was normal or mildly subnormal in 6. No evidenve of ocular abnormalities of dwarfism was noted in the parents of sibs of the 6 patients. Hence, sporadic hypopituitary dwarfism is not uncommonly associated with a characteristic congenital malformation of the prosencephalon. The hypopitutiarism is ascribable to a diencephalic defect which results in deficiency of hypothalaminc hypophysiotropic factors and in some cases vasopressin.
Surgical Treatment of Postinfarction Ventricular Aneurysm

We have operated on 62 consecutive patients for postinfarction ventricular aneurysm since coronary bypass grafting became available. Analysis of hemodynamic and angiographic data reveals that the prognosis of operation is favorable if mean pulmonary artery pressure is less than 45 mm Hg and cardiac index is greater than 2.0 L/min/m2; such factors as the preoperative New York Heart Association Functional Class, number of coronary grafts, aneurysm size, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, and coronary score were not closely related to the outcome of operation. Hospital mortality was 6.5% (4 patients) and late mortality, with a mean follow-up of two years, was 11% (7 patients). The prognosis among survivors was good: 82% (46) achieved NYHA Class I or II status, whereas 87% (54) had been in Class III or IV preoperatively. Concomitant vein grafting with aneurysmectomy did not significantly enhance operative or late survival, nor did it add appreciably to the risk of operation. Long-term benefits of revascularization in addition to aneurysmectomy are expected but not yet proved.
Studies of kidney plasma membrane adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase.

Abstract Porcine kidney cortex was utilized for the preparation of plasma-membrane-enriched and soluble cytoplasmic (cytosol) fractions for the purpose of examining the relative properties of cyclic [3H]AMP receptor and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activities of these preparations. The affinity, specificity and reversibility of cyclic [3H]AMP interaction with renal membrane and cytosol binding sites were indicative of physiological receptors. Binding sites of cytosol and deoxycholate-solubilized membranes were half-saturated at approx. 50nM and 100 nM cyclic [3H]AMP. Native plasma membranes exhibited multiple binding sites which were not saturated up to 1 mM cyclic [3H]AMP. Modification of the cyclic phosphate configuration or 2′-hydroxyl of the ribose moiety of cyclic AMP produced a marked reduction in the effectiveness of the cyclic AMP analogue as a competitor with cyclic [3H]AMP for renal receptors. The cyclic [3H]AMP interaction with membrane and cytosol fractions was reversible and the rate and extent of dissociation of bound cyclic [3H]AMP was temperature dependent. With the plasma-membrane preparation, dissociation of cyclic [3H]AMP was enhanced by ATP or AMP. Assay of both kidney subcellular fractions for protein kinase activity revealed that cyclic AMP enhanced the phosphorylation of protamine, lysine-rich and arginine-rich histones but not casein. The potency and efficacy of activation of renal membrane and cytosol protein kinase by cyclic AMP analogues such as N6-butyryl-adenosine cyclic 3′,5′-monophosphate or N6,O2-dibutyryl-adenosine cyclic 3′,5′-monophosphate supported the observations on the effectiveness of cyclic AMP analogues as competitors with cyclic [3H]AMP in competitive binding assays. This study suggested that the membrane cyclic [3H]AMP receptors may be closely associated with the membrane-bound catalytic moiety of the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase system of porcine kidney.
Normal Aging does Not Impair Orbitofrontal-Dependent Reinforcer Devaluation Effects.

Normal aging is associated with deficits in cognitive flexibility thought to depend on prefrontal regions such as the orbitofrontal cortex. Here, we used Pavlovian reinforcer devaluation to test whether normal aging might also affect the ability to use outcome expectancies to guide appropriate behavioral responding, which is also known to depend on the orbitofrontal cortex. Both young and aged rats were trained to associate a 10 second conditioned stimulus (CS+) with delivery of a sucrose pellet. After training, half of the rats in each age group received the sucrose pellets paired with illness induced by LiCl injections; the remaining rats received sucrose and illness explicitly unpaired. Subsequently, responding to the CS+ was assessed in an extinction probe test. Although aged rats displayed lower responding levels overall, both young and aged rats conditioned to the CS+ and developed a conditioned taste aversion following reinforcer devaluation. Furthermore, during the extinction probe test, both young and aged rats spontaneously attenuated conditioned responding to the cue as a result of reinforcer devaluation. These data show that normal aging does not affect the ability to use expected outcome value to appropriately guide Pavlovian responding. This result indicates that deficits in cognitive flexibility are dissociable from other known functions of prefrontal - and particularly orbitofrontal - cortex.
Three dimensional live cell lithography

We investigate holographic optical trapping combined with step-and-repeat maskless projection stereolithography for fine control of 3D position of living cells within a 3D microstructured hydrogel. C2C12 myoblast cells were chosen as a demonstration platform since their development into multinucleated myotubes requires linear arrangements of myoblasts. C2C12 cells are positioned in the monomer solution with multiple optical traps at 1064 nm and then encapsulated by photopolymerization of monomer via projection of a 512x512 spatial light modulator illuminated at 405 nm. High 405 nm sensitivity and complete insensitivity to 1064 nm was enabled by a lithium acylphosphinate (LAP) salt photoinitiator. These wavelengths, in addition to brightfield imaging with a white light LED, could be simultaneously focused by a single oil immersion objective. Large lateral dimensions of the patterned gel/cell structure are achieved by x and y step-and-repeat process. Large thickness is achieved through multi-layer stereolithography, allowing fabrication of precisely-arranged 3D live cell scaffolds with micron-scale structure and millimeter dimensions. Cells are shown to retain viability after the trapping and encapsulation procedure.
Mixing and segregation of microspheres in microchannel flows of mono- and bidispersed suspensions

We investigate the mixing and segregation of mono- and bidispersed microsphere suspensions in microchannel flows. These flows are common in biological microelectromechanical systems (BioMEMS) applications handling blood or suspensions of DNA. Suspension transport in pressure driven flows is significantly hindered by shear-induced migration, where particles migrate away from the walls and are focused in the center due to multibody hydrodynamic interactions. The microchannels used in this study have geometries that induce chaotic advection in Newtonian fluids. Our results show that mixing in straight, herringbone and staggered herringbone channels depends strongly on volume fraction. Due to this complex interplay of advection and shear-induced migration, a staggered herringbone channel that typically results in chaotic mixing is not always effective for dispersing particles. The maximum degree of segregation is observed in a straight channel once the maximum packing fraction is reached at channel center. We modify a one-dimensional suspension balance model [R. Miller and J. Morris, J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 135, 149 (2006)] to describe the behavior at the center of the straight channel. The degree of mixing is then calculated as a function of bulk volume fraction, predicting the volume fraction that results in the maximum degree of segregation. In bidispersed suspension flow, it is shown that mixing of the larger species is enhanced in straight and staggered herringbone channels while segregation is enhanced at moderate volume fractions in herringbone channels. This suggests mixing and separations can be tailored by adjusting both the suspension properties and the channel geometry.
Use of the point of origin code from a universal billing form, UB-04, to efficiently identify hospitalized patients admitted from other health care facilities.

Background Recent exposure to health care facilities is a risk factor for carriage of multidrug-resistant organisms, but identification of hospitalized patients admitted from other health care facilities is often inefficient. Methods At an acute care hospital, we utilized a standard point of origin code from a universal billing form (UB-04) to categorize hospitalized patients as admitted from any health care facility (long-term care facility vs acute care facility). In a prospective study, the point of origin code and information obtained from physician-documented history were validated against patient self-report. Results Admission source for 523 patients was assessed. For identifying admission from any health care facility, the point of origin code had 86% sensitivity (95% confidence interval [CI]: 77-92) and 98% specificity (95% CI: 97-99). Physician-documented history had 75% sensitivity (95% CI: 65-84) and 98% specificity (95% CI: 96-99). For identifying patients from long-term care facilities, the sensitivities of the point of origin code and physician history were 50% (95% CI: 23-77) and 71% (95% CI: 42-92), respectively. For identifying patients admitted from acute care facilities, the sensitivities of the point of origin code and physician history were 93% (95% CI: 84-98) and 76% (95% CI: 64-85), respectively. Conclusion The point of origin code is an accurate method of identifying patients admitted from another health care facility that is comparable with physician-documented history.
Limnetic Larval Fish in the Nearshore Zone of the Western Basin of Lake Erie

Gizzard shad/alewife, Dorosoma cepedianum/Alosa pseudoharengus, emerald shiners, Notropis atherinoides, white bass/white perch, Morone chrysops/Morone americana, and yellow perch, Perca flavescens, constituted over 97% of the larval fish collected in Ohio and Michigan waters of the western basin of Lake Erie during 1977. Significantly greater numbers of gizzard shad/alewife and spottail shiner, Notropis hudsonius, larvae were captured immediately adjacent to the shore than at a depth of 5 m offshore while greater numbers of smelt, Osmerus mordax, larvae were captured at points further offshore at a depth of 5 m than at points immediately adjacent to the shore. Significantly greater numbers of walleye, Stizostedion vitreum, larvae were collected along the Ohio shoreline portion of the study area than in Maumee Bay or along the Michigan shoreline. Significantly greater numbers of freshwater drum, Aplodinotus grunniens, larvae were collected in Maumee Bay.
SULFINIC ACIDS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS. 16. SYNTHESES AND PROPERTIES OF SOME 4-(ALKYLDITHIO)-AND SUBSTITUTED 4-(ALKYLDITHIO) BUTANESULFINATE SALTS

Abstract Alkyl- and substituted alkyldithiobutanesulfinate salts of the structure RSS(CH2)4SO2Na were prepared in 62–81% yield by cleavage of 1,2-dithiane 1,1-dioxide (1) by thiolate salts. Compounds are reported with R = (CH3)3C (2), CH3(CH2)3 (3), CH3CH2 (4), HO(CH2)2 (5), HO2CCH2CH(CO2H) (6), NaO2S(CH2)4SS(CH2)3 (7), and NaO2S(CH2)4SS(CH2)5 (8). These compounds disproportionated in water to permit extraction of the symmetrical disulfide RSSR (3,5), or a mixture of RSSR and the dioxide 1 (2,4), or 1 only (6), or 1 plus insoluble polymer (7,8). The order of increasing resistance to disproportionation, where polymer was not involved, was estimated to be 3 < 6 < 4 ≤ 5 ≪ 2.
Evans calcaneal osteotomy.

"Tips, Quips, and Pearls" is a special section in The Journal of Foot & Ankle Surgery which is devoted to the sharing of ideas to make the practice offoot and ankle surgery easier. We invite our readers to share ideas with us in the form of special tips regarding diagnostic or surgical procedures, new devices or modifications of devices for making a surgical procedure a little bit easier, or virtually any other "pearl" that the reader believes will assist the foot and ankle surgeon in providing better care. Please address your tips to: Lowell Scott Weil, DPM, Editor-in-ChieJ, The Journal of Foot & Ankle Surgery, 1455 Golf Road, Des Plaines, 1L 60016; Fax: 847-729-0099; E-mail: LSWSR@aol.com
The Elasticity of Foreign Demand for U.S. Agricultural Products: The Importance of the Price Transmission Elasticity

Johnson and Tweeten (1967, 1977) have provided estimates of the elasticity of export demand for specific agricultural commodities and aggregate agricultural exports. These estimates indicate the aggregate export demand for U.S. agricultural commodities is very elastic with respect to price, and the estimated elasticity is somewhat greater than 6.0 in both cases. The elasticities of export demand for specific commodities are also very large, ranging from -2.8 for soybeans to 10.18 for feed grains (Johnson). Theoretically, the elasticity of export demand may be quite large. However, the Johnson-Tweeten estimates do not consider government policies which insulate domestic producers and consumers from external price fluctuations. In order to study the effect of these policies on the elasticity of export demand, we (a) examine the formulation of the elasticity of export demand and the implication of price insulation policies, (b) review the trade policies of major importers and competing exporters, and (c) calculate the export demand elasticities for major agricultural commodities which incorporate price insulation policies. These export demand elasticities are much smaller than those of Johnson and
Wicking of liquids into sagged fabrics

The classical Bernoulli problem of a freely hanging fabric sagged between two posts is used for the analysis of wicking phenomena. We show that wicking of a wetting liquid into a Bernoulli catenary is an instructive nontrivial experiment illustrating an unusual coupling between mechanical and capillary forces. When the liquid wicks into the material, it causes the catenary to sway back and forth. We studied theoretically and experimentally the kinetics of wicking into sagged nonwoven materials. The proposed experiment can be used for the analysis of transport and tensile properties of thin porous films.
Effect of surface roughness on wettability and displacement curvature in tubes of uniform cross-section

Abstract A fundamental problem in interpretation of the capillary properties of porous media is the effect of the interaction of wetting properties and pore geometry on interface curvature. Contact angles provide a fundamental measure of wetting. However, circumstances under which contact angles are reproducible and unambiguous are limited. Contact angles commonly exhibit hysteresis between advancing and receding conditions. The origin of the contact angle hysteresis may be related to either chemical or geometric properties or a combination of both. Small scale geometric features, such as surface roughness, can have a dominant effect on the effective contact angles at the three phase lines of contact and determine the local interface curvature. In this paper, the effect of roughness on the effective contact angle is studied by applying the MS–P (Mayer and Stowe, and Princen) method of computing interface curvatures, for the first time, to geometric models of surface roughness that include small scale periodic variation and retained fluid in grooves along the walls of tubes of constant cross section. The method provides a consistent account of interface behavior for wetting regimes commonly identified with Wenzel or Cassie and Baxter. The theoretical results are also shown to be consistent with experimental results on the wetting behavior of combinations of roughened polymeric tubes and pure liquids that give a range of well-defined intrinsic contact angles.
Measured Polarization Response of Negative Index Metamaterial

Free space microwave measurements are reported of a split ring and post type metamaterial that exhibits negative index of refraction in a frequency band near 13.5 GHz. Varying azimuthal angles and magnitudes are achieved by changing the polarization of the transmitter and receiver relative to each other and to the anisotropic material. The amplitude of the cross-polarized transmission has been measured at 50% of the co-polarization level. This polarization conversion is a significant loss mechanism
Laboratory Wet Milling of Corn: Milling Fraction Correlations and Variations Among Crop Years

ABSTRACT Several coproducts result from fractionating corn in the wet-milling process. Because small changes in product composition and milling characteristics can have a major impact on coproduct yields and values, testing is done to anticipate final product yields. Using small sample size and controlled conditions, a laboratory wet-milling method proved to be a useful tool for wet milling and genetics industries. A wet-milling process (100-g batches) was used for data collection. Data collected during 11 years (1994–2004) were observed for samples used as benchmarks to verify process precision and accuracy and determine correlations among wet-milling yields. More than 400 milling tests were performed on benchmark samples. Data from benchmark samples also were pooled. Coefficients of variation were low (<6%) for mean yields; year-to-year standard deviations of benchmark sample yield means were homogenous and implied precision of the procedure. Some differences were detected in mean yields among years (P ...
Homogenization estimates for the average behavior and field fluctuations in cubic and hexagonal viscoplastic polycrystals

Abstract The “second-order” homogenization procedure (J. Mech. Phys. Solids 50 (2002) 737) is used to compute estimates of the self-consistent type for the effective response of cubic and hexagonal viscoplastic polycrystals with isotropic textures. The method, which requires the computation of the averages of the stress field and the covariances of its fluctuations over the various grain orientations in an optimally selected “linear comparison polycrystal,” is also used to generate information on the heterogeneity of the stress and strain-rate fields within the polycrystals. In contrast with earlier estimates of the self-consistent type, such as those arising from the “incremental” and “tangent” schemes, the new estimates for the effective behavior are found to satisfy all known bounds, even in the strongly nonlinear, rate-insensitive limit. In addition, they are found to satisfy a recently proposed scaling law at large grain anisotropy. The fluctuations of the stresses and strain rates, which are nonzero for all grain orientations, are found to generally increase with decreasing strain-rate sensitivity (i.e., increasing nonlinearity) and with increasing grain anisotropy (which is typically higher for lower-symmetry systems).
Dehydration and partial melting of tremolitic amphibole coexisting with zoisite, quartz, anorthite, diopside, and water in the system H 2 O-CaO-MgO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2

The greenschist to amphibolite transition as modeled by the reaction zoisite+tremolite + quartz= anorthite+diopside+water has been experimentally investigated in the chemical system H2O−CaO− MgO−Al2O3−SiO2 over the range of 0.4–0.8 GPa. This reaction is observed to lie within the stability fields of anorthite + water and of zoisite + quartz, in accord with phase equilibrium principles, and its position is in excellent agreement with the boundary calculated from current internally-consistent data bases. The small dP/dT slope of 0.00216 GPa/K (21.6 bars/K) observed for this reaction supports the pressure-dependency of this transition in this chemical system. Experimental reversals of the Al content in tremolitic amphibole coexisting with zoisite, diopside, quartz, and water were obtained at 600, 650, and 700°C and indicated Al total cations (atoms per formula unit, apfu) of only up to 0.5±0.08 at the highest temperature. Thermodynamic analysis of these and previous compositional reversal data for tremolitic amphibole indicated that, of the activity/composition relationships considered, a two-site-coupled cation substitution model yielded the best fit to the data and a S0 (1 bar, 298 K) of 575.4±1.6 J/K · mol for magnesio-hornblende. The calculated isopleths of constant Al content in the amphibole are relatively temperature sensitive with Al content increasing with increasing temperature and pressure. Finally, several experiments in the range of 1.0–1.3 GPa were conducted to define the onset of melting, and thus the upper-thermal limit, for this mineral assemblage, which must involve an invariant point located at approximately 1.05 GPa and 770°C.
Selective acetylene detection through surface modification of metal–insulator–semiconductor sensors with alkanethiolate monolayers

Abstract Palladium-based metal–insulator–semiconductor sensors were functionalized with self-assembled monolayer coatings derived from alkanethiols with 6, 12, and 18 carbons. The functionalized sensor showed enhanced response to acetylene in a hydrogen background while showing negligible response to a similar gas, ethylene. The presence of sulfur alone on the surface resulted in a small acetylene response, suggesting that palladium–sulfur bond formation plays a role in the response. However, the response of alkanethiol SAM coated sensors was five times greater, indicating that the alkyl chain also affects acetylene detection.
The anisotropic elastic solid with an elliptic hole or rigid inclusion

Abstract The two-dimensional problem of an elliptic hole in a solid of general anisotropy subject to an arbitrarily prescribed traction on the hole surface is studied. Stroh's complex formalism is adopted here but real-form solutions are obtained for the displacement and the hoop stress around the hole. For an arbitrarily prescribed traction, the solutions are in the form of an infinite series. However, through the use of a conjugate function they can be expressed in closed form directly in terms of the applied traction. We also consider an elliptic rigid inclusion subject to a force and a torque. Again, real-form solutions are obtained for the interface stress, the hoop stress around the rigid inclusion and the rotation of the rigid inclusion. When there is no torque applied at the inclusion, the traction vector at the surface of the rigid inclusion is in the direction of the applied force and is a constant when the ellipse is a circle. This is an unexpected result since the material surrounding the rigid inclusion is of general anisotropy.
Distribution function data and the electronic states for parent ion fragmentation of some simple organic compounds

Abstract Equations based on those originally derived by Hills, Futrell and Wahrhaftig are solved to evaluate the first fragmentation rate constant in the mass spectrometer source. The results so obtained are related to the distribution function for the parent ion in the source, and thus are also related to photoelectron spectra of the compound. Hence, some identification of which energy states are leading to the fragmentation at a given energy can be made. This is applied to carbon disulfide, acetone and several simple alcohols, and distribution function data curves are given for those.
Subjective confidence and source reliability in soft data fusion

There is ongoing interest in constructing data fusion systems which are capable of using human (i.e., soft) decisions and confidence assessments as inputs. Most relevant studies involved experimentation with humans which is often expensive, subject to strict institutional regulations, and hard to validate and replicate. Here we make use of a mathematical model of human decision-making and human confidence assessment developed by Pleskac and Busemeyer (2010) in order to compare four types of fusion operators: (1) operators that use human-subject decisions (such as the k-out-of-N majority rule); (2) operators that use subject decisions and error rates (the Chair and Varshney fusion rule); (3) operators that use subject decisions and confidence assessments (Yager's rule and the Proportional Conflict Redistribution rule #5); and (4) operators that use subject decisions, confidence assessments, and the average strength of each subject's confidence assessment, namely the average Brier scores (Dempster's rule of combination and Bayes' rule of probability combination). The ability of each fusion system to discriminate between alternatives was determined by computing the normalized area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC). When the number of sources used by the fusion algorithm exceeded five, fusion operators which made use of decisions and confidence assessments alone (i.e., type (3)) produced the lowest (namely, worst) normalized AUC values. Operators which made use of subject reliabilities (i.e., types (2) and (4)) produced larger (namely, better) normalized AUC values which, in addition, were similar to those of fusion algorithms that relied on decisions alone (i.e., type (1)). For the city size discrimination task studied by Pleskac and Busmeyer, these results suggest that as the number of sources increases, the importance of decision self-assessment diminishes.
Changes in circadian rhythm of prolactin in short children are dependent on growth hormone secretion.

Introduction and objective. Taking into consideration the common ontogenic origin of prolactin (Prl) and growth hormone (GH), the Prl circadian pattern was analysed in children with different degrees of GH deficiency (GHD). Materials and methods. The analysis comprised 100 short children (31 girls and 69 boys), aged: 10.1±3.51 years. Based on maximal GH secretion (GHmax) during two stimulating tests multiple hormone deficiency (MPHD), severe isolated GHD (SIGHD), partial isolated GHD (PIGHD) or idiopathic short stature (ISS) were diagnosed. Non-inferential chronobiometry (macroscopic analysis) of the circadian Prl rhythm, based on serum Prl measured every 3 hours during 24 hours, was performed. In this analysis, mesor, the area under curve (AUC), peak and trough level, dispersion, mean nocturnal and diurnal concentration, night/day ratio, amplitude and regression index were estimated. Results. In the study group, the positive correlations between GHmax and Prl concentrations at 02:00 and at 05:00 were observed, as well as between GHmax and mesor, amplitude, mean nocturnal concentration, night/day ratio and AUC. The nocturnal rise of Prl secretion was blunted in 100% MPHD and 50% SIGHD children, whereas in most children with PIGHD and ISS, the circadian Prl rhythm was normal. Conclusions. 1) In short children, the lower the concentration of GH is, the more blunted nocturnal Prl secretion becomes. 2) In the majority of MPHD and SIGHD children (but not PIGHD), the circadian Prl rhythm was disturbed; namely, reduced nocturnal Prl secretion was noticeable.
The role of perceptions of political tactics in predicting turnover from behavioral intentions

The role of behavioral intentions in predicting turnover has received considerable attention in recent years. The purpose of the present study was to examine the potential moderating impact of a person's perceptions of political tactics (PPT) on the relationship between turnover intentions and voluntary turnover. The research sample consisted of 404 white-collar employees working for a textile manufacturing firm. Logistic regression indicated support for the hypothesized moderator effect. Results suggested that turnover intentions were less predictive of turnover for individuals who perceived political tactics to be useful in attaining organizational success as compared to those who perceived them not to be useful. Future research suggestions are provided.
Finite element analysis of incompressible laminar boundary layer flows

SUMMARY A numerical procedure was developed to solve the two-dimensional and axisymmetric incompressible laminar boundary layer equations using the semi-discrete Galerkin finite element method. Linear Lagrangian, quadratic Lagrangian, and cubic Hermite interpolating polynomials were used for the finite element discretization; the first-order, the second-order backward difference approximation, and the CrankNicolson method were used for the system of non-linear ordinary differential equations; the Picard iteration and the Newton-Raphson technique were used to solve the resulting non-linear algebraic system of equations. Conservation of mass is treated as a constraint condition in the procedure; hence, it is integrated numerically along the solution line while marching along the time-like co-ordinate. Among the numerical schemes tested, the Picard iteration technique used with the quadratic Lagrangian polynomials and the second-order backward difference approximation case turned out to be the most efficient to achieve the same accuracy. The advantages of the method developed lie in its coarse grid accuracy, global computational efficiency, and wide applicability to most situations that may arise in incompressible laminar boundary layer flows.
Face recognition in hyperspectral images

Hyperspectral cameras provide useful discriminants for human face recognition that cannot be obtained by other imaging methods. We examine the utility of using near-infrared hyperspectral images for the recognition of faces over a database of 200 subjects. The hyperspectral images were collected using a CCD camera equipped with a liquid crystal tunable filter to provide 31 bands over the near-infrared (0.7 /spl mu/m-1.0 /spl mu/m). Spectral measurements over the near-infrared allow the sensing of subsurface tissue structure which is significantly different from person to person, but relatively stable over time. The local spectral properties of human tissue are nearly invariant to face orientation and expression which allows hyperspectral discriminants to be used for recognition over a large range of poses and expressions. We describe a face recognition algorithm that exploits spectral measurements for multiple facial tissue types. We demonstrate experimentally that this algorithm can be used to recognize faces over time in the presence of changes in facial pose and expression.
Multidomain spectral solution of compressible viscous flows

Abstract We develop a nonoverlapping multidomain spectral collocation method to solve compressible viscous flows. At the interfaces, the advection terms are treated with a characteristic correction method. The diffusion terms are treated with a penalty method. Spectral accuracy is demonstrated on linear model problems in one and two space dimensions. The method is applied to a subsonic and a supersonic flow over a flat plate. The results are compared to solutions of the boundary-layer equations which show that two digit accuracy in the adiabatic plate temperature is obtained with 16 points in the boundary layer for a freestream Mach number of two. A second application is to a transonic flow in a two-dimensional converging-diverging nozzle, where the computed results are compared to experimental data.
Development of a high quality film duplication system using a laser digitizer: comparison with computed radiography.

A high quality film‐duplication system was developed in order to improve the image quality of duplicated radiographs and to recover improperly exposed films. The system consists of a laser film digitizer, a laser film printer, a workstation, and a magneto‐optical disk. Radiographs are digitized by the laser digitizer, processed by the computer for image enhancement, and then printed on a film by the laser printer. A nonlinear density‐correction technique is employed in recovering improperly exposed radiographs using the HD however, for high spatial frequencies, the MTF of the duplication system is superior. The noise in the duplication system is about half of that in the CR system.
A Guide to Setting Up a College Bereavement Group: Using Monologue, Soliloquy, and Dialogue

Childhood grief disrupts and reshapes a developing child’s primary attachments, emotional regulation system, and identity formation. Bereft college students have to build their grief identity simultaneously with their social, academic, vocational, and sexual identities. This article describes a bereavement group to help students work on these developmental tasks. Providing long-term conversationally structured grief groups in a college counseling center provides support for college students’ adjustment and identity development.
Impacts of Industrial Assessment Centers on Energy Engineering Education

The need for energy efficiency captured the attention of all sectors of our society in the 1970s when energy supplies dwindled and prices increased. Interest in energy efficiency continued during the 1980s primarily due to environmental concerns and secondarily because of economic and industrial competitiveness issues. Energy supply disruptions caused by hurricanes Katrina and Rita, and recent hikes in energy prices have generated a renewed interest in energy efficiency. An example of this renewed interest is that the U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) initiated, developed, and implemented a national campaign to save energy now in 2006. In the past, the industrial sector has responded to energy shortages and its price increases with varying effectiveness, but small and medium-sized plants generally lacked the resources to cope effectively. One of the U. S. government’s responses to this situation was to offer these small and medium-sized plants technical assistance such as Industrial Assessment Center (IAC) program. One such center was established at Bradley University in 1993. Since its inception, the Bradley University Industrial Assessment Center (BU IAC) has functioned very successfully. Periodically BU IAC has been doing an in-house critical review of its performance and effectiveness. These reviews included outcomes such as total assessment recommendations, (ARs); diversity of ARs; quantifications of identified opportunities to save energy, minimize waste, and enhance productivity; implementation rates analysis; and impacts on energy engineering education. The purpose of this paper is to describe the impacts of the Industrial Assessment Center program on energy engineering education. The impacts on employment, salaries, and job performance of BU IAC graduates are discussed in this paper. The impacts of the BU IAC in improving the quality of in-class instruction by its Director(s) are explained in this paper.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Pore structure features of pervious concretes proportioned for desired porosities and their performance prediction

The pore structure features such as the pore volume fractions, pore sizes, specific surface areas, and connectivity dictate the properties of any porous material. In this paper, an analysis of the pore structure features of pervious concretes designed for similar porosities using two different proportioning methods – one with higher paste contents and lower compactive efforts and another with lower paste contents and higher compactive efforts – is carried out. The porosities (both from volumetric and image analysis based methods) and characteristic pore sizes obtained from morphological functions are found to be statistically similar for the high-paste and low-paste content mixtures, while the low-paste content mixtures show a higher specific surface area of pores. The extracted pore structure features, when used in the Katz–Thompson equation for permeability prediction, result in over-estimation of permeability for specimens with larger pore sizes. A correction factor for the Katz–Thompson constant is found to be linearly related to the granulometry-based pore sizes.
SCALE EFFECTS AND CORRELATIONS IN NONEQUILIBRIUM CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER

Shultz, R. D., "Improved instrument for the measurement of linear pyrolysis rates of solids," Rev. Sci. Instr. 29, 392-395 (1958). 3 Andersen, W. H., Bills, K. W., Dekker, A. O., Mishuck, E., Moe, G., and Shultz, R. D., "The gasification of solid ammonium nitrate," Jet Propulsion 28, 831-832 (1958). 4 Schultz, R. D. and Dekker, A. O., "Absolute thermal decomposition rates of solids. Part II. The vacuum sublimation rate of molecular crystals," J. Chem. Phys. 23, 2133-2138 (1955). 5 Barrere, M., Jaumotte, A., deVeubeke, B. F., and Vandenkerckhove, J., Rocket Propulsion (Elsevier Publishing Co., Amsterdam, 1960), p. 228. 6 Cantrell, R. H., Jr., "Gas film effects in the linear pyrolysis of solids," Ph.D. Thesis, Harvard Univ., Cambridge, Mass. (May 1961). 7 Schlichting, H., Boundary Layer Theory (Pergamon Press, New York, 1955), pp. 87-90. 8 Hilsenrath, J., "Tables of thermal properties of gases," Natl. Bur. Standards Circular 564 U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. (1955). 9 Knacke, O. and Stranski, I. N., "The mechanism of evaporation," Progr. Metal Phys. 6,181-235 (1956). 10 Nachbar, W. and Williams, F. A., "On the analysis of linear pyrolysis experiments," Ninth Symposium (International) on Combustion (Academic Press, New York, 1963), pp. 345-357.
Learning Perceptual Organization in Infancy: The Effect of Simultaneous versus Sequential Variability Experience

Infants do not readily organize using form similarity: 6- to 7-month-olds familiarized with horizontal or vertical bars (filled rectangles) do not display a subsequent preference for a novel column...
18:1 n7 fatty acids inhibit growth and decrease inositol phosphate release in HT-29 cells compared to n9 fatty acids

Studies have shown that trans fatty acids may play a role in the development of chronic diseases such as heart disease and cancer. The objective of the present project was to examine the effect of supplementation with 18:1 isomers, both positional and geometrical, as compared to 18:0 on the growth, membrane fatty acid composition and the phosphoinositide cycle of HT-29 human colon cancer cells. Cells were supplemented with 30 microM stearic acid (18:0), elaidic acid (18:1, n9, trans), oleic acid (18:1, n9, cis), vaccenic acid (18:1, n7, cis) or trans-vaccenic acid (18:1, n7, trans) as sodium salts complexed to fatty acid-free bovine serum. Cells were grown in these media for 9 days. Cell growth was examined by counting the number of cells and expressed as percentage of control (18:0 supplemented cells). The phosphoinositide (PI) cycle was examined by measuring the inositol phosphate (IP) released from phosphoinositides in the absence (basal) or presence of stimuli (0.1 mM carbachol, 0.1 mM A23187 or 20 mM NaF). The results obtained indicated that cis and trans n7 fatty acids inhibited the growth of HT-29 cells by 11% and 23%, respectively, as compared to 18:0 supplementation. 18:1, n9 had no effect on tumor growth. Supplementation with all forms of 18:1 resulted in an increase in IP and IP2 production as compared to 18:0 supplemented cells without influencing IP3. The presence of the double bond at the 9 position in the supplemented fatty acid increases total IP production by 59% and in the cis form by 37% above the control. The breakdown of phosphoinositides in the absence and presence of several stimuli supports the observed finding on IP. Trans fatty acid supplementation resulted in lower hydrolysis of PI as compared to cis fatty acids. It is concluded that the observed inhibition of tumor growth by the vaccenic acids may be mediated by their effect(s) on the PI cycle which may be associated with their incorporation into membrane lipids.
Automated fault detection and classification of etch systems using modular neural networks

Modular neural networks (MNNs) are investigated as a tool for modeling process behavior and fault detection and classification (FDC) using tool data in plasma etching. Principal component analysis (PCA) is initially employed to reduce the dimensionality of the voluminous multivariate tool data and to establish relationships between the acquired data and the process state. MNNs are subsequently used to identify anomalous process behavior. A gradient-based fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm is implemented to enhance MNN performance. MNNs for eleven individual steps of etch runs are trained with data acquired from baseline, control (acceptable), and perturbed (unacceptable) runs, and then tested with data not used for training. In the fault identification phase, a 0% of false alarm rate for the control runs is achieved.
A randomized controlled trial of trypsin to treat brown recluse spider bites in Guinea pigs.

Brown recluse spider bites result in necrotic skin lesions for which there is no known antidote. Since venom toxins are proteins, a proteolytic enzyme like trypsin might be effective in reducing toxicity. The aim of this study was to conduct a randomized controlled trial of trypsin to treat brown recluse spider bites in guinea pigs. Subjects were 18 female guinea pigs. Anesthesia for injections was inhaled isoflurane. Analgesia was 0.05 mg/kg of buprenorphine twice a day as needed. Intervention was intradermal injection of 30 μg of brown recluse venom (Spider Pharm, Yarnell, AZ). Immediately after envenomation, subjects were randomized to two groups of nine: trypsin 10 μg in 1 mL normal saline and 1 mL of normal saline. The primary outcome was lesion area over a 10-day time period. Statistical analysis was performed with repeated measures ANOVA. Mean lesion area was smaller but not statistically different in the placebo group. Maximum lesion size occurred at day 4 in both groups, when lesion area was 76.1 ± 108.2 mm2 in the placebo group and 149.7 ± 127.3 mm2 in the treatment group. P value was 0.15 for placebo vs. treatment. This study did not establish a role for trypsin as a treatment for brown recluse spider bites in a guinea pig model.
Quantitative genetics of continuous reaction norms: thermal sensitivity of caterpillar growth rates.

A continuous reaction norm or performance curve represents a phenotypic trait of an individual or genotype in which the trait value may vary with some continuous environmental variable. We explore patterns of genetic variation in thermal performance curves of short-term caterpillar growth rate in a population of Pieris rapae .W e compare multivariate methods, which treat performance at each test temperature as a distinct trait, with function- valued methods that treat a performance curve as a continuous function. Mean growth rate increased with increasing temperatures from 8 to 358C, was highest at 358C, and declined at 408C. There was substantial and significant variation among full-sib families in their thermal performance curves. Estimates of broad-sense genetic variances and covariances showed that genetic variance in growth rate increased more than 30-fold from low (8-118C) to high (35-408C) temperatures, even after differences in mean growth rate across temperatures were removed. Growth rate at 35 and 408C was negatively correlated genetically, suggesting a genetic trade-off in growth rate at these temperatures; this trade-off may represent either a generalist-specialist trade-off and/or variation in the optimal temperature for growth. The estimated genetic variance-covariance function (G function), the function-valued analog of the variance-covariance matrix (G matrix), was quite bumpy compared with the estimated G matrix; and results of principal component analyses of the G function were difficult to interpret. The use of orthogonal polynomials as the basis functions in current function-valued estimation methods may generate artifacts when the true G function has prominent local features, such as strong negative covariances at nearby temperatures (e.g. at 35 and 408C); this may be a particular issue for thermal performance curves and other highly nonlinear reaction norms.
The Use of Mass Isotopomer Distribution Analysis to Quantify Synthetic Rates of Sex Pheromone in the Moth Heliothis virescens

Although there has been much investigation of the steps involved in sex pheromone biosynthesis in moths, little is known about the kinetics of biosynthesis in vivo, primarily because there are few techniques suitable for studying the small amounts of pheromone produced without perturbing a female moth’s normal physiology. In this paper, female Heliothis virescens moths fed on U-13C-glucose were subjected to mass isotopomer distribution analysis, enabling calculation of fractional (FSR) and absolute (ASR) synthetic rates of the main pheromone component, (Z)-11-hexadecenal, at two different photoperiodic times: during the scotophase (when adults are sexually active) and during the photophase (when adults do not engage in mating behavior). FSRs differed substantially at the two times with, as expected, the greater rate occurring during the scotophase. After determining Z11-16:Ald pool sizes, ASR through the scotophase was calculated to be roughly 20 times greater than ASR in the photophase. These differences are consistent with the release/non-release of the pheromone biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide. This approach should facilitate determination of more quantitative measures of semiochemical production in moths and other sugar-feeding insects that synthesize semiochemicals from glycolytic metabolites.
Analysis of atmospheric infrared spectra for altitude distribution of atmospheric trace constituents—I. Method of analysis

Abstract A line-by-line, layer-by-layer method is described for the analysis of infrared atmospheric spectra in terms of atmospheric trace constituents. The method covers spectra obtained at both small and large zenith angles. For the latter, a detailed consideration of the air mass along the ray is discussed.
Genetic Diversity of Plaque Mutans Streptococci with rep-PCR

Mutans streptococci (MS) are key organisms associated with the etiology of dental caries. Using probabilities that were tested by oversampling, we designed this study to determine the minimal number of MS isolates from an individual required to evaluate diversity of genotypes. MS isolates were genotyped by repetitive extragenic palindromic-polymerase chain-reaction (rep-PCR). Analysis of 20 isolates from individuals resulted in a mean of 1.6 and 2.4 genotypes in children (N = 12) and adults (N = 10), respectively. In a follow-up study, reducing the number of isolates to 7-10 resulted in a theoretical probability of up to 78% for detecting up to 4 genotypes. A mean of 1.5 genotypes was found in 35 children and 10 adults. These findings provide evidence for the design of studies of MS genotyping that can serve as a model for the analysis of genotypes within individuals.