cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Methodology for the High-Throughput Identification and Characterization of tRNA Variants That Are Substrates for a tRNA Decay Pathway

The rapid tRNA decay (RTD) pathway is a tRNA quality control pathway known to degrade several specific hypomodified or destabilized tRNAs in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this chapter, we describe seven methods for identifying RTD substrates, with a focus on two new approaches: a high-throughput approach that utilizes a suppressor tRNA library, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and deep sequencing, and has greatly expanded the known range of RTD substrates; and a poison primer extension assay that allows for the measurement of levels of suppressor tRNA variants, even in the presence of highly similar endogenous tRNAs. We also discuss different applications of the use of the high-throughput and poison primer extension methodologies for different problems in tRNA biology.
Using Modular Self-Reconfiguring Robots for Locomotion

We discuss the applications of modular self-reconfigurable robots to navigation. We show that greedy algorithms are complete for motion planning over a class of modular reconfigurable robots. We illustrate the application of this result on two self-reconfigurable robot systems we designed and built in our lab: the robotic molecule and the atom. We describe the modules and our locomotion experiments.
Stochastic Differential Equations

A diffusion can be thought of as a strong Markov process (in ℝn) with continuous paths. Before the development of Ito’s theory of stochastic integration for Brownian motion, the primary method of studying diffusions was to study their transition semigroups. This was equivalent to studying the infinitesimal generators of their semigroups, which are partial differential operators. Thus Feller’s investigations of diffusions (for example) were actually investigations of partial differential equations, inspired by diffusions.
Fatigue crack growth analysis of polymonochlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE)

Fatigue crack growth behavior of a polymonochlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE) was investigated. Tension-tension fatigue propagation tests on geometrically identical specimens were performed at different frequencies. Specimens with different notch to width ratios (a/w) were also tested. The applied stress level in all tests was kept the same. The maximum stress was 16.0 MPa and the ratio of minimum stress to maximum stress was kept at 25%. Fatigue test data such as the number of loading cycles, the crack length, and the hysteresis loops were recorded. The Modified Crack Layer (MCL) theory was employed to analyze the FCP behavior of this CTFE material. Also the results were analyzed using the Paris equation for comparison. It has been found that the fatigue crack growth behavior of this material cannot be described by the Paris power law due to the three distinct stages of the FCP kinetics. The MCL model was successfully used for extracting material parameters; γ', the specific energy of damage, and β', the coe...
A new neural network architecture for rotationally invariant object recognition

Introduces a novel neural network architecture for rotationally invariant object recognition. Second-order neurons are used in combination with polar sampling to obtain invariance without incurring excessive network size. Multiple experiments are presented, demonstrating that incorporation of a variable range of rotational invariance results in improved performance over previous methods. The proposed architecture is computationally efficient and avoids the use of subsampling and the resulting loss of recognition accuracy. It has the additional benefit that the range of rotational invariance can be easily adapted to specific applications where full rotational invariance is not appropriate. >
Purification, characterization, and metabolic function of tungsten-containing aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase from the hyperthermophilic and proteolytic archaeon Thermococcus strain ES-1.

Thermococcus strain ES-1 is a strictly anaerobic, hyperthermophilic archaeon that grows at temperatures up to 91 degrees C by the fermentation of peptides. It is obligately dependent upon elemental sulfur (S(o)) for growth, which it reduces to H2S. Cell extracts contain high aldehyde oxidation activity with viologen dyes as electron acceptors. The enzyme responsible, which we term aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase (AOR), has been purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. AOR is a homodimeric protein with a subunit M(r) of approximately 67,000. It contains molybdopterin and one W, four to five Fe, one Mg, and two P atoms per subunit. Electron paramagnetic resonance analyses of the reduced enzyme indicated the presence of a single [4Fe-4S]+ cluster with an S = 3/2 ground state. While AOR oxidized a wide range of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes, those with the highest apparent kcat/Km values (> 10 microM-1S-1) were acetaldehyde, isovalerylaldehyde, and phenylacetaldehyde (Km values of
Characterizations of Exponentiated Distributions

Various characterizations of the class of exponentiated distributions are presented. These characterizations are based on a simple relationship between two truncated moments and based on functions of the th n order statistic. The results are applied to certain well-known members of this class.
Concurrent and convergent validity of the eating in the absence of hunger questionnaire and behavioral paradigm in overweight children

Author(s): Madowitz, Jennifer; Liang, June; Peterson, Carol B; Rydell, Sarah; Zucker, Nancy L; Tanofsky-Kraff, Marian; Harnack, Lisa; Boutelle, Kerri N | Abstract: ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the concurrent and convergent validity of the Eating in the Absence of Hunger (EAH) questionnaire parent report of child (EAH-PC) and child self-report (EAH-C) with the EAH behavioral paradigm (EAH%) and usual dietary intake.MethodData were obtained at baseline assessment for 117 treatment-seeking overweight and obese (BMI g 85th percentile) 8- to 12-year old children (53% female, 54% white) and their parents. Children participated in the EAH free access paradigm after a standardized ad libitum meal. Parents and children completed EAH questionnaires, and the children completed three 24 h recalls. EAH External Eating subscale and total scores were assessed.ResultsEAH% was inversely associated with the EAH-PC total score (p l .04), however, it was not associated with the EAH-PC External Eating scale, EAH-C total score or EAH-C External Eating scale. Daily caloric intake was positively related to both the EAH-C total score (p l .02) and External Eating subscale (p l .007). Daily caloric intake was inversely related to EAH-PC total score (p l .05), but was not related to EAH-PC External Eating subscale or EAH%.DiscussionConcurrent validity was not supported for EAH questionnaires, but convergent validity was supported for EAH-C and child daily caloric intake. Further research is warranted to assess whether EAH questionnaires and paradigm are measuring different aspects of EAH in treatment-seeking children.
de Haas-van Alphen effect in two-dimensional thin films of pure bismuth.

Numerical evaluations have been carried out of the electron and/or hole density, the electronic energy density, the electronic magnetization, and the magnetic susceptibility in ultrathin films of pure bismuth. Electrons and holes were assumed to be performing two-dimensional motions in the film plane. Two orientations of the films were considered: films normal to the trigonal axis and to the bisectrix axis. The Lax nonparabolic, ellipsoidal energy model for bismuth electrons was applied to the energy-momentum relation. The magnetization and susceptibility exhibit de Haas--van Alphen-type oscillations which are unique, both quantitatively and qualitatively, to the semimetallic bismuth films.
Experimental inoculation of domestic cats (Felis domesticus) with Sarcocystis neurona or S. neurona-like merozoites

Sarcocystis neurona is the parasite most commonly associated with equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM). Recently, cats (Felis domesticus) have been demonstrated to be an experimental intermediate host in the life cycle of S. neurona. This study was performed to determine if cats experimentally inoculated with culture-derived S. neurona merozoites develop tissue sarcocysts infectious to opossums (Didelphis virginiana), the definitive host of S. neurona. Four cats were inoculated with S. neurona or S. neurona-like merozoites and all developed antibodies reacting to S. neurona merozoite antigens, but tissue sarcocysts were detected in only two cats. Muscle tissues from the experimentally inoculated cats with and without detectable sarcocysts were fed to laboratory-reared opossums. Sporocysts were detected in gastrointestinal (GI) scrapings of one opossum fed experimentally infected feline tissues. The study results suggest that cats can develop tissue cysts following inoculation with culture-derived Sarcocystis sp. merozoites in which the particular isolate was originally derived from a naturally infected cat with tissue sarcocysts. This is in contrast to cats which did not develop tissue cysts when inoculated with S. neurona merozoites originally derived from a horse with EPM. These results indicate present biological differences between the culture-derived merozoites of two Sarcocystis isolates, Sn-UCD 1 and Sn-Mucat 2.
Are some π−N resonances a manifestation of coupling to the π−Δ(1232) channel?

Abstract Using separable potentials for the processes π N → π N, π N → πΔ , and πΔ → πΔ , we investigate the possibility that some of the low lying resonances seen in π −N elastic scattering may be due to the opening of the threshold for π − Δ production. We find excellent fits to the P 11 , D 13 , D 15 , and S 31 phase shifts and inelasticities without the need for introducing the P 11 (1440), D 13 (1520), D 15 (1675), and S 31 (1620) resonances explicitly. While not claiming that true particle resonances do not exist, our results indicate that coupling to the π − Δ channel should not be ignored.
American Shoemakers, 1648–1895 A Sketch of Industrial Evolution

Industrial stages illustrated by the shoemakers, 39. — I. The Company of Shoomakers, 1648 (Boston). Itinerant cobbler and craft gild, 40. — II. The Society of Master Cordwainers, 1789, and the Federal Society of Journeymen Cordwainers, 1794 (Philadelphia). Retailshop and wholesale-order stages, 45. — III. The United Beneficial Society of Journeymen Cordwainers, 1835 (Philadelphia). Wholesale-speculative stage, 59. Economic causes of class organization; the bargain, 65; the period of investment, 67; the level of the competitive menace, 68; protective organizations, 69. — IV. Knights of St. Crispin, 1868, 72. The factory system, 73. — V. Industrial Evolution in Europe and America. Organization and legislation for protection, 76.
Corrigendum to "The resistance of cortical bone tissue to failure under cyclic loading is reduced with alendronate"[Bone 64 (2014) 57-64].

Some of the labeling of bone specimens was incorrect. Specimens in the group labeled “medial,” which were the specimens included in the primary analysis, included specimens from both the medial and lateral cortices. Specimens in the group labeled “lateral” in the supplement (Tables S1 and S2) were all from the lateral cortex and were excluded from the primary analysis because they did not exhibit fatigue failure. While the description of specimen anatomical location was inaccurate, mislabeling does not affect any conclusions. The corrected description of the specimens is “included” and “excluded” from the principal analysis as reflected in the following revised text and supplemental tables. The full paragraph below replaces and corrects the last paragraph of the “Biomechanical fatigue testing” section (page 59, column 1, paragraph 5): Beams were excluded from the primary analysis if they did not exhibit fatigue. These beams failed without reaching the secondary phase of fatigue by the cycle representing 50% of the total number of cycles imposed. For example, if a test had run to 250,000 cycles but the secondary phase had not been reached by 125,000 cycles of loading then the beam would be excluded. The initial elastic moduli of these excluded beams were 30% lower than beams included in the principal analyses (Tables S1 and S2). These mechanical differences were partially ascribed to differences in porosity, where beams excluded because they did not exhibit fatigue had an average osteonal canal area (Ca.Ar) measured by histomorphometry that exceeded 3% of the total beam cross-sectional area. Data from the principal analyses are presented in the main text from no fewer than 2 dogs per group represented at each stress level. Data excluded from the principal analyses are reported in the supplemental results. The full and correct last three sentences of the “limitations” paragraph of the “Discussion” section (page 63, column 1, paragraph 1) appear below: Because the rib bone is also relatively small, the initial intent was to mechanically fatigue all beams cut from medial and lateral cortices. However, once group assignments were unblinded we found that some beams from the lateral cortex did not undergo fatigue. These specimens had very large osteonal canals (>3% of total beam area). This large porosity in those beams excluded from the primary analyses likely contributed to their poor mechanical properties, including a 30% lower initial modulus than in those beams included in the primary analysis that did exhibit fatigue (Table S1). For the reader’s convenience, the entire supplemental data file, consisting of three tables, is reproduced here. The labeling of specimens is corrected in Tables S1 and S2, while no correction to Table S3 is necessary.
A generalized Goursat-Riemann problem for plane waves in isotropic elastic solids

Abstract A generalized Goursat-Riemann problem for plane waves propagating in an isotropic elastic half space with constant initial and non-constant boundary conditions is investigated. By the application of the temporal perturbation of the solutions near t = 0 , we are able to evaluate the modifications of the wave patterns from the solution of the Goursat-Riemann problem. Four basic wave patterns were found to be of importance for which the initial and final stress states are on (i) a fast simple wave curve, (ii) a slow simple wave curve, (iii) a fast shock wave curve, and on (iv) a slow shock wave curve. The analysis shows that the geometry of the stress paths and the curvilinear wave fronts depend on the impact at the boundary and the partition in the stress space. In particular, the wave fronts are straight lines and the stress in the region between the wave fronts is constant if the impact at the boundary is pointed to the direction of the eigenvector for the slow simple wave or to some specific directions; otherwise the wave fronts are curvilinear.
Believing Identity: Pentecostalism and the Mediation of Jamaican Ethnicity and Gender in England

Believing Identity: Pentecostal ism and the Mediation of Jamaican Ethnicity and Gender in England. Nicole Rodriguez Toulis. Oxford: Berg, 1997. xv. 304 pp., figures, appendixes, bibliography, index.
Magnetic nanoparticles: biomedical applications and challenges

The progress in the development of magnetic nanoparticle based therapies for various biomedical applications is reviewed here. Most significantly, magnetic nanoparticles have been widely used in drug delivery and hyperthermia treatment for cancer. However, recent applications of magnetic nanoparticles demonstrate their promise towards decreasing implant infection and increasing tissue growth. To build the most effective magnetic nanoparticle systems for various biomedical applications, particle characteristics including size, surface chemistry, magnetic properties and toxicity have to be fully investigated. In this review, several new applications of magnetic nanoparticles in the medical arena as well as remaining challenges for such clinical use are discussed.
Smelling the roses and seeing the light: gene therapy for ciliopathies

Alterations in cilia formation or function underlie a growing class of pleiotropic disorders termed ciliopathies. The genetic basis of ciliopathies is remarkably complex, with an incomplete but expanding list of more than 89 loci implicated in various disorders. Current treatment of ciliopathies is limited to symptomatic therapy. However, our growing understanding of ciliopathy genetics, coupled with recent advances in gene delivery and endogenous gene and transcript repair demonstrated thus far in tissues of the eye, nose, and airway, offers hope for curative measures in the near future. This review highlights these advances, as well as the challenges that remain with the development of personalized medicine for treating a very complex spectrum of disease, penetrant in a variety of organ systems.
Sequential Bayes decision procedure for a binomial parameter

Abstract A sequential Bayes decision procedure for a binomial parameter is developed. It is assumed that there are three terminal decisions and that a prior distribution of the parameter belongs to the beta family. The decision boundary is obtained numerically by introducing losses, and proceeding at each stage by maximizing the expected gain. The idea of superimposing two decision boundaries is proposed.
Clinical and dosimetric factors associated with acute rectal toxicity in patients treated with 131Cs brachytherapy for prostate cancer

Abstract Purpose 131Cs has been recently introduced for use in prostate brachytherapy. We wished to identify clinical and dosimetric factors associated with acute bowel/rectal toxicity in patients treated with 131Cs. Methods and Materials Patients treated with 131Cs prostate brachytherapy at the University of Pittsburgh were asked to complete expanded prostate cancer index composite surveys preoperatively and at 2–4 weeks and 3 months postimplant. We identified patients who experienced acute and persistent acute bowel toxicity to determine if any factors could correlate with either situation. Results One hundred six patients were treated with 131Cs from September 2006 to May 2008. Thirty-eight percent of patients met our criteria for patient-appreciated acute bowel symptoms. On multivariate analysis, the volume of rectum receiving 50% of the prescribed dose (R-V50; 4.1 vs. 2.6 cc, p = 0.01), R-V75 (1.3 vs. 0.62 cc, p = 0.01), the percentage of the prescribed dose received by 1 cc of the rectum (R-D-1cc; 75% vs. 64%, p = 0.02), and R-D-2cc (63% vs. 54%, p = 0.003) were found to be factors associated with a greater risk of severe acute bowel toxicity. At 3-month followup, 28% of patients had persistent acute bowel toxicity. On multivariate analysis, no factors were identified that correlated with persistent acute bowel toxicity. Conclusions This study identifies R-V50, R-V75, R-D-1cc, and R-D-2cc as factors associated with patient-appreciated acute rectal toxicity. We are performing dosimetric analysis to determine the optimal distance for the posterior needles from the prostate–rectal interface to decrease rectal dose while still maintaining adequate coverage of prostate.
Spatially localized interactive neural populations—I. A mathematical model

A probabilistic model of a spatially localized, mutually exitatory (inhibitory) population of neurons is formulated to help explain average evoked potential and post-stimulus time histogram measurements. The model is based on the stochastic activity of single neurons within interactive masses of neurons which exhibit co-operative behavior. Macrostate variables corresponding to the above measurements are related through the model to features of neural operation at the individual and ensemble level. Steady-state solution are obtained and their physiological implications are discussed.
Efficient broadband third harmonic frequency conversion via angular dispersion

In this paper we present experimental measurements and theoretical modeling of third harmonic (3{omega}) conversion efficiency with optical bandwidth. Third harmonic conversion efficiency drops precipitously as the input bandwidth significantly exceeds the phase matching limitations of the conversion crystals. For Type I/Type II frequency tripling, conversion efficiency be-gins to decrease for bandwidths greater than {approximately}60 GHz. However, conversion efficiency corresponding to monochromatic phase-matched beams can be recovered provided that the instantaneous Propagation vectors are phase matched at all times. This is achieved by imposing angular spectral dispersion (ASD) on the input beam via a diffraction grating, with a dispersion such that the phase mismatch for each frequency is zero. Experiments were performed on the Optical Sciences Laser (OSL), a 1--100 J class laser at LLNL. These experiments used a 200 GHz bandwidth source produced by a multipassed electro-optic phase modulator. The spectrum produced was composed of discrete frequency components spaced at 3 GHz intervals. Angular dispersion was incorporated by the addition of a 1200 gr/mm diffraction grating oriented at the Littrow angle, and capable of rotation about the beam direction. Experiments were performed with a pulse length of 1-ns and a 1{omega} input intensity of {approximately} 4 GW/cm{sup 2} formore » near optimal dispersion for phase matching, 5.2 {mu}rad/GHz, with 0.1, 60, and 155 GHz bandwidth, as well as for partial dispersion compensation, 1.66 {mu}rad/GHz, with 155 GHz and 0.1 GHz bandwidth. The direction of dispersion was varied incrementally 360{degrees} about the beam diameter. The addition of the grating to the beamline reduced the narrowband conversion efficiency by approximately 10%.« less
Epidermal growth factor receptor immunoreactivity in rat brain. Development and cellular localization

In rat brain, distinct epidermal growth factor-receptor immunoreactivity (EGFR-IR) first appeared in astroglia at about day 16 postnatal, reached maximum intensity at 19 days and then became much weaker as the animals reached adulthood. EGFR-IR was also observed in cerebellar Purkinje cells as early as 11 days postnatal and was maintained into adulthood. In adult and aged animals the most prominent EGF receptor immunostaining occurred in cerebral cortex neurons (layers IV and V) that had the morphology of basket cells. Immunoreactive neurons were abundant in the cingulate, frontal, frontoparietal and striate cortices. In the frontoparietal cortex, EGFR positive neurons were most numerous in the motor area, diminishing laterally towards the somatosensory area. The localization and time of appearance of EGFR-IR did not appear consistent with a direct mitogenic role of the EGF domain in astroglia proliferation during development. However, the EGFR may be involved in neuronal survival and/or neuron-glia signalling.
The Bioarchaeology of Postmortem Agency: Integrating Archaeological Theory with Human Skeletal Remains

Taking the social agency of dead bodies as its main theme, this introduction discusses the articles in this special section on the bioarchaeology of post-mortem agency and discusses theoretical concerns relevant to the (bio)archaeological analysis of agency. In particular, the argument that only biological living persons have social agency or impact the direction of social processes, or the decisions of others is challenged. The challenges of defining and archaeologically detecting such agency of past humans as well as socially alive entities such as ghosts, corpses, relics and totem heads are discussed. A review of the ways investigations of the agency of the dead might unify bioarchaeologists and further integrate social archaeology into future research is also presented. It is argued that a holistic anthropological approach to humans and their ability to impact their surroundings is not complete if the symbolic and material effects of the dead are not considered.
Characterization of a major QTL for adult plant resistance to stripe rust in US soft red winter wheat.

Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is an important disease of soft red winter wheat in the eastern region of the USA. Pioneer 26R61 has provided effective resistance to stripe rust for 10 years. To elucidate the genetic basis of the resistance, a mapping population of 178 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was developed using single-seed descent from a cross between Pioneer 26R61 and the susceptible cultivar AGS 2000. A genetic map with 895 markers covering all 21 chromosomes was used for QTL analysis. One major QTL was detected, explaining up to 56.0% of the mean phenotypic variation, flanked by markers Xbarc124 and Xgwm359, and assigned to the distal 22% of the short arm of wheat chromosome 2A. Evidence showed that it was different from Yr17 derived from Ae. ventricosa, the only formally named Yr gene in 2AS, and the QTL was temporarily designated as YrR61. In addition, a minor QTL, QYr.uga-6AS, probably conditioned high-temperature adult plant resistance. The QTL explained 6–7% of the trait variation. Preliminary test of the flanking markers for YrR61, in two cultivars and two promising breeding lines with Pioneer 26R61 in their pedigree, indicated that YrR61 was present in these cultivars and lines, and these markers could therefore be used in marker-assisted selection.
a Finite Element Technique to Simulate the Stable Shape Evolution of Planar Cracks with AN Application to a Semi-Elliptical Surface Crack in a Bimaterial Finite Solid

This paper describes a numerical procedure to model the crack front evolution of initially arbitrary shaped planar cracks in a three-dimensional solid. The influence of a bimaterial interface on the fracture path of a semi-elliptical surface crack in a three-dimensional structure is examined. The analysis is based on the assumption that fracture is controlled by small-scale yielding and linear elastic fracture mechanics. The finite element method and the crack-tip contour J-integral in a volume domain representation are utilized to calculate the crack front energy release rate. The computed values of the energy release rate are used with a crack-tip velocity growth law to model crack growth increment. The progress of the crack growth evolution is brought forward by successive iterations. Examples of computed crack evolution are given for an embedded circular crack, a semi-elliptical surface crack in a finite plate, and a configuration that defines an isotropic homogeneous material layer with a surface crack located between two material layers. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
N-Bromosuccinimide fragments of protein A24 (uH2A): an implication that ubiquitin is the precursor of conjugation in vivo.

Abstract Chromatin protein A24 has a Y-branched structure in which the carboxyl terminus of ubiquitin is connected through a glycylglycine bridge to the e-NH2 of lysine 119 of histone 2A. In the present study, fragments of protein A24, histone 2A and ubiquitin obtained by cleavage at tryosines with N-bromosuccinimide were subjected to two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and amino acid analysis. The fragmentation patterns and their compositions indicated the absence of an additional polypeptide between arginine 74 of ubiquitin and the glycyglycine bridge.
Psychiatric and medical health care policies in juvenile detention facilities

ABSTRACT Objectives Many adolescents admitted to detention facilities have serious mental and physical health problems. Little is known about policies for the delivery of mental and physical health care in these settings. Our objective was to describe current health care policies in U.S. detention facilities. Method Telephone interviews were requested from 83 juvenile detention facility administrators across the United States. Results The response rate was 97.6%. Data were collected over 12 months, from 2003-2004. Policies for admission health screening existed in 99% of facilities; 90% included mental health screening. Most sites had policies about psychopharmacotherapy and 92% had crisis services. Continuation of existing psychotropic medication treatment was provided at 96% of facilities. Seventy-three percent of facilities used physicians to manage medications in-house; in 61% of the centers, these physicians were psychiatrists. Medication administration policies most often specified nurses, but 16% of facilities used guards. Provisions for discharge psychotropic medication existed at 84% of sites, but there was wide variation in dispensing policies. Conclusions Detention health care policies for adolescents have significant gaps, particularly for mental health care. Future research should include an epidemiological study of detained youths, evaluating their health needs and the actual care received.
Investigation of elevated whole body radiation monitoring results in a research environment.

When a personnel radiation monitoring device (badge) report indicates that a significant, elevated exposure has been received by an individual an immediate and thorought investigation must be initiated to determine if the exposure is real, identity the source of the exposure, and to take appropriate steps to eliminate or control further exposures. The key points to consider in such an inventigation are provided.
Studying Discourse and Dialogue with SIDGrid

Teaching Computational Linguistics is inherently multi-disciplinary and frequently poses challenges and provides opportunities in teaching to a student body with diverse educational backgrounds and goals. This paper describes the use of a computational environment (SIDGrid) that facilitates interdisciplinary instruction by providing support for students with little computational background as well as extending the scale of projects accessible to students with more advanced computational skills. The environment facilitates the use of hands-on exercises and is being applied to interdisciplinary instruction in Discourse and Dialogue.
Simple Nil Lie Algops

A Lie algop is a pair (A, L) where A is a commutative algebra and L is a Lie algebra operating on A by derivations. Faithful simple Lie algops (A, L) are of interest because the corresponding Lie algebras AL are simple—with some rare exceptions at characteristic 2. The simplicity and representation theory of Jordan Lie algops is reduced in Winter (2005b) to the simplicity theory of nil Lie algops and the simplicity and representation theory of toral Lie algops. This paper is devoted to building the first of these two theories, the simplicity theory of nil Lie algops, as a structure theory.
On the nature of intramolecular dephasing processes in polyatomic molecules

Abstract Intramolecular dephasing processes in polyatomic molecules are discussed with relation to coherent transient spectroscopy, radiationless transitions, multiphoton molecular processes, and overtone spectroscopy. A distinction is made between proper and improper dephasing processes (PDP, IDP) depending on whether they arise due to changes in populations or not. It is shown that the type of experiment and, consequently, the way we partition the hamiltonian are closely related to this distinction. We consider several experimental and theoretical approaches for studying intramolecular dynamics and discuss under what conditions it is necessary and useful to introduce explicitly dephasing interactions.
Metabolism of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa) in human subjects.

Abstract Three healthy males were infused with 100μc 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine ( l -dopa-3- 14 C in 1000 ml of physiological saline. Urine was collected during the infusion period, at 2, 4, 8 and 24 hr, and daily thereafter for 5 days. Using a specially designed flow monitor system, the various l -dopa metabolites and biosynthetic products were separated, identified, and their radioactivity measured. Of the total radioactivity infused, 71·6 ± 3·1 per cent was recovered in 24 hr and 80·6 ± 3·4 per cent in 120 hr. Thirty-five radioactive metabolic products were separated. Of the infused l -dopa-3- 14 C, 11 per cent of the radioactivity was recovered as metabolic products of l -dopa, 64 per cent as dopamine or metabolic products of dopamine, and 5 per cent as noradrenaline or metabolic products of noradrenaline; no radioactive adrenaline was detected. The remaining 20 per cent of radioactivity was unaccounted for and was presumably distributed and subsequently released. Of the 35 metabolic products which were separated, 16 were identified, 2 were tentatively identified and 17 were unidentified. The identified products represented 65·7 per cent of the total radioactivity recovered in 120 hr.
Effect of the Loma Prieta Earthquake on surface slip along the Calaveras Fault in the Hollister area

Over the past ten years the author has made over 800 measurements of slip rates at 20 sites on various faults in the San Francisco Bay region. This data set enables them to compare rates and amounts of slip on these various faults before and after the Loma Prieta earthquake (LPEQ) on the San Andreas fault. No surface slip rate changes associated with the earthquake occurred at any of the sites on the San Andreas, Hayward, northern Calaveras, Concord-Green Valley, Seal Cove-San Gregorio, Antioch, Rodgers Creek, or West Napa faults. The LPEQ apparently triggered up to 12-14 mm of right slip on the southern Calaveras fault at two sites in the Hollister area less than 50 km from the epicenter. Most of this slip was probably coseismic or nearly so. About the same amount of slip was triggered at these sites in 1984 by the Morgan Hill earthquake. This slip, in contrast, occurred as afterslip within about a 2.5-month interval. The Calaveras fault in the Hollister area moves episodically, with shorter times of more rapid slip alternating with longer times of slower slip. The alternation occurs whether or not the times of faster slip are triggered by any nearby seismicmore » event(s).« less
The Relative Value Unit in Academic Geriatrics: Incentive or Impediment?

Although the number of older adults is rapidly expanding, the number of healthcare professionals trained in geriatrics is small and declining. The reasons are multifaceted, but because responsibility for training such professionals resides largely in academic health centers (AHCs), their support for geriatrics is critical. As AHCs face increasing financial pressure, many are seeking metrics to measure productivity and the Relative Value Unit (RVU) may be the one most commonly selected. Yet little is known about the RVU's effect on geriatric programs. Review of the literature and a survey of the leaders of the Association of Directors of Geriatric Academic Programs suggest that the advantages of an RVU-based metric are likely eclipsed by its negative impact on the care of older adults, the ability of academic geriatrics to accomplish its mission, and even the survival of geriatrics. If the RVU is to continue to be used as the index of productivity, it should be modified--by reweighting its codes (or by adding new ones)--and complemented by interventions to ensure patient access, care quality, and efficiency. Because an alternative metric, such as a Patient-based Value Unit may be preferable, this article describes the principles on which one might be based. Regardless, urgent action is required by all stakeholders to address this issue. Without it, the future of academic geriatrics--and with it the innovative care models, research, and training the nation needs to improve care and bend the cost curve--will be difficult if not impossible to sustain.
Retrograde cysto-myelogram: Case Report.

BACKGROUND In the scenario of blunt trauma with suspected bladder injury, conventional retrograde cystography is the gold standard for accurate diagnosis. CASE DESCRIPTION The authors report the case of a 54-year-old patient who presented with pelvic and sacral fractures and a ruptured bladder after being hit by a vehicle. A retrograde computed tomography cystogram demonstrated extraperitoneal extravasation of the contrast agent, which traversed violated sacral nerve roots, resulting in contrast entering the subarachnoid space at the left sacral ala predominantly through the left L5 and S1 nerve roots. CONCLUSIONS This is the first known report of an accidental myelogram imaging performed through a retrograde cystogram.
"La querelle des femmes" no final do século XX

This article examines the feminist debates on the parity movement in France in the 1990s. It shows how French and North-American feminists deploy stereotypes in articulating theoretical and political arguments for and against parity. Drawing comparisons between historical debates women's political representation in France during the foundation of republicanism with more contemporary discussions, the author focuses on the arguments offered by contemporary defenders and opponents of the parity movement, including those advanced by feminists intellectuals situated on both the left and the liberal sides of the political spectrum. The author analizes how these arguments rely on binary oppositions such as equality and difference, and communitarism and universalism, claiming that the parity movement has opened a new conversation about the future of French politics and the universalist premises upon which its republicanism has been based.
Norton-Corrected Measurement of Complex Impedances of a Large Format Bolometer Array

We report on our efforts to measure simultaneously a well-calibrated complex impedance of a large number of detectors in a long wavelength bolometer array. The array is described in other presentations. A method for correcting the complex impedance measurements of bolometers and calorimeters has been presented by Lindeman et al. (Rev. Sci. Instrum. 78:043105, [2007]) using a Thevenin equivalent circuit to represent the bias network. We have built on this method for superconducting bolometers with a Norton equivalent circuit and have used it to improve our impedance data. We further describe our method for extracting a Norton-corrected complex impedance as a function of frequency from a stream of multiplexed time-ordered data. This method is well-suited to producing simultaneous complex impedance measurements for a large number of detectors.
Electrochemical synthesis of polysaccharide‐protein complexes. Part 2. Apple pectin‐casein complexes

Solid complexes of apple pectin with casein were prepared from aqueous blends of the components at 12 V on stainless steel electrodes. The composition of complexes which separated on the anode was linearly dependent on the component ratio in the solution and practically independent of pH. Thermal stability of the complexes slightly depended on their composition as proved by thermal analysis.
The chemistry of pedogenic thresholds

Abstract Pedogenesis can be slow or fast depending on the internal chemical response to environmental forcing factors. When a shift in the external environment does not produce any pedogenic change even though one is expected, the soil is said to be in a state of pedogenic inertia. In contrast, soil properties sometimes change suddenly and irreversibly in a threshold response to external stimuli or internal change in soil processes. Significant progress has been made in understanding the thermodynamics and kinetics of soil-property change. Even in the open soil system, the direction of change can be determined from measures of disequilibrium. Favorable reactions may proceed in parallel, but the most prevalent and rapid ones have the greatest impact on product formation. Simultaneous acid–base, ion exchange, redox and mineral-transformation reactions interact to determine the direction and rate of change. The nature of the governing reactions is such that soils are well buffered to pH change in the alkaline and strongly acid regions but far less so in the neutral to slightly acid zones. Organic matter inputs may drive oxidation–reduction processes through a stepwise consumption of electron acceptors (thereby producing thresholds) but disequilibrium among redox couples and regeneration of redox buffer capacity may attenuate this response. Synthesis of secondary minerals, ranging from carbonates and smectites to kaolinite and oxides, forms a basis for many of the reported cases of pedogenic inertia and thresholds. Mineralogical change tends to occur in a serial, irreversible fashion that, under favorable environmental conditions, can lead to large accumulations of specific minerals whose crystallinity evolves over time. These accumulations and associated “ripening” processes can channel soil processes along existing pathways or they can force thresholds by causing changes in water flux and kinetic pathways.
Responding to Suicide in Schools: A Case Study in Loss Intervention and Group Survivorship

General strategies for group survivorship intervention are proposed in a case study of an elementary school student's suicide.
The metabolism of N-2-fluorenylhydroxyl-amine in male and female rats

Abstract Because of its importance as a proximate carcinogen derived from N -2-fluorenylacetamide, the metabolic fate of N -2-fluorenylhydroxylamine was studied with isotopic techniques. In a 24-hr period after i.v. injection, adult female rats excreted 51 and 9.7 per cent of the dose in urine and feces, males 45 and 3.7 per cent. Liver and kidneys had 9.6 and 0.5 per cent (males), 8.3 and 0.4 per cent (females); liver and kidney proteins had 210 and 118 mμmoles/g (males), 137 and 118 mμmoles/g (females). The urinary metabolites in male rats consisted of sulfuric acid esters, glucosiduronic acids, and unconjugated compounds in decreasing order of magnitude; with females more glucosiduronic acids were found. The metabolites identified were the acetylated derivatives N -hydroxy- N -2-fluorenylacetamide and 3-, 5-, and 7-hydroxy- N -2-fluorenyl-acetamide, and also 2-amino-7-nuorenol, present in differing amounts in males and females. After zero 6 and 24 hr, increasing amounts of isotope were bound to serum proteins. At 24 hr, erthyrocytes were extensively labeled. Thus, highly reactive N -2-fluorenylhydroxylamine, as evidenced by tissue and serum binding, underwent acetylation followed by the metabolic transformation characteristic of the product, N -hydroxy- N -2-fluorenylacetamide. An isomerization of the hydroxylamine and a subsequent acetylation may also have occurred.
Understanding the origins of the intrinsic dead layer effect in nanocapacitors

Thin films of high-permittivity dielectrics are considered ideal candidates for realizing high charge-density nanosized capacitors for use in next generation energy storage and nanoelectronic applications. The experimentally observed capacitance of such film nanocapacitors is, however, 1 order of magnitude lower than expected. This dramatic drop in capacitance is attributed to the so-called ``dead layer''---a low-permittivity layer at the metal-dielectric interface in series with the high-permittivity dielectric. The exact nature of the dead layer and the reasons for its origin still remain somewhat unclear. Based on insights gained from recently published ab initio work on ${\text{SrRuO}}_{3}{/\text{SrTiO}}_{3}{/\text{SrRuO}}_{3}$ and our first-principles simulations on Au/MgO/Au and Pt/MgO/Pt nanocapacitors, we construct an analytical model that isolates the contributions of various physical mechanisms to the intrinsic dead layer. In particular we argue that strain-gradients automatically arise in very thin films even in absence of external strain inducers and, due to flexoelectric coupling, are dominant contributors to the dead layer effect. Our theoretical results compare well to existing as well as our own ab initio calculations and suggest that inclusion of flexoelectricity is necessary for qualitative reconciliation of atomistic results. Our results also hint at some remedies for mitigating the dead layer effect.
Margin design for esthetic posterior metal ceramic crowns.

Abstract Variations in margin designs for ceramic metal restorations have been used to fulfill the many requirements for such restorations. The trend in our population toward greater esthetic awareness places increased emphasis on esthetics. This trend necessitates a high level of esthetics in posterior restorations. Commonly used posterior margin designs have been described and their inherent weaknesses and strengths have been reviewed. An alternative design has been proposed with its advantages in esthetics, tissue compatibility, cleansibility, and versatility. The clinical and laboratory procedures for this design have been described.
Postnatal changes in lung phospholipids and alveolar macrophages in term newborn monkeys

In order to better understand the postnatal sequence of surfactant secretion and establishment of the alveolar macrophage (AM) population in newborn primates, healthy Macaca nemestrina monkeys were sacrificed during fetal life at term gestation (n = 5), or at 2 days (n = 5) or 3-4 weeks (n = 5) after term vaginal delivery. Excised lung tissue and left lung lavage were analyzed for phospholipid (PL) content, surface active material (SAM) extract, PL components, surface activity, pressure-volume characteristics, and AM number. Compared to term fetal animals, 2 day old term newborn monkeys were found to have a several-fold increase in lavage PL and SAM, and this was associated with greater maximal lung volume and drier lungs, but not improved deflation stability. During the subsequent 3-4 weeks of life, a 42% reduction in lung tissue stores of PL and SAM, and an 87% reduction in lavage PL and SAM were noted. Despite these major changes in quantity, there were relatively minor changes in the composition of the PL synthesized and released. The reduced quantity of SAM in the 3-4 week old animals led to a small decline in deflation stability. The several-fold increase in lavage PL and SAM during the first 2 days of life was accompanied by a 33-fold increase in AM; there was an additional 4-fold increase in AM number by 3-4 weeks of age. The abundance of lavage surfactant at 2 days of age may play a role in the influx of AM.
Histamine and acetylcholine receptor involvement in sensorimotor gating: an autoradiography study

Sensory gating is a way by which the brain manages sensory information flow. For optimal allocation of neural resources, it is important to be able to screen out (or “gate”) irrelevant sensory information when another stimulus is being processed. Sensorimotor gating more generally refers to the overall process of modulation of the motor responses to sensory stimuli. Impaired sensorimotor gating is seen in a variety of neurobehavioral disorders including schizophrenia, autism and sensory processing disorder. The degree of sensorimotor gating can be studied behaviorally by indexing prepulse inhibition (PPI). PPI reflects the degree of suppression of a startle response to an intense sensory stimulus when it is preceded by a more modest sensory stimulus. The neural circuitry underlying PPI has been shown to include dopaminergic and cholinergic systems. We previously found that histaminergic H1 receptors also play important roles in sensorimotor gating: the acute administration of the histamine H1 antagonist, pyrilamine, significantly reverses the PPI impairment caused by the NMDA glutamate antagonist, dizocilpine (MK-801). The current study was conducted to determine the anatomic bases for histaminergic and cholinergic regulation of the effect of NMDA antagonism on PPI. Using autoradiography, we found that pyrilamine treatment decreased H1 receptor binding in the anterior cingulate, which correlated with PPI improvement. Furthermore, we found that pyrilamine treatment resulted in increased α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor binding in the insular cortex, which also correlated with PPI improvement. These findings shed light on the interaction between histamine and acetylcholine signaling in a distributed network of PPI modulation.
Progress in scientific visualization

Visualization of observed data or simulation output is important to science and engineering. I have been particularly interested in visualizing 3-D structures, and report here my personal impressions on progress in the last 20 years in visualizing molecules, scalar fields, and vector fields and their associated flows. I have tried to keep the survey and list of references manageable, so apologize to those authors whose techniques I have not mentioned, or have described without a reference citation.